Full text of "Colonial Records. Calendar of State Papers, Colonial"

H. \\DHGUND
AT THE

CALENDAR

STATE PAPERS,

. COLONIAL SERIES,
EAST INDIES,

CHINA AND JAPAN.

' '-

CALENDAR

STATE PAPERS,

COLONIAL SERIES,

EAST INDIES,

CHINA AND JAPAN,
1513-1616,

PRESERVED IN

HER MAJESTY'S PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE,

AND ELSEWHERE.

EDITED BT

W. NOEL SAINSBURY, ESQ.,

OF THE PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE,

HONORARY MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETIES OF MASSACHUSETTS, NEW YORK, MARYLAND,
PENNSYLVANIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, &C.

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS, AND WITH THE SANCTION O9
HER MAJESTY'S SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIAL DEPARTMENT.

LONDON :

LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN & ROBERTS.
1862.

Printed by G. E. Eyre and W. Spottiiwoode,
ller Majesty'i Printen.

CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME.

PAOB

PREFACE - - -- . . --vii

CALENDAR, 1513-1616 - ..... 1

GENERAL INDEX - - - - -*. .. 489

ERRATA - - ... . . 555

PREFACE.

THE papers calendared in this volume are derived from
three great archives, the Public Record Office, the British
Museum, and the India Office. It comprises, to speak
generally, all papers connected with the early voyages for
discovery of the North-west or other passages to INDIA
or " CATHAY," in the Public Record Office, down to the year
1616 ; those in the British Museum on the same subjects ;
and, by permission of the Secretary of State for India, the
original correspondence from that office, together with the
Court Minutes of the East India Company from its estab-
lishment in 1600 : a few of the Minutes are even previous
to that date, Queen Elizabeth having delayed to grant the
charter some eighteen months, on account of overtures for
a treaty of peace with Spain. 1

The collection may therefore be considered as perfect
as these sources of information could make it, and will be
found to contain materials for a most complete history of
the subjects it embraces.

The more important subjects and those the more par-
ticularly illustrated are the early voyages for discovery
of a North-east or North-west passage ; the establishment of
the East India Company ; the various successes of the early
voyages to the East Indies ; an account of the settling of
the different factories, with the gradual development of the
lasting influence of England in those distant countries ; the
commencement of a commercial intercourse with PERSIA;
the first faint attempts at establishing a direct trade with
CHINA ; the opening of a communication with JAPAN,

' No. 260.

viii PREFACE.

through a series of adventures as romantic as the history of
Robinson Crusoe, and the approaching cessation of all inter-
course with that empire, chiefly caused by the death of one
Emperor and the different policy of his successor, in which
religious considerations formed a predominant part.

The first mention of a voyage of discovery in this volume
is by " the Worshipful Master Robert Thome in anno
11 1527." 1 His father was one of the dicoverers of New-
foundland, and the son conceived " a vehement desire to
" attempt the navigation towards the North;" he endeavours
to persuade King Henry VIII. to further the discovery, and,
setting l>efore him the rich countries to be found, " exhorts
" him to take it in hand." Master Robt. Thome's efforts
were not, however, a whit more successful than those of the
daring adventurers who made similar attempts in the suc-
ceeding reign. The result of the voyage " intended for the
" discovery of Cathay," set forth by Sebastian Cabot, who
obtained from Edward VI. " letters to the kings, princes,
" and other potentates inhabiting the North-east parts of the
" world toward the mighty empire of Cathay," is too well
known to need comment ; it will be remembered that Sir
Hugh Willoughby, who was appointed Captain General of
the expedition, and most of his company, perished with cold
in a river or haven called Arzina [Warsina] in Lapland. 2

In the reign of Queen Mary we find no project set on
foot to discover a passage ; and, if Stephen Borowgh's north-
eastern explorations through the strait between Vaigatz and
Nova Zembla proper, now called " Burrough's Strait," are
excepted, no such voyages were attempted.

Elizabeth's accession brought a host of adventurers into
the field. Letters, memorials, observations, and arguments
were written and presented by many persons anxious to
attempt the discovery, and equally willing to encounter
dangers to attain it. The first letter of any importance of
which we have notice was written by Anthony Jenckynson

1 No. 2. Nos. 3-5.

PREFACE.

to the Queen in 1565. He had already made several voyages
to Russia and Persia, and now he ;< urges Her Majesty to
" set forward this famous discovery of that renowned
" Cathay ;" he asserts that, by the traffic, the Queen will x
grow to infinite riches, and that she will be accounted " the
" famous Princess in the world." He wishes to be employed
in the enterprise, and offers to venture his life, " as fervent
zeal " he says, " moveth me, which, if I may live to
" accomplish, I shall attain to the * some' of my desire."
This letter, for the proving of a passage by the North-east,
was answered by Sir Humphrey Gylberte in cap. 8. of his
Discourse " to prove a passage by the North-west to Cathay
" and the East Indies." 1 Jenckynson was soon after this
sent by the Queen on a voyage to Russia. 2 Previous to his
leaving England he again writes, this time to Secretary Cecil,
that although he has sued a long time to have the passage
discovered he has never yet had any direct answer; that he
has sundry times discoursed with Mr. Gylberte thereon, and
not doubting good success, they mean to make a trial at
their own charges with such assistance as they can procure,
if the Queen will grant them certain privileges ; and he
concludes by saying that he has conferred with Mr. Gylberte
not only to solicit the above on behalf of them both, but
has also taken order for furnishing the voyage in every
respect, against his return. 3 Jenckynson no sooner leaves
England than Gylberte himself petitions the Queen, speci-
fying the privileges required from Her Majesty in considera-
tion of the great charges, " besides the apparent miserable
" travel, hazard, and peril of his life." His petition is
well received ; Secretary Cecil makes favourable observa-
tions on it 4 and it seems likely to be successful, when the
Company of Merchant Adventurers for the discovery of
new trades, better known as the Muscovy or Russia Com-
pany, to whom the articles of privileges requested by Gyl-
berte are referred, step in, and although they do not abso-

No. 9.

2 No. 10.

No. 12.

No. 13.

x PREFACE.

lulely put their veto on the intended voyage of discovery,
they state their objections to several of the articles, though
they add that Mr. Gylberte " showeth himself very con-
" formable to surcease his suit in anything derogatory to
" the privileges of the Company." ' Other discourses and
arguments follow on *' the Strait to be discovered towards
" the North-west,"* when we come to 1576, a year ever
memorable in the history of these voyages as the one in
which Frobisher made his first attempt. Mr., now Sir Hum-
phrey, Gylberte had written the year before 3 his celebrated
discourse to prove a 'passage by the North-west ; and this
discourse, Chalmers says, was most probably the cause of
Frobisher's first voyage.

In writing of a period so remote, and after reading of the
expectations, the fears, and the solicitudes of so many, the
money adventured, the labour expended, and the lives risked
in the long desired discovery, one is naturally reminded of
similar attempts in our own times. For upwards of three
centuries the attention of one generation after another
was attracted towards this interesting subject of adventure.
Nearly every British sovereign was willing, if not desirous,
to see it accomplished. Companies were formed, large sums
of money subscribed, vessels fitted out, and able commanders
were not wanting to make the attempt ; yet it was reserved
for our own day to establish the existence of the long sought
for passage, though not without the sacrifice of some of
our most heroic mariners, and the disappointment of all the
golden dreams of the past as to the practical value of the
discovery.

Of the details of Frobisher's voyages the papers in this
volume give the fullest information ; of the origin of the
first, and the inducements which led to the setting forth of
the second and third ; and although not much is added to
what is already known respecting Frobisher's geographical
discoveries, yet many curious particulars in the accounts of

1 No. 15. a Nos. 20-22.

3 Lok says Gylberte'a book was printed in May 1575; vide p. 13.

PREFACE. xi

them throw considerable light on the information furnished
by Hakluyt, and on what has since been written on the
subject. The names of the adventurers in all three of these
voyages are preserved, the amounts subscribed by each, the
names of the vessels, their size, the number of men, in fact
every attendant circumstance has been carefully noted, and
may now be readily referred to. Of the first voyage,
Michael Lok gives an account considerably fuller, and
differing in many particulars from either the accounts of
Christopher Hall or Capt. Best, printed by Hakluyt.

Michael Lok is so intimately connected with Frobisher in
all three of , his celebrated voyages, that a short account of
him, derived from a paper written by himself, will not be
out of place. 1 The son of Sir Wm. Lok, an alderman of
London, he was born in 1532. At the age of 13, his father
being appointed sworn mercer and agent beyond the seas to
King Henry VIII., Michael was sent to complete his
education in Flanders and France. He travelled thirty-two
years through almost all the countries of Christianity, and
was captain of a ship of 1,000 tons in divers voyages to the
Levant. Of late, Lok continues in his " Memorial," he
renewed his old acquaintance with Martin Frobisher, and
furnished him with things necessary for the first voyage.
Frobisher, in 1574, brought a letter from the Queen to the
Muscovy Company, exhdrting them again to attempt the
discovery of Cathay, twenty years having passed since
Willoughby's expedition in 1553. The Company's answer
was unfavourable ; but a second letter from the Queen, pro-
cured also by Frobisher, caused a licence to be granted in
February 1575 to Lok, Frobisher, and such others as would be
adventurers. The enterprise was delayed that year for lack
of money, and it was mainly attributable to Lok's exertions
(who himself disbursed 738J. 19*. 3rf. out of I,6l3/. l$s. 3d.,
the expenses of the first voyage), 2 as also probably to the
appearance of Sir Humphrey Gylberte's book " for the
" maintenance of the good hope and likelihood in this

i No. 27. 2 No. 26.

x ii PKKFACE.

" enterprise of new discovery," that subscriptions to the
amount of 875/. were collected.

Three years later, when Lok and Frobisher were not only
estranged, but the ruin of one and the disappointment of
both had made them enemies, Lok asserts that he used
Frobisher as his fellow and friend ; that he opened all his
own private studies and twenty years' labour to him, and
showed him all his books, charts, maps, and instruments.
" I daily instructed him," adds Lok, " making my house
" his home, my purse his purse at his need, and my credit
** his credit to my power, when he was utterly destitute
" both of money, credit, and friends." Frobisher first
lodged at the house of one Brown in Fleet Street how
unfortunate the name for the purpose of identification-
then " to be nearer Lok," at widow Hancock's house in
Mark Lane. The whole of this paper in explanation of
Frobisher's voyages is well worth attention. 1

Frobisher had no sooner returned to England from his
first voyage in Oct. l."76 than he petitioned the Queen, 2 " in
" respect of his late discoveries in the North-west and his
" great charges," for letters patent appointing him and his
heirs forever High Admiral of those seas already or hereafter
to be discovered by him, with government by land and
other privileges. The result was, that " articles of grant
** [were obtained] from the Queen's Majesty to the Com-
" pany of Cathay," in which all the first venturers with
Lok and Frobisher were to be one company and corporation
for ever, to be named c< the Company of Cathay." In this
grant Michael Lok of London, mercer, is named Governor
for life, in consideration " of his industry, good direction,
" and great travail " in Frobisher's first voyage ; and Martin
Frobisher is appointed Admiral of all new discoveries for
life for " his industry, good order, and great travail " in his
late voyage ; and for " his good service " he is to have one
per cent, forever upon all goods exported. 3

1 No. 132. II. No. 28. No. 30.

PREFACE. xiii

Within six months of Frobisher's return Sir Wm. Wynter,
Jenckjmson, Lok, and others, commissioned by the Queen
" to consider upon all matters requisite for the furniture
" and dispatch of Mr. Frobisher for Cathay," reported:
to the Privy Council that a second voyage was " a thing
" worthy in their opinion to be followed." l The charges
were estimated at 4,500/., and a list was given of the
ventures subscribed by each. The Queen subscribed
5QO/., but subsequently increased the amount to 1,000/.
The Lord Treasurer, Lord Admiral, and other high digni-
taries subscribed 1001. each ; the name of Sir Thos. Gresham
is down for 200/., Mr. Philip Sydney for 50/. Among
the considerations which influenced the setting forth of
Frobisher on a second voyage it is quite certain, from
a letter of Lok to the Queen in April 1577, 2 that the
chief was a hope of gold, and this doubtless had a con-
siderable effect in swelling the list of adventurers. Pieces
of a stone presented by Frobisher to Lok, "the first
thing he found in the new land," were given to Williams,
the assay master of the Tower, and to other gold refiners.
One, an Italian, by name John Baptista Agnello, made
several proofs, and showed gold to Lok ; this grain of gold
Lok took to the Queen, and the few who knew of the
discovery were exhorted to secrecy. Frobisher himself at
Lok's dinner table was informed " that three or four had
" found nothing in the stone, but that one man had found
" a little silver," whereat he was very glad. The secret
was, however, discovered, and Lok took considerable pains
" to set down all his proceedings in this matter " in a long
letter to the Queen.

Frobisher started on his second voyage 26th May 1577,
twelve days earlier than he had sailed the year before, and
on that same day Lok in a memorial to the Queen gives an
account of his acquaintance with Frobisher. He says,
" finding him expert, fit, and ready to execute so great at-
" tempts, I joined with him;" and he entreats Her Majesty

i No. 33. 2 No. 34.

PREFACE.

for recompense and help " in this great new matter now
" enterprized by me and Martin Frobisher, whereof God
" give good success," having been at very great charges for
two years, since Frobisher hath been in London, who " eat
" the most of his meat at my table freely and gladly." l
Ten convicted men, out of various prisons, were taken by
Frobishcr in this voyage, 2 probably to help work the mines
of gold ore which it was hoped might be found ; but Lok
afterwards declares that not one of these men went the
voyage. They were set at liberty by Frobisher " for
" friendship and money." 3 Several copies of Frobisher's
instructions for this voyage are preserved, among them u
draft with corrections. They vary considerably ; in the last 4
an article is added to give express command to the re-
finers and tryers of the ore not to discover the secret of
the riches of the mines.

Frobisher had not long sailed, patronized by the Queen
and favoured by her courtiers, before the pitiful voice of his
wife is heard praying to be kept from starvation. Isabel
Frobisher, " the most miserable poor woman in the world,"
petitions Sec. Walsyngham/ She asserts that she was
some time the wife of Thos. Riggat, of Snaith, co. York,
a very wealthy man, who left her in very good state, and
with good portions to all her children ; but she adds that
she afterwards took to husband Mr. Capt. Frobisher ("whom
" God forgive "), who has spent all, and put them to the wide
world to shift ; that her children of her first husband are
with her in a poor room at Hampstead ready to starve. She
prays that one Kemp may be ordered to pay 41. due to her
husband, or for some relief until Frobisher's return to keep
them from famishing. We are left in doubt as to the
success of this appeal.

In September 15/7 the ships arrive at Bristol, and Lok
immediately suggests to the Privy Council that Frobisher

1 No. 41. 2 No. 36. 3 p. 56.

No. 39. & NO. 43.

PREFACE. xv

should discharge the ore there, and that it should be kept
in the castle or other safe place under four locks, the keys
to be left with the Mayor of Bristol, Sir Richard Barkley,
Frobisher, and himself; he also requests the Council to
determine on the speedy melting of it, and that his office of
Treasurer [to the Company of Cathay] may be ratified. 1
On 28th September, the Council directed Frobisher to
unload his ships at Bristol. One of the main objects
of this voyage, to obtain the gold ore, was undoubtedly
thought to have been successful ; but it is somewhat re-
markable that throughout the correspondence relating
to Frobisher's second and third voyages, the original
intention of the first voyage, that is, the discovery of the
North-west passage, is almost wholly lost sight of; gold is
the pith, heart, and core of most of the correspondence.

The letters now become numerous. The Privy Council
direct the officers of the Mint to receive into the Tower cer-
" tain ore brought out of the North-west parts by Martin
" Frobisher," by weight, which from time to time is to be de-
livered to be melted down, as directed by the commissioners
appointed for oversight of the melting. 2 A month later Lok
informs Walsyngham that the ore is not yet brought to
perfection, the three workmasters being jealous of each
other, and loth to show their coining ; but he adds, the ore
is very rich, and will yield better than 40/. a ton clear of
charges ; " this is assuredly true, which may suffice to embrace
" the enterprise." The different " workmen " had, however,
opposite opinions of the value of the ore ; Jonas Schutz,
an Almain, " engaged that two tons should yield in fine
" gold, 20 ounces ;" 3 while Dr.Burchard Kraurych(?), or, as
he was commonly called, Dr. Burcott, certifies that " he has
" proved it to the uttermost, and finds not such great
" riches as is here spoken and reported of." 4 A third
declares that he finds no gold or silver, or next to none. 5

1 No. 51. 2 No. 56. a No. 61.

No. 62. s NO. 81.

PREFACE.

A' curious document is calendared under No. 65 ; it contains
proofs of the ore, but by whom made does not appear. There
were four proofs, though the " great proof of the black ore "
alone remains, small particles of the gold itself still remaining
attached to the paper by sealing wax. A man and woman
were also brought " from the North-west " by Frobisher on
this voyage, and Dr. Donningc reports on the sickness and
death of the man at Bristol, and on the nature of the
woman * yet living." * Whatever reports were spread of
the unfavourable success of this second voyage must have
been quickly suppressed, or at all events have met with
little credence: Officers of State, Lords as well as
Commoners, desired to be adventurers " in the goods
" now come home, or else in the next adventure," 2 and
Ixjfore the truth could be fully ascertained of the value or
worthlessness of the ore, the necessary expenses for a
third and more' costly expedition than the two preceding
were quickly collected, or rather promised, for it is doubtful
whether the whole was ever paid.

Sec. Walsyngham was commanded by the Queen to
write to the Lord Treasurer and Lord Chamberlain, that
Her Majesty, "understanding that the richness of that
" earth is like to fall out to a good reckoning, is well
" pleased that a third voyage be taken in hand ;" 3 and
the necessary instructions were given to " our loving friend
" Martin Frobisher for the order to be observed in
" the voyage." These instructions are in draft, with
numerous corrections and additions in Lord Burghley'g
hand, whose original memoranda for this third voyage
are also preserved. 1 '' It was proposed to send ships for
5,000 tons weight of ore, and the charges are calculated, as
also to victual and keep 100 men in the country 18 months.
When directions were given by the Privy Council to the
Commissioners in March 1578 to proceed with a third

1 No 59. i. * No. 54. s See No. 92.

No. 93. ' No. 87.

PREFACE.

voyage, Lok declares that Frobisher " grew into such a
" monstrous mind that a whole kingdom could not contain
" it but already, by discovery of a new world, he was be-
" come another Columbus," * and that it was upon Burcott's
promises " so great a Capt. Frobisher was exalted to so
" great a dominion in his third voyage." 2 Eleven vessels
were fitted for this expedition : they sailed from Harwich
on 31st of May 15/8; the Queen herself, a large adven-
turer, watching their departure, and, it is said, wishing
them success.

On Frobisher's arrival at Cornwall, 25th September 1578,
he immediately repaired to the Court at Richmond, and from
thence to London, " whereupon was no small joy conceived
*' on all parties " for the safety of the men, though many
died of sickness, but especially for the treasure he brought,
the ships being laden with rich gold ore, worth, as he said,
60/. and SO/, a ton. 3 Immediately afterwards the Privy
Council write to the Commissioners, the Lord Mayor, and
Lok the Treasurer, giving the necessary directions for
payment of the mariners and discharge of the ships, they
" having brought double the quantity of ore expected." 4
The Commissioners are required to demand of the general,
captains, masters, and pilots of the ships severally, an
account in writing of their proceedings in the voyage, and
to take from them all plats, charts, and descriptions of the
countries and places, and forbid their being published.
More than one account of Frobisher's third voyage will be
found in this volume ; 5 but although the journals of Ellis and
Capt. Best are printed in Hakluyt, those of Capt. Hall and
Edward Sellman, " the Register " of the fleet, furnish many
details not to be found in Hakluyt. Lok, in his account of
" the doings of Capt. Frobisher,'' has furnished many
curious particulars of what took place in all the three
voyages.

1 p. 58. 2 p. 57. 3 pp. 58, 59.

4 Nos. 100-102. s Nos. 97-99. 6 No. 142.

PREFACE.

'The adventurers' stock in the three voyages amounted
to the large sum of 20,1 60/., "whereof Michael Lok and
" his children" subscribed 4,920/., the Earl of Oxford
becoming a partner with him for 2,000/. In this account
Lok complains that he is now openly slandered by Capt
Frobisher, " thus to be a false accountant to the Company,
" a cozener of my Lord of Oxford, no venturer at all in
" the voyages, a bankrupt knave," and he beseeches the
commissioners and auditors of his accounts to certify what
he has done. 1 A little later Lok declares that Frobisher,
lacking the money he was wont to have at Lok's hands,
" entered into great storms and rages with me, ' lyke a made
" ' best,' and raised on me such shameful reports and false
" slanders as the whole court and city was full thereof."*
In another paper he says that Frobisher with 40 men came
to his house in a fury, accusing him, &c. 3 Soon after
this Lok was superseded in the treasurership by Thos.
Allen ; then follow accusations against Lok, with his
written replies to Sec. Walsyngham, whom he beseeches to
stand his friend, 4 and his " Relation of the abuses of Capt.
" Frobisher against the Company/' 3 probably a counter accu-
sation. Little more than a month had elapsed when Lok's
successor complains to Walsyngham that " Frobisher much
" misuses him in words. Sir, he will weary us all, and he
" have the bridle too much ; " and Allen adds, " I would I
" were discharged rather than I will be thus railed at for
" my pains." Frobisher had scarcely returned four months,
when, in the beginning of 1579 the real value of the large
quantity of ore brought home by him began to be under-
stood. Lok, as we have already stated, had risked nearly
5,000/. on the faith of it turning out as was generally
believed it would, but with his large family he could brook
no further delays. In despair he petitions the Council,
beseeching their consideration, having, as he says, for three

1 No. 106. 2 No. 132. II. p. 59.

4 No. 112. 5 No. 122. No. 119.

PREFACE.

years past taken charge of all the business of Frobishcr's
Voyages, and paid 6,250/., "whereby himself, his wife,
" and 15 children are left to beg their bread henceforth,
" unless God turn the stones at Dartford (whither the ore
" had been taken) into his bread again." 1 The total amount
allowed by Burghley for Lok's three years' service and
expenses was 430/. ; he demanded l,200/. a

Two years had elapsed ; the positive value of the ore does
not seem to have been ascertained, although the Queen and
those interested in the result of the " proofs " must have been
fully convinced that to expect a large amount of gold from the
ore which had been brought home by Frobisher would be a
delusion. During this time more than one report was made
of the value of the ore. It was variously estimated as worth
from 10/. to 151. a ton, 3 though no quantity appears to have
been melted either at Dartford or the Tower. The real
truth, however, came out at last, and all doubts were finally
set at rest by two assays made by Wm. Williams in July
1583. 4 The two minute particles of silver found in 2 cwt. of
" Frobisher's ore " were not nearly so big as a pin's head,
and they remain to this day, fastened by sealing wax to the
report, an evidence of the worthlessness of the ore. Lok
had previously made an " offer for all the North-west ore
" brought by Capt. Frobisher ;" but from Burghley 's remarks,
" to have better security than by himself," it is more than
probable Lok was unable to satisfy the Lord Treasurer of
his capability to carry out his " offer." 5 The last of Lok r
and in fact of any mention of Frobisher's voyages, is as a
petitioner from the Fleet Prison. He was condemned at
the suit of Wm. Borowgh to pay 200/. for a ship bought of
him for Frobisher's last voyage, but he adds it is not his
debt. He complains that he has sustained great troubles,
many imprisonments, and extreme losses to his utter un-
doino-; and he prays for his release, a " quietus est" for his

No. 124. 2 No. 126. 3 Eos. 131, 134.

No. 228. 5 No. 152.

b 2

xx PREFACE.

discharge from his account, that his bond for 4.000/. for the
Queen's adventure may be cancelled, and that he may have
a warrant of protection from further trouble for debts owing
by the Company. 1 To this petition Lok has appended no
less than 15 papers, which contain in themselves a history
of his connexion and proceedings with Frobisher and the
" Company of the North-west voyage." There is evidence
of his having been six months in prison " for the debts of
" the adventurers." !

Lok has left behind him a very full record of " the
" doings of Capt. Frobisher amongst the Company's busi-
" ness," of which two copies are extant, one in the Public
Record Office, and the other in the British Museum. 3 In
this paper Lok somewhat fiercely declares that all Fro-
bisher's arguments were found to be false by his two latter
voyages, the passage being left as uncertain as at the
beginning.

There is another Captain Frobisher mentioned in this
Calendar in 1615, but what relative, if any, to the celebrated
Sir Martin, I am unable to say. He desired employment as
captain, in one of the East India Company's ships, and the
Lord Admiral wrote to the Governor in his behalf; but
being informed that none were employed " but were skilful
in merchandising," he pressed his suit no further. 4 One
Rich. Furbisher or Furbusher (Sir Martin's name was fre-
quently written thus) was in the employ of the East India
Company. 8

Nothing is known of any expedition having been under-
taken for the discovery of a North-east passage, since
Stephen Borowgh's unsuccessful attempt in 1556, until 1580,
when Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman, two captains in
the service of the Muscovy Company, started from Harwich
in two small barks. Their instructions, 6 which slightly
differ from the printed copy in Hakluyt, were found in

1 No. 154. 2 ^ 0> 169 3 No i 42i

* Nos. 1034, 1048. * Nos. 891, 960, 974. No. 147.

PREFACE. xxi

the British Museum, a portion of the document being in the
Cotton, the remainder in the Lansdowne collection. They
are wholly in the handwriting of John Dee, the celebrated
mathematician. The part omitted by Hakluyt is important,
as the original MS. supplies the name of the framer of the
instructions, and most probably the originator of the voyage.
The omission referred to is " God be favourable to these
" attempts greatly tending to His glory and the great honour
" of His Kingdom. 1580, May 15. By me, John Dee."
Dr. John Dee was one of those whose opinion had great
weight in the prosecution of Frobisher's voyages, and he
was also the " official adviser of the Muscovy Company."
The commission, Hakluyt's notes, given to Pet and Jack-
man, and the journal of the voyage, 1 are all printed in
Hakluyt, though the latter is a much fuller account than
the one written by Hugh Smith. Appended to the MS. is
also a rough map. This voyage was likewise unsuccessful ;
the only discovery being a strait between Vaigatz and the
mainland of Russia, which is now called Pet Strait. Pet
reached England in December 1580 ; but Jackman, who win-
tered in Norway, perished on his homeward voyage the fol-
lowing spring. This is the last well authenticated English
voyage in search of a North-east passage anterior to those
of Hudson in 1607 and 1608. 2 Voyages were undertaken by
the Dutch for a similar object in 1594, 1595, and 1596, the
celebrated Wm. Barents being the chief pilot. " The reciting
" of the manner and courses of the third voyage" 3 may
be found in the British Museum, but neither of the
MS. accounts exactly corresponds with the one printed in
Hakluyt.

Dr. Asher in his admirable introduction to " Henry
" Hudson the Navigator," and Mr. Rundall in his " Narra-
" tives of Voyages towards the North-west," both printed
for the Hakluyt Society, refer to a projected fourth voyage

1 Nos. 148-150.

2 Hen. Hudson the navigator, printed for the Hakluyt Society, p. cxxv.

3 Nos. 248, 249.

PREFACE.

under Frobisher. Dr. Asher says "the enterprise came
" to naught because it had been projected on too large a
" scale. It is mentioned for the last time in 1581."
Mr. Rundall after quoting some of the documents in the
British Museum on the subject, says, "Positive evidence
" of the fact [of a projected fourth voyage towards the
" North-west under the command of Sir Martin Frobisher]
" is nevertheless wanting, and the researches of some future
*' enquirer may prove the opinion now expressed to be
" erroneous." Nearly eighty documents, all relating to this
voyage, have been found. They include letters from the
Earls of Leicester and Shrewsbury, from Frobisher, Haw-
kins, Drake, and others interested, and are calendared in
this volume. From them a very accurate history of the
object in contemplation may be gathered. 1 The names of
the adventurers and every other detail is supplied, and all
doubt set at rest as to the projected voyage and the
success attending it. The first notice occurs in a letter
from the Earl of Shrewsbury to Leicester, dated 24 Sept.
158 1, 2 in which Shrewsbury thanks Leicester for informing
him of the setting forth of two or three ships into the
East Indies, and expresses his willingness to be one of the
adventurers to about 1,000/., his " adventure, .ship, and
" furniture considered ; " he also exhibits his satisfaction
that Frobisher likes the ship well for this voyage. A
few days later Frobisher himself writes to Leicester, in a
piece of penmanship 3 which is one of the most difficult
to read I ever saw, informing him that he has agreed with
Mr. Ughtrede for the Earl to pay 2,000/., Ughtrede adven-
turing the other 800/., the two sums being probably the
price of a ship of his own, which it was suggested should go
the voyage. Sir Fras. Drake also is not backward in giving
his support to the adventure ; he declares that " nothing
" shall be wanting in him to be assistant to bring it to
1 good effect ; " and he promises not only to supply Frobisher
with sufficient men of Drake's own company, who " have

1 Nos. 155-232. - No. 155. 3 NO. 156.

PREFACE. XXlii

" some experience that way," but to venture 1,000 marks
in money ; or he offers to furnish a ship of his own of 180
tons, wherein he will bear the adventure of IjOOO/. 1 It
will be remembered that Drake had only lately completed-
his voyage round the world, in which he sailed to the
Moluccas and returned home by the Cape of Good Hope ;
his sailors, no doubt, then had " some experience that way."
Hawkins excuses himself from having to do with the enter-
prise, though he says he would be glad if his ability and
estate were such as he might be an adventurer, but he is
hardly able to overcome the debt he owes Her Majesty and
keep his credit. His sickness continually abides with him ;
every second day he has a fit, and he is more like to provide
for his grave than to encumber himself with worldly
matters. 2 All the biographies of Sir John Hawkins which
I have consulted are silent as to this particular period of his
life. Whether young Hawkins, who went this voyage, was a
son or any other relation of the great navigator, I am unable
to say. It is somewhat curious that England should have
lost the services of all three of these great men above-men-
tioned in three successive years : Frobisher died in 1594,
Hawkins in 1595, and Drake in 1596. The project of this
voyage once set on foot, and encouraged by so many great
navigators, little time was lost in bringing it to maturity.
Many letters were written ; adventurers, whose names are
given, subscribed 11,600/. for the expenses ; 3 three ships and
a pinnace were furnished for the voyage ; 2,000/. being spent
in merchandise, " it were wished it might be more if there
" were more money ; " and the instructions were drawn out 4
in February 1582 for Frobisher to be captain-general of the
expedition. For some cause unassigned, though I think a
perusal of the instructions will clear up any doubt that might
be entertained as to the reasons for the change, Edward
Fenton was suddenly appointed in the place of Frobisher. and

1 No. 159. 2 No. 16C.

s No. 183. 4 No. 187.

X3UV PREFACE.

Fenton's instructions were signed by Burghley, Leicester, and
Walsyngham, on 9th April, to take command of the fleet. 1
The original " articles of agreement for the voyage," and
44 the first draught " of Capt. Frobisher's instructions, 2 were
probably dictated by Leicester ; they are in the handwriting
of Thos. Atye, the Earl's secretary. It will be seen that
Frobisher's instructions were to use all diligence to depart
from Southampton before the last of February 1582; and
that he was not to pass to the north-eastward of 40 lat.
at the most, " because we will that this voyage shall be only
." for trade, and not for discovery of the passage by the
44 North-east to Cataya, otherwise than if, without hindrance
" of your trade, and within the said degree, you can get any
44 knowledge touching that passage, whereof you shall do
" well to be inquisitive as occasion in this sort may serve."
This was doubtless an article that Frobisher would not
consent to. The experience gained in his previous voyages
made him anxious to renew his efforts to be again set forth
on a further search. And although he might not have been
altogether pleased at being fettered with instructions as to
the trade he was expected to carry on, as in a similar manner
he had been hampered in his previous voyages in the one
great object of his ambition, by orders to procure the sup-
posed gold ore, we cannot doubt for a moment, when he
found the voyage was not for discovery of the passage but
for trade only, that he declined to take the command, and
gave up all thoughts of going the voyage. That he did
not go, is quite certain.

No sooner were Frobisher's intentions known than various
alterations were made in the instructions. It was agreed

that the ships should not sail until the month of April ;
they did not leave England until June, and the objectionable
article to Frobisher was made even more stringent for the
new commander : 3 " You shall take your right course to the
" isles of the Moluccas, for the better discovery of the North-

1 No. 192. Nos. 184, 187. No. 187.

PREFACE. xxv

" west passage," provided always that the discovery might
then be made " without hindrance of your trade." This
was next to an impossibility ; and Drake, newly arrived from
those parts, must have known that it was so. As it after-
wards, turned out, the inhabitants of the places where the
English vessels were likely to touch, refused any communi-
cation with them ; they had express orders to do so, " in
respect of the spoils and robberies committed by Sir
Fras. Drake in the South Sea." 1 To carry on trade at
the Moluccas, keep constant watch against surprise from
Spanish vessels, maintain a sufficient force to repel attack,
and endeavour, with any hope of success, the finding of a
North-east or any other unknown passage, with the ships
placed under his command, 2 all this must at once have
struck Frobisher as wholly out of his power to accom-
plish. The result, though differing from anything that
was anticipated, proved that he was right. 1 Frobisher was
not the only commander who refused to go the voyage:
Christopher Carlile, son-in-law to Sec. Walsyngham, " a
" proper man, of experience, sober, and tractable," and already
prepared for the expedition, as the correspondence in this
volume proves, and Hakluyt laconically remarks, " upon
occasion was not in this voyage." 3 Besides the com-
manders and mariners, preachers, merchants, surgeons, pur-
sers, a jeweller, garbler (for the spices), distiller of fresh
water, smith, shoemaker, tailor, apothecary, some good
shipwrights, and three musicians embarked in the ships, 4
and everything bade fair for a successful voyage in point
of trade. Every circumstance that took place on the voy-
age is described in detail in the numerous journals and
accounts of it calendared in this volume. Hakluyt (in
Evans' edition, 5 vols., 1811, the edition quoted throughout
this book,) prints in fourteen pages the account of this
voyage by Luke Ward, the Vice- Admiral of the Fleet, but

1 No. 225. 2 NO. is2.

3 No. 188. 4 NO. 189.

xxv i PREFACE.

the other accounts herein abstracted furnish more perfect
narratives. That written by the Rev. Rich. Madox, chap-
lain, is well worth notice : his diary, 1 from the commence-
ment of 1582, six months before the vessels sailed, is
certainly the fullest account of all. It consists of 146
pages, interspersed with very curious drawing and tables.
By some mischance this diary has been divided, and bound
in two separate volumes, but the cross references made by
the indefatigable keeper of the MSS. in the British Museum
prevent any real inconvenience to the reader.

The ships returned to Plymouth in May 1583; and the
commander, Edward Fenton, in a letter to Burghley,
gave a sad account of the failure of the voyage. 2 They
did not reach the coast of Brazil until December 1582,
where they were forced to water. They were unable, through
contrary winds and want of victuals, to pass the Cape of
Good Hope, and the certain intelligence of a large Spanish
fleet prevented them from navigating the Straits of Magellan.
Thus reduced, a council was summoned, at which it was
proposed that they should go either to the River Plate or to
St. Vincent on the coast of Brazil. Is was decided to sail for
St. Vincent, but they had scarcely arrived there when three
Spanish ships, with 700 soldiers and marines, suddenly ap-
peared, and a " hot fight " was the consequence. Although
the Vice- Admiral, a Spanish ship equal to Fentou's, and full
of able men, was sunk, and the English commander lost but
five men killed ami twenty wounded, " their honest proceed-
ings were overthrown by the King of Spain's forces ;" or, Fen-
ton adds, " he dares well assure the Lord Treasurer they had
" brought home in honest trade above 40,000/. or 50,000/."
One of the surgeons, in a report to Leicester on the state of
the health of the men during the voyage, states that, in-
cluding three who died of wounds received from the enemy,
they lost forty-five persons. 3 Thus ended the voyage, and
with it all hope of gain by the adventurers. The discovery

1 Xo. 221. * No. 225. 3 jf o . 229.

PREFACE. xxvii

of the long sought-for passage was hardly expected, and
Frobisher, originally selected as the commander, was at all
events spared the disappointment of this fourth attempt. 1

Equally without result were the endeavours of Adrian
Gylberte, to whom letters patent " for the search and dis-
" covery of the North-west passage to China " were granted
in February 1584, as printed in Hakluyt, III., 129-132. The
papers numbered 234 to 236 have reference to this grant.
There is, however, one curious addition to the articles, not
included in the patent : " The said Adrian Gylberte, Walter
" Ralegh (the name of John Dee appears in the preceding
" abstract), and John Davis, to be custom free for their proper
" goods, during the space of 60 years, which they shall bring
" from those lands to be discovered." In the very year that
Adrian Gylberte petitioned for this grant, Sir Humphrey's
ship foundered at sea on her way home from Newfoundland,
in a violent storm at midnight, and all souls on board
perished. Adrian does not seem to have undertaken any
voyage. Anderson says (II. 156), " This scheme ended
" in nothing at all."

It was reserved for John Davis, seven years after Fro-
bisher's third voyage, to follow up and as it were develop
the indications of the latter ; but it is somewhat remarkable
that no trace is to be found in this Calendar of either one
of his three celebrated voyages. It is true that his name
occurs more than once, and that each mention of it has a
peculiar interest ; but in reference to his voyages for dis-
covery of the North-west passage these papers are wholly
silent, and I am not aware of any particulars having been
published beyond those furnished by Hakluyt. This defi-
ciency may, perhaps, be accounted for, when it is remem-
bered that the chief promoter of the voyage was Sanderson,

1 It may not be out of place to remark that Hakluyt, in the first edition
of his voyages in one volume, prints an account considerably fuller of
Fenton's voyage than is to be found in the subsequent edition of three
vols. In the latter, Hakluyt has reduced the account nearly one half.

xxviii PREFACE.

a -merchant of London, and that the setters forth of the
voyage, although including " certain honorable personages,"
were principally "divers worshipful merchants of London and
' of the West country," so that there would have been no
official correspondence. That Davis was employed by the
East India Company, and accompanied Sir Edward Michel-
borne in his voyage to India in 1605, is well known ; his
" Observations in voyaging from Acheen to Tecoe and
" Priaman, a town upon the west side of Sumatra," are
calendared. 1 A report circulated in London that the
Spaniards had met with Michelborne at sea, and massacred
him and all his company. This report was not true, though
unhappily Davis and several of his company were slain in a
fight with Japanese on 27th December 1605. 2 Purchas prints
a circumstantial account of this melancholy catastrophe.
Had we not the authority of Purchas for the date and
manner of Davis' death, we should have had some doubts
whether " John Davis, who went pilot in the Ascension,
" and is now (April 1609) to go pilot in the Expedition,"
were not the great Arctic navigator towards the North-west.
He was paid 3/. 6s. Sd. for a book he wrote " of all the
" courses, occurrences, and occasions of and in the said
" last voyage," for the Governor and Company. 8

The next voyage for discovery of a North-west passage
was undertaken, at the expense of the East India Company,
in 1602, by Capt. Geo. Way mouth. The Court Minutes,
calendared in this volume, supply all the details of it.
The project was brought to the notice of the Company in
a letter from Geo. Way mouth, " a navigator." 4 A committee
was named to set down the charge of the voyage for
three pinnaces, and it was agreed that the expenses should
be levied at the rate of 12rf. in the pound, according to the
first list of adventurers in the East India Company. 5 Two
pinnaces, one of 50 tons manned with 16 men, and one of

1 No. 345. 2 K O- 336 3 i; . 435.

4 No. 292. a No. 293

PREFACE. xxix

40 tons \vith 14 men, were considered " sufficient for the dis-
" covery," and the charges were estimated at 3,000/. or there-
abouts. An agreement was at the same time entered into
between the East India Company and Way mouth, who was to
have 100/. to prepare his instruments and other necessaries ;
and it was also decided that if he discovered the passage
he was to be paid 500/., referring himself to the favour of
the Company for any further gratification, but that if he did
not make the discovery he was not " to ask anything for his
" pains and travel." A difficulty, however, arose which
had well nigh put an end to the whole affair. The Mus-
covy Company asserted their exclusive right of navigating
the Northern seas. A committee was appointed to inquire
of that Company, " whether they would permit the East
" India Company to enter into the discovery of the passage,
" and wholly relinquish all claim of privilege thereunto
'" during the continuance of the patent to the East India
" Company." 1 This subject was debated at a subsequent
meeting a month later 2 , but further negotiation with the
Muscovy Company did not remove the difficulty. They
" seemed to have no liking " to join in the discovery ; they
would have rather undertaken it themselves, yet they as-
signed no time for doing so. The East India Company, con-
ceiving that an enterprise of such importance should not be
" slaked," resolved to urge the expedition, being of so great
consequence to the commonwealth. Another committee was
appointed to confer with the Muscovy Company, and it was
determined that if the latter would not undertake the dis-
covery themselves, or join with the East India Company,
or do neither, an appeal should be made to the Privy
Council. 3 The Council were doubtless appealed to; for on
December 22, the Muscovy Company, " having received
" letters from the Privy Council," consented to join the
East India Company in the discovery; a resolution was
passed to prosecute the discovery with all expedition, and

1 No. 294. 2 No. 295. 3 No. 297.

xxx PREFACE.

the committee appointed for both Companies agreed upon
the conditions and other business of the voyage. 1 Not-
withstanding all that had passed the East India Com-
pany eventually set forth the voyage on their own respon-
sibility. On f>th January 1602 the opinion of counsel was
had, and " it was resolved for law that the interest of the
" North-west passage is expressly in this Company." Six
days later " the voyage to the North-west was fnally
" determined on." The contributions of 12rf. in the pound
were ordered to be paid in by the last of March, that the
Company be not discredited, " the discovery being made
" so public as well to our own country'as to strangers in
" foreign parts." Officers were appointed, and their salaries
fixed ; the supplies agreed to ; and the Privy Council were
petitioned to aid the Company with their authority. By
the end of April everything was ready for the voyage. The
articles of agreement with Capt. Waymouth were signed,
" the Queen's letters to the Emperors of China and Ca-
*' thay " read, and auditors chosen to audit the accounts of
the charge of the voyage. 2

An agreement was also concluded with John Cartwright,
the minister who was to accompany Waymouth. This
person turned out to be the worst that could have been
selected. Dr. Asher says, " the presumption and cowardice
" of this man have blighted Waymouth's fame." It is
certain, according to the evidence of the officers of the
Godspeed, one of Waymouth's ships, " that he was the
" persuader and mover of the (ship's) company to return for
" England, and give over the voyage." 3 Capt. Waymouth
started from Katcliffe on 2d May 1602, with the Dis-
covery and the Godspeed, victualled for sixteen months
He undertook ' to sail towards the coast of Greenland, and
" pass on into those seas by the North-west towards Cathay
" or China, without giving over proceeding on his course, so
' long as he finds any possibility to make a passage through

1 No. 298. 2 Nos. 301-303. 3 N Q 313

PREFACE. xxxi

" those seas, and not to return for any let or impediment
" whatever, until one year has been bestowed in attempting
" the passage." Purchas, in his account of this voyage, 1
prints the particulars of the mutiny which broke out among'
his crew, and compelled Waymouth to return to England.
Unable to proceed as he judged best, he had to retrace his
steps ; and the man on whose support he had the most right
to rely, to further the objects of the voyage, was the chief
cause of its failure. Writers on Arctic voyages, however
much they differ on the geographical importance of Way-
mouth's discoveries, agree in this point, that he " lighted
" Hudson into his strait." John Cartwright had previously
travelled in Persia with Sir Anthony and Sir Ilobt. Sherley,
and an account of his travels, called " the Preacher's
" Travels," is printed in the Harleian Collection of Voyages,
by Thos. Osborne. 2

Thus terminated another unsuccessful voyage in search
of the North-west passage. Although after Waymouth's
answers to the interrogatories demanded by the Commis-
sioners appointed by the Privy Council, giving the reason
of his return, and declaring " the possibility and hope of
" divers inlets that went through the coast of America into
" the South Seas or the East Indies," it was resolved that
he should be employed in a new attempt, and a committee
was appointed for preparation of the ships and all necessaries
for the voyage and for calculation of the charges, the
project, after a protracted discussion, which lasted from 24th
November 1602 to 24th May 1603, was " utterly left off."
Orders were issued to put to sale the "shipping victuals
and merchandise ; the price of each vessel was fixed at 300/. 3
Waymouth had been previously set out in 1593, at the
joint expense of Russia and Turkey merchants, with two
ships to discover the passage. In 1605 the Earl of South-
ampton and Lord Arundel fitted out a ship with a view to
this discovery, under the command of Waymouth ; but the

1 HI. 809-814. 2 I. 709 et seq. 3 Nos. 315-320.

PREFACE.

" Relation of his Discovery," as printed in Purchas, seems
to have been confined to the northward of Virginia. In
October 1607, James I. granted him a pension of 3*. 4<7.
per diem " until such time as he shall receive from His Ma-
" jesty some other advancement ;" and this is the last
mention we have of " a man of knowledge in navigation,
" and of a resolution to put in execution all possibility of
" industry and valour." 1 It may be remarked that Ander-
son and others are mistaken when they say the voyage
in 1602 was set forth at the expense of the Russia and
Turkey Companies.

Of the subsequent voyages of Hudson, of Button, By lot,
and Baffin, and others, these papers add comparatively little
to what is already known. The East India Company, about
the year 1611, subscribed 300/. per annum for three years,
" towards the discovery of the North-west passage ;" and
through the recommendation of the Governor, who hoped
they would " not refuse to adventure again somewhat more,
" considering it were dishonourable to withdraw from so
" worthy a work, and that the honour and benefit will be
" great if found," the Company came to a resolution in 1614
to adventure 200/., " so there may be no expectation of any
" further supply." 2

" The wife or widow of Mr. Hudson, who was left in the
" North-west discovery " did not appeal to the East India
Company in vain. She desired their favour for employing
" a youth, a son of his," she being left very poor. The
Company conceived " they were partly obliged in charity
" to give assistance, in regard that his father perished in the
" service of the commonwealth." The youth was recom-
mended to the care of the master's mate of one of their ships,
and 5/. was laid out upon him in apparel and necessaries.
He most probably sailed for the East Indies in 1614. 3

The original grant, in reference to Button's voyage in
1612, with the names of all those who were included in

No. 303. No. 817. a NO. 709, 711.

PREFACE. xxxiii

it, are preserved. 1 A curious letter was written by Lord
Admiral Nottingham in 1604. Capt. Button was supposed
to have died in the Indies, and King James was therefore
induced to give away his pension and the place bestowed
upon him by Queen Elizabeth, " but understanding that
" he is living and safely returned," the King upon petition
granted him the reversion of the pension and place, and in
the meantime a pension of 6s. 8d. per diem. 2

In 1607 Rich. Penkevell had a grant to discover the
passage, but there is no evidence of his having undertaken
any voyage. 3

The name of Bylot occurs but once in this volume, in a
letter from Lord George Carew in April 1615 : " The
" merchants of London for discovery of the North-west
" passage," he informs Sir Thos. Roe, " have set forth a
" small bark victualled for nine months under the charge
" of Robert Bilot, who has been thrice in Hudson's Sound.*' 4
A summary of these early voyages is given in " A true
" declaration of the discovery of the mainlands, islands,
" seas, ports, havens, and creeks, lying in the North-west,
" North, and North-east parts of the world." 5

There was also a great desire in Japan to discover this pas-
sage. Wm. Addames, an Englishman resident there, of whom
we shall have occasion to speak presently, was very anxious
to be employed in the discovery. The Emperor of 'Japan
himself, when Capt. Saris was presented to him to deliver
King James's letters in 1 61 3, asked whether he had not come
for the purpose of discovering the passage ; he spoke with
Saris on the subject, and offered many encouragements if it
were undertaken. In Addames' " simple judgment, if the
" North-west passage be ever discovered it will be disco-
" vered by this way of Japan." Rich. Cocks, the chief
English factor in Japan, warmly seconded Addames in his
project, and declared he would most willingly venture his

1 No. 616. 2 No. 332. 3 No. 358.

4 No. 967. 5 No. 705.

XXXiv PREFACE.

owrt person in the action. 1 In April 1615 the East India
Company had the proposal under consideration. Addames
was held very fit to be employed. The furtherance of the
Emperor of Japan, " so much as he shall be willing to con-
" tribute," was to be solicited, and a pair of globes and maps
sent out.' But, unfortunately, without result. Thos. Ar-
thington, who served under Capt. Newport, was likewise
" very confident of being able to find the North-west
" passage from Japan," and expressed himself to the Com-
pany ready to adventure his life in the action. 3 This same
Capt. Cocks was very desirous to purchase " a book of
" Sir Walter Ralegh's" from an English factor in Siam.
Edward Willmott, in his letter from Firando, in which this
offer is made, in speaking of Sir Walter, says, " surely he
" is a most faithful honest man, and one surely that will
" wrong no man." '

One of the results of the defeat of the Spanish Armada
was, doubtless, to inspire the English mariner and English-
men in general with additional confidence in our national
superiority at sea. It is not surprising, therefore, that no
sooner was the country able to turn attention once more to
the advancement of commerce, than some of the first
English merchants were desirous to try the experiment of
a trade themselves, of which they had heard such marvel-
lous accounts as of the riches accumulated by the Spaniards
in its prosecution. In October 1589, less than one year after
the defeat of the Spanish Armada, a body of English mer-
chants memorialized the Queen for permission to send ships
to trade in India. After surveying the Portuguese settle-
ments on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts, their occupa-
tion of Malacca, the Bandas, and the Moluccas, the memo-
rialists drew attention to the many ports in the countries
bordering on the India and China Seas, and in the peninsula
of India, which might be 'visited with advantage by English

1 Nos. 669, 804, 822. 2 N o . 962.

' No. 772. 4 NO. 1184.

PREFACE. XXXV

ships, and, where it is added, sales might be made of
English cloths, and other staple and manufactured articles,
and the produce of those countries purchased. 1 Elizabeth,
ever alive to the interests of commerce, and ready to give
the weight of her authority, if not at all times of her purse,
to the promulgation of any project calculated to add to the
power of England, granted the desired permission, and three
vessels under the command of Capt. Geo. Raymond sailed
in 1591. Hakluyt has printed an account of this expedition
written from the mouth of Edmund Barker, the lieutenant
on the voyage. Purchas gives another account by Henry
May, the purser ; other writers follow, but all agree that
the ships were severed by a storm, that Capt. Raymond in
the principal ship was never heard of again ; and after extra-
ordinary adventures, and " many grievous misfortunes," the
voyage was only accomplished by Master James Lancaster
in the Rear- Admiral, The Edward. It was not, however,
without effect. True, the adventurers were disappointed in
their speculation, but the knowledge which Capt. Lan-
caster, the survivor, had acquired of the practicability of
the scheme, encouraged others to embark in a similar pro-
ject. It is stated by more than one authority, that " this
experiment" was the first English voyage to the East Indies.
Accounts of two previous voyages may, however, be found
in Purchas as well as Hakluyt ; one undertaken in 1579
by Thos. Stevens, and another begun in 1583 by Ralph
Fitch, " wherein the strange rites, manners, and customs
" of those people, and the exceeding rich trade and com-
" modities of those countries, are faithfully set down and
" diligently described." a

The next adventure " towards the East Indies" of which
there is any account, is " the unfortunate voyage" of Capt.
Benj. Wood in 1596. This is to be found in almost every
collection of voyages. Three ships under Capt. Wood,
fitted out principally at the charges of Sir Robt. Dudley,

1 No. 239. 2 Hakluyt, H. 382-402.

xxxvi PREFACE.

sailed from England, having Queen Elizabeth's letter to the
Emperor of China, but not one of the Company ever re-
turned, " and thus perished the attempt to open a passage
into India." 1 More than two years after, an interesting pas-
sage respecting this little fleet occurs in a letter to Cecil.
In September 1598, news was received that two English
ships in "the India" had taken two Portugal ships, rich
with treasure, on their voyage from Goa to China, and it
was supposed that " Capt. Wood in Mr. Dudley's shipping "
was the captor. 2 Elizabeth, in her letter, which is in Latin,
recommends two English merchants to the Emperor's pro-
tection, and vouches for the probity of their dealings. Her
Majesty desires to be informed, through them, of those in-
stitutions by which the Empire of China had become so
celebrated for the encouragement of trade; and in return the
Queen offers the fullest protection to the Emperor's subjects
should they be disposed to open a trade to any of the ports
in Her Majesty's dominions. This letter must surely have
been the composition of Sir Robt. Cecil, in whose hand
a correction has been made in the title of the King of
China. 3 It is somewhat singular, that one of the names of
these two " merchants and citizens of London," in whom
Elizabeth placed so much confidence, has been hitherto
incorrectly printed. They were Richard Allen and Thos.
Bromficld. 1

It is more than probable that these detached voyages,
coupled with the representations of Capt. Jas. Lancaster,
and with the fact of the Dutch at this period forming
associations for a trade to the East Indies, had the effect
of bringing into union a large number of English merchants
for a similar purpose. " The names of such persons as have
'* written with their own hands to venture in the pretended
" voyage to the East Indies (the which it may please the
" Lord to prosper), and the sums that they will adventure,
" the xxii. September 1599," will show their character and

1 No. 250. No. 254. No. 252.

PREFACE. xxxvii

position and the large amount of the stock underwritten. 1
The association formed, it was resolved to apply to the
Queen for her royal assent to the intended project.
30,133/. 6s. Sd. was subscribed, in sums varying from 3,000/.
to 100/., to be paid in November and December. It was
resolved that the share of every future adventurer should
not be for less than 200/. ; and 12rf. upon every 100/. was
ordered to be paid at once " to defray present petty
charges." 2 A petition to the Council was subsequently
approved, praying to be incorporated into a company, " for
" that the trade of the Indies, being so far remote from
" hence, cannot be traded but in a joint and a united stock,**
arid for a grant with certain privileges, one of which was,
that the Company might have freedom of custom for six
voyages. 3 The petition was favourably received ; 4 and a
few days later Her Majesty's gracious acceptance of the
voyage was reported. But just as everything was about to
be settled, and preparations for the voyage had begun, the
Council declared that it was more beneficial for the general
state of merchandise to entertain a peace between England
and Spain than that it should be hindered " by the standing
" with the Spanish Commissioners, for the maintaining of
" this trade, to forego the opportunity of the concluding of
" the peace." The result was, that the preparations of the
voyage were deferred for one year. 5

Yet although the voyage was put off, the adventurers
were not idle. They drew up " certain reasons why the
" English merchants may trade into the East Indies, espe-
" cially to such rich kingdoms and dominions as are not
" subject to the King of Spain and Portugal." They de-
scribed " the true limits of the Portugals conquest and
" jurisdiction in those Oriental parts;" and distinguished
" the names of the chief known islands and kingdoms
" beyond the Cape of Buena Speran9a, wholly out of the

No. 256. 2 No. 257. , 3 No. 258.

No. 259. 5 No. 260.

PREFACE.

" dominion of the Portuguese and Spaniards," in proof of
which numerous authors were cited. This document was
referred to the celebrated " Foulke Grevil," then Treasurer
of the Navy, for his opinion. His report is preserved, and
the two papers form, perhaps, the most important links in
the events which led to the establishment of the East India
Company. 1

Six months had elapsed ; the basis of an alliance with
Spain had been fixed, though the alliance itself did not take
place till the commencement of the subsequent reign. " The
** adventurers for the East India voyage " again solicited the
Queen's assent to the enterprise, and her furtherance of it,
with " a grant of privilege and other tolerations." They
were commanded " to proceed in their purpose, and accept
" of her certificate as an earnest of a further warrant to be
" afterwards granted to them ;" they therefore agreed to go
forward in the voyage. 2 It is, perhaps, worth recording, that
the name of the first ship purchased was the Susan, for
1,600/. The Court Minutes of the Company supply every
detail in connexion with the preparations for the voyage.
On 16th December, all preparations completed, Capt. Jas.
Lancaster was appointed General or Admiral of the fleet,
though not before a letter had been received from the Lord
Treasurer, " using much persuasion to the Company to
" accept of the employment " of Sir Edward Michelborne
as a principal commander; but the Company immediately
came to a resolution not to employ any gentleman in any
place of charge or command in the voyage, and begged the
Lord Treasurer " to give them leave to sort their business
" with men of their own quality." 3 Capt. John Davis, the
North-west navigator, was chosen second in command under
the title of pilot major, the consent of the Earl of Essex
having been previously given to his employment ; and the
factors and officers were also decided upon. 4 Some idea

1 No. 265, 266. ' No. 267.

3 No. 268. Nos. 267, 279.

PREFACE. xxxix

may be formed of the liberality of the adventurers by
perusing the terms of their agreement with Capt. Davis. 1

The " Charter of Incorporation of the East India Com-
" pany by the name of the Governor and Company of 1
" Merchants of London trading into the East Indies " was
granted on 31st December 1600. 2 It was to remain in force
fifteen years. The names of Geo. Earl of Cumberland, and
two hundred and fifteen knights, aldermen, and merchants,
are inserted as the original members of the Company. Sir
Thos. Smythe is named the first Governor ; and the twenty-
four committees to be elected annually are also named. An-
derson remarks, that " this is the very same East India Com-
" pany which, through many various vicissitudes, existed
" under the same denomination until the year 1708, when
" it was absorbed by the present [1787] United Company
" of Merchants of England trading to the East Indies." 3

The patent secured, and the ships ready furnished, nothing
remained but to take precaution that the venture might
turn out successful. A list of upwards of seventy different
" commodities that are brought out of the East Indies,"
probably obtained by John Chamberlain, 4 who, with some
half-dozen of his family connexions, was interested in the
success of the voyage, must have been of great use to the
Company. Elizabeth's circular letter to " the Kings of
" Sumatra and other places in the East Indies,'* 5 shows that
the importance and advantage which would be attached to
the Queen's introduction to the kings or chiefs of the places
to which the vessels might resort was not overlooked. But
the care of the Company is further illustrated by the fact
that " Mr. Hakluyt, the historiographer of the voyages of
" the East Indies," was frequently consulted by them."
The value of his notes can scarcely be over-estimated,

p. 107. 2 No. 281.

" History of Commerce," II. 197. 4 No. 270.
No. 285. 6 p. 120.

Xl PREFACE.

thoqgh unhappily a copy of them has not been found.
Twenty years before, when Pet and Jack man undertook
their voyage for discovery of a North-east passage, Hakluyt
was applied to by the Muscovy Company to give them the
benefit of his knowledge ; and his subsequent experience
doubtless made his advice of the highest value and
importance. That his abilities were held in high respect
there is ample proof. The East India Company selected
him as their historiographer. More than one instance
occurs in these papers of the practical value of his services. 1
In the grant of 1612 for discovery of the North-west pas-
sage, his name will be found. 2

Purchas has left a record in his Travels of all the early
voyages undertaken by the Company to the East Indies.
Where the originals are now preserved I know not. A
journal or an account of a voyage has been found here and
there ; but although the originals of such journals or accounts
are wanting, the letters written to the Company supply in
most cases every requisite detail.

To carry the reader seriatim through the fortunes of each
voyage as illustrated in this volume would be to write a
fresh history of the East India Company. Attention will,
therefore, be directed to those points only which seem
worthy of special notice.

It seems that the Queen thought the Company "so slack"
in seconding their first voyage that the Council wrote them
a letter of sharp reproof, in which it is hinted that others
were ready to furnish ships for a second voyage, if the
Company did not " use the benefit of their own privileges." 3
The remonstrance of the Council was not without effect :
the preparations for a second voyage were at once renewed
and carried on with vigour.

It is very much to be regretted that several books which
contained original entries of the Company's proceedings

1 pp. 121-2, 272. p. 240. 3 N^. 295-6.

PREFACE. xli

have not been preserved. 1 " All letters to and from the
" Company, and other material writings," were not only
ordered to be registered, but a person, Francis Sadler by
name, was especially appointed to that office. 2 I have not
seen any volume with instructions or letters from the Com-
pany to their officers. The earlier correspondence to the
Company is exceedingly scanty ; not more than a dozen
documents previous to 16 10 have been saved from de-
struction. That many were received which are not now
preserved is evident. 3 From 16 10 they become numerous
in each year. All have been most carefully arranged and
bound in volumes by the authorities at the India Office.
Some of the MS. books were probably lost at a very
early period. In 1614, " certain journals " were wanted
which could not then be found ; and it was ordered that none
should henceforth be lent without copies first having been
taken. Some months later a resolution to the same effect
was passed, "journals having been lost to the great prejudice
" of the Company." 4 Not only is this the case, but there
are unfortunately considerable gaps in the Court Minute
Books. Although the first volume finishes 10th August
1603, 5 the second does not begin till 31st December 1606. 6
From that period until January 16 10 the entries are com-
plete ; then a hiatus of four years occurs, volume the third
beginning with January 16 14. 7 The last entry in that
book is 17th November 1615, but the next Court Book
does not begin before 19th September 1617, 8 so that three
volumes have evidently been lost out of seven. The first
missing volume, between 1606 and 1610, is perhaps of the
most consequence, because the correspondence does not
supply the deficiency, which, in a measure, it fortunately
does, after that date.

1 pp. 149, 151. 2 Nos. 374, 461, 463.

3 pp. 155, 171, 176, 179 et seq. * No. 831, 843, 1016.

No. 322. G No. 356.

7 No. 678. 8 No. 1059.

xlii

PREFACE.

The success of Capt. Lancaster's first voyage is exhibited
in several ways. The customs on the goods brought home
amounted to nearly l,000/. ! But this was not all. Capt.
Lancaster settled factories at Achecn and Bantam. From
the King of Acheen and Sumatra he succeeded in obtaining
the most favourable privileges for English merchants to
trade there, 2 besides being the bearer of a letter from the
King of Acheen to Queen Elizabeth, and presents consisting
of a ruby ring, and two vestures embroidered with gold and
placed within a purple box of china. 8

Encouraged by the success of their first voyage, the
Company conceived " good hope" to set out another for
further discovery. 1 Henry Middleton was appointed Chief
Governor and Lieutenant General of this second voyage ; 4
and license was granted to export 12,000/. in foreign coin,
besides merchandise, for purposes of trade. 5 This voyage
was likewise successful, though there is no evidence that
Middleton settled any new factory. On his arrival at
Bantam that King wrote a most friendly letter to James I.,
in which he thanked His Majesty for the present sent, and
declared, now that James had come to the Crown, that
" England and Bantam were both one." 6 The profits on
these two first voyages are staged in Sir Jeremy Sam-
brooke's report on the East India trade to have amounted
to 9^- per cent, upon the capital subscribed, clear of all
charges.

The third voyage was made with three ships, Capt. Wm.
Keeling being appointed to the chief command, and David
Middleton second/ On this occasion letters were obtained
from King James to the King of Cambaya, the Governors
of Aden, and " two more places not far from Aden."
Ralph Fitch, most probably the same who in 1583 visited
the East Indies, and had experience in " the strange rites,
" manners, and customs of those people," was consulted

1 No. 321.

* No. 330.
7 No. 364.

2 No. 326.
5 No. 329.

3 No. 314.
No. 346.

PREFACE. xliii

as to the titles of these kings and princes, 1 and the advice
and opinion of Sir James Lancaster seems to have been
obtained upon almost every subject of moment in reference
to this third voyage. 2 The ships were to go towards Aden,
and from thence to Bantam and the Moluccas, while one was
to be sent to Guzerat. 3 Wm. Hawkins, " on account of his
" experience and language,'* probably the same " young
Hawkins" who accompanied Fentoninhis voyage in 1582-3,
" was selected to deliver His Majesty's letters to the princes
" and governors of Cambaya." His apparel was to be of
scarlet and violet, and his cloak lined with taffeta and silver
lace. Several copies of the King's letters were translated into
Portuguese, and engrossed by Mr. Segar, the herald, and
plate and cloth to the value of 200 marks were provided as
presents to be sent with them. 4 The authority before quoted
states that the profits on the whole of this voyage amounted
to two hundred and thirty-four per cent, on the original sub-
scription ; 4,500/. was the amount paid for customs. 5

While the East India Company was thus active in in-
creasing their trade, and extending the basis of their opera-
tions by the settlement of factories wherever their ships
arrived and permission could be obtained to leave factors, it
will be as well to see what the Spaniards, the Portuguese,
and the Dutch, all of whom had gained a footing in India
some time before the English attempted to trade there,
thought of the Company's proceedings, and the steps they
took to stop the rapid progress of England towards a per-
manent settlement in many of the countries with which they
had long held intercourse. As early as 1604 the Spaniards
seriously felt the power of the Dutch, who, if we are to
believe Thos. Wilson's report from Bayonne to Sec. Cecil,
" quite spoiled their commerce in the south parts," and " no
" man dared budge forth or venture anything." In short
according to a letter received from Goa, the Spanish trade in

1 No. 356. 2 No. 357 et seq. 3 p. 146.

4 Nos. 361-2. 5 No. 373.

xliv PREFACE.

those par's was considered ruined. 1 In 1607 the losses of the
Spaniards were reported to have been so great in the East
Indies, by the hands of the Dutch, that it was then thought
*' in those places a wound almost incurable/' 2 Yet the .Span-
ish Government at home were determined, if possible, to
uphold their sway in India. The Conde de Lemos, " Presi-
" dent of the Council for the Indies," declared to the English
ambassador at Madrid that the Spaniards would appropriate
their dominions in India to themselves, and exclude all
others ; that they were " resolved never to take the English
" for friends, nor allow them for traders that should resort
" thither." 3 Two years later the English resident at Lisbon
doubted whether the King of Spain would send any more
shipping to trade in the East Indies, but rather give leave to
all nations to do so upon paying a duty of 50 per cent, on
all goods inwards and outwards. 4 With the Portuguese the
case was little different. Although Philip III. governed Por-
tugal with Spain, the Portuguese still carried on a brisk trade
to India from the port of Lisbon ; they had a Viceroy in
Goa, and were powerful in several important places in India.
So strong were they in Cambaya that the Company were
recommended by no means to send any vessels there. 5

The Dutch " did much service " in securing several places
which the Portuguese threatened to overrun, and turn both
the English and Dutch out. They had a few months before,
engaged the Portuguese armada, consisting of 26 vessels, in
a " very hot fight," which lasted several days, the Portuguese
Admiral being taken prisoner. The Dutch did not attain
their object, the possession of Malacca ; but the battle was
a very bloody one, and the losses very great on both sides.
The Dutch in these fights lost upwards of 600 men and two
great ships/'

The Dutch were thus bent on expelling, if possible,
the Portuguese as well as the Spaniards from their strong-

> No 337. 2 No. 380. a No. 371.

< No. 432. i No. 386. e No . 369.

PREFACE. xlv

holds in the Indies, and in this desire the English joined. The
Dutch were at that time reported to " bear the greatest sway
in those parts.' 1 The " relation of their successes in the
'* East Indies " was made the subject of a communication
by their Ambassador in London to the English Government. 2
Nevertheless, it turned out that the English had more
reason to complain of their supposed friends, the Dutch, than
of their sworn enemies, the Spaniards and Portuguese. The
latter, always carefully guarded against, were but a partial
hindrance to English enterprise in India ; the former, by pre-
tensions of friendship, though actions of an opposite character,
were nearly the cause of the ruin of our trade in those parts,
and the dissolution of the English East India Company.

The fourth voyage, which consisted of two ships, under
the command of Alex. Sharpey and Rich, Rowles, 3 turned
out very unfortunate. One of the vessels, the Ascension,
was wrecked on the coast of India ; the other, the Union, on
the coast of France, purposely by the people of Audierne in
bringing her into the haven. 4 The value of the Union and
her goods was estimated at 70,000/. In 1616, 7>000/. had
been spent in continually suing for justice, yet no remedy
could be obtained. 5

As soon as the Company found that they had established
a trade in India they directed their attention to a renewal of
their charter. This was granted by the King in May 1609 ; 6
but instead of limiting their exclusive privileges to 15 years,
as Queen Elizabeth had done, " the whole, entire, and only
" trade and traffic to the East Indies " was granted to the
Company for ever ; and by a prohibitory clause all persons
were enjoined not to trade within the Company's limits
except by licences obtained from them under their common
seal ; it was, however, added, that if the trade should not be
found profitable to the realm, such exclusive privileges were
to cease and determine after three years warning.

* No. 369. 2 Nos. 350-1. 3 No. 394.

* Nos. 513, 577. 5 No. 1143. 6 Nos. 440, 448.

x lvi PKKFACE.

This new charter gave such encouragement to the Com-
pany that they immediately set about to build the largest
merchant ship in England.

On the very day the new patent was signed the Governor
admitted the Ixrnl Treasurer, Lord Admiral, the Lords of
Worcester, Southampton, and many other important persons,
freemen of the Company. 1 A brace of bucks, sent by the
Earl of Southampton " to make merry withal in regard of
" their kindness in accepting him of their Company," was
the occasion of the first public dinner given by the Company. 2
The Karl of Southampton promised afterwards to signalise
their annual election with a similar present; 3 and Lord Mont-
eagle was pleased to be made free of the Company on the
same conditions as Lord Southampton. 4

An oath was ordered to be administered to each freeman,
in which he pledged himself not to betray the secrets and
" privities of the Company ;" 5 and rules were made for the
sale of adventures, it being particularly stated that the
Company were to have the first refusal of the shares to be
sold." While on this subject it will not be out of place to
notice the prices which certain adventures sold by the Com-
pany realised at different times: In July 1614 an adven-
ture of 60/. in the sixth voyage was " sold by the candle " for
130/. 7 In December of the same year adventures for 600/.
in the 9th voyage were sold in a similar manner ; the highest
bidding being 194/. for each 100/. ; the lowest 192/. 8 In
October 1615, three adventures in the joint stock of 200/.
were sold for 1411. 10s. and 141 /. 155. per 100/. ; the object
of such sale that the Company " may better know the
4 * worth of their adventures." 9

"The largest merchant ship" ahead} 1 - mentioned finished
and ready to l>e launched, great preparations were made to

1 No. 443. a No. 448. a No. 463.

4 p. 196. * No. 444. 6 Xo. 458.

7 No. 746. No. 857. 9 No. 1031.

PREFACE. xlvii

celebrate the event. The King signified his intention to be
present, and to give the ship her name. 1 A " silk ancient,"
emblazoned with the Company's arms in silk or in metal, 2
was ordered ; and, that nothing might be wanting to give eclat
to the proceedings, it was resolved to invite His Majesty to
a banquet. 3 The arrangements complete, the ship was suc-
cessfully launched on 30th December 160Q. The King
named her the " Trades Increase " ; salutes were duly fired ;
and His Majesty, the Queen, and the Prince were present
at the grand banquet ; it was served on board "on china
" dishes.". Chamberlain, in one of his amusing chatty letters,
tells us that on this occasion the King graced Sir Thos.
Smythe with a great chain of gold, and put a medal about
his neck with His Majesty's own hands. 4 In spite of these
rejoicings the ship was doomed to be unfortunate. On her
first voyage her commander, Sir Henry Middleton, 5 was
taken prisoner by the Turks in Mocha. All the circum-
stances are detailed in the correspondence. 6 On her second
voyage the ship was wrecked, and Sir Henry died. 7

It is a circumstance worth notice that at this particular
time all the Company's officers and servants in the East
Indies were ordered to reserve for the King " all strange
41 fowls and beasts, &c." to be found there. 8

A curious idea seems to have originated with James I.
about this period. Letters are read to the Company from
the Lord Mayor and the Lord Treasurer, " intimating that
*' His Majesty, having lately made a treaty with the French
" King, is inclined to establish a company of English mer-
<l chants in France." 9 What was the result of this proposal
we are unable to say ; but it is more than probable that the
French, " who had long aspired to make themselves strong
"" by sea,'* took this opportunity, and " set on foot this
" invention, a society to trade into the East Indies," with a

i No. 463. - No. 465. 3 No. 472.

4 Nos. 474, 476. 5 No. 482. 6 No. 501 et seq. See also No. 603.

7 Nos. 730-1, 862. 8 p. 191. 9 p. 195.

xlviii PREFACE.

stock of four millions of crowns. A letter from the English
resident at Paris, dated December 1609, adds that " Low
" Country seamen were engaged at great pay, and many of
" their ships bought." ! Strong remonstrances were made
against the project by the Dutch ; and the French were
assured that if they proceeded in it to the prejudice of the
State, the Dutch would be driven to do justice on their own
people in their own territories, board the French ships
wherever they met them, and hang all Flemings found in
them. 2 This well-timed remonstrance had doubtless the
desired effect ; the project was abandoned. Five years
later, in 1614, accounts were received of the preparations in
France of another voyage to the East Indies, with letters
patent from the French King, 3 but it led to no result.*

It is therefore evident that France was equally desirous
with England, Portugal, Holland, and Spain to have trade
with the East Indies. The only reference in this volume
to Germany in connexion with the East Indies is made
by the Spanish President of the Council for the Indies to
the English ambassador at Madrid. He argues that the
Spaniards had found by experience that the access of
French, Germans, Hollanders, and English had sown among
the people of those parts, but newly seasoned with the
Catholic faith, such a mixture and confusion of diversity of
sects and opinions as, once tasted, were hardly possible to
be rooted out.' 1 If we may judge from the care taken by
the East India Company in the selection of their preachers,
they were very desirous not to increase this confusion.
Every minister previous to his appointment was required
to preach before the Governor and the Committee ; some-
times a text was chosen by them. 6 In one instance a
Mr. Sturdivant, nominated by Dr. Lay field, was conceived
unfit for the Company's employment, because it was re-
ported " he hath a straggling humour, can frame himself

1 No. 469. a No. 478. * p. 273.

< Nos. 1002, 1007. i No. 371. Nos. 431, 704.

PEEFACE. xlix

" to all company as he finds men affected, and delighteth
" in tobacco and wine." 1 The Company in 1614 had
" preachers " at Bantam and Surat, as most probably in
other places. Mr. Evans, " of Little St. Helen's," was
recommended to live at Bantam, a preacher having been
provided for Surat. 2 Mr. Leske, a correspondent of Sir
Thos. Roe, English ambassador with the Great Mogul,
was sent to Surat, " where he may oppose the Jesuits, who
' are busy there." 3 Some insight into the views of the
Company respecting the conversion of the Indians may be
obtained from the following minute : " The Indian youth
" brought home by Capt. Best, and taught by Mr. Cop-
" land to read and write, to be sent to school and instructed
" in religion, that hereafter he may be sent home to convert
" some of his own nation." 4 We are told in a letter from
Patrick Copland, written a year afterwards, that this Indian
youth " had profited in the knowledge of the Christian
" religion, so that he is able to render an account of his
" faith." The Archbishop of Canterbury was consulted
as to his baptism. It was thought " fit to have it publicly
" effected, being the first fruits of India ;" yet they desired
the Archbishop's opinion " before they resolved anything in
" so weighty a business." 5 There is an instance of a " very
" dissolute scape-thrift" who, discontented with his state }
" capitulated his soul to the devil by turning accursed
" Mahometan." 6

The rapid progress in the extension of the Company's
trade during the next seven years, that is from 1609, the
date of the new charter, to 16 16, the period at which this
volume concludes, is clearly defined in the letters from the
several commanders, factors, and other officers to the Go-
vernor and Committees. To almost every place where there
was the least likelihood of obtaining a communication with
the natives, English vessels resorted, in most instances with
success ; and where this was not so, the cause was rather

1 p. 286. 2 p. 284. 3 No. 812.

4 p. 316. 5 No. 1007. 6 No. 1174.

1 PREFACE.

attributable to the conduct of the Dutch than to the Com-
pany's neglect of the necessary precautions, the English
being almost invariably received with courtesy and even
kindness wherever they went. The Company never lost
sight of the danger of attack from Spaniards or Portuguese.
Care was always taken, before trading or settling in a new
country, to ascertain the feeling of the natives, and in most
cases leave or " licence " was granted for the English to do
as they liked. From the Dutch no dangers were anticipated;
and thus the surprise of the Company was the greater at
their failure in carrying on a trade with the Moluccas, and in
taking advantage of those privileges which the inhabitants
themselves fruitlessly wished the English to enjoy.

In Surat the timid policy of the Governor, " whose dispo-
" sition savoured more of child than man," * was very dis-
advantageous to the English. He feared the enmity of the
Portuguese, and mistrusted the friendship of the English,
and, with characteristic indecision, argued that if he " broke "
with the former, he " should be sure of the friendship of
" neither." 3 The arrival of an English fleet under the
command of Capt. Thos. Best materially altered the aspect
of affairs. The Portugals, fearing the ascendancy of the
English, attacked the Company's ships with four galleons
and 25 frigates, but " were forced to a dishonorable flight,
" having had killed by report some 200, while the English
" had only throe slain." 3 Articles were afterwards concluded
by Capt. Best, confirmed by the Great Mogul, for permission
to trade and settle factories in Surat, Cambaya, Ahmedabad,
Goga, " or any other parts of the country within the Great
Mogul's dominions." 4 Thos. Keridge, a factor, was dis-
patched to Agra to deliver James I.'s letter to the Great
Mogul, or King of Agra, as he was called. He was admitted
to the King's chamber, " where he sat on his bed newly
" risen from sleep." Keridge complains of being slighted,
and attributes the cause to his coming empty handed. " No

1 No. 788. 2 XQ. 584.

a No. 640. -i No. 674. i.

PREFACE. li

" other treatment," he says, "is to be expected without
" continual gifts both to the King and others." The
character of the Great Mogul is described as extremely,
proud and covetous, a drunkard, and so given to vice that
the chief captains care not for him, and willingly would
never come near him. He appears to have been fond of
music, and was " exceedingly delighted " to hear Robt.
Trully's cornet, though virginals "were not esteemed,"
probably on account of the way in which Lawes played
upon them, for " it is thought Lawes died with conceit " at
the King's indifference. 1 When Sir Thos. Roe went over
the following year, in 1615, he took with him " a skilful per-
" son upon the harp, and some virginals," the Emperor
delighting much in such kinds of music. 2

The Company followed up the advantages they had gained.
Edwardes was sent over as lieger, with " great presents " to
the Great Mogul, including pictures of King James and his
Queen, and " one that will content the Mogul above all, the
" picture of Tamberlaine, from whence he derives himself." :
He was instructed to procure the Mogul's firman " for kind
" usage of the English, free trade, and so forth." This was
granted. 4

We have seen that " continual gifts" to the Great Mogul
were necessary. " Something or other, though not worth
" two shillings, must be presented every eight days/' writes
the chief factor at Ajmere. The Great Mogul was exceed-
ingly delighted with anything strange, though of small value.
Rich gloves, embroidered caps, purses, looking and drinking
glasses, curious pictures, knives, striking clocks, coloured
beaver hats or silk stockings for his women, were among
the articles which the lieger was advised to bring with him
to court ; and, continues the factor, " if [you have] a jack
" to roast meat on, I think he would like it, or any toy of
" new invention." Presents were equally necessary for the
nobility. 5 The list of " particulars desired " by the Go-

i No. 650. 2 Nos. 772, 1086.. * No. 778.

4 No. 790. . 5 Nos. 638, 799, 801, 946.

Ill PREFACE.

vernor of Surat, and handed to Capt. Downton, included
two suits of armour, swords, mastiffs, greyhounds, spaniels,
and little dogs. 1 On his arrival, Edwardes presented the
Mogul with Sir Thos. Smythe's picture, " which," writes the
lieger, " he esteemed so well for the workmanship, that the
" day after he sent for all his painters in public to see the
" same, who did admire it, and confessed that iione of them
" could anything near imitate the same, which makes him
" prize it above all the rest, and esteem it for a jewel." It
" seems the Mogul's picture was drawn in England," and sent
to Ajmere, but it was *' nothing like him, and served for no
" use at all." The Company were advised to send pictures
" well wrought, those of France, Germany, Flanders, &c.
" being fittest for that purpose." Sir Thos. Roc said they
would " sell best here of any part in the world." 1 The
Mogul was also presented with an English mastiff, which
greatly pleased him. By his orders it fought with a tiger
or a leopard (for both are mentioned), which the mastiff
killed, and also with a bear which some dogs sent by the
King of Persia would not touch, and " so disgraced the
" Persian dogs, whereby the King was exceedingly pleased."
Two or three mastiffs, a couple of Irish greyhounds, and a
couple of well-fed water spaniels, the Company were in-
formed, " would give him great content." 4 The dogs were
most probably sent. 5 A coach and horses were also dis-
patched for a present on another occasion to the Great
Mogul, with a coachman who had been in the service of the
Bibliop of Lichfield, " to drive the coach." The Great
Mogul, although he expected so many things to be given
to him, was a considerable purchaser of the Company's
goods. " Pearls, rubies, and emeralds will be bought by
" the King in infinite quantities," writes a factor from Agra,
" as also rich velvets, cloth of gold, rich tapestry, satins,
" damasks, &c.," 7 and he adds, " the King is the best
" paymaster in the country."

1 No. 797. 2 No. 848. 3 Nos. 946, 1 169. i. * Nos. 917, 946.

* No. 1021. Nos. 788, 864, 1086, 1189. ? No. 1175.

PREFACE. liil

The Portuguese had "made themselves odious" by
.seizing " a great ship of 1,100 or 1,200 tons in Swally road,
" worth from 100,000/. to 130,000/.," and in which the
Great Mogul's mother was a great adventurer. This act
caused the Great Mogul to drive them out of Surat, and to
join forces with the King of Deccan to besiege most of the
forts belonging to the Portuguese between Surat and Goa. 1
This offence was never forgotten nor forgiven. The Por-
tugal city of Damaun was besieged, and orders were given
to seize all Portuguese and their goods ; their church doors
were sealed up, the exercise of their religion forbidden, and
Xavier, the great Jesuit, whom before the King had loved,
was imprisoned. 2 Every means were used by them to
compound a peace with the Great Mogul, but he would by
no means hear of it, " forewarning all men any more to
" solicit their cause;" 3 and so strong was the feeling of the
natives against them, that " they vowed they would not
" leave the Portugals until they had expelled them their
" countries." 4 Capt. Downton thereupon resolved to take
advantage of a favorable opportunity, and to engage the
Portuguese fleet, consisting of nine ships, two galleys, and
fifty-eight frigates. The English were victorious ; many of
the gallants of Portugal were killed, besides above 300 men
carried in the frigates to Damaun to be buried. 5 The Great
Mogul was highly pleased at the result of this battle ; he
" much applauded our people's resolution, saying his
" country was before them to do therein whatsoever
" ourselves desired," and spoke " very despitefully and
" reproachfully of the Portugals." 6

In June 1615 the English ambassador at Madrid, in speak-
ing of the combination of the kings and princes of the East
Indies against the Portuguese, says that he knows the wisest
in Madrid are of opinion that the Portuguese hazard losing
the greatest part of what they hold in those countries, their

i Nos. 663, 811, 855. 2 No. 763. 3 No. 788.

4 No. 859. 5 Nos. 931, 935. No. 946.

Kv PREFACE.

trade having infinitely decayed, and the kingdom of Portugal
grown so extremely poor that they will be scarcely able
to send succours thither ; and Sir John Digby adds, the
Spaniards are little troubled with these misfortunes, nor apt
to relieve them. 1 The .same ambassador a little later pro-
phetically remarks, * I little doubt but by God's blessing
" and our own perseverance, the chief profit of those coun-
" tries may be diverted towards our own kingdom." s

The " wrongs " suffered by the English at the hands of
the Governor of Surat had been for some time a frequent
source of complaint. The victories of the English failed to
put a stop to them. The factors' goods were seized and
used at the pleasure of Mocrob Chan. Their arms of de-
fence were taken from them, they were forced to show the
King's presents, which they had certified the court should
not be seen ; and other indignities were heaped upon them
" by " this malicious wretch," 3

But the time was arriving for them to cease. Sir Thos.
Smythe proposed to the Company in London " to employ
" Sir Thos. Roe at Agra, he being a gentleman of pregnant
" understanding, well spoken, learned, industrious, of a
" comely personage, and one of whom there are great hopes
" that he may work much good for the Company.'' Roe's
fitness to be about the Emperor was the subject of discus-
sion. It was necessary " to procure and confirm the most
" beneficial articles and privileges ; to obtain from the
" Great Magore an absolute settlement, and bv fair means
" to obtain a quiet and peaceable trade." 4 Others were
proposed, but none esteemed so fitting for that service as
Sir Thos. Roe. 5 He sailed early in 1615. 6 In June a
letter from Saldanha speaks of " the Lord Ambassador
" setting up a pillar at the Cape with an inscription of his
" embassy." 5 On his arrival at Surat, Sir Thos. Roe at
once made his " demands and complaints " to the Governor.

1 No. 986. 8 No. 1080. No*. 846, 847. * No*. 765, 770.

4 No. 772. No. 891. 7 No. 991.

PREFACE. l v

He detailed wrongs and violence, and declared that unless
they were reformed he should be forced to complain to the
Great Mogul, as he could no longer rely on the Governor's
promises. 1 His remonstrance was ineffectual, and he wrote x
to the Governor perhaps one of the most characteristic
letters in the volume. " I come hither," he says, " not to
" beg, nor do, nor suffer injury. I serve a King that is
" able to revenge whatever is dared to be done against his
" subjects." After describing the injuries received, Roe
declares that he will seek no further friendship from him,
but go with speed to the Great Mogul and desire justice.
" I am better resolved to die upon an enemy than to flatter
" him, and for such I give you notice to take me until your
" master hath done me justice." 2 This vigorous conduct
had its desired effect ; the Governor was displaced. 3 The
next day he also wrote to the Viceroy of Goa, com-
plaining of injuries offered to the subjects of the King of
England, and giving him notice that His Majesty was re-
solved to maintain his subjects in their honest endeavours,
in spite of an enemy, and to that purpose had sent Roe to
conclude a league with the Great Mogul for ever, in which
he was commanded to offer the Viceroy " comprisure ; "
that he will await hs answer at Ajmere forty days, but in
case of his refusal or silence, letters of reprisal will be
granted to make war upon him in all parts of the Indies,
" when you shall not be able to look out of your ports,
" much less to attempt to injure us ... Your friend or
" enemy at your own choice." 4 No reply was received, and
" Roe pronounced open war against the Portugals in the
" East Indies, with fire and sword, in the name of the King
" of England." Capt. Keeling seized three Portuguese ships
on his return from Surat, " having first settled a factory at
" Calicut, which is thought will prove a matter of great
" moment." 5

1 No. 1028. 2 No. 1035. * No. 1086.
4 No. 1036. 5 No. 1137.

Ivi PREFACE.

Besides Surat, the English had factories at Agra, Ahme-
dabad, Baroach, and Ajmere. Late in 1G16 Ambassador
Iloe, when reporting to the Company his opinion concerning
new factories in Bengala, advises that goods should be sent
from Agra to Surat by cart, and not by camel. 1

On the eastern coast the Company settled factories at
Masulipatam and Pettapoli. 2 A curious instance of the
difficulty of collecting money for goods purchased occurred
at Masulipatam. Finding it difficult to obtain payment of
a debt of about 9>000 ryals due from the Governor's son,
the English factor had him carried aboard one of the Com-
pany's ships, in spite of 1,000 of his people, " to the Com-
" pany's benefit, the honor of our King and country, and to
" the great content of all the Moors ;" he was kept under
restraint six days before the money was paid. 3

Besides the places already mentioned in the Peninsula of
India, where the East India Company had established
factories, the most important islands in the Indian Ocean
had not been overlooked. In Sumatra the Company had
trade with seven of the chief cities or ports ; in Borneo with
four ; and in Java likewise with four principal towns. In
Macassar, in the Celebes, a factory had been settled ; and
with the kingdoms of Malacca, Camboja, Pegu, Siam, and
Cochin China they had more or less trade.

Acheen, Baros, Passaman, Pedir, Priaman, and Tiku,
besides Jambee, were the chief places in Sumatra with
which the East India Company traded.

All sorts of difficulties in keeping up a trade with Acheen
had to be surmounted. The Hollanders used every possible
endeavour to debar the English from it, " but the more they
sought the less they prevailed." 4 The factor chosen to follow
the "court business" unfortunately turned out very unfit for
his office. His proud and disdainful carriage to the King and
nobility caused him to be thrust out of the court, and after-

1 Xos. 1177, 1187. J Nos. 596, 662.

3 Nos. 877, 1004. No. 639.

PREFACE Ivii

wards out of the King's barge. On one occasion he narrowly
escaped being killed with a spear by the king's commands for
his " cross answers " to the King. 1 The King of Acheen is
described as very cruel, very griping, base, and covetous, as
well as his people, whom he keeps in great slavedom ; as
" taking great delight in dogs, and also in drinking and
" making men drunk." The King of Jhor, now at Acheen,
" having married that King's sister, they often drink drunk
" together." s At first the settling of English factories at
Tiku and Priaman were utterly refused, the King saying
that it would be the undoing of his own subjects, the chief
officers relieving themselves by bribing and trading to
those parts ; and it was not without considerable diffi-
culty that factories were obtained for two years under
certain restrictive conditions. 3 At Jambee the Hollan-
ders reported that the English were " a rude and un-
" governed nation, given to drunkenness and abusing of
" women, quarrelling, fighting, and such like." 4 Yet the
English were " entertained with much show of love and
" friendship both of the King and country people," though
the King dissuaded them from settling a factory. 5 An
English factory was, however, established, and Rich. Westby
left chief factor. 6

A singular proposition of the " King of Sumatra " was
submitted for the Company's consideration at two meetings
in November 1614. The King, wishing to manifest his af-
fection to the English nation, desired King James " to grant
" him one of his subjects for wife, with sundry proffers
" of privileges to such issue as God should send unto
" them." A gentleman of " honourable parentage " proffered
his daughter, " a gentlewoman of most excellent parts for
" music, her needle and good discourse, as also very
" beautiful and personable.'* The proposal was entertained.
It was thought, among other things, to be " a means for the

1 No. 998. 2 Nos. 647, 1029. 3 Nos. 1058, 1084, 1131.

* No. 1020. 5 Nos. 1038, 1041. No. 1089.

Iviii PREFACE.

" propagation of the Gospel, and very beneficial to this
" country by a settled trade there." Her father was to take
her, and remain with her in the country ; and " the action
" itself" was referred to the " learned fathers of the Church,"
to be " approved and held lawful. They appear to have
raised objections. But the young lady's father" collected
certain reasons to prove by Scripture the lawfulness of the
enterprize, which were held by the Company " to be very
" pregnant and good." Further arguments were satisfactorily
answered by the father, among others " that the rest of the
" women appertaining to the King, if they shall find the
" King's favour extraordinary unto her, will not leave until
" they have poisoned her ;" and " it was thought it would
" prove a very honourable action to this land," if the father
" could work His Majesty's consent." 1 Perhaps he could
not, as there is no further mention of the subject.

In Borneo the Company were carrying on trade with
more or less success at Landak, Banjermassin, Sambas,
and Succadana.

The best diamonds in the world were said to be procured
from Succadana, Japara, Gressycq. and Macassar. 2

The people of Landak were very desirous for the English
to settle a factory in their country, but it turned out to be
by no means easy of accomplishment. The river, which
reached upwards of 100 leagues, 3 was swarmed by a people
called Dyaks, whose savageness was such that they " lie in
" the rivers on purpose to take off the heads of all they can
" overcome." Two attempts were made to settle a factory.
On the first attempt, three Englishmen " were assailed by
" 1,000 men, but the Dyaks, not used to powder and
" shot, were fain to run ashore." On the second attempt
nine Englishmen went up the river, and were used very
kindly by their " old customers," though it was thought to
be more for fear than love. At Sambas a factory was

1 Nos. 789, 812. No. 522. a Xo. 748.

PREFACE. lix

settled without difficulty, 1 but " the trade of the country
" being nothing answerable to the great charges and
" dangers," the English factor shipped all his goods and
slaves in the night for Succadana. The same factor early
in 1615 went to Banjermassin. There he found the people
very sociable, very kind and tractable ; their language
Malay, their habit Java. He reports favorably of the
trade, and says their diamonds are as good as those of
Landak. 2 Diamonds were frequently sold by the Company
in London ; one " great diamond " realized 535/. 3

At Java, the East India Company had factories in
Bantam, Gracia, Jacatra, and Japara.

The unhealthiness of Bantam was a frequent source of
complaint. Capt. Downton in 1613 declared that " he
" that escapes without disease from that stinking stew of
" the Chinese part of Bantam must be of a strong consti-
" tution of body." 4 The chief factor there, designated it
" a most unhealthy country." 5 Capt. David Middleton re-
ported "great mortality among the factors;" 6 and Capt. Best
advised the Company to leave Bantam, and make their ren-
dezvous at Jacatra, about five leagues off, " the air being
" much more healthy, and the King [of Jacatra] desirous of
" proffering them all kindness, where they shall pay but
" 3| per cent, customs, instead of 5f per cent, as at Ban-
" tarn." 7 These representations seem at length to have
had the desired effect. The factors in 1614 were directed
to deal with the King of Jacatra, to " prevent those mis-
" chiefs ;" yet not to quit Bantam wholly, but keep a small
factory there for providing pepper. 8 It was thought also
that the Flemings might in such case have the opportunity
to keep the English away altogether ; " whereas no place
" can perform so much on the sudden as Bantam, for the
" furnishing of the Company's ships that want lading." 9

1 No. 760. 2 No. 1076. 3 p. 285.

4 No. 646. . 5 No. 683. ? No. 906.

7 p. 299. 8 p. 319. . 9 p. 314.

Ix PREFACE.

The first English factory settled at Macassar, although
favoured by the king of the country, 1 met with disaster.
The year after it was dissolved. Chauncey, the chief
factor, fled in a Dutch ship, " leaving goods to the matter of
" 2,000 ryals." A " pitiful tragedy," played at Macassar
by the Hollanders, -who " murdered the King's most dearly
" loved nephew more like cannibals than Christians," caused
the King to make a vow that no Christians should ever trade
in his country again. All the Portuguese were commanded
hence, but " through wise management the English were
u allowed to trade." 2

In Malacca the Company do not seem to have settled
anv factories. The English factor at Tiku reported to
the East India Company that " good might be done at
** Jhor by sending a pinnace there ; but," he adds, " the
" English have not yet learnt the right description of
" that place or of Pegu." 3 On a previous occasion the
King of Jhor sent a letter to the King of Jambee not to
entertain the English, " for they were a vile people, drunk-
" ards and thieves." This letter, the Governor of the
East India Company was assured, " was procured by the
" Flemings." 4

In Patani the English were honorably received by the
Queen and country people, " but with some disgust and
" distaste from the Dutch." About twenty miles up the
river, at Bankok, they were also well received; and 100 miles
further, at the city of Siam, the King as well as the people
furnished them with everything they required, including a
stone house three stories high. Such treatment \vas quite
contrary to the wishes of the Dutch. 5 Capt. Best, writing
from Acheen in July 1613, says that he had received letters
from ambassadors of Siam in the name of their kings for the
safe trade of the English nation in his kingdom, as also a
letter to the King of England to move him to send ships

1 No. 716. 2 Nos. 1004, 1056. 3 No. 1029.

< No. 1090. 5 No. 771.

PREFACE. Ixi

thither, with assurances of good entertainment. 1 In March
1614 the East India Company came to a resolution to settle
more factories, " hoping to beat out a trade at Siam, Patani,
" and other places," and it was at the same time determined"
to appoint a greater number of factors. 2

In Camboja a factor was resident. He was directed to
dig the river a fathom deep at the water-side, according to
express orders from the King of Siam to all his people and
the strangers of other nations trading into his country, that
every one dwelling at the water-side should be at his proper
charge for doing so. 3

The attempt to open a trade with Cochin China was very
disastrous. A cargo of goods worth 728/. -was taken
there from Japan, under the direction of two English factors,
who carried King James's letter with them, and were at first
kindly entertained with large promises ; but it seemed " the
u Hollanders must needs also make a voyage there." The
King of Cochin China purchased some of the commodities ;
but while on their way to receive payment, the King sent a
great boat after them, which forcibly ran against their little
boat, and overturned it. " Both English, Dutch, and Japans,
" their followers," were " cut all to pieces," and " killed in the
" water with harping irons like fishes." It was " generally
" reported that the King of Cochin China did this to be
" revenged on the Hollanders," who had burnt a town and
slain many of the King's subjects not many years before.
The original cause was said to have been " a great quantity
" of false dollars bartered away by the Hollanders for com-
" modities." Of five [Englishmen ?] who left Firando only
two returned. Tempest Peacocke, a factor, was slain.
" His valour in opposing the country people at Priarnan, to
" the hazard of himself and safeguard of the Company's
" men on shore," had, shortly before this melancholy event,
been brought before the notice of the East India Company *

No. 647. 2 p. 285.

Nos. 1 1 10, 1 1 18, 1 170. 4 x os . 69 5 } 75^ 753, 80 4, 823.

Ixii PREFACE.

In the " spice islands," or the Moluccas, the success of
the East India Company was very different to what they
had usually experienced elsewhere. From the onset, the
Hollanders appear to have been determined to prevent the
English from having communication with any of those
islands. When they did so, and were well received, as the
English invariably were, the Hollanders with overwhelming
force compelled the English ships to depart, and where they
were sufficiently powerful forbad the natives trading with
them. It is worthy of remark, by the way, that as the
English ultimately gained possession of almost all the places
with which they traded in the Peninsula of India, so they
either lost or resigned nearly all those in the several islands
in the Indian Ocean where they at first carried on trade, in
some instances not inconsiderable.

The East India Company, "having long endured notorious
" injuries" were at length in 161 1 " enforced to break silence
" and complain of their griefs." In their petition they
implore the Lord Treasurer's assistance and mediation with
the States for redress. 1 The English ambassador at the
Hague was instructed to make the proper remonstrance in
the Assembly of the States General. 2 The result was that
Dutch commissioners were sent to London in March 1613.
The conferences lasted two months, but as nothin^ would

be satisfactorily settled the King advised that they should
be referred to a future treaty. 3 The English Company in
the meantime were not wholly relying upon the success of the
negotiations with the Dutch Government. They dispatched
a vessel to Bachian, one of the Moluccas, early in 1613, but
could get " no trade there because of the sway of the
" Flemings." The island of Machian, which was offered to
Sir Henry Middleton by the inhabitants, who expected for
three years his return, they were at length forced to yield to
the Flemings. The people desired to trade with the English,
but the Flemings sent great ships to prevent it, and threatened

1 No. 591. a XQ. 601. a K .

PREFACE. Ixiii

the islanders \vith punishment. At Tidore and Tern ate it
Avas hoped the Company would not "put up with such
" insupportable injuries.*' 1

In a conference with the Dutch ambassador a proposal
was made, which, if carried out, would have been as fatal
to the real interests of the English Company as that which
the Hollanders insisted upon throughout these negotiations,
of the two Companies forming one joint stock. It was
that the Hollanders may make use of trading to Cambaya,
and the Company to the Moluccas, in such manner that
no places may be overlayed." 2 In every letter received
from the English factors the accounts were the same. The
Bandanese protested that they would live and die with the
English, for they have open wars with the Dutch. 3 The
people of Pooloway desired the English to relieve them
from the oppression and cruelty of the Dutch. 4 These
accounts had their effect. In 1615 a voyage was undertaken
to Amboyna, with instructious to settle a factory at Banda.*
The Company at home encouraged their factors in the
attempt, " supposing that although the Hollanders threaten
" to take any who do but peep into those parts, they will
" be better advised than to proceed with open force to make
" the English their enemies." 6 In the meantime Commis-
sioners were sent to the Hague, 7 where they arrived in
January 1615. 8 The King expressed his "dislike to the
" Company refusing to join with the Dutch, if they should
" fall upon a joint stock," but the Company secretly resolved
to prevent it if possible. 9 The Commissioners returned to
London in May 1615, but nothing was effected. They
informed the Company that the Dutch had fifty-one ships
in the East Indies, a stock of 900,00(V. sterling, and owed
400,000/. sterling at interest, which, they add, " is a great
" discouragement to their adventurers." 10 Still Sir Noel

i No. 671. 2 No. 691. No. 724. 4 No. 754.

s No. 888. 6 No. 972. * Nos. 854-5, 860. No. 874.

9 No. 864. 10 No. 976.

Ixiv PREFACE.

Caron, the Dutch ambassador, kept up negotiations in
London. The groundwork of the Dutch propositions was
to have l,l()o,00()/. or 1,2()0,00()/. put into stock by the two
Companies together. Caron used every persuasion to induce
the Company to join in stock with the Dutch. The Com-
pany drew up reasons, " for the King's better satisfaction,"
to show "the inconveniences and impossibilities " of accept-
ing the Dutch propositions ; and at the same time that he
was " thanked for his pains," the Dutch ambassador was
plainly informed that the Company could not join with
his nation, yet they " desired to have good correspon-
" dence with them in the Indies." 1 At whichever of these
islands the English attempted to trade, they were " beaten
away " by superior force, and the natives " threatened with
" the loss of their heads if they dealt with the English." 2
From the English factory at Pooloway the Bandanese sent
one of their principal men as ambassador to capitulate with
the chief in Bantam concerning conditions of agreement
between themselves and the English. 3 The Bandanese
had declared war against the Hollanders, and killed
above 300 of their best soldiers. 1 In 16 16, the differences
with the Dutch and English, through the latter trading at
the Moluccas, had grown so great that, as one of the factors
at Bantam observed, " it hath bred quite a strangeness
" between them."' Late in the year two English vessels
were again sent to trade at Pooloway, Pooloroon, and other
islands. The commander was expressly ordered to certify
the position of the English in those places to the Hollanders,
and if they offered violence, " to the utmost of his power,
" even to the loss of lives and goods, to make good the
" same." 6

As an evidence of the trade carried on by the East India
Company, they paid 14,000/. customs in 1615, for two ships
returned. In 1 613 they paid 13,000/. customs, whereas in the

Nos. 995, 999, 1000, 1014. -' Nos. 1004, 1006, 1023.

3 No. 1072. No. 1078.

5 No. 1147. c No. 1171.

PREFACE. Ixv

Queen's time all the customs were farmed by Mr. Customer
Smith for 12,000/.' In 1616, one ship alone from the East
Indies was valued at better than 140,000/. 2

Although several voyages had been made to Persia in the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, and commercial intercourse with
England had then been opened, the communication had not
led to the establishment of a direct or settled trade. It was
reserved for the East India Company, with the same energy
which characterized all their proceedings, to try their
fortune in that country, and they did so, as well as in almost
every part of Asia. The travels, adventures, and "hair-
"" breadth scapes " of the brothers Sherley will be in the
recollection of most readers. A full account of them 3 has
been printed in Purchas, the " Harleian Collection of
" Voyages," and other works. It is partly attributable to
the exertions of Sir Robt. Sherley that the East India
Company sent factors to Persia. Privileges for trade were
granted by Shah Abbas as early as 15Q9; 4 these, doubt-
less, were procured by Sir Anthony Sherley, commissioned
from the King of Persia to all the Christian potentates, 5
though he did not visit England as the King of Persia's
envoy. Sir Robert was accredited by Shah Abbas to King
James I. about 1607. 6 He went first to Spain, but his nego-
tiations there led to no result. He then came to England.
Salisbury had recommended him " first to address himself to
" other princes, that, seeing the reception he had in other
" courts, His Majesty might know better how he was to be
" proceeded with." ' He submitted his proposals to King
James, and he afterwards informed Salisbury that His Ma-
" jesty was determined to make a combination between this
" state and the Persian." 8 Nothing was, however, concluded
at that time, and Sir Robert returned to Persia. 9 King James
granted him an allowance of 41. a day from 1st October

i No. 1021. 2 No. 1130. 3 No. 255.

4 No. 261. * No. 344. 6 NO. 391.

7 No. 572. 8 No. 605. 9 No. 619.

Ixvi PREFACE.

I6ll to 14th January 1613. 1 From India Sir Robert writes
to the East India Company, persuading them to trade with
Persia.* The chief factors also at Surat report that
" the King of Persia much favoureth the English na-
" tion, and is of late fallen out with the Portugals ;" Jask,
a headland at the entrance of the Gulf of Persia, 40
leagues from Ormus, was suggested as a fit place to lade
vessels. The Portugals attempted to burn Sir llobt. Shcr-
ley's house at Sindc ; " his chief men were slain, and him-
self hardly used." The Great Mogul promised to do justice
on all who wronged him. 3 The advantages considered,
Richard Steelc and John Ciouther were commissioned, on
2nd January 1615, " to proceed from Agra to Ispahan, and
" inform themselves of the condition and hopes of trade of
' the countries they pass through, especially between
" Ispahan and Jask." They were likewise instructed to
deliver their letters to Sir Robt. Sherlcy at Ispahan, to
procure, by his assistance, letters from the King of Persia
for the " peaceable entertainment " of the Company's
servants, ships, and goods. 4 In October following, Steele
reported on the moneys, weights, and measures of Persia,
the prices of commodities, and the English goods vendible
there, " and their worth." s Cloths and other things were
provided for Persia/' and in spite of Sir Thos. Roc, who
"earnestly persuaded" the factors to desist, a ship was
laden with commodities from Swally Road, and factors
were appointed to sail directly for Jask. 7 In December
1616, the vessel arrived at Jask, 27 days after leaving
Surat. The factor describes their kind entertainment by
the Governor, says English cloth and all sorts of spices will
sell well ; that he finds the country peaceable, the people
courteous, and plenty of all necessary provisions. 8

A\ ith China the East India Company carried on a pro-

No. 633. 2 XG. 741. ' No.. 763.

J No. 861. '> No. 102o. 6 No. 1021.

