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COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

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by
Frank Alldben Genealogical Company

Stack
Annex

501577Q

PREFACE

This volume contains forty of the two hundred and
eighty sketches by Miss Smith which constitute the
present series (seven volumes) of COLONIAL FAMILIES
OF AMERICA. These little brochures are in no sense
"genealogies." Particular pedigrees or lineages are sel-
dom given, except in cases of eminent Americans.

The sketches derive their peculiar value from the
fact that they present, briefly, the general history linked
with a surname — a comprehensive outline, equally in-
teresting to all who bear the name or descend from
ancestors who bore it. For the great mass of Amer-
icans, who, not being specialists, are unfamiliar with
the extensive technical literature of genealogy and
heraldry, it is hoped that these volumes will serve the
useful purpose of an interesting general introduction to
the most fascinating of pursuits, the tracing of one's
ancestry.

To this end Miss Smith has sought out the quaint
and the picturesque; and her sketches, full of life and
point, are delightfully entertaining. Nevertheless, the
preparation of a single one sometimes has required the
consultation of a score of general authorities, besides
three or four regular genealogies. Those familiar with
the mistakes which abound in such works will know
how to make allowances for their repetition in a popular
compilation based upon them.

In the sketch of a family, as a rule, Miss Smith dis-
cusses the origin of the surname; refers to prominent
European families of the name ; gives an account of the

coats-of-arms, often confusedly numerous, with particu-
lar reference to those claimed by Americans; distin-
guishes between American families of the same name
which spring from different immigrant founders; and
mentions individuals of the name who figured promi-
nently in Colonial times or as Eevolutionary soldiers.

Most of the family names treated are widespread.
For example, the sixty "common names of the world,"
as enumerated by Lower, are included. There are few
Americans of Colonial stock, therefore, who will not
find at least ten or twenty of their ancestral families in
the list. Miss Smith's work will have a special value
for Americans, interested in their ancestral lines, who
do not enjoy access to the great genealogical libraries,
or do not possess the means, the leisure, the patience, or
the experience demanded for successful genealogical re-
search. But even to those desirous of tracing out their
immediate ancestry, line by line, and generation by
generation, these sketches afford a general survey and
point of departure; after which the search must be
continued in larger technical works and among original
records.

A vast amount of detailed information, not included
in these sketches, is in the possession of the Author and
Publishers, who gladly will render to inquirers any
assistance in their power. And as other volumes of
COLONIAL FAMILIES are contemplated, additional to the
seven in the present series^ correspondence is invited
and information solicited regarding families which
might appropriately be included.

FRANK ALLABEN.

CONTENTS

Bacon Family
Bailey Family
Baldwin Family .
Ball Family
Bancroft Family .
Bradford Family
Brooks Family .
Brown Family
Gary Family
Conway Family .
Dickinson Family
Dubois Family
Edwards Family .
Field Family
Fisher Family
Fox Family
Freeman Family .
Goodridge Family
Griffith Family .
Hawley Family .
Horton Family .
Loomis Family .
Manning Family .
Martin Family .
Merritt Family .
Miner Family
Montgomery Family
Osgood Family .
Phillips Family .
Read Family
Roosevelt Family

PAGE

13
21
29

101

109

117

125

133

141

149

157

165

173

181

189

197

205

213

221

229

237

245

253

CONTENTS

Savage Family . . . . .. . . 261

Sewall Family . . „ . . . . 269

Smith Family . . • . . . . . 277

Todd Family ' . 291

Wallace Family . ' I' . ' . . . . 299

Wendell Family . . . . . . 307

Wilson Family . . . . .•„*„. 315

Winslow Family . 323

Wright Family ' . 331

Index 339

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Bradford Homestead, Austerfield, England .

Frontispiece

Bacon Arms . . . . .17

Bailey Arms . . . . . .23

Baldwin Arms ; . .31

Ball Arms . . ' . .... . .41

Bancroft Arms 47

Bradford Arms 55

Brooks Arms 65

Brown Arms 73

Gary Arms 79

Conway Arms * . 87

Dickinson Arms 95

Dubois Arms . . . . . . . 103

Edwards Arms 113

Field Arms 121

Fisher Arms 127

Fox Arms 135

Freeman Arms 143

Goodridge Arms 151

Griffith Anns 159

Hawley Arms 167

Horton Arms . 175

Loomis Arms ....... 183

Manning Arms 193

Martin Arms ... i ... 201
Merritt Arms . . . . . . .209

Miner Arms . . . . . . . 217

Montgomery Arms ...... 223

Osgood Arms •• . . . . . . 233

Phillips Arms . . . . . . 239

Read Arms . 249

ILLUSTRATIONS

Roosevelt Arms 257

Savage Arms 263

Sewall Arms . . . * • •! S-j • . 271

Smith Arms 279

Smith Arms 285

Todd Arms --'i-' 293

Wallace Arms 301

Wendell Arms 311

Wilson Arms 319

Winslow Arms ....... 325

Wright Arms 333

BACON FAMILY

TRACE BACK TO NORMANDY — NAME ON BATTLE AB-
BEY EOLL — ROMANTIC CAREER OF NATHANIEL
OF VIRGINIA

Tradition has it that the Bacons came from Bayeux,
France, the original form of the name. If so, it has
undergone an almost unrecognizable change.

Then there is a more plausible theory, and doubtless
the correct one. A seigniory in Normandy was called
Bacon, or Bacun. The first to bear this, as a surname
in England, was the great-grandson of Trimbald, who
was one of the Conqueror's knights. Taking the name
Bacon was only a resumption of the ancient Norman
name, which still exists in France. The "great Suffolk
family of Bacon," as it is called, is descended from
Grimbald.

We have a record that William Bacon, 1082, endowed
the Abbey of Holy Trinity, at Caen.

Baconthorpe is the name of a village in Norfolk.
The family has been seated at. Somerset and Rutland
for centuries. York House, London, and Redgrove,
Suffolk, were family estates.

"Lord Keeper Bacon," the Keeper of the Great Seals,
in Elizabeth's reign, by whom he was knighted, was
Sir Nicholas Bacon. His son was the illustrious Lord
Bacon, who, as we all know (?), wrote Shakespeare's
plays!

Several manors in Suffolk were granted to Sir
Nicholas, by Henry VIII. He lived at Redgrave
House.

16 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEEICA

On Battle Abbey Eoll we find the name, which shows
that the family was represented at the battle of Has-
tings. The orthography varies, as found on the Eoll —
Bacun, Bachun, and Bajocis being the forms, which
by the wise ones are translated into to-day's name,
Bacon.

The Massachusetts settler was Michael Bacon, who
was born in Suffolk. In 1640 he was helping to found
the town of Dedham.

From a record of the day, we have the following
interesting bit: "Agreed that the towne of Dedham
shall enterteyne Mr. Bacon, Samuel Cooke, and Mr.
Smith, and afford to them such accommodations of
upland and medowe as their estates shall Eequier."
He and wife Alice died the same year and month,
she April 2, 1648, and he sixteen days later. An in-
ventory gives the value of his estate, £54, 15 s., 4 d.

His eldest son Michael was one of the proprietors
of Woburn; he is also mentioned as a citizen of Bill-
erica, and one of the soldiers of Philip's war. Any,
therefore, who trace back to him, may claim member-
ship with the Society of Colonial Wars. He was
"Michael thrice blessed," that is, he married three

times. Mary ; Mary Eichardson, 1655, and

Mary Noyes, 1670.

The "principal inhabitant" of Billerica, Jonathan
Bacon, another great-grandson of Michael, the pilgrim,
was representative to the General Court, and appointed
"to assemble the people in the first town meeting, Oct.
6, 1729." Two wives, each named Elizabeth, fell to
his lot — Elizabeth Giles and Elizabeth Hancock, widow
of Benjamin Wyman of Woburn. One Bacon mar-
riage connection traces back to John and Priscilla
Alden, thus giving descendants affiliation, if desired,
with the Mayflower Society.

Eoxbury, Bridgewater, and Bedford are other homes
of the Bacons. In Bedford the house, built the latter
part of the seventeenth century, is still standing. There
six generations of Bacons were born.

18 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEKICA

The founder of the New Hampshire branch of the
family was Jacob, great-grandson of Michael, the pil-
grim. The first Harvard graduate of the Bacon fam-
ily was Jacob, class of 1731. He was town clerk and
treasurer of Keene, N. Hv where he was called the
"worthy Mr. Bacon." He was pastor of the Third
Church in Plymouth, and his Bible is preserved in
Pilgrim Hall. He, too, had the luck to get two wives,
named Mary: Mary Wood, and, upon her taking off,
Mary Whitney.

Mary was a favorite name with the Bacons, when
they were scanning the horizon in search of wives.
Michael's brother Daniel married Mary, daughter of
Thomas Keed, who was born in Essex, England. John,
another son of the pilgrim Michael, was also a bold
soldier boy in Philip's war. His home was Dedham.

Of twenty-six minute men from Bedford, in the
"Concord fight," six were Bacons. Lieutenant John
was killed in this engagement. Every State had its
representatives of this family in the Continental Army
from the time the first gun was fired till the close
of the war.

One patriot, Edmund Bacon, of Virginia, was hon-
ored with a gift of books from Washington.

It has been said that if Nathaniel Bacon lived
longer — he died at the age of thirty-four, in 1676 — the
independence of America might have come 100 years
earlier than it did. His untimely death postponed
the great Declaration and the starry flag a round cen-
tury.

Nathaniel Bacon was born in Suffolk, and he had
the best blood of Britain in his veins. When about
thirty years old he joined the Jamestown settlement,
in Virginia, and at first was a leader of the aristocrats
— rich, handsome, intellectual, like many of his neigh-
bors, he lived in princely style. But at heart he was
a democrat of the democrats, a man who loved justice
and right, and it took him but a little while to declare
himself squarely on the side of the people.

BACON FAMILY 19

The "first American rebel," he is called. Against
Governor Berkeley, the royalist, and the aristocrats,
Bacon soon declared war to the knife.

In 1675 there was a great Indian uprising, and
Berkeley did nothing about it, but Bacon acted. A
military force, made up of the plain people, elected
Bacon as their general, and plans were made for se-
curing peace and safety in the colony. On July 4,
1676, the fearless leader, with his several hundred
patriots, demanded the governor's signature to his-
commission as general, setting out at once, on his
march against the Indians. He had no sooner gone,
however, than Berkeley proclaimed him a rebel — a
patriot, we call him. Bacon's romantic career has been
made the subject of a novel.

Drummond, also a patriot and one of Bacon's chief
supporters, fell into Berkeley's hands.

"Mr. Drummond," said the Governor, "you are
very welcome. I am more glad to see you than any
man in Virginia. Mr. Drummond, you shall be
hanged in half an hour." He was executed forthwith.
In all, Berkeley put to death over twenty persons who
had been associated with Bacon — who had died of a
fever. When Charles II. heard of the Governor's
wholesale hangings, he said: "That old fool has put to
death more men than I did for the murder of my
father." Only six out of the fifty-nine judges who
had sentenced Charles to death were executed.

The coat-of-arms here given is ascribed to Nathaniel
Bacon, whose name appears upon the records of Mid-
dletown, Conn., 1653, and upon the New Haven
records eight years later. He was son of William, of
Stretton, England, and probably a descendant of Sir
Nicholas Bacon.

The arms are: Gules, on a chief, argent, two mul-
lets, sable, pierced of the second.

Crest: A boar, passant, ermine, armed and hoofed,
or.

20 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Motto: Mediocria finna — "Mediocrity is stable."
The boar symbolizes hospitality. Gules denotes
military courage. Says Shakespeare,
"Follow thy drum;

With man's blood paint the ground gules, gules."
Argent is the emblem of sincerity; sable of con-
stancy; or, of generosity, and ermine always symbol-
izes dignity and rank.

BAILEY FAMILY

OP FRENCH ORIGIN — NAME HAS A VARIED ORTHOG-
RAPHY— CHARACTERISTICS COURAGE AND IN-
TEGRITY

The name Bailey as a surname is probably from the
town Bailli, in the arrondissement of Neufchatel.
Bailie is a township in Cumberland, and Bailey the
name of one in Lancashire.

The spelling of the name has never been uniform.
In France the usual orthography is Baailly; in Scot-
land, Baillie, and in England and America, Baily,
Bailey, and Bayley. Other variations of the name
are Bailie, Balai, and Baillet (the "t" silent).

As to the derivation of the name, authorities differ.
There are those who get it from the same root as bail
and bailiff, namely, the old French word bailler or
bailer, meaning to deliver or give up.

Bailey, as a term in architecture, is said to be a
corruption of ballium, or from the French bailie,
which, in turn, is a corruption of bataille, a place
where soldiers drill in battle array, or the open space
between the inner and outer lines of a fortification.
The Inner and Outer Bailey often play important
parts in old English novels, do they not ? There is the
Old Bailey at London and York; and the Upper and
Nether Bailey at Colchester.

In France, where the name is Baillet, as well as
Bailly, Adrien Baillet of Picardy was a writer and
critic. Jean Sylvain Bailly was an orator, astrono-
mer, and a promoter of the French Revolution. The
day following the fall of the Bastile he was made
mayor of Paris, but his counsels of moderation being
distasteful, he too promptly lost his head.

26 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

The Baileys have been prominent in the history of
Great Britain, and seated at Sheffield, Bristol, Berk-
shire, and Nottingham; also at Glasgow, and on the
banks of the Clyde, in Lanarkshire.

The family has had almost more than its share of
learned men and women; literary lights, bright and
shining; and scientists, and philosophers. Johnson's
Dictionary is said to be founded upon that made by
Nathaniel Bailey, English philologist and lexicog-
rapher of the eighteenth century. Of the same era
was Samuel Bailey, of whom it is said that few have
written more elegantly and clearly. His poem,
"Maro," in four cantos, contains a lively description
of the mental state of a young poet, who printed 1,000
copies of his first poem and only sold ten. This is
not credited with being autobiographical.

Dr. Matthew Baillie, born 1761, "came of a highly
gifted family." His mother was Dorothea, sister of
the celebrated John and William Hunter, and his sister
was Joanna Baillie, poet and dramatist. Her songs
are of great beauty, and her adaptations of Scottish
songs were popular in their day, particularly the one
entitled "Woo'd and Married an' a'."

A statesman of the family was Eobert Baillie, born
in Glasgow, 1602. He was one of the commission sent
to Holland to invite Charles II. of Scotland. The
astronomer of the family was Francis Baily; the dis-
tinguished sculptor, Edward Baily.

The progenitors of the American line were two
brothers, James and Richard Bailey, born in England,
the former in 1612. They made homes in Rowley,
Massachusetts Bay Colony. Richard came in the
Bevw, 1638, and James came with him, or a little
later. Richard was a man of affairs and held many
offices, including overseer of the poor, and he was se-
lectman for several years. John, son of James, born
1642, was a soldier under General Phipps in the Ca-
nadian expedition, 1690, where he lost his life.

BAILEY FAMILY 27

Heitman's "Officers of the American Revolution"
gives the names of Captain Adams, Ensign Hudson,
Colonel John and Adjutant Luther, all of Massa-
chusetts; Ensign Hezekiah and Lieutenant Gideon, of
Connecticut; Captain Mountjoy and Lieutenant John
of Maryland; Captain Benjamin, of North Carolina.
Among other officers of the Continental Army were
Lieutenants Amos and Thomas. Shubael Bailey, who
was a Revolutionary soldier, also served in the French
war, and had a pension. He was a shoemaker, and a
good one, if physical stature may be taken into ac-
count, for he was six feet seven inches tall, and
weighed 300 pounds.

Ann Bailey is one of the characters of the family.
Born in Liverpool about 1725, she was kidnapped when
a young girl, carried to Virginia and sold. This was
a time when brides were much in request in Virginia,
and brought their weight, if not in gold, in tobacco.
Her husband rejoiced in the name of Trotters. The
Trotters, it may be mentioned, had a marriage con-
nection with the family of Fielding Lewis, who mar-
ried Washington's sister. Trotter was killed at the
battle of Point Pleasant, October 10, 1774. His widow
Ann, moved by revenge, assumed male attire and,
adopting the life of a scout and spy, was often em-
ployed to convey information to commandants of forts.
It is handed down that, if not a veritable Amazon,
Ann was most expert with her rifle.

Among Bailey marriage connections may be men-
tioned the Martins and Taylors, the last named the
family of President Zachary Taylor. The Oakes fam-
ily is another connection. Colonel Donty, of Oakes
lineage, married Emily Cummings Bailey, of May-
flower stock.

We do not find that the Baileys allowed their
imagination to run away with them, in seeking names
for their children — Finis, Abovehope, and Octopus, for
example.

28 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEEICA

"Octopus, sir!" exclaimed an astonished divine, who
was about to baptize a baby, in the good old times,
"but you cannot call a child by so extraordinary a
name I"

"Yes, sir, if you please," was the reply, "you see,
it's our eighth child, and we want it called 'Octopus.' ';

Poor child ! And nearly as bad was it for the boy,
whose initials were "E. G. G.," his last name begin-
ning with an "S." At school, he was never called
anything but "Eggs," and even now the nickname
dogs his footsteps through the commercial world. It
is not to point a moral that this story is told, nor per-
haps to adorn the tale.

Characteristics of the Baileys are integrity, courage,
moderation, calmness, and patience, and the discharge
of duties in the most honorable way. Fear of God,
and love of righteousness are inherent qualities.

The illustration is that of the coat-of-arms attrib-
uted to Eichard and James Bailey, of Massachusetts,
and is blazoned: Ermine, three bars, wavy, sable.

Crest: A demi-lady, holding in her dexter hand a
tower, in her sinister hand a laurel branch, vert.

BALDWIN FAMILY

BALDWIN

BALDWIN FAMILY

NAME OF DISTINGUISHED ORIGIN — DATES BACK TO
SEVENTH CENTURY — BORNE BY KINGS, EMPER-
ORS, CRUSADERS

Prince and ruler is the meaning of Baldwin, de-
rived from the Anglo-Saxon Baldric. In the Teutonic
tongue, Baldr means prince, and the royal house of
Visigoths were the Balten. Balths, meaning bold, is
also a Teutonic word. One German form of the name
is Balduin; in Holland, it is Boudewijn; in France,
Baudri, Baudoin and Baudouin; in Italy, Balduino
and Baldovino; in Sweden, Balderick; in Poland, Bel-
deryk. Other variations of the name in different coun-
tries are Baldemund, Baldeflede, and Baldbrecht. The
most beautiful of all the gods was Baldur, "the fair,
white god."

We are more concerned, however, with the mortals
than the immortals. In the ninth century the King
of Kent was Baldred. Earlier than this, or in the
seventh century, the name is found in English history.
Its great popularity as a name perhaps dates from the
time of the Norman Conquest. The father of Matilda,
Queen of William the Conqueror, was Baldwin or
Baldwinus, Duke of Flanders. Baldewine, son' of Gil-
bert, Count of En, and grandson of Richard the Fear-
less, was one of the guardians of the youth of the
Norman William, who greatly enriched him after the
conquest, giving him 159 estates in Devon and Manors
in Dorset and Somerset. He was Lord of Devon, and
Governor of the Isle of Wight. The physician of Ed-
ward the Confessor was Baldwyn; his skill bringing
him patients even from Normandy. The popularity
of the name was greatly increased by the two knights

34 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

who reigned at Jerusalem, after the first crusade.
Baldwin was the name of five kings of Jerusalem, in
the twelfth century, and of two emperors of Constan-
tinople in the next century, and of nine counts of
Flanders in early days. All along through the ages it
has been a prominent name in English, French, and
German history.

Sir John Baldwin, knight and chief justice, received
numerous grants from Henry VIII., and it was he
who presided at the trial of Anne Boleyn.

The earliest will in the Court of Canterbury is that
of John Baldewyn, proved in 1469 by his wife Editha.
It is short, to the point, and written in Latin. The
will of another, whose name is written indifferently
Bawldwyn or Bawdewyn, leaves to the poor 24 pence,
to each godchild, 4 pence; the same to each grand-
child; 12 pence to each son, and household effects to
his daughters Cecilye and Lettys. Maidens of the
family rejoiced in quite romantic names — Nervina, for
example, and Petronilla; Dorathy also spelled Dore-
they; Deborah and Jedidah, too, appear upon family
resords. The favorite names for men are John and
Richard. Zervias and Zerviah were children of one
family. Mehitabel, Tabitha, and Vashti are other fam-
ily names.

An early American ancestor was Richard, son of
Sylvester, who died on the ship Martin, on his way
to America. Their home was Badwins, or Baldwyn's
Woods, near Aylesbury, and Sylvester was a friend of
the patriot Hampden, and also of Cromwell, both of
whom had talked of joining him when he decided to
make his home in the new world. Of the estates left
by Sylvester to his wife, Sarah, one was the Manor
of Oterarsfe, which the family had held since 1485, by
the service of furnishing grass and herbs for the king's
bed, when he came to Buckinghamshire, also the feath-
ers from his gray geese, and three eels. One of Syl-
vester's estates was indentured to a Richard Baldwin,
of Leonard's, Aston Clinton, for 1,000 years.

BALDWIN FAMILY 36

Nathaniel, Timothy, Joseph, and John were other
pilgrim fathers. John was one of the thirty-five origi-
nal proprietors of Norwich, Conn. Theophilus, of
New Milford, was captain of militia. Caleb, of Nor-
wich, a large land owner, was a major in the Revolu-
tion. Other names found on the rolls are Cornelius,
of New Jersey, surgeon; Isaac, of New Milford; Jon-
athan, colonel; Silas, surgeon; Daniel, of New Jersey,
lieutenant; Samuel, of Massachusetts, who was at Lex-
ington, and Loami, major of militia, at Concord.
Abraham was a member of the convention which formed
the Constitution of the United States. Roger Sherman
Baldwin, Governor of Connecticut, and Senator, was
son of Simeon, Mayor and Judge, who married Re-
becca, daughter of Sherman, "signer." Theophilus, of
Stonington, Conn., married Priscilla, granddaughter
of the famous Captain John Mason. Members of this
family were incorporators of the towns of Newark,
N. J., and Hillsborough, N. H.

It must be borne in mind that the family has its
writers and poets, notably Wylliam or Gulielmus Balde-
wine, of the sixteenth century, and its famous traveler,
George Baldwin. The arms reproduced are: Argent,
a chevron, ermines, between three oak leaves, clipped,
acorned, proper.

Crest: A squirrel sejant, or. This is seen upon the
tombstones of the Baldwins of Aston Clinton, and
belonged to the pilgrim Sylvester.

The squirrel is one of the emblems of alertness, and
the oak, or any part of it, of strength.

BALL FAMILY

OF SAXON DERIVATION — A POWER IN VIRGINIA AND
NEW ENGLAND FROM THE FIRST — WASHINGTON'S
GREATNESS DUE IN PART TO BALL ANCESTRY

The first mention of this name occurs in the Domes-
day Book of Exon, where a certain Vice-Comes Bal is
named as a landed proprietor. In the "Worthies of
Droon" there is an account of Sir Peter Ball, who was
skilled in the science of antiquities, and wrote several
volumes on the subject.

The "brotherhood of man" was first preached by
John Ball, Puritan divine, who was born in England
in the fourteenth century. He is mentioned by Froude,
who says that he was the moving spirit in the insur-
rection of 1381. It was another John Ball, preacher,
who once took for his text the classic (?) lines :

"When Adam delved and Eve span,
Who was then your gentleman?"

One of the heroes of the family was Major Ball, who
alone and unarmed, taking his life in his hand, went
into the forest of Ladyswood, to parley with Highland
deserters, inducing them to return to their allegiance.
Sir Alexander Ball, Admiral of the Blue, distinguished
himself at the siege of Malta, and was made governor
of the island. Half a century before, Thomas Ball
defended the castle of Salonica a year against the
Turks, and of him Mahommed, second Emperor of
the Turks, said that in the great country of the Pelo-
ponnesus he had found many heroes, but never a man
but him.

Some one of the family has said of the Balls : "They
are fond of land and learning, positive in their con-

40 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

victions, bold in utterance, independent in action, in-
telligent, patriotic, and often intensely religious."
Frances Ball, daughter of a wealthy Dublin merchant,
established no less than thirty-seven convents. Han-
nah Ball was one of Wesley's most devoted followers.
By his advice she broke off a marriage engagement
with one who was an ungodly man — from the stand-
point of the Church. This, Wesley termed an uncom-
mon instance of resolution.

Ball is a name of Saxon derivation, from bal, mean-
ing bold, also quick, swift. The first upon whom the
name was bestowed was doubtless swift, or bold, to do
and dare. De Balle is one form of the name; other
variations are Balle, Bale, Baul. and Bal. Bal is a
Belgian surname.

Ball and Balls are the present-day forms of the
name in England. Baliol and Balliol are said to be
derived from the same root.

Considering the connection of the Ball and Wash-
ington families, it is rather curious to note that
Wass, from which Washington is derived, is an old
Norse word — the original spelling was hvass — and it
means keen, bold.

One of the early settlers in this country was Francis
Ball, who came over in 1640, and helped to found
Springfield, Mass. He was a son of William Ball, of
Wiltshire, and one of six brothers, all of whom came
to seek their fortunes in the western world. All the
Massachusetts branch of Balls are descendants of
Francis and his wife, Abigail Burt, who was one of a
family of a round dozen and a half plus one — nine-
teen brothers and sisters.

It was one of this family — Martha Ball Stebbins —
who named her four daughters Martha, Mary, Mercy,
and Miriam. Apparently she liked any name provided
it began with "M." In another Ball family were the
sons and daughters equally distributed — seven each.

Ailing or Allen Ball was a New Haven settler. It
was his granddaughter who married Nathaniel Wads-

42 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

worth, a near relative of the Wadsworth whose deed
of daring in connection with the Connecticut charter,
in 1687, has often been told, for did he not put out
the lights and hide the charter in the oak tree? There
be some, however, woe betide us, who take away this
pretty tale, calling it a myth. Santa Glaus and Will-
iam Tell and other classic gentlemen are laid low,
and now the story of the Charter Oak is to go !

Edward Ball, of Branford, Ct., joined the party of
New Englanders who moved to New Jersey and helped
to build up Newark.

In the South the Balls have been a power from the
first. Washington's ancestor, Colonel William Ball,
came over about 1650, and settled in Lancaster Count}7,
where he gave the name "Millenbeck" to his estate,
and for six generations there was a William Ball of
Millenbeck. His friend and neighbor was John
Washington, grandfather of George Washington.

Colonel Ball had married, in England, Hannah
Atherall of Suffolk, and they had four children. One
was Colonel Joseph, of Epping Forest, who married
Julia Eomney, and, after her death, Mary Montague
Johnson, or the "Widow Johnson," a descendant of
the ancient and honorable house of Montague, which
was founded by Drogo de Montacuto, in the eleventh
century.

It was her daughter, Mary Ball, who married Au-
gustine, son of John Washington, and their son was
George Washington.

Mary Ball was a blue-eyed maiden — the "Rose of
Epping Forest," she was called — and the reigning
belle of the Northern Neck.

It has been said that if Washington was great, Mary
Ball was greater, for she taught him how to use his
natural, divinely implanted gifts to best advantage.
At the Yorktown ball, given after Cornwallis' surren-
der, the titled foreigner observed her with amazement.
"Is that the mother of the great chieftain whose fame
fills two hemispheres?" they asked. She wore no dia-

BALL FAMILY 43

mends, no lace, no feathers, no velvet, no brocade, only
an unadorned robe of home-made material, spotless,
but severely plain, simple in garb, but majestic, serene.

The exclamations of wonder at the simplicity of her
appearance were exchanged for the tribute: "If such
be the matrons of America, no wonder she has illus-
trious sons !"

Notwithstanding Mary Washington's placid expres-
sion, she had a high temper, although under wonderful
control. Apropos to this temper, which her son in-
herited, Lee, when dining at Mount Vernon, said to
Mrs. Martha Washington: "Gilbert Stuart says, ma-
dame, that General Washington has a prodigious tem-
per." To this she replied: "Mr. Stuart takes great
liberties with General Washington's character."

"Ah ! madame, but Mr. Stuart says he has it under
wonderful control."

The Balls were connected with many other well-
known Virginia families. In 1680 Elizabeth Ball mar-
ried Michael Musgrave, "gent." Their daughter Eliza-
beth married Ogle Riggs, of Hollist House, Sussex,
England. From their eleven children have sprung
many famous families — the Goodmans, of Philadel-
phia, British Columbia, and Canada; the Riggs, of
Massachusetts, and the Egertons, of New York. There
is romance enough in the family histories to furnish
a three-volume novel — several of them, in fact. The
artist Thomas Goodman set the pace by eloping with
Martha, daughter of Henry Riggs. By marriage with
the Halliways the Goodmans annexed a long pedigree.

Other marriage connections of the Balls include the
Lees, Jones, Youngs, Conways, Chinns, and Carnegies.

Revolutionary rolls furnish the names of scores of
Balls, and among the number are seventeen named
John. Twenty-one from New Jersey, enrolled as pri-
vates, and nine as officers, were recognized by Wash-
ington as relatives.

Several were at Valley Forge. The sword and spop-
toon of Jonathan Ball are still in existence. Of an-

44 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

other Jonathan, who was a major in the Revolution,
it is put down that he made a fine appearance on
horseback.

The coat-of-arms illustrated was brought over by
Colonel Ball, and a painting on parchment is still ex-
tant, with the colors but little faded. It is: Argent,
a lion passant, sable; on a chief of the second, three
mullets of the first.

Crest: Out of the clouds, proper, a demi-lion, ram-
pant, sable, powdered with estoiles, argent, holding a
globe, or.

Motto: Coelum tueri — "Look upward." This coat-
armor was granted 1613 to the family of Kent, Chesh-
ire, and Northampton. The arms of the Balls of New
England are the same, but the crest and motto are
different. The crest is a stag trippant; the motto,
Semper cavelo — "Always be cautious."

As if in reference to the name, the arms have much
that is bold about them — the lion rampant, and the
crest betoken strength and courage.

The mullet is one of the marks of cadency, and is
borne by the third son. The mullet was formerly sup-
posed to be the rowel of a spur, but it appeared in
heraldry before spurs were used. The points of a mul-
let are clear cut, while those of an estoile, or star, are
wavy.

A call was sent out recently to Balls, North, East,
West, South, to meet and "recount sober, honest doings
of our ancestors, their piety and loyalty, their services
to Church and State. Perhaps the Chinese overdo
reverence for ancestors, but Americans are surely at
fault for indifference to past and to parentage. Let
our forefathers be neither unhonored nor unsung."

While descent is good, says one, and we should pay
reverence to our worthy sires, ascent is better.

"Not all the blood of all the Howards

Can e'er ennoble knaves or fools or cowards."

BANCROFT FAMILY

OF ANGLO-SAXON ORIGIN — GREAT IN COURAGE, CON-
DUCT AND IN FAME

Bancroft may be a name derived from bane or
baynes, meaning white, or fair, and croft, an Anglo-
Saxon word for a small, enclosed field.

In some parts of Scotland, and the Orkney and
Shetland Isles, crofters are small holders of land.
The term is now almost wholly confined to the West-
ern Highlands.

Bancroft may mean a small, white field, as Ashcroft
means a close where ash-trees grow, and Allcroft, or
Hallcroft, an enclosure by the hall. Croft is a com-
mon termination of surnames. About the only varia-
tions of Bancroft are Bancraft and Bancreaft.

We have no records of any of the family crossing
the Channel from France. To boasts made of the
antiquity of prominent families, and that their ances-
tors came over with the Conqueror, John Bright, most
sarcastic of men where the nobility was concerned,
used to reply promptly, "I never heard that they did
anything else." We, however, are not going back on
the Conqueror's knights because the Bancroft name is
not on Battle Abbey Roll. The family is doubtless of
Anglo-Saxon origin. They flourished in Lancashire,
where Richard Bancroft, archbishop of Canterbury, or
primate of England, was born, in 1544. He was
"chief overseer," as he was called, of the authorized
version of the Bible, published 1610.

We are more concerned at present, however, with
those hardy pioneers of the new world, of the Ban-
croft name and lineage; men who bravely grappled
with the dangers and endured the hardships incident
to the new settlement; men of stout arm and cour-
ageous hearts, who were part of that life, where every

50 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEEICA

man had to make his own way, and the devil take the
hindmost.

One pilgrim father was John Bancroft of Warston-
on-Trent, Derby, of whom we know that he was mar-
ried in England before 1622; that about 1632, with
wife Jane and son Thomas, he was living in Lynn,
or Lynnfield, or Eeading, Mass., and that he died in
1637. He had another son, his namesake, John.
Thomas was in the Indian wars, with the rank of
ensign, and afterwards he was "lieutenant of the Foot
Company, of Lynn." Lieutenant Thomas was one
who believed it not good for man to be alone, and
when his first wife, Alice Bacon, of Dedham, died, or
as soon after as the proprieties permitted, he married
Elizabeth Metcalf, born in England. It has been said
— pray, let the reader pardon the repetition of the
frivolous squib — that if a man's wife is his better half,
if he marries twice there isn't anything left of him.

Ebenezer, son of Lieutenant Thomas, was also a
bold soldier boy, and in Philip's war, with the rank
of captain. He married Abigail Eaton. Some author-
ities have it that Thomas was not the son of John
and Jane, but probably their nephew, and son of
John's brother Ralph, who was also a pilgrim to the
new world. Another brother of John and Ealph,
Thomas by name, occasionally dropped into poetry, as
witness the following effusion dedicated to his brother
John:

"You sold your land the lighter pence to go
To foreign coasts, yet fate would have it so,
Did ne'er New England reach, but went with them
That journey toward New Jersualem."

There is poetic license here and to spare, for John
lived at least a few years after reaching his new home.
He and his wife and son Thomas were passengers on
the ship James, and he was possessed of 100 acres
of land at the time of his death.

Among Bancrofts who bore arms in the Conti-
nental army, and were officers, may be mentioned, Lieu-

BANCROFT FAMILY 51

tenant Samuel, of Connecticut; of Massachusetts, En-
sign William, Captain James, who died 1831; Lieu-
tenants Edmund, Lemuel and James, and Captain
Ebenezer, wounded at Bunker Hill.
. The Rev. Aaron Bancroft, of Massachusetts, a Har-
vard graduate, a minute man at Lexington and Bunker
Hill, is not only remembered for his patriotic services,
but also because he wrote a "Life of Washington," and
was the father of George Bancroft, the historian. This
line traces directly back to Lieutenant Thomas the first,
the tetter's son, Thomas, being the great-great-grand-
father of George. Thomas has always been a favorite
name, a name which seemed to bestow good luck, for
all bearing it made their mark in the world, and are
making it.

George Bancroft was not only the historian of his
country, but a statesman as well. He was representa-
tive at both the courts of St. James and Berlin, where
he was a persona grata. The Emperor William I. gave
him a portrait of himself, inscribed, "To his friend, in
remembrance of the years 1867-74." George Bancroft
was also collector of the port of Boston, and Secretary
of the Navy during Folk's administration. The his-
torian of the Pacific Coast, as he is called, is Herbert
Howe Bancroft, born in Ohio, but of old Massachu-
setts stock. Another is Edward Bancroft, born in 1744,
in Westfield, Mass. He was a friend of Benjamin
Franklin.

Bancroft marriage connections include families of
Websters, Nichols, Parkers, Hartshornes, Deweys,
Waldos, Fosters, Tarbells, Daniels and Ives. Poring
over family data we find in the records some interesting
stories. One has to do with Thanksgiving Day, and a
certain year when its celebration was postponed indefi-
nitely, or until ships could arrive from the West
Indies, with molasses for the pumpkin pies. Those were
the days of the parish clerk, who "sells epitaphs of all
sorts and prices. Shaves neat, and plays the bassoon.
Teeth drawn and the weekly newspaper read gratis

52 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

every Wednesday morning at nine." Specimen epitaph
on wife:

"My wife, ten years, not much to my ease,
But now she is dead in coelo quies.
Great variety to be seen within."

The coat-of-anns illustrated, is ascribed to John Ban-
croft, the Lynn pilgrim of 1632. It is blazoned: Or,
on a bend, between six cross-crosslets, azure, three garbs
(or wheat sheaves) of the first.

Crest: A garb between two wings expanded, or.

Motto : Dat Deus incrementum.

Arms nearly identical are blazoned by Burke as
granted, 1604, to the Bancrofts of London.

Garb or garbe always means a sheaf of wheat. When
of any other grain it is so stated, as "a garb of oats."

BRADFORD FAMILY

BRADFOKD FAMILY

FROM YORKSHIRE, AND IN THE MAYFLOWER — THE
FAMOUS GOVERNOR, FATHER OF AMERICAN HIS-
TORY— PROGENITOR OF A LONG LINE

Bradford is a name derived from the Saxon word,
bradenford, meaning broad ford, and is an ancient
name.

It belongs to the class called local surnames. That
is, some individual, at some time, resided at some broad
ford of some stream. In due time he was called by
the name of that locality, Broad Ford, which, in time,
became Bradford.

Other forms of the name, appearing in ancient rec-
ords, are Bradfurth, Bradfourth and Bretfoort.

There is a town in Wiltshire, on the Avon, called
Bradford, and another in Yorkshire.

Governor Bradford, of Mayflower fame, was from
Yorkshire, the town of Austerfield, and his home there
is still in good repair. About two miles distant is
the cottage of Elder William Brewster, another famous
pioneer. The two houses are at present on the mar-
ket, or such was the case, and offered for less than
$2,000. It is hoped that they will be purchased and
kept as memorials.

William Bradford was "father to all the colonies of
New England, father of American history and progen-
itor of more than 50,000 American people." His his-
tory of the colony, so long missing, is now the only
authority for many transactions of the Pilgrims. As
he lived the history of the times, he wrote it.

All the councils of the colony were held at his house,
at the top of Burial Hill, and each Sunday the com-
pany of worshippers, who assembled there, marched in
procession up the steep ascent to the fort at its top,
where religious services were held.

58 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEEICA

When the Crown of England gave this colony of
Plymouth a patent for land, the paper was drawn in
the name of William Bradford and his heirs, which
gave him the ownership of the whole, but he generously
surrendered it into the hands of the company.

He was a weaver, or fustian worker. The banns of
marriage, published at Leyden, Holland, between him-
self and Dorothea, or Dorothy May, are dated Novem-
ber 15, 1613 ; in it, his name appears as William Bret-
foort. His wife never touched foot to Plymouth soil,
for she was accidentally drowned December 7, 1620, in
Cape Cod Harbor. The story has it, that she fell over-
board. Her death is the first recorded in the history
of New England.

The Governor's second wife was a widow, Mrs. Alice
Carpenter Southworth.

The inventory of the Governor's estate makes cheer-
ful reading, if it may be so expressed. We think of our
Mayflower ancestors living lives of Spartan simplicity
in homes where furniture, to say nothing of luxuries,
was conspicuous by its absence; but the Governor had
not only "linnin" and silver spoons and brasses and
pewter, and carved "chaires," and three striped carpets,
ten "cushens," three old "cushens," but cows and sheep
and horses and clothes. Yes, certainly clothes enough
for a gay cavalier. He must have been the Beau Brum-
mel of the colony. There were cloaks by the score,
some violet-colored, and coats lined with "taffety," and
silver buttons, and like Bobby Shafto, silver buckles
for the knee.

Nor was he a gentleman whose every thought — that
is, every other thought — was given to clothes. He had
books, 275 in all, a goodly showing for the times.
"Luther on the Gallations" was one and "Calvin on
Genisis" another. This doesn't sound so "cheerful" as
the furniture !

It is stated that William Bradford's educational
advantages were limited, but he so applied himself to
study that he became proficient in French, Dutch, Ger-

BRADFORD FAMILY 59

man, Latin and Greek. He also learned enough Hebrew
"to enable him to see with his own eyes the ancient
oracles of God in their native beauty."

He is interred at Burial Hill, the only one of the
Mayflower pilgrims whose resting place is definitely
known. His son, William, was commander-in-chief of
the Plymouth forces in Philip's war, and, next to Miles
Standish, the chief military man of the colony.

His son, Major John, bequeaths to his descendants
eligibility to membership in societies of colonial wars
and a double Mayflower heritage, for his wife was
Mercy Warren, granddaughter of Richard, of the May-
flower.

William Bradford, printer and pilgrim, born in
Leicestershire in 1660, came to America with Penn.
After a few years he removed from Philadelphia to
New York and started the Gazette, the first newspaper
established there. For fifty years he was government
or royal printer.

For an almanac, printed by him in 1686, he offers a
few apologies in the preface: "Some irregularities
there be, which I desire you to pass over, this year. My
materials were misplaced, and out of order, and I have
been forced to use figures and letter of various sizes."

Apropos of Bradford, it may be mentioned that the
Historical Society of New York City has just been
presented with a letter written by him — an exception-
ally fine specimen. The society possesses very com-
plete files of the Gazette and a number of early imprints
of Bradford, but never before was it fortunate enough
to secure a letter of the famous printer. The letter
was written in 1724 to Captain Denne.

Bradford is buried in Trinity churchyard. About
forty years ago his monument was restored.

The Bradfords have their Revolutionary sires. Ga-
malial, of Duxbury, Mass., and his son of the same
name, fought side by side.

Brave and valiant Bradfords, of the English branch,
were General Sir Thomas, knight of the Great Cross

60 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

of the Bath, and his brother, Lieutenant Colonel Sir
Henry, who received his death wound at Waterloo.

Besides its pioneers, governors and warriors, the fam-
ily has its martyr — John Bradford, a celebrated
preacher of St. Paul's Cathedral, a friend of Ridley and
Cranmer, "sealed his opposition to papal bigotry at the
fiery stake."

Every one knows the story of Deborah Sampson,
but perhaps it is not recalled that she was of Bradford
lineage. She was granddaughter to Elisha and Bath-
sheba Bradford, of the Duxbury family. Deborah,
under the name of Robert Shurtleff, served three years
as private in the Revolution. She was in many engage-
ments, and it is recorded that she always behaved "man-
fully"— this was showing her Bradford spirit. When
about fifty years of age, or in 1784, she married Ben-
jamin Gannett.