7 Nos. 1167, 1172, 1176. No. 1138.

PREFACE. Ixvii

miscuous trade, by means of junks plying between the
English factories in Macassar, Siain, and other places. Up
to 1616 no direct commercial intercourse between England
and China was however established. Before the East India
Company existed, Queen Elizabeth had written to the
Emperor of China to encourage trade between the two king-
doms, but, as mentioned before, not one of the company who
undertook the voyage ever returned. 1 In 1614 the " first
junk from China" put in at Macassar, " with great store of
Chinese commodities." 2 The chief of the English factory in
Japan informed the Company that the Emperor and other
great men in China delighted to hear reports of the Eng-
lish nation; that some China merchants wished to know
" whether the King of England would debar the Hol-
" landers from robbing and spoiling their junks ;" and he
declared that if the King of England would write to the
Emperor of China, and send him a present it would be taken
in good part. The Dutch offered 100,000 ducats or dollars
to have trade at Canton, but could not obtain it. 3 At
a meeting of the East India Company, Rich. Cocks,
the factor, who had given such " good intelligence con-
" cerning China," was held worthy of the employment he
desired, to be the bearer of a letter from King James to the
Emperor with a present. 4 There is evidence in October
1615 of a considerable sale by the Company of China
saucers, dishes, basons, roots, rhubarb, silks, c. 5 In Fe-
bruary 1616, Cooks reported to the Company that he had
great hopes of trade with China, and to that purpose had
had one of the blank letters from His Majesty filled up
to the Emperor, and letters and presents sent to two great
China lords by the China captains in Firando and Nau-
gasaki. 6 In December 1616, Cocks was still sanguine in
his opinion. He requested the English factor at Patant to
use all Chinese well, because he was certainly informed that

1 No. 250. 2 No. 71 6. 3 Nos. 822-3.

4 No. 1021. 5 No. 1031. 6 No. 1095.

*' e 2

Ixviii PREFACE.

the -Emperor of China had sent spies to see how they were
treated. 1

Communication between England and Japan was the
result of accident. It was caused through the adventures
of an Englishman, which have been printed elsewhere.
William Addamcs was hired by the Dutch, in 1598, as pilot-
major to a fleet of five ships. The vessels lost company,
and Addamcs the pilot was forced with his ship to
winter at the Straits of Magellan, where " with cold on the
" one side and hunger on the other, the men grew weak."
After meeting with extraordinary adventures and escaping
unheard-of dangers, the twenty-four men who alone were
left, resolved to direct their course for Japan ; the general,
master, and all the officers of the ship had been murdered
at the Cape. " A wondrous storm of wind as ever I was
" in, with much rain," and failing to find the Cape they
sought, " by reason that it lycth false in all cards and maps
" and globes," added to their discomfiture. When at length
land was seen, on 19th April 1600, only six men besides
Addames " could stand upon their feet ;" six out of the
twenty -four left, died soon after landing. Addames, in this
letter to " his unknown friends and countrymen," gives an
account of his audiences with the Emperor of Japan ; of his
being sent to prison, and subsequent kind treatment ; the
efforts of the Jesuits and Portuguese to have him put to
death ; the allowance of two pounds of rice a day and twelve
ducats a year from the Emperor ; of his building a ship of
80 tons at the Emperor's command ; and the favour he ulti-
mately got into with the Emperor, whom he taught geometr^v
and mathematics, and pleased him so, " that what I said he
" would not contrary." He promised that Addames should
be a means for both English and Hollanders to traffic in
Japan, " but by no means he would let me go ;" and he
gave Addamcs a " living like unto a lordship in England,
" with HO or 90 husbandmen that be as his slaves or
" servants." Addames specifics the commodities vendible

1 No. 1180.

PREFACE. Ixix

in Japan, describes the island and the people, who he says are
of good nature, courteous above measure, and valiant in
war ; that there is not a land better governed by civil policy;
that the Jesuits and Franciscan friars have converted many"
to Christianity, and have many churches in the island. He
hopes by some means or other to hear of his wife and
children, and prays all into whose hands this letter may
come to do their best that they and his good acquaintance
may hear of him. A copy of this letter was fortunately
transmitted to the East India Company, probably through
Augustin Spalding, their factor at Bantam. 1 There are
two copies preserved. This communication led to the
opening of commercial intercourse between England and
Japan. It is dated 23rd October 1611; in January 1613
Capt. Saris was " ready to sail for Japan." 2

A second letter from Addames, dated January 16 13, 3
gives the reason of his long silence, w r hy nothing had been
heard of him from his arrival in Japan to 1611, a period of
eleven years ; " all his former letters had been intercepted
" by the Hollanders." When Addames told the Emperor
that " the King of England would send his ambassador, with
" merchants and merchandise, to trade in Japan, he was
" very glad and rejoiced that strange nations had such good
" opinions, with many other good speeches." Sir Thos.
Smythe had written to say he would send a ship to Japan
to establish a factory ; Addames boldly asserted that his
countrymen would be as welcome and free as in the river of
London. At the same time he expressed his fears that
there would be no profit for English commodities which
were so " good cheap " in Japan, by reason of the ships
from New Spain and Holland. On China goods he observed
great profit might be made, and he recommended English
merchants " to get the handling or trade with the Chinese,"
especially as the Company would not have need to send
money out of England, " for there is gold and silver in
" abundance," as well as iron, copper, and minerals, in Japan.

1 No. 585. 2 NO. 636 . 3 No. 630.

PREFACE.

The charges in Japan would consist of presents only to the
Emperor and others, " other customs here be none." '

Capt. Saris' voyage was successful. The Clove anchored
at Firando, 12th June iGl.V The most ample privileges
were granted by the Emperor, " in the name of the right
" honoured Sir Thos. Smythe, governor of the East India
" Company," and presents were likewise sent by the Emperor
to King James.* A factory was left at Firando, and
Rich. Cocks, a person of great experience appointed chief
factor. To make certain, however, of the continued favour
of the Emperor, and " building their hopes upon his long
" experience," a "contract." was made with " Capt. Wm.
" Addames," by Capt. Saris, on behalf of the East India
Company, and he was entertained in their service with a
salary of 100/. per annum. 4 The Flemings, it appears,
" did what they could to get him from the English." The
presents which Addames recommended should be sent to
the Emperor were "-Russian glass of the greatest sort to
" glass him a room of two fathoms four square, fine lamb
" skins, holland, and three or four pair of spectacle glasses ;"
for merchandise he advised some 1,000 bars of steel. 5 The
English rapidly put themselves in communication with
several important places in Japnn. Early in 1614 Rich.
Wickham was instructed to go to Yedo, Surunga, " and
" those parts," with a cargo of merchandise, including 600
bars of lead. A factory was likewise left at Osaka, 6 and
another at Nangasaki.'" The factor at Osaka writes about
this time that all the houses and churches which belonged
to the Friars and Jesuits were pulled down and burnt, and
all who were Christians had recanted, " so as now there is
" no more Christians of Japanners in these parts." Tobacco
must have been very obnoxious to the Emperor. At least
150 persons were apprehended for buying and selling it
" contrary to the Emperor's command, and are in jeopardy

1 Nos. 630, 822. -' No. 668. ' ^ 09 . 656, 774.

* No. 666. * No. 670. No. 685.

7 No. 690.

PREFACE. Ixxi

" of their lives." Great store of tobacco was burnt. 1
There are illustrations of slavery or serfdom in Japan.
Cocks in one of his letters says he bought a wench for three
taies (about 15s.), who must serve five years and then repay '
the three taies or else remain a perpetual captive ; at the
time of her purchase she was only 12 years old. 2 Some 200
persons were executed at Sakaii " for making merchandise
" of the poor people."

The reports from the several factories in Japan were not
of a very encouraging character as concerning trade, but
then the East India Company were trading in other parts
with such enormous profits that less than cent, per cent, profit
was not considered advantageous. 3 At Miako goods could
only be sold at very poor rates, and those not in any quan-
tity. 4 At Faccatay and Tushma the same complaints were
made, the factor u not having sold one yard of English
" cloth." 5 On Capt. Saris' return to England, in October
1614, the question was raised at a meeting of the Company
" whether it will be profitable to continue trading to Japan
" by sending commodities directly from England." The
Flemings had, it seems, spent some 1,500/. upon a house in
Japan and had reaped great gain ; and as there were English
factories, and the country was rich and populous, it was
resolved to send a pinnace, with fitting commodities, to be
provided on Capt. Saris' advice. 6 The English nation was
reported to have been the cause of the banishment of the
Jesuits and the pulling down of their monasteries, " but it
" was well known to have been through their own deserts,"
their misdemeanors and covetousness. Civil war was at
the same time raging in the empire between the reigning
Emperor and the son of the deceased Emperor. The most
extravagant accounts were received of the government and
wealth of Japan, the habits of the Emperor, &c. 7

With the island of Osima, the English had also inter-

i No. 696. 2 Nos.699, 1112. 3 No. 707.

4 No. 712. 5 No. 721. 6 Nos. 779. 789.

7 Nos. 804-6, 822-4.

Ixxii PREFACE.

course. The people are described as very gentle and
courteous, and much resembling the Chinese, yet speaking
the Japan tongue, " although with difficulty to be under-
" stood of the Japans." They wore their hair long, bound
up like the Chinese, with a bodkin thrust through, but it
was made up on the right sides of their heads. 1

The accounts received by the Company from Japan in
1615 were not more favorable as to trade. 2 Towards the end
of that year, when Capt. Coppindall carried up " the present,"
the Emperor offered to give the English anything that might
be for the benefit of their nation, " esteeming us above all
" other Christian nations whatsoever." 3

In February 161 6 an extraordinary fire broke out in
Osaka ; seven streets, in which there were at least 5UO houses,
were burnt, " and still the fire is very vehement, and is like
" to do much harm by reason the wind is so big." 4 In
another account " two great cities," Osaka and Sakaii, were
reported to have been burnt to tfye ground, each one
almost as big as London, and not one house left standing ;
300,000 men were said to have lost their lives.'

The death of Ogusho Same, Emperor of Japan, in April
I6l6, fi was the cause of very great changes throughout the
empire of Japan. The English were considerably affected
by them. Cocks was at once warned not to sell any goods
until instructions were received from the " new Emperor ;"
and although the privileges from the " old Emperor " were
shown as sufficient authority for the factor's proceedings, he
was told that Ogusho Same was dead, and the privileges
had not been renewed. 7 Upon this he took a "toilsome
"journey" to the Emperor's court at Yedo, and after four
months' delay * obtained a grant of privileges for the Eng-
lish nation. They were very different, however, to those
granted by the deceased Emperor. Shongo Same confined
the trade of the English to Firando and Nangasaki, and
they were forced to withdraw their factories from Yedo,

1 No. 844. No. 904. s No. 1066. * No. 1093.

* No. 1097. 6 No. 1183. " No. 1134. No. 1180.

PREFACE. Ixxiii

Miako, Osaka, and Sakaii. Cocks was informed by the
Council that the only reason for this alteration was because
the Jesuits had crept secretly into all parts of Japan to
make Christians and baptize, which the Emperor would not"
permit. 1 The most severe orders were issued against con-
cealing " padres." It was thought doubtful whether all
Christians should be banished out of Japan, and considered
certain that those, who it could be proved had christened
any children " with papist priests," would be banished.
The Spaniards had direct order to depart with their ships,
and on pain of their lives not to return any more ; for the
Emperor could not " abide padres in any sort." - Cocks' last
letter from Firando in 1616 is not very encouraging. He
says the cargo of English commodities will not vent at any
rate, much less yield such large sums as the Company expect.
" I am weary of the place," he adds, " and were it not for
" extraordinary hope to get trade into China, would rather
" depart from hence to-night than tarry till the morning." 3

It will be in the recollection of some that the English
did not abandon their factories in Japan until about the
year 1623.

Several curious circumstances are mentioned in connexion
with the employment of different persons by the East
India Company. Edward Wright, " the excellent mathe-
" rnatician and engineer," 1 of whom Henry Prince of
Wales " had so good an opinion, that he intended to
" make him his library-keeper," was allowed 50/. a year
by the Company for a course of lectures, in consideration of
his having " gathered great knowledge in the universities,
" and effected many worthy works in rectifying errors
" formerly smothered." He was also appointed by the
Company to examine their journals and mariners, and to
" perfect their plotts" [? maps or plans]. A request of
Prince Charles to lend Wright some money on his books

1 Nos. 1141, 1180. 2 No. 1158. 3 NO. 1180.

4 See his account of the voyage of the Earl of Cumberland to the
Azores, who he accompanied. ITakluyt, II., 647-660.

Ixxiv I'KEFACE.

was, .however, declined by the Company. 1 Christopher
Lanman, one of the Company's " book-keepers," was
" applauded as one of tlic most perfect and sufficient
" accountants in London." ; Capt. Edward Gyles, " expe-
" rienccd in knowing the latitude and longitude by obser-
" vation of the sun or any star," offered his services to the
Company ; but though he had been with Sir Fras. Drake in
his voyages, four times to the West Indies with the Earl of
Cumberland, besides many other sea voyages, had served
under the Morrises and the Earl of Essex, was able to give
directions for fortifications, and " especially acquainted " with
the commodities of the East Indies, after " inquiries had
" been made of him" he was not thought " fit for the
" Company's service." 3 John Stammer was more for-
tunate ; " finding his trade to decay, and devising of some
" course of life, he was pinched in his sleep, and called
" sundry times in his sleep by his name, willing him to go
" to Sir Thos. S my the and proffer his service for the East
" Indies." This is entered in the Court Minutes of the
East India Company of 1Q October 1615. He was enter-
tained in their service. 4

The health of the Company's officers and men employed
in the East Indies was naturally a subject often discussed at
their meetings. " The flux" was a disease " incident to the
English " in India,' 1 and any remedies that seemed worthy
of attention were well considered. In 1607 lemon water,
" alligant [wine] from Allicant," were recommended, not
only as very fit beverages, but as " good against the flux.'"
Dr. John Burgis was admitted a free brother of the Com-
pany gratis r for his great skill in the prevention of flux,
scurvy, and fever, and with the fleet dispatched in 1615 to
the East Indies " boxes of such things," together with in-
structions in writing for their use, were delivered to each
ship ; the charges were about 23/. s Various other proposals

1 pp. 284, 306, 417. 2 p. 306. 3 pp . 319, 333.

No. 1034. Xo. 856. Xo. 377.

7 No. 769 * Xo. 889.

PREFACE. Ixxv

were suggested for the health and comfort of the seamen.
Two Frenchmen offered to divulge a secret for the preserva-
tion of fresh water. 1 Trial was directed to be made of
sundry of Capt. Castleton's proposals, including the baking
of fresh bread at sea, with the grinding of corn, " an exercise
" fit to preserve men in health," distilling fresh water from
salt water by having stills fitted to the furnaces, and
carrying a hogshead of fresh provisions, to be used only
in cases of necessity. 2 Instances are recorded of men dying
with the flux, through the " inordinate drinking of a wine
" called tadie, distilled from the palmetto trees ;" 3 and
of their being poisoned by drinking water in which a mul-
titude of grasshoppers had fallen." 4 The amusement of the
sailors was not lost sight of. A virginal was bought " for
" two to play upon at once, and by a pin pulled out, one
" man will make both to go, which is a delightful sight for
" the jacks to skip up and down in such manner as they
" will." 5 There is no mention of any women going in the
ships to the East Indies. One of the Company's most
valuable servants, Capt. Keeling, was not allowed to take
his wife with him, though he did everything he could to
persuade the Company to allow him to do so, and he
had nearly succeeded in taking her, when he was informed
that " if she accompany him they will hold him unworthy
" their service." 6 A request of three Indians to take their
wives with them was refused, " as being unfitting for such
" women to go among so many unruly sailors in a ship."
A discourse of the Governor to the factors is worth attention.
He exhorts them to discharge their trusts conscientiously,
and to avoid private trade ; acquaints them with the Com-
pany's care to furnish them with things needful for their
spiritual comfort and the health of their bodies, as " books
" of divinity for the soul, and history to instruct the mind;"
tells them of the offensive behaviour of some of the Com-

1 No. 472. 2 No. 827. 3 No. 915. 4 No. 6oO.

5 No. 867. f> No. 912. 7 No. 687.

l xx vi PREFACE.

pany's factors in the Kast Indies, and admonishes them
" to be the more respective, and shun all sin and evil bc-
" haviour, that the heathen may take no advantage to
" blaspheme our religion by the abuses and ungodly
" behaviour of our men." 1 In several cases the factors
had acquired great wealth " by trading on their own
account.'

It may easily be imagined that the Company were not
altogether free from attack. A book called the Trades
Increase, some portion being " very near to treason, and all
" the rest very dangerous," appeared, which caused the
Company no little trouble. The Archbishop of Canterbury's
opinion was asked, and the Law Officers of the Crown were
consulted respecting it ; the Court thought the author
should be punished, " and thereby discover the dislike the
" State hath to such pamphlets that shall tax what the State
" hath approved." Sir Dudley Diggs recommended that it
should be answered by a book " in defence of the East
" India trade," but the Archbishop was of opinion that
it should rather be suffered to die than be suppressed,
" which would cause many men to seek after it the more
" earnestly." 3

" Condemned men from Newgate " were taken on board
the ships bound for the East Indies, and put ashore on the
south coast of Africa. This " was approved as a very
" charitable deed, and a means, as was hoped, to bring
" them to God by giving them time of repentance to crave
" pardon for their sins, and reconcile themselves unto His
" favour." 4 There is a " writing" preserved, signed by three
condemned men, set ashore at Saldanha Bay, in which they
acknowledge King James' clemency in granting them their
forfeited lives, and " according to their own desire trans-
" porting them to this foreign land.''*

1 P-27fi. 2 pp. 30.5, 31 o. s Xos.902, 912.

4 Nos. 889, 990 * No. 1128.

PREFACE. Ixxvii

In conclusion, I would observe that every statement in
these remarks has been founded upon the documents them-
selves. In most cases the exact words of the original writers
are quoted ; in every instance the reference is given.

W. NOEL SAINSBURY.
2lst November 1862.

COLONIAL PAPERS.

EAST INDIES.

1. Emmanuel King of Portugal to- the Pope. Thinks it proper
to write to him, as the head of Christendom, of his successes in India.
After many obstinate battles and much bloodshed, his general,
Alfonso de Albuquerque, to repair the losses of previous years,
sailed to the Aurea Chersonesus, called by the natives Malacca,
between the Sinus Magnus and the Ganges' estuary, a town of im-
mense size, supposed to contain 25,000 houses, and abounding in
spices, gold, pearls, and precious stones. After two engagements
and considerable slaughter of the Moors, the place was captured,
sacked, and burned. The King, who fought upon an elephant, was
badly wounded and fled ; many were taken, and much spoil earned
off, including seven war elephants, with towers and harness of silk
and gold, and 2,000 brass guns of the finest workmanship. Albu-
querque caused a fortress to be built at the mouth of the rivei'
which flows through the city, with walls 15 feet thick, of stones
taken from the ruins of the mosques. There were then at Malacca
foreign merchants from Sumatra, Pegu, Java (?) [Ja'aes], Gores, and
from the extreme east of China, who being allowed by Alfonso
liberty to trade, removed their habitations near the citadel, and
promised obedience to Portugal and to take its currency. The
Malachese subscribed for 1,000 catholici of gold money and 100,000
for silver (auream catholicos mille scilicet nummorum argenteam
centum valore Malachenses inscripsere). On hearing this the King
of Ansiam (Siam), the most powerful king of the east, from whom
Malacca had been usurped by the Moors, sent a golden cup with a
carbuncle and a sword inlaid with gold as a pledge of amity. Here-
upon Alfonso sent him some of his cleverest men, with gifts, to
explore the country, which will doubtless augment the Catholic
faith. Returning to India, he found Goa, which he had formerly
won with great bloodshed, besieged by the Moors, and another strong
citadel raised beside it ; " unde Ruminum Turcorum quae sex milia
nostros continue infestabant." He attacked and took it, found a
great booty, punished the Christian renegades serving in the ranks of
the Moors, sailed to Dabuli, received an embassy from Prester John,
who requested him to cross the Red Sea, and unite with himself in
war against the infidels. He has sent home to the King a large
fragment of the wood of the true cross, and asks to have some clever
workmen, in order that he may divert the Nile from the country of
the Sultan. There was with him at the time the Ambassador of
the Pagan King of Narsinga, who had 1,500 elephants of war,
40,000 horse, as much foot as he wishes, and so much territory as
can scarce be traversed in six months. There was also with him an

44G9. A

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1513.

ambassador from the King ot Cambaya from Sabay, formerly Lord
of Goa, and King Gmsapa, with presents and offers of alliance. In
the last fleet that appeared was an ambassador from the King of
Onnus (Armusil) with a pnsent of pearls and jewellery. Alfonso
had taken this King nnd made tributary the chief town of Orraus,
in which he found 15,000 8eraphini=go>ld ducats. Many nations in
India have embraced Christianity. It may therefore be expected
that God's favour will attend Albuquerque in his attempts upon
the lied Sea, when he will shut the door on the commerce of the
Saracens. He will effect a union with Prester John, and raising
the standard of the cross, inflict a blow upon Mahometanism.
[Latin. Four pages. Brit. Mm., Nero, Ji. 1, 70. Letters and
Papers of Henri/ VIII., edited by J. S. Brewer, M.A., No. 4173.]

1527. 2. " The Book made by the Worshipful Master Robert Thome in

Anno 1527," [to Dr. Lee, Ambassador from King Henry VIII. to
Charles V., Emperor of Germany,] being an information of the parts
of the world discovered by the Emperor and King of Portugal ;
and also of the way to the Moluccas by the north. Diversity of
the use of the trades discovered. Two Englishmen sent to discover
" the islands of the Spiceries," in a fleet of three ships and a carvil
that went from Seville, armed by the merchants, in April 1527, in
which Thorne and his partner adventured 1,400 ducats, so that his
t\vo English friends, learned in cosmography, should go in the ships
and bring him an account of the situation of the country. Differ-
ence between the Emperor and King of Portugal about those
islanda The first navigation for discovery of " this spicery " pur-
posed by the Portugals in 1 484 ; the Pope grants the King of
Portugal all he should discover ; the island of Callicut discovered
in 1487, "whence is brought all the spiceries he hath." Agree-
ment between the Kings of Spain and Portugal for their several
discoveries. Conjecture of a much nearer way to the islands of the
Spicery than either the Spaniard or Portugal have. Vehement
desire of the writer to attempt the navigation towards the north;
his father, from whom he inherited this desire, and Hugh Ellyot,
another merchant of Bristol, the discoverers of Newfoundland.
Also,

"A persuasion to King Henry VIII. for the discovery north- j
ward," being a declaration of the Indies and lands discovered and
subdued unto the Emperor of Germany and King of Portugal;!
and also of other parts of the Indies and rich countries to be disj
covered, which Robert Thorne, merchant of London [who dwelt]
long in Seville] exhorts the King to take in hand. [Together
pa<jcs. Brit. Mus., Lansdoivne, C., fol. 65-80. Printed
llakluyt, /., 237-245. See also Purchas, III., 806-809. " A
port of a voyage of tivo Englishmen in the company of Sebastu
Cabota, intended for the Moluccas by the Streightsof Magellan, ~
2ycrforr,\ed only to the River of Plate in April 1527. Taken
of the information of M. Rolert Thorne to Dr. Lee touching
discovery of the Moluccas by the north," is printed inHakluyt, /F,
228.]

EAST INDIES. 3

1553.

Feb. 14. 3. " Letters missive which the Right Noble Prince Edward the
Sixth sent to the kings, princes, and other potentates inhabiting the
north-east parts of the world, toward the mighty empire of Cathay, at
such time as Sir Hugh Willoughby, Knight, and Richard Chancelor,
with their company attempted their voyage thither." The King
'having licensed Sir Hugh Willoughby and others to take a voyage
by sea into far countries to them heretofore unknown " as well to
seek such things as we lack, as also to carry unto them from our
regions such things as they lack," desires '* you Kings and Princes,
and all others to whom there is any power on the earth," to permit
those his servants free passage through their dominions, " for they
shall not touch anything of yours unwilling unto you. Conside'r
3 r ou that they also are men ;" and to entertain them with the same
humanity and favour that those Princes would like shown towards
their subjects if at any -time they should pass through His Majesty's
dominions, which the King promises to do. [Three pages and a
half. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXCVL, pp. 60-62. Copy made in
1668, probably for Sir Jos. Williamson. Printed in Hakluyt, L,
257-8, in Latin and English, who adds that this letter was written
also in Greek and divers other languages.]

May 9. 4. " Ordinances, instructions, and advertizements of and for the
direction of the intended voyage for Cathay, compiled, made, and
delivered by the Right Worshipful Master Sebastian Cabota, Esq.,
Governor of the Mystery and Company of Merchants Adventurers
for the discovery of regions, dominions, islands and places unknown/'
With the names of the 12 councillors appointed in this voyage,
Sir Hugh Willoughby, Captain-General. [Seventeen pages. Copy
made in 1668, probably for Sir Jos. Williamson. DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CXCVL,pp. 50-59. Printed in Hakluyt, L, pp. 251-255.]

May 10 5. " Journal of the voyage intended for the discovery of Cathay,
to and divers other regions, dominions, islands, and places un-

Sept. 18. known, set forth by the Right Worshipful Master Sebastian
Cabota, Esquier, and Governor of the Mystery and Company of the
Merchants Adventurers of the City of London, which fleet being
furnished, did set forth the 10th day of May 1553 ;" with names of
the ships and their burthen, of the captains and councillors, pilot
major, masters, merchants, officers and mariners. The Bona Espe-
ransa, admiral of the fleet, of 120 tons, with pinnace and boat;
Sir Hugh Willoughby, captain general; Wm. Geflerson, master;
Roger Wilson, mate ; Wm. Gyttons and Chas. Barret, merchants ;
The Edward Bonaventure, of 160 tons, with pinnace and boat;
Richard Chancelor, captain and pilot major of the fleet ; Stephen
Borowgh, master; John Buckland, mate; George Burton and
Arthur Edwards, merchants ; John Stafford, minister ; Thos. Water,
surgeon ; and the Bona Confidentia, of 90 tons, with pinnace and
boat ; Cornelias Durforth, master ; Richard Ingram, mate ; Thos.
Langley, Edward Kever, and Henry Dossett, merchants. This
journal, ending 18 Sept. 1553, "was written with Willoughby 's
own hand." [Eleven pages and a few lines. Copy in the
British Museum, mutilated by fire. Otho VIII.,fol.lQ. Printed

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1333.

Mav 8.

'in Ilaklityt, /., 258-63. With note that the river or haven where
Sir Hugh WiUoughby and Company perished with cold is called
Arzina, in Lapland, near unto Kff/or t but it appears by a will
found i the ship that Willoughby and most of his company were
alive January 1554.]

6. " A Remembrance given by us, the Governors, Consuls, and
Assistants of the Company of Merchants trading in Russia the 8th
day of May 1561, to our trusty friend, Anthony Jenckynson, at his
dejmrture towards Russia, and so to Persia, in this our eighth
journey." Signed by Sir William Garrard and Sir Thos. Lodge,
governors, William Merike and Blase Sanders. [Ten pages. Do-
MKSTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXCVL, pp. 89-94. Copy made in 1668, pro-
Imbly for Sir Jos. Williamson. Printed in Hakluyt, L, pp. 382-

1563.
April 14.

1*>64.
Nov. -20.

1305.
May 30.

7. (i Priviledges given by Obdolow can King of Hyrcania to the
Company of English Merchants Adventurers for Russia, Persia, and
Mare Caspium, with all the lands and countries adjoining to the
same, obtained by Mr. Anthony Jenckynson at his being there about
the affairs of the said company, April 14, anno 1563." [Two pages
and a half. Copy, made in 1668, probably for Sir Jos. Williamson.
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXCVL, pp. 94-95. Printed in Hakluyt, I.,
p. 395.]

8. Petition of the " Governors, Consuls, Assistants, and Com-
monalty of the Fellowship of Merchants Adventurers for Discovery
of lands, &c.," to the Privy Council. For continuance and better
maintenance of the trade, which they have supported with great
loss for 12 years past, and also to furnish the voyage lately dis-
covered to Medea and Persia, with a greater number of ships ; the
petitioners are forced to add 60?. to the former stock, to make every
single share 2()(). ; but finding the trade to the Narve attempted
by William Bond, they are so discouraged that they cannot be per-
suaded to increase the stock. Request that Bond and all others
may be restrained from trading within the dominions of the Em-
peror of Russia, " for that the voyage [of Bond], as y r honors well
know, is offensive unto the Emperor's Majty and certain other
Christian Princes." [Parchment. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. XXXV.,
No. 20 Gal., p. 246. This petition wax probably presented in con-
sequence of Hit-hard Clieinic's account of the second voyage to
I'ei-sia in 1563. See Ifakluyt, f., pp. 395-97.]

9. Anthony Jenckynson to the Queen. Thinks it his bounden
duty to make manifest how her Grace may highly advance her fame,
and increase her dominions and riches, by an enterprise to discover
certain regions and islands by the North Seas. Discovery of the
Indies and seas occidental by Spain. The best yet undiscovered,
the famous [country] of Cathay and infinite islands near where are
gold, siver, precious stones, and other treasures. Commodities to be
had from the Tropics to both the Poles, and from the Equinox to

EAST INDIES.

1565.

1566.
Nov. 3.
Naples.

both the Tropics, all of which might be found if " this region of
Cathay might be discovered, and passage found thither by the North."
Advantages by the great vent of all kinds of English manufactured
woollen commodities in those cold countries between the imagined
Streights " (of no doubt to be found) " and the land of Catfiay. The
navigation would be shorter by the north than that of the Portugals
by the south. Speculations of cosuiographers on the dangers of the
navigation of the northerly seas through the extremity of the cold.
As some have affirmed parts of the southward to be uninhabitable
and unnavigable, through extremity of heat, so he makes no doubt,
from his experience in those northerly regions, " but that they are
also deceived in this." The seas and lands as temperate, when the sun is
in the north tropic, as here. Continual day for ten weeks where
he has travelled, and " so the nearer the pole the longer day."
The travels of the Portugals and Spaniards upon unknown coasts
should encourage us to travel and search for this passage. Opinions
touching the passage by the north-west. Does not wholly dissent
from them, but has no doubt of a passage to be found by the north-
east. Has conferred with divers " Cathayens," and the inhabitants
of other countries very far north, near whereunto he guesses the
passage to be. The people fish along those coasts for the morse for
their teeth. Has gathered from them, that beyond the land and
coast trench and tend to the east and to the southward, and that the
currents and tides run east-south-east and west-north-west very
vehemently, " which manifestly argueth a passage." When last year
in Muscovy " a certen strainge hed, with a home therein," was
presented to the Emperor by some of the inhabitants of the foresaid
countries, which they had found in the island of Vagattes, not far
from the river Obbe. It was found to be the head of a unicorn,
and is held in no small price and estimation by that Prince. Know-
ing that unicorns are bred in the lands of Cathaj 7 , China, and other
oriental regions he " fell into consideration that the said head was
brought thither by the course of the sea." Other reasons to be
alleged in proof of the passage, but fears to be tedious. Urges the
Queen " to set forward this famous discovery of that renowned
Cathay." Doubts not that by the traffic Her Majesty will grow
to infinite riches, and be accounted <c the famous Princess of
the world/' Wishes to be employed in the enterprise, and "to
venture my life as fervent zeal moveth me, which, if I may live to
accomplish, I shall attain to the ' some ' of my desire." [Three
pages. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. XXXVI., No. 60 <7aZ., p. 253. These
" reasons alleged for the proving of a j)assage by the north east t
ly Master Anthony Jenkynson," were answered by Sir Humphrey
Gylberte, in Gap. 8 of his Discourse, " to prove a passage by the
north-west to Cathay and the East Indies." See Hakluyt, III.,
pp. 42, 43. Jenckynson's several voyages are alsoprinted in Hakluyt,
/., p. 346, et seg.]

10. Thos. Champneys to Sec. Sir Wm. Cecil. At his departure from
England there was one Jenckynson who had taken in hand to travel

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1566

15C6?

156G?

1567?

to Cathay, but was forced to return. Considering how long we
have desired the discovery of the country and the benefit that the
< % ueen may enjoy thereby he has written to Her Majesty, not only
of the commodities to be had there, but also of the ready way for
the short discovery of it. Beseeches him to expedite the Queen's
answer, "that thereby I may resolve the party who attendeth here
Her -Majesty's pleasure.' [One page. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol.XLL,
No. 2. Cal.,p. 2sl. Jenckynson was sent by the Queen on a voyage
to Russia in Mat/ 15G6. See Hakluyt, /., p. 418.]

11. Petition of Humphrey Gylberte to the Queen. Nothing for u
long time having been said or done concerning the discovery of a
passage by the north-east to Cathay, beseeches Her Majesty that
lie ii ay have privileges according to articles set forth to make trial
thereof at his own cost and charges, with the help of those friends
who are willing to assist him. The privileges desired are in three
ai tides, as follow : No one to pas.'* to any part of the world,
through this undiscovered passage, except such as are made free by
him or his heirs ; himself, his two brothers, and all lineally de-
scended from them to adventure for ever at their pleasure, paying
all customs ; and to have to his own use, for 99 years, a fifth part
of the customs of merchandise returned by means of this discovery.
\ttrit. Mus., Birch, *l. r >f),/of. 17(5. Indorsed, " Humfrey Gilberte."
He v:as knighted in 1570 by Sir H. Sydney, Lord Deputy of
Ireland.]

12. [A. Jenckynson] to [Sec. Sir Win. Cecil]. Has sued a long time
to have the passage discovered to Cathay, but never yet had any
direct answer. Has sundry times discoursed with Mr. Gylberte
thereon, and not doubting good success they mean to make a trial at
their own charges with such assistance as they can procure, if Her
Majesty will grant them for their lives the following privileges :
None to go to any part of the world through the passage, by them
to be discovered, upon pain of confiscation of body, goods, and lands.
They and their heirs to trade, custom free, for ever, and to traffic
their own stock, or to the sum of oOOl. of any other man's without
paying custom. All free of this voyage, not to pay custom for
21 years for any merchandise brought through "this our discovered
passage ;" the ordinary custom of all goods exported being always
answered [subsequently added in different ink]. Has conferred
with Mr. Gylberte not only to solicit the above on behalf of them
both, but has also taken order for furnishing the voyage in every
respect " against my return." Beseeches " his honour " to further the
same. [One page. DOMESTIC, EUz., Vol.XLII., No. 23A. Indorsed,
" A. Jenkynson, for the passage into the Cataia which shall be
discovered by them."]

13. Memorial of Humphrey Gylberte to the Queen. Her Majesty
having established by Parliament the Corporation for Discovery of
New Trades [tlie Bill passed 17th Wot: 1566], and being one of that
Company, he is encouraged to attempt with all possible speed the

EAST INDIES.

1567?

15G7?

1567.

Jan. 24.

London.

discovery of a passage to Cathay, " and all other the rich parts of the
world not found." Requests a grant of the following privileges, in
consideration of his great charges, " besides the apparent miserable
travel, hazard, and peril of my life. ":

1st. To have for the four first voyages the use of two of the
Queen's ships, with commission to press mariners.

2nd. He and the heirs male of his body, or in default, those of
Otes Gylberte, to pay but half custom, for 40 years, for all
goods transported into any places to be discovered through
him towards the North-west, and 12c. for every ton of
merchandise brought from thence.

3rd. He and his heirs to enjoy the tenth part of all such lands so
discovered, with all profits, and free passage to and fro,
holding the same by the yearly rent of a knight's fee.

4th. To be .appointed to the government, during life, of all
countries and territories so discovered, with power to nominate
a deputy.

5th. To have half of Her Majesty's forfeited goods and fines for
infringing the privileges of the Coiporation for any offence
committed towards the North-west, or taking any part of

West.

6th. All ships employed in the traffic to any of the discovered
countries of the Corporation to be free for ever from arrest
or imprest for any common service of the realm. [Two pages.
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. XLII., No. 23.]

On the third page are the

Observations of Sec. Sir Wm. Cecil on the above. In what time
the four voyages shall be, if any of the first perish. Victualling of
the Queen's ships. Privileges of custom to his heirs, or the heirs
of his father's body. The deputy to be allowed by the Queen.
Infringement of the privileges of the Corporation. [" A dis-
course written by Sir H. Gylberte, in 1 576, to prove a passage by
the North-west to Cathay and the East Indies/' is printed in
Hakluyt, III., pp. 32-47 ; " which was," says Chalmers, " most
probably the cause of Frobisher's voyage."]

14. Copy of the preceding, with additions. In the first article, after
the four first voyages is added, " so as the same be performed within
the space of ten years next following March come twelvemonth,
being in anno 1568." In the second, the number of years to pay
half custom is left blank, and there are other alterations of minor
importance. [One page. Indorsed, " Humphrey Gylberte. Dis-
covery of new found countries." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. XLII.,
No. 23. Cal, p. 288.]

15. Sir Wm. Garrard and Alderman Rowland Hawarde to Sec.
Cecil. Send their answer to the articles of Mr. [Humphrey]
Gylberte, who showeth himself very conformable to surcease his

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1567.

1570?

1571.

March 29.

Tauri*.

suit in any thing derogatory to the privileges of the Company [of
Merchant Adventurers for the discovery of new trades]. Inclose,

The articles of requests made by Mr. Gylberte, with tlie Com-
ptiny's answers. The first and second articles for aid
of flipping and rcleasement of custom, not prejudicial
to the Company, but since they have made attempts for
the discovery of Cathay, and are determined to do so
again either by the North-east or North-west, they claim
the ordering of all such discoveries according to their
privileges, but u'ill not refuse Mr. Gylberte's advice and
help if he will assist them. The third article they mis-
like u'holly as derogatory to their 'privileges, to acquire
the dominion and have the sole traffic to all places lying
Northward, North-eastward, or North-westward. To the
fourth, they very well like that Mr. Gylberte, accepting
the freedom of the Company, maybe appointed in person
and not by substitute, captain and governor of the
countries which he discovers. The ffth and sixth, tJte
Company submit to the Queen's pleasure. [Together,
two pages and a half. Fair copy of Gylberte's articles,
with the interlineation mentioned at p. 7 added, and
two or three other words altered, the year 1568 being
written 1569. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. XL1L, Kos. 5, 5. i.
Cat., p. 287.]

16. " Copy of the Shah's authority given to his son Sultan Heyder
Morsa, whereby he is authorized to give justice to the English
merchants in all their causes." One of the Shah's servants to be
licensed yearly to gather in all debts owing to English merchants
in any part of the Shah's dominions, " although it be a hundred
years since." Also copy of the privilege granted to the merchants
of England, "my greatest and best merchants hereunder written,
Sir Wm. Garrard, Sir Thos. Offley, Sir Win. Chester, [Aid.] Rowland
Hawarde, Lionell Duckett, Wm. Allen, Thos. Bannester, Geofrye
Duckett, Lawrence Chapman, and their company, to traffic and trade
through all my dominions at their will and pleasure." There are
six articles attached respecting the regulations for English trade
in Persia, [Two pages and a quarter. East Indies, Vol. I., JVo. 1.
Indorsed, " The freedom of traffic granted to the English merchants
by the Shah." Sec Bannester s letter beloiv, also Hakluyt, L,
p.

17. Thomas Bannester to Sec. Cecil. Is forced to write briefly, but
refers Cecil to a discourse directed to the Company (wanting} which
lie thinks should also be communicated to my Lord of Leicester.
Is of opinion that it be likewise shown to Sir Wm. Garrard, Sir Thos.
Offley, Rowland Hawarde, Wm. Allen, Lionell Duckett, aldermen,
and Mr. Quarles, Mr. Walkeden, Mr. Gammage, and Mathew Fyeld,
with commands to keep it secret, and not show it to the whole
Company. Has written to Mr. Garrard of his troubles and good

EAST INDIES. 9

1571.

success with the Prince, " having established that I came for." Is
forced to tarry another year, but, although at great charges, hopes
it will turn to their [the Company's] great gain. Sends copy of the
new privilege obtained [see previous article], and a,n Act ^of Court
for the agreement between the Company and themselves (wanting)
which, by the malice of some, after they had taken leave of the Queen,
altered their yearly pension to three years, and forced them to tarry
five years and a half ere they can come home. Humbly desires the
Company may be required to pay their yearly allowance " for there
was never men bought money more dear and dangerous than we
have done and shall do ere we come home.'' In a postcript of
5th April, following, Bannester adds that he is ready to depart with
16 men and 200 camels laden with the Company's goods, and is
forced to leave [Geofrye] Duckett behind atTauris. He understands
that Edwards is fallen into the company of one who the year before
their coming brought Lawrence Chapman into great trouble by his
untrue practice ; knows not what Edwards' malice may do. Sends
copy of letter to the agent at Moscow. Intends sending Edwards
away to avoid his false practices. Unless the Queen take some
order to punish falsehood, it will be in vain longer to occupy the
trade of Russland or this country, " for all the miseries, troubles, and
long detraction of this journey are chiefly fallen out through the
malice and practices of the Company's own servants." Incloses
copies of letter to Rich. Procter and of Rich. Pyngles' commission,
with invoice of goods sent last year by Procter (wanting). [One page
and three quarters. East Indies, Vol. /., No. 2. The fiflli voyage
into Persia, begun in 1568 and continued to 1574, was by Thos.
Bannester and Geofrye Duckett, agents for the Muscovy Company,
and is printed in Hakluyt, I., pp. 443-450. Bannester died on
July 1571.]

1571 ? 18. " Newes from Persia from Mr. [Thomas] Bannester." Landing

of the Turks' army in the island of Cyprus, after great loss. They
remained three or four months, but could not prevail. About
20 Dec. last came a great power by sea from Venice and other parts
of Christendom, whereupon the Turks fled ; many were slain, and
six galleys sunk. All Turkey quakes ; they have a prophecy that
the time is coming when they shall be overthrown by Christians,
who they term misbelievers. Mecca and other parts of Arabia in
rebellion. News that a woman king in Christendom hath given the
Pope's power a great overthrow. It is much talked all Turkey
through that a woman should be of that force ; that she hath taken
by sea many ships with great treasure. This hath " much relieved
my spirits in this troublesome journey." The Portugals have had
great wars with the Queen of Malabar and other Princes of India
for three years ; the Queen forced to peace ; her son killed goino-
a pilgrimage to Mecca, where Mahomet lies. They look for great
store of spices. The Turks' Ambassador much offended that this
Prince would suffer any Christians to come hither. [One page*
East Indies, Vol. /., No. 3. Indorsed, as above. Written by
Thos. Bannester inhis [the fifth] voyage to Persia. See Hakluyt, /.,
p. 445. Cyprus ivas taken by the TurJcs in 1571.]

COLONIAL PAPERS.

April 4. 19. Geofrye Duckett to Sec. Cecil. In their Ion uei letters, written
8hmmky, " in about a year past, they made reckoning to have returned this

the entry of

8prnff

t j ie w h o l e rest of the Company's stock, yet " God hath

" otherwise determined." Death of Air. Bannester on 29th July last,
Duckett being at Tauris, about 1 5 days' journey from hence. Re-
paired to Tauris and got possession of the Company's goods, which
had been sealed up by the King's Lieutenant, but on conditions he
utterly misliked, not to transport any of them without leave. Went
to Casbin, and there obtained the King's letters to the Sultan of
Shamaky for the use of the Company's goods. More than eight
months thus consumed ; the greater part of the Company's stock in
ready money. Minds not to send any more goods to Russland, having
sent a man thither to provide for their carriage up the Volga, but
has received letters from Astracan that no such provision has been
made ; that they are very straightly used there, being scarce suffered
to have as much of their goods as would buy bread, and not allowed
to return with the ships to fetch them and the Company's goods.
Proclamation made that no man should sell them anything fur the
repair of their ships, nor any man serve them in any way. Lack
of sending boats to Astracan, the cause of the goods sent last year
still lying there ; the finest, as silks and spices, sent to Moscow, the
remainder being galls, of which there are great store ; their value.
Besides Mr. Bannester four more have died, and two, sent to tell
him what had happened, robbed by the way and miserably slain ;
thus, in five weeks, their number has diminished seven persons.
Has bought goods himself to the value of 3,400., but does not
intend to send any away. Refers to his general letter to the
Company. [Tu-o pages and three quarters. East Indies, Vol. I.,
Ko. 4.]

1573. 20. " A discovery of lands beyond the Equinoctial.'' Arguments

on the matter offered to be attempted: that it is feasible; the
means to achieve it, and good to grow from it ; answer to objec-
tions ; no injury to any prince or country, nor any offence of
amity ; not to be at the Queen's charge. With a request to Her
Majesty to grant Letters Patent " to the authors and fellowship of
this voyage in nature of a corporation ;" to establish a form of
government " in some persons of the company of this adventure;"
to give letters in favour of the voyage, and also letters of com-
mendation to " all princes and people for their loving and favorable
entertainment and traffic ;" and to confirm special rules and orders
" as the company shall think meet to be kept among them " for
direction of the voyage, c. [Five pages. Indorsed, by Burghley,
as above, with the date 1573. Brit. Mus., Lansdovme, C.,
fol. 142-146.]

1675 ? 21. " A note of certain navigations heretofore attempted for the

discovery of a passage through the Streights out of the North Sea into
the South Sea." In America, towards 60 deg. north, is an elbow
of land stretching very far into the sea called " the head of Laborer."
On the south is a very broad bay, called Dusmendas, lying out about"

EAST INDIES. 11

1575?

400 or 500 miles, which seemeth to be a great sea where are huge
heaps of ice, and which hath many islands. Voyage of Sebastian
Cabot in 1496 to find out the passage into the countries called
Mangi, Sepango, and Cathay. Great abundance of ice, and doubt
of finding any way caused his return to England. Hills of ice" grow
because of divers rivers of sweet water, for the sea itself never
freezes. No ice nor snow found in the voyage to Muscovy, although
12 or 13 degrees nearer the pole than Cabot went. In 1500,
Caspar Cortesreales, a Portuguese pilot, brought from those islands
threescore captives or slaves. To find the passage from the North
to the South Sea, must sail from the 66th to 68th degree into the
narrow sea or strait of the Three Brethren, where at no time of the
year is ice wont to be found. In 1476, John Scolus, a pilot of
Denmark, was in the north of this passage. In 1541, to the south
side of this passage, a Spaniard was found, sent by the Viceroy to
this coast, who found ships from Cathay in a certain haven, laden
with merchandise, with flags painted with birds called " Alcatrizaa"
The mariners declared by signs that they came from Cathay in
thirty days. [One page. Indorsed as above. DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CVL, No. 77. Cal,p. 513.]

1576 ? 22. " Discourse concerning a Streight to be discovered toward the
North-west, passing to Cathay and the Oriental Indians ; with a
confutation of their error that think the discovery thereof to be most
conveniently attempted to the north of Baccalaos." [Four pages
Indorsed by Burghley, " Mr. Greynfelde's voyage/' Brit. Mus.,
Lansdoiune, C., No. 4.]

1576 ? 23. Arguments in favour of finding a North-west passage to Cathay

in 67 degrees. It may be sailed in thirty days from England. Being
known, a great trade might be made in those west parts where are
many rich merchandises, and the passage lies far from any Prince

that might hinder With 300. it might be known and truly

certified by means of some of the ships that trade yearly to Iceland
for fish, being eight or ten days' sail from thence. The passage but
6,000 leagues ; to pass by the Straits of Magellan to Cathay is
15,000 leagues. In 67 degrees it is bright day all the 24 hours in the
month of June. [Three quarters of a page, mutilated by fire.
Brit. Mus., Otho., VIII.Jol. 216.]

1 576. 24. Names of Adventurers in Martin Frobisher's first voyage for

discovery of the North-west passage, with the amounts subscribed.
Sir Thomas Gresham, William Burde, Michael Lok, and Alderman
Win. Bond, 100. each ; Lord Treasurer Burghley, The Earls of
Sussex, Warwick, and Leicester, and Edmond Hogan, 50. each ;
Secretary Walsyngham, Phillip Sydney, Lionell Duckett, Mathew
Fyeld, Anthony Jenckynson, Mathew Kyndersley, Christopher
Andrewes, Robert Martin, and Thos. Randall [Randolphe ?], 251.
each; total stock, 875?. [Half a page. Extract, DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. GXIX., No. 34. Gal, p. 573. See list of names, 30 March 1577,
Indosure //.]

12 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1576.

July 2. 25. Tlics. Page to Sec. Sir Win. Cecil. His hopes of Sir Edward
Kelly frustrated, for the working him to be a favourer of the
attempt of a true discovery for China or the north-east part thereof,
otherwise called Cathay. Kelly greatly commended the enterprise,
but it was suspended upon better deliberation because of his secret
business. [Extract from DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. C VIII., No. 5 1 . Cal.,
p. 5*25.]

Dec, 26. Brief note of the' charges of the Gabriel, the Michael, and

pinnace for the first voyage to Cathay, &c., sent with Martin
Frobisher, in June 1507 [mistake for 1570]; total, 1,H8. 17*. 4(Z.,
which, with wages paid since their return until Dec. 1576, amounts
to 1,613J. 19*. '3d. The subscribed stock was 8751., Michael Lok
having disbursed the remaining 738J. 190. 3<J., "to his great
hindrance and great danger of it had been lost." The ships
and goods returned were sold on account of the second voyage
for 81 3^. 19s. 3tZ. The clear loss by this first voyage being 8(M,
" which the stock of the adventurers must bear until God send
better success." There rests 75. stock to the account, of the
second voyage. [Two jmyes. DOMESTIC, KHz., Vol. CX1X., No. 32.
Cal., p. 573. A duplicate copy is hi the British Museum, Lans-
doH'tw, XXIV., fol. 162. F rob inker started on his first voyage
7th June 1570, and returned to Harwich 2nd October following.
See Hall's account in Hakluyt, III., 52.]

27. Memorial of Michael Lok. His late father, Sir Wm. Lok,
alderman, kept him at school until 154-5, when he was 13, who being
sworn mercer and agent beyond the seas to King Henry VIII., sent
him to Flanders and France. Has travelled for 32 years through
almost all the countries of Christianity, and been captain of a ship
of 1,000 tons in divers voyages in the Levant. His knowledge in
languages and in all matters appertaining to the traffic of merchants.
Of late renewed his old acquaintance with Martin Frobisher, joined
with and furnished him with things necessarj' for his first voyage
lately made to the north-westward for the discovery of Cathay and
other new countries, " which hitherto have been hidden by the
slothfulness of some, and policy of others." In this voyage such
new lands have been discovered as will very shortly yield great
honour to the Queen, and infinite treasure and benefit to the whole
realm. Because since Frobisher's return men speak diversely of his
doings, Lok gives a full account of them. In 1574, Frobisher
brought a letter from the Queen to the Muscovy Company, exhorting
them to again attempt the discovery to Cathay, 20 years having passed
since their first enterprise, or else to grant their licence to others who
are desirous to do so. Conference with Geo. Barn, now sheriff of
London, \Vm. Towerson, and Stephen Borowgh, on behalf of the
Muscovy Company, Lok having charge of the Company's business
and " understanding the ground of this case." The Company's
unfavourable answer. Second letter from the Queen, procured by
Frobisher, requiring the Company either to attempt the matter
themselves or to grant licence to another to do it by the north-
westward. Licence granted, in Feb. 1575, to Lok, Frobisher, and

EAST INDIES.

1576.

such others as would be adventurers. The enterprise stayed that
year for lack of money. Two barks, of 25 tons each, furnished the
following year, being the Gabriel, Chris. Hall master, and the
Michael, Owen Gryffyn master ; also a pinnace of 10 tons, Martin
Frobisher captain and pilot : in all 34 persons, who left GraVesend
12 June 1576. The learned man, "John Dee," favours the enter-
prise and offers to further it with instruments and advice ; meeting
at Lok's house of Dee, Frobisher, Borowgh, Hall, and another.
Reasons for Lok's " conjectures and probabilities " of a passage ;
his acquaintance with Sir Humphrey Gylberte about Easter, 1575,
and approval of his book printed in May 1575, " for the maintenance
of the good hope and likelihood in this enterprise of new discovery,"
though well known to them long before. Pains taken by Wm.
Borowgh in furnishing the ships, though he was not so well
persuaded of the enterprise as to venture his money. Considera-
tions which moved Lok to advance this new voyage and adventure
his money so largely. Speaks of the rare and valiant Frobisher
who has put his life in so great hazard, and endured such great
labours for the benefit of his country, " as the like is not to be read
of in any history." Will briefly show his good will towards
Frobisher by declaring the truth of him and his doings. Frobisher
was born of honest parentage, gentlemen of a good house and
antiquity, who sent him to London to school; his kinsman Sir
John York, deceased, "perceiving him to be of great spirit and
bold courage, and natural hardness of body," sent him to Guinea,
" In which voyage, c." [Here the page abruptly ends. On the
opposite side of the same leaf begins an] Account of the voyage set
forth from Gravesend 12th June 1576. Great storm in which they
lost sight of their pinnace with three men, "which they could
never since hear of." llth July had sight of land unknown to
them, by conjecture should seem to be the great island of
Friezland ; observations of the eastern side. Separated from the
Michael, which came to Labrador, "but found it so compassed
with monstrous high islands of ice that they durst not approach,"
but sailed homeward and arrived at London, September 1. Dan-
gers to the Gabriel averted by the valiant courage of the captain.
Reached Labrador on 29th July, the headland whereof Frobisher
named Elizabeth Foreland ; description of it ; in 16 days, the ice
being well consumed, the master of the ship landed upon the first
island and named it Hall's Island. Discovery of Frobisher 's
Sir eight, and of an island where the captain and six of his men
landed and found seven strange boats ; a skiff sent to view and
have speech with the men, one of them came aboard the ship who
" made great wondering at all things." The captain perceiving
these strange people to be of a nature given to fierceness and rapine,
and not himself prepared for defence, departed to another island
very near the main land on the north side. Discovery of two head-
lands at the farthest end of the straits ; by reason there was no
likelihood of land to the northward, the great brode open be-
tween, and the great flood tides they judged to be the West Sea,

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1570.

whereby to pass to Cathay and to the East Indies. Further observa-
tions : finding of the walls of 12 old houses of the countrylike
cottages, but no j>eople in them ; and of three houses covered with
the leather of seal skins like tents ; and also two dogs. Intercourse
with the natives, who came in a great boat and made signs of friend-
ship; " their manner of life and food, which is very beastly." The cap-
tain had talk with one of these strange men that he should be their
pilot through the straits into the West Sea ; no trust to be given to
such a pilot, nor to any of the people. Foolish mind of the mariners
to have traffic on land ; five of them rowed out of sight of the ship
contrary to the captain's commands ; and " after that hour he never
saw them nor could hear anything of them." Remained a day and
a night at anchor, judging they were kept by force, and out 20th
August sailed along by their houses as near as possible, when a
trumpet was sounded and ordnance fired, but Frobisher could neither
see nor hear anything of his boat and men ; further unsuccessful
efforts and despair of their recovery. All oppressed with sorrow
that Frobisher should return home without an evidence or token of
any place where he had been. Sudden appearance of a number of
boats and men of the country coining towards the ship ; measures
of precaution to receive them ; signs of friendship ; small presents
given from the ship's side to one of them ; endeavour of one of the
mariners to take him and his boat with a boat hook ; the man sus-
picious, but suddenly seized by the captain, and by main force pulled
on board while in the act of receiving the present of another bell.
Signs made to bring the five Englishmen when he should be set at
liberty, " but he would not seem to understand his meaning, and
therefore he was still kept in the ship with sure guard." All this
was done within arrow-shot of his fellows, who departed in great
haste, howling like wolves or other beasts. Stay of the ship two
days, but no news of the missing men or boat. Resolution con-
sidering their weak state, having but 13 men and boys left in the
ship, to sail for England with this strange man prisoner, which they
did on 25th August, having sight of Friezland on their way. Great
storms. In sight of the Orkney Isles on 25th September ; arrival
at Harwich in safety on 2d October, and at London on 9th October
[1570], and "there were joyfully received with the great admiration
of the people, bringing with them their strange man and his boat,
which was such a wonder unto the whole city and to the rest of the
realm that heard of it, as seemed never to have happened the like
great matter to any man's knowledge." Lok is not able to give
Frobisher his due commendation for this great and strange attempt
so well accomplished, but leaves it to others better able to do so.
Description of the person and manners of this strange man, very
broad face and very fat and full in body ; legs short and small, and
out of proportion ; long hanging coal-black hair, tied above his fore-
head ; little eyes and a little black beard ; skin of a dark sallow,
much like the tawny Moors, " or rather to the Tartar nation,
whereof I think he was;" countenance sullen or churlish, but sharp.
[Nineteen pages and a quarter. A different and fuller account

EAST INDIES. 15

1576.

in many particulars of Frobisher' s first voyage to either Hall's
or Capt. Best's accounts, printed in Rakluyt, III., 52 and 73.
Mutilated by fire. British Museum, Otho, VIII., fols. 41-43 and
46-53.]

1 576 ? 28. Petition of Martin Frobisher to the Queen. That in respect of

his late discoveries to the North-west, and his great charges, letters
patent may be granted to him and his heirs for ever, appointing
him High Admiral of those seas already or hereafter to be discovered
by him, with government by land of all people in those discovered
parts ; also five per cent, upon the clear gain of every thing brought
from such lands, and one per cent, to his heirs for ever ; also, privi-
lege to make free yearly of this voyage six persons, and to receive
one ton freight of every hundred tons brought from thence. [One
page. Indo-rsed " Mr. Martin Furbisher's petitions to hir Ma tie
to be grawnted to him in respect of his travayle allready and here-
after to be bestowed in discoverie of new lands." DOMESTIC, Eliz,,
Vol. CXIX., No. 31. Gal, p. 572.]

1576? 29. Note of the provision and furniture necessary for the second

voyage for the discovery of Cathay, &c. ; total estimated amount,
6,280?. ; for one ship of 140 tons, one of 120 tons, two barks of
25 tons each, and five shallop boats with tackle and furniture,
2,320?. ; victuals for 180 men for eighteen months, 2,1 60Z. ; wages,
600?. ; and clothes, kerseys, cottons, friezes, tin, lead, copper,
kettles, and other merchandise, 1,200?. A marginal note adds,
" a great piece of this charge cut off, for there went but one ship
and two barks in this voyage." [The charges for this voyage were
4,350?. See 24th Dec., 1577.]

On the inner page are the

Heads of a petition to the Queen. For a grant of incorporation by
letters patent to the first venturers afld their successors. Mr.
Frobisher to govern the men. For a warrant to take ships and
victuals at reasonable prices, and press men at reasonable wages.
For power to appoint officers for the good government of the Com-
pany. That ships may be ready to depart on their voyage 10th of
March next, and that a secret commission may supply Mr. Fro-
bisher's and Mr. Hawlle's [Christopher Hall, master of the Gabriel]
charges " upon any mishap, and to be kept secret until time of
need." [Together, one page and a half. Indorsed, " A note of
the charges of the provisions for the 2 voyage for the discovery of
Cathay. The petitions of the adventurers thither for an incorpora-
tion." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXI., No. 49. Gal., p. 540.]

1576. 30. " Articles of grant from the Queen's Majesty to the Company

of Cathay," with marginal notes by Lord Burghley [printed in
brackets]. All the first venturers, with Michael Lok and Martin
Frobisher, in the first voyage, to be one company and corporation
for ever [" all things to be granted to be compared in form with the
charter of Muscovia"], to be named the Company of Cathay, with
power to admit others, to keep courts, choose a governor, two

COLONIAL PAPERS.

157C.

:>7G.

consuls ixnd twelve assistants for three years, and afterwards two
governors, four consuls, and twenty-four assistants, to be elected
every three years. Authority to make laws, levy fines, and imprison ;
to :ij.|..iint one or two Serjeants, revoke former laws, have a common
seal, sue in any court, purchase lands and tenements to the value of
100/. rent, sell and make leases, possess and enjoy all their goods,
and do all things as amply as any other corporation. Sole privilege
to pass and trade through all seas and countries, between the north-
west and south, and in whatever part of the world, which, before the
late voyage of discovery made by Martin Frobisher to the north-
westward, had been unknown or net commonly frequented [" as
much hereof as shall not be contrary to the former charters of
the merchants of Muscovia, to be accorded."] Forfeiture of
shipping and goods of those so passing not free of the corporation.
Power to repulse all who disturb or intermeddle in their trade.
Privileges of customs. In consideration of his " industry, good
direction, and great travail in the first voyage lately attempted by
Martin Frobisher, gent," Michael Lok of London, mercer, to be
the first Governor of the Company for life, and because "of his great
cost, charges, and venture " to receive to his own use for ever 1 per
cent, upon all goods exported from thence. Martin Frobisher, for
his "industry, good order, and great travail' in his late voyage, to
be Admiral of all new discoveries for life, and for " his good service"
to have also 1 per cent, for ever upon all gocds exported. Male
children of the first adventurers and their heirs to be admitted to
the privileges of the Company gratis. [Four itayes. Indorsed
l.">7(>, <tnd as above. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CX., No. 21. Cat.,
p.

31. " Articles consented and fully agreed by the Company of Ca-
thay." Michel Lok to be governor of the Company for six years, A. B.
to beconsuls,.as.sistants, and agent, and Edmond llogan treasurer for
three years. Martin Frobisher to be " General Captain by sea and
Admiral of the ships and navy of the Company " during life, with
the yearly stipend of (h-ft blank}, and he and Lok to have one per
cent, upon goods exported on account of the Company. A single
share to be 1 0()/. stock ; no person to have above five shares.
Liberty to the first adventurers to put in double stock. New stock
to be wound up every three years. Persons admitted to the next
coming voyage to pay 3u/. to words the charges and losses sustained
by the first voyage. Power to Lok and Frobisher to admit five persons
each to the freedom of the Company gratis. No one to be admitted
for three years after this next voyage, when a fine of 200?. must be
paid for the benefit of the whole Company. A warehouse, officers, and

sen-ants to be hired, goods to be marked k). Male children of the

first adventurers, and their heirs, to be admitted free ; any one dying
without male issue may will his freedom. [Two payes. Endorsed
" 15TC. Articles of Agreement between the Company of Kathai."
Burghley has <7<W thee nanie* : Sir Thos. Gresham, Alderman
Duckett, AkJ^fwa-4iemU^'c), dm. Huyyyn [Uoyan], Win. Bond,

EAST INDIES. 17

1576.

Wm. Byrd, [A.] Jenckynson, Mr. Randolphe, Sir Wm. Wynter,
Sir Humphrey Qylberte, Jenckynson, Mr. Holstock, Gunston.
DOMESTIC, Eliz. t Vol. CX., No 22. Cal. 3 p. 533.]

1577. 32. Brief note of the charges of the Ayde, the Gabriel, and the

Michael, for the second voyage for Cathay, &c. The amount, 4400?.,
is " guessed very near the truth, for that the accounts are not yet
brought in perfectly." The subscribed stock, 3,000?., -whereof is
yet received but 2,500?. Michael Lok beseeches that the adventurers
will take order presently to discharge the remainder, 1,400?., owing
to divers men for things supplied for the voyage. [One page.
Endorsed, " A brief note of the charge and furniture of the three
ships sent to Cathay this second voyage," and in another hand,
" set downe by gesse, imperfect/' DOMESTIC Eliz., Vol. CXTK.,
No. 33. Cat., p. 573. Frobisher started on his second voyage 26 May
1577, and returned to Milfoi'd Haven 23 September following, see
Settle's account in Hakluyt, ///., p. 56.]

March 30. 33. Sir Wm. Wynter, Thos. Randolphe, G. Wynter, A. Jenkinson,
London. Edmond Hogan, and Michael Lok, to the Privy Council, and " other
the Adventurers of the intended voyage to Cathay." According to
their letters of the 17th present, with command to undertake the
care of " the through and speedy setting forth to the sea of Mr.
Furbisher with the shipping thought meet to pass with him for the
discovery pretended," they find upon the examination of Furbisher
and others, with him in his last voyage, and the perusal of other
matters, " that the supposed streight which Mr. Furbisher doth set
out is so far forth as we can gather and judge a 'teneth,' and
therefore a thing worthy in our opinions to be followed." Number
of vessels, men, provisions, and other necessaries for the voyage,
the charge of which amounts to 4,500?., towards which there is
already in value 1,000?. The residue to be levied upon such as are
or will be adventurers. Speedy order to be taken for bringing in
the money to Mr. Huggins [? Hogan] appointed treasurer of the
Company ; without which nothing can be done. If it be longer
deferred time will not serve this year to take the voyage in hand.
Inclose^

I. Particulars of the shipping, men, provisions, and other
necessaries thought meet for the voyage intended by Mr.
Frobisher. The Ayde of 200 tons, with 65 mariners and
25 soldiers ; the Gabriel of 15 tons, with 10 mariners and
3 soldiers ; the Michcel of 25 tons, with 10 mariners and
2 soldiers. Estimate of the proportion of victuals for
the 115 me n, which include 41. for prunes, raisins,
almonds, and licorice in sickness. Total amount 4,500?.

March 26, 1577.

ii. The venturers in the second voyage for Cathay, &c. :

In the I n the

1st voyage. ^ 1st voyage.

The Queen's Majesty 500 50. Earl of Sussex - 100
50. Lord High Treasurer 100 Earl of Bedford - 25

50. Lord High Admiral 100 50. Earl of Warwick - 100

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1577.

/alb

Uf vapigt.

50. Earl of Leicester

Earl of Pembroke -
Lord Hunwloit,
Lord Cfias. Howard -
Sir Fran. Knollys
Sir Jas. Croft -

25. Afr.Fra*. Walsyngham

25. Mr. Phillip Sydney, -
Lady Anne Talbot -
Mrs. Mary Sydney -

100. Sir T/ios. G-re#ham -

25. Sir Lionell Duckett -
Si r He n i*y Knevet
Kir Win. Wynter

25. Mr. Thomas Randall
[Randolphef]
Mr. Geo. Wynter

25. Anthony 'Jenclcynson
William Sakford
William Kyllyyreiv -

1m the

J- 1 it voyage. <**

100 Symon Boyer - 25

100 Geoffrey Turvyle - 25

50 William Paynter - 25

50 Ricftard Boyland - 25

50 1 00. Michael Lok - - 300

50 50. Edmond Hogan -100

50 Mathew Fyeld - - 50

50 100. Wm. Bond, younaer - 200
25 25. Mathew Kyndersley - 50

25 Robert Kytidersley - 50
200 25. Christopher Andrewes 50
50 25. Robert Martin - 50

25 Henry Lok - - 25
50 Thomas Mar she - 25
50 William Ormshaiv - 25

Olyffe Bur re - 100

50 Thvinas Chester, 25

50 Thos. Kelke, } O f 25

25 Thos. A Idworthe \- Bristol 25

25 Robert Halton \ 25

[Hattonfy

all 850 (sic) 3,225

All the 30th March 1577.

April 22.

[Letter and inclosures, seven pafjes and a half.
Indorsed, "30 Martii 1577. From Sir W. Winter,
Mr. Randolph, and other. Report of the charges
and necessaries for the voyage of Mr. Furbusher by
the LI. order. 2 Aprilis, a letter is written to the
adventurers to bring in their money with speed." The
Queen, subsequently increased her adventure to 1,000?.,
and it will be seen that this list very materially differs
from other lists, dated July 7 and December 24, 1577,
[pl>. 23-29,] at which latter period the sum received
for the tu'o voyage* amounted to 5,150?. DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXI., Nos. 48, 48. r., n. Cal, p. 540.]

34. Michael Lok to the Queen. On 13 October last Frobisher
gave him a stone aboard his ship, in presence of Rowland Yorke and
another, " the first thing that he found in the new land." Gave
pieces to Mr. Williams, assay master of the Tower, to Wheeler a
gold refiner, and to Geo. Nee Jham, but they found no metal In
January last he gave pieces to John Baptista Agnello, who made
three several proofs and showed Lok gold. On 18 January received
from Agnello the grain of gold, " which afterwards I delivered to
Your Majesty." Particulars of further conferences with Agnello,
who desired " to have some quantity thereof for our own account,"
and exhorted Lok to secrecy. Informed Frobisher "at my table at
dinner " that three or four had found nothing in the stone, but that
one man had found a little silver " which was worthy of the fetching
away, whereat he was very glad." On 28th January gave her

EAST INDIES.

1577.

Majesty in writing a true account of all he knew about it.
Interviews with Sec. Walsyngham, who thought Agnello to be
but an alchemist/ but said he would give three or four pieces to
divers men to make proofs. On 31st January Agnello devised that
a ship might secretly fetch " the thing ;" proposed to send one in
company with Captain Frobisher under colour of fishing, and when
the captain was gone through to Cathay, to lade "this thing" for
ballast. Saw Mr. Secretary 1st February. Dyar and others had
toade proofs and found a little silver, and Walsyngham was therefore
persuaded that Baptista did but play the alchemist. On 4th February
Agnello resolved that he had a friend who would furnish a ship,
and that if Lok would give a man to show him the place he would
give Lok 2,01. per ton for 100 tons, and would teach him the art.
Further discourse with Mr. Secretary who promised to move the
Queen to license a ship to pass thither. Advised Baptista to disclose
the matter to Her Majesty, so that the truth might be discovered ;
saw him and Mr. Secretary again, the latter promised to get licence
for a ship of 100 tons to fetch this ore, if Baptista would put in good
securities for payment. Talk of a contract with Baptista, who offers
to pay 30?. a ton for the ore delivered free. Mr. Secretary then
promises to move the Queen upon Lok's offer to pay Her Majesty
3,0001. for licence to fetch 300 tons of ore. Was asked on 16th March
by Walsyngham, if Mr. Frobisher knew of this matter ; said, no, nor
any other person but the Queen, himself, and Baptista. Urged daily
by Baptista to complete the contract, which he did on 19th March ;
found Sir John Barkley 's name subscribed as surety " a thing veiy
strange unto me," never having spoken with Barkley. On the
20th Walsyngham asked him to impart the matter to Frobisher and
also for another piece of the ore ; Lok did so and took it, at Mr. Secre-
tary's request, to one Geffrey, a Frenchman, who said he found nothing
but a little silver. On 28th March was at Sir Wm. Wynter's house,
with others commissioned by Her Majesty, " to consider upon all
matters requisite for the furniture and dispatch of Mr. Frobisher for
Cathay.'' Conference with Wynter, who wished Lok to talk with
him in a matter of importance. Sir John Barkley, Sir William
Morgan, and others, had made proofs of the ore in a house at Lam-
beth. Wynter's opinion that it was a far greater treasure than was
known. Has since been convinced by further proof which " I have
seen made by the same workmen, which holdeth more than four
ounces of gold in a hundred weight of ore." Thinks Her Majesty
has been fully certifiecbof this matter bv, Sir William Wynter and
Captain Frobisher. Urges order to be given " in secreto quanta si
puo, et con fortessa, et con espeditione, least foreign princes set foot
therein." Beseeches the Queen " to behold the situation of the
world in this small carta herewithal presented truly though grossly
made according to my skill." The doings of Sir John Barkley, Sir
Wm. Morgan, with the Dutchmen, their workmen have been the
means of this secret being discovered, utterly without his knowledge,
although he understands by Baptista's letter inclosed that the blame
is laid upon him. Has truly set down all his proceedings in this
matter. Requests Baptista's writings may be returned to him.

B 2

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1-77.

April.

May 17.

[Eiyht images. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIL, No. 25. Cal, p. 643.

Incloses,

34. I. Six writings from John Baptitda Agnello to M ichael Lok,
alluded to 'in the above, dated in January and February,
1577. [Italian. Fastened on one sheet. Ibul]

34. n. The contract above referred to between Michael Lok, an
English merchant, and John Baptista Agnello, a Vene-
tian, resident in London. Signed by Lok; Agnello, and
Sir John Barkley. 19th March, 1577. [Italian and
English. Two pages. Ibid.]

34. in. Agnello to Lok. Report that the blame is laid upon Lok

as author of the speech that is abroad which Jtas divulged*
the secret of the richness of the ore. 4th April, 1577.
[Italian. Three quarters of a page. Ibid.]

35. [Lok] to [the Queen]. Copy of the first seven lines of the
above. [One page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII.,
fol. 456.]

36. Names of " the prisoners who Mr. Frobisher hath out of
certain prisons to go with him to Cathay, and their offences."
John Bromley, Jas. Bowyer, Thos. Randoll alias Reynoldes, John
Smythe, Rich. Skyll, Thos. Welder, Christ Robinson, John Robertas
alias Beggar, Jerome Dudley, Geo. Mayner, and Rich. Ramberte ;
mostly convicted of robbery by the highway. [One page. Indorsed
as above, and "April 1577- The names of the convicted prisoners
that went with Mr. Furbisher. Bromley went not with him, but
remaineth presently in prison." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIL,
JV046. Cal. p. 515.]

37. Instructions given to our loving friend Martin Frobisher,
gentleman, for orders to be observed in the voyage now recom-
mended to him for the North-west parts and Cathay. To be captain-
general of the Ayde, Gabriel, and Michael. One hundred and twenty
persons to furnish the vessels ; 90 mariners, gunners, and carpenters,
and the other 30, merchants, miners, and refiners. Victuals for seven
months. To receive no disorderly person. To depart before the
20th present, and to take his course by the north or west. To leave
six of the condemned persons in Friezland to learn the state of the
country. Once past England, Scotland, and Ireland, to direct his
course to HaJJ's Island, in the*entrance of the supposed strait,
"which we name Frobisher's Streight, discovered by yourself this last
year." To harbour at Hall's Island, arid go with some apt vessel to
the mines, whence he brought the ore last year. After, to go with
the two smaller vessels to the place where he lost his men and
boat, there seek for harbours, mines, and his lost men, and discovc
more westward, to be certain he has entered into the South Sei
To return in due time ; consider what places are fit to fortify
defend the mines and possess the country. To leave some to wint
in the strait if it be possible, instructing them to observe the nature
of the air and the state of the country when it is most free from ice.

EAST INDIES.

1577.

May 17.

To leave a pinnace, with victuals and weapons, with them. If the
mines fail, to send the Ayde home, and with the two barks proceed
towards the discovery of Cathay. To be careful of his safety, and
give no offence to the people. To return by the west of Ireland,
and so by the Narrow Seas of England to London. Not t6 bring
over above three or four [afterwards altered to eight or ten] of
the people of that country, both old and young, "whom we
mind shall not return again thither, and therefore ye shall have
great care how you do take them, for avoiding of offence towards
them and the country." [Seven pages. Draught with correc-
tions. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIIL, No. 13 Gal., p. 546. Indorsed,
" 1577. A draught for instructions for Mr. Frobisher, May 22."
The date at the commencement of this paper has been altered from
the Xllfh to the X Vllth May. There are copies of these instructions
in the British Museum; Earl. IQS.fol. 88; Otho, VIII., fol. 107-
110; Sloane, 2442, fol. 48; and an abstract in Burn., 390, fol. 43.
The ships sailed for this second voyage on the 26th May. This
paper is also indorsed, " A. 1577. Bundle of matters concerning
Mr. Frobisher's voyage into the North-west parts, his instructions,
names of the adventurers with him, with articles.'' These, so far
as they have been found; are placed and will be found calendared
under their respective dates.]

38. Entry of the preceding, with two or three trifling alterations,
probably errors in copying. On the margin Sir Joseph Williamson
has written " Frobisher's Straights." [One page and three quarters
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXXIV., pp. 420, 421. Gal, p. 546.]

39. Fair copy of the above, with alterations and additions. In
article 4, to receive no disordered person, has been added (t except
such as ye have received by our order that were prisoners and
condemned persons." In article 16, and the last of the above, the
number of people of the country to be brought over is altered from
3 or 4 to 8 or 10, and another article is added ; To give express
command to the refiners and tryers of the ore not to discover the
secret of the riches of the mines. [Five pages and a quarter.
Indorsed, " A draught of Instructions for Martin Frobisher,
gentleman." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIIL, No. 12. Cal, p. 547.[

40. Abstract of the preceding, omitting the last article. [One
page. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIIL, No. 14. Cal, p. 546.]

[May 26.] 41. " The doings of Michael Lok for the voyage of Cathay, &c."
After seven years' residence in Flanders, Lok went to Spain in 1552
to follow his trade of merchandise, where he saw the marvellous great
trade of the Spanish West Indies, and in Lisbon the great traffic into
the East Indies, from whence were yearly brought jewels, spices, and
other rich merchandise. Has studied history and otherwise searched
and inquired these 24 years, travelling through almost all the
countries of Christianity, and spent more than 500?. in books, maps,
charts, and instruments ; written a ream of paper of notes, " whereby
I am persuaded of great matters." In 1574 renewed his old

22 COLONIAL PAPERS.

J577.

. acquaintance with Martin Frobisher, and *' finding him expert, fit,

and ready to execute so great attempts, I joined with him." Pro-
cured from the Muscovy Company a privilege for the discovery of
Cathay by the north-west. Instructed Frobisher in his skill, " to
my |>ower advanced him to the world with credit when he had
none," and furnished him with ships and necessaries for that voyage
first made, whereby is " discovered the matter of so great importance
and the world of so great wonder." Disbursed 1,600?. of which he
received but 800?. from other adventurers, " without which he
[Frobisher] had never gone out of England in this voyage." His
very great charges these two years since Frobisher hath been in
London, who " eat the most of his meat at my table freely and
gladly." Had Lok followed his vocation only as other merchants he
might have gotten 1 0,000?., but God has forced him, as it were, to the
study of this matter. Depends on Him and the Queen's Majesty for
a recompense and help " in this great new matter now enterprized
by mo and Martin Frobisher, whereof God give good success."
[Tu-o jute/ex and a quarter. Indorsed, as above. DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CXIX., No. 29 Cal., p. 572. The date is supplied by a dupli-
cate copy In the British Museum, Lansdowne, XXIV., fol. G2.]

May 26. 42. Another copy of part of the preceding, commencing from when
Lok renewed his acquaintance with Frobisher in 1574, with the
following addition : That in this second voyage now on* the way
under Frobisher, all the labour has passed through Lok 's hands, the
cost, 4,400?., being all furnished upon Lok's credit, of which he has
received but 2,500?. Knows not whether he shall receive 3,000?.,
and of whom to recover the rest 1,400?, yet he has furnished the
ships, " or else this voyage would not be made this year at all."
[One page, mutilated by fire. Headed "... delivered to me
by . . . October 29, and read by him again with vtker his like
. . . proceedings about the *aid voyage. A. 1577, December 12."
British Museum, Otho, VII I., fol. 45.] *

1577 ? 43. Petition of Isabel Frobisher to Sec. Sir Fras. Walsyngham.
" In her most lamentable manner showeth unto your honor, your
humble oratrix Isabel Frobisher, the most miserable poor woman in
the world." Was some time the wife of Thos. Riggat, of Snathe,
co. York, a very wealthy man, who left her in very good state, and
good jK)rtions to all her children. Afterwards took to husband
Mr. Capt. Frobisher (< whom God forgive !"), who has spent all,
and put them to the wide world to shift. Her children of her first
husband are with her in a poor room at Harnpstead ready to starve.
Prays that one Kempe may be ordered to pay her 4?., due to her
husband, or for some relief until Frobisher 's return, to keep them
from famishing. [Half a pane. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CLL,
No. 17.]

44. " Request of John Frobisher " to the Queen. Her Majesty was
pleased to bestow upon him a lease about five years ago, for the
recovery of which he has been in suit ever since, and has nowhere

EAST INDIES. 23

1577.

to seek redress but through the Queen's goodness. Desires but to
live with credit as the Queen's servant, with a penny a day rather
than under foreign princes. Prays to be employed in Her Majesty's
present service, or else to have some relief, " that I may but live/'
[One page. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CLL, No. 16. Indorsed, ds above,
also " Marten Frobisher /' a contemporary indorsement]

July 7. 45. " A brief note," similar to that calendared at pp. 17, 18, but in
which the amounts somewhat vary, being indorsed " perfect." The
charges are set down at 4,328?. 17s. 6c?.. The subscribed stock at
3,500?., whereof is received 3,000?. The deficit, which Lok has promised
to pay for victuals and necessaries, " by order of the Commissioners,"
828?. 17s. 6c?., is "more than he is able to bear." Also list of the
names of those who have paid their adventure in the first and
second voyages. The payments for the second voyage amount to
3,000?, -.being 1,000?. from the Queen ; 200?. each from Sir Harry
Wallop " and others/' Sir William Wynter, and Michael Lok ; 175?.
from Sec. Walsyngham; 150?. from the Earl of Pembroke; 100?.
from Lord Admiral Clinton ; 50?. each from the Lord Chamberlain,
Earl of Sussex, Earl and Countess of Warwick, Mr. Treasurer
[Sir Edw. Montague ?], Wm. Pelham, Edm. Hogan, Robt. Kyn-
dersley, Rich. Yonge, Thos. Allyn, Christ. Hoddesdonn, Mat. Smyth,
Geof. Turvyle, Wm. Paynter, Ric. Boyland, and Geo. Wynter ; and
25?. each from the Countess of Pembroke, Lady Anne Talbot,
Philip Sydney, Sir Lionell Duckett, Thos. Randall [Randolphe ?],
Edw. Dyar, Ant. Jenckynson, Mat. Fyeld, and "Wm. Ormeshawe.
And the names of those who have not paid their adventure for
the second voyage ; total, 500?. ; being 100?. each from the Earl
of Exeter and Sir Thos. Gresham ; 50?. each from Lord Treasurer
Burghley, Mr. Comptroller [Sir Jas, Croft ?], Lord Hunsdon, Lord
Chas. Howard, and Geo. Wynter ; and 25?. each from the Earl
of Bedford and Simon Boyer. These accounts have been " pe-
rused/' and Michael Lok, appointed treasurer, has promised to pay
the creditors the deficit. [Three pages. Indorsed " 1577. A
brief account of the first and second voyages for Cathay, &c."
and in another hand, "perfect." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX.,
No. 34. Cat., p. 573. See 24th Deo., 1577. A duplicate copy is in
Brit. Mus., Lansdowne, XXIV., fol. 62.]

1577. 46. Names of the Adventurers for the first voyage to the North-

west, and of " the new adventurers." A rough draft, in which
the subscribed capital amounts to 4,550?. [Two pages. In-
dorsed, l( Note of the Adventurers for the voyage of Cathay."
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No. 36. Gal., p. 573.]

J^ily 8. 47. Names of the Adventurers in the second voyage who have not
paid their money as yet : Earl of Leicester and Sir Thomas
Gresham, 100?. each ; the Lord High Treasurer, Controller of the
Queen's Household, Lord Hunsdon, Lord Chas. Howard, and Geo.
Wynter, 50?. each ; and Simon Boyer, 25?. ; total, 475?. Also of
those who were venturers in the first voyage, and will not supply
in the second voyage; Wm. Burde and Wm. Bond 100?. each;
and Mathew Kyndersley, Christopher Andrewes, and Robt. Mar-

4 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1577.

. tin, 25?. each ; total, 275?. [Half a page, mutilated. British
Museum, Lansdowne, XXI V., p. 162. Anottter copy of the remain-
ing part of this document is in the Record Office. See next article.}

[July 8.] 48. Names of those who have subscribed but not performed,
besides the others aforesaid, contained in the account : Earl of
Bedford, Dr. Wilson, and Wm. Borowgh, 50?. each ; Sir Thos.
Garrard, Sir Henry Knevet, Sir Humphrey Gylberte, Edward
Dyar, Wm. Kyllygrew of the privy chamber, and Wm. Orrneshawe,
25?. each ; total, 300?. Also list ot those who were named but have
not subscribed : The Lord Keeper, Lord Cobham, and Sir Wm.
Morgan, 100?. each ; Mr. Hatton, Mr.Heneage, Mr. Sakford, master
of requests, Air. Edward Horsey, Thos. Ryvett, and Richard Martyn
of the Mint, 50?. each ; also Mr. Secretary "Woolley, Mr. Sakford of
the privy chamber, and Mr. Owen of the Temple, 25?. ; total, 675J.
[In the copy in the British Museum, Landxdowne, XXIV., p. 162,
is added, " Upon hope of the money of all these men or of others,
the ships were prepared and the voyage furnished." One page.
Indorsed " A note of such as have been or not been venturers in
the first and second voyage to Cathay." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol.
CXIX., No. 45. Cal., p. 573 : the date is supplied by the preceding]

1577. 49. Names of the Venturers in the second voyage for Cathay, &c.

[and afterwards added], besides the venture in the first voyage.
The amounts subscribed are not stated in this list, which is headed
by the Queen, and comprises thirty-eight other persons whose names
have been already abstracted. [One page and a Jialf. Indorsed
" The names of the Venturers in the second voyage of Cathay."
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No. 40. Cal, p. 573.]

1577. 50. Another cop} 7 of the preceding, but with the amounts sub-

scribed added. [One page and a half. Indorsed " The names of the
Venturers (with their several sums) in the second voyage to Cathay."
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No. 41. Cal., p. 573.]

Sept. ? 51. Michael Lok to the Privy Council. The Ayde and Gabriel have

arrived at Bristol. Suggests that Frobisher should discharge thq
ore there, and that it be kept in the- castle or other safe place under
four locks, the keys to be left with the Mayor of Bristol, Sir Rich.
Barkley, Mr. Frobislier, and himself. Proposals for obtaining 800?.
for the soldiers and mariners' wages, one of which is " if it would
please the Queen's Majesty to prest the same for three months until
ore may be melted down." The Michael has arrived in safety in
the Thames. The Commissioners think good to put the ore under
locks and keys, into Sir Wm. Wynter's house on St. Katherine's
Hill, " where they have already made a furnace to melt down the
same." Requests that the Commissioners Sir Wm. Wynter, Tftos.
Randall [? Randolphe], Geo. Wynter, Anthony Jenckynson, Edmond
Hogan, and himself, with Frobisher, and any others the Council
like, may determine on the speedy melting of the ore at Bristol and
London. In consideration of his " advancement of these voyagJ
for the space of three years," his good will and charge of keeping
all accounts without recompense, and of having been named
treasurer, " though he hath had but little treasure in his keeping,"

EAST INDIES. 25

1577.

requests that his office of treasurer may be ratified by the Council.
[One page and a half. Indorsed " M. Lok's Memorial.'* DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXV., No. 35. Cal, p. 556 ; with this note, " On the 28th
Sept. the Council directed Furbisher to unload his ships at Bristol.
Co. fieg."]

Oct. 13. 52. Note of money presently to be disbursed for mariners' wages, of
the three ships returned with Mr. Frobisher. Seven hundred pounds
for five months' wages from 1st June to 1st Oct. For 26 soldiers
for five months [BuRGHLEY has written " at 10s. the month "], and
for recompense for 14 gentlemen "as it shall please your honors.'*
It has been added that this money cannot yet be found ; if levied
upon the adventurers it will come to 25 per cent, of their venture ;
whether the two ships shall not discharge at London, and Michael
Lok continue treasurer. '_ [Three quarters of a page. Indorsed
" For the ships of Cathay, &c., to be unladen." DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CXVL, No. 14. Cal., p. 558.]

Oct. ? 53. Names of those who desire to be Adventurers now, which may

be granted upon the whole venture to supply money for wages.
"The prestfor wages need to be but 201. forlOOZ. stock. [Haifa
page. Indorsed, " A note of such as have not before and now
desire to be Adventurers in the North-west voyage." DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No. 43. Cal, p. 573. See following article}

Oct. ? 54. Names of those who desire now to be Adventurers in the goods

now come home, which may be granted upon the whole stock now
come home or else in the next adventure. Much fuller than the
preceding list which only contains fifteen names subscribing 375,
all of which are included in this list. Each adventure is 251, the
whole amount 6257. is subscribed for by the Lord Keeper, Earl of
Bedford, Mr. Comptroller, Earl of Oxford, Lords Hunsdon, Chas.
Howard, Cumberland, Cobham, and Wharton, Misters Hatton,
Heneage, and Horsey, Sir Hump. Gylberte, Mr. Woolley, "Wm.
Kyllygrew. Thos. Dudley, Ralph Lane, Hugh Smythe, John Dee,
Geofrye Duckett, Thos. Nycolls, Fras. Mylles, Laur. Tomson, Art.
Dawbney, John Castelin, and Thos. Csesar. [One page. Indorsed,
" A note of such as desire to be Adventurers in the Cathay voyage."
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No. 44. Cal, p. 573.]

Oct. 16. 55. Order of the Privy Council; 8001 being required for dis-
charge of the mariners and soldiers employed in the voyage towards the
North-west under Capt. Frobisher, the adventurers are directed to
contribute 20 per cent, of their venture, to be paid to Michael Lok,
treasurer for the company. [Half a page. Draft. Indorsed,
"An order of my Lords, the 16 of October 1577. For payment
to be made to the mariners and soldiers of the Cathay voyage."
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXVL, No. 24. Cal, p. 559.]

Oct. 16. 56. The Privy Council to Rich. Martin, warden, and Lainson,

Windsor Castle, workmaster of the Mint. It is the Queen's pleasure that certain
ore brought out of the North-west parts by Martin Frobisher should
be received by them into the Tower by weight, and that four locks
be put on the door where it is placed, the keys of which are to

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1577.

Nov. 23.

London.

Nov. 25.

Tower Hill.

Nov. 25.

Bristol.

be kept by Frobi.sher, Lok, and themselve. [In another hand is
added] : Ami it is further meant that they shall from time to time
deliver tho ore to be melted down, as directed by the Commissioners
appointed for oversight of the melting. [Three quarters of a page.
Indorsed, "17 Oct. 1577. M. from my Lords to the warden and
workmaster of the Mint touching the ore brought out of the North-
west" DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXVL, No. 25. Cat, p. 559.]

57. Michael Lok to Sec. Walsyngham. Much labour has been
bestowed upon trial of the ore brought home by Frobisher, yet it is
not brought to perfection. The three workmasters are jealous of
each other and loth to show their coining. The ore is very rich
and will yield better than 01. a ton clear of charges ; " this is
assuredly true, which may suffice to embrace the enterprise."
Walsyngham shall be better certified in a few days. [Three
quarters of a page. Indorsed, "23 Nov. 1577. From Mr. Mich.
Locke. That the goodness of the gold ore is declared." DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXVIII., No. 36. Cat., p. 507.]

58. Sir Wm. Wyiiter to Sec. Walsyngham. Frobisher has been
forced to delay going to Bristol until he might understand what
certain account was to be made of the ore ; he will write what has
been done hitherto. Albeit the ore does not appear to be of the
value looked for, if the workmen are to be believed, the commodity
may content reasonable minds. Thinks it will fall out better than
the workmen set it down. Will use all his travail that the Queen's
good hope be not made frustrate, yet is worse able to bear a loss
than Her Majesty. [One page and a half. Indorsed, " 25 Nov. 1577.
From Sir Win. Wynter. Touching the gold ore, what it will yield."
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXVIIL, No.W. CaL,p. 567.]

59. Capt. Edw. Fenton to Sec. Walsyngham. Delay in unloading
the ore in the Ayde and Gabriel, caused by Sir Rich. Barkley being
elsewhere employed in the Queen's service. About 1 24; tons of ore
in the Ayde and 1C tons in the Gabriel, all safely bestowed in
Bristol Castle. Beseeches the dispatch of all who have served in
this action. The gentlemen employed have attended here these two
months to small purpose, and are put to great charges. Their good
government " for so great virtues showed in so honorable an
action " deserves Her Majesty's favour and recompense. Specially
recommends the bearer Mr. [Henry] Carew, whose readiness and
wisdom deserve great commendation ; supposes " my General "
will say as much of his deserts. The ships should be unrigged
and the superfluous mariners and others discharged ; which if done
seven weeks ago had saved great charges. Sends report upon the
death of the man brought over with them by Dr. Doddinge, who
often visited him in his sickness. [One page. Addressed to " My
very good friend, &c."] Incloses,

i. Dr. Edward Donninge's report of the sickness and death at
Bristol of the man brought by Capt Frobisher from the
North-west, and of the nature of the u'oman of that
country yet living. Latin. [Two pages. DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXVIIL, Wos. 40, 40. 1. Cal.,p. 567.]

EAST INDIES.

1577.

Nov. 25. 60. Jonas Schutz to Sec. Walsyngharn. Has been appointed by
From the house commission from the Queen and Council to try the ore brought by

T i, - f i, i Captain Frobisher, but sickness has prevented him from accom-
John Mighelson . . *, . . , TT . ' , . . j f , /, . , , , / T

in pushing it. Having recovered, intends to finish the proof. Pro-

East Smithfield. m ises him half an ounce, " and if the next doth fall any better,
which I am in good hope," will bring a sample to Court on Satur-
, day. [One page. Indorsed, " 25th November, 1577. From Jonas
Schutz. Touching the gold ore." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXVIIL,
No.4>l. Cat, p. 567.]

Nov.?

Nov. 26.

Nov. 30.

London.

Dec. 6.

London.

61. Note of all the charges for melting down the gold ore, by Jonas
Schutz. Every ton of ore to yield SQL ; building the work-house
and furnaces, 400?. ; twelve workmen, and coal, wood, lead, &c., to
melt it down, weekly, 201. Engages that two tons "shall yield in
fine gold " twenty ounces. [One page. Indorsed, " A note of the
charges of trying two tons of the gold ore." DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CXVIIL, No. 42. Gal, p. 567.]

62. Dr. Burchard Kraurych (?) to Sec. Walsyngham. The
Queen having required him to make an assay of the ore brought by
Captain Frobisher, he has " proved it to the uttermost, and finds
not such great riches as is spoken and reported of." In a hundred
weight of the black ore he finds half an ounce of gold ; in the same
quantity of red ore two ounces of gold. Wishes the Queen would
allow a yearly consideration to an expert and skilful man in
minerals, to assay any foreign ore coming into this land, that Her
Majesty's subjects " may not be deceived by such vain and untrue
reports," and to teach others. Would willingly bestow his diligence
in that service, if age and sickness did not so oppress him. [Half
a page. Indorsed, " 26th Nov. 1577. From Doctor Burcott.
What he thinketh the gold ore will yield by the ton." Addressed
to " My singular good friend," frc. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX.,
No. 43. Gal, p. 567.]

63. Michael Lok to Sec. Walsyngham. Kefers to his previous letter
[of 23d Nov.] which he sent by Frobisher. The reason Lok and
Jonas did not attend Walsyngham at Court, Jonas is making trial
of another order of melting the ore at half the ordinary time and
charge. Will repair on Wednesday to Hampton Court " with full
and perfect resolution of all matters, to good liking, by God's grace,"
and then certify what he finds in Sir L. Duckett and Sir R. Hey-
ward in the matter declared by Mr. Waterhouse. His account, by
Frobisher, of the richness of the ore is very true. Much time lost.
Knows not where to impute the fault, " but to a sckisma grown
among us Commissioners through unbelief, or I cannot tell what
worse in some of us, which the time must opn." [One page. In-
dorsed, "30th Nov. 1577. From Mr. Michael Locke. Of Jonas
new maner of trialls of the gold ore. Alderman Duckett and he
will come and confer with me of that Mr. Waterhouse." DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXVIIL, No. 54. Col, p. 568.]

64. Sir Wm. Wynter and Michael Lok to Sec. Walsyngham. Have
been a long time about the second proof of the ore, the furnace not

28 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1577.

great enough to bring the work to the desired perfection, and yet
they find every ton of ore will yield 40J. in gold. Have tried divers
manners of working by sundry men, but cannot " say assuredly "
until the furnaces be made. Much time and money spent, yet their
expectation not satisfied. Conferences with Jonas [Schutz], who
they find very honest and true, and " the perfectest workmaster
in this art of his profession ; " he says the ore now proved is poor
in respect of that brought last year, and of some brought this, "and
of that which he knoweth may be brought the next year ; " but
promises to deliver half an ounce of fine gold out of every cwt. at the
least, and leaves hia reward to the Queen, desiring it may be made
sure to him during life by letters patent. Jonas warrants the
charges of working will be under 101. a ton, upon forfeiture of his
pension ; he will repair to Court, then to Bristol to see Frobisher
about erecting the work-house and furnaces. The probable charges
under 200?. Recommends Robt. Deiiham as able to do good service,
whatsoever should happen to Jonas. [Two pages. Indorsed, " 6th
Dec. 1577. From Sr. Win. Wynter and Mr. Michael Locke touch-
ing North-west ore, what Jonas promiseth to do, and that the same
shall yield." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No. 8. Cai, p. 570.]

Dec. ? 65. Four proofs of ore brought from the North-west by Frobisher.

" The great proof of the black ore " alone remains, the gold being
attached to the paper by sealing-wax. [One page. Indorsed
" Proofs of Frobisher's ore." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX.,
No 9. Cal, p. 570.]

] 077 ? 66. " Note of the charges requisite for the trial of one ton of the

North-west ore." Men's wages, coals, wood, lead, and other expenses
are estimated at 31. 5s. [Half a page. Indorsed, a# above. DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No. 10. Col, p. 571.]

1577. 67. Michael Lok to Sec. Walsyngham. All the water-mills near

Dec. 13. London have been viewed, but will not serve for various reasons;
those at Dartford thought good for the purpose : the bearer, Mr.
Frobisher, will certify all particulars. Frobisher and Lok have had
large talk with Burcot, but find his demands far out of reason ;
Jonas, to whom they give the preference, not willing to join with
him. "Walsyngham should write letters to Mr. Bertie, husband of
the Duchess of Suffolk, to send up Sebastian, a Dutchman, and also
for Hendrik, the Dutchman : these two men Jonas [requires.
Awaits his resolution where the work-houses are to be erected [One
page and a quarter. Indorsed " 13 Dec. 1577. To Mr. Sec. Wal-
syngham from Mr. Lok," with an abstract of the letter. DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No 12. Cal, p. 571.] Incloses,

i. " Note of conference with Dr. Burcot." To be ch ief master
of the works, and to deliver half an ounce of fine gold
at least for every cwt. of ore, free from all charges, except
for building, instruments, and working tools. To have a
pension of 2001. jxr annum for life, 20s. a day for diet
when either he or his deputy is at work, a, better reward

EAST INDIES. 29

1577.

when the mines prove better, and a gratuity of 50?.
[Three quarters of a page. Indorsed, as above. Ibid.,
No. 12. i.]

ii. " Dr. Burchard Kraurych (?) articles and conditions to
serve in the fining of the North-west we or any other mi-
nerals. 1 ' [Two pages and a half. Indorsed, as above.
Ibid., No. 12. IL]

Dec. 20. 68. Petition of William Vaughan for compensation for wheat and
malt mills, on Her Majesty's farm of Bygnoures in Dartford, and
for a lease of them in reversion for twenty-one years, they being
thought " very meet to serve such purposes as Her Majesty in-
tendeth them for " [to melt the ore brought home by Frobisher.]
[One page and a quarter. Indorsed, tf 1577. The ^demands of
Wm. Vaughan for the mills at Dartford." DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CXIX., No. 14. Cat, p. 571.]

Dec. 20. 69. John Baptista Agnello to Sec. Walsyngham." Report upon his
trial of the ore brought from the North-west by Capt. Frobisher.
[One page. Italian. Indorsed, "20 Dec., 1577. From Giovan-
baptista Agnello : trial of the metal." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX.,
No. 15. Gal, p. 571".]

Dec. 24. 70. Names of the Adventurers of both the voyages made by

Martin Frobisher to the North-west, in 1576 and 1577, with the
amounts subscribed by each and the " cessernent." The names and
the amounts subscribed differ materially from those abstracted under
date of 7th July, 1577. Michael Lok's stock is increased to 1,000?. ;
Lords Burghley, Sussex, Warwick, and Leicester, Sec. Walsyngham,
Sir Lionel I Duckett, Thos. Randolphe, Anthony Jenckynson, Edmond
Hogan, and Mathew Fyeld, have also each added to their adventure ;
Sir Thos. Greshain subscribes 200?. ; Frobisher, 100?. ; Secretary
Wilson and Julius Caesar, 50?. each ; and Thos. Owen, Dr. John
Dee, and Eleazar and Gersom Lok, 25?. each ; which makes up the
sum received for the two voyages to 5,150?., of which 800?. was spent
for the first, and 4,350 for the second ; besides 198?. paid for the
mines and 1,044?. " paid for men's wages of the ships come home."
[Tiuo pages. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No. 35. Cal, p. 573.]

1577. 71. Copy of the preceding. Indorsed, "1577. The names of the

Venturers with Mr. Frobisher: Auditors, Sir Wm. "Wynter, Mr.
Thos. Randolphe, Mr. Hogan, Mr. Fylde. Commissioners, Sir Wm.
Wynter, Mr. Thos. Randolphe, Mr. Dyar, Mr. Younge, Mr. Fur-
bisher, Mr. Lok/' [Two pages. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX.,
No. 39. Cal., p. 573.]

1577. 72. Another copy of the above, with the exception of the two last

items paid for mines and men's wages. [Two jmges. Indorsed,
"The names of the Adventurers of the North-west voyages."
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No. 38. Cal, p. 573.

30 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1577.

73. Copy of the preceding, with this difference only, that the
" ceasement " for wages is set down at 975/., instead of 1,030. [Two
jxige*. Indorsed, " 1577. The names of Venturers for North-
west parts with Mr. Furbusher." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX.,
No. 37. Cat, p. 573.]

1577. 74. Names of the Venturers in the first and second voyages for

Cathay, &<x, which have paid. The name of the Lord Keeper (Sir
Nicholas Bacon) has been afterwards inserted, as having paid 100Z.;
the names of Mr. Brocket, Mr. Doddington, and John Somers do
not appear in the foregoing lists, and those of Phillip Sydney,
Dr. John Dee, Gersom Lok, and Christopher Andrewes, severally
set down in the preceding lists, do not appear in this, although the
total paid for the two voyages, 5,1 50., is the same. [One page and
a half. Indorsed, " The names of Venturers in the first and second
voyage to Cathay." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No. 42. Cat.,
p. 573.]

1 577- 75. Michael Lok's private memorial of labour and expenses for the
first and second voyages of Martin Frobisher to discover the North-
west passage. Twenty-five years' study and travail to satisfy his
knowledge. 1,OOOZ. spent in books, maps, charts, instruments, and
gifts to men for conference. 2,300/. disbursed, out of which 475.
was subscribed, but " not paid until the ships returned, and is not
yet all paid," by Lord Treasurer Burghley who ventured 50., Lord
Leicester 100?, Sir Thos. Gresham 100Z, Dr. Wilson 501, George
Wynter 50/., and Simon Boyer, Rich. Owen, Julius and Thos. Caesar,
and Eleazar Lok 2o7. each. [One page. Indorsed, " Mr. Lock's
privat memorial." See ante, 26th May, 1577. DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CXIX., No. 30. Cal, p. 572.]

1577-1600. 76. Minute that Sir Fras. Drake begun his voyage, and two years
after arrived at Ternate, with which King he made a treaty of
commerce, freighted his ship with cloves, and presented Queen
Elizabeth with a ring from that King as a pledge of the treaty.
1582: Fenton, captain of the Bonadventure, with the Leicester
ketch and two small vessels, succeeded him [Drake]. 1586:
Capt. Anguish succeeded, with five ships. In 1589 : Chydley and
Paul Wheele, with three great ships and two ketches. 1590 : Sir Jas.
Lancaster and Capt. [Geo.] Raymond, with three stout merchant-
men ; Hawkins and Capt. Wood, succeeded them. And in 1 600 : Sir
Jas. Lancaster continued the navigation and commerce, for some
years intermitted in those parts, with four ships. [Minute. Cor-
resp., East Indies, 1613, March 23.]
1578.

Jan. 6. 77. Dr. Burchard Kraurych (?) to " his singular good friend " Sec.

Walsyngbam. Thanks for his patent. Hopes to perform his
promise. Has kept his bed three weeks with the gout. Certifies
to having made a hundred assays of ores out of " that land " but
finds not such goodness as he expected. By a proof sent, it appears
a ton will yield near fourteen ounces. Doubts not when rightly
prepared that it will fall out in the great "fire very well. As soon

EAST INDIES.

1578.

Jan. 7.

Millgate.

Jan. 19.

London.

as he is able, will melt down a cwt. and send him the proofs.
Desires him to advertize the Queen and Lord Leicester thereof.
[One page. Indorsed, "Jan 6, 1577. From D. Burcott, of his
proceeding in the trial of the ore." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. QXXII ,
No. 3. CaL, p. 580.]

78. Thos. Fludd to Lord Treasurer Burghley. Has surveyed the
mills at Dartford. Wm. Vaughan's interest in them, and the com-
pensation he requires. Suggests what should be done. [Two pages.
Indorsed, "7 Jan. 1577. To the L. Treasurer from Thos. Fludd,
touching the mills of Dartford for the " (ore brought home by
Frobisher). DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIL, No. 4. Cal, p. 580.]

79. Michael Lok to Sec. Walsyngham. The Commissioners, Sir
Wm. Wynter, Eandolphe, Dyar, Yonge, Frobisher, and himself, have

all (except Randolphe) met and estimated the charges for erecting
the house and furnaces at the mills at Dartford for melting the ore
brought by Frobisher, at 500?., besides 40?. for a man to go to
Germany for three chief workmasters, and another to Yorkshire for
stuff to melt the ore, also 360?. for mariners' wages come home with
the ships, in all 900?., which must be provided presently. Wynter
should be commissioned to see it all done speedily. All the works
will then be finished and the ore melted in six or eight weeks.
The Queen should be moved for her favourable letter to the Duke
of Saxony, " declaring the staying here of Jonas for Her Majesty's
service." The bearer, Mr. Frobisher, will inform him at large of
other matters. [One page. Indorsed, "19 January 1577. From
Mr. Michael Lok," with an abstract. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIL,
No. 9. Cal., p. 581.

Jan. 19. 80. The Privy Council to Michael Lok. Nine hundred pounds
being required for building furnaces and sending for skilful men out
of Germany, for refining the ore brought by Frobisher from the
North -west, and also for payment of the mariners' wages under
him ; Lok is directed to collect from every adventurer of the
voyage 20 per cent, of his venture, " to the end that so good an
enterprise and profitable as this voyage is hoped will prove,"
may not now be hindered. [One page. Draft by Walsyngham.
Indorsed, "39 Jan. 1577. From my Lids, to Mr. Michael Lok.
For the collection of 900?. among the Adventurers of the North-
west, &c." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIL, No. 10. Cal, p. 581.]

Jan. 24. 81. Geoffrey le Brumen to Sec. Walsyngham. Has tried all the
minerals given to him, and finds the greater part to be only
marquisette, and no gold or silver, or next to none, in those
thought to be good. As to Capt. Frobisher's, it requires a very
fc... great many preparations. Wishes he had one or two Ibs. that he
might make better proof of it. [Two pages. Indorsed, " 27 Jan.
1577. From Mons. Geoffrey la Brumen. Tryal metal fallit not
out." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIL, No. 17. Cal, p. 581.J

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1578.

Feb. 19.

Feb. 21,

Feb. 21.

Feb. 27.

82. Dr. Burclmrd Kraurych (?) to Sec. Wolsyngham. Has molten
a cwt. and a 11 >. [of the North-west ore]. Wishes to show him
the proofs to save his credit and his own honesty, and to appoint
the day to bring him to Deptford, and give him countenance in
the first enterprise, that the workmen and the Commissioners may
hear their determination, and see what he has done and can do
before them all ; " if you do not go I will not go." Esteems his
honor's credit as much as his own life. Cannot ride without a
horse litter ; solicits a visit to his house an hour or two before
they depart, to show him the pattern of the melting house and
the assays. [One page. Indorsed, "19 Feb. 1577. Mr. Doctor
Burchart to Mr. Sec. Walsyngham, touching the North-west ore."
DOMESTIC, Eliz. t Vol. CXXIL, No. 44. Cal, j>. 584.]

83. Dr. Burchard Kraurych (?) to Sec. Walsyngham. Perceives by
his letter that he cannot come, so sends by the captain the silver
and gold of a Ib. and a cwt., and pledges his credit and honesty to
bring at least twenty times as much out of every ton. Begs him
to show the proofs to the Queen, and that the captain may be
speedily set forth again with such teaching and instruction as
Burchard has given him, "for if he shall not go speedily and specially
now this year it will be the worse that ever came to England."
Wishes the ore to be brought from Bristol to Deptford, and Wal-
syngham to visit the place where the melting house shall stand.
Hopes to see him shortly. \[0ne prige. Indorsed, "21 Feb. 1577.
From D. Burcotte, with a proof how much gold and silver a pound
and a hundred weight yieldeth, which he will warrant to hold
throughout the whole ore." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXII.,
No. 53. Cat, p. 584.]

84. " A declaration of the value of the North-west ore, both for
gold and silver, by proofs thereof made by Dr. Burcott," certi6ed by
Robt Denham, the fire-workman, and the only man admitted to be
present. The proof of the Ib. weight of ore is 21 grains in silver
ami 3 grains in 'gold, which, per ton, would be 98 oz. of silver at
5s. 2d. the oz., and 14 oz. of gold at 59s. Sd. the oz., equal to
C>71. Is. 8d. The proof of the cwt. is 2 oz. 1 dwt. 6 gr., and
1 H dwt. in gold, which, per ton, would be 51 oz. 5 dwt. and 13 oz.
of gold, equal to 531. 10s. 3<7. [One page. Indorsed, as above.
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXII., No. 52. Cal, p. 584.]

85. Dr. Burchard Kraurych (?) to Sec. Walsyngham, Is informed
that Walsyngham and the rest are displeased with him, as though he
had made a false proof. Will stand to the contrary to death and
life. Has done it with his own hands, and can do it again. Denham
melted down the last quarter. The " detymente " has been ten
years in his house, and was his invention to melt it the easier and
the sooner. The exclamation against his honesty is without cause.
Begs, to clear himself, to have two hundred weight of ore brought
to his house, and two honest men to see it roasted and carried to the
Tower, where he will mend Jonas' furnace, or make a new one, and

EAST INDIES. 33

1578.

melt and purify the ore before them. Proposes that Walsyngham
and Sir Wm. Wynter be the men, and Denham the workman. If
he does not prove it truly, " then take my body and goods to your
own pleasure." Neither Jonas nor the captain, nor any of their
confederates, shall come near him. " If Jonas had any cunning it
had long since appeared, therefore he shall learn nothing of me until
it be known that I am a perfect master above them all." Begs him
to appoint a time. [One page and three quarters. Indorsed,
" Feb. 27, 1577. From D. Burcott, touching his cunning and offer
about trying the ore." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. GXXII., No. 61. Gal.,
p. 585.]

Feb. 86. " The doings of Jonas Schutz in the new mines of gold." Details

of his proceedings from January, 1577, in the trial of the ore brought
from the North-west by Martin Frobisher, to 18 Feb., 1578, " when
it succeeded very well in presence of the Commissioners." All the
doings of Jonas were done openly, and Frobisher carried the secrets
thereof to Dr. Burcott, whose doings were known to none but
himself. Also the doings of Dr. Burcott from Nov., 1577. Re-
flections upon his ignorance ; he confesses to having made more
than forty trials of the ore in different ways, whereas Jonas has
made but six proofs, and " those after the order of the great works."
[ That which is most Tnaterial has been already abstracted in the
previous correspondence. Six pages. Indorsed, " What Jonas
hath done in the matter of the ore, also what Dr. Burcott hath
done in that matter," and underneath, " B. A little bundle of the
trying of the North-west ore by Dr. Burcott, Jonas Schutz, and
Baptista Agnello." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIL, No. 62. Cat.,
p. 585.]

Feb. ? 87. Memoranda by Lord Burghley [concerning Martin Frobisher's
third voyage to the North-west]. That Jonas [Schutz] may have
100?. pension. Ships to be sent for 5,000 tons weight [of ore] ; a
miner to dig half a ton a day. Number of tons that one, two, or
three hundred miners can dig in a month. Wages for the miners.
Freight at 3?. a ton. Burchard to make a proof of the weight of
the ore in the Tower. The names of Sir Wm. Wynter, Humphrey
Lock, Frobisher, Dee, Edra. Hogan, Rich. Yonge, Hump. Cole, are
noted. Palmer to be allowed as an officer. Win. Umfrey to be
used. [One page. Indorsed, " A Memorial touching the North-
west passage/' DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXIX., No. 46. Gal,
p. 573.]

Feb. ? 88. " Proportion of the charges for a third voyage to the North-

west to fetch 2,000 tons of ore, and to victual and keep 100 men there
for eighteen months." Total amount to be disbursed for the ships,
wages, freight, &c., 20,836?. 13*. 4d, and so remains clear
39,163?. 6s. 8d. For victualling and wages for 100 men, 4,800?.,
who will get in 2,000 tons of .ore which shall yield 20?. the ton
clear. [Two pages and a half. Indorsed, as above. DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. GXXIV., No. 1. Gal, p. 589.]

34 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1578.

Feb. ? ' 89. " Names of such gentlemen and others as went the first and
second voyages with Martin Frobisher into the land now called
Afehi Incognita, lately discovered by him to the north-west, and
now in consideration of their service to be received in as Adven-
turers [for the third voyage] gratis," with the amounts. The
gentlemen are, Kdward Fenton, J ()().; Gylbert Yorke, 501,; George
Best, 50/. ; Rich. Philpott, 5 1)/. ; and 25 each to Henry Carew, John
Dee, Mathew Kyiulersley, Kdniond Stafford, Wm. Tanfield, Thos.
Chamberlain, Fras. Brakenbury, Edward Harvey, Abniham Linche.
Denis Setle, Robt. Kyndersley, Henry Kirkman, Luke Gwido, Vice-
Admiral at At eta Incognita. The masters of ships and others,
Christopher Hall, 502. ; and 2 5 1. each to Charles Jackman, James
Beare, Andrew Dyar, Nicholas Chancellor (having }>een both tl
voyages), Richard Coxe, Nicholas Counger, that took the man, The
BoydelJ, and James Wallis, maimed by the country people. [0?
jtage. Indorsed, " The gentlemen's names to be received in 1
Adventurers." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIIL, No. 50. Cal,,p.5S9.]

\ 578. 9O. " Note of the entertainment to be allowed to Capt. Fenton

others which shall inhabit there," in the new laud Aleta Incogjiit
Fenton to have, per month, 10/. ; Geo. Best, 5Z. ; Rich. Philpott, 51
and Luke Ward 5/. ; two lieutenants, 21. 10s. each; two ensif
21. each; all the rest of the gentlemen II. I Os. ; soldiers
mariners II. GV. 8t/. each, per month. [Half a page. Indorsed,
above. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIIL, No. 51. Col., p. 589.

March 8. 91. Account taken at Muscovy House of 2 cwt. of ore brought
Mr. Frobisher, molten and tried by Jonas Schutz, an Almi
assisted by Humphrey Cole, John Erode, and Robert Denl
Englishmen. The 2 cwt. yielded in silver 6 oz. 7 dwt 13
valued at 5s. per oz. ; in gold, 5 dwt. 5 gr., valued at 3s. the di
so that a ton will make in money 23Z. 15s. The charges of gett
the ore into the realm, as by particulars delivered by Mr. Frobisl
will not exceed 81. per ton. Jonas undertakes not to expend
all charges above 101. 15s., which will leave a profit on every 1<
adventure of 6()l. Signed by Sir \Vm. Wynter, Edward F
Martin Frobisher, Rich. Yonge, Mathew Fyeld, Edmond Hc _
Michael Lok, and Andrew Palmer. In another copy " John Dee 1
signs this account, see Inclosure 154. n., and also a copy in ft
Ilritish Museum, Lansdowne, XXXI., fol. 77. One imcje. h
dorsed, " 8 March, ] 577. A note as well of the 2 cwt. of ore trie
by Jonas, as the furnish of the second voyage to the North-west"]

A lo on the same sheet :

The charge of furnishing ships for this next voyage. Four or five
shijxs, with 120 soldiers, miners, smiths, carpenters, and other men
of necessary occupations, to bring home 800 tons of ore, by Mr.
Frobisher's particulars, will amount to 3,400Z., of which half must
be presently defrayed or this year's voyage will be lost. A levy of
. must be made upon every previous adventure of 100J. ; the
moiety to be paid forthwith, and the remainder upon the return of
the ships. [Three quarters of a paye. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXX1H-,
A o. 5. Cat, p. 586.]

EAST INDIES.

1578.
March 11.

92. [Sec. Walsyingham] to the Lord Treasurer and the Lord Cham-
berlain. The Queen having been made acquainted with the certifi-
cates of the Commissioners to survey the proofs of the North-west ore,
and understanding that the richness of that earth is like to fall out
to a good reckoning, is well pleased that a third voyage be^ taken
in hand. The chief points are the charges of the shipping and pro-
vision for 100 men to inhabit those North-west parts, which the
bearers Frobisher and Lok will show them. Has already acquainted
Lord Leicester, and wishes their opinions, that the Queen " may
grow to some resolution for this new and third voyage." [One
page. Indorsed, "II March 1577. To the Lord Treasurer and
Lord Chamberlain about the North-west voyage." DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CXXIIL, No. 7. Cat., p. 586.]

March ? 93. " Instructions given to our loving friend Martin Frobisher,
Esquier, for the order to be observed in the voyage now recom-
mended to him for the land now called by Her Majesty Meta In-
cognita, to the North-west parts and Cathay/' To be Captain-
General of the Ayde, Gabriel, Michael, Judith, Thomas Allen, Anne
Francis, Hopewell, Moone, Francis of Foy, Thomas, and the
(blanJc). To appoint 90 able mariners for the four first ships, and
130 pioneers and 50 soldiers for the service of all the other vessels
under his charge. The Gabriel, Michael, and Judith, with 40 able
mariners, 'gunners, shipwrights, and carpenters, 30 soldiers, and 30
pioneers, with victuals for 18 months, and munition and armour for
their defence, to be left in Meta Incognita, under the government
of Edward Fenton, lieutenant-general. The victuals in the Ayde
for 90 persons, for seven months, to be carefully used, an inventory
taken of every ship belonging to the Company and a copy delivered
to Michael Lok, treasurer ; Fenton to take care of the other ships'
victuals and for provision of the 100 men appointed to inhabit
there. Not to receive under his charge any disorderly or mutinous
person. To use all diligence to depart with the ships before the
1st of May next, and to take his course either by the North or the
West. To make for Meta Incognita (BURGHLEY has added in the
margin " not for the Isle of Friezland in the way "), and to the
Countess of Warwick's Island and Sound "within the supposed
streight, which we name Frobisher's Streight, discovered by yourself
two years past." Not to lose any of the ships' company ; any such
offender to be punished " sharply to the example of others." When
arrived at Warwick Island to repair to the mines and minerals
" where you wrought this last year," and there place the miners and
other men to work and gather the ore. Whilst the miners are
working in Warwick Sound, to search in other places for other
mines, and if any be richer to remove thence. To consider
of an apt place to fortify these 100 men against danger from
the native people and other perils. Fenton to be left to govern
them, with instructions how he may best observe the nature of the
air and the state of the country, what time of the year the strait
is most free from ice (BuRGHLEr has added, " keeping to that end a
journal weekly of all accidents "), the Gabriel, Michael, and Judith

C 2

36 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1578.

to bo left with Fen ton, and his wants supplied. To instruct " all
your j>cojilo rather too much than anything too little," that they
may rather procure the friendship of the people of those parts (in
BUKC.HLEY'S hand " by courtesies ") than move them to any offence
or misliking. After having taken order for planting the men and
appointing governors in his absence, to repair, with the two barks
towards the place where he lost his men the first year, as well to
search for mines as to discover 50 or 100 leagues further westwards,
(Inj BURGHLEY "as the opening of the streight by water will lead,")
learning all he can and taking perfect notes. To consider of the
aptest place further to fortify, for defence of the miner and possessilMJ
of the country, and to bring home a perfect plat and notes, to be
kept secret. No ship laden with ore to sail until the day fixed in
their charter party unless he see good cause otherwise : all to return
in company to the place appoined in the Thames. Four gentlem
privately set down to succeed the General "if he should fortune to
die." (Ily BURGH LEY, " which are severally written down in paper
included in balls of wax, sealed with Her Majesty's signet, and put
into boxes with several keys, whereof one in your custody, and i
the inary'ui three keys, Frobisher, Fenton, a Mr. of a ship, Chri
pher Hall.'') In any weighty causes incident on land to call to hi
assistance his Lieutenant-General, Captain Yorke, Ilichard Phil pott,
George Best, and Henry Carew, gent, " that always to be executed
which you shall think meetest," (BuRGHLEY has added " with assent
of any two of them in general consent/'j and for good government
at sea. Christopher Hall, Charles Jackman, James Beare, and Andrew
Dyar, masters, to be added with a similar proviso. To authorize by
his own handwriting, any further discovery of the lands or seas
within 200 leagues of the habitation " where our people shall be
settled or situated." No person to make assay of any metal, matter,
or ore in Meta Incognita without authority, nor to keep to his pri-
vate use any ore or other commodity, upon penalties set forth. Re-
cords to be kept of all ore or stone of value found in that country,
with samples in boxes and their tried valuations, to be delivered on
his return to the Treasurer of the Company of Adventurers for
those North-west affairs; (by BURGHLEY " a double of this book to
be made, and brought home in our other ship "). The mariners
the hired ships to help in fortifying the place where the Lieutenan
General with his charge shall remain to inhabit. To direct
course to Meta Incognita, there lade 800 tons of " such ore as
already have found tliis last year, or rather richer if you can find
same/ 1 and then make direct for the Thames ; (by BURGHLEY "al
containing the quantity laden in every ship"). Directions
keeping an account of the number of tons of ore in each ship,
minister or two to go this journey to administer divine service and
sacraments according to the Church of England, (this article 1ia
been added by BURGHLEY) ; as also that the victuals, munitions, and
other things be equally distributed in the ships, " for doubt of mis-
carriage of some of them." If no hindrance to the rest of his voyag*
to do his endeavour to discover " the new land supposed to be Fries-
land," either in his way outward or homeward. Punishment of

EAST INDIES. 37

1578.

treason, mutiny, or other disorder. [Eleven pages. Draught, with
numerous corrections and additions, many of which are in Lord
Burghley's hand. Indorsed, " 1578. Commission and Instructions
to Mr. Furbusher to go to sea. A. 1578." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Ad-
, denda, Conway Papers.]

M ay 3. 94. Account of the money received and paid by [Michael Lok] for
the second and third voyages of Captain Frobisher to the North-west.
The account for the second voyage (previously abstracted), shows a
balance of 901?. not paid. The receipts for the third voyage up to
this date, amount to 2,9681. 12s. The Queen heads the list with
1,3502. ; Lord Pembroke paid 202?. 10s. ; Walsyngham, 1821. 7s. ;
Sir Thos. Gresham, 170?. ; Earl of Warwick and Edm. Hogan, 135?.
each ; Lord Burghley, 100?. ; Sir Fras. Knollys, Philip Sydney, John
Somers, Sec. Wilson, Sir Henry Wallop, Robt. Kyndersley and
Christ. Hudson [Hoddesdonn ?], each 671. 10s. ; Richard Yonge, 50?. ;
the Countess of Warwick and Mathew Fyeld, 351. each ; and Lady
Pembroke, Mat. Kyndersley, and Wm. Dowgle, 33?. 15s. each. The
payments for the third voyage up to this date, amount to
2,646?. 3s., including three sums of 400?., 596?. 5s., and 60?. to
Frobisher ; several payments to Fenton ; 25?. to Jonas for a quarter
[pension] ; 20?. to Capt. Hall, and 22?. 1 Os. to Robt. Denham.
[Three pages. Indorsed, "Accounts touching the North-west
passage." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXVI., No. 32. Gal, p. 603.]

M ay 3. 95. Names of those who have not paid their adventure for Fro-
bisher's third voyage to the North-west, with the amounts. Sir "Wm.
Wynter is down for 310?. ; Lord Leicester, 232?. 10s. ; the Lord
Admiral and Lord Chamberlain, 135?. each ; Sir Thos. Gresham,
70?. ; Sir Lionell Duckett, Wm. Pelharn, Thos. Randolphe, Anthony
Jenckynson, Geoffrey Turvyle, Wm. Paynter, Rich. Boyland, Thos.
Allen, Martin Frobisher, Lord Cumberland, each 67?. 1 Os. for stock ;
and the Lord Treasurer, Lady Warwick, Sec. Walsyngham, Lady
Anne Talbot, Sir John Brocket, Edward Dyar, [John] Somers,
[Simon] Boyer, Mathew Fyeld, Robt. Martin, Christ. Andrewes, and
Thos. Owen, for sums varying from 62?. 13s. to 33?. 15s., for stock.
Total for stock, 1,909?. 15s. ; for buildings, 265?. [Three quarters
of a page. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIV., No. 2. Cal, p. 590.]

June 1. 96. Articles and orders to be observed by the fleet, set down by
Captain Frobisher, general, and delivered in writing to every cap-
tain. To banish swearing, dice, cards, playing, and all filthy talk,
and serve God twice a day ; " and to clear the glass [every night]
according to the old order of England." No man to go ahead after
the Admiral's light be once put out ; nor depart further from the
Admiral than an English mile. Signals in case of fogs or contrary
winds. The Admiral to be first spoken with before chase is given
to any vessel. Each vessel in the fleet to speak with the Admiral
or Vice-Admiral every evening between seven and eight. Watch-
words "Before the world was God ;" answer "After God came
Christ His Son." In case of fogs, trumpets, drums, &c., to be
sounded, to keep the ships clear of one another. Warnings for

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1578.

thick and misty weather, and if land be discovered at night. If
any ship lose company, she shall get in latitude [60], and so keep
that latitude till she arrive at Friezland ; and after she be past the
west of Friezland she shall get in latitude [62] and [63], and not to
the northward of [<>2i, for that is the midst of the strait, and 03 is
the northermost part of the strait] ; once having entered the strait,
to shoot off a piece every watch and look out for smoke and fire, until
all the fleet be come together. Signal for the whole fleet to repair to
the Admiral. Disposal of the ships in case they meet with enemies.
[The. Armenal should be written and printed Emmanuel.]
Punishment of disorderly or mutinous persons. [Five page*, mu-
tilitcd by fire, Brit. Mus., Otko, VIII., fols. 110-112. The words
in brackets are not in Halduyt, III., 1 06-1 07 ; nor the follwviny :
" I am to require you in ller Majty'" name, that you fail not to
oliservc these articles as near as you may. Given this first day of
June 1578. Martin Frobisher." There are also other deviations
from the copy printed in Ifakluyt, which is dotted 31 May.']

I July 2.] 97. " Description of Meta Incognita voyage,'' written on board
the Judith, Edward Fen ton captain, Chas. Jackman master. Im-
perfcd, extending to 2nd July only, on which day the fleet having
entered Frobisher's Strait, were choked up with ice and narrowly
escaped destruction. The account of this disaster, in which one of
the ships was lost, is incomplete. [Two panes. Brit. Mus. t Har-
leian, 167,/ofc. 181-182.]

Sept. 28. 08. Account of Frobisher's third voyage to Meta Incognita, by
Christopher Hall, master of the Ayde and now pilot in the Thomas
Allen, begun 2d May 1578; illustrated with drawings of some of
the places visited, and a daily record of the ship's course ; of the
direction of the wind and number of leagues sailed, with other nautical
observations. June 20, in sight of Friezland ; sailed with Frobisher
as near to the shore as the ice would allow, till they came to
the westward of Frobisher's Cape, where it was scattered ; rowed to
shore ; the inhabitants ran away, forsook their tents and things in
them ; one white dog taken by Frobisher, another secretly stolen
by Jackson the trumpeter ; all else left untouched. 22d, lost com-
pany of the Michael. 25th, in lat. 61 24'. 29th, the Michael in
sight again. July 1, Meta Incognita seen in lat. 62 40', also Lok's
Land, Hall's Island, and Queen Elizabeth's Foreland. 2nd, told
Dabnay, master of the Dennis, that there was no way into the straits,
because the ice was so thick, then Andrew Dyar, master of the
Hopewell ; could not speak to the rest of the ships, being to wind--
ward ; Rich. Cocks the first to sail in among the ice, the Dennis,
Solomon, Francis of Foy following, the Admiral being the eleventh,
Hall next, and the Hopewell last of all ; the ice so thick that
they could not sail, but were inclosed in on every side, the Dennis,
who "chanced to hit an ice," sunk an hour after, her men all
saved ; great dangers escaj>ed. 9th, to the westward of the Queen's
Foreland ; Frobisher, as well as all the rest of the company, made it

EAST INDIES. 39

1578.

to be the straits, (" and I stood against them all and said it was not,"
the general " in a great rage and sware by God's wounds that it
was it or else take his life," so Hall went on board the Thos. Allen
again, and bore out to sea, the weather falling thick, because he
knew not the place. July 1 8, had sight of the Queen's Foreland,
and let Capt. Yorke and Mr. Gibbes see all the marks of the land
that Hall had told them before, " when my general and I stood in
controversy.'' 20th, in lat. 61 42', the straits so full of ice that
there was no going in. 21st, went ashore to seek a harbour, found
one not very good, also a little black ore on one of the islands.
22d, plied up the bay between the Queen's Foreland and Cape
Hopewell, and there spied the Gabriel coming out of the ice to the
clear place he was in ; the general at sea and six vessels in company
with him, the Francis of Foy with Hall. 23d, sailed from Mount
Oxford to Jackman's Sound, the ice being so thick over the straits,
no sea to be seen about Jackman's Sound ; glad to turn out again
and ply between Mount Oxford and Cape Hopewell. 24th, plied up
and down along Queen Elizabeth's Island, and sent his pinnace
ashore to seek a harbour, but could find none; anchored in a good
harbour found by the Gabriel in 1 1 fathoms and fair white sand.
27th, the water frozen about the ship half a quarter of an inch
thick, but before noon* the ice was gone. 28th, rowed to Mount
Oxford and saw seven of the ships under the shore. 30th, went
aboard the Gabriel to seek the Ayde and the rest of the fleet ; at
night athwart Jackman's Sound. 31st, anchored in Yorke's Sound.
August 2, anchored in Countess Sound, found the general in the
Ayde, and eight other ships of the fleet. 3d, went ashore upon
Countess Island to see Frobisher and Fenton. 4th, sailed over to
Gibbes' Sound. 6th, driven to the westward out at Harvey's Gulf,
and lay athwart Gibbes' Sound all night. 8th, anchored in the
Countess Sound in the Thomas Allen. 9th, the general and himself
determined to go to Bear's Sound, and Frobisher willed him to
carry 100 men, to be set to work ; anchored at Corbett's Point all
night. 10th, towed to Bear's Sound, " and set all my miners
ashore." loth, rowed with Frobisher through Bear's Sound, went
to the top of a mountain and saw the North-east Sea, and " a new
land to the N.E, of Lock's Land ;" rowed to Lord Hayward's
Island. 16th, the barks unlade [ore] aboard the Ayde. 17th, visited
with Frobisher divers sounds to see what store of ore was there.
19th, the barks sail from Countess Sound to Bear's Sound ; went
with them in the Solomon, and laded her there. 21st, the Gabriel
laden ; came in her to Corbett's Point. 24th, rowed in his pinnace
to the Countess of Sussex mine. 25th, through Bear's Sound to see
if any people could be found, but saw none. Frobisher left Bear's
Sound to see the lading of the Thomas Allen. 28th, anchored the
Thomas Allen in tlje Countess [of Warwick] Sound. 29th, great
storms of snow. 31st, sailed from the Countess of Warwick Sound
in the Ayde and anchored at Corbett's Point. Sept. 1st, anchored
athwart Bear's Sound, to take in miners and lading ; Frobisher there
lading the Gabriel and Michael ; sent his pinnace ashore to the
General, got the Ayde under sail with great danger, so much wind

40 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1578.

that her anchor was broken in the shank ; signal for the general to
come on hoard. 2d, set sail; the sea being grown and much
wind, lost his boat; spoke the Bear and asked for the general and
the rest of the fleet, but could hear nothing of them ; was -told
that Frobisher came after in the Gabriel, in company with the Anne
Francis, Judith, and Michael ; at 6 p.m. off the Queen's Foreland,
other ships met with. 3d, the Thomas Allen and Aloone in company
with him. 4th, the Ayde's pinnace thrown against the ship and
split all to pieces; in lat. 60 15'. 5th, in lat. 59 13'. 7th, lat.
57 26'. 8th, lat. 5G30'. 9th, lat. 55 42'. 10th, lat. 54, lost
company of the Thomas Allen. 14th, " the sea beat in at my
general's cabin, and burst from the cabin floors to the windows all
the timber and boards unto him who was at the helm, his name is
Francis Austen." ]9th, had sight of the Hopewell, and kept her
company, lat. 52. 21st, lat. 51, tarried for the Ann Francis; the
captain told him that Frobisher was in great choler against him,
and the master would have him alter his course, but Hall would not.
23d, lost company of the Hopewell and Anne Francis, 25th,
lat. 50 16'. 28th, anchored at Portsmouth. [Thirty two pages and
three quartern. Brit. Mas., Jfarleian, 167,/ofo. 183-200. Jouriml.i
of this voyage, written by Thos. Ellis and Capt. Best, are Dinted
in Hakluyt, III., 65-70, 107-129 ; but there are many details
in the above account, CM well as in Edward Sellman's journal
who was " the Register " ofthejleet, not to be found in Hakluyt.]

Oct. 2. 99. Edward Sellman's journal of Frobisher's voyage to Meta
Incognita, delivered to Michael Lok 2d Oct. 1578, in London. Left
Bristol 2d May 1578, with the Ayde and the Gabriel, Christ. Hall
and Robt. Davis, masters ; arrived at Plymouth on 6th, where the
miners were taken in, and at Harwich on 27th where all the fleet
[of 15 vessels] met and sailed on 31st May. Had sight of Cape
Clear June 6th, and wrote to Michael Lok, " my master," ad-
vertizing him of the fleet's arrival upon the coast of Ireland. Fell
in with Friezland 19th June; this voyage better to be attempted
by the west than by the north. 20th, a very good sound to
harbour ships found, named Luke's Sound, " by reason of one Luke
Ward that went with him a land ;" also, people who fled, like the
people of Meta Incognita, their tents were entered, and two young
whelps [white dogs] brought away ; the island named West Eng-
land ; a headland on the south side, named Frobisher's Foreland. Not
so many islands of ice upon West England as last year. 22d, met
with great store of ice, judged to be the islands that were seen last
year, dissolved. Sailed between great quantities of broken ice.
27th, made sundry foggy land to be the Queen's Foreland, in
latitude 021. 28th, had sight of Warwick's Foreland, and
2d July of Queen's Foreland. Divers of the fleet sent to break the
ice for passage into further places ; the Dennis struck upon " a great
ice and there perished." The ships entered the straits in great
danger of ice. Great danger of the Ayde and Thomas Allen. " If
the south side of the south shore had been, as the general did take

EAST INDIES.

1578.

it to have been, the north shore of his straits running up, and so
many leagues as we did upon the said south side of the south shore,
and in foggy weather (as we had no other), we had all perished."
17th, found the error they were in, being in latitude 62 10' on
the south side of the south shore of Queen's Foreland. 18th, lost
company of all the fleet that kept with them, being the Hope-
well, Thomas of Ipswich, Moone, Emmanuel, Gabriel, Bear, and
Solomon, but on 20th had sight of them again. Queen's Foreland
proved to be an island. 23d, had sight of the Anne Francis ; the
captain declared " they had lain off, and on open of the streights
12 days and could not enter for fogs and ice." Three of the ships
surrounded by ice, being shut up as far as Jackman's Sound. A
new sound north of Queen's Foreland, " where they found very
good ore by our judgments." The general landed, purposing to go
into the sound with the nine ships now in company. 25th, bore
up into the straits, the ice so thick that Countess Sound could not
be attained as yet. Five of the fleet break company willingly and
very wilfully. Enter Countess Sound. The general had no know-
ledge of Jackman's, the Countess, or Yorke's Sound, but would have
sought Countess Sound at Gabriel Island, " and very hardly was
persuaded to the contrary." The Judith and Michael met with,
"being not of our company a month or more." July 30th, the
Ayde arrives in the Countess Sound ; Chas. Jackman sent to them
from the general to bring the Ayde in ; a great piece of ice athwart
the ship half an hour before it could be got rid of. Variance
between the general and the master [Christ. Hall], the master can
bear no rule because he is not countenanced by the general.
Names of ships that arrived in Countess Sound in company with
[the Ayde] ; the Judith and Michael arrived 21st July, and for three
weeks were tormented up and down the straits with ice. In-
juries to some of the fleet. Aug. ], the general orders tents to
be made on the island of the mine for the miners. 2d, he sails to
Bear Sound to fetch proofs of the ore there ; arrival of the Gabriel ;
Mr. Hall, on his way, having entered Yorke's Sound and found it a
very good road for ships ; the Thos. Allen left in a sound near
Oxford Mount. Lading of ore by the Francis of Foy ; the
general with four pinnaces and boats, with 80 soldiers and
mariners, and Denham, go to Jonas Mount to seek for ore, but
could not light upon any of the rich ore found by Jonas last year.
9th, the general departs towards Bear's Sound for ore, " for that
the mine in the Countess Island failed." Detailed account of
the various places from whence the ore was obtained, the difficulties
of finding and lading it on board the ships. Report that 1,000
tons might be had at Fenton's Fortune at the entrance of Countess
Sound. Denham sent to Bear's Sound to make proofs. Dyar's
passage upon the south land of Countess Sound viewed. Aug. 2 1 ,
the Francis of Foy fully laden with 140 tons. Strife between
Frobisher and Fenton. 22d, the Gabriel discharges about 25 tons
from Bear's Sound aboard the Ayde. Arrival of Capt. Best at
Countess Sound, with news of some of the vessels ; he sought them
in Jackman's and Yorke's Sound and passed up as far as Gabriel's

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1578.

Oct 29.

Oct. 20.

Oct. 2

Island, bringing samples of ores much like that of Wynter's furnace.
The general holds a conference for punishment of offenders.
Further account of the lading of vessels with ore. 2-tth, the
general goes for Bear's Sound and returns on 27th with foul
weather. Names of the vessels which set sail homeward on
31st Aug. Additional lading the next day at Bear's Sound.
Names of persons whom " God called to his mercy." How Frobislier
was left behind on land ; the general condemned of all men for
bringing the fleet to anchor athwart Bear's Sound for only two
boats of ore ; it is judged he will be forced to go with the barks or
the Emmanuel of IBridgewater into England : Hall's advice to
Frobislier to make haste aboard before night. Names of the six
ships " now in our company " with the quantity of ore in each, and
from whence laden, Diversity of the ore, so that " I think much
bad ore will be found." The stones hard to break at the Countess
of Warwick mine ; a little house built there to stand until next
year, and sundry things left in it. Boats and pinnaces lost. News
of the coming of the general. The Emmanuel of Bridgewater in
great danger to be lost. Loss of the pinnaces of the Thos. Allen
and Ayde. Sept. 6, death of Thos. Batterby. 10th, in latitude
53, mishap to the Ayde, foggy weather. Terrible storm on
1 4th. News of other vessels. Sept. 27, in sight of the Start in
Cornwall. [Twenty-nine pages and four lines. Brit. Mus.,
Ilarlcian, 107, /ok. 165-180.]

100. The Privy Council to Michael Lok. The ships come home
with Frobislier having brought double the quantity of ore expected,
the charges of freight, mariners, and miners employed in the voyage
are double the rate set down at the beginning. It being requisite
to collect 6,()00/. from the Adventurers, Lok is directed, as trea-
surer, to collect with all diligence the. several sums due from them,
according to a schedule of their names. If any are remiss in pay-
ing, to give knowledge to the Lord Mayor and Sir Wm. Cordell,
who will assist him. [Three quarters of a page. DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CXXVL, No. 20. Cal.,p. 602.]

101. The Privy Council to the Lord Mayor and Sir Wm. Cordell.
Michael Lok is appointed to collect speedily from the Adventurers
in Frobisher's voyage a good sum of money, for payment of the
mariners, and discharge of the ships now come home. If any neglect
or refuse to pay, which would be a great hindrance to the rest, they
are directed to call such persons before them, and persuade them to
pay, or else command them to appear before the Council to show
cause. [Three quarters of a page. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXVL,
No. 21. Cal, p. 602.]

102. The Privy Council to the Commissioners. The ships being
'.' now returned all home in safety with Mr. Frobislier, employed in
the voyage of Met a Incognita," and divers new places and mines
discovered, they are required to demand of the general, captains,
masters, and pilots of the ships, severally, an account in writing of
their proceedings in the voyage, and to take from them all plats,
charts, and descriptions of the countries and places, and forbid

EAST INDIES. 43

1578.

their being published. To give orders for the safety of the ships
and goods, and avoidance of unnecessary expenses. Earnestly
request them thoroughly to consider the state of the works at
, Dartford, that with expedition some good proof may be made of the
value of the ore brought home, as well in this voyage as in the
other before, " for that Her Majesty hath very great expectation
of the same." [Three quarters of a page. This and the two pre-
ceding drafts, with corrections, are written on one sheet of paper,
which is endorsed, " 1578, Oct. 29. Minutes to Mr. Lok, &c., about
Mr. Frobisher's voyage, to cause the Adventurers to collect 6,000?.
for payment of the men that went the voyage." DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CXXVL, No. 22. Cal, p. 602.]

Oct. ? 103. Humble suit of Thos. Bonham. He furnished the Thomas

of Ipswich, of 1 60 tons, at an expense of above 300?., and it has
been so beaten by weather in her voyage that 100?. will not repair
her. Solicits " such sums of money " for his relief as the Council
think meet. [Three quarters of a page. Indorsed, " Thos. Bon-
ham's suit touching allowance to be yielded him for Frobisher's
voyage." This vessel accompanied Frobisher in his third voyage,
and had furtively sailed for England, see Hakluyt. DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. GXXVL, No. 33. Cal, p. 603.]

Nov. 15. 104. Note of an offer made by Jonas Schutz, at Muscovy House,
before Math. Fyeld, Michael Lok, and Andrew Palmer. For a ton
of ore he will deliver gold and silver net to the value of 23?. 15s.
[Half a page. Indorsed, " Mr. Palmer's note touching Jonas' offer
about Frobisher's ore." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXVI., No. 47. Cal.,

Nov. 30. 105. Names of Adventurers who have not paid their parts for
the third voyage to the North-west. The total amount, 4,1 1 51. 10s.,
includes 460?. due from Michael Lok, 450?. from the Earl of Oxford,
Martin Frobisher 270?., Sir Thos. Gresham 180?., and various other
sums from

Of the Court Edward Dyar.

The Lord Treasurer. John Somers.

The Lord Admiral. Simon Boyer.

Earl of Sussex. Anthony Jenckynson.

Earl of Warwick. Geoffrey Turvyle.

Lord Hunsdon. William Paynter.

Sir Fras. Knollys. Richard Boyland.

John Dee.

Earl of Pembroke. Of the city

Countess of Sussex. Sir Lionell Duckett.

Countess of Warwick. Lady Martin.

Countess of Pembroke. Mathew Kyndersley.

Sir Henry Wallop. Robert Kyndersley.

Sir John Brocket. Mrs. Anne Fras. Kyndersley.

Philip Sydney. Mathew Fyeld.

William Pelham. Edmund Hogan.

Thos. Randolphe. William Bond.

COLOLIAL PAPERS.

1578.

Thofl. Owen. Win. Dowgle.

Wm. Borowgli. Anthony Marlow.

Win. Ormeshawe. William Harrington.

And 75?. for the second voyage from Lady Anne Talbot, Sir William
Wynter, Wm. Burde, Christ. Andrewes, and Robert Martin. [Lord
Burghleyhas written certain amounts against each name, the total
1,540?., probably to be collected forthwith.]

On same sheet :

Nov. 30. Account of money received and paid by Michael Lok, treasurer,
since his last account audited in August 1578. The total
receipts, 2,580?. 3s., include the Queen, 1,150?.; Earl of Oxford,
585/.; Sec. AValsyngham, 202?. 13*. ; Earl of Leicester, 172?. 10s.;
Sir Thos. Gresham, 150?. ; and 57?. 10s. each from Sec. Wilson, Thos.
Allen, Christopher Hudson [Hoddesdonn ?], and Richard Yonge ;
total payments, 2,599?. [Together three pages. Indorsed, "1578.
Account of Michael Lok and venturers not paid fraight." DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXXVI., No. 56. Cal.,p. 606. J

Nov. ? 106. Account of all the stock of the Adventurers in all the three,

voyages [of Capt. Frobisher] and Michael Lok's." Total amount
20,160?., " whereof Michael Lok and his children " 4,920?,, of which
the Earl of Oxford became a partner with Lok for 2,000?. Pay-
ments out of his own purse over and besides. Lok has not yet
charged any of his accounts with a penny for his great expenses in
doing the Company's business in these three voyages. He is now
openly slandered by Capt, Frobisher, " thus to be, a false accountant
to the Company, a cozener of my Lord of Oxford, no venturer at all
in the voyages, a bankrupt knave." Beseeches the Council to direct
letters to the Commissioners of the business and the auditors of his
accounts to certify what he has done, [One page and a quarter.
Indorsed, ax above. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXVI., No. 34. Cat.,
p. 603.]

Dee. [7.] 107. The Privy Council to [the Earl of Pembroke and others].
The Queen, given to understand that the miners, mariners and
others employed in the late voyage under Martin Frobisher are not
yet paid all their wages, although Her Mnjesty and many of the
Adventurers have paid their parts, requires him to pay his part
within ten days to Thos. Allen, treasurer. Such as refuse or fail to
do so will be quite exempted from all manner of benefit and
privilege from their former venture in the voyage. Underwritten
are the names of the Earl of Pembroke and seven others "in
the country" to pay 623?. 15*., and Sir Thos. Gresham and 19
others " in London " to pay 1,173?. 15s. [One P<ir/c. Draught, with
corrections. Indorsed, " Decemb. 1578. M. from my Lords to
certain gentlemen for the payment of certain sums due by them for
their adventure in Mr. Frobisher's voyage." DOMESTIC, Eliz,
Vol. CXXVIL, No. 8. Col., p. 608.]

Dec. [7.] 108. Fair copy of the preceding letter only. [One page. In-
dorsed, " A Minute of a letter touching the North-west voyage."
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXX VII., No. 9. Cal, p. 608.]

EAST INDIES.

1578.
Dec.?

Dec. 8.

London.

Dec. 11.

London.

Dec. 15.

London.

109. Names of the Adventurers who have not paid to Mr. Lok
but must pay to Mr. Alleu, with the several amounts to be collected
for freight on the return of the third voyage ; total, 2,855?. 13s. 4>d.
" not received," which added to 2,923?. Is. 8d. " received " makes
5,778?. 15s. Also for what is due for the third voyage outwards,
for the buildings at Dartford ; and for wages for the second voyage
from Lady Anne Talbot, Sir John Brocket, Philip Sydney, and
John Somers only. Total amount to be collected by Allen, "not
received by Mr. Lok," 3, 4<1S?. 3s. 4d. [Two pages. Indorsed,
" 1578. The Venturers' money not paid to Mr. Lok, but to
Mr. Allen." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXX., No. 16. Cal, p. 621.]

110. Thos. Allen to Sec. Sir Fras. Walsyngham. They have
" come home without money where it was declared before we came
that we would bring it with us." Desires order may be taken for
present payment. A great deal of freight to pay. Only the Bear
Leicester, Mr. Lok's ship, wholly paid. Christmas being so near
every man cries out for money. [One page. Indorsed, " 8 Dec.
1578. From Mr. Thos. Allen. The exclamation of the mariners,
&c., for their payment for service under Mr. Frobisher." DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXXVIL, No. 12. Cal, p. 608.]

111. Michael Lok to Sec. Walsyngham. The bearer will report
what has been done with the adventurers for their money, not any
yet received, but from William Ormshawe. The great works at
Dartford stand still, until additament comes from the North or the
West. Desires special letters from the Court to Mr. Edgecombe to
send up a ton. Assurances of Jonas and Denham that it is most
fit to work with the ore. Goodyere, an English workman, has
wrought in his house four or five days on " small assays of our ore,"
by appointment of Sir Lionell Duckett, whose report he shall know
in two or three days. [One page. Indorsed, "11 Dec. 1578. From
Mr. Michael Lok, touching the additaments." DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
CXXVIL, No. 16. Gal, p. 608.]

112. Michael Lok to Sec. Walsyngham. Has received his letter
with informations given against Lok, of detaining the Company's
money and goods. Has none of their money in his hands, and for
proof refers to his accounts. Since Mr. Allen was appointed
treasurer, has only received 28?. of Lady Martin, of which he paid
20?. to Denham for his journey to the North, and other petty sums.
Is fully determined not to receive any more money, and to bring
this business to the best end he can. Neither has he received any
wares, except from three or four adventurers which stood for money
for their venture outwards. His house is full pestered with the Com-
pany's goods, discharged out of the ships come home, all by inventory,
which he is ready to deliver to Mr. Allen. Beseeches him to stand his
friend, and because slanderous tongues will not be stopped by words,
makes no answer to them. [One page and a half. Indorsed, "15 Dec.
1578. From Mr. Michael Lok. He hath no such money or goods
in his hands, as I am informed, of the Adventurers, and as shall
appear plainly upon his account." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXX VII.,
No. 20. Cal, p. 608.]

46 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1579.

Jan. 2. . 113. Edward Feuton to the Privy Council Acquainted my
Mount Kdgc- Lord of Bedford with Her Majesty's commission and he directed
rombf. favourable letters to Mr. Edgecombe, to whom Fenton repaired
accordingly, and desired his good help, chiefly to be furnished with
the ore or mineral Mr. Burcott affirmed to have gotten in that
ground Account of his proceedings in getting various sorts of
ore from the mines in Cornwall from Mr. Godolphin, Mr. Arundel,
and others. Showed the ore, like Mr. Burcott had, to divers of skill
in minerals, but they never saw any such in Cornwall or other
places of their working. Awaits his pleasure which sort of ore will
best agree with the action it is provided for. Beseeches their Lord-
ships to write favourable letters to Mr. Coswarth for his great courtesy
in this service. [One page and a half. Indorsed, "Jan. 2, 1578.
From Mr. Edward Fenton. What success he has had in travelling
to get ore in the West Country."] Incloses,

i. " Tlie Calendar of such sorts of ore as I have sent in sundry
bags." [One page. Indorsed, " The sorts of ore received
from Capt. Fenton from Cornwall the 8 January, 1 578."
DOMESTIC, Elis., Vol. CXXIX., No*. 2, 2 i. Cal, p. 615.]

[Jan. 13.] 114. The Privy Council to [the Earl of Pembroke, Sir John
Brocket, and others]. Refers to a previous letter [see 7 Dec.,
] 578], written by the Queen's precise commandment, for payment
of the remainder [172Z.] of his [Pembroke's] adventure. Her
Majesty given to understand that the like sum, as well as the
adventures of some others yet remain unpaid ; they are required
presently to pay them, " for besides Her Majesty's good contentation
that hath always been well affected to the voyage," it is not thought
reasonable " howsoever the thing shall fall out," but that they should
pay what they promised, " for without those promises the voyage had
never been taken in hand." [One page. Draught, with corrections.
Headed, " The second minute for this purpose," and indorsed, " M.
to the Adventurers." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIX., No. 4. Cal,
p. (>!"), with note that a minute of this letter is entered in the
Council licgister on 13 Jan. 1579.]

Jan. 13. 115. Mathew Fyeld to Sec. Walsyngham. Before receiving his
letter had paid Michael Lok, then treasurer, 671. 10*., due upon the
account of Frobisher's voyage. Signed also by Sir Thos. Gresham
and Sir Lionell Duckett, with a minute by Lok that Mr. Fyeld's
duty to be paid was 57/. 10s., which he has received. [Half a page.
Indorsed, "13 Jan. 1578," with an abstract. DOMESTIC, Eliz.
Vol. CXXIX., No. 5. Cal, p. 615.]

Jan. 13. 116. Edward Fenton to the Privy Council. Mr. Edgecombe has
r.xct-.T. discovered the place where the mineral was gotten, which Burcott
had and Jonas now so much desires to put down with the ore
brought from Meta Incognita. It was sent to Burcott about seven
years since, who made small reckoning of its goodness. Conditions
upon which Edgecombe will provide and deliver it at Dartford,
at his own charges. Desires their pleasure as to accepting his offers.
[Two jxtges. Indorsed, " 13th Jan. 1 578," u-ith abstract. DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXXIX., No. 6. Cal, p. 615.]

EAST INDIES.

1579.
Jan. 13.

Exeter.

Jan. 13.
London.

Jan. 13.

London.

Jan. 14.
Limehouse.

Jan. 14.

London

117. Edward Fenton to Sec. Walsyngham. Since his last he has
travelled the mines of Devonshire, to find out what ores and minerals
there are. The different ores and where procured. Edgecombe's offer
in his opinion, both honest and reasonable ; if it be brought to pass,
beseeches that he may be employed in the service. Has found no
ore like Burcott's throughout Cornwall and Devonshire. Wishes
him to thank Edgecombe for his pains and good entertainment of
Fenton. [Two pages. Indorsed, "13 Jan. 1578," with abstract.
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIX., No. 7. Cat., p. 615.]

118. Sir Lionell Duckett, Kich. Young, Matthew Fyeld, Edmond
Hogan, and Michael Lok to -Sec. Walsyngham. Sir Thos. Gresham
has paid 80Z., due for his adventure in Frobisher's voyage to Rich.
Young, for the miners pressed by him. Christopher Hoddesdonn
has certified this to be true, being requested to do so, " although no
commissioner" [One page. Indorsed, "13th Jan. 1578," with
abstract. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIX., No. 8. Gal, p. 615.]

119. Thos. Allen to Sec. Walsyngham. Mr. Frobisher much
misuses him in words, saying that Allen complained to the
Council of him, that all was nothing worth at Dartford, and that
Frobisher had received money and done what he pleased with it.
Explains what he did say. " Sir, he will weary us all, and he
have the bridle too much." Thinks Frobisher 's accounts should be
presently audited, " for Mr. Lok's will be down this day.* Orders
should be given to cut off all superfluous charges. " I would I were
discharged rather than I will be thus railed at for my pains." [One
page. Indorsed, " 13th Jan. 1578." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIX.,
No. 9.Cal,p. 615.]

120. W. Borowgh to Sec. Walsyngham. Has received his letter
of 12th instant, requiring payment of 57/. 10s., for his adventure in
Frobisher's last voyage. It is true that Michael Lok, then treasurer
and " chief dealer for the same voyage," bought of Borowgh, the
Judith, of about 75 tons for 320L, to be paid in May last, of which
67?. 10s. was allowed for his adventure. In June last he received
90?. of Lok, but the rest, 162?. 10s. lie could by no means recover ;
and the charges of 57/. 10s., allotted to him since the return of the
fleet, he counts to be paid out of that sum. Ought not to have
been brought in a debtor. Small credit or honesty, in Mr. Lok's
dealings, who he will no longer credit. Beseeches that by Walsyng-
ham's good means he may be paid the rest, 1067. [Two pages.
Indorsed, " 14th Jan, 1578," with abstract. DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
[Vol. CXXIX., No. 11. Cat, p. 616.]

121. Michael Lok to Sec. Walsyngham. Has received his letter
wherein Lok is charged to pay 910?. to Mr. Allen, for his part of
the freight of the ships returned home with Frobisher. Has paid
his part, 31 61. 5s., as appears by his accounts now with the auditors.
The other part, 450?., is to be paid by the Earl of Oxford, as may be
seen by the bargain with him under his hand and seal. [Three
quarters of a page. Indorsed, "14th Jan. 1578," with abstract.
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIX., No. 12. Col., p. 616.]

48 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1579.

Jan. 122. Relation of "the abuses of Capt. Frobisher against the

Company" [by Michael Lok]. In the first voyage Frobisher by
chance brought homo a stone of rich ore. Cause of the second
voyage Innng prepared, Jonas, Denlmm, and Gregory sent with him,
but he performed nothing at all, and laded his shijw with other
mines found by chance. In the second voyage the ships were laden
with stones of strange ore found by chance there, worth as Frobisher
said HOl. a ton, "which is not yet so found." He also brought
stones of red and yellow ore from Jonas Mount, very rich of gold,
as Dr. Burcott witnessed. The third voyage then prepared, but not
one stone thereof did Frobisher bring home, though a number of
ships were sent out for that purpose, and 100 men to inhabit there,
" under colour of the Frenchmen's preparation to that country." He
took four ships and 100 men, for his own purpose, more than were ap-
pointed by the Commissioners, and without their knowledge, which rest
upon the charge of the company. He would not plant Capt. Fenton
and the 100 men there, because he disliked that enterprise, and
feared that Fenton's deeds would dash his own glory, and took their
victuals for his own four ships. He made no discovery of the
passage for Cathay, which he might have done, but would do
nothing at all, as Hall and Jackman witness, but lade his own ships
with ore. His own men, evil officers in the ships. He maintained
Dr. Burcott's false proofs of the ore, to be set out on the third
voyage, as the Commissioners and Denham can witness. He vic-
tualled the Ayde so badly that many died. His double dealing with
the 120 miners provided for the voyage, many of them changed by
favour for shoemakers, tailors, and other artificers, " as it is reported
openly." He took the Solomon of Weymouth, Hugh Randall,
owner, without the Commissioners' knowledge. Led all the ships to
a wrong place, " through his obstinate ignorance," as Hall, Davis,
and the rest of the ships' masters will witness. Refused the council
of others ; said his instructions were only the device of Fenton and
Lok, and were never read by the Privy Council. When the ships
were safe in Warwick Sound, he, being at Bear's Sound, commanded
all the ships to take him and his men in, and a storm happening caused
the great disorder of their return home, Frobisher being left behind
in the Clabriel. He drew his dagger on Capt. Fenton at Dartford,
and would have mischiefed him if Pelham and others had not been
present. He is full of lying talk, and so impudent of tongue, as his best
friends are most slandered. His slanderous reports against Lok,
whereby little of the 3. -K)0?. due can be collected, to the great dis-
credit of the company. He paid wages against command. The men
placed by him in the Ayde have committed great spoil. Did not
distribute the Queen's gift of 100. to the mariners of the second
voyage, as ordered. By his doings in the three voyages he will
perchance be found " the most unprofitable servant of all that have
served the Company therein." Frobisher's slanderous clamours against
Lok. [Sec ante, Cat. No. 10G.] Lok 's answer that they are proved to
be false by the new audit of his accounts, and the open knowledge
of his doings. If any evil success happen to the ore at Dartford,
" which I trust shall not happen," it cannot be imputed to Lok, who

EAST INDIES. 49

1579.

ventured 2, GOO?, upon the certificate of the Commissioners of the
first proof of the ore of the second voyage, but to Frobisher's great
abuses and to Jonas and Denham, the finders and bringers of the
ore and causers of the cost of fetching and working it, " and on^them
the same were to be punished sharply ; but I trust no such cause
shall be given/' [See No. 1,32. n. Four pages and three quar-
ters. Indorsed " 1 578," and as above. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXX.,
No. 17. Cal.,p.62l.]

Jan.? 123. " Brief report of the account of Michael Lok concerning the

charges of three voyages into the North-west parts, under the con-
duct of Martin Frobisher, together with the charges of the buildings
at Dartford." Total amount received 19,822?. 10s., including 1,080?.
for buildings at Dartford, of which 15,187?. 10s. 4d has been
allowed for payment of shipping, wages, freight, buildings, and
divers other things. Balance to be accounted for 4,6347. 19s. 8d., of
which there is due for adventures not yet paid 2,535?. 13s. 4cZ., from
Thos. Allen, treasurer of the voyage, for money received by him
from adventurers 882?. 10s., and in Lok's hands 1,216?. 16s. 4d.,
whereof he demands allowance of 1,200?. for his attendance and
charges. Signed, "Tho. Neale, audit." [Two pages. Indorsed
with several questions, or " Articles to be enquired of by Mr. Thos.
Neale and Mr. Baynham, auditors appointed to take the account of
the North-west voyage." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXVL, No. 57. Gal.
p. 606.]

Jan. ? 124. Petition of Michel Lok to the Privy Council. Has for three

years past taken charge of all the business of Frobisher's voyages,
to his great pains and very great expense. In his accounts, which
have been audited and certified, the petitioner has set down 1,200?.
expended from his own purse for particular charges, which the
auditors would not allow upon his last account, bu,t referred it to
their lordships. Beseeches their consideration of the premises, in
respect of his true dealings and of his having paid 4,000?. more, not
in his account, besides 2,250?. for his own stock and venture, all
the goods he hath in the world, whereby himself, his wife, and 15
children, are left to beg their bread henceforth, " except God turn
the stones at Dartford into his bread again." [One page. DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXXX., No. 18. Gal, p. 621.]

Feb. ? 125. Statement by Michael Lok, of his riding expenses, table

diet, interest of money, and other charges incurred by him for the
Company's affairs in the three years of the three voyages of Martin
Frobisher to the North-west. For the total amount, 1,200?., nothing
is yet allowed in his accounts. The stock and venture of himself
and children, including 97?. 10s. in the name of John Dee, is 2,250?.,
besides 2,430?., the stock and venture of the Earl of Oxford. [One
page. Indorsed, " Michael Lok's demands." DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CXXX., No. 19. Cal, p. 621.]

Feb. 126. " An answer to Mr. Lok's request for 1,200?. which he de-

mandeth of the Company of the North-west voyage for his service
for three years." The first year, 1576, should not be reckoned, Lok

50 COLONIAL PAPERS.

l. r >79.

being then in the service of the Muscovy Company. The Company
of the North-west voyage had no need of warehouses or meetings,
but two pinnaces went forth and the adventure, 875/., was all lost;
if he be allowed three in the hundred it is very much, which is
20/. (*/r). The second year went out the Ayde with two pinnaces,
the adventure being 1,075/., to be allowed for 3,2001., three in the
hundred and 20/. towards his charges and servants; in all, 11 6
The third voyage 157H ; the adventure was 7,0001., whereof Lok's
was 2.030/. ; allowed for 5,000/. at three in the hundred, or 1501.,
for three servants 40^., and for meeting the Commissioners four
months at 10/. ]>er month, " for the Cornrs. did not eat often with
him;" in all, 230/. Touching interest of money taken up by him,
no reason that other adventurers who have paid should pay Lol
interest. For boat-hire for two years to and from the Court, IOL
For his riding charges and keep of three horses during the building
at Dartford, 40. For his charges to Court, and following the
Queen in progress, it could be but part of two progresses in the
two last years, '201. The total amount Burghley has allowed is
430/. [One page and three quarters. Indorsed, " An answer
Mr. Lok's demands." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. C'XXVI., Xo. 35. Co
p. G03.]

Feb. 10. 127. Inventory of the furniture, ordnance, and munition of tl
ship Ayde, as she was bought of the Queen in April 1577; and
estimate of the value made by Sir Win. Wynter and Win. Holstok,
23 Feb. 1579. [Eight payee. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXIX,
No. 3G. Cal.p. 018.]

Feb. 10. 128. Inventory of the furniture, ordnance, and munition of the
Gabriel, and the estimated value. [Two payee and three quarters.
Ibid.]

Feb. 10. 129. Inventory of the furniture, ordnance, and munition of the
Judith, and the estimated value. [Four payee. Ibid.]

Feb. 10. 130. Inventory of the furniture, ordnance, and munition of the
Michael, and the estimated value. [Tu'O pages and a half. Ibid.]

Feb. 17. 131. " A proof of cne [half] ton of ore that came from the North-
west," melted at Daitford. The clear value "which is come out
our half ton of ore" is set down at 5^. 2s. [One 'page and
quarter. Indorsed, "17 Feb. 1578," and as above. DOMESTIC
EUz., Vol. CXXIX. } No. 43. Cal, p. CIS.]

Feb. 18. 132. Michael Lok to Sec. Walsyngham. Sends report of the
Ix)ndon. Commissioners and Auditors upon their last audit of his accounts,
wherein they have dealt very hardly with him. Trusts he shall
find the Council both reasonable and good to him, according to
tme dealings and painful sen-ice in this business. Incloses a 1
declaration in writing, directed to the Commissioners ; the business '
the accounts became so tedious to them that they waxed weary before
their time, and would not read his answer, but referred it to the
Council. Walsyngham was his first and chief friend on entering
into this troublesome and tedious business ; trusts he has given no

EAST INDIES.

1579.

cause for him to repent. Beseeches his continued favour and good
countenance, and that he will think of him as a true man. His
answer may seem tedious to read ; suggests that one of "Walsyng-
ham's men should report the effect of it, to be used for the informa-
tion of the Council as his cause shall require. [One page. In~
dorsed, 18 Feb. 1578. From Michael Lok. Certifieth the
Auditors and Commissioners' proceedings with him about his last
account."] Incloses,

i. Answer of Michael Lok to the Commissioners and
Auditors of his accounts upon the second audit. His
three books of accounts of Frobisher's three voyages were
audited in August 1578, and 9991. 4s. Qd. certified as
due to him, besides his stock in venture of about 4,OOOZ.
Second audit procured by Frobisher on his return, " he
of his own evil disposed mind, disliked of mine ac-
count, and made great complaint of the audit." They
were found just and true, with three exceptions. An-
swers to those objections. The great sums of money he
disbursed for the Company : 6001. for the first voyage,
1,300& for the second, and 3001. for the third voyage,
besides 8001. for the works at Dartford, all of which
was only repaid about a month past. " This answer
may suffice unto you that be wise and reasonable, and
as for Mr. Frobisher's 'faustye ' in this matter, it de~
serveth none answer at all." 20 Jan. 1579,
II. Further answer of Michael Lok. His accounts found
true as at the first audit. His great venture in the
three voyages, and charges disbursed in three years,
which he sets down at 1,200L,\ particularized under
six heads. The Commissioners doubting he has spent
some of the money, Lok declares the proofs. Long
and detailed statement from the beginning of these
voyages. The first, for discovery of Cathay, procured
by Frobisher by the good liking of Lord Treasurer
Surghley and others of the Council, whose letters, dated
in .December 1574, were brought by Frobisher to the
Muscovy Company for their licence, ivhich was at first
refused. Joins with Frobisher, who through Lok's
friendship with the Company obtained a privilege,
dated 3d February 1575, " and so gave out myself
openly for a chief friend and follower of the 'matter."
Used Frobisher as his fellow and friend; opened all
his own private studies and twenty years' labour to
him,, and showed him all his books, charts, maps, and
instruments. Daily instructed him, making " my house
his home and my purse his purse at his need; and
my credit his credit to my power when he was utterly
destitute both of money and credit and of friends."
Frobisher first lodged at the house of one Brown in
Fleet Street, then, to be nearer to Lok, at Widow Han-
cock's house in Mark Lane. Endeavours of Frobisher

52 COLONIAL PAPKHS.

to procure adventurers. Lok first set himself down for
100/, other* followed in the City and at Court to tJie
sum of SOU/., Lord Burghley making " a condition tl>nt
a convenient person should take charge of thin service."
More venturers could not be gotten, so the attempt was
given up that year, 1575. Frobisher a sad man. Lok's
good will towards hint. The enterprise revived the next
year, 157<>, when the adventurers agreed to continue
their venture. Frobisher alive again, solicits the help
of Mr. Hurde, then customer of London, and Alder-
man Bond, now deceased, at whose house divers con-
ferences on the matter were had. Mr. Hoyan and Mr.
Jiorowyh named to take charge of the money to be col-
lected ; the latter utterly refused, and Mr. Hoyan soon
gave it over to Lok, who took charge of the accounts of
all things. The greatest matter still in doubt, -u-fnt
should be chief governor of the ships at sea. Frobisher
had very little credit at home, and much less to be
credited with the ships abroad ; this matter the cause
of the overthrow of the voyage the year before. Luk
stepped in to satisfy the adventurers; and Christ. Hall
and Oiven Gfyffyn, masters of the ships, and Nicholas
Chancellor, purser of the voyage, known for trusty
men, joined with Frobisher in commission. For want
of money could scarce furnish two xnudl barks and
one little boat, instead of three. The cost, 1,GOO, of
which 900J. came out of Lok's purse. Frobisher re-
turned in Oct. 1576, with his strange man of Cathay;
and great rumour of the passage to Cathay ; was called
tq Court, " and greatly embraced and liked of the
best." Upon " his great informations of many great
matters of this ntw world," the Queen commissii
Sir Wm. Wynter, Ttios. Randolphe, Lok, ami others,
to take account of the doings of Frobisher and Hall
in the royaye, and what was requisite to follow up
this discovery for another voyage next year. The j> '/ *t
mineral stone brought home, by Frobixhcr. &lil/nl
certified to Lok that it came of a mine of gold. Gave
notice to the Queen. Frobisher said there ivas enough
to lade all Her Majesty's ships, whereupon greater /'-
parations were made for the second royaye in 1577,
for that the Queen would be a great venturer. The
chief charge committed to Lok, his trouble and charges.
The third voyage undertaken in 1578. The great busiv
fresh in remembrance. His demand for 1,200/., laid <
rery reasonable. Circumstantial account of his ridi
charge*, boat hire, table diet, interest paid for
for the adventurers, and his own cJtaryes for three
travail. Capt. Frobisher has been allowed more
800Z. "/or his service not so well bestowed as mi
Answer to the objection, that when Lok received

EAST INDIES. 53

1579.

Queen' s money towards the freight of the ships and the
wages of the men come home, he might have paid it
to them. Capt. Frobisher, now lacking the money he was
wont to have at Lok's hands, " entered into great storms
and rages with me ' lyJce a made best ' [mad beast],
and raised on me such shameful reports and false
slanders as the whole Court and City was full thereof."
Great hurt to Lok and to the Company's business in
consequence, not yet recovered, but will be shortly, "at
which time his false tales will be returned upon his own
head." These reports will be credited at Court until the
truth of Lok's doings are certified upon the audit of hw
accounts. Has ventured all the goods that he has in
the world without exception, and spent all his time for
the good success of the business ; if evil success should
attend the ore at Dartford, " which I trust shall not" it
is not in any way to be imputed to him, but rather to
Frobisher's great abuses against the Company, as in a
paper of articles shall appear in due time, and to Jonas
and Denham, the chief workmen, the causers of the cost of
fetching and, working the ore, " but I trust no such cause
shall be given." Requests that the effect of his doings
in this service, as found by his accounts, may be plainly
certified to the Council, "that I may satisfy the world
by the trial of my doings which 1 will justify. Jan. 26,
1579.

in. Protest against the hard dealings of the Commissioners ;
they would not hear his answer, and Mr. Auditor Neale
controlleth not Lok's accounts. It plainly appears that
he has disbursed some 2,000?. of his own for the Com-
pany's business, only repaid within these two or three
months. The Commissioners make it appear they have
a thorn in their foot which somewhat pricks them and
would put it into Lok's foot, who is not able to cure it as
well as they are. Intreats them to put themselves in his
place, and to do to him as they would be done by,
"and so shall prosper all." Feb. 18, 1579. [Together,
sixteen pages. Indorsed, "1578. The answers of Michael
Lok upon the second audit of his accounts/' DOMESTIC,
Eliz. t Vol. CXXIX., Nos. 44, 44. i.J

March 20. 133. Thos. Allen to Sec. Walsyngham. Has received his letters
for sale of the ordnance and Gabriel ; the ordnance is sold, but
Mr. Lok's appraisement of 150?. for the Gabriel is too much.
Frobisher has bid 80?. for her, " but I think ready money is out of
the way with him ;" Sir Nicholas Malby may perhaps have her and
pay the money. Wishes " these men " were paid ; is sore troubled
with them. Many things to be sold, in Lok's keeping. What Lok
can sell he does, but pays no man a penny. All things should be
sold out of hand, that Lok might bring in his " rear accounts " and
be discharged. [One page. Indorsed, "20 March, 1579," with
abstract DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXX., No. 10. Cal, p. 620.]

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1579.
March 2i

134. "A note of the value of 2 cwt. of ore gotten in the
Countess of Warwick's Island in Meta Incognita, and jmt down by
me, Jonas Schutz at the Tower Hill the 24th day of March
1 :>78[-9] and put off on three several tests containing gold and
silver." The whole weight of refined gold in the three tests,
amounts to 3 dwt. 10 grs., value 10s. 3d; of silver, 4 oz. 19dwt.
3 grs., value 25*. Id. Jonas "promises to make of every ton to-
wards 'all charges 15i." [One pane. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol.CXXX.
No.15.

March 28.

Tendon.

April ?

135. Sir Thos. Greshatn, Sir Lioncll Duckett, John Dee, Martin
Frobisher, Thos. Allen, Edw. Fenton, Chris. Hoddesdonn, Gylbert
Yorke, Michael Lok, and Matthew Fyeld to the Privy Council.
Have received their letter of 20th March to sell the other ships
and things remaining to pay the men. Will speedily see it done,
though a very small matter to pay that is owing. Request orders
may be given to those adventurers who have not paid their parts to
do so forthwith. Inclose the names of those to whom straight order
should be given to pay their full part, or else to lose all benefit of
their former adventures. Have had conference with one John
Barton : his offer to make proof of the ore at Dartford. Think it
very requisite that Jonas should proceed in the great works at
Dartford ; 500. required, but have no means of getting the money,
the former qessments not sufficing to pay for the freight and wages
yet unpaid, unless a new cessment be made upon all the adven-
turers. [Two pagett. Indorsed, " 2Q March, 1579," with absd-<"-f.
DOMESTIC, 11:., Vol. CXXX., No. 21. Cal.,p. 621.]

136. " An order set down by the Queen's Majesty's express com-
mandment, touching the supply ing of such sums of money as are due
by the adventurers in the North-west voyage, otherwise called M<t,i.
Incognita." Divers adventurers, notwithstanding letters from the
Privy Council [see ante, 7 Dec. 1578], have not brought in their
money as directed, to the utter undoing of some of the owners of
the ships, " and greatly to Her Majesty's dishonour being an adven-
turer, and having paid all such sums of money us were due by her."
It is the Queen's order that all adventurers, who have not yet paid,
shall do so to Thos. Allen, treasurer, one moiety within ten days,
and the other moiety within a month after, or be excluded from the
Company and lose the benefit of what they have put in. All who
mean to pay are to subscribe their names to this order. That no
man shall pretend ignorance, the bearer has a schedule of the
names of the adventurers, with the sums they have paid, and what
is due, subscril>ed by the authorized Commissioners. [Two 7 "'.'/*
and a h<t1f. Draught, with directions by Burghlcy. Indorsed^
"Orders touching Adventurers in the North-west voyage." DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXXVIL, No. 11. Cal. t p. 608.]

ines.
irol,

137. Fair copy of the preceding. [Tivo pages and three li
Indorsed, with the names of the Lord Treasurer, Lord Admi
Lord Chamberlain, Earl of Warwick, Earl of Leicester, Lord
Hunsdon, Mr. Treasurer, and Secretaries Walsynnhain and
Wilson. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CX XVI I., No. 10. Cal, p. 608.]

EAST INDIES.

1579.
April 25.

[April.]

" From the
Court."

April ?

May.

138. Names of the Adventurers who have not paid at this
25 April, 1579, with the amount due by each ; total, 2,167?. 3s. 4d.
due from 30 different persons, including 450?. from the Earl of
Oxford (with a note whether the Earl or Mr. Lok is to pay), 77?.
from Philip Sydney, 571. 10s. from Anthony Jenckynson, and 270?.
from Martin Frobisher. Also the names of [seven] Adventurers in
the second and not in the third voyage. Owing by Lok for the foot
of his account 1,217?. 19s. 4d., to be referred to the determination,
of the Council : also his rear account for goods returned in the ships
and sold by him. Frobisher's account not yet audited. [One page
and a half. Indorsed, " A note of the account touching the North-
west voyage." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXX., No. 42. Cat., p. 622.]

139. The Privy Council " to the Adventurers to the North-west
that be behind hand in their payments." For want of such sums as
are due, many that served in the voyage are yet unpaid, and the ore
remains untried, and so unprofitable. It is the Queen's pleasure
that so many as be behind hand, and intend to continue in the Com-
pany, shall subscribe their names for the sums due by them, to be
paid, as expressed in an order set down by the Council. The bearer
will also exhibit one other bill, to be subscribed, if refusing to be
any longer an adventurer of this Company ; he has a note, under
the hands of the Commissioners, of what is to be paid by each.
[Draught, with corrections. One page. Indorsed, as above. DO-
MESTIC, Eliz., Vol. GXXX., No. 46. Gal., p. 623.]

140. Copy of the preceding. [Half a page.
Vol. CXXX., No. 47. Gal, p. 623.]

DOMESTIC, Eliz.,

141. " Names of them that be left out of this last bill, and those
that be set less in this last bill than in the other." This list
includes Michael Lok 460?., Edmond Hogan 115?., and Thos.
Randolphe, Geoffrey Turvyle, John Dee, Sir Lionell Duckett, Lady
Martin, Mathew Fyeld, William Borowgh, and Wm. Harrington, for
lesser amounts ; in all, 835?. [Three quarters of a page. DOMESTIC,
Eliz., Vol. CXXVL, No. 36. Cal, p. 603.]

142. " The doings of Capt. Frobisher amongst the Company's
business." He set out on his first voyage from London 20th May, 1 576,
to discover a passage to Cathay, and arrived at the north coast of
Labrador amongst great islands, which he supposed to be the
straits between America and Asia. By great disorder or evil
government, the people of that country took one of his boats and
five men ; he brought away a strange man, and returned to Har-
wich 2d October, 1576, and on 9th to London. Commissioners were
appointed to examine him concerning the passage to Cathay, to
whom he vouched " absolutely, with vehement words, speeches, and
oaths," that he had discovered the straits to Cathay, and found
good harbours for all the Queen's navy. His arguments found to
be false by his two latter voyages, and the passage left as uncertain
as at the beginning. In the first voyage, on a rock half a mile in circuit,
named Hall's Island after Christ. Hall, who was the first to land

56 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1571)

Frobisher remaining ten miles at sea, a black stone was found " as
great as a halfpenny loaf," by Robert Garnml, who was afterwards
taken ly the people ; it was given to Lok, who had it tried by divers
men of art, found to be a mineral ore of a gold mine. Knowledge
given t<> the Queen. ''Much marvaile. was made," and Commissioners
appointed for setting out a second voyage. Examination of Frobisher
and Hall. Frobisher vouched "with great speeches and oaths" there
wns enough to be had to lade all the Queen's ships, and he promised
to hide all the ships of the second voyage with it. The Queen a
great adventurer, the cost of that voyage 5,300/. The ships left
London 26th May, 1 577. Jonas, Denham, and Gregory, and a
number of miners sent. Could rind no mines at all ; so never after
brought home one stone of that rich ore. He wandered about to seek
harbour; in four days discovered on the South land Jackman's
Sound, but found no mines there to their content ; from thence to
the Northland; in eight days came to a better harbour, they
named the Countess of Warwick Sound, and there laded the
ships with ore. Great hazard, uncertainty, and charge of this
second voyage " attempted by this bold captain." The chief conduct
committed to Frobisher by the Queen's patent, nd Commissioners
assigned to see him furnished and dispatched. Would needs have
had three tall ships and two barks. " No small raging and out-
rageous speaking" before his departure, as the Commissioners will
witness. Would have all authority in his hands alone. Because lie
could not be furnished to his will, " he flung out of the doors, and
swore by God's wounds that he would hip my masters the venturers
for it, at which words Capt. Fenton plucked him secretly, and willed
him to be modest." His desire to have some condemned men to
leave in Friezland and in his new straits on land, to discover the
state of the country and nature of the people. Not one went the
voyage, but were set at liberty by him, " for friendship and money."
He took with him 25 men more than his number, and SO men more
were discharged at Harwich and Gravesend by special letters from
the Council. His wars with the strange people under colour of
j>eaco. John English first set on shore. Account of a tight. Violence
used to make prisoners, three or four slain, two women taken,
one with her child being brought to England. The people now fly
from all traffic and conference with the English, as was evident in
the third voyage, and so is lost one of the chief causes of these
voyages, viz., the knowledge of the country. His outrageous
speech and furious conduct to Hall, master of the Ayde. He would
not make any discovery of the country, as he was specially
charged, because he could not be at the doing, and " his vainglorious
mind will not suffer any discovery to be made without his own
presence." Returned to Milford [Haven] 2()th September, 1577, laden
with rich ore, worth (}Ql. a ton as he affirmed with great oaths,
'" and such plenty of precious stones, diamonds, and rubies, as
he had discovered, and brought some with him. No small joy
was had of his arrival, and no small increase of his reputation, so
AS now 12 or 20 men were too few to follow his horse upon this
his return." Trials of the ore. John Broade and the other gold-

EAST INDIES.

1579.

smiths of London could find no gold. Jonas' proceedings suspected.
Conference with Dr. Burcot. Pension of 100?. a year conferred upon
Jonas for life upon condition of his making the ore worth 30?. a ton
towards charges, not to be above 10?. a ton. Also pension of 50?. a
year to Robt. Denham. Third trial on Tower Hill. Further trials
in presence of the Commissioners, and John Dee, [Andrew] Palmer,
John Broade, Humphrey Cole, and others, finished on 20th February
and 6th March [1578]. The ore found to be worth at least 24?. a
ton towards the charges, and so certified to the Privy Council by
the Commissioners on 8th March. Frobisher's visit to Lok's house on
] 5th February, being greatly enraged with the Commissioners. Went
to Tower Hill, where " finding Jonas naked at his works, and very
sick, almost to death, of infection of the smoke of the minerals," he
reviled him, and drew his dagger on him for not having finished his
works, that the ships might be prepared for the third voyage.
Jonas solemnly vowed never more to go with him to sea ; brought to
have conference with Dr. Burcot on 10th December [1577], whose
dealings Jonas disliked, but Frobisher liked them so well " that lie
joined entire friendship with them." Great contention between
Burcot and Jonas for mastership of the great works. Pension of
100?. a year granted to Burcot, and a patent to be chief workmaster.
The Commissioners' dealings with Jonas in the meantime. Frobisher's
duplicity. Burcot's false works proved by means of Robert Denham,
described in detail. Burcot showed his proofs to Lord Treasurer
Burghley and to Sir Walter Myldemaye, chancellor of the- Ex-
chequer, and requested the antimony ore to be delivered to him, the
great works to be built presently, the ore at Bristol to be brought
hither, and Frobisher speedily dispatched on this new voyage. Upon
Burcot's promises " so great a Captain Frobisher was exalted to so
great a dominion in his third voyage." A rich red stone found in
the second voyage ; Frobisher promised to lade his ships with it
in the third voyage, but did not. A unicorn's horn about five feet
long found on a little island in Jackman's Sound, and esteemed
worth 1,000?., presented to the Queen by Frobisher in his own
name, and not in that of the Company to whom it belonged. A
ruby of more than an inch square, " a present mete for a prince "
found by Jonas amongst the rocks, which Frobisher promised to
present to the Queen in Jonas' name, he cannot learn what has be-
come of it ; also of many diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and other jewels
found in the second voyage which are put up privately. His great
vaunt of treasure brought home in the second voyage, and his promises
to surmount the riches of the Indies, induced Her Majesty to grant
him the lease of a good living, and to give him 100?. to distribute
among the men, which is not done. He caused the Company 100?.
superfluous charges by keeping the Ayde at Bristol, and would not
make an inventory of the goods there. His waste and pilfering of
the goods on the voyage. Causes of the third voyage, chiefly
because of the great riches of the mines of gold found in the new
country, and the open passage by sea to Cathay, which Frobisher
vouched to be by him discovered and made plain. Directions of the
Council to the Commissioners, 12th March, 1578, to proceed with a

58 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1579.

third voyage. Hereupon Frobisher " grew into such a monstrous
mind, that u whole kingdom could not contain it; but already,
by discovery of a new world, he was become another Columbus."
Through Frobisher's vouching that the French King was arming
twelve ships to take possession of the straits and fortify the mines
there, he was set forward with eleven ships and 100 men, well
furnished, to fortify and inhabit on his third voyage, which cost the
Company 13.000J. Left London May 1578. His great abuses in
badlv victualling the ships, and providing 120 men from the Wast
country ; many changed by favour for shoemakers, tailors, musi-
cians, gardeners, and other artificers. He took four ships and 100
men more than were appointed by the Commissioners, at a cost of
:J,000/. more to the Company than was looked for. After Captain
Fenton was chosen to be the head of the men left to inhabit,
Frobisher feared the fame of that enterprise would dash the glory
nnd fame of his former doing, "and plainly said to Chas. Jackman
at Harwich, that they should not inhabit there." Contention be-
tween Frobisher and Fenton in Met Incognita; great wrong done
to the Earl of Warwick, who preferred them both together to the
Queen. Reasons why Frobisher overthrew Fenton 's service, which
cost the Company 6.000/. Frobisher placed Andrew Dyar, a most
unworthy man, to make discovery of the country they should in-
habit, and seek out the way to Cathay; but the Commissioners
appointed Charles Jackman in his stead. Much controversy caused
by his making Alex. Creeke, his kinsman, boatswain of the Ayde.
Would not punish, but rather maintained the disobedience of
Edward Robinson and others against Christ. Hall, Robt. Davis,
and Capt. Fenton ; said his instructions from the Council were hut
the device of Fenton and Lok, and were never read by their lord-
ships, and refused conference and council with Capts. Yorke, Best, and
others. Carried his ships to a wrong place ; " through his obstinate
ignorance" he led the fleet along a coast unknown, enduring many
storms in extreme danger amongst rocks and ice 18 days. Would not
suffer any further discovery to be made of the passage, nor accept the
services of Capt. Hall and Jackman, who put him in mind sundry
times, ' ; his mind being so vain-glorious that he will not suffer any
discovery to be made without his own presence * * * * so that
service which was the chief intent of the Company and first
cause of the beginning of all these costly voyages, is utterly
frustrated and dead." He commanded the ships out of a safe
port in Warwick Sound to a dangerous road in Bear's Sound,
and by this means the whole fleet was scattered and came
home straggling one and two together, and far apart. Return
of the Thomas of Ipswich, having sustained great damage by
ice, about a month before any of the others, with false news that
they were all lost. Arrival ot Frobisher at Cornwall 25th Sept. 1 -~>7 S .
the first news of his safety ; long time after all the rest arrived in
sundry places. He immediately repaired to the Court at Richmond,
and from thence to London " whereupon was no small joy conceived
on all parties," for the safety of the men, though many died of sick-
ness, but especially for the treasure he brought, the ships being laden

EAST INDIES. 59

1579.

with rich gold ore worth he said 601. and SOL a ton. " Whatsoever
it be must be thankfully accepted, for he hath done his good will to
bring the best that he could find, besides such number of jewels and
precious stones- as he talked of, and perchance secreUy hath found
and felt" Discharge of the ore at Dartforcl. Jonas ready lo work
it with four workmen sent for out of Saxony and Germany. Com-
mission appointed 29th October, 1578, to see good proofs made of the
ore from both voyages. Jonas's first trial of two tons on 8th No-
vember, which " proved very evil ;" a seconjd trial on 12th and 13th
November, in presence of Sir Thos. Gresham and the other Commis-
sioners, proved somewhat reasonable, but far from the riches looked
for. The ore grew into great discredit and much hurt followed to
the adventurers. Frobisher continually soliciting the furtherance of
the works " that he might have some goodness to carry to Her Majesty
for a knighthood which he hoped for, but the matter happened far
contrary to his expectation." His general misrule and abuse of
Captain Fenton, upon whom he drew his dagger. Unlading of the
Ayde and refusal to make an inventory of her. His abuse of the
treasurer and officers at Dartford for the keys of the work-houses.
Swore that Mr. Lok nor no man else should be porter of that house.
Adventurers withhold their money due for payment of the ship's
freight; only the Queen's part of 1,150?. and Sec. Wilson's of 571.
paid to Lok ; he is unable to supply Frobisher with any more
money. Frobisher's slanderous reports of Lok ; on 20 November,
[1578], Frobisher came, with 40 men, to his house in a fury, accusing
him of cozening Lord Oxford of ] ,OOOL, of making false accounts,
and other things. A new audit of Lok's accounts shows his doings
to be true. Frobisher pays more wages than are due, and charges
the Company with what men and how he likes. His small venture
in the voyage and great wages for his service, yet he reports he has
had nothing at all of the Company. Divers have brought in all
such books, charts, and writings as they have made, " which remain
with Michael Lok for the Company, appearing in a book register
kept thereof, bat Frobisher refuses to show his doings ; it seems he
has kept no account of either of these voyages. He brought home
no samples or assays of the mines found as he had special commission
to do ; and detains the mineral and jewel stones had of the men in
the Ayde, and a bushel collected by Chris. Hall from other ships ;
as also the instruments of navigation belonging to the Company.
The great havoc and waste of provisions for the 100 men to inhabit
with Captain Fenton, Second trial of ore by Jonas on 29th December
in presence of Frobisher, " who made a great haste thereof to have
presented it unto Her Majesty for a new year's gift to bring him a
knighthood," but the work succeeded evil. Another great proof on
20 January [1579] in presence of Frobisher alone, by the Commis-
sioners' order, the ore found to be worth 101. a ton, " which was some-
what comfortable/' Frobisher abuses Lok, who had charge of the
accounts, and took the keys of the workhouses from Ed ward Castelyne.
Disorder in the works at Dartford without account of Jonas's third
proof. Further trial made by Jonas at Tower Hill 22 March, 1579,
before the new Commissioners, Sir Thos. Gresham, Sir Lionell Duckett

60 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1579.

Cn])t. Fcnton, Capt. Yorke, Thos. Allen, and Chris. Hoddesdonn ;
the ore found to be worth 157. n ton, " And so these works rest for
this time \\hich God grant may proceed with good success." All
things at l>artfonl taken charge of by inventory on Ifith April, 1579,
by Edward Sellman, a servant of the Commissioners, who was
Iteaten and had his head nearly cloven with a dagger by Frobisher.
Sellman has complained to the Commissioners, "and so the matter
rcsteth as it is." Offer made in writing 18th April, 1579, by Jonas,
l)enham, and the Ihitehman, to buy all the 1,800 tons of ore at
Dartford at 20 marks the ton, and to work it themselves at their
own charges. Lok desires to have his part of the ore, being 150
tons. Overthrow of the bargain through Captain Frobisher, and
great storms raised both in the court and city against Lok, Jonas,
and the workmen. Letter received by Frobisher from Duke Casimir,
that he would send shortly six very good workmen out of Germany.
Jona.s condemned by Frobisher to be a knave and his workmen
fools. His deceitful practices with Jonas and Denham. The works
at Dartford lie still dead as yet, to the no small damage of the
Company. Summary of Frobisher's disorderly dealings, his arro-
gant and obstinate government at sea, insolence to the Com mis- -
sioners who are weary of his company, prodigality in the Company's
business, full of lying talk, impudent of tongue, and perchance
the most unprofitable of all that have served the Company, as his
accounts will declare. Statement of Capt. Frobisher's account, show-
ing that his doings have damaged the Company about 10,000.
[Forty jHiyf* DOMESTIC, Ell:.. Vol. CXXXL, No. 20. Cal, p. 625.
Another copy hi the Brit. Mns., Lansdou'iie, C., fol. 1.]

IShO.

,lai:. i'0. 143. " Testimony of the Auditors for the debt to William Bur-
rowe." That Michael Lok of London, mercer, treasurer for the
Company of Adventurers of the North-west voyage, has given up
his accounts, where it is declared that he bought, on behalf of the
Company, of Win. Borowgh of Limehouse, the Judith for 32(>., of
which !)5i. is still due by the Adventurers. Signed by LioneU
Duckett, Thos. Neale, Richard Yonge, Mathew Fyeld, and Edmond
Ilogan. \Copy. One p<t(jc. Brit. Mix*., Lonsdou-nc, CXL V., p. 254.]

I ")^o ? 144. " A now attempt for the discovery of Cathay by the North-
east, begun in anno (.s/c) Ed. VI. by Sir Hugh Willoughby,
Knight, and others, but not finished by reason of his death in that
voyage." List of the names of those that have not yet promised,
and the names of those that have promised ; the chief setters forth
of this voyage being certain of the chief Merchant Adventurers for
new trades. William Borowgh, collector. [One ptif/e. East Indies,
Vol. I., No. 5. Indorsed, " A note of the collections for the
discovery of Cathaya by the North-east/']

1580? 145. " A discourse touching Russia and Persia, and how they
may be traded," &c. A chosen gentleman bred in Court should be
sent to the Sophy with eight special men of different trades. Dis

EAST INDIES. 61

1580.

coveries by land and sea to the North-east should be attempted.
Device to bear the charges. The manufactures or trades to be
established ; saltpetre, Turkey blades, plates for armour, cutter of
bowstaves, feltmaker, weaver of Turkey carpets, and twq^ expert
soldiers, one for sea and the other for land. Also " To what great
end it is to attempt this year 1580 (?) a discovery of the great river
of Obb, and of a passage by the North-east into Asia, and of the
three means to bring it to effect." [Seven pages and a half. In-
dorsed, as above. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CCXXIIL]

1580?

146. " Certain notes of consideration to be had for Persia,
tending to divers good purposes." The purport of this document is
to the same effect as the preceding, having reference to trade
and the discovery of a passage by sea to Cathay. The privileges
heretofore granted by the Sophy of Persia to the merchants of
England [see ante, 14 April, 1563,^ No. 7.], and their having
absented themselves for two years, ft for that a new Prince doth
now there reign." The reviving and ratifying the grant of inter-
course made by the Sophy to the English merchants by this Prince's
father may minister sufficient cause to send an ambassador into
Persia, but the merchants should bear the burthen. [Three pages
and a quarter. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CCXXIIL The Queen's
letter to the Sophy of Persia to renew the privileges granted by his
father to the English merchants, and a c< learned epistle," written
in 1581 concerning the mighty river Ob, and " giving good light
to the discovery to the North-east passage to Cathay, China, and the
Moluccas," are printed in Hakluyt, /., pp. 470-1, 575-8.]
1580.

May 15. 147. Instructions for the two masters, Charles Jackman and
Arthur Pet, delivered to them at the court day holden at Muscovy
House 17th (sic) May, 1580, with a new chart, made by hand,
given to each, " expressing their Cathay vo3 r age, more exactly than
any other yet published." If from Wardhouse to Colgoyeve Island be
reckoned 400 miles, from Colgoyeve to Vaygatz 200 miles, from
thence to the Promontory Tabin 1,200 miles, then is the wholo
course from Wardhouse to Tabin 1,800 miles, allowing in a discovery
voyage but 50 miles a day ; ," the course may be sailed easily in
3G days/' When past Tabin land will probably be found " on your
right hand running much southerly and eastward, in which course
you are like either to fall into the mouth of the famous river
(Echardes, or some other, which yet I conjecture to pass by
the renowned city of Cambalu ; " or else keeping to the very
northern and most easterly point of all Asia, passing by the
province of Ania, keeping land on your right hand, "you may
enter into Quinsay Haven, the chief city in Northern China, as
I term it, for distinction sake, from the other better known." The
whole winter may be occupied in noting the situation of the cities
within land, &c., getting charts or maps of the country made and
printed in Cathay or China, and some of their books for language.
Opportunity may also be had to sail over to Japan, where Christian
men, Jesuits of many countries of Christendom, and perhaps some
Englishmen, " at whose hands you may have great instruction and

go COLONIAL PAPERS.

1580.

advice for our affairs in Imnd. God be favourable to these attempts

portion in Hupplieil b>j another copy in Lantsdowne, CXXIL, No. 5.
There in a copy printed in Hakluyt, /., 492, 493, bul differing at
the commencement. In it the lost three lines are not given.]

May 2<. 148. " Commission given by Sir Rowland Haward, Kni, and
George Harms alderman [aldermen?] and governors of the Company
of English Merchants for discovery of new trades, unto Arthur Pet
and Charles Jackman for a voyage by them to be made for discovery
of Cathay, InSO." [Thirteen pages. Copy made in 1G68, probably
for Sir Jon. Williamson. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXCVI., pp. 123-
*130. Printed in Hakluyt, /., pp. 487-490.]

1")S(). 149. " A note in writing, besides more privy by mouth, that was

given by Richard Hakluyt, of Eiton in the county of Hereford,
Esq., anno 15SO, to Mr. Arthur Pet and to Mr. Charles Jackman,
gent by the Merchants of the Muscovy Company for the discovery
of the North-east streights, not altogether unfit for some other
enterprises of discovery, hereafter to be taken in hand." [One page
ami a half. Copy made in 1068, probably for Sir Jos. William-
son. DOMESTIC, liz., Vol. CXCVL, p. 130. Part only of the
" Notes" printed in Hakluyt, I., pp. 493-498.]

l.")S<). 150. Journal of the voyage of Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman

for the discovery of Cathay by the North-east, with the George of
40 tons, and the William, set forth at the charges of the Company
for the discovery of new trades, otherwise called the Muscovy
Company. With note that the William, with Charles Jackman,
had 5 men, but is not returned this year, having arrived at a port
on the coast of Norway in October 1580, and from thence in Fe-
bruary following, had sailed towards Greenland; the George had 12
men; the ships were victualled for two years and a half; Wm.
Horowgh, mariner of Limehouse, placed Arthur Pet in this voyage,
and directed it. With a rough map. [Twenty pages and a half
Brit. Mas., Otho, VJII., pp. 67-77. A much fuller account than
that u-ritten by Hugh Smith, and printed in Hakluyt, /., 502-511.]

1~>M) ? 151. " Necessary laws to be considered of amongst the Company

of New Adventurers, as to Persia, &c." For avoiding remiss practices
of false brethren ; against any brother of the fellowship marrying
beyond the seas ; for the trial of such defaulters, and concerning the
time allowed to put in appearance. [One page. East Indies, Vol. I.,
No. G. Indorsed, " Certain orders to be observed by the Company
trading into Persia."]

1581.

Feb.? 152. "The offer of Michael Lok for all the North-west ore

brought by Capt. Frobisher," with marginal note in Burghley's
hand [in brackets]. To pay 51. per ton for the 1,200 tons; con-
ditions of payment and security. [To have better surety than by

EAST INDIES. 63

1581.

himself.] To have the lease of the mills and work-houses at Dart-
ford ; [the value of the lease to be known] ; free use of all imple-
ments; furniture, and minerals there ; licence to search and mine
for ores, under certain conditions; [excepting all other 'former grants
made by Her Majesty, or by any her progenitors]. To be discharged
from all debts and demands for the business of the Company The
Queen to have liberty to revoke this grant in seven years, on certain
conditions. " Or else, if the foresaid offer be not liked," Lok will
cause all the ore to be wrought on account of the Company, and
make it worth 51. a ton at least. Terms demanded, including an
allowance of ten shillings a day for himself, and a stock of 400?. to
be provided to buy additaments to begin the works. [Two pages
and a quarter. Brit. Mus., Lansdowne, XXX., .No. 4., where is
also another copy without Lord Burghley's notes.}

Feb. 153. " The offer of Michael Lok for the North-west ore at Dart-

ford." To have licence for three years to search for minerals, by
Wm. Humphrey's patent, with liberty to work them at his own
charges, he giving five per cent, of the clear gains. Use of the work-
houses at Dartford for three years, with liberty to work the North-
west ore there at his own charges. A man to be of his council and
to take account of all he does. The clear gain to be given to pay
the debts of the Company for the North-west voyages of Capt. Fro-
bisher. Recompense for his land bought and evicted from him.
Protection for three years, a quietus est of his accounts, and discharge
from all his bonds. Goods of the Company to be collected and
debts recovered. When the creditors are all satisfied, to have a free
lease of the work-houses at Dartford, with the Company's interest.
Letter to be written by the Council to the Commissioners to
examine all the workmen for the additaments used with the North-
west ore in the small assays made in Meta Incognita which showed
all clear gold. Names of the Commissioners and workmen.
"D. Burcott is dead." [One page and a half. DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CXL VII., No. 69. Another copy is in the British Museum,
Lansdowne, XXX., fol. 4.]

June 16. 154. Petition of Michael Lok, prisoner in the Fleet, to the Privy
Council. Beseeches consideration of his present poor state. Is con-
demned, at the suit of Wm. Borowgh, to pay 200?. for a ship bought
of him for Capt. Frobisher's last voyage, which is not the petitioner's
debt. His accounts have been audited four times within the last
three years, and have lately been certified. There is still owing by
the Company of Adventurers 2,796?., for which the petitioner is
bound. Has in consequence sustained great troubles, many im-
prisonments, and extreme losses to his utter undoing, and is not able
to earn one penny towards maintaining his fifteen children. Prays
for his release, a quietus est for his discharge from his account, and
that his bond for 4,000?. for the adventure of the Queen may be
cancelled ; also for a warrant of protection from further trouble for
debts owing by the Company. Incloses,

154. 1. Answer to such Articles concerniny Michael Lok's account,
and the voyages of Martin Frobisher to the North-west

64 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1581.

jMrts, " as your honors did appoint us to examine and
certify." Tin' whole adventure of the voyage* is 20,34-52.,
of which 1(5,4042. f>. 8<2. lias If en jxiid to Lok, 9912. to
Thou. Allen, and 2352. to Win. Borowgh, in (dl
1 7,6302. Ox. 8t2., leaving u npaid 2,7H2. [1 3s. 4c/.] Due by
Lttfi ?//> hi* account 1,2082., which he has petitioned
to be allowed for charges disbursed. Due by Thos. Allen
1902. 17*., which he stays for freight. Lok is further
charged with yowls sold 4(>72. 12., which he has disbursed
for wages and other thing*. Remains due by the Com-
pany of Adventurers for freight of six ships and to other
persons 2,7902. Signed by Titos. Ncale and Wm.
Beynham, auditors. 26 May 1581.

154. n. Account taken at Muscovy House, 8 March 1578. Copy,
see ante, No. 91., but with the additional signature of
John Dec.

154. in. Causes and foundation of the three voyages of Capt.
Frobishcr. The first, in 157G, was to discover a passage-
by sea north-westward to Cathay ; it cost 1,6002., of
which Lok was forced to supply 9002. The second, in
1577, t'pon the trial of John Baptista Agnello, Italian,
Jonas Schutz, Almain, and Robert Denhan, Englishman,
of the ore brought home in the first voyage, certified by
them to be of a mine of gold worth more titan 602. a ton,
and, when rejected by their Honors, justified by Sir Wm.
Wy nter, upon whose certificate only this voyage was made
at a cost of more than 4,0002., whereof Lok was fore zd to
venture 1,8002. The third voyage, in 1578, upon the
above certificate of the Commissioners of the value of the
ore brought in the second voyage, and upon Dr. Burcott's
bonds of its value, procured by means of Capt. Frobisher
only, at a cost of 15,0002., of which the Earl of Oxford
and Lok ventured 5,0002. The blame of any faults that
are now found should not be laid upon a wrong -,.
but each party should answer for his own doings, as set
down in a book by Lok, entitled "Quo warranto," com-
mitted to the report of the auditors Neale and Beynham t
good friends to Frobisher , who can report the truth.

154. iv. The slanderous and untrue information of Capt. Fro-
bisJier, Tlios. Allen, Wm. Borowgh and Fras. Lee, against
. Michael Lok, treasurer of the North-west voyages. That
he has made false accounts, and thereby " deceived" the
Company of 3,0002. ; is iu debt to the Company upon A/'*
accounts 2,0002. ; h<ts not ventured one groat ; has prac-
tised, with Jonas and the workmen to his ou'n gain and
the Comptinifs loss ; has cozened the Earl of Oxford out of
1,0002. ; knew the ore from the second voyage to be nought
wlien he Bold part of his venture to Lord Oxford.

EAST INDIES. 65

1581.

154. v. Answer of Michael Lok to the preceding information, made
by the four several audits of his accounts in July 1-577,
Sept. 1578, Feb. 1579, and May 1581. He has dealt
justly and truly ivith the Company ; is not indebted to
them one penny ; his charges disbursed being allowed, he
lias paid them all. Is a venturer for 2,380?., besides
charges disbursed and Lord Oxford's adventure. He be-
lieved, as well as the Commissioners, that the workmen's
trials were good and true, which turned to his mun
greatest loss. Has dealt justly with Lord Oxford, who is
a venturer on his own account for 2,520?., of ivhich he
has paid 2,000?. Did not know the ore was naught when
he sold part of his venture. The third voyage was made
upon Dr. Burcotfs bonds, procured by means of Capt.
Frobisher. Lord Oxford, by letter of 21 May, 1578, to
the Commissioners, requested he might be a great ven-
turer, " hoping to be a great gainer thereby, as the rest of
the venturers did hope!''

154. vi. Brief note of the charges and expenses paid by Michael
Lok in three years for the affairs of the Company
of Adventurers of the North-west voyages ; total,
1,711?. 3s. lie?., for which he asks to be allowed but 1,200?.
for his services, which are detailed. Besides being put to
more than 1,000?. charges in 1579 and 1580, and
damages sustained " by the too too much trouble and
vexation for this business, having been imprisoned seven
times, in all tJie prisons in London except Newgate, for
the debts owing by the Company to divers men, not yet
paid, which I stand still bound for," and not being able
to follow any business whereby to get one penny towards
maintaining his great family of 1 5 children.

154. vii. Reasons to prove that the Company are charged but one
per cent, per annum of their stock for Lok's great charges
of household, travel, and service, for three years. The
Company's stock of 20,345?. is thus divided : the Queen
4,000?., the Privy Council 3,740/., Earl of Oxford 2,520?.,
rest of the adventurers 7,705?., and Michael Lok alone
2,380?. It is common and usual aitiong all merchants to
allow their factors five per cent, and more, as in several
cases cited. A demand at this rate would entitle him to
3,000?., for ivldcli Lok has set down but 600?.

154. vin. Petition of Michael Lok to the Privy Council. To
consider his service in the three voyages to the North-west
parts, according to equity and his dutiful meaning ; to
have a quietus for his accounts, his bonds for 4,000?. of
the Queen's money cancelled, and a warrant to keep him
from further trouble; to determine upon his articles for
the ore and houses at Dartford ; to hare liberty to work

COLONIAL PAPERS.
1581.

again to maintain his fifteen children, now utterly un-
done " through my losses and troubles by these unhappy
voyage* of Capt. Frobisher."

154. ix. The account of Capt. Frobisher not yet audited. Total
amount owing to the Company 563?. 17s. 8c?. besides his
wages and entertainment; for the first voyage 8QL,fortJie
second 250?., and for tJie third 428?; and 400?. more for
tlte wages and entertainment of his 15 serving men for
two years.

154. x. Memorandum of the charges Capt Frobisher has damaged
tfie Company by his evil service and prodigality. Total
amount, 10,200?. ; for the charges of 25 men taken in his
second voyage above his number, and 30 more entertained
for a time ; for 100 men taken in his third voyage above
the number appointed by commission ; for the freight of
two ships returned home out of the four taken tlie third
voyage above those commissioned ; for the spoil and
p'dferi/ng of tackle, implements, and goods, and evil
government in tJie three voyages; for the furniture and
provisions of 100 men to remain tJiere "for the conquest
of his new kingdom," which was utterly overthrown by
his malice and envy against Capt. Fenton ; and for
making wars with the people under promise of peace, not
suffering the passage through tJte straits to be discovered,
not helping Fenton to plant his men, carrying eight
ships of the fleet to an unknown pla,ce, where they were in
great danger of wreck for 18 days "through his obstinate
ignorance " and other evil government.

154. XL The Privy Council to Sir Wm. Wynter, Thos. Randolph*,
Edward Dyar, John Dee, Rich. Yonge, Edmond Hogan,
and the rest of the Commissioners for the North-west
voyage. To freight the ships in the name of Michael
Lok, appointed treasurer on behalf of the Company, and
assure the owners that all payments and covenants of
the charter parties shall be performed to their satisfaction.
The utmost expedition to be used.

Greenwich, May 6, 1578.

154. xu. Copy of the charter parties of all the ships, subscribed by the
Commissioners, Thomas Randolphe, John Dee, Edmond
Hogan, and Andrew Palmer. May 16, 1578.

154. xin. Testimony of the auditors that the balance of 951., owing
to Wm. Borowgh for the Judith, is due by the Company of
Adventurers and not by Michael Lok. Jan. 22, 1580.
[See ante, No. 143, dated 20th Jan. 1580.]

154. xrv. TJie Privy Council to Sir Wm. Wynter, Edward Dyar,
Mai-tin Frobisher, Rich. Yonge, Mathew Fyeld, Edmond
Hogan, Michael Lok, and Andrew Palmer. Require
tftem to proceed with as convenient speed as may be in

EAST INDIES. 67

1581.

what they have so wisely conceived for the voyage to the
North-west, both for having good shipping to bring hither
800 tons of ore, and for having in readiness 100 men to
be left to inhabit those parts. Greenwich, March 12^ 1578.

154. xv. The Earl of Oxford to the Commissioners for the voyage
to MET A INCOGNITA. Understanding of the wise proceeding
and orderly dealing for continuance of the voyage for the
discovery of Cathay by the North-west, which Ids friend
the bearer, Martin Frobisher, has already attempted, and
induced by the great liking of Her Majesty to Jtave the
passage discovered, and the especial good favour he bears
to Frobisher, he offers to be an adventurer for 1,000?.,
which, upon receiving a certificate of admittance, he will
give bond to pay at Michaelmas next. From the Court,
21 st May, 1578. [MS. pamphlet, with table of contents,
together eighteen pages. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXLIX.,
No. 42. Copies of Inclosures I. to x. are in the Brit.
Mus., Lansdowne, XXXI., No. 76.]

Sept. 24. 155. Earl of Shrewsbury to Earl of Leicester. Thanks for
informing him of the setting forth of two or three ships into the
East Indies, in which voyage Leicester minds to be a good adven-
turer. Is contented to be one of the adventurers, the rather because
he thinks Leicester doth look into the matter before adventuring so
great a sum ; and though he has not money to lay down, will be
contented to furnish his part of his bark Talbot, and send his man
Jolly in her. Accounts this will be about 1,000?. adventure, ship
and furniture considered. Perceives Frobisher likes the ship well
for this voyage. Leicester's encouragement is such as to make
Shrewsbury willing to set his ship forward, " being ready to be a
partner in any action you take in hand." [One, page. Mutilated by
fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., fol. 95.]

Oct. 1. 156. Martin Frobisher to the Earl of Leicester. Has agreed with
Mr. Ughtrede for the price of . . . . , 2,800?., with all neces-
saries belonging to her, and her furniture. His honour to pay
2,000?. at three several times ; Mr. Ughtrede contented to venture
the other 800?. [see No. 180.] Hopes the ship will be sheathed in
1 5 days. No answer as yet from Lord Shrewsbury. Has not moved
Sir Fras. Walsyngham, nor any of the rest but my Lord of Oxford,
" who bears me in hand," and would buy the Edward Bonaventure ;
1,500?. offered, but 1,800?. wanted for her. [One page. Holograph.
Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VI I I., fol. 86.]

Oct. 10. 157. Dr. Hector Nunez to Sec. Walsyngham, Notwithstanding
"From my house h e does not visit any who are sick of the plague, yet being a phy-
n London. s i c j an an d a Londoner prevents him from carrying the inclosed
writing. Great riches arrived at St. Michael in 4-7 ships, on 13th
August, for the King of Spain, who was received sovereign of the
East Indies conditionally, that is, if chosen by the Governors of
Portugal, to whom the people were sworn after the Cardinal's
decease. Seven men from the Isle of Tassira [Terceira] sent on

E 2

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1581.

Get 10.
From the Court

Oct. U.

Plymouth.

Oct. 20.

Chatham.

'l>onrti the three ships from the East Indies to entice them to
put into that port ; but the Admiral perceiving their purpose took
them prisoners to Lisbon to be punished. Refers to his long suit,
and to the old saying " he that doth give shortly, gives double."
[East Indies, Vol. /., Nos. 7, 7. I.] Incloses,

157. I. Neu'sfrom Seville of the arrival of the Span ish fleet from

the Indie*, and account of ttie goods brought from
New Sjxiin, St. Domingo, and Peru for the King of
Sjxiin and other persons. September 14, 1581.

158. Arthur Atye to Mr. Customer Thomas Smythe. Requests
Jnm to pay his nd venture of 200. in the voyage to the East Indies
with Frobisher, to Martin Frobisher himself, and to take a receipt
for it. Annexed,

158. I. Mem. that " Marten Furbusfier, gent," has received of
Thos. Smyth?, of London, Enquire, the sum of 200iL
Signed by " Martin Frubiw" 1581, October 12.
[One page. Brit. Mus., Itarhian, G993,/y?. 10.]

159.

Sir Francis Drake to Earl of Leicester. Is well pleased
. . . . any adventure that his lordship ... far forth as
his ability will . . . this especially for that Leicester is
. . . . famous an action. Nothing shall be wanting in him to
be assistant to bring it to good effect, both with . . . sum he
is able to give, and also that Mr. Frobisher .... with such
sufficient men of Drake's late company .... some experience
that way. Offers his .... in three several ways; will
adventure in money . . . value of 1,000 marks, for which he
will make some trial of his credit to furnish this action. Thinks
he has a ship of at least 180 tons, as fit for the voyage as may be
had, wherein he will bear the adventure of 1,000, and furnish her
very sufficiently in a short time ; but if Leicester and Frobisher
think it best to have the little new bark and the two pinnaces,
Drake will bestow the like adventure. "Will gladly attend his
lordship's answer, being very desirous to show his dutiful service,
and is willing to follow the directions of Leicester and Frobisher
in every respect. \Two pages. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus.,
Otho, VIII.fol.97.}

160. John Hawkins to Thos. Smythe, Arthur Atye, or Richard
Bolland. Has received his letter of the 19th instant, with letter
inclosed from Sir Fras. Drake, of the 1 4th. Would be glad if his
ability and estate were such as he might be an adventurer in this
journey, but is hardly able to overcome the debt he owes Her
Majesty, and keep his credit. His sickness continually abides with
him, and every second day he has a fit ; is more like to provide for
his grave than to encumber himself with worldly matters. Neither
adventurers nor any thing that is good can lack for the furtherance
of so good an attempt ; has had always a very good liking to the
enterprise. [One p<ige. Brit. Mus., Harhian, 6993., /o/. 11.]