The arms reproduced are: Argent, on a fesse, sable,
three stag's heads, erased, or.

Crests: (1) A stag's head, erased, or; (2) A double-
headed eagle, displayed.

Motto : Fier et sage — "Proud and wise."

These are the arms ascribed to William, Mayflower
pilgrim, and it is said that they may be seen in the
little Norman Church at Austerfield, where Bradford
was baptized. His seal was a double-headed eagle. This
is shown at Pilgrim's Hall, Plymouth; also a photo-
graph of the arms, the photograph being made from
the coat-of-arms embroidered by the great-granddaugh-
ter of the Governor.

A letter in his clear, beautiful hand is also a treas-
ured relic. The seal shows the double-headed eagle and
his signature, "Wm. Bradford, governor."

Burke's Peerage gives several arms for Bradford
families. Samuel, Bishop of Rochester, Dean of West-
minster and Chaplain to William III. and Queen Anne,
bore the arms here reproduced.

Other heraldic charges for the Bradfords are the
lion, wolf, peacock and the buglehorn.

BROOKS FAMILY

AMONG FOUNDERS OF NEW ENGLAND — SOUTHERN
BRANCH TRACES TO BROOKE OF BROOKE MANOR —
ONE WAS COLONIAL GOVERNOR

If Mr. Brooks, Brook, or Brooke wants to vary the
spelling of his name — and variety is the spice of life,
although a trite saying — let him write it Brockx or
Broeckx.

He has only to go back a few centuries, say to 1,000,
and he will find that his grandfather of that day and
generation, was either Broeckx, or Brucksch, or Brucks,
or Bruksch, or Brocks. That is, if he came from Ger-
many or Holland. If he was a plain Anglo-Saxon
gentleman, he was John Brok, Esq. Or he was Broke or
Broc, or de Broc, or de la Broc, or de la Brok, or del
Broke.

William de Doylo del Broke is a name down in the
records of the time of King John. Alice de la Broke
is a name we also find about this period.

The name was probably ate-Broc, originally, at atte-
Broc, or attenbroke, meaning near a brook. That is,
one living near a brook. Attenbroke became in time
A-Broke, which in time became plain Brook. Abrook
is also responsible for Addenbrooke.

Present day forms of the name are Brook, Brooks
and Brooke. It is impossible to ring many changes
on the name.

Ralph Brooke, York Herald, 1596, is said to have
lived near the mouth of a brook, and he was at first
Brokesmouth, but changed it to a simpler and saner
form. Brooker and Brookman are other variations of
the name derived from brook.

The family has long been seated at Whitchurch,
Hampshire, England. At the Brooke house, King
Charles I. spent a night. "The night of October 18,
1644, the King lay at Whitchurch, at Mr. Brooke's
house."

64 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

In the library at Baltimore, Md., is a photograph of
the monument erected to the memory of Thomas
Brooke of Whitchurch, and his wife Susan, daughter
of Sir Thomas Forster. The father of Thomas Brooke
was Richard, "gent," who married, 1552, Elizabeth
Tioyne, heiress of the Manor of Fosburg.

The epitaph of Richard reads:
"This grave of griefs hath swallowed up, with wide and

open mouth,

The bodie of good Richard Brooke of Whitchurch,
Hampshire, south."

Who were the first of the name in the new world?
Gilbert Brooks, who came over in the good ship Bless-
ing, was one of the founders of Scituate, Mass., where
his name is found in the records of 1635. Henry
Brooks was a selectman of Woburn, 1649. He had the
luck to get two wives — not two at one time, however,
let it be distinctly stated. Number one was Susanna;
number two, Annis Jaquith.

This is probably the Henry Brooks, who came from
Scotland and landed at Boston 1630.

Thomas Brooks or Brooke, who came from Suffolk
or Cheshire, England, was admitted freeman of Water-
town, Mass., December 7, 1636. He was deputy to
the general court; captain of militia, and one of the
founders of Concord. Land owned by him at Medford
is said to be still in possession of his descendants.
Thomas married Susanna Atkinson, and John, Gov-
ernor of Massachusetts, was of this lineage; also
Charles, one of the founders of Acton, Mass., and also
Lieutenant Daniel.

Robert Brooks, with his wife Ann, and a half-dozen,
more or less, children, came from Kent, in the Her-
cules, 1635. Another Robert of the Plymouth colony
married Elizabeth, daughter of Governor Edward Wins-
low.

The Maryland family of Brooks, or Brooke, as the
name more frequently occurs in colonial times, was
founded by Robert, son of Thomas and Susan Forster

66 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Brooke. In 1649, Lord Baltimore commissioned him
"commander of a new county in Maryland, with full
powers" — or acting-governor. "Our well-beloved Rob-
ert Brooke," he is called. Brooke of de la Brooke he
was styled; Brook Place Manor was the name of his
home on the Patuxent. "Robert the gentleman" was
another title. His son Robert was Knight of the Golden
Horse Shoe. Another son was Captain, afterwards
Major, Thomas, a member of the house of burgesses.
His son, Colonel Thomas of Brookfield, Prince George
County, was governor of the province, 1720.

It is easy enough for the Brooks, that is certain
branches of the family, to establish their eligibility to
membership with the Society of Colonial Wars, for
their forebears were among the brave defenders of home
and country.

For example, Eleazer Brooks, born at Concord,
Mass., 1727, was captain of militia, 1773. He was also
a soldier of the Revolution, and the close of the war
left him with the rank of brigadier-general. John,
who was afterwards governor of Massachusetts, helped
to fortify Breeds' Hill, on the evening of June 16,

1775, and he had been at the battles of Lexington, and
Concord, a minute man. Others of the Massachusetts
family were Lieutenants Zachariah and Caleb.

The New Jersey Brooks were represented by Ser-
geant Almarin; the Pennsylvania family, by Adjutant
John and David, lieutenant of the Flying Camp, July,

1776. Lieutenant Francis of the Virginia family was
an intimate of Washington. His brother George was
brevetted for bravery in the war of 1812. Commodore
Walter Brooke at the close of the Revolution purchased
a plantation near Mt. Vernon, to which he gave the
name "Retirement," and it was for his son, Taliaferro,
that Washington ordered, through Lafayette, a mon-
ument made in Paris.

Besides its statesmen and soldiers, the family has
its men of letters, its women, too, who were bright and
shining literary lights. Charles Shirley Brooks —

BEOOKS FAMILY 67

"dear old Shirley" — was a friend of Thackeray, and one
of the editors of Punch. Henry Brooke was poet and
novelist, much esteemed by Pope. Charles Timothy
Brooks, born at Salem, Mass., 1813, was a writer and
preacher. An anecdote is told of his school days. He
was never found playing truant, but so devoted to his
books that one day even when badly hurt, by an acci-
dent, he would not stay at home. He "must" go to
school. His father, therefore, was obliged "to harness
up the horse and take Charles Timothy to school in
the chaise." As a preacher, he raised his voice against
slavery. After one strong anti-slavery sermon, one of
his congregation approached him, and said, "I have long
felt that you must go, I am now certain of it !"

"Sir, I have my hat in my hand," was the reply.

Another gentleman of the Brooks family, who felt
strongly on the subject of the freedom of the slaves,
was James, born in Maine. He married a widow of
Richmond, Va., Mrs. Mary Randolph, but first "re-
quired" her to free her slaves. He was the founder of
the New York paper, the Express.

"Maria del Occidente," as Southey called her, was
Maria Gowan Brooks — a Brooks by marriage. Mar-
riage connections of the Brooks family include the Por-
ters, Richardson, Hobarts and Goodhues of New Eng-
land; the Bealls, Howards, Balches of the South. Ju-
dith, sister of Chief Justice Marshall, married George
Brooke of the Maryland family.

Characteristics of the Brooks are fertile imaginations ;
much critical acumen; simplicity of manner, united to
cordiality, and an abundant share of wit and wisdom.

The coat-of-arms illustrated, is that of Henry
Brooks, of Boston, 1630. It is blazoned: Sable, three
escallops, or.

Crest: A beaver, passant.

Motto: Perseverando — "By persevering."

As to its heraldic significance, an escallop or sheD
was a token of the crusades, and one of the Popes made
a decree that it should be a charge borne only by the

68 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

truly noble — noble by birth or character. It was later
granted as a cognizance to those who had gained sig-
nal victories, and therefore denoted a successful com-
mander. The escallop was par excellence the pilgrim's
badge, and was worn on the hat or hood. The beaver
is an emblem of industry and perseverance. Sable sig-
nifies constancy, and or generosity.

BROWN FAMILY

BKOWN FAMILY

DESCENDED FROM A "WORTHY" OF ENGLAND — NAME OF
FRENCH DERIVATION — ON BATTLE ABBEY EOLL

As to the spelling of this name, in most early rec-
ords it had the final "e," — now the letter is usually
omitted. The name is of Saxon derivation, from brun.

Among the first of whom we have records is Sir
Anthony Browne (don't omit the "e"). He was stand-
ard bearer of England, and ancestor of the Viscounts
Montague. The story is that Henry VIII. gave the
famous "Battel" Abbey to him. He, or his descend-
ants, sold it and all its belongings to Sir Thomas Web-
ster, and the original Battle Abbey Eoll was probably
burned when the Webster mansion, near the abbey, was
destroyed by fire, 1793.

It should be of interest to the Browns to know that
Leland's copy of the Eoll, made from the original, has
the name Brown, which name also occurs in most
copies of the Eoll. It is the English spelling of the
French Brun.

Sir Anthony Browne died in 1568, and was suc-
ceeded in the title by his son, who was created the
first Viscount Montague. He married Jane, daughter
of the Earl of Sussex, and after her death, Margaret,
daughter of Lord Dacre.

One of the "worthies of England" was the eldest son
of Christopher Brown, of Hawkedom, Suffolk county,
one of "the ancient Brown family." The "worthy,"
for services rendered to the king, could "appear with
his head covered in presence of the king, his heirs and
successors, and of all great men, lords spiritual and
temporal, and all other persons, whomsoever, of the
kingdom."

This branch of the family claims Stamford, in Lin-
colnshire, as one home. The Browns have been seated
there four hundred years and more.

72 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

One of the principal ornaments of Stamford is All
Saints' Church. This was built by John Brown, who,
with his wife, is buried there. A steeple was added
to the church by their son William. A brass plate com-
memorates the fact and records that William Brown was
a merchant of a "very wonderful richness." He was
also alderman, sheriff and the founder of a hospital
bearing the name. This was built in 1493 and liberally
endowed by the founder. It is still flourishing, and in
the chapel may be seen the marble figures of William
Brown and his wife, he in a long gown and she in
elegantly flowing robes, with a dog at her feet.

A certain Captain Pelig Brown furnishes the romance
for the family. Wounded at the battle of Naseby, he
was carried into a nearby castle, where in true mediaeval
fashion of the most approved sort, he was nursed by
the daughter and heiress of the house, and loved and
married her. Her dowry was gold untold.

While we cannot say that our United States of
America was founded and built up entirely by the
Browns, we can say, and no one dare contradict us, that
the Browns were a power to reckon with from the
beginning.

Peter Brown was one of the signers of the Mayflower
compact. John Brown (the first and original John
Brown) came from Lincoln, England, and settled down
in Boston, 1632, or what was going to be Boston. He
may be the John Brown, "merchant and rich capital-
ist," who married Dorothy, and had John, James and
Mary. Through James, his heirs may trace back to the
immortal Mayflower, for he married Mary, daughter of
John Howland, a Mayflower signer. Mary, daughter of
John Brown, married Thomas Willett, the first mayor
of New York City, after England had expelled the
Dutch.

Two of the proprietors of Sudbury, Mass., were
Thomas Brown and his brother, Rev. Edmund, born
at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. They came over in
1637, and it was at their suggestion that Sudbury was

BKOWX

74 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

thus called. Edmund was the first minister of the
town, and one of the distinguished clergymen of the
time. He was apparently a man of property, for he
owned 300 acres and called his place "Brunswick." His
home was of ample dimensions, and he had a library
of nearly 200 volumes. To Harvard he bequeathed
$500.

The grounds of Brown University, Providence, R. I.,
comprise a large portion of the property of Chad
Brown, who came over, with wife Elizabeth and sons,
in the Martin, 1638. He was a surveyor.

Of one forefather it was said that "he suffered much
from scruples in divers matters." That he had four
wives is also recorded, and we are left to draw our
own inferences.

John, a descendant of Christopher of Hawkedom,
and born about 1601, arrived in 1632, and settled at
Watertown, Conn.

Another immigrant Brown was George, who was born
in Leicestershire in 1643. In 1679 he received a patent
of land in Bucks county, Penn., from Sir Edmund
Andre, the American agent of the Duke of York.

Apropos to the story handed down in the family, it
is said (anything can be said, do you say?) that there
is a matter of a million dollars awaiting Sir Anthony's
heirs, locked up somewhere in England. Every heir, of
course, is glad to know that this sum is under lock
and key. "And the key in the bottom of a bottomless
well?" A few years ago an association of Brown
heirs, or would-be heirs, was formed in this country,
to look into the matter, and it is safe to say that old
records have been pretty thoroughly overhauled, but the
money is not yet a tangible Brown asset. The heirs in
America are the descendants of William and George
Brown, younger brothers of Sir Anthony, and immi-
grants.

The Browns, ever ready to respond to their country's
call to arms, were in the "Lexington Alarm," and at
Bunker Hill. Of the Massachusetts family, officers in

BROWN FAMILY 75

the Revolution may be named, Ensign Benjamin, Lieu-
tenant Abijah, and Major Andrew; of the Connecticut
branch, Sergeant Bryant and Lieutenant Bezaleel; of
the Pennsylvania branch, Lieutenant Alexander; of
Delaware, Lieutenant Caleb, and of South Carolina,
Lieutenant Charles.

General Jacob Brown, who won his spurs in the war
of 1812, was born in Pennsylvania in 1775. At the
time of his death he was commander-in-chief of the
army. His portrait now hangs in the City Hall, New
York, and when he visited that city at the close of
the war he was a much-feted hero, the lion of the day,
and the freedom of the town was offered to him. It
has been said of him, that no enterprise he undertook
ever failed.

The illustrated coat-of-arms is blazoned: Per bend,
argent and sable, three mascles, in bend, counter-
changed.

Crest: A stork's head couped, between two wings,
argent.

Motto: Appendre a mourir.

This coat-armor is ascribed to Christopher Brown,
of Watertown, Mass. The arms given to John Brown,
of Boston, is probably the oldest coat-of-arms. It is:
Argent, two lions, passant, in pale, sable. To Thomas,
of Concord, and his heirs forever, is given arms : Sable,
three lions, passant, bendways, between two double
cotises, argent.

Crest: A buck's head, erased, proper, attired, and
ducally gorged, or.

Motto: Follow Reason. The family of South Caro-
lina bears the same arms as Thomas and his heirs.

The Pennsylvania family bears arms: Gules, on a
chevron, between three leopard's heads, cabossed, argent,
as many escallops, azure.

Crest : Out of a mural coronet, gules, a crane's head,
erased, ermine, charged on the neck with an escallop,
azure.

Motto: Verum atque decens — "True and decent."

76 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

The arms of Thomas of Concord is cut upon a stone,
enscribed "Browne, 1772," at Copp's Hill Burying
Ground, formerly called the Old North Burying
Ground, Boston. It was the second one established in
the town, and was used for interments as early as 1660.

The names of many illustrious dead are seen here.
At Salem, Mass., may also be seen a stone to the mem-
ory of a "Brown, 1687," with the arms, of the three
lions.

Among hatchments preserved is one of the family
of Brown, of Pennsylvania. It displays the three leop-
ards. This is interesting to show that hatchments were
in use here in colonial days. They were armorial bear-
ings, borne within a lozenge, and placed upon the front
of a house, where a death had occurred.

GARY FAMILY

LINEAGE TRACES BACK TO BELTED EARLS — NAME IN
DOMESDAY BOOK — FOUNDERS OF TOWNS — REPRE-
SENTATIVES IN EVERY WAR — COAT-ARMOR GRANT-
ED FOR VALOR ON BATTLEFIELD

In Domesday Book, under date of 1198, Karie of
Torr Abbey is a tenant-in-chief. The name also appears
in ancient records as Kari and Karry. An Adam de
Karry, or Kari, 1170, was lord of Castle Karry in Som-
erset, and the Carys of Devonshire are regarded as of
the same branch. In 1270 the name appears as de
Karry; by the next century the "de" has disappeared
and Carey or Gary becomes the correct orthography.
For the last hundred years, Gary has been the most
common form.

Carew is considered by some authorities as one and
the same name as Carey, and the story is told of two
Walter Carews, members, at the same time, of the
House of Commons, that it was proposed one should
be called Carey, to present embarrassing situations,
and to end the confusion between

"What Care I

and
What Care You."

The history of one branch of the Gary family, in
America, begins with Colonel Wilson Myles Gary, son
of John, and grandson of William Gary, lord mayor of
Bristol, 1611. Myles received a grant of 3,000 acres
in Westmoreland, Va., 1654. "Colonel" was the title
he brought with him, and "Major" the one that he
earned here. His tombstone at Gary's quarters, in
Warwick, bears the coat-of-arms herewith illustrated.
His wife was Alice, daughter of Henry Hobson, alder-
man of Bristol, and they had four sons and three
daughters. One son, Colonel Myles, or Miles, married
Mary, daughter of Colonel Wm. Willson of Hampton.

82 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Miles, the immigrant, who came over perhaps as
early as 1640, certainly by 1650, was member of the
king's council, under Berkeley. This line claims as an-
cestor Sir Wm. Gary, who fell at Tewksbury, 1471. His
son, Sir Thomas, married a granddaughter of the Duke
of Somerset ; their son, Sir William Gary, married Mary,
sister of Anne Boleyn, queen. Henry Gary, their son,
was Lord Hunsdon, the 'Tionest courtier" of Elizabeth's
reign.

The Carys formerly held two earldoms — Monmouth
and Dover — and the barony of Hunsdon, and Henry
Carey, born 1622, was the first Viscount Falkland.

In New England, John Gary's name is found in
Plymouth records, 1634, the year of his arrival. He
helped found Duxbury and Bridgewater, and in 1656
he was constable of the last named place, the first and
only officer of the town that year. From 1657 till his
death, 1681, he was town clerk. According to tradition,
he was the first teacher of Latin in the Plymouth Col-
ony.

His sons and grandsons, like himself, were founders
of towns in New England; they were also pioneers in
Pennsylvania. The society of "The John Carey De-
scendants" keeps green the family name by annual
reunions and two years ago erected a handsome marker
at West Bridgewater, on the site of John the pilgrim's
home. John's wife was Elizabeth Godfrey, and their
children numbered twelve. One daughter, Mehitable,
married, for her second husband, Miles Standish, of
the Mayflower Standish line, and the lineage is a
pretty good one all around.

Kinship is claimed with the Grants, through the
marriage, 1762, of Samuel Gary, descendant of John
the first, to Deliverance Grant, of the family to which
General Grant traced back. Virginia marriage connec-
tions include the Page, Carter, Lee and Fairfax fami-
lies. The wife of the eighth Lord Fairfax was Elizabeth
Gary, of the Myles Gary line.

CAEY FAMILY 83

Since the first Carys of Plymouth and Virginia
shouldered arms at their country's call, the family has
been represented in every war. Officers of the Amer-
ican Revolution included Ensign Josiah and Lieutenant
Jonathan of Massachusetts; Lieutenant Samuel and
Quartermaster Obed of Virginia. One of the Virginia
family was on Washington's staff.

Lieutenant Jonathan is, perhaps, the "Capt." Jona-
than buried at Copp's Hill, 1801, whose wife was Eliza-
beth Proctor. He was fourth in descent from James
Gary, who was of the same family as Myles of Virginia.
James was town clerk of Charlestown, Mass., about
1640. He married Eleanor Hawkins.

Characteristics of the Carys are patriotic self-devotion
and single-mindedness. What has been said of one,
may also be said of many of the family,

" , a friend to Truth ; of soul sincere,

In action faithful, and in honor clear."

The family has more than its share of learned men.
The best translation ever made of Dante is that of
Henry Francis Gary, who is buried in Westminster
Abbey by the side of Britain's most honored dead.
Another Henry Gary was a poet and musician, and en-
joys the distinction of having been the author of "God
Save the King," written about 1740.

The coat-of-arms illustrated is blazoned: Argent, on
a bend, sable, three roses of the field, leaved vert.

Crest: A swan, wings elevated, proper.

Motto : Virtute excerptse — "Conspicuous for bravery,"
or "By valor gained."

This is the coat-armor of the Virginia and Massa-
chusetts Carys, although Myles, of Virginia, had a dif-
ferent motto ; two mottoes indeed are blazoned with his
coat-of-arms, viz., Comme je trouve, and Sine Deo carco.
Hope and joy are symbolized by the roses, and learning
by the swan.

The story of the three white roses of the Carys and
the motto, Virtute excerptae, is that they were bestowed

84 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

upon Sir Robert Gary, by Henry V., 1413, for valor

displayed upon the battlefield.
"Let each one who bears the Gary name,
Remember whence his shield and motto came.
All that the family have by valor gained,
Must by the sons be valiantly maintained.
Then take the shield ; go forward to the fight ;
Guard well the roses; may their silvery light
Shine on brave deeds, performed for truth and right."

CONWAY FAMILY

COX WAY

CONWAY FAMILY

ANCESTORS INCLUDE MANY WORSHIPFUL SIRES —
LARGE LAND OWNERS — A PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES OF CONWAY LINEAGE

Conaway and Conwaye are perhaps the only variants
of this name. The derivation is from "con/* a Celtic
word, meaning head or chief, and "wy," a river. Conwy
is therefore the first form of the name. The change
to Conway or Conaway was an euphonic one. In North
Wales there is a river and a town called Conway, and
from this the family probably took its name.

Sir Edward Conwaye was knighted 1596 for prowess
in Spain, where he was deputy Governor. He was
Baron Conway of Eagley, Warwick, and Viscount Con-
way of "Conwa Castell," in Wales.

Sir Edward married Dorathe, heiress of Sir John
Tracy. Lord Conway of Kagley was a friend of Penn,
and also of Henry More, a Platonist, who spent much
of his time at Ragley, which he called a centre of devo-
tion, and a paradise of peace and piety. Lady Conway
was said to be a sister of the Earl of Nottingham.

Lancaster and Spotsylvania counties, Virginia, have
always been strongholds of the Conways.

Edwin Conway, or Edwyn Conaway, as he wrote his
name, came to Virginia, 1640, from Worcestershire,
England. Connaway was another way he spelled his
name. He married in England, Martha Eltonhead of
Eltonhead. His second wife was a sister or near rela-
tive of John Carter of the well-known Carter family.

Descendants of this line of Conways have it all their
own way, when seeking admission to patriotic societies,
for the family, amongst them, held in turn every office
within the gift of the people.

Edwin was the third clerk of Northampton county,
and while he wrote a bad hand, very bad indeed, "it was
not as bad as Thomas Cooke's" — another clerk. Edwin

90 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

died in Lancaster county, 1675. Clerk of the county
for fifty years, was the record of John Moncure Con-
way.

Edwin was a large land owner. His son Edwin,
born 1654, married two wives — Sara Fleete and Eliza-
beth Thompson — and from Edwin and Elizabeth de-
scend President of the United States, James Madison.

"Nellie" Conway — or Eleanor Rose Conway, as some
historians call her — of the fourth generation from Ed-
win, pilgrim father, and daughter of Francis Conway,
married, when eighteen years old, Colonel James Mad-
ison; their son was the President. She died at "Mont-
pelier," 1829 — lacking but two years to round out her
century.

Martha Thompson, who married James Taylor, was
the mother of Frances Taylor, who married Ambrose
Madison, grandfather of the President. This is the
Taylor family that gave another President to the
United States.

Eltonhead Conway — not a son, if you please, but
daughter of Edwin, married Henry Thacker, who was
clerk of the Virginia council. The Thackers were large
land owners in Virginia, and Colonel Edwin Thacker,
born 1695, was a burgess, Sheriff of Middlesex county,
and vestryman of Christ Church.

Colonel Edwin, of the third generation, was promi-
nent in state and church, and a member of the house of
burgesses, for many years. He was born in Lancaster
county, and married Anne Ball, half sister of Mary
Ball, mother of Washington.

The marriage papers of Anne Conway, daughter of
Colonel Edwin, preserved in Virginia archives, are
interesting documents. Her father's consent to her
marriage is given in a paper of some length, and the
seal displays the arms, of which an illustration is here-
with given. Some one has written of this coat-armor,
"It indicates a branch of Lord Conwa/s family, re-
planted and grown to another tree, and requiring arms
of its own for legal purposes."

CONWAY FAMILY 91

Another family of Conways, not descended from Ed-
win of Lancaster, was also in Virginia. The two
families are said to have a common origin. Edwin of
Lancaster descended from the Lords Conway, who traced
back to that Edward Conway who married Anne, daugh-
ter and heiress of Richard Burdet, of Warwick. One
of the king's commissioners for Virginia, 1609-20, was
Sir Edward Conway, and associated with him was Cap-
tain Thomas Conway, perhaps his brother. Two of
the name, and brothers, who settled in North Carolina,
were related to the Marquis of Hertford.

The Pennsylvania branch of the family claim William
Conway, born in the Vale of the Clwyd, Wales. He
came to America before 1770, and was in the Revo-
lution. He married Ruth Adams, born in Pennsyl-
vania. Of this line were Dr. Thomas Conway and
William, who married Isabella Armour, of Irish de-
scent.

New England also had its Conways, one William
Conway, born in Camden, Maine, 1802, was a sailor,
for twoscore years, but whether he is to be reckoned
with as a forefather, is not down in black and white.

Always and forever patriots, the Conways gave to
the Revolution Lieutenant Joseph, a near relation of
Nellie Conway Madison ; Lieutenant James and General
Henry, who received for his services from the state of
Virginia, 4,666 2-3 acres of land. New Jersey's repre-
sentative was Lieutenant-Colonel John Conway.

Among marriage connections of the Southern branch
of the Conways, are the families of Fitzhughs, Black-
wells, Stanards and Spanns, also the Daniels. The
mother of Moncure D. Conway, author, was Margaret
Daniel, granddaughter of Thomas Stone, one of the
signers of the Declaration of Independence. It was
Moncure Conway who was among the first to advocate
the introduction of free schools in Virginia.

Some branches of the Conways claim royal descent,
tracing back to Edward I., through the Byrds, Bever-
leys and Nevilles.

92 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

One Conway will directs that forty shillings be paid
"Mr. David Currie if he will read my burial. I would
not have a funeral sermon."

There must have been a black sheep — just one, that's
all — among the Conways, for one father cuts his son
off with the traditional shilling.

The coat-of-arms illustrated is that of the Conways
who trace back to Virginia forefathers. It is blazoned :
Sable, on a bend, argent, cotised ermine, a rose, gules,
between two annulets of the last.

Crest: A Moor's head, side-faced, proper, banded
around the temples, argent and azure.

Motto : Fide et amore — "By fidelity and love." This
is also the motto of the Hearts, Gardens and Diceys.

The arms of the Eltonheads are : Quarterly ; per f esse
indented argent and sable; in the second quarter, three
plates.

DICKINSON FAMILY

Dicfiitson

DICKINSON FAMILY

BELIEVED TO BE OF FRENCH ORIGIN — ONE FOREFATHER
CAME OVER IN WINTHROP'S FLEET — JOHN THE
PATRIOT DRAFTED EESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY CON-
GRESS OF 1765

From Dickinson to de Caen looks a far cry. Yet
there be those who say that the name Dickinson origi-
nated in just this way. One who lived at Caen, France,
removing to another part of the world, was said to be
"of," or "from Caen," "de Caen," and this some one's
son was "de Caen's son." To-day de Caen's son is
"Mr. Dickinson."

Can anything be simpler? Like many another prob-
lem, it's so easy when you know how !

"Know how what?" Perhaps some one asks — ele-
gance of diction going by the board, for the time.
" 'Know how* to evolve a surname." This tradition
regarding its origin is authorized by those who ought
to know. "Ought to know better," perhaps you say.

Very well, then, if this is not a satisfactory theory,
there are others, but it seems to be generally considered
a fact that the family came originally from France;
that a Walter from Caen, called Walter de Caen, went
over with the Conqueror, and to him William gave the
manor of Kenson in Yorkshire. Thus Walter de Ken-
son. In 1260, a John Dykonson of Yorkshire, a de-
scendant of Walter, married Margaret Lambert.

Names found in old records about this time are Will-
iam Dykenson, Hugh Dykensonne, Anthoyne Dicken-
sonne. About the end of the fourteenth century the
name was generally spelled Dickenson. In 1430 the
mayor of Hull, Thomas of this line, spelled it with an
"i" — Dickinson. Kenson Mahon, Yorkshire, was owned
by the family as late as 1475, when a Hugh Dickinson
was lord of the manor. Another seat of the Dickinsons
was Bradley Hall, Staffordshire.

98 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

The lord mayor of London, 1757, was named Dicon-
son. A noted pastoral poet of the sixteenth century
was John Dickenson.

Something more, however, is left to be said regarding
the origin of the name. The son of Diccon, may easily
become Dickonson, and Diccon or Dicon is nickname
for Dick, which in turn is of course the nickname for
Richard. Dignon or Digon are other names evolved
from Richard, from which Dickinson may come, more
or less directly.

Nathaniel is a pilgrim, who came over in 1630, in
Winthrop's fleet. He was first at Salem, removing to
Wethersfield in 1635, where his sons, John, Joseph and
Thomas, were born. His wife was Anna Gull. He is
also said to have owned property, and to have lived at
Hadley, and was assessor and town magistrate. An-
other immigrant was Obadiah, of Hartford. The pil-
grims, who made homes in Pennsylvania, Maryland
and Virginia, were Walter, Henry and John, brothers
possibly. They came from London, 1654, and spelled
the name Dickenson.

A treasured relic is an old Bible, in which one of
the first names recorded is that of "Ann Dickinson,
born May 15, 1715."

Those of the family who wish to become Sons or
Daughters of the American Revolution, have, among
others, these soldiers to look up and trace down, through
generation after generation: Sergeant Joseph who
was in the Lexington Alarm, and Captain Joel,
both of Connecticut; Lieutenant Sylvanus of New
York; Major-General Philemon and Captain Peter of
New Jersey; Brigadier-General John of Pennsylvania;
Captain Edmund of Virginia, and Lieutenant Benjamin
of South Carolina. With one exception, the name is
spelled Dickinson in the Revolutionary records. The
one exception is that of Lieutenant Benjamin Dicken-
son.

John Dickinson, the "Pennsylvania Farmer," as he
was called, was a delegate to the general Congress of

DICKINSON FAMILY 99

1765, and therefore an invaluable ancestor for those
who desire membership with colonial societies. It is
worth some time spent in research of old records, if
perchance you can annex him as a relative in your di-
rect line of descent.

John drafted the resolutions adopted by this Con-
gress. To him is due the phrase : "No taxation without
representation." In 1768, he published his famous "Let-
ters to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, by a
Penna. Farmer." The arguments advanced regarding
the revenue were unanswerable and the effect in America
was to prepare the people for a firm maintenance of
their rights. A member of the first Continental Con-
gress, Dickinson's influence was felt in all its delibera-
tions. He was brigadier-general in the war, and a
member of the convention that framed the constitution
of the United States. In 1783 he was governor of
Pennsylvania, and Dickinson College — the second one
founded in the state — was thus named for him.

John Dickenson's father Samuel was of the Maryland
branch of the family, and he also had an estate in Dela-
ware. John's wife was Mary, daughter of Isaac Norris,
who was speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly for fif-
teen years. John Dickinson's personal appearance must
have been far from reassuring. John Adams has writ-
ten of him: "He is a shadow; tall, slender as a reed,
pale as ashes ; at first sight, one would think he couldn't
live a month, yet the springs of life are strong."

It has been said, and truly, that the American people
owe him a great debt of gratitude. He was wisely con-
servative, yet a friend of human rights, and he had the
courage to set forth his views even at the expense of
his own popularity.

The arms illustrated are blazoned: Azure, a fesse,
ermine, between two lions, passant, or.

Crest: A demi-lion, per pale, erminois and azure.

The will of Obadiah Dickinson, who was of the
Yorkshire branch of the family, is sealed with this coat-
of-arms, although now partly obliterated. The will, re-

100 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

corded at Hartford, bears date 1798. The date of the
granting of this coat-of-arms is not given.

The date of another coat-of-arms, said to have been
borne by Nathaniel, the pilgrim, is November 14, 1625.
It is: Vert, a cross between three hind's heads, erased,
or.

Crest: A stag's head, erased, or.

Motto: Esse quam videri. This is also the coat-of-
anns attributed to the immigrant ancestors, Walter,
Henry and John.

DUBOIS FAMILY

RECORDS OF FAMILY DATE TO TWELFTH CENTURY —
NAME NOBLY BORNE BY EACH GENERATION — DIS-
TINGUISHED BY PUBLIC SPIRIT AND DEVOTED
PATRIOTISM

The family of Dubois, or duBois, in this country,
traces back to the noble Huguenot refugees, Louis and
Jacques du Bois, sons of Cretien or Christian du Bois
of Artois, who was a lineal descendant of Macquaire
du Bois, Count de Eonsoy, living at the beginning of
the twelfth century.

The name is one of the oldest in France, and has
more extensive marriage connections, so the historian of
the family declares, than any other, "and," he adds,
"I have never, but in one instance, found it written in
French records, otherwise than with the small '&' and
capital 'B' — du Bois." The prefix de, de la, or du, a
contraction of de le, is a badge of noble extraction.
The origin of the name du Bois would seem to be de le
bois — of the wood, or forest; one who lived in or near
a wood. The similar name, Dubosc, means "of the
thicket."

Variations of the name are de la Boe, Dubos, Dubose,
Dubost, and possibly, Du Buysson, also Dubossari. One
of the prime ministers of France was Cardinal du Bois.

It would perhaps be a surprise to his friends if Mr.
Dubois signed himself Sylvius, yet Jacques Dubois, a
famous French anatomist, was also known under the
Eomanized form of the name — Jacobus Sylvius. Then
there was Franciscus Sylvius — or de le Boe.

From France the family spread to England and Flan-
ders. The first of the name in England, was the Knight
Geoffori du Bois, one of William the Conqueror's train.
Another bold warrior was Pierre du Bois, who served
in the army under Henry IV. of France.

105

106 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Louis "du Bois," as he always wrote his name, was
born in 1626; when about thirty-four years old he ar-
rived in America with his wife, Catherine, nee Blan-
shan, whom he had married in Germany, and their two
sons, who rejoiced in the patriarchal names, Abraham
and Isaac. They settled at Kingston, N. Y., and Abra-
ham was later one of the patentees of New Paltz — or le
nouveau palatinate — thus named after the Palatinate,
Germany, the home of Abraham's mother. The du
Bois' house at Kingston is still in possession of the
family, and reunions have been held there. Louis was
one of the founders of the church, and the record of
its building is still preserved, written in French, which
is not the pure tongue and undefiled, but, nevertheless,
intelligible. "They needed a French teacher," is the
comment of the historian of the time. Louis always
went by the title of the Walloon. By occupation he
was "a tiller of the soil"; his brother Jacques was a
silk manufacturer.

Those were stirring times, and the du Bois family
had its share of adventures, and thrilling escapades —
very much so, indeed, for Louis' wife and children —
there were three of them — were carried captives by In-
dians in the raid of 1663, and were just about to be
"butchered to make an Indian holiday," when Louis
and his band of men rushed in upon the scene. The
captives had saved their lives, in the first place, by
singing songs. That "music hath charms to soothe the
savage breast," was demonstrated in this case. The
"Babylonish Captives" was the very appropriate song
which Catherine and her children were singing at the
moment of their rescue.

Abraham's wife was Margaret Deyo, and one daugh-
ter, Mary, who married Philip Ferric, or Verree, re-
ceived as her wedding portion, 1,000 acres of land in
Lancaster county, Pa. Du Bois, a town in Pennsyl-
vania, possibly is thus named for the pilgrim fathers.

Jacques, who left three sons, lived but one year after
reaching America. He settled at Esopus, New York.

DUBOIS FAMILY 107

The Dubois family were always willing to help fight
the battles of their country, and they always "face fire
like grenadiers." Heitman's "Officers of the Kevolu-
tion" gives the names of Major Lewis, Lieutenants
James and Henry, Captain David, all of the New York
branch of the family, and Captain Isaac Dubose of
South Carolina.

Large families were the rule in the du Bois families
in olden times — eleven children being quite a popular
number ; seven and eight were the average number. And
their names? Well, it must be confessed that our fore-
fathers, or more likely it was^ out f oremothers, showed
a curious taste — or shall we venture to say lack of taste
— in the selection. Can we imagine any maiden having
grace enough to freely forgive a parent who endowed
her with the name Jacomynche (pronounced Yah-so-
mine-chee) ? It is perhaps an improvement over Jemi-
ma, which it means, when done into English. Then
we find the name Gerritje. She was one of the eleven,
of whom one was Gerrit, and one Barent, and another
Neeltje (Cornelia). The latter is not an unattractive
name.

The du Bois family has always been found battling
on the side of patriotism, intelligence and religious free-
dom against ignorance and superstition.

It has its authors, poets, men of science, statesmen
and religious devotees. The first superior of the Sisters
of Charity in the United States was Bishop John Du-
bois, born in Paris, 1764. He came to Virginia in 1791,
and in building up the church there, did the work of
three men. "He swam rivers, climbed mountain roads,
cheered the woodman at his work, rode fifty miles in
response to a sick call." Though born an aristocrat,
he did not hesitate to share the roughest toils of his
people; to assist in raising the rude log hut, and then
to preside at the modest feast given in honor of the
work. He was taught English by Patrick Henry.

Jean Baptiste Dubois was an eminent author and
member of the French Academy. Born in 1670, he

108 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

prophesied in one of his books the revolt in the Amer-
ican colonies against Great Britain.

The "chief man of France" was Ghiillaume Dubois,
statesman, born 1656. It was he who succeeded in nego-
tiating the Triple Alliance.

The Dubois family has its story of "untold millions"
awaiting heirs. Twoscore heirs, however, have claimed,
and are now enjoying their share of the goods the gods
have provided. Jacques du Bois, born in Belgium, 1704,
left a fortune of 20,000,000 florins, or $9,000,000. The
interest was to be paid to an orphan asylum at Am-
sterdam, for fifty years. At the end of the time his
legal heirs were to share his fortune.

The arms illustrated, borne by Louis, the Kingston
settler, are: Argent, a lion rampant, sable, armed and
langued, gules.

Crest : Between two tree stumps, vert, the lion of the
shield (i. e., lion, rampant, sable).

Motto: Tiens ta foy — "Keep thy faith," or word.
The lion, one of the oldest and most coveted of her-
aldic emblems, denotes deathless courage.

EDWARDS FAMILY

EDWAEDS FAMILY

ONE BRANCH DESCENDS FROM RODERICK, THE "GREAT
KING" — PLAYED PROMINENT PARTS IN COLONIAL
TIMES — MEMBERS OF FIRST CONGRESS — INTEREST-
ING RELIC PRESERVED BY THE PENELOPES

Many American families claim Alfred the Great as
ancestor. Possibly the Edward or Edwards family put
Edward or Eadward, Alfred's son, in the centre of their
chart, or rather, at the root of their genealogical tree.

Certainly the Edwardses have been prominent
enough in English history to shed a good deal of lustre
upon the name, by whomsoever borne.

Edwardes is another spelling. The name probably
started out in life as Udward or Adfert. In Anglo-
Saxon records we read of Adferton or Edwardes-tune,
which means the enclosure of Edward.

The* name is an important one in Wales, where one
branch claim descent from Tudor Trevor, a chieftain
of mighty prowess.

These are the Edwards of Sea Castle. Another
branch is of the line of Roderick, the great king. "The
Edwards Hall," as it is called, near Cardiff, Wales,
has been the home of a powerful line of Edwards. It
was built by Godefory de Pomeroi, a Norman knight,
in William the Conqueror's time; it came into the Ed-
wards family by marriage, and remained a seat until
1635. The ruins still stand.

In England the noble houses of Kensington and
Anglesey are of Edwards blood. Lord d'Elboeuf, a kins-
man of the Conqueror, founded one branch of the fam-
ily, with seats in Somerset, Cornwall, and Bedford.

The title of Sir Herbert Edwardes, a famous English
general, indeed one of Britain's greatest generals of the
nineteenth century, was an inheritance from an ances-
tor, knighted in 1644 by Charles I.

Ill

112 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

The Lord Mayor of London in 1679 was an Ed-
wards. An English historian of note was Bryan Ed-
wards. A fashionable sonneteer, ready rhymer and
dramatist, was Richard Edwards, born 1533 in Som-
ersetshire. He was a gentleman of the royal chapel,
and "master of singing boys." His life was spent in
England, although his death is recorded as taking
place at Edwards Hall, Wales.

It was his grandson, William, who was one of the
first of the name in the New World. In 1646 he ap-
pears upon the records as a land owner in Hartford,
Conn. He was one of the founders of East Haven.

Daniel Edwards, of the fourth generation from Will-
iam, the Pilgrim, was a member of the king's council
for the colony of Connecticut.

Timothy, born in 1669, of this line, was chaplain of
the troops in the Canadian expedition of 1709.

Captain James Edwards served with the Pennsyl-
vania troops in the Revolution. He had the greatest
affection for Washington, and on his deathbed said, "I
shall soon meet my dear old General Washington."

Asked by his daughter if he thought that warriors
like Washington inherited the kingdom of heaven, he
replied, "Yes, I believe that he is a bright star in the
regions of glory."

He was a Methodist, and so very religious that even
a walk of forty-eight miles was attempted by him, in
order to be present at a protracted meeting. Becoming
weary, he dropped down by the wayside, and was seen
sleeping by friends, who reported to another friend that
he was perhaps drunk. "Oh, no," he replied, "he is
only drunken with salvation. Take my carriage, drive
down and bring him to the meeting."