EAST INDIES.

1581.

Oct. 26.

Sheffield.

Get?

Oct. 31.

London.

Nov. 3.

Sheffield.

161. Earl of Shrewsbury to E.irl of Leicester. Seeing Frobisher
doth so far . . . must needs think himself .... therein,
trusting Leicester will persuade . . . had rather . . . attempted
providing (^) his own ship than . . . any other. Is bold to
write ... to his lordship. Incloses his packet to Jolly, liis own
man, who hath the . . . ?hip under himself, so that he may per-
form all. . . . [One page. Mutilated by fire. Brit, Mus.,
Otho, VIII.,fol.96.~]

162. Earl of Shrewsbury to [Earl of Leicester?]. Delivered
. . . . 20 days past to Mr. Carew, to be conveyed from Non-
such. Strange he can hear of no man about the furnishing of his
[ship ?] Shrewsbury's servant, Baldwin, made Frobisher acquainted
with the purser .... at .Limehouse, where the ship is built.
Baldwin gave orders to the purser, in Frobisher's hearing, to embark
provisions in Shrewsbury's ship to the value of 500?., which Fro-
bisher and the purser conceived sufficient for Shrewsbury's part.
Believes this has been done unless countermanded by Frobisher
which he has not heard of. [One page. Mutilated by fire. Im-
perfect. Brit, Mus., Otho, VIII.Jol 80.]

163. Edward Fenton to Martin Frobisher, and in his absence,
to Mr. Atye, secretary to the Earl of Leicester. The whole burthen
and charge for furnishing . . . ship will not exceed 2,600?.
Sir Fras. Drake will not adventure above . . . Wishes therefore, be-
fore young Mr. Hawkyns departs, that all things might be considered,
young Mr. Hawkyns being of opinion that a bark fully furnished
will cost nearer 3,000?. than 4,000?. Has conferred with John
Hawkins, and finds, allowing 500?. for merchandise, that the charges
cannot exceed 2,600?., to set her royally out. Desires things may
be carried with a sound foundation, and young Hawkyns so employed,
as he may have both countenance and credit, and the action not
hindered, or he deceived by overmuch trust in his friends. [One
page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., fol. 81.]

164. Earl of Shrewsbury to Earl of Leicester. Is contented to
[risk half of the] ship [Talbot, valued at 300?.], and give 500?.
towards furnishing her, because Leicester doth see . . . that
voyage, otherwise would not have given anything, being minded
rather to sell her than make any adventure. Is very sorry that his
lordship, by the negligence [of those] Shrewsbury has trusted, should
be .... either with Sir Fras. Drake or any other. Would
willingly she should go in this voyage though his adventure . . .
greater ; howbeit means not to furnish her himself nor lay in her
. . . . sum of 2,000?. If the part of his ship and offer of 500?.
be liked, will cause all .... to be furnished with speed ; if
disliked, he shall wish his lordship good .... in this adven-
ture, for he means not to make any adventure in any ....
If he could get a good chapman, would gladly sell his ship. Under-
stands nothing of the disability of Garter's sons ; requests him to
deal with the Queen about it. In a postscript, requests his help to

COLONIAL TAPERS.

N I.

Nov. 7.

I'lvlMOUtll.

1581 ?

1581.

Nov. 15.

Sheffield.

Nov. 16.

Fleet Prison,
London.

" utter my ship," and for the money he will gladly venture with him,
is so unprovided that at present he cannot do as he would. [One
Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mu*., Otho., VIII., fol. 100.]

165. Warrant signed by Martin Frobisher, Edward Fenton,
and Luke Warde, to Arthur Atye, to pay 300?. to Fenton for pro-
visions already bought [for the voyage to the East Indies]. [Quarter
of a iHttjf. lint. MH*., Harhian, 0993, fol 13.]

166. Sir Fras. Drake to Leicester. Has moved divers in this
country .... some adventure therein, but can . . . .
no certainty of any ; for his own .... has entered so far
into the matter .... his good lordship's sake as his ability

well endure. If he might otherwise .... in any
stead to forward it his .... to show his endeavour to the
uttermost A stay come down for .... shipping, set forth
in warlike manner, which makes the merchants more doubtful [of]
adventuring than otherwise they would be. The bark which Drake
lately sent to the I si .and Tresera [Terceira ?] is returned, with letters
for his lordship, whereby he will understand the state of that place
more effectually than Drake can signify by writing. Perceives the
Wil lough by of Bristol is there, but not greatly stored with wealth.
Is ready to the uttermost to accomplish his lordship's commands.
[One page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VII I., fol. 101.]

167. Simon Fernandez to Frobisher. About furnishing and
victualling [one of the ships] which he has undertaken to do at
Mr. Ughtrede's command. Wishes Frobisher to send a purser to
do his business, and thinks it will be the better if he be there very
soon. [One page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VI II.,
fol, 102.]

168. Shrewsbury to Leicester. Chester and the others, partners
of Shrewsbury's ship, have promised to furnish their part for this
voyage, as royally as shall be thought meet. Offer of Chester and
the servants whom Shrewsbury has appointed to serve in the ship
as a consort of .... promising to acknowledge Frobisher as
their admiral to .... on him as their leader, and assist him
in all affairs ; so as Frobisher suffer them to deal for their share of
any prize lawfully to be gotten ; they utterly refuse to deal in any
other sort. Knowing Chester's experience Shrewsbury is willing
to adventure his half with him in the form before declared, other-
wise not to adventure anything, unless it be the half of his ship,
or 2007. in money. [One page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus.,
Otho, VI 1 1., fol. 103.]

169. Michael Lok to [Sec. Walsyngham ?]. Although 20,000/1
have been spent in Capt. Frobisher's three voyages, of which Lok is
a loser of 5,000?.. " yet was not I the cause, nor .... those
voyages ;" but of the first only in 1576, which cost 1,6001., in which
Frobisher was sent to discover Cathay, which he did not perform.

EAST INDIES. 71

1581.

Baptista, Jonas, and Denham, the three workmen of the ore brought
home in the first voyage, the cause of the second voyage in 1577,
being credited chiefly by Sir Wra. Wynter and the Commissioners
of London. The procurers of the third voyage in 1578, which cost
15,000?., were Jonas and Denham, and chiefly Dr. Burcot, who
gave bond of the value of the ore from the second voyage.
Frobisher J s double dealing and foresworn promise in not lading a
ship with 500 tons of " a rich red ore," certified to be worth 120?. a
ton. Although following all the business as treasurer, Lok has done
nothing without warrant, and has given true accounts to the
auditors. Beseeches his honour to remit his displeasure and pity
the writer's poor estate, having been six months in prison for the
debts of the adventurers, and to grant liim quiet from further
trouble, that he may travail for his 15 children and do some service
in the ore at Dartford. [One page and a half. Imperfect and
mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., fol. 44.]

Nov. 17. 170. List of provisions [for the voyage to the East Indies]
including 30,000 biscuits, and 120 quarters of meal. Signed "Your
very loving friends, Martin Frofaisher, Edward Fenton, and Luke
W[arde]. [Half a page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII.,
fol 99.]

Nov. 23. 171. Robert Jolly to Thos. Atye, secretary to Earl of Leicester.
Mr. Frobisher neither .... nor as consort. Thinks " our
ship" is not like . . . voyage, unless you take my Lord
[Shrewsbury] .... adventuring the bare half of ....
For Mr. Baldwin his fellow .... further order, but reserved
over to .... who do now refuse, or delivering .... of
the ship or paying 200?.- .... which Atye pleases. Lets him
understand thus much before his . . . . . of the " Hussy
Company." [One page. Indorsed, " Robt. Jolly to me touching
the bark Talbot." Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII.,
fol. 113.]

Nov. 23. 172. John Barker to the Earl of Leicester. As to fit men
Bristol. belonging to the city of Bristol to go the voyage. Shipping of
staves. [Three quarters of a page. Mutilated by fire. Otho, VIII.,
fol. 82.]

Nov. ? 173. List of furniture belonging to a ship going to the East

Indies. Signed by Henry Ughtrede and Martin Frobisher. [One
page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., fol. 98.]

1581 ? 174. Note of ordnance, ammunition, &c., for shipping, for

which "he demandeth 2,250?., whereof he will adventure 1900?."
[Three quarters of a page. Mutilated by fire. Otho, VIII..,
fol. 83.]

1581? 175. "A proportion" of victuals [for the galleon Ughtrede],

with the prices, total 1,679?. 10s. 4cZ. ; also "for other furniture"
1,568?, 14s., together 3,248?. 4s. 4d [Threepages, in the handwriting
of Thos. Atye, sec. to Leicester. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus.,
Otho, VIII. Jols. 117,118.]

COLONIAL 1'Al'EKS.

1581 ? 176. Estimate of the cost of sheathing the three pinnaces, of a

new cabin, and canvas, ropes, pitch and tar, &c. for the ship and
pinnaces. ' [One paye. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mu., Otho, VIIL,
fol 122.]

1581 ? 177. Another estimate containing many more articles than the

preceding with the prices. [One page and a half. Mutilated by
fire. Brit. Mu*., Otho, VII L, fol. 123.]

1581 ? 178. Estimate of the victuals necessary for the voyage ; with a

total of 98021. 10*. [Imperfect. Two pages. Mutilated by fire.
Brit. Mu., Otho, VIII., fol*. 124, 125.]

1581? 179. "Note of merchandize to be taken in the voyage" [of

Edward Fenton,] with amount of the cost, including metals, horse-
tails, copper kettles, and basins, bracelets of brass, knives, daggers,
and hatchets, shirts of mail, paper, cards, dice, pens and inkhorns,
looking glasses, coloured ribbons, pins, needles, saddles, bridles, bits,
pistols^ scissors, &c. The victualling for 13 months. The number of
mariners GO. [One page and a half. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mua ,
Otho, VIILJoh. 93, 94.]

1581 ? 180. Agreement between the Earl of Leicester and Henry Ugh-
trede, concerning the galleon Ughtrede. The ship having been valued
by Ughtrede and Frobisher at 2,8001., the former agrees to sell to
Leicester so much of the ship in participation as will amount to
2,0001., Ughtrede reserving to himself to participate in 8001. Time
of Leicester's payments ; repairs to the ship ; ordnance, ammunition,
and furniture ; proportion each is to bear of the charges. As an
earnest of the bargain the Earl agrees to give " so much velvet good
and new as will be sufficient to make a gown for Dame Elizabeth,
wife of the said Henry Ughtrede." Leicester to procure, "if he may
]x>j>sibly," the King of Portugal's commission, authorizing Ughtrede
to send two other ships to these ... in warlike manner to
take and spoil the Spaniards or Portugals, enemies to the said King
Don Antonio, Ughtrede giving to the King the first part of all that
shall be taken. Signed by Henry Ughtrcde and Martin Frobisher.
[Tivo pages. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., fol. 119.]

1581 ? 181. Proposals concerning [Fenton's] intended voyage to the

East Indies. Making read)' the galleon Ughtrede and the Edward
of Hampton, and taking in their provisions. No other gentlemen
to be appointed to go the voyage but the three captains specified,
the rest to be factors and mere seamen. Privilege to be procured
for such as adventure in the voyage. Authority to the captains and
merchants appointed to set forth the voyage. Division of the gain ;
tUe charges to be first deducted ; the rest to be divided into three
parts, whereof two to be allowed the adventurers, and the other
third for the wages and allowances of the captains, factors, masters,
and mariners, " by which means the adventurers shall be at no
furtluT eh irges than the first setting forth of the voyage whatsoever
shall hap thereof." [One p<iyc. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus.,
Otho, VIII., fol. 228.]

EAST INDIES. 73

1581 ? 182. Inventory of the ships under the charge of Edward Fenton
and Luke Warde. The Ughtrede of 400 tons, with estimate of the
charges for 108 men for 13 months, and an overplus of certain
things for six months more; total, 6,0357. 10s. 10c7. : the Edward
Bonaventure of 250 tons, with estimate for 72 men f total,
3,4577. os. 8d. : the Francis [of 40 tons], two pinnaces, two Spanish
shallops, and a bark [? the Elizabeth of 50 tons] of Sir Fras. Drake.
Names of the adventurers and how much they adventure ; total,
7,01 61. 13s. 4c7. : of which the Earl of Leicester subscribes 2,2007.,;
Mr. Ughtrede, 800?. ; Sir Fras. Drake, 666? 13s. 4c7. ; Carlile, Fro-
bisher, and Fenton, 3007. each ; Sir Christ. Hatton, 2507. ; the Earls
of Warwick, Shrewsbury, and Pembroke, Lorcls Burghley, Huns-
don, and Howard, Sir Fras. Walsyngham, Sir Thos. Heneage, and
Luke Warde, 200?. each ; and the Earl of Lincoln, Sir Edw. Horsey,
[Wm.] Burde. and [Rich.] Boyland, 100?. each ; "the Muscovy Com-
pany among them." [Eleven pages. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CL.,
No. 90. The Ughtrede is named "the Bear e galleon" in Teuton's
Instructions, and " the galleon Leicester " in Luke Warde s account
of the voyage in Hakluyt, IV., pp. 259, 263.]

1581 ? 183. Minutes [concerning Fenton's voyage to the East Indies and

Cathay]. The adventures amount to about 11,600?. Sir Fras. Drake's
bark not accounted in the former charges ; to consider how she is to
be victualled and manned. The merchandise, 2,000?.; it were wished
it might be more, if there were more money. To consider of the num-
ber of men, idle men, and officers as captains, merchants, ministers,
surgeons, masters, pursers, c., and their entertainment. Order to be
taken for Sir Fras. Drake's bark, for the general's commission, for
the council to be appointed and for their instructions, for auditors,
assurances for the adventurers, and above all for amity and good
obedience amongst the general, captains, gentlemen, and the rest.
Names of the ships to be set forth, the charges, and adventurers,
with the sums subscribed by each. The ship Mary Edwards, the
galleon Ughtrede, and the new bark ; total cost [6,400?.] The
adventurers, Earl of Leicester and Mr. Ughtrede, 3,000?. ; Sir Fras.
Drake, 700?. ; Earl of Oxford, 500? ; Capt. Frobisher, 300?. ; Edward
Fenton and his friends, 300?. : Lords Pembroke, Warwick, Howard,
and Hunsdon, Sir Chris. Hatton, Sir Fras. Walsyngham, and Cus-
tomer Smythe, 2007. each ; and Earl of Lincoln and Customer Burde,
100?. each. " The special men Mr. Frobisher desire th ; the appoint-
ing captains, lieutenants, and especially one that shall swear him if
ought otherwise than well betide him.'' Also rough draught of a
list of adventurers, probably for other vessels for this voyage, in
which the names above mentioned appear, as also Luke Warde, 2007.;
[Rich.] Boyland, 1007. ; Sir Thos. Heneage, 2007, ; Earl of Shrews-
bury, 2007. ; Sir Edward Horsey, 1007. ; the Lord Treasurer, 2007. ;
Mr. Carlile, 1007. ; and others, without any amount, whose names are
crossed through, including J&L. -H-awkifls. And a third rough draught
of a list, very similar to the above, with additions. The Earl of
Shrewsbury half of the bark Talbot, valued at 300?,, and 5007. in
money. 1,0007. further required to set forth the bark, "whereof

74 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1581?

these following will adventure." Edw. Fenton and his friends, 3002.;
Aldermen Hawnrde and Calthorpe, Aldresea [sic], Yonge, Hawkyns,
Sadler, Cordell, [AM] Martin, [Aid.] Polison, [Aid.] Starrkye, Sir
Edward Horsey, Palavicino, Earl of Shrewsbury. Indorsed with
notes of persons necessary for the voyage ; a Portuguese who speaks
also Spanish, Italian, and Latin, for interpreter ; Evans, the Bristol
man, who speaks French ; a garbler of spices, an apothecary, a sur-
geon, and a jeweller in each ship. [Five pages and a half. In the
handwriting of Thos. Atye, secretary to Leicester. Mutilated by
fire. Brit Mus., Otho, VIlLJols. 104-106.]

1581 ? 184. Articles of agreement for the voyage [to the East Indies and

Cathay]. To lay together their xid ventures amounting to ....
To make the gain at return according to every man's adventure. To
set out two good ships, the galleon Ughtrede and the Hastings,
furnished for 13 months, 14-0 men in the galleon, and . . in
the bark. Capt. Frobisher appointed general. Chief merchant of
each ship A. B. E. F., &c. Council to consist of ... men. A. B.,
appointed registrar or public notary, to set down acts of council
and all other things to be noted in the voyage ; " this officer the
Spaniards had always with them in every voyage/' If young
Hawkyns be captain of the bark, some other trusty [person] not
altogether to be ruled by him, to be joined in ship with him. The
course to be taken, to avoid the Spaniards who may and will lay
for ... Sir F. Drake. Not to pass China to the north-east-
ward, "so will the traffick be better made, and the reason of this
charge to be given him is, least perhaps he should have some desire
to search out his formerly pretended passage that way, and so
hinder this voyage, which is only for trade." To deal like merchants
with all courtesy. Not to take anything from Her Majesty's friends
or [allies] without paying justly for it, nor use any [force] except
in self defence. The chief purser to give up inventories of the shins'
victuals, &c. to the Company before departure and on coining home.
No wares to be landed without the Company's orders. \Fourpages.
Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mu#., Othn., VIII., fol-s. 84-85. This impro-
bably the original draft, corrected, in the luindwritinfj of Thos. A tyc,
secretary to Leicester, on which " the first draught" of Capt. Fro*
bishcr's instructions were founded [see No. 187.], which instruc-
tions were afterwards altered for Edward Fenton, April 9, 1582,
who went general of this voyage. Frobisher did not yo.]

1581 ? 185. Advice concerning the passage to Malacca and traffic there,
also to the Moluccas for spices ; the fittest places for watering and
the best means to preserve health ; it is sufficient if " they shall
have in their company divers of my men which were in my late
voyage." [One i>a<je. Mutilated by fire* Brit. Mus., Otho, VIIL,
fol, GO.]

1582.

Feb. 11. 186. Lord Burghley to his very loving friend Sec. Sir Fras.
We*uninHter. Walsynghain. Has received two despatches from him ; with the

EAST INDIES. 75

1582.

first, the instructions for Frobisher and a letter from Sir H. Cobham.
The instructions he retains to consider of. [Extract from DOMESTIC
Corresp., Eliz., Vol. GLII., No. 42. These instructions were after-
wards altered for Edward Fenton, see Walsynghains answer,
April 9, 1582, No. 191.]

Feb. ? 187. Instructions [for Martin Frobisher] to be observed in the

voyage for the East Indies and Cathay. Indorsed, " Capt. Frobisher,
the first draught" [in the handwriting of Thos. Atye, secretary to
the Earl of Leicester], with corrections by Lord Burghley, and mar-
ginal notes in other hands. The same in substance as were after-
wards given to Edward Fenton, who sailed general of this voyage
To be capt.-general op the galleon [Leicester], Edward Bonaventure,
the bark Francis, and the small pinnace. To appoint 190 able
persons for furnishing the vessels [altered to 180; but afterwards
increased to 200, as printed in Hakluyt}. To have as assistants
E. F. to consult in all matters of importance, .[in the margin]
Fenton, Warde, Carlile, Parker, Shawe, Beynham, Mathew Talbois,
and Madox the minister [in the printed copy, Capt. Hawkyns,
Capt. Warde, Nicholas Parker, Madox, Walker, Evans, Randolph
Shawe, Mathew Talbois. A paragraph in this article as to con-
sultation when the ships are in harbour is erased.} Particular notes
to be kept of all consultations, for which Captain Carlile is appointed
registrar. [Madox the minister is named in Hakluyt.} Power to
punish mutiny or any other offence ; that which concerns life, by the
verdict of 12 honest men of the company. [Art. 6, not to remove
the vice-admiral and other officers named in Hakluyt, is destroyed
by fire.} Succession of the general in case of death. Inventories to
be made of tackle, munition, and "the furniture of every ship at de-
parture and return, for the Earl of Leicester and the Governor of
the Company. To use all diligence to depart from Southampton
before the last of February next. [A Itered to this present month,
" of April," added by Hakluyt.} Not to pass to the north-eastward
of 40 latitude at the most, "because we will that this voyage
shall be only for trade and not for discovery of the passage by the
North-east to Cataya," [this passage was afterwards altered, " but
shall take your right course to the isles of the Moluccas for the
better discovery of the North-west passage." See Hakluyt.} "other-
wise than if without hinderance of your trade, and within the said
degree you can get any knowledge touching that passage, whereof
you shall do weU to be inquisitive as occasion in this sort may
serve." Course of the ships and keeping company. Not to spoil
nor take anything from any of the Queen's friends, or allies, or
any Christians without paying justly for it ; nor use violence ex-
cept in self-defence. To deal like good and honest merchants, and
especially to be careful in the performance of their word and pro-
mise. Settlement of a trade in fit places; some few men and
women of those parts to be brought home, leaving some of his com-
pany as pledges " to learn the tongue and secrets of the country."
[There is an addition to this article in Hakluyt, that the
hostages should not be of more value than the persons received.]
No person to keep to his own private use any stone, pearl, gold,

76 COLONIAL PAPERS.

15H2.

hilver, or other commodity; penalties. [Art. 16 in Hakiuyt is
omitted.] Books of accounts to be kept by the general and the
factors. No one to make charts or description of the voyage unless
deputed by the general, and which he should have on his return,
leaving no copy. All the ships to come home together and none to
unlade without special order. To agree, with the advice of his
assistants and masters of the ships, upon some written orders for
those going with him in this voyage, for their better government
both at sea and land. [Here follows an article, of which a few
words only are If gibU, not printed in Hakiuyt.] Reverence and
re.sj>ect to be paid to the ministers appointed to go the voyage.
The whole direction of the voyage and government of the people
to be at his disposition, except in the course by the Straits of
Magellan, the passage by the northward of 4-0 latitude and the
displacing of the captains. Capt. Oarlile to have the chief charge
of all enterprises on land. [Hakiuyt add*, " Capt. Carlile upon
occasion was not in this voyage ;" and a last article 24 requiring
all to observe these instructions. Nine paf/es. Mutilated by fire.
Otho, VIII.. foh. S7-92. See Fenton* instructions, dated April 9,
1582. Printed in Hakiuyt, IV., 259-263.]

March 17. 188. Henry Ughtrede to Earl of Leicester Mr. Haw-

Netley. kins a man of sound .... hope of the voyage [Fenton'sJ

experience very small, his mind high, his . . . the man cholerick ;
and fcnrs in those hot countries that his service would be very small,
and yet his mind . . . ns not to be overruled which will make great
discord. Wishes therefore rather Hawkins to have the place of
government, an honest gentleman, being already prepared for the
voyage. Mr. Carlile, .son in law to Sec. Walsyngham, a proper man
of better experience than Mr. Fenton, being already prepared for
this voyage, a man also sober and tractable, who, if joined with
Hawkins, Ughtrede is persuaded they would agree well and do good
service as men loth of milder natures and more equal conditions.
Knows this motion would be better liked by the merchants and
also by the mariners, " for I find them hardly bent against Mr.
Fenton and truly none here will go if Mr. Hawkins lead them not.
.... Might have been on the voyage long since .... lingering
convocations of the Muscovy House . . . Our emulous captains
who . . . their own pride forget our profit and the honor of ...
voyage. His lordship will understand fiom Hawkins what has

been done to pacify the mariners who be much troubled

mutinous speeches and ready to continual brawls. [Tiuo pages.
Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mil*., Oiho, VIII., fol. 126.]

March 24. 189. The number appointed to go in the ships [for the voyage to
Cathay and the East Indies]. In the galleon [Leicester] : Edward
Fenton, Wm. Hawkyns, Christopher Carlile, and Edmund [? Nicholas]
Parker, gentlemen; [Rich.] Madox, preacher; Mathew Talbois, Thos.
Beynhamand [Myles] Evans, merchants ; [.John] Banester, surgeon;
two pursers, a jeweller, garbler, distiller of fresh water, smith, shoe-
maker, tailor, three musicians, an apothecary, [some good ship-
wrights, addett by BCRGHLEY,] eleven attendants, and 88 sailors:

EAST INDIES.

1582.

April 2.
Westminster.

April 9.

" From the

Court."

total 120. In the Edward Bonaventure: Luke "Warde and [Thos.]
Skevington, gentlemen; Randolph Shawe and Peter Jefferey, mer-
hants; Lewis, surgeon ; an apothecary, jeweller, garbler, smith,
shoemaker, tailor, two musicians, two pursers, five men, and 60
sailors : total 80. [One page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus.,
Otho, VIILJol 136.]

190. The Queen's commission to Edward Fenton to govern all
ships in the voyage to be made to the southward, " as well for the
discovery of Cathay and China, as all other lands and islands
already discovered and hereafter to be discovered by Edward Fen-
ton ;" with power to him or his deputy to press shipping, mariners,
soldiers, and other needful persons for the yoyage, to rule over his
company, and punish by imprisonment and death, " if the greatness
of the fault and necessity shall so deserve ;" and authority for those
of his company to inhabit the land so discovered according to orders
given by the Privy Council, who are invested with full powers to
appoint a successor in case of Fen ton's death. [Two pages and
a half. Copy by Richard Madox. Brit. Mus., Sloane, 2146,
fols. 70, 71.] '

191. Sec. Walsyngham to Lord Treasurer Burghley. The Earl
of Leicester and Walsyngham have now sent him Mr. Fenton's in-
structions to sign, for his speedy dispatch. Requests he will also
join in signing another letter enclosed to Mr. Ughtrede, Mr. Barne,
and Mr. Towerson for certain speeches to be used to the mariners of
this voyage for yielding obedience to Fenton and the rest who have
the chief charge. [Three quarters of a page. DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CLIII., No. 4. Fenton's Instructions " to be observed in the
voyage recommended to him for the East Indies and Cathay" are
printed in Hakluyt, IV., p. 259, et seq. ; as also an account of
the voyage written by Luke Warde, captain of the Edward Bona-
venture. they sailed 1 May, 1 582, and returned to Plymouth 29th
May, 1583.]

[April 9.] 192. Imperfect copy of the instructions for Edward Fenton,
from Article 16 to 24, the last in the handwriting of Rich. Madox,
chaplain of the galleon Leicester, signed by Burghley, Leicester,
and Walsyngham. [Four pages. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus.,
Otho. VIIL, fol. 127-128.] With minute that to these instruc-
tions, " when they first came to my sight," the following letter was
Annexed, :

192. I. Earl of Leicester and Sec. Walsyngham to Edward Fen-

ton, " captain and general of the company in the voyage to
China, and those parts?' Very requisite to leave, on his
return home, some fit person in China, to remain there
not only as an such commodities as he

carries ivith him .... and instead of them to
receive other commodities of that country, to the use of all
the adventurers, but also to acquaint liimself with the
language and condition of that people, as also with the

78 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1582.

commodities which those countries yield; Christopher
Carl He, being " thought a meet man for this purpose"
is nominated to be left behind, with so many of the com-
pany as m<iy be selected by the general and his assistants.
Peter Jcfferey and Thos. Jleynham, adventurers in good
portion* In this voyage, are appointed of the number of
Fc n tons assistants. The Lord Treasurers signat ure is not
to this letter In/ reason of his absence, but it is to be of no
less force " for so it 'is Her Majesty's pleasure?' [One
page and a quarter. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Af us. The
first part in Otho, VIII. , fol. 1.28, tlie conclusion in
Sloane, 21 46, fol. 70.] Greenwich, April, 11, 1582.

April 22. 193. Henry Ughtrede, Aid. Geo. Barne, Luke Warde, Edward
Nctloy. Fenton, Win. Towerson, Win. Hawkyns, Nychqlas Par[ker], and
John Cas[telyne] to Earl of Leicester. Find all ready and well
furnished .... the travail of five or six days for . . . .
matters to be embarked, which in .... shall be accomplished,
reserving God's blessing .... favourable wind. Have agreed
to leave ... by the ... of the owner, preferred by Cap-
tain Warde to be sold . . . and have accepted in lieu thereof a
bark of .... apter for the voyage, to which they crave his
lordship's consent. Hope by .... to satisfy his expectation
in all things. [One page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus.,
Otho, VIII.,fvl. 114.]

April 22. 194. Edward Fenton to Leicester. Agreement made by Sir
Netley. Francis Drake for additional men, through whose liberality and
the imprest allowed them, fourteen have been entertained for this
voyage. If wind and weather permit, he trusts to sail within five
days ; leaves the report of all other matters to Drake. One thing
has greatly grieved Fenton, the .... the journey of Captain
Carlile, whose .... grows chiefly by placing before . .
. . the instructions, young Mr. Hawkyns .... offended
with Fenton in that he did not .... to Leicester to have
them reformed. His lordship can best witness what care Fenton
had .... contented, which Leicester told him he should
receive .... good liking and according to an agreement
. . . down betwixt Leicester and Drake ... so as Fenton
trusts Leicester will discharge him, nnd leave the gentleman satis-
fied of his . . . towards him, whose company Fenton most
. . . in this voyage, loving him . . . and for many other
good things in him. Begs him to be thankful to Drake for his
good counsel to Fenton, and persuasions to his company for
their obedience. [Two pages. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus.,
Otho, VIII., 129.]

April 22. 195. John Walker to Leicester. Is ever bound to his lordship
Southampton, for sending . . . Since his departure from Court he has been

. . . has taken institution and induction into the ....

"fyllacke" which Her Majesty bestowed upon him. The bishop

EAST INDIES. 79

1582.

showed . . . courtesy he might, and assured him of his
friendship. Beseeches Leicester to be a means to Her Majesty to
keep his livings until his return " from the Indians." Is now
somewhat in debt, which the profits from his poor livings during
his absence will discharge, to the great quietness of his conscience.
Sir Fras. Drake has used him with the greatest friendship, both
in instructing him in the voyage, and in dealing liberally with
him and his fellow preacher [Richard Madox], for which he be-
seeches Leicester to give him thanks. [One page. Mutilated by
fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VI I I., fol. 130.]

[April 26.] 196. " Accidents of alteration " for the voyage to Cathay and
China, in the handwriting of Rich. Madox, chaplain of the Leicester
Notwithstanding the addition of the fourth bark, the ships are very
deeply laden, especially the Admiral ; complaint of the sailors of
want of cabling and cordage. Tidings brought by Wood that
Capt. Carlile was kept back by an ague, whereof very many were
sorry, but especially Madox, because he had reposed so much in his
good courtesy, and had determined to have remained with him
wherever he had stayed. The General and Alderman Barne ap-
pointed Nicholas Parker to all Carlile's preferments, and named the
ship, called in the commission the Bear galleon, the galleon Lei-
cester, which they " thought would be more sounding and significa-
tive." Only one box received from the Privy Council, the keys given
by Sheriff Ughtrede to Capt. Warde, Capt. Hawkyns, and me [Ric.
Madox]. [One page and a quarter. Brit. Mus., Sloane, 2146,
fol. 71.]

April 29. 197. Account of " the first weighing of anchors " of the ships in
Fenton's voyage, by Richard Madox, chaplain of the Leicester. The
whole company mustered by Sheriff Ughtrede at his house, and a
frank promise of willing endeavour received from every man.
Ughtrede's short and good pithy exhortation and delivery of the
whole charge to Edward Fenton, general, in presence of Alderman
Barne and Mr. Towerson. Notwithstanding the general's care, the
men ever slinking with back errands to the shore, Ughtrede, the
mayor of Hampton, and the whole fleet invited to dinner on board
the Leicester ; sermon preached by Madox : anchors weighed after
dinner, and the next day the ships were riding at Cawshot. [One
page and a half. Brit. Mus., Sloane, 2146, fol. 72.]

April 30. 198. Inventory of the Elizabeth, signed by Edward Fenton,
Luke Warde and William Hawkyns. [One page. Mutilated by fire
Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII. , fol. 116.]

May 1. 199. Henry Ughtrede to Leicester. Trusts the ships will make a
Netiey. prosperous voyage. In the forenoon, before their departure, Rich.
Madox, his lordships' chaplain made a godly . . . eloquent
sermon in the ship before 300 people, and showed himself to be a
chaplain worthy of so honorable a patron. Great pains taken by
Alderman Barne, Mr. Towerson, and Mr. Castelyne, to further the
dispatch of the ships. Unruliness of the mariners ; but now all is
finished, and the ships are at sea with a prosperous wind. Prays

BO COLONIAL PAPERS.

15S2.

they mny have a safe return, " and I wish all the King of Spain his
"old in thfir bellies, to temper the pride of such a tyrant" [One
page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII.Jol 121.]

May 1. 200. " Our second weighing at Cawshot" [Calshot], written by
Richard Madox. A last muster of the whole company taken by
Fenton, Alderman Barne, [Win.] Towerson, and [John] Castelyne.
In the Leicester were Edward Fenton, general ; Wm. Hawkyns,
lieutenant ; Nyeholas Parker, captain at land ; Rich. Madox,
minister; Myles Evans and Mathew Talbois, merchants; Christ
Hall, master ; about 80 sailors, 24 necessary men, and 12 boys. In
the Edward: Luke Word e, vice-admiral; John Walker, minister;
Randolph Shawe and Peter Jefferey, merchants ; Thos. Pearsie,
master; about 54 sailors, 1C necessary men, and 8 boys. In the
Francis: John Drake, captain ; Wm. Markham, master; 14 sailors
and 2 boys. In the Elizabeth : Thos. Skevington, captain ; Rafe
Crane, master; 12 sailors, and 3 boys. When a league from the
[Isle of] Wight, Alderman Barne and his company took leave. Con-
tinued plying between Yarmouth and Cowes for 20 days. [One
page and a half. Brit. Mus., Sloan e, 2146, fol#. 72, 73.J

[May 1.] 201. List of the names of those shipped in the galleon Leicester,
Edward Bonavcnture, Francis and Elizabeth. The following do not
appear in the preceding list. In the Leicester : Thos. Beynham, mer-
chant, John Banester, surgeon, Symon Fernandez, and Thos. Hode,
pilots. In the Edward : Lewis Attmer, surgeon ; Thos. Blackoller,
pilot. In the Francis : Robt. Myssenden, surgeon. [Eight pages*
Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VI 1 1. ,f oh. 137, 138.]

1582, May 1, 202. Journal of Fenton's voyage, intended towards China and

to the East Indies, written by John Walker, chaplain on board the

15S3, Edward Bonaventure, Capt Luke Warde, from the 1st May, the day

Jan. 30. the fleet sailed from Southampton, to the 30th January 1583. There

is nothing material in this journal which is not to be found in

Warde's account, printed in Hakluyt, excepting some details of the

sickness of Walker, who died on the 5th February, having been

"weak and sick of the bloody flux six days." [Forty-tivo pages.

Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIIL.foU. 179, 200.]

1582.

May 2. 203. " Articles set down by Edward Fenton, Esq., captain-
Before Yar- general, appointed by Her Majesty for the discovery of China and
llS! rd Cat a 7. b y the southward, to be observed by the whole fleet and
Leicester. company under his conduct and government." The usual service
appointed by the Church of England to be said twice a day. Due
reverence to be given to the ministers. Not to suffer swearing,
dicing, card playing, or other vain talk. Conspiring against the life
of the general, or any other in authority, to be punished by death.
To follow the Admiral day and night, and no man to be so bold as
to go before him. To speak with him every morning and night
Not to be more than an English mile from him. Signals. Not to
give chnse without the Admiral's orders. Watchwords, " If God be
with us," answer, " Who shall be against ua" Course to be taken

EAST INDIES. 81

1582.

if separated by evil weather. Signals on again meeting, when
descrying land, and in foggy weather. Disordered persons to be
punished on board the Admiral. For the fleet to repair to the
Admiral. If an enemy be encountered rather to be on the
defensive than offensive. [Three pages and a quarter. Copy by
Richard Madox. Brit. Mus., Sloane, 2146,/oZs. 73, 74.]

May ? 204. " Note of certain defects in the instructions and preparations

for the voyage to China, &c., to be supplied." For orders to be sent
to the Commissioners at Southampton, Mr. Ughtrede, Alderman
Barne, and Mr. Towerson, that some persons may be expressly
appointed to remain behind under Capt. Carlile for " this intended
voyage and discovery by land of the East parts of the world." For
commission and authority to be given to Carlile for keeping the
people committed to his charge in discipline and good order of
living, and for " Letters of direction " to be sent to Mr. Fenton, and
all his assistants, to give all help and furtherance to Carlile and his
company. [One page. Indorsed as above. Mutilated by fire. Brit.
Mus., Otho, VIII., fol 150.]

May 12. 205. Note of the wares fit to be sold in Brazil, with the cost,
total 2,OOOZ. [Two pages and a half. Indorsed, " Mr. Fenton and
Luke Warde's voyage." DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CLIII., No. 43.]

May 21 206. Journal by Richard Madox, chaplain of the Leicester, of
to occurrences during Fen ton's voyage. First setting to sea, rough

July 21. weather, putting in at Dartmouth and Torbay where the ships rode
five days. Complaint by Wood, one of the pilots, of the ship's
tackle and want of cable, which was sen.t by Sir Francis Drake with
wine. " Great grudging and choler " through Capt. Hawkyns and
some of the company being left behind at Plymouth, who came in
the Francis about two hours after. The General exhorts them all
to a friendly agreement, and with shaking of hands they were all
dismissed. June 2 : " Process of our voyage from England." Lost
sight of the Lizard. Discontent of the company because the
General would not let a carvil of sugar and Canary wines be seized,
on pretence of being bound in duty to spoil all Papists. Madox
and Walker, the ministers, preach " against this pretence." June 17 :
In sight of the Canaries, by the 20th had passed the Tropic of
Cancer; the Elizabeth found fault with, also the provisions.
June 24 : " The first consultation held in the galleon Leicester on
Midsummer Day at 2 of longitude and 18 of northern latitude,"
athwart Cape Blanco ; the matters considered being the course to be
held from the islands of Cape de Verde, and thetime to remain there
for watering ; and to see the barques provided with all things neces-
sary. Signed by Edward Fenton, Luke Warde, Wm. Hawkyns, Nich.
Parker, Ric. Madox, John Walker, Myles Evans, Randall Shawe,
Mathew Talbois, and Peter Jefferey. Offer of Madox to digest their
consultations in a book, to be presented on their return to the Privy
Council " for the better credit of this book I have annexed at the
end thereof all those original copies which are signed with our own
hands." Capt. Parker's desire to choose his officers for service on

82 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1582.

land, lie being appointed instead of Capt. Carlile to have the order-
ing of nil on shore ; not allowed by the General who " knew as yet
of no gicut land service but to fetch in a barrel of water."
June 20, latitude 10: " Of the island of Cape de Verde/' Aladox
advises the General to anchor to procure water. Capts. Warde
and Parker sent in two pinnaces to search, with men and munition,
"among whom I was also crept to see what would become of the
mutter ; " two goats and a kid followed by two horsemen and a dog
descried ; the boats went not ashore, but two men swam to land,
who brought word of a fair river, plenty of goats, great cattle, but
no evident signs of people ; fish and birds in great abundance ;
dangers of longer stay, so proceeded on the voyage. June 27 :
" From the isles of Cape de Verde to the coast of Guinea." Course
taken ; the masters overruled by the pilots ; tacking about ; in so
desperate a cause, some began to wax sick and some died. July 20,
latitude : "The first sight of the land of Guinea, and a consultation."
The master and pilots in some doubts where they were ; the lieu-
tenant and Wood affirmed to be Capo de Palmas ; opinion of Evans.
Discussion as to watering there ; the General loth to go on land upon
the coast of Guinea, fearing the contagion of the country. Mr.
Hawkins said Sir Fras. Drake had watered this month at Sierra
Leone ; opinion of Wood and others as to whether they should take
in water there. "Whenever the Cape of Good Hope came in talk,
the sailors acted "as though the name of Good Hope had put them
out of all hope of pillage which was the thing they desired." The
General appoints to go back to Sierra Leone. July 21 : " Of certain
things which fell out after this time." The General caused the
course to be altered and put up again for the river of Plate : so
"embayed" on all sides with land that the master had work enough
to clear himself from it. [Seventeen payes. Brit. Mus., Sloar,
2146, foh. 75-83.]

1582, June 2 207. Journal of the course of the [Edward Bonaventure ?] Left
to Plymouth 2nd of June, leaving the Francis behind, Capt. Hawkyns,

1583, Feb. 8. both our pilots, and forty of our best men.; 17th, passed the Grand
Canaries and Teneriffe ; July 20, fell in with the coast of Guinea;
Aug. 1 0, came to Sierra Leone and tarried there all the rest of the
month ; Sept. 1, went to sea; 5th, came again to land and tarried
there till 2nd Oct. and then went again to sea ; Dec. 1 , fell in with
the coast of Brazil towards 28 and 29 and watered; 12tb,

departed from the Bay of ; 20th, being in 33$

the General demanded our opinions for passing the straits, "he
and our captain, with the consent of two or three more, said
plainly that he would not go for the straits ;" Jan. 20, came to
St. Vincent, " were coming backwards " 31 days; 25th, were put
.... the harbour and rode there at the mouth of .... till 27th,
that night doubled the . . . .; Feb. 8th, fresh breeze, split main-
sail .... brake cable . . . . ; the next day could not see the
island, "by these means we lost the company of the galleon."
\0ne jyacfe and a quarter. Mutilated by fire. Brit.
Otho, VlILJol. 135.]

EAST INDIES. 83

1582.

June 13. 208. Myles Evans to Leicester. Left Plymouth .... with a

At sea in the very good wind. Debate whether " our General " [Fenton] would

deg 'go through the Straits of Magellan. All in good health and the

ships in good order. Prays that the voyage may be prosperous.

[Half a page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII.,

fol. 131.]

June 14. 209. John Walker to Leicester. All the men in health, except

In the latitude eight or nine sick of fever in the galleon who are all like to recover.

eg- Great inconvenience like to have happened at Plymouth, the

General having set sail without Capt. Hawkyns and divers others ;

by persuasion of Capt. Warde they were taken in at the Land's End

in the Francis ; this had like to have bred great mischief, but

is now appeased. Our people wonderfully reformed. Morning and

evening prayers in the Edward ; preaches every Sunday, and after

dinner they have conference in the Scriptures, " wherewith the

mariners who never heard sermon in their lives are marvellously

delighted." Capt. Warde governs his charge with great wisdom and

policy, and is well worthy to govern any great charge. Beseeches

Leicester to continue his goodness towards him which shall be a

sufficient recompense for his voyage. [One page. Mutilated by

fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., fol. 133.]

June 15. 210. John Banester to Leicester. All in health. Was never so
" From my we ]} himself on land. They have a wise General, .... master,
careful pilots, and zealous and painful preachers, and live together in
Christian love and brotherhood. Begs Leicester to look after his
poor wife and family, but above all not to trust too much to these
dissemblers, the papistical sort ; it grieves him to see and hear how
they make the Court a cloak to cover their wicked and dissembling
practices. [Half a page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus.,
Otho, VI I I., fol. 132.]

June 24. 211. [First consultation held on board the Leicester]. Matters
considered ; course to be taken from Cape de Verde Islands and the
time to remain for watering, and to see the barks provided with all
things necessary. [Two pages. The original with signatures, see
ante, May 21, 1582. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII.,
fol. 142.]

Aug. 1. 212. Consultation on board the Leicester. Whether it be better

4 deg. north of to turn to the most commodious place of land for water, or linger

e Iine ' at sea in hope of wind. Signed by Edw. Fenton, Luke Warde,

Nycholas Parker, Wm. Hawkyns, Rich. Madox, John Walker,

Randall Shawe, Mathew Talbois, and Peter Jefferey. [Two pages

and three quarters. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII.,

fols.lkl and 166.]

Aug. 13. 213. Information of some disorders committed by Ralph Crane,
master of the Elizabeth, made before Edward Fenton, general of
the fleet. Examination of Capt. Skevington and others as to the

F 2

84 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1582.

' charges against Crane, with opinions of each of the assistants
before whom he was examined. Signed by Edward Fenton, Luke
Warde, William llawkyns. Nycholas Parker, Rich. Madox, John
Walker, Myles Evans, Randall Shawe, Mathew Talbois, and Peter
Jefferey. [Two page* and three quarters. Brit. Mu8. t Titus,
li. VllI.Jols. 270,271.]

Dec. G-9. 214- Journal of occurrences [during Fenton's voyage intended to-
ward.s China and the East Indies, written by John Walker, minister
on board the Edward Bonaventure]. Taking of a Spanish bark
with 21 persons on board, whereof [seven?] were friars and two
women with a young child. Hot words between the Vice-Admiral
j Luke Warde] and Capt. Parker. The General orders an inventory
to be taken of the prize, and a consultation of the Commissioners.
" I, myself, was not there, for I was sick, and then began to recover ;
I had the calenture, and kept my bed 17 days." Determination to
to take the bark and set the Spaniards on shore ; the chief father,
the old friar, wept bitterly, alleging that they should all be eaten by
the Indians ; the matter referred for further conference. Information
given by the Spaniards of a fleet sent by the King of Spain to
intercept their [the English] ships in the River Plate. Walker's
opinion that they might neither with charity nor conscience take
the bark nor anything from the Spaniards, nor hazard their bodies
on shore ; concluded to let them have their bark and go on their
voyage. Successful endeavours of Walker to heal the differences
between the General and Capt. Parker on the one part and the
Vice-Admiral on the other ; further dissensions between the
General and Vice-Admiral ; Walker's efforts to make them
friends, and " after much ado it was granted, and all con-
cluded friends." On 9th December the Spanish bark and men
belonging to her went their way. [Nine pages and a qunrti,-.
Mutilated !>>/ fire. Jtrit. J/HA, Otho, VIII., fol. 1 42. Although a
much fuller account than Luke Warde's, printed in Hakluyt, we
read there, thaf the chief person onboard the Spanish bark was Don
Francesco de Torre Vedra, nephew to the Governor of the River
Plate, and that Richard Carter, an Englishman, who was on board
the prize, laid been 24- years out of England. John Walker, the
minister, died at sea on oth February following (see No 202.) ;
he was " heaved overboard and a piece shot for his knell."
HakluijtJV., 275.]

[Dec. 20.] 215. Questions put by Edward Fenton, general, to his assistants,
for their consideration. Whether they should venture to pass the
Straits of Magellan, considering the force of the enemy, and, if so,
how to avoid them, in regard to the strength of the place which is
unknown to them, and of the smallness of their company. [Half
a page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. M us., Otho, VIII., fol. 175.]

[Dec. 20.] 216. Opinion of William Hawkyns, lieut.-gen. of the fleet
That there is no hope of sailing by the Cape of Bona Speranza.
Thinks it most meet to proceed, " for that our voyage is so honour-

EAST INDIES. 85

1582.

able, and not to .... but by passing the straits, for that it
is now our .... to the Moluccas." Not able either to go by
the Cape of Good Hope 6r back again, because of leakage. [Half
a page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., frl. 171.]

[Dec. 20.] 217. Capt. Nicholas Parker's reasons for advising that the fleet
should sail through the Straits of Magellan. Thinks they may
proceed without such perils as are objected, Lieut. Hawkyns and the
pilots having passed that way before, and the narrowest part of the
straits vouched by Sir Fras. Drake to be above an English mile and
a half; " no other course to me known or heard of on this side the
straits that might so much repair our broken estate." [One page.
Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., fol 173.]

Dec. 20. 218. Rich. Madox's reasons for thinking the safest course for the
ships to be by the Cape of Good Hope, and for seeking advice where
they may best vent the commodities they have, and return home
with as little loss as may be, " inasmuch as we are cut off from
that hope which in the beginning and purpose of our voyage was of
us all conceived." [Two pages. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus.,
Otho, VIII., fol. 172.]

[Dec. 20.] 219. Captain Fenton's reasons, consented to by all his assistants,
for sailing to St. Vincent rather than for the River of Plate, which
neither the pilots nor masters liked by reason of the shallowness of
the river there. [Two pages and a half. Mutilated by fire.
Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., fols. 167, 168.]

[Dec. 20.] 22O. Luke Warde and John Walker to the Lord Treasurer,
Earl of Leicester, and Sec. Walsyngham. Opinion of the several
officers of the fleet as to the advisability of passing by the Cape
of Good Hope or the Straits of Magellan, and the alternative of
returning and leaving their " voyage to the Moluccas unper-
formed." [Two pages and a half. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus.,
Otho, VIII., fols. 160, 161.]

1582. 221. Journal of the Rev. Richard Mad ox, chaplain on board
the Leicester, one of the four ships under the command of Edward
Fenton, admiral, set forth on a voyage intended towards China,
for the year 1582. Containing an account of the voyage under
Fenton, who sailed 1st May, with a list of those who went in
the several vessels, and interspersed with very curious drawings
and tables. Portions are in Latin and in cypher. Jan. 14, pre-
sented himself to Lord Leicester, " who caused Mr. Green to set
me at meat, for his own table was fulL" Jan. 15, was before
Alderman Barne, master of the Muscovy House, Sir Fras. Drake,
and others, who seeing he was recommended by Lord Leicester,
commanded what he would ask ; referred himself to them, being
glad to serve their honourable house ; allowed 20Z. for his pro-
vision, " with great promise of bountiful consideration/' Feb. 12,

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1582.

dined with Mr. Anthony Sherloe (fric) at the principal chamber ot
Herthal | Hart Hall), and had good cheer ; supped with Mr. Thorn-
bo ro we, of Magdalen's, his wife, daughter of Dr. Bold, of Salisbury,
plays well upon the lute and virginals. Feb. 15, resigned his office
in the Con vocation House to Mr. Beaumont, being recommended by
Lord Leicester ; had a licence to preach in all the world. Feb. 22,
went to the theatre " to see a scurvy play set out all by one virgin,
which there proved 'a fyemarten' without voice, so that we stayed
not the matter." March 1, went down by water to Blackwall to
the Edward P/onaventure, and came home by Ratclifie. March 3,
the Lord of Oxford fought with Mr. Knevett about the quarrel of
Bessie Bavisar, nnd was hurt, and Gerret his man slain, which
grieved the Lord Treasurer so much that he was sick. " God send
him health, for he is the health of the whole land." March 8,
dined at the Dean of Westminster's table; talked of "that great
and bloody meteor which was seen at 9 overnight, Irom the north-
west to the south-west." Observations of longitude. March 11,
dined at Sheriff Marten's in Milk Street, where was Dr. Julius
Cicsar, who married his daughter ; was told that Lord Leicester had
given honourable speeches of him ; Sir Fras. Drake, Mr. Fenton,
and the rest of their captains, commended as great favourers of
scholars, but l>etter acquainted with Cambridge than Oxford men.
March 1 1-, dined with Mr. Carlile at his brother Hudson's, who is
governor of Antwerp. March 15, Cyprian Lucar took him to Mr.
Ashley, a native of Shropshire, who maketh playing cards, he had
prepared beads and other devices to venture with Sir Humphrey
Oylberte, who is now about another voyage ; he told Madox that
he thought to see a letter dated at London, 1st May, delivered at
China before the following Midsummer, and vouched for a report
of the Indians that there was a suitable passage over America be-
tween 43 and 4G degrees, through which he said Sir Francis Drake
came over from the Moluccas. Supped at Mr. Towerson's in Tower
Street, with our general [Edward Fenton], our lieutenant [Wm.
Ilawkyns], Mr. Carlile, and Mr. Warde; there were also Dr. Taylor,
a physician, Mr. Stowe, a minister, Mr. Wauton, and Mr. Spenser.
Mr. Towerson had been to Guinea in Queen Mary's days, " he told
me how the storks would eat men." March JO, dined with Mr.
Carlile, Mr. General, Mr. Parker, &C. Went to Alderman Barne,
where they found Hawkyns and Warde, &c. ; set down a proportion
of 00 sailors and 30 other men for the galleon [Leicester], GO sailors
and 20 others for the Edward. March 30, Mr. Fenton made a
great dinner at the Pope's Head for all the captains and Muscovy
merchants, about 30 or more. March 31, Lord Leicester and Sir
Fras. Walsyngham came aboard the Edward. April 1, weighed
anchor, but a west wind drove them back to moor in the same place.
Went to Court ; dined in my Lord Chancellor's lodging. Took
leave of Lord Leicester. " The Queen came by us in a barge."
April 2, anchored at Blackwall; Captain^ Warde's mother, Mr.
Farrar and his wife, Mr. Hill, Mr. Spenseirafld his wife, Mrs. John-
son, Mrs. Gysly, and Captain Carlile, &c., came aboard. Reached
Gravesend on 4th, Harwich on the 7th, Dover 15th, Hampton 19th.

EAST INDIES. 8?

1582.

Mariners mustered on 23d at Mr. Ughfcrede's. April 24, supped
at the Dolphin, whither came Sir H. Gylberte, who was offended
because Luke Warde's barque had been bought. 25th, dined at
Mr. Dee's ; slept at Sheriff Ughtrede's. 29th, preached in the
galleon. May 1st, a general muster by Alderman Barne, Mr.
Towerson, and Mr. Castelyne " our owners;" 200 men the proportion;
reasons for taking 30 more. Sailed about 2 o'clock ; at Yarmouth
the next day. May 6, our general dined in the Elizabeth, " he
told me how Frobisher dealt with him ' very headily sure/ and
how that Frobisher was not the mariner he was taken to be, as
I easily believe." June 1, account of "a jar begun ....
after much ado we were all friends;" about 11 p.m. were athwart
the Lizard, sailing west south-west. [See Madox's journals, ante,
21 si May, and 6th December, 1582. The ships returned to Ply-
mouth in May 1583. The first part of this journal to the
middle of September is in Brit. Mus., Cotton, Appendix XL VII.,
the remainder in Titus, B. VIII., fols. 171-221. Together 146
pages. An account of this voyage by Luke Warde is printed in
Halduyt, IV., 263-277.]

1583.

Jan. 20. 222. Captain Fenton to [the Governor of St. Vincent], requesting
to be admitted to trade in such sort as belongeth to just and honest
merchants, and for a pilot to bring in his ships. [Half a page.
Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., fol. 170. There is a
copy of this letter at fol. 1 69.]

May 31? 223. [Luke Warde] to [Earl of Leicester?] Certifies his arrival
this day with the Edward Bonaventure. Reasons for the General's
determination to return to St. Vincent, a town and harbour of
Brazil inhabited by Portugals, as the meetest place to supply them-
selves with many things they wanted ; arrived there 20th January,
when they began to put their ships in order. January 24, descried
three Spanish ships, " unlocked for by us ;" the attack and sinking of
Spanish Vice- Admiral. Forced by weather to leave the Admiral
riding still all alone, having lost the company of the Francis, 22nd
December. Determined at length to return home, being unprovided
of many special necessaries. The most warlike and traitorous can-
nibals on the north coast of Brazil, with some Frenchmen. Rain
water and prosperous winds have enabled him to bring home the
ship [Edward Bonaventure ?] Two pages. Mutilated by fire. Brit.
Mus., Otho, VIIL,fol 162.]

June 20. 224. Peter Jefferey to [Earl of Leicester?] Left Hampton 1st
May 1852, remained at Hurst Castle and Cowes till the 21st. At
Dartmouth 24th May, Plymouth 1st June. Arrived at the Cana-
ries 16th June, and on 26th anchored at one of the islands called
Bonavista for water, but found none. Discoveries to be made on
land, but the General bore off to sea, " which forced us to follow
without watering." July 20, off the coast of Guinea. August 2,
resolved to go back to Sierra Leone, where they arrived 9th, and

remained till 1st September. The Elizabeth sold

December 1st, fell in with the coast of Brazil, where the ships

88 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1583.

.watered and departed for the straits ; a Spanish bark taken on the
12th ; report of the Spaniards' preparations against the English in
the straits. Consultation on board the Leicester ; opinions as to
the ship's course ; resolution of the General not to go to the Cape of
Good Hope or the Straits of Magellan. January 20, came to St
Vincent, Dealings with the inhabitants for trade ; presents to the
Governor. 23rd, one Withand [John Whithall], sometimes Mr.
Doro's [.Joseph Dor}'] man, who was married there, came aboard to
see whether they were merchants which the Portugals doubted, and
had fortified the town for fear of the English. Arrival of three of
the King of Spain's ships the next day ; the fight ; the Spanish Vice-
Admiral sunk, and three boats' full of dead men brought to land.
The English lost 5 men from the Edward and 1 1 hurt, and 1 from
the Leicester and 1 9 hurt. The report of the Leicester " leaving us
fighting with them yet is true." Left the Bay of St. Vincent 27th ;
accidents through bad weather and contrary winds ; not able to re-
cover [the Leicester] ; the 29th Jan. compelled to keep of and on at
sea. Could not recover any place on the coast of Africa to refresh
themselves, but were forced to the coast of Brazil to seek fresh water,
"where we lost five of our men, and 1'2 hurt by the [treachery of] In-
dians, 12th March 1583, being forced thence to the sea." Arrived at
Plymouth 29th May. Of 60 persons or thereabouts, not six sound or
healthful. Has thus set down according to his honour's commands,
as his simple memory would serve " the effect of all things that past
in this our sorrowful travel." [Three pages and a half. Mutilated
by fire. Brit. Mus., OtJto, VIII., fols. 1G3, 16-t. HaUuyi
prints, IV., 199-201, a letter from John Whttkall, dated from
Santos in Brazil 2Gth June 1578.]

June 29. 225. Captain Edward Fenton to Lord Treasurer Burghley. Is
From aboard the sorry to advertize him of the bad success of " our voyage." Con-
^nthe DoTnT' trarv ' win ^ s prevented their proceeding by Cape Bona iSpei, accord-
to instructions. The coast of Brazil was not gained till the 1st of
December ; were forced to water there ; named the place the Bay
of Good Comfort. Reasons for not passing by the Straits of Magellan,
being out of hope to pass the Cape of Good Hope, through contrary
winds and want of victuals. Certain intelligence by some Spanish
friars they took in a small bark passing for the River Plate, of the
King of Spain's fleet of 15 sail, with 3,000 men under Don Diego
Flores, on the coast of Brazil, bound to the Straits of Magellan.
Summoned his assistants in council on 20th December, and proposed
either to go to the River Plate or St. Vincent on the coast of Brazil,
where was great hope of necessary supplies, to enable them to pass
by the Cape of Good Hope, or at least to vent their merchandise
in honest trade ; and in so great an extremity make their lordships
rather gainers than losers by it. Arrived at St. Vincent 20th
January following, with the Edward Bonaventure, the bark Francis
having left him on 21st December. Wrote to the captain in English
through the advice of one John Whitall ; was told that they, being
subjects of the King of Spain, had express orders to deny the
French, and especially the English any relief " in respect of the

EAST INDIES. 8$

1583.

spoils and robberies committed by Sir Fras. Drake in the South
Sea ; but by gaining their favour and friendship were supplied with
victuals and traded for such sugars as they had. Sudden arrival of
three Spanish ships with 700 soldiers and marines. - Account of a
hot fight which began at 9 at night, and continued until the next
afternoon ; the Vice- Admiral, a Spanish ship equal to Fenton's, and
full of able men, was sunk. Did not lose above five men, twenty were
hurt. Praises the valour and courage of his company, and recom-
mends the bearer, Captain Parker, no less valiant than dutiful, as
well able to serve the Queen and his country by sea and land. Their
honest proceedings overthrown by the King of Spain's forces, or he
dares well assure him they had brought home in honest trade above
40,000?. or 50,0001. Such wrongs not to be put up with. A great
number of the Queen's subjects adventuring in this voyage utterly
undone, for whom he begs some relief. Departure of the Edward
Bonaventure, and hopes of trade at St. Spirito, if he durst have
stayed here. Desires some one may be appointed to receive the
ship and goods from him ; and that some disorderly speeches
and great disobedience, which touch him very nearly in reputation
and credit, may be examined into. [Five pages. DOMESTIC, Eliz.,
Vol. CLXL, No. 16.]

June 29. 226. Capt. Fenton to Earl of Leicester. Copy of the preceding
Galleon letter with additional postscript. Recommends 1 o his good favour
Mr - Wa l ker > nis lordship's chaplain, " if he be returned/' Mr. Ban-
ester, [surgeon,] most sufficient in his art, and Mr. Cotton, in every
way an honest and valiant gentleman, who was sore hurt in the
fight. [Five pages. Mutilated by /ire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII.,
fols. 157-159. It has already been stated that John Walker, the
minister, died at sea on board the Edward Bonaventure the
5th February preceding the date of this letter.]

1583 ? 227. "A note as well of the divers sorts of victuals paid for fur-
nishing the galleon Leicester, as [of] such as Avere spent in the said
ship, together with the decays [and] the wants thereof." [One page.
Brit. Mus., Lansdoivne, CXI I I., No. 13.]

July 28. 228. Two " assays of the ore brought home by M. Frobisher,"
by William Williams. The first with 1 cwt. of Frobisher 's ore and
2 cwt. of lead ore, the second with 1 cwt. of Frobisher 's ore and
4 cwt. of lead ore, both proofs being made with " adytament,"
besides the lead. Williams found no more silver than is in the
margin. The two minute particles of silver, not nearly so big as a
pin's heady are fastened by sealing u-ax to the paper. [Half a page.
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CLXL, No. 41.]

J583? 229. John Banester to [Earl of Leicester]. The general, Edward
Fenton, has discharged with a safe conscience his heavy and trouble-
some charge, which has almost brought his languishing body to the
grave. Account of the sickness of the men on board the galleon
Leicester, the remedies applied, and the number who died. In June,
when within four degrees of the tropic of Cancer, eight died of

90 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1583?

fe-ver, two of the scurvy, and three of surfeit ; sickness of all off" the
coast of Brazil, through insatiable feeding on fresh fish and much
drinking cold water, but not one died. Other great sicknesses when
oil* St. Vincent, of which six died, and again when 19 died. Three
dii-d of wounds received from the enemy [in the fight with the
Sjviniards]; also three negroes and a boy were drowned ; altogether
they lost 45 p.-rsons. Their weak company provided for on their
arrival at Kinsale; fresh victuals caused almost every subject some
inlirmity. Intends setting down at large remedies for the relief of
those going on " these watery pilgrimages." [Two pages. Mutilated
lyfire. Bnt. Miw., Otho, VIILJol 174.]

Oct. ? 230. Fenton to Leicester. Is not able to travel far by reason of

:\ "reat swelling and both in his stomach and legs. Hopes

the place of meeting may not be far from his lodging, till he is
better able to travel, and that in those meetings and conferences the
attendance of the pilot*, masters, and other officers employed in that
.service may be commanded. Requests restitution of his apparel
and other things at Muscovy House, having small means and less
ability to provide new, they being in effect spoiled at sea and for
want of looking to. [One paye and a quarter. Mutilated by fire.
Brit. Mu*., Otho, VIILJol 134.]

I ">s;i. 231. William Hawkyns the Lieut-General's journal of Fenton's

voyage intended for the East Indies: 1582, June 2 : The bark
Francis, with Capt. Drake, himself, and others, left behind by the
General ; dissatisfaction of the company, who said they would not
go to sea without them. " I had not from that time till my coming
home any good countenance." 1C June, in sight of the Canaries.
2f>th, fell in with Bonavista, one of the Cape Verd Islands, " where
we might have watered, but they would not stay." July 20, off the
coast of Guinea ; foul weather. August 10, anchored in Sierra Leone ;
left the harbour 2 Sept. Came again to the same harbour on the
tth, " the pretence whereof as yet not known to me ;" all the
business they did there might have been done in less than 20 days ;
Mr. Walker, Mr. Evans, Mr. Fairweather, and himself " more
envied at than any of the rest with daily reproach of spiteful
words." Sept. 26, Mr. Walker reported to him that the General
was determined not to proceed in the intended voyage, " which was
broken clean," but to possess himself of St. Helena, and be king
there, promising great rewards to all the well wishers; to Capt. Warde
10,000*. ; . . . . 5,000*. ; Mr. Walker, 2,000*. ; Mr. Madox, 2,000*.
Discourse thereon with Mr. Walker, who fell down on his knees and
besought Capt. Warde not to give his consent, but to proceed on the
voyage they were sent in, let the General do what he would.
Warde 's interview with the General, who said he would go back to
Cape Verd Islands, " which was only a device to pick and steal."
Nov. 1, passed the equinoctial line. Dec. 1, anchored in a bay to
the southward of the line; a [Spanish] bark taken. Dec. 12, out-
ward show of the General to go for the straits, but in very deed

EAST INDIES. 91

1583.

further dissembling to blind the company. Sayings of some thought
to be true, " that this honourable voyage was bought and sold by
the Spaniards' friends before our coming out of England." Dec, 1 9,
in 33| degrees ; consultation as to what was best to be-done in their
proceedings, " the matter being long before determined by three or
four of them ;" alleged as a sufficient cause to break off the voyage
that many things wanted could be supplied at St. Vincent ; the
desire to traffic for sugar the cause. His opinion that they were
then compelled to go through the straits into the South Sea, rather
than by Cape Bona Speranza or back again for Brazil. Names of
those who seemed willing [12th ?] of Dec. to go through the straits
" in two days were clean turned [the cause as] yet to us unknown,"
including the General, Luke Warde, Nicholas Parker, Rich. Madox,
and Christ Hall ; also of those who gave not their consent to go
back, because it would not be then possible that the voyage should
be made for the Moluccas, including Wm. Hawkyns, John Walker,
John Drake, Mathew Talbois, Richard Fairweather, master of the
Francis, and the pilots. 1 583, Jan. 20, anchored at St. Yincent ;
how they were treated by the Portugals, who said they were now
the King of Spain's subjects, and durst not, neither would they
traffic with the English. Jan. 24, three Spanish ships arrive, with
upwards of 670 men ; the Admiral 500 tons, Vice- Admiral 400 tons,
and the third 600 tons ; the fight lasted from 10 at night till noon
the next day ; the Spanish Vice- Admiral sunk, and above 100 of
their men slain, besides many wounded ; the English lost in both
ships six or eight, and more than 20 hurt ; 25 days at sea ere they
got to the northward 200 leagues, the General laughed at by every
man, because all knew that he understood not what he did. Feb. 22,
fell in with the land at Spirito Sancto, and anchored in the river
the same night ; treachery of the Portuguese like to that they used
at St. Vincent. What the General did in this harbour he kept to
himself ; many letters were sent, received, and answered. Hawkyns
denied leave to go ashore, March 5, left Spirito Sancto. June 1 4,
arrived in Ireland ; stayed 10 days at Kinsale. June 29, anchored
in the Downs ; the General's treatment of Hawkyns, ordering him
to the bilboes without any cause, with vile speeches, saying, " if I
spake one word more he would dash me in the teeth, and called me
villain, knave, and errant knave/' which the whole company wit-
nessed. Further disagreement between Hawkyns and Fenton during
the voyage. The General would go neither by the Cape of Good
Hope nor by the Straits of Magellan, " and said in further choler
that he had three strings to his bow which I knew not of," that Sir
Fras. Drake played the pirate and thief, adding, " do you think I
will, nay, I know how to make my voyage without any of ....
advices ;" as to lading their ships with spices at the Moluccas,
Fenton said, " except you and the rest will insure it me, I will not
go thither." Declaration of the General that the voyage was over-
thrown, because he would not play the thief as Drake did ; Hawkyns
replied that Fenton and Drake must end that matter on his return,
" but when we come home, if you call [Sir Francis] thief, I will see
how you can justify it, for when we came both forth we were

92 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1583.

gentlemen alike. GENERAL : ' Thou, shalt not be so good as I so
long us tliou livest' HAWKYNS: 'What make you of me then?'
GENERAL : ' A knave, villain, and a boy.' HAWKYNS : ' If I were
at home, I would not be afeard to follow you in any ground in
England, but here, in this place, for quietness sake I let it pass, and
will bear every wrong, be it never so great.' GENERAL : ' Wilt thou
so?' HAWKYNS : ' Yea, truly.' Then the General would have drawn
his long knife and have stabbed Hawkyns, and intercepted of that,
he took up his long staff and therewith was coming at Hawkyns,
but the master [Christ. Hall], Mr. Bauester [the surgeon], Mr. Cotton,
and Symon Fernandez [pilot], stayed his fury." Hawkyns refers
himself to the whole company of the Leicester and the two other
ships for the truth of his statements. [Nine pages and a half.
Mutilated ly fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, Vlll.Joh. 201-205.]

1583? 232. Examination of Thos. Perryc, master of the Edward Bona-

venture, touching Fenton's voyage intended for the East Indies.
Arrival of the fleet off the coast of Guinea, about Cape Palmas,
where they were beating off and on about 14* days. The captain
being asked why he made for that coast, " being not the course
for their voyage," replied that Sir Fras. Drake had taken that
course, and so would they. Being demanded why he agreed to a
course so contrary to the instructions, Perry e said that neither the
General nor Captain ever called him to any council. Cause ot their
coming back to Sierra Leone to water ; the pilot knew that port,
and none else knew any other on that coast. Determination of the
General and his council to return to Cape Verd, and there taking
in wines to go to St. Helena, surprise the Portugal fleet coming
from the East Indies, and send home the Edward Bonaventure with
the spoil, was broken the next day. Resolution of the General to
sail for St. Vincent ; he flatly resolved not to pass the straits ; his
reasons ; and by the Cape of Good Hope they could not go. The ships
return to St. Vincent ; fight with the Spaniards; the English went
away first, having the advantage ; thinks the reason was (as is
reported) that the men of the galleon were drunk with a hogshead
of wine which they had drunk in the heat of the fight. [Two pages
and a quarter, in the handwriting of Atye, secretary to Leicester.
Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VHl.JoU. 177, 178.]

1583 ? 233. Discourse of the commodity of taking the Straits of Magel-

lan, and the peril that may ensue to the Princes of Europe if
the King of Spain be suffered to enjoy Portugal with the East
Indies. Divided into three heads, viz. : that the Straits of Magel-
lan be taken, fortified, inhabited, and kept ; that St. Vincent in
Brazil, and the soil adjoining, be taken and kept ; and that the
North-east straits be discovered with all speed. [Six pages and a,
half. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CCXXIX.]

l.")83? 234. " A consideration of such things as shall be necessary for the
advancement of the discovery of the North-west passage," to be
granted to Adrian Gylberte, as were not long since granted unto
Sir Humphrey Gylberte. That the Muscovy Company, having a

EAST INDIES. 93

1583?

grant for discovery of the North-west passage, may be dealt
with for Adrian Gylberte to make the discovery, with sole privilege
of traffic for 20 years. To choose adventurers "as shall venture
their money and not their names," also one ship of 80 and v another
of 50 [tons], furnished with 60 mariners, and victualled for one
year. To set down a proportion of merchandise to be carried in
the ships, and to erect two " staples," one in London, the other at
Dartmouth for merchandise brought out of the discovered countries.
" To send for A.B. out of hand." [Two pages. DOMESTIC, Eliz., Ad-
denda. In the handwriting of Sec. Walsyngham, Letters patent
were granted to Adrian Gylberte and others "for the search and
discovery of the North-west 'passage to China," on 6th February,
1854. See HaJduyt, III., pp. 1 29-132.]

1583 ? 235. " A brief collection of the substance of the grant desired by
the discoverers of the North-west parts." Adrian Gylberte having
heretofore greatly travelled, and continuing to his great charges to
travel to discover the northerly parts of Atlantis, called Novus Orbis,
not inhabited or discovered by any Christians hitherto but by him,
requests the Queen's licence for himself and his associates, to be
named in a schedule, with shipping, men, and all necessaries to
depart to any of the northerly parts between the Equinoctial Line
and the North Pole ; with liberty to inhabit and enjoy all such
places so discovered. A fifth part of all gold, silver, pearls, &c., to
belong to Her Majesty. Commodities from thence to be brought to
London and Dartmouth. To hold all those northerly parts to him,
his heirs and assigns for ever. Power to confiscate the ships and
goods of others trafficking in those parts. To sue, if need be, and to
be incorporated under the name of " The Collegiate of the Fellowship
of new Navigations Atlantical and Septentrional." Power to make
laws in those countries, not being contrary to those in this realm.
Adrian Gylberte, John Dee, and John Davies " having been the
chiefest travellers to find out this northerly voyage, and being of
that company," to be specially exempted for ever from payment of
custom outwards or inwards. Power to punish mutiny "as the
cause shall be found in justice to require by the verdict of 12 men
of the company sworn thereunto." [Two pages and three quarters.
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Addenda. Indorsed as above.

1583 ? 236. " A grant from Her Majesty to Adrian Gylberte and his asso-
ciates, and their heirs, to be incorporated by the name of the Colleges
of the Discovery of the North-west passage." [One page. Indorsed,
" A brief of the corporation for Adrian Gylberte and his associates."
DOMESTIC, Eliz., Vol. CXXX., No. 20. Cal, p. 621. This contains
an abstract of the provisions in the Letters Patent granted by the
Queen 6th Feb. 1584, already alluded to as printed in Hakluyt,
with the addition of one article not included in the Patent. "The
said Adrian Gilbert, Walter Haley [the name of John Dee appears
in the preceding abstract], and John Davys to be custom free for
their proper goods during the space of 60 years, which they shall
bring from those lands to be discovered." They were incorporated

COLONIAL PAPERS.

\nj the name of " The Colleges of the fellowship for the discovery of
the N(n'th-we*t jmsift.Kje" ; but the names of Gylberte's associates
mentioned in the Patent, as in a " schedule hereunto annexed,"
re not printed.]

\ 566 ? 237. Heads of the chapters contained in the book of Sir Walter
llaleigh's voyage to the West Indies. In the 17th it is argued, that
by these colonies [proposed to be planted] the North-west passage
to Cathay and China may be easily, quickly, and perfectly searched
out as well by river and overland as by sea, and proofs are quoted
from testimonies out of the three volumes of voyages gathered by
liamusiUs and other great authors. [Sixteen pages, supposed to be
in the handwriting of Lancaster, tlw celebrated navigator. DO-
MESTIC, liz., Vol. (JXCV., undated.]

238. Arguments in favour of a passage from the North Sea into
the South Sea. Quotations from Scripture to show that Solomon
sent every three years a fleet from the Red Sea to Malacca, China,
and those parts of the East Indies, for gold, silver, precious stones,
elephants' teeth, c. That about 90 years past the Kings of Spain
found great plenty of gold, silver, and many rich merchandise, by
sailing to the West Indies. That there is a large passage to the
North-west at 60 from the North Sea into the South Sea, between
Labrador and Greenland, more than 2 or 120 miles broad ; it may
be sailed from England in the summer time in 30 days or less, and
with less danger of cold or ice four months in the year than from
England to the North-east parts in 72, the passage to Moscovia
which |is sailed yearly by English ships. The North-west passage
sought for by divers English mariners ; by Sebastian Cabot, who did
not sail above 52; by Martin Frobisher of late years, who sailed to
62 and then laded his ship with a kind of supposed treasure ; " but
the passage lieth at G6 or 67 north, and there it is to be found and
not shorter." Cortesrealis sailed from the South into the North
Sea at 66, and on his return to Portugal was imprisoned for life
for making known that passage. Names of the islands lying in the
South Sea. Proposition that two good ships and mariners, that
trade from Iceland for fish yearly in the summer time, be appointed
to search for the passage ; not more than f>00. necessary to make it
well known. Letters from Ph. Jon, "a skilful merchant of good
calling," one dated 12th Dec. 1586, containing "declarations of the
said passage more at large." Comparative distance of the passage,
by the Straits of Magellan 9,810 miles, by the North-west to
Cathay or China 3,880 miles, " and no manner of danger of any
foreign princes or pirate." [Five pages. Brit. Mus., Ifarkian, 1G7,
fois. 100-108, see ante, No. 21.]

1 589.

Oct. 239. Memorial of English merchants to the Queen. Survey of

the Portuguese settlements on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts ;
their occupation of Malacca, the Bandas, and the Moluccas. Many
ports in the countries bordering on the Indian and China seas, and
in the peninsula of India, which might be visited with advantage

EAST INDIES.

1589.

1590.

March 25.

Lisbon.

1592?

by English ships, where sales might be made of English cloths, and
other staple and manufactured articles, and the produce of those
countries purchased. Such a trade would by degrees add to the
shipping, seamen, and naval force of the kingdom,: in the same
manner as it has increased the Portuguese fleets. The memorialists
therefore request the Queen's licence for the Royal Merchant, the
Susan, the Edward, and two or three pinnaces to be equipped and
protected in this trade, without being subject to any other condition
than that of the payment of customs on their return. Indorsed,
" Reasons persuading our merchants to traffic to the East Indies."
[East Indies, Vol. I., No. 8. Vide " Bruce s Annals of the East
India Company," I., 109. A voyage with the Penelope, Merchant
Royal, and Edward Bonaventure to the East Indies, began by
Capt. Geo. Raymond in 1591, and performed by Jos. Lancaster,
written from the mouth of Edmund Barker, lieut. on the voyage,
by Richard Hakluyt, is printed in Hakluyt, II., 586-595. Another
account by Henry May, purser, is printed in Purchas, I., 110,
wha adds " that the ships were severed by a storm," and the said
voyage was only accomplished by Master Jas. Lancaster, in the
Rear-Admiral [the Edward], Anderson, in his "History of
Commerce" //., 180, says " this experiment " was the first English
voyage to the East Indies. Purchas, however, prints accounts of
two previous voyages, one in 1579 by Thos. Stevens, and another
begun in 1583, by Ralph Fitch, and continued till 1591 ; see also
Hakluyt, //., 382-399, 581-586.]

240. The King of Portugal's " Second succession of the Govern-
ment of India." For Nuno Velho Pereira, nobleman of H.M.
household, should Mathias D'Albuquerque of H.M. Council, whom
" I now send " to India, as Viceroy, die, to succeed and take
possession of the government of India. Should Pereira be at Ormus,
Malacca, Cofala, or Mozambique, the third succession is to be
opened and the person therein named to govern, and on Pereira's
return, the governorship is not to be given up to him, but he is to
stand as though not named for this second succession. If Pereira
be on the coast of Malabar, or in some other fortress as far as Diu,
a message is to be sent to him, and the governorship delivered up
to him, the Archbishop, the Captain, and the Chancellor of Goa
governing during his absence. Should Albuquerque die before
arriving in India and Manuel de Souza Coutinho, governor, be
dead, this letter of succession is to supersede all previous letters of
succession. [Portuguese. Two pages. Correspondence, Portugal]

241. " The articles of agreement that the King of Porqua made
with the Viceroy and Governors of the estate of the Indies for the
King of Spain/' To aid the Portugals in any wars within the rivers
of Malabar from the fortress of Coulan to Calicut, with 10,000 men
by land and 50 vessels called Manchuas by the river. To supply
the city of Cochin and fortress of Coulan with victuals when
required, the Portugals paying the value. Assistance to be given by
the Portugals to the King of Porqua in his wars. To preserve the

90 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1592?

perpetual peace ami friendship made between the King of Porqua
and the city of Cochin and other of the King's states. Conditions
of supplying jxipjxjr to the Portugals ; the lading of one ship to be
delivered at the port or church, which is now made in Porqua.
Profits to the Portugals by the King of Porqua's friendship, who is
the mightiest King between Cochin and Coulan except the King of
Cochin, and has 30,000 fighting men, besides 300 vessels, furnished
with artillery. [On? page and ahalf. Correspondence, Portugal^]

1592.

Feb. 23. 242. The King of Porqua to the Captains and Principals of
Cutle of Coolan. Cochin. Peace agreed on with the Portuguese. Satisfaction to
be made for past faults to the captains and fathers of St. Paul, who
shall be allowed to erect a church in the port of Porqua, and another
by the river side, which may be used as a warehouse, where mer-
chants shall come and be well used, upon paying duties. Licence to
all persons in the King's land to be made Christians without any
fear of the loss of their goods. The churches and houses of store to
be built in such places, that no wrong be done to any of the King's
subjects. Contribution by the King in land and money towards the
charges. Licence to every Christian to will his goods, with the
knowledge of the King, " according to the order of Christians," the
goods of those dying intestate to revert to the King and the third
part to the church. The King enters into bond that there shall be
no thieves in his land nor any foreign thieves, enemies to the Por-
tuguese concealed ; no kine to be killed in his land. The fathers of
the Company to go about at liberty. The foundation of the church
to be of stone, the rest of timber, covered with tiles. Offenders to
have the benefit of the churches and churchyards for a sanctuary.
East Indies, Vol. I., No. 9.]

Feb. 23. 243. Another copy of the preceding. [Ibid., No. 10.}
1503.

Nov. r :i .|. 244. Advice by way of the East Indies that Gomez Perez, go-
Maiiiihi. in the vernor and general of those parts, having all his forces ready in the
rLuconT * province of Pincados, for a journey against the fortress of Terrenato
[Ternate], remained at Manilla with the Admiral galley, intending
to have furnished himself to go with the rest, and having taken in
250 Indians of China, good rowers, without chaining them, smooth-
ing them with fair speech, and allowing them weapons, as pikes and
swords of grapon, which they call Catanai, these good fellows,
when arrived near the Jsle Gaza, spying the Spaniards asleep, fell
upon them, and cut their throats. The Governor awoke with the
noise, and the captain of these Indians, perceiving it, entreated him
to come out of his cabin, which he had no sooner done, than they
slew him, and so made away for Burney, as is thought. The loss of
the General created so much discomfort that they durst not pursue
them. Pedro de Rosas chosen in his stead, who has recalled the
forces which should have gone for the Moluccas. The Viceroy
advised to succour the King [of Spain's] forces in the Moluccas.
Mexican news. The traitors who carried away tho Admiral galley
are since understood to have touched in this Isle of Lucon, in the
province of Pangasinan, being driven back from China by contrary

EAST INDIES.

1593.

1593 ?

1594.

Nov. 26.
Dec. 6.

Lisbon.

1596.

March 27.

London.

1596,
May 10,

1597,
Nov. 1.

1596.
May 10.

winds ; the city have sent a great ship and two frigates to take
them. [One page. Corresp., Spain.]

245. Advertisement from Seville. Eight of the King [of Spain's]
ships about to depart for the East Indies. They say at Seville that
rather than they will permit Englishmen liberty of conscience in
their country, or that they should trade to either of the Indies they
will sell their wives and children, and all else whatsoever, to with-
stand so unjust a demand. [Extract from Corresp., Spain.'}

246. " The substance of a letter written from Lisbon." The King
[of Spain], understanding that the Hollanders have of late discovered
a shorter course to the East Indies than their ordinary voyages, and
that they are now preparing a navy to go, " resteth very discontent
as yet, not knowing how to prevent it." Some counsel further nego-
tiation with the Hollanders ; others, that it were better to arrest all
their ships coming into Spain, or any of that King's dominions ; but
neither are liked for divers reasons, although they seem to incline
most to the first, so that a course were taken by the Viceroy in
India concerning the conveying of spices, and engrossing by their
merchants, with the payment of all duties to the King [of Spain].
[Extract from Corresp., Spain]

247. Thos. Arundell to Sec. Sir Kobert Cecil. Disclaims the
title given him by the Emperor as a reward for his services against
the enemies of Christianity, yielding to Her Majesty's will. Would
be content, if the Queen thought good, to adventure himself in an
East India voyage, wherein he makes no question but to do her
acceptable service ; some particulars he has already imparted. En-
treats him " to settle in Her Majesty some favourable conceipt
towards me." [One page. DOMESTIC, Eliz.]

248. " The reciting of the manner and courses of the third
voyage or sailing by the North, for to discover the passage towards
the kingdoms of Cathay and China, in the year 1596." Set forth
by the Lords and Council of the city of Amsterdam with two ships,
Jacob Hemskerk Hendricks master of one and factor of the
merchandise, and John Cornelius Hipp master of the other, William
Barents, chief pilot. [Eighty-two pages and a half. Brit Mus.,
Harleian, 6245. Purchas prints an account of this voyage writ-
ten by Gerat de Veer, III., 482-518; also accounts of "the first
navigation of Wm. Barents, alias Bernards, into the North Seas,"
in 1594, written by G. de Veer, and "a brief declaration of Barents'
second navigation made in 1595," by G. de Veer. Barents died
on 20 June 1597, which "put us in no small discomfort, as being
the chief guide and only pilot on whom we reposed ourselves, next
under God." Purchas, ///., 508.]

249. " A description of the third voyage which was in the year
1 596 undertaken northerly towards the kingdoms of Cathay and
China ;" being a somewhat different account to the preceding.
[Eighty pages. Brit. Mus., Sloanc, 3364. Neither of these cor-

98 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1 r>96.

'respond with the account printed in PurcJuis, and although the
substance is alumni the same, there are several discrepancies;
for example, Purchas nay* " June 1st we had no night" the
MS. "June \st we had no sleep." Barents is called Bernard in
this copy which was most probably written by Oerat de Veer, as
appears by an account of Barents' illness, who, laying aside the
journal, he " turned to me and said, Gerat, give me to drink, and
j soon as he had drunk he was in so great pain thiit turning his
eyes he died suddenly." June 20, p. 19.]

Julv 16. 250. Queen Elizabeth to the Emperor of China. In favour of
Richard Allen and Thos. Bromfield, merchants and citizens of Lon-
don. Recommends them to the Emperor's protection and vouches
for the probity of their dealings. Desires to be informed, through
them, of those institutions by which the empire of China had be-
come so celebrated for the encouragement of trade ; and in return
offers the fullest protection to the subjects of China, should they be
disposed to open a trade to any of the ports in Her Majesty's do-
minions. [Latin. East Indies, Vol. 1., No. 11. Printed with an
English translation, in Hakluyt, IV., 373-4, where the name of
Richard Allen is printed Richard Allot. Bruce in his " Annals
of the East India Con\pany" I., 110, 2>rints Richard Adam. " The
unfortunate voyage of Capt. Benjamin Wood tmvards the East Indies
'in 1/596," is printed in Astley's Collection of Voyages, 1745, from
Purclias, I., 110-1 13. In Universal History, Vol X., 17, 18, note H.,
there is a brief account of this voyage. Three ships under Captain
Wood, the Bear, the Bear's Whelp, and Benjamin, fitted out princi-
pally at the charges of Sir Robert Dudley, sailed from England for
China "having Queen Elizabeth's letter to the Emperor of China;"
but not one of the company ever returned to give an account of the
fate of the rest, " and thus perished the attempt to open a passage
into India." See No. 254.]

July 16. 251. Minute of the above. [East Ind. Comesp., 1613, March 23.]

252. " Title of the K[ing] of China." Emperor and Great Lord
over all the famous kingdoms of China and the territories and
islands adjoining unto the same ; Dayri or Great King of Coray,
Tambano, Bungo, Giamaco, Xumoto, Ciazzura, Mino, Voari, &c.
Taicosama [Emperor of Japan who died 1598] is added in another
ink. [East Indies, Vol. I., No. 12.]
1597.

Aug. 8. 253. News letter " touching the East Indian voyage." The first
Amsterdam, alarm the hottest ; the adventurers now well cooled, would be glad
of their principal. More than 60,000 ryals of eight returned, not
through want of will in the inhabitants to have traded, or for want
of merchandise to have loaded 20 ships, but absolutely for want of
government and through the jars of the commanders, everyone seek-
ing sovereignty. They lay at Bantam six months without trafficking,
through their own disagreement ; prices for which spices might have
been bought, pepper for a ryal a sack. Sickness through "dis-diet";
many come home have their legs swollen as with the scurvy, through
cold, having been so long in the heat. The captain and " original
attempter " is lodged with the writer, " from whom I will draw

EAST INDIES. 99

1597.

out the secrets if possible, and at my coming will impart so much
as I shall learn." In a postscript of 16th August it is added that if
Lord Essex be out, " he hath an hazard before hand," these East
India ships having left four carracks at St. Helen's [St. Helena?],
and there is no news of their arrival. At least 50 sail within six
months rigged for the Southward, " so that the Spanish trade begins
mightily to decline." [One page and a half. Correspondence)
Holland.]

1598.
Sept. 30. 254. Gyles Van Hardwick to Peter Artson, merchant [Sec.

Lisbon. Cecil]. News that two English ships in " the India " have taken
two Portugal ships, rich with treasure, that were on their voyage
from Goa to China ; supposes it is Capt. Wood in Mr. Dudley's ship-
ping. Report of great preparations made in India by the Portugal
to prevent the Flemings trading at Sunda [isles]. Takes it to be a
Portugal brag. [Extract from Correspondence, Spain.]

1599?

May ? 255. " A true discourse ot Sir Anthony Sherley's travels into

Persia, what accidents did happen in the way, both going thither
and returning back, with the business he was employed in from the
Sophy, written by Geo. Mainwaring, "gentleman, who attended on
Sir Anthony all the journey j " with an account " of the manner,
condition, and fashion of the Persians." [Fifty-two pages and a
half. Brit. Mus., Sloane, 105. "A brief compendium of Sir
Anthony Sherley's travels into Persia and employed thence am-
bassador to the Christian Princes penned by himself, and recom
mended to his brother Sir Robert Sherley ; since that sent on like
embassage by the King of Persia," is printed in Purchas, II.,
1 383 et seq. Sir Robert's travels will be found in the same volume,
p. 1805, et seq. Sir Anthony's entertainment in Persia, and the
state that his brother Robert lived in after Sir Anthony's departure
for Christendom, contained in the Preacher's Travels, being a
true journal to the confines of the East Indies, by John Cart-
wright, is printed in the " Harleian Collection of Voyages," by
Thos. Osborne, /., 709, et seq.]

1599.

Sept. 22. 256. " The names of such persons as have written with their
own hands, to venture in the pretended voyage to the East Indies
(the which it may please the Lord to prosper), and the sums that
they will adventure, the xxii. September J 599, viz."

1. Sir Stephen Soame, 7. Rich. Goddard, alder-

Lord May or of London 200 man - - 200

2. Sir John Hart and 8. John Moore, alderman 300

George Boales - 1 ,000 9. Sir Stephen Soame,

3. Sir John Spencer - 800 Rich. Carter, &c. - 400

4. Nich. Mosley, alderman 300 10. Edw. Holmden, alder-

5. Paul Bannyng, alder- man - 500

man - -1,000 11. Robert Harnpsen, al-

6. Leonard Hallyday, al- derman - - 300

derman- - 1,0(J() 12. Rich. Staper - - 500

100

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1599.

13.
14
15
16.

17
18.
19
20.
21.

22.
23.

25.
26.
27.
28.

29.
30.
31.
32.

33.
34.
35.

36.
37.

38.

39.
40.

41.
42.

43.
44.

45.

46.
47.

48.

200
400
250

Thos. Symonds -
John Eld rod -
Robt Coxe, grocer -
Nich. Leat, iron-
monger -

Thos. Gar way, draper
Geo. Holman, grocer -
Thos. Hiccocke -
Robt. Sandy, grocer -
Nich. Pearde, cloth-
worker

Thos. Edwardes
Nicholas Barnesley

grocer

William Dale -
Nicholas Lyng-
Nich. Style, grocer
Lawrence Greene
Edward Collins, cloth-
worker * -
Fran. Chery, vintner -
Oliver Style, grocer -
Rich, and Jas. U'yche
Thos. and Robt. Middle- )
ton, Robt. Bateman )
Nich. Farrer, skinner- 200
Francis Terrell - - 200

Thos. Farrington, vint-
ner - - - 200

Richard Wragge - 200
Rich. Aldworthe - 200

Wil. and Ralfe Free-
man - 300

William Romney

William Paule -

George Cnnynge

John Newman -

Reinold Greene

John Woodward, iron-
monger- - - 300

Baptist Hickes, mercer 400

Rich. Cockayne and

200
200
150
100
200

100
200

150
100
100
200
200

200
200
300

200

200
300

Comp.
Clement Mosley
Jerome Suger -
Richard Stephens
Thomas Wheeler
Lawrence Wethrall
William Chambers
William Stoane

- 3,000

~} 250

- 200

200

5()0

300

200

200
200

200
200
300

200
500
300
200
200
200

200 r.

~ j

49. William Adderley and

Tho.s. Henshawe

50. Thos. Cambell - - )
Miles Huberd - -/ 2

51. Wil. Garway, draper 500

52. Rich. Cocks, grocer

53. Ralfe Hamor, mer-

chant-tailor -

54. Walter Fletcher

55. John Robinson, senr.,

merchant-tailor

56. Leonard White

57. Thos. Cordell, mercer -

58. Rich. Wiseman, gold-

smith -

59. Rich. Browne, &c.

60. Roger Owfield -

61. Wil. and Edw. Turner

62. Thos. Cutteler, grocer

63. Edward Jaymes

64. Robt. Bell
John Potter

65. John Highlord and

John Morris -

66. Wil. and John Gore -

67. Rich. Howse and Hen.

Robinson

68. Thos. Bostocke
John Ramridge -

69. Roger Howe -

70. Wil. Harrison and

Wil. Bonde, mer-
chant-tailor

71. Robt. Lee, alderman -

72. John Buzbridge |
James Turner - - j

73. Urye Babbington - 200

74. Thos. Smythe, haber-

dasher

75. Nicholas Crispe and

Comp.

76. Rich. Burrell, grocer,

&c. - 200

77. John Hewett - 333 6*. 8d

78. John Cornelis, gold-

smith - - 200

79. Wil. Hallyday, mercer
John Duckett -

SO. Hump. Wymers
Rich. Edmonds -

200
300

- 200

200
200

200
300

200

- 200
d

- 200

^200
_"J200

EAST INDIES.

101

1599.

81. Augustin Skynner -~\
Robt. Brooke - - V 300

t Thos. Westwray - -J

82. Thos. Hines - -)
Robt, Barley - - >300
Mathew Hamond -J

83. Rowland Backhouse - |
Earth, and Ed w. Barnes j 40

84. Sir Rich. Saltonstall

and his children

85. John Coghill -
Henry Parkehurste

86. Thcs. Juxon, grocer

87. Rich. Barrett -
Wil. Allen, mercer

88. Thos. Eaton
William Essinorton

- 200
200
200

200
1 1 200

91. John Coombe -

92. John Swynerton, junr.

93. Giles Doncombe
Rich. Welbye -

94. Edm. Nicholson, grocer

95. Henry Bridgeman,

leather seller-

96. John Suzan -
Sam. Garrard -

97. William Barrell
Walter Porter -

98. Wil. Offeley, the elder

99. John Harbie, skinner
Ralfe Buzbie, grocer
Henry Poalstedd - |
George Whitmore - j

200
300

100.
101.

200

- 200
200

400

200
200
200

200

30,133 6s. 8d.

89. John Cowper, notary 200

90. Jas. Deane, draper - 300 =^^=^^
[Three pages. Court Bk., E. I. Gomp., Vol. /.]

Sept. 24. 257. Minutes of a meeting of the Adventurers in the intended
voyage the East Indies. Resolution to apply to the Queen for her
royal assent to an intended project, " for the honour of our native
country and for the advancement of trade of merchandise within
this realm of England ... to set forth a voyage this present
year to the East Indies and other the islands and countries there-
abouts," to make trade by the sale of commodities to be hereafter
provided, or otherwise by buying or bartering of such goods, wares,
jewels, or merchandise as those islands or countries may yield.
Rules for preparation of the voyage : no ship to be received as
the stock of any adventurer ; all shipping to be employed, to be
bought for ready money only ; no commodity to be accepted as any
man's portion of adventure, but all merchandise to be purchased
by a committee of directors ; fifteen persons named " Committees or
Directors " to manage, order, and direct the affairs of this voyage,
and concerning the suit to be made to the* Queen for sole privilege
to be granted to the adventurers for so many years as can be ob-
tained, and for such immunities and freedom of customs as may be
gotten. The names of the directors are :

Alderman Goddard. Tho. Symonds.

Alderman Moore. Nich. Style.

Richard Staper. Nich. Lyng.

Thos. Cordell. Rich. Wyche.

Wil. Garway. Roger Howe.

Thos. Middleton. Wil. Cockayne.

Thos. Cambell. Nich. Leat.

Rich. Wiseman.

John Highlord and William Romney appointed treasurers, to whom
the adventurers are to pay their contributions in November and
December. The share of no future adventurer to be for less than

102 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1599.

200Z. Twelve ]>ence upon every 100J. to be paid at once to defray pre-
sent petty charges. [Tn'o pages and a half. Court Bk., E. I. Comp.,
Vol. I. VI tie Bruce H Annals of the E. I. Comp., /., pp. Ill, 112.]

Sept. 25. 258. Minutes of an " Assembly of the Directors of the voyage "
[to the E.'wt Indies]. Resolution to divide themselves into two
committees ; the one to manage the business of the voyage and
Holicit the Lords of the Privy Council for privileges, the other to
seek for shipping. Names of the two committees. A petition to
the Privy Council approved of : which sets forth that divers mer-
chants, induced by the success of the voyage performed by the
Dutch nation, and being informed that the Dutchmen prepare for
a new voyage, and to that end have bought divers ships in England,
were stirred up with no less affection to advance the trade of their
native country than the Dutch merchants were to benefit their
commonwealth, and have resolved to make a voyage to the East
Indies ; they therefore request to be granted a privilege in succes-
sion, and to be incorporated into a company, " for that the trade
of the Indies being so far remote from hence, cannot be traded but
in a joint and a united stock ; " that their shipping should not be
stayed on any pretence, as the stay of one month loseth the oppor-
tunity of a whole year's voyage ; that they may be permitted to
send out foreign coin, and if there should be a want of it, that so
much may be coined for them in the Queen's mint, out of bullion
or plate brought in by their means ; and that they may have free-
dom of custom for six voyages, " for that many experiments are to
be made l>efore the country shall be fitted with merchandise ven-
dible there," and the Dutch merchants are freed for divers years
both of custom outward and inward. [One paye and a half.
Court Bk., E. I. Coinp., Vol. I. Vide Bruce' s Annals of the E. I.
Comp., /., pp. 112, 113.]

Oct. 1. 259. Minute of " an Assembly of Committees" for the voyage to
At Alderman the East Indies. The petition agreed to at the last conference
having been favourably received by the Lords of the Privy Council,
a committee is appointed to again solicit their lordships for the
Queen's answer to the petition and articles. [Half a page. Court
Bk., E. I. Comp., Vol. L]

Oct. 10. 260. Minutes as above. The Queen's gracious acceptance of the
voyage having been reported, a committee is appointed to tender a
petition to the Privy Council, requesting a warrantfor the Adventurers
to proceed in the voyage; to carry out without charge 5,000 wt. (sic) of
bullion at least, and to prepare a grant of privilege upon such points
as shall be reasonable and fit for such a trade. Names of the committee
appointed to solicit " these favours." The committee having solicited
a warrant that they should not be stayed when their shipping was
prepared, notwithstanding a treaty of peace in hand between the
Queen and the King of Spain, the Privy Council denied it,
'' thinking it more beneficial for the general state of merchandize to
entertain a peace than that the same should be hindered by the
standing with the Spanish Commissioners, for the maintaining of

EAST INDIES. 103

1599.

this trade to forego the opportunity of the concluding of the peace."
The adventurers, fearing, lest after they were drawn into a charge,
they should be required to desist the voyage, resolve to defer the
preparation thereof till next year. [One page and a half. Court
Bk., E. I. Comp., Vol. I. Vide Bi*uce's Annals of the E. L Comp.,
L,pp. 113, 114.]

1599 ? 261.. " The commandment of Shah Abbas, great Sophy of Persia."
His country and dominions to be open " from this day " to all
Christian people to repair and traffic without disturbance or
molestation. All merchandise to be admitted free of " inquisition."
If a merchant die no part of his goods to be taken, and the
Governor to be answerable for them " to the next [Christian]
merchants of his nation." Those having power over the Shah's dues
and customs shall receive nothing nor shall dare speak for any
receipt from any Christian merchant. [One page. East Indies,
Vol. I., No. 13. Indorsed by Sir Robert Cecil, " The K. of Persia his
Grant for Trade." In 1599 Shah Abbas sent over by Sir Anthony
Sherley a declaration of his desire to be at peace with the Christian
Princes. See Brit Mus., Nero, B. VIII., 67. i.]

1599? 262. Another copy of the preceding. [One page and a half.

East Indies, Vol. I., No. 14. Indorsed, " Coppie of the Kinge of
Persia priviledge."]

1599 ? 263. Another copy of the above. [East Indies, Vol. I., No, 15.

Indorsed, "A coppie of the King of Persia priviledge, q. y e year/']

1600.
Feb. 18. 264. Sir Fras. Vere to Sir Anthony Sherley. Is glad to under-

Hague. stand the gracious disposition of the King of Persia towards him.
Confesses that so soon as he hears that Sherley is in the wars, it
will be hard for him not to be one of Sherley's greatest " envyers."
Few have had a stronger desire to see the number and discipline of
those great Princes' armies than himself, especially of that famous
kingdom of Persia, the prince whereof hath no small renown amongst
men of his profession, for the honour " he doetbe to noble Syr An-
thony Sherlye." [One page. East Indies, Vol. I., No. 16. Printed
in " The Sherley Brothers," for the Roxburghe Club, p. 21. Ad-
dressed, " To my hono. good frende Syr Antony Sherlie, Knyght,
etc."]

[1600.] 265. " Certain reasons why the English merchants may trade into
the East Indies, especially to such rich kingdoms and dominions as
are not subject to the King of Spain and Portugal ; together with
the true limits of the Portugals' conquest and jurisdiction in those
Oriental parts." Also the names of the chief known islands and
kingdoms beyond the Cape of Buena Speranc^,, wholly out of the
dominion of the Portuguese and Spaniards in the East, South-east,
and North-east parts of the world ; in proof of which, Portuguese,
Spanish, and Italian authors are cited, as well as the names of
living Englishmen and Hollanders who had personally visited those
and many other parts of the East Indies. [Three pages. East
Indies, Vol. I., No. 17. Printed in Bruce's Annals of the East
India Company, /., 115-121 ; u'ho add* that Queen Elizabeth,

in I COLONIAL PAPERS.

[1600.]

wishing to hare the information contained in this document fully
examined before she granted the request of the Adventurers, rc-
fen'ed it to the celebrated Fulkc Grevile, and the two papers form
'most imjxtrtant I inks in the events which led to the establishment
of the London J-Jast India Company.]

1600.

March 10. 266. Foulke Grevil to [Sec. Sir Robert Cecil]. Report on
Ix>ndon. the preceding memorial respecting the places to which the English
might trade in the East Indies. Names of such kings as are
al>solute in the East, and either have war or traffic with the
King of Spain. Begins with the kingdoms of Fess and Morocco ;
then follow those of Gualata [Ghalata], Tombuto [Tombuctoo],
Melli, and Guinea, with an account of the goods trafficked in.
The Portugals make slaves of the Moors from the Cape of Tres
Puntos [Three Points], and are therefore much hated in Guinea ;
they have also a fort called St. Paul, in Congo, whose king can bring
400,000 armed men into the field. The King of Angola absolute,
and able to levy a million of men in his own country. The Portu-
guese and Spaniards sell slaves from these parts by thousands.
From Angola to the Cape of Good Hope no traffic is allowed with
strangers. The kingdom of Buena has some store of gold ; that of
Sofala, subject to Portugal to avoid the tyranny of the King of
Monomotapa, who has many legions of men and Amazons to guard
his country. At the River Cuama, the Portugals have a fort, and
traffic for gold, amber, and ivory. Mozambique, possessed by the
Portugals ; the people all heathens from the Cape of Good Hope ;
from Mozambique to the Red Sea all Mahometans, except a few
Christians. The Island of St. Lawrence [Madagascar], inhabited
by heathens, where there are mines and other riches, traded to by
Portugal. Many other islands adjoining not yet discovered. Qui-
loa, Mombaza [Mombaca], and Melinde [Melinda], all possessed by
the Portugals ; the people Mahometans, and acknowledge the great
kingdom of Monemugi [Mano-emoogi], whose king barters gold,
silver, copper, and ivory with the Portugals for cotton and linen.
From Melinde to the Cape of Guardafuy many petty kingdoms
possessed by the white Mahometans, who are rich in gold, silver,
and ivory, as also from thence to the Red Sea ; at that Cape the
Portugals lie in wait for Turkish ships who venture to traffic with-
out their licence. The Portugals send yearly eight ships to the
great empire of Prester John, which also furnishes them with many
sailors. At Suez the Turks build gallies, and scour all that coast
as far as Melinde. At the rich and strong city of Aden, Indians,
Persians, Ethiopians, Turks, and Portugals have exceeding great
traffic ; the king Assesses all the coast beyond the Gulf of Persia,
and has great traffic with the Portugals with pearls, carpets, and
other rich commodities. The Portugals have a fort in the Isle of
Ormus, and there is the staple of all India, Arabia, Persia, and
Turkey, whither Christian merchants also resort from Aleppo and
Tripoli twice in the year. The kingdom of Cambaia the most fruitful
of all India ; the Portugals possess there the town of Dieu [Diu],
situate in an island in the mouth of the Indus, where they carry
on great trade with all nations. The Malabars are the best soldiers

EAST INDIES. 105

1600.

of India, and the greatest enemies of the Portugals ; the country,
once an entire empire, divided into many kingdoms, part subject to
the Queen of Baticola, who sells pepper to the Portugals at Onor,
the rest divided into five kingdoms, the greatest of which was Calicut,
bufc by the assistance of the Portugals, Cochin has now prevailed.
The Portugals also traffic at Narsinga, Orixen [Orixa], and Bengalen
[Bengal] ; also at Aracan, Pegu, Siam, Tanassria [Tenasserim], and
Queda. Sumatra is possessed by many kings, enemies to the Portu-
gals, the greatest being the King of Dachem [Acheen], who besieged
them in Malacca, and stopped the traffic till the coast was cleared by
a main fleet. The King of Spain has often resolved to conquer Su-
matra. The Kings of Acheyn [Acheen] and Tor [Jhor], also enemies
to the Portugals. The Phillippinas [Philippine Islands], abandoned
by China, possessed by the Spaniards, who traffic there. At Goa
there is a great resort of all nations, who are suffered by the Portu-
gals to live after their own manners and religions, but are ruled
by the Portugal law. In 1584 many ambassadors came to Goa
from Persia, Cambaia, and the Malabars, and concluded peace with
the Portugals. In 1586 the Arabians slew about 800 Portugals.
Has made these collections out of Osorius, Eden's Decade, and
specially out of the voyages of John Huighen. [Four pages. East
Indies, Vol. 1., No. 18. Printed in Bruce's Annals of the E. L
Comp., /., 121-126.]

Sept. 23-30. 267. Minutes of a General Meeting of the Adventurers for the
Founders' Hall. East India voyage. Having undertaken " to set forth a voyage
for the discovery of the trade of the East Indies," and solicited the
Queen's assent to the enterprise and to further it with a grant of
privilege and other tolerations, and Her Majesty's pleasure having
been signified that the adventurers should proceed in their purpose
and accept of her certificate as an earnest of a further warrant to
be afterwards granted to them, it is agreed to go forward in the said
voyage, and " committees and directors of all the preparations and
business " necessary " to set forth and manage the whole voyage "
are chosen. The following are the names of this first court of di-
rectors :

Alderman Bannyng. Fra. Chery.