Benjamin, son of Hayden Edwards of Virginia, was
a member of the State Convention of Maryland that
ratified the Federal Constitution, and a member of the
first Congress. His brother John was a member of the
Virginia Convention that ratified the Constitution, and
afterwards a Senator from Kentucky. Another brother,

EDWARDS

114 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Sanford Edwards, was a surgeon in General Marion's
army.

Interesting relics of this branch of the family include
the wedding gown of Hayden's wife, Penelope Sanford.
It is passed on to the Penelopes of the family and
is now owned by one of this name. The dress is of
beautiful material, and in a fairly good state of preser-
vation. Penelope Sanford was born in England, and
came over with her brother, the only woman in a ship-
load of colonists, bound for Virginia.

The Southern Edwards are related to the Popes.
Other marriage connections include the Harrisons —
President Harrison's family — and the Eli Whitneys.

Ninian, son of Chief Justice Ninian Edwards, the
first and only Territorial Governor of Illinois, married
a sister of Mrs. Abraham Lincoln.

Chief Justice Ninian was born in Maryland, and was
a gentleman of the old school, immaculate in his attire.
Like Beau Brummell, he thought "we may not always
be wisely, but we cannot be too well dressed." He wore
fine broadcloth, and rode in a grand carriage, with a
colored coachman in livery of the most correct descrip-
tion. When inaugurated, he was resplendent in a gold-
laced coat.

The world-famous one of the family is, of course,
Jonathan, of whom the historian Fiske says, "He was
one of the wonders of the world, probably the greatest
intelligence the Western Hemisphere has yet seen."

Bancroft writes, "Of all the scholars and philoso-
phers produced by America, only two have established a
permanent reputation — Benjamin Franklin and Jona-
than Edwards."

Jonathan was of the line of William, the immigrant.

The stories of his precocity make interesting reading.
At twelve years of age we find him writing a letter re-
futing the idea of the materiality of the soul. His wife,
Sarah Pierpont, called by her descendants "the ances-
tress of the beautiful eyes," was a charming woman,
and Whitfield writes in his diary, "A more devoted

EDWARDS FAMILY 115

couple I have never seen." They had near a dozen
children — eleven, all told — of whom Mary was the
favorite. Her choice of a husband was such a wise
one that her father made it the subject of a sermon,
from the text, "But Mary hath chosen the better part."
This was something of a reflection upon the choice, in
the matrimonial market, of another daughter, who had
not chosen so well or wisely.

Mary married Timothy Dwight, and was the mother
of a president of Yale College.

The daughter, Sarah Edwards, was the mother of
Aaron Burr.

At Stockbridge, Mass., the reunions of this branch
of the family take place. Among the anecdotes retailed
at these meetings one is of a letter Jonathan wrote to
his son Timothy when at Princeton University. Tim-
othy's orthography was at fault. He probably wrote to
his father, "I was very glad to recieve your last letter,"
and forgetting the little rhyme "i" before "e" except
after "c," made a mess of it. Jonathan wrote back post-
haste, "Next to downright immorality, I consider bad
spelling the worst fault."

"The Millennium, or The Thousand Years of Pros-
perity," by Jonathan Edwards, was "printed at Boston,
in New England, 1747; reprinted at Northampton in
Old England, 1789, and Elizabethtowu, N. J., printed
by Shepard Kollock, Printer and Bookseller, in 1797."
The original edition of this work is of great value.

Characteristics of the Edwards are more than an
ordinary share of good sense and intelligence, wit, con-
versational powers, prudence, good judgment. The men
of the family are tall and strongly built, dignified, with
polished manners.

It is not down on the records that the family wish
to claim the earth, but the "Heirs' Association" is
formed to recover $300,000,000 and the city of Troy!
Whether Troy, N. Y., or of the Iliad, or both, the
writer cannot state.

The arms reproduced, those belonging to the Pilgrim

116 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

William, and his descendants, were granted by Edward
III., to an ancestor, for prowess at the battle of Crecy,
1335. They are verified by the Heralds' College, Lon-
don.

The arms are blazoned: Ermines, over all a lion,
rampant, or; in canton, a two-headed eagle.

Crest : A demi-lion, rampant, or, holding between his
paws a castle, argent.

Motto: Sola nobilitas virtus.

The Edwards of Kent and Shropshire bear the same
arms, but a different crest.

Burke blazons more than a score of arms for the
family. One has for crest the three feathers of the
Prince of Wales. A ducal coronet is the crest of another
branch. There are also a variety of mottoes. That of
one Welsh branch is "Everything with God, nothing
without God/'

"Gardez la foy" is the motto of the Baron Kensing-
ton branch. Another is Nee flatu, nee fluctu — "Neither
by wind, nor by tide."

FIELD FAMILY

OF HIGH RENOWN AND ANTIQUITY — KNIGHT OF AR-
THUR'S EOUND TABLE IN STORY — SIR JOHN INTRO-
DUCED COPERNICAN SYSTEM IN ENGLAND — EARLY
IN NEW WORLD — ALWAYS TRUE TO FLAG AND
COUNTRY

A Field may be quite as much a member of this
well-known and widespread family if he elect to write
himself down Field, Feeld, Ffield, Ffeild, Ffeld, Fellde,
Feyld, or Fylde. He may even try such variations as
del Felde and de la Feld. The last named is perhaps
the earliest form of the name, now recognized as Dela-
field. The present spelling, Field or Fields, has been
in vogue for two centuries.

If the name originated in England, the meaning
would be self-evident. Feld, used by Chaucer, was the
past participle felled of the verb to fell. Fieldland is
opposed to woodland, and means land where the trees
have been felled. The name then would originate with
him who owned fieldland.

The tradition, however, is that the ancestor of the
English Fields went over with the Conqueror, that he
was Huburtus de la Field, of the Chateau de la Feld in
Alsace. What would family history be worth without
its traditions? They suggest a train of charming
fancies, and don't harm any one.

Field, as a matter of fact, sounds like a good old
Saxon word.

"Ing, hurst and wood, wich, sted and field,
Full many an English surname yield."
is an old rhyme; so is this one — an epitaph, which is
centuries old:

"Here lieth Jack meadow,

Whose dayes passed away like a shadow.

"N. B. — His proper name was Field, but changed
for the sake of the rhyme."

119

120 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEEICA

It is little waifs like these which you come across
now and then when running down your forefathers,
which keep up your spirits. Otherwise the subject might
be depressing — to think that your ancestors are all, or
mostly all, dead!

One record begins with William Feild and his wife
Katharine, who were living in Yorkshire, in 1480. Con-
nection is claimed by one branch with Sir Kay, a
Knight of Arthur's Round Table, through Eosamond,
daughter of William Field, who married, 1617, Godfrey
Kay, a descendant.

Queen Elizabeth's chaplain was Dr. Eichard Field.
The family claim connection with Cromwell, through
the marriage of Anne, daughter of Thomas Cromwell,
a grandson of Oliver, to John Field, of London.

Among the distinguished members of the family is
Sir John Field, who thirteen years after the death of
Copernicus published the first astronomical tables that
ever appeared in England, calculated on the basis of
the new discoveries. He was therefore the first to intro-
duce the Copernican system into England.

Another John Field, born about two centuries later,
was a musical composer, whose nocturnes were Chopin's
models. A dramatist of renown of the Elizabethan age
was Nathan Field.

The notable ones of a later day are the poet, Eugene
Field; David Dudley Field, who has done more for the
reform of national laws than any other person ; George
Field of Providence, E. I., whose stately and dignified
bearing caused him to be called the "Old Eoman," and
the "Cato of the Senate." Of course, we do not forget
Cyrus and "how he laid the cable." John Bright called
him the "Columbus of modern times, who by his cable
has moored the new world alongside of the old." Only
the fact that Cyrus Field was the citizen of another
country prevented him receiving high honors from the
English nation. The Paris exposition of 1867 gave him
the highest prize it had to bestow — the grand medal.
King Victor Emanuel of Italy decorated him; America

if id*

122 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

gave him a gold medal and the thanks of the nation ; the
city of New York presented thanks, a gold snuffbox,
and the freedom of the city; the Chamber of Com-
merce of New York, thanks and a gold medal; the
State of Wisconsin a gold medal, and George Peabody
a silver service. These were a few of the testimonials
bestowed upon the layer of the cable.

The first of the name here was probably Zachariah,
who came from Suffolk and was one of the founders of
Hartford, his name appearing upon the record, 1639.
Robert, a Long Island settler, about six years later, was
from Yorkshire, a man of affairs, and one of the found-
ers of Flushing.

The Fields had their share of adventures in the early
days; they were scalped by Indians; carried captive to
Canada; and one makes us her debtor for a romantic
story, by marrying an Indian chief whom no persuasion
could ever induce her to abandon. Benjamin Field of
the Flushing family in 1691 married Hannah Bowne,
of the well-known pioneer family. Hannah was a cau-
tious young woman, judging from the following letter
to her parents:

"My Dear Father and Mother : — I may acquaint you
that one Benjamin Field has tendered his love to me.
The question he has indeed proposed is concerning
marriage, the which as yet I have not at present re-
jected, nor given much way to, nor do I intend to
proceed, nor let out my affections too much towards
him, till I have well considered the thing, and have
yours and my friends' advice and consent concern-
ing it"

Strongly marked features are characteristic of the
family, with keen blue eyes and sandy or brown hair.
The Fields have tempers of their own and stubborn
wills. Their integrity of purpose and indomitable inde-
pendence indicate antecedents of a haughty race, unac-
customed to servility.

William, James, Jeremiah, Zachariah and Daniel are
names which occur in every generation. A very curious

FIELD FAMILY 123

Christian name which a Field bestowed upon a help-
less, unoffending offspring was "Abovehope." Above-
hope apparently could not appreciate a joke, or the dis-
tinction of possessing a name unique in the annals
of nomenclature, for she passed away from this wicked
world at an early age. Perhaps she died of her name,
not having the sense of humor which distinguished her
parents. An equally meek name was that of another
feminine Field — Submit.

If any one doubts the patriotism of the Fields — but
no one does — let him be told that they fought at
Bunker Hill; they suffered at Valley Forge, and they
witnessed the surrender at Yorktown. Captain Tim-
othy was on Washington's staff. Others, good and true,
were Lieutenant Ebenezer, Massachusetts; Ensign Na-
thaniel and Captain-Lieutenant John, Ehode Island;
Captain James, South Carolina; Captains Eeuben and
Benjamin and Lieutenant Henry, of Virginia.

The arms illustrated, borne by the pilgrim, Robert,
of Flushing, are blazoned: Sable, a chevron between
three garbs, argent.

Crest: A dexter arm, issuing out of the clouds, f ess-
ways, proper, habited gules, holding on the hand a
sphere, or.

Motto: Sans Dieu rien — "Nothing without God."

This coat-of-arms is termed in heraldry, "canting,"
meaning a pun on the name, or "armes parlantes," be-
cause of the allusion to a product of the field — wheat-
sheaves. The simplicity of this coat-armor points to
great antiquity. It perhaps goes back to the thirteenth
century, when the most ancient roll of arms was made,
or 1240. The crest was granted in 1558, when Sir John,
astronomer, was authorized by the crown to bear as a
crest, over his family arms — three wheatsheaves — an
arm gules, bearing a sphere, or. There was reason, if
not rhyme or poetry in this — a red, right arm issuing
from the clouds, and holding a golden sphere, showing
the splendor of the Copernican discovery — a light from
the heavens above.

124 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Similar arms, borne by the Earls of Chester, are:
Three garbs, or, granted in the thirteenth century.

Zachariah Field of Hartford was entitled to coat-
armor blazoned: Per chevron, or and vert; in chief,
two dolphins, respecting each other, gules; in base, a
garb of the first.

Crest : A dolphin embowed, per pale, or and gules, in
front of two darts, in saltire proper, points upward.

These coat-of-anns are found graven on the monu-
ments of the Field family of centuries ago. The garbs
in heraldry signify plenty, and that the first-bearer de-
served well for his hospitality. They also denote that
"The harvest of one's hopes is secured."

FISHER FAMILY

FISHEE FAMILY

DESCENT FROM ALFRED THE GREAT CLAIMED — A NOR-
MAN KNIGHT ANOTHER PROGENITOR — VOLUNTEERS
IN ALL WARS — HERALDIC EMBLEMS DENOTE
CHARITY, LOYALTY AND TRUTH

The name Fisher being that of one of the employ-
ments of man is found as a surname in all nations.

Hoker, Percheurs, Langelier, Poissonier and Chabot,
at first sight, do not seem to be names belonging to the
family, yet they all have the same origin.

For example, in France, in some of the provinces,
chabot means fisher, or fisherman. Hence comes Cabot,
and Sebastian, the explorer, may therefore be claimed
by the family.

Fysher and Fyshere are old orthographies, "ffisher"
being a form of frequent occurrence in colonial rec-
ords. In a will, dated 1674, Joshua Ffisher, of Med-
field, Mass., leaves to "John Ffisher, son of my son,
John Ffisher, £5. To Vigilance Ffisher, my grand-
child, son of my son, Joshua Ffisher, 40 sh." The
executors of this will are "my beloved cosen daniel
fisher and Joshua, my grande child" — so curiously free
and easy and "simplified" was the mode of spelling in
those primitive days.

One branch of the Fisher family claims descent from
Alfred the Great, who is responsible for a large growth
of family trees. Descent is also claimed, by one branch,
from Eustace de Monte Alto, the "great Norman
hunter," who was a knight in the train of William, who
gave him the manor of Montault, in England, where
descendants still reside. The great castle is called Mon-
talt, Mold or Mould Castle. Maud is another corrup-
tion of the original name Monte Alto. Maud, it may
be mentioned, in recognition of this descent from the
Norman, is a name often bestowed upon both masculine
and feminine members of the Fisher family.

129

130 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Jabez Maud Fisher was an original character in Lon-
don whose appearance at a certain coffee house was
always awaited with great impatience, because he could
repeat all the speeches of the day made in Parliament,
from memory, on the all-absorbing topic of affairs in
the American colony. This was during the Revolution-
ary war, when both houses of Parliament forbade the
printing of speeches in the newspapers.

One distinguished member of the family was John
Fisher, bishop of Rochester, who was chancellor of the
University of Cambridge, and procured the Greek pro-
fessorship for Erasmus. Bishop Fisher lost his head
at the same time as Sir Thomas More, and for the same
cause.

One pilgrim father was John Fisher, who came over
with William Penn, and another progenitor of an Amer-
ican line was Joseph, born in Saxony, 1734, who set-
tled in New Jersey. He was a Revolutionary soldier.
Middletown, Pa., was settled by George, son of John
Fisher, pilgrim father, and Fisher's Lane, Germantown,
is thus called for the family.

The first survey and chart of Delaware Bay was
made by Joshua Fisher, about 1750. The chart is now
in possession of the Historical Society of Pennsyl-
vania.

To the hospitality of Captain Daniel Fisher, of Dor-
chester, Mass., the regicide judges of Charles I., Goffe
and Whalley, owed shelter and protection for nearly a
year. They lived in a house in a forest near the cap-
tain's, and his daughter Lydia waited on them.

One of the founders of the Maine branch of the
Fisher family was Samuel, born 1722, who was living at
North Yarmouth, 1745. He had the title "captain" and
was a lineal descendant of Sir Anthony Fisher.

Captain Samuel's great-grandfather was Lieutenant
Joshua, grandson of Sir Anthony. There are good war
records here, for Captain Samuel's son was Corporal
Onesiphorus, and his grandson was also Captain Samuel.

A member of the Maine family was Jonathan, "faith-

FISHEK FAMILY 131

ful minister," author, poet, artist, wood-engraver,
farmer, carpenter and clockmaker. He was an early
riser — so it is put down in the records, and we are not
inclined to dispute the statement. He was also "a
terror to evildoers, and a praise to them who did well/'
He kept a stern eye on his congregation and woe to any
one who absented himself from church, without an
excuse. His sermons numbered 3,000, and his book on
"Scripture Animals," was illustrated with pictures of
every animal, bird and insect mentioned in the Bible.
These were all engraved by himself. His portrait,
painted by himself, is in Mt. Bangor Theological Semi-
nary, of which he was one of the founders. For forty-
one years he was pastor of Mt. Blue Hill church, where
his salary was $200, 30 cords of wood, with a vacation
of five Sabbaths thrown in. Nor was this all of the
story. He brought up a family of seven children, of
whom one daughter was sent to boarding school, and
one son, Rev. Josiah, to college.

One of the volunteers of the Revolution was Thomas
of Delaware, a mere youth at the time. He kept up
the record, and was in the war of 1812, with the rank
of brigadier-general.

Heitman's "Officers of the Revolution" gives the
names of other Revolutionary soldiers : Lieutenant Isaac
of Massachusetts; Colonel Frederich and Lieutenant-
Colonel John of New York; Lieutenant Hendrick of
New Jersey and Captain Samuel of Pennsylvania.

One of the belles of the Revolution, if not a heroine,
was Mary Vining, great-granddaughter of John Fisher,
of Pennsylvania. The fame of her charms was carried
to Marie Antoinette, who eagerly inquired of Jefferson,
Minister in France, whether the extravagant compli-
ments of French officers in America had been exagger-
ated. Among her admirers were Lafayette, Due d'Or-
leans and Louis Philippe. The Spanish patriot, Mi-
randa, once passed through Wilmington at night, and
left his card at the post-office for Miss Vining, never
having seen her. Even a twentieth century belle would

not scorn the Kevolutionary belle's rich and costly attire
— the "pearl-colored satin gown, lined with cream-col-
ored Persian ; the blossom-colored satin cloak lined with
white mantua, and the white satin petticoat, quilted
with flowers."

Marriage connections include the Reeds, and the
Ames — Fisher Ames, the statesman.

The arms illustrated are : Azure, a dolphin, embowed,
naiant, or. The heraldic significance of a dolphin is
charity, and the color azure is emblematic of loyalty
and truth. The seal used by Joshua Fisher corresponds
to these arms. There is a similarity between this coat-
of-arms and that of the dauphin of France, which would
argue descent of Joshua from the Norman knight. The
arms of the martyred bishop were: Azure, a dolphin
between three ears of wheat, or, and his motto — Faciam
vos fieri piscatores hominum — "I will make you to be-
come fishers of men."

FOX FAMILY

FOX

FOX FAMILY

LANDED PROPRIETORS IN ENGLAND FOR CENTURIES —
FAMILY HAS BRILLIANT STATESMEN AND SCIEN-
TISTS— CHARACTERISTICS AND HERALDIC CHARGES
NOTED

It rather takes your breath away to have it sug-
gested that Fox, as a surname, was, or may have been,
first Val, or Vaux, and therefore, of French derivation.

Some one who was the owner of valleys or dales
became designated as such, and from Vaux to Foxes or
Fox is not impossible. In mediaeval records we often
find the name with the prefix "\e" — le Fox — which helps
to prop up this theory of a French origin. About the
only variation of the orthography is Foxe. In colonial
records, with its free and easy spelling, the name often
appears without even the distinction which the capital
letter affords— "Sam'll fox, ye 2nd;" "ffox," is also of
frequent occurrence.

Names which have the same root, are Foxell, Foxall,
Foxhall, Foxley, Foxlee, and Foxton.

Winterslow House, Wiltshire, is one seat of the fam-
ily; Osmaston Hall, Derbyshire, is another landed es-
tate, and in Cornwall they had large properties. One
of the bishops of Winchester, the founder of Corpus
Christi College, and counsellor, time of Henry III.,
was Richard Fox. Sir Stephen Fox, born in Wiltshire,
was with Charles II. in his exile, and, after the restora-
tion, he was commissioner of the treasury, and
knighted by the king, 1665. He founded Chelsea Hos-
pital. His twin sons were Stephen and Henry; the
last named, the first Lord Holland, father of Charles
James Fox, the brilliant statesman, in whose veins
flowed blood the bluest of the blue, for his mother was

137

138 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

daughter of the Duke of Richmond, and his great-
great-grandmother the Duchess of Portsmouth. Ste-
phen, son of Sir Stephen, became Earl of Ilchester.

The scientist of the family was Robert Were Fox.

Two Foxes, each named Thomas, have fame and
name as founders of families. One probably came over
in the Winthrop fleet, 1630. He died in Concord, Mass.,
1658. He was a freeman in 1638, had two wives and
several children. His name is found in the records
as plain "fox;" "Mr. foxes' land." His will is said to
show a seal stamped with a design which may have been
the reproduction of a coat-of-arms ; it is impossible to
decipher it clearly. Three of his sons were living at
New London about 1675, and one son, Isaac, who mar-
ried Abigail Osban, or Osborn, lived at Medford.

"Memento Mori Fugit Hora" is the legend upon the
stone erected to the memory of Jabez Fox, Woburn,
where he was pastor — "pastour" — for twenty-three
years. He died 1702, aged 56 years. He was one of
Harvard's first graduates, and, by tradition, a lineal
descendant of Fox, the martyrologist, or Foxe, as it was
spelled. His wife was Judith, afterwards the wife of
Colonel Tyng, and his son was John Fox, also a min-
ister of the gospel, whose sermon, occasioned by the
great earthquake of October 29, 1727, is still extant.
One of his sons was Jonathan Fox, who has the title
"Colonel," and doubtless was an officer in the Revo-
lution.

Daniel of East Haddam provided four sons for the
Continental army; upon their return home, he gave
each 30 acres of land, and to the youngest one he gave
"his time," when he was nineteen years old.

Among those of the Fox family who were officers
in the Revolution may be named Lieut. Jacob (Conn.),
Lieut. Joseph (Mass.), Lieut. Jeremiah (Pa.), Captain
Nathaniel and Lieut. Thomas (Va.). Ebenezer, of
Massachusetts, went to war with pad and pencil in
hand, and made a very readable story of "Adventures
in the Revolution."

FOX FAMILY 139

Coming down to a later time, Gustavus Fox of Mas-
sachusetts was a naval officer in the Mexican war, and
was sent on a commission to St. Petersburg to con-
gratulate Alexander II. upon his escape from assassi-
nation.

The founder of the Pennsylvania branch of the Fox
family was John, born in Devon, 1751, who made a
home in Germantown, with wife — Anna Rupert — and
six children.

David Fox had a grant of 400 acres in Lancaster
County, Va., about the middle of the seventeenth cen-
tury. His son, David, has the title Captain — "Capt.
D. ffox" — and married Hannah Ball.

In Gloucester County, Va., we find intermarriage of
Foxes with the Lewis lineage, descendants of Col. Field-
ing Lewis, who married Washington's sister. Other
families related by marriage to the Foxes are the
Byrds, Fauntleroys, Amblers and Baylors — all of the
South.

New England marriage connections include the Les-
lies, Isbells, Rogers, Stebbins, Stones, Reynolds, Wheel-
ers and Jarvises.

Characteristics of the Foxes are prudence, adminis-
trative ability, wit, wide sympathies, while their com-
mon sense is of the best brand. They are faithful, up-
right, conscientious, and, shall we add, pugnacious,
although often showing great self-control. Of one it
was said that he displayed more than a boy's good sense
in correcting his faults. Overhearing his parents dis-
cussing his faults, he determined to mend his ways.

The coat-of-arms illustrated is that used by Rev. John
Fox, an early settler of Ware, Gloucester County, Va.

It is blazoned: Argent, a chevron, sable, between
three cocks, gules; on a chief, azure, a fox courant, or.
^ Crest : A lion, sejant, guardant, or, supporting, with
his dexter foot, a book of the last (i. e., last color named
— or) . This coat-armor is given in Burke as belonging
to the Foxes of Bucks. No motto is assigned, but

140 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

mottoes used by branches of the family are, Faire sans
dire, and Video et taceo.

The fox, of course, used in reference to the name, is
an emblem of wit and facility of device — "One who well
uses all that he may possess of wit, wisdom and sagacity
in his own deference."

The chevron denotes protection; the cock, herald of
dawn, watchfulness ; the chief, dominion and authority ;
the lion, courage, and the book, learning.

FREEMAN FAMILY

CONSPICUOUS AS FOUNDERS OF TOWNS — ALWAYS TO
THE FORE IN PATRIOTIC MOVEMENTS — SOME RO-
MANTIC STORIES HANDED DOWN — HERALDIC
CHARGES DENOTE WISDOM AND PROBITY

Freeman is a name which speaks for itself, as far as
its significance is concerned. He who assumed it as a
surname was a free man — liber homo — John le Free-
man, say, and not John le Bond.

Frewoman and Frewif, or Frewife, are forms found
in ancient records. The name is of good old Anglo-
Saxon derivation. Variations are Le Fremans, Fre-
mund, and Fremond, also Franchome and Fraun-
chomme, which look like very distant cousins, indeed.
Ffreeman and ffreeman are of frequent occurrence in
colonial records.

An old seat of the family is Fawley Court, Henley-
upon-Thames, Oxford, and the Freemans have lived at
Yorkshire, and Shakespeare's home, Stratford-upon-
Avon, since time was.

The great history of "The Norman Conquest" was
written by the historian of the family — Edward Free-
man. One Thomas Freeman "set up for a poet," and
was a friend of Shakespeare's. "Mrs. Freeman" was the
Duchess of Marlborough's alias when in intimate cor-
respondence with her royal mistress, Queen Anne, whom
she addressed as "Mrs. Morley."

Edmund or Edmond Freeman came over in the Abi-
gail, 1635, with sons and daughters, and lived first at
Lynn, or helped to settle it. Samuel, who came over
in Gov. Winthrop's fleet, was a proprietor of Water-
town, and is called a brother of Edmund, who had the
foresight to provide himself with "plate-armor." He
would show those Indians something of the science of
war. The armor, twenty pieces in all, was soon pre-
145

146 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

sented to the Colony, and is probably still treasured as
a relic.

The Freemans have been conspicuous as founders of
towns. In the records of the first church of Newark,
N. J., Stephen is mentioned as "of the company from
Milford, Conn., for settling a town on the Passaic." One
of the proprietors of Syracuse, N. Y., was Joshua,
born in Dutchess County. He is called the man above
all others who promoted the growth of Syracuse. He
died in North Carolina, 1848.

Among immigrant ancestors we may mention Rev.
Bernardus Freeman, who came from Holland. He was
perhaps of the Puritan band, and born in England.
The tradition regarding another is that he came over
in 1735, in Thos. Chalkley's ship to Philadelphia. His
name has not been found on the records.

Must we acknowledge a pirate in the family? Not
if we can help it. Here is the romantic story, and the
reader must take it and rearrange it as he pleases, and
then pass it on to the next one. Isaac Freeman was
his name; then there was the good ship Bethel — that
comes next. To make Isaac captain will be a good
way to manage this part of it. The year was 1748, and
there was war — and Isaac captured one hundred and
sixty-one chests of silver and two chests of gold ! Here
is the outline for a romance, and no extra charge for it.

Those who trace back to Samuel of Watertown, born
1657, strike a pretty good ancestor, if it is societies and
the like they wish to join, for Samuel was a member
of militia, a selectman, and for nineteen years repre-
sentative.

Revolutionary ancestors to look up are Lieuts. Jere-
miah, Haskall, and Thomas, of Massachusetts, and Brig-
adier-General Nathaniel, of the same State, who filled
nearly every office in the gift of his native town, Sand-
wich. Twice married, he was the proud father of a
full score of children, of whom all but two lived to
mature age. A man with a splendid record, he is an

FREEMAN FAMILY 147

ancestor to be proud of. Are you of his line? If so,
your road leads straight to many patriotic societies.

"Major John," who died in 1719, aged about 100
years, is good for Colonial war records. He provided,
by will, for the freedom of his negroes, "with four acres
of land, a horse and a cow."

The Maine branch was founded by Enoch, born 1706,
a descendant of Samuel the first. Colonel Enoch — to
give him his title — was a graduate of Harvard. He held
various offices; for many years he was judge of the
probate court, and, in 1748, was a naval officer.

Characteristics of the family are uncompromising in-
tegrity, sound judgment, fixedness of principle, filial
duty, conjugal tenderness, sincere and steady friend-
ship. The Freemans are given to hospitality — friends
of the oppressed.

Of the feminine members we may say that many
possess not only beauty of person and mind, but "sound
good sense" — a valuable asset!

One marriage connection traces back, through the
Sears family of Massachusetts, to Gov. Winthrop. In
"Americans of Royal Descent," we find that lineage may
be traced to Henry I., Philip III. and Louis VIII. of
France, and King John of England. Any scoffer who
derides such ancestry doubtless cannot boast of a king
with a crown on his head anywhere on his family chart.

The illustrated coat-of-arms is: Azure, three loz-
enges, or.

Crest : A demi-lion, rampant, gules, holding between
his paws a lozenge, or.

Motto : Liber et audax — "Free and bold."

The lozenge, like all square figures, denotes honesty,
wisdom, probity, and it is also a token of noble birth.

This coat-armor is attributed to the pilgrim ances-
tors, Edmund of Lynn, and Henry of Woodbridge, N.
J., and its facsimile in etchings and embroidery has
been handed down from generation to generation.

GOODRIDGE FAMILY

WELL REPRESENTED IN DOMESDAY BOOK — WERE TEN-
ANTS-IN-CHIEF— EASILY TAKE PLACE AS LEADERS
OF MEN — WOMEN RENOWNED FOR WIT AND
BEAUTY

The origin of the name Goodridge goes back to the
"twilight of fable." It is found in Domesday Book as
Godrie, Goderic, Godricus and Godericus; indeed, no
name is more fully represented in that ancient record.

Prosperous in God, or rich in God, or in goodness, is
the meaning of the name, from guda, good, or God,
and ricus, an Anglo-Saxon word meaning powerful.
Godricus was perhaps the first form of the name.

Variations of this patronymic are as follows: Gode-
riche, Goderich, Goodrick, Gutteridge, Gutterige, Gutt-
rige, Guttridge, Gutrig, Goddridge, and Goodridge.

Common colonial forms were Goodridge and Gutte-
ridge, also Guttridge.

The two "o's" are accounted for in this way: In
olden times the father's name was "good enough for
father," but the son, wishing an extra flourish, doubled
the vowel or changed it — thus Godridge; next genera-
tion, Goodridge, a Goodrich.

We also see this in the case of mothers and daugh-
ters. If the mother was Baba, the daughter was Baaba
or Buoba ; and Tata's daughter was Tuota.

Goodridge is the name of a parish in Herefordshire
also called Goodrich, with its Goodridge Castle, court,
and ferry.

The castle was probably erected soon after the con-
quest, as a place of defense for the west of England.
It was occupied by the cavaliers during Charles I.'s
reign, and, after a long siege, destroyed. It is now
one of the most striking ruins in England.

An early owner of the castle was the Earl of Salis-
bury, who is renowned in the annals of the past as cap-

153

154 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEKICA

tor of Joan of Arc. In Shakespeare's Henry V. he is
mentioned as Lord of Goddig or Godrig.

Ribstone Hall and Gilling Castle, both in Yorkshire,
are other seats of the Goodridge family.

The lord high chancellor of England, and chaplain
to Henry VIIL, Sir Thomas Goodrick, or Goodricke,
was bishop of Ely, and in the reign of Edward VI. as-
sisted in compiling the first Book of Common Prayer.
He was commissioned to invest Henry II. of France
with the Order of the Garter, and to treat for the mar-
riage of the King's daughter, Elizabeth, with Edward
VI. The portrait of Goodrich by Holbein is preserved,
and a brass in Ely Cathedral perpetuates his memory.

A famous astronomer of the eighteenth century was
John Goodriche, of Yorkshire, where the family is an
old one, with knightly honors conferred by Charles I.

The first of the name here was William Goodridge,
as he spelled it, who came from Bury St. Edmunds,
Suffolk, 1634, to Massachusetts, where he became one
of the founders of Watertown. Governor Winthrop's
name appears on the records as a witness of the inven-
tory taken of William's property. "A true and perfect
inventory of the goods of William Goodrich, made by
Thomas Hastings, April 3, 1647." Among the items
enumerated are "one Bible, one psalms booke," and one
"cowe." William's wife was Margaret.

Sons and grandsons of William became founders of
families in Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine, and
New York.

Samuel "Guttridg," fourth generation from William,
and born at Newbury, held many town offices. He was
selectman, and surveyor; he was also written down
"gent," which meant much in those days, and he left a
large property — £8,813, 5 shillings. His wife was
Lydia Cue, and they had a large family. His brother,
Benjamin, was at Bunker Hill, with his three sons.
Benjamin's wife was Mary Redington, and, removing
to Vermont, they became the progenitors of the Ver-
mont line.

GOODRIDGE FAMILY 155

One of the family, Samuel of Boxford, Massachu-
setts, was chosen to "keepe the meeting house key and
to sweep it, and take care of the Metting houss dores/'
for which he received thirty shillings annually.

Where duty called there were Goodriches found. At
Bunker Hill, John, of Fitchburg, proved his patriot-
ism. He was a son of David, who was a member of
the provincial Congress and held many town offices.
William, of Sharon, Conn., great-grandson of the pil-
grim father, was lieutenant in the Revolution. Other
patriots, good and true, were Ozias, of Connecticut, a
private, who served through the war, from the night
of the "Lexington Alarm." Lieutenant Stephen, also
of Connecticut, was one of the minute men aroused
by the midnight cry of Paul Revere. Another, from the
same State, was Ensign Levi. Representatives from
Massachusetts were Lieutenant Ezekiel, killed at Sara-
toga, Lieutenants Samuel, Silas, and William. Lieuten-
ant John was of the Virginia branch of the family.
Another soldier of the Virginia line was Major Theo-
dore Goodrich of Rappahannock County, who took part
in wars of an earlier date — that is, before the Revo-
lution.

Of Elizur, who "volunteered to defend New Haven,"
as the records have it, the story is told that after the
enemy took possession, "being tired he lay on a bed,
where he was bayoneted in the breast by a British sol-
dier." But Elizur was made of sterner stuff than most,
and did not thus easily give up his life, but became a
most prominent citizen. Speaker of the House, he was
present at the last session in Philadelphia and at the
first in Washington.

His wife, Anne Willard Allen, as a little girl knew
General Burgoyne, and once was sitting in his lap while
he was reading a newspaper in which he was spoken
of as "John Burgoyne." His indignation was so great
at this lack of respect that he nearly frightened little
Anne into fits. At the time he was a prisoner at large.

Chauncey Goodrich, son of Elizur and Anne, mar-

156 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

ried Frances Julia, daughter of Noah Webster, whom he
assisted with his dictionary.

The second Secretary of the Treasury, under Wash-
ington, was Chauncey Goodrich, Lieutenant-Governor
of Connecticut, Mayor of Hartford, United States Sen-
ator, to say nothing of a few other offices. His wife
was a daughter of Governor Walcott.

We all know the story of Annie Ellsworth, who dic-
tated the first message ever transmitted by a recording
telegraph, sent from Washington to Baltimore: "What
hath God wrought !" Annie may come into this story,
for she had some of the good old Goodridge blood.

One of the most popular writers of a few generations
ago was Samuel Goodrich, or "Peter Parley," who was
also State Senator, and Consul to Paris. His mother,
Elizabeth Ely Goodrich, a daughter of Colonel John
Ely, was very beautiful and accomplished. "Almost
as handsome as Betsey Ely" became a proverb.

Marriage relationships include the New England
families of Kimball, Stickney, Porter, Hale, and Pea-
body. The Goodridges, or Goodriches — spell it as you
will — are long-lived; at least this may be inferred from
the record of one of the lineage, that "he was cut off
prematurely at sixty-five."

The coat-of-arms illustrated is : Argent, a f esse sable,
in chief, three cross-crosslets, fitchee of the last (i. e.,
sable) .

Crest: A song-thrush proper.

Walter Goodrige, or Gutridge, as it is sometimes
written, who was a sea captain, dying in 1730, gave
to a Boston church a piece of plate bearing this coat-
of-arms, which is also found cut on the tombstone of
Goodriches buried at Copp's Hill, Boston.

The coat-of-arms ascribed to William of Watertown,
and his brother, John, of Wethersfield, is: Or, two
lions, passant, between ten cross-crosslets, sable.

Crest: A demi-lion, rampant, couped, argent, hold-
ing in the dexter paw a cross-crosslet, or.

Motto : Ditat servate fides — "Faith kept enriches."

GRIFFITH FAMILY

GEIFFITH FAMILY

OF EOYAL LINEAGE — THE LAST KING OP WALES A
FOREFATHER — IMMIGRANT ANCESTORS IN MIDDLE
AND SOUTHERN STATES

The Welsh form of this name is Gruffydd, and
Lleweny, in the Vale of Clwydd, is one home of the
family.

Griffith, Griffiths, and Griffyth are present day forms
of the name, Griffith being the usual orthography. Early
records of -the family in this country invariably have
the name with the final "s" — Griffiths. Griffitts and
Griffis are variations of the name.

The family is an ancient one, descended from Rhys
ap Tudor Mawr, ap Griffith, Prince of South Wales,
1077, through Trahairn Goch, chieftain of Llyn, Car-
narvonshire, North Wales.

One William Griffith of Llyn, and of this line, about
1700, son of John and Elizabeth, daughter of Viscount
Bulkley, and member of Parliament, married Mary,
daughter of Sir Bibye Lake of London.

Owen ap Robert Owen, of Anglesey, was an ancestor
of this line, and marriage connections include the Earls
of Aylesford, and the noble house of Trevon of Trev-
alyn.

This is one account of the origin of the Griffiths.
Another has it that the family can claim descent from
Lleyellyn, the last King of Wales, who was the son of
Griffith, also King of Wales.

"The Griffiths in America, descendants of a Welsh
princess, would now be enjoying the millions that fell
to the British crown, if family records had been care-
fully kept, to furnish missing links."

This is a quotation from a family record. The pres-
ent writer regrets possessing no knowledge whatever
of these "millions" — her greatest joy would be to divide
it among the Griffiths and the Griffith families — no, to
share it with them.

161

162 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

The Princess referred to was Katherine, daughter
of Lord Rys, Prince of South Wales, and she married
Rydderch ap Kydiron.

Their son was Rys ap Rydderch of Castle Howell,
or Hywel. Prince Rys, or Lord Rys ap Griffith was a
man of valor in a warlike age, as well as "a great
patron of the bards." "He made a feast at Christmas,
and caused it to be proclaimed throughout the country,
a year and a day beforehand. Thither came many
strangers, and among deeds of arms, and other 'shows/
the Prince caused all the poets of Wales, who were
makers of songs, and recorded of gentlemen's arms and
pedigrees, to come thither, and provided chairs for
them, where they should dispute together, to try their
cunning, where great and rich gifts were prepared for
the overcomers."

The family is an old one in Staffordshire, and re-
cently a Joseph Griffiths died there, aged over ninety
years, who had known five bishops, five rectors, five
parish clerks, and he had lived in the reign of five
monarchs.

One immigrant ancestor was William Griffith, from
Cardigan, Wales, 1721. He settled in New York State.
Then there is the usual tradition of three brothers.
They, too, were born in Wales, and crossed the sea in
1715. Their names were Griffith, John and William,
and they made homes in Chester county, Pennsylvania.

Griffith Griffiths married, 1722, Gwen, daughter of
Evan Thomas, and he died in 1760, possessed of con-
siderable property, as his will shows. His children
were Evan, Amos, Levi, Dan, and Rebecca. In the
course of time descendants of the three brothers dropped
the "s," writing their name Griffith.

The three brothers were sons of Griffith Johns of
Llanddewi, Cardigan. They are called college-bred
men, of considerable wealth. There was a marriage,
of this branch of the family, with the Howells of Bucks
county, Pa. Other marriage connections include the
Sharps, Fosters, and Cadwalladers. A relic is an old

GRIFFITH FAMILY 163

Welsh Bible, with records. One is the autograph of a
Richard Williams — "his hand and pen, God save Queen
Anne and all her men."

The Griffith record is a patriotic one, and among
officers of the Revolution are the following names:
From Pennsylvania, Lieutenant Benjamin, '76, and En-
sign Levi, '76 to '83; Levi died 1825; from Maryland,
Captain Samuel, '76 to '78 ; Lieutenant Charles, Colonel
Charles Greenberry Griffith, of the Flying Camp, '76;
Ensign John, also of the Flying Camp, and commis-
sioned lieutenant; from Virginia, Captain Philemon,
'76 to '77— he died 1838 ; Surgeon and Chaplain David,
'76 to '79.

Ready with pen as with sword, are the Griffiths. The
founder of the "Monthly Review," Great Britain, was
Ralph Griffiths, born in Shropshire. "He was a steady
advocate of literature, a firm friend and possessed of
great social gifts." His brother, a planter of South
Carolina about the middle of the eighteenth century,
was perhaps the founder of the Southern branch of
the family.

In Pennsylvania the Welsh family of Griffiths has
always been prominent. In 1715 Thomas Griffiths and
wife, Mary Norris, were living in Philadelphia. Thomas
was keeper of the great seal of Pennsylvania ; provincial
councilor; judge of the supreme court, and mayor of
Philadelphia. He died in 1740. William Griffiths was
one of the founders of the Pennsylvania Hospital. A
bookplate used by Thomas is in possession of a de-
scendant.

The coat-of-arms illustrated is blazoned : Gules, three
lioncels (or little lions), passant, in pale, argent, armed
azure.

Crest : A demi-lion, rampant, sable, armed gules.

Motto: Virtus omnia nobilitat — "Virtue ennobles
all." This is also the motto of the Herrick family.

This coat-armor was borne by William Griffith, the
New York ancestor, 1721.

A similar coat-of-arms is that of the Griffiths ("§")

164 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

of Thorn Grove Park, Worcester, England. It is: Or,
a lion, rampant, gules.

Crest : A demi-lion, rampant, gules. No motto.

The Griffiths ("s") of the Isle of Anglesey bear:
Gules, a chevron, between three lions, rampant, or.

The Griffiths who claim Lord Rys as founder of the
family, bear: Sable, a spear-head, embrued, between
three scaling ladders, argent ; on a chief, gules, a castle,
tripple — turreted of the second. No crest and no motto.

HAWLEY FAMILY

HISTORY BEGINS WITH WALTER DE HAULEIGH, FOUR-
TEENTH CENTURY — ONE ACCOMPANIED His MON-
ARCH AT FIELD OF CLOTH OF GOLD — WAS MADE
KING OF ARMS.