Alderman Hallyday. Mr. Alabaster.

Alderman Goddard. Roger Howe.

Alderman Smythe. Kich. Wyche.

Rich. Staper. John Eldred.

Wm. Garway. John BateJ

Thos. Cordell. Wm. Chambers.

Mr. Lancaster. Mr. Harrison.

Richard Wiseman.

Sept. 25. The Susan to be purchased for 1,600, upon condition
that Aid. Bannyng, the owner, receive her again upon her return from
the voyage, for 800?. : Foulke Grevil, treasurer of the navy, requested
to move the Lord Admiral for the use of Woolwich and Deptford
docks. Four surveyors to be appointed to every ship employed in
the voyage. Names of those for the Hector, Ascension, and Susan.

106 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1600.

Sept 2G. The Phoenix offered to the committee for 1,400., to
be taken back for TOO/, at her return. Alderman Bannyng requested
to negotiate for sale of the Cherubim. The adventurers to bring in
a third part of their adventure by the last of the month. Roger
Howe to make provision for dollars and victuals for the ships.
Inventories of the Hector, Ascension, and Susan.

Sept 27. Contract with Mr. Milliard [HIC, Hif/helorde in the
margin] for 1,000 dollars. The burthen of the Earl of Cumber-
land's ship, the Mare Scurge [Malice Scourge], too great lor this
voyage. Mr. Howe and Capt. Davies to go into the West country to
purchase provisions. Mr. Burrell appointed general surveyor of all
the ships. The surveyors to report upon the wants of each parti-
cular ship. The Phoenix offered for 1,200. Mr. Burrell to provide
timber for the shipping.

Sept. 29. Capt. Davies to draw out a proportion of victuals
for 500 men ; and with Capt. Lancaster, Mr- Chambers, and Mr.
Harrison to see what pinnaces can be found fit to be employed in
the voyage. Inventory of the Ascension.

Sept. 30. The Treasurers not to advance above the value of 10/.,
" upon their own peril '' without a warrant from four of the com-
mittees. Mr. Alabaster to be intreated to keep the accounts if his
leisure will permit, if otherwise JuL Beamishe. Draft of the patent
of privileges to the Society of Adventurers prepared by Mr. Altham,
for which he is to be paid 4/. Warrant signed for 100, for pro-
visions for the Hector. Letter to the Earl of Essex for his consent
to the employment of Capt. Davies in " a voyage to the East In-
dians in trade of merchandize," presuming upon his lordship's
readiness to further any enterprise which may bring honour to his
country or benefit to the commonwealth. [Thirteen pages and a
half. Court Book, E. I. Comp., Vol. I., pp. 1-9. Vide Bruce's
Annals of the E. I. Comp., /., pp. 126-127.]

Oct. 1-10. 268. Minutes of a Court for the East India Voyage. Respecting
the proportion of victuals and merchandise fit to be provided for the
voyage. Request of Francis Wilson to be employed as a purser,
and of John Johnson to be employed as a master.

Oct. 3. A larger proportion of shipping being required than was
formerly agreed on a committee is appointed to survey the Malice
Scourge. Letter read from the Lord Treasurer, who " useth much
persuasion to the Company to accept of the employment " of Sir
Edward Michelborne, on the voyage, as a principal commander ;
resolved not to employ any gentleman in any place of charge or
command in the voyage ; Mr. Garway requested to move the Lord
Treasurer " to give them leave to sort their business with men of
their own quality, and not to expect that they should make any
further motion of this matter to the generality lest the suspicion of
the employment of gentlemen being taken hold upon, do drive a
great number of the adventurers to withdraw their contributions."
Commission to Capt. Lancaster, Mr. Alabaster, and K[oger] Howe
to provide victuals and other things in the West country.

EAST INDIES. 107

1600.

Oct. 4. Three thousand pounds offered to the Earl of Cumberland
for the Malice Scourge, who said he would sell her for 4,0007. ; the
ship to be again surveyed and the matter re-considered. 500/. to
be delivered to Roger Howe to be sent to the West country. Pro-
vision of peas and beans. Proportion of casks required. ^In the
aftei^noon 3,500?. offered to the Earl of Cumberland for his ship,
which he refused.

Oct. 6. Richard Staper and John Eldred to provide all cloths
and kersies to be sent this voyage. Geo. Smythe and Rich. Jonson
admitted adventurers, to pay 200?. a piece in ryals of 8. Provision
of peas.

Oct. 7. The Malice Scourge bought of the Earl of Cumberland
for 3,700?. Feoffees in trust appointed for the ships bought ; also
surveyors for the Malice Scourge. Alderman Bannyng agrees to
be answerable for Joseph Salomon, purser of the Susan ; as do
Richard Staper for Geo. Parsons, purser of the Hector, and Win.
Garway for Wm. Leate, purser of the Ascension. Wm. Burrage,
boatswain of the Malice Scurge, to look to her furniture for the
voyage.

Oct. 8. One hundred pounds to be paid to Wm. Chambers for
provision of casks and iron hoops. Rich. Wyche and Rich. Wright
to contract for beans and mustard seed. Computation agreed upon
for victualling :

Men. Tons.

The Scourge - - 200 - 600

The Hector - - 100 - - - 300

The Ascension 80 - - - 260

The Susan - - 80 - - - 240

The Pinnace- - 40 - - - 100

500 1,500

Bread for 16 months at a cost of 1,028?. 8s. ; meal for four months,
267?. 17s. 4d ; beer, cyder, and wine for 20 months, 2,150?. ; meat
for 17 months, 1,721?. 8s. Qd. No provision for meat for three
months in the country, which the country shall find. Cheese,
butter, and other provisions, 1,511?. 16s. Total charge for provisions,
6,679?. 9s. 10d [the amount stated, 6,600?. 4s. I0d., is wrongly
added.] The merchandise to be sent to consist of iron, tin (wrought
and un wrought), and lead, at a cost of 2,720?. Eighty pieces of
broad cloths of all colours, 1,280?. ; eighty pieces of Devonshire
kersies, one piece of Norwich stuffs, with smaller articles intended
as presents, 545?. ; total, 4,545?. " Full agreement with
Capt. Davies" for his entertainment in the voyage, 100?. for his
expenses, and 200?. on credit for an adventure ; if, on his return, the
profits of the voyage yield two for one, he is to have 500?., if three
for one 1,000?., if four for one 1,500?., and if five for one 2,000?.,
"with which entertainment the said Capt. Davies is very well
pleased," the agreement being in the hands of Rich. Wright, secre-
tary. Letter from Lord Treasurer Buckhurst to the Receivers of

I( )8 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1600.

Devon and Cornwall to pay to the deputies of the " merchants of
the East Indian trade " moneys received for the Queen, they having
undertaken to repay the same. Provision of cyder. Capt. Baker
to go into the West country for provisions. Peter Francis, a
Portugal, entertained for the voyage.

Get 10. Robt. Creswell, Rich. Babiugton, and Hen. Middleton
recommended as pursers : further time to be taken " for these mat-
ters." Henry Middleton and Edw. Hillyard to superintend the works
of the Malice Scourge. Justice Mullett to be employed as a smith
nt Woolwich, " so as he use Spanish iron." Warrant to take up
carpenters and shipwrights. The workmen to be allowed a barrel
of beer every day, " and to have a special care they leave not their
work to run to the alehouse.'' Order to send up the ship's boat
belonging to the Malice Scourge. Robt. Hughes and - - Bolton
to be sail makers. Committee appointed to further the business of
the voyage. Mr. Alabaster to superintend the accounts. 2001.
ordered for iron work and casks, and 1001. for the Susan. " Royalles
of plate " to be taken up at Cadiz to the amount of 3,0002. Pro-
visions to be bought by Capt. Baker in the West country. The best
sort of English iron to be delivered at III. per ton. Inventory of
the Malice Scourge. [Sixteen payes. Court 13L, E. I. Comp.,
Vol. I., pp. 9-17. Vide Braces Annals of the E. 1. Comp., /.,
pp. 128-130.]

Oct. 10. 269. John Chamberlain to Dudley Carleton. The caraques are

London, come home very rich from the East Indies, and so are the Queen's

ships that lay for them at the islands poor enough. Our merchants

are in hand to send four very good ships and two pinnaces to seek

traffic in the East Indies. [Extract. DOMESTIC, Eliz.~\

1 600 ? 270. " The commodities that are brought out of the East Indies."

This list comprises upwards of 70 different articles, and includes
spices, musk, ambergris, wax, camphor, opium, silks, cloths, precious
stones, &c. [One page. East Indies, Vol. I., No. 19. Indorsed,
an above, by John Chamberlain.]

Oct. 1 1. 271. Minutes of a Court for the East India voyage. \Vm. Broad-
bent, of Gravesend, a fit man to be employed. A chain pump to be
used in the Malice Scourge. Serjeant Heale to be talked with for
money. Warrants for 1 ,700/., paid to the Earl of Cumberland, who
adventures 1,500/., and Mr. Cordell 5001, which makes up 3,700^,
the price of the Malice Scourge. Warrants signed for provision of
clothes, &c. [One page. Court Ek., E. I. Comp., Vol. I., p. 1 7.]

Oct. 13- '28. 272. Minutes of a Court of Adventurers for the East Indies.
No adventurer to be refused that will adventure 2001. until the whole
rises above 55,0007.

Oct. 15. Alteration of the proportions of victuals set down in
the minutes of Sth Oct. [see ante p. 1071 Wan-ant to Mr. Burrell
for 100J. to furnish the timber the ships stand in need of. A new
long boat to be built for the Malice Scourge.

EAST INDIES. 109

1600.

Oct. 16. Warrants to Capt. Davies and Serjeant Heale for charges
in the West country. Philip Grove appointed pilot to a ship going
the voyage ; he is to have 100?. to furnish himself, and the profit of
500?. " as God shall bless the voyage." Commissions io Cap^. Baker
and Mr. Pope to go in the West country for provisions ; also to
Capt. Davies.

[Oct. 21. Warrants to Alderman Hallyday for payment of 350?.
for provisions, casks, and iron hoops.

Oct. 22. 30? paid to Philip Grove on account of his wages ; and
1 00?. to Henry Middleton, purser of the Scourge.

Oct. 23. Wan-ants for money for ryals and provisions. More
speedy execution of the works of the Malice Scourge. Thos. Wasse
to be employed as a factor. Mr. Sandy to continue to provide ryals
in the West country.

Oct. 25. Order for payment of 200?. to Robt. Pope in the West
country, 100 marks for repairs to the Ascension, and 50?. for the
Susan.

Oct. 27. Warrant to summon all the adventurers to meet on the
30th at Founders' Hall, to take notice of the Queen's pleasure, sig-
nified by a letter from the Privy Council. Committee appointed to
choose masters for the ships in this voyage ; also " to deal with
Capt. Lancaster for the taking of the government of this voyage as

the chief ^j^era!** ( s '* c ) ^hereof." Warrant for payment of 50?. to
Nicholas Holway. Mr. Alabaster's commission to provide ryals to
the value of 5,000?. at Calais and Rouen to be continued.

Oct. 28. Warrants for 1,044?. for ryals. [Ten pages and a half.
Court Bk., E. I. Comp., /., pp. 17-23.]

Oct. 30-31. 273. Minutes of a General Court, " in the presence of the Com-
mittees and Generality " [all of whom are named] of the Society of
Adventurers to the East Indies. Recapitulation of previous meetings ;
the committee engaged for preparation of the voyage 20,000?. at least.
Measures taken to put a stop to rumours that the voyage was like to
receive some stay which caused many adventurers to withhold the
payment of their money. John Bate, Robt. Offeley, .Nath. JVlartyn,
and Hugh Hamersley " deny to adventure at all." The generality
having agreed to bring in their money to further the expedition of the
voyage, they require those who withhold their contributions to be
called before the Privy Council to answer the cause, according to
their lordships' letters. The patent being drawn, and in the hands
of the Attorney General, wherein it is stated that the Company
shall consist of a governor and 24 committees; Alderman Thos.
Smythe is nominated the first governor, whose name, it is desired,
may be offered for the Queen's allowance to be inserted in the patent ;
and the committees chosen are :

Alderman Bannyng. Alderman Holmden.

Alderman Hallyday. Richard Staper.

Alderman Moore. William Garway.

HO COLONIAL PAPERS.

1600

Thomas. CordelL Wm. Harrison.

Captain Lancaster. Olyver Style.

Richard Wiseman. Robert Sandy.

Fras. Chery. John High lord.

Mr. Alabaster. William Romney.

Roger Howe. John Middleton.

Richard Wyche. Nicholas Lyng.

John Eklred. John Coombe.

Win. Chambers. Robert Bell.

All matters concerning the voyage to be referred to the governor
and committees. Names of adventurers who promise to bring in
their money,

Oct. 31. Warrants to pay for Spanish ryals. Letters read from
Robt. Pope, Capt. Baker, and Mr. Ellycot touching provision of
money and other things. Warrant to pay to the purser of the
Scourge 1,UOOJ. for her repairs. Roger and Percival Style, suitors
to be employed this voyage. Other money warrants for repair
of the Hector, the Susan, provisions, and other necessaries.
[Six pages and a half. Court Bk., E. I. Comp., Vol. /., p. 22-25.
Vide Bice's Annals, I., 130.]

Nov. 1-28. 274. Minutes of a Court of Adventurers to the East Indies.
Several warrants given and letters sent to persons employed in the
West country in procuring provisions and ryals. Capt. Lancaster's
answer touching his employment in the voyage as the Chief Com-
mander to be requested, so that the election of masters and other
officers may be proceeded with. Alderman Watts, on account of
his great experience in shipping and other directions in voyages
to be used as a committee in all things concerning the business.

Nov. 3. Payment of Robt. Cobbe's adventure. Biscuits, beer,
and cider, and other provisions to be provided in the West country.
Orders for payment of 900?. for ryals.

Nov. 5. Order to pay 200Z. to Ellis Crispe, 900Z. to Robt
Stephens, and 30. to Thos. Bowles. Win. Tavernor to be employed
in the voyage at G. per month. Roger Hankin to go as a master.
Repair of all the ships before they come out of the docks.

Nov. G. Order to pay IWL to John Stanfield. Ordinary
mariners to have two months' wages before hand and two months
wages in adventure, provided they give caution to be ready when
the ships set forward. Alderman Watts joined to the committee
for providing victuals. 1 OQl. to be paid to the purser of the Malice
Sourge. Agreement to be made with Roger Hawkins for employ-
ment in the voyage. Capt. Lancaster's answer to be taken directly,
whether he accept or refuse the offer of the Company. [In the
margin i# written, " the offer is known but not set down."] Mast
for the Hector. 70. to be paid to Peter Grove.

Nov. 7. Supply of timber from the Queen's storehouse at
Woolwich. The number of factors and mariners to go the voyage.
In the Scourge 180 men, the Hector 100 men, the Ascension

EAST INDIES. Ill

1600.

80 men, and the Susan 80 men. Committee to review the
proportion of victuals. Thos. Eldred of Ipswich, " a man of good
report who hath been employed with Capt. Candish " willing to be
employed. Orders for payment of 150?. " to the use of the voyage."
Committee appointed to conclude the agreement with Capt.
Lancaster.

Nov. 8. Divers letters received from the West country. Warrants
for payment of various sums amounting in all to 520?. for repairs
of shipping and other matters.

Nov. 10. Order for the supply of all provisions, with names
of the men and the quantities they are each severally to provide.

Nov. 11 Commissions granted to the Commissioners for pro-
viding the victuals above written. Committee appointed to agree
with Capt. Middleton about going the voyage. Names of 35
mentioned to go as factors. The Lord Treasurer to be solicited
for a warrant for coining 5,000?. in the Tower, for providing bullion
for so much and for finishing the patent ; also for a licence for the
transportation of victuals from the ports.

Nov. 11. The committees and masters for every ship to take
the charge of providing other officers and mariners.

Nov. 12. Orders for payment of 150?. for provisions, &c.
Warrant to be procured for the shipping of all provisions in the
West country. Committees appointed to bespeak the small and
extraordinary merchandise of glasses. Knives and Norromboroughe
[Nuremberg] ware ; also for the provision of lead and tin.

Nov. 14. Order for payment of several sums amounting in all to
255?. 13s. 4d

Nov. 1 5. Warrant for payment of 30?. Order for discharging
the bills for bringing the ships into dock ; also for providing 5,000?.
of bullion for coining the like value.

Nov. 18. Orders for payment of 190?. Rates of allowance of the
factors : three principal factors to have each 100?. for equipment,
and the gain of 200?. adventure ; four of the second sort to be
allowed 50?. each for equipment, and the gain of 100?. adventure;
four of the the third sort, 30?. each for equipment and the gain of
50?. adventure ; and four of the fourth and last sort, 20?. each for
equipment and the gain of 40?. adventure. Capt. Middleton, John
Havard, and Francis Barne elected the three principal factors,
John Havard being present willingly accepted. [Vide Bwce's
Annals, E. I. Comp., I., p. 1 31.]

Nov. 19. Orders for payment of 140?. for provisions. Robt.
Pope, Wm. Brend, Thos. Salterne, and Wm. Starky elected factors
of the second sort. Order for payment of 500?. for ryals of plate.
Thos. Hickes, Hen. Middleton, Wm. Wilford, and Nat. Gamrym
elected factors of the third sort. Percival Stragling, Thos. Morgan,
Phil. Winchcomb, and Thos. Tudd elected factors of the fourth sort.

Nov. 21. Several orders for payment of money for provisions,
repair of shipping, &c. ; amounting in all to 1,140?. Commission to

112 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1600.

The*. Alabaster to take a fit course for the conveyance of bullion
or ryals from Calais. Order for such as refuse to bring in their
adventure, that some course may be taken with them before the
patent be put to engrossing. Letter read from the Lord Treasurer
in behalf of Henry Anys to be employed in the voyage ; answer
given to Mr. Suckley, his lordship's secretary, that they are sorry
they had no notice before the election of factors, but will endeavour
to employ him if they can find fit use for his services.

Nov. 22. Order for payment of various sums of money for pro-
visions, timber, and repair of ships, amounting in all to 370?. All
the factors employed in the voyage to give security for faithful
service, and to abstain from private trade. Roger Style, who failed
in the election of the 1C factors, solicits to be employed without
salary, and to succeed if any should die in the voyage ; he is con-
tent to be left in the East Indies until the return of the second
voyage where he will apply himself to learn the language ; his suit
well liked of, and to be further dealt in.

Nov. 25. Warrant to Capt. Middleton and others to buy the
Spanish meal taken prize by Lord Willoughby's ship, "as good
cheap as they can." Order to pay to Edw. Stephens, principal car-
penter in the Scourge, 50?. for repairs. A fourth master and other
officers to be hired. The Lord Treasurer to be solicited for bullion
in the Tower to the value of 3,000?., upon easy terms.

Nov. 27. Orders for payment of 200?. for provisions for the
voyage, and for 100?. for repairing the Scourge.

Nov. 28. Orders for payment of 112?. for provisions, and for
100?. for repair of the Hector. The patent of the privilege of the
East Indies voyage is read, and order given to the secretary to
solicit the Queen's Attorney to make an end of it. [Nineteen pages.
Court Bk., L, 26-35.]

Nov. 28. 275. Lorenzo Rodriges to Rodrigo Alvares Mascarenos. Long
1),... s and stormy passage. Arrived at (V-hin L'Ttli < k-tnl.rr. Has Wn
Cochin. appointed by the Viceroy one of his chief alcaldes. Great fight on
the coast of Malacca, where the enemy was encamped very strongly,
the slaughter by the Portugals. with the help of Aniabar King, very
great. Strong forts building in the river by the Portugals ; Malacca
a very rich country ; the Portugal merchants intend to begin a
new trade there. The King and some of his chiefest captains sent
prisoners to Goa. Licence given by the King of Cochin to Vizo
Rei to build 18 forts in Cochin, the King himself laid the first foun-
dation and the first stone. The city is being otherwise fortified.
[Foil r pages. Indorsed, " Copy of a Portugal letter, translated into
English [by John Sozar], 8th October, 1602, sent from Cochin in
the East India into Lisbon, and found in the ship the St. Valentine."
Correspondence, Portugal, see January -j^-, 1601.]

Nov. 29. 276. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Order to pay
4?. to a poor man for injuries received by an anchor of the Scourge.
The full quantity of meal and biscuit provided. Warrants to pay

EAST INDIES. 113

1600.

TOO?, for provisions, and 1001. to Capt. Lancaster " upon the reckon-
ing of his entertainment for the voyage. [Three quarters of a page.
Court Bk., L, 35.]

Dec. 1-6. 277. Minutes of a Court of Adventurers to the East Indies.
Letter written concerning timber. Number of Officers to be
appointed to each ship, to be hired by Mr. Burrell, and their
wages. Mr. Beare to be dealt with for one of the chief masters.
Warrant for provisions.

Dec. 4. Committees appointed to confer with Capt. Middleton
touching his entertainment in this voyage ; also, concerning such
letters as shall be solicited from the Queen to the princes and
potentates in India, where trade shall be sought. [See No. 285.]
The names of all mentioned in the patent to be set down for
Mr. Attorney that the book may be engrossed. A general court to
be called on Monday [8th], to inform the generality of the pro-
ceedings of the committees and how far the business is in readiness.

Dec. 5. Commission to be continued to Thos. Alabaster for
providing ryals. Warrants for various sums amounting to 8207. for
provisions.

Dec. 6. Warrants for payment of 1601. for timber, and 50?.
for fish. Order to convene a general court on Monday for the
choice of factors and masters ; to report upon the present state of
the voyage, the readiness of the ships to come out of dock, and the
necessity of bringing in money to pay the officers and mariners
appointed to the ships. [Three pages. Court Bk., E. I. Comp.,
Vol. L, 35, 36.]

Dec. 6. 278. Geo. Gilpin to Dudley Carleton. Our merchants that
Hague. adventure towards the East Indies had need to ply their business
roundly, for t they of these parts (who are better acquainted with
the market) are furnishing for the same purpose a greater fleet, than
was ever yet set forth thitherwards. [Extract from Holland
Corresp.']

tec. 8-31. 279. Minutes of a General Court of Adventurers to the East
Indies. Those who shall not wholly bring in their adventure by
the 13th instant to be accounted responsible for whatever damage
is sutained by the detention of the ships, " which are only detained
by the not bringing in of the adventures." The generality is made
acquainted by the governor with the readiness of the ships and the
choice of the principal factors ; exception taken to the placing of
Mr. Brund as one of the second sort of factors, he being a grave and
discreet merchant, and acquainted with the Arabian, Spanish, and
Portuguese languages, who better deserves to be a principal factor ;
the Committee requested to reconsider this appointment ; Mr. Brund
will not accept a second place. [ Vide Bruce s Annals of E. I. Comp.,
Vol. /., p. 132.]

Dec. 10. Committee appointed to agree with Henry Napper to go
the voyage. Re-examination of the former election of the four

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1600.

principal factors. Capt. Lancaster appointed to the Scourge,
Capt. Middleton to the Hector, Wm. Brund to the Ascension, and
John Havard to the Susan [see ante, Nov. 18, 1600]. Orders for
payment of 3007. for provision for the Scourge, for 224?. 2s. for lead,
100/. for Canary wines, 500?. for ryals, and 501. for repair of the
Scourge.

Dec. 1 1. Orders for payment of 32?. to Ralph Salter, surgeon enter-
tained for the voyage, for furnishing his chest "with all kinds of neces-
.saries and remedies;" 100?. for peas and beans, and 100?. for the
Hector. The Scourge, which is to be launched this afternoon, to be
called the Red Dragon.

Dec. 12. Order for the payment of 71?. 13s. 4d. for the charges <
" our patent."

Dec. 13. Orders for payment of 125?. 10s. for linen cloth for the
use of the voyage, 281. 14s. for roan cloth, and 36?. Os. 4d. for the
charges of two hoys to go to the ships. Pursers of the several
ships to bring in their accounts. Motion of Walter Poynter to be
employed as a factor without salary, or to be left in the Indies as a
resident factor ; similar motion of Wm. Martin.

Dec. 15 Orders for payment of 251. to Jas. Loveing, surgeon of
the Hector, 20?. to Christ. Newchurch, surgeon of the Ascension,
and 20?. to John Gamond, surgeon of the Susan, for furnishing their
chests.

Dec. 16. Auditors appointed to examine the purser's accounts.
Orders for payment of 200?. for preparation and repair of the
Hector and the Ascension. Twenty additional tons of iron to be
provided, so that the whole quantity be 50 tons. Sorting of the
principal factors and other officers. Capt. Lancaster appointed to
the Red Dragon, and made general or admiral of the fleet, Capt
Davies, pilot major, and Wm. Broadbent, master. Capt. Middleton to
be vice-admiral and principal factor in the Hector; Henry
Napper, master, and PhiL Grove, second pilot of the fleet;
Wm. Brund, principal factor in the Ascension, Roger Hankin,
master, and John Havard, principal factor in the Susan, and Samuel
Spencer, master.

Dec. 17. New placing of the factors, with their names and the
ships they are appointed to. Names of seven factors admitted to
go without salary, to take the place of any of the others, or to be
left in the Indies, as residents there, to learn the language. 501.
to be paid to Robt. Pope, for his services in providing necessaries
in the West country.

Dec. 19. Money warrants. Mr. Alabaster not to proceed any
farther in providing ryals from Calais. Concerning letters to be
written to the factors in the West country. Warrant for payment
of 30?. to Wm. Wilford in this voyage.

Dec. 20. Warrants to pay for 84 pipes of Canary, at 10?. 10*
the pipe.

EAST INDIES.

115

1600.

Dec. 22. Warrants to pay 590?. for provisions for the ships and
wages.

Dec. 24. Money warrants. Roger Style to be a. factor of the
third sort in the place of Richard Collymore, Oliver Style having
promised to adventure 2001. in his behalf. Amount of the security
bonds to be entered into by the factors, for the first sort 500?. ;
for the second 500 marks ; for the third 200?. ; and, for the fourth
sort 100?.

Dec, 27. Warrants to pay for provisions and ryals.

Dec. 29. Warrants to pay to 50?. to Win, Starky, one of the
factors ; 1 00?. to Wm. Garway and Rich. Wright in gratuities ; and
50?. for passing the patent and the warrant for coining the signet,
the privy seal, and great seal.

Dec. 31. Warrant to pay for 482 gallons of aqua vitse at 4s. the
gallon. Auditors for the treasurer's accounts, whether the want of
money can be otherwise supplied than by an increase of the general
adventure. An iron to be prepared to mark all the goods and
casks shipped by the Company. Provision of "Castle soape."
[Twelve pages. Court Bk., L, pp. 37-45.]

1600, Dec. 31. 280. Peter Crigues [John Enrickes] to Jasper Shemenes. Safe
J 601, Jan. 10. arrival of the St. Francis. Requests he will buy for him the porter-
Cochin. sn ip o f the Custom House of Goa. Commodities to be sent to India
from Lisbon. Fernando Shemenes, king of all the merchants in
Cochin ; he has great store of pearls in China. Value of the customs
at Goa and Cochin. Castle and port of the " Ocunhall " taken by
Andres Furtado and razed to the ground. The Samorin or King im-
prisoned all the winter, and afterwards beheaded in the market place
in Goa, where the Viceroy dwells. Wars of the Mogores. The King of
Cochin has given licence to the Viceroy Aires de Saldanha to build
28 forts or castles in Cochin, " so by this means this city by little
and little will be walled about and strongly fortified/' The first
stone laid by the King. The building in great forwardness. [Three
pages. Translated out of Portugal by John Sozar. Corre-
spondence, Portugal.]

Dec 31. 281. Charter of incorporation of the East India Company by the
Westminster, name of the Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading
into the East Indies. " A privilege for fifteen years granted by Her
Majesty to certain adventurers for the discovery of the trade for
the East Indies ;" that is to say, to Geo. Earl of Cumberland, and
two hundred and fifteen knights, aldermen, and merchants, as
follows [where Purchas has printed the names differently his spel-
ling is inserted in brackets] :

Sir John Hart. Robt. Lee.

Sir John Spencer. Leonard Holliday.

Sir Edward Michel- John Watts.

John Moore.

Edward Holmcden.

Robt. Hampson.

borne.

Wm. Cavendishe.
Paul Bannynge.

Tho-i. Smythe and Thos.
Cambell, citizens and
aldermen of Lon-
don.

Edward Barker.

Thos. Marsh.

H 2

116

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1GOO.

Sam. Backhowsc.

Jas. Lancaster.

Rich. Stajer.

Thus. Corddl.

Wm. Garwey.

Oliver Style.

Wui. Quarlcs.

Bartholomew Barnes.

Win. Offley.

Robt. Chamberlain.

John Harby [Ilarvy]-

Rich. Wiseman.

Win. Stone.

Fras. Cheric.

Thos. Allabaster.

Rich. Barret.

John Swinurton the
younger.

Thos. Garwey [Cara-
way].

Win. Romeny.

Jas. Deane.

John Eldred.

A nil. Baiminge.

Edward Leanynge
[Loaning].

Thos. Juxon [Jack-
son].

Nich. Leatc.

John Wolstenholmc.

Nic. Pearde.

Wm. Chamber.

Rowland Baekhowsc.

Hump. Smith.

Robl. Sandy.

Hen. Robinson.

Rich. Pointcll.

John Highlorde.

Wm. Harrison.

Hum. Style.

Humj). Robinson.

Nic. Ferror.

Thos. Farrington.

John Combe.

Robt. Offley.

Roger Howe.

John Hewitt.

Jas. Turner.

Morris Abbot.

Robt. Carcill [Jas.
Carroll].

Robt. Brooke.

Ric. Chamberlain.

Gco. Chamberlain.

Leonard White.

John Cornelius.

Raphe Busby [Baaby].

Wm. Jennynges.

Gyles Paslowc.

Robt. Bell.

Thos. White.

Nicholas Lynge.

Wm. Palmer.

Ellis Grippes.

Gco. Bolles.

Nic. Crispe. [ These
tiro Idst names omit-
ted In/ J*urc/itis.]

John Merricke.

Hump. Ilandfordc.

Thos. Simondes.

Robt. Cocker.

Win. Wastall [Wiw-
talll

John Humphrey.

Thos. Bo.stocke.

Bart. Ilollande.

Ric. Cockes.

Wm. Walton.

Wm. Freeman.

Thos. Southacke.

John Frier.

Fras. Dent.

Ric. Balle [Bull].

Ric. Pierce.

Roger Ileaminge [He-
nyng].

Robt. Cobbe.

Robt. Robinson.

Fras. Ev ing ton.

Fras. Taylor.

Thos. Westwray
[Wcstwrow].

John Midleton.

Robt. Gore.

Raphe Gore.

Wm. Cater.

Geo. Cater.

John Busbridge.

Thos. Horton.

Win. Bond.

Wm. Cotton.

John Stockley.

Roger Ofield.

Augustine Skinner.

Ric, Wiche [Wise].

Robt. Towerson.

Ric. Talby.

Robt. Midloton.

Robt. Bateman.

Ric. Gosson.

Robt. Waldoe [Wal-
dore].

Ric. Wragge.

John Wragge.

Wm. Dale.

Lawrence Waldoe.

Hen. Bridgman.

Sam. Armitage.

Edward Harrison.

Edmund Nicholson
[Edward].

Clement Mosley.

John Newman.

IIump.Wallcott[Wal-
lotj.

Thos. Richardson.

Thos. Booth by.

John Couchmau
[Coachman].

Reynold Greene.

Ric. Barret [Burret].

Robt. Mildmay.

Wm. Ilynde.

Geo. Chandlor.

Edward Lutterforde.

Win. Barret [Burrell].

Step. Harvy.

Thos. Henshawe.

Wm. Ferris.

Wm. Aldcrscy.

Wm. Hewitt.

Wm. Fisher.

Jos. Salbucke [Sal-
banke].

Nic. Manlcy.

Nic. Salter.

Wm. Willaston.

Wm. Angel.

Nic. Barnesly.

John Hawkins.

Roger Dye.

Ric. Clarke.

Thos. Hewitt.

George Whitmore.

Hen. Polsteade [Pol-
steel.

Wm. Green well.

Robt. Johnson.

Bart. Hagget [Hug-
gott].

Hump. Basse.

Robt. Buckc.

Ambrose Wheeler.

Wm. Hale.

Rich. Hale [Hull], ju-
nior.

John Hodgson.

Alfonsus Fowle
[Foote].

Edmund Spencer.

EAST INDIES.

117

1600.

Ric. Piott.

Wm. Bonliam.

Edward Barkhara.

Geq. Colles.

Raphe Hainor.

Jas. Cullimorc [Coly-

mer],

Samuel Hare.
Geo. Utley [" dis-

franched" 6th July,

1601].

Gregory Allen.
Hen. Archer.
Jeffrey Kyrby.
John Cason.
Ric. Beale.
Thos. Shipton.
John Fletcher.

Thos. Talbott.

Robt. Pennington.

Hump. Milwarde.

Ric. Hearne.

Raphe Allen.

John Brooke.

Ant. Gibson.

Robf. Kayes.

Hugh Crumpton
[Crompton].

Ric. Washer.

Geo. Holman.

Morrice Llewellin.

Ric. Persons [Par-
sons].

Fras. Barker.

Wm. Turnor.

John Greenwoode.

Ric. Deane [Denne].
Ric. Ironsyde.
Geo. Smythes.
Jas. Dunkin*
Edw. Walter.
And. (Chamberlain.
Robt. Stratford.
Ant. Stratford.
Wm. Millett.
Simon Lawrence.
Thos. Lydall.
Step. Hodgson.
Ric. Wrighte.
Wm.Starky[ Starker].
Wm. Smyth.
John Ellacot.
Robt. Bayly, and
Roger Cotton

Licence at their own costs and charges to set forth one or more
voyages to the East Indies, in the countries and parts of Asia and
Africa, and to the islands thereabouts, divers of which countries
and islands have long since been discovered by others of the Queen's
subjects ; to have succession and purchase lands without limitation ;
to have a common seal.

Sir Thos. Smythe, al-
derman, to be the
first governor, and

Paul Bannynge.

Leonard Hallyday.

John Moore.

Edward Holmden.

Rich. Staper.

Thos. Cordell.

Wm. Gar way.
Oliver Style.
Jas. Lancaster.
Ric. Wiseman.
Fras. Chery.
Thos. Allabaster.
Wm. Romney.
Roger Howe.
Wm. Chambers.

Robt. Sandy.
John Eldred.
Ric. Wyche.
John Highlorde.
John Middleton.
John Coombe.
Wm. Harrison.
Nic. Lynge, and
Robt. Bell

the twenty-four committees, to be elected annually, and jointly to
have the direction of the voyages, the provision of shipping, and
merchandise ; and a deputy governor to be chosen in a general
court, each to take the oath of fidelity, and to be elected within the
first six days in July in each year, and every member of the Com-
pany to take an oath before being admitted to traffic as a freeman
of the Company. Privileges to the sons, apprentices, servants, and
factors in India of the adventurers. The governor or deputy-
governor always to be present at general assemblies when reasonable
laws, constitutions, &c., agreeably to the laws of England, may be
made, and offenders against them punished by fine or imprisonment.
Exemption from paying customs for the first four voyages ; to
be allowed to give their bonds payable at six and twelve months for
customs afterwards payable for merchandise from India ; further pri-
vileges of customs. Liberty to export in each voyage thirty thousand
pounds in foreign coin or bullion ; so as at least 6,000?. be first
coined at the Mint ; to send yearly to the East Indies six good ships
and six pinnaces with 500 mariners, unless the royal navy go forth.
None of the Queen's subjects, but the Company, their servants, and
assigns, to resort to India without the Company's licence upon pain

118 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1600.

of forfeiting ships and cargoes, half to the Queen and half to the
Coiujinnv, with imprisonment till the offenders give 1,()00. bond
not to trade thither again. Power to grant licences to trade to the
East Indies. Apprentices, servants, factors, &c., may be admitted
to the freedom of the Company by the majority. Silver exported
to be shipj>ed only at the ports of London, Dartmouth, and Ply-
mouth, and duly entered by the Custom House officers without
jwiying customs. [" \Ve have not any liberty granted to carry out
any gold by name, but only silver." Marginal note.] If this
charter shall not appear profitable to the crown and realm it may
cease after two years' notice ; if otherwise, the Queen promises at
the end of this term to grant the Company a new charter for another
fifteen years. [Sixteen, pftges, with marginal notes. Brit. Mus.,
Harleian, 306, fol. 17-25. Printed in Purchas, L, 139-47. See
also Bruce 1 8 Annals of the E. I. Comp., I., 136-139, who quotes
this charter from the "Printed Collection of East India Cfutrters,
p. 3," and Anderson'n Hist, of Commerce, II., 196-197, who adds
" This is the very same East Ind. Comp. which through many
various vicissitudes e.ci#ted under the same denomination until
the year 1708, when it was absorbed by the present [1787] United
Company of Merchants of England trading to the East"

Dec. 31. 282. Minute of the above. [E. 1. Corresp., 1613, March 23.]

1601.
Jan. * 283. Fernando Shemenes to his brother, Jasper Shemenes. Ar-

Cochin7 rival of the St. Francis, Fernando llodriges Deza, chief captain, since
deceased. Not possible to send great quantities of indigo. Trade
of the Portugals to Ormus. How to prevent the Hollanders spoiling
the trade in India. Trade of the English by way of the South Sea ;
very few or none there ; it would cost them very dear, " and besides
they could do us no hurt at all, as for all the rest it is but wind."
Many commodities from China wanted in Cochin. Death of one of
the Shemenes in Lisbon. Troubles, calamities, and miseries in the
E:ist India and Cochin by means of the wars, and for want of ship-
ping from Portugal. Great store of stones and pearls will be had
next year. Wintering of the East India ships which arrived at
Cochin 20th August. Gain from goods sent to Zealand. Only one
of the four ships, the St. Francis, arrived, wherein came the Viceroy.
" If the Hollanders do continue their trade, there will be a final end
of the East India." Voyage from Cochin into the South Sea, to a
harbour called Garramandel (sic). Note of things he requires.
Prices of silks ; remarks on the goods sent ; business details. Re-
quests that favour may be shown to Peter Borges de Mega, mer-
chant, who married in Goa, and sails in the St. Valentine. Wishes
him to sell the Conception, which will leave Cochin this year. Com-
modities 4 per cent, dearer than last year. Sends 57 oz. of pearls.
Don Julian, captain of this ship, the St. Valentine, "a very kind
gentleman and very rich, and your great friend." [Nine pages.
"Abstract of a Portugal letter which containeth 12 sheets of paper.
Translated by John Sozar." Correspondence, Portugal.] Annexed,

283. i. Account of the cargo of six chests in the St. Valentine,
laden in Cochin by Fernando Shemenes, by command of

EAST INDIES. 119

1601.

the viceroy, Ayres de Soldania. Indorsed, " Copy of a
Portugal account, translated into English, Sept -fV, 1602,
by John Sozar, appointed by the Worshipful [Company
of East India Merchants ?]" {Four pages. Jbid.]

Jan. 2-31. 284. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Payment of 450?.
for provisions for the ships. Twelve streamers, two flags, and one
ancient to be provided for each vessel. 30?. to Roger Style, one of
the third sort of factors.

Jan. 8. Edmund Scott, who pretends knowledge in the choice of
drugs and spices, to be employed in the voyage upon putting in 200?.
venture.

Jan. 9. Warrant for 100?. for provisions. The patent under the
great seal is read ; adventurers who have lately contributed and are
not mentioned in the patent, to be as free brothers of this fellow-
ship as any expressly named. 8,000?. or 9,000?. still necessary to
make a good voyage ; and because of the great preparations of the
Dutch for the same places in the East Indies, an increase of 2s in
the pound to be levied upon each adventurer, by the loth instant,
with privilege to increase the adventure. Information to be given
to the Lords of the Privy Council of those who " have disappointed
the preparation of the voyage" [through not bringing in their ad-
venture]. William Romney chosen deputy governor. Deputation
to be named to go to the Privy Council, to complain of such as have
not brought in their money. Warrants for payment of money
entered in Mr. Alabaster's book.

Jan. 14. Order of the Privy Council read, concerning those
who have set down but not brought in their contributions ; their
lordships direct due consideration of their former promises, upon
which the preparation of the voyage was undertaken ; and that it
doth greatly import the honour of the realm that the voyage should
not be hindered. Their promised contributions to be furnished
by Saturday next, those who refuse be committed to prison
until they conform. 2s. in the pound upon every adventure una-
nimously resolved to make up the 4,000?. or 5,000?. required be-
sides. A common seal to be made for the use of the Company, that
every contributor may have a bill of adventure under it.

Jan. 15. Payment for provisions, canvas, &c. 120 oxen to be
provided for the voyage, 20?. in addition to the 6,000?. already
appointed to be coined in the Tower " to be distributed unto the
Lords and others/'

Jan. 37- A committee appointed to exhibit to the Privy Council
the names of those who have not brought in their money according
to former order, and to answer the petitions of those who have
put off payment " by some colourable pretences." Two fair costly
looking glasses to be provided for presents if requisite. The wages
of all the pursers to be 40s. a month, and 20s. a month when the
ships are in harbour. 26 1. 13s. 4c?. to Thos. Pulley n, preacher,
appointed to go the voyage.

Jan. 19. 30?. to Sam. Spencer, master of the Susan.

120 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1601.

. Jan. 21. Peter Francis, a Portugal, to luive ol. a month so long
AN lie serves in the voyage. A bason and ewer of plain white silver,
weighing 100 ounces, two standing cups and two other pieces, each
weighing .'JO ounces, to be made. Appointment of "Committees"
to provide necessaries for the ships.

Jan 22 Four silver cups to be made for presents, at 5s. G(L per
ox. Question of reprisals, Capt. Lancaster " to take such course
therein as he shall think meet." The Spanish money in the West
country to be brought on ship board.

Jan. 24. Orders concerning the shipping of the money and
victuals i n the West country, and the coining of the full value of
6.000/. in the Tower. Purchase of the Susan for 1,600. made
absolute.

Jan. 26. Deception of the carpenter of the Susan in his accounts.

Jan. 27. Payment to factors. Money reported to be shipped in
the Red Dragon, Hector, Ascension, and Susan. Goods shipped
without warrant to be taken up again, upon pain of forfeiture for
an offence of private trade. A barrel of oil to be provided for
Samuel Spencer, master of the Susan.

Jan. 29. 36J. 10s. lOd. for 22 shirts of mail. " Mr, Haklyut,
the historiographer of the East Indies, being here before the com-
mittees, and having read unto them out of his notes and books
divers instructions for provisions of jewels, was required to set down
in writing a note of the principal places in the East Indies where
trade is to be had, to the end the same may be used for the better
instruction of our factors in the said voyage." Price of timber.

Jan. 31. Adventure of Augustine Skinner. Committee ap-
pointed to devise orders against private trade. Damage by the
anchor of the Scourge. Twenty shillings to Win. Walter who de-
dedicated to the Company the book of the Fleming Voyage. Com-
mittee appointed to take inventories of the ships' furniture. Fifteen
pages. Court Bk., /., 45-51.]

[1601.] 285. Queen Elizabeth to " the great and mighty King of (sic)
Jan. ? our loving brother, greeting." God having so ordained that no place
should enjoy all things appertaining to man's use, but that one
country should have need of another, by which means men of remote
countries have commerce one with another, and by their interchange
of commodities are linked together in amity and friendship, the
Queen has been moved to grant licence to divers of her subjects to
visit his territories and dominions, and to offer commerce according
to the course of merchants. His subjects may, \yy their means, be
furnished in better sort than by the Spaniard or Portugal, who have
hitherto been the only nations to frequent those countries, and who
pretend to be sovereign lords of all his territories, and write them-
selves Kings of the East Indies. If this first voyage should be
entertained as an introduction to a further continuance of friendship,
Her Majesty has given orders to " this our principal merchant," to
leave some merchants to reside in his dominions under his safe pro-
tection, until the return of another fleet ; they will apply them-

EAST INDIES. 121

[1601]

selves to learn the language, and direct themselves according to the
fashions of his country. Desires credit may be given to whatsoever
he (the principal merchant) shall promise in Her Majesty's name,
and letters from his Highness by the bearer, in testimony of the
acceptance of the Queen's love and amity. [Three pages^ East
Indies, Vol.1., No. 20. Indorsed, "The English copie of HerMa ties
Ires to the Kinges of Sumatra and other places in the East Indies."
Printed in Bruce's Annals of the E. I. Comp., I., pp. 147-150 ; see
December 4, 1600, and February 12, 3601.]

1601.

Feb. 3-28. 286. Court Minutes of the East India Company. 1007. to Wil.
Brund, one of the principal factors. Concerning Thos. Johnson,
servant to the Earl of Oxford, employed in an office of trust, who
has secretly departed without giving up any account. The officers
of the ships to give an account of provisions received. Payments
to Thos. Morgan, also for cordage and provisions for the Ascension.
Jeffrey Kirby's and Bart. Haggett's adventure. Warrants including
901. 10s. for paper for the use of the voyage.

Feb. 5. Committee to see the discharge of the ships in the West
country. Damage required for hurt done by the anchor of the
Red Dragon.

Feb. 7. 100?. lent to Wm. Broadbent, master of the Dragon, upon
mortgaged land. Mr. Flemyng to be paid for iron. Warrants for
pewter, iron hoops, and glasses.

Feb. 10. Decrees and laws to be kept as standing ordinances,
and used in the voyages without alteration. All things to be navi-
gated as a joint stock, and no private trade used. Prevention of
private traffic. Against fraud in the general venture, and the penalty.
Leaving factors in the East Indies. Commission for James Lan-
caster to be general of the voyage, with succession, in case of death,
to John Middleton, then to Wm. Brund, and to the factors in their
order of rank. Four copies under the common seal of the Com-
pany to be kept in the hands of the principal merchant of every ship.
An act touching the bringing in of the supply of 2s. in the pound.

Fel. 11. Warrants, including 207?. for Nuremburgh ware.

Feb. 12. Phil. Grove to have a bill of adventure as composition
for his entertainment in the voyage. Warrants, including 121. 6s. 8d.,
to Wm. Segar, herald, for writing the Queen's letters to the Kings of
the East Indies, and 12 pence for a box to put them in [see No. 285],

Feb. 13. Roger Howe and John Coombe to have a gratuity of
20?. each, and all their travelling expenses in the West country
paid. The ships to fall down to Gravesend. Warrants, including
53s. for the burial of those slain in the Hector. Plate and other
presents prepared for the vo3*age. The bullion to be shipped at
Gravesend.

Feb. 14. Warrants to pay for powder, brimstone, saltpetre, wax
candles, and provisions.

Feb. 1 6. A hoy to be bought to carry some of the ship's provi-
sions part of the way. Warrants, including 10?., to Mr. Hakluyt,

122 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1601.

" for his travels, taken m instructions, and advices touching the
preparing of the voyage, and for his former advices in setting the
voyage in hand the last year ;" also " 80s. for three maps by him
proviTled and delivered to the Company ;" and 20?. to Henry Napper,
master of the Hector, for his extraordinary pains in the preparation
of the ships.

Yo]t. 17. Two forms of bills of adventure to be given to every
adventurer in the voyage and to every factor ; payment of harbour
dues and other reckonings for clearing the ships at Gravesend. Com-
mission to Roger Howe and John Coombe to go into the West
country. Committee appointed to go to Gravesend The Gift, of
120 tons, bought for 300?.

Feb. 18. Bill of adventure to Phil. Grove, pilot, for 500?. upon
the gain of the voyage.

Feb. 20. Bills of adventure for 220?. to John Ellacott, 200?.
to Wm. Allen, 400?. to Ralph Allen and Wm. Starky, also 200?.
upon the gain of the voyage to \Vm. Bnind, and 200. to John
Havard, principal factors ; 100?. to Wm. Starky and 100?. to
Tlios. Salt-erne, factors of the second sort ; to Roger Style, factor of
the third sort, for 50?., and to Phil. Wynche, factor of the fourth
sort, for 40?. Capt. Lancaster, general of the fleet, to have a bill of
adventure for 1,500?. or 300?. sterling, according to the condition of
the bill upon the gain of the voyage. Warrants for iron and other
things.

Feb. 21. Bills of adventure, upon the gain of the voyage, to
Wm. Wilford and Nat. Jamryn, factors of the third sort ; to John
Middleton, a principal factor, and to Thos. Pulleyn, preacher.
Warrant for 30?. 10s. for two anchors.

Gravesend. Feb. 24. Distribution of the presents prepared for tLe Princes of
the East Indies where trade is to be sought.

Feb. 25. Names of the committee left at Gravesend. Bill of
adventure to John Davies, pilot major, upon the gain of the voyage,
if it yield two for one, 500?. ; if three for one, 1,000?. ; if four for
one, 1,500?.; if five for one, 2,000?.; also a bill for 100?., put in
stock, to Thos. Morgan and Christ. Stradlinge, factors of the fourth
sort; Henry Middleton and Robt. Pope, factors of the second sort,
and to Thos. Dassell, factor of the third sort.

Feb. 20. Commissions sealed for the factors. Bills of adventure
for 1 00?. upon the gain of the voyage to Wm. Broadbent, master of
the Red Dragon, and 20 marks a month for his wages ; also to
Thos. Tudd, and Roger Style, factors, for 40?. each. Warrant dis-
charging Win. Broadbent from the payment of 100?., lent to him
by the Company upon a mortgage. Order for payment of 480?. to
the pursers of the four ships.

Feb. 28. Warrants for payment for 59 barrels of beer, spectacles
and boxes, and other things. {Twenty-four pages. Court Bk.,
/., :>l-64.]

March 2-21. 287. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Committee for
timber, and to audit the accounts, that order may be taken for

EAST INDIES.

123

1601.

clearing the Company's debts, or a course adopted to avoid the
clamour of those whose bills are unpaid.

March 6. Financial statement : owing by the Company about
9,000?.; in the treasurer's hands, 8147. ; due by those who^ have
brought in no part of their adventure, 5,0007. ; by those who have
brought in part, and for the supply of 2s. in the pound, 2,0007.
Money warrants.

March 13. Warrants for wharfage, porterage, and lading of the
ships.

March 21. The long-boat of the Ascension to be sold. A store-
house to be provided. Bill of adventure for 2207. to Stephen Hodg-
son [" the bill stayed " in the margin]. Order to bring in accounts.
Warrant to pay 1 21. 8s. 6d. to Thos. Hewys, clothworker. [Four
pages. Court Bk., I., 64-66.]

1601,

March 21, 288. Names of those to whom " Bills of Adventure" have been

to sealed in the East India Company, with the date of the bill of

1602, adventure and the amount. [Unless otherwise expressed, the sum

April 26. subscribed by each adventurer is 2407., which includes the bill and

supplies ; the total amount is 62,8807.]

Stephen Hodgson.
Wm. Angel.
Roger Hemyng.
John Eldred, 6007.
Hump. My 11 ward.
Richard Hearne.
Robt. Pennington.
Thos. Talbott.
Roger Ofielde, 3607.
John Stoackly.
William Megges.
John Couchman.
William Adderley,
Bart. Holland.
Richard Humble.
Thos. Boothby.
And. Chamberlain.
Robt. Offeley.
Eliz. Mosley.
Thos. Southacke.
Wm. Quarles.
Reynolde Greene.
Lawrence Waldoe.
Raphe Buzby.
Wm. Ferrers.
Wm. Bonham.
Thos. Juxon.
Thos. Shipton.
Edw. Barker, 3007.
Geo. Whitmore.

Henry Poulsteede.
Fras. Barker,
Rich. Washer.
John Hodgson.
Hump. Basse.
Wm. Wollastone.
Hump. Wallcott.
John Newman.
Sam. Armitage.
Henry Bridgeman.
Wm. Bonde.
Thos. Horton.
John Swynerton, 3607.
Robt. Waldoe.
Hump. Style.
Thos. Farrington.
Wm. Cotton.
Edinond Nicholson.
Raphe Gore, 3607.
Oliver Style, 5607.
Richard Bellca.
Richard Piott.
Robt. Myldmay.
John Buzbridge.
Robt. Coxe.
Richard Pierce.
Richard Ball.
Robt. Cobbe.
George Coles.
Robt. Bucke.

124

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G01.

.Thos. Bramby(?)
Win. Hal.-.

Win. Green well.

Koht. Johnson.

And. Bannyng.

Thus. Hewitt.

Robt. Middleton.

Wm. Stoane, GOO/.

"Win. Cavendi.she.

Samuel Hare.

Edmund Spencer.

Morrice Llewellin.

Nich. Barnesly.

John Hewitt.

John Cornelius.

James Turner.

Thos. Barbar.

Rich. Poyntell.

Jas. Denne, '3601.

Thos. Westwray.

Rowland Backhouse.

Barth. Barnes.

Ellis Crispe.

Richard Clarke.

Raphe Hamor.

John Hawkins.

Thos. Henshawe.

Thos. Garwav.

Thos. White.

Geo. Chandloi-.

Robt. Bateinan.
Thos. Bostocke.
John Clinohe.
Nicholas Leate.
R)bt. Sandy, i>0/.
Rich. Wiseman, (KM.
Hughe Crompton.
John Wolstenholme.
Robt.. Gore.
John Leman.
Alphonsus Fowle.
Win. Romney.
Jolm Fletcher.
Mon-is Abbot
Richard Tailbye.
John Cason.
Thos. Alabaster.
Nicholas Pearde.
Thos. S my the, 360Z.
Roger Howe

John Westwray
Edward Leeninge

Richard Hale.

Thos. Carabell, 360/.

John Watts, GOO?.

George Bowles, 300Z.

Sir John Hart, GOOJ.

AJd. Edw. Holmden, 1 ,200^.

Sir John Spencer, 360.

Aid. Robt. Sampson, S60.

Wm. Offley, 300?.

John Middleton.

Nicholas Peird.

Giles Parsloe.

Edmund Scott.

Edward Barkham.

Anthony Stratford.

Augustine Skinner.

Ambrose U heeler.
Anthony Mosley.
Thos. Richardson,
Wm. Burrell.
Thos. Lydall.
Sam. Backhouse.
Rich. Barrett,
Peter Helinge.
Nicholas Lynge.
Jas. Lancaster.
Win. Hyride.
James Dunkin.
George Bennett.
Edward Walker,
liobt. Stratford.
Gregory Allen.
Edward Harrison.
Wm. Turner.
Thos. Ball.
Edward Latterfeild.
Anthony Gibson.
Robert Bell.
Rich. Ironsyde.
Nich. Manley.
Wm. Chambers.
Wm. Millett.
Wm. Freeman.
Wm. Albany.
Jeifery Kirby.
Robt. Key.
Thos. Symonds.
Simon Lawrence.
Nicholas Crispe.
Bart. Haggett.
Wm. Smythe.
Lewis Pope.

EAST INDIES.

125

1601.

Rich. Bowdler.
Robt. Ducy.
Robt. Brooke.
Robt. Carrell.
Rich. Deane.
Richard Cocks.
Nicholas Farrer.
Jas. Culliuiore.
John Harby.
Roger Cotton.
Robt. Bayly.
George Cater.
Rich. Wyche.
Wm. Dale.
Rich. Burrell.
Leonard White.
George Holman.
Henry Archer.
Stephen Harvy.
Joseph Salbanke.
John Fryer.
Wm. Wastall.
Hump. Handford.
Wm. Fysher.
Henry Robinson.
Hump. Robinson.
Wm. Harrison.
John Greene.
John Humphrey.
Hump. Smithe.
Roger Dye.
Wm. Cater.
Fras. Taylor.
John Coombe.
Wm. Palmer.
John Highlorde.
Robt. Ducy.
Henry Butler, 200?.

[Four pages. Court JBh,

Jeremy Davefs, 200?.

Wm. Allen,

Thos. Heyes,

Wm. Palmer, ^

Wm. Starkye,

Thos. Marshe,

Raphe Allen,

Richard Chamberlain.

Richard Champion.

Robt. Chamberlain.

George Chamberlain.

Francis Evington.

John Morrice.

Richard Staper, 800?.

John Jackson.

Wm. Kellett.

Robt. Robinson.

John Watts.

Christ. Cletherowe.

Hugh Hamersley.

Eliz. Mosley.

Geo. Dorrington,

Nich. Salter.

Rich. Wragge.

John Wragge.

Wm. Jennyngs.

Richard Gosson.

Aid. Leon. Hallyday, 1,440?.

Roger Style, 40?.

Earl of Cumberland, 500?.

Countess of Cumberland, 50?.

Rich. Persons, 200?.

Aid. Leon. Hallyday, assigned to
him by the Earl of Cumber-
land, 230?.

Aid. Moore, 480?.

Christ. Nicholls.

E. I. Comp., Vol. /., pp. 105, 106.]

April 1-27. 289. Court Minutes of the East India Company. A new
supply of 2s. in the pound to pay the Company's debts. 1,500?.
taken up at interest by the treasurers, to be discharged by the
Company. Wm. Beerblock, goldsmith, admitted an adventurer of
200?. of the Earl of Cumberland's stock of 1 ,500?. (sic), by way of
assignment, and made a free brother of the Company, to which he
adds 50?. more.

April 3. Payment of the adventure of Wm. Megges.
April 7. Warrant for 14?. 7s. 4c?. to John Highlord.
April 9. Warrants for payment of 494?. 12s. 7c?.

126 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1601.

April 11. Order of the Privy Council for the better payment of
the Company 'H debts due by the voyage. Upon consideration how
it itn|>orteth the honour of the state that so public an action should
not receive scandal or shameful imputation, the adventurers are
directed, without further delay, to satisfy their full contributions as
promised, and also their proportionate supplies, according to their
agreements, and if any refuse the Governor and Company may
proceed to punish their contempt. Ordered that Mr. Romney, the
deputy, being about to absent himself for his health, and because
the affairs of the Company cannot endure the delay and expectation
of Thoa Smythe the governor's being discharged from hia
imprisonment, that the election of another governor be proceeded
with ; Alderman Watts chosen. Names of auditors formerly ap-
pointed by the committees and of those now chosen by the generality.
Money warrants.

April 20. Conference with the treasurers concerning the ac-
counts ; estimate to be made of the money in their hands for the
payment of debts. Orders to pay for canvas, making sails, &c.

April 22. Money warrants. Warrant for summoning the con-
tributors who refuse to bring in their payments, that they may give

their reason before the Privy Council, or else their word to the

governor for present payment. Their names :

Richard Champion, Robt. Pennington.

Hugh Hamersley. Ric. Hearne.

Win Kellett. Wm. Palmer.

Wm. Barrett. Robt. Myldinay.

Bart. Haggett. John Bate.

Peter Helinge. Robt. Bowyer.

April 27. Hugh Hamersley, one of the persons committed by
the Privy Council until he had given satisfaction to the Company
for his contribution, begs their favour, and undertakes within three
days to pay 240/. to the Muscovy Company for cordage, when he is
to be admitted to the privilege of the East India Company, and
discharged from his commitment. Warrant of the Privy Council
for the committal of John Bate and Robt. Bowyer deferred. [Nine
jM(f/es and a quarter. Court Bk., I., 66-71.] "

May 1-29. 290. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Warrant to
pay twenty marks to the king of heralds, " for assigning a arms to
the Company, by the virtue of his office."

May 8. Money warrants.

May 15. Accounts in the West country to be audited. Orders
to pay money. Timber account.

May. 22. Business in the West country. Money warrants,
including 29?. 10s. to Chas. Anthonie, Her Majesty's graver, for
stamps for the East India moneys. Two warrants directed to the
poursuivant that attends the Company for the committal of such as
deny their supplies.

May 29. John Bate disfranchised, and John Jackson, who is con-
tent to supply all his payments, admitted. Wm. Smythe to be

EAST INDIES. 127

1601.

made free as an adventurer. Hugh Hamersley admitted an adven-
turer. Humphrey Milwarde agrees to bring in his adventure by the
last of July next. [Four pages. Court Bk, /., 71-73.]

June 10-23. 291. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Request of
Fras. Dent to set over his adventure and freedom to Geo. Bennett
referred to the next general court, Fras. Dent's name being particu-
larly expressed in the patent. The secretary to make out bills of
adventure and supplies to every adventurer, and to receive Gd. for
each.

June 23. Payment of Rich. Taylby's adventure. [One page.
Ibid., p. 73.]

July 4-24. 292. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Money warrants.
July 6. Names of those who have paid their adventures and
supplies, and are made free of the Company, but are not in the
patent :

Rich. Bowdeler. Peter Helyn.

Hen. Butler. Thos. Bramley.

Tho. Hayes. Thos. Ball.

Ric. Humble. Edmond Scott.

Ant. Mosley. John Clenche.

John Westwray. Jeremy Davers.

Hugh Hamersley. Christ. Nicholls.

Wm. Kellett. John Leaman.

Win. Albany. Wm. Allen, mercer.

Freedom to George Bennett in the place of Francis Dent. Supplies
due by the Earl of Cumberland, who has assigned 570Z. of his
adventure to Alderman Bannyng. All " the brethren of the Com-
pany" who are behind with their adventures or supplies to be
prosecuted with all expedition by complaint to the Privy Council,
" that the voyage may be cleared of all debts and imputations/'
Sir Edw. Michelborne, Robt. Towerson, and Geo. Utley, "disfran-
chised out of the freedom and priviledges of this fellowship, and
utterly disabled from taking any benefit or profit thereby.'' Elec-
tion of governor, deputy governor, and committees. Alderman
John Watts chosen governor for one year, and Wm. Romney deputy
governor. Oath of the governor, also of the committees for direction
of the trade.

July 20. Timber. Supplies due from John EUacott of Exeter.
July 24. Robt. Bayley having paid his adventure of 200,
surrenders his freedom in favour of Sir John Spencer for 180?.,
who is to have the nomination of a freeman upon paying 101.
for supplies. Motion made on a letter from Geo. Waymouth, a
navigator, touching an attempt to be made for the discovery of
the North- west passage to the^East Indies, whether the generality
be willing to undertake the discovery ; resolution respited until
the next general court. Concerning a new supply of shipping to
second the former ships sent out to the East Indies by the Cape
of Good Hope, whether to be the half or a third part of the
value of the last adventure. [Five pages. Court Bk, I., 73-76.]

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1601.

Aug. 7. ' 293. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Question
whether a voyage shall be made to find out the North-west passage
consented to by the most part of the generality. The money to be
levied by the pound, according to the first list of adventurers ; every
man to bring in half by Michaelmas and the other half by Christ-
mas. Committee appointed to set down the charge of the voyage for
three pinnaces. The governor to peruse the charters to see if there
is "authority to compel any of the Company to pay his money towards
this voyage, or the next voyage by the Straights of -MgeU [trie]
Bona Speransa. [ Tv.'o thirds of a pctfje. Court J3k., 1., p. 76.]

Sept. 1-14. 294. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Conference
with Capt. Waymouth touching the shipping for the North-west
passage ; two pinnaces, one of 50 tons, manned with 1 6 men, and
one of 40 tons, with 14 men, sufficient for the discovery ; the charge
estimated at 3,000?. or thereabouts. Agreement signed by Captain
George Waymouth ; to have 1 00?. to prepare his instruments and
other necessaries, and if he discover the passage 500?. by way of
contract for his discovery, referring himself to the favour of the
Company for any further gratification ; but if he do not make the
discovery he is to ask nothing for his pains and travel.

Sept. 2. Powder for the ships. Report of the committee ap-
pointed at the conference with Captain Waymouth on the discovery
of the North-west passage. John Morrice admitted to the freedom
of the Company in place of Nat. Martyn.

Sept. 13. Committee appointed to inquire of the Muscovy Com-
pany i: whether they will permit this fellowship to enter into the
discovery of the [North-west] passage, and wholly relinquish all
claim of privilege thereunto during the continuance of the patent
granted unto us." A second voyage to the East Indies by the Cape
of Good Hope agreed to. A book to be prepared for the adven-
turer's names, and the sums they will contribute ; none to be
received under 100?., but as much above as any man pleases, and no
one to be urged to bring in any further supply above the adventure
set down.

Sept. 14. A title or preface to the book of contribution agreed
on ; some having set down their voluntary contributions, delivered
the book to the officer to be carried to all the freemen. [Two pages
and three quarters. Court Bk., I., 76-77.]

Oct. 13. 295. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Payment of
57?. IGs. 8(?. to Benj. Decro, agent of the Muscovy Company, for
cordage. Freedom to John Jackson, introduced by Sir John
Spencer. Report of the deputy governor on the proposals to the
Muscovy Company, agreed to at the last general court, concerning
the North-west passage. Resolution as to the conditions upon
which the discovery is* to be attempted, and the amount of the
contributions which will entitle the adventurers and their posterity,
under the common seal of the Muscovy Company, to the freedom
of the discovery. Concerning a previous resolution to set out a
second voyage to the East Indies ; the whole adventure already set

EAST INDIES. 129

1601,

down does not exceed 11,OOOZ., "which carrieth no convenient pro-
portion to set out any voyage at all." The Lord Admiral and
Mr. Secretary's [Cecil! having inquired of the governor ,he cause
of the Company being so slack in seconding their former voyage,
considering that the Dutch nation had so honourably gone through
with their voyage, and returned again with such good success, and
noted that the Company were not so respective of the honour of Her
Majesty and their own Company as it were fit they should be ;
it was answered that one especial hindrance was the fear that the
committees, "for some private respects," might be drawn to prefer
ships not so serviceable as were convenient. Ordered that the
name of every ship be notified at a general court, and offered to
consideration. The book to be carried to the brethren of the fellow-
ship by men appointed and able to persuade and encourage them to
proceed in the adventure. Admission of Christopher Cletherow in
place of Robt. Bowyer. [ Two pages and a half. Court Bk. I.,
77-78.]

Oct. 296. The Privy Council to the Merchants trading to the East

Indies. The Queen having granted them a privilege for sole trade
to the East Indies, to employ six ships and six pinnaces yearly,
which trade they began by furnishing ships last year for those parts,
and Her Majesty having been informed that they were making
preparations for a second voyage, following therein the practice
of the Dutch, "conceived very good liking" thereof. Understand
that of late they surcease in their preparations until the return of
their other fleet. Recommend them " to be better advised in the
carriage of such an action as this where the world hath had so
great expectation," because an imputation may thereby be laid
upon the State, and further to consider that in their default, there
are divers ready to enter into the furnishing of certain ships for
a second voyage, whose proceedings they cannot justly hinder, when
they do not use the benefit of their own privileges according to
their own proposition. [Draft, corrected by Secretary Cecil. Tivo
pages and a quarter. East Indies, Vol. /., No. 21. Indorsed,
" 1601. October. Minute from the Lds. to the Merchants trading
into the East Indies." Vide " Bruce's Annals of the East India
Comp." L, p. 151. This letter was read at a court of the East
India Comp., Nov. 5. See next article.']

fov. 5-20. 297. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Report of
the deputy governor on the proceedings of the Muscovy Company
concerning the discovery of the North-west passage ; they " seem to
have no liking " to join with this company in the discovery, but
will rather undertake it themselves, yet assign no time for doing
so ; an enterprise of such importance should not be " slaked/'
resolution to urge the expedition, being of so great consequence to
the commonwealth ; committee appointed to confer with six of the
Muscovy Company ; if they will undertake it, to leave them to
their own proceeding, if otherwise, to see whether they will join
with this company, and if they will do neither, to inform the Lords

130 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1CU1.

of the Privy Council of their refusal and of their hindering the
discovery intended l>y the East India Company. A letter from the
Privy Council read, notifying the Queen's mislike of the slackness
of the Company in seconding their former voyage to the East Indies,
and propounding the example of the Dutch who prosecute their
voyages with a more honourable resolution. The matter being so
important, a court to be called on Monday to deliberate thereon,
every one that maketh default to pay a i>enalty of 20s.

Nov. 9. Concerning the North-west passage, resolved that the
discovery shall be attempted, and contributions solicited from the
Company to make up the adventure, those who contribute, to enjoy
every benefit of trade by the passage, during the term of the patent,
The stock of Clement Mosley assigned to his widow, Elizabeth
Moeley.

Nov. 20. Warrant for 39. 2s. 4</. to Abraham Campion for beer.
[Three pages. * Court Bk., /., 79-80.]

Dec. 4-22. 298. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Upon advice
received of the arrival in two Dutch ships at Middleburg of 1 3 men
who had been detained four years prisoners in the East Indies, and
that one was an Englishman, " who hath the language of Sumatra
and the experience of the trade of divers islands thereabouts," it is
thought meet that the governor, Alderman Watts, should take some
private and secret course to have conference with him touching the
state of the trace of those parts.

Dec. 22. The Muscovy Company having received letters from
the Privy Council, consent to join the East India Company in the
discovery of the North-west passage ; resolution to prosecute the
discovery with all expedition ; adventurers to set down their contri-
butions in a book according to former agreement, at the rate of 12e
in the pound of their first contribution in the voyage by the Cape of
Good Hope, or else to set down their voluntary refusal to adven-
ture ; contributions to be brought to Wm. Romney, deputy-governor,
by 20th January next. The committees appointed for both com-
panies to agree upon the conditions and other proceedings of the
voyage. Opinion of counsel to be taken how an agreement shall
be made by consent of the adventurers amongst themselves, or by
any warrant that can be derived from either of the companies.
[Two pages and a quarter. Court Bk., /., 80-81.]

1G01 ? 299. Statement of what is necessary to prepare for a [second]
voyage to the East Indies (?), under these several heads. "Anchors
according to their proportions and ironwork. Copy of the sail-
maker's account for sails made for a ship of 800 tons for this journey
to the East Indies. Manner of victualling for the East Indies."
[Three pages. East Indies, Vol. L, No. 22. Indorsed, "Touching
anchors."]

[1601-3.] 30O. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Warrant to
take up shipwrights and ship carpenters to expedite the preparation
of a voyage to the East Indies which Her Majesty doth favour.

EAST INDIES.

131

[1G01-3.]

1602.
Jan. 5

to
Feb. 17.

Names of those who have presented themselves to be employed as
factors in this voyage ; viz., Win. Garway, Kobert Chamberlain,
Wm. Skidmore, and Robert Kirkman. The Carnation of Colchester,
John Thurston, from London to Colchester, " bouyed "^upon an
anchor of the Scourge, owner Stephen Johnes. Names of ships,
number of men and tonnage, also state of the adventure 68,373?.,
besides the charge of the North-west. The Gift sent out with
victuals, thought to be cast off at sea. [Three quarters of a page.
Court Bk., L, 120.]

301. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Opinion of
counsel, <c and it is resolved for law " that the interest of the
North-west passage is expressly in this Company. The voyage to be
prepared with all expedition. Committee appointed to devise laws
and ordinances to further the action, to be submitted to the next
general court. 230Z. of the Earl of Cumberland's adventure assigned
to Aid. Hallyday.

Jan. 11. Laws and ordinances to be observed by this society upon
pains and penalties therein severally limited. Preamble ; the voyage to
the North-west finally determined on ; bringing in of the money ;
five times the value to be forfeited upon failure of doing so at the
times specified : fines for non-attendance at the general courts ;
rules for debate ; no one to speak more than three times upou any
matter, no uncivil speeches nor behaviour in courts, no one to interrupt
another in his speech, every one to keep silence at the stroke of the
hammer by the governor or deputy. Imprisonment for refusal to
pay fines. Fine of twelve pence for leaving court before it breaks
up. All fines to be employed to the general use of the Company.
Committee appointed to further the expedition of the voyage of the
North-west passage, and to prepare the shipping and all other
provisions.

Jan. 25. Warrants to Aldermen Hallyday and Bannyng, treasurers.
Two hundred marks given to Richard Wright, secretary, " for his
great travail taken in the beginning of the procuring of the
priviledges of this fellowship and in all things concerning the voyage
and the trade." Salary of 10?. to Thos. Evesett, the beadle. Thirty
pounds granted to Capt. Waymouth towards providing instruments
for the North-west passage. 1097. 16s. 8d. to the Muscovy Company

for cordage.

Feb. 17. Payment of 30?. to Capt. Waymouth.
and a half. Court Bk., I., 81-84.]

[Six pages

2h 17-29. 302. Court Minutes of the East India Company. 20?. to Capt.
Waymouth towards the provision of instruments needful for his
intended voyage to the North-west.

March 18. Admission of William Nelson, for 30?. fine, he
having paid his adventilre of 240?. Contributions of I2d. in the
towards the discovery of the North-west passage, to be paid in
by the last of the month. Thomas Yarmouth, entertained purser of

i 2

132 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1C02.

one of the ships, to have 40*. a month if the discovery lie made,
aiid 2()rf. n month it' not, and to give security for KM)/.

March 25. Payments of 51. to John Drewe, master of one of the
bhijtH, for discovery of the passage ;

March 27. And 8(H. to Thos. Yarmouth, purser, for carpenters'
wages.

Marcli 29. Concerning the supply for the North-west passage ;
the Company have already engagements above 7<)0/. Resolutions
to enforce the bringing in of the contributions by the last day of
the mouth, that the Company be not discredited " the discovery
being made so public, as well as to our own country as to strangers
in foreign parts." The Privy Council to be petitioned for " their
liking" to the course of forfeitures of defaulters, and to aid the
Company with their authority. [Three paycs and a half.
Court Bk., /., 85-86.]

April 1-80. 303. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Money warrants,
including 28/. 18s. for 6-i hides, " to make the mariners' cassocks,
breeches, and gowns."

April 2. Money warrants. Committees appointed for victualling
and preparing necessaries for the two ships. Thos. Stephens to keep
the books of account, and have a salary of 30/. a year.

April 5. Warrant to pay TOO/, to Thos. Yarmouth, purser of the
Discovery, for anchors and other necessaries for the voyage through
the North-west passage.

April 10. Payment of 10. to John Drewe, master of the God-
speed. Articles of agreement between the Governor and Company
of the Merchants of London, trading to the East- Indies, and George
Waymouth, mariner. The Company " being moved with great ho]*3
that there is a possibility of discovery of a nearer passage into the
East Indies by seas by the way of the North-west, if the same were
undertaken by a man of knowledge in navigation and of a resolution
to put in execution all possibility of industry and valour of the
attaining of so inestimable benefit to his native country and his own
perpetual honour," have entertained George Waymouth, " a man in
their opinion qualified and fit to undertake and attempt the per-
formance of this discovery," to whom they have delivered 100. to
furnish himself with convenient instruments of navigation, and
have committed two ships, the Discovery and the Godspeed, to his
direction, victualled for 10 months. Waymouth undertakes to be
ready by [ >s ' ic ]> ^ s* 1 ^ towards the coast of Greenland, and

pass on into those seas by the North-west towards Cathay or China
without giving over proceeding on his course so long as he finds any
possibility to make a passage through those seas, and not to return
for any let or impediment whatever until one year has been bestowed
in attempting the passage. Merchants or pursers to be allowed to
take an account of how the goods, provisions, wares, &c.j have been
bartered or otherwise disposed of. To deliver to the governor or
deputy a report of all his proceedings in the voyage worthy of note
within ten days after his return to England, and not to discover the

EAST INDIES. 133

1602.

same to any other persons. The Company agree to pay him 5001.
within forty days after his return, " upon sufficient proof and testi-
monial by him made that he hath passed through the North-west
passage into the East Indies, and arrived at any port within the
dominions of the kingdoms or empires of Cathay, China, or Japan."
Unless he discover the passage it is agreed that he will not demand
any salary or reward, " in regard the voyage was undertaken by the
Governor and Company partly by his persuasion and upon his
resolution to adventure his travail and life therein for the good of
his country."

April 14. Money warrants for provisions and other necessaries
for the voyage. Thos. Yarmouth's accounts to be audited. The
pursers of the ships to receive allowance for their bills of provisions.

April 20.- Warrant for 601., for biscuit for the North-west passage.

April 22. Warrant for 1 001. to Thos. Yarmouth, for provisions
for this intended voyage.

April 24. Agreement with John Cartwright, of London,
preacher, to go with Geo. Waymouth in the voyage of discovery, to
have Si. a month if the discovery be made, but if not only 80s. a
month : the Company having paid him 151. towards preparing him-
self for the voyage. Edward Pullison, appointed purser of one of
the pinnaces, to have 40s. a month if the discovery be made, 20s. a
month if not. Warrants for 300?. for necessaries for the voyage.

April 30. The articles of agreement with Capt. Waymouth and
the Queen's letters to the Emperors of China and Cathay are read,
and auditors chosen to audit the accounts of the charge of the
voyage. Warrant to pay 501. to Capt. Waymouth for his own and'
his servants' charges and diet. [Ten pages and a half. Court Bk., I.,
86-91. " The voyage of Capt. Geo. Waymouth intended for the dis-
covery of the North-west passage toward China, with two fly boats,"
is printed in Purchas, III., 809-81 4. He sailed from Ratcliffe on
May 2, 1 602, and returned to Dartmouth in September, 1(>02. [See
No. 310.] On 27th October, 1607, apensionof 3s. 4?d. per diem ^vas
granted to Geo. Waymouth " until such time as he shall receive
from His Majesty some other advancement" See Docquct. DO-
MESTIC, Jac. /.]

May 3-26. 304. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Money war-
rants to Alderman Cambell, treasurer of the voyage, for watches,
compasses and instruments, and for provisions, mariners' clothes, &c.
Information of some dislike against Thos. Yarmouth, resolved after
some further dispute that he should be continued. The agreement
with the other purser Pullison to be discontinued or stand in force,
as Capt. Waymouth may think needful. Warrant for III. 6s. 8d.
for salt for the voyage.

May 18. Wages of John Drewe, mariner for the North-west
passage. Voluntary contributions to be brought in by 20th instant.
News bills of adventure to be drawn, containing every man's stock
and all supplies in one gross sum. Day appointed for the auditors

134 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1602.

to furnish the accounts of the North-west voyage. Money warrants
on account of the voyage.

May 20. Bond to save Alderman Cambell, treasurer, harmless
for the wages of John Drewe, mariner. Warrant to pay 11. Ion. to
Rich. Wright, secretary for charges for procuring the Queen's letters.

May 21-3. Money warrants for cordage and other things.

May 26. Money warrants for biscuit, iron hoops, and other
necessaries. [Three pages and three quarters. Court Bk. t /.,
91-93.]

June 2-18. 305. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Warrants to
pay lor Ian thorns, locks, and other necessaries for the North-west
passage.

June 3. Payment to Rich. Stapers of 71. 8s. 8d. for money dis-
bursed on account of the voyage.

June 8. Warrants to pay 51. 10s. for "a boat made for the dis-
covery, with rudder, irons, and ring bolts."

June 18. Money warrants for provisions, wharfage, &C. [Three
quarters of a page. Court Bk., /., 93.]

Juno 21. 306. " Memorial to be propounded to the Lords from the Com-
missioners at Boulogne." Touching precedency ; continuance of
amity; intercourse and commerce. Trade to the Indies; whether
the Commissioners shall assent that Her Majesty's subjects be
directly barred from trading to such places of the Indies as are
possessed by the Spaniards and Portugals, or rather implicite that
they may trade freely into any parts not possessed by the Spainards,
and 1x3 permitted to put into any port holden by them if forced by
necessity ; if this cannot be obtained, whether it were best to leave
this point clean untouched, and those that will adventure to their
private fortune, rather than give such precedent as the English
for all ages. Cautionary towns, &c. Signed by Sir Henry Nevill,
Sir John Herbert, Robt. Beale, Sir Thos. Edmondes. [Three pages.
Correspondence, Spain. Indorsed, as above.]

June 28. 307. Court Minutes of the East India Company. A general
court to be " warned," to meet at Founders' Hall, on 1st July, for
the election of a governor, deputy, and committees, according to the
patent. The bookkeeper to finish the accounts for the North-west
passage and the voyage by the Cape of Good Hope. [Quarter of a
page. Court Bk., /.,

July 2-28. 308. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Five money
warrants.

July 6. Election of officers of the Company. Alderman Sir John
Hart, governor, Wm. Romney, deputy governor, Robt Chamberlain,
treasurer, Rich. Wright, secretary, Thos. Stephens, bookkeeper, and
twenty-four committees. Thos. Evesett, beadle. Warrant to pay
Tristrum Eldred, purser of the two pinks, 61. 13s. -id.

July 28. Sir John Hart, elected governor at the last general court,
desires to be excused, alleging his age, weakness of body, and many

EAST INDIES. 135

1G02.

other important businesses of his own ; Alderman Cambell elected
governor in his stead. The freedom of the Company sued for by Peter
Wellington in place of Peter Helyn, deceased, denied, but the stock and
profits to be granted to him. Freedom desired by Thos. Stephens, de-
ferred " till further trial be made of his sufficiency and faithful dis-
charge of the trust reposed in him." The losses justly sustained by
the cashiers of the late treasurers of this Company to be answered.
Warrant to pay the rent for the Company meetings at Founders'
Hall. [Two pages and a quarter. Court Bk., I., 94-95.]

Aug. 309. Note of merchandise and commodities in the St. Salvador

and St. John [? St. James] arrived at Lisbon from the East Indies ;
including pepper, cinnamon, cloves, indigo, silks, calicoes, ginger,
wax, musk, ambergris, diamonds, pearls, &c. [Two pages. Corresp.,
Portugal]

Sept. 16-29. 310. Court Minutes of the East India Company. A journal from
Capt. Waymouth read with intelligence that the pinnaces are returned
to Dartmouth ; commission to be sent to Capt. Waymouth to bring
them to London, and if he be sick and cannot fulfil the contents of the
commission, to give orders, according to his discretion, for the speedy
bringing them about. Orders to be sent to the two pursers to the
effect that, since it has pleased God to bring them no better success
in their intended discovery, they would be careful to preserve such
things as remain in the pinnaces, to serve for a second adventure.
A general court to be summoned to meet on the morrow.

Sept. 17- Mr. Cartwright, preacher, being examined whether he
could give any intelligence of the sudden return of the pinnaces, refers
the Company to Capt. Waymouth's journal, and alleges that by
reason of his ignorance in navigation he cannot further satisfy
them. The commission to Capt. Waymouth and letter to the
pursers, agreed to be sent yesterday, approved of.

Sept. 29. Concerning the long stay of Capt. Waymouth, if the
Company do not hear from him within three or four days, a n't man
to be sent down " to take [care] for their coming away." [ Tico
pages. Court Bk., I., 95-96.]

Oct. 13-18. 311. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Arrival of the
two pinnaces in the Thames.

Oct. 18. Sale of the barks and all other provisions. Alderman
Hally day's accounts ; his arrears for supplies towards the discovery by
the North-west, as well as from others, to be defalcated out of their
adventure to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope, according
to an order of llth January past. [One page and three quarters.
Court Bk,, L, 96.]

Oct. 312. Henry IV., King of France, to Sec. Cecil. Thanks for his
. 28t good offices to the monk on board the vessel, where were some
varieties and novelties from India and China, sent for the King's
own use, by order of Sebastian Zamet, and for his care in having
preserved and restored all which belonged to tlie King. French.
[Corresp., France]

136 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1602.

Oct. 23-25". 313. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Warrant to
liobt. Chamberlain, treasurer, to pay the mariners, who were hired
to bring the pinnaces from Dartmouth to London. Warehousing
of some of the merchandise.

Oct. 25. Examination of John Ore we, master of the Godspeed, as to
the cause of Capt. Way mouth's return "without any discovery per-
formed." Confesses that Cartwright, the minister, was the principal
persuader of the company in the Discovery to return to England and
give over the voyage ; Capt. Waymouth, the general of the voyage
returning homewards, was obliged with his company to follow.
The boatswain, gunuer, carpenter, and others of the Discovery
will, he thinks, for more certain proof that Cartwright was the
persuader of the company's return, aver as much. The gown and
apparel, delivered to Cartwright for his use in the voyage, to be
demanded of him, and if he refuse to give them up, counsel's
opinion to be taken for their recovery. Examination of John,
Lane, master's mate of the Godspeed; that Cartwright, "as he
himself did confess and justify to this John Lane, that he was the
persuader and mover of the company to return for England and
give over the voyage." [One page and a quarter. Court Bk., /.,
97-98.]

[Oct] 314. The King of Acheen to Queen Elizabeth. His kingdom
lias shown its love in the entertainment of that society which
fills the horizon with joy ; their request is just, with purpose for
exchange. Capt. Jas. Lancaster has spread her fame which is very
pleasing. Her letters and privileges being patent, the Almighty ad-
vance the intent of thishonourable association and confirm this worthy
league. Because the King of Afrangi [a marginal note explains
Afranyi to be that part of Spain which they call Cattilia NuevcL]
is an ememy to the Queen and the [East India] Company in whatever
place they be, therefore the King of Acheen's joy is increased, " and
our society confirmed, for that he and his subjects are our enemies in
this world and the world to come." The Queen desires peace and
friendship ; " this is our serious will and honourable purpose con-
stantly in this writing/' Privilege to the Company to trade and
traffic henceforth ; this captain and his company incorporated into
one corporation with common privileges ; freedoms granted to them
and the best way shown them to trade and traffic. Sends by the
hand of Capt. Lancaster, a ring beautified with a ruby, two
vestures woven and embroidered with gold, and placed within a
. purple box of china. [Three pages. East Indies, Vol. /., No. 23.
Indorsed, "Letter of the King of Benthem [Bantam] to the late
Queen/' probably in answer to No. 285. Printed in Purchas,!.,
100, u-here it is said to be from the King of Acheen and the
translator IF. Bedivell. See Bruce 8 Annals, I., p. 152. Capt. John
Davis was Lancaster's principal pilot in this voyage, see Parchas,
/., 15G.]

Nov. 2-i-29. 315. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Directions to
the bookkeeper concerning those of the fellowship who are indebted
to the Company [for the la to attempted discovery]. The governor

EAST INDIES. 13?

1602.

and deputy governor report the proceedings against Capt. Way mouth
before the Lords of the Privy Council touching his return from the
voyage of the North- west without any discovery. Capt. Way-
mouth's answers to the interrogatories demanded by the* Commis-
sioners appointed by the Privy Council are read, " wherein he gave
the reason of his return, and did express in writing the possibility
and hope of divers inlets that went through the coast of America
into the South Seas or the East Indies." In consideration of the
great benefit that may grow to the commonwealth, if possibly a
discovery might be made, it is resolved that a new attempt shall be
made with both ships, that Capt. Waymouth shall be employed in
one of them, and that another sufficient man or captain shall be
appointed to take charge of the second, leaving them to proceed
therein either jointly or severally, each of them taking their several
courses, as shall be hereafter agreed upon. Committee appointed
for preparation of the ships and all necessaries for the voyage, and
for calculation of the charges.

Nov. 29. Warrant to pay John Drewe, John Land, Thos. Bourne,
and John Branskom 1 II. IGs. 8d., for their employment in the late
intended discovery. [Two pages. Court Ek.\ L, p. 98.]

Dec. 4-80. 316. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Warrant to
pay 6. 13s. 4c?. to Thos. Yarmouth, purser, for his employment in
the intended discovery of the North-west passage.

Dec. 13. Payment of 10?. by Stephen Hogdson, one of the brethren
of the Company, for his supply towards the discovery of the North-
west passage. A court to be warned on Wednesday next, " this
court not concluding of anything for want of a greater assembly."

Dec. 21. Warrant to pay Thos. Stephens, three quarters'
salary.

Dec. 30. One of the Company's barks thought fit to be set forth
again for the north-west ; a new conference with Capt. Geo. W ay-
mouth or some others "liked well of." [ One paye. Court Bk. } I., 98.]
1603.

Jan. 4-28. 317. Court Minutes of the East India Company. On consider-
ation of the greatness of the charge of the intended voyage by
the North-west if both the barks are set forth, it is resolved that
one of them shall be furnished from the supplies of both, without
any further charge to the Company. Committee appointed to confer
with Capt. Waymouth, or with some other fit for the enterprise, and
report thereon,

Jan. 7. Resolution of the committee ; sale of (he residue not fit
to supply the necessaries required. %

Jan. 21. Warrants for payment of money.

Jan. 26. Resolution that the voyage shall utterly be left off, and
the shipping, victuals, and merchandise put to sale to defray neces-
sary charges upon the return of the fleet by the Cape of Good
Hope. Committee appointed. Mr. Deputy Roinney, newly chosen
alderman and not able to attend to business. Thos. Bramley
elected deputy until the next day of election. Admission of Thos.
Stephens, bookkeeper.

138 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G03.

Jan. 28. Warrant to pay for keeping the two pinnaces. [Three
payet. Court Bk. t /., 99-1 00.]

Feb. 17. 318. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Demands of
Cnpt. Wayinouth for charges incurred by him, referred by mutual
consent to arbitrators. Names of those chosen on behalf of the
Company Warrents to pay 61. to Edward Pullison in full of all
denwnds for wages, &c., and 20s. to the wife of Thos. Bourne,
steward of the Godspeed. [One page. Ibid., p. 101.]

March 29. 319. Court Minutes as above. Sale of the barks to be deferred ;
merchandise, and other things liable to decay to be sold forthwith.
Warrant to pay 24s. for keeping the two pinnaces for two months.
[One paye. Ibid., p. 10 \.]

May 24. 320. Court Minutes as above. The two barks to be sold for
300/. each, and not under, without the consent of the governor and
four of the committee. [Half a page. Court Bk. t I., 102.]

June 4-28. 321. Court Minutes as above. Warrant for 24s. for keeping the
two pinnaces.

June 6. Letters received from Roger Style and Ed. Highlord, of
the Ascension, concerning the state of the voyage, the ports that
have been visited for trade, and how many of the Company's men
died on the voyage ; good hope conceived that the voyage will fall
out, such as may minister encouragement to set out another for
further discovery of parts of the East Indies.

June 9. Letters to be written to the West country to provide
for the comfort and relief of all who are sick in the Ascension, and
to require the factors and other officers of the ships to forbear,
under any pretence, to break bulk or make sale of anything belong-
ing to the general adventure. Merchants in the towns of Plymouth,
Dartmouth, &c., to be selected, to whom letters are to be directed,
and to whose charge the money required for the use of such sick meu
as come ashore from the ships, is to be entrusted.

June 16. The Ascension in the river. Choice of convenient
places or warehouses for her goods. Men to be appointed to go
aboard until the ship be unladen. Disposal of the merchandise ;
persons named to go down to the ship, and take orders that no
one take anything out of the ship. Four to go aboard at 6 a.m.
the next day, to be relieved every morning, and attend until the
ship lie discharged. The Admiral's tenths of prizes taken in the
East Indies ; Capt. Lancaster writes that the commodities taken are
not vendible here, but more fit to be sold in the Indies. Canvas
bags to be made for the pepper ; also six suits of canvas without
pockets for as many porters to be employed in filling the pepper.
Entry to be made in the custom house of the goods in the Ascension,
consisting of 210,000 Ibs. of loose pepper, 1,100 Ibs. of cloves,
0,030 Ibs. of cinnamon, and 4,080 Ibs. of gum lacquer. 51. to Mr. Mid-
dleton, of Plymouth, for bringing the first report of the arrival of
the Ascension.

EAST INDIES. 139

1603.

June 21. Alderman Cambell, governor, and John Eldred, on
behalf of the Company, agree to be bound to the customers for the
subsidy due to the King for the goods brought home in the Ascension.
Cellarage to receive the goods. Names of those appointed to be at
the waterside to see them warehoused ; the bookkeeper to be present
to make tickets for the carmen. Others appointed to weigh the goods
and keep a note of the weight. Warrants for 56s. to the wife of
John May, master mate of the Susan, a month's wages, and 61. for
pilotage for bringing the Ascension into the river.

June 23. Alderman Cambell and John Eldred, bound for 917.
or thereabouts for the King's customs, to have the common seal of
the Company to save them harmless. Sir John Hart and Robt.
Chamberlain, Paul Bannyng and Alderman Watts enter into two
several bonds for 1,0007. each, to be continued at interest for three
months, on behalf of the Company, for payment of the mariners ; a
course to be taken hereafter for such sums of money as there may
be occasion for. General commission to the committee, from time to
time, to proceed to sale of the goods now brought home, and to take
the best opportunity in their discretion for that purpose.

June 28. The above bonds sealed. [Six pages and a half.
Court Bk., I., 102-105.]

Aug. 10. 322. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Elias Bradshawe
entertained in the Company's service, " to be employed as they
shall think good," at 10. a year. [One third of a page. Court
Ek., I. 108.]

Sept. 3. 323. Thos. Alabaster to Sec. Cecil His friend from Middleburg
Bromley Hall, writes that an ambassador from Persia had arrived at Paris to
request succours from the King of France to drive the Portuguese
out of the East Indies, but the King replied that, being at peace
with the King of Spain, he could not render any assistance, but
that he would do better to seek it from the provinces of Holland
and Zealand. [Spanish. Extrcict from DOMESTIC Corresp., Jac. /.,
Vol. III., No. 53. Col., p. 37.],

Nov. 18. 324. Thos. Alabaster to Sec. Cecil Mr. Bramley and Mr. Chambers
London. se nt by the East India Company to Court, through a letter from
the Lord Treasurer, about liberty for sale of their pepper, which it
seemed he would stay, unless they would buy the King's, or it were
otherwise sold ; the Company will give in their reasons. Intreats
his favour towards them ; the extreme scarcity of money prevents
them buying it. Holland and Zealand are sending forthwith 1 1 ships
all well fitted to the East Indies, pretending to make war there with
the Portugals, and they fully expect that by our peace making with
Spain, we shall be excluded from traffic that way. [Extract from
DOMESTIC Corresp., Jac. L, Vol. IV., No. 86. Cal., p. 54.]

1603. 325. Minute that Henry Middleton succeeded [Sir Jas. Lancaster]

with as many [four] ships, and at his return brought from the King
of Ternate a present to King James I., and letters ratifying the
treaty of commerce ; but the Dutch representing the English as

140 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1603.

pirates, and that they came with a design to plunder his country,
the King commanded them to leave it, and the Governor of Polerou
[ Pooloroon] confessed to C'apt. Keeling that the Dutch factors there
ottered the natives 1 2.000 dollars not to trade with the English.
\_h\ut I ml Current., March 23, 1013.]

1 COS. 326. Articles granted by the King of Dachem [Achecn] and Suma-

tra to the subjects of the Queen of England. Free entry and trade,
duty free, without regard to the goods imported or exported. Succour
to be given to English ships in danger through stress of weather.
Power of making wills and of disposing of their estates when and to
whom they think lit. Ample security as to all contracts and
bargains, in which respect the natives are bound to a punctual
observance of justice and fair dealing. Authority to the chief
governor or factor to intlict punishments on their own delinquents,
without appealing to the civil magistrates of the country. Assurance
of steady justice in all cases of injuries received from the natives,
upon complaint made. Exemption from arrests upon goods or
prizes. Liberty of conscience and the undisturbed exercise of their
own religion. [Two pa yet* and a half. An indorsement, almost
illegible, state* that these art id en were " delivered to Sir Jas. Lan-
caster, anno Dom. 1603." 0[riyinal~\ Correspondence] from the
India, Ojfi.cc, Vol. /., No. 1. Printed in Universal History, Vol. X.,
r . 10.] '

1G03. 327. " The lading of four ships of the East India for Lisbon/'

including spices, indigo, precious stones, calico, stuffs, silks, and
musk. [//"(/' p ( t ( jc- Correspondence, Portugal^]

328. King of Bantam to Queen Elizabeth. In answer to a
letter from the Queen, brought by -Capt. Jas. Lancaster, with a
ruby ring, two vestures woven and embroidered with gold, and
placed within a purple box of chira. [Minute. East India
Correspondence, March 23, 10 13. Thin appears to be a minute of
#0.314.]
1004.

Feb. 14. 329. Licence to the East India Company to transport out of the
realm foreign coin to the value of 12.GOOL, for their intended second
voyage to the East Indies. [Docquet. DOMESTIC, Jac. I., Cal^
p. 77.]

Feb. 28. 330. Commission to Henry Middleton and Christopher Colthurst,
to be chief governor and lieutenant-general in the [second] voyage
to the East Indies ; and in case of Middleton 's death, Colthurst to
succeed him. [Docquet. DOMESTIC, Jac. I., Cal,p. 84.]

March -fy. 331. Intelligence from Spain. The Spaniards greatly offended

Si Lucar. because the English prepare to trade with either of the Indies,

which they say they will never consent to. Eight ships going by

15th May to the East Indies with silver and 200 men in each, besides

eight ordinary ships. [Extract from Correspondence,

EAST INDIES.

141'

1601.
March 25.

Court at
Whitehall.

March 30.

to
April 9.

Seville.

May?

June 8.

London.

June 18.

Greenwich.

332. Lord Admiral Nottingham to Sir Thos. Lake, clerk of the
Signet. Upon suggestion that Capt. Button was dead in the Indies,
the King was induced to give away his pension and the place
bestowed upon him by the late Queen, under the gro'at seal of
Ireland, but understanding that he is living and safely returned,
His Majesty has, upon his petition, granted him. the reversion of the
pension and place, and in the meantime a pension out of the
Exchequer. Requests him to fill up the blank in the privy seal
with 6s. 8d. per diem. [DOMESTIC Corresp., Jac.' L. Vol. VI.,
No. 106. Cal, p. 89.]

333. " Advertisement from Seville." Eighteen Englishmen have
made themselves strong, with the help of the Indians, " in the isle of
Clavo, which is between China and the East Indies ;" they were be-
sieged by 500 Portugals, who could not prevail against them, which
has caused great uproar in all that country, and, except Don Pedro
de Acuna, who is gone viceroy of China, annoys them they are like
to keep themselves strong. [Indorsed, as above, " from John R."
Extract from Correspondence, Spain.]

334. " Paper concerning the bill for enlarging of trades of
merchandize." For the company of merchants trading to Muscovy.
For the East India Company : " the Netherlander at their be-
ginning traded to the East Indies in a popular manner as we seek
by this law to establish, but their experience hath made them leave
it, and draw it into one purse and into one company, or else they
found it would have been overthrown." Concerning the Turkey
Company, and the Merchant Adventurers, " the most ancient and
honorable of all companies." \Two pages. The Bill for the en-
largement of trade was read in April 1604, and reported 21 May.
DOMESTIC, Jac. L, Vol. CCXIV. Addenda]

335. Robert Savage to Sec.- Cecil. Arguments against peace
with Spain. It will avail little unless the English have trade to all
the King of Spain's dominions in the East and West Indies, Brazil,
Guinea, and Binney, without exacting more customs than were paid
before the restraint, the trade to Lisbon for spices having been
overthrown through the East India trade with England and the
Netherlander, as well as the sale of cloths and kersies, which were
the chiefest commodities transported from those parts. [Two pages.
Correspondence, Spain.]

336. Licence to Sir Edward Michelborne, with his associates and
shipping, to discover the countries of Cathaia, China, Japan, Corea,
and Cambaia, and the islands and countries thereto adjoinirg, and
to trade with the people there, notwithstanding any grant or charter
to the contrary. [Docquet. DOMESTIC, Jac. I., Cal., p. 121. Printed
in the Fcedera, Vol. XVI., p. 582. On 24 Oct. 1605 Chamberlain
writes : " We hear that the Spaniards have met with Sir Edward
Michelborne at sea and massacred him and all his company."
DOMESTIC Corresp., Vol. XV., No. 104. Cal., p. 237. This report
was not true, but, according to Purchas, Capt. John Davis, who
accompanied Michelborne, and several of his company* were slain
on board the Tiger in a fight with Japanese, 27#t Dec. 1605.]

142

COLONIAL PAPERS.

Ifi04.

July 28.

Aug. 7.

Bayonne.

Aug. 1C.

All 2.

Aug.

Nov. 17.

Hague.

[1604.]
[Nov.?]

337. Thos. Wilson to Sec. Cecil The riches brought home by
the Spanish ships, but for the Chinese stuffs were none at all ; the
Hollanders, by taking the year before the St. Tiago and St.
Valentino coining from China, one worth a million the other 400,000
(ducats? tow), having disfurnished Goaand those parts of all China
stuffs, which with other pri/es since taken, had quite spoiled the
commerce in the south parts, and no man dares budge forth or
venture anything. Long letter sent to him from Goa, describing
the min of the Spanish trade in those parts. [Extract from
Correspondence,

338. Thos. Alabaster to Sec. Cecil. The ships Erasmus and
Nassau, being before Amacao [Macao] in China with 14 others, took
a carack going to Japan, pillaged, and then burnt it. They received
much friendship from the Chinese, and have left their quarters at
Bantam. It is said that there was a great quantity of silk, both raw
and wrought [in the carack], and cloth, probably going to the West
Indies by the South Sea. Another carack was preparing to lade
on the other coast of Amacao; the Admiral Gerbeant Van Wai-wyck,
with the Ziricksea and other Holland ships, was in time to find it.
Andres Furtado, the King of Spain's general in India, had besieged
Yor [Jhor], the chief city of a kingdom so called in the main land
over against Sumatra, by sea and hind. With two ships they
relieved it, and sent Furtado's armament to the devil, so that in all
those parts they would give us their property and their very souls if
they could. The fourth ship was from the old Company of Amster-
dam, and coming for pepper. DOMESTIC Corresp., Jac. I., Vol. IX.,
No. 13. Cal,p. 143.]

339. Abstract of such reasons as were used by the Earl of
Northampton in defence of the English trade to the Indies, while
the commission of treaty for peiice with Spain was handled. [Four
pages. Correspondence, Spain]

340. Projected articles of peace between England and Spain,
several of which have special reference to the trade of the English
in the East Indies. [Two pages and a half. Correspondence, Spain.]

341. Sir John Ogle to Sec. Lord Cranborne. The Company of
of East India Merchants of Amsterdam, the States paying only the
the third part, are setting forth a fleet of 25 or 30 ships of war to
guard the coasts, the better to assure their traffic into the Indies,
which the Spaniard much laboureth to overthrow. [Extract from
Holland Correspondence]

342. Observations on the two special causes mentioned in the
petition of the Turkey Merchants, of the decay of their trade into
the Levant ; one being the East India trade, whereby all spices,
silks, indigo, and goods of the Indies, which used to be brought
through Persia into Turkey, and from thence to this realm, are now
brought direct from the Indies ; the other the imposition upon cur-
rants. [Five parjes and a half. DOMESTIC Corresp., Jac. /.,
Vol X., No. 27. Col., p. 168.]

EAST INDIES.

3605.

May 22.
Tauris.

344. Robert Sherley to his dear brother Sir Anthony Sherley,
Commissioned from the King of Persia to all the Christian Poten-
tates. Has little hope of his return, and is " almost distracted from
the thought of any help for my delivery out of this x country."
Knows his brother has likewise suffered discommodity, but it can-
not be compared to his own, amongst Turks, infidels, and enemies
to the Christian name. The King of [Persia] lias entrapped them
with deceit and flattery, and publishes to the world the hatred he
bears to the name of Christians, making slaves of the poor Arme-
nians, and burning and pulling down all churches, yet tolerating
the Turk. Complains of the scurvy fashion in which he is treated ;
neither time nor patience can mend his fortune. Would long since
have solicited his own friends in England for his own delivery, but
knows his brother has extolled the King [of Persia's] name and his
usage, and he would rather die "couped up in my miseries" than make
a contrary report. Knows his father's trouble, and that he would
be moved with compassion towards himself. Is resolved next year
to seek his passage from hence to avoid an evident danger. The
King wintered at Tauris ; great preparations of both parties, on
this side there will be certainly 100,000 men, and if victorious they
will approach near to Aleppo. None of greater name than Aman-
guin Chan, " the first friend we had in Persia/' who has played his
part gallantly with 2,000 horse. News of ten Flemish ships before
Goa ; the Portugals in a mighty fear, inasmuch as the Archbishop
ha,s pawned all he had to make an armatto against them. [One
page and a half. East Indies, Vol. /., No. 24. Printed in " The
Sherley Brothers," for the Roxburghe Club, pp. 56-58.]

August? 345. Observations by Capt. John Davis, in voyaging from
Acheen to Tecooe [Ticou] and Priaman, a town upon the west side of
Sumatra. [Three pages and a half. Brit. Mus., Sloane, 3959;
another copy in Sloane, 3668. Probably made on his voyage
with Sir Edward Michelborne. See ante, No. 336.]

[1605.]

1606.
Feb. 21.

Mar. 2.

Lisbon.

April T

Seville.

346. [The King of Bantam] to [King James] " Desires" God to
preserve his health and to exalt him and his council more and more.
General Henry Middleton has arrived in health. Is greatly rejoiced
to hear of His Majesty coming to the crown of England, " now
England and Bantam are both one." Thanks for the King's pre-
sent ; sends His Majesty two " beasar stones." [Quarter of a page.
East Indies, Vol. I., No. 25. Indorsed, " K. of Bantam to the
King."]

347. Mailliart fticquaert to Salisbury. All the English cry out
for war with Spain. Certain news that 24 Holland men-of-war are
come upon this coast to meet with the ships from the East Indies,
and it is feared they will be taken or else their voyages will be
overthrown. [Extract from C&rresp., Portugal]

348. Nevill Davis to Salisbury. It is thought that Don Luis de
Fachard is ready to leave Lisbon with 28 galleons and other small

144

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1COC.

-IS-

Lisbon.

May.

[1606.]
[May.]

1606.
Aug. 9.

Sept. 10.

Casbin.

vessels to accompany seven caracks to the East Indies, and having
secured them from 50 sail of Hollanders which lie about the rock,
they will drive them from the coast if they can. The Hollanders
there are a great annoyance to Spain. [Extract from Corre-
spondence, Spain.]

349. Hugh Lee to Salisbury. Fear of the Hollanders has caused
the stay of three caracks already laden for the East Indies, which
have since discharged their treasure and goods, so that none shall
go there this year. News that five caracks laden in the East Indies
were ready to sail for Lisbon ; also of the arrival of four English
ships in England richly laden from the East Indies, " which dis-
contenteth this people very much to hear." [Extract from C't/r-
rexpondencc, Portugal.]

350. " Relation of the success of the Hollanders in the East
Indies." Seizure of a caraek on the coast of Mozambique, which they
burnt, after taking her lading and artillery, notwithstanding the
Portugals offered a large sum of money to save her. Amity contracted
with the Samorin or Emperor of Goa. Their course towards Bantam
and Ambon, a great city with a strong castle, inhabited by 3,000
Portuguese, which the Hollanders took after besieging it, and have
since fortified the castle ; they have also taken the castle of Fidore
[Tidore], where they burnt two caracks. Many other small ships,
laden with all kinds of merchandise, taken by them in their voyage.
Two of their ships arrived in the Sleeve, one held to be worth
150,000 (We). They met with four English ships in distress upon
the coast of Bantam, and refreshed them with men and all necessaries.
[One page and a half . Holland Corresp.]