A green plat in a valley, in the North of England, is
called a haw; in Scotland, a small bit of ground, a
haugh. Ley, leaz and lea are old Saxon words for a
field or sward.

Some one, once upon a time, or before time was, the
knowing ones tell us, lived in a small green field. He
had no surname, no one had, but, assuming airs — per-
haps he had inherited some money — he chose a name.
What more appropriate than haw-leaz — or, if a Scots-
man, haugh-leaz, or lea? His friends and neighbors
were requested to address him as Mr. Haugh-Leaz — "a
hyphen, if you please."

The name looks well — quite imposing, indeed. But
friends and neighbors — especially friends — sometimes
feel called upon to discipline you for your good.
"Haugh-Leaz, Esq.," was too grand; the name might
engender pride. So they wrote him down Hauleigh, or
Hawles, or Haylea, or Haley, or Haulley, or Haylea,
finally arriving at Hawley. The name has also ap-
peared in old documents as de la Haye, and de la Hagh.
This means "of the hedge," or, freely rendered, living
near a hedge. This may have been the first form of
Hawley. Hay, haye, or have, are old Saxon for hedge.
Names perhaps derived from this root are Hay, Hayes,
Haynes, Hawes, Haworth, Hawton, Haywood, Hay-
ward, Heywood, Hayland, Roundhay, and Lyndshay.

Chaucer used haw-haw for a farmyard, and church-
hawe is church-yard.

In Kent there is a village named Hayeleigh, and we
find seats of the Hawleys in Kent — Leybourne Grange

169

170 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

— as well as in Somerset and Derbyshire. The home in
Kent is near that of the nobleman who had the fol-
lowing ambiguous notice posted up :

"Notice is hereby given that the Marquis of Camden
(on account of the backwardness of the harvest) will
not shoot himself nor any of his tenants till the 14th
of September."

Walter de Hauleigh is the first of the Hawley family
of whom record is preserved, and of him we know but
little. He was member of Parliament in the year of
grace 1377.

Thomas Hawley, messenger of the bedchamber to
Henry VIII., was with that monarch at the Field of the
Cloth of Gold. He was appointed king of arms and
herald, with the title, Clarenceux King of Arms. His
heraldic Visitation of Essex, Surrey, and Hampshire,
or a copy, is in the British Museum.

Sir Francis Hawley raised a troop of horse, at his
own expense, for Charles I., who created him a baronet
— Baron Hawley. Henry C. Hawley, brigadier-general,
was second in command of cavalry at Fontenoy in 1745,
succeeding to the command upon the death of the su-
perior officer. He was in command at Ghent, and,
according to Horace Walpole, frightened the magis-
trates out of their wits by kicking downstairs a mes-
senger sent with a bribe. In his will, which is an
eccentric one, he asks for a funeral without ostentation.
"I will have no show any more than if a poor soldier.
Written with my own hand, because I have a poor
opinion of the law." Benjamin Hawley was aide to
Lord Hill at Waterloo.

The Hawleys have always loved books, many being
veritable bookworms. There was Sir Joseph Hawley,
born in 1813, a noted turfman, who won many a race
with his thoroughbreds. He was devoted to books, and
left the most valuable library in Kent. The Shake-
speare scholar and librarian of the memorable library
at Stratford-on-Avon was Frederick Hawley, born 1827.
He made a catalogue of all the known editions oi

HAWLEY FAMILY 171

Shakespeare's plays in every language — the most com-
plete catalogue in existence.

Joseph Hawley, of Derbyshire, in 1629 started out
to seek his fortune in the New World. He settled in
Stratford, Conn., where he held the office of Town Clerk
and Treasurer, which office proved no sinecure, for
taxes were paid in wheat, peas, Indian corn, and the
like, which the collector must store, sell, or deliver for
shipment to distant markets. He was one of a com-
mittee to draft a patent, which is still preserved, signed
by Governor Robert Treat. Another forefather in
Stratford was Samuel. He may have been the son of
James Hawley, of Brentford, born 1558, for some of
the tatter's children were settlers here. Hawley, Mass.,
and Hawleyville, Conn., were thus named in honor of a
forefather. Another pilgrim was Thomas, who came
from Derbyshire, in 1650, to Eoxbury, Mass.

Patriots the Hawleys have always been, willing, when
necessary, to pledge their lives, their fortunes, and their
sacred honors. True to their flag, they have fought hard
in time of war. Gideon Hawley, of Connecticut, was
chaplain in the French and Indian war. David, Na-
than, and Abraham were in the Revolution. The chair-
man of the Massachusetts committee, sent to the Pro-
vincial Congress, 1774, was Joseph Hawley of North-
ampton.

General Joseph Eoswell Hawley, a member of the
Southern branch of the family, and born in North
Carolina, removed to Hartford, Conn., and was Gover-
nor of that State. The meeting for the organization of
the Republican party was held in his office, at his call,
February 4, 1856. He was a believer in the American
people and the "American way."

Family tradition gives us much interesting data.
There is the account of the marriage of Nathan Haw-
ley, of Stratford, and Silence Mallory. Wedding cere-
monies lasted several days, with dances and feasting
and much merrymaking. When Nathan and Silence
wished to entertain their friends in their new home,

172 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

that they might not incur a fine in case the guests
remained after nine o'clock, they obtained permission
for their party from a town officer. No one was allowed
to entertain company after nine in the evening. Part
of the frolic of a wedding celebration was to bar the
pathway of the newly married, when they wended their
way to their new home. Obstacles of various kinds
were placed in their path; trees were sometimes felled,
or grapevines tied across the road.

The arms reproduced, that of Thomas, of Roxbury,
are: Vert, a ealtire or St. Andrew's cross, engrailed,
argent.

Crest: A dexter arm in armor, proper, garnished or,
holding in the hand a spear, in bend, sinister, point
downward, also proper.

Motto : Suivez moi — "Follow me." Et suivez moi is
used as one Hawley motto. These are the arms of the
present owner of Leybourne Grange, Kent. The crest
of the Hawleys of County Hants, England, is a winged
thunderbolt. This family is descended from Francis,
Lord Hawley, so created in the seventeenth century.
One member was Robert, who married Susan, daughter
of Lord Saye and Sele.

Regarding the symbolism of the arms reproduced, a
saltire denotes resolution; engrailed signifies land or
earth; an arm in armor, one fitted for performance of
high enterprises; the spear was bestowed only upon a
valiant soldier, and is emblematic of knightly service
and devotion to honor.

HORTON FAMILY

NAME OF ANGLO-SAXON DERIVATION — OLDEST FRAME
HOUSE IN UNITED STATES BUILT BY A HORTON —
A CAUTIOUS FATHER AND His TOMBSTONE — HER-
ALDIC CHARGES SYMBOLIZE SINCERITY AND
LOYALTY

Horton, a name of Anglo-Saxon derivation, admits
of little, if any, variation; Horten, Hortun, and Hor-
toun being perhaps the only ones. It is from ort, or
wort, meaning herbs or vegetables, and tun, an en-
closure, or a garden. Horton is the name of towns
in Kent, York, Chester, Dorset, and Gloucester. In
Norway there is a place called Horten; Ville de Horta
is a town in the Azores.

What is perhaps the oldest frame house in the United
States was built on Long Island by Barnabas Horton.
This house was still standing a few years ago. Bar-
nabas was born, 1600, in Leicestershire, England, and
came over in the Swallow, 1635, with wife and two
sons, Joseph and Benjamin. Eight children were born
here. The captain of the Swallow was a Horton, Jer-
emy by name.

If you want a name for your family chart, dating
back to the sixteenth century, put down Joseph, father
of Barnabas, the pilgrim. We can go farther back, and
find Robert de Horton, lord of the Manor of Horton, or
Great Horton, before 1310, but just where he comes in,
or where any of the present generation of American
Hortons come in with reference to him, it is impossible
to say. Ancestors have ways that are dark ; that is, they
remind you that, "now you have me, and now you
haven't."

In the time of Charles I., William Horton, of How-
royde, was a man of some importance — enough so to
have his name handed down to the present day. Sud-
brooke Park, Petersham, is one seat of the family, and

177

178 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

it was the home of the author and statesman, Sir Robert
Horton, Governor of Ceylon, knighted in 1830. It was
his wife, Lady Beatrix, who was the subject of Byron's
lines, "She walks in beauty."

To go back to our first American ancestor, Barnabas.
He went first to Massachusetts, and then to Long
Island in 1640, with twelve other Puritans. The fateful
number of thirteen had no terrors for them. Southold
was the town they founded, and any Horton of to-day
who can hark back to Barnabas is eligible for member-
ship with colonial societies, for Barnabas was a magis-
trate, and member of the court. As he had the fore-
sight to provide himself with a tombstone — perhaps
before he left England — his grave is still marked, and a
few years ago, that is, about fifty, his stone was relet-
tered. It is down in the records, that, of the thirteen,
he was the only one whose Lares and Penates included
a monument, and it is said that he had the epitaph
engraved upon it himself. The writer understands that
the epitaph is not uncomplimentary, but rather the
reverse. He died eighty years young.

Thomas, of Springfield, and Jeremiah, also of Massa-
chusetts, were other pioneers.

The New York branch of the family was founded
by Joseph, of the second generation, and to trace back
to him is to find an ancestor with a record, for he was
selectman, justice of the peace, and captain of militia.
He had five sons and several daughters.

When it comes to Revolutionary ancestors, there are
enough and to spare, so that every one in good standing
can have a few. Jonathan, of the fifth generation, of
Long Island, was one of the signers of the "Pledge for
Independence/' in 1775. Colonel Nathan was a bold
soldier, and on guard at the execution of Andre. The
gun he carried at the time is now a relic treasured by
descendants in North Carolina.

Others in the Revolution, from New Jersey, were
Captain Joseph and Surgeon Jonathan; from New
York, Captains Ambrose and Thomas, and Lieutenant

HORTON FAMILY 179

William; from Massachusetts, Lieutenant Jotham and
Ensign Elisha; from Connecticut, Captain James.

Major John Horton began as a wagoner; he was son
of Lieutenant Israel, also a soldier. A valiant fore-
mother whose record has been handed down was Deb-
orah Ferry Horton, one of the number who spent the
night in the famed "Forty Fort," the night after the
Wyoming massacre.

Of old Jason Horton, of Long Island, the story is
told that he was a strict observer of the Sabbath, and
it hurt his feelings and grieved his honest soul that a
neighbor appropriated the day to cutting wood for his
family. Jason took the matter into his own hands, and
deposited a load of wood at the door of his friend, who
not only accepted the wood, but the hint, and no longer
sawed wood on Sunday. "They all worked but father,"
and after the episode, he didn't even saw wood — on the
Lord's Day.

The coat-armor reproduced is ascribed to Barnabas
and is: Gules, a lion, rampant, argent, charged on the
breast with a boar's head, couped, azure; a bordure en-
grailed of the second.

Crest : A red rose seeded and barbed proper.

Motto : Pro rege et lege — "For king and law."

This is also the motto of the Stewart family. The
lion is a valued charge of great dignity; the boar, the
bearing of a warrior, and also the symbol of hospitality.
Engrailed denotes land; the rose, hope; gules, mag-
nanimity ; argent, sincerity ; azure, loyalty.

Another Horton motto is Quod vult, valde vult —
"What he wills, he wills heartily and cordially."

LOOMIS FAMILY

NAME FOUND THROUGHOUT THE WORLD — THEORIES
REGARDING ORIGIN OF NAME — POETS, ARTISTS,
PROFESSIONAL MEN AND ONE MARTYR — FAMILY
RECORDS IN BRITISH MUSEUM AND AMERICAN
HISTORICAL SOCIETIES

Joseph Loomis, a woolen draper of Braintree, Essex
County, England, with five sons and three daughters,
sought a home in the New World in 1638. They came
over in the ship Susan and Ellen, and settled in Wind-
sor, Conn., the following year. The record of his first
years in the colony is ureserved by the Historical So-
ciety of Connecticut.

He died, 1658, aged about seventy years. His land
at Windsor was upon what was called "the Island."
The place is still owned by descendants and is believed
to be the oldest homestead now standing in the United
States. Over one and one-half million dollars have
been left by Joseph's lineal descendants, of the last
few generations, to convert the estate into an educa-
tional institute for boys and girls.

Edward Lomas, another pilgrim, settled in Ipswich,
Mass., in 1648. He was born in London about 1606.
He had six children. His descendants, found in many
States, vary the orthography of the name, although
Lummis is the usual form. Some write themselves
down Loomis, others, without much rhyme or reason,
it would seem, are Lamos. The descendants of Joseph
are mostly known as Loomis. He and his sons, doubt-
less thinking "variety the spice of life," used a num-
ber of forms, ringing the changes on Looms, Loomes,
Loomas, Lomis, Loomax, Lumax, and Lomys. The
will of Deacon John, son of Joseph, dated August 27,
1688, is signed Loomys. His is one of the oldest monu-
ments in the Windsor Cemetery. He was a representa-
tive to the Legislature for many years. The names
of Joseph's five sons are mentioned prominently in old

185

186 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

records of both Windsor and Hartford, as "selectmen,
jurors and troopers."

Of Edward's four sons, one, also named Edward,
settled in New Jersey. Lumnms and Lomaks are speci-
mens of the way they thought their names should be
written upon occasions.

True to their coat-armor, which symbolizes, among
other things, military strength, we find the Loomis
family have their war record.

In Great Britain there was James Lumax, lieuten-
ant-general. To the home of their adoption they proved
loyal. Joseph, a descendant of Joseph the first, was
in the Continental Army of the Revolution ; also Benja-
min of Windsor, whose wife was Chloe, daughter of
Josiah Brown, a Revolutionary soldier; Jonathan, of
Vermont, was a corporal, who played his part manfully,
and Gustavus, of Vermont, was in the War of 1812.
Nor must we forget Benaiah, a Revolutionary soldier.

Before the third decade of the nineteenth century
ten of the name had been graduated from college. The
law seems to have been a favorite profession. Ar-
phaxed Loomis, born in Winchester, Conn., in 1798, was
a judge, an able speaker and a writer. Dwight Loomis,
also from the land of steady habits, was another judge.
James was Mayor and (Connecticut State) Senator.
Osbert was an artist of renown. Elias Loomis was
the scientific man of the family. He was born in
Connecticut in 1811. A graduate and professor of
Yale College, he wrote many valuable text books, and
was the first American to see Bailey's comet on its
return in 1835.

One of the poets of the family was Harvey Worthing-
ton Loomis, who wrote "The Flag Goes By."
"Hats off!

Along the street there comes
A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums,
A flash of color beneath the sky,

Hats off,
The flag is passing by!"

LOOMIS FAMILY 187

It is not easy to believe that a name of such modest
proportions as Loomis, started out as Lumhalghes. That
such is a fact has been proved to the satisfaction of
many members of the Loomis family.

They trace the name to Oliverus de Lumhalghes, who
held lands in Lancaster County, England, in 1435. The
name also appears as "del Lumhalghe," in records of
the time of Henry VI. Radus del Lumhalghes was a
landowner in Bury, Lancaster, about the middle of
the fifteenth century. The supposition is that this
name, which looks so ponderous, was pronounced in
two syllables; "h" is only an aspirate and the final "e"
is silent. This gives a word Lumalg or Lumalgs, and
it is the easiest thing in the world to pronounce this
Loomis, is it not ? Perhaps not at the first attempt, for
there are other variants of the name in old records —
Lomax, Lomas, Lommes, Lommas and Lomatz being
examples.

For the benefit of the skeptic, who rejects this the-
ory of the origin of the name, another one is given
which seems more plausible. Loma is a Spanish word
meaning a little hill, the plural being lomas. The first
of the Lomas family was one who lived in Spain, and
on or near a loma. In support of this theory it may
be said that the name, variously spelled, is common
in Spain, and also in Italy. Lomas was a Spanish
poet of the sixteenth century. Lomazzo was an Italian
painter of the same century. He took his name from
the village of Lomazzo, near Lake Como. He was sum-
moned to Florence by Cosmo de Medicis, who made
him guardian of a gallery of 4,000 paintings. Lomazzi
is another Italian form of the name. One of the gov-
ernors of the province of Saragossa was Eduardo de la
Lomas. The name in France is Lomas; in Germany,
Lommatsch.

The advocates of the theory of a Spanish origin of
the name say it can be traced to the year 1400, to one
Loma, and that his descendants went to Italy and to
England. The name has always been prominent in

188 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

England. In the Manchester records of 1497 a Lawrens
Lomatz is mentioned. The arms of Lawrent Lomax,
of Eye, Suffolk County, are recorded in a Visitation
which has a place in the British Museum. The pedi-
gree of Joshua Lomax, who died in 1685, is found in
Pedigrees of Hertfordshire. He was the owner of a
manor. The family has its martyr, in the person of
John Lomas, burned at Canterbury for heresy, its mem-
bers of Parliament, and its graduates of Oxford and
Eton.

Forms of the name have been favorites for geo-
graphical nomenclature. For example, Lomiswyl, or
Lomisville, is the name of a village in Switzerland; in
Saxony there is a town called Lommatsch; in Africa
we find Loma Hill ; in the Argentine Republic, Lomas,
and Point Loma at San Diego, California.

The illustrated arms are : Argent, between two palets,
gules, three fleur-de-lis in pale, sable, a chief, azure.

Crest: On a chapeau, a pelican vulning herself,
proper.

Motto: N"e cede malis — "Yield not to adversity."

This coat-armor was used by Joseph, the Windsor
forefather, who spelled his name indifferently, Loomis
or Lomas.

Regarding the symbolism, palet, a diminutive of the
pale, has the same meaning as pale, namely, military
strength and fortitude, and was given to those who
had impaled or otherwise defended cities, or who had
supported the government of their sovereigns, "by stand-
ing up uprightly for prince and country/' Fleur-de-lis
were often granted to those who had taken part in the
French wars. The pelican signifies devoted and self-sac-
rificing charity. The pelican, feeding her young,
adorned the altars of many Egyptian temples, and was
represented as vulning or wounding herself with her
beak, or "in her piety," that is, surrounded by her
young, whom she was feeding. The pelican is the de-
vice of the inner Temple, London.

MANNING FAMILY

BRAVE AND VALIANT, MEANING OF NAME — EARLY
GRANTS OF LAND IN ENGLAND — KNIGHTED m
THE HOLY WARS

Manning is from an old Norse word — manning! —
meaning a brave or valiant man, and one of the first
forms of the name was Mannin; another orthography
was Mannyng.

One historian gives a Saxon origin for the family,
which he calls "ancient and noble." According to him,
Manning was the name of a town in Saxony, and from
thence the family of Great Britain sprung. Others
make Mannheim, Germany, the cradle of the family,
and begin its history, with Ranulph, or Rudolph de
Manning, Count Palatine, who, having married Elgida,
aunt to King Harold I., of England, had a grant of
land in Kent. His name is also written de Mannheim —
Rudolph of Mannheim.

His place in Kent was Downe Court, and there
the Mannings have been a power ever since. Simon
de Manning, called a grandson of Ranulph, was the
first of the English barons to take up the cross, and
go forth to the Holy Wars. He was a companion of
Richard I., Cceur de Lion, and knighted on the bat-
tlefield. We can easily see where the cross, of the
coat-of-arms illustrated, comes from. At Downe Court
these arms are seen graven upon tombstones of the
Mannings. By the thirteenth century the family was
well represented in over a score of countries, and several
towns bear their names — Manningham, Yorkshire, and
Mannington, Norfolk.

In the "new world" the Mannings have always been
well represented. In 1634, William of Kent, made a
home at Cambridge, Mass. ; about the same time we find
John and Thomas at Ipswich ; another John and George

191

at Boston; in 1662, Nicholas at Salem, Mass., and in
1676 Jeffrey Manning in New Jersey. The story of a
forefather who "ran away" should come in right here,
but details are lacking to make the story complete, and
where he ran from or what he ran for must be left
to the imagination.

William of Cambridge is regarded as the ancestor of
the Mannings of Vermont, Connecticut, and New York.
His grandsons were Ohio pioneers.

A few years ago, and perhaps at the present, the
house Samuel, grandson of William, built at Billerica
was standing; for 175 years it was the home of the
Mannings, and possibly it, or the other, is still owned
by the family. The house, a frame one, was built of
brick on the north side, like all houses of the time.

William, of Cambridge, and Susannah, his wife, had
one son, William, born 1614, in England — perhaps
their only child. He married Dorothy, and they had
five children — two were sons. He was a surveyor, select-
man, member of the grand jury, and one of the pillars
of the church. When it was decided to call a new
pastor, he was sent to England to ask Rev. Urian
Oakes to accept the position, which he did, and later
he became president of Harvard. To William Man-
ning, Jr., and John Cooper was entrusted the task of
collecting funds for the building of Harvard Hall.

In 1635, Thomas and John Manning, born in Eng-
land, were living in Virginia. Stephen Mannering (not
Manning, although this may have been the correct spell-
ing), in 1677, confessed, with others: "We have bin
notoriously actors in ye late horrid rebellion, set on foot
by Nathaniel Bacon." We confess ourselves traitors
and will never, no never do so again, is the sum and
substance of the confession, although not exactly thus
worded.

Mme. Washington, wife of Colonel John Washington,
said to Manning, "If you had been advised by your wife
you would not have come to this pass." "Madame," he
replied, "if I were to doe, I could doe it again." We all

194 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

admire his spirit, and, in passing, we ask, did any man
ever follow his wife's advice ; indeed, did he ever ask it ?

In Spottsylvania County, Va., Andrew and James
Manning were living about 1770, and in Princess Anne
county, Henry K. Manning. The family was promi-
nent in South Carolina, where there is a town, Man-
ning, in Clarendon County. Thomas Manning was one
of the Council of Safety, S. C., in 1775.

The picturesque figure of this story is Captain John
Manning, whose career, on both land and water, was
noteworthy. He was born in England. In 1667 we find
him high sheriff of New York City, a judge, and a
commander on the high seas, "fit for any employment
in the militia," as the Earl of Clarendon wrote to the
King. In 1673, the Dutch fleet arrived with the enter-
prising purpose of annexing Manhattan Island.

Demanding the surrender of Fort James, it was given
up, and straightway Captain John returned to England
to explain to the King how impossible it was to hold
the fort with but a handful of men. The King, turn-
ing to the Duke of York, said, "Brother, the ground
could not be maintained with so few men." Manning
was thus exonerated, and returned to New York in
the same ship with Governor Andros. At one time
the Captain was fined twenty shillings, because it was
Baid that he had traded with the Dutch, and his vessel
was advertised to be "sould at Milford, on Tuesday
next, at three o'clock in ye afternoon by an inch of a
candell, he that offers most to have her."

The Captain spent his last years on what is now
called Blackwell's Island, New York City. He owned
the island, and it was called Manning, or Manningham.
His stepdaughter, Mary, married, in 1676, Robert
Blackwell, and the island has since gone by this name.
It is not known whether the Captain had any children.

The family has its war record, and one to be proud
of. Representatives are found in all colonial wars. Ben-
jamin, Daniel, David, Thomas, and Samuel were among
the number. Diah (where did he pick up this name?),

MANNING FAMILY 195

of Connecticut, was a drummer of Washington's Life
Guards. Lieutenant Lawrence Manning, of the Conti-
nental army, was father of Eichard Irvine Manning,
Governor of South Carolina, where he was born, at
Hickory Hill, Clarendon county. Governor Manning
entertained Lafayette upon his second visit, and his
wife is recorded as the wife, sister, niece, aunt, mother,
and foster-mother of a governor. John Lawrence, son
of Eichard Irvine, was one of South Carolina's Gov-
ernors, and his wife was the daughter of General Wade
Hampton.

Captain Ephraim Manning of Connecticut was in the
"Lexington Alarm." Hezekiah, a soldier, who died in
1802, has the epitaph :

"Praises on tombs are
Trifles vainly spent,
A man's good name
Is his best monument."

As scholars the Mannings have few equals, and many
have been bright and shining literary lights. The first
"popular" history of England was written by Eobert
Manning, in the time of Edward III., whom he calls
"Edward of Inglond."

Owen Manning, of the early part of the eighteenth
century, was called the historian of Surrey.

Thomas Manning, the explorer, visited Napoleon at
St. Helena. He was a friend of Lamb, who mentions
him in the "Essays of Elia." The family also has its
statesmen — one of recent years having been a member
of the Cabinet. The founder of Brown University,
Ehode Island — or one — was James Manning, born
1738, in New Jersey.

Marriage connections include the Ainsworths, Aver-
ills, Lockharts, Dempseys, Frosts, Cheneys, Darbys, and
Darlings. Favorite names are Alonzo, Anthony, Adella,
and all the other names beginning with "A" ; Dorcas,
Nancy, Elona, Lucius, and Unity, and all the other
names beginning with "U"; Mahalaleel, and other like
unpronouncable names.

196 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEEICA

The coat-of-arms illustrated is blazoned: Gules, a
cross-flory, between four trefoils, slipped, or.

Crest: An eagle's head, sable, between two ostrich
feathers, argent, issuing from a ducal coronet, or.

Motto: Per ardua stabilis — "Steady in difficulties."

A cross often denotes Crusader ancestry; trefoils,
peace, joy, and hope; an eagle, one occupied in high
and weighty affairs; ostrich feathers, willing obedi-
ence.

This coat-armor was borne by William Manning, of
Cambridge. Burke gives several arms for the Manning
family, but all are similar for the Kent, Sussex, Ches-
ter, and Norfolk Mannings.

The Mannings of New York bear the same arms as
the descendants of William — that is the one here illus-
trated.

The bookplate of a William Manning is still extant.
It is in a publication entitled "The British Theatre,"
dated London, 1791. The bookplate is quarterly; azure
and gules, a cross-flory, argent, between four trefoils,
slipped, or.

Crest: An eagle's head, sable, between two ostrich
feathers, argent.

It is suggested that William, owner of the book-
plate, may at one time have lived in Virginia, and
may have been the William Manning who, during the
Revolution, was in correspondence with John Laurens,
aide to Washington. Many of their letters have been
preserved.

MARTIN FAMILY

A WARLIKE RACE — NAME ON BATTLE ABBEY ROLL — A
PURITAN OF THE GOOD OLD STOCK, ABRAHAM,
LEFT MONEY FOR FIRST CHURCH BELL

Martin is a Norman name meaning warlike.

William Martin of Tours went over with the Con-
queror, as a general in the Norman army. To his
share fell the barony of Cemmes, or Kemeys, in County
Pembroke, and he became Baron of Kemeys, and also
Lord of Combe-Martin of Martinshoe in Devon. He
had one son, Baron Robert Fitz-Martin (or "son of
Martin"), who married Maud Peverell.

They had a son — Baron of Darlington, Devon, who
left sons, William and Oliver, and from William, sec-
ond Baron of Darlington, born 1160, all of English
lineage, bearing the name Martin, are descended, and
from Oliver, who settled in Galway, are descended all
of the Irish lineage.

No sooner had Martin de Tours acquired vast estates
than he devoted a portion of his wealth to the founding
of a monastery for Benedictine monks at St. Dogmael's
near Cardigan. This monastery was dedicated to St.
Segwell, and was annexed as a cell to the Abbey of
Tyrone in France. This institution was endowed with
lands by Robert Fitz-Martin, the son of the founder.

Martin de Tours and his successors were summoned
to the King's council, as barons of Cemmaes, and con-
tinued to be lords in the English Parliament. The
third baron married Augharad, daughter of Rhys,
Prince of Wales.

In the reign of Henry II., William Martin, a lord
of Cemmaes, was sent with the Abbot of St. Augustine
and other persons of note into different counties of
England to make inquisition touching the behavior of
all sheriffs, bailiffs, and other officers, likewise of all
archbishops, bishops, abbots, friars, earls, barons, vava-
sors, knights, citizens, and burgesses.

199

200 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

In 1245 Nicholas, the fifth lord of Cemmaes, for
services to the King, obtained license for a market
every week and a yearly fair at his manor.

South Moulton, in Devonshire, was held by the Mar-
tin family by service of finding a man with a bow and
three arrows to attend the Earl of Gloucester when
he was hunting in the neighborhood.

It is believed that from the barons of Cemmaes, whose
ancestor was Martin de Tours, are descended those of
the family of Martin who came to New England.

More than one knight, or man-at-arms, is recorded
in the Eoll of Battle Abbey as bearing the name of
Martin. It is perhaps superfluous to explain of what
this roll of Battle Abbey consisted. On October 4, A.
D. 1066, the battle of Hastings was fought, and William
the Norman was seated upon the throne of England
under the historic title of William the Conqueror. Close-
by the field of Hastings William caused a stately pile
to be erected, which was named Battle Abbey in com-
memoration of his victory. A roll, or catalogue, was
prepared, in which was carefully recorded the names
and titles of the Norman chivalry who had followed
William's banner in the enterprise. This was the
famous Eoll of Battle, or "Battel," Abbey. It has been
of inestimable service to the herald, the genealogist, and
the historian. Some portions of the abbey still remain.

Battle Abbey was dedicated to St. Martin. In the
"Chronicles of Eobert of Gloucester" are the lines:
"And ther as the bataile was

An Abbey he let rere,
Of Saint Martin for the soules
That there slayn were."

The patron saint of the family is St. Martin, the
son of a Eoman military tribune, who was born at
Sabaria, a city in Hungary, about A. D. 316. The
saint attained great celebrity on account of his sanctity.
The festival of St. Martin, which occurs November 11,
was instituted by Pope Martin, about A. D. 650. Upon
that day the casks of new wine were tapped.

202 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Our English ancestors kept the feast by the con-
sumption of roasted goose. The old tradition is that
St. Martin hid himself on account of his unwillingness
to become a bishop, but his retreat was discovered
through a goose.

No less than seven churches in London and West-
minster are dedicated to St. Martin. The excessive ad-
miration of the saint led to many towns being named
in his honor, and pious parents, when bestowing his
name in baptism, felt that they had insured a potent
protector for the new-born child.

The variations of the name are Martyn, Marttin,
Marten, Martain, Marteen, Martine and Martin.

The immigrant ancestor was John Martin, one of
the founders of the town of Swansea, Massachusetts.
He had five sons and four daughters, each of whom
married and had a family. Robert Martin, in 1640,
settled at Weymouth, Massachusetts, afterwards Reho-
both. Among other early settlers of the Martin family
were Abraham, Isaac, Richard, and Samuel. The latter
was born in Lancashire, England, May 2, 1760, and
was a son of Richard Martin, nicknamed "Mad Dick,"
who was a member of Parliament. Samuel Martin's
wife was Jane Trotter, daughter of a landed proprietor
of Belfast, Ireland.

From the bequests of Abraham Martin, who died in
1670, it may be inferred that he was a Puritan of the
good old stock and solicitous for the welfare of the
colony. He left three pounds, ten shillings, for the
"pastours;" one pound "towards the incompassing of
the burying ground;" ten shillings to be laid out in
the making of a bier, and one pound "for the pro-
curement of a bell to call the people to God's worship."
In those early days, before the introduction of bells,
it was customary to beat the drum to give notice of the
time of public worship. It is, therefore, possible that
the colony was indebted to a Martin for its first church
bell.

The Bible of John Martin, the immigrant, is still

MARTIN FAMILY 203

extant. This he left to all his children, but its home
was to be with the eldest son. Similar provision was
made for another valuable volume, the "Book Gran-
tham," as he calls it in his will. This book, which ia
now in the possession of a descendant, is an exposition
of the views of the Baptists, and was written in 1678
by a Thomas Grantham, of London. On the margins
of the leaves of the book are various curious inscriptions,
written by members of the family, whose penmanship
was unique, orthography sui generis, and punctua-
tion nil.

The most important legend is this :

"You all my friends desired are to wash your hands
and read with care."

On another page is written:

"Manasseh Martin, his book, the 9th part ; my father
gave this book to his 9 children and i am his 4th son,
Manasseh Martin."

On one of the last pages is written :

•"I find this book was my grait grandfather's John
Martin's ho brought it out of old Ingland. I have
perused this book and find it worthy of any serus par-
sons considration."

The Martins seem to have been a patriotic family ; at
least, the number of those who have applied for pen-
sions, at different times, runs into the hundreds. Cap-
tain Simeon Martin, of Providence, Rhode Island,
fourth from immigrant John, was one of the first to
enlist in the Revolution. He was later adjutant-gen-
eral and major-general of the militia of his State, and
at one time Lieutenant-Governor.

Ebenezer Martin served in the first brigade of Mas-
sachusetts, 1781. Captain George Martin was engaged
in scouting expeditions. Another George Martin was
deputy quartermaster in the Revolution.

Martins also served in the Indian wars. A Joha
Martin was interpreter of the Indian campaign during
King Philip's war, and a Richard Martin advanced

204 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

£1 5s. 4d. towards carrying on the war against Philip.

Upon the Martin arms appear two red bars on a
white or silver shield, or in the language of heraldry:
Argent, two bars, gules.

Crest : A red star of six points, or an estoile gules.

This coat-of-arms is found cut on a tombstone in
Copp's Hill graveyard, Boston, with simply the name
Martyn underneath.

At what time or for what particular achievement
these arms were bestowed is not known, but in 1675,
in "The Baronage of England," these arms were given
with an account of the Somersetshire family of Martin.

A Michael Martin, born at Pembroke, and living in
Boston, 1700, used this coat -arm or.

William Martin of Woodbury, Connecticut, 1680,
bore: Gules, on a chevron, or, three talbots passant,
sable.

Crest : On a globe, or, a falcon rising argent, gorged
with a ducal coronet.

The arms ascribed to Colonel John Martin of Vir-
ginia are: Gules, a chevron, between three crescents,
argent.

No crest is given. Colonel Martin was a burgess
from Caroline County, 1738, and from King William
County, 1752. He married Martha Burwell.

According to heraldic lore, a star is supposed to
symbolize the Creator, its rays, which point in every
direction, indicating the all-pervading attributes of the
Supreme Being. The presence, therefore, of a star in a
coat-of-arms implies the existence of the presumption
of pre-eminent qualities in its possessor. Gules, or
red, signifies strength or boldness; the spotless white
of argent, chaste and virtuous qualities, and, when com-
bined with red, purity and courage.

MERRITT FAMILY

IN THE NEW WORLD, FOUNDERS OF TOWNS — BUILDERS
OF CHURCHES — ONE COLONIAL MAYOR OF NEW
YORK WAS OF THIS FAMILY — ALWAYS RANGED
ON THE SIDE OF LIBERTY — HERALDIC EMBLEMS
DENOTE SINCERITY, GENEROSITY, ELEVATION OF
MIND

Those who have spent time and money in tracing
the Merritt lineage tell us that we must place upon the
topmost bough of the family tree Eadnoth, a Thane
of Somersetshire in 1041. His son was Harding de
Meriet, and there is a full pedigree of his descendants,
down to 1418, when the last one, Thomas Meriet of
Wiltshire, disappeared.

Placed upon the family tree, therefore, Eadnoth is
only for ornament, and we must begin all over again
to arrive at a tangible forefather. But, sad to relate,
with all patience and digging, we are not able to point,
with any degree of accuracy, to any one Merritt and
claim him as progenitor of any one American branch.

The arms illustrated are borne by the Merritts of
Wiltshire, and therefore we claim Wiltshire as the
cradle of the American line.

All along the ages Merritts have lived in Berkshire,
Cheshire, Cornwall, Devon, Essex, Surrey, and other
parts of England. London, we may say, has always
been fairly alive with Merritts, with the orthography
varied — Merryett is one form; Merryt, Marrete, Mer-
riat, Myrreat, de Merioth, de Meriet, and de Meryett
are other forms.

If the name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word
maer, or maera, it means renowned, illustrious. In
French, the name is Meret. Present day forms are Mer-
ritt, Merrett, Merrit, and Meritt. Nearly 2,000 years
B. C. we read of Queen Merit Amen, but she can hardly
be regarded as the founder of the family.

207

208 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEEICA

The plant genus Merrettia — one of the algae — helps
to perpetuate the name. This was so called by the
botanist Gray, in honor of Christopher Merret, of Lon-
don, physician, writer, and botanist. The latter's col-
lection of plants is preserved in an English herbarium,
and his catalogue of plants is in the British Museum.
He was the son of Christopher, of Gloucestershire, and
born in 1614.

A founder of one American branch of the family was
Ezekiel, whose name is found in Rhode Island records,
1639. Henry, of Kent, England, came to America
before 1628 and became a large landed proprietor in
Massachusetts. He had two sons, John and Henry,
residents of Scituate.

James Merritt was a resident of Boston, 1655.

One of the proprietors and founders of Rye, West-
chester County, N. Y., was John Merritt, who came
from Kent, England, in 1680. With his wife, Glori-
anna, he afterward removed to Newburgh.

Another with proprietor's rights at Rye was Thomas,
surveyor, who was on the commission to settle the
boundary line between Rye and Greenwich. It is sup-
posed that he was born in Connecticut, where he mar-
ried for his second wife, about 1687, Abigail Francis.
Besides property at Rye, he owned land at White
Plains.

Thomas is an ancestor to reckon with. He held
every important official position. In Connecticut he
was deputy to the general court. At Rye, he was towns-
man or trustee, Indian commissioner, on the committee
to build a church and to choose a minister, and was
vestryman.

He was one of the number to whom the patent of
Rye was granted, at Hartford, in 1696. His name
appears upon some records spelled Marrit. One trans-
fer of property was of forty acres at White Plains for
£40. His children were Thomas, Joseph, Ephraim, and
Samuel. Thomas, the eldest son, has the title sergeant.

He was one of the surveyors of the White Plains

210 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

purchase, 1699. He also was an officeholder. His
wife was Mary Ferris, and they had five children.

Another son of Thomas, senior, was Joseph, who was
ensign in the Westcheeter County militia, 1722.

Among marriage connections of this branch of the
family are Hyatts, Underbills, Haights, Thealls, Brun-
dages, and Purdys.

It was at the house of William Merritt, near Port
Chester, that General Putnam attended a ball on the
night before the British forces marched into Connecti-
cut. He was dancing, when a soldier came with the
news that the redcoats were coming.

A prominent man of affairs in New York City was
William Merritt, navigator, born in England. He
came to New York in 1671 in command of a ship, and
then abandoned the sea to become a merchant. He
was alderman of New York, and later was mayor of
the city. He bore the title of lieutenant, and was one
of a committee to provide material for fortifications of
the city. In 1695 he and other members of the Church
of England petitioned for leave to buy land to build
a church. This was Trinity Church, which he helped to
build, and he and his son were its first vestrymen. In
seeking to procure funds for building he asked that
the money collected for ransoming slaves be paid over to
the committee, "as some of said Christians are dead and
others have escaped."

William Merritt afterward removed to Orange
County, being one of the founders of that branch of the
family.

The New Jersey branch dates back to Samuel, John,
and Darius, who settled in Morris County in 1774.

Nathaniel, of Westchester County, surveyor and tax
collector, removed to Nova Scotia. His son, Jesse, also
a surveyor, became a member of the Society of Friends.
It was the bright eyes of Mary Cornelius, a Quaker
maiden, that first attracted him to this religious body.
Their marriage certificate, still preserved, bears the
names of nearly thirty witnesses. It is dated 1789.

MERKITT FAMILY 211

They "declared their intention of marriage with each
other before two meetings at Westbury, Long Island,
according to the good order used among them, and hav-
ing the consent of parents and nothing appearing to
obstruct, was approved by said meeting."

We find representatives of the family in Delaware,
Maryland, and Virginia. John "Merriot" was taxed in
Maryland, 1681. Henry Merritt was transferred to the
colony of Virginia, lower Norfolk County, June 18,
1650. Charles Merrett was a member of the Virginia
militia, from Surrey County, in 1687. Here certainly
is a fine collection of ancestors for descendants of the
present day to pick and choose from.

The Merrits have always been among the first to
range themselves on the side of liberty. One of the
earliest if not the earliest of protests against imposts
was that of 1669, and we find among the signers Samuel
Merritt, of Marblehead, Mass.

The list of soldiers in Philip's war gives the names
of John Merrit and John Merrett. Another John — the
name seems to have bestowed a warlike spirit — was with
"the flower of Essex," under Captain Lathrop, Septem-
ber 18, 1675.

Joseph Merritt, son of Thomas, of Rye, was ensign
in the Westchester County militia, 1722. The roster
of New York State troops of the Revolution gives the
names of Amos Merritt, corporal; Sylvanus, drummer,
with a long line of privates.

In the good old times, when large families were the
rule rather than the exception, the Merritts had olive
branches to boast of, and Biblical names abounded. We
find Noah, Isaac, Joshua, Jonathan, Elisha, and Mal-
achi. Skipping over into the New Testament, there
were Luke and Barnabas — these all brothers. In an-
other family we have Patty and Polly and Billy.

Notable members of the family are Edwin Merritt,
of Vermont, Consul-General to London, a descendant
of Henry, who came from Kent, and on his mother's
side, of John Rogers, a martyr to religious persecution,

212 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

having been burned at the stake in 1554. Edwin Mer-
ritt removed from Vermont to St. Lawrence County,
New York.

Timothy Merritt, of Connecticut, born in 1775, had
fame as a preacher and writer. The artist of the family
was Henry Merritt, of London, whose wife, Anna Lea,
was also an artist, or became one after her husband's
death.

Writing his biography, to supply a portrait, she
studied the art of etching, which led to her adopting it
as a profession.

The Merritt arms reproduced are : Barry of six, ar-
gent and sable, a bend ermines. It was borne by Chris-
topher Merrett, and is said to have been granted to
him in 1666. It is possible that he inherited it, for
arms of this description, so simple in character, belong
to very ancient times.

Merritts of Wiltshire bear : Barry of six, or and sable,
a bend ermines.

Fairbairn gives a crest for Merrett, viz., out of a
ducal coronet, a demi-salmon. But it is not stated
to which branch it belongs. John Merrett, of Rye and
Newburgh, bore the arms here reproduced, and the
same are seen cut upon Merritt tombstones in St. John's
churchyard, Providence, R. I., with a talbot's head for
crest.

One stone is inscribed: "John Merrett, of London,
merchant, to Boston 1728, died 1770, aged 70 years."
Another stone bears the name of his wife, Margaret,
who died in 1769. It is supposed that they came from
Wiltshire, as their arms are the arms of that branch of
the family.

A Merritt motto is: Mereo merito, which may be
freely translated, "I deserve what I am worth."

Regarding symbolism of the tinctures and colors of
the Merritt arms, argent or silver signifies peace and
sincerity; sable or black, constancy; or or gold, gen-
erosity and elevation of mind.

MINER FAMILY

RECORDS BEGIN CENTURIES AGO — PROMINENT IN COLO-
NIAL RECORDS — MIGHTY WITH PEN AND SWORD —
WILLIAM MINER WAS THE "FLOWER OF CHIV-
ALRY"

Edward III., going to war against France, passed
through Mendippe Hills, Somerset County. Henry
Miner lived there, and arming his retainers with battle
axes he proffered himself and his men to his master's
service, making a "compleate hundred," as the old rec-
ord has it.

Henry died in 1359. He left several sons. The bride
of one was Henreta, daughter of the Lord of Beverston
Castle, Gloucester. Another bride of a later date was
also Henretta, but with two "t's ;" Henretta de la Villa
Odorosa.

The important question is how did Henry get his
name Miner? If we spell it Minor, the spelling of
centuries ago, shall we reply with the wag who says,
"Why, of course, he got it from Major, his father."

It is not easy to get at the origin of the name, par-
ticularly if we take the old orthography, Minor. Miner
is more easily accounted for — one who works in or
owns mines. Could any problem be more easily solved ?
But here steps in Bartas, the French herald, who says
that the word is from the Dutch min-heir or mein-herr
— my master or my lord. Very good ; "my lord," there-
fore, any Mr. Miner may elect to be called, and he may
claim Holland as the cradle of his family.

Yet this first Henry of Mendippe Hills was said to
own to the name Bullman until the advent of Edward
III. on the scene. Perhaps, with his gift of a hundred
men, he became Miner, "my lord." But why are the
King of England and one of his subjects speaking
Dutch ? This question is respectfully submitted to any
one who is able to answer it.

215

216 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

An interesting tradition regarding William Miner,
who married Isabella Harcope de Frolsbay, is that "he
revenged the death of the two young princes in the
tower." The inference is that it was his good right
arm that gave Richard III. his death wound at Bos-
worth.

There are others, however, who claim the honor of
being Richard's slayer. This William Miner was called
Flos Militiae, the Flower of Chevallrie. He left ten
sons, two of whom, John and Nathaniel, went over to
Ireland in 1541, with Henry VIII., when he was pro-
claimed King of Ireland. John married Joselina
O'Bryam, and their posterity have filled honored posi-
tions in Ireland to the present day. William, one of
the ten sons of William, was interred in the priests'
chancel — to quote from an ancient document — at Chew-
Magna, Somerset County, in 1585.

Ten years after the Mayflower arrived, Lieutenant
Thomas Miner, the pilgrim ancestor, came over on the
Arabella. He was born in Chew-Magna. He invari-
ably spelled his name Minor. He was a good penman;
indeed, there is a tradition that all Miners write clearly
and legibly. In old Connecticut records the name is
often spelled Myner, also Mynor and Minord.

Thomas helped to found the church at Charlestown,
Mass. In 1634 he went to Saybrooke, with John
Winthrop. In 1653 he joined the Stonington settle-
ment, where he had large grants of land from the
court. He married Grace, daughter of Walter Palmer,
and lived for a time in New London, his son, Manasseh,
being the first white male child born in the town.
Twelve children was the number, all told, of his family.

Thomas kept a diary. Under date, April 24, 1669,
he wrote: "I, Thomas Minor, was by the town of
Stonington, this year, chosen selectman, treasurer, re-
corder and brander of horses, head of the train band,
one of four in charge of the 'malishia' of the county,
and commissioner to assist in keeping county court."
Thomas, in fact, held, in turn, every office in the gift

218 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

of the town. He was a man in whom the people reposed
fullest confidence, who never swerved from the path
of rectitude.

The Connecticut Historical Society has, among other
Miner relics, what is called an "Herauldical Essay."

It gives the account of the origin of the name, and
the pedigree of Thomas. It was deposited with the
society by request of Deacon Asa Miner, of Stonington,
a descendant of the sixth generation from Lieutenant
Thomas, whose pedigree is included in the essay.
Thomas got this pedigree from his cousin, William, of
Bristol, England, a few years before his (Thomas's)
death, which occurred in 1690, when he was 83 years
old. His is the oldest gravestone in the Stonington
Cemetery. The family arms and crest are cut on the
stone, marking the graves of his three sons, Deacons
Thomas and Manasseh and Ephraim.

Lieutenant Thomas was son of Clement, a direct
descendant of the Flower of Chivalry, who was the
son of Thomas (who married the daughter of Sir
George Heroie de St. Martins), who was the son of
Lodovich, son of Thomas, son of William, son of
Henry, son of Henry of Mendippe Hills, the first of
the name.

We find in colonial records the names of different
members of the family who held positions of trust.
Sidney Miner, of New London, Alderman, was de-
scendant of Simeon, of Stonington, member of the
Legislature; son of Ephraim, born 1668, who held
many public offices; son of Ephraim, Justice of the
Peace and deputy to the general court; son of Thomas,
the first.

Miner, or Minor, is an old Virginia name. Orodas
Miner, born in Holland about 1660, was the first of
the family there. The family intermarried with the
Goodes, and other prominent members of the Virginia
colony.

The family has its war record. Lieutenant Thomas
and his son, Manasseh, went forth to battle with the

MINER FAMILY 219

Indians. Seth, of Norwich, Conn., served in the
Revolution as aide to General Huntington. One of
his sons was Charles, the historian. Clement, who
had twelve children, gave several sons to the War of
1812 — Clement, Edwin, and Henry. The last two were
sailors.

In the realm of letters we find the name Miner a
bright and shining light. Thomas, born in Connecti-
cut in 1777, was a physician of note, and contributed
essays and translations of French medical works to
the periodicals of the day. He was one of the foun-
ders of the Yale Medical Institute, and also of the
Connecticut Retreat for the Insane. He is best
known for his essay on Yellow Fever, published in 1825.
He was a Yale graduate. Before 1834 nine of the
Miner family had been graduated from Yale College.

Charles, journalist, was born at Norwich, Conn., in
1780. He removed to the Wyoming Valley and estab-
lished the Luzerne Federalist. Under the nom de
plume, John Harwood, he wrote humorous sketches,
which were widely copied. When Congressman, he drew
up the first resolution on the culture of silk. It was
mainly through his efforts that the silk-growing indus-
try was introduced into the United States.

One of the Boston publishing houses was founded by
Alonzo Ames Miner.

The philanthropist of the family was Myrtilla Miner,
born in New York in 1815. She founded a school for
the colored race. Mrs. Stowe contributed $1,000 — pro-
ceeds from her sale of "Uncle Tom's Cabin."

The coat-of-arms shown, is: Gules, a fesse, argent,
between three plates.

Crest: A mailed hand, holding a battle axe, armed
at both ends, proper.

Motto: Spero ut fidelis — "I hope as faithful."

This was granted in 1606, and the arms are ascribed
to Thomas the immigrant. Burke also gives this motto
to the Mynors or Mynords, and to the Basherville-My-
nors, but the arms differ slightly.

220 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Different crests are given by Burke for branches of
the family in London, Hertfordshire, and Stafford-
shire. One is a cubit arm, in the hand a lion's gamb
or leg, erased, sable; the other, a wolfs head, erased,
sable, devouring a sinister hand. The wolf is an old
and most uncommon heraldic symbol. It signifies a
valiant captain, who, in the end, after a long siege and
hard fight, gains his ends. It was an old Roman and
also Egyptian emblem. Lycopolis derives its name from
the veneration in which the wolf was held. The bearer
of the wolf crest can go even further back — to the ark
itself — for Macedon, the grandson of Noah, bore an
ensign emblazoned with a wolf's head.

Miner arms have been impaled with those of many
eminent families, to say nothing of the heraldic insignia
of Ethelred, King of England, who can be claimed as
ancestor by one branch of the Miner family.

In regard to the symbolism, a fesse is a military belt,
or girdle of honor. Plates, or white roundels, denote
generosity. The hand is a pledge of faith, sincerity,
and justice. The battle axe indicates a Crusader an-
cestor. As to the colors, gules means military fortitude,
and argent peace and sincerity.

MONTGOMERY FAMILY

tflcntgomery

MONTGOMERY FAMILY

RECORDS BEGIN WITH ROGER THE NORMAN — A KINS-
MAN OF THE CONQUEROR — FAMILY HISTORY TOLD
IN ANCIENT RHYME

In the old ballad of Chevy Chase, Montgomery mas-
querades as Mongonbyrry. Some one, trying to improve
on this, or the reverse, has tried to make us believe that
in that mythical period, known as "once upon a time,"
the name was Mumdegrumbie. Difficult as this is to
spell offhand, it would certainly be a poser when it
came to pronunciation. Giving it the "go-by," we will
be satisfied with the name as it now appears, with the
one variation, Montgomerie, the family name of the
Earls of Eglinton. If desiring forms which were quite
legitimate about two centuries ago, there are Mont-
gommeri and Montgomere.

Seeking the origin of the name, we meet with all
sorts of theories, and travel back to the time of the
flood, or to Gomer, son of Japhet, and are told that
Gomer, being the hereditary name of the Gauls, many
localities are thus called. For example, in Normandy
there is Mont Gomerie; in Italy, a lofty hill, Monte
Gomero, or to give it its old Latin name, Mons Go-
meris.

It is not until the tenth century that we arrive at
something tangible, in Roger de Montgomerie, a count
of Normandy, time 912. In the next century we dis-
cover a grandson of his, presumably, and of the same
name and title. That he accompanied his kinsman,
William the Conqueror, in 1066, was, of course, only to
be expected of him.

As a reward of valor he was created Earl of Arundel
and Shrewsbury, and had manors without number. For
him the town Montgomery, Wales, was named. In the
time of William Rufus, Pembroke Castle was built by

225

226 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Arnulph de Montgomerie. Walter Montgomerie, high
steward of the royal house of Stuart, was the first Earl
of Eglinton.

"Memorables of the Montgomeries" tells in rhyme
the family story, and gives us to understand that a noble
Roman knight was the founder.

"He brought his legion from the sea,
And settled the same
Upon an hill 'twixt Rome and Spain,
Gomericus by name."

Here is certainly some rhyme, even if no reason.
"At length he sailed for England,
Because his ambition hath no end."

Rhyme as well as reason fail here.

About the time of the American Revolution, or short-
ly before, William and Joseph, sons of Joseph Mont-
gomery, came to America. They were of Scotch de-
scent, but born in Ireland. Joseph entered the Con-
tinental army, but after the war returned home. Will-
iam, who had remained here but a short time, came
back again about 1805 and settled in Ohio County,
Virginia. He had three sons and as many daughters.
One son, William, born 1792, founded the Pennsylvania
branch of the family, removing to Washington County,
Pa., in 1817 ; he married Elizabeth Kelly. His brother,
Joseph, made his home in Virginia. One of the found-
ers of Virginia — "Pioneer John" Lewis, born in Ire-
land— was the father of many sons. One, Colonel Will-
liam, born 1724, married Anne Montgomery, and had
eight children. Colonel William was an officer under
Braddock, and one of his sons, Major John Lewis, was
with Washington at Valley Forge. The latter's brother,
Thomas, also an officer, and distinguished for gallantry,
was called the modern Chevalier Bayard.

William Lewis was born in Ireland, and if he mar-
ried there, his wife, Anne, may have been of the family
of the pioneer Montgomerys.

Another notable marriage connection was that with
the Lane family; Rev. William Montgomery's wife be-

MONTGOMERY FAMILY 227

ing Elizabeth, daughter of that patriot and Revolution-
ary hero, Jesse Lane.

An immigrant, also born in Ireland, was John Mont-
gomery, who settled in Pennsylvania and was a member
of the Continental Congress. He has a splendid record
to recall, by descendants desiring affiliation with patri-
otic societies. He was captain of an expedition sent
against the Indians; treasurer of Cumberland County,
Pa., 1767; captain of a regiment that joined Wash-
ington on Long Island, and one of the burgesses of
Carlisle, Pa., 1787. His son, John, became mayor
of Baltimore, member of Congress, and attorney-gen-
eral of Maryland.

Others of the Pennsylvania family, members of the
Continental army, were Joseph, born in Dauphin
County, who was chaplain, and also delegate to Con-
gress; Ensigns William and Samuel, and Lieutenants
Hugh and James. The Virginia representatives, among
others, were Lieutenant James and Colonel John; Jo-
seph of Delaware was chaplain, Michael of N. Y., and
Nathaniel of Mass., were lieutenants.

General Richard Montgomery's history is well known.
He was born at Conway House, Ireland, son of Thomas
Montgomery, and came to America in 1772. He mar-
ried Janet, sister of Chancellor Livingston, and a pa-
thetic as well as a dramatic story is told of her watch-
ing alone the cortege as it passed down the Hudson
River, bearing her husband's body.

While kinship has been claimed by the descendants
of the brothers, Joseph and William, with the family
of General Montgomery, no proof of relationship has
been forthcoming. The most to build on, perhaps, is
"family likeness." The General is described as tall, of
fine presence, winning manners, and the bearing of a
prince.

Among a number of rare autograph letters, recently
offered for sale, and including some Washington data,
was General Montgomery's last letter to Sir Guy Carle-
ton, demanding the surrender of Quebec.

228 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEKICA

A naval officer of the New Jersey branch of the fam-
ily was John Berrien Montgomery, who was in the
war of 1812, and the Mexican war, where his gallant
conduct won the thanks of Congress and a sword.

Mighty with the pen as well as with the sword, may
be said of the Montgomerys, even if Byron did "damn
with faint praise" one James, a Scotch poet, by calling
him "a man of considerable genius." There was Alex-
ander, a poet of the sixteenth century, who wrote son-
nets industrially, and very good sonnets. Two, named
George, were authors; one was born in Spain; the
other, born 1810, in Maine, was both writer and
preacher.

Three fleur-de-lis, or, is the Montgomery coat-of-
arms. The one attributed to Hugh Montgomery of
New Hampshire, 1719, from Down, Ireland, is bla-
zoned: Azure, three fleur-de-lis, or.

Crest : Out of a cap of maintenance, an arm in armor,
erect, grasping a sword.

The Earl of Eglinton's arms have supporters, two
dragons vert, vomiting fire, and the crest is a female
figure, holding a Saracen's head in one hand. "Gardez
bien" and "An I may" are Montgomery mottoes.

OSGOOD FAMILY

NAME OF LOFTY SIGNIFICANCE — FAMILY FLOURISHED
IN GREAT BRITAIN BEFORE NORMAN CONQUEST —
A COLONIAL BELLE FURNISHES THE ROMANCE —
FIRST BEARER OF ARMS DESERVED WELL FOR His
HOSPITALITY

"Divinely good" is the meaning of Osgood, which is
of Saxon origin. Os is God, or the Divinity. The
word in the Norse tongue is quite similar — "as" — pro-
nounced "ouse." Other words derived from os are Os-
bert, "handsome as a god;" Ostgood, "good host;" Os-
muna, "divine protection;" Oswald, "divine power."
Then there are other forms — Osburn, Osborne, Osland,
Osmore, Ostrom, Ostrander. Variations of Osgood or
Osgoode are Osgot, Osegod and Ossgood. The Latin
form is Osgotus. Two old variations of the name are
Osgith and Osyth.

The King of Northumbria in 612 was Oswy. He
rang many changes on the name, some of which were
Oswin, Osnio, Oswius, Osweus, Oswin and Osguid. His
successor some years later was Oswulf or Osulf.

Before the Norman Conquest Clapa Osgod was liv-
ing at Lambeth, and it was at the marriage feast of
his daughter, Gytha, in 1402, that Harthacnut, or
"Hardicanute," died, as he drained his goblet. Osgod
was second only to the king in power.

After the battle of Hastings the Saxon monks Os-
god and Alrik, removed Harold's remains to their mon-
astery at Waltham. In Domesday Book mention is
made of several Osgoods, holding lands in a number
of counties. Osgot was a great landed proprietor,
probably one of the Saxons who made his peace with
the Conqueror, and was confirmed in his possessions.
Robertus Osegood was a burgess of Wiltshire, living in
the thirteenth century. In 1316 Adam de Osgodby, of
Yorkshire, was keeper of the great seal

231

232 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

For two centuries the Osgood family has been a
power in Massachusetts and New York.

One ancestor was John, who came over in 1638. He
came from Herrell, or Wherwell, near Andover, and is
said to have named Andover, Mass., which town he
helped to found. His was the second house there, and
religious services were held in it until the church was
built. The property has been in possession of the
family until within the last few years. According to
tradition, John "feared neither the theological devil nor
the red ones" who prowled in the neighborhood. He
went to church with his musket, and he and his sons
went armed to the teeth when trouble with the Indians
threatened. John Osgood was a religious enthusiast
who "devoted all his leisure to the glory of God," as it
has been expressed. No better type of the God-fearing,
stout-hearted pioneer can be found. He was the first
representative for Andover to the General Court, 1951.

Another ancestor was Christopher Osgood — or Oss-
good, as the name was more commonly spelled in colo-
nial times. He, with his wife, Margaret, were the first
settlers in the town of Ipswich, Mass. Another, pilgrim
was William Osgood, who went to Salisbury, Mass.

It is said that the three Osgoods were brothers. It is
a somewhat singular fact that each reared a family of
two sons and four daughters. A curious document is
Christopher's will, proved in 1650. "My wish is that
my daughters do not marry without the desire of my
wife, and the consent of my overseers, and that their
several portions be paid when they are 20 years old, if
they be not married before that."

All the Osgoods educated their sons well, sending
them to the best Boston schools and to college. Nine-
teen were graduates of Harvard before 1834, and eight
at other New England colleges. Few of the family
have cared for a commercial career, although it may
be mentioned that the first mills on the Concord River
were built by Christopher Osgood; nor have the clash
and struggle of political life appealed to them. One

234 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

characteristic is a strong religious nature, with the re-
sult that a large number have chosen the ministry of
the gospel — so many, indeed, that the name has a dis-
tinctly religious sound.

The Osgoods have ever been staunch patriots. Cap-
tain John, son of John the first, was one of the number
imprisoned by Andross during the opposition to the
taxation of 1687. Colonel John and Captain Peter Os-
good were members of the committee which drew up
resolutions against the stamp act. Peter was a leading
member of the committee formed to encourage home
manufactures. He would have nothing to do with
English importations. Yankee-made articles were good
enough for him — everything else was superfluous.

Massachusetts Revolutionary rolls of those who flew
to arms upon the "Lexington Alarm" give the names
of six Osgoods from Andover, eight from Salisbury,
and twelve from other towns. Under "Miscellaneous
Service" Benjamin Osgood "marched 26 miles from
home," Thomas "enlisted October 16, 1777, discharged
October 18, 20 miles from home/'

Samuel Osgood, of Andover, the fifth in descent
from John, commanded a company of minute men at
Lexington and Concord, and served on many important
committees in the Provincial Congress. He helped to
frame the Constitution of the United States, and was a
member of the Cabinet. This position, however, he
resigned when the capital was removed from New York
to Philadelphia. He was conspicuous in all public
movements. The first two names on the list of incor-
porators of the present public school system of New
York are those of De Witt Clinton and Samuel Os-
good. Samuel was first Postmaster-General of the
United States, and at his house, 1 Cherry Street,
Washington stayed when he came to New York for his
inauguration.

Another Samuel Osgood, born in 1812, is regarded
as one of the literary lights of the family. Samuel is
a name of honor; the representative in art is Samuel,

OSGOOD FAMILY 235

born 1808. Many of his canvases are treasured in the
great public collections of the country. His wife was
Frances Sargent Locke, better known by her pen name,
"Fanny Forrester."

One of the few poems of merit suggested by the
Civil War was written by Kate Putnam Osgood. "Driv-
ing Home the Cows" was its title, and it was copied
by nearly every journal in the country. In the realm of
philanthropy we find the name of Helen Osgood, of
Boston, who won fame and praise for her patriotic la-
bors. Thaddeus Osgood, born in 1775, organized the
first church in Buffalo and founded many others. The
great philanthropist, George Peabody, was of Osgood
lineage.

Martha Osgood, a Colonial belle and beauty, fur-
nishes the romance for the family history by having
been obliging enough to elope, in true heroic style,
from a second-story window, with her lover, Enoch
Poor, the General Poor who commanded a regiment
at Bunker Hill. Her sister, Dorcas, married General
Dearborn, a name also honored in the history of the
early struggles of our country.

The old-fashioned names, Eunice, Lois, Polly, Dolly,
and Susannah have many representatives in this fam-
ily. Less common, but more curious, are the names
Apphia, Farina, Lana, Zuriah and Sabinet. In one
family we find the three sisters, Prudence, Patienoe
and Eelief. The Beau Brummel of the family was Dr.
Kendall Osgood, surgeon in a Eevolutionary regiment.
Afterward he went to Peterborough, N. H., to prac-
tice his profession, but his dress worked his undoing,
and he was obliged to abandon medicine and take up
farming. His every-day garb was a red broadcloth
coat, buff vest, buckskin trousers, silver knee buckles,
silk stockings, wig, and cocked hat. The good doctor
was so far from resenting the slight put upon him and
his rainbow attire that he left $1,000 by will to the
town.

The arms represented belonged to John, the pioneer.

236 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

They are: Argent, three garbs, in a double treasure,
flory counterflory, gules, doubled argent.

Crest: A demi-lion, rampant, proper, supporting a
garb, gules.

In heraldry, the garb denotes plenty, and that the
first bearer of the arms did deserve well for his hos-
pitality. Another symbolic meaning is that "the har-
vest of first hopes had been secured." The tressure
flory is an emblem signifying preservation or protection.
It is borne in the arms of Scotland, and the legend is
that it was given to Achailus, King of Scotland, by
Charlemagne, in order to signify that the French lilies
should defend the Scottish lion. The double tressure
was first assumed by Eobert Stuart, to testify his ap-
proval of the alliance which he had renewed with
Charles V. of France. The lion has always held a high
place in heraldry as an emblem of deathless courage.
The helmet denotes wisdom and surety in defence. As
to the colors, gules stands for fortitude, and argent,
for peace and security.

PHILLIPS FAMILY

JPMILUflS

PHILLIPS FAMILY

NAME OF GREEK DERIVATION — HAS A RICH HERITAGE
IN ITS TRADITIONS

Emperors and kings, princes and dukes, have borne
the name of Phillips, or Philip, and the family has a
rich heritage in its traditions. The name is nearly as
old as the world itself. Philippi was a city of ancient
Macedonia, and the founder of Macedon was Philip — a
Philip.

The name is of Greek origin, from philos — hippos,
a lover of horses. This was in an age when the hero
was a man of action. Phillips has been a surname in
Great Britain for 500 years, and the family can be
traced back in unbroken line to the year 1200. The
homes have been in Devon, Suffolk, Warwick, Stafford,
and Leicester. At Stratford-on-Avon the family has
been seated for centuries. The orthography of this
branch is Phillippo.

It is not an easy matter to keep track of the spell-
ing of the name. In Wales, where the family
nourished, Phillipse is the usual form, and the oldest
coat-armor of the family is that granted to the Welsh
branch. The coat is extremely simple, proving its an-
tiquity.

Among various orthographies, the following may be
given as samples: Phylyppe — two "yV* certainly con-
fer great distinction — but don't adopt them unless able
to live up to them ! Then there are Pphillips, a form
seen at the present day; Philopoe; Phillot; Philippo;
Philcox is called a diminutive, and Phelp, Phelphs,
Philipson are derived from the same root. The son of
Philip is the meaning of Philipson. The Philipsons of
Thirlwell, Northumberland, trace back to Philip Thirl-
well. Phipp and Filkin are also derived from Philip.

The Philips of Staffordshire descend from Francis
241

242 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Phylyppe of Neyther Teyne. He lived in the reign of
Edward VI. Grace Dieu Manor in Leicester was the
home of the Phillipps. The king's sergeant, in the
reign of James II., was a Phillips.

Westminster Abbey has the honor of guarding the
ashes of the poet, John Phillips, who, "were it for
nothing else, would be remembered as the first to have
a genuine literary appreciation of Milton." Ambrose
Philips was an Englishman of letters, "of a good
Leicestershire family."

The pioneer, Eev. George Phillips, came over with
Governor Winthrop, who said of him that he was a
godly man, specially gifted. Rev. George was son of
Christopher of Norfolk, England, and a graduate of
Cambridge. His salary as the first pastor of the Wa-
tertown, Mass., church, 1630, was "3 hogsheads of
meale; 1 hogshead of malte; 4 bushels of Indian corn;
1 bushel of oatmeal and 50 Ibs. of salte fish." He also
had 30 acres of land. His wife died soon after they
had made their home in the new world. If we had
her portrait, should we not see

"Her very best gown is spread billowing round —

The kind that would 'stand by itself/ I'll be bound !

It came from a chest where the lavender hid,

To steal from its folds as she lifted the lid."

Pastor George consoled himself with a new wife,
Elizabeth, "probably the widow of Captain Robert
Welden." By his two wives he had nine children, one
son, the Rev. Samuel — a favorite name with the
Phillips — had eleven children, of whom one, his daugh-
ter Elizabeth, who married Rev. Edward Payson, had
twenty children.

The founder of the Long Island Phillips was Zero-
babel, son of George, the immigrant. Other founders of
families were Ebenezer, Thomas, John, and James — all
of Massachusetts.

Walter and Andrew were Maine pioneers, and Mi-
chael, Richard, and Jeremiah settlers in Rhode Island.

The first mayor of Boston, where he was born, 1770,

PHILLIPS FAMILY 243

was John Phillips, whose son was Wendell, the brilliant
orator.

Among officers of the Revolution were Sergeant Noah
Philips, who was one of the "Lexington Alarm." His
name is also spelled Phelps. Lieutenant Thomas and
Captain Samuel were from Ehode Island ; Ensign John,
Lieutenant Jonathan, and Colonel Joseph were from
New Jersey; Ensigns Samuel and James were of the
Virginia family. These names are spelled Phillips.
The Maryland family were Philips. Samuel Phillips,
Jr., born at North Andover, Mass., 1751, was a member
of the Provincial Congress, and of the constitutional
convention of 1779. He was president of the State
Senate for fifteen years, and lieutenant-governor of his
State. He also organized the first incorporated acad-
emy of Massachusetts and helped to endow it.

Captain William Phillips of Louisa County, Vir-
ginia, was a "Banger," 1763.

One line of the Phillips, through marriage with a
member of the Drake family, can claim the family of
Sir Francis Drake as near, if not next of kin.

The coat-of-arms reproduced is blazoned: Argent,
a lion rampant, sable, ducally gorged and chained, or.

Crest : A lion, as in the arms.

Motto: Ducit amor patriae — "The love of my coun-
try leads me on." This coat-armor is attributed to the
Rev. George.

Burke's "Peerage" blazons this coat-of-arms for Sir
John Philipps, also spelled Philips, who was created
a baronet in 1621, of Picton Castle, Pembroke. The
supporters of this coat-of-arms are two horses, argent.
"Readiness for king and country" is the significance
of the horse in heraldry. The Barons Milford, of the
Irish peerage, trace back to Sir John Philipps. The
date of the granting of one coat-of-arms is 1579.

READ FAMILY

NOAH'S GREAT-GRANDSON REGARDED AS FIRST AN-
CESTOR BY SOME AUTHORITIES — GEORGE WASH-
INGTON A MEMBER OF THE FAMILY — REDHA,
WREDE, AND WRADE, FORMS OF THE NAME

To trace ancestors back to a great-grandson of Noah
is not given to every family. More than ordinarily
full of interest, therefore, is the tradition regarding
the family of Read. According to one historian, As-
chanaz, who was the son of Noah's grandson, was the
founder of the family. Another historian devotes much
space and time to exploiting another tradition, which
is even more romantic — that the Read family may trace
their ancestry back to Rhea.

Rhea was a goddess, thus named on account of the
benefits and patronage she distributed to all her votaries.
The word would appear to mean power, and to be
derived from "redan," to rule or govern.

To claim a goddess for an ancestor is infinitely more
interesting than to try, in a learned and roundabout
fashion, to prove that the name Read is derived from
some old verb, no matter how respectable. To be "the
daughter of a hundred earls" is nothing in comparison
to being the granddaughter, or grandson, although sev-
eral times removed, of an Olympian deity.

Rhea was a most powerful and important personage,
being the wife of Saturn and the mother of Juno, Nep-
tune, and the mighty Jupiter.

One of the principal cities of Phoenicia was Raad,
or Ruad, and some of the rulers of India have a title
which probably originated from the same source — the
title raja or rajah, meaning king or ruler. It may
then reasonably be inferred that the Reads come of
noble stock and were rulers of men.

The family has been noted for the varied orthog-
247 4

248 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

raphy of its name. For example, we have Read, Reed,
Reid, Ried, Ride, Red, Rad, Raad, Rheade, Rheadus,
Reda, Rada, Redha, Wrede, Whrede, Wada, and
Wrade.

The name was often altered for the sake of euphony
or to suit the idiom of various dialects. It has also
been more or less connected with other words, making
a union of both definitions, as Ethelred, or Reed the
Good; Conrad, or Reed the Powerful; Eldred, or Reed
the Elder.

Among the words derived from the same root are
reign, regalia, reason, and rhetoric.

The present different methods of spelling the word
arise in a great measure from fancy ; there are not less
than eleven orthographical forms.

The Puritan form was usually Reade, but in some
cases, Reede or Rede. The Irish form was Reedha, or
Redha, from which came "ready." The Scotch method
was Raid. A Bavarian general, who fought against
Napoleon at the head of the Bavarian troops, wrote his
name Reid, while a soldier under Napoleon spelled the
name Wrede.

The mode of spelling the name in this country has
gradually assumed one of the three following forms:
Read, Reed, and Reid.

In Germany the name is very common and is abbre-
viated from Rhedarium. Some of the descendants of
the Rhedariums undoubtedly found their way to Brit-
ain at the time of the Saxon invasion, and from them
the stock sprung.

Sir Reginald Reed is the first of the family of whom
there is any account. He was distinguished in the
Border wars, and upon the edge of Carterfell, a moun-
tain between England and Scotland, is Reed's Square,
thus named in honor of the knight.

In the fifteenth century flourished Robert Reed, or
Robin of Redesdale, as he was called. He was asso-
ciated with the Earl of Warwick. This Robin was of
sufficient importance to have a monument or figure

HEAD

250 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

of himself cut in high relief upon a rock; the figure
represents a giant clad in armor.

It is here, in Redesdale, that many scenes in Scott's
novels and poetical works are laid. In the "Fair Maid
of Perth" mention is made of the powerful clan, Chat-
tan. Readeugh or Reideuch was a branch of this clan.
This may have been the original name of the Read
family.

The portrait of a Peter Read, who was knighted
by Charles V., at the siege of Barbary, can be seen
in the council chamber at St. Giles, together with an
account of the gift of his houses to defray the expenses
of the ringing of the bells of St. Giles' Church every
morning at four and every evening at eight. He mar-
ried the Duchess of Brampton.

The first of the name in this country was William
Read. He came to America with Governor Winthrop,
in 1630, and settled in Boston. Colonel Read, son of
Sir Thomas, Cornwall, and grandson of the Lord of
Shropshire, came in the same year. Colonel Read set-
tled in Salem and was a prominent man in the colony.
He held the rank of colonel about 1643.

Another member of the family, who served in the
Colonial Wars, was Captain George Read, or Reed. Bar-
tholomew Read, with his three sons, was in the Revo-
lutionary War. James Read, who commanded a regi-
ment at the battle of Bunker Hill, was the first briga-
dier-general appointed by the Provincial Congress.

One of the five signers of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence who were also framers of the Constitution
was George Read. He was tauntingly told that he
signed the Declaration with a halter about his neck.
Mr. Read replied that he was prepared for any conse-
quences which might ensue. In September, 1776, he
was president of the convention which framed the first
Constitution of the United States.

Mr. Read lived in great style at New Castle, Dela-
ware, maintaining a state and etiquette peculiar to
Colonial times. He always traveled in a splendid yellow

READ FAMILY 251

chariot drawn by two bay horses. Two original por-
traits of "the signer" are extant. One was painted by
Gilbert Stuart.

The Father of his Country had the honor of belong-
ing to the Read family, his great-great-grandfather be-
ing George Reade, who came to Virginia in 1637.

Joseph Read, Washington's military secretary, was
probably a relative. He was the man above all others,
Washington excepted, who had the confidence of all
parties at the time of the struggle for independence.
Had his life been spared he would undoubtedly have
filled the Presidential chair. General Read — to give
him his title — in reply to an offer by the British com-
missioners of the most important office in the colonies,
and £10,000 in cash, to act in the interest of the British
government, said that the King of Great Britain had
nothing within his gift that would tempt him.

Reads, Reeds or Reids of the present day have no
trouble in proving eligibility to membership with dif-
ferent patriot societies — the Society of Colonial Wars,
the Sons of the Revolution, and the Sons of the Amer-
ican Revolution. Through Sarah Warren, wife of
William Read, and lineal descendant of Richard War-
ren, one of the signers of the compact, membership with
the Mayflower Society may be claimed; a membership
which is most highly prized.

Among Reads who have won distinction as authors
and preachers is Hollis Read, who wrote "The Hand of
God in History" and "Read's Researches." The Rev.
John Reed, who was born in 1673, was famous for his
ready wit. It is related in the Connecticut Historical
Collections :

A Mr. Walker and Mr. Reed were both preaching at
Hartford. At the time a controversy arose as to which
of the ministers should go as missionary to the little
settlement of Woodbury. The men were requested to
deliver sermons on the day when the matter was to be
decided. Mr. Walker took as his text: "What went ye
out into the wilderness to see — a reed shaken with the

252 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEEICA

wind?" He enlarged upon the propriety of a reed
being found in the wilderness. Mr. Reed took as his
text, "Your adversary, the devil, walketh about seek-
ing whom he may devour." He stated that the adver-
sary of man was a great walker, and, instead of remain-
ing with the brethren, ought to be kept walking at a
distance from them.

The result was that Mr. Reed came off victorious and
retained his place at Hartford.

He was a large landowner; some of his property he
purchased for "two coppers per acre" — this was in the
township of Ware, in Massachusetts. Another town-
ship which he owned he called the Manor of Peace. Al-
though a minister of the gospel — and renowned for his
piety — he was also one of the most distinguished law-
yers of his time. He was called "Leather-Jacket John,"
from the fact that he was a famous pedestrian and
always wore a leather jacket upon his long tramps.

The arms borne by Colonel John Read of Delaware,
and his son, George, the signer, here shown, are : Gules,
a saltire between four sheaves, or.

Crest: On the stump of a tree, vert, a falcon rising,
proper, belled and jessed, or.

Motto: Cedant arma togae — "Let arms yield to the
gown."

Equabiliter et diligenter is another Read motto.

For the family of James City County, Virginia, the
arms are: Azure, guttee d'or, cross-crosslet, fitchee, of
the last.

Crest: A shoveller, close, sable.

George Read, born in England, came to Virginia in
1637, where he became secretary of state. From 1649
to 1656 he was a burgess. He married Elizabeth,
daughter of Captain Nicholas Martian, of York County,
and they had seven children. He died in 1671.

ROOSEVELT FAMILY

NAME TRACED TO THE TWELFTH CENTURY — FIGURES
LARGE IN COLONIAL DATS — CAPTAIN JOHN, A PIC-
TURESQUE AND DASHING HERO — SOME CHARM-
INGLY QUAINT NAMES

Roosevelt is a name derived from Roseveldt — a Dutch
word meaning the field, or veldt of roses.

Another form of the name was Rosendahl, a valley
of roses.

As a family name it is traced to Poland, where, in
the twelfth century, it was assumed by a family who
had a rose for armorial bearing, perhaps because they
lived in a valley or field of roses. They were called
Rosenveldt, or Van Roseveldt. Other variations are
Rosawelt, Rosenvelt, Rosavelt, Rosevelt, Roosenveldt,
Roosvelt. The prefix Van, so common in early records,
was dropped by the beginning of the eighteenth century.

The common ancestor was Klaas, or Claes Martenzen
Van Rosenvelt, of Holland, who arrived in New Am-
sterdam, now New York, in 1649, with his wife, Jan-
netje Samuels Thomas.

A New York directory for the year 1665 has the
name, Bay Roosevelt — a name which appears as that
of an immigrant arriving in 1663, in the ship Rosetree.
His name is put down in the ship record as Bay Groes-
velt. In 1664 he paid taxes on $400 personal property.

In 1728 Jacobus Roosevelt bought the Beekman
swamp, as it was called, New York City, for £100. Here
tanneries were established, and to this day that locality
is called "the swamp." He laid out streets, one named
for himself. The ten lots which he bought were each
about 25 by 120 feet.

It was Jacobus's daughter, Helena, who married An-
drew Barclay, after whom Barclay street was named.

Margreta Roosevelt in 1730 married William De Pey-
ster, a descendant of Johannes De Peyster, who had
been a great man of New York and had brought with

255

256 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

him from Haarlem "his exquisite silverware, bearing
the De Peyster arms (shield, silver, charged with two
sheep, feeding under a linden tree, proper; crest, a lin-
den tree, proper; motto, De Pasco: I feed down, or
I can take care of myself)."

De Peyster also brought his pictures, "which were
gems of art." With all his greatness he did business
in Whitehall street, which was then Winckel or Shop
street.

Marriage connections exist with the old, well-known
families of Eoosa, Rutgers, Varick, Bogert, Aspinwall,
Courtlandt, Provost, and Duryeas.

A dozen children, or the maximum, a round baker's
dozen, make a good showing in nearly every Roosevelt
family of long ago.

Hoffman is another family connection. Isaac Roose-
velt, who married Cornelia Hoffman, built the first
sugar house erected before the Revolution. It was on
Wall street. In 1772, when he removed farther uptown,
his advertisement read: "Customers may be supplied
with double, middling and single refined loaf sugars,
clarified muscovado and other molasses."

He was one of the first members of the Chamber of
Commerce, and one of the incorporators of the first
public hospital in New York. He served in the Revo-
lution, was one of a committee of one hundred to take
control of the government, and helped to formulate the
State constitution. In Governor Clinton's administra-
tion he was one of seventeen State senators of New
York.

James Roosevelt, President Theodore Roosevelt's
great-grandfather, gave his services without pay during
the entire war of independence.

John was captain of the Oswago Rangers, an inde-
pendent company of foot guards, organized in 1775.
Their uniform was of blue, with small round hats,
adorned by a brass plate bearing the name Oswago
Rangers. Half-gaiters, black garters, and all-white
underclothing were features of the uniform.

258 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Captain John was as picturesque and dashing a figure
as ever strode forth to do and dare. He was perhaps
the hero of his day, "a gentleman and a college grad-
uate."

The first lieutenant of the "Corsicans" was Nicholas
Roosevelt. This was a militia company, organized
under the spur of the approaching conflict of 1775.
The Corsicans wore on their short green coats a red
heart of tin, with the words, "God and Right." Around
the crown of their small round hats was the legend,
"Liberty or Death," with a cock on one side of the hat.

Cornelius Van Schaack Roosevelt, who was born in
1794, and died, at Oyster Bay, L. I., in 1871, was one
of the founders of the Chemical National Bank, of
New York, which has never failed to pay its obligations
in gold, and during the Civil War redeemed its notes
at one time at 280 in greenbacks.

The son of Cornelius Van Schaack Roosevelt, Theo-
dore, father of the President, was a glass importer in
Maiden Lane.

"During the War of the Rebellion he helped raise and
equip regiments that went out ; he joined in organizing
the Union League Club, worked with the Loyal Pub-
lication Society, assisted in the organization of the San-
itary Commission, and saw to the comfort of the sol-
diers in the field and of those left at home.

"He drafted the bill to establish 'allotment commis-
sions,' and was appointed by Lincoln one of the Com-
missioners from New York. He assisted in organizing
the Protective War Claims Association, which collected
the dues of crippled veterans and of the families of the
dead without charge. It was at Mr. Roosevelt's house
that the Soldiers' Employment Bureau was organized.

"Hayes appointed him Collector of the Port of New
York. He was one of the founders of the Metropolitan
Museum of Art, and of the Metropolitan Museum of
Natural History. 'A man of untiring energy, of pro-
digious industry, the most valiant fighter of his day,
for the right, and the winner of his fights/

EOOSEVELT FAMILY 259

"He drove a four-in-hand in the Park, sailed a boat,
loved the woods, shared in every athletic sport, and was
the life and soul of every company."

He died in 1878.

There is a Scotch-Irish strain in President Roose-
velt's Dutch blood which comes from the Dunwoodys
and Criswells, Pennsylvania settlers early in the eight-
eenth century.

A little romance comes into the story hereabouts.
John Dunwoody, of Scotch-Irish parentage, settled in
Chester County, Pa., in 1736. He was a school-teacher,
and, along with "readin', 'ritin' and 'rithmetic," he
taught his pupils, that is, one, Susanna Criswell, aged
16, how to conjugate the verb "to love" so successfully
that she promised to marry him if he would buy a
farm.

As a matter of fact, she wouldn't give the fateful
"yes" until he was a landowner. They finally settled at
Brandywine Manor, where she was called the handsom-
est woman in the town. Of their eight children, one,
Dr. James, removed to Georgia. His daughter married
John Elliott, United States Senator, and it was their
granddaughter, Martha Bulloch, who was Theodore
Roosevelt's mother.

Through her he traces back to Archibald Bulloch,
first governor of Georgia and commander-in-chief of
the State's forces in 1776.

In President Roosevelt the South had a representa-
tive in the White House, more closely allied to it by
birth than any President since Tyler.

It is, perhaps, from the Dunwoodys that Roosevelt
got his independent and aggressive spirit. They were
all fighters when occasion required. Several of the
family served through the Revolution, they knew Wash-
ington personally, and were with him at the battles of
Brandywine and Trenton, and crossed the Delaware
with him.