351. Noel de Caron to Salisbury. Similar account to the preced-
ing of the Hollanders' success in the East Indies. Could not rest
without immediately imparting the news to him, being sure that
the King will not begrudge them their successes, which has spread
universal joy throughout the United Provinces, and will give them
better courage to repel the efforts making by the enemy against
them this year. [French. Two pages. Holland Corresp]

352. Licence to the East India Company to transport spices in
whole packs, sacks, &c., beyond the seas. [Minute. Grant Bk.,
p. 28. DOMESTIC, Jac. /., Cal, p. 328.]

353. Robt. Sherley to his most dear brother Sir Anthony
Sherley. Has continually advertised him of all occurrences, " which
we with all our industry and might laboured to bring to some per-
feetion," but can have no true advice from him. Upbraids him for
neglecting to perform his promises to send presents, artificers, and
Sig. Angelo [the interpreter and guide], which " hath made me be
esteemed a common liar." Sends copies of a letter from the King
of Persia by three conveyances ; the King writes how he has taken
the .... of Hidergam, that is to say Tauris, Marrantt, Tassu,
Lajrdovar] ?, Noxsivan, Errivan, and Gandgia, all great provinces ;

EAST INDIES. 145

1GOG.

that it is seven years siuce the King of Persia sent Sir Anthony
into Christendom, and " he knows not where you are, nor what
you have done in his service, nor the reason why you return not
unto him ;" movements of the King. Has stayed in Persia in
the hope of An[gelo's] coming, but fears he has been deceived. Com-
plains that there is no more friendship nor brotherhood, truth,
honour, and conscience being banished from the earth. Craves
pardon if he be plain ; has lost his time, and is in hazard to lose
himself also, \l\vo pages. East Indies, Vol. I., No. 26. Printed
in " The Sherley Brothers," for the Roxburglie Club, pp. 58-59.]

Oct. 22. 354. Sir Ralph Wimvood to Salisbury. The erection of a
company of East India merchants is lately accorded at the Hague.
Sends herewith the articles as he received them [wanting. Extract
from Holland Corresp.]

Nov. y 8 y-. 355. Richard Cocks to Thos. Wilson. Was asked by the Mayor
Bayonue. o f Bayonne, " in secret sort, calling him apart," whether he knew a
Dutch pilot called Buteres, who had been three or four voyages to
the East Indies with Sir Fras. Drake and Capt. Cavendishe. The
mayor said Buteres had gone to England to bring his wife to Spain,
having promised that King to pilot his East India fleet next year,
for which he is to receive a pension of 50 ducats a month. [Extract
from Correspondence, Spain.'}

Dec. 31. 356. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Present: Sir
Wm. Roraney, governor, Sir Thos. Smythe, Sir Thos. Cambell,
Wm. Harrison, Robt. Johnson, Reynold Greene, Robert Bucke,
Humphrey Smyth, Sir Jas. Lancaster, Geo. Boles, John Highlord,
John Eldred, Robt. Coxe, Robt. Sandye, and Hugh Hamersley.
Victuals to be provided for the third voyage. Letters to be
obtained from King James to the King of Cambaya, the Governors of
Aden, and two more places not far from Aden ; their titles to be in-
quired of Ralph Fitch ; also letters to be sent as from His Majesty to
those Kings who sent him presents. The destination of each ship to
be decided upon. Names of factors appointed to the Dragon, Hector,
and Consent. Fras. Bucke promises to adventure 100Z. Bonds to
be given by each factor; their request to employ stock in the
voyage. [One page and a half. Court Bk., II. fol. 1.]

1607.

Jan. 2-9. 357. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Advice of
Sir Jas. Lancaster, as to the course of the three ships ; his opinion to
be set down in writing. Demand of Sir Jas. Lancaster and others
for profit of adventure referred.

Jan. 7. Five pounds to be paid for copying out the book "signi-
fying the ports and places of and near the Red Sea and thereabouts."
Powder for the ships, harbour victuals, and conveyance of the
lead, iron, and tin. Devonshire and Hampshire kersies to be pro-
vided. Foster and another not elected, because unfit for factors.
Simon Harvey, grocer to the deceased Queen, to be admitted an
adventurer for 5001. Sir Jas. Lancaster and others to set down in
writing, what they esteem right for the profit of adventure.

146 COLONIAL PAVERS.

1007.

Jan. 9. " Kintolledge" of the three ships. Locks to be provided
for preservation of the goods and victuals. Three masters' mates to
l>e appointed in each ship. No incommodious things to be put on
board, nor any persons hired for the voyage but those ordered by
the committees. Neither Courtney " nor some others" to be em-
ployed. The three chief or cape merchants to be allowed to curry
one man or a boy on the voyage without salary. Robt. Robinson, for-
merly employed by the Company, to be agreed with to go again.
Four pounds to be given to the Guzerat, and 3. each to the two
Chinese, above their ordinary allowance, before their departure.
Refusal of Sir John Spencer to sign bills for spices received. Suit
of John Mendis, referred \ln the margin, "the Indian's suit"].
Discharge of Mr. Emerson, having finished the works about the
Dragon. It was thought that only Mr. Keeling and Mr. Hawkins'
names would be obtained in the patent from His Majesty, and that
the three ships should go together towards Aden, the Hector from
thence with Mr. Middleton and some other fit persons for Bantam
and the Moluccas, the Dragon and pinnace for Guzerat ; but the
further consideration is deferred. Presents to be given to the
potentates. [Four pages. Court Bk., II, 2-4.]

Jan. 9. 358. Grant to Richard Penkevell to discover the passage to
China, Cathay, the Moluccas, and other regions of the East Indies
[by the north, north-east, or north-west], for seven years. [Minute
only. Colonial Correxp., Vol. /., No. 13., and Grant Book,
DOMESTIC, Jac. I., p. '20. Printed in the Fcedera, Vol. XVI.,
pp. 600-6G3. Penkevell and his associates were incorporated by
" this name jtecul'uir, The- Colleagues of the Felloivvliip for the
discovery of the North Passage."]

Jan. 10-23. 359. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Allowance of
profit of adventure to Sir Ja.-;. Lancaster [" altered the \\th Jan."].

Jan. 14". Lead to be provided for the voyage. Mr. Highlord
requested to enter the goods in the Custom House. By the Com-
pany's charter no customs outwards can be demanded for the first
four voyages. Five hogsheads of cloves to Mr. Ofield. Powder to
be stored. Sureties to be given by factors, with conditions [altered
11) Jan.]. Final agreement for allowance of the profit of adventure
to Sir Jas. Lancaster, Sir Henry Middleton, and others, and demon-
stration by Lancaster of the true meaning of it.

Jan. 1 (5. Payment to Mr. Hippon. Oil for the voyage. Demand
of Roger Styles. Payment of imprest money ; form of the bilL
Request of Sir Walter Cope on behalf of a young man to go for
parrots, monkeys, and marmosets for Lord Salisbury. Petition of
Agnes Smith, touching Mr. Bramley's adventure. The pinnace to
keep her name, the Consent. Difference in the Act for taking out
nutmegs and mace.

Jan. 19. Augmentation of factors' wages. Moneys due for the
spices. Two tons of tin to be sent in the three ships. Sir Jas.
Lancaster to give np the bonds he took of the factors in the East
Indies. Request of Paul Bannyng for spices for divers adventurers.

EAST INDIES. 147

1607.

Petition of [Th os.] Stephens, account keeper, for better allowance;
100Z. freely lent him ; " his labour is now esteemed great, and there-
fore more worthy of recornpeuce." Condition of the sureties' bonds.
The treasurer to report those who are behind for the present
voyage.

Jan. 20. Explanation of the Act for delivery of mace and nut-
megs. Mr. Bramley's adventure. Increase of wages of factors to
be further considered. Privilege to factors to employ 25. for their
private profit, in every voyage, under certain restrictions.

Jan. 23. Inquiries for iron and lead supposed to be missing.
Warrant for apprehension of sailors hired for the voyage who absent
themselves. Anchors for the Dragon. Bills of adventure of the
servants of Paul Bannyng, of Alderman Lee for 720L, and of the
Enrl of Cumberland for 570Z., brought to Bannyng's account in
the Company's books, whereupon wai-rant was given to Mr. Allen
for delivery of his [Bannyng's] cloves, at 4s. per Ib. Wages of
Edward Edmonds, deceased, gunner of the Dragon. The governor
to write to Cambridge to the person recommended as a minister
for the voyage, who is to preach before the Company. Prevention
of the loss and waste of cordage and sails. Petition of Greene,
the butcher, a loser to his utter undoing by his contract for beef
and pork, unless relieved by the Company. Provision for the
steward's store. Ordnance for the ships. [Fourteen pages. Court
/<., //., 4-11.]

Jan. 26. 360. Hugh Lee to Salisbury. Three great caracks departed this

Feb. 5. day for the East Indies, fully laden, and carrying great store of men,

Lisbon. being in all above two thousand, the Admiral having but 45

mariners, 30 gunners, and 150 youths to do labour, the rest soldiers

and passengers. [Extract from, Correspondence, Portugal.]

Jan. 27-30. 361. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Coopers,
gunners, and boatswains' stores for the ships, and leather buckets to
be provided in case of fire. The Dragon not to be sold beyond the
seas. No commodities to be put on board without being registered.
Pieces and head-pieces to be provided, needful either for presents or
for sale. Commissions for each of the ships. Cider. Application
of Mr. Farmer for eight barrels of nutmegs. Sale of pepper not
claimed by those who wrote for it. About Agnes Smith for Mr.
Bramley's adventure. The Lord Mayor's request for spices. Inquiry
for a preacher for the voyage. New flags and ancients to be
prepared by William Jennyngs for the ships, with the red cross as
has been anciently used. James Pemerton, hired at 61. per month
as fourth mate in the Dragon ; Win. Hawkins, on account of his
experience and language, to deliver His Majesty's letters and
piesents to the Princes and Governors of Cambaya ; Mr. Reave and
Mr. Marlowe his assistants. The articles formerly concluded by Sir
Jas. Lancaster to be given to them, with further instructions for
settling trade and amity in those parts. Description of the suits of
apparel, " fit for those parts," to be made for them. Win. Keeling,
" our chief merchant," to appoint to vacancies caused by death.

148 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1C07.

Jnn. 30. Price of the light pepper to be raised. Prunes, raisins,
currants, and spices for the voyage. Iron for the Consent. Bond
for ordnance. The Japan boy brought home last voyage by Sir
Henry Middleton to be taken by David Middleton as his boy tins
voyage, and decently apparelled at the Company's charge before his
departure. Provision of boatswains' store. The Lord Mayor's
demand for spices. Surety of (Jeoffrey Carlille, one of the factors.
Petition of Adam Batten, a good penman and skilful in language,
for a convenient place in the voyage, referred for consideration. John
Newcome to be employed as a common sailor. Casks for the salt
Chests of beads and the remainder of old stores in the Company's
warehouse to be employed in the voyage or sold. Better expedition
in providing provisions for the ships. Difference between Mr.
Johnson and Mr. Hamersley for garble of cloves. [Five payee and
a half. Court EL, IL, 11-13.]

Feb. 3-27. 362. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Accounts of
Christ. Vincent, purser, to be audited. Profit of adventure of
Phillip Winchcombe, factor, deceased. Demands on account of
Edward Edmonds. Agnes Smith's complaint in chancery about
Mr. Bramley's adventure. Nicholas Cage, formerly an adventurer
of 100?. and now 200?., sworn a free brother of the society. Nine
hundred pieces of blue calico to be bought of Mr. Deane, who
promises to adventure a good sum in this voyage, for 115. Gd. a piece,
as very fit for the Moluccas. Lading of the Dragon. One cwt. of
the root of "saxifrage" [sassafras?], and a quarter cwt. of anniseed for
beverage, " very wholesome for the preservation of men's health."
The lemon water to be sent as it is, notwithstanding the opinion of
Sir Hugh Platt. Request of Edmond Scott for the residue of his
wages ; his accounts to be audited. Scarlet and violet apparel for
Wm. Hawkins to be ordered, his cloak to be lined with taffeta, with
silver lace ; and David Middleton's boy's clothes. The preacher to
Lave 100?. for the whole voyage. Agreement with the butcher.
Adam Batten entertained a factor in the room of Geoffrey Carlille.
A surgeon's mate. The captains, masters, and two mates of each
to meet at Sir Jas. Lancaster's house, for conference about the
voyage.

Feb. 10. Edmund Scott's accounts. Letters and commission from
the King for the East Indies ordered to be lymned and prepared for
His Majesty's signature, and several copies to be translated into
Portuguese. Plate and cloth, to the value of 200 marks, to be
provided for presents to be sent with the King's letters. Agreement
with Adam Batten, factor. John Rodrigoe, the Indian, to be held
in suspense about going the voyage until the ships have departed ;
a gown and other necessaries for his provision at sea to be provided
for Marcus the Indian, and what "shall be fit for such a dissolute
person as he is." Security for the pepper. Proportion of victuals
for the two ships and the pinnace, with 280 men, and by whom to
be provided.

Feb. 13. The vessels to sail towards Land's End at the beginning
of next spring, on Thursday next (19th Feb.) Sir Jas Lancaster's

EAST INDIES. 149

1607.

remembrance of observation of the times meet to be observed, and
the places to be touched at in the now intended East India voyage ;
copy to be given to the chief merchant or captain of each ship for
their better instruction. General proportion of victualling, for
the Dragon, 600 tons, the Hector, 500 tons, and the Consent, 105
tons ; also minute of the proportion of merchandise [referred to as
appearing at large 16th Sept. last, fol. 105, in the second waste book,
but this book is not preserved].

Feb. 19. Offer of 501. to Henry Levett, chaplain to Lord
Pembroke, to go the voyage as a preacher, with 151. gratification ;
but before admittance inquiries to be made of his life and doctrine,
and to preach before the Company. Prohibition to employ Edmond
Bonharn. Mr. Keeling to have an inventory made of all things in
the ships. Extraordinary provisions for the captains' cabins. A
debt of 5L, of John Taro the Indian, to be paid out of his wages by
the Company to Katherine Gibson. Desire of John Heron to be
elected a factor. The King's lettei'S to the Princes of India, trans-
lated into Portuguese, lymned and engrossed by Mr. Segar for His
Majesty's signature.

Feb. 20. The secretary of the Company to be furnished
with an inventory of all the ships' goods for registry, and
copies to be delivered to the chief of each vessel ; nets, hooks, and
lines to be provided for the voyage. Carpenters' store. Choice of a
factor.

Feb. 23. Suit of Robt. Oldridge for his servant's wages. The
tin to be marked and barreled up. Request of Mr. Keeling and
Mr. Hawkins for allowance. Letter from the Lord Admiral for the
employment of Bonham. Mr. Levett, a preacher, demands 100?.
per annum and 501. for provision ; he is offered QOl. per annum and
'301. for provision, and will give his answer to-morrow. Salt fish
for the voyage. Richard Osmotherley admitted an adventurer for
1001. for this voyage only, he having a son going as a surgeon.
Henry Newton and John Heron unfit for factors ; Mr. Worsnoone's
boy to be employed. Mr. Keeling's journal delivered to Thos.
Styles by the governor's order.

Feb. 24. Inventory to be taken of old stores. Pursers accounts
to be delivered before the ships departure. Christ. Vincent to bring
in his account as purser of the last voyage. Mr. Levett agrees to
go the voyage. Mr. Keeling to be nominated in the King's com-
mission general of the voyage, Mr. Hawkins lieut.-general, to
whom and to David Middleton harbour wages are granted till the
ships depart; presents bestowed upon them by foreign princes to
go to the general account of the Company. Waste cloths aud '
drums for each ship to be prepared. The captains, pursers, and
pursers' mates to enter into bond for performance of their duties, as
formerly ; the conditions. Mr. Hawkins to have 501. for his provi-
sion to sea. The means to increase each man's adventure to be
considered.

Feb. 27. The captain's bonds allowed. Lady Owen's son,
bringing in 5001., admitted a free brother of the society. Forty

150

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1607. .

shillings to be lent in charity to Ann, wife of Edward Collins, a
servant of the Company at Bantam. Mr. Bannyng's request to
sell his pepper. Inventory of the goods left at Bantam to be made
and given to each ship ; 5/. presented to Mr. Stevens for a eopy of
the book of maps made by him. By whom and how 6,377^., or
thereabouts, payable by the Company for the Dragon, Hector, and
the stock at Bantam, is to be raised. A fourth voyage to the East
Indies to be prepared by next spring, and supplies for setting forth
two ships. Whether it be fitter to freight ships to bring home the
Company's goods or otherwise. Penalties for not paying in adven-
tures, [tit'.rcntecn pugex and a half. Court Bk., II., 14-22.]

March 2-3. 363. Court Minutes cf the East India Company. Action
against Philip Grove by Ilobt. Oldridge about his servant's wages.
John Heron elected factor in December last, and dismissed " upon
his mispleading speeches," restored.

March 3. This meeting specially appointed to consider the places
whither the ships shall go. [One payc. Court Bk., II., 22-23.]

March 3. 364. Commission for Wm. Keeling and others [Wm. Hawkins
and David Middleton] coming from [? going to] the East Indies.
[Minute. Grant. Bk., p. 26. DOMESTIC, Jac. L, Gal., p. 350.]

March 4-5. 365. Court Minutes of the East India Company. This and other
meetings principally warned about drawing commission for direction
of the voyage.

March .">. Mr. Eldred and all the captains to go aboard the ships
to-morrow morning, with money for payment of harbour wages.
Amounts which Captains Keeling, Hawkins, and Middleton are
allowed to adventure in this voyage for their private profit [One

ge. Court Bk., II., 23.]

[1607.]

[March 7.]

[Madrid.]

366. Sir Charles Cornwaleys, ambassador in Spain, to Salisbury.
The Spaniards have lately " (as they say here)" had a great victory
against the Hollanders and English that had begun to Ibrtify them-
selves in an island in the East Indies called Terra Nata [ ? Ternate]
and have not left of those nations one man alive, 4,000 of the
" naturals " that took their part, having also been slain. The booty
found, besides 70 great pieces of ordnance, reported to be worth at
least 8,000,000, and that the island will yield a yearly profit to
the King of a million and a half. This news may well be doubted
until it be confirmed, " but our mouths here are so fitted to millions
as less sums have no sound in them." [Extract from Corresp n
Spain, Vol. XLVI.^jp. 818, 819.]
1607.

March 11-30. 367. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Placing of
the factors in the ships. Lime to be provided to preserve the nut-
megs from worms.

March 18. George Couleshill, appointed solicitor to the Company,
to have 4:08. per annum, besides fees and other charges. Demands
of Roger Stylea

EAST INDIES. 151

1607.

March 26. Bill against mariners and sailors absenting themselves
after being hired. Committee appointed for better finding out
the loss of spices sustained by the Company in the last voyage.
Demands of Edmond Scott, Christ. Vincent, Robt. Johflson, and
Reynold Greene, for their accounts to be audited. Names of those
who refuse or defer taking out pepper, mace, and nutmegs, which
they have written for in the book, to be crossed out. Power of the
committee in matters of sale.

March 28. Letter read from Captain David Middleton, dated at
Plymouth 19th instant, importing his stay there for the Dragon and
Hector, which he daily expected, the want of some of his men, and
his intention to take up money to hire more and depart within three
days. Order given to the secretary to answer " as by the register
of letters, &c. at large appeareth." [This register is wanting.]
Accounts of Christ. Vincent, purser. Three pounds given in mere
charity to Alice Harris, who lost her husband, a carpenter in the
Susan, her son and servant.

March 30. Leak in the Hector ; if she cannot be made fit for
the voyage in due time, to be brought back with her goods to
London, and the Dragon to sail directly for Bantam. [Five pages.
Court BL, IL, 23-26.]

April 16-25. 368. Court Minutes of the East India Company. A general
court to be convened for consulation of a fourth voyage to the
Indies, and for giving notice of the sale of the spices. Thomas
Nelson, executor to his brother, having adventured 125Z., and
paid 40s. to the use of the poor, admitted a free brother of the
society ; also Henry Robinson, son of Mrs. Owen, an adventurer of
500. in the third voyage. Request of Thomas Dobson for payment
of 25. Names received by the governor of the persons wanting in
the ships ; means to be used to recover their imprests. Tristram
Eldred and Mr. Tyte's accounts to be examined. Paul Bannyng's
request about his spices, and Sir Edward Holmden's adventure.

April 20. Spices to be sold on 28th instant. Names of persons
ordered to make present payment of their adventure to [Thos.] Far-
rington, treasurer, with the amounts.

April 22. Sir Edward Holmden's release of his adventure to
Paul Bannyng read and agreed to. Request of Mr. Nicholson,
executor of his brother Edmond, to be made free of the Company
in his brother's place. Edmond Scott's request ; his account of
the Company's money employed by him at Bantam to be ex-
amined. Fifty-three shillings lent to Goad's wife, not for his
wages, for avoiding of a precedent, " yet in charity in regard of
her great misery." The secretary's request for increase of wages,
for his extraordinary labours.

April 25. Letters received from Plymouth signifying the de-
parture of the pinnace on the 1 2th, and of the Dragon and Hector
on the 16th. [Four pages and three quarters. Court Bk , II.,
26-28.]

152 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G07. .

April 30. 369. Gabriel Towerson to liis loving brother. His last was of
liaiitjni. (he litJth Oct. 1000 by the West Friesland, sinr-e which time nothing
lias happened worthy the writing. His own business in great
forwardness. Thinks the time very long before the shijis arrive,
" to make an end of this irksome living in this place." The Hol-
landers bear the greatest sway in these parts, Recounts at great
length the proceedings of Admiral Cornelius Mataliphe the younger,
who left Holland in May 1605 with eleven ships; their arrival
nt the islands of Maio, Amabo, "a very pleasant land, the people
are of colour black, and go all naked," Cerna, " by the Hollanders
called Moritius," with the loss of only one man who was killed, and
the iS'ieobar Islands. Here the Admiral named the Bay Mataliphe
and promised very large offers to the company if they took Malacca
by force or otherwise. Efforts of the Hollanders and their conflicts
with the enemy [the Portuguese]. King of Jor's ambassador,
brought with the fleet from Holland, sent to his master for succours,
who came himself, " but not to strong as was expected." Four
junks of Sumatra also came to help the Hollanders. Landing of
between 1,300 and 1,400 men, Hollanders and blacks. Encounters
with the Portugals ; " shooting at the town ;" and farewell sally of
the Portugals. The Hollanders killed about 50 and then went
quietly to their ships, the admiral being the last man ashore. They
then set sail to meet the [Portuguese] Armada, in all 26 vessels.
On Gth August began the first fight, which " continued very hot on
both parts ;" long account of it ; the Hollanders' want of ammunition ;
supplies procured at Jor. The fight renewed on the 6th October ;
details and loss on both sides. Don Lewis de Loberto, who was
appointed admiral of the armada, taken prisoner, and kept at
Bantam for a ransom of (i,()()0 r3 r als of eight. Movements of both the
fleets. The [Dutch] Admiral has done much service in securing
Acheen, Jor, and Bantam, which the Portugals threatened to over-
run, and turn both the Hollanders and English out. The Hollanders
will never be so near getting Malacca as they were, "and surely had
had it, if the armada had not come upon them as he did." In all
this time the Hollanders lost upward of GOO men, two great ships,
and 150 ryals of eight. News that the West Friesland is cast away
upon the Sand Island, having saved all their men, but little of their
goods. [Four pages. East Indies, Vol. /., To. 27.]

May 6-19. 370. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Payment to
Oldridge for his servant Legatt's wages.

May 9. Sir Edward Holmden's adventure to be set over to Paul
Bannyng's account. 51. to John Barnaby and the other garblers.
2(). to Barth. Haggett. The demands of Christ. Vincent deferred
till his return from Spain. Sir Henry Bromley's request referred.
Difference between Mr. Greenwell and the sailmaker. Twenty marks
to Mr. Diggins. Repayments of imprests from those not gone the
voyage. Mr. Crispe to pay 8d. per Ib. for 10 bags of light pepper.
Warrant to him and others to view the mace. Goods to be removed
from Sir John Spencer's warehouse to the vault of the Exchange,
Things provided for [Henry] Levett the preacher. Gratuity to

EAST INDIES. 153

1G07.

Mr. Lynge. Loan of 10?. to the wife of Rosewell, gone the voyage,
upon her petition. Payment of 15,000?. due by the Company ;
only 1,814?. 4s. in hand ; to intreat forbearance for a month until
the money for spices and the adventures of the last voyage can be
collected ; resolutions for calling it in. A remembrance of the
conference and agreement between the East India Company and
the farmers of His Majesty's customs, in presence of the Lord
Treasurer, 5th April ] 607.

May 13. Preparations for a fourth voyage to be considered.
Sale of the Ascension. Mr. Johnson and Levett's accounts.
Touching the agreement with the farmers of customs. Rent of Sir
John Spencer's warehouse. Spices sold to Mr. Sandye ; prices and
conditions ; also to Win. Harrison and Mr. Beckett. Tristram
Eldred's accounts to be examined.

May 15. Proposals for raising a stock of 50,000?. for a fourth
voyage next year, and for building greater ships for the year then
following. If that sum be not subscribed by the old adventurers,
by 20th June, any of the King's subjects to be admitted to subscribe,
and the adventure to remain upon a new account. The Ascension
to be appraised. Satisfaction to those who have taken extraordinary
pains in the Company's affairs. Two of the biggest ships that can
be had to be made ready for the voyage next year ; and other
things provided.

May 19. A fourth voyage to be made ready by Christmas next.
Committee appointed to inquire for contractors for substantial ships,
well manned, victualled, and furnished, at 30?. freight per ton.
Simon Harvey and John Bancks, adventurers of 500?. each in the
last voyage, sworn free brethren of the society. Twenty shillings
to [Geo.] Couleshill, solicitor to the Company, for his extraordinary
pains in Oldridge's action; his bill was 11s. [Seven pages and three
quarters. Court Bk,, II., 28-32.]

May 24. 371. Sir Charles Cornwaleys to the Privy Council. Conference
Madrid. with the Conde de Lemos, president of the council for the Indies,
concerning the traffic to those parts. Opinions of the Conde ; "yet
he must be plain with me, in coercions and punishments to restrain
access to those countries, he had an inclination rather to cruelty
than clemency." Keplies that this was not only against the ordi-
nance of God, but the laws of nature and nations ; parts of the
earth should not be held with a closed hand and be exempt from
the general use of men for whom God had created it. Argument of
the Conde that the Spaniards had found by experience that the
access of French, Germans, Hollanders, and English had sown
amongst the people of those parts, but newly seasoned with the
Catholic faith, such a mixture and confusion of diversity of sects
and opinions, as once tasted were hardly possible to be rooted out ;
the case for traffic and navigation was far different from that of
other parts of the world ; these dominions, being by right and pos-
session theirs, by the rule of nations, they would appropriate them
to themselves and exclude others ; they were resolved never to take

l.-,.| COLONIAL PAPERS.

1007.

them for friends nor allow them for traders that should resort thither,
nnd that they would henceforth never be without 12 galleons con-
tinually to attend that service only. [Three paye*. Extract from
Corresjwn* fence, Spain.]

1007. 372. Negotiations of Sir Charles Cornwaleys at the Court of
Spain. For the delivery of certain Englishmen from prison that
were taken in the Indies, when a great contest arose betwixt him
and the Spanish ministers about the dominion and property they
claimed in the Indies. [Extract from Corretpondence, Spain,
1GOS.]

June 5-30. 373. Court Minutes of the East India Company. A general
court to be called to inform the Company that divers ships of eight
or nine hundred tons are offered to be ready by Christmas next, and
that all who wish to adventure must do so before the 20th inst., as
if not, some few of the Company are resolved to furnish the supplies
wholly by themselves. Debts to the Company to be forthwith paid
or some tit course will be taken " neither pleasing nor profitable to
the offenders." Michael Swann's accounts to be audited. De-
mands of Mr. Styles. Inventory of old lumber to be made. Ac-
counts for provisions for the last voyage to be audited. Allow-
ances to Ralph Handson, and John Tiffin, cook. Petition of John
Rodrigoe (Indian) for his release from prison ; also of Thos. Evesett
for extra salary. Concerning the bonds of those who received
imprests and did not go the voyage.

June 9. Those who have had no spices may have bills for 300/.
or 400. upon each share. Such as have taken pains in the Com-
pany's affairs to be considered of. Committee appointed to audit
( Thos.] Stephens' account, and report what he is worthy of yearly.
Wages of Thos. Foster.

June 17. Warrant to Mr. Burrell. Wages of Timothy Martin
and of Thomas Tucker, sailors. Demand of Mr. Styles.

June 19. Letter received from the Lord Treasurer, severely urging
the Company to pay out of hand 4,500. to the farmers of customs,
for the last payment of customs, or else he is " resolved to yield them
extents for the same to His Majesty's use ;" resolution thereon.
Demands of Mr. Styles unreasonable, yet in respect of Lord Salis-
bury's letter in his behalf, the Company content to refer the matter
to arbitration. No bills to be delivered to such as have had
no spices but to have their share of money as it is brought in.
Demands of Widow Foster. Appraisement of the Ascension.
Admission of Win. Doggett, an adventurer of 200. The Governor
entreated to do his best for the release of Rodrigoe, the Indian.
Gratuity of 3()/. to the secretary. Those who have taken pains for
the Company to be considered.

June 23. Three hundred pounds of Mr. Alabaster's stock to be
set over to Sir John Watts, Lord Mayor of London. Adventurers
in the fourth voyage to be summoned to consider how the money
may be augmented. Allowance to Elias Bradshawe. Wm. Jennyngs

EAST INDIES.

155

1607.

and Morris Abbott's accounts to be audited ; as also those of the
pursers of the last voyage. Demands of Widow Foster.

June 30. Letters received from Mr. Est, about a ship of 300 tons,
and from Mr. Styles nominating arbitrators. The consideration of
a fourth voyage again referred to the generalty. Allowances to
Robt. and John Waldow and John Couchman for their pains' in
the Comp. affairs. [Nine pages and a quarter. Court Bk., II.,
32-36.

July 1-31. 374. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Sir Thos.
Smythe sworn governor for the ensuing year, " with promise that
the Company expect no further of him at courts or otherwise than
his other affairs will permit." Wm. Green well, deputy, and the
2-i Committees following :

John Eldred.
Wm. Cockayne.
John Highlofd.
Robt. Sandye.
Robt. Coxe.
Nich. Crispe.
Robt. Middle ton.
Robt. Johnson.
Reynold Greene.
Humphrey Smyth.
Wm. Bonham.
Thos. Styles.

Wm. Harrison.
Nich. Leat.
Humphrey Basse.
Hugh Hamersley.
Morris Abbott.
Nich. Lyng.
Wm. Millett.
Wm. Jennyngs.
Thos. Westwray.
Hump. Handforde.
Geo. Smythe.

Henry Robinson.

Tlios. Farrington elected treasurer ; Wm. Leighton, secretary ;
Thos. Stephens, bookkeeper ; and Thos. Evesett, beadle or officer of
the Company. The^ book to be again opened to the Company for
nine days to set down their contributions to the stock of 50,000?.
for the next two voyages in January ] 607-8 and 1608-9, Thirty-
three persons adverftured before 20th June last.

July 6. Two letters from Bantam, both dated Jan. 28, 1605-6, are
read, one from Gabriel Towerson. the other from John Saris, the
Company's factors there, with an account of what was done and what
Sir Edw. Michelborne took from the " Suzarate " [? Guzerat] ; the
same in effect as the last received. All letters received from the Indies
and the answers to beentered in a book. Pepper sold for Towerson's
private account. Letters and accounts from Mr. Scott to be com-
pared with those from other factors. Report upon Stephens' accounts ;
his labours worth at least 100?. per annum, but the Company's
accounts being much in arrear the consideration of his labours
deferred until the accounts are finished. Mr. Styles to deliver his
demands in writing to the governor. For collecting money owing
to the Company ; Paul Bannyng to be dealt with effectually for
payment. Barbar and Nicholls' accounts for cordage to be audited.
Debts owing by Sir Leonard Hallyday, Mr. Bowles, and Robt.
Harvey to be brought in. Accounts to be audited. Nutmeg dust
to be sold. Gratification to the governor and such as have taken
pains for the Company to be considered.

156 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1607.

July 8. The seal, charter, and other writings delivered 1y Sir
"Win. Ronmey to the governor. Money owing by Wm. Wast all and
others to be paid forthwith. Admission of Richard llider, an
adventurer <>t SOU/. Request of Averie Drausfield to be admitted,
referred. Increase of allowance to Mr. Allen, Rol>t. Waldow, and
John Waldow. Nutmeg dust to be sold to Mr. Johnson. Difference
between Mr. Styles and the Company.

July 11. Previous minutes confirmed for setting forth two
voyages, one. in January next and the other the January following;
express agreement that the trade be left to such only a have set
down their adventure. Mr. Styles. Suit in the Admiralty against
Sir Edw. Michel borne concerning the damages the Company may
sustain by any of his factories in the East Indies, to be dropped ;
reasons. Committee appointed to consider of such as have taken
pains for the Company and to agree with Mr. Stephens the l>ook-
keeper. Committee appointed to see the money due in August and
September paid ; and to consider of some fit act or penalty against
defaulters. Difference concerning the wages of Wm. Starkey, chief
factor at Bantam ; his profits and the money he left at Bantam to
be settled by arbitration.

July 22. Present only the adventurers who have undertaken
the fourth and fifth voyages. Two ships at least to be forthwith
provided by Christmas next, and timber for preparing two great
ships for the following year; a stock of 25,000^. to be brought in
for that purpose. Only 50 adventurers for these two voyages,
except such as shall be taken under them, whose adventure is to be
at least 100/.; authority to them to set forth these two voyages,
who by themselves, or those under them, shall adventure in the
fourth voyage 500/. each, and 10 percent, for preparing two great
ships against Christmas twelvemonth. A court to be warned to
know who will adventure in these two voyages.

July 24-. The 50 adventurers to be given till Tuesday (4th Aug.)
to take in men under them ; those who desire to be of the number
to give in their names to the governor by Tuesday 28th instant.
Committee appointed to confer with Mr. Burrell about docking the
Ascension. George Whitmore's stock to be set over to Robert
Chilcoet's account. Actions against such adventurers as refuse to
pay for spices. Complaint to be made to the Lords of the Council
against Sir John Spencer and Paul Bannyng for detaining money
they owe the Company. Bond concerning Edmond Scott's arbi-
tration.

July 28. The ships to be set forth to be bought and prepared
at the Company's charge and not by way of freightage. Committee
appointed to buy a ship to join the Ascension to go the voyage.
Trusty servants to be hired to do all the business of setting forth the
voyage, who are to give security. Committee appointed to provide
timber, &c,, for the two great ships, and for repair of those to be
made ready by Christmas next. Richard Atkinson, servant to the
governor, who is to give security, to be cashier. A place to salt

EAST INDIES. 157

IG07.

victuals. Edward Allen, content to adventure 5501. in the fourth
and fifth voyages, sworn a free brother.

July 29. The governor informs the meeting that it x was hoped
there would be a division of 12,000?. at least by the end of Septem-
ber, which will amount to about 100?. a share, for those who have
not had out goods upon their shares. Liberty again given to any
who will now adventure in the fourth and fifth voyages ; conditions
explained by the governor ; clivers give in their names, and by
general consent it is agreed that those voyages shall be set forth, as
it is intended, by the names of 50 adventurers. The Ascension sold
to the " New Company," for 485?. 17s. Gd. A chest to be supplied
to keep the money of these two voyages by itself. Ten per cent, of
each 500?. adventure to be paid in by 20th Aug. next, and the 5001
at three several payments as shall be agreed upon. Names to be
selected from for an agent and servants for managing the business
of the voyages.

July 31. Rich. Mountney elected husband, with a salary of 801.
per annum, sworn a free brother, to put in security for 500/.
Wm. Evans and Andrew Holdip, adventurers, also sworn. Sir
James Deane's stock of 200?. in the three voyages, to be set over to
And. Holdip. [Sixteen pages and a half. Court B., IL, 37-45.]

Aug. 1-8. 375. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Repair of the
Ascension. Committee to view three ships and report the price.

Aug. 3. The Union or the Unity to be bought. Some of the
Company to set down their adventure. Admission of Rich. Stronge-
tharme, an adventurer of 2751. in the fourth voyage.

Aug. 5.- Authority to buy the Union. Carpenters to repair the
Union and Ascension. Admission of Martin Freeman.

Aug. 8. The ships to be viewed. Sir Leonard Hallyday to be
persuaded to pay the money he owes the Company, or else an
action to be entered against him. [Tivo pages and a half. Court
Bk., IL, 45-46. j

Aug. "!$ 376. Hugh Lee to Salisbury. Three caracks expected from the
Lisbon. East Indies, one safely arrived at the Terceiras. News of a great
fight at Malacca between the Viceroy and the Hollanders, who were
1 1 sail. Four of the best ships of each grappled together, and were all
sunk without a creature being saved on either side ; the other seven
Hollanders escaped, the Viceroy's fleet chasing them. It is given
out that the Viceroy is 40 sail strong, and has recovered all those
islands from the Hollanders ; but the report is " scant holden for
true/' and it is thought the Hollanders have prevailed and done the
Portugals great harm. The Portugal merchants that trade there very
sad and pensive, and heartily hope the peace with the Hollanders
will be concluded. See No. 369. [Extract from Correspondence,
Portugal.']

Aug. 13-28. 377. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Tristram
Eldred's accounts for the third voyage to be audited. The Union
bought for 1,250?. Two carpenters hired, also Tristram Eldred

158 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G07.

and John Waldow, each to have a salary of !()/. per annum. All
servants to put in security. Anchors, if required, to be provided at
Lubeck. Offer of Thos. Pickhouse, who will adventure 550Z., to be
master of one of the ships. Lemon water, " alligant " from Alicante,
a wine very tit for beverage and good against the flux, and old
corn, &e, to be provided with expedition. Purchase of timber.
Koch adventurer to pay in 50J. at once'

Aug. 21. Agreement for the workmen's wages, and appointment of
two of the Company to overlook the ship's works. Hie Union
thought fit by the Governor and Sir Jas. Lancaster to go the voyage
though her repairs will probably be costly. Names added to the
committee for buying timber and building a great ship for the fifth
voyage. Suit of Marty n [John?] Rodrigoe the Indian. One ship
only of 700 or 800 tons to be built by Christmas, 1608. Any
under adventurer of 100Z. or upwards to be admitted of the Com-
pany for the fourth voyage ; John Hide sworn a free brother
accordingly.

Aug. 28. John Cowper, an adventurer under Martin Freeman,
and Christ. Fysher, Francis Haddon, and Richard Evans, under
Thos. White, sworn free brethren. Carpenters' wages. Canary and
Alicante wines to be provided for the next voyage. Building of
the new ship; Mr. Burrell to be the chief director, and have 120J.
for his pains. A dock and yard at Deptford hired for 30Z. a year.
The husband of the Company to be provided with money from time
to time. Proportion of men and other things needful for the two
shipj to be prepared against Christmas. Win. Leighton, secretaiy
to the third voyage, to have a yearly salary of 16. from the new
adventurers for the fourth and fifth voyages. [Seven pages and a
quarter. Court ttk., II., 40-50.]

Sept. 1-22. 378. Court Minutes of the East India Company. The 50 adven-
turers who have already written for 5501. each, plainly declaring
that they will not be tied to adventure further in a fifth voyage, it
is ordered that the money already adventured shall be wholly em-
ployed in setting forth two ships only at Christmas next and for
building one ship or shipping for the year following. Thos. Cutler,
an adventurer of 5501., admitted, as also John Holloway and Wm.
Walton, each adventuring 183/. 0*. 8(7. under him; Rich. Fusse is
likewise admitted under John Bonham. John Grimoton hired.

Sept. 4. Payment of 6,000/. by the adventurers of the third
voyage to the old stock. The Earl of Cumberland's debt of 4957.
for two supplies to the second voyage. Money owing l>y Mr. Cordell,
Win. Chambers, Sir Leonard Hallyday, Mr. Leat, Sir Tlios. Cam bell,
and Mr. Staper. Difference in Wm. Starkey's accounts. Beads and
cloth, " very much moth eaten/' sold to the governor Sir Thos. Smy the
for 3. 5s. for the Virginia voyage. Discharge of 601. " broke "
upon Airs. Oftiey Zuw Lady Bromley's accounts. The remainder
of the spices to be sold. Mr. Paslowe to render an account.

Sept. 5. Proportion of provisions to be prepared by the persons
mentioned for the fourth voyage. Each adventurer to pay to the

EAST INDIES. 159

1607.

governor or Rich. Atkinson, appointed cashier, his 5001. by four
equal monthly payments, the first of 125?. by end of September, and
the last by 31st December. To confer with Mr. Grove to go as
master of one of the ships, Mr. Hiccocke's kinsman as mate, and
Jos. Salbancke as purser. Factors and masters to be agreed with.
Mr. Greet's dock at Deptford to be hired at 201. a year. John
Harper and Henry Guie admitted under Geo. Bennett, one of the
50 adventurers.

Sept. 9. Mr. Cordell's account. All the adventurers in the third
voyage to be summoned to agree upon payment of 6,000?. to the old
stock. Accounts of the last voyage to be cleared. Conditions for
payment of 1001. dividend upon every single share of 2501. of the
old adventurers. Request of Sir Jas. Lancaster for an allowance at
Michaelmas next of 2,000?. for his profit of adventure " for that he
hath then some extraordinary occasion of use thereof."

Sept. 22. Grove, the master, his mate, and a purser to be con-
ferred with to go the voyage. Committee appointed to set down a
fit proportion of provisions for shipping and merchandise. 80 oxen
thought needful for the voyage. Thos. Whiteley, one of the 50 ad-
venturers, sworn a free brother. [Ten pages. Court Bk., II., 50-55.]

Oct. 5-21. 379. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Arbitration
in Wm. Styles' difference with the Company. Difference with
W. Palmer. Complaint by Peter Palmer and Mr. Hawes of defects
in spices sold to them. Assistance to the treasurer to bring money.
Demands of Christopher Vincent, purser in the third voyage.
1,500?. allowed to Sir Jas. Lancaster upon account, " in regard of
his former good service and his council given and to be given to the
Company." Interest due by And. Bannyng, executor of John Hum-
frey. A second dividend of 100?. per share ordered to such of the
old adventurers as have not had out spices. Ships' stores.

Oct. 14. Wm. Gotten admitted an adventurer by patrimony.
Anthony Mosley's adventure and freedom set over to Wm. Preistley,
on his paying 40s. to the poor. Committee to gratify such as have
taken extraordinary pains. For supply and payment of C,OOOZ. and
interest to the old stock by the adventurers in the third voyage.
Touching an Act for bringing in money as it becomes due.

Oct. 21. Admission of Edward Beale an adventurer under
Richard Beale of 275?. for the fourth voyage. Committee appointed
to confer with Wm. Clarke and Wm. Brewer to go as principal
factors, and with Mr. Combar as surgeon with extraordinary allow-
ance. Regulations for bringing in the 550?. and penalties to be
incurred by defaulters, it having been so ordered that all things will
be ready for the ships to depart on 5th January next. [Five pages.
Court Bk., II., 55-58.]

Oct. i| 380. John Jude to Thos. Wilson, secretary to Salisbury. Report

Madrid. that the Spaniards have sustained great loss in the East Indies by

the hands of the Hollanders, to wit five galleons and well nigh

5,000 men, which, if true, is thought in those places a wound almost

incurable. [Extract from Correspondence, Spain.]

160 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G07.

Nov. 2-3. 381. Court Minutes of the East India Comyany. The officers
of the navy to be satisfied for planks, masts &c. had out of the
Kind's storehouse in 1GOO. Account of Thos. Alabaster; his
money to be paid to Wm. Brownlow. Accounts of Oliver Styles,
Win. Green well, the deputy governor, Mr. L} ng, and others, for
the third voyage to be audited. For calling in money due at
Michaelmas last for the Dragon, Hector, and goods at Bantam.
Difference between Edinond Scott and the Company. Committee
appointed to be suitors to the Lords of the Council against such as
refuse or defer to pay money due to the Company. 1,00(). offered
by Sir John Spencer in payment for nutmegs to be received.

Nov. 3. Win. Kobinson admitted an adventurer under Hum-
phrey Kobinson, for the fourth voyage ; as also Dr. Leonard Poe
under Win. Compton. Committee for choice of officers and sailors.
John Waldow to keep account of the new stores at Ratclitfe. No
ordinary, " but all extraordinary iron," to be provided ; also beer.
Win. Compton, an adventurer of 550., sworn of the society. Thos.
Bramley's adventure set over bv Agnes Smyth to Ilobt. Saiidye.
[Four page*. Court Bk., II., 58-00.]

Nov. -?, 3. 382. Hugh Lee to Thos. Wilson. Peace with Holland much
Lisbou. desired by the Portugals, they having received great damage from
the Hollanders in the East Indies ; at Malacca most of the principal
Portuguese gentlemen in the Indies were slain, besides four of the
best galleons the Viceroy had there, burnt, who was compelled to set
fire to the rest to prevent them being taken by the Hollanders. It
is said that the Hollanders have joined with the King and people of
the country, which is the way to trouble the Portugals above all
others. The chief gentlemen of Portugal, having the King's
" incomendos," are thereupon summoned to appear at the Court of
Spain within 14- days. [Extract from Correspondence, Portugal.]

Nov. 13-18. 383. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Bramley's
adventure. Money due by Sir John Spencer. Petition of Thos.
Evesett, beadle, for increase of wages ; and of Mr. Stephens, account
keeper, complaining of abuse from Evesett, who is rebuked. Loan
to the wives of some gone in the third voyage to be defalcated
out of their husbands' wages. 40. .allowed to Mr. Dewies for fol-
lowing the Bill in Parliament .against the abuse of sailors. Money
warrants to be made by the bookkeeper as formerly. Whether men
may be admitted of the Company by adventurers in the fourth
and fifth voyages, or by the old adventurers only. Committee to
agree with Sir Henry Middleton who seems inclined to go the fourth
voyage.

Nov. 18. Agreement with Phillip Grove to go master in one of
the ships, to have the benefit of 550/. adventure in the joint stock,
1*25^. for necessaries, and 5/. a month for his harbour wages .and
allowance of boat hire from this day. Agreement with Griffin
Mori-ice to go master in the Union, with Edinond White, Thomas
Musgrave, and John Laskin, mates. [Three jxigrcs and a quarter.
Cowrt Ilk., //., 60-G1.]

EAST INDIES. l6l

1607.

Nov. 2-k 384. Sir Chas. Cornwaleys to Salisbury. Arrival of twenty-one
Madrid. hawks from the Indies for the King of Spain, which lie means to
present to King James, and has entreated the writer to send them
safely by sea. [Extract from Corresp., Spain.']

Nov. 24-30. 385. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Committee to
examine the ships in dock. George Pitt admitted an adventurer
under Thos. Whiteley. Names of persons recommended for chief
factors ; committee to agree with them. Agreement with Thos.
Soule for live years as purser's mate, or other employment.

Nov. 30. Cordage lately had of the Muscovy Company for the
use of the adventurers to the value of about 2,OUO. Humphrey
Hawes and Richard Brooke admitted adventurers under Rich Iron-
syde. To confer with those nominated for chief factors, especially
with Mr. Sharpie. Wages of the four factors and four pursers and
their mates ; their numbers to be increased if need be. Geo.
Sheather agreed with, to go the fourth voyage, as a surgeon's mate.
Mr. Henshawe to be conferred with about the payment of his adven-
ture of 550^. Robt. Brooke allowed to adventure 550?. For providing
a pinnace to go with the ships. [Three pages and a half. Court
Bk., //., 61-63.]

Dec. 3-1 6. 386. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Committee to
prepare a pinnace to go this voyage. Gresham Howgan admitted
an adventurer under Thos. Styles. Robt. More, gunner, and Roger
Booth, gunner's mate, hired for the voyage. Geo. Sheather to give
his answer on Monday next whether he will go surgeon's mate.

Dec. 4. A pinnace of 80 tons to be appraised and purchased if
approved. Geo. Sheather, esteemed insufficient, is dismissed.
Mr. Brooke, kinsman to Sir Thos. Lowe's wife, recommended as a
factor, being skilful in the Spanish and Italian tongues, and
a traveller. Shirts and shoes necessary for the voyage, to be
provided.

Dec. 7. Richard Rowles agreed with to go as Cape merchant, or
next under in this voyage ; his allowance. Touching a pinnance.
Four factors chosen. Wm. Revett and Geoffrey Carlille to go in the
first ship; John Jourdainand Phillip Glascocke in the second ; their
allowance ; to give in their answers to-morrow. Names of factors
and pursers to be agreed with if occasion so fall out. Discourse of
Mr. Cumber, who had been as surgeon with the Netherlanders at
Bantam. The Dutch preparing 15 vessels to be ready to sail by
1st Jan. next for Malacca, to help their distressed ships, where they
intend to stay one month and intercept the Portuguese junks. Hope
of good lading for ships going to Bantam before them. The Dutch
had discovered to him all their places of rendezvous. Complaint
against Phillip Grove and Edmond Scott, that they had not informed
the Company how he told them of certain spices before the Hol-
landers ; Cumber's punishment. 25 he had of Sir Wm. Romney for
maps and instructions given last year. Advises the Company not
to send a pinnace but two shallops ; small hope of trade at
Cambaya because of the Portuguese, who command the waters

162 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1C07.

there, and the ]>eople there cannot be trusted Intends to go for
Mozambique, where he knows there is good hope of trade. Will
shortly go to the Low Countries, where he will be ready to do the
ComjMiny any service ; but they conceived he had already instructed
them as largely as he can, the instructions having been given to
the generals of the last ships before their departure.

J3 t . c . 9 A shallop of 18 tons to l>e prepared for the voyage and
not a pinnace, by advice of Sir Jas. Lancaster and Mr. Burrell.
Richard Howies, examined by Sir Ja.s. Lancaster as to his iitness,
appointed to go as chief man it the second ship ; his half-pay to
l>egin from this day. Rowles and others to take certain young men
offered to the Company to be trained for future service.

Dec. 12. Richard Kenn to go purser at 2Ql. per annum, and
continue in the Company's service five years if they please. Rich.
Wickham, elected factor in place of Phil. Glascocke. Agreement for
making a shallop for 53/. Inquiry for a preacher. Candidates for
surgeon's mate. Mr. Rowles to look for a surgeon. Gunner's room
in the Ascension. Lawrence Femell cannot go as general this
voyage. A court to be summoned for choice of " a chief man " to
go the voyage.

Dec. 15. Concerning the election of " a chief roan." Mr. Sharpie
to be made acquainted with Rowles' agreement; the Company
willing to do the like with Sharpie, who is to give his answer
to-morrow. Sam. Broadshawe engaged for the Company's service
nt home or abroad, as they see fit, at 161. per annum. Daniel
Burrell, at his own earnest solicitation and with his father's consent,
to be allowed to go the voyage "as a voluntary man" without
wages, all places fit for him being already supplied ; he is to adveii-
ture 200J. in the general stock, but abstain from private trade, and
to have on his return, by way of gift, a piece of plate of the value
of "2()L Tristram Eldred, for his loose dealing with the Company,
to give in his accounts, and deliver up the remainder of the stores
in his custody. Committee appointed to consider and draw out the
commissions and letters as well from His Majesty as from the
Company. Harsh proceedings of Grove ; design of supplying his
place. To consider of some fit course for drawing the ships on land
to be free from danger of the ice.

Dec. 16. Mr. Sharpie to be hired as chief man to go the voyage ;
the wages to be offered him not to exceed \Ql. per month, and 501.
for his provision to sea. \Ten pages. Court Bk., II., 63-68.]

Dec. 16. 387. Gabriel Towerson to the East India Company. Gave an
Bantam. account in his last of 4th October of the state of " our business,"
of all cloth sold, debts owing, and pepper in store. Captain David
Middleton arrived with the Consent of London on 14-th November,
now gone to the Moluccas and Banda, taking with him Henry
Sydall and Augustin Spalding, interpreter for Bantam. Account of
goods discharged at Bantam by Capt. Middleton. Arrival of the
Dutch Admiral Mataliphe, who seized a Chinese junk for trading at
Tornatta [Ternate ?] with the Spaniards, and took the pilot with him

EAST INDIES. 163

1607,

on his voyage. Places visited by the Hollanders on the coast of China ;
at Maccan [?Macao] six great caracks "fitted to fight" obliged the Hol-
landers to flee ; at Canton they sent ashore their Chinese f>ilot, with
letters to entreat trade, but were forced to run again and leave their
messenger behind, being pursued and beaten from the coast by the
Portugals. Further proceedings of the Dutch ; great danger of the
sinking of a pinnace built in the bay of St. Lucia where the
carack of Admiral Warwick was fain to seek for succour. " Threats
and brags " of the Hollanders, if Captain David Middleton offered
any succour to the Spaniards ; the captain's answer. Arrival of
1G men of Siam, sent by the King on an embassy to the King of
Holland ; the admiral gave them very little countenance, being
angry with the merchant that brought them ; doubtful whether
he will take them to Holland or send them back again. The Gil-
derland of Holland and other vessels arrived, visited Marotta
between the main and Madagascar, took a small ship of Mocha, and
sailed to Calicut, where they went ashore to request the King that
they might trade with his people, which was granted on condition
they should help him in his wars ; this the Flemings refused to do,
but gave him good words and a present and departed. A Portugal
ship chased ashore by the Hollanders and all the company drowned
but two or three. The Porlugals have a strong fort at Corracoreen
[?Tuticorin], lying in 8 deg. [Two pages and a half, injured by
damp. Indorsed, " Received 14 Sept., 1608." Read 19 Sept.,
see No. 418. 0. 0., Vol. /., No. 2.]

Dec. 23. 388. Court Minutes of the East India Company. For payment
of 300?. to Sir Jas. Lancaster and 200?. to Sir John Watts out of
Mr. Alabaster's account. Paul Bannyng's accounts. Mr. Chambers'
debt ; his request to have it defalcated out of the fifth division
denied. Committees appointed to confer about sending any letters
or instructions to those employed in the East Indies by the ad-
venturers of the third voyage. 50?. to be paid to Hugh Hamersley,
the purchaser of the share of Thos. Tried, deceased. Lumber to be
sold and payment made to John Gee, on account of John Rodrigoe,
deceased. About Mr. Bramley's adventure and Agnes Smyth ; to
whom the money should be paid. Gratuities to be equally borne
by the adventurers in the first three voyages. The remainder of
the spices to be sold. [Two pages and a half. Court Bk., II.,
68-69.]

Dec. 28. 389. Licence for the Governor and Company of East India Mer-
chants to transport out of the realm all such foreign coin as they
have procured or shall procure from beyond the seas, not exceeding
the value of 20,000?., without new coining or altering the stamp ;
to be employed in their intended fourth voyage to the East Indies.
[Docquet. DOMESTIC, Jac. I., Cal., p. 391.]

1607. Dec. 31.

1608. Jan. io. 390. John Jude to Thos. Wilson. Fourteen or fifteen ships
Madrid, preparing at Lisbon to go next spring to the East Indies, with

purpose to repair the losses received there by the Hollanders, and
the hope of utterly rooting them out of those parts. [Extract from
Correspondence, Spain.}

164 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1C07?

" From our 391. " King Abbas [of Persia], the servant of the King of Kings,"
Uojal Court." ^ n ^j u , Ki,,g o f England. After the usual eastern compliments,
" leaving aside your greatness," the King gives His Majesty to
understand that ;us thuy are equals, their friendships ought to be
united as one. Certain religious men, sent from some of the great
Christian potentates for the stronger confirmation of the King's
brotherhood, have arrived iu safety, and been willingly heard. The
King thought of sending one of his own subjects to answer the
Christian Princes ; but having great confidence in Robert Sherley,
u to us most dear and beloved," who has been many years in t;ie
King's service, he is sent to all the Christian Princes, " because he
understands our state, kingdom, and what we desire." Is ready
with a potent army to assault the Turk, " to the end he might be
wholly ruinated," and is determined to blot out his name, " so shall
the Christians and our confines be united, and as neighbours grow
strong in friendship." Commendations of Sherley; prays His Ma-
jesty to honour and favour him for the writer's sake. Desires con-
fidential ministers may pass between the two kingdoms to confirm
and establish their friendship, and give news one to the other. If
there is anything in the Persian kingdom serviceable to His Ma-
jesty he is to command it freely. " From our Royal Court, in the
month of Rammizan (sic), in the year of our great Prophet Mahomet
a thousand and nineteen." [Ear/link translation. Royal Let"
ters, Turkey and Persia, 1st series, p. 171. Printed in " The Sherley
Brothers," for the RoscburgJie Club, j>p. GO, Gl. Indorsed, " i. e.,
A. D. 1607. The King of Persia's letter to His Majesty, in English.
Presented at Hampton Court the 1st of Oct. 1G11, by Mr. Robert
Sherley, ambass 1 ". from that King to His Majesty."]

1 G07 ? 392. King Abbas [of Persia] to Lord Treasurer Salisbury. In
favour of Capt. Powell, who has been long in the Persian
dominions and understands much of the King's state and forces,
having been in the company of Robt. Sherley and done great service
in all the King's actions, sieges, and battles against the Turks.
Capt. Powell, who returns with Robt. Sherley, " Our Ambassador to
all Christian Princes," can satisfy all demands, and tell how much
the King of Persia loves and respects Christianity, and especially
the English nation, and how desirous the King is for Christians to
frequent his dominions. Desires that ministers of confidence may
pass to and fro to strengthen the love and friendship between
the two Kings, \0rig. in Persian. Royal letters, Turkey and
Persia 1st series, pp. 170,172. Indorsed, "Letter of the King
of Persia to my Lo. Treasurer in behalf of Captain Powel. R".
1st of Oct. 1611," with an English translation. See " The SJterley
Brothers," p. 61.]

1608.

Jan. 2-29. 393. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Admission of
Thos. Jeofieries and John Stoks, each under adventures of 1 IQl. Elias
Broadshawe and [John] Grimston to be paid for their work about the
ships. Tritsram Eldrick's accounts to be dismissed, and his yearly
allowance of 40. to cease. John Waldow's services to be dispensed

EAST INDIES. 165

1608.

with on 25th March next. Those who do not give bond before
going the voyage to be discharged. Thos. Cave to go as servant
under the general.

Jan. 12. Admission of Wra. Stoderd, adventurer of 206?., under
Richard Deane. Forty shillings given to the widow of Samuel
Taylor, who was hurt in the ships and is since dead. To agree
with a preacher to go the voyage. Request of [Rich.] Rowles for a
better allowance to sea than 40?. ; recommends Goad as fit for a
master's mate. Mr. Sharpie to be engaged to go the voyage as
general at ] 01. per month, and 100 marks for his provision to sea.
To hire another fit merchant. Forty shillings reward to those who
took extraordinaiy pains with the Ascension when in great danger
last evening by extremity of the ice. John St. Andrew to attend
the general or lieutenant-general during the voyage, is content to
adventure 150?.

Jan. 15. Robt. Waadson and Rich. Howse, each adventuring
110?., under Humphrey Robinson, and Geo. Holman under Jef.
Kirby, sworn free brethren. Thos. Blage chosen master's mate.
Woodcott not thought fit to be employed in the voyage ; Clarke to
be conferred with. Agreement with Sharpie for the voyage, who
wishes his brother to go with him as servant ; he and Rowles to
give bonds for 500?. each, ns others had formerly done. Provisions.
Whether wine is more fit than cider. Building of the pinnace.

Jau. 19. Thos. Joanes, boatswain of the Ascension, dismissed.
Alexander Sharpie, general, to be allowed to adventure in the fourth
voyage 100?., and Richard Rowles, lieutenant-general, 100 marks.
[/?i the margin,] Sharpie offers to adventure 200?. in the general
stock. Increase of Rowles' allowance from 81. to 91. per month, and
his provision to sea from 40?. to 60?. Pickled beef and mutton to be
provided for the voyage. Gunners stores ; six field targets for
better defence and safety of the men when they go ashore. Factors
arid others to give bond.

Jan. 22. Averie Drausfield and John Gearing, having each ad-
ventured 110?. under Jeof. Kirby, sworn free members. Agreement
with Fras. Shapton to go as preacher, with a salary of 33?. 6s. Sd.
per annum, and 20?. for his provision to sea. Richard Reave, chosen
factor, for his skill in trade and languages, to have 4?. per month
wages, and 10?. provision for sea. Robt. Giles, recommended as a
factor, referred ; Lucas thought unfit. Phillip Glascocke again
elected a factor. Quality and quantity of the provisions ; iron,
lead, and other weighty commodities to be sent.

Jan. 26. Sir Edward Michelborne's account of the fittest places for
trade in India ; has found by experience that man's health is best
preserved " by labour and refreshing out of the ships," and in the hot-
test places by having plenty of meat and drink. Aden being a garrison
town of soldiers, much peril and small hope of trade may be expected
there ; but about ten miles off is a town called Mocha, governed
by merchants only, a place of special trade, right over against
which is an island called Kedgee, where there is a good harbour and

166 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1608.

water. Dangers at Surat ; the Portuguese have the sole command
of those seas, ami all people pay them tribute. The King of Cam-
baya resides two months' journey from Surat ; the bar shallow.
Two days' sail from Surat, at Lawrie in the River Syndus, is a good
harbour ; and two miles up the bay, " in a great city like London
called Nigertuttie," is plenty of indigo, calico, and other merchan-
dise; the people there are free, and governed by King Acabar, who
resides at Agree, some forty miles off. If our people l>ehave them-
selves, ample and profitable trade may be had there, where cloth
is in great request. Will inform Sharpie and Howies of the par-
ticulars. Jecketta, in the River Syndus, a fit place " to right
ourselves of such of those people that should offer us any wrong."
Bread for twenty-four months to be provided ; number of men,
including generals, factors, mariners, and others, 75 in the Ascen-
sion, and 05 in the Union. The men already hired, with their
sureties, to be examined, and those found unfit displaced. Law-
rence Pegion hired as surgeon in the Ascension, at 33s. 4rZ. per
month and 17/. to furnish his chest to sea, and Thos. Yonger,
surgeon's mate, at 20.s. per month only. A surgeon to be hired
for the Union. Wages of Wm. Revett, a factor, not to be in-
creased. Committee to prepare presents to be sent to the Princes
in the Indies. Fras. Shearer and Giles, suitors to be employed
as factors.

Jan. 29. Difference about Bramley's adventure. The governor
entreated to deal with Win. Revett, a factor. Giles to be told
the places are full for this voyage. Admission of Stephen Harvie,
adventurer of 5501. A becond preacher to be hired. Steel for the
voyage. Thos. Cave to be bound to the Company for five years.
Sam. Broadshawe to attend Mr. Rowles, the lieutenant-general.
[Eleven pages. Court Bk., II., 69-75.

Jan. 31. 394. Commission for Alexander Sharpey and Richard Rowles to
govern such as are to go to the East Indies, and in case of necessity
to execute martial law, the one as governor the other as lieutenant;
prohibiting them from offering injury or violence to the subjects
of any foreign prince in their voyage, or surpisiug any ships or
goods, unless justly provoked and in their own defence, or for re-
covery of His Majesty's subjects or their goods already in or near
the East Indies. [Docquet DOMESTIC, Jac. I., Cai, p.

Feb. 5-9. 395. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Peter Coxe,
reported very skilful in the art of navigation, desires to be a factor,
referred. Advance of salary to Mr. Tyndall, a preacher. Placing of the
generals, preachers, and factors. Mr. Sharpie to deliver the King's
letters and presents to the Princes and Governors in India ; his ap-
parel to be made, or an allowance granted. Agreement with Wm.
Revett for 41. per month, and WL. provision to sea. Refusal of Thos.
Blage to go as master's mate. For payment of imprests. The ships not
to stay at Gravesend, but sail directly for the Downs. Compensa-
tion to the master of a hoy for damages. The woreer sort of ryals

EAST INDIES. 167

1608,

to be carried to India, " being better cheap than the others." Per-
mission to John St. Andrew, an adventurer of 550?., to go the
voyage without any allowance.

Feb. 9. Sir Henry Lillo, an adventurer of 137?. LO-9., under
Stephen Harvey, sworn a free brother. Agreement with Ralph
Wilson to go as m.-ister's mate. Head pieces, targets, and corslets to
be sent to India for presents to the Princes. Admission of Abraham
Cartwright, an adventurer of 200?. under Thos. Symonds. Ordnance
to be taken out of the Tower. [Three pages. Court Bk., //.,
75-76.]

Feb. 10. 396. John Jude to Thos. Wilson. Arrival of an ambassador from
Madrid. the King of Persia, with rich presents to the King and Queen of
Spain. It is thought he comes to incite the King to some enter-
prize against the Turk, and to join in confederation with the King
of Persia for that purpose. [Extract from Corresp., Spain]

Feb. 12-26. 397. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Duplicate of
the commissions to Sharpie and Howies to remain with the
former until their departure. Ordnance had out of the Tower to be
tried. For taking the ships to Blackwall, and sending one or two
of " our people" overland from Aden or Cambaya, by way of the
Caspian Sea, for England ; but nothing concluded. Four gowns of
cloth of silver, and one of velvet, offered for sale by Sir Henry Lillo,
to be used as presents in India. Liberty of private trade to factors ;
conditions.

Feb. ]6. Bonds in the deputy's custody. The Earl of Cumber-
land's request concerning interest of the money supplied by his
brother. Tristram Eldrick's accounts. Old stores to be appraised. Bills
of adventure for the third voyage. Mr. Lyng's accounts. Those
owing money to the old stock, due at Michaelmas last, to be charged
10 per cent, interest. Founders' Hall not to be used after Lady
Day next. Letters and directions for the Indies touching the third
voyage. To prevent confusion in the accounts of the third and
fourth voyages. 30?. to Mr. Sharpie for his apparel extraordinary.
Sir Henry Middleton's cloth of gold offered for 30s. a yard, unfit for
the Company's use. Offer of Capt. Mellis, of Plymouth, to go as a
pilot.

Feb. 19. Agreement with Gabriel Brooke to go the voyage as a
voluntary man, at 20s. a month. Men appointed to stay aboard
the ships day and night, to see things faithfully done. Request of
Phillip de Graeff (Grove), master of the Ascension, to have the
same authority as when he went with Sir Jas. Lancaster or Sir
Henry Middleton ; committee to confer with him. Capt. Mellis to
be hired to assist the general. Request of old Lady Cumberland to
be an adventurer this voyage ; to be accepted on bringing in 110?.
or upwards. Two Indians waiting upon Sir Edward Michelborne,
vvho are '*' sufficient sailors, and skilful in the sounding in the Indies
by the earth and fish if need be in any fog/' to be hired if Sir
Edward is willing to depart (sic) with them. Order to buy certain

168 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1008.

on ps, esteemed a profitable commodity in the Indies. For auditing
Triftram Eldric-k's accounts of the fourth voyage,

Feb. 22. Adventurers in the third voyage agree not to send any
ships to India until those return which were sent last year, or
certain knowledge of them had. Committee to consider of letters
and instructions for Bantam, on account of the third voyage.
Adventurers of the fourth and fith voyages, " loth to be any \viiy
di.itastefull," content to admit any of the former adventurers in the
third voyage.

Feb. 23. Sir Edward Michelborne desires that his Indians may
never be sent home to their country, but rather earned to some
other places ; the younger having lately ran away, Sir Edward has
a warrant to apprehend him. Dearness of the caps to be purchased
of Mr. Leate ; order to buy 10 or 12 doztn for a trial. Mr. Diggins
offers to go in the ships to the Land's End and to nominate a pilot
for the Union. Officers before going to sea, to give an inventory of
all things they have received to Mr. Sharpie. Richard Mellis hired
as master's mate at 51. a month and 201. imprest

Feb. 2G. All men in the ships to be mustered, and those " found
unneedful or insufficient by their weakness, or otherwise," to be dis-
placed. Accounts for provisions to be brought in. Any wishing to
increase their adventure of 550/. to do s-o out of hand. Thos.
Stephens to see what is owing to Grove upon former voyages.
Private trade to the amount of '2ol each allowed to Samuel Bruad-
shawe, a factor, and Simon Tyndall, preacher. 2G.s\ 8d. per cwt.
allowed for cordage Entry to be made in the Custom House of all
goods sent this fourth voyage. The ships to fall down to Wolledge
[Woolwich] on Wednesday next ; the ships' companies to be then
ready. [Twelve page* and a half. Court Bk., //., 76-82.]

March 1. 398. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Advance of
wages to Edmond Whittle [? White, see No. 383], master's mate,
and to John Elinor. Rich. Clarke, master's mate, " being no way
able to set himself to sea," with certain others, dismissed. Geof.
Carlille's request for 10/. Thos. Joanes and Gilbert Lee, boatswains,
to have each a present of 80s. for faithful service, [One page and
a quarter. Court BL, II., p. 83.]

March 3. 399. Rowland Whyte to Sir Thos. Lake, A great jar between
Baynard's Castle, the Commissioners at the Hague ; they could not agree in the point
of trallic to the East Indies, but they now assemble again and
fall to treat of other articles, leaving the point of traffic unde-
cided till they hear out of Spain. The States stand stifly to be
sovereigns of that part in India which now they possess. [Extract
from DOMESTIC Cvrrenp., Jac. /., Vol. A'A'A'/., A'o. 05. CaL, p 411.]

March 4-5. 400. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Gratuity to
Robt. Moore, master gunner of the Union, for his extraordinary
pains about trial of the ordnance. Thos. Sonic allowed ]()/. for
private trade, because of his charges for sea instruments. Advance
of wages to the coopers to purchase tools. To clear and pay the
custom house officers and make ready the invoices. Committee to

EAST INDIES.

169

1608.

go to the Downs with the ships and see the men paid half wages.
About finishing the Company's commissions. Ward ford and Give to
be again hired. Wm. Jenny ngs an adventurer of 100/. under
Wm. Bonham.

March 5. The Company's commissions to Alex. Sharpey and
Rich. Rowles, dated last day of February [sic ? January see No. 39^.]
read and allowed ; the blanks for the factors' names left to be filled
in at the general's discretion. The general and lieut.-general to
make especial use of Joseph Salbancke in their council. Spanish
money for the Ascension and Union. Lime, patterns of raw silk, and
" carractors " for writing overland, to be prepared and sent with the
ships. Mr. Browiismith, the preacher, to be hired in place of the
young man formerly agreed \vith. [Tivo pages and a half.
Court Bk., II., 83-84.]

March y\. 401. Richard Cocks to Thos. Wilson. News from Lisbon that
Bayonne. for certain 12 great ships were ready prepared full of men, and
were reported to go for the Moluccas to rout out the Flemings.
Thinks it very unlikely, and, in his simple judgment rather doubts,
they may be pretended for Ireland. [Extract from Corresp.,
Spain.]

March T V 402. Richard Cocks to Thos. Wilson. Report amongst the

Bayonne. Flemings that the States men-of-war in the East Indies have taken

a place called Malacca, wherein the Viceroy was taken prisoner. In

the margin " ifc was written Molaca, but I think it be an idle

report.'' Extract from Corresp., Spain]

March 8-1 S. 403. Court Minutes of the East India Company. The money to
be taken on board to-morrow. Advances to Sam. Broadshawe,
Rich. Mellis, and Mathias Baker.

March 11. The King's letters, commissions, and safe conduct, and
copies in English, delivered to Mr. Sharpie, with an express admoni-
tion not to deal in any other way than by honest merchandise.
Sir Wm. Rornney to be dealt with to have the characters for the
Company's men to write overland from the Indies, and to provide
patterns of raw silk. Gratification to Joseph Salbancke. John
Waldow's accounts to be audited.

March 12. Letter from the adventurers in the third voyage to
their factors at Bantam or elsewhere, agreed to ; also as to factors
of the fourth voyage left in the Indies, where those of the third
voyage are resident. For a book to set down adventurers for the
voyage next year.

March 15. John Poole, victualler in South wark, desirous to go
to the East Indies to defeat his creditors ; neither he nor any such
to be employed. Admission of Mr. Harrison and Mr. Hamersley re-
ferred. Adventurers of the fourth voyage to be summoned on Friday.

March 18. A fifth voyage to the East Indies to be prepared with
convenient expedition by the adventurers of the fourth voyage,
and a book to be offered to every one of them to set down 5001.
each at least for that purpose. Committee appointed to inquire for

170 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1608.

incn and ships fit for the Hfth voyage. Win. Harrison's admission as
an adventurer in the fourth voyage to be left to the discretion of the
governor. [/'<>? pages and a half. Court 13k., II., 84-86.]

March 5 404. John Jnde to Thos. Wilson. The fleet at Lisbon for the
Madrid- East Indies, consisting of six caracks, eleven galleons, and 5,500
landsmen, put to sea ,%th of this month, in which the Persian
Ambassador embarked for his own country, having been rewarded
by the King of Spain with 20,000 ducats. [Extract from Corresp.,
Spain.]

March 22. 405. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Letter received
from Mr. Howies from the Downs, about the Union. Covett,
steward in the Union, and others reported to have taken pewter and
other things of good value for private trade. To write about Ellis
and Cornish, and inquire for fit men for masters and mates for the
fifth vovage. About buying the Merchant Royal of Hull. [One
page. Court Bk., IL, 86.]

1G08, March, 406. " Journal kept by John Jourdain in a [fourth] voyage
to for the East Indies, set forth by the lion. Company of Merchants

lG17,June. trading the same in anno 1607 in two good ships, namely, the
Ascrnsion and Union, wherein goeth general Alexander Sharpey
and vice-admiral Capt. Rich. Rowles ; master, Phillip Grove. The
which voyage, God bless and prosper, began at the Downs near
Sandwich, the 23rd March 1G07-8 ; with an addition of all my
travels after the casting away of the Ascension until 1617 of any
worthy the writing;" including their travels from the Desert Islands
to Socotra ; what passed after landing at Aden, as also in Senan
[Sana] and Mocha; description of the strength of the city of Aden ;
arrival of the pinnace after the murder of John Luffkin, her master;
journey from Aden to Sana, with names of the chief towns passed
through ; description of Sana, where the Bashaw keeps his court ;
of their travel from Sana to Mocha ; what passed at Mocha after
their arrival ; description of the city of Mocha, with the trade and
qualities; course from Mocha to Socotra; what passed in Socotra
with the King, and after being anchored in Mua [Moha], near the Cas-
tc-lett ; setting sail from Moha and being cast away upon the shoals ;
departure from " Gandivee " towards Surat ; what passed in Surat
after the departure of their men from Agra ; travel from Surat to
Agra, with names of the places passed through, and what the towns
afford ; what passed in Agra in the time of Jourdain's being there ;
of the city of Agra, with the territory of the Great Mogul, his forces
and charge ; travels from Agra to Cambaya by way of Amadavar
[Ahmedabad], with names of the cities rested at ; from Swally to
Dabul ; description of the town and port of Dabul ; from Dabul to
the Jled Sea ; what passed at Mocha after arriving the second time ;
copy of a letter written by Sir Henry Middleton to the Great Mogul
from the Straits of Mocha in the Red Sea, in the Portugal tongue,
18th May, 1612; what passed in the voyage from Bantam to Am-
boyna ; of the country of Amboyna, Cambello, Lugho, and Lasede ; of
Boutoune [Booton] ; tedious passage from Abraoyna to Macassar ; of

172 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1608.

April 5. Additions to be henceforth inserted in the bonds of
those going to the East Indies ; touching private letters from
thence. Petition of the smiths employed on the ships' works for
extra allowance. John Waldow entertained at 40. x a year.

April 8. Admission of John Chambers, an adventurer under
Henry Bridgeman. 6Z. 13s. 4cZ. to be allowed Wm. Leighton,
secretary, for his extraordinary labours at the setting forth the
ships of the fourth voyage. [Five pages and a half. Court Bh,
II., 87-90.]

April ^-g-. 408. Hugh Lee to Thos .Wilson. Six great caraeks, six galleons,
Lisbon. and two fly boats sailed en 1-2- March last for the East Indies, taking
5,000 soldiers, two thirds being children from 12 to 16 years of age,
" the like I think hath not been seen in former ages ; " for want of
men they must supply children. They are intended for Malacca
which, since the departure of the fleet, is said to be taken by the
Hollanders. The Conde de Feria, gone in this fleet, viceroy of the
Indies, with two Englishmen, Richard Lyllyate to overlook his
provisions, and a young student, called Barnard, a Kentish man,
reported to be a good cosmographer. A Persian Ambassador is also
gone in the fleet, who has settled a friendship between the Kings of
Spain and Persia, and promised to aid the Portugals in the East
Indies with men and furniture for their wars ; it is said that the
Persian King is to become a Christian. [Extract from Corresp.,
Portugal.]

April 15-29. 409. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Wages of
Thos. Evesett. Bill of Exchange for 20?. taken up at Canterbury
Eich. Howies, lieut.-general. Diligent and speedy inquiry to be
made for shipping for the fifth voyage.

April 19. Robt. Earle to go to Hull to view the Merchant Royal.
About preparing shipping. Committee appointed to join with other
companies in their suit to the Lord Mayor to solicit the King, in
their behalf, for stay of impositions.

April 20. Request of Mr. Jennyngs for allowance for dust in the
pepper bought of the Company ; Mr. Harrison and Mr. Middleton
to report. Debts due to the Company. 50?. of the adventure of
John Casson in the third voyage to be set over to Geo. Bennett.
To conclude with the garbler. Mr. Fynitt's project to put forth
1,100?., and have five for one at his return from Aden, to be con-
sidered. 66?. 13s. 4:d. of Henry Bridgeman's adventure in the third
vo}'age to be set over to Rich. Maplesden ; also 50?. of Thos.
Alabaster's adventure to Richard Wyche.

April 22. William Williamson and Mathew Brownrigg, adven-
tures each of 193?. 6s. 8d. in the fourth voyage under Richard
Burrellj sworn free brethren. Proposition to write to the coast
towns for entertaining some of them on adventuring 500/. a man,
to be considered. Opinion of Mr. Burrell as to the shipping to be
provided ; he recommends the Defence.

EAST INDIES. 171

1608.

Macasdar; voyage from Bantam to Massapotan [Masulipatam] ; and re-
establishment in Bantam by a general court. Also, " a true relation
of the Hollanders' abuses offered to our nation in the East Indies
since the year 1612 in the time of my being in Bantam and the
Moluccas, which tend wholly to the cutting us off our trade in the
East Indies." Course from Saldanha to St. Helena, 15th March,
Hi 17, and from St. Helena to England, 5th April, 1617. [Two
hundred and thirty-Jive, jxtges. Brit. Mus., Sloane, 858. Nar-
ratives of the fourth voyage to the East Indies, written by
Thou. Jones and Henry Morris, are printed in Purchaft, I., 228,
c t scq. "A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman
that (briny cast array in the good ship called the Ascension in
Cainbaya, the farthest part of the East Indies} travelled by land
through many unknown kingdoms and great cities, with a par-
ticular dcscrijtt ion of those kingdoms, cities, and people" Ac., by
Capt. Robert Coverte, 'is printed in tJte " Ilarleian Collection of
Voyage*," II., 237-266.]

April 1-8. 407. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Private letter
read from Henry Sydall, factor at Bantam, dated 29th April, 1607,
as to the pepper there for the Company, and what the Hollanders
had done against the Portugals in those parts; further report
referred to Sir. Browne's letter to the Company. Twenty shillings
bestowed upon a " poor youth" who had formerly been in the
Company's ships with Grove in the East Indies. Money wanting
to supply the charge of the fourth voyage; arrangement for
bringing it in. For more expedition in setting down the 5001.
adventures for the fifth voyage. Gratifications to Diggins, Burrell,
Kitchen, and Woodcott. To know the price of timber. To agree
for biscuit supplied. Offer of Oliver Styles to let his warehouses at
Rateliffe for 500^., which he will adventure in the fifth voyage,
declined. To inquire for shipping. Mr. King's warehouse at
Rateliffe.

April 4-. One hundred pounds of Henry Robinson's adventure in
the third voyage set over to [Rich.] Maplesden. Letters received
from Bantam, from Gabriel Towerson and Robt. Browne, to the
Company, and from Henry Sydall to Sir James Lancaster, all dated
3 April, 1 607 ; also from Rich. Cotton, a mariner. John Waldow's
charges for bringing letters from the Dutch ships at Portsmouth.
Demands of the King's officers of the storehouse for things lent to
the Company. Nicholas Leate and Morris Abbott to confer with
[Benj.] Decro and others of the Muscovy Company, about auditing
the " parteable account" of the two Companies, in setting for'h
John Kingston for discovery of the North-west passage, so that the
charge may be brought to the account of the old Company. Mr.
Sothick the garbler's debt. Touching the Earl of Cumberland's
bond for 48">/. ; and payment of his moneys -henceforth to Mr.
Cordell. Deductions in Mr. Davies and Mr. Stark ey's accounts. To
audit and finish the accounts of the third voyage. Difference
between the Company and Mr. Stlyes.

EAST INDIES.

173

1603.

April 26. Bills of adventure. Request of Mr. Jenny ngs to supply
12?. 10s. for the third voyage. Payment of adventurers in the
third voyage. A voyage to be prepared by the adventurers in the
third voyage to fetch home their men and goods. Mr. Fynitt's
project not accepted.

April 27. Two ships to be prepared by the adventurers in the
third voyage to fetch home their men and goods at Bantam ; the
charge calculated at about 20,000?. or a third of each man's
adventure.

April 29. John Clinche, of Ipswich/an adventurer of 275?. in the
fourth voyage under Rich. Stratford. Warrant for a loan of 1,200?.
for the fourth voyage. VVm. Harrison to be admitted an adven-
turer of 550?. in the fourth voyage. Motion for sending out a
second voyage by adventurers of 550?. in the fourth voyage to be
considered. [Six pages and a half. Court Bk., II., 90-93.]

May 3-13. 410. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Thos. Trotter
and Nicholas Skinner, admitted adventurers of 150?. each in the
fourth voyage, under Henry Bridgeman. Motion for a second voyage
to be set forth by the adventurers in the fourth voyage referred.

May 9. Two ships to be provided by the adventurers in the
third voyage. Differences with [Wm.] Wilford and Thos. Salterne to
be further considered. Twenty shillings allowed to a surgeon for
having left his instruments at Bantam. A further sum, making
1 00?. of Henry Bridgernan's adventure in the third voyage to be set
over to Rich. Maplesden.

May 13. The first payment, being one-third part of each man's
adventure in the third voyage, to be brought in to Thos. Farrington,
treasurer, by 27th inst. [ Two pages. Court Bk., II., 93, 91.]

June 1-21. 411. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Letters from
Towerson, Browne, and S} 7 dall, factors atBanham, dated September 3,
1607, read. Wilford's accounts in the East Indies and his request
for shares of the carack taken there. Overplus of 2,500?. in cash,
belonging to the third voyage to be set apart to buy timber, build
new shipping, and prepare a dock, for which a committee is ap-
pointed. Concerning Sir Leonard Hallyday's debt to the Company.
Tristram Eldrick's account in the third voyage to be audited. The
garbler's account referred.

June 3. Robert Pennington, adventurer of 137?. 10s. in the
fourth voyage under Richard Stratford. Concerning Alderman
Clarke's admission as an adventurer of 550?. in the fourth voyage.

June 10. Money due in May last to be called in. Difference
with Edmond Scott, touching his demands for wages, &c. Mr. Pas-
lowe's account for rents received of the cellarage in the 'Exchange
to be audited. To clear the account of the North-west passage,
and give orders that the remainder of the mcne} 7 " be paid to Mr.
Farrington, treasurer, for the Company's use. Demands of the
King's officers to be satisfied out of the money in Mr. CordelTs

174 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1608.

About Mr. Bramley's ndvcnture and the claim of Agnes
Smyth ; the Lord Chancellor to be made acquainted with the state
of the case. Money due on the bill of adventure of Thus. Sal-
terne, factor, who died in tho Ascension in the East Indies, to \te
paid to his executors. Committee to consider whether shipping
should be sent about Christmas next to fetch home the men and
goods at Bantam, or not before the return of those dispatched in
the third voyage.

June 14. For supply of 2,500/. which the adventurers for the
fourth voyage are indebted. Allowance of 15/. to Robt. Earle for
going to Hull about buying a ship. Concerning the admission of
Alderman Roger Clarke, adventurer of 5501, in the fourth voyage.
Bill of adventure to Phillip de Graeffe [Grove] and allowance for
boat hire. George Eyre, servant to Tlios. Farrington, treasurer, an
adventurer of \00l. under his master in the fourth voyage, sworn a
free brother. Mr. Mountney desired to make up the account of the
fourth voyage, it being doubtful if any ships this year be prepared
for a supply to that voyage.

June 21. Committee to report as to reducing the third and
fourth voyages to one stock, :>nd for a supply to the third voyage.
Committee to provide timber, and prepare a dock at Deptford
Letter received from John Mednoll to his master Rich Stapers, declar-
ing what privileges he had obtained in the Indies, and offering them
and his service to the Company for 1,5001. in hand; the considera-
tion left to his return home or to the Netherlands. Gratifications
to divers persons according to an order of July 11, 1G07, to be
agreed to with expedition. [Six pages and a quarter. Court
M\, 1L, 91-97.]

June 22. 412. Anthony Marlowe to the East India Company. Account
Dclisha, of the voyage of the Dragon and Hector since 17th April [1607],

n ZKcatOTa f the <la >' the > r losfc si S ut of England ; arrival at various places;

[Socotra' 1 . obliged through sickness of the men to anchor in Sierra Leone river,
which proved a happy place to them ; the Portugals trade there for
gold and elephants' teeth ; the king and people negroes, simple and
harmless; on 18th Dec. "for pity taken of our weak and sick
men " the general [Capt. Keeling] anchored in Saldanha Bay, " the
best and cheapest place to ..refresh men in these voyages that ever
ships can come into,'' price of "a good large beef," a hoop of iron not
worth 'Id. in England, and good sheep at the same rate. Anchored
19 February [1608], inthe Bayof Augustin; description of it, "no place
to refresh weak mean at ;" 20 April, in a bay upon the coast of Zac-
cotora [Socotra]. and on the 20th before Tammorie [TamaridaJ, the
chief town of the island, where the King lieth. Here the general
spake with two ships of Surat who advised him touching his voy-
age to Aden aud Cambaya. Of the coast and navigation of Aden,
the governor and people, its nature and strength, the commodities
it affords, and how our lead, cloth, aud iron will sell ; of the coast
and navigation of Cambaya, Surat, and Dabul, aud of all matters
material to be known ; our general by the help of his Arabic was
by the Guzerats and Moors informed to the fulL Great danger by

EAST INDIES. 175

1608.

getting on shore at Socotra. Westerly winds forced the ship to
Tamarida, where the general landed with 100 men and spoke with
the King, but was discontented with him about the price of goods ;
Delisha six miles to the east of Tamarida. The general, having
called a council, determined that the Dragon, with Mr. Hearne,
Mr. Dickinson, Mr. Savage, and Mr. Bidgood-, should go for
Priaman, Bantam, and the Moluccas ; and that the Hector, with
himself, Mr. Bucke, Mr. Femell. Mr. Finche, and Mr. Dorchester,
should stay at Delisha till the middle of August and then go for
Cambaya. Transfer of merchandise from the Dragon to the Hector.
In great hopes to have a good and peaceable trade at Cambaya and
Surat. Places where the different goods will sell. No man in
England could have performed their long and tedious passage better
than the general ; commends his care of his men, his wisdom and
his ability in language ; fears he will be much wanted in the first
settling of our trade at Surat. Capt. Hawkins has received in-
structions from the general Commends Mr. Hippon as honest,
careful, sufficient, and worthy ; Mr. Mollineux doubtless sufficient in
mariner's art, but will write more of him hereafter ; Mr. Church-
ward very sick of the service ; Mr. Savage a man of no command,
but honest and a proper mariner ; Gargrave, Dale, and Lane, young
men worthy to be put forward. Advises that the ships should leave
England by 1st of December, to prevent so long a voyage as they
have had, " to your great charges and our bitter grief." [ Wm.] Wallis
and [John] Pawling, sailors, dead ; [Jas.] Goodman, carpenter, and
[John] Jones, sailor, lost overboard ; also have died [Robt.] Dry-
hurst, steward's mate, John Newcome, John Asshemhirst, purser's
mate, Mr. Quaytmore [Coytmore], purser, and [Edmond] Clarke,
merchant ; and five men sick ashore [out of the Hector]. Socotra
a good refuge at all times for our shipping ; the island very barren,
yielding no commodities but aloes. Account of goods taken out
of the Dragon. On 19th inst. died Mr. Blastock, master surgeon,
" to our much discomfort. This day the Dragon is ready to depart,
God bless her and us." Hopes to sail about 15th August [in the
Hector] for Surat. [Four pages and a half. 0. C., Vol. L, No. 3.]

June 22. 413. Journal kept by Anthon}' Marlowe, on board the Hector,
Delisha, o f the [second] voyage from England to the East Indies, Sir Henry
U SocotTa!* f Middleton, general, begun 12 March, 1607, until the departure of
the Dragon for Bantam, now at anchor in Delisha on the coast of
Socotra this 22 June, 1608. [Imperfect copy, sixty-Jive pages,
the first ten wanting, made by Wm. Speede by the appointment of
Sir Thos. Smythe, governor of the East India Company. Brit.
Mus., Titus, B. VIII., fols 24-2-269. Thos. Claybome's account of
this voyage is printed by Purchas, /., 185-187.]

June 25. 414. Certificate by Sir Thos. Smythe, Sir Wm. Romney, Wm.
Greenwell, and others, merchants of the East India Company, in
favour of Tristram Eldrick. By his former service in their behalf,
very well experienced and capable to discharge any business apper-
taining to the place of a waiter or controller. DOMESTIC Corresp.,
Jac. L, Vol. XXXIV., No. 45. Cal,p. 442.]

176

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1608?
June?

[Lisbon.]

June ?

1608.
July 1.

415. Hugh Lee to Salisbury. A carack richly laden, newly
arrived from the East Indies ; but one more of the four that laded
expected, one having been cast away in the Indies and another
taken thure by the Hollanders, yet they are very well both at Lisbon
and in Spain, and are more free than His Majesty's subjects.
[Extract fi"om Correp. t Portugal.]

416. [ Fras. Bucke] to the East India Company. Difference bet ween
Anthony Hippon, master of the Dragon, and William Tavernor,
and endeavours of the general [Capt. Keeling] to make them friends.
Names of the merchants with the general in the Dragon, and with
Capt. Hawkins in the Hector. Thinks the voyage to Aden will not
be attempted this year for want of time, but of necessity must
seek for other places. Has related the miseries they have undergone
in this long voyage. Certifies the names of the men who have died,
with the dates of their death, in all ten persons out of the Hector.
[Two payes, imperfect. 0. C., Vol. 2., No. 5.]

John Eldred.
Win. Cockayne.
Nich. Crispe.
llobt. Johnson.
Henry Robinson.
Humphrey Smyth.
AVin. Cater.
Thos. Westwray.

Wm. Bonham.
Win. Millett.
Thos. Styles.
Wm. Jennyngs.
Morris Abbott.
Jeoffrey Kirby.
John Busbridge.
Edmond Scott.

417. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Sir Thos.
Smythe elected governor, Wm. Greenwell deputy governor, and the
following committees :

AVm. Harrison.

llobt. Middleton.

Hugh Hamersley.

Reynold Greene.

Humphrey Basse.

Robt. Bell.

Ralph Freeman.

Geo. Bennett.

Thos. Farrington, treasurer ; Wm. Leighton, secretary ; Thos.
Stephens, account keeper to Michaelmas; and in the meantime to
finish the accounts of the first three voyages ; and Thos. Evesett,
beadle or officer of the Company. Order for buying timber, with
the overplus of money belonging to the third voyage, confirmed.
Power to the governor, deputy, and committees to promise gratifica-
tions in their discretion. The Act of 11 January 1601-2, for absence
and late coming to courts, to be duly executed from henceforth, and
a register kept of the names of those absent ; all fines on that
account to be set against each man's account, unless he gives just
reason for his absence. Ten pounds to be given in charity to Sarah,
widow of Wm. Brum, captain of the Ascension in the first voyage,
who was killed by a shot from a great piece of ordnance, unadvisedly
discharged out of the Dragon at the burial of one Mr. Winter, near
the coast of the East Indies. Loan to Nich. Crispe and Sam,
Garrett. [Tivo pages and a half. Court Bk., //., 98-99.]

Sept. 19-30. 418. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Letters re-
ceived from Bantam ; one from David Middleton, dated 5 Dec. last,
announcing his arrival and departure for the Moluccas ; two from
Gabriel Towerson, of the 16th Dec. last and 16 Jan, 1608, with
relation of things passed, and a balance of the Company's accounts ;

EAST INDIES.

177

1608.

Oct. fV

Lisbon.

Oct. 5-31.

Nov. 11.

and one from Robt. Browne, of 16 Jan. last, with divers good ad-
vertisements. Request of Peter Palmer and Mr. Hawes for allowance
for stalks and dust found in pepper bought of the Company^ Request
of Randall Hopkins to have the adventure of 125?. of Alphonsus
Fowle, made over to him, referred. Four committees sworn. Money
due to the Earl of Cumberland.

Sept. 30. Only about SOO?. in cash and not 2,500?., as formerly
declared, remaining to tho account of the third voyage. A general
court to be warned about providing timber for building shipping,
and how the necessary supplies shall be proportioned. Accounts to
be digested and audited. Wm. Hallyday's request for Andrew
Holdip's adventure in the third voyage to be set over to him, " but
it not appearing that ever any adventure hath been set over to any
not free to the Company " it was deferred until Holdip's appearance.
Remainder of the pepper to be sold. Broken ordnance in the
Ascension. Elias Broadshawe's allowance. Gratification to Robt.
Waldow for services in the two first voyages. [Two pages and a
half. Court Bh, IL, 99-100.]

419. Advertisements from Lisbon. The Viceroy of the East
Indies dead at Malacca, where the Hollanders have done such spoil ;
an English ship belonging to Mr. Dorrington carrying a new Viceroy
thither. The Spaniards sending good ships, with mariners and
soldiers, to settle about Capo de Buena Speranza, to hinder all other
nations from the East Indian trade, thinking to withstand them in
passage with less force than they can be repulsed with in the East
Indies. [Extract from Corresp., Portugal]

420. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Names of all
present and absent specified in a book, according to an order of
1st July last ; and 12cZ. put against the account of each man absent.
Robt. Midclleton, elected one of the committee 1st July last, sworn.
Fines paid by members for late coming to court, to be for the use of
the poor. Pass from the Grand Signer to this Company for safe
trade to Aden, &c., procured by Srr Thos. Glover, now their agent ;
Hewett Staper to be allowed 10?. for charges ; the pass to be trans-
lated into English by Mr. May, preacher, or some other skilful in
that language. Petition of Tristram Eldrick for allowance for divers
disbursements referred for consideration. Remainder of the cloves
sold at 6s. 3d. per lb., pepper at 18|c?. per Ib. Supply of 51. per ct.
upon each man's adventure in the third voyage, for preparing a
great ship for the East Indies for the year next ensuing.

Oct. 31. 225?. of the adventure of Thos. Carpenter in the third
voyage to be passed over to the account of Henry Robinson, also
Wm. Fysher's adventure of 250?. in the same voyage to be set over
to John Holloway. The dock at Deptford and timber. Questions
of two partners in the East India voyage, and the Company's
opinion. [Three $>ages and a quarter. Court Bk., II., 100-102.]

421. John Chamberlain to Dudley Carleton. The Indian fleet
lately come home without any great noise of many millions.
[Extract from DOMESTIC Corresp., Jac. L, Vol. XXXVII., No. 63.
Cal, p. 467.]

178

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G08.

Nov. J.
. o
Lisbon.

Nov. 22.

Doc. 4.

Bantam.

Dec. 4.

Bantam.

422. Hugh Lee to Thos. Wilson. Three caracks of 6 and 700
tons preparing against the spring for the East Indies, two but lately
launched, the third very ready to be launched. [Extract from
Correxp., Po rt ugal. ]

423. Court Minutes of the East India Company. John Clint-he
admitted an adventurer of 1101. in the fourth voyage under John
Eldred ; also Owen Semper under Wm. Bonhnm. Bill of adventure
to be given under the Company's seals, to all the chief adventurers
in the fourth voyage. Allowance of 251. to Rich. Atkinson for his
pains ns cashier. For sale of the remainder of the cordage belonging
to the fourth voyage. Agreement of Rich. Rowles to pay 10. out of
his wages to Francis Shapton, preacher. The residue of the 2,500.
to be supplied before New Year's day. [Two pages. Court Bk. } II.,
102, 103.]

424. John Hearne to the East India Company. Instructions
for lading the Hector, in case she had not enough at Surat.
Benefit of a trade from Surat to Bantam. Reasons why the Dragon
went not to the Moluccas. 1001. laid out in canvas would not be
lost in such a voyage as this ; great grief to a merchant not to be
able to get commodities of good value through want of sails. Pro-
visions left by Capt. Keeling for the Hector, that she may the better
proceed to the Moluccas or Banda, or both. The Hope pinnace to
proceed to Banda, and Mr. Browne and Mr. Sydall to remain there
to procure nutmegs and mace for the next shipping. Flemish nobles
procure the Flemings great trade ; thinks it very requisite to send a
reasonable quantity *>y the next shipping, for with them a good
trade may be had at Banda and the Moluccas. A factory also to be
left at Priaman the next voyage, will be very beneficial The
matter of Sir Edward Michel borne not forgotten among some of the
chief here in town, but hopes it will be in time ; if any more such
as he be permitted to do as he did in those parts, their state there
would be very dangerous ; urges the Company to use all prevention
in this point. The country at dissension among themselves, but will
use the best means to keep free from blame. Begs his wages may
be considered, having served two years at 41. a month. [One page.
0. C., Vol. I., No. 8.J

425. John Saris to the East India Company. Since his last of
1 4th July 1 608 [wanting], little matter worth knowing has happened.
On 4th October the Dragon arrived from Priaman partly laden with
pepper ; opinion that the general should not go for the Moluccas, so
took in the rest of his lading of pepper and silk at Bantam. Has
written concerning the commodities required at this place. Depre-
ciation in the price of " pieces" and powder, by reason the sailors are
permitted to bring so many. Sends list of commodities to be sent
by the next ships, consisting of iron, lead, sword blades, pieces,
powder, opium, galls, and cloth. Trade of a "Chinesa." Advantages
of a trade to Succadana, which yields great store of diamonds and
is followed by the Flemings ; blue glass beads, which the Chinese
make, necessary ; sends one by the general, as they may be brought

EAST INDIES. 179

1608.

from England cheaper. Has moved the general to send a pinnace
to Succadana to make a trial, and brought him several Chinese who
have been there and report well of the place. Sees no reason, but
they should do as much as the Flemings in this point, oniy they
have better instructions. The general has order that the pinnace
shall go to Succadana on her return from Banda. Does not certify
the state of the Moluccas and the taking of Taffasoll and Machian
by the Flemings, because the general and Mr. Towerson will do so.
One page and a half. Indorsed, " 4th December in Bantam 1608 ;
24th September, 1609 in London." 0. C., Vol. /., No. 9.]

Dec. 1 4-26. 426. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Oversight of
the ships' works at Deptford. Bonds between the governor and
Edm. Scott. Gratification of 51. to Mr. Mountney. John Waldron
allowed 40?. a year as formerly. Supply of 51. per ct. for timber
to be paid to Rich. Atkinson. Committee appointed on the one
side by Sir Jas. Lancaster and Sir Henry Middleton, and on the
other by the Company, to examine the order of Jan. 14, 1607,
touching the true interpretation of the allowance of the profit of
adventure.

Dec. 1 6. About Sir Leonard Hallyday, and the money belong-
ing to the Company, which he detains ; names proposed to hear
and end the controversy. Robt. Waldow to enter actions against
such as do not pay in their money due to the Company. Robt.
Bel], elected of the committee, July 1 last, sworn.

Dec. 26. The adventure of 125?. of Alphonsus Fowle in the
third voyage set over to Randall Hopkins. The Company content
to refer the controversy with Sir Leonard Hallyday to four good
men, not aldermen. Rebate of 40s. allowed to Mr. Hamersley for
dirt found in the cloves, and short weight. Morris Abbott and
Fras. Taylor requested to audit the accounts of the first two
voyages, which they have begun, and the third voyage so far as
the business will allow. Thos. Stephens to call in the bills in the
receiver's hands, and all debts owing to the Company. [Four
pages and a half. Court Bk., II., 103-105.]

1609.

Jan. 16-18. 427. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Letters received
from Gabriel Towerson, at Bantam, dated July 15 last, and from
David Middleton, captain of the Consent, containing a discourse of
his whole voyage. Customs of cloves ; the farmers to be urged not
to demand for dust or garble, and if they refuse the Lords of the
Council to be petitioned.

Jan. 18. Letters received from Bantam from Robt. Browne,
John Saris, and Henry Sydall, dated July 15 last. Petition to the
Lord Treasurer, concerning a difference with the farmers about
the customs of cloves. Committee appointed for better dispatch
of the Company's business. Twenty shillings to Christopher, the
porter. Account of wages due to those in the Consent, at about
54?. a month, total 1,004.1. Request of Mr. Stephens to adventure
1122. 8s. in the third voyage, to make up the stock to 53,500?,

M 2

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1609.

referred to a general court ; allowed 100?. per annum for keeping the
Company's accounts. \Twopage*. Court fik. t IL, 105-1 00.]

Jan. 23. 428. .John Chamberlain to Dudley Carleton. The least of our

London. East Indian ships, called the pinnace, arrived at Dartmouth with

100 tons of cloves, without seeing or hearing any tiling of her con-

sorts since they parted from the coast of England. [Extract from

DOMKSTIC CvrrcKp., Jac. I., Vol. XL 1 1 1., No. 39. Cal, p. 487.]

Jan. 27. 429. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Mr. Bromley's
adventure, ordered by a decree of Chancery to be paid to John
Burton, referred to the Company's solicitor to take counsel's
opinion. Arbitration of the difference between Sir Leonard Holly-
day and the Company. Weight of the cloves to be taken. For
taking up 1,000?. at interest, for payment of mariners' wages and
other charges. Rich. Atkinson, servant to the governor, to receive
and pay money until further order. Forty marks formerly paid to
llobt. Waldow to be brought to the account of profit and loss.
[Win.] Adderley, Bartholomew Hollande, and John Humphrey to be
charged 10 per cent, interest for money they owe the Company ;
the suits against them to be given up. Win. Barrett to be agreed
with for composition of the cloves now brought from the East Indies.
For weighing and warehousing the spices. Tristram Eldrick to
bring in his accounts. Wm. Cockayne to give orders about pro-
viding masts. \Ticopage8. Court ML, II., 1 00-107.]

Feb. 7-29. 430. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Keys to the
warehouses ; with whom to be left. To consider the commission
given to David Middleton and others, how it has been observed,
and to take the journals of the voyage before the mariners are paid.
A division to be made of 151. upon each share of 4501. in the first
and second voyages. Penalty for non-payment of debts due to the
Company. No division as formerly, to be made of the cloves now
brought home. Allowance to Barth. Southbie. Others joined to
the committee for ending the difference with Sir Leonard Hallyday
and the Company. John Grimston to be continued in the Com-
pany's service.

Feb. 8. A division of 15?. upon each single share of the two first
voyages to be presently made. Act for imposing penalties upon
such as bring not in their money at the times appointed confirmed.
Letters from Bantam, previously received, read. Price of the cloves,
5s. 9t?. ungarbled, 6s. 4(?. garbled. A ship or two to be forthwith
furnished and sent to the Indies ; means of raising the necessary
supplies.

Feb. 1 1. Price of the cloves ; the ungarbled to be exported ; to
be sold by the candle on the 21st, no one to offer less than 5s.,
which has been already offered.

Feb. 13. Rich. Atkinson appointed to attend meetings of the
Company and set down the orders of court, until the secretary is
able to do so. Mr. Mountney again entertained at 40s. o week.
Difference with Sir Leonard Hallyday. Mr. Hamersley to provide

EAST INDIES.

181

1609.

Con .sent
Hie impo
Expeditic

a pinnace of 10 or 12 tons. Sir Wm. Craven, "and divers others
likely ot that purpose," to be asked what money they will lend the
Company at 9 per cent., or under. Committee to provide ryals for
this voyage ; to agree with a master and mariners, and Thos. CJay-
borne as pilot. Mr. Burrell to hire two good ship carpenters.
Agreement with Captain David Middleton to go captain of the ship,
at 13. 6s. 8d. per month, and 60. 13s. 4d for his provision to sea.
4?. a ton to be paid for 17 tons of cider belonging to the Vir-
ginia Company. A new steel mill to be bought, and lemon water
and grocery for the voyage. Factors to be chosen on the 20th. A
meeting appointed to set down a proportion for victualling the ship,
and to agree with the butcher, baker, and others. Committee to
buy cloth and kerseys.

Feb. 14. For buying ryals ; one halfpenny in the pound commis-
sion. Proportion of victuals for 50 men for the fifth voyage to the
East Indies, also the merchandise to be sent in the ship.

Feb. 1 6. Twenty hogsheads of cloves, garbled, sold to Mr. Leate
at 6s. 4d. per Ib. The ungarbled cloves priced at [5s. Gd., and
30 hogsheads sold to Mr. Leate ; 115 hogsheads sold to Humphrey
Robinson and his friends. All cloves ungarbled to be exported or
garbled at the Company's warehouse. Twenty barrels of gun-
be added to the forty already covenanted for, to be
I a- the voyage. No less a quantity than 20 hogsheads of
e sold until Tuesday.

Payment of customs of the cloves ; fifty hogsheads,
uagurblec sold to Mr. Garway. The cloves brought home in the
IK Hinting to 112,000 Ib. weight, the custom 1,400Z., and
as much more. Sale of the Bonaventure "called the
i," for 2,200Z.