On the Bulloch side of the house President Roosevelt
traces back to the family of Robert Bruce, Bang of

260 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEEICA

Scotland, through his sister, Christian, who married
Sir Christopher Seton.

One line of Koosevelts traces to Henry III. of Eng-
land and Eleanor of Provence.

In old Koosevelt records we come across such charm-
ingly quaint names as Anatje, Nettje, Marritie, Elije,
and "Tryntie, or Cathrine, Jans Uijt den Hage." The
last named was the bride of a Roosevelt. Another fair
Dutch maiden, with a name all her own, was Heyltje
Jakeyntje Kunst. She gave part of it up in exchange
for that of the more euphonic one, Roosevelt.

Another word may be of interest in this connection,
although the story has, of course, been told. When
President Roosevelt visited his mother's home in Geor-
gia, an interesting presentation was made to him con-
sisting of two receipted bills, acknowledging the sale,
by his maternal grandmother, of four negro slaves,
whom she sold in order that she might obtain money to
purchase the trousseau for the wedding of her daughter
to Mr. Roosevelt, father of the President.

One of the bills reads as follows:

"Received, Dec. 27, 1843, from Mr. John F. Martin,
$800; said sum being in full payment for one negro
woman named Bess, and her child John.

(Signed) "MARTHA BULLOCH."

The coat-of-arms illustrated, borne by all of the
Roosevelt name in the United States, is: Argent, on a
mount, vert, a rosebush, with three roses in full bloom,
proper.

Crest: Three ostrich feathers, per pale, gules and
argent.

Motto : Qui plantavet curabit — "The one who planted
it will take care of it."

SAVAGE FAMILY

NAME MAY BE OF FRENCH ORIGIN — FAMILY HAS ITS
TRADITIONS, OLD CASTLES, AND MODERN HEROES

It is a tradition, if nothing more, that Savage was
a name introduced into England by a person, thus
called, in the train of Isabella of France, who became
the queen of Edward II. Earlier settlements, however,
had been made by the Savages, for a knight of the
name founded the family in Ireland when de Courcey
made his invasion.

Le Sauvage was a sobriquet of early times in France.
It implied a certain brusqueness of manner, and from
this, doubtless, the surname arose. Those who try to
be funny at the expense of the Savage family tell stories
which, however, may be taken with a grain of salt, sev-
eral grains, indeed. One story is that a gentleman of
fortune, in Kent, rejoiced in the name of "Savage
Bear, Esq." Born a Bear, his mother wished to per-
petuate her family name of Savage, and gave it to her
son for his Christian name.

Another story teller shows us a list of names which,
arranged for "ready reference," like a directory, appears
this way: "Sharp Walter; Smart Isabella; Savage Sol-
omon."

One seat of the Savage family is in Worcester, Eng-
land— Elmley Castle. In Cheshire "they have long
been people of rank and title;" Lukesland House, and
Ardchin Castle, Devon, and Lisanoure Castle, Antrim,
are seats of the Savages.

Lord Savage, of the Little Ards, living about 1550,
was a man of affairs. There is a book called "The
Savages of the Ards."

The Savages here trace back to Major Thomas of
Boston, 1635, who came from Chester, or to John of
Hartford, who married Elizabeth Dubbin, "ye lOd. of

265

febru, 1652." Dubbin is a name to give one pause. Per-
haps you prefer its original French form, D'Aubin, or
Daubin. John probably hailed from England, and he
was first a member of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
He was afterwards at Hartford and Middletown. In
May, 1654, "he was mayd free/' and living at Hartford.
No one can say a word against John, except that he
didn't know his own mind when it came to spelling his
name. He begins his will Sanedg, and ends it Sanidg.
Savige, Savidge, Savadge, and Sauage are other vari-
ations in colonial records. Sauvage is the French form,
and in Canada we find many Sauvages. In the United
States Savage and Savidge are the usual forms.

In 1680 John had over a thousand acres of land on
the Connecticut Kiver, and he helped build the Middle-
town church.

"Sargnt. Jno. Savidg" is the way we find his name
in one record. He died in 1684, and left "to his loving
wife Elizabeth Sauedg, my now dwelling hous and horn
lott." To son William, "one peice of upland, adioyning
to Israeli Willcocks (seaven acre)." John was his eldest
son, and "Nathanill" was another son, who was to have
the home lot after his mother's "desease." Elizabeth,
the widow, was executrix of the will, which shows that
women had some rights even in those days of no vote.

Samuel Hall and Captain Nathaniel White witnessed
the will, which was in the handwriting of Captain
White, "long the most important citizen of Upper Mid-
dletown."

John Savage had a kersey coate, valued at fifteen
shillings, according to the inventory. "One smoothing
iron, 2sh., and one Large bible and other books, 15sh.,"
are items of the inventory, which was made by Captain
White, William Ward, and Gils Hamlin. The total
value of personal property was £480, 15sh., 6d.

Besides three sons, John left six fair daughters.

Marriage connections of the Savages include the Kir-
bys, Gibsons, Frosts, Knapps, and Montagues. The
first savings bank in Boston, and the second in the

SAVAGE FAMILY 267

United States, was founded by James Savage, antiquary,
born 1784, a descendant of Major Thomas.

The Savages should have no trouble in proving their
eligibility to membership with patriotic societies of
various kinds. Revolutionary officers include Captain
Abijah, who had also been in the Canadian expedition,
and was taken prisoner at Quebec. Captain Abijah was
an officer in the guard of Lafayettte, and on the lat-
ter's visit to this country, entertained him as his guest.
Abijah was deputy to the General Assembly. He mar-
ried Martha Strickland Torrey, and they had fourteen
children. Abijah had several brothers in the Revolu-
tion— Gideon was one, and Nathan another. A repre-
sentative of the Pennsylvania Savages was Lieutenant
John; of the Virginia family, Joseph, surgeon's mate.

The journal of Corporal Gideon Savage, who was at
Valley Forge, is extant, and mighty interesting reading.
Nathan Savage, "the archer/' was as good a shot as any
Indian, and his deeds of prowess were the theme of
song and story. Hiel Savage, a soldier of '76, was one
of the founders of the New York branch of the family.
He made his home in Saratoga County after the close
of the war. His father was Ebenezer, fourth from
John the first, and he held office at Middletown, Conn.,
was a surveyor, and the proud father of ten.

The coat-of-arms illustrated is blazoned: Argent, six
lioncels [or small lions], rampant, sable, three, two, and
one.

Crest: Out of a ducal coronet, or, a lion's gamb [or
limb], erect, sable.

Motto : A te pro te — "From thee, for thee." This is
the coat-armor ascribed to Major Thomas Savage of
Boston, and was granted in 1600. Another Savage
motto is Fortis atque fidelis. Some branches of the
family display arms quartered with those of the King,
Bennett, Welstead, and Christian families.

SEWALL FAMILY

•all

SEWALL FAMILY

NAME PROBABLY or GAELIC ORIGIN — FAMILY PROMI-
NENT IN LITERATURE, THE ARTS, AND POLITICS —
ONE WAS PASTOR OF THE HISTORIC OLD SOUTH
CHURCH

The name of Sewall is a familiar and an honored
one. Literature, the arts, education, and politics bear
the stamp of the family influence.

If the original form of the name was Seawall, the
derivation would he from sea and wall, a structure of
stone or other materials intended for defense or security
against the sea.

The first to bear the name lived near or was a builder
of seawalls.

Other and more interesting derivations are given
which would prove it to be an ancient one. Suil, in
Gaelic, means a willow, and su, south; wold, wall, wild,
and well, a wood, a plain, or a lawn. Combining suil
or su with wold, the name, a local one, would mean,
when assumed as a surname, one who lived in or near
a plain or wood of willows ; or one who lived on a south-
ern plain.

Whatever the original name, we find in old records
the forms Sewel, Sewell, Sewill, Sewale, Sewayll, Su-
wold, Suwall, Suwell, and Sowell. Seawell is a familiar
colonial form of the name.

One of the first, if not the first, of the family in
this country, was Henry Sewall, who was living in
Massachusetts in 1634, and was one of the founders of
Newbury. He came from Bishofstoke, England. His
son was Samuel, also born in England, who, in 1718,
became Chief Justice of the Massachusetts colony, an
office which he held for ten years.

He was a Harvard graduate, 1671, and remained
there as librarian and student of theology. But his
marriage five years later with the daughter of John
Hull, mint master, caused him to give up his studies,

273

274 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEEICA

and he became associated with his father-in-law in
business.

He was assistant governor of the colony. As judge
he presided at the trial of some of the victims of the
Salem witchcraft delusion. A few years later, con-
vinced of his error, he made a public confession, asking
pardon of God and men for his offense.

His diary, which gives an interesting account of the
times, was published by the Massachusetts Historical
Society.

His son, Joseph, was a preacher of such fervor and
unction that he was universally known as the "Weeping
Prophet." He, too, was a Harvard graduate, and elected
its president, an honor which he declined. He was
pastor of Boston's historic Old South Church, and a
friend of Whitefield.

The nephew of Samuel the first, Stephen, also was
Chief Justice of the colony, as well as a great-grandson,
Samuel, born 1759, who attained to the high judicial
position in 1813.

Memorials of the family are preserved by the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society. These include portraits of
Jonathan and Joseph Sewell, and the diary, letters, and
books of Judge Samuel Sewell, also his portrait.

Olive branches flourished in Sewall families — seven-
teen being the sum total in one family. There is a
pretty story regarding a forefather, that his wife
brought, as her marriage portion, her weight in silver,
or £30,000 ! She must have been a buxom maid ! Her
father was, perhaps, the John Hull, mint master, al-
ready mentioned. But he and his daughter together,
with the bridegroom and all the wedding guests thrown
in, and the flowers and the presents, could hardly make
such a charming total. We will take off a few flourishes,
that is, a few ciphers, from this fairy tale, and say that
a lucky Sewall received with his bride her "dot" of
$300 in silver — but we won't say it was her weight in
coin.

The Sewells have been a power in Virginia and North

SEWALL FAMILY 275

Carolina since earliest times. The ancestors of the
author, Molly Elliot Seawell, gave their name, in 1627,
to Seawell's Point, the identical spot of the Jamestown
Exposition, 1907. Seawell has a curious local pronun-
ciation, being pronounced in Virginia as if it were
spelled "Sowell," though Miss Seawell herself pro-
nounces her name as it is spelled.

The family is prominent in Moore and Franklin
Counties, North Carolina. James Seawell was a mem-
ber of the Legislature from Franklin in 1801 and 1802,
and a member of the same body from Moore County
in 1812 and 1813. James Seawell was a member of
the Legislature from Cumberland County in 1833 and
1834, but this was probably another man by the same
name. Gideon Seawell was a member of the Legisla-
ture from Moore County, in 1826-27.

Probably the most distinguished of the name in
North Carolina was Judge Henry Seawell, who lived in
Wake County, and was said to have been in his day
the greatest criminal lawyer in the State. He was
Superior Court Judge and a member of the Court of
Conference, which was then the Supreme Court. His
father and mother lie buried about one mile south of
Carthage. They were Joseph and Martha Seawell, and
the inscriptions on their tombstones are still plainly
legible, although made in 1835. It is also quite inter-
esting to note that this Martha Seawell was a sister
of Nathaniel Macon, speaker of the "United States House
of Eepresentatives, and for many years a Senator in
Congress from North Carolina.

In the South we find a marriage connection with the
family of Thomas and Willie Jones, who were the prin-
cipal authors of the Halifax constitution, and among
the most prominent Southern families.

One of the most popular of political songs during the
Eevolution was "War and Washington," written by Jon-
athan Mitchell Sewall, a lawyer and nephew of Chief
Justice Stephen. He was the author of the famous
couplet :

276 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

"No pent-up Utica contracts your powers,
But the whole boundless continent is yours."

This occurs in his "epilogue" to Addison's "Cato."

When Jonathan visited England, and the tombs of his
ancestors, he found the name universally spelled Sewell,
a form which he adopted.

A history of the Society of Friends was written in
1717, by William Sewel, a Friend living at Amsterdam,
Holland. The history is mentioned by Lamb, in his
"Essays of Elia," under the title, "A Quaker Meeting."
Sewel's grandfather was an English Brownist, who had
emigrated to Holland.

The arms reproduced are: Sable, a chevron between
three bees, volant, argent.

Crest : A bee, or.

This is the coat-of-arms engraved under the portrait
of the Rev. Samuel Sewall of Boston, a descendant of
Henry Sewall, Mayor of Coventry, England, at the end
of the sixteenth century. It is the arms borne by the
Sewall family of the Isle of Wight.

The crest of one branch of the family is a chaplet
of roses, argent, leaved vert, a bee volant of the first.
The arms of another branch are, Sable, a chevron be-
tween three butterflies, argent.

SMITH FAMILY

NAME OF IRON AND FLAME — HIGH HONORS PAID TO
THE SMITHS IN EARLY AGES — AUTHORS, POETS,
MEN OF SCIENCE, STATESMEN, DIPLOMATS — DE-
SCENDANTS ELIGIBLE TO ALL PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES
— A SIGNER OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPEND-
ENCE— HERALDIC EMBLEMS OF HIGH HONOR

The Smiths are lineal descendants of Noah's son,
Shem. Shem, Shemit, Shmit, Smit, Smith — it is quite
simple.

If, however, this derivation does not satisfy the crit-
ical reader who prefers to dig for nominal roots, let
him be told that, literally (it is sometimes tiresome to
be too literal), Smith means Smiter — one who smites
or hammers, from the Saxon word, Smitan. In olden
days, when every bit of metal, copper, iron, silver, or
gold had to be hammered by mighty strokes into armor,
tools, and plate, there were many smiters. They were
not alone men of brawn, but had also to possess skill
and a ready brain. The term was not confined to iron-
work, but was applied to everything which required
"Smiting." Valorous soldiers were called "Mighty
War-Smiths," and the poet was a "Verse-Smith,"
though he had only to smite his brains to produce
results.

In the early ages of the world every king and chief
had a smith, and great was the honor paid to him. In
Wales, the king's smith sat beside his majesty at table,
and had a right to drink of every wine brought into the
banquet hall, before even the guests were served. The
smith then shaped armor and military weapons, and
part of his duty was to teach young warriors how to
use the weapons after he had made them.

Among Highland clans the smith ranked third in
dignity to the chief.

As a surname, it is one of the very oldest. By some
281

282 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

historians it is said to be the oldest surname of all,
with possibly the exception of the name of King. In
old records the name appears as Smeeth, Smight,
Smithes, Smithyes, and Smijthe. Smythe, Smithe, and
Smith are present day forms.

Germany has its Schmitts, Schmiths, Smids, Smidths,
Smits, and Schmitzes. In France the name is the more
euphonious Lefevres. In Italy it is Fabbroni, or one
of the classic forms, Fabri and Fabricii. In Scotland
one hardly recognizes the name as Gowans.

Some one has unkindly said that John, being the
commonest of Christian names, John Smith is really
no name at all. To confound this scoffer the following
list has been prepared:

In Latin, John Smith is Johanus Smithius; in Ital-
ian, Giovanni Smithi, or Fabbroni; in Spanish, Juan
Smithas; in Dutch, Jan Schmiths, or Schmidt, or
Schmitzes; in French, Jean Lefevres; in Greek, Ion
Skmiton; in Polish, Ivan Schmittiweiski ; in Welch,
lihon Schmidd; in Scotch, Jean Gowans; in Russian,
Jouloff Skmittowski; in Chinese, Jahon Shimmit; in
Icelandic, Jahne Smithson; in Mexican, Jontli
F'Smitti ; in Tuscarora, Ton Qu Smittia.

Gilbert Chesterton has this to say of the name in
"Heretics": "The name is unpoetical, although the
fact is poetical, and it must be an heroic matter for a
man to live up to it. It can claim half the glory of
that 'arma virumque' which all epics acclaimed. The
sword and the steam-hammer, the arraying of armies,
and the whole legend of arms — all these things are
written, briefly indeed, but quite legibly, on the visiting
card of Mr. Smith. It would be natural if a certain
hauteur, a certain carriage of the head, a certain curl
of the lip distinguished every one whose name was
Smith. Whoever else are parvenus, the Smiths are
not."

Smith is often a very convenient alias. When Louis
Philippe found himself in a snug hotel at Newhaven,
after abdicating his throne, and when fleeing for his

SMITH FAMILY 283

life, he asked the name of his landlady. "Mrs. Smith?
Eh, bein, I think I have heard that name before !" He
had, for it was the very alias he had adopted, and
"William Smith" was written upon the passport he had
at that moment in his pocket.

Some genius of computation has figured out that if
all the men and boys in the world were enrolled, an
army of seven million Smiths would be among them.
Allowing feminine Smiths to be as numerous, the world
has fourteen million Smiths, of whom there are
1,000,000 in the United States. In New York alone
there are 126,000. Three thousand Smiths are em-
ployed by the United States Government. Nineteen
Smiths die every day.

The Smiths could fill every regiment and man every
ship in Uncle Sam's service, so far as numerical and
age requirements are concerned. Of the total appro-
priation made for the Civil Service, $1,660,000 is paid
out of the Treasury to the Smith family each year.

As a matter of fact, the whole family of Whites are
masquerading under an assumed name. They belong to
the noble army of Smiths, for the name White is de-
rived, not from the Saxon hwit, (albus), but from
hwita — a sharpener, an armorer. Add Whites to
Smiths, and, verily, the family possesses the earth.

The proudest earldom in England is that of the
Smiths — the family name of the Earl of Derby, the
present earl being the fifteenth to bear the title. The
Essex County branch of the Smijth or Smijtt family
traces descent from the Black Prince, and one John
was high sheriff of the county in the reign of Henry
VIII. Sir Thomas Smijth was Secretary of State to
Edward VI.

Many Smiths of English ancestry trace back to the
Eight Keverend William Smith, born in County Lan-
caster, England, about 1460. He was bishop of Lincoln
and Litchfield, and, with one other, founded Brazenose
College, Oxford.

The first New England forefather was probably Rev.

284 COLONIAL FAMILIES OP AMERICA

John Smith — the original John — born in 1614 in Eng-
land. He arrived in Massachusetts, 1630, and helped
to found Barnstable and Sandwich. His wife was Su-
sannah, sister of Governor Hinckley. They had thir-
teen children. The record of their formal betrothal is
found in an old journal dated 1642, "John Smith and
Susannah contracted at Sister Hinckley's house."

Another immigrant ancestor was Nehemiah, who
came from Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, Eng-
land, to Norwich, Conn., in 1636. He is supposed to
have been a lineal descendant of Bishop William Smith,
named above, and of John, second Mayor of New-
castle, who was fifth in descent from the bishop. Nehe-
miah's nephew, Edward, was the first custom house
official in the colony.

Matthew, from Kent, with wife, Jane, and four chil-
dren, was in Charlestown, Mass., 1637 ; Samuel was in
Wethersfield, Conn., in 1634; John, from Hertford,
was in Milford, Conn., in 1640.

The famous Smith estate, known as St. George
Manor, Long Island, comprising nearly 10,000 acres,
was granted in the seventeenth century by the English
crown to a William Smith. In 1907 it was sold by his
descendants for half a million dollars.

Coveted Mayflower lineage may be claimed by one
New England line of Smiths, which traces back to
Isaac Allerton — Hawks and Cushman also being among
the early ancestors.

Thomas Smith, a member of the Continental Con-
gress from Pennsylvania, was born in Scotland. His
family traced its lineage "very far back, and was of
gentle descent and some learning."

Thomas was a lawyer — Judge Thomas — and one of
his clients was Washington. His brother, William
Smith, was the first provost of the college, now the
University of Pennsylvania. William built a handsome
house at the Falls of Schuylkill, and the massive gate-
post bore a plate upon which his crest was engraved.
The plate is now in the possession of a member of

SMITH FAMILY 287

his family, and shows an arm in armor, embowed, throw-
ing a spear.

The last royal chief justice of New Jersey was Fred-
erick Smyth. A hatchment — a rare specimen — in-
scribed with his name, is among the treasures preserved
in historic Christ Church, Philadelphia. It is inscribed :

"Frederick Smyth, died 5th May, 1806, aged 65 years.
Be Virtuous and Be Happy."

The treasurer of the first Virginia colony was Sir
Thomas Smith. Some of the family came over with
Lord Baltimore — they were from Wales. From Mary-
land they went to North Carolina, where they had
large grants of land which still remain in the family,
having never been bought or sold.

Heitman's "Officers of the American Revolution"
gives, among other names of the family, the following :
Lieutenant Silvanus and Captain William of Massa-
chusetts; Major David of Connecticut; Captain Israel
of New York; Captain Robert and Lieutenant Samuel
of Pennsylvania. Samuel was also in the war of 1812,
with the rank of brigadier-general.

Congress resolved that it had "a high sense of the
merit of Colonel Samuel Smith of Maryland, in his
gallant defense of Ft. Mifflin, and that an elegant sword
be presented to him."

No truer patriot ever lived than Major Simeon
Smith, who was always first at the post of danger. He
was among the foremost of that gallant little band of
eighteen who flew to Stonington, upon the bombard-
ment of that town, and there fought with indomitable
courage.

The Rev. Cotton Mather Smith, of Sharon, Conn.,
volunteered as chaplain to the Fourth Connecticut Reg-
iment. A graphic scene in the Sharon meeting house
is described by his wife.

"Before the close of the last hymn a messenger, with
jingling spurs, strode down the aisle and up the high
pulpit stairs and spoke to my husband, who proclaimed,
in clear, ringing tones that 'the die has been cast; blood

288 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

has been shed, and there is no longer any choice be-
tween war and slavery/ " It was said of the Rev. Cot-
ton that he could preach a sermon an hour long in
twenty minutes.

Asael Smith, who served during the Revolution, and
whose home was in Topsfield, Mass., was something of
a wag. Instead of swearing off his taxes, he took them
in good part, apparently, and even "dropped into
poetry," inspired by the theme :

"My land is acres eighty two,

Which sarch the Record you'll find true;

And this is all I have in store,

I'll thank you if you'll tax no more."

Of course we do not forget that the family has its
"signer," James, born in Ireland, who raised the first
volunteer company in Pennsylvania. He it was who
seconded the resolution offered by Dr. Rush, in favor
of a Declaration of Independence.

Prominent in the throng that filled up, with becom-
ing pomp and circumstance, the inauguration of Wash-
ington, was Col. William Stephens Smith, a gallant
soldier. In 1784, when he was secretary of legation in
England, he married Abigail, daughter of John Adams,
his sister, Sarah, having become the wife of Abigail's
brother, Charles. Colonel Smith was born in New York,
the son of John and Margaret Stephens Smith, and he
is buried at Sherburne, N. Y. He took part in twenty-
two battles, and served as aide to Washington, who
always held him in affectionate esteem.

The family has had many governors of States. Ben-
jamin, aide to Washington, was Governor of North
Carolina, to whose University he gave 20,000 acres of
land, a town being named in his honor. William, born
in 1796, was Governor of Virginia; Thomas, born in
1648, was Governor of South Carolina, and was the
first to introduce rice into the Carolinas. He was
grandson of Sir George Smith, of Exeter, England.
James, born in 1809, was Governor of Rhode Island.
Another James, born in 1823, was Governor of Georgia.

SMITH FAMILY 289

One of the name has been nominated for President of
the United States; six have been members of Cabinets;
and one was elected president pro tern, of the Senate.

We do not forget that our national hymn was written
by Samuel Francis Smith of Newtonville, Mass.

The coat-of-arms illustrated, borne by Nehemiah
Smith, of Norwich, Conn., 1636, is: Barry of six, er-
mine and gules, a lion, rampant, ducally crowned, sable.

Crest : A tiger, passant, argent, wounded on the shoul-
der, gules.

Motto : Avise la fin — "Consider the end."

These arms were granted, December 17, 1571 (the
date of the authorization of the crest being 1624), to
John Smith, Mayor of Newcastle, already mentioned.
In an ancient record we read of John Smythe of New
Castell, under-Lyme, "bearer of barrie of sixe, ennyn
and gules, a Lyon."

No heraldic significance has ever been assigned to a
barry, its only object, apparently, being to employ two
colors. The lion is an emblem of high honor and a
token of prowess. The tiger symbolizes valor. Ermine
is always considered a bearing of dignity. Eegarding
the colors, gules and sable ; the former denotes courage,
integrity, and magnanimity; the latter, constancy; the
metal, argent, sincerity.

The arms borne by Governor Thomas Smith of South
Carolina were: Sable, a fesse, cotised between three
martlets, or.

Crest : A greyhound sejant, gules, collared and lined,
argent.

Motto: Semper fidelis— "Always faithful." This
motto is singularly appropriate, when we think of all
who have devoted themselves to the service of king
and country.

The descendants of Robert Smith of Lancaster
County, Virginia, 1665, bear: Sable, a fesse, dancette,
between three lions, rampant, each supporting a garb,
all or.

Colonel Joseph Smith of Essex County, Virginia,

290 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEKICA

1728, bore arms: Argent, a chevron, between three
acorns, slipped and leaved, or.

For Smith of Eardiston, Worcester, England, bar-
onet, arms are blazoned: Sable, a cross-flory, or; on a
chief, engrailed, ermine, a demi-lion, issuant, between
two cross-crosslets, gules.

Crest: A greyhound, sejant, sable, collared, and line
reflexed over the back, or, the body charged with a
cross-crosslet of the last, the dexter paw resting on a
cross-flory.

Virtute sine timore is the motto of one branch of the
family. A sword crossed by a pen is one Smith crest,
with the motto, Mea spes est in Deo — "My hope is in
God."

TODD FAMILY

REPUTED ORIGIN OF THE NAME MAKES DEMANDS ON
THE IMAGINATION — YORKSHIRE THE STRONGHOLD
OF THE FAMILY — SCOTISH ANCESTRY CLAIMED BY
ONE BRANCH — ONE OF THE "WOMEN OF THE
REVOLUTION" A TODD — HER LOYALTY PERSONALLY
ACKNOWLEDGED BY WASHINGTON

In Scotland and the north of England tod is a fox,
and a todhunter a foxhunter. From this must we seek
the origin of the name Todd?

The first to assume it as a surname was perhaps a
keen sportsman. He followed the hounds, or was a
foxhunter. Tod is a name occurring in the writings
of Wycliffe, also Todman. We have other forms of the
name, Todt or Todte, for one, and the compounds Tod-
castle, Todenham, and Todlebru.

A good story is told of a market gardener of Middle-
sex who was brought before a magistrate for not having
printed on his cart his name, his place of residence, and
the words "taxed cart." In defense, the gardener said
that he had complied with the law in every particular,
as the Court could judge from inspection of his cart,
upon which was the following legend :

"A Most Odd Act on a Taxed Cart."

This looked startling, not to say contumaceous, until
it was explained that it could be rendered :

"Amos Todd, Acton, a Taxed Cart."

Who have helped to make the name illustrious? To
mention but a few, one of the best known Irish scholars
of his day — he was born in 1805 — was James Henthorn
Todd, consulted both by statesmen and theologians.
Henry John Todd was editor of Milton; he also edited
Johnson's dictionary, and added several thousand words.

Robert Bentley Todd. in the early part of the nine-
teenth century, was a physician of high repute, and his

295

296 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

statue may be seen at King's College Hospital. David
Todd had a world-wide reputation as an astronomer;
Isaac Todhunter was a mathematician, whose treatises
had an enormous circulation.

Shall we also mention Mary Evans Todd, the "Mar/'
of Coleridge's verse? She was not a Todd by birth,
to be sure, but the wife and the mother of one — the
mother of Elliott D'Arcy Todd, of Yorkshire, which
for centuries has been the stronghold, so to speak, of
the Todds. Can there be any connection between the
name of the family and that of a town in the West
Riding of Yorkshire — Todmorden ? The town also dates
back to Edward III., and even prior to his reign.

From Yorkshire came the progenitors of the Amer-
ican family. One was Christopher, who was an impor-
tant personage in New Haven almost from the year
of its settlement. He was the son of William Todd,
who was the son of William Todd, and he came over
with his wife, Grace, and several children about 1639.
What is now the campus of Yale College was part of
Christopher's estate. Many of his descendants now
live in New Haven. Agreeably to the traditional origin
of his name, Christopher bore for arms three fox's
heads.

The Massachusetts branch of the Todd family dates
back to John, who also came from Yorkshire. He
settled in Rowley, Mass., in 1637, with his wife, Susan-
nah, and six children. He was a representative to the
general court for many years. He bore, for arms, a
fox, rampant, with a dove for crest, and the motto : "By
Cunning, Not by Craft."

Descendants of Adam Todd may claim Scotch an-
cestry, for he was born in the Highlands and wore the
Highland garb. The date of his arrival in the New
World is not known, but he died in 1765, leaving a
widow and four children — Adam, James, Sarah, and
Margaret.

In "Women of the Revolution" we read of Sarah,
Adam Todd's wife. Their home was in Cliff street,

TODD FAMILY 297

New York. When the British took possession of the
city she left it, but quickly returned when she heard
that a servant, whom she had left in charge of her
house, was passing herself off as the mistress and was
taking boarders. She remained through the war, and,
with her daughters, was a ministering angel to prison-
ers and the wounded in hospitals.

Her house was called "rebel headquarters" by the
British, and an officer said of her and her daughters:

"They are the d rebels in New York." To the

house of her daughter, Mrs. Margaret Whetten, was first
brought the news of peace to the citizens of New York.
Mrs. Todd received a letter from Washington, express-
ing thanks and gratitude in behalf of the country, and
asked leave to breakfast with her. During the meal he
rose twice to thank her for her devoted loyalty. She is
buried in St. Paul's churchyard, New York.

Many interesting anecdotes have been handed down
in the family regarding Revolutionary days, and the
part she and her daughters took in those times that tried
men's souls.

Some British soldiers were once in her house, drink-
ing, and asked her for a toast. "Why, we eat toast," she
replied, and with so much simplicity that they supposed
her really ignorant of the meaning of the word, and
insisted no further. Her ingenuity in avoiding the
necessity of pledging her enemies recalls the story of
a lady, who, obliged to give a toast in the presence of
British officers, pledged "to the baker's dozen" — mean-
ing the thirteen Colonies.

"The sword of the Lord and Washington will pre-
vail," was Mrs. Todd's expression of her faith in the
righteousness of the cause.

Her daughter, Sarah, married a Brevoort, one of a
family owning a large slice of New York City, whose
name is perpetuated in various ways in the metropolis
— a family which helped to build up Astor and Vander-
bilt connections, it may also be mentioned. Adam Todd,
second, married Margaret Dodge, daughter of Jeremiah

298 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

and Margaret Vanderbilt Dodge. The wife of the first
Astor in this country was Sarah Todd. He was John
Jacob Astor, who came from Waldorf, Baden, in 1783.

It is not alone the women of the family who have
a Revolutionary record ; the men also played their parts.
Timothy, of Vermont, a surgeon, was at the battle of
Bennington, and a member of the Governor's council.
Eben Todd, or Tod, as the name frequently appears in
Colonial records, served through the war. Thomas, of
Virginia, was also a member of the Continental army.
His son, Charles, was one of the four aides who ren-
dered General Harrison most important services during
his campaign. He was afterward Minister to Russia.
The Kentucky branch of the Todd family also has its
war record. There were Lieutenant Levi, and his
brother, Colonel John, good and brave soldiers. Levi
was the father of Robert, the father of Mrs. Abraham
Lincoln.

In the War of 1812 George Todd was lieutenant-
colonel. His son, David, was Governor of Ohio. Will-
iam Todd, of New Hampshire, born in 1823, won the
first victory in a constitutional convention, single
handed, on the method of drawing seats, and followed
it up by drawing the best seat in the House. This gave
him prestige, which ready wit and common sense in-
creased, and it was unusual for a convention to vote
down anything which he supported. A preacher, author,
and educator was John Todd of Vermont, whose "Stu-
dents' Manual" had a great vogue. He helped to found
Mount Holyoke Seminary.

The arms reproduced, that of Christopher, the set-
tler, and now borne by the Connecticut Todds, are : Ar-
gent, three fox's heads, couped, gules, a border vert.

Crest: A chapeau, or cap of maintenance, gules,
turned up, ermine, a fox sejant, proper.

Motto : Oportet vivere — "It is necessary to live."

Burke's Peerage credits the Todd family with eight
coats-of-arms.

WALLACE FAMILY

DESCENDED FROM POWERFUL CHIEFTAINS — PATRIOTISM
ALWAYS CONSPICUOUS — CHARACTERISTICS ARE
UNDAUNTED COURAGE AND PHYSICAL PROWESS

Eecords of the Wallace family begin with Bimems
Galeius, a Welshman, who may have been a descendant
of Galgacus, a Caledonian chieftain of the first century,
A. D., for some authorities tell us that Wallace is a
name derived from Galgacus. This would seem to be a
question open to discussion.

Eimerus Galeius had a son called Richard Walense,
who, about the beginning of the twelfth century, had
large estates in Ayr, Scotland. He was a powerful
chieftain, and his sons, Richard and Henry, who wrote
the name Walays, added to the paternal estates lands
in Renfrew. One of the family estates was named El-
lerslie, and there Scotland's national hero, Sir William,
son of Sir Malcolm Wallace, is supposed to have been
born, 1270.

The variations of the name are legion. To give a
few examples: Wallys, Walais, Walleyes, Waless, Wa-
leys, Wallas, Waliss, Wallaise, Walace, and Walense.
Wallis is the ancient Irish form of the name, and Val-
lance a Scotch orthography of the early ages.

One of the first, if not the first of the name here,
was Rev. James Wallace, who was living at Elizabeth
City, Va,, about 1695. He came from Perthshire. Staf-
ford and King George counties, Va., were early homes
of the Wallaces, and about the middle of the eighteenth
century Dr. Michael Wallace owned property in both
counties. As he called his house Ellerslie, or Elderslie,
and it is known that he came from Scotland, where his
father, William, was born in 1719, it is inferred that
he was of the same family as Wallace, the hero. Michael,
upon his arrival in this country, became a student of

303

304 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

a certain Dr. Brown, the happy father of nine beautiful
Miss Browns. Like most — all, indeed — of the doctor's
students, Michael straightway lost his heart to one,
Elizabeth by name, and parental sanction failing the
pair, an elopement from the second-story window (the
tale is quite explicit about this) followed. An obliging
friend held the ladder. This, too, is put down in black
and white.

Dr. Michael and family lived at one time at Fal-
mouth, Va., and among the fees recorded in his account
book is one of 800 pounds of tobacco.

One of the early fathers of the Pennsylvania Wal-
laces was James, who died in Warwick County, 1777.
He held many offices. He was justice of the peace ; cor-
oner of Bucks County, 1768 ; and trustee of the Nesha-
ming Presbyterian meeting. It was adjoining this
house of worship that its first pastor, Rev. Wm. Ten-
nent, founded the famous Log College. James Wal-
lace was a patriot ; a member of the committee of safety ;
a deputy from Bucks County to Philadelphia, 1774 ; a
member of the committee appointed to purchase all
arms not in use in the country ; and a delegate to learn
the process of powder-making at the saltpetre works,
Philadelphia. James married Isabella Miller, of War-
wick County, and he was the son of James Wallace,
who came from the North of Ireland and died in War-
wick in 1724.

One of the New England progenitors was John Wal-
lace, who removed from Ireland to New Hampshire
about 1720, with wife, Annis Barnet. His son, William,
born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, married Han-
nah, sister of Matthew Thornton, delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress, 1776, and a "signer."

The Wallaces also had homes at New Ipswich, N. H.,
and Ashburnham and Lunnenburg, Mass. New Eng-
land marriage connections include the Morses of Lynn,
the Gowens, and the Bonds, the latter descendants of
Count Rumford.

Virginia, Tennessee, and other Southern connections

WALLACE FAMILY 305

include the Lewis, Hickman, Scott, Barren, and Ran-
dolph families.

The patriotism of the Wallaces has always been con-
spicuous and disinterested. Every war has had its rep-
resentatives. Officers of the Virginia branch in the
American Revolution included Ensign James, Surgeon
James, Lieuts. Adam, Henry, and Gustavus, and Capt.
Andrew. Ensign John and Surgeon Michael were Penn-
sylvania representatives, and Capt. James was of the
Rhode Island branch.

Representatives in the Mexican war included William
H. and Lewis, or "Lew" Wallace, of the Western branch
of the family. The last named was not only distin-
guished as a soldier, a lawyer, and a painter, but he
was the author of what is called the most celebrated
novel ever written by an American. Lew Wallace was
the son of David, one of the governors of Indiana.

One of the poets of the family was William Ross
Wallace, born in Kentucky. The story is told that one
night, when he was in company with several other bril-
liant men, the question arose, "What rules the world?"
Various opinions were expressed. After a while Wal-
lace left the room. When he returned he read the verses
which he had just composed :

"The hand that rocks the cradle
Is the hand that rules the world."

Characteristics of the Wallaces are undaunted cour-
age, physical strength and prowess, and an enthusiastic
love of liberty.

The arms reproduced were borne by the Wallaces of
Ellerslie, Virginia. The blazon is: Gules, a lion ram-
pant, argent, within a bordure, compony, of the last and
azure.

Crest: An ostrich, holding in his beak a horseshoe,
proper.

Motto : Libertas optima resumi.

This coat-armor is also attributed to the Wallaces of
Pennsylvania, but with a different crest, which is a
demi-lion rampant, and the motto, Pro patria.

WENDELL FAMILY

DOORS OF ALL PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES OPEN TO DESCEND-
ANTS— FOREFATHERS MEN OF AFFAIRS — STATES-
MEN, AUTHORS, PHILANTHROPISTS — COAT-ARMOR
SYMBOLIZES TRUTH, LOYALTY, INTEGRITY

Evert Jansen Wendell, or Wendel, progenitor of the
family in this country, was born in 1615, at Emden,
Germany.

Emden is situated on the river Ems, "on the confines
of the united province of Holland, northwestern part
of Hanover, Germany."

The family was originally from Rhynland, or Delft-
land, whence they fled to avoid the religious persecu-
tions of the Duke of Alva.

Wendz or Wends is a name given to a province, and
here doubtless we have the origin of the name. Wendal
is another orthography.

"Se" or "sen" means the "son of," and Janse is
therefore the son of Jan, John, or Johannes.

Evert came to the new world in 1642, and settled at
New Amsterdam, where, on February 8, 1647, he ob-
tained a patent for a lot in what was then called the
"Graft" — now Beaver street. "Graft" has a familiar
sound to us of to-day. Have we not heard the word
before? Not, however, except in this instance just
cited, in connection with a Wendell, we may be very
certain. "On Beaver lane, between the Breedweg and
Brugh straat," is the way one record has it.

Evert Jansen had the good sense to marry, and he
lost no time about it, for in less than two years after his
arrival he led blushing Susanna to the altar.

Susanna was the daughter of Mr. Du Trieux, the
Philip Du Trieux, it is supposed, who was court mes-
senger at New Amsterdam. Truax is the modern
version of this name.

309

310 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Evert and Susanna had eight children; Thomas,
Elsje, Johannes, Diewertje (who died early), Diewertje,
second, Jeronimus, Philip, and Evert. After Susanna's
death, in 1660, he married Mrs. Maritje Abrahamse,
daughter of Abraham Pieter Vosburg, and widow of
Thomas Jans Mingael, and they had four children:
Abraham, Catharine, Marie, and Susanna. His third
wife was Ariaantje.

In 1651 Evert left New Amsterdam, removing to
Fort Orange, or Albany, where he died in 1709. His
autograph leaves much to be desired, as far as penman-
ship is concerned, but it is certainly better than "Evert
Jansen Wendell — his mark."

His home, on the west corner of James and State
streets, Albany, he left to his son, Thomas. Evert was
Orphan Master and magistrate, and a worthy ancestor
to claim. Many patriotic societies have open doors for
the Wendells.

"The Society of Colonial Daughters of the Seven-
teenth Century" is one. The seal of this society, which
was incorporated in 1869, displays a spinning wheel and
andirons, and, above, a crown, with the motto, Consilio
et Animis — "By wisdom and courage."

Captain Johannes Wendell, of the second generation,
was alderman and then mayor of Albany, and is de-
scribed as "successful and wealthy."

His will begins: "Touching such temporal estate of
land, houses, goods, chattels and debts, as the Lord hath
been pleased, (far beyond my deserts), to be stow upon
me, I give to my well-beloved wife Elizabeth," etc.
Eleven children had to be provided for. Two daughters
were to receive 340 beavers when they married — beavers
were counted as currency. Wendell street, Albany, was
thus named, in the early days.

Jeronimus, or to give a more common spelling of
the time, Hieronymus, of the second generation, mar-
ried Ariaantje Harmense Visscher of Albany. Those
were the days, when, even if art was long, time was not
fleeting. But to say nothing of the length of names

312 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

bestowed, have you not a tear to drop for the maid who
must say, "I, Ariaantje Harmense, take thee, Hierony-
mus" — truly a dramatic moment! But she could con-
gratulate herself that he was not also Abrahamse Da-
vidijse, and so on.

These old Dutch names have a delicious sound, any
way — even Maritje, Jillisse, and Diewertje. The latter,
translated into prosaic twentieth century dialect, means
little Deborah — aie" or "je" being a diminutive, or
term of endearment.

Marriage connections of the Wendells of New York
include the Van Ness, Ten Broeck, de Kay, Hun, Van
Vechten, and Schuyler families. Jaabus Davidtse
Schuyler married Catalyntje Wendell, granddaughter
of Evert the first. Cathalina Hun married Harmanus
Wendell, who, among other offices, held that of justice
of the peace.

The Wendells, of one branch, are heirs of the noted
Anneke Janse. This, through the marriage of Abra-
ham, of the third generation, to a great-granddaughter
of Madame Anneke.

We are not going to accuse the Wendells of extrava-
gance in dress, although among the effects of one thrifty
forefather there were fourteen dozen silver buttons —
large ones and solid — to say nothing of silver shirt but-
tons. The description we have of Colonel Jacob Wen-
dell, a merchant of Boston about 1750, makes charming
reading. He wore a richly embroidered scarlet coat, an
embroidered long waistcoat, small clothes, gold knee
buckles, silk stockings with gold clocks, shoes with large
gold or silver buckles — according to the importance of
the occasion — full ruffles at bosom and wrists, a gold-
laced cocked hat, and he carried a gold-headed cane. If
thus he was attired, what must have been the gay ap-
parel of his wife ! Colonel Jacob was a member of the
Governor's council, and director of the first bank of
Massachusetts.