Feb. 2
sealed for

Feb. 2C
with 10Z.
trade. B
A carpent
Bardall p
with. T.
purchased
minister t

March. 2-1 5. 431. C
20. to Tl
the voyat:
of the clc
Wooddi^
ment for
ship fron
Tailbois'
bound ap

j| John Chapman's allowance to go master's mate. Bonds
payment of customs.

f|-Thos. Hemsworth chosen factor ; to have 4Z. a month,
|br provision to sea and 25L allowed him for private
mf and pork for the voyage. The lead to go as ballast.
jr to be hired, and a master to go in the Expedition, Mr.
jiposed. A surgeon, mariners, and others to be agreed
1 per cent, to be allowed for ready money for cloves
si Gratification to the captain " for the voyage past." A
be provided. [Eleven pages. Court BL, II., 107-113.]

lurt Minutes of the East India Company. Allowance of
p. Wotton, master surgeon, for furnishing his chest for
Cider from Plymouth. To examine the book of sales
i?s. 20L each given to " Sophony, the Russe," Richard
|j and Edward Nettles, servants of the Company. Pay-
isef and pork. 20s. to Elizeus Crips for bringing up the
I? Blackwall. About assigning to Wm. Meggs, Rich.
plventure in the third voyage. Edward Nettles to be
(irentice to Wm. Cater, for the Company's use. The cloves

182 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1609.

* to be brought into Sir Thos. Smythe's warehouses and garbled.
Money detained by Mr. Symonds.

March 7. The Consent not to be sold under 400Z. Edward
Nettles appointed steward in the Merchant Bonaventure, Richard
Wooddisse, purser, and " Sophony, the Russe," purser's mate.
Warrant for payment of 34-7^. 3s. for English and Spanish iron.

March 10. Mr. Lawman to be employed as secretary in the
absence of Win. Leighton. " Unwilling dealing " of Edmund Scott
towards Wm. Harrison. Committee appointed to peruse the Com-
pany's patent as to their power to punish offenders.

March 13. Edmund Musgrave chosen master of the Bona-
venture, alias Expedition, at 71- a month ; Thos. Claborne, master's
mate, and John Davies, pilot. To examine the weight of the beef
and pork. Board wages for some of the elected officers of the
Expedition.

March 15. Mr. Sturdivant, minister, a suitor to go as preacher in
the fifth voyage, to preach before the governor and the committee
from the 5th verse of the 5th chapter of St. Matthew, " Blessed be
the poor in spirit/'' &c., " and shall thereupon according as he shall
be liked, be accepted and entertained to go in the said voyage."
Committee to treat with the captain and other officers as to the
quantity of victuals. Thos. Winterburne, to go mariner, if any
place be vacant. [Four pages. Court Dk., 1 1., 113-115.]

March -\ . 432. Hugh Lee to Thos. Wilson. Five caracks sailed on the
Lisbon." J-g. instant for the East Indies, laden with merchandise, and carrying
in the place of soldiers children, and youths from the age of ten
upwards, to the number of 1,500; in a lew years they say these
children will be able to do good service, their bodies being well
acquainted with the climate of those countries ; thinks it were no
evil course to follow in England for planting inhabitants in
Virginia ; it is forced by necessity in Lisbon. If the peace with
Holland take not effect, the Portugals may lose their Indies before
these children are able to do any service. Doubts whether the
King of Spain will send any more shipping to trade in the East
Indies, but rather give leave to all nations to do so upon paying a
duty of 50 per cent, upon all goods inwards and outwards, which
will be a much greater benefit to Spain, who has lost much by
trading thither. [Extract from Cor^resp., Portugal.]

M;irch22-28. 433. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Further sup-
plies for the voyage to be purchased. Twenty tons of provisions to
be shipped. Brewing of strong beer. The cloth to be ready.
Cloves and lead to be sold.

March 27. Warrant to pay 200. 10s. to Lawrence Greene for
rosin and Spanish iron. Elias Broadshawe's wages, for his service
at Deptford. No goods to be received on board without a warrant
Necessaries for the ship. Committee to inspect the ships' stores,
and muster all the officers and mariners.

EAST INDIES. 183'

1609.

March 28. Particulars of sale of cloves and lead, names of the
purchasers, tlie quantity, and price. "Jas. Askewe, who married a
daughter of Alderman Clarke, deceased, to be admitted free of the
Company on payment of a 10. fine. Gratification \)f 250?. to
Capt. David Middleton for his good service in his last* voyage
and return with cloves; his request to adventure three or four
hundred pounds in this intended voyage, referred. Edmund Scott
removed from the committee for his public abuse of Wm. Harrison
on the Exchange ; Kaphe Hamor chosen in his stead. Arbitrators
to settle accounts between Edmond Scott and the Company.
[Four pages and a half. Court Bk., II., 1 1 5-1 1 7.

March 30. 434. Summary of the conference between King James' Commis-
April 9. sioners and the Deputies of the States General for an agreement
for traffic in the East Indies. [French Two pages. Holland
CorrespJ]

April 1. 435. Court Minutes of the East India Company. John Davies
who went pilot in the Ascension, and came home master in her this
last voyage with Capt. David Middleton, and is now to go pilot in
the Expedition, "notwithstanding some matter of misgovernment
and misdemeanor objected against him " the last voyage, to have
61. 13s. 4d., and also 3. 6s. 8d. for a book presented to the Governor
and Company, written by himself, " of all the courses, occurrences,
and occasions of and in the said last voyage." Mr. Eldred, Geo.
Bennett, and Thos. Emmesworth, factors for this voyage, to see the
ryals made ready for shipment. Advance of wages to .Edmund
Musgrave. The captain's commission to be drawn with speed,
the articles to be wholly referred to the governor and a committee.
A bible, the book of acts and muniments, and some good book of
sermons to be provided for the voyage ; 4 1. or 5 1. to be bestowed
that way. Jas. Askewe's admission respited. [One page and a
half. Court BL, //., 1 17-118.]

April 5. 436. Sir Geo. Carew to Salisbury. Has been told the French
Paris. are in hand with the discovery of a passage into the South Sea, by
the North-west, and that one Poncet, a knight of Malta, has revealed
that secret to the King, and is sworn not to tell it any further ; that
they purpose to build forts upon a strait through which that
passage lieth, to make themselves masters of it ; and that this is one
of the causes why the lieutenancy of Nova Francia is taken from
Mons. De Monts. For the truth of all this you must wait for the
lame post (il faut attendre le boiteux). [Extract from Corre-
spondence, France.]

April 6. 437. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Fifty Pounds
to be paid for pieces of plate, to be sent with the captain this
voyage, who is empowered to make presents to the kings or governors
in the East Indies, " at whose hands he should receive any pleasure
or kindness, or else to return the same again at his corning home,"
or so many as he left. [Half a page, Court Bk., II., 118.]

184 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G09.

April 11. 438. Grant to David Midclleton of the office of governor for the
[fifth] East India voyage, with release for three iron pieces sold by him
there. [Minute. DOMESTIC, Jac. /., Vol. LX., p. 85., CaL, p. 503.]
*

April 13. 439. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Richard
Weldon hired to go the voyage at 20s. per month. Captain Mid-
dleton to be paid 13/. Gs. S</. laid out by him " in sweet meats and
banquetting stuff, for banquet and entertainment of such strangers
and others as shall come aboard the ship for the honour of our
nation and credit of the Company." Payment of wages to Capt
Middleton. Liberty to Thos. Emmesworth, now going factor, to
return home after he has been four years in the Company's service.
10. each for provision to sea, allowed to certain of the ship's officers,
including Sophony Cozucke, purser's mate. SOL stock for supply
of the ship's wants. Agreement with Esdras Simpson, preacher,
to go the voyage, to have 33/. G*. 8d. yearly, and 20Z. for his pro-
vision to sea. Commission and letters to factors at Bantam
allowed ; also the King's commission to Captain Middleton, for
whom a bill of adventure is sealed for 1,000 marks in this voyage.
One half of Alderman Clarke's adventure set over to Geo. Bennett.
[ Two pages. Court Dk, II. , 1 1 8- 1 1 9.]

May. 11. 440. Grant of incorporation to the Governor and Company of
Merchants of London trading to the East Indies, for better govern-
ment of the Company. Procured by Sir Thos. Lake, by order from
the Lord Treasurer. [Docquet. DOMESTIC, Jac. /., CaL, p. 512.]

May 11. 441. Licence to the Governor and Company of Merchants trading
to the East Indies to sell any quantities of spices, drugs, and other
commodities, ungarbled, to any merchant or other person to be
transported out of the realm, without incurring forfeiture for not
garbling or cleansing them, upon payment of customs, notwith-
standing any prohibition to the contrary. [Docquet and Grant
Bk., p. 51. DOMESTIC, Jac /., CaL, p. 512.]

May 20. 442. Advertisements from Lisbon. Departure of five caracks
Lisbon. to the East Indies. It was much feared they should have
fnllen into the hands of the Hollanders, but as yet no ill news
heard of them. [Extract from Correspondence, Portugal.]

May 23-30. 443. Court Minutes of the East India Company. 4.000Z. owing
to divers persons being required, it is agreed that all who are in-
debted for cloves, have ten per cent, allowed for money brought in
before due. Demand of Mr. Diggins for 329. 18s. for repairs of the
Expedition. The Consent to be sold on the 30th for benefit of the
adventurers in the third voyage. A new pinnace of eight or nine
score tons to be built. Request of John Clifton to be allowed more
than 18s. a ton for biscuit supplied. Manufacture of cables for the
Company's new shipping. Canvas for sails to be provided in
France. Masts. Carpenters. Richard Mountney continued in the
Company's service. Gratification to Raphe Harrison for his great
pains about Edmund Scott's accounts in the Indies, until Sir Henry
Middleton return thence. The rest of Thos. Alabaster's adven-

EAST INDIES.

185

1609.

16092

1609.
June 10.

Spaune ?
[Ispahan.]

June 10.

Spahune?

[Ispahan,]

[the King's]

Court.

ture set over to Sir Jas. Lancaster. Hewett Staper's claims not
admitted. Demand of Humphrey Handforde for 101. lost in the
receipt of 10,383. belonging to the Company not allowed. Shot at
the Exchange to be sold. Demands of John Midnall for the dis-
covery and trade in the East Indies, and his project and pains,
referred. The Consent, of 115 tons, to be sold at Sir Thos. Smythe's
house on the 30th instant.

May 30. Those absent at this general court to be fined,
each. Upon petition of John Chamberlain, " the brother servant
and executor '' of Andrew Chamberlain, free of the Company, de-
ceased, who, ever since the death of Andrew in August, 1601, has
furnished the supplies ordered by the Company for his brother,
including 131 1. 5s. in the third voyage ; he is sworn a free brother
of this society upon payment of a fine of 40s. Committee to confer
with John Midnall concerning his demands and project for going to
" Mawgoule " in the East Indies. Power to the governor to admit
the Lord Treasurer, Lord Admiral, Lords of Worcester, Southampton,
and other lords, knights, and gentlemen, favourers of the Company,
and no mere merchants, to be free of the East India Company, they
being adventurers or otherwise. Admission of sons and servants
referred. For freeing of impositions of cloves outwards. Edmund
Scott's difference. The Consent with her furniture sold for 195?.
[Five pages. Court. Bk., II., 119-121.]

444. " Oath of a freeman of the East India Company under the
charter of King James, 1609." To be good and true to the King ;
to be obedient, assistant, faithful, and true to the Governor, Deputy,
and Company of Merchants of London trading to the East Indies ;
and to keep all statutes and ordinances made by them, " having no
singular regard to yourself, in hurt or prejudice of the said fellow-
ship ; ''' not to betray the secrets and privities of the Company ; in
default to pay the penalties ; not to write or colour any adventures
for any person not free of the Company ; and to give information of
any hurt or prejudice intended against the King or his lands, or the
fellowship or its privileges. Printed. [East Indies., Vol. I. No. 28.
Printed in Bruce's Annals of the E. I. Comp., I., 157, 158, note 1,
with the above title.]

445. Thos. Boys to the Earl of Salisbury. His fortunes brought
him from the Low Countries to Persia, where he has been accepted
in the rank of the King's most favoured soldiers, being the first
Christian, of which there is much marvel ; notwithstanding, was
upon terms of his return, but advised not to do so until he heard
from his lordship. Being the first who has name and place, he will
endeavour to uphold the honour of a Christian. Has presumed to
advertise his lordship of what has happened since his arrival. [One
page. East Indies, Vol. I., No. 29.]

446. Thos. Boys to Salisbury. Was informed on his arrival at
Baby Ion in August, 1 608, of the town and castle being yielded up by
composition, to Mahomet Bashaw, who was employed by the Great
Turk to effect it. Found the King of Persia and his army within

186 COLONIAL PATERS.

1609.

12 'days' journey, entertaining a seeming resolution to besiege it ;
but fears lie will have much to do, the Turks' country having
become so peaceable. Defeat of " Jouile, the great Geloly, ' with an
army of 70,000 men, himself being slain and 12,000 horse obliged
to yield to the King of Persia. The King becoming Christian but
a re|*>rt, only he desires to entertain time, having never more need
of tin; Princes favours, unto whom last December lie sent an
ambassador [Robt. Sherley]. The King's usage of those of Ormus,
the key to the East Indies, held by the Portugals ; the Barren, a
country of great worth in regard of the pearl fishing, taken by the
King of Persia some six years past ; had he not oeen withheld
with the opinion of the Turks' great preparation against him,
he h:id invested it with his army Ormus compounded to pay
the King of Persia 500 tomans yearly, a toman being 16 piastres.
Offer of the King of Lahore, "held in greatness to the Turk," to the
English and Hollanders to have free traffic into certain of his ports,
being a friend to Christians ; the riches of his country will return
no small profits ; the news moves especially those of Ormus, and
will be no wise pleasing to Goa and the rest in general. Hears by
the monthly caravans with merchants of the East Indies, of the
behaviour of the Portugals ; their pride begets great hatred of the
negroes. The King of Portugal, as they terra him, notable in nil
his dominions in the East Indies to number 4,000 natural-born
subjects; likelihood of his losing all, especially Goa, from the ill
proceedings of the governors. A Carmelite friar sent to Ormus,
by authority of the Church of Rome, to erect a convent, was re-
turned with much disgrace. Satisfaction of the King of Persia
to hear that His Majesty and the Hollanders were in arms against
the King of Spain, " confessing to have of the King of Spain (sic) a
brotherly friend, but of the King of Portugal an enemy." Efforts of
Sir Anthony Sherley to divert the course of trade in silk, which it
has been accustomed to pass by Aleppo only to be transported by
Ormus. Sir Anthony Sherley 's letters sent to Boys by the King to
interpret, not knowing of his brother's [Sir Robert's] departure.
Forbears to write what he dare not commit to the uncertainty of
the bearer. There are arrived two Carmelite friars sent by the
Pope, whose commission is by all means to endeavour to bring the
Armenians of Persia to become Catholic ; the King answers that if
they will change their religion, being his subjects, they shall accept
his, knowing how dangerous it will be to have at least 50,000
at the devotion of the Church of Rome within his dominions.
Report of the coming of an ambassador from Rome of a noble
house, no churchman ; " if he be no Spaniard or at their devotion
will be very welcome, being too much troubled with these religious
people." Wishes employment in these parts or in the East Indies.
[Three pages. Ea*t ^Indies, VoL /., A r o. 30. Partly printed in
" The Sherley Brothers'' for the Roxburyke Club., p. 69.]

June 14-30. 447. Court Minutes of tho East India Company. For obtaining
money to pay about 3,500. to Lady Chandos and Mr. Diggius.
Mr. Hamersley, on behalf of the Company, to be with the arbi-
trators in Edmund Scott's controversy. John Allen the purser's

EAST INDIES. 187

1609.

accounts to be audited ; also, the general accounts of the two first
voyages, and of the third voyage outwards. Price of the Consent.
Robt. Palmer, concerning his freedom. Committee to confer about
building a pinnace of about 140 tons for the CompanyVuse.

June 30. Request of Allen Cotton, brother and executor to
Win. and Roger Gotten, both free of the Company while they lived,
for a bill of adventure, referred. Charges incurred by Wm. Burrell.
Warrants for payment of timber may be signed by Sir Thos. Smythe
only. Humphrey Handford's account. Furniture of the Consent
to be appraised. Demand of the garbler. Allowance of 10. per
cent, interest for money brought in before it is due. Mr. Diggins
and his account. Mr. Sandye, about the bad quality of mace
sold to him. John Waldo w's accounts to be audited. Gratifi-
cation of 4:01. to Rich. Atkinson, and oOQl. to those who have taken
pains in the Company's service. Act for the better payment of
money due to the Company. Money owing for cloves. [Six pages
and a quarter. Court Bk. } II., 121-124.]

July 46. 448. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Election
of officers. Sir Thos. Smythe, Sir John Spencer, Sir Leonard
Hallyday, Sir John Watts, Sir Wm. Romney, Sir Thos. Cambell,
and Sir Thos. Hayes, put in nomination for governor ; Sir Thos.
Smythe elected, who, for his pains in serving as governor for five
years and in procuring the first and second patents, is gratified
with 500., besides 1501. lately paid by his order to Mr. Far-
rington. But he utterly refused to take the oath of governor until
the Company took back 250., " the residue his worship kindly
yielded to take." Wra. Greenwell elected deputy governor, and
the following 24 committees :

John Eldred. Reynold Greene.

Nicholas Crispe. Wm. Burrell.

Robt. Johnson. Brian Kinaston.

Wm. Harrison. John Stokeley.

Robt. Middleton. Humphrey Robinson.

Hugh Hamersley. Nicholas Leate.

Humphrey Basse. George Smythes.

Robert BelL Robert Ofiiey.

Raphe Freeman. Robert Cocks.

Thos. Styles. Edward Lutterforde.

Jeoffrey Kirbie. Wm. Jennyngs.

John Buzbridge. Wm. Millett.

Thos. Farrington, treasurer, and Wm. Leighton, secretary. The
new charter of the Company, dated 30th May last, " with divers
better conditions than was heretofore granted by the former charter"
is read, and a resolution agreed to, that any of the Company not
named in the new charter shall be as free of the Company as if they
were expressly mentioned. Letter read from Paul Pindar from
Aleppo, dated 16th January last; report of an Italian and a Por-
tugal at Ormus of certain English ships, conceived to be the Dragon
and the Hector; that the Portugals had taken from them 14,000
ryals of eight, and a pinnace with 20 or 30 men. A book to be

188 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1609.

offered to the Company to adventure for setting forth the new Bhi|>s
for the Moluccas " and those parts." A brace of bucks sent by the
Earl of Southampton to the Company " to make merry withal, in
regard of their kindness in accepting him of their Company." Com-
mittee appointed, who agree upon a dinner to be provided for the
whole Company at the governor's house.

July 5. Project for setting down and bringing in the money of
each man's adventure; two ships to be built and made ready by
January for the next voyage, the charge 50,000/. ; any of the
Company not adventuring in this present voyage to be excluded
from doing so for three voyages.

July G. 200J. of the adventure of Humphrey Robinson, grocer,
in the third voyage, transferred to the account of "\Vm. Robinson,
mercer. Ordnance for the small ship. Demands of Mr. Stephens
for keeping the Company's accounts ; to be offered 100Z. per annum
and no more ; proposals for a counting-house for keeping the books
of accounts. About setting down adventures. Impositions for
cloves outwards. [Five pages and a half. Court Bk., If., 125-127.]

July 12. 449. William Finche to [Capt. Hawkins]. Has written about
Surat 20 times, and protests it is only through negligence of the bearers
that Hawkins has not received his letters. Congratulations upon
the King making him captain over -AGO horse &c. Disposal of the
iron and lead ; " our cloth will not by any means be here sold/'
Desires to go to Cambaya, where he thinks their whole stock might
be employed in rich indigo with other drugs. Would be glad to do
anything for the good of the Company, " our household being
divided, causeth double charges." Purposes delivering 25 pigs of
lead to Hoghee Careen ; behaviour of his broker, in the time of
Mocrow Bo wean being here ; " he did me no more service
than a cat," but now he promises to become " an honest knave,"
and to look out for sale of the goods a little better. Has
made Saddow's brother an allowance. Five ships arrived at Goa
in May last from Portugal, which had wintered at Mozambique
and Bombase, bringing with them, as is reported, many Castilian
soldiers ; " the Portugals are still the fundamental causes of all our
losses." Andres Furtado to succeed the late Viceroy ; he purposes to
work wonders when Malacca is besieged. Has news of one of the
Company's ships being at Priaman in safety. Since the receipt of
the King's finnan " we have lived at our heart's ease, for the fame of
your worship's proceedings is here long before your letters." Honors
reported to have been conferred upon Hawkins, because of his having
given the King a small coffer with seven locks, within which were
such rare stones that they would lighten the darkest place, no candle
being needed ; of this the Governor himself, Einer Nooherdee, was
fully possessed. Cannot as yet spare him more than 12,000 m.
Has sold this day two elephants' teeth for 3^5 in. [Four pages.
Indorsed, " Finch's letter to Capt. Hawkins." 0. C., Vol. /.,
No. 10.]

July 14. 450. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Brian Kinas-
ton sworn a committee. More ordnance and shot to be made.

EAST INDIES

189

July 14.

[Madrid.]

Lisbon.

1G09.

Benj. Greene, " having the Spanish tongue, and employed in those
parts," recommended by Sir Wm. Craven as a factor. Wm. Jen-
nyngs' account of the Expedition. Future admission of members,
whether by payment of a fine of 4UL or 501., or otherwise. Thos.
Stephens' allowance. [One page and a half. Court Bk., II., 1 27-1 28.]

451. Sir Charles Cornwaleys to Salisbury. News has arrived
that in the East Indies between the Cape of Buena Speranza and
Mozambique, the Hollanders have sunk and burned " five of our
carracks and six of our galleons of war," which last year departed
from Lisbon furnished with 4,000 soldiers. This accident is yet held
secret, but not so close but it hath already walked the streets.
[Extract from Corresp., Spain.]

452. Hugh Lee to Thos. Wilson. Arrival of a galleon from Goa
built in the East Indies, laden with merchandise. News of only
one of the fourteen ships that sailed from Lisbon, and she entering
the bar of Goa, and, being pursued by the Hollanders, got out the
better part of her lading, and was set on fire by command of the
Viceroy, to prevent the Hollanders having any benefit from her.
Great discomfort to the hearts of these people, the overthrow of
many anticipated before long, no more shipping from thence ex-
pected this year ; these and former losses have brought this country
to a low state. The Hector, a ship of London, trading to Surat,
where she arrived in August last, intercepted by four Portugal
frigates 3rd October following and taken prize, and the men
prisoners for using commerce within their conquest without the
King of Spain's licence ; value of the goods, 2,OOOZ. ; 1 9 prisoners
carried to Goa, three brought to Lisbon, the rest at Goa. Fras.
Bucke and Anthony Marlowe, Walter Roinney died on the ship's
arrival, prisoners in the Trunk in Lisbon, in great necessity, without
apparel, money or other means. Will do his best to relieve them,
and has signified their cause to the English ambassador at the court
of Spain ; they are kept from the speech of Englishmen. [Extract
from Correspondence, Portugal]

July 17-28. 453. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Arbitrators
in Edmond Scott's difference award 30l. per annum, which Sir
Jas. Lancaster agreed with him as a third sort of factor at
Bantam.

July 19. Committee to set down a proportion of men, victuals,
and provisions for the new ship and pinnace. Money to be kept
back, the proceeds of the two first voyages, for discharge of dead
mariners' wages, and other matters, before the residue is divided.
Small pinnace of about 30 tons to be made and carried in the great
ship, and carriages for the ordnance. Ipswich canvas for sails.
Thos. Farrington to clear his accounts. Committee to end the dif-
ference with Sir Jas. Lancaster and the Company [in the margin
"the difference for dead shares'']. Allowance of 10s. a week to a
person to overlook the making of cordage. Allen Cotten's suit
concerning supplies adventured by his brothers, and for freedom of
the Company. Mr. Stephen's willingness to accept the Company's

190 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1609.

offer ; he is required to petition for the appointment, and bring in the
money he owes. The difference with Edmund Scott to be ended,
"in regard of his extraordinary service and dangers at Bantam."

July 27. Petition of John Midnall to the King, declaring his
ten years' travels, and charge of 3,000 (sic) in the discovery of a
rich trade in the dominions of the Great Mogul, and praying that
he and his coad venturers may be permitted to enjoy the privileges
he had obtained there. Referred by the Lord Treasurer to Sir
Walter Cope, Arthur Ingrain, Hewett Staper, and Nicholas Leate,
to deal with the Ejist India Company and report thereon ; the
petition read and a committee appointed on the part of the Com-
pany. Thos. Westwray's suit, for allowance of interest. None to be
allowed to write in the book who did not set down their adventure
before 25th July inst., nor any who are not free of the Company,
without sufficient reason. The whole adventure of 50,000. being
so fully set down, to be paid in three instalments ; every one to
have his share of the money for cloves as it is paid in Jlequest
of Oliver Styles to be an adventurer for 1,OOG. in the intended
voyage, provided the Company will accept his warehouses at
Ratcliffe for 500. Mr. Stephen's salary.

July 28. All to be admitted free of the Company who adven-
tured 1 \Ql. and upwards in the fourth voyage, for a fine of 40s. John
Hodges, an adventurer under Richard Poyntell in the fourth voyage ;
Allen Cotten, executor and adventurer for his brothers, Wm. and
Roger, in the second and third voyages, and Sir Robt. Leigh, who
married the widow and executrix of Geo. Coles, all admitted free of
the Company. Half of the adventure of 500Z. in the third voyage
and 550/, in the fourth voyage of Frances Clarke, widow and execu-
trix of Alderman Roger Clarke, deceased, set over to her son-in-law
James Askewe, alias Ayscough. Leave to Rich. Burrell's son, want-
ing about three months of 21, to adventure in the present voyage.
Power to the governor, deputy, and committees to make certain
acts for the admission of sons, servants, and others, also children
under age, having right to their freedom. No goods to be hence-
forth adventured in any voyage that do not belong to a brother of
the Company. The setting down of each man's adventure, the times
allowed for paying it in, and the notice to be given. [Six pages and
a half. Court Bk., II., 128-131.]

Aug. 8-31. 454. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Request of
John Greenwood. John Stokeley sworn one of the committees.
Letter read from Wm. Keeling, dated from Bantam 2 Nov. 1 608,
with a short discourse of his voyage and proceedings, and hope of
his speedy return to declare all matters at large himself. Letters
also read from Lisbon from Anthony Marlowe and Francis Bucke,
the Company's servants, concerning their going to Surat, their
mishaps and being taken prisoners to Lisbon ; their request to
the Company for enlargement, and that their affairs may not be
prejudiced in their absence ; the Lord Treasurer to be petitioned
and a committee appointed for their relief. Petition of Thos. Stephens,

EAST INDIES. 191

1609.

account keeper to the Company for seven years, to be continued in
his place on an allowance of IQOl. per annum, but not to have any
gratuities ; his request granted and the oath administered to him.

Aug. 14. Proposal that all money adventured for setting forth
the next voyage, be brought in and paid by the governor, and a
weekly or monthly account given of it. Letters sent by John
Eldred to Anthony Marlowe and Francis Bucke at Lisbon ; also
to Wm. Keeling, Wm. Hawkins, and all other the Company's
'officers and servants, in behalf of the officers of the King's customs,
" and for reserving of all strange fowls and beasts, &c., for the King
and Council." The Loi-d Treasurer's kindness about the Company's
suit to His Majesty. For admission of under-ad venturers on pay-
ment of a fine of IQl. or lo. ; and of "a mere merchant " of 20L;
the governor not to admit more than ten until further order ; shop-
keepers, warehousemen, retailers, or tradesmen, of 40. : not more
than five to be admitted. Rules for admission of apprentices.

Aug. 18. Form of oath to be administered to every brother of the
Company agreed upon [see No. 444]. Robert Fipps, apprentice of
Edmund Nicholson, grocer, deceased, sworn a free brother for a fine
of 1 Os. to the poor ; also Edmund Howes, Michael Nicholson, and John
Hall, merchant, for fines of various amounts. All fines not exceed-
ing 40s. to be put into the poor box. Fee of 2s. Qd. to the secretary
and Is. to the beadle for each man's freedom. The consideration of
all things with Mr. Lynton, touching his book of navigation, to be
referred to the governor, deputy, and committees. Allowance of the
order giving power to the governor to admit certain persons. The
money for setting forth the next voyage to be paid to Richard
Atkinson, cashier.

Aug. 19. George Scott, an adventurer in the first voyage, and
Rich. Locksmyth, an adventurerer in the fourth voyage, sworn
freemen of the Company. Gratification of 51. to Sarah widow of
Richard Nashe, accidentally slain in the Company's service at
Deptford by an axe.

Aug. 23. Suit of Mr. Bayley, clerk of the alienations, for his
freedom, he adventuring 200Z. in the present voyage, referred to the
governor, " the rather for that such kind of men may be beneficial
and helpful unto the Company in their suits and otherwise." A
store to be built at Deptford for the Company's rope. About the
proportion of men and victuals for the new ships. Admission of
John Hall and Thos. Uredge, on payment of fines.

Aug. 30. Agreement for making ordnance and shot. Advance
of the wages of Anthony Pearce, sailor in the Expedition, to his
wife Elizabeth. John Grimston's petition for allowance for his
services. Difference with Edmund Scott. Proportion of victuals
for 250 men for 24 months.

Aug. 31. Robt. Crewes and Nathaniel Deards, adventurers in
the fourth voyage, under Thos. Wheatley, sworn free brethren.
[Ten pages and a half. Court Bk., E. I. Comp., Vol. //.,
fol. 131-136.]

192 COLONIAL TAPERS.

1G09.

Aug. 30. 455. Account of the prices of goods in India, including various
SuraL sorts of indigo, cotton wools, cotton yarn, calicoes, cloths, spices,
gumlaok, rice, opium, and other drugs, &c. Also goods to be brought
from England, vendible in India, and their price, including cloth of
all kinds of light and pleasant colour?, quicksilver, red lead, tin, lead
in pigs, vermilion, elephants' teeth, red coral, Almain blades, " the
Governor of Cambaya, who is also our patron here, called Mocrow
Bo wean, desireth 1,000 for himself, but I doubt whether he would
be as big as his word or no," new drinking glasses, trenchers for
sweet meats, but especially looking glasses, large ones would be
highly accepted by the King, who affects not value but rarity,
" insomuch that some pretty new-fangled toys would give him high
content, though their value were small, for he wants not wordly
wealth or riches possessing an inestimable treasury, and is, it is
thought, herein far exceeding the great Turk." Of weights and
measures, and value of the moneys of the country. [Four pages.
0. C., Vol. I., No. II.]

Sept. 5-6. 456. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Admission of
George Calvert, John, son of Alderman Sir Robt. Leigh, John
Burnell, adventurer under Richard Ball, and Arthur, adventurer
under his brother Robert Robinson.

Sept. 6. Admission of David Bourne, Turkey merchant, an adven-
turer of 200?. in the sixth voyage. Gratification of 100Z. to Mr. Far-
rington, the treasurer, for his great pains in the two first voyages ;
also of 35Z. to Mr. Ilamersley, and of 20 nobles to Mr. Mountney, for
auditing the accounts of those voyages. Allowance to Mr. Kirbie
fur cloves, and of 20?. to Mr. Stephens in charity for his loss in
keeping the cash, and not of any due. The money and debts re-
maining of the first and second voyages, after the Lost division, set
over to, the tliird voyage. [Tu'o pages and a half. Court Bk., 11.,
13G-138.]

Sept.yg-. 457. Hugh Lee to Thos. Wilson. News from the East Indies
Lisbon. that the greater part of the ships of this place that were doubted, to
be miscarried, wintered at Mozambique, and were safely arrived at
Goa, The two Englishmen, Francis Bucke and Anthony Marlowe,
brought prisoners from Goa, still continue prisoners at Lisbon,
though daily fair promises are made of their speedy release ; their
cause is before the Council, but nothing will be determined without
the consent of the higher powers in the Court of Spain ; in the
meantime the poor prisoners are relieved by the benevolent English-
men residing at Lisbon. [Extract from Corresp., Portugal.]

Sept. 12. 458. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Old ordnance
to be sold to the fourth voyage for 40?. for ballast. Rules for the
sale of adventures, the Company to have the first refusal. Works
to the ships ; about the purchase of Sir Edward Michelborne's
pinnance. Tristram Eldricke's accounts. John, the Indian, having
by some mishap lost his thumb and not being able to work
at his trade of a weaver, to be employed about the ships as he

EAST INDIES. 193

1C09.

requests. About trial of the ordnance within three miles of Maid-
stone. Allowance to John Grimston for services. Gratification of
201. to the secretary, because of his long sickness and great charges.
Cloths and kerseys, &c., to be provided for the voyage. [Two pages.
Court Bk., //., 138.]
[1609 q

Sept. 15? 459 to the East India Company. Account of the

voyage of the Ascension and the Union from the time they set sail
on April 1, 1608, to their arrival at Aden on April 8, 1609, "where the
general [Alex. Sharpey] and myself went aland." The Bashaw or Vizo
Rei gave orders that they should be well entertained, but the governor
not accomplishing his promise, the writer took his journey towards
Sana, the city where the Basha keeps his court. Departure for
Mocha, John Luffkin, master, murdered, and the rest almost
starved. Could not settle a factory without express orders from the
Grande Turquo, " too much covetous and base carriage spoiled our
factory." Arrived on Aug. 12 at the King's town of Socotra. The
men in the Hope pinnace forced to abandon their vessel, and fly to
Surat, to escape from the Portugals, but nothing in her worth the
speaking. Anchored in the bay of Cambaya on Aug. 31, at the
north side, 30 leagues farther than the master expected. They had
speech with some of the people, who told them of their danger, and
wished them to send for a pilot to Goga, three days' journey, " but
our proud, headstrong master would not consent." Account of their
efforts to save the ship [Ascension] of her wreck on Sept. 3, and the
saving of every man's life in two boats, " leaving our ship standing
almost full of water, to our great griefs." Narrow escape from the
Portugals, being taken for fishermen of the country. Kindly enter-
tained by the Governor of "Gaucliny," who sent them towards Surat ;
the governor persuaded "our general, with his company," to go farther
off from the town, to make a show to the Portugals that he would
not receive them, or he feared the Portugals would intercept their
ships from Mocha, laden with corn, the surgeon having leave to
procure things from the town, necessary for their journey to Agra.
Charge of the company taken by [Wm.] Revett, as captain. [Two
pages and a quarter. Imperfect, and very much injured. 0. O. t
Vol. L, No. 12.]

1609.

Sept. 25-29. 460. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Letter read
from Wm. Keeling at Bantam, dated December 20, 1608, with
his directions to Wm. Hawkins at their departure from Socotra.
Arrival of the Dragon at Plymouth ; want of many of her men ;

I committee appointed to have her leak stopped or unladen as may

be necessary ; and the governor to apply to Lord Stanhope for a
warrant for taking up post horses. The carpenters " gone away"
to be dealt with according to the statute. New iron ordnance.
Clause in the oath for keeping secrets. Robt. Harlowe, adventurer
under Sir Thos. Smythe in the fourth voyage, and Francis Oakeley,
adventurer in the first and second voyages, sworn free brethren.
Sept. 27. The King's demand to buy all the pepper brought
home in the Dragon, at the same rate as any other would give for

194 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1609.

it, with security to the Company's content ; debate thereon, resolution
referred. A ship to be sent to the Dragon at Plymouth. Allowance
to Mr. AVestwray, and others. Admission of John Corbitt and
Levinus de Muneke, gentlemen.

Sept. 28. Letter read from Captain Keeling from Bantam, dated
December 20, 1G08, containing the whole discourse of his voyage to
Bantam, and an account of the commodities sent home in the
Dragon. Agreement to sell the whole of the pepper to the King ;
committee appointed to confer with the Lord Treasurer. Gratifica-
tion of 100 marks to Edmund Scott for his extraordinary service at
Bantam. Touching admission of adventurers in the first, second,
and third voyages. Thos. Colthurst, apprenticed to Humphrey
Robinson for nine years, unexpired, enrolled with the Company.
Advance of Anthony Marlowe's wages, for the use of his cliild left
motherless. Gregory Allen engaged at 20s. a week.

Sept. 29. Committee appointed to acquaint the Lord Treasurer
with the Company's willingness to sell all their pepper to the
King, as required, at such prices and conditions as shall be agreed
on. Admission of Edward James and Lawrence Greene, under-
adventurers in the third voyage. [Six payea and a quarter.
Court Bk. t II., 139-142.]

Oct. 2-11. 46L Court Minutes of the East India Company. Admission of
Theodore Roberts, an adventurer of 1001. in the third voyage, under
Richard Humble.

Oct. 4. Admission of Andrew Overton, merchant

Oct. 5. Admission of George West, merchant, and Raphe Evans,
Esquire.

Oct. 6. The Governor informs the Company of what had taken
place with the Lord Treasurer about the sale of the pepper to the
King ; that a committee had been named by his lordship to agree
as to the price, &c., upon which the Company appoint a committee
to confer thereon. Mr. Mountney, appointed husband to the Com-
pany, with an allowance of 1501. per annum. All letters to and
from the Company and other material writings to be " coated," and
kept in a register, ready for every occasion ; power to the governor
to hire a fit man for that business, " or for any other employment of
the Company about His Ma tie8 court, or otherwise." Sir Robt
Mansfield, knight, to be admitted a free brother, without any fine,
if he require it, or to be allowed to adventure, if he cannot con-
veniently take his freedom. Committee to confer with John Mild-
nail. Warrant to be procured for breaking bulk of the Dragon at
Plymouth. Mr. Ellacott's request. More and Greene to be enter-
tained in the Company's service.

Oct. 11. Admission of Richard Osmotherley, named in the charter
of May 31, 1609. [Two pages and a tialf. Court Bk., 7/.,142-143.]

Oct. ||. 462. Hugh Lee to Thos. Wilson. The two Englishmen [Bucke
Lisbon. an( j Marlowe], brought prisoners from the East Indies, have been very

EAST INDIES. 195

1609.

sick, and continue very weak, which has procured their enlargement
upon securities, but yet no order has come for their release, though
expected shortly. [Extract from Corresp., Portugal.]

Oct. 13-27. 463. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Letters re-
ceived from Plymouth about the Dragon ; the directions sent, and
warrant for breaking bulk. Warrant for 500 for clothes to be
provided for the voyage now in hand. Mr. Burrell, about making
the pinnace and a small ship ; to draw as little water as conveniently
may be. Iron and lead for the voyage. Price of the pepper. Thos.
Dike, gentleman, and Rej'nold Greene to be made free of the Com-
pany. Admission of the Earl of Southampton ; he promises to
observe the oath, and to give the Company a brace of bucks an-
nually at their election. The governor to see the Lord Admiral
about the goods said to be taken by " our men " in the Hector.
Petition of Devereux Wogan, executor of Nathaniel Javaryn, for
payment of certain money. For augmentation of the provisions for
the sixth voyage.

Oct. 17. Letters from Plymouth read. Admission of William
Greene, late apprentice of Lawrence Greene. Francis Sadler sworn
servant of the Company for registering letters and other writings,
" fit to be coated, registred, and kept for the use of the Company."
Conditions of sale and price of the pepper now brought home.

Oct. 18. Letters read from the Lord Mayor of London and Lord
Treasurer, intimating that His Majesty having lately made a treaty
with the French King is inclined to establish a company of English
merchants there ; part of those present consent to be of the French
Company ; to be notified to the rest of the Company. " A very
honourable and kind letter " read from the Lord Treasurer ; the
King not inclined to deal with the pepper " for that he was altogether
unwilling to do that which might be distasteful unto them, leaving
the same to be disposed of by the Company as they shall think
good." Conditions of sale and price of the pepper. Any writing
for goods to take them away within one month, under a penalty of
20s. William Russell, merchant, to be a free brother, having
formerly bought Sir Francis Cherry's adventure. Act for sale of the
pepper ; the conditions and prices ; and for taking away goods
purchased, within one month.

Oct. 20. Fifty quarters of corn to be made into biscuits. Com-
mittees to meet every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday " for the
better ordering and dispatch of the affairs of the Company." Law-
rence Femell, John Mildnall, and Edward Abbott, nominated for
factors. Twenty pieces of great ordnance to be tried at Deptford.
Committee for delivery of the pepper, for taking bills and
receipts.

Oct. 21. William Russell sworn a free brother.

Oct. 22. Admission of Hewett, son of Richard Staper, merchant,
and of John, son of John Westwray, merchant.

Oct. 23. Demands of John Mildnall. Settlement of Nath.
Javaryn and Edmund Scott's demands. Lead for the voyage.

N 2

196 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1609.

Three of the Company to remain daily on board the Dragon, while

unlading.

Oct. 25. Lead and Canary wine to be provided. Goods brought
home by the mariners, the coxswain having a chest of silk of 113 Ib.
weight, and the gunner said to have conveyed away 4 cwt of pepper.

Oct. 27. Request of Lord Monteagle to be free of the Company
on the same conditions as Lord Southampton, he adventuring
500Z., and giving the Company a brace of bucks, yearly, at the
election, willingly granted. Admission of Thos. Hicks, sometimes
servant to Sir Thos. Smythe. Readiness of the ships and things
preparing for the voyage. Not above 43.000Z. as yet adventured ;
the charges will amount to about G0,000. Inclination of His
Majesty to be present at the launching of the great ship, and to
give her a name, &c. Proposals for each man to set down one
third more, upon consideration " of the great encouragements given
of the good hopes likely to ensue of this trade." Resolution to
procure a prohibition from the King, against any other than the
Company bringing pepper into his dominions, upon payment of an
imposition not exceeding (id. per Ib., if required. The price not to
be under 2s. and "22d. per Ib. All who have written for pepper
to be subject to these conditions. [Eleven pages, Court Bk., II.,
143-148.]

Oct 27. 464 to Sent his last to be

Surat. delivered at Agra, where he expected ... to have arrived. Has
received a letter from Gabriel Brook from Dayita [Daya in Sumatra],
who writes of the death of Mr. Revett, also of t\vo men lying sick.
Since his departure live men have died in the house, Mr. Goner, Geo.
Bray, Henry Medes, Andrew Evans, the drummer, and Thos. Lucas,
Mr. Finche's man. The rest of the Company left with the writer,
fully determined to go for Goa in the Portugals' fleet. Will stay at
Surat until he has further orders from Capt. Hawkins, or . . . ;
is willing to remain a year or two on good terms, otherwise will
get near home. Mr. Finche will do nothing without order from
Capt. Hawkins, and men will not stay for meat and drink only.
Perceives that those who come into the country do so to enrich
themselves, more than for the Company's profit. Complains " that I
should be merchant of the ship and another receive the Company's
money." [Imperfect. One page and a half. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 13.]

Nov. 2-15. 465. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Win. Meggs
adventures 200. in the sixth voyage. Petitions of John Fowler,
Paul Triggs, Downton and Matthew Wentworth, to be employed as
factors, referred. Adventure of Wm. Hynde, deceased, set over to
Nicholas Crispe. For gratification of Mr. Bell, Mr. Hamersley, and
Mr. Styles, for their great pains about the Dragon at Plymouth.
Committee to procure the prohibition.

Nov. 10. Robt. Middleton to provide a silk ancient for the great
ship, with the Company's arms in silk or metal, as shall be thought
fit. Richard Middleton, purser of one of His Majesty's ships, to be
employed in masting and rigging the great ship. Committee to

EAST INDIES. 197

1609.

agree with gunners, carpenters, and sailors. Difference between
Elias Roberts and Hugh Hamersley about the purchase of some
silk, settled by mediation of the Company. Letter read from the
Lord Treasurer to officers of the customs not to suffer any mariner
to land goods brought from the East Indies without the governor's
knowledge. Wheat from France for the voyage. Committee
to confer with certain factors ; Mr. Femell about his demands for
salary ; Wm. Speed, who speaks Spanish ; Rowland Webb, French
and Spanish, and willing to adventure 50?., and John Williams.

Nov. 13. Petitions of Dixie Cletherowe to be a factor, of Nath.
Courthope, and of John Wright, in verse, for employment, referred
for consideration. Agreement with Lawrence Femell to serve the
Company as a factor in the East Indies for three years, at 200?. a
year. Letter received from Plymouth from Gabriel Towerson, re-
commending the Dragon, to be unladen there ; resolution to have her
brought into the Thames. Jeffrey Hamlet to be employed, at the
request of Sir John Watts. Motion for allowing 10 per cent,
interest upon money paid in before due, to be considered.

Nov. 15. Arrival of the Dragon in the Downs. Some of the
Company sent to board her, and discharge so many of the men as
are thought " unneedful." The Governor informs the Company
what he has done in procuring the prohibition against bringing in
pepper by any but the Company, and that the King had consented
to it. Several petitions read for employment ; Symon Smyth and
and Edward Langley thought unfit. Inquiries to be made about
Hugh Frayne, John Lancellot who speaks Italian, one Greene, John
Griffin, John Williams who speaks " the Morusko tongue," Philip
Collins, and Edward Hawks. [Five pages and a half. Court Bk.,
II., 149-151.]

Nov. -| 466. Hugh Lee to Thos. Wilson. Three great new caracks built

Lisbon. to go next spring for the East Indies. Fras. Bucke and Anthony

Marlowe, brought prisoners from thence, not yet released, though

out of prison, on securities, because of sickness ; it is hoped their

liberty will come shortly. [Extract from Corresp., Portugal.]

Nov. 16-30. 467. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Letter read
from Francis Bucke from Lisbon, declaring his own and his fellow
prisoners' wants ; relief to be given, and the best course for their
discharge decided upon. Wm. Beerblocke admitted by patrimony;
also Anthony Ramm, Beerblocke's father's late apprentice ; and
Edward Falkner, having bought of Wm. Meggs the bill of adventure
of John Talbois for 125?. Agreement with Hugh Frayne, who
speaks Spanish, to be factor for five years. About John Cushman's
employment in the Company's service. The factors' wages to be
paid in London or adventured in the general stock, and to be bound
against private trade.

Nov. 17. Elms to be provided for the Dragon. Offer to Fowler,
Mr. Poyntell's man, who speaks Spanish, to serve the Company five
years. Agreement with Benjamin Greene, who speaks Spanish,
French, and Italian, to serve five years ; with Nath. Courthope for

198 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1609.

'seven years; and with Rowland Webb, who speaks French and
Spanish, for five years. Requests of Wm. Kent and Reynold
AY il lianas, who speaks Spanish and Latin, for employment. Com-
mittee to confer with John Mildnall concerning his demands to
be employed.

Nov. 1 8. Committee appointed to confer with Florence Devyne,
Netherlander, touching his offer to the Company to set forth a
ship of 200 tons, with a stock of G,000., for Coromandel, &c., where
he has been employed; he assures them three for one profit, and
requires nothing else for his employment but the profits over and
above that sum. Mr. Mildnall not thought fit to be engaged.
Agreement with John Williams who speaks " the Moruskoe tongue,"
and some Spanish and Italian, for seven years. Paul Triggs dis-
missed ; Edward Langley and Mr. Trendell referred. Mr. James,
master of the carvill, to be satisfied for his freight. Offer to William
Speed.

Nov. 21. Admission of Humphrey Fipps and Thos. Sneade,
merchants. Agreements with William Speede and John Griffin.
Michael Lucas, scrivener, and Humphrey Seaward, grocer, unfit for
employment. Gratification to Justice Keys and to the clerk of
Sir Robt. Mansfield.

Nov. 23. Objections against Lawrence Femell and Rowland
Webb, cleared. Admission of Nicholas Isaac, willing to adventure
200/. in the general stock. Agreement with John Fowler, who
speaks Spanish. Dixie Cletherowe, Samuel Huddlestone, Robt.
Wake, and another, dismissed. Agreement with John Lancellot,
formerly employed in Turkey and other places. Ten shillings a
week board wages to be allowed to factors employed here. Offer to
Wm. Kent, a merchant, for his services for five years. Richard
Atkinson's accounts to be audited. Inquiry for a preacher. Gilbert
Warde's offer.

Nov. 25. Those hired and found unfit to be dismissed. The
governor, deputy, and committees only to have the direction of all
voyages, and the sale of all merchandise, &c., by virtue of the
charter. Letter to Florence Devyne, about his project for Coro-
mandel, &c. Inquiries to be made about Francis Slany, Edward
Langley, Phillip Collins, Edward Haile and Guy Tilsley. Mr. Down-
ton to be conferred with to go as master. Mr. Cornish, esteemed a
very sufficient navigator, fit for the Company's service, to be written
to. Committee appointed to peruse the letters from Bantam, and to
agree upon an increase of merchandise and victuals for the present
intended voyage. About trying ordnance. Committees to go aboard
the Dragon until her goods are discharged. An inventory to be
sent of the ships' stores.

Nov. 29. Admission of John Highlord, by patrimony, of Thos.
Hickes, apprentice to Sir Thos. Smythe, and Robert Sammon. No
one to export spices, custom free, unless he be an adventurer or free
of the Society. Agreement with Edward Langley for seven years. <
Draught of articles read between the Lord Treasurer and Sir Julius
Caesar, chancellor of the exchequer, on behalf of the King.on the

EAST INDIES.

199

1609.

one part, and the Company on the other part, touching the sale and
exportation of pepper, and the imposition of 6d. per Ib. upon
all sold in the land; divers points to be amended, and counsel
employed.

Nov. 30. Touching the goods brought home by the mariners in
the Dragon. Hugh Frayne to go abroad. Robt. Hutchinson to
take an account of the old stores. Keys of the Company's ware-
houses to be brought to the governor and remain in the counting-
house. Lancellot and Langley to go aboard the Dragon. Provision
of the gunners' stores for this present voyage. John Griffin enter-
tained on 21st inst., dismissed on information of his insufficiency.
[Twelve pages and a quarter. Court BL, II., 151-157.]

Nov. 30. 468. Proclamation inhibiting the importation of pepper from

Newmarket, foreign parts by any other persons than those of the East India

Company, and limiting the price at which they shall sell it to two

shillings and sixpence the pound. [Printed. Proclamations,

DOMESTIC, Jac. L, Vol. CLXXXVIL, No. 13. Cat, p. 565.]

Dec. 1.

Paris.

469. Wm. Becher to Salisbury. The French have long aspired
to make themselves strong by sea, and to that purpose "have now
set on foot this invention," a society to trade into the East Indies,
and they intend making a stock of four millions of crowns. Under-
stands that great part is already contributed, and four ships are
making ready to depart from St. Malo for the first voyage. Low
Country seamen engaged at great pay, and many of their ships
bought, the French " pretending to go thoroughly in hand with the
matter/' The States Ambassador complains of the enterprise for
many respects. Dawnser is to serve the French and to have other
ships added to his own, as they wish to be strong enough to
encounter the Spaniard. Knows not how it is like to proceed, but
certain it is if they can make their own men capable of the voyage
they will never want money to set it forward, France being now
very rich, and money at a very low interest. [Extract from
Corresp , France.]

Dec. 1-2. 470. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Admission of
John Manistay, late aprentice of Geo. Smythe, goldsmith. Prepara-
tion of kerseys. Agreement with William Reynolds, skilful in
spices, to be employed under the Cape merchant ; and with Francis
Slany, who speaks Spanish, and is willing to adventure 200.
Mr. Busbridge to provide 50 tons of iron at 14Z. 10s. a ton.

Dec. 2. Articles touching the prohibition against bringing in
pepper by any but the Company, and the imposition upon it of Qd.
per Ib., after many meetings, allowed to be engrossed and seated
with the common seal of the Company. Sale of " the case and callico
pepper," and the prices. [One page and three quarters. Court
Bh, 12., 157-158.]

Dec. 5. 471. Sir Ralph Winwood to Salisbury. The Company of the
East Indies do now send forth into those parts nine ships which
attend the wind at the Texel. The States purpose to have the

200 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G09.

places they hold there, inhabited with their own people, and send
with this 'fleet many women, and have appointed iv governor by
commission to command there. [Extract from Holland Corre-
spondence.]

Dec. 5-11. 472. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Names of those
aboard the Dragon. Sailors employed about rigging the ships to
have 14<Z. a day. Francis Champney to go as steward. Appraise-
ment of the old cordage. John Wright to go as steward's mate.

Dec. 6. Request of the Lord Admiral for a loan of 3001. for
three months ; left wholly to be answered by the governor.
Mrs. Cartwright, adventuring 400. or oOOl., to be admitted free,
with power to admit all her sons free, by patrimony. Books of the
sale of the pepper to be kept and audited monthly.

Dec. 7. A box containing 74 pieces of East Indian taffeties,
brought thence by Gabriel Towerson, and belonging, as he says, to
one Cotton, the Company's servant there, to be sequestered until
further order. Book calicoes, bought in certain junks near Socotra,
at 4s. a piece, were sold at Priaman for three and four times that
price ; they are worth here 1 2s. a piece. The sailors to give bonds
for their true service. Corn from France for this voyage to pay no
custom. Letter received from Lisbon from Anthony .Marlowe, de-
claring their release from prison upon sureties, their great sickness,
and that "Win. Squiers keeps the Company's letters from them. To
confer with Nicholas Downton.

Dec. S. Agreement with Mr. Poynett for piloting the Dragon
from Plymouth to the Thames. Doings of Cottingham ; he promises
to satisfy the Company. Jeffrey Hamlet to take an account of
the Dragon's old stores. Andrew Roper unfit as a factor by reason
of his age ; George Cockayne, who speaks Italian and Portuguese,
a suitor for employment, to be inquired about after Christmas, as
well as all others of his rank. Apprentices to be employed in the
East Indies.

Dec. 9. Admission of Sampson Bennett. Offer of two French-
men to divulge a secret for the preservation of fresh water ; to
consider what they demand for revealing it.

Dec. 11. Committee about Edmund Scott's petition and de-
mands. Motion for appointing a day for launching the great ship,
and if it be fitting for the Company to give His Majesty a banquet
Sir Edward Michelborne's pinnace to be bought, so the price does
not exceed 6001. The new ordnance. Things taken out of the
Dragon and sold at Plymouth. No officer or sailor in any of the
Company's ships to have more than one chest of a certain size.
Ordnance of the Dragon. [Six pages. Court Book, II., 158-1 CO.]

Dec. 13. 473. Wm. Becher to Salisbury. Arrival of two captains from

Paris. Holland for conducting the ships of the Society of the Indies,

" which is here embraced with much expectation." President Janiii

laid the foundation of it at his voyage into the Low Countries.

[Extract from Correspondence, France.]

EAST INDIES. 201

1609.

Dec. 13-29. 474. Court Minutes of the East India Company. For prevention
of bringing in pepper. Gratification of 100 nobles each to Robt.
Bell, Hugh Hamersley, and Thos. Styles. Cloves and other things
sent home by Mr. Hippon in the Dragon to be given up^to his wife,
on payment of custom, but at his return home Hippon to be
effectually dealt with, for using private trade contrary to his bond.
Seven cwt. of cloves and all other things belonging to Gabriel
Towerson to be delivered to him, except his pepper, for which the
Company give him Is. 6d. a pound* and pay the custom. Silks and
other things belonging to Capt. Ke eling and one Cotton, the Com-
pany's servant at Bantam, as Towerson affirmed, to be detained
until further order. Suit of Wm. Walley, to be employed as a
factor.

Dec. 15. Custom of things brought home in the Dragon for the
use of the Company, except the silk, amounts to 7,306. Is. 4dL,
Edmund Scott. Agreement with Samuel Squier, the younger,
skilful in navigation.

Dec. 1 9. Canvas for sails and cable. Agreement with Nicholas
Stevenson to repair the pinnace before 25 Jan. for 100Z. Committee
to appraise the Dragon's old stores, and provide ryals beyond
the seas. Opinion of Mr. Mollineux touching Surat and Dabul, and
the depths there, &c., set down in writing ; he is requested to bring
his plat of those parts, and to give the Company a copy. The
Indians brought in the Dragon to be conferred with. Merchandise
appointed to be provided for the next voyage, and by whom.
Wm. Kent to be agreed with; his salary not to exceed 100Z. per
annum.

Dec. 20. Charles Hawkins, an adventurer of 300. in this 6th
voyage, sworn a free brother for the fine of 40Z. The commodities
to be sold by the candle. The governor and Sir Wm. Romney to be
bound for payment of the impost of pepper.

Dec. 22. Boatswains to attend Mr. Burrell and Mr. Middleton.
Richard Burges and Thos. Meriain to take care of the Dragon.
Thos. Ivett to be hired as boatswain's mate. A long boat to be
made. John Laiicellot to attend on board the Dragon as purser ;
the mariners' wages to be paid by Rowland Webb, purser. Pay-
ment of part of Hippon's wages to his wife and daughter,
Mrs. Erminge. To consider of some course against bringing in
pepper. Inquiry to be made for Hugh Greete and other fit men
skilful in jewels. Payment of Mr. Mollineux' wages. Number of
men to be appointed to the great ship.

Dec. 23. For re-delivery of the things borrowed of Sir Wm.
Monson from the King's ships. Agreement with Thos. Glemon,
willing to adventure 100?. and to serve for seven years. Warrants
to be passed for three bags of pepper to Wm. Barrett for His
Majesty's provision, and one bag to Wm. Beerbloclc. Examination of
mariners, now come home in the Dragon, how certain things were
stolen out of the hold of the ship by divers officers, and sold at
Plymouth. Thos. Ivett entertained as boatswain's mate.

202 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1609.

Dec. 29. Admission of Anthony Abdey, apprentice of Nicholas
Pearde, and an adventure of 200/. in the sixth voyage. Preparations
for launching the great ship on the morrow, and entertaining the
King at a banquet on board, on china dishes ; salutes to be fired.
Agreement with George Cockayne, who speaks Italian and Portu-
guese, to serve the Company for seven years. Committee to confer
with Sir Henry Middleton, concerning his going general this in-
tended voyage to the East Indies. [Eiyht pages and a half. Court
Bk., 1L, 1GO-1G4.]

Dec. 28. 475. W. Becher to Salisbury. About the 3d instant Robert
Paris. Sherley, the Persian ambassador, and divers Englishmen in his
company, amongst whom was [Toby] Mathew, son to the Arch-
bishop of York, passed towards Spain by Marseilles. [Extract from
Corresp., France]

Dec. 30. 476. John Chamberlain to Dudley Carleton. The King, Queen,
London. and Prince went this morning to the launch of the Great Indian ship,
newly built, where they were to have a great banquet, and Sir
Thos. Smy the to be graced with a great chain of gold, and a medal to
put about his neck by the King's own hands. [Extract from
DOMESTIC Corresp., Vol. L., No. 92. CaL, p. 576.]

1610.

Jan. 2-8. 477. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Agreement
with Henry Boothby, skilful in calicoes, and speaking Spanish,
willing to adventure 100?., and to serve the Company seven years.
Thos. Fettiplace, merchant, willing to adventure 100?., sworn a free
brother. A fit man to be appointed to keep books of all the pepper
sold. Difference with Edmund Scott.

Jan. 4-. To see if the provisions be in readiness, and provide
ordnance for the pinnace. Request of the Lord Mayor for lOOlb. of
pepper at 2s. a Ib. ordered, " that no way be given thereunto for
precedent's sake ; " yet the Company are pleased to gratify him
with 50 Ibs. for his favours towards them about the Bridgehouse,
Leadenhall &c. John Manistay's Adventure. To agree with mas-
ters for the ships. Certain stones called " Bullasses " to be provided
and sent to the East Indies as things there in request. Agreement
with John Stoughton, brought up as a scholar, willing to serve
seven years and adventure 100?. Benjamin Farie desirous to be
employed. Offer of Geoffrey Davies to serve the Company. Ad-
mission of Sir Richard Loveless [? Lovelace], Knight.

Jan. 8. Richard Covert, merchant, sworn a free brother for a
fine of 20?. Allen Salloes thought unfit to be employed as a master.
325?. of Robert Robinson's adventure in the third voyage, set over
to his brother Arthur Robinson. Suit of Sommers to be employed
as a surgeon. 130 tuns of strong beer to be provided in place of
cider. Admission of Thos. Lever, merchant, willing to adventure
200?. Biscuit, rneal, and wheat to be provided for the voyage.
" The youth, an apothecary," skilful in distillations, and commended
by Lord Carew, to go as surgeon's mate's mate. Hugh Greete,
skilful in jewels and stones, to be entertained. Benjamin Farie

EAST INDIES. 203

1610.

thought unfit for employment. John Lancellot, [Nath.] Courthope,
John Williams, and Robt. Micho, who speaks Portuguese, entertained.
The mariners' bonds to be taken, and Andrew Shillinge conferred
with to go as master. [Four pages and a quarter. Court Bh, II.,
164-166.]

Jan. 8. 478. "W. Becher to Salisbury. Mons. Aerssens is charged to
Paris. complain to the French King about Dawnser. He tells Becher that
he is commissioned to remonstrate very roundly against the setting
up of a society in France for traffic in the East Indies ; that if the
French will, with such great injustice, so proceed in it as to suborn the
Dutch mariners and merchants to serve the French in this enter-
prise, to the States' prejudice, and the French King will give them
protection, the Hollanders will be driven to do justice on their own
people in their own territories, and board the French ships where-
ever they meet them, and hang up all the Flemings they find in
them. Thinks Aerssen's earnestness in this matter will go nigh to
break the neck of the enterprise, for although the French have great
store of money, they will never be able to perform the voyage
without the help of the Hollanders men and shipping. [Extract
from Correspondence, France.]

Jan. 9-19. 479. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Gratification
to mariners in the Dragon. Agreement with Robert Comely to go
as chief surgeon in the Peppercorn. John Sozar gratified with 20s.
for his pains in translating divers journals and descriptions of the
East Indies from Portuguese into English. Adventure of Nicholas
Cadge, deceased, in the 3rd voyage, set over to Robert Bell. Agree-
ment with Wm. Poulter. Leonard White's adventure and freedom
made over to Sir Richard Lovelace. Request of the Earl of South-
ampton to admit Mr. Haines, who he had appointed to manage his
adventure. To agree with a second master to go the voyage.
Downton, Shillinge, Thornton, and Mollineux, nominated amongst
others. Thos. Marberie, gentleman usher to the Lord Chancellor,
sworn a free brother of the Company. Inquiry to be made of
Mr. Bird, a preacher recommended by Sir Henry Middleton. Hugh
Greete to be hired as a jeweller. No more factors to be enter-
tained.

Jan. 10. Allowance to Simon Bamberrie. Suit of Jas. Taylor to
have the chief carpenter's wages. Offers to purchase brass ordnance
from Sir John Watts. Th.e demands of Andrew Shillinge for salary
as master altogether unreasonable. Gunner's stores in the Dragon.
Agreement with Richard Sommers to go as chief surgeon in the
Increase.

Jan. 11. To agree with Mr. Burton for fair writing the charter
on vellum, and binding it "in some decent manner." Edmund
Scott's case ; the Company desire, in reply to Mr. Calvert's letter,
that it may be heard before the Council. The Dragon and the three
new ships to be entered in the Custom House. To hire Mr. Downton,
Mr. Mollineux, and Mr. Pemberton. Gratification to Jas. Taylor,
claiming the wages of the chief carpenter. Ordnance for the pinnace

204 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G10.

Agreement with Benjamin Farie. Mr. Lynton to be conferred with
touching his Hkill "in the longitude, &c," Anchors and 2,000
load of timber to lie provided. The Dragon to be brought into
dock at Deptford. Beer for the voyage.

Jan. 13. Stephen Goade's claim for wages ; charges against him,
Adventure of Randall Hopkins, deceased, set over to Thos. Fettiplace.
Agreement with Mr. Mollineux to go as master of the Increase,
with 101. monthly, "for that, besides his skill in the Indies, at Ban-
tam, and at the Moluccas, he hath been at Surat, where none of our
people formerly have been." Gratification for his extraordinary
pains in bringing home the Dragon, very much distressed, and
without the help of any mate. Resolution concerning the wages of
those employed. Agreement to purchase brass ordnance from Sir
John Watts.

Jan. 15. Agreement with Robt. Larkyn, to serve seven years
and adventure 100Z. No more factors to be entertained until
further orders. Bonds of the factors and other officers. Against
unnecessary expense of powder, " shooting at drinking of healths,
and at the captains going on shore or otherwise."

Jan. 18. Thos. Stephens to cast up the account of the Expedition.
Offer of Mr. Deards for the silk ; the king's silk only at 5s. the
small pour.d, the Company's silk 30,9. per Ib. for the best, and 8s.
per Ib. for the worst. Wages of Southmaid, mariner, deceased.
Morehouse, the purser, to make good the amount he paid to a wrong
person at Plymouth. For supply of money for the sixth voyage ;
the charge will amount to about 80,0002., of which there is only
written for about 5,0001. [miatake for 50,0002.] of which 40,1002. is
already brought in, some 8,0002. or 9,0002. being set down by some
not free of the Company. About Edward Warner's admission, an
adventurer under Christopher Cletherowe in the first, second, and
third voyages. Admission of John Gilbert, merchant [on Jan. 11],
and of John Slany, merchant [on Jan. 26].

Jan. 19. Concerning the prohibition against bringing in pepper
For supply of money for the sixth voyage. Liberty to any brother
of the Company to augment his adventure, until the last day of this
instant January. Conditions of payment. Division of the money
for the cloves, supposed to be about 251. upon every 1002, How the
pepper may be taken out by adventurers. [Eleven pages. Court
Jlk., II., fol. 1GG-171. This is the last entry in the volume, al-
though there are many Hank pages. At the end is "A table of the
most material things contained in this book Jit for the speedy and
easyjinding out of the same upon any midden occasion.'" The next
"Court Book" labelled III., begins 4 January, 1G14, so that the
minutes for the four years betiveen January, 1610, and January,
1614, are wanting. They were probably entered in a book not now
to be found.]

Feb. 5. 480. Francis Cottington to Salisbury. The Persian ambassador
Madrid. (Robert Sherley), lodged and defrayed by the King of Spain. Cot-

EAST INDIES.

205

1610.

tington's interview with him, " I do not perceive that he is possessed
with those vanities which do so much govern his brother Anthony."
He is not pleased with his entertainment, and tells Cottington he is
resolved to go directly to England, having received "kind letters
from Salisbury that His Majesty is contented he should also
perform his embassage there. [Extract from Correspondence,
Spain.}

Feb. 18. 481. Fras. Cottington to Salisbury. Arrival of a ship at Lisbon
Madrid, from Holland on her way to the East Indies. Declaration of the
Captain to the Viceroy that he had commission to carry from hence
such persons or orders as the King of Spain should appoint for
publishing the truce in those parts, and that unless this offer was
accepted or other course for the publication taken within twenty
days, he was to proceed on his journey and perform what was com-
manded him by secret instructions. The Viceroy dispatched a
courier to this court, but the business has been so long in consulta-
tion that "the party" went from Lisbon without any answer.
[Extract from Correspondence, Spain.]

March 17. 482. Commission to Sir Henry Middleton to be governor of the
[sixth] voyage to the East Indies. [Minute. DOMESTIC, Jac. /.,
Vol. LX., p. 85 ; and Grant >h, p. 57, Gal, p. 592.]

March 21.

Madrid.

March 24.

Madrid.

April 29.

Madrid.

Aug. 10.

Madrid.

483. Cottington to Salisbury. The Persian ambassador now
dispatched ; they give him 4,000 ducats, with a letter to the King
of Persia ; he holds his resolution to go to England ; has never seen
his face but once. Thinks Sir John Fearne will not now go with
him. [Extract from Corresp., Spain.]

484. Cottington to Salisbury. Understands that Eobt. Sherley
has now no hope to be received in England as an ambassador, yet
holds his determination to go thither directly. Titles which Sir
Anthony Sherley gives himself, " many a poor Britain hath he
cozened." [Extract from Corresp., Spain.]

485. Cottington to Salisbury. The Persian Ambassador being
ready to put himself on his way [to England], received, as he re-
ports, a command from the King of Spain that has occasioned his
stay; supposes he will remain at Madrid all the summer. -On
May 11 Cottington writes that the Persian Ambassador is resolved
to remain a long time ; and some say he has sent into Poland for his
wife. [Extract from Corresp., Spain.]

486. Cottington to Salisbury. The Constable and the President
of Portugal, the Conde de Salmas, appointed to treat with Robert
Sherley touching his propositions. He offers that the Kino- of
Persia shall draw all that great course of merchandise which the
Turk brings now to Aleppo, to some port in the East Indies, as
Ormus or thereabouts. He also propounds a plot for the main-
tenance in those seas of fifty ships of war, which, with some

206

COLONIAL PAPERS.

l.Uhon.

Sept. t

Lisbon.

[1610.]
[Oct. 2

1610.
Nov. 14.
[Mocha.]

other help from the King of Persia, should take all trade from
the Hollanders or English. Another ambassador from Persia ar-
rived at Lisbon in one of the caracks, who brings in silk and
stones, a present of great value to the King of Spain. Sherley is
made much of, and still very well entertained at the King's charge.
[Extract from C'orrcw//., Spain]

487. Hugh Lee to Thos. Wilson. A carack arrived from the
East Indies with an ambassador from the King of Persia, who has
brought a great present for the King of Spain to the value of
250,000 ducats in silks and jewels ; the cause of his coming is to
alter the trade from the Indies by Alexandria and Aleppo, which
will be a great hindrance to the English Turkey Company. Five
Englishmen came in the carack with the ambassador, four of
whom were freed by former means ; great affection shown by the
ambassador to the fifth, Richard Wyckham, a merchant, who never-
theless escaped from his house ; interview with the ambassador ;
his offers of kindness to the English nation. [Extract from Cor-
rcsp., Portugal.]

488. Hugh Lee to Thos. Wilson. It was purposed to have sent
three caracks to the East Indies this month or the next, but they
cannot be ready, so eight will go in the spring, if the fourth that is
expected come home safely. The Persian Ambassador not yet gone
for Spain ; it seems he cometh for a lieger, having brought his wife
with him. [Extract from Comesp., Portugal.]

489. Reasons for and against the separation of the fleet under Sir
Henry Middleton, safely arrived at the island of Socotra ; whether
two ships should sail for the coast of India, and two for Aden. The
general having called a council, these questions were argued at
length ; first, it was absolutely set down in the East India Com-
pany's commission that the ships should go for Aden, Mocha, &c. ;
secondly, if the fleet separated, and the Peppercorn and Darling
went to Surat, and were met by the enemy, it would be held inex-
cusable as contrary to commission ; and thirdly, if any went for
Surat, the general was determined to do so. Intelligence was also
received that the Ascension had dispatched all her heavy commo-
dities at Aden, and that the King of Socotra constantly affirmed
that the winds would not allow of the ships getting to Surat for
four months. Resolution that all should keep company to Aden,
and from thence to the Indies. [Two pages. Indorsed, " Copy of
a project for separating the fleet." 0. C., Vol. I., No. 16.]

490. Lawrence Femell and Hugh Frayne to "our General
Sir Henry Middleton aboard the Trades Increase." After long stay
they had speech with the Aga, governor of this place, who was very
loving and courteous, and sent hearty commendations to Middleton,
with comfort not to fear any hurt to his ship, as without doubt she
will come off without danger. The governor has requested a parti-
cular note of all goods in the ship, which he says it is the custom to

EAST INDIES.

207

1610.

Nov. 15.
[Mocha.]

Nov. 16.

Nov. 17.

Mocba.

Nov. 18.
Mocha.

Nov. 27.

Westminster.

give, to be sent to the Bashaw. Mr. Sharpey did the like. Desire
instructions. Five per cent, custom has to be paid on all goods sold.
Were most anxious that the boats should return again this night ;
reasons why they could not. Think the pinnace should be kept aboard,
when he sends more goods, for here is no place to set her up. Have
a house, but no table, which is necessary to show their cloth and
other commodities. The Aga confidently affirms there is no going to
India until the great western monsoon comes in May ; very little
trade will be had before then. [One page. This and the letters Nos. 491,
493 and 494/rom Mocha were received, as indorsed by Middleton,
" before I was betrayed by the Turks." 0. C. } Vol. L, No. 17.]

491. Femell and Frayne to Middleton. Send particulars of
goods given to the Aga, who was very inquisitive to know what
money was aboard. Are of opinion that the Aga means they should
stay here until the great monsoon ; told him our pepper was from
Acheen and Bantam where we 'have factories. If the ship be
afloat, request Middleton not to be too hasty in landing any more
goods. Boat is sent with a present to Middleton. Think he should
promise a present in return when his ship is afloat. Wm. Reynolds
has the key of the closet of velvets. To-morrow he shall have
beeves, sheep, or what else he requires. [Three quarters of a page.
0. C., Vol. L, No. 18.]

492. Lawrence Femell to Middleton. Report from Aden that
our people as yet have neither bought nor sold anything but
victuals. Thinks the present for the Aga should be two vests of
velvet, two of cloth, one piece of kersey, the piece of plate and
sword blade, which will be a very royal present. Sends him two
kids and some soft bread. [One page. Dated 1609 by mistake.
0. C., Vol. I., No. 14.]

493. Femell to Middleton. On conferring with their interpreter
about delivery of Middleton's present to the Aga, Femell was told that
all the officers of the custom house must first see it ; either the go-
vernor is a man of no command or our interpreter a dissembling
fellow. The customers have nominated five others that must have
presents, so that Femell purposes to have private conference with the
governor, to whom he will certify that it is not the custom of other
countries for all the world to know these things. Does not think it
convenient that the present to " the fat man " should be delivered,
" for nothing can be done here but what is openly seen/' so
returns the presents aboard. Will make the governor acquainted
with his resolution. Sends him an ox, as much as could be got, also
some onions which are scarce and dear. [Three quarters of a page.
0. C., Vol. /., No. 19.]

494. Femell to Middleton. Writes concerning the ebbing and
flowing of the tides, which he conceives to be very necessary in
respect of the building of their pinnace. Goods to be sent ashore
to-morrow. [Half a page. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 20.]

495. Grant to the Governor and Company of Merchants of Lon-
don, trading to the East Indies, to admit into their society, merchants

'JOS

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G10.

Nov. 29.

Westminster.

Dec. 4.

Madrid.

Dec. 17.

Madrid.

Dec. 20.

Mocha.

strangers, aliens, or denizens to trade with them in common stock
they paying such duties for commodities returned out of the East
Indies into the realm as are payable by Englishmen, with the like
liberty to export Indian commodities out of the realm, custom free,
within 13 months, as have paid import duty; with a proviso that
the King may at any time after three years' warning, revoke this
grant, if the continuance of it be unprofitable to His Majesty or the
kingdom. [Sign Manuals, Jac. I., Vol. /., No. 52 Cat., p, C47.]

496. Commission to Anthony Hippon to command the Globe,
fitted out by the East India Company for a [seventh] voyage to
the East Indies, with power to use martial law ; charging him not
to surprise or take any vessels or goods of the King of Spain, or of
any other of His Majesty's confederates. Robt. Browne to succeed
in case of Hippon's decease. [Siyn Manuals, Jac. I., VoL I.,
No. 58. Cal, p. CIS.]

497. Commission to Anthony Hippon to be governor and captain
of all the merchants and mariners going in the Globe to the East
Indies* [Minute. Grant Book, p. G8. DOMESTIC, Jac. I.]

498. Grant to the East India Merchants, that neither the
Governor nor Company of Merchants trading to the East Indies nor
any of their goods shall be hereafter seized or molested in respect of
such trading, with divers other privileges. [Minute. Grant Bk.,
p. 73. DOMESTIC, Jac. L, Cal., p. 650.]

499. Cottington to Salisbury. The Persian Ambassador (Robt.
Sherley) extremely discontented, and gives out that if he receive not
satisfaction by the end of the month he will go to England and
propound what shall be notably advantageous to His Majesty and
his subjects, " seeing they here make so little account of it." Thinks
a little encouragement would send him directly to England, but
hears only, without declaring his opinion until he has Salisbury's
commands. [Extract from Cwresp., Spain.]

500. Cottington to Salisbury. The bearer is one of the pri-
soners brought from the East Indies [? Fras. Bucke or Anthony
Marlowe, see ante, Nos. 457, 4GG.] [Extract from Corresp.,

501. Sir Henry Middleton and L. Femell to Giles Thornton.
They seek by all means to pacify matters; a foolish messenger,
[Hugh] Chambers, most falsely enticed Thornton to give orders to
the Darling, to take all they met with, to their utter undoing in
this place as at Cambaya .... the order given was never
otherwise meant but to give advice to the Peppercorn at Aden for
the voyage .... Let there be no council nor proceeding but
by the advice of Hugh Frayne at present. In a postcript,
Middletton writes, " one grief in the neck of another makes
. . . . of my life, and therefore makes me write I scarce
[know] what. My hope, Chambers report, is false .....
therefore comfort yourself .... to procure the Turks, liberty
to be .... a witness against me for cutting of my own
throat. Thus praying God bless us all and deliver us ironi [the

EAST INDIES.

209

1610.

1610?

1611.
Jan. 5.

Madrid.

hands] of our enemies to a joyful meeting. Amen." Wishes a
knife, paper, pen and ink to be sent to him. " If it be true that
you have given Geo. Jeffe orders to surprise any they meet with, be
silent, but if to the contrary there be such matter, shoot off a piece
of ordnance which will be to us a token of good news." [One page
and a quarter, much injured by damp. 0. C., Vol. I., No, 21.]

502. Estimate for maintaining the navy at Chatham, and
keeping . the shipping on the coasts of England, Scotland, and
Ireland ; with a proposal to let the Triumph, Elizabeth, or Jonas to
the " Estingay Company." on freight, which will save 10,OOOZ. a
year out of the above estimate of 24,625?. [DOMESTIC Corresp.,
Jac. L, Vol. XLIX., No. 49. Gal, p. 659.]

503. Cottington to Salisbury. Discontent of Robert Sherley, the
Persian ambassador, with this State for keeping him so long without
their resolution to his propositions ; his request to speak with
Cottington who went to his lodging, the second time since Sherley 's
arrival. The Persian Ambassador's commission to propound matters
of great honour and profit to His Majesty, besides his commissions
to the rest of the Christian Princes ; his unsatisfactory treatment by
the Duke of Lerma, who cast in his teeth "the baseness of his
brother Anthony ;" being kept a whole year, and finding it impos-
sible for the Spaniards to accomplish what they offer in words,
much less what is desired, ho is resolved to repair to England and
treat only with his natural sovereign and country, for which he
has ample commission, if " he might receive any small encourage-
ment." He doubts not his message will be welcome, but fears the kind
of entertainment he may receive, being born the King's subject, and
wishes, in case of his forcible detention at Madrid, through dis-
covering his resolution to go to England, to know whether
Cottington would take notice of it. The effect of his propositions
are the free and absolute use of two of the best ports in the world
for the English. East Indian traders ; the sale of cloth, tin, lead, furs,
and such other commodities as abound in England in such quantities
as they send into all other parts of the world ; the purchase of silks
at prices for which they may gain seven for one and in such
abundance as will amount yearly to the value of many millions ;
gold, stones, &c., given in exchange for English merchandise without
bringing any silver from England ; customs free inwards and out-
wards. English consuls or other officers, to be appointed by His
Majesty, and to have absolute authority there. Cottington's reply
as to Sherley 's detention, his repair to England and the manner of
his entertainment. Reasons why these propositions, " being in all
appearance so worthy of acceptance" were not concluded upon by
Spain, because of the conditions required ; in England, Sherley will
only propound the settling of a trade by which means the great
course of traffic to Constantinople and Aleppo will be diverted and
the Turk, the King of Persia's enemy, lose the good correspondence
of many Christian Princes. Sherley's desire to leave Madrid with
the best speed possible. All the great ministers of state much
troubled at Sherley taking his leave the next day ; endeavours of

210 COLONIAL PAPERS.

i PI i

the junta to dissuade him from going to England, and to show him
how inconvenient it would prove to the Catholic Church that so
beneficial a trade and inestimable wealth should fall into the hands of
an heretical Prince. 10,000 ducats at least spent by the King of Spain
iipon the Persian ambassador, besides rent of a house ; it were no ill
jest to leave them in this manner. Confessesthat Sherley's propositions
cannot but appear unto the King worth embracing ; he has gotten
very great reputation through his wise and discreet carriage, " in my
poor opinion to those vices which in Sir Anthony do so abound, in
this man ma}* be found the contraries." [Eight page*. Extract
from Corresp., Spain. See " The Sherley Brothers" p. 74.]

Jan. 25. 504. Sir Henry Middleton and Lawrence Femell to [Capt.
' Jesus in znan";Nicholas Downton]. Informed him, in their letter of the 15th, of
[Sana.] their coming to this placo from Mocha with the others from Aden,
as also what passed before the Bashaw, with other. . accidents,
and that the end of their business would fall out well, their being
no just cause to allege against them. Desire him to be very careful
to avoid any attempt to revenge their wrongs. In good hope that
their business will have a good end ; have been scanned and
examined by the higher powers and no cause of captivity found
against them, so that it is determined they shall return to Mocha in
four or five days in company of the Banneane Shabundar, their great
friend. He must look for no more letters before their coming.
Death of Edward Elsmeare and John Baker ; the rest in reasonable
good health. [One page. 0. C., Vol. L, No. 22.]

Jaa 20. 505. Hugh Lee to [Thos. Wilson]. Francis Bucke, and Anthony

Frl>~8 Marlowe, who were brought prisoners from the East Indies, and are

Li-bon. now released with two others, by Fras. Cottington's mediation, going

for England. Both Bucke and Marlowe professed papists, and very

ungrateful to Lee. Henry Fludd, " who never wished me good,"

always with them in their prison until he made them firm of his flock.

Bucke stayed by order of the Viceroy, his release not having yet

arrived, although granted by the King, so that neither he nor the

rest go by this ship. [Extract from Correspondence, Portugal.]

Jan. 30. 506. Capt. Nicholas Downton, Gyles Thornton, and Hugh Frayne
Trades increase to Sir H. Middleton, in Zinan [Sana] or elsewhere. The long time
Mocha' MI the w ^hout hearing from him and the variety of lies received from
Abyssinian Mocha, have made a deep impression upon them of sadness and dis-
coxst. content, and an honest feeling for their miseries. Complain of the
unchewed, giddy, and rash directions given him by the Company.
Reasons for expecting his directions until the day expired for them
to hear from him ; threatened dangers to the ships, and their great
show to stop the passage of the Indian ships into the Red Sea,
hoping it might turn to his good, and so release him and his com-
pany from captivity. Their " bragging and threatening letter" sent
to Geo. Collison, which they presumed would be carried to the Aga.
Before his letter was received they were in great hope of his present
liberty, but now they perceive he is wrought upon to serve the turn
of others, and for the safe passage in of the Indian ships, by which

EAST INDIES.

Feb. i

Lisbon.

Feb. 22.

Madrid.

1611.

much mischief may be worked. Will do nothing to prejudice or
hinder his liberty ; but suspects they are made instruments one of
another, " that the wolves may the easier devour us all." Pray
they may all have patience, "we having extraordinary x cause to
exercise it." They as also Mr. Adams, [Wm.] Pemberton, and [Hugh]
Frayne send their love and duty, and desire to be remembered to
[Lawr.] Femell, Mr. Fowler, and Mr. Green. [One page and three
quarters. O.C., Vol. /., No. 23.]

507. Hugh Lee to [Thos. Wilson]. Lady Sherley to be lodged
where the King [of Spain] first ordained ; her previous lodging. Sir
Robt. not yet arrived, though expected before this. The release
for the prisoners from the East Indies not come from court, so that
neither Bucke nor the rest may yet depart. [Extract from Corre-
spondence, Portugal.}

508. Fras. Cottington to Salisbury. The Persian Ambassador
arrived at Madrid, and lodged and entertained with more respect
than Robert Sherley hath ; he has been twice with the King and
the Duke of [Lerma], and delivered a present of silks, both wrought
and raw, esteemed at a great value ; a jar between him and Sherley,
they have not yet visited. The business of both of the same nature.
The Persian has his wife with him, and Sherley expects his also
every day from Lisbon, and is resolved when she arrives to go to
England. [Extract from Correspondence, Spain.}

March 2. 509. Capt. Downton to Sir H. Middleton, at Mocha or elsewhere.

Trades Increase I s much comforted to find by his letters, that he and the rest are at

on the Abys- f u jj ij^gpty which puts them all in good hope soon to be possessed

smian coast ot _ *, . r

Mocha. of his presence. It is displeasing that they are so much abused by
Regibaba [? Regib Aga]. So tired with being in the road of Mocha,
where they have spent so much ground tackle " that we fear it as
hell." On the other side they have good water, and the love of the
poor people the inhabitants, " whom the Turks our friends did before
our coming admonish to cut our throats." The country is barren,
yielding small quantity of cattle ; at first they got refreshment for
money, but now their store is spent. Has long determined to work
up to the Babe [Bab-el-mandel] when the wind will permit, to make
inquiry as the ships come for our countrymen at Surat, and to make
our injuries known to move the hearts of other nations to abhor
the injurious Turks. The Aga unwilling they should go to Mocha
road, pretending the ships of India dare not come where they are.
Trusts when he arrives at Mocha that he will inform- himself of
their people and business at Surat, and what commodities may be
vented here. [One page. O.C., Vol I., No. 24.]

March 5. 510. Wm. Pemberton to Sir H. Middleton. Congratulations on

Aboard the his safe return with the rest of his people. Certifies the receipt of

Little Darling. nig i etterSj t h e i as t o f 21st February, and to having answered them.

Account of himself since he gave Middleton the slip, "having taken

a conceipt of captivity under these heathen tyrants ;" how he found

a canoe, tied his shirt with his garters to a pole, aad so got to the

212

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1611.

side of the Increase on 23rd December, spent with labour and want
of drink, " having drank all my own water that nature could afford
me." Dangers which the vessels escaped by stress of weather,
losing anchors and cables. Kindness of the people of the country,
where they purchased provisions ; " this excellent place is 13 leagues
W. by S. from Mocha." Reasons why Capt. Downton does not
write ; both he and Mr. Thornton send their duty, and desire to
hear of the certainty of his long-looked for return. Precautions
taken, " for still I fear treason." [Two payes and a half. 0.6'.,
Yd, /., No. 25.]

March 9. 511. W. Pemberton to Sir II. Middleton, in Mocha. Has yet
Aboard the some doubt of his liberty, fearing that, like a Judas, he will be
e Darling. em b race( j -with a kiss, and for money betrayed again. Cannot
persuade himself but that he [the Aga] means to keep all the
handicraftsmen, in that ho and the country have need of them, and
suspects that all will be looked to narrowly and not one suffered
to come away. If Middleton think fit, " Capt. Downton may
make the Aga afraid with a letter and by shows, and yet not to
meddle with any." Has received the pack of cloth, and sends
paper, knives, &c., tobacco he has none, and such pipes as he could
get, not having any himself. John Frances is fast in the bilboes,
with a pair of manacles, according to his order. [Three quarters of
a page. O. C., Vol. I., No. 26.]

[March.] 512. Wm. Pemberton to Sir H. Middleton. Advises him to
disguise himself in apparel, cut his hair off, and besmut his face,
and with a burden there will be no doubt of effecting his escape.
Once in a boat there is no fear. AVill be ready with his own boat
to second him with shot and ordnance, which will command half
way to the town. Sends his mate, who c&n be trusted, and will
tell him the many ways cast for performing this. [Three quarters
of a page. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 31.]

March 17. 513- Sir Thos. Edmondcs to Salisbury. Advertisement from
1'ari.K. Brest that the wickedness had been such of those Bretons who went
aboard the English ship belonging to the East India Company, as
that to make spoil of the rich merchandise they found therein, they
purposely wrecked her in bringing her into the haven. Has made
a sharp complaint, and procured a commission under the great seal
to the President of Rennes for strict examination of the abuse.
[Extract from Correspondence, France.]

March 17. 514. \V. Pembertcn to Sir H. Middleton in Mocha. Beseeches
a good opportunity may be granted for his speedy escape. Is of
opinion that if Middleton were aboard, Regib Aga would stand in
such awe of him and his ships that he durst not make delays of
what is promised. Is loth to say what would be displeasing, but
hopes Middleton will send for them all over to make the Aga perform
his pledges. Fears he did not like the advice to disguise himself,
but in this heathenish and barbarous place they are void of all
gentle kind of humanity ; doubts as to his liberty. Desires that,
as God delivered the prophet David from the hands of wicked Saul

EAST INDIES

213

161 J.

and Daniel from the lion's jaws, so he may be delivsred from the
claws of those bloodthirsty lions. [Three quarters of a page.
0. C., Vol. /., No. 27.]

March IS. 515. Capt. Downton to Middleton. Condoles with his mis-
Peppercorn, fortunes. Never wishes to go out of this sea until the Turks have
no reason to rejoice for the disgrace they have imposed upon the
English nation. No good performance to be expected from the
Turks but by constraint ; applauds what passed between Pemberton
and Middleton ; and has come with the Peppercorn to do his best,
and what may give least offence to other nations. Awaits his
directions as to the best course to be taken. Necessity of working
with dispatch before the Turks come to batter and keep them in ;
"I am conceited that the Aga hath a trick beyond our present
apprehension." [One page. O. C., Vol. L, No. 28.]

March 18. 516. Capt. Downton to Middleton. Has come to look after
him, his men, and provisions. Is not obligated to any Turk, neither
will Downton wait his will. Has long forborne to recover what the
Turks unjustly detain, having sufficient warning, by the villany they
have committed to the people in the pinnace of the Ascension, that
there is no faithful performance to be expected from those truthless
Turks. As Middleton is in the tyrant's hands, and dare not right
himself, Capt. Downton intends to take command of the ships and
dispose of them as he thinks fit, to recover Sir Henry, his people,
and provisions. Report that they have been taxed by the Turks
with being women in men's apparel, "else they say we should
endeavour to make our peace by force." [Half a page. 0. G(,
Vol. L, No. 30.]

March 18. 517. Gyles Thornton to Middleton. Prays for Sir Henry's
Trades Increase, deliverance out of the hands of the truthless Turks, whose words
and actions are as far different as white and black, of which he and
his company have had too true experience. Has given Geo. Jeffe a
note of their wants which Thornton entreats Middleton to supply.
Commendations to Mr. Femell and all the rest. [One page, 0. C.,
Vol. L, No. 29.]

518. Fras. Cottington to Salisbury. Kobt. Sherley has his wife
with him and they purpose going for England immediately after
Easter, though it is thought he will not be permitted because of the
impediment to their proceeding with the other Persian Ambassador.
Sherley still entertained at the King's charge, but greater honour
given to the other ambassador, whose affection they have won, and
negotiate with " the poor man " at their pleasure. Cannot however
understand that anything of moment is concluded. Sherley and
the Persian have not yet spoken. [Extract from Correspondence,
Spain.]

519. Sir H. Middleton to [Capt. Downton]. Since'his return from
Sana he has made a forced agreement not with the people but with
the Vizir Bashaw, 30 of them patiently to abide to attend the first
westerly winds, the rest to go aboard, which is already performed

March 20.
Madrid.

March 23.
Mocha.

214 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1611.

Sees no reason to doubt ; what is done by the Bashaw cannot be
altered. Marvels at his proposal ; that will only increase the flame.
Explains that lie has better means of judging for the best than
Downton, or any other ; neither is he insensible to his country's re-
putation or his own. Fears not the Turks, but considers the welfare
of his people as becomes a man in his place. Another point of the
agreement that none of our ships should ride in this road being
offensive to strangers of India, our friends, repairing hither. Argu-
ments for waiting for the westerly winds. Desires him not to let
any one of the ships repair hither any more till the westerly
winds return. Will advise him as occasion requires. The Aga
very desirous to have the Turk with Downton sent to him ; in-
structions, also concerning the shipping which is to be well manned
and good watch kept. [One page and a half. 0. C., Vol. I.,
No. 32.]

March 23. 520. Sir Henry Middleton to Gyles Thornton, master of the In-
Moclm. crease. Sends part of his [provisions] ; would have the Darling
letch the rest. Doubts the honesty of the Turk sent over to Capt.
Downton, and that he may do them harm. Wishes half a barrel of
powder and some small shot, and various articles of clothing, sent to
him. Has liberty to go where he will all day, and if he had not
doubted that his company would be cruelly treated could have been
in safety on board before this. Sends a beeve, some hens, and soft
bread. [One page. Mutilated. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 34.]

1G11 ? 521. Advice from Hugh Frayne to Nic. Downton, in the Red

Sea ; being instructions touching trade in the Moluccas. Descrip-
tion of the islands of Banda ; the merchandise to be bought and sold
there. Note written in Dutch in 1 006 and translated by one of the
Company's factors at Bantam, concerning the trade of Amboyna,
with names of the towns on the island. Trade in the Celebes, Mozam-
bique, Malabar, Cochin, Bengala, and Seylan [Ceylon], with table
of Indian cloths and the weights of the country. Advice by Samuel
Bradshaw [Sept. 1610], merchant of the Union, of commodities to
be bought in Surat, and of those which are chiefly vendible at
Priaman, Tinga, Cuta, Barons, Acheen, and other parts of Sumatra,
The proportion of stock of the fourth voyage. Goods landed at
Mocha. [Nine pages. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 35.]

1G11 ? 522. Discourse upon the system of trade pursued by the Dutch
Company in the East Indies. Far more chargeable to drive a
coasting trade to divers factories than to settle factors perma-
nently. Fleets of war, charges of building, fortifications, &c.,
consume the Company's stock. The best diamonds in the world
to be procured from Succadana. Jappara, Gressycq and Ma-

ft ft I O t * ( M K ) II 1 1 H *FC

cassar, the A storehouses of the Moluccas. Acheen pioper for the
trade of Coromandel and Surat. Experienced and honest factors
very needful ; against reason to displace any such, and put new in
their stead. Ships of small charge may carry things to Amboyna,
but some good ships of defence must be used to the Moluccas, for

EAST INDIES.

215

1611?

oftentimes they meet with the enemy. Discoveries yet to be made
to the southward of Java. [Three pages. Imperfect, folios 9 and
10 only. 0. C., Vol. L, No. 36.]

1611.

March 26. 523. Captain Nic. Downton to Sir H. Middleton at Mocha, The
The Peppercorn.bitterness, the unkind and strange construction put upon his former
letter, fills the writer's whole mind " with admiration and grief/ 5
Could readily answer every disjointed and cross point therein, but
is unwilling to grieve Sir Henry, as he by the device of others
wrongs Downton. He never deserved the least evil thought from Sir
Henry, who should not forget the cause of the writer's last going
to Mocha. Desires to have him and all the rest in safety aboard,
when Sir Henry may be assured the writer will not swerve a jot
from his command. [Half a page. ' 0. C., Vol. I., No. 37.]

Trades I n craise.

March 26. 524. Gyles Thornton to Sir Henry Middleton. In answer to
From aboard thesis o f the 23rd. Has dispatched the Darling for the rest of their
.p rovision ^ (( ^^ ^ ea ti n g Turks can spare/' As to sending the
Turk over if he be an honest fellow, "he is a Turk, and therefore
I do much doubt of his honesty." Opinion as to setting him free
before the Arabians. Has sent the powder and other things re-
quested. Refers him to [Mathew] Bragge for an account of their
proceedings, since his most unfortunate detainment from them.
Prays for his full deliverance out of the hands of the unjust Turks.
Since writing the above, Captain Downton and the rest of the
company have thought it fit to detain the Turk, not knowing what
harm he may do Sir Henry. [One page. O. C., Vol. I., No. 38.J

March 28.

[From the
Darling.]

525. Wm. Pemberton to Sir H. Middleton. Has come against
" this unhappy town of Mocha " for the provisions which remain.
Is sorry that any needful things are detained ; there is no remedy
but patience. Hopes he will respect the safety of his own person
before any thing else. Grief of Captain Downton on receiving Sir
Henry's letter, and finding he was displeased at the captain's
coming, which was not without order ; he wished evil to himself
if ever he meant evil to Sir Henry, " and truly I dare swear it/'
. [One page. O. C., Vol. I., No. 39.]

March 30. 526 Commission to John Saris to be captain of the Clove in a
voyage to the East Indies, set forth by divers merchants of London,
with authority to use martial law. [Minute. Grant Bk. } p. 82.
DOMESTIC, Jac. I.]

April 10. 527. Fras. Cottington to Salisbury. The prisoners brought to
Madrid. Lisbon from the East Indies are set at liberty. Interview with
Robt. Sherley, who seemed much perplexed and troubled, saying,
" Oh, Mr. Cottington, I am betrayed where I most trusted ;" he
showed Cottington a letter from Sec. Prada to Anthony Sberley,
thanking him for his plot to secure his brother Robert from going to
the rebels in England. How Robert got possession of it ; he desires
to know whether His Majesty is pleased he should repair to England;
and says he will send Sec, Prada's letter to Salisbury. Thinks it will

216 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G11.

not l>e hard for Robert Sherley to leave Madrid by stealth, yet held
it not fit to advise that course without some order from Salisbury.
[Extract from Correspondence, Spain. Printed in " The tihcrlcy
Brotfwrs," for the RoxburgJte Club, pp. 75, 76.]

April 1C. 528. Captain Downton to Sir H. Middlcton at Mocha. The
The IVppercorn. Darling has been careened ; difficulties of careening the Peppercorn;
requests his directions. Rejoices that he sees reason to have con-
fidence in the Turk's performance ; when Sir Henry has his full
liberty, all the writer's desires will be accomplished. Want of pro-
visions. Wishes inquiries to be made as to an island " near the
midst of this sea." Thanks him for his charge of his son. Divers
men sick ; want of drugs ; understands the apothecary took them
on land at Aden. [One page. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 40.]

April 19. 529. Commission to John Saris to be captain of the Clove,
Hector, and Thomas in a voyage to the East Indies, set forth by
divers merchants of London ; with authority to use martial law.
[Minute. Grant J3L, p. 22. DOMESTIC, Jac. /.]

April 21. 530. Win. Pemberton to Sir H. Middleton. Understands by
Mathew Bragge some part of his mind as to seekjng to the north-
ward for a certain island. Careening of the Darling and Pepper-
corn. Mr. Thornton, Mr. Adams, and Mr. Frayne remember their
duty to him. Requests some lime to mingle witli the powder.
[Onepaye. O. C., Vol. L, No. 41. J

April 23. 531. W. Pemberton to Sir H. Middleton. Is sorry he is offended
The Darling, \vith him for the badness of the wine, and craves his pardon, as it
was unknown to him. Has found out a notorious malefactor, who
broke open a chest and stole some money ; desires to know his
pleasure for punishing " so vile a knave ;" many things have been
lost this voyage, but the thief never found till now. [Half a pane.
0. C., Vol. L, No. 42.]

April 23 532. Lawrence Femell to Thos. Steward, purser in the Trades
Mocha. Increase. Sends a great jar of oil " for lights ;" also calicoes and
other goods to buy victuals for the fleet. [One page. 0. C., Vol. I. t
No. 43.]

May 11. 533. Lawrence Femell and John Williams to Sir H. Middleton,
Mocha. general of the English fleet on board the Darling." Ten of them
in prison ; being called before the Aga, he wondered, having but ten
or fifteen days to stay, that Sir Henry should make his escape. The
Aga must write to the Bashaw of what has passed ; in 15 days at
furthest the Aga doubts not an order will come for their enlarge-
ment. Not one slain, but Williams hurt, Femell escaping narrowly.
All are " in chains by the neck," the writers excepted. Some of the
chiefest men who pity their state have obtained [a promise] from
the Aga that none shall be put in irons or otherwise wronged, but
remain in their house till the time has expired. If they are not
then delivered, beg he will seek deep revenge. [One page. 0. C.,
Vol. /., No. 44.]

EAST INDIES.

217

1611.
May 12.

Mocha.

May 13.

Aboard the
Darling.

[1611.]
May 13.

May 13.

Mocha.

May 14.

Mocha.

534. Femell to Middleton. The governor bids him write in
answer to Sir Henry's letter, that although there were a thousand
ships and Sir Henry burnt every one as well as battered the town,
he could not dismiss them until he had advised the Bashaw, upon
pain of his head, and requested Sir Henry would have patience for
15 days. Middleton's departure on board has stricken with fear
the Babuls and Malabars ; presents since brought by them.
Assurance given that upon the answer being received they shall be
delivered. The schedule sent of their names ashore is just, only of
Walter Taobutt there is no news. Are all in their house guarded by a
dozen soldiers. Requests some wine and money. [One page.
0. C., Vol. L, No. 46.]

535. Sir H. Middleton to Femell. Has received his letter by the
Nahuda of the Malabars, and is contented at his entreaty and for
his sake to hold good quarter with the Turks for the time limited,
upon condition that certain things specified are given up, for which
the Nahuda has passed his word, and to whom Sir Henry has given
a good sword blade. The ships are in sight, and it is hoped will be
in the road before night. Wishes him to inquire concerning Walter ;
to buy certain things, and tell the bearer that all Sir Henry has
yielded to is for his sake, otherwise he would have beaten the town
about their ears. [Three quarters of a page. 0. C., Vol. I.,
No. 45a.]

536. Femell to Middleton. Replies to his letter concerning the
goods to be given up by the Aga. How their " ill fortune in not
escaping proceeded." Femell placed two bullets in one of his pur-
suers, and warded off another soldier with his pistol, who purposed
to have cloven his head [in two] ; the blow was so violent that his
assailant's sword fell into the sea. Cannot hear of Walter Taobutt.
[One page and a half. 0. C. } Vol. I., No. 45.]

537. Femell to Middleton. A sail in sight, he supposes from
Jeeda. Whether it were best to seize her or no. It is reported
that above 100 Jelbas will arrive. Thinks their purpose should not
be betrayed except she be a ship of importance. The " Subbashy "
who supped with them is in fear of his head ; he says if he has not
good news he will visit Sir Henry aboard. Cassam has taken
sanctuary in the church, and is pardoned. Sends his bedstead.
[Half a page. 0. C., Vol. L, No. 47.]

538. Femell to Middleton. Has acquainted the Nahuda and the
Emir with the contents of this letter, except the first point in
reference to Walter Taobutt. Suspects he is secreted in Mahomet
Aga's house. The other points of Sir Henry's capitulations they
say shall be granted. Sends various things on board. [One page.
0. C., Vol. L, No. 48.]

539. Femell and Williams to Middleton, on board the Trades
Increase. Recapitulation of Femell's letter of the 13th, excepting
the latter part cencerning Walter Taobutt, who they inform Sir

218

COLONIAL PAPERS.

May 15.

Mocha.

1611.

Henry, in this letter, was drowned and cast ashore last night in
the bay. Send him a pair of silk stockings and 20 mats, and
beseech him to use kindly the Nahuda and Sufrage, the Shabundar's
man who goes aboard. [One page and a quarter. 0. C., Vol. I.,
No. 49. |

540. Uegib Aga, governor of Mocha, to Middleton. Is con-
tented to ratify what the Nahuda promised, from whom he will
receive anchors, cables, and pitch and tar. Cannot give up the
pinnace without the Bashaw's command, to whom he has written.
Sends all the surgeon's tools that can be found, also 400 loaves of
bread, an ox and two baskets of plantains to make merry with his
friends that are come this morning. Doubts not all things will be
performed according to his expectation, "and our promise at the
time limited for the deliverance of your people here." [One page.
0. C., Vol. /., No. 50.]

May 15 ? 541. Middleton to FemelL Perceives the Aga is willing to part
with such things as he could not avouch the keeping of; sus-
pected as much concerning the pinnace. Protests that neither
the Subbashaw nor any others were accessories to his escape ; for
since he durst not trust the secret with any of his own people much
less would he with a stranger. If Mustapha told the Aga tho
five hogsheads of pitch and tar were a gift, " he is a liar, for I never
gave him any." Does not think the coxswain was in fault as to
Femell's apprehension. Kequests him to procure certain articles.
Is sorry for the death of Walter [Taobutt]. [One paye. 0. C.,
Vol. I., No. 49.]

May 15.

Abo.ml the
Trades Indvas

May 15.

Mocha.

May 15,

542. Middleton to Femell. Expects to be recompensed for the
things that are wanting; supposes he must lose his ring as the

' Emir Bahur denies it. Wishes him to tell Nahuda Mahomet that
of all the indignities offered, this is one of the greatest, to be
detained with a fair wind contrary to the Bashaw's promise ; shall
look to the Aga to provide him and his people with victuals all
the time they are riding there, not less than three beeves and three
sheep a day will serve them. Requests certain things may be
demanded and sent to him. The Aga must needs either have the
plate or know what has become of it, " for he was at the breaking
up of the chest" Wishes him to speak to the Aga that he forbid
not Sir Henry's friends coining on board his ships at their pleasure.
[One page and a quarter. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 51.]

543. Femell and Williams to Middleton. Yesterday they re-
ceived his letter and interpreted it to the Aga. All things remain
quiet, both sides depending on the promise and determination of the
Nahuda. Various things sent to him. The Subbashaw and others
omit not to be their guests at times. Request some cider and
wine, their best drink being water. [One page. 0. C., Vol. /.,
No. 53.]

544. Femell to Middleton. The Aga will neither provide nor
send him any beeves or sheep, and says he little esteems these every-

EAST INDIES. 219

1G11.

day new demands, and will not listen to any one of them. If
Sir Henry break the peace by burning the India ships, that is
nothing to the Aga ; if he shoot at the town, the -Aga will fire
from the shore, and requite any harm done upon those [Englishmen]
in Mocha and other places ; how pleasing it will be to the Grand
Signer to have his town of Mocha battered in, the Aga leaves to
Sir Henry to judge. The Nahuda and Sir Henry's friends can have
free access to his ships. Bragging words used by the Aga, " he
would have you set your hurt at quiet and not to listen to light
councillors." They have not been hardly used, all being suffered,
two at a time, to go at liberty to provide necessaries. [Three quarters
of a page. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 5 la.]

May 15. 545. Femell and Williams to Middleton. Copy of the preceding,
Mocha. with the following addition : All Indian commodities have risen
[in price] exceedingly. Concerning the armourer's tools. Think it a
discredit to borrow money of the Nahuda Mahomet. Wish to keep
out of debt. His dealing upon a Jelba was seen in the town. He is
desired to have patience till the limited time expires for their release.
[One page and three quarters. 0. C., Vol. L, No. 54-.]