The Wendells of New England claim Abraham,
grandson of Evert, as a forefather. In New Hampshire

WENDELL FAMILY 313

the line traces to John, grandson of Abraham. John
was born at Boston, son of John and Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Edmund and Dorothy Quincy — "Dorothy Q."
When Washington was at Portsmouth, N. H., one of
the Wendells — John by name — was one of the commit-
tee to welcome him, and for the occasion he composed
some verses, which are filled with patriotism and poetic
fire.

Among the hosts of John Paul Jones, when he visited
Portsmouth, were the Wendells. New England connec-
tions of the family include the Holmes — Oliver Wen-
dell Holmes — and the Phillips, Wendell Phillips. John
Phillips, father of Wendell and son of William and
Margaret Wendell Phillips, the first mayor of Boston,
is buried in the famous old Granary Burying Ground.

Margaret was the eleventh child of Colonel Jacob —
whose raiment has furnished us with a paragraph — and
her mother was a descendant of Colonial Governor
Bradstreet.

The Wendells owned mills in New England, and
were prosperous. In their ranks they number states-
men, philanthropists, authors, poets, and patriots.

Among those in the Continental army were Captain
John, and Adjutant Jacob, both of New York, and
both literally "boys of '76." The Wendells who became
Western pioneers claim, among other patriotic ances-
tors, Bo wen Green, drum-major in the Revolutionary
army, for his daughter, Huldah, conferred the honor
of her hand — likewise her heart — upon a Wendell.

An illustration is given of the coat-armor borne by
descendants of Evert Jansen Wendell.

It is blazoned : Per fesse, azure and argent ; in chief,
a ship in full sail, of the second; in base, two anchors,
in saltire, rings downwards, sable.

Motto: Regerenden Dijaken.

Some branches of the family use the ship of the arms
for crest.

The ship might be described as "a Dutch galleon,
under sail, with royal flag of Holland flying." A ship,

314 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

in heraldry, symbolizes some notable exploit by sea, and
anchors, succor in extremity. The anchor is also the
Christian emblem of hope. The shield of Eichard I.
bore an anchor.

Azure symbolizes loyalty, truth, and integrity; ar-
gent, sincerity and peace; sable, constancy.

When the old Dutch Church at Albany was demol-
ished, in 1806, one window was saved. It had nine
panes of glass upon which the coat-of-arms, here shown,
was painted, and these have been preserved. Evert Jan-
sen Wendell was an elder and one of the pillars of the
church.

WILSON FAMILY

PATRIOTIC PIONEERS READY TO Do AND DARE — JAMES
WROTE His NAME LARGE UPON THE DECLARATION
OF 1776 — PASTOR OF BOSTON 's FIRST CHURCH A
WILSON

Wilson is a name said to be derived from Williams.
The process of evolution is something as follows : Will-
iams, Wills, Bills, Bilson, Willson. Other names de-
rived from Williams are Wilks, Wilkins, Wilkinson,
Wickens, Wickeson, Willet, Willy, Wylie, Till, Tillot,
Tilson.

In old records we find that a certain John designated
himself "John son of William, the son of John de
Hunchelf." In another later record he wrote himself,
John Wilson. In this way was the name formed.

It was a free and easy way each man had of identify-
ing himself in the long ago. Sometimes the same per-
son bore different surnames at different periods. Thus
a man who described himself as William, son of Adam
Emmotson, in 1406, calls himself William Emmotson
ten years later.

In Battle Abbey deeds the names John Hervey, John
Fitz-Hervie de Sudwerk, and John de London are all
of one and the same person.

We must not suppose that an abbreviated name im-
plies any disrespect, or that the Wills and Wilsons are
less "worshipful" — as the old records would say — than
the Williams and the Williamsons.

Willson was almost invariably the spelling until
within the last 150 years — now we seldom find the two
"IV used.

Before 1700 a number of Wilsons had found homes
in this country.

One was almost a Mayflower pilgrim. This is an in-
stance of a miss being as good as a mile. He who
might have conferred a distinguished honor upon his

317

318 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

descendants, by taking passage in that historic boat,
was Roger, born in England, and one of the company
who helped to fit out the Mayflower. However, his son
John, born in England 1631, came over twenty years
later, and did valiant service in fighting both Indians
and Frenchmen. To do and dare was one of his objects
in coming to the new world. His great-grandson, John,
of Rehoboth, Mass., was in the Revolution. William,
an early settler of Concord, died a soldier in the Conti-
nental army, and his son, Samuel, born here, entered
the army when only sixteen, and served to the end.

The pastor of the first church, built about 1630, in
Boston, was John Wilson, who is supposed to have been
one of those of Governor Winthrop's fleet. John's wife
was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Mansfield, and
his mother was niece of the famous Puritan Archbishop
Grindal. John Wilson traced a pedigree to William
Wilson, "gentleman," of Wellsbourne, Lincoln County,
England, who died 1587, and was buried in the famous
chapel of Windsor Castle. Here his son, Rev. William,
a canon of the chapel, was also buried in 1615. The
Rev. John was nearly related to the Wellsbourne fam-
ily, doubtless a son of Canon Wilson.

Gowen Wilson was one of the forty-two men admitted
citizens of Kittery, Maine, in 1647. His name is also
spelled Gawin, Gowin, and Goin. It is an uncommon
name, but a favorite in the Wilson family, and found
in nearly every generation. Gavin, probably the orig-
inal form, is a well-known name in Scotland, the native
land of Gowen Willson.

The progenitor of the New York branch of the fam-
ily was William, son of William, a famous doctor in
Scotland. The New York William settled at Living-
ston Manor, and was executor of the will of Chancellor
Livingston. William was in the war of 1812.

The Pennsylvania family claim Thomas Wilson, who
came over in 1730, and was one of the founders of
Gettysburg. He married a sister of Major Dunwiddie,
of Revolutionary fame.

320 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

James Wilson, signer of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, was one of the founders of the North Caro-
lina branch of the family. He was born in Scotland,
and possessed the splendid characteristics of that nation
— characteristics which have made its people notable
the world over. James was a member of the Conti-
nental Congress, and also the Congress of 1785. Soon
after he was appointed Chief Justice. His reputation
as an able lawyer has never diminished, and for pro-
found insight few have been his equals.

On Thursday, November 22, 1906, with ceremonies
of great solemnity and dignity, the remains of James
Wilson, signer of the Declaration of Independence and
esteemed by some as the creator of the Constitution of
the United States, were brought from North Carolina
and reinterred within the shadow of old Christ Church,
Philadelphia. The clergy officiating at Christ Church
were the Bishop Coadjutor of the diocese of Pennsyl-
vania, the Rt. Rev. Alexander Mackay-Smith. D. D.,
the secretary of the diocese, the Rev. Thos. J. Gar-
land, the Rev. J. H. Lamb, D. D., chaplain of the
Society of St. Andrew, and the Rev. R. Heber Barnes,
in charge of Christ Church. After the religious service,
the exercises were in charge of the Governor of Penn-
sylvania, who made the opening address and introduced
the distinguished speakers from the city, the State and
the nation. Among these were Samuel Dickson, Esq.,
of the Philadelphia bar, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, author of
"Hugh Wynne," Andrew Carnegie of New York, Judge
Alton B. Parker, President of the American Bar Asso-
ciation, Justice White of the United States Supreme
Court, and Hampton L. Carson, Esq., Attorney-General
of Pennsylvania. The casket was then borne to the
churchyard as the choir sang Kipling's

"Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet,
Lest we forget. Lest we forget."

The South Carolina family trace back to Dr. Robert
Wilson, who settled in Charlestown, the middle of
the eighteenth century.

WILSON FAMILY 321

The Wilsons have their statesmen, Senators, lawyers,
physicians, artists, musicians, historians, educators,
engravers, journalists. The Vice-President of the
United States was a Wilson only by adoption. If he
had had the luck to be born into the family, he would
probably have stopped at nothing less than the office
of chief executive of the land.

The strenuous man of affairs was George, who laid
out the city of Des Moines, Iowa.

One of the well-known members of the family is
John Wilson, author, born 1785, in Scotland, whose pen
name was Christopher North. He was educated at the
University of Glasgow, where he acquired considerable
scholarship, perfected himself in all sports and exer-
cises, and fell in love with a certain "Margaret," who
was the object of his affections for several years.

The family boasts also of men mighty with the
sword, as well as the pen. There was Sergeant Joseph
of Maine. He died 1710, and his widow Hannah
stepped into his shoes, figuratively speaking. She was
chosen to set up a garrison house, because — so it is ex-
plained— hers was the best garrison near, and not on
account of any special ability on her part as an Indian
fighter. Hers, however, was not the simple life of
inaction.

Sergeant Joseph's inventory includes much good
cheer for "funerall charges." There were gallons of it,
i. e., "good cheer," and nutmegs, cloves, "allspis" and
"gouger."

"To the fetchen the crownar (Joseph died suddenly),
one shilling.

"To Mr. Elihu Gunnson, three shillings." (He pre-
sumably was a gentleman of the jury.)

"To mr. odd horn, one sh "

This is a puzzler! If the name of a man, why did
he not change it?

The hero of the family — or the hero of a story which
has lost nothing as it traveled along down the ages —
was the young son of William Wilson, of Maine, whose

322 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

wife and son — the hero of the story — were carried off
by Indians. The boy was barefooted. It was summer
time when the red men descended upon the Wilson home
and carried away the two captives. When cold weather
came on the boy was provided with wooden shoes. One
happened to pinch his foot, and so exasperated him
that one day he seized a tomahawk, and, with a single
blow, split the shoe from his foot.

The adroitness with which he dealt the blow, without
touching his foot with the weapon, so pleased his cap-
tors that they released him and his mother. The mate
to the wooden shoe is handed down in the family as
a precious relic.

The family had its share of curious names, for were
there not Calantha Jane and Sophila Annette — these
the wife and daughter of Albert, whose name was
handed down to his son, and to a daughter, Mary
Alberteen.

The coat-of-arms reproduced, that of the Wilsons
of Wellsbourne, is recorded in the Heralds' Lincoln-
shire Visitation of 1592. It is found on the will of
Rev. John, of Boston. According to Burke's Peerage,
it was granted March 24, 1586. It is emblazoned as
follows : Per pale, argent and azure, three lion's gambs,
erased, fesseways, in pale, counter charged.

Crest: A lion's head, erased, argent, guttee de sang.

Motto: Res non verba — "Deeds, or acts, not words."

A lion, as has often been said, is a bearing of high
honor — it matters not whether it be the body entire,
or erased, or simply a limb.

The family of South Carolina, descendants of Dr.
Robert, bear arms : Gules, a chevron, between three mul-
lets, argent. Crest: A talbot's head. Motto: Semper
vigilans.

The New York Wilsons bear arms: Sable, a wolf,
ducally gorged. Crest : A wolf's head. Motto : Ego de
meo sensu judico.

WINSLOW FAMILY

RECORDS EXTEND BACK TO FOURTEENTH CENTURY —
FAMILY IDENTIFIED WITH HISTORY OF THE NEW
WORLD — PILGRIM EDWARD WAS "WELL CON-
NECTED"— His MARRIAGE WITH WIDOW WHITE

THE FIRST IN THE COLONY

Winslow, at first glance, seems a name without any
aliases. Upon investigation, however, it turns out to
have a considerable number. For example, you may
begin away back several centuries and write down your
grandfather as Wyncelowe. This reverses the present
order of orthography, for it is usually "i" first, and
changed to "y," as you grow rich and haughty, and wish
to put on airs.

Next we come across, in ponderous tomes, dust-cov-
ered, these variations of the patronymic: Wynselowe,
Wynsloe, Wynslo, Wynslaire, Winneslaw, then Wends-
low, Winslowe, until finally we settle down upon Wins-
low — plain, sensible name that you couldn't misspell
if you wished to ever so much.

The name is of Anglo-Saxon derivation, meaning the
"hill of battle," or the battle hill, from uines, or winnes,
or wines, meaning battle, and hlaw, a hill.

Winslow is the name of a town in Buckinghamshire.
In Sweden there is a place called Winslof .

The first record, probably, of the name as a patro-
nymic is in 1443, when Thomas Winselowe "Esq." was
living in Oxford. He also had a seat in Essex.

In the New World no name is more identified with
its history, or has, rightly, been more honored.

The register, dated 1560, of St. Peter's Church,
Droitwich, Worcestershire, gives records of the ancestors
of Edward, the Mayflower pilgrim. This was the year
of the birth of Edward's father, also Edward, who
married, first, Eleanor Pelham, and second, Magdalene

327

328 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Ollyver, the mother of the pilgrim, who was born
in 1595.

The family chart may also record the name of the
second Edward's grandfather, Kenelm, a name which
has been passed down from generation to generation.

The "Plimoth" pilgrim had married, in 1618, Eliza-
beth Barker, who came over with her husband. They
brought three servants, and it is down in the records
that he was a gentleman "well connected," and "of the
best family of any of the pilgrims." This is a distinc-
tion claimed by others for their Mayflower grandfa-
thers. At any rate, Edward has the distinguished prefix
"Mr." to his name in the compact. His marriage to
the widow, Susanna Fuller White, mother to Peregrine
White, the first child born to the colonists, was the first
wedding in Plymouth.

The record puts it quaintly: "Mr. Ed. Winslow, his
wife dyed, and he maried with the widow of Mr. White,
and hath two children living by her, marigable, besides
sundry that are dead."

Governor Winslow, to give him his title, as agent of
the colony made several trips to England, and in 1624
brought the first neat cattle imported. His knowledge
of medicine gained the good will of Massasoit, whom he
cured of an illness.

He warned idlers and persons "with a dainty tooth"
not to come to the colony; the land had not then been
won by our valiant forefathers, sword in hand, nor did
it flow with "honey, freedom and milk."

The only authentic portrait of any Mayflower pilgrim
is that of Edward Winslow; it was painted in England
in 1651. His chair and other relics are preserved in
Pilgrim Hall. The first Thanksgiving is thus described
by Winslow: "Our harvest being gotten in, Governor
Bradford sent four men out fowling, so that we might
rejoice together. For three days we feasted Massasoyt
and some 90 men." This was in 1621. The next
Thanksgiving Day was in July, 1623.

Josiah, son of Edward, was Governor of the colony,

WINSLOW FAMILY 329

and his son, Isaac, was military commander for twenty
years, and chief justice. Isaac's son, John, was also
a noted military leader. His house at Plymouth is still
standing and his sword and portrait are in Pilgrim
Hall. The town of Winslow, in Maine, is named for
him.

Another John of this line saved the communion plate
of Old South Church, Boston, from the British by
burying it. It was he who discovered the dead body
of General Joseph Warren. "Winslow Blues," a mili-
tary organization, was thus named for him, and he was
one of the charter members of the Society of the Cin-
cinnati, of which Washington was one of the founders.

Eevolutionary rosters give, among others, the names
of Captain and Surgeon Shudruch, Captain Nathaniel
and Major John J. Maas. John H. Winslow, of En-
field, son of Major John, was in the War of 1812.
Admiral John Aucrum Winslow, of the North Carolina
family, was an admiral and in the Mexican War.

A Winslow characteristic is loyalty, a trait carried
to a degree by Edward of Rochester, Mass., born in
1703, son of Major Edward. So highly did he regard
his family that only one of its name was good enough
for his wife — his three wives. First, Hannah Winslow ;
second, Rachel Winslow; third, Hannah Winslow. He
had eighteen children.

The coat-of-arms illustrated, that of Governor Ed-
ward Winslow, is blazoned as follows: Argent, on a
bend, gules, seven lozenges, conjoined, or.

Crest: The trunk of a tree, throwing out new
branches, proper.

Motto: Deceiptae flores, or Decarptus floreo, as it
sometimes appears.

Kenelm Winslow bore arms : Argent, on a bend, gules,
eight lozenges, conjoined, or.

Crest: The stump of a tree with branches proper,
encircled with a strap and buckle. His motto was De-
carptus floreo.

Regarding the significance of the heraldic bearings,

330 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

the bend, which symbolizes the shield suspender of a
knight, and is a bearing of high honor, denotes defense,
protection. The lozenge, like all square figures, means
honesty, constancy, wisdom, and is a token of noble
birth. The tree has always been an object of venera-
tion. Argent signifies sincerity; gules, military forti-
tude and magnanimity ; and or, generosity and elevation
of mind.

WRIGHT FAMILY

ri.

WEIGHT FAMILY

NAME OF ANGLO-SAXON DERIVATION — ONE FORE-
FATHER CAME OVER IN THE "FORTUNE" — FIVE
HAVE BEEN GOVERNORS OF STATES — MANY NAMES
UPON EEVOLUTIONARY ROSTERS

Wright is a name derived from the Anglo-Saxon
wryhta. Like the Latin word, "faber," it means a
workman of any kind, especially an artificer in wood
or hard materials. Wright, at this day, means car-
penter in Scotland.

In Canterbury Tales, Chaucer says:

"He was a well good wright — a carpenter."

Wryde, le Wryght, le Wricte, le Wrytte and Wrighte
are old forms of the name. It appears as a surname
in conjunction with many other words as Allwright,
Goodwright, Arkwright, Wainwright, Wrightson and
Wrightworth.

The family has been prominent in England for many
centuries, especially in Suffolk, Kent, Surrey, Warwick,
and Durham. Cranham Hall, Essex, is one seat of the
Wrights, and Bilham House, York, another. Wright's
Park is well known in Scotland. The Irish branch was
established by Ireland Wright, who went with Cromwell
to that kingdom.

One of the first of whom we have any record was
John, Lord of Kelvedon Manor, Essex. He died in
1551. His son was Robert of the Moat House, and
Lord of the Manor of Great and Little Ropers.

His direct descendant was Thomas, whom we find
deputy to the general court at Wethersfield, Conn., in
1643, whose wife was Margaret, widow of John Elson.

An earlier pilgrim father was William, who came
over in the Fortune, 1621, with his wife Priscilla.

In 1645 Benjamin, who had come from England,
was a large landowner at Guilford, Conn. He was
granted permission to put up a tan-mill "to take water

335

336 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

yt issueth from ye waste gate, provided it hurt not ye
town mill."

He had nine children, and from him descended Silas,
Governor of New York and United States Senator, and
William, Governor of New Jersey and also Senator.

Nicholas, who was living at Lynn, Mass., in 1637,
was a surveyor, a large landowner and town magistrate.
He also held many other offices of civil trust.

The Wrights have a notable record as Governors of
States. Besides Silas and William, already mentioned,
there was Sir James Wright, the last royal Governor
of Georgia. He was born in South Carolina, 1714, and
son of Benjamin, who was from Durham, England.
Robert Wright was Governor of Maryland, and Joseph
of Indiana.

Of Governor Silas Wright it has been said that he
"never sought an office, and never felt at liberty to
refuse one."

Nathaniel Wright, an active member of Winthrop's
colony, was a London merchant who owned one-eighth
of the ships which brought the colonists to America,
which he never visited. Thomas, of Wethersfield, was
of the same family, and Nathaniel's half-brother, Sam-
uel, was ancestor of the Springfield, Mass., branch.

The brothers, Peter and Anthony, were progenitors
of the Long Island Wrights. The deed of their land
purchase, in 1677, from the Indians shows that the con-
sideration was 6 Indian coats, 6 kettles, 6 fathoms of
wampum, 6 hoes, 6 hatches, 3 pairs of stockings, 30 awl
blades, 20 knives, 3 shirts and as much peag as would
amount to £4. A portion of this land has been owned
and occupied by the Wrights ever since.

The first Quaker meeting was held at Anthony's
house, and a house of worship erected on his grounds
was paid for in Indian corn, pork and peas.

One of the founders of Methodism in this country
was Richard Wright, who came over with Francis
Asbury in 1771.

In 1736 Thomas Hynson Wright, a surveyor for

WEIGHT FAMILY 337

Lord Baltimore, was one of the delegates to the Assem-
bly at Annapolis. His son, Colonel Thomas, was dele-
gate to the Colonial Convention of 1775, a member of
the association of freemen who protested against in-
fringements of their liberty, and the first military com-
mander of Maryland forces under Revolutionary organ-
ization.

Major Samuel Turbutt Wright, also of the Maryland
family, was a hero of the Revolution and one of the
principal leaders at the battle of Long Island, where it
was that the valor of Maryland's "400" shone so glori-
ously. The Sons of the Revolution of that State have
commemorated the bravery of the heroic band by the
erection of a monolith at Brooklyn.

Revolutionary rosters give the names of Lieutenant
Nahum, wounded at Bunker Hill; Surgeon Elihu, of
Massachusetts ; Lieutenant Dudley and Lieutenant Ebe-
nezer, of Connecticut; Captain Robert and Lieutenant
Daniel, of New York ; Lieutenant Anthony of Pennsyl-
vania; Lieutenant Benjamin, of Maryland; Lieutenant
David, of North Carolina, and Captain John, of Geor-
gia. His son, Captain Benjamin, won laurels in the
war of 1812.

Dr. Thomas, of the Long Island family, one of the
most eminent surgeons of his day, although an old man
at the time of the Revolution, took part and died in
prison, his body being thrown into one of the trenches
in the rear of the present City Hall, New York, known
as the Graves of the Martyrs. His body was reinterred
in Trinity Cemetery. Dr. Thomas was an ardent patriot
and served on board the privateer Orayhound during
King George's war, 1744-1748.

Stephen Wright and his partner, Charles Brown,
built the first steamboat, the Clermont, for its inventor,
Robert Fulton, in 1807.

The artist of the Wright family is Joseph, who was
styled Wright of Derby, where he was born in 1734.
Thomas Wright, a hundred years or less later, the
antiquary, helped to found the British Archaeological

338 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Association. He was a great scholar. Edward Wright,
living in the seventeenth century, was a mathematician
of note.

The family also has its authors, poets, educators, re-
formers, missionaries, financiers and men of science,
as well as professional men.

Characteristics of the family are truth and honor.
"I would sooner accept the word of a Wright than to
believe most men on their oath." Rare executive ability,
a strong sense of justice, firmness, combined with cour-
tesy and affability, are other traits, to which may be
added patriotism, military ardor, and a self-sacrificing
spirit. Length of years have been rewards for upright
living, and the Wrights have numbered many cente-
narians in their ranks. It is recorded of one that when
an old man — in the neighborhood of ninety — he went
out one day to mow with the young men, but sat down
to weep when he found that he could not keep up with
the others.

The arms reproduced were granted June 20, 1509,
to the Wrights of Essex. Burke blazons them as fol-
lows : Azure, two bars argent ; in chief, three leopard's
heads, or.

Crest: Out of a ducal coronet, or, a dragon's head
proper. No motto is given with this coat-of-arms,
which can be claimed by descendants of Thomas of
Wethersfield.

Mottoes borne by some branches of the Wright family
are : Mens sibi, Conscia recti, and Fortiter et recte.

INDEX

A-Broke, 63.

Abrook, 63.

Achailus, King of Scotland, 236.

Adams, Abigail, 288.

Charles, 288.

John, 288.

Ruth, 91.
Addenbrooke, 68.
Ainsworths, The, 195.
Alden, John, 16.

Priscilla, 16.

Alfred the Great. Ill, 129.
Allcroft, 49.

Allen, Anne Willard, 155.
Allerton, Isaac, 284.
Allwright, 335.
Alrik. 231.
Amblers, The, 139.
Ames, Fisher, 132.

The, 132.

Andros, Governor, 194.
Anglesey, 111.
Arkwright, 335.
Armour, Isabella, 91.
Arundel, Earl of, 225.
Aschanaz (son of Noah's grand-
son), 247.
Ashcroft, 49.
Aspinwall family, 256.
Astor, John Jacob, 298.
Ate-Broc, 63.
Atkinson, Susanna, 64.
Atte-Broc, 63.
Attenbroke, 63.
Atherall, Hannah, 42.
Augharad (daughter o* Rhys,
Prince of Wales), 199.
Averills, The, 195.
Aylesford, Earls of, 161.
Baailly, 25.
Bachun, 16.
Bacon, Alice, 16, 50.

Arms, 17, 19.

Daniel, 18.

Edmund, 18.

Family, 13.

Jacob, 18.

John, 18.

John (Lieutenant), 18.

Jonathan, 16.

Lord, 15.

Mary, 16.

Michael, 18.

341

Bacon,

Nathaniel, 18, 192.

Nicholas (Sir), 15. 19.

Trimbald, 15.

William, 15, 19.
Bacun, 15, 16.
Bailey, Adams (Captain). 27.

Amos (Lieutenant), 27.

Ann, 27.

Arms, 23, 28.

Benjamin (Captain) 27.

Emily Cummlngs, 27.

Family, 21.

Gideon (Lieutenant), 27.

Hezeklah (Ensign), 27.

Hudson (Ensign), 27.

James, 26, 28.

John, 26.

John (Colonel), 27.

John (Lieutenant), 27.

Luther (Adjutant) 27.

Mountjoy (Captain), 27.

Nathaniel, 26.

Richard, 26, 28.

Samuel, 26.

Shubael, 27.

Thomas (Lieutenant)), ST.
Bailie, 25.
Balllet, 25.

Adrien, 25.
Balllie, 25.

Joanna, 26.

Matthew (Dr.), 29.

Robert, 26.
Ballly, 25.
Bally, 25.

Edward, 26.

Francis, 26.
Bajocls, 16.
Bal. Vice-Comes, 89.
Balai, 25.
Balches, The, 67.
Baldbrecht, 33.
Baldeflede, 33.
Baldemund, 33.
Balderick, 33.
Baldewine, 33.

Gulielmus, 35.

Wylliam, 35.
Baldewyn, John, 34.
Baldovino, 33.
Baldr, 33.
Baldred (King), 33.

342 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA.

Balduin, 33.
Balduino, 33.
Baldur. 33.
Baldwin, Abraham, 35.

Arms, 31. 35.

Caleb, 35.

Cornelius, 35.

Daniel (Lieutenant). SB.

Family, 29.

George, 35.

Isaac, 35.

John, 35.

John (Sir), 34.

Jonathan (Colonel), 85.

Joseph, 35.

Loaml (Major), 35.

Nathaniel, 35.

Richard, 34.

Roger Sherman, 35.

Samuel, 35.

Sarah, 34.

Silas (Dr.). 35.

Simeon, 35.

Sylvester, 34, 35.

Theophilus, 35.

Timothy, 35.
Bald wlners (Duke of Flanders),

33.

Baldwyn, Dr., 33.
Bale, 40.
Baliol. 40.
Ball, Alexander (Sir). 39.

Ailing, 40.

Anne, 90.

Arms, 41, 44.

Edward, 42.

Elizabeth, 43.

Family, 37.

Frances, 40.

Francis, 40.

Hannah. 40, 139.

John, 39, 43.

Jonathan. 43, 44.

Joseph (Colonel), 42.

Major. 39.

Martha, 40.

Mary, 40, 42. 90.

Mercy, 40.

Miriam. 40.

Peter (Sir), 39.

Thomas, 39.

William. 40.

William (Colonel). 42.
Balle. 40.
Balliol, 40.
Balten, 33.
Bancraft, 49.
Bancreaft, 49.
Bancroft, Aaron (Reverend), 51.

Arms, 47, 52.

Ebenezer, 50.

Bancroft,

Ebenezer (Capt.), 51.

Edmund (Lieut.), 51.

Edward, 51.

Family, 45.

George, 51.

Herbert Howe, 61.

James (Capt.), 61.

Lemuel (Lieut.), 51.

Jane, 50.

John, 50. 52.

James (Lieut.). 61.

Ralph, 50.

Richard, Archbishop, 49.

Samuel (Lieut), 51.

Thomas, 50.

Thomas (Lieut), 51.

William (Ensign), 51.
Bancrofts of London, 52.
Barclay, Andrew. 255.
Barker, Elizabeth, 328.
Barnet, Annis, 304.
Barren family. 305.
Baudoln, 33.
Baudouln, 33.
Baudri, 33.
Baul, 40.
Bawldwyn, Cecilye, 34

Lettys, 34.
Bayley, 25.
Baylors, The, 139.
Bealls, The, 67.
Bear, Savage, Esq., 265.
Belderyk, 33.

Bennett, The family, 267.
Berkeley, 82.

Governor, 19.
Beverleys, The, 91.
Beverston Castle, Lord of, 21S.
Bills, 317.
Bllson. 317.
Black Prince, 283.
Blackwell, Mary, 194.

Robert, 194.
Blackwells, The, 91.
Blanshan, Catherine, 106.
Bogert family, 256.
Boleyn, Anne, 34, 82.

Mary, 82.
Bonds. The, 304.
Boudewijn, 33.
Bowne, Hannah, 122.
Bradford Arms, 55, 60.

Batbsheba. 60.

Elisha, 60.

Family, 53.

Gamalial, 59.

Governor, 57, 60.

Henry (Lieutenant-Colonel
Sir), 60.

John, 60.

INDEX

343

Bradford,

John (Major), 59.

Samuel, 60.

Thomas (Gen. Sir), 59.

William, 57, 58, 59, 60.
Bradfourth, 57.
Dradfurth, 57.
Bradstreet, Colonial Governor,

313.

Brampton, Duchess of, 250.
Bretfoort, 57.

William, 58.
Brevoort, 297.

Brewster, William (Elder), 57.
Bright, John, 49.
Broc, 63.
Brocks, 63.
Brockx, 65.
Broeckx, 63.
Brok, John, Esq., 63.
Broke, 63.
Brokesmouth, 63.
Brook, 63.
Brooke, 63.

George, 67.

Henry, 67.

Mr., 63.

Ralph, 63.

Richard, 64.

Robert, 64, 66.

Taliaferro, 66.

Thomas, 64.

Thomas (Colonel and Gov-
ernor), 66.

Thomas (Major), 66.

Walter (Commodore), 66.
Brooker, 63.
Brookman, 63.
Brooks, Almarln (Sergeant), 66.

Ann, 64.

Annis Jacquith. 64.

Arms, 65, 67.

Caleb (Lieutenant), 66.

Charles, 64.

Charles Shirley, 66.

Charles Timothy, 67.

Daniel (Lieut.), 64.

David, 66.

Eleazer (Brigadier-Gener-
al), 66.

Family, 61.

Francis (Lieut), 66.

George, 66.

Gilbert, 64.

Henry, 64, 67.

James, 67.

John (Adjutant), 66.

John (Governor), 64, 66.

Maria Gowan, 67.

(New Jersey), 66.

Robert, 64.

Brooks,

Susanna, 64.

Thomas, 64.

Zachariah (Lieut), 66.
Brown, 77.

Abijah (Lieut), 75.

Alexander (Lieut), 75

Andrew (Major), 75.

Arms, 73, 75.

Benjamin (Ensign), 75.

Bezaleel (Lieut), 75.

Bryant (Sergeant), 75.

Caleb (Lieutenant), 75.

Chad, 74.

Charles (Lieut), 75.

Chloe, 186.

Christopher, 71, 74, 75.

Dorothy, 72.

Dr., 304.

Edmund (Rev.), 72, 74.

Elizabeth, 74, 304.

Family, 69.

George, 74.

Jacob (General), 75.

James, 72.

John, 72. 74, 75.

Josiah, 186

Mary, 72.

Pelig (Captain), 72.

Peter, 72.

Thomas, 72, 75.

William, 72, 74.
Browne, Anthony (Sir), 71, 74.

Thomas, 76.

Bruce, Robert (King), 259.
Brucks, 63.
Brucksch, 63.
Bruksch, 63.
Brun, 71.
Brundages, 210.
Bulkley, Viscount, 161.
Bullman, 215.
Bullock, 259.

Archibald, 259.

Martha, 259, 260.
Burdet, Anne, 91.

Richard, 91.
Burr, Aaron, 115.
Burt, Abigail, 40.
Burwell. Martha, 204.
Byrds, The, 91, 139.
Byron, 178, 228.
Cabot, Sebastian, 129.
Cadwalladers, The, 162.
Gardens, The, 92.
Carew, 81.

Walter, 81.
Carey, 81.

The John Descendants, 82.
Carleton, Guy (Sir), 227.
Carnegies, The, 43.

344 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Carter, John, 89.

The Family, 82, 89.
Cary Arms, 79, 83.

Elizabeth, 82.

Family, 77.

Henry, 83.

Henry (Lord Hunsdon), 82.

Henry (Viscount Falkland),
82.

Henry Francis, 83.

James, 83.

John, 81, 82.

Jonathan (Captain), 83.

Jonathan (Lieut.), 83.

Josiah (Ensign). 83.

Mehitable, 82.

Miles, 82.

Miles (Colonel), 81.

Myles, 81, 82, 83.

Myles (Colonel), 81.

Obed (Quartermaster), 83.

Robert (Sir), 84.

Samuel, 82.

Samuel (Lieutenant), 83.

Thomas (Sir), 82.

William. 81.

William (Sir), 82.

Wilson Myles (Colonel), 81.

Wm. (Sir), 82.
Carys of Devonshire, 81.
Chabot, 129.
Charlemagne, 236.
Chattan, 250.
Cheneys, The, 195.
Chlnns, The, 43.
Christian (sister of Bruc«), 260.

The family. 267.
Clarendon, Earl of, 194.
Conaway, 89.

Edwyn, 89.

Connaway, Edwin, 89.
Conqueror, The, 111.
Conrad. 248.
Conway, Anne, 90.

Arms, 87, 92.

Baron, 89.

Edward, 91.

Edward (Sir), 91.

Edwin, 89, 90, 91.

Edwin (Colonel), 90.

Eleanor Rose. 90.

Eltonhead, 90.

Family, 85.

Francis, 90.

Henry (General), 91.

James (Lieut.), 91.

John (Lieut-Colonel), 91.

John Moncure, 90.

Joseph (Lieut.), 91.

Lady. 89.

Lord, 89, 90.

Conway,

Moncure D., 91.

Nellie, 90.

The Lords, 91.

Thomas (Captain), 91.

Thomas (Dr.), 91.

Viscount, 89

William, 91.
Conwaye, 89.

Edward (Sir), 89.
Conways, The, 43, 89, 91, 92.
Conwy, 89.
Cooper, John, 192.
Cornelius, Mary, 210.
Courtlandt family, 256.
Cranmer, 60.
Crlswell, Susanna 259.
Criswells, The, 259.
Cromwell, 120.

Anne, 120.

Oliver, 120.

Thomas, 120.
Cue, Lydia, 154.
Cushman, 284.
Dacre, Lord, 71.

Margaret, 71.
Daniel, Margaret, 91.
Daniels. The, 51, 91.
Darbys, The, 195.
Darlings, The, 195.
D'Aubin, 266.
Daubin, 266.
Dearborn, General, 235.
De Balie, 40.
de Broc, 63.
de Caen, 97.

Walter. 97.

de Haulelgh, Walter, 169. 1TO.
de Horton, Robert. 177.
de Karl, Adam, 81.
de Karry, 81.

Adam, 81.

de Kay family. 312.
de Kenson. Walter, 9T.
de la Boe, 105.
de la Broc, 63.
de la Brok, 63.
de la Broke, Alice, 63.
de la Feld, 119.
Delafleld. 119.
de la Field, Huburtut, 119.
de la Hagh, 169.
de la Haye, 169.
de la Lomas, Eduardo, 187.
de la Villa Odorosa, Henrttta,

215.

d'Elboeuf, Lord, 111.
del Broke, 63.

William Daylo, 63.
de le Boe, Franciscus, 105.
del Felde, 119.

INDEX

345

de Lumhalghes, Ollverus, 187.
del Lumhalghes, Radus, 187.
del Lumhalghes, Ollverus, 187.
de Mannheim, 191.
de Manning, Ranulph (Count
Palatine), 191.

Rudolph (Count Palatine),

191.

Simon, 191.

de Medlcls, Cosmo, 187.
de Meriet, 207.

Harding, 207.
de Merloth, 207.
de Meryett, 207.
de Monte Alto, Eustace, 129.
de Montgomerle, Arnulpb, 226.

Roger, 225.
Dempseys, The, 195.
Denne, Capt., 59.
de Osgodby, Adam, 231.
De Peyster Arms, 256.

Johannes, 255, 256.

William, 255.
de Pomeroi, Godefory, 113.
Derby, Earl of, 283.
d« Tours, Martin, 199, 200.
Deweys, The, 51.
Deyo, Margaret, 106.
Diceys, The, 92.
Dlckenson, 97.

Benjamin (Lieut.), 98.

Henry, 98, 100.

John, 98, 100.

Walter, 98, 100.
Dickensonne, Anthoyne, 97.
Dickinson, 97,

Ann, 98.

Arms, 95, 99, 101.

Edmund (Capt.), 98.

Family, 93.

Hugh, 97.

Joel (Captain), 98.

John, 97, 98.

John (Brigadier-General),
98.

John (Brigadier-General

and Governor), 99.

Joseph, 98.

Joseph (Sergeant), 98.

Nathaniel, 98, 100.

Obadiah, 98, 99.

Peter (Captain), 98.

Philemon (Major-General),
98.

Samuel, 99.

Sylvanus (Lieut.), 98.

Thomas, 98.

Thomas (Mayor of Hull),

97.
Diconson, 98.

Dodge, Jeremiah, 297.

Margaret, 297.

Margaret Vanderbllt, 298.
Donty, Colonel, 27.
Drake, Francis (Sir), 243.

The Family, 243.
Drummond, 19.
Dubbin, 266.

Elizabeth. 265.
Dubois, Abraham, 106.

Arms, 103. 108

Barent, 107.

Cardinal, 105.

Christian, 105.

Cretien, 105.

David (Captain), 107.

Family, 101.

Geoffori (Knight), 105.

Gerrit, 107.

Gerritje, 107.

Guillaume, 108.

Henry (Lieut.), 107

Isaac, 106.

Jacques, 105, 106, 108.

James (Lieut), 107.

Jean Baptiste, 107.

John (Bishop), 107.

Lewis (Major), 107.

Louis, 105, 106, 108.

Macqualre, Count de Ron-
soy, 105.

Mary, 106.

Mr., 105.

Neeltje, 107.

Pierre, 105.
Dubos, 105.
Dubose, 105.

Isaac (Capt.), 107.
Dubossari, 105.
Dubost, 105.
Du Buysson, 105.
Dunwiddie. Major, 318.
Dunwoody, James (Dr.) 259

John, 259.

Dunwoodys, The, 259.
Duryeas family, 256.
Du Trieux, Mr., 309.

Philip, 309.

Susanna, 309.
Duxbury, The family, 60.
Dwight. Timothy, 115.
Dykenson, William, 97.
Dykensonne, Hugh, 97.
Dykonson, John, 97.
Eadward (Alfred the Great's

son), 111.
Eaton, Abigail, 50.
Edward I.. 91.
Edward (Alfred the Great's

son), 111.
The family. 111.

346 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Edwardes, 111.

Herbert (Sir), 111.
Edwards Arms, 113, 116.

Benjamin, 112.

Bryan, 112.

Daniel, 112.

Family, 109.

Hayden, 112, 116.

James (Captain), 112.

John (Senator), 112.

Jonathan, 114, 115.

(Lord Mayor of London),
112.

Mary. 115.

Ninian, 114.

Ninian (Chief Justice and
Governor), 114.

Richard, 112.

Sanford (Surgeon), 114.

Sarah, 115.

Timothy, 115.

Timothy (Chaplain), 112.

William, 112, 114. 116.
Egertons, The, 43.
Eglinton, Earl of, 228.

Earls of, 225.
Eldred, 248.

Eleanor of Provence, 260.
Elliott, John, 259.
Ellsworth, Annie, 156.
Elson, John, 335.

Margaret, 335.
Eltonhead Arms, 92.

Martha, 89.
Ely. Betsey, 156.

John (Colonel), 156.
Ethelred, 248.

Ethelred, King of England, 220.
Fabbroni, 282.
Fabri, 282.
Fabricii, 282.
Fairfax, Lord, 82.

The Family, 82.
Fauntleroys, The, 139.
Feeld, 119.
Feild, Katharine, 120.

William, 120.
Fellde, 119.
Ferric, Philip, 106.
Ferris, Mary, 210.
Feyld, 119.
Ffeild, 119.
Ffeld, 119.
Ffleld, 119.
Fflsher, John, 129.

Joshua, 129.

Vigilance, 129.
Ffox, 137.

D. (Captain), 139.
Ffreeman, 145.
Field Arms, 121, 123, 124.

Field.

Benjamin, 122.

Benjamin (Captain), 123.

Cyrus, 120.

David Dudley, 120.

Ebenezer (Lieut.), 123.

Eugene, 120.

Family, 117.

George, 120.

Henry (Lieut.), 123.

James (Capt.), 123.

John, 120.

John (Captain-Lieutenant),
123.

John (Sir), 120, 123.

Nathan, 120.

Nathaniel (Ensign), 123.

Reuben (Capt), 123.

Richard (Dr.), 120.

Robert, 122, 123.

Rosamond, 120.

Timothy (Capt.), 123.

William, 120.

Zachariah, 122, 124.
Fields, 119.
Filkin, 241.
Fisher, Anthony (Sir), 130.

Arms, 127, 132.

Daniel, 129.

Daniel (Capt), 130.

Family, 125.

Frederick (Colonel), 131.

George, 130.

Hendrlck (Lieut.), 131.

Isaac (Lieut), 131.

Jabez Maud, 130.

John, 130, 131.

John (Bishop), 130.

John (Lieutenant-Colonel),
131.

Jonathan (Reverend), 130,
131.

Joseph, 130.

Joshua, 130, 132.

Joshua (Lieut.), 130.

Josiah (Rev.), 131.

Lydla, 130.

Onesiphorus (Corporal), 130.

Samuel (Capt), 130, 131.

Thomas (Brigadier-Gener-
al), 131.

Fitzhughs, The, 91.
Fitz-Martin, Robert, 199.

Robert (Baron), 199.
Fleete, Sara, 90.
Forrester, Fanny, 235.
Forster, Susan, 64.

Thomas (Sir), 64.
Fosters, The, 51, 162.
Fox Arms, 135, 139.

Charles James, 137.

INDEX

347

Fox,

Daniel, 138.
David, 139.
David (Capt.), 148.
Ebenezer, 138.

Family, 133.

Gustavus, 139.

Henry (Lord Holland), 137.

Isaac, 138.

Jabez (Reverend), 138.

Jacob (Lieut), 138.

Jeremiah (Lieut.), 138.

John, 139.

John (Rev.), 138, 139.

Jonathan (Colonel), 138.

Joseph (Lieut.), 138.

Judith, 138.

Nathaniel (Capt.), 138.

Richard (Bishop), 137.

Robert Were, 138.

Stephen, 137.

Stephen (Earl of Ilchester),
138

Stephen' (Sir), 137, 138.

the martyrologlst, 138.

Thomas, 138.

Thomas (Lieut.), 138.
Foxall, 137.
Foxe, la/.

the martyrologlst, 138.
Foxell, 137.
Foxes, 137.
Foxhall. 137.
Foxlee, 137.
Foxley, 137.
Foxton, 137.
Franchome, 145.
Francis, Abigail, 208.
Franklin, Benjamin, 62.
Fraunchomme, 145.
Freeman Arms, 143, 147.

Bernardus (Rev.), 146.

Edmond, 145.

Edmund, 145, 147.

Edward, 145.

Enoch (Colonel), 147.

Family, 141.

Haskall (Lieut.). 146.

Henry, 147.

Isaac, 146.

Jeremiah (Lieut.), 146.

John (Major), 147.

Joshua, 146.

Nathaniel (Brigadier-Gener-
al), 146.

Samuel, 145, 146, 147.

Stephen, 146.

Thomas, 145.

Thomas (Lieut.), 146.
Fremond, 145.
Fremund, 145.

Frosts, The, 195, 266.
Fylde, 119.
Fysher, 129.
Fyshere, 129.
Galeius, Eimerus, 303.
Galgacus, 303.
Gannett, Benjamin, 60.
Gibsons, The, 266.
Giles, Elizabeth, 16.
Goddig, Lord of, 154.
Goddridge, 153.
Goderic, 153.
Goderich, 153.
Goderiche, 153.
Godericus, 153.
Godfrey, Elizabeth, 82.
Godricus, 153.
Godridge, 153.
Godrie, 153.
Godrig, Lord of, 154.
Gomer, 225.
Gomerlcus, 226.
Goodes, The, 218.
Goodhues, The, 67.
Goodman, Thomas, 43.
Goodmans, The, 43.
Goodrich, 153.

Chauncey, 155.

Chauncey (Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor, Mayor, Sena-
tor), 156.

David, 155.

Elizabeth Ely, 156.

Elizur, 155.

Ezekiel (Lieut.), 155.

John, 155.

John (Lieut.), 155.

Levl (Ensign), 155.

Ozias, 155.

Samuel (Lieut.), 155.

Samuel (Senator and Con-
sul), 156.

Silas (Lieut), 155.

Stephen (Lieut), 155.

Theodore (Major), 155.

William. 154.

William (Lieut), 155.
Goodriche, John, 154.
Goodrlches, 155, 156.
Goodrick, 153.

Thomas (Sir, Bishop), 154.
Goodricke, Thomas (Sir. Bish-
op), 154.
Goodrldge Arms, 151, 156.

Benjamin, 154.

Family, 149.

John, 156.

Margaret, 154.

Samuel, 154, 155.

William, 154, 156.
Goodrige, Walter, 156.

348 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Goodwrlght, 335.
Gowans, 282.
Gowens, The, 304.
Grant, Deliverance, 82.

General, 82.

Grantham, Thomas, 203.
Grants, The, 82.
Gray, 208.
Green, Bowen, 313.

Huldah, 313.
Grlffls, 161.
Griffith Arms, 159, 163.

Benjamin (Lieut), 163.

Charles (Lieut.), 163.

Charles Greenberry (Colo-
nel), 163.

David (Surgeon and Chap-
lain), 163.

Elizabeth, 161.

Family, 157.

John, 161.

John (Ensign), 163.

King of Wales, 161.

Lev! (Ensign), 163.

Philemon (Capt), 163.

Samuel (Capt.), 163.

William, 161, 162. 163.
Griffiths, 161.

Amos, 162.

Arms, 163, 164.

Dan, 162.

Evan, 162.

Griffith, 162.

John, 162.

Joseph, 162.

Levi, 162.

Ralph, 163.

Rebecca, 162.

The (Worcester, England),
163, 164.

Thomas (Mayor), 163.

William, 162, 163.
Griffltts, 161.
Griffyth, 161.
Grindal, Puritan Archbishop,

318.

Groesvelt, Bay, 255.
Gruffydd, 161.
Gull, Anna, 98.
Gutridge, Walter, 156.
Gutrig, 153.
Gutteridge, 153.
Gutterige, 153.
Guttridg, Samuel, 154.
Guttridge, 153.
Guttrige, 153.
Gytha, 251.
Halght, 210.
Hale, The family, 156.
Haley, 169.

Hall, Samuel, 266.

Hallcroft, 49.

Halley's, 186.

Halliways, The, 43.

Hamlin, Gils, 266.

Hampton, Wade (General), 195.

Hancock, Elizabeth, 16.

Harcope de Frolsbay, Isabella,

216.
Harrison's, President family,

114.

Harrisons, The, 114.
Hartshornes, The, 51.
Harwood, John, 219.
Hauleigh, 169.
Haulley, 169.
Hawkins, Eleanor, 83.
Hawks, 284.
Hawles, 169.
Hawley, 169.

Abraham, 171.

Arms, 167, 172.

Benjamin, 170.

David, 171.

Family, 165.

Francis (Lord Hawley),
172.

Francis (Sir and Baron
Hawley), 170.

Frederick, 170.

Gideon, 171.

Henry C. (Brigadier-G«ner-
al), 170.

James, 171.

Joseph, 171.

Joseph (Sir), 170.

Joseph Roswell (General),
171.

Nathan, 171.

Robert, 172.

Samuel, 171.

Susan, 1<4.

Thomas, 170, 171, 172.
Hawleys of County Hants, 172.
Haylea, 169.
Hearts, The, 92.
Heirs' Association, 115.
Henry I. of France, 147.
Henry III. of England, 260.
Heroie de St. Martins, Sir

George, 218.
Hertford, Marquis, 91.
Hickman family, 305.
Hinckley, Governor, 284.

Susannah, 284.
Hobarts, The, 67.
Hobson, Alice, 81.

Henry, 81.
Hoffman, 256.

Cornelia, 256.

INDEX

349

Hoker, 129.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell. 313.

The, 313.
Horten, 177.
Horton, Ambrose (Capt.), 178.

Arms, 175, 179.

Barnabas, 177, 178.

Beatrix (Lady), 178.

Benjamin, 177.

Deborah Ferry, 179.

Elisha (Ensign), 179.

Family, 173.

Israel (Lieut.), 179.

James (Capt.), 179.

Jason, 179.

Jeremiah, 178.

Jeremy, 177.

John (Major), 179.

Jonathan, 178.

Jonathan (Surgeon), 178.

Joseph, 177, 178.

Joseph (Capt.), 178.

Jotham (Lieut.), 179.

Nathan (Colonel), 178.

Robert (Sir), 178.

Thomas, 178.

Thomas (Capt.), 178.

William, 177.

William (Lieut), 179.
Hortoun, 177.
Hortun, 177.
Howards, The, 44. 67.
Howell, The, 162.
Howland, John, 72.

Mary, 72.

Hull, John, 273, 274.
Hun, Cathalina, 312.

family, 312.
Hunter, Dorothea, 26.

John, 26.

William, 26.
Huntington, General, 219.
Hyatts, 210.
Isbells. The, 139.
Ives, The, 51.
Janse, Anneka, 312.
Japhet, 225.
Jarvises, The, 139.
John, King of England, 147.
Johns, Griffith, 162.
Johnson, Widow, 42.
Jones, The, 43.

Thomas, 275.

Willie, 275.
Juno, 247.
Jupiter, 247.
Karl, 81.
Karie, 81.
Karry, 81.

Katherine, Princess, daughter of
Lord Rye, 162.

Kay, Godfrey, 120.

Sir, 120.

Kelly, Elizabeth, 226.
Kensington, 111.

Baron. 116.

Kimball, The family, 156.
King, The family, 267.
Kirbys, The, 266.
Knapps, The, 266.
Kunst, Heyltje Jakeyntje, 260.
Lafayette, 1&5
Lake, Bibye (Sir), 161.

Mary, 161.
Lamb, 195.

Lambert, Margaret, 97.
Lamos, 185.
Lane, Elizabeth, 227.

Jesse. 227.

The family, 226.
Langelier, 129.
Lathrop, Captain, 211.
Laurens, John, 196.
Lea, Anna, 212.
Lee, 43.

The Family, 82.
Lees, The, 43.
Lefevres, 282.
le Fox, 137.
Le Fremans, 145.
Le Sauvage, 265.
Leslies, The, 139.
Lewis, 139.

family, 305.

Fielding, 27.

Fielding (Colonel), 138.

John, 226.

John (Major), 226.

Thomas, 226.

William (Colonel), 226.
le Wricte, 335.
le Wryght, 335.
le Wrytte, 335.
Lincoln, Mrs. Abraham, 114,

298.
Livingston, Chancellor, 227, 318.

Janet, 227.

Lleyellyn, King of Wales, 161.
Locke, Frances Sargent, 235.
Lockharts, The, 195.
Loma. 187.
Lomaks, 186.
Lomas, 187.

Edward, 185, 186.

family, 187.

John, 188.

Joseph, 188.
Lomatz, 187.

Lawrens, 188.
Lomax, 187.

Joshua, 188.

Lawrent, 188.

350 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Lomazzi, 187.
Lomazzo, 187.
Lomis, 185.
Lommas, 187.
Lommatseh, 187.
Lommes, 187.
Lomys, 185.
Loomas, 185.
Loomaz, 185.
Loomes, 185.
Loomis, 187.

Arms, 183, 188.

Arpbazed, 186.

Benaiab, 186.

Benjamin, 186.

Dwight, 186.

Elias, 186.

Family, 181.

Gustavus, 186.

Harvey Worthington, 186.

James (Mayor and Sena-
tor), 186.

John (Deacon), 185.

Jonathan, 186.

Joseph, 185, 186, 188.

Osbert, 186.
Looms, 185.

Loomys, John (Deacon), 185.
Louis VIII. of Prance, 147.
Lumalg, 187.
Lumalgs, 187.
Lumax, 185.

James (Lieutenant-Gener-

al), 186.

Lumhalghes, 187.
Lummis, 185.
Lummus, 186.
Macedon, 220.
Macon, Nathaniel (Senator),

275.
Madison, Ambrose, 90.

James (Colonel), 90.

James (President), 90.

Nellie Conway, 91.
Mallory, Silence, 171.
Mannering, Stephen, 192.
Mannin, 191.
Manning, Andrew, 194.

Arms, 193, 196.

Benjamin, 194.

Daniel, 194.

David, 194.

Diah, 194.

Dorothy, 192.

Elgida, 191.

Ephraim (Capt.), 195.

Family, 189.

George, 191.

Governor, 195.

Henry K., 194.

Hezekian, 195.

Manning,

James, 194, 195.

Jeffrey, 192.

John, 191, 192.

John (Capt.), 194.

John Lawrence, 195.

Lawrence (Lieutenant), 195.

Nicholas. 192.

Owen, 195.

Richard Irvine, 195.

Robert. 195.

Samuel, 192, 194.

Susannah, 192.

Thomas, 191, 192. 194. 195.

William, 191, 192, 196.
Mannyng, 191.
Mannheim, Rudolph of, 191.
Mansfield, Elizabeth, 318.

John (Sir), 318.
Maria del Occidente, 67.
Marrete, 207.
Marrit, Thomas, 208.
Marshall, Chief Justice, 67.

Judith. 67.
Martain, 202.
Marteen, 202.
Marten, 202.
Martian, Elizabeth, 252.

Nicholas (Capt), 252.
Martin, Abraham, 202.

Arms, 201, 204.

Baron of Darlington, 199.

Colonel, 204.

Ebenezer, 203.

Family, 197.

George, 203.

George (Capt.), 203.

Isaac, 202.

John, 202, 203.

John (Colonel), 204.

John F., 260.

Manasseh, 203.

Michael, 204.

Nicholas (Fifth Lord of
Cemmaes), 200.

Oliver, 199.

Richard, 202. 203.

Robert, 202.

Samuel, 202.

Simeon (Capt), 203.

St., 200, 202.

William, 204.

William (a lord of Cem-
maes), 199.

William (Baron of Kemeys
and Lord of Combe-
Martin), 199.

William, Second Baron of

Darlington, 199.
Martine, 202.
Martins, 27.

INDEX

351

Marttin, 202.

Martyn, 202, 204.

Mason, John (Captain), 35.

Priscilla, 35.

May, Dorothea or Dorothy, 58.
Meret, 207.
Merlet, Thomas, 207.
Merit, Amen, Queen, 207.
Meritt, 207.

Merret, Christopher, 208.
Merrett, 207, 212.

Charles, 211.

Christopher, 212.

John, 211, 212.

Margaret, 212.
Merriat, 207.
"Merriot," John, 211.
Merrit, 207.
Merrit, John, 211.
Merrits, The, 211.
Merritt, 207.

Amos (Corporal), 211.

Arms, 209, 212.

Darius, 210.

Edwin, 211, 212.

Ephraim, 208.

Ezekiel, 208.

Family, 205.

Glorianna, 208.

Henry, 208, 211, 212.

James, 208.

Jesse, 210.

John, 208, 210, 211.

Joseph, 208, 210, 211.

Nathaniel, 210.

Samuel, 208, 210, 211.

Sylvanus (Drummer), 211.

Thomas, 208, 210, 211.

Timothy, 212.

William, 210.
Merryett, 207.
Merryt, 207.
Metcalf, Elizabeth, 50.
Milford, The Barons, 243.
Miller, Isabella, 304.
Miner, 215.

Alonzo Ames, 219.

Arms, 217, 219.

Asa (Deacon), 218.

Charles, 219.

Clement, 218, 219.

Edwin, 219.

Ephraim, 218.

Ephraim (Deacon), 218.

Family, 213.

Henreta, 215.

Henry, 215, 218, 219.

John, 216.

Lodovich. 218.

Manasseh, 216.

Manasseb (Deacon), 218.

Miner,

Mr., 215.

Myrtilla, 219.

Nathaniel, 216.

Orodas, 218.

Seth, 219.

Sidney, 218.

Simeon, 218.

Thomas, 218, 219.

Thomas (Deacon), 218.

Thomas (Lieut.), 216, 218.

William, 215, 216, 218.
Mingael, Thomas Jans, 310.
Minor, 215, 218.

Thomas (Lieut), 216.
Mlnord, 216.
Mongonbyrry, 225.
Montacuto, Drogo de, 42.
Montague, 42.

Viscount (First), 71.

Viscounts, 71.
Montagues, The, 266.
Montgomere, 225.
Montgomerie, 225.

Walter (First Earl of Eg-

linton), 226.

Montgomeries, The, 226.
Montgomery, 225.

Alexander, 228.

Anne, 226.

Arms, 223, 228.

Family, 221.

George, 228.

Hugh, 228.

Hugh (Lieutenant), 227.

James, 228.

James (Lieutenant), 227.

John, 227.

John (Colonel), 227.

John (Mayor), 227.

John Berrien, 228.

Joseph, 226, 227.

Joseph (Chaplain), 227.

Michael (Lieutenant), 227.

Nathaniel (Lieut), 227.

Richard (General), 227.

Samuel (Ensign), 227.

Thomas, 227.

William, 226, 227.

William (Ensign), 227.

William (Rev.), 226.
Montgommeri, 225.
Morses, The, 304.
Mumdegrumbie, 225.
Musgrave, Elizabeth, 43.

Michael, 43.
Myner, 216.
Mynor, 216.
Mynords, The, 219.
Mynors, The, 219.
Myrreat. 207.

352 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Napoleon, 195.
Neptune, 247.
Nevilles, The. 91.
Nichols, The, 51.
Noah, 220, 247, 281.
Norrls, Isaac, 99.

Mary, 99, 163.
North, Christopher, 321.
Nottingham, Earl of. 89.
Noyes, Mary, 16.
Oakes, 27.

Urlan (Rev.), 192.
O'Bryam, Josellna, 216.
Ollyver, Magdalene, 327, 328.
Osban, Abigail, 138.
Osbert, 231.
Osborn, Abigail, 142.
Osborne, 231.
Osburn, 231.
Osegod. 231.
Osegood, Robertas. 231.
Osglth, 231.
Osgod, 231.

Clapa. 231.
Osgood, 231.

Arms, 233, 236.

Benjamin, 234.

Christopher, 232.

De Witt Clinton, 234.

Dorcas, 235.

Family, 229.

Helen, 235.

John, 232, 234. 235.

John (Captain), 234.

John (Colonel), 234.

Kate Putnam, 235.

Kendall (Dr.), 235.

Margaret, 232.

Martha, 235.

Peter (Captain), 234.

Samuel, 234.

Thaddeus, 235.

Thomas, 234.

William, 232.
Osgoode, 231.
Osgoods, 231.
Osgot. 231.
Osland, 231.
Osmore, 231.
Osmuna. 231.
Osnlo, 231.
Ossgood, 231.

Christopher, 232.
Ostgood, 231.
Ostrander, 231.
Ostrnm, 231.
Osulf, 231.
Oswald, 231.
Oswens, 231.
Oswln, 231.
Oswlns, 231.

Oswulf, 231.

Oswy, King of Northumbrla.

231.

Osyth, 231.

Owen ap Robert Owen, 161.
Page, The, family, 82.
Palmer, Grace, 216.

Walter, 216.
Parkers, The, 51.
Parley, Peter, 159.
Payson, Rev. Edward, 242.
Peabody, George, 235.

The family, 156.
Pelham, Eleanor, 327.
Percheurs, 129.
Peverell, Maud, 199.
Phelp, 241.
Phelps, 241.

Noah (Sergeant), 243.
Phllcox, 241.
Philip, 241.

Philip III. of France, 147.
Philinpo, 241
Philipps, John (Sir), 243.
Philips, 243.

Ambrose, 242.

John (Sir), 243.

Noah (Sergeant), 243.

The, 241.
Phllipson, 241.
Phillippo, 241.
Phillipps, The, 242.
Phillips, 241, 242.

Andrew. 242.

Arms, 239, 243.

Christopher, 242.

Ebenezer, 242.

Elizabeth, 242.

Family, 237.

George (Rev.), 242, 243.

James, 242.

James (Ensign), 243.

Jeremiah, 242.

John, 242, 243, 313.

John (Ensign), 243.

Jonathan (Lieut.), 243.

Joseph (Colonel), 243.

Margaret Wendell, 313.

Michael. 242.

Richard, 242.

Samuel (Captain), 243.

Samuel (Ensign), 243.

Samuel, Jr., 243.

Samuel (Rev.), 242.

Thomas, 242.

Thomas (Lieutenant), 243.

Walter. 242.

Wendell, 243, 313.

William, 313.

William (Captain), 243.

Zerobabel, 242.

INDEX

353

Phillipse, 241.
Phillot, 241.
Philopoe, 241.
Phipp, 241.
Phylyppe, 241.

Francis, 242.
Pierpont, Sarah, 114.
Poissonier, 129.
Poor, Enoch (General), 235.
Popes, The, 114.
Porter, The family, 156.
Porters, The, 67.
Portsmouth, Duchess of, 138.
Pphillips, 241.
Proctor, Elizabeth, 83.
Provost family, 256.
Purdys, 210.
Putnam, General, 210.
Quincy, Edmund, 313.

Elizabeth, 313.

Dorothy, 313.
Raad, 248.
Rad, 248.
Rada, 248.
Raid, 248.
Randolph family, 305.

Mrs. Mary, 67.
Read, 248.

Arms, 249, 252.

Bartholomew, 250.

Colonel, 250.

Family, 245.

General, 251.

George, 250, 252.

George (Captain), 250.

Hollis, 251.

James (Brigadier-General),
250.

John (Colonel), 252.

Joseph, 251.

Peter, 250.

Thomas (Sir), 250.

William, 250, 251.
Reade, 248.

George, 251.
Readeugh, 250.
Red, 248.
Reda, i.48.
Rede, 248.
Redha, 247, 248.
Redlngton, Mary, 154.
Reed, 248.

George (Captain), 250.

John (Rev.), 251.

Mary, 18.

Mr., 251, 252.

Reginald (Sir). 248.

Robert, 248.

Thomas, 18.
Reede, 248.

Reedha, 248.
Reeds, 251.

The, 132.
Reid, 248.

General, 248.
Reideuch. 250.
Reids, 251.
Reynolds, The, 139.
Richardson, 67.

Mary, 16.

Richmond, Duke of, 138.
Ride, 248.
Ridley, 60.
Ried, 248.
Riggs, Henry, 43.

Martha, 43.

Ogle, 43.

The, 43.

Robin of Redesdale, 248.
Roderick, King, 111.
Rogers, John, 211.

The, 139.
Romney, Julia, 42.
Roosa family, 256.
Roosenveldt, 255.
Roosevelt, 255, 260.

Arms, 257, 260.

Bay, 255.

Cornelius Van Schaack,
258.

Family, 253.

Helena, 255.

Isaac, 256.

Jacobus, 255.

James, 256.

John (Captain), 255. 256,
258

Margreta, 255.

Mr., 260.

Nicholas (Lieutenant), 258.

President, 258, 259, 260.

Theodore, 258, 259.

Theodore (President), 256.
Roosvelt, 255.
Rosavelt, 255.
Rosawelt, 255.
Rosendahl, 255.
Rosenveldt, 255.
Rosenvelt, 255.
Roseveldt, 255.
Rosevelt, 255.
Rumford, Count, 304.
Rupert, Anna, 139.
Rutgers family, 266.
Rhea, 247.
Rheade, 248.
Rheadus, 248.
Rhedarium, 248.
Rbedariums, The, 248.

354 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Rhyt ap Tudor Mawr, ap Grif-
fith, Prince of South
Wales. 161.

Prince of Wales, 199.
Rydderch ap Kydlron, 162.
Rys ap Griffith, Lord, 162.

ap Rydderch, 162.

Lord. 164.

Lord, Prince of South
Wales, 162.

Prince, 162.

Salisbury. Earl of, 153.
Sampson, Deborah, 60.
Sanedg, 266.
Sanford, Penelope, 114.
Sanidg, 266.
Saturn, 247.
Sauage, 266.
Sauedg, Elizabeth, 266.
Sauvage. 266.
SaTadge, 266.
Savage, 265, 266.

Abijah (Capt), 267.

Arms, 263, 267.

Ebenezer, 267.

Elizabeth, 266.

Family, 261.

Gideon (Corporal), 267.

Kiel, 267.

James, 267.

John, 265, 266, 267.

John (Lieutenant), 267.

Joseph, 267.

Lord, 265.

Nathan, 267.

Nathanill, 266.

Solomon, 265.

Thomas (Major), 265, 267.

William, 266.

Savages, The, of the Ards, 265.
Savidg, Jno. (Sergeant), 266.
Savidge, 266.
Savige, 266.

Saye and Sele, Lord, 172.
Schmiths, 282.
Schmitts, 282.
Schmitzes, 282.
Schuyler family, 312.

Jaabus Davidtse, 312.
Scott family. 305.
Sears, The family, 147.
Seawall, 273.
Seawell, 273.

Gideon, 275.

Henry (Judge), 275.

James, 275.

Joseph. 275.

Martha. 275.

Molly Elliot, 276.
Seton, Christopher (Sir), 260.
Sewale, 273.

Sewall, 273.

Arms, 271. 276.

Family, 269.

Henry, 273.

Henry (Major), 276.

Jonathan Mitchell, 276, 276.

Joseph, 274

Samuel, 273, 274.

Samuel (Rev.), 276.

Stephen, 274.

Stephen (Chief Justice),

275.

Sewayll, 273.
Sewel, 273.

William, 276
Sewell, 273, 276.

Jonathan, 274.

Joseph, 274.

Samuel (Judge), 274.
Sewells, The. 274.
Sewill, 273.
Sharp, Walter, 265.
Sharps, The, 162.
Shem, 281.
Shemit, 281.
Sherman, Rebecca, 35.
Shmlt, 281.

Shrewsbury, Earl of, 225.
Shropshire, Lord of, 250.
Shurtleff, Robert, 60.
Smart, Isabella, 265.
Smeeth, 282.
Smlds, 282.
Smidths, 282.
Smight, 282.
Smijth, John, 283.

The family, 283.

Thomas (Sir), 283.
Smijthe, 282.
Smijtt, The family, 283.
Smit, 281.
Smith, 281, 282.

Arms, 279, 285, 289, 290.

Asael, 288.

Benjamin (Governor), 288.

Cotton Mather (Rev.), 287,
288.

David (Major), 287.

Edward, 284.

Family, 277.

George (Sir), 288.

Israel (Captain), 287.

James, 288.

James (Governor), 288.

Jane, 284.

John, 284, 288.

John (Mayor of Newcas-
tle), 284, 289.

John (Rev.). 284.

Joseph (Colonel), 289.

Margaret Stephens, 288.

INDEX

355

Smith,

Mathew, 284.

Nehemiah, 284, 289.

of Eardiston, 290.

Robert, 289.

Robert (Captain), 287.

Samuel, 284.

Samuel (Colonel), 287.

Samuel (Lieut.), 287.

Samuel Francis, 289.

Sarah, 288.

Silvanus (Lieutenant), 287.

Simeon (Major), 287.

Thomas (Governor), 288,
289.

Thomas (Judge), 284.

Thomas (Sir), 287.

William, 284.

William (Bishop), 284.

William (Captain), 287.

William (Governor), 288.

William (Right Reverend),
283.

William Stephens (Colo-
nel), 288.
Smithe, 282.
Smithes, 282.
Smithyes, 282.
Smits, 282.

Smyth, Frederick, 287.
Smythe, 282.

John, 289.

Somerset, Duke of, 82.
Southworth, Alice Carpenter, 68.
Sowell, 273.
Spanns, The, 91.
Stanards, The, 91.
Standish line, 82.

Miles, 59, 82.
Stebbins, Martha Ball, 40.

The, 139.

Stewart Family, 179.
Stickney, The family, 156.
Stone, Thomas, 91.
Stones, The, 139.
Stowe, Mrs. 219.
Stuart, Gilbert, 43.

Robert, 236.
Sussex, Earl of, 71.
Suwall, 273.
Suwell, 273.
Suwold, 273.
Sylvius, 105.

Franciscus, 105.

Jacobus, 105.
Tarbells, The, 51.
Taylor, Frances, 90.

James, 90.

The family, 90.
Taylors, 27.
Ten Broeck family, 312.

Thacker, Edwin (Colonel), 90.

Henry, 90.
Thackers, The, 90.
Thealls, 210.
Thirlwell, Philip, 241.
Thomas, Evan, 162.

Gwen, 162.

Jannetje Samuels, 255.
Thompson, Elizabeth, 90.

Martha, 90.
Thornton, Hannah, 304.

Mathew, 304.
Till, 317.
Tillot, 317.
Tilson, 317.
Tioyne, Elizabeth, 64.
Tod, 295.

Eben, 298.
Todcastle, 295.
Todd, Adam, 296, 297.

Amos, 295.

Arms, 293, 298

Charles, 298.

Christopher, 296, 298.

David, 296.

David (Governor), 298.

Eben, 298.

Elliott D'Arcy, 296.

Family, 291.

George (Lieutenant-Colo-
nel), 298.

Grace, 296.

Henry John, 295.

James, 296.

James Henthorn, 295.

John, 296, 298.

John (Colonel), 298.

Lev! (Lieutenant), 298.

Margaret, 296.

Mary Evans, 296.

Mrs., 297.

Robert, 298.

Robert Bentley, 295.

Sarah, 296, 297, 298.

Susannah, 296.

Thomas, 298.

Timothy (Surgeon), 298.

William, 296, 298.
Todds (Connecticut), 298.
Todenham, 295.
Todhunter, Isaac, 296.
Todlebru, 295.
Todman, 295.
Todt, 295.
Todte, 295.

Torrey, Martha Strickland, 267.
Tracy, Dorathe, 89.

John (Sir), 89.
Trahairn Goch, 161.
Treat, Governor Robert, 171.
Trevon of Trevalyn, 161.

356 COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMERICA

Trotter, Jane, 202.
Trotters, 27.
Truax, 309.
Tudor Trevor, 111.
Tyng, Colonel, 142.
Underbills, 210.
Val, 137.
Vallance, 303.
Van Ness family, 312.
Van Rosenvelt, Claes Martenzen,
255.

Klaas, 255.
Van Roseveldt, 255.
Van Vechten family, 312.
Varlck family, 256.
Vaux, 137.
Verree, Philip, 106.
Vinlng, Mary, 131.
Visscher, Ariaantje Harmense,

310.
Vosburg, Abraham Pleter, 310.

Maritje Abrahamse, 310.
Wada, 248.

Wadsworth, Nathaniel, 40.
Wainwright, 335.
Walace, 303.
Walals, 303.
Walays, Henry, 303.

Richard, 303.
Walcott, Governor. 156.
Waldos. The, 51.
Walense, 303.

Richard, 303.
Waless, 303.
Waleys, 303.
Wallss, 303.
Wallace, Adam (Lieut), 305.

Andrew (Captain), 305.

Arms, 301, 305.

David (Governor), 305.

Family, 299.

Gustavus (Lieut), 305.

Henry (Lieut.). 305.

James, 304.

James (Captain), 305.

James (Ensign), 305.

James (Rev.), 303.

James (Surgeon), 305.

John, 304.

John (Ensign), 306.

Lew, 305.

Lewis, 305.

Malcolm (Sir), 303.

Michael (Dr.), 303. 304.

Michael (Surgeon), 305.

William. 303, 304.

William (Sir), 303.

William H., 305.

William Ross, 305.
Wallaces (Ellerslie, Virginia),
305.

(Pennsylvania), 304, 305.
Wallalse, 303.
Wallas, 303.
Walleyes, 303.
Wallis, 303.
Wallys, 303
Ward, William, 266.
Warren, Mercy, 59.

Richard, 59. 251.

Sarah, 251.

Warwick, Earl of, 248.
Washington, 196, 227.

Augustine, 42.

George, 42, 43, 90, 139,
247, 251.

John, 42.

John (Colonel), 192.

Mary, 43.

Mme., 192.

Mr.= . Martha, 43.
Webster, Frances Julia 156

Noah, 156.

Thomas (Sir), 73.
Websters, The, 51.
Welden, Robert (Capt), 242.
Welstead, The family. 267
Wendal, 309.

Wendel, Evert Jansen, 309.
Wendell, Abraham, 310. 312,
313.

Ariaantje, 310.

Arms, 311, 313.

Catalyntje, 312.

Catharine, 310.

Dlewertje, 310.

Elizabeth, 310.

Elsje. 310.

Evert, 310.

Evert Jansen, 309, 310, 312,
313, 314.

Family, 307.

Harmanus, 312.

Hleronymus, 310.

Jacob (Adjutant), 313.

Jacob (Colonel), 312, 313.

Jeronimus, 310.

Johannes, 310.

Johannes (Captain), 310.

John, 313.

John (Captain), 313.

Margaret, 313.

Marie, 310.

Philip, 310.

Susanna, 310.

Thomas, 310.
Wendells (New England), 312.

(New York), 312.
Wendslow, 327.
Wheelers, The, 139.
Whetten, Mrs. Margaret, 297.

INDEX

357

White, Mr., 328.

Nathaniel (Captain), 266.

Peregrine, 328.

Susanna Fuller, 328.

The family, 283.

Widow, 327.
Whitney, Mary, 18.
Whitneys, The Ell, 114.
Whrede, 248.
\Vickens, 317.
Wickeson, 317.
Wilkins, 317.
Wilkinson, 317.
Wilks, 317.
Willet, 317.

Willett, Thomas (Mayor), 72.
"William I., Emperor, 51.
William the Conqueror, 225.
Williams, 317.

Richard, 163.
Williamsons, The, 817.
Wills, 317.
Willson, 317.

Gowen, 818.

Mary, 81.

Wm. (Colonel), 81.
Willy, 317.
Wilson, Albert, 322.

Arms, 319, 322.

Calantha Jane. 322.

Family, 315.

Gawln, 318.

George, 321.

Goln, 318.

Gowen, 318.

Gowin, 318.

Hannah, 321.

James, 317, 320.

John, 317, 318, 321.

John (Rev.), 318, 322.

Joseph (Sergeant), 321.

Mary Alberteen, 322.

Robert (Dr.), 320, 322.

Roger, 318.

Samuel, 318.

Sophila Annette, 322.

Thomas, 318.

William, 318, 321.

William (Dr.), 318.

William (Rev. Canon), 818.
Wilsons (New York), 322.

(Wellsbourne), 322.
Winneslaw, 327.
Winselowe, Thomas, Esq., 327.
Wlnslow Arms, 325, 329.

Edward, 327, 328, 329.

Edward (Governor), 64,
329

Edward (Major), 329.

Elizabeth, 64.

Family, 323.

Governor, 328.

Hannah, 329.

Isaac, 329.

John, 329.

John Aucrum (Admiral),

329
John H.j 329.

John J. Maas (Major), 329.

Josiah (Governor), 328.

Kenelm, 328, 329.

Nathaniel (Capt.), 329.

Rachel, 329.

Shudruch (Captain and

Surgeon), 329.
Winslowe, 327.
Winthrop, Governor, 147.

John, 216.
Wood, Mary, 18.
Wrade, 247, 248.
Wrede, 247, 248.
Wright, Anthony, 336.

Anthony (Lieut.), 837.
Arms, 333, 338.
Benjamin, 335, 336.
Benjamin (Capt), 337.
Benjamin (Lieut.), 337
Daniel (Lieut.), 337.
David (Lieut.), 337.
Dudley (Lieut.), 337.
Ebenezer (Lieut), 337.
Edward, 338.
Elihu (Surgeon), 337.
Family, 331.
Ireland, 335.

James (Governor, Sir), 336.
John (Captain), 337.
John (Lord of Kelvedon

Manor), 335.
Joseph (Governor), 336.
Joseph (Wright of Derby),

337

Nahum '(Lieut), 337.
Nathaniel, 336.
Nicholas, 336.
Peter, 336.
Priscllla, 335.
Richard, 336.
Robert, 335.
Robert (Captain), 837.
Robert (Governor), 336.
Samuel, 336.
Samuel Turbutt (Major),

337.
Silas (Governor and U. S.

Senator), 336.
Stephen, 337.

Thomas, 335, 336, 337, 338.
Thomas (Colonel), 387.
Thomas (Dr.), 337.
Thomas Hynson, 836.

358

Wright, Wylle, 317.

William. 835. Wyman, Benjamin, 19.

William (Governor and Wyncelowe, 327.

Senator), 336. Wynselowe, 327.

Wrlghte, 335. Wynslaire, 327.

Wrights (Long Island), 836. Wynslo, 327.

Wrlghtson, 335. Wynsloe, 327.

Wrlghtworth, 335. York, Duke of, 184.

Wryde, 336. Youngs, The, 43.

COLONIAL FAMILIES OF AMEKICA

BY FRANCES M. SMITH

Seven volumes, 12mo., cloth.; each volume illustrated
by a frontispiece and forty or more Coats-of-Arms.

Each volume contains historical sketches of forty
American families, each sketch illustrated by at least
one Coat-of Arms, and occasionally by two. The main
points covered in these family sketches are: (1) the
origin of the family surname; (2) some account of the
early history of the family in Europe; (3) the different
American families of the same name, with accounts of
the immigrant-founders and of some of their descend-
ants; (4) members of the family who have figured
prominently in Colonial times; (5) Kevolutionary sol-
diers; and (6) Coats-of-Arms.

Since the two hundred and eighty families treated
in this series of seven volumes bear names which are
widespread (for example, the sixty "common names of
the world," as enumerated by Lower, are all included in
the list), there are few Americans of Colonial stock who
will not discover, as they trace out their lines of de-
scent, that at least ten or twenty of their ancestral fam-
ilies have been included in these books.

The volumes are sold singly or in sets. Price, per
volume, $2.00; carriage, 10 cents. Price, per set of
seven volumes, $10; carriage, 70 cents. The sketch of
each family, printed by itself, with Coat-of-Arms, and
bound in paper cover, $1.00; two copies, $1.50; three
copies, $2.00; five copies, $3.00; ten copies, $5.00;
twenty-five copies, $10.00.

Any purchaser of the sketch of a single family for
$1.00 may purchase the volume containing this sketch
by the payment of $1.00 additional, plus the cost of car-
riage; or may purchase the set for $9.00, plus the cost
of carriage.

The families treated in the several volumes of the
series will be found listed on the next page.

Colonial Families of America

An alphabetical list of the families follows, the Roman numeral after
name designating the volume in which the family sketch appears.

Abell v

Clendenin ill

Hall iv

Marsh vi

Roosevelt 1

Adams 11

Cole iv

Hamer V

Marshall iv

Ross IT

Alexander 111

Conway i

Hamilton v

Martin 1

Russell v

Allen vii

Cooke ill

Hamlin v

Mason vii

Ryan vl

Anderson ii

Cooper ii

Hammond iv

Maxwell iii

Saunders iii

Andrews vii

Courtenay iv

Harris iv

McAllister vi

Savage i

Anthony vii

Cox iv

Hart Iii

McCormick v

Scott v

Austin vl

Crane vl

Hatch ii

McDonald iv

Sewall 1

Bacon i

Cunningham vii

Hawley 1

Meade vi

Shannon Iv

Bailey i

Cumming vii

Hayes ii

Merritt 1

Sharp iii

Baker vii

Curtis vi

Heiskell Iv

Merryman v

Shaw vi

Baldwin 1

Cushman iii

Henderson iv

Miner i

Sherman vil

Ball i

Daniel H

Hill iii

Mitchell v

Simpson vl

Ballou 11

Davles vii

Holmes iii

Montgomery i

Sinclair 11

Bancroft 1

Davis iii

Hopkins vii

Moore vii

Smith i

Barker iii

Dickinson i

Horton i

More iv

Sprague vl

Barnes v

Digges v

Hoskins iv

Morgan il

Staples v

Barrington ill

Douglas vi

Howe iii

Morris v

Stark iv

Bartholomew vii Downing iii

Hoyt vi

Morrison iv

Stevens ill

Barton iv

Drake vii

Hubbard 11

Morse v

St. John 111

Bass iv

Draper ii

Hughes vii

Morton vii

Stone vil

Bassett v

Dubois i

Hull v

Moultrie v

Tait vii

Bates iv

Dudley vl

Hume v

Neale ii

Taylor ii

Beardsley ill

Eaton ill

Humphrey vii

Neville ii

Thomas ill

Belcher vii

Edwards 1

Hunt vl

Newhouse v

Thompson IT

Bennett v

Eliot ii

Ives IV

Newport v

Tilton v

Benton vii

Ely vii

Jackson iv

Oakes v

Todd 1

Bernard vi

Evans vii

James vii

Odell vl

Tompkins ill

Bird iv

Fairbanks il

Jenkins lit

Osborne ill

Tracy ii

Blake IV

Pay V

Jennings ii

Osgood 1

Turner vl

Bliss vi

Field i

Jessup vl

Page ii

Tuttle iv

Boone vii

Fisher 1

Johnson vii

Parker ii

Valentine ill

Booth ii

Fitzhugh 111

Jones 11

Palmer vii

Wade Iv

Borden vl

Fleming vi

Kcarns v

Parsons v

Walker ii

Bradford 1

Fletcher iv

Kendall v

Pease vl

Wallace 1

Branch 111

Flournoy vii

King iii

Peery iii

Walworth 11

Breeden vi

Foster vi

Knight iv

Perkins il

Ward vl

Briggs il

Fowler vii

Knox iii

Phillips i

Warren Vil

Brodie vl

Fox i

Lamb v

Pierce vii

Washington il

Brooks 1

Franklin iii

Lamprey vi

Pope iv

Watson v

Brown 1

Freeman 1

Landen v

Porter vii

Webster vi

Butler vl

French ii

Lane vii

Pratt v

Welles ii

Cabell 11

Fuller v

Langford v

Preston Iv

Wendell 1

Campbell vl

Gardiner vi

Lapham ii

Price vii

Wetmore iv

Cannon ill

Gifford iii

Law vii

Proctor v

Wheeler ii

Carpenter vll

Gilbert il

Lawrence vl

Putnam il

White vi

Carter v

Godfrey iv

Lawson iii

Rawson ii

Whitney vl

Cary 1

Goode 11

Lee v

Read i

Williams iii

Cathcart vl

Goodridge 1

Lewis vi

Reynolds vi

Wilson i

Chambers vii

Goodwin v

Lloyd vii

Richards vl

Winslow i

Chapman Iii

Graham Hi

Loomis i

Richardson v

Witherspoon vli

Chase iv

Grant iv

Lucas vii

Ridley v

Wood iv

Child 111

Graves iv

Luce Iv

Roberts ii

Woodhouse ii

Christian vl

Gray v

Madison vl

Robinson ii

Wright i

Clapp 11

Green Iv

Mann Iv

Rockwell iii

Young Hi

Clark iv

Griffith 1

Manning i

Rogers iii

Yuille(Ewell)vii

Genealogies, histories, biographies, printed and published ; ancestry traced ;
heraldic research ; coats-of-arms emblazoned.

Any one having a genealogical, historical, or biographical manuscript ready
for the press or in preparation, or who is interested in families which might
appropriately be included in future volumes of Colonial Families of America, 1*
invited to correspond with the Publishers.

Frank Allaben Genealogical Company

Three West Forty-second Street, New York

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

Los Angeles
This book is DUE on the last date stamped below.

1NTERU1BRARY

SEP 15 131

Due Two Weeks From Da

tEcro

LOANS

e Of Receipt

3 1158 01135 5525

UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY

"" lll Illll Hill Mill Hill

A 000069133 7

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