May 16. 546. Middleton to Femell. Perceives the Aga's answer to his
The increase, demands to be negative and respectless. Were it not for harming
Femell and his company Sir Henry would make the Aga send both
beeves and sheep. It is but bragging for the Aga to say how little
he esteems Sir Henry's threats, for he knows his fear well enough.
At the entreaty of the Shabundar and Nahuda Mahomet, he will for-
bear to do what he might. Will burn the India ships, which are
Sir Henry's friends, rather than lose the benefit of revenge upon so
vile a traitor. Before long the Aga's government will cost him his
head. His ordnance is far inferior to Middleton's. Though Sir Henry
should fire the town and beat it smooth about their ears, he cares
not whether it be pleasing or displeasing to the Grand Signer, " I
am out of the reach of his long sword/' Let the Bashaw and the
Aga consider that the King of England will not take well the be-
traying, robbing, and murdering of his subjects to the great dishonor
of the Grand Signor and his nation. Let Sir Henry's friends stay
ashore, he will not be beholden to the Aga for them to come
aboard, and let him not doubt but that the writer will make good
his words at any time. Whoever tells Femell the winds will be
variable for 12 days is better acquainted with the devil than
Sir Henry desires to be. They begin to play their wonted tricks in
intercepting things which are sent ashore. Requests him to pur-
chase certain articles. What he did to the Jelba was with intent
that the town might see it, and know he was commander by sea,
but not to rob and steal, as the parties can witness. Sends him
wine, cider, and other things. Some points of the letter have
been interpreted to the bearer ; he may use his discretion for the
rest. Wishes to light upon some Turks of worth, to help redeem
them if required ; this a reason for taking Jelbas. [Two pages.
0. a, Vol. /., No. 52.]

220

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1011.

May 17.

Mocha.

May 17.

Mocha.

May 18.

Aboard the
Increase.

May 18.

Mocha.

May 18.

Aboard the
Increase.

547. Femell and Williams to Middleton. The Aga demanded
the effect of Sir Henry's letter received yesterday, and was well
pleased to understand that there was nothing hurtful, swearing that
when the Bashaw's answer arrives, they shall be at liberty to go
aboard. Divers opinions on his taking the Jelba, being very fresh
in their sight. If any of our people should be taken they would be
put into miserable captivity. Provisions sent and required. [Oiic
2xigt. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 55.]

548. Draft of the preceding. [0. C., Vol. I., No. 52.]

549. Middleton to Femell. Doubts not but the Aga by force
or by fair means will be made to perform his promise. Would have
desired nothing better than that he should have sent 200 soldiers to
rescue the Jelba, for then Sir Henry would have had more pledges.
" If they think they cam mend themselves that way, let them attempt
it when they will." Sends a sword blade to Nahuda Melech, and
100 pieces of eight to Femell, according to his request. What pro-
vision he makes for sea will be welcome. Wishes him to get a very
fine piece of brown calico to make Sir Henry some clothes. [Draught.
One page. 0. C., Vol. L, No. 55a ]

550. Middleton to Femell. Has made seizure of the ship of
Diu and her goods, together with all the people in her, who he
purposes to detain as pledges for them [the English prisoners]. The
Shabundar is Sir Henry's friend, but in this he must excuse him,
Sir Henry will not permit one man to go on shore until the English
are released, but will not suffer any wrong to be done to the crew.
[Ualf a page. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 5G.]

551. Femell to Middleton. A small boat sent from the town
to a Jelba with letter from the Aga to return as Femell supposes
for Cameran and there to stay till we [the English ships] were gone
and give notice to all others. Requests a compass and a small map
of the world for Mahomet Aga. Report of a ship in the Babb
| Bab-el-mandel] with slaves and other commodities ; recommends
that she be prevented from unlading. The ships of Diu hardly
expected. [Half a page. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 57.]

552. Regib Aga, governor of Mocha, to Middleton. Sends
one oi his swords " by chance found," likewise two oxen and other
provisions as a token of his good will. Very shortly expects news
for the delivery of his people. Wishes him to unlade the goods re-
maining in his ships, and to suffer a ship of Diu quietly to unlade.
Begs him to let things be referred, as they must, to their betters in
Constantinople and part friends. The Shabundar to whom the
Diu ships belong, sends him a carpet. [One page. 0. C., Vol. /.,
No. 58.]

553. Middleton to Femell. Has received the Aga's letter and
returned an answer which Sir Henry wishes may be interpreted to
him. Will not return a compass until he knows who it is for and

EAST INDIES.

221

1611.

May 18.

Aboard the
Increase.

May 19.

Mocha.

May 19.

Mocha.

May 20.

May 21.

Mocha,

whether it is deserved. Has no maps but such as Wm. Speed has ;
sends one of the world in two hemispheres. Regib Aga has sent
a paper enclosed in wax, which Sir Henry wants interpreted. Will
not permit any ships to unlade until they [the English prisoners]
are on board. Femell's letters all dated a day after they were
written. Sends a piece of gilt plate as a present to the Shabundar.
[Half a page. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 57a.]

554. Middleton to Regib Aga, governor of Mocha. Has re-
ceived his own naked sword and dagger, and hopes he will send the
rest [of his things]. His oxen and other provisions have also been
received ; if he did right he would send the like proportion every
day. Sir Henry will not permit the landing of any goods until he
has all his people ; their detention is as tedious to them as the for-
bearance of landing goods is to him. " If you advise the Bashaw,
what is that to me ; I am no subject of the Bashaw's, but a servant
of the King of England, besides whom I will not be commanded by
any king under heaven." Dares him to show his face at Constanti-
nople. The foolish paper he sent b}>- Nalmda Mahomet, Sir Henry
neither knows nor cares what it is ; his own trust is in God, and he
respects not " what the devil or you can do with your charms."
Rests " as you shall deserve, Heniy Middleton." With note that
all is interpreted to the bearer as it is written. {Half a page.
0. C., Vol. L, No. 60.]

555. Maleck Amber, Nahuda of the great ship, captain of
Dabul, to Middleton. Compliments. Doubts not but that within
eight days an answer will come frbm the Bashaw for the English
people's deliverance. Offers to give Sir Henry letters for any part of
India, and desires the like from him for safety if the writer should
meet with any Englishmen. Promises him friendly entertainment
and trade if he will go to Dabul. [Three quarters of a page.
0. C., Vol. /., No. 59.]

556. Femell and Williams to Middleton. Concerning certain
things Sir Henry wrote for. Last night a very extraordinary night,
nothing but preparation of soldiers and weapons. The removing of
the ship from the place where she first anchored is taken very
heavily. The Shabundar, to whom the goods belong, goes aboard
Middleton's ship this morning. Send all the singing books that can
be found. Beg him to send a compass. [Three quarters of a page.
0. C., Vol. L, No. 61.]

557. Shermale Shabundar of Mocha to Middleton. The ship
which came into the road last night belongs to the writer ; hopes as
they have been friends that he shall find Sir Henry friendly towards
him. It cannot be long before the Bashaw's answer comes, when
Sir Henry's people shall be sent aboard. Begs that some of his own
people may come ashore. [Half a page. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 62.]

558. Femell and Williams to Middleton. Since their last they
have had a heavy storm, having all been put in irons, four together, in
galley chains. Were called before the Aga the next day, and told

222

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1611.

May 21.

Mocha.

May 21,

May 22.

Mocha.

May 22.

Aboard the
Increase.

the reason was because Sir Henry demanded the return of the
goods taken from them ; the Aga says he will keep themselves also,
for as easily they may answer both as one ; were then released from
their irons. Are persuaded that Nahuda Mahomet deals doubly.
Jattar A< r a is appointed to lie with them in their house, that they
may not escape. The Aga gave them an ox to make them amends.
Request he will send them a good compass. Mr. Fowler writes
bad news from Cambaya. Nahuda Mahomet the cause of the late
storm, " if you please you may make as if you did not know it."
Hear from the purser of the Diu ship no other but good news of
Cambaya. [One page. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 64.

559. Draught of the preceding, not signed. [0. C., Vol. 1.,
No. 5Gci.jj

560. Middleton to Femell. Is sorry to hear of his hard usage,
caused by a report that Sir Henry should challenge restitution of
themselves, and all the goods. Propounded no such matter, neither
would be so indiscreet as to reveal his designs to any Indian what-
soever. Aims now at the liberty of their persons only. Doubts
whether to eat the ox coming from so manifest an enemy. The
news touching the English at Cambaya he fears is too true. Let
the Aga look to himself if he perform not his promises within the
limited time. Wishes 100 Ib. of candles to be bought. The Nahudars
neglect him, and no man stirs in his business but the Shabundar.
To write no more for a compass unless he says who it is for. [Three
quarters of a page. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 63.]

561. Femell and Williams to Middleton. Acknowledge their
error in dating their letters a day too soon. Would not have
him ground his affection so suddenly to condemn the Nahuda
and excuse the Shabundar ; protest they know not which is the
" honester." Causes alleged for putting them in chains ; Maleck
Amber spoke most earnestly and boldly in their cause. The
compass is for the Maleck of the Great Dabul's ship. The Shab-
undar very desirous for a youth, a Guzerat, to come on shore.
If the news be true from Cambaya, the slackness used in following
that trade has been the cause ; " if the Portugals seek to work us
out we must endeavour to keep ourselves in." Answer expected as
to their delivery on Friday ; the common voice is, the news must
be good. Are at present in the Aga's house. [One page and a half.
0. C\, Vol. I., No. 65.]

562. Middleton to Femell. Explanations concerning the treat-
ment of the Nahuda and the Shabundar. If Maleck Amber be
kind now, it is more from fear than love. As for the compass Sir
Henry brought none to sea to sell, is nevertheless content to send
one since he hopes it will do him good. Will not part with the
Guzerat youth till all his own people are aboard [One page.
0.6'., Vol. I. No. 06.]

May 23. 563. Femell and Williams to Middleton. Acknowledge having
Mocha. received the compass. Concerning other things required by Sir

EAST INDIES.

223

1611.

Henry. Visit from a decrepit old man, [father of the Guzerat
youth], showed Sir Honry's promise, that as soon as they were sent
aboard, he would be sent ashore. Prices of goods. Fear the news
from Surat to be too true, " for when John Mednall was in Agra, a
fryar wrought him out of the country, fitt instruments of evill."
[Three quarters of a page. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 67.]

May 23. 564. Draft of the preceding, not signed.
Mocha. No. 66a.].

[0. C., Vol. /.,

May 23. 565. Middleton to Femell. Acknowledges receipt of certain

Aboard the articles. Understands the father and mother of the youth detained,

Trades Increase. ma k e great lamentations for him; is glad they can take it so to

heart; purposes to keep him till he sees all his company safely

aboard. Requests him to send three beeves and three oxen, " but

be careful the Turks feed them not with that which may do me and

my people hurt ; I mean poison." To remember his loadstone. [One

third of a page. 0. C,, Vol. L, No. 68.]

May 24 566. Femell and Williams to Middleton. The Maleck will
Mocha. furnish a loadstone. Provisions sent. This day the Bashaw's
letters arrived from Zananne [Sana] and it has been spent in con-
sultation about their delivery. The Nahuda Mahomet to go aboard
to receive a writing from Sir Henry that he will not harm any ships
whatsoever in this sea, with other articles, when the Shabundar and
the Nahuda will become pledges for them ; entreat him to give them
content. Difference between the Governor and the Nahuda of the
Dabuls, the Nahuda telling him plainly of his injurious dealing
toward them. The market yielded but one beeve. [One page.
0. 0., Vol. L, No. 69.]

May 25.

Aboard the
Increase.

May 26.

Mocha.

567. Middleton to Femell. Promise of Nahuda Mahomet that
" you all '' [the English prisoners] and their things, and the pinnace,
shall be delivered on board to-morrow. Sir Henry's promise to sail
48 hours after. Sureties demanded for performance, but thinks he
has satisfied them without. The Nahuda has undertaken to restore
Sir Henry's plate and other things belonging to him. The bearer
partly promises all save the main bulk of their goods. Perceives he
need not tie himself to so sudden a departure ; they have promised
to deal for some merchandise, and to allow free recourse to the shore.
[One page. 0. 0., Vol. /., No. 70.]

568. Femell and Williams to Middleton. The Nahuda, so valiant
aboard to promise, utterly denies to the Aga having made any
promises at all. Beg him to send a boat ashore, for they have not
a sufficient one. Their pinnace is being launched. Request him to
make an absolute demand that they be sent aboard to-morrow, for
delays breed dangers. A chief man come from the Kyha ; fear it is
about the 1,200 ryals promised to his master, see not how it can be
avoided or excused. Good will of the Aga to Sir Henry. Presents.
[One page. 0. C., Vol. L, No. 71.]

224

COLONIAL TAPERS.

1(511.

May 20. 569. Declaration that Sir Henry Middleton arriving at Mocha
Aboard the with three English ships in November, 1010, was at iirst in out-
rease. war ,j K i low> lovingly received and entertained, but a few days after
was treacherously surprised, with all his people on shoie, Sir Henry
being wounded, many of his people slain, and the rest put in irons ;
all their goods confiscated, and themselves led in triumph, captives
to Sana. Signed by Middlcton, Nicholas Downton, Gyles Thorn-
ton, Win. Pemberton, and John Fowler. With note to tell the Aga
that the meaning of this paper was that upon delivering up the
English prisoners and the pinnace, all the ships and men should
have free liberty, and Sir Henry binds himself not to meddle with
any ships in this sea. [Half a page. 0. C., Vol. L, No. 72.]

May ?

Mocha.

May ?

June 4-.

Alcohvndas.

June 22.
Madrid.

570. " Letter of advice to all English ships to shun the Red Sea,"
Setting forth the tyrannous treatment of the Turks to those of the
sixth voyage ; the treacherous surprise and massacre of tho English
on 28 Nov. 1010, after promises had been given that they should >>e
well used; eight being killed, 14- wounded, and the rest 51 persons put
in irons and imprisoned by express command of the Grand Turk ; the
cause for coming so near the Turks' holy house of Mecca. Their goods
confiscated. Attempt to surprise the Darling with 100 soldiers;
three English and 2(1 Turks slain. Carried to Sana, 14- days'
jourmy from Mocha. The Bashaw praised his own mild nature in
not putting them to the sword. Estimated loss in goods. Caution
to avoid the 1 iroad of Mocha and coast of Arabia. Divers copies ot
this advice left at Mocha and Socotra. The bearer should be well
recompensed. [One poye. O. C., Vol. I , X<>. 73.]

571. Another copy of the preceding, but differing in two points,
the escape of Sir H. Middleton on May 11, 1011, being added and
the estimated loss in goods omitted. [One pa f jQ and a, half. 0. C.,
Vol. I., No. 74-.]

572. Sir John Digby, ambassador in Spain, to Salisbury. Has met
Robert Sherley, who seems to have left the court without the King's
leave : he maketh show to be resolved to go to England to offer His
Majest}' " of his Persian businesses." Cause of his offering them
last to King James having received directions in Germany from
Salisbury Iirst to address himself to other princes, that seeing the
reception he had in other courts His Majesty might know better
how he was to be proceeded with ; his expenses for 10 months have
been defrayed by the King [of Spain]. "The natural Persian " and
he have never met nor held any correspondence. [Extract from
Corrcsp., Spain.]

573. Sir John Digby to Sir Dudley Carleton, ambassador at
Venice. Robert Sherley and his wife making for England ; he pro-
mises matter of much benefit and profit for the state of England ; has
been very chargeable to the King of Spain. The natural Persian,
who it is reported came but to second Sherley's eiubassage, has
also left the Spanish court to take his journey homeward ; he
brought silks, the best that have been seen, to the value of 200, 000
ducats, the greatest part presents to the King of Spain. [Ext met
from Corresp., Spain.}

EAST INDIES.

225

1611.

June 26. 574. Hugh Lee to Salisbury. Good report of Sir Robt. Sherley
July (j. while at the court of Spain, whereby he grew very famous.
Lisbon. Arrival of three Englishmen, Edward Beck, Wm. Hudson, and
Thos. Davis, who belonged to .the Hector and Ascension, cast away
in the East Indies ; their slanderous report of Sherley since his
departure towards England, that he stole his commission, or rather
that he uses a commission without the privity or consent of the
King of Persia, whose ambassador he pretends to be ; also that
she, who he accepts for his lady and bedfellow, is known in Persia
to be a common woman ; they go by this ship for England, and
seem to be very malicious fellows. Beck gave out he was recom-
mended by Thos. Stevens, an English Jesuit in Goa, to Henry Fludd,
the Jesuit at Lisbon. [Extract from Corresp., Portugal.]

June 26. 575. Hugh Lee to Thos. Wilson. A carack arrived from the

j uly (j. East Indies and in it the Archbishop of Braga, who was lately

Lisbon. viceroy there ; also the three Englishmen who were cast away in

the Indies, and go passengers for England. Beck, a Jesuit, "can say

something to the purpose if he be dealt withall accordingly."

[Extract from Correspondence, Portugal.]

Aug. 17. 576. Sir John Digby to Salisbury. Robert Sherley, since his
Madrid. going to Holland, much railed at by the Spaniard. His brother
Sir Anthony has lately had an increase of pension, and the habit
of St. lago sent to him. Thinks they would have done better to
have sent him a suit of clothes instead, "for he hath scarce any
to put on his back." [Extract from Correspondence, Spain.]

Aug. 19. 577. Henry Robinson and Francis Tailor to Sir Thos. Edmondes,
London, ambassador in France. Certify to having delivered his letter to
Sir Thos. Smythe, who took it very kindly that Edmondes should
have considered of the [East India Company's] business about the
Union and her lading, cast away at Audierne by them of the coast.
When Sir Thos. returns to town the Company will consider of an
answer. Request him to urge the Company to elect a fit man to
prosecute the suit, that either they may be satisfied or the issue of
the sentence of the Parliament of Rennes be fully known. [Three
quarters of a page. Correspondence, France.]

Aug. ? 578. [Captain Anthony Hippon and the Merchants of the seventh
voyage] to [the East India Company]. Account of their voyage
from the Cape of Good Hope. Arrived off Zeilon [Ceylon], 1st Aug.,
after a most prosperous voyage. Encounter with a Portugal vessel
bound for Negapatam, which they afterwards suffered to depart freely;
and from which they understood that the Dutch had settled a factory
in Pellacata [?Pulicat]. Resolution to see if any thing might
be done there for the Company's profit, although neither of them
had ever been at the place. Arrival in the road of Pellacata ; par-
ticulars learnt of the country from some Hollanders ; boat sent from
the Shabundar to bid them welcome. Their skiff upset with Peter
Floris and Robt. Browne, who narrowly escaped drowning; con-
ference with the Shabundar, his friendship ; a house provided for

220 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1611.

them. Lucas Antheuniss and ThoR. Essington desired to Land The
Hollanders "did bear a hard hand against them." Caul of the
king exhibited by Jan Van Mcsick, president of the Dutch Com-
pany upon the Coromandel coast, wherein, among other articles, it
was forbidden to all European nations [to trade there without the
consent of? 'mutilated] the Dutch East India Company. Hard
words between them ; referred by the Shabundar to the coming of
Conda Maa, governess of the place. Pellacata belongs to the queen,
being her dowry from the king. Illness of Mr. Browne. Capt. Hip-
pon sent for. Refusal of the governess to give them an audience ; she
sent word she had nothing to say to them, and that this place was
given to the Hollanders by the mere gift of the king. Unsuccess-
ful efforts to see her ; resolution not to go to the king, but to de-
part, because of the want of time and sufficient people to settle a
factory. The place not so available as to be worth any extraordi-
nary charges. If it be thought so, letters should be procured from
His Majesty to the King of Narsinga, Wencapati Raia, for leave to
have a place of residence in any sea town, which will not be done
without great trouble and extraordinary charges. Arrived at Pet-
tapoli on the 18th August, where they were well received by the
governor, and left Antheuniss and Browne with part of the capital
to trade. On August 31, arrived at Masulipatam; were well re-
ceived ; Peter Floris and Thos. Essington employed with the rest of
the capital. Agreement for customs. [Imperfect. Four pages.
0. C., Vol. L, A 08. 75 and 81.]

Sept 5. 579. Sir Thos. Edmondes to Salisbury. Divers of the French
Paris. nobility now going out of Brittany with three or four ships to make
a plantation in some part of the Indies, which they had formerly
discovered. [Extract from Correspondence, France.]

Sept. 7. 580. Captain Anthony Hippon, master of the Dragon, Peter
Masuiipatam. Floris, Lucas Antheuniss, and Robert Browne, merchant at Bantam,
to Win. Finche, merchant, supposed to be at Surat. They left the
Downs on the 5th February last, and have arrived on the coast of
Coromandel, after a voyage of six months and a half. Cannot re-
main above three months, and must then direct their course for
Bantam, doubting not to find some of the three ships of Sir H.
Middleton, either the Trades Increase, Peppercon, or Darling, which
left a year before they did ; or some of the last three ships, the
Hector, Clove, or a ship built in Ireland, which were to depart two
months after. Desire to be informed of the state of affairs, that
they may advise the Company from Bantam. Browne very sick.
Copy by Lucas Antheuniss. With postscript certifying the death
and burial of Robert Browne, 8th September. [One page. 0. C.,
Vol. I., No. 76.]

Sept. 24. 581. Sir Thos. Edmondes to Salisbury. Has received favourable
Paris. assurances from Mon.. De Villeroy about the business of the Com-
pany of East India Merchants, that lie would do his utmost to pro-
cure them justice ; but he alleged that the difficulty would not be

EAST INDIES 227

1611.

small, the delinquents being for the most part of poor condition. He
has promised earnestly to recommend the cause to the Parliament of
Kennes. [Extract from Correspondence, France.]

Oct. 12. 582. Capt. Alex Sharpey and John Jourdain to Sir Henry
Surat, Middleton. Have sent him what provisions they could get. This
late at night. even j n g ^ ne governor sent for them, and told them with great joy
that Sir Henry had taken a Portugal frigate and sunk another ;
hope it is true that by means of some of those of account taken,
they may get on board, " for these people doth but delay us with fair
words, but they durst not displease the Portugals." Their determina-
tion, in case they cannot get to him before he sails, to go to Dabul,
direct their course for Mesopotam [Masulipatam], 40 days journey and
embark on Flemish ships for Acheen or Bantam, where they hope to
meet Sir Henry. The merchants of Surat entreat him to release
their ships ; but for their detention letters could never pass between
them. He may well revenge himself upon the Portugals, their ships
coming from Ormus. Melinde, and other places. Are glad to hear
news of the Union, but sorry for the death of their friends. " As for
the retaining aboard of the Portugal fuctor or any other for our
safe getting aboard it is a thing not to be done." [Half a page.
0. 0., Vol. L, No. 77.] Annexed,

582. i. Note of the provisions sent aboard to Sir H. Middleton,
12th Oct. 1611.

Oct. 13. 583. Warrant for payment of allowances to Sir Eobert Sherley
and his train, sent ambassador to His Majesty by the King of
Persia. See No. 633. [Warrant BL, III., p. 30.]

Oct 16. 584. Sharpey to Middleton. Perceives by his letter of yester-
Surat, day's date that John Jourdain is safe aboard. Great council be-
late at mg t. t w een them [of Surat], when he demanded leave to go aboard ; they
say, if himself and company were aboard, Sir Henry would pre-
sently be gone, and then having, for the sake of the English, broken
with the Portuguese, they would be sure of the friendship of neither.
They seem much to desire to trade with the English. A man of
reckoning, who Sharpey begs may be used with respect, is sent
for some toys, as sword blades, knives, &c., which might be grateful
to Mocacanne [? Mocrob Chan] and a fit present for the king. Was
told, if they were assured of the friendship and trade of the English,
that they would build a castle near where he rides, or at Goga, for
defence ashore ; and that it was wished Mocacanne and Sir Henry
should meet that something might be concluded upon. Promise that
himself and the rest should be safely sent aboard ; begs as he has
already stayed 20 days for them, that he will wait two or three
days longer. [One page. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 77.]

Oct. 23. 585. William Addames to [" my unknown friends and country-
Japan, men, desiring this letter by your good means, or the news or copy of
this letter may come into the hands of one or many of my
acquaintance in Limehouse or elsewhere, or in Kent in Gi-llingham
by Kochester."] Hearing that certain English merchants are in

228 COLONIAL PAPERS

1611.

Java, he is emboldened to write, desiring the Worshipful Company
to pardon his " stoutness." Is a Kentish man, born in Gillingham,
and was brought up in Limehouse, apprentice 12 years to Nicholas
Diggines, and has served as master and pilot in Her Majesty's ships
and the Company of Barbary Merchants about 12 years, until the
Indian traffic from Holland began. Was hired in 1598 by the
[Dutch East] India Company as pilot major to a fleet of five ships,
the General, Jaques Maihore, which set sail about the 23d June.
Account of their voyage to Cape Gonsalves, Brazil, and Annabona,
arriving at the Straits of Magellan 6th April 1590, where there was
much snow, " and with cold on the one side and hunger on the
other our men grew weak." Forced to winter there until 2-tth Sep-
tember, in which time for lack of victuals many of their men died
of hunger. Refreshed themselves at Chili, finding the people of a
good nature, but who would not trade with them by reason of the
Spaniards. Directed their course to the island of Much [Mocha],
but finding none of their fleet there, sailed for St. Maria, and came
by the Cape, where they anchored. The people would not suffer
them to land, " shooting great store of arrows at us," nevertheless,
hoping to find refreshing, some 30 men landed by force, who drove
the "wild people" from the water side, " most of our men being
hurt with their arrows." Made signs of friendship, showing them
iron, silver, and cloth, to give in exchange for victuals. The next
day, 9th November 1599, the captain with 22 officers and men,
armed with muskets, landed, contrary to that which was concluded
on board, the people making signs they should do so, " and when
they were about a musket shot from the boats, more than a thousand
Indians which lay in ambush, immediately fell upon our men with
such weapons as they had and slew them all to our knowledge."
Scarce men left to wind up their anchor. Went over to St. Maria,
where was the Admiral who had left Mocha the day before their
arrival, " having the general, master, and all his officers murdered
on land ; so that all our officers were slain, the one bemoaning the
other." His good friend, Timothy Shotten, pilot in that ship.
Consultation at St. Maria to take all things out of one ship and
burn the other, but the new made captains would not ; resolution to
direct their course for Japan, having understood that cloth was
good merchandise there, and that the King [of Spain's] ships were
seeking them on the coast of Peru. Left St. Maria 27th November,
" with our two ships, and for the rest of our fleet we had no news
of them." Lost their consort in " a wondrous storm of wind as ever
I was in, with much rain." Found not the Cape they sought, " by
reason that it lyeth false in all cards and maps and globes." Came
in sight of land 19th of April [1600], " at which time there were no
more than six, besides myself, that could stand upon his feet."
Anchored about a league from Bungo ; not being able to resist,
many people came aboard, but they did no harm, " neither of us
understanding the one the other." The King of Bungo showed
them great friendship. Death of six of their men out of 2-t.
Addames sent for to the Emperor's court, about 80 English leagues
from Bungo. Audience of the Emperor ; after which he was com-

EAST INDIES. 229

1611.

manded to prison, but well used. Second audience two days after ;
questions demanded by the Emperor ; was again sent to prison, but
his lodging bettered, where he remained 39 days, and looked every
day " to be crossed, as the custom of justice is in Japan as hanging
is in our land." The Jesuits and Portugals against them, telling the
Emperor they were thieves and robbers of all nations, and procuring
friends to hasten the writer's death. The Emperor's answer, " there-
fore against reason and justice to put them to death." In 41 days
brought before the Emperor again, who allowed Addames to go to
the ship and see his countrymen, when he heard that they with the
ship were come to the city ; was received with weeping eyes, they
having understood that he was executed long since. Everything
taken from the ship, with all the writer's instruments and books,
unknown to the Emperor, who commanded that they should be
restored ; but they got back nothing " saving 50,000 ryals in ready
money was commanded to be given us, and in his presence brought,"
for buying victuals and other charges. Their ship ordered from
Sakay [Sakaii] two or three leagues from Ozaka, where the Emperor
was, to the easternmost part called Quanto, about 120 leagues near to
Yedo. Suit, in which much of their money was spent, to go where
the Hollanders had trade. Mutiny among their men ; every one
would be a commander, and have part of the money given by the
Emperor, which was divided about two years after they had been
in Japan, when their ship was denied them, and they were ordered
to abide in Japan. The Emperor gave every man 2 Ibs. of rice a
day, and eleven or twelve ducats yearly, himself, the captain and
mariners all alike. " In process of four or five years " was again
called before the Emperor ; built him a ship of about 80 tons at
his command, " he coming aboard to see it, liked it very well;
by which means I came in more favour with him, so that I came
often in his presence, who from time to time gave me presents, and
at length a yearly stipend to live upon, much about seventy ducats
by the year, with two pounds of rice a day, daily." Taught the
Emperor geometry and mathematics, and pleased him so " that what
I said he would not contrary." Wonder of his former enemies the
Spaniards and Portugals. After five years made supplication to go
out of the land to see his wife and children ; the Emperor not
well pleased, and would not let him go. Further supplications,
and promise that Addames would be a means that both English
and Hollanders should traffic in Japan, "but by no means he
would let me go." Leave given to the captain, who sailed to Pa-
tani, and was shot in a fight with the Portugals, " so as yet I
think no certain news is known whether I be living or dead." En-
treats that his being in Japan may be made known to his wife and
two children, " which thing only is my greatest grief of heart arid
conscience." Is not unknown in Ratcliffe and Limehouse, by name
to Nich. Diggines, Thos. Best, Nich. and Wm. Isaac, Wm. Jones,
M. Becket, and many others, " therefore may this letter come to
any of their hands, or the copy ; I do know that compassion and
mercy is so, that my friends and kindred shall have news, that I do
as yet live in this vale of my sorrowful pilgrimage." Built another

230 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1611.

ship of 1 20 tons for the Emperor, in which Addames made a voyage
from Miako to Yedo ; it was lent in 1G09 to the governor of Manilla
to go with 80 of his men to Acapulco. Ship of 1,000 tons cast
away on the coast of Japan. The governor of Manilla sent in
a bigger ship, made by Addames, to Acapulco in 1G10, which the
Spaniards have now in the Philippinas. Another ship returned in
lO'll with a great present, and an ambassador to the Emperor.
The Emperor has given Addames a living like unto a lordship in
England, with eighty or ninety husbandmen that be as his slaves
or servants, " which or the like precedent was never here before
given to any stranger." Knows not whether he shall come out
of this land ; there has been no means until now, through the
trade of the Hollanders. Arrival of two Holland ships at Firando
in 1609, where they were received with great friendship at the court,
making a condition with the Emperor yearly to send a ship or
two, and so with the Emperor's pass departed. Also of another
ship, in 161 1, with cloth, lead, elephants' teeth, damask, raw silk,
pepper, and other commodities, we ndrousJy well received. " The
Hollanders have here an Indies of money ;" merchandise vendible
in Japan, raw silk, damask, black taffetas, black and red cloth,
lead, and such like goods. Understands there is a settled trade
by his countrymen in the East Indies, and presumes that amongst
some, either merchants, masters, or mariners, he must be known.
Description of the island of Japan ; the people of good nature,
courteous above measure, and valiant in war ; justice severely
executed, without partiality, upon transgressors of the law ; not
a land better governed by civil policy ; very superstitious in their
religion, and of divers opinions ; many Jesuits and Franciscan
friars in the land who have converted many to be Christians,
and have many churches in the island. Hopes by some means
or other to hear of his wife and children, and prays all into whose
hands this letter may come to do the best that his wife, his
children, and good acquaintance may hear of him, and that before
his death, he may hear news or see some of his friends again.
[Thirteen pages and a quarter. 0. 0., Vol. I., No. 78. Printed in
** Memorial* of the Empire of Japan," edited by Thos. Rundall,
for the Hakluyt Society, pp. 1832, who adds that probably through
the. agency of their factors recently settled at Bantam, tivo copies of
this letter (both preserved} were transmitted to tlte East India
Company, and in the sequel it will be perceived the communication
fed to the opening of commercial intercourse between England and
Japan. Purchas has also -printed, this letter, L, 125 et seq., but it
is by no means a correct copy.}

Nov. 2. 586. Sir Robert Sherley to Salisbury. Is unwilling to encumber
" Fro . m y his lordship " with any thing not to seem importunate," and there-
ng ' fore will not urge to have an audience before his leisure will allow.
[One page. East Indies, Vol. /., No. 31.]

Nov. 4.

Madrid.

587. Sir John Digby to Salisbury. Two galleons making ready
with all expedition to carry soldiers and munition, as it is said, for

EAST INDIES.

231

Nov. 7.

" From my
lodging."

Nov. 8.

" From my
lodging."

1611.

Massinbica [Mozambique ?] in the East Indies, because of the pre-
parations, it is understood, the Hollanders are making ; they were to
depart 2nd Nov. [Extract from Correspondence, Spain.'}

588. Sir Kobt. Sherley to Salisbury. The merchants make
many needless oppositions, so that it seems they have no will to the
Persian business. Is well assured the Spaniards will rejoice at it ;
" this great business can bear no delays, for of necessity they that
first come shall be best welcome." Has written to the King of
Persia that His Majesty should not conclude with any prince in this
matter of trade, until good advice from him. Hears there is a
complaint against him from Spain, and " that they will procure to
disgrace my proceedings here to their uttermost;" it' Spain com-
plies with the King of Persia for silk, they will shut up the Red
Sea and have all the world at their will. Begs him to consider the
importance of this business, though the merchants over slight it,
and the desire he has to serve the King and his own country.
[Tiuo pages. East Indies, Vol. /., No. 32.]

589. Sir Robert Sherley to Salisbury. Hopes he will hear his
defence against the accusation Spain has laid to his charge. Explains
how they have confounded his propositions, in which his lordship may
see their indirect dealing. As to the 15,000 crowns of the King of
Persia's money, which Sherley is accused of taking, will be con-
tented "to stand to the doom of those that wish me ill success
here," if he cannot show the King of Persia's commission for that
and 25,000 more. [Two pages.] Incloses,

589. i. Philip III., King of Spain, to Don Alonso de Velasco,
his ambassador in England. That Don Roberto Sherley
came to the Spanish Court, giving himself out to be the
King of Persia's ambassador, and was so received ;
answer was given within a few days to his proposition,
and when ^t was thought he would have taken his
departure with much satisfaction, he made new propo-
sitions. [Spanish. One page and a quarter. East
Indies, Vol. /., Nos. 33, 33 I.]

Nov. 13. 590. John Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton. Mr. Robt.
London. Sherley. as ambassador from Persia, hath had divers audiences, but
doubts his projects are to little purpose, for the way is long and
dangerous, the trade uncertain, and must quite cut off our traffic
with the Turk. [Extract from DOMESTIC, Jac. /., Vol. L XV I I.,
No. 25. Gal, p. 88.]

Nov. 591. Petition of the Merchants of London trading to the East

Indies to Salisbury. Having long endured notorious injuries from
the Hollanders in their trade to the East Indies, the petitioners are
enforced at last to break silence and complain of their griefs. The
Hollanders have forcibly appropriated divers of the chief places of
traffic which of right belong to the English, and seek wholly to debar

232 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1611.

tliem from trade there. The contract made by Sir Fras. Drake with
the King of To mate for the trade of cloves is well known ; Cavendish
had the like promise at Balemboa (Talambuan], iu the south part of
Java, fur all the pepper there. Upon these assurances the mer-
chants of London set out two ships under Captains Raymond and
Lancaster, in which Raymond was ca-st away about the Cape of
Good Hope and Lancaster performed his voyage to Sumatra, but
durst not venture for the Moluccas and was wrecked in the West
Indies. The Hollanders, with English pilots, afterwards made
a successful voyage to Bantam, where they have ever since prose-
cuted a most ample trade. Upon their return the petitioners joined
in a company, manned four of the best merchant ships of the king-
dom, the Dragon, Hector, Susan, and Ascension, settled a factory
at Bantam, and returned laden with spices, having fought with
the enemy and taken a carack. the Hollanders then being glad of
their company. Sir Henry Middleton was then commissioned to
attempt the Moluccas, and there saved the King of Ternate's life
with six Hollanders which were in danger, for which they and the
king promised to lade the petitioners' ships with cloves, but they
were not permitted trade and were absolutely banished the island.
A town, called Taffasoll, with a fort, delivered up to Sir Henry by
the Portugals, with the King of Tidore's consent, is now fortified
by the Hollanders, who besides prohibit all other nations from
trading to those parts. Captain Wm. Keeling was compelled to
leave those islands without lading the Hector. Captain David Mid-
dleton in the Expedition was forcibly put from all trade at Banda.
To colour all these doings the Hollanders slanderously report that
the petitioners have assisted the common enemy, the Spaniard, and
that Sir Henry Middleton gave powder and ordnance to the Portu-
gals to do service against the Hollanders. Thus the petitioners
having the Spaniards and Hollanders enemies in the Indies must
of necessity be enforced to give over their trade there, which is
the chief end the Hollanders aim at. They, therefore, having no
means of remedy, implore his lordship's assistance and mediation
with the States for redress, that reciprocal kindness may be received,
and that they may enjoy freedom of trade, where the prerogative
rather appertains to them than any other. [One page. Indorsed,
" November, 1C 11." East Indies, Vol. /., No. 3-4.]

Dec. 4. 592. John Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton. Sir Dudley
London. Diggs, a great undertaker of this new discovery of the North-west
passage, thinks of nothing else : they are preparing ships against
spring as if there were no doubt nor difficulty in the matter, and
tlie Prince is become a partner and protector. [Extract from DO-
MESTIC, Jac. I., Vol. LXVII., No. 82, Cat. p. 96.]

Dec. 1 2. 593. Sir Robert Sherley to Salisbury. Is loth to intrude upon
his great affairs, " I beseech God upon the knees of my heart to
disburden you of your indisposition," but has an earnest desire to
know what he is to expect in answer of those things proposed in
the name of the King which sent him, having no mind inclined to
idleness, nor to sleep in the favours it has pleased His Majesty to

EAST INDIES.

233

1611.

use towards him.
page and a half.

Sir Walter Cope the bearer of this letter. [One
East Indies, Vol. I., No. 35.]

Dec. 14. 594. [George Ball] ? to Edmond Camden [at Bantam]? Ccm-

Aboard the plains of being kept in ignorance of what is doing although joined

["off Bautam ?"| * n commission, with him and others, and entreats him to obtain

information from his captain and communicate it to him. [One

page. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 79.]

Dec. 29.

Madrid.

595. Sir John Digby to Salisbury. Sir Robt. Sherley ranch
railed at ; those who formerly extolled him for a great good Catholic,
stick not to lay every imputation upon him, affirming that he lived
a Moor in Persia, with other infamies ; they are much displeased
that he is so received in England. But finds them by many degrees
much more troubled with the bruit of the new discovery of the North-
west passage, which is very distasteful to them. [Extract from
Correspondence, Spain.]

1611. Dec. 29. 596. Lucas Antheuniss to Peter Williams at Masulipatam.

1612. Jan. 8. Thanks for his letters. Particulars of mercantile transactions.
Pettapoli. Hopes to leave the 14 parcels contracted for ready in 15 days, and

to have the accounts ready in 20 daj's. [Dutch. One page and
a quarter. 0. C., Vol. I., No. SO.]

Dec. 30.

1611.

1612.
Jan. 19.

Madrid.

597- Commission to Edward Marlowe to be captain and chief
commander of all persons in the James and Solomon, for a voyage
now intended to the East Indies, with like authority to John
Gourney to succeed him if he should die. [Docquet DOMESTIC,
Jac. I., Gal, p. 103.]

598. Similar commission for Thos. Best and Thos. Aldworthe
to be captains successively of two other ships for a voyage
intended to the East Indies. [Docquet. DOMESTIC, Jac. I., Gal.,
p. 103. In Gt. Bit., p. 83, DOMESTIC, Jac. L, these two ships are
named the Dragon and Osiander, and both this and the Receding
commissions are dated Jan. 16, 1612.J

599. Minute of the particulars which Sir Ralph Win wood,
ambassador with the States of the United Provinces, was com-
manded to negotiate. To take notice of the complaints of the
English East India merchants who have received wrongs and
violence from the subjects of the States. [Extract from Holland
Corresp., 1613.]

600. Sir John Digby to Salisbury. The Spaniards very much
discontented and troubled that King James is resolved to send Sir
Robt. Sherley to Persia, and other ambassadors to accompany him,
and seek to disparage both his person and his commissions, not
sparing to give him the name of a cozener and a counterfeit. Digby's
answer, that if he be so, it is not Sherlej'- but the other princes of
Christendom, especially the Emperor, the Pope, and the King of Spain,
who have deceived the King his master, seeming to make no doubt

234 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1612.

of the truth of his commission, and heaping honours upon Sherley ;
His Majesty is, however, resolved to make trial of the validity of his
commissions, and of the benefit of his projects. [Extract from
Correspondence, Spain. Printed in " The Sherley Brothers," for tlie
Roxburghc Club, p. 78.]

Jan. 31 601. Sir Ralph Winwood to Salisbury. Has received his letter

Hague of 22nd inst. [not found"] in behalf of the East India merchants,
and had audience in the assembly of the States General, " to whom
I spake in these words" here follows his speech in French, being
a recapitulation of the petition of the East India merchants of
November 1611 [see ante, No. 59 1], and concluded with His Majesty's
request that these disagreements may be remedied, and in case an
expedient cannot be at once resolved on, that orders may be given
to treat the English merchants with reciprocal friendship, until
some good regulation is mutually agreed upon for continuation of
the traffic [to the East Indies] to the satisfaction of both parties.
Answer of Barnevelt, that this was the first time they ever heard
complaint of their merchants in those parts; he requested Winwood
to deliver his proposition in writing, which was done, and it has
been sent to the administrators of the Company of the [Dutch] East
India Merchants, for their opinion before the required letters can be
dispatched. Has long perceived that the Dutch East India mer-
chants have desired to find our merchants a more methodical passage
for their Indian trade than the navigation by the North-west which
is now projected. Reasons for wishing that the English merchants
had acquainted Salisbury with their grievances in the beginning of
December last, before the last fleet of 1 4- ships sailed from Amsterdam.
[ft will be observed that the petition of grievances, No. 591, is dated
November.] The States will willingly write the letter, but Winwood
doubts whether it will affect the surety of the trade so much desired
by the English merchants. The Company of the [Dutch] East India
Merchants is a body by themselves, powerful and mighty, and will
not acknowledge the authority of the States General more than shall
be for their private profit. [Five pages and a half. Extract from
Holland Coi-resp]

Jan. 602. Hughe Bourman to Sir Thos. Edmondes, ambassador at

Rennes. Paris. Represents the unjust proceedings of the court of Rennes in
a suit brought by the writer and Mons. De RoHnson. on behalf of the
society [of East India merchants] for redress of depredations com-
mitted upon their ship [the Union, wrecked on the coast,] and as
one of the corps to whom the management of the society's affairs
has been entrusted, requests his interference at the French Court.
Incloses,

602. i. Depositions of Pierre De Louamand Francois Le Gojf
of Audienic, taken, in the jrrison at Rennes, concerning
the seizure of the goods from the English ship above
alluded to. ^-j~~ [Together three pages. Corresp.,
France.]

EAST INDIES.

235

1612.

Feb. 26. 603- Relation by Capt. Nic. Downton of the misfortunes which
Aboard the happened to the fleet consisting of the Trades Increase, Peppercorn,
Uabu[ C Eoad. n an( ^ Darling, during two years' voyage, began with glory and set
out with great charges, but since deluded and abused in most
places. Whether they will be able to lade the ships and recover
damages or have a shameful return is not yet known. Injuries and
cruelties received at Aden and Mocha, where the ships were de-
tained eleven months at a loss of 600Z. a month. Entertainment
and securing favour at various places in India. Abuses by the
Portugals and the deputy commanders of the country, and the
disgrace which the inconstant King of Agra imposed on the English
King and nation. His opinion that they should recover their losses
from those who have wronged them, from the Turks, who by treason,
robbed and murdered the English, and practised other cruelties
upon them ; from the Moors, who first by show of welcome and kind
usage invited them to bring a variety of goods and then refused to
buy them ; and from the Portugals who both robbed them of their
goods and took and spoiled their people, continually lying in wait
for their further destruction in another king's country. " This is
my opinion and set down in the zeal of my heart/' [Two pages
and a half. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 82.]

Feb. 26.

London.

March 2.

" From my
lodging."

604. John Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton. We hear that
seven sail of our pirates are gone for the East ladies, and that
there is proclamation in all the ports of Spain for the better usage
of our people than they have found hitherto. [Extract from
DOMMSTIC, Jac. /., Vol. LXVIIL, No. 67. Gal, p. 122.J

605. Sir Robert Sherley to Salisbury. His lordship's indispo-
sition grieves the very souls of his servants ; prays for his health.
Had yesterday a very gracious audience of the King, who
answered that he must make the conclusion of these businesses,
having had the management of them hitherto. His Majesty
determined to make a combination between this state and the
Persian, and thus be assured of a potent friend ; places for ren-
dezvous and assistance in whatsoever may best advantage such
affairs. Assistance promised for his return ; desires that gentlemen
may be admitted " to adventure in fashion of trade/' and have the
King's letter patent. Has spoken with Mr. Merricke, late agent in
Muscovia. \Two pages. East Indies, Vol. /., No. 36. Printed
in " Tlie Sherley Brotlcera" for the Roxburghe Club, p. 80.]

March 1 0. 6O6. Sir Ralphe Win wood to Salisbury. The greftier Aerssens
Hague. brought him a whole volume of recriminations alleged by the
administrators of the Company at Amsterdam and Middleburg, as
against the grievances ot the English East India merchants.
Winwood told him that they did not demand reparation for
wrongs formerly suffered, but assurance that hereafter they might
peaceably trade without the Hollanders' interruption, who by force
of arms besiege the places of chiefest traffic. The English
merchants may judge, by the pieces inclosed, of the accusations
against them, and by the States' answer to his proposition, whether

236

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1612.

March 28.
Madrid.

April 2

to
Aug. 16.

April 30.

London.

April.

it be for their advantage to join with the Hollanders in their trade
to those parts, and both nations to make one company, " which is
hero taken to be the surest course both to live together in good
amity, and to be master over the Portugal in those islands."
In close*,

606. i. The answer of the States General above mentioned,

signed by Acrxsens. [French. Holland Corresp., 1 March
161 2.]

607. Sir John Digby to Salisbury. Three caracks bound for the
East Indies left Lisbon on " J March, with the Persian ambassador,
by whom the King of Spain lias sent a present to the Emperor of
Persia of between eighty arid a hundred thousand ducats in jewels,
plate, and ready money, and given presents to the ambassador and
all his followers. The Indian ships go much poorer than they were
wont. The King of Spain has given orders that no new Christians of
the Jewish race be suffered to go to the Indies, those already there to
come home, and sends now, as he was accustomed, in every ship
f>0,00() ducats to buy pepper to lade the ships homeward. Eight
friars sent with the ambassador to Persia, where they seem to have
great hope of erecting a monastery, and expectation of doing much
good amongst them. [Extract from Correspondence, Spain.]

608. "A relation in two' papers of my [Capt. Downton's] time
spent since the second of April 1012 when I was left by Sir
H[enry] M[iddleton] to guard Aden, till .... of May, and
from thence of the principals of our business, 'till the IGth'of August,
when we disembarked out of the Straits of Bab-el-mandel ;" set
down this month of July 1613 "to inform the [East India] Com-
pany, if need be, of our last business in the Red Sea, not thinking
they shall need it for that they have a more precise journal by
divers who had more leisure to write than I had, though the con-
troversy and unkind ' gangleing ' between Capt. Saris and us were
better to be forgotten than remembered." [Six 'paycs and a half.
0. C., Vol. L, No. 83.]

609. Sir Thos. Smythe to Sir Thos. Edmondes, ambassador in
France. [The East India Company] have lately received letters
from Rennes from Hughe Bourman and Paul Triggs, whom they
have employed to obtain the recovery of their goods [see ante,
jVo. G02], complaining of the injustice of the court at Rennes,
the witnesses being absolved of their oaths by the confessors, and
the malefactors protected by some great persons there. Urges him
to try and obtain justice at the hands of the Queen ; unless the
Company can do so, they will be forced to sue His Majesty for
licence to right themselves against the persons, ships, and goods of
Audierne, as in such cases their charter gives them power to do.
[Two pfiye* and a half. Corr^yondence, France.]

610. Power granted to Sir Henry Thynne to use martial law in
his voyage to Persia. [Minute, dated Apinl 31. Grant Hook, p. 96.
DOMESTIC, Jac. I., Col., p. 127.]

EAST INDIES. 237

1612.

May 21. 611. " Report of an Armenian, who came from tbe court of the
In the port of Prester John some twelve clays since. Goods carried from Dialeque
guna. j-^ Diabequ^ modern Diarbekir] to the King's court, called Dombia
[in the ancient French maps Dambea, modern English Dembia],
" (a very great city)/' twenty-five days' journey by caravan, being
all kinds of India clothing, English commodities, and velvets from
China of all sorts, and their worth. " Commodities which his
country yieldeth, with their prices." From Cairo to Dembia, fifty
days' travel by caravan. Account of the king's state. He sits on
a gilt bedstead like those of China, and daily receives great troops
of men, some days 2,000, and on Fridays, their fast day, a far
greater number. Thirty or forty great men sit near the king, at
whose houses all complaints and suits are heard, and the king, on
their report, administers justice. A great shame amongst them for
any man to be drunk ; the king's drink is made of honey, for they
have not any wine in their country; when he eats all people depart,
except his council ; " the quantity of meat is little, some 15 or 20
dishes to the king's table." The women sit and converse with the
men. The Turks only come near them for merchandising. The
King has four wives for succession, but the commonalty hath but
one ; his religion is nearer the Greeks than any other. He has not
less than 300,000 fighting men ; their arms are like the Turks ; some
40,000 mules, the only beast they go to war with, for their long en-
during and passing the mountains ; they ordinarily make war with
savage people who have not the knowledge of God. Great quantity
of elephants, but they are not used for war, being killed for their
teeth. The present king is called Susinnus. Dembia is situate
on the Nile, which at that place is at least eight leagues across,
and has at least eighty islands, small and great. Four or five days'
journey from Dembia is a mountain called Phillassa, inhabited by
Jews, so steep that they are wound up in baskets, and very high,
the compass is ten days' journey ; it is very fruitful, and inhabited
with many people, who are tributary to Prester John, but often
rebel. Zeila, two day's journey without Bab-el-mandel, is twenty-
five days' journey to Dembia. [Three pages. Indorsed, " An
Armenian his report of the Prester John or the Ethiopian emperor."
0. C., Vol. L, No. 84.]

May ? 612. Queries relative to coinage ; whether the price of silver should

not be raised as that of gold has been ; proportion of gold to silver ;
the East India Company gives more for silver than the Mint master;
suggestions that the East India Company should bring the bullion
into the Mint, and from thence carry it away in Spanish money ;
officers to be appointed to see that no more be carried away than
is allowed by their stint ; proportion of exportation over importa-
tion certified by the merchants to be at least 200,000^. per annum ;
proposal that all merchants or goldsmiths be prohibited by proclama-
tion, from giving a higher price than the King, except the East India
Company. Articles to be propounded to the merchants. [DOMESTIC,
fac. L, Vol. LXIX., No. 8. CaL, p. 129. The proclamation is
dated May 14, 1612.]

238

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G12.
Juno 20.

Madrid.

June 20.
Mocha.

July 1 L\

Madrid.

July 26.

Bletsoe.

613. Sir John Digby to Sir Dudeley Carleton, ambassador at
Venice. Tho Spaniards very much displeased " with our new dis-
covery of the North-west passage, but more particularly with our
]lantation in Virginia," and stick not to say that if His Majesty will
not cause it to be recalled, the King of Spain will be forced by a strong
hand to essay the removal of it. [Extract from Corresp., Spain.]

614. llider Aga of Mocha, and Mammy Capitan to Sir Henry
Middleton. Have had orders from the Bashaw to "accord a peace"
with his worship ; but the demands of Captain John Saris for hurts
received, of which they know nothing, he having received from then:
no other than honour and presents, prevent them from concluding
the peace, " for he [Saris] demands false demands." [Copy. One
pttrie. 0. a, Vol. /., No. 86.1

615. Sir John Digby to Sir Thos. Lake. Advertisements from
(loa and Ormus that the King of Persia sends this year in the East
Indian caracks of Portugal a quantity of silks to the value of
400,000 or 500,000 crowns, and with them an ambassador; a great
testimony, if true, how much the Persian desires to settle a trade
in these parts of the world, which Digby would be very sorry to
see absolutely neglected in England. The Spanish Ambassador has
orders both to discredit Sir Robert Sherley and to hinder His
Majesty from proceeding with him. [Extract jroni Correspondence,
Spain.

616. Grant reciting that Henry Earl of Northampton, Charles
Earl of Nottingham, Thos. Earl of Suffolk, Henry Earl of South-
ampton, Wm. Earl of Salisbury, Theophilus Lord Walden, Sirs Thos.
Sinythe, Robt. Mansell, Walter Cope, Dudley Diggs, and Jas.
Lancaster, Rebecca Lady Romney, Fras. Jones, alderman, John
"Wolstenholme, John Eldred, Robt. Sandye, Wm. Greenwell,
Nicholas Leate, Hewett Stapers, Wm. Russell, John Merricke,
Abraham Chamberlain, Philip Burlamachi, merchants, the Muscovy
Company and the East India Company of the sixth voyage, did, in
April 1610, set forth the discovery and certain persons, under the
command of Henry Hudson, to search and find out a passage by
the North-west of America to the Sea of Suz, commonly called the
South Sea ; who have in that voyage found a strait or narrow sea
by which they hope and purpose to advance a trade to the great
kingdoms of Tartary, China, Japan, Solomon's Islands, Chili, the
Philippines, and other countries, for the better accomplishment and
discovery, of which they have sued for licence to join with others
and be incorporated into a company. '* In regard, it is an euter-
prize tending to so worthy an end, and which now at last afttr
many proofs hath obtained so happy and likely a beginning, we
have thought of some extraordinary means to grace and honour the
same ;" and constitute " our dear son immediately under ourselves
(whose protection is universal)" supreme protector of the discovery
and company, and

Geo. Archbishop of Hen. Earl of North- Chas. E. of Notting-

Canterbury. nmpton. hara.

Thos. Lord Ellesmere. LudovicDukcof Lenox. Earl of Arundel.

EAST INDIES.

239

1612,

Thos. Earl of Suffolk.
Gilbci't Earl of Shrews-
bury.

Edward Earl of Wor-
cester.

Wm. Earl, of Pem-
broke.

Henry Earl of South-
ampton.

Wm. Earl of Salisbury.
Philip Earl of Montgo-
mery.

Robt. Viscount Lisle.
Robt. Viscount Ro-
chester.

Thos. Viscount Fenton.
Lord Montcagle.
Lord Darcy.
Lord Compton.
Wm. Lord Cavendish.
Lord Arundel of War-
dour.

Theop. Lord Walden.
Edward Sackville.
Sir Edw. Cecil.
Lord Rosse.
Sirs Julius Caesar.

Edw. Phelipps.

John Harrington.

Wm. Cavendish.

Henry Huberd.

Wm. Maynard.

Thos. Puckering.

Henry Carie.

Geo. Moore.

Thos. Lake.

Fras. Bacon.

Thos. Chaloner.

Chas. Cornwaleys.

John Digby.

Thos. Smythe.

Robt. Mansell.

Walter Cope.

John Hollis.

David Murrey.

Hen. Guilford.

John Sams.

Hen. Fanshawe.

Arthur Manner-
inge.

Valentyne Knight-
ley.

Rich. Smith.

John Cutts.

Geo. Haward.

Wm. Paddy.

Thos. Hayes.

Dudley Diggs.

Sirs Wm. Steede.

Jas. Lancaster.

Hainon le Strange.

Hen. Bowyer.

Edw. Lewis, and

" John Howard.
Rebecca Lady Rom-

ney.

Adam Newton.
Thos. Stephens.
Rich. Connocke.
Paul Bannyng.
Geo. Bowles.
Wm. Cockayne.
Fras. Jones, alderman.
John Wolstenholme.
John Eldred.
Robt. Sandye.
Wm. Greenwell.
Nicholas Leate.
Hewett Staper.
Wm. Russell.
John Merricke.
Abrahu Chamberlain.
Philip Burlamachi.
John Smith.
Thos. Digges.
Thos. Smith, jun.
John Digges.
John Wolstenholme,

jun.

Henry Wolstenholrae.
Dr. Wm. Barlowe.
Oliver Styles.
Thos. Culpeper.
Robt. Hunniwood.
John Fowles.
Wm. Garway.
Wm. Quarles.
John Eveline.
Rich. Chamberlain.
Thos. Watson.
Hen. Tweedy.
Nic. Salter.
Wm. Fanshawe.
Capt. Thos. Button.
Rowland Reynoldes,

Esqrs.

Robert Middle ton.
Thos. Stone.
Robt. Bateman.
Wm. Burrell.
Wm. Millett.
John Bancks.
Thos. Westwray.
Robt. Gore.
Morris Abbott.

Rich. Deane.

Benj. Decro.
Uic. Wyche.
Ric. Ironsyde.
Humph. Smyth.
Jeffrey Kirby.
Thos. Fettiplace.
Humph. Handforde.
Hen. Polsteade.
Thos. Garway.
Robt. Bell.
Edmund Cryche.
Edm. Scott.
Geo. Scott.
Peter Chamberlain.
John Castelyne.
Thos. Jeofferies.
Arthur Robinson.
Wm. Evans.
Geo. Swinhowe.
Fras. Evington.
John Couchman.
Robt. Robinson.
Humph. Robinson.
Ric. Bourne.
Robt. Coxe.
Wm. Payne.
Gidian de Lawne.
Christ. Alenson.
Allen Cotton.
Wm. Bonham.
John Milward.
Ric. Davyes.
Ric. Poyntell.
John Fletcher.
Thos. Barbar.
Edw. Allen.
Thos. Owfeild.
Wm. Preistley.
Humf. Basse.
Thos. Bostocke.
Robt. Jenkiuson.
Thos. Johnson.
John Connocke the

younger.
Robt. Barley.
Geo. Holman.
Aden Perkins.
Ric. Champion.
Wm. Seracold.
Lawrence Greene.
Edw. James.
Robt. Johnson.
Wm. Hasilden.
John Jones.
Wm. Brewer.
Thos. Chace.
Wm. Harrison.
John Gearing.

2-10

COLONIAL PAPKRS.

1012.

Walter Harstflcete.

John Delveridge.

Ant. May dwell.

Averic Drausfeild.

Ab. Dawes.

Hen. Brigges.

John Chambers.

Robt. Pennington.

Hen. Wolstenholme.

John Hide.

Win. Palmer.

Geo. Tucker.

Thos. Chnpman.

Sam. Hare.

Wm. Angel.

Hen. Trnvicc.

Thos. Whitley.

Thos. Packington.

John Busbridge.

Raphe Busby.

Wm. Wollastone.

Ric. Peate.

John Highelord, jun.

Thos. Church.

Arnold Lulls.

Geo. Pitt.

Win. Culpeper.

Raphe Freeman.

Geo. Chamberlain.

Hen. Timberlake.

Hugh Hamersley.

Thos. Lever.

Ric. Hakluyt.

Win. Stone.

John Morris.

Ric. Mountney.

Win. Towcrson,

Geo. Bennett.

Robt. Waldoe.

John Hawkins.

Geo, Robins.

Ric. Penkevell.

John Lee.

Wm. Ferrers.

Peter Penkevell. -

Reynold Greene.

Isack Rumney.

Fras. Sadler.

Ric. Maplesden.

Wm. Leveson.

Thos. Stephens.

Win. Allen.

John Parham.

Wm. Pearepointe.

Raphe Allen.

Gervase Kirke.

Ric. Atkinson.

Ric. Rogers.

Christ. Cletherowe.

Gregory Allen.

Christ. Goodlacke.

Robt. Papworth.

John Waldoe.

Ric. Hackett.

Roger Uye.

John Adder ley.

Katherine Woodward.

Thos. Covill.

David Watkins.

Wm. Cockayne, jun.

Peter Humble.

Edm. Howe.

Ric. Ball.

Thos. Jones.

John Ingram.

John Burnell.

Gerard Reade.

Wm. Gibbins.

Mathew Brownrigg.

Ric. Hill.

Fras. Nelson.

Dan Gorsuche.

Thos. Juxon.

Robt. Bylott.

Thos. Morley.

Fras. West.

Abacuck Prickett.

Bernerd Hyde.

Robt. Ofiley.

Edw. Wilson.

Hen. South worth.

Launcelott Fawkener.

Geo. Iseham.

Bevell Molesworth.

Nic. Crispe.

Edm. Leaver.

Thos. Southackc.

Ellis Crispe.

Chas. Anthonie.

Thos. Burnell.

Wm. Cater.

Robt. Kay.

Thos. Dyke.

Edw. Polhill.

Sam. Armitage.

Geo. Chandlor.

Humf. Browne.

Benj. Penkevell.

Abraham Jacob.

Edw. Higham.

Nic. Penkevell.

Allen Carie.

John Casou.

Digory Penkevell, and

Ruphc Hanson.

Ric. Edwards.

Edward Wright, mer-

John Ilolloway.

Robt. Mildmay.

chants

Fras. Garway.

Edw. Lutteribrde.

a body corporate and politic by the name of the " Governor and
Company of the Merchants of London, discoverers of the North-west
passage," with power to use a common seal engraven with the
royal arms on one side, rounded with the title of the Company,
and on the other side with the three ostrich feathers as given by
the Prince of Wales, yet with this difference, these words to be
engraven upon the feathers : Jurat ire per altum, and the border
to be rounded with Tibi scrviat ultima Thule, and to elect a
governor and and twenty-four committees ; Sir Thos. Smythe, Sir
Dudley Diggs, and John Wolstenholme having been the first movers
and principal instruments of setting forth ships to sea for accom-
plishing the discovery, Sir Thos. Smythe is appointed first governor
and to continue till 1st Oct. next ; Sir Robt. Mansell, Sir Jas. Lan-
caster, Sir Dudley Diggs, Wm. Cockayne, Fras. Jones, alderman,

EAST INDIES. 241

1612.

John Wolstenholme, Esq., Wm. Greenwell, John Eldred, Nic. Leate,
Nic. Salter, Robt. Oifley, Hewett Stapers, \Vm. Russell, Ric. Wyche,
Raphe Freeman, Wm. Stone, Robt. Middleton, Win. Harrison, Al orris
Abbott, Humfrey Hanforde, Philip Burlamachi, Abrali. Chamber-
lain, Robt. Bell, and Win. Burrell, merchants, the first committees
and directors till 1st Oct. next ; power to elect a deputy ; a new
governor, deputy, and committees upon 1st Oct. of each year;
to make laws and inflict punishment upon offenders and breakers
thereof by imprisonment or fine ; and to enjoy for ever the
whole entire and only trade into the North-west passage and
unto the lands, territories, and dominions aforesaid. " And least
any question or doubt may hereafter arise as touching the nomina-
tion, bounds, limits, and extent of the North-west passage, We do
hereby signify and declare that the same doth and shall begin and
hath it entrance between the headland of ' Groynland/ called the
Cape of Desolation, and the cape or headland of America, called
Labrador, in or about the northerly latitude of 58 degrees, and so
extendeth itself into the sea lying between those two capes or lands
of America and Groinelande, including not only the sea or streight
called Hudson's Streight now newly discovered, but also that sea or
streight called and known by the name of Fretum Davis, and all
other seas whatsoever lying and being between the foresaid two
capes, and about the height of 58 degrees northerly lai, and
from thence extending through or between the said lands of America
and Groinelande northward, north-westwards, or westward unto the
very territories of Tartaria, China, Japan, and Coray, and to all
other coasts, countries, or islands, either known or unknown, dis-
covered or undiscovered, lying upon or in the sea of Suz, either
upon the continent of America or 'Asia, or any islands lying and
being in or upon the said seas." Payment of customs, one half in
six months and the remainder in twelve months, and other privi-
leges. Admission of new members for a fine, and of the sons of
adventurers and apprentices 011 payment of 20s., such fines to be
divided rateably for seven years between the adventurers of the
first voyage of 1C 10, "in lieu and satisfaction of the great costs
and charges they have expended and disbursed in discovering the
said passage," afterwards to remain for ever to the use of the
present Company. Merchants, aliens, denizens, and strangers to be
admitted on payment of 100 marks. Customs from ]5 Dec. 1618 to
15 Dec. 1619 free to the adventurers of the first voyage. Grant to
Thos. Button, captain of the Resolution, and John Ingram, master
of the Discovery, and to the mariners and companies of those ships
who set to sea in April 1612, for discovery of the said passage, and
to their executors of all customs from 15 Dec. 1 GIG to 15 Dec. 1617,
half to the use of Capt. Button, and the other among the rest of
the company in the two ships, as Sir Thos. Smythe, Sir Dud. Diggs,
and John Wolstenholme shall, in their discretion, order and appoint.
Power to exercise martial law. [Parchment. DOMESTIC, Jac, I.,
Sign Manuals, Vol. II., No. 30. Gal, p. 179.]

Aug. 3. 617- Archbishop of Canterbury to the King. Certain advertise-
Croydon. ment from the East that the Persian and the Turk are accorded

2-12

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G12.

Aug. 21,
Madrid.

1012?
Sept. ?

1G12.
Nov. 5.

Bantam.

for the point ot merchandise. The Persian yieldeth to the Grand
Signer -tOO hales of silk yearly, worth 4() ) 0()()/., and in consideration
the Persians are to have free passage for their merchandise into the
Turk's dominions; so that now Sir Robt. Sherry's negotiation
may be at an end when he shall see time to retire himself from
hence. [Kxtract from DOMESTIC, Jac. /., Vol. LXX., No. 24. Col.,
p. 1*0.]

618 Sir John Digby to King James. Throe caracks from the
East Indies safely arrived at Lisbon very richly laden. In them
came an Englishman, who had been an officer in the Ascension, cast
away some two years past ; he reports that the great ship of London,
called the Trades Increase, had been to St. Helena, and was gone
for England. [Extract from Correspondence, Spain."]

619. Earl of Northampton to Rochester. The Persian Ambas-
sador has been so strongly opposed in the scope of his preparations,
that he came at last to those indifferent terms " which we that are
inspired by our royal head did very well approve." He will be
satisfied if either the merchants themselves will set him safely in
the Persians' dominions, or let him take order for a ship. Dislike
to his taking English mariners, having daily proof of their apt
inclination to become pirates. Because of the privilege of employ-
ment, his dutiful demeanour to the King, and his carriage to all
others, which deserves more than ordinary respect, the merchants
are resolute to have him taken over in safety. His offer to buy a
ship for himself, and go away quietly at his own charge with
Dutch sailors and an English captain. Great satisfaction to have
brought him to this easy point. [Extract from DOMESTIC, Jac. I.,
Vol. LXX., No. 33. Col., p. 141>.]

620. Edward Marlowe, John Gourney, Richard Cobb, Paul Hall,
Richard Bennett, and George Chauncey, to Sir Thos. Smythe,
governor, and the Company trading to the East Indies, " per the
Solomon, whom God preserve." They arrived at Bantam on 23rd
Oct. ; for the manner of their passage, and how they were forced from
Cape Bona Speransa, while they strove to attain Saldanha, they
refer the Company to their journal. The Globe had left for Patani,
leaving Geo. Chauncey with a parcel of Corom an del ware, and direc-
tions as to the disposal of it. Found a third of the goods still
unsold and in a dead market. Proceedings in the way of merchan-
dise. Hear there are two Dutch ships of the last fleet gone for the
coast, as well to pillage as to trade. About three months since,
Castleton with the Pearl refreshed at Priaman, and passed to com-
pass Sumatra to the northwards, meaning no doubt, if he can, to
accomplish the like exploit to that of Sir Edward Michelborne ; are
not a little sorry " for his practice, holding it possible that such may
easily work across to this trade." [One page, Indorsed, " Sub-
scribed by divers the commander and factors of the James, 1612."
O.C., Vol. L, No, $7.]

EAST INDIES.

243

1612.
Nov. 12.

Patani.

Nov. 23.

Nov.

Bantam.

Dec. 11.

[Bantam.]

621. Resolution of Peter Floris and Thos. Essi'ngton to -winter
in Patani until March or April, to see what capital will come from
Siam, and then they will rale themselves accordingly, x with their
reasons.

Also, on the same sheet,

A council held in Patani, 18th January, 1613, by Thos. Essington
and Peter Floris, " over the person of John Johnson," who came
from England master's mate in the Globe, but was afterwards made
master under Capt. Thos. Essington, who succeeded after the death of
Anthony Hippon, for certain disorders for which he has been kept
prisoner. [Two pages. 0. C., Vol. I., No, 88.]

622. Captain John Saris to Edmond Camden, " Let not the
men work on the Sabbath day". Requests him not to pay out any
money, except for victuals or necessaries, without orders from Saris.
Directions for [Hugh] Frayne. Made account that, through Capt.
Towerson being ashore; each man would have been appointed to his
business, and loiterers sent aboard, " but for ought I see the number
increases." The folks about him should be kept emploj^ed, " as
upon all occasions they give you account where they spend their
time and where they are." The Thomas must be lightened to-
morrow ; directions : John Beamont, who is to be trusted and
speaks the language, to be used kindly. No presents to be given to
any without making Saris first acquainted. Intends having a
council touching the disposal of the Thomas out of hand. " Let
Russell's forge be set up, and let him not be idle. . . . Write me how
the Fleming's behave themselves." [One page. O.O., Vol. I., No. 89.]

623. Ferdinando Cotton to [Sir Thos. Smythe]. Found in
Bantam Road the Clove, Hector, and James, and since are come in the
Thomas and the Peppercorn with Sir Henry Middleton in her, who
left Priaman because she was so leaky ; Captains Hawkins and Down-
ton also in the Peppercorn ; the Darling at Tecoe very leaky. The
trade is very rich, and so are all the ships with indigo, silk, and spices.
The Clove proceeds to Japan. A junk sent to Japan to take the re-
mainders of the fourth and fifth voyage, left there with John Craford,
in diamonds at Succadana, and Sir Henry will send a jeweller and
Mr. Sophony to establish a factory there. His disputes with Mr.
Ward. Has been set in the bilboes. " Mr. Wilson hath been too often
in the Indian voyages ever to be good;" they might have been a month
or six weeks before in Bantam but for him, who said the casting away
of the Union was for want of tobacco, " for if he had had tobacco, he
might have brought her home." Thinks none in the fleet so fit as
Mr. Stevens and Mr. Petty. The Company's commission very
slightly regarded. Wishes his wages delivered to Wm. Greenwell,
his master ; and that the rest of the Company may be asked of
these matters, " and then judge whether you are abused by
drunkards or no." [Three pages. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 90.]

624. Capt. John Saris to Edmond Camden. Murnbarrick shall
trouble him no more ; has taken a course to keep him fast, and hopes
to bring him to Japan. " Put the rest of the Indians to any
domestic service you please, if they deny it, turn them out of doors,

Q 2

244

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1612.

Dec. 21.

[Bantam.]

Dec. 21.

Bantam.

Dec. 31.

Bantam.

1C13.
Jan. 2.

Bantam.

Jan. 10.

to
Sept. 13.

and be sure you give them no relief." Will carry none of them with
him, for they are worse for being in England. John Beam on t
to provide some good things for the captain's present use and to
carry with him. [One payc. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 91.]

625. Capt. Saris to Camden. Trusts the leak in the Thomas
is found. Both ships in want of water and hens. Sends a present
to John Beamont for his diligence. To use " Limco or any other
with whom we have business well." Make no respect of Spalding.
[One paye. 0. C., Vol. L, No. 92.]

626- Capt. Saris to Camden. Directions for the sale of goods,
" see that the money be good you receive of Limco, for he is a
Chineso." Trust no man on Spalding's report, for there is no truth
in him. Lading of pepper and the King's customs. Commendations
to honest Mr. Cocks. [One paye. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 93.]

627- Capt. Saris to Camden. Directions for sending a thousand
sacks of pepper on board. Complaint against John Beamont for not
supplying provisions ; Capt. Towerson writes for hens. Mr. Cocks
to meddle no more with selling of cloth. To write to Mr. Peacocke
to repair to his guard. Has nothing to keep New Year's Day with,
but hopes to be provided cither with ducks, hens, goats, or geese.
[One page. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 94.]

628. Capt. Saris to Camden. Lading of pepper. Is sorry to
hear ' the ass did ride you, but am glad you had no more hurt."
Presents for " the new men," for their extraordinary pains. Pro-
visions required for the Hector. To make ready the room for the
money. Wishes him to observe how Peacocke carries himself to
the Knight ; " the less familiarity he has that way the more it
will be for his preferment." Thinks Mr. Wickham's heart is true,
though somewhat capricious. [One pay&. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 95.]

629. Journal [by Capt. Nich. Downton] of the voyage of the
Peppercorn homeward from Bantam to Waterford. Reasons for leav-
ing the Trades Increase behind. Lading of the Peppercorn which
sailed on 4th February. Number of leagues made each day, di-
rection of the wind, and other nautical observations. Death of
Alex. Wickstade, the minister, on 1 3th February ; of Abraham
Bonus, cooper, on 4th March, Robert Blunt the 5th, and Rich. Han-
cock 1st May. "Many of our men touched with the disease of
the sea." May 4th, descried St. Helena. Crossed the line 18th
June. July -, Abraham Lawes conceives he is poisoned, for that
his stomach falls away ; death of Thos. Browning on the 5th, and of
Mr. Lawes on 27th July ; his body opened by the surgeon " who
took good notes of his inward parts." Aug. 25, Edward Watts,
carpenter, died ; and Thos. Dockorie, 29th ; most of " my people "
in a weak state. Sept. 1, death of Edward Spring, Wm. Gooter
and John Wilkinson on 2nd, Henry Slape the 3rd, and Mark Lawes
the Oth. 13th Sept., anchored at Waterford, " our weakness allowing
no longer deliberation," and the wind making it impossible to fetch
Milford. [Four pages. Injured by damp. 0. C'., Vol. I., No. 103.]

EAST INDIES. 245

1613.

Jan. 1 2. 630. William Addames to Augustin Spalding in Bantam. Hopes
Firando, that his poor wife and friends will hear, by his letter sent by Peter
Japan. Johnson, that he is alive, all his former letters having been inter-
cepted by the Hollanders. Has received some letters by v the Globe
of London. Sir Thos. Smythe writes that he will send a ship to
Japan, to establish a factory. Told the emperor that next year the
King of England would send his ambassador, with merchants and
merchandise, to trade in Japan " at which he was very glad, and
rejoiced that strange nations had such good opinions, with many
other good speeches/' . . . " I do praise God for it, who hath
given me favour with the emperor and good will to me so far as
that I may boldly say our countrymen shall be so welcome and free,
in comparison, as in the river of London." Fears there will be no
profit for English commodities, which " are here so good cheap." by
reason of the ships from New Spain and of the Hollanders. Cloth
eight or nine years ago very dear, is now very cheap. Commodities
brought by the Hollanders, and their prices. Great profit made on
China goods. In respect of the wars in the Moluccas, Japan is
very profitable unto the Chinese, " and if the wars do continue in
the Moluccas, Japan, with the traffic they have here, will be a great
scourge unto the Spaniards/' If the English merchants can get the
handling or trade with the Chinese they will make great profit in
Japan, and the East India Company will not have need to send
money out of England, for there is gold and silver in Japan in
abundance. The Hollanders are now settled ; has got them that
privilege in Japan which neither the Spaniards nor Portuguese could
get these 50 or 60 years. The charges in Japan are not great;
presents for the emperor, the king, and the secretaries ; " other
customs here be none/' If a ship come, she should make for the
easterly part of Japan in lat. 35 10', where the king and the emperor's
court is and there are the best harbours, not to Firando where the
Hollanders come. Has sent " a pattron of Japan " for security of the
ships, the same as he made for the emperor. Thanks for the present
of a bible and other books. Condolences on the death of many of
their good friends. No strange news, the whole land being in peace.
The people very subject to their governors and their superiors ; very
zealous and superstitious in religion, many sects but the most part
pray to one saint called Ameeda. There are many Christians accord-
ing to the Romish order. The Franciscans put down in 1 612. Many
Jesuits in Nangasaki. Very severe in justice, having no respect of
persons. Their cities governed with great civility and love, for the
most part none going to law. A thief rarely put in prison, but
presently executed. If a murderer escape, the emperor offers a reward
equal to 3002. sterling, and he who knows where the murderer is re-
ceives the gold without trouble. Their cities may be travelled all over
at night without peril. Is known all along the sea coast, and must
be inquired for by the name of Augin Sam ma. Hopes the worshipful
Company will be satisfied with his service. Thanks Sir Thos. Smythe
for lending his wjfe 202., v/liich he is ready to repay. Knew not that
the English traded to the Indies till 1611 ; the Hollanders have kept
it most secret. [Two pages and a half. O.C., Vol. I., No.96. Printed

246 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G13.

'in " Menwi*ial8 of the empire of Japan," for the Hakluyt Society,
pp. 40-45.]

Jan. 12. 632. Richard Cocks to the East India Company. Relation of
Hantoni. their voyage from April 18, 1611, the day they set sail. Doubled
the Cape of Good Hope on 9th Aug.; dicovered Madagascar on
3rd Sept. ; came to anchor on 3rd Oct. under one of the islands,
called by the Spaniards, Angoxos, in lat. 16 32'; the long boat of
the Hector and pinnace of the Thomas manned, to seek provisions
and fresh water ; the men beginning to fall sick of the scurvy.
Caution given to stand upon their guard, the people of that place,
called Caffras, being inhuman ; returned on board without anything
or having spoken with the country people. On 26th came to anchor
at the fruitful island of Malhilia or Muelia [Mohila, one of the
Comoro Islands], " as the country people call it," the best place of
refreshing between England and the East Indies ; the people
sociable, and very willing to sell their provisions; the king, having
been at Mecca, on a pilgrimage, has come to the knowledge of the
worth of silver, otherwise anything might have been had for knives,
tin spoons, glass beads, and such like; produce of the island.
Thinks there is no such island as John de Nova, or, if there be, it is
wrongly placed in the plat, and lieth close upon the coast of Mada-
gascar. Anchored at Socotra 18th Feb., where they found letters
from Sir H. Middleton, advising them of the treachery of the Turks
at Aden and Mocha, and that they should not risk their persons or
ships in those parts, although he and those who were in captivity
had got their liberty and proceeded on their voyage to Sur.it
Council assembled by the general on board the Clove, Admiral, the
matter debated and resolution to go for the Red Sea, On the 5th
March came to anchor in Felux [ ? Fellis] Road, on the Ethiopian
coast, to the west of Cape of Guardafuy; the people fearful, not
being used to trade with Christians, except with Spaniards or
Portugals, who had taken them captives ; at first they fled, until
some of our people attired themselves like Turks. Great store of
sheep and goats at a low price ; the people naked, Moors and Ma-
hometans in religion, yet subjects to Prester John ; they make no
account of gold or silver. Arrival before Mocha. Deceit practised
by one Mustapha, a renegado, who told them how royally Sir Henry
Middleton had been received, and that Lawrence Femell was in
good health, Femell having been poisoned and eight of Sir Henry's
people slain. Account of their reception by the governor, Hider
Aga, of their entertainment on shore ; promise of settling a factor}'
to their own content and desire that all former injuries might be
forgotten. Unexpected arrival of Sir H. Middleton on 5th April,
with the Trades Increase, Peppercorn, and Darling ; his request that
all their people and goods should forthwith retire on board, for that
he was come to revenge former injuries, and had brought Capts.
Hawkins and Sharpey, and all the rest that were in those parts
with him, and meant to make stay of all the shipping out of the
Mogul's country. Their designs being thus overthrown, they had
no other means but to join with Sir Henry. The Turks sent to
" our general " to be a mediator. Much conference between the two

EAST INDIES. 247

1613.

generals before they could come to any accord. Agreement con-
cluded by means of Capt. Hawkins. " Had Sir Henry passed
matters in such an indifferent sort as he ought to have done, it
would have been much for our ease, but much more for your
worships' profit." Left Mocha 13 Aug., having formerly dispatched
the Thomas and Hector for Priaman. Arrived at Socotra
2d Sept., where they got all the " allowais " (aloes) to be had,
although at a dear rate. Left Socotra on the 8th Sept., and
discovered Cape Comorin on 24th, and " the great island of Syloan"
(Ceylon), 26th. On 15th Oct. discovered the main of Sumatra,
and on 24th came to anchor in Bantam road, where they found the
Hector and James. The whole business offered to Augustin Spald-
ing, with merchants to keep accounts for him, but he utterly refused
it. Edmond Camden elected to remain in the place as Cape mer-
chant, " who no doubt is well worthy of it." Distate of Sir Henry
Middleton, on his arrival long after, who would have had Capt.
Sharpey elected consul, but "our general" would not condescend
thereunto, a legitimate election having been made. Understands
that Sir Henry afterwards proceeded according to his own determi-
nation without further advice. Found six or seven sail of Flemings
on their arrival. Names of English ships arrived and departed.
Sir Henry arrived on 9th Nov. with the Peppercorn, having left
Capt. Downton in the trade at Tecoe, with the Darling. Arrival
of 1 1 Flemish vessels at Bantam, with great store of soldiers, seven
ships more daily expected, " it is thought they pretend to have a
pull at the Phillippines." News brought from the Coromandel coast
of the death of Capt. Hippon and of the choice of Mr. Essington to
succeed him, Mr. Browne being dead long before. Return of the
James in distress, with the loss of eight or nine of her men by
sickness. 22d Dec., the Trades Increase and Darling came to
Bantam Road. [Eight pages. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 97.]

Jan. 14. 633. " Entertainments to Sir Robert Sherley." Allowance of 4?. a
day from 1st October 1611 to 14th January 1613, 472 days, 1,888?.
" by virtue of His Majesty's Privy Seal, dated 13 Oct. 1611." [See
No. 583.] Also for house rent, a year and a quarter, 300?. ; besides
666?. 13s. 4d. "His Majesty's free gift and reward." [One page.
Indorsed, as above. East Indies, Vol. I., No. 37.]

Jan. 15. 634. Edmond Camden to the East India Company. Avoids
Bantam. making a particular discourse of their voyage, which would be so
tedious, and to the Company's wise understanding would seem
ridiculous. Entered Saldanha Bay 1st August, 1611, "by the great
diligence of our general," and on the 9th doubled the Cape. Had
sight of Madagascar on 30th. On 5th September were some four
leagues from Cape St. Augustine, and on 26th cast anchor at
Mohila Island, where they took in refreshments. Arrived at
Socotra oa 17th February; anchored before Mocha on 15th March;
reception and entertainment of the general and others, with pro-
mise of trade. Presents given to the governor to the value of some
40?. Arrival of Sir Henry Middleton in the Red Sea, and his pro-
ceedings Jors between the two generals ; great complaints against
Sir Henry. Arrived at Bantam 23d October, 1612, where lading

248

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1613.

'was procured by the help of Captains Saris and Towerson for all
the three ships. Is appointed ly Capt Saris overseer of the mer-
chandise left in Bantam. Spalding accused to have engrossed all
the cloves, and to have sold them to the Company and the Chinese
at a high rate ; he utterly refused to take all the Company's busi-
ness into his hands, and has been rather a continual hindrance than
i\ helper. [Two jxiyes, injured by damp. 0. t'., Vol. I., No. 99.]

635. George Bull to Edmond Camden, merchant, on board the
Hector. Sends hens, ducks, and sugar candy, " being all I can get."
Begs to be remembered to Capt. Towerson and all aboard the Hector,
and to Capt. Hawkins and all aboard the Thomas. [Half a page.
0. C., Vol. /., No. 99. i.]

636. Capt. Saris to Camden at Bantam. Is ready to sail for
Japan, having taken in such provisions as Jacatra would afford.
Understands the Flemings ottered but hard measure to Capt. Shar-
pey and those with him, which it seems the King of Jacatra took
in ill part, and promises it shall be so no more. Refers to his pre-
vious instructions. [They were in iJiin Vol., No. 98, btit are now
mtWH//.] " Remember you take all the money you am for victuals
of Sir Henry Middleton, and refuse not ready money in reasonable
sort for any commodities you have." Hopes the Hector and Thomas
are gone for England. To let the writer's kinsman, Hugh Yerdley,
have some provisions, and put it to the captain's account [One
page, injured. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 100.]

Jan. 20. 637. Capt. Saris to Camden. Has written to him how the
Aboard the Flemings misused Sir Henry's people, but is now well given
* unc ^ r stand the contrary, that all the fault was in the English
mariners. Hopes the Hector and Thomas are gone for England
before this ; if not, Camden is to furnish them with all things
needful. Commendations to Capt. Towerson. Refers to previous
instructions. [One page. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 10].]

Jan. 10.

Bantam.

Jan. 19.

Aboard the
Clove,
Jacatra.

Jcatra Koad.

Jan. 25.

Surat.

638. Thos. Aldworthe, Wm. Biddulph, and Nich. Withington to
the East India Company. Wrote particulars from Cape Bona
Speransa of what had passed until then by the Solomon. Left
Saldanha 28th June, and on 30th met with two Portugal caracks
bound for Goa, with which they exchanged shots; the Osiander
discharging some 15 or 10, slew three of the Portugals. On 13th
August in sight of Mohila ; found the place full of sunken rocks.
1st September, came to anchor on the coast of Damon [Damaun], as
" our Indians and other our people affirmed." Resolution to send
to Surat the sooner to learn the state of the country, " but having
none aboard that directly knew the place," they anchored at
" Nunsery," as did also the general with the Dragon. Letter received
from Sir Henry Middleton, advising " all our countrymen not
to expect any trade here, the people being treacherous." Arrived at
Surat on the 7th, when Thos. Keridge, Ed. Cristian, Ant Starkey,
and Thos. Davis were ordered to repair to the city to be informed
of the country. Sir Henry's letter the cause of suspecting the
settling of any trade there notwithstanding the encouragements and

EAST INDIES. 249

1613.

kind entertainment given to those sent on shore by the governor
and chiefs of the city. Arrival of 14 Portugal frigates. Some
quantity of goods ordered by the general on shore for trial. Sick-
ness of Thos. Aldworthe. News brought~"by a ship from Mocha that
Sir Henry Middleton, with three or four English ships, had forced
them to deliver goods in truck for cloth and other things at such
rates as pleased him. General murmuring in the city about this
news, but the people were found very reasonable, and the chiefs
desired that the news might no way dismay us, for, notwithstanding
this injury, all honest respect should be paid to them, and requested
them to write in their behalf for restitution. The general's refusal
to send more goods on shore. Paul Canninge and the purser taken
prisoners by the Portugals in the mouth of the river, and detained
until 5th November. The general wrote he would detain a ship
from the Red Sea until they and all the goods landed were aboard
again ; opinion of the writers that a factory might be settled there ;
that the Governor of Ahmedabad was shortly to come with orders
from the king for their peaceable entertainment; the general there-
upon repaired to Swally and the governor came to Surat. Goods
sold on shore for commodities fit for Acheen ; the greatest part of
the iron unsold. Inclose articles concluded on [tuanting] with the
governor and the general at Swally ; the king's firman for con-
firmation of these articles came not as promised. Letters received
from Canninge and Cristian of a fleet of Portugals ready to leave
Goa to fire the English ships, " which proved true." Canninge set
on shore at Surat, and Cristian escaped some four days before at
Cambaya. Arrival on 29th November of four Portugal galleons and
25 frigates. Account of the fight between them and the Dragon and
Osiander, which was renewed for three days, " we having had but
one man slain in these three fights." Return of the English ships to
Surat on 27th December. Resolution of the general to leave Surat,
seeing the king's firman had not been received ; refusal of Thos.
Aldworthe to go on board, " for that he heard certainly the firman
was coming," which was afterwards taken to the general by the
chiefs of the city. Departure of the general for Acheen, Priaman &c.
with intention to return about October or November next. Paul
Canninge furnished for his journey to Agra, with the King's letter
and present. Ant. Starkey, the bearer of this letter. Thos. Aldworthe,
Thos. Keridge, Win. Biddulph, Nich. Withington, and John Younge
remain at Surat ; Paul Canninge, two of the general's men, and two
musicians are going for Agra. Concerning this place where they
are settled, " there cannot be any place more beneficial for our
country than this, being the only key to open all the rich and best
trade of the Indies, and for sale of our commodities, especially our
cloth, it exceeds all others." Hope there will be no need to send
more money ; English goods required, and the prices they will fetch,
also the Indian commodities to be had, and their worth in England.
If England and Spain cannot accord for " our people" to have
peaceable entrance into the river, the writers suggest that the Com-
pany should provide five or six good ships which will be " very
sufficiently ablo" to withstand all the Portugal force there; the
people much more affected to the English, having lent them soldiers

250 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1618.

'to guard their goods by land to the sea side against the Portugals.
English goods which they desire to be provided with, including
sword blades, " which will yield four or five for one," knives, looking
glasses, pictures. A present for the king will be expected by the
next shipping, he " being altogether delighted in toys that are
Htninge," the writers think it fitting to send him a small pair of
organs, having here a skilful musician to play upon them, a case of
bottles of strong waters, two or three pairs of rich knives, one or two
pairs of rich gloves, looking glasses, sword blades, and some fair
pictures; the King's picture will be highly esteemed, two or three
spaniels, and a fair greyhound or two. Dearness of apparel ; desire
some may be sent to them. Remarks upon the cloths that should
be sent, and how to pack them ; " your Shepton cloths are far
beyond the Suffolk." Account of moneys disbursed to be deducted
out of the wages of those left at Surat. Weights and measures used
in Surat. [Four pages. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 102.]

Feb. 10. 639. Samuel Bradshaw to the Principal Resident in Bantam for
In the Koad of the English nation. Account of proceedings since the departure
pon from England of the Ascension and Union under command of Alex.
Sharpey. Loss of time in setting up their pinnace at Saldanha
prevented them going to Cambaya and Surat to establish a trade,
which he hopes the general has achieved by this time, seconded by
Capt. Hawkins. Parted company with Sharpey in a storm about the
Cape ; made for St. Augustin, where they stayed 20 days in hopes
of the general's arrival ; and Rich. Wickham, faetor, Rich. Kenn,
purser, and another man were either taken or slain by the
treachery of the Portugal s ; "and so with cold cheer and colder
comfort we put to sea" about Feb. 1608-9. Fell into an ex-
ceeding great bay, called by the people the land of Gomano-
inarrow, a country very fruitful and pleasant to behold ; the people
made great show of kindness, and great hope was conjectured of
trade for ambergris. Escape from the treachery intended against
them, the people in a great multitude and with great fierceness coming
against them "as if they had meant to have swallowed us up at
once, but we so reached them with our great ordnance that I think
they now began to understand what ordnance and guns could do,
and at last were forced to haste from their attempts." The bearers
Hump. Biddulph and Silvester Smyth, who the writer has sent with
goods which he could not sell at Tecoe, will relate all particulars.
Endeavour to recover their lost men ; death of seven more " by a
sudden disease." Second assault "with a great multitude of boats
and many of them great vessels so thick pestered with men as was
wonderful to see ; '' fearing mischief in the night presently weighed
anchor, and for a farewell gave them a broadside, having by treachery
and sickness lost 14 men. Arrived at Acheen 27 June ; admittance
to the king by raejins of presents ; endeavours of the Hollanders
to debar them for trade, "but the more they sought the less they
prevailed. ... If our designs take place in Cambaya they
shall to their grief find that others will trade as well as they."
Account of trucking with the Guzerats. Has received a letter from
Mr. Finche, the resident at Surat, certifying that Capt. Hawkins
was gone up to the Great Mogul, and of their friendly entertain-

EAST INDIES. 251

1613.

ment " and centrally the Malayans and Portugals." [Three pages.
0. C., Vol. L, No. 104.]

March 12. 640. Thos. Keridge to the East India Company. Wrote by the
Surut. Solomon from the Cape of Bona Esperansa, which tliey left on
28th June [1612], and arrived at Surat 7th Sept., where they re-
ceived all kind usage and encouragement for settling a factory ; but
a letter from Sir H. Middleton, and the arrival of a ship shortly
after from Mocha, taken by Sir Henry, caused some controversy
and prevented the settling of a factory, although a certain quan-
tity of goods were sold. Conclusion of articles with the governor
of Amadabaz [Ahmedabad] for permission to trade and settle a
factory, confirmed by the king's firman. Fights with four Portugal
galleons and 25 frigates, which were forced to a dishonourable flight,
having had killed by report some 200, while the English had only
three slain. Commodities received on board to the value of 3,500/.
fit for Acheen, Priaman, &c. Resolution of the general to leave
Surat, the Portugals again returning, he having spent the greatest
part of his powder and shot. Ant. Starkey sent overland with
letters of advice to the Company. Difference between Mr. Canninge
and Mr. Aldworthe, at the moment of the departure of the former
with a present to the King of Agra. Another firman from the
king received 20th Feb., written in the name of the general, who
was not contented with the former, being to the Governor of
Ahmedabad ; sends copy in the Persian language with translation.
There is not the like place to Surat in all the Indies for vent of
English commodities; thinks for the better defence of the Com-
pany's ships and goods that all their ships should first touch at
Surat, except those for the Bay of Bengal Wishes King James'
letter to the King of Dabul might be obtained for trade there, not-
withstanding their denial to Sir Henry Middleton, the Portugals
power being decreased and disesteemed since their fights with the
English ships. The people in general " affectioned more to us than
to our enemies," only the subjection they have been held in for
these many years by means of their sea forts, keeps them still in
fear. The conveniency of the Cape of Bona Esperansa, the sweet-
ness and wholesomeness of the air, and the abundance of all good
refreshing things, together with the easy entrance " hath given us
hope it may be inhabited by our people, which in short time might
bring profit and reputation to our country." [Two pages. 0. C.,
Vol. /., No. 105.]

March 13. 641. Sir Ralph Winwood to the King. Three Commissioner:- 1 ,
Hague. ready to depart for England, to treat with the Governor and
Company of East India merchants, two burgomasters, Pavius of
Amsterdam and Boreel of Middleburg, and Meerman one of the
eschevins of Delft. [Hugo] Grotius, pensionary of Rotterdam,
accompanies them by order of the States. They are authorized
from the Dutch Company of East India Merchants only to treat,
yet take with them letters of recommendation from the States to
His Majesty. Has advertised Sir Thos. Smythe of their going, and
showed him how far Winwood stands engaged and entreated him

252

COLONIAL TAPERS.

1613.

March ?

March 23

to
April 20.

April 20.
London.

May 21.

to receive them with kindness. [Extract from Holland Corresp.]

Annexed,

641. I. The States General to the King. The letter of recom-
mendation above referred to, requesting the King to take
notice of the arrival of the Dutch Commissioners, and with
his countenance to advance the good success of the cause
which they come to negotiate. Hague, March -\-\, 1013.

641. II. Prince Maurice of Nassau to the King. Similar Utter

to the preceding. Hague, March i, 1G13. [Holland
Corresp.]

642. The States General of the United Provinces to the Privy
Council. In accordance with their promise that they would send
deputies from the Holland East India Company to England to
treat for a settlement of the differences between the two East
India Companies of England and Holland, the States General
have given the necessary orders, but a free pass is requested from
the King for the deputies with their dependents before their de-
parture. [One page and a quarter. French. Indorsed by Coke.
Corresp., Holland.]

643. Minutes of a negotiation with Holland for securing and
improving the trade and navigation in the East Indies. Reyner
Pa\v, Hugo Grotius, James Boreel and Dideric Meerman sent into
England to treat ; their first memorial, great charge in maintaining
their trade, think it very hard that the King's subjects should trade
in those parts. Reply of the King's Commissioners that the King's
subjects had a right to trade there. Answer of the Dutch. [Three
pages and a quarter. East Indies, Vol. I., No. 38.]

644. John Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton. Many far-
fetched projects on foot how to draw all the traffic of Persia and the
inland parts of the East Indies up the river Hydaspes [Jhylum] into
the Oxus that falls into the Caspian Sea, whence the commodities are
to be brought up the Volga to a strait of land not above forty miles
and so into the Dwina that comes to St. Nicholas or Archangel, the
ordinary stations of our shipping in those parts. Doubts that these
are but discourses in the air and yet Sir Henry Neville has had, by
the King's commands, much conference with the council upon
them. [Copy. East Indies, Vol. I., No. 39. Original in DOMESTIC,
Jac. /., Vol. LXXIL, No. 120. Cal, p. 182.]

645. The King to the States General. Having heard all that
the States Commissioners had to propose in reference to the navi-
gation of the Indies, His Majesty deputed Commissioners to treat
with them upon the matter, who although they have had many
conferences find that the differences cannot yet be satisfactorily
settled. The King has advised that they be referred to a future
treaty, and is willing, as soon an possible, to depute Commis-
sioners for that purpose. French. Appended is a full account
of the conferences held by the Commissioners prefaced by the States'
letter of March 13, 1G13, Cal., ante, No. 641. I. [Thirty-eight pages.
Copy probably made for Sir Dudley Carleton, wJien ambassador
at the Hague, in whose hand there are marginal notes. Also
another copy, fifty-three pages, both in Holland Corresp.]

EAST INDIES. 253

1613.

June 20. 646. Captain Nich. Downton to Sir Thos. Smythe and the East
India Company. Is weary of " this our every way thwarted
journey, where my contents are small, and my hope of profit less."
The great ship [the Trades Increase] unserviceable. Sir Henry
Middleton's wish to dispatch to England " this poor little ship "
with such commodities as he had in readiness. Mortality of the
factors. . Mr. Jourdain, in Captain Sharpey's absence, Sir Henry's
greatest help. Took leave of Sir Henry 8th February, who returned
" towards his little new built village at Pullopenjaun." Endeavour
to overtake the Hector, Thomas, and Solomon at Saldanha. Within
three days aiter he had passed the straits, half his people were dis-
abled ; *' he that escapes without disease from that stinking stew of
the Chinese part of Bantam must be of a strong constitution of
body ;" six died, including the preacher. Bad condition of his ship,
and rough weather. Found Captain Newport in the Expedition at
Saldanha, on her voyage outward, and the Hector and Thomas
about to sail for England ; Captain Towerson waited for him, and
they all set sail together on 15th May. Arrived at St. Helena 5th
June. His illness. Mr. Laws negligent and given to drink. Ar-
rangements made by him for his successor in command, in case of
his decease. His men " have all been set agog " by the report
received by the people of the ninth voyage, concerning the manner
in which Captain David Middleton has been disgraced by the King
and Queen, and the " lord and lady admiral," through complaints
made by an audacious cook, and are grown careless of observing any
command ; the success of such idle complaints should be stopped.
Holds Fras. Finder, the gunner, unfit for further employment.
f Four pages. O. C., Vol. I., No. 106.]

July 12. 647. Captain T. Best, Wm. More and H. Gyttins, [merchants
Acheen. of the Dragon and Osiander], to Thos. Aldworthe, at Surat,
Set sail from Swally 20th January last, and passed by the [Portu-
gal] galleons without any warlike greeting; met with certain
Malabar junks, from which they took powder and munition, and
passed along the coast of India, in sight of most of the Portugal
towns, and of the Portugal armada of about sixty frigates, and took
one of their small ships. Passed Cape Comorin 19th February,
fell in with Ceylon 25th February, and arrived at Acheen 1 2th
April. Had access to the king, who, with the people are very
griping, base, and covetous, and " our brokers " very untrusty.
Any ships going to Acheen should be furnished with a person that
can speak Malay. Their goods, bought in Surat, generally improper
for Acheen. The place glutted ; all trade upon the island prohibited
by the king to the Guzerat, save only at Acheen. Arrival of their
trusty friend Malym Ghany. The Shabundar's ship, scared from
Perak by the Portugals, instantly confiscated by the king, and
the people all made slaves for going to Perak. the king's enemies.
Are rejoiced at the ample firman received from Agra, but sorry for
the indiscreet demeanour of Paul Canninge. Took a Portugal bark
12th May, wherein came an ambassador from Malacca, but released
her at the earnest solicitation of the king, who gave the general the
title of * c Orancaya pute, which is white or clear-hearted lord." Ar-
rival of the king's armada of frigates from Jhor, with Dutch

254 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1613.

prisoners, most of them from the factory there. News of the Globe,
Sir Henry Middleton, Captain Saris' lleet, and the Solomon and
Pearl, but no news of the James. Captain Hippon and [Robt.J
Browne, master of the Globe, dead. The Solomon, Peppercorn, and
Thomas gone for England, the Hector for Banda, Captain Saris for
Japan, and Sir Henry Middleton, with the Trades Increase, at
Bantam, most of his men being dead. Have received letters from am-
bassadors of Siam, in the name of their kings, "for the safe trade
of our nation in his kingdoms," and a letter to the King of England
to move him to send ships thither, with assurances of good enter-
tainment. Account of goods bought and sold. Encouragement to
trade at Passaman, Tecoe, Baros, and Priaman ; have engaged a
Guzerat, captain to the king, to serve them as broker. Two men
[in the Dragon] dead, and the surgeon of the Osiander, Ralph
Standish. Have received this king's letter and present for King
James, also his letter for trade at Priaman. Unsuccessful efforts of
the general to redeem Abdela Cadir, and certain other prisoners,
" but the tyrant in this would not be moved." Mr. Oliver absent
when this letter was sealed. [One paye and a half. 0. C., Vol. I.,
No. 107.]

Aug. 1. 648. Memorial of books and writings, chiefly wills and inven-
tories of the goods of men who had died since they left England,
delivered by Benj. Farie to John Jourdain, captain of the Darling.
[One page. 0. C. t Vol. 1., No. 108.]

Aug. 13. 649. Consul Barth. Haggatt to the Governor and Company of
Aleppo. Merchants trading to the East Indies. Has occasionally written to
Morris Abbott, to whom he has also sent three letters for the Company.
Death of Wm. Finche, the Company's late servant, Capt. Boys and
Lawrence Piggott, all at Babylon, soon after their arrival. Eleven
mules and the goods of Finche taken away by the Bashaw of Babylon,
" and so eaten up by the Turks." Unsuccessful efforts of the Venice
vice-consul to recover them, but there being no English consul or
vice-consul to defend them, no means nor threats could prevail. Has
sealed Finche's writings and given them to the bearer, Thos. Styles,
for the Company. Commendations of his worth ; thinks some part
of the goods might yet be recovered if the Ambassador at Constan-
tinople would call Cigalla, the bashaw of Babylon, to account.
Thos. Styles, Finche's servant, apprehended, imprisoned, and vilely
treated by the bashaw, escaped to Aleppo ; cause of his long stay ;
the writer's good opinion of him, and his ability to give some rela-
tion not impertinent to the Company's affairs in the Indies, having
travelled from Cambaya and those parts into Persia and Aleppo.
Martin Cheshire, another of the Company's servants, arrived some
six months past in the Ascension, who escaped in very great danger
from Onnus to Ispahan, and so to Babylon and Aleppo ; found him
a man of fair condition and honest, from whom some very good
notes may be gathered of the ports, places, and manner of trade of
the Portugals in those parts. Desire to do the Company service,
being a freeman of their charter though no adventurer. [Two pages
and a half. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 109.]

Sept. 7. 650. Thos. Keridge to Thos. Aldworthe and Council at Surat. His
[Agra.] last^ of IGth Aug., six days' journey from Agra. His illness, arrival

EAST INDIES. 255

1613.

at Agra, and audience of the king, by whom he was sent to the
Persian Ambassador, and to whom he delivered a present, a standing
cup of Mr. Ca.nninge's ; the king " viewed it a little and delivered it
to an attendant, not esteeming it." Difficulty of having an audience ;
" if any man expect to have dispatch of suits here, he must come
well provided to feed the king and nobles, otherwise nothing will
be effected, the king extremely proud and covetous, whom the
nobles imitate, yea even in beastliness, &c. ;" he takes himself to be
the greatest monarch in the world, and keeps two of the Emperor
of Persia's ambassadors, and will not license their departure, " where-
upon is likely to be wars between them." The Emperor of Persia
demands Scinde, which the king will not grant ; Chan Allam goes
ambassador for Persia. Audience of the king in his chamber,
where he sat on his bed newly risen from sleep ; delivered the King
of England's letter, and entreated the King of Agra's answer and
his firman to the articles agreed on by General Thos. Best and
Shabisuphe, and a place of safety for the English ships to ride in.
Large discourse by the king, of wrongs done by Sir Henry Middle-
ton in robbing their shipping and taking them prizes, answered by
Keridge, who wished him not to believe " those pratling, juggling
Jesuits, but credit rather the experience their own people had of us/'
Urged again the king's " chape " to the articles, he said it was
needless, having the king's firman concluding everything already ;
aud that English ships could ride safely at Surat, where he himself
always was, and willing to admit the English to an audience. Has
waited eight days, hoping to have conference with the king ;
coining empty-handed the cause of his being thus slighted, no other
treatment to be expected without continual gifts, both to the
king and others. Desire of the king to possess the hat which he
had worn at court, " I answered he should have it ;" his visit to his
father's sepulchre and journey toward Ahmedabad. Quileatch Chan
hath had an overthrow at Cabul, and Abdallah Chan, another in
Guzerat. Rise of the people very near the city, " but now quiet."
Report that the king's youngest son, Sultan Chorome, goeth to
Cabul, and that the Emperor of Persia sets forth an army to invade
Scinde. The king a drunkard and so given to vice that the chief cap-
tains care not for him, and willingly would never come near him.
Will be constrained to follow the court, but has small hope of success
except shipping arrive to curb the Portugal and affright this people,
whom nothing but fear will make honest; "those Jesuits do so
bewitch the king " with presents that nothing is denied them.
Whom the king graceth every one does, but whom he respects not,
no man regards. The Jesuits, noting his dislike to the present, fur-
thered his displeasure by saying that the King of England sent him
nothing, it was the merchants only through desire of traffic. Paul
Canninge, when he delivered his present, had nothing but idle and
trivial questions asked, not a word of business. Virginals given by
Lawes, who played upon them, but were not esteemed ; it is thought
that he died with conceit. The king exceedingly delighted to
hear Robt. Trully's cornet ; he taught one of the king's chief mu-
sicians to play upon it, " to whom the king said, if thou canst
learn this I will make thee a great man." Wish, of the Jesuits to

25G

COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G13.

Sept. 11.

Aboard the

Solomon.

Sept. 12.

Madrid.

have two of their servants taught, but Trully refused, and has not
since been sent for to court. Presentation of the Neapolitan juggler
at Surat by the Jesuits ; the king so much delighted that he gave
him 5,000 rupees. No Christians, if not presented by the Jesuits,
have any grace at all. Purposes to build a tomb, which will be no
great charge. Cannot live at Surat under 200. a year. Death of
Mr. Canninge ; his goods sent for by the king, who took the
greater part ; Canninge sent an account of his journey and proceed-
ings before falling sick*. Accusations against Canninge 's assistant.
Commendations of Trully, "Win. Finche, and Capt. Boys, both
poisoned with the water they drank, in which a multitude of grass-
hoppers fell at Babylon, on their way to Aleppo. A firman dor-
mant not easy to be had, but will do his best in that and the rest.
Green, yellow, and red cloth will sell well, but at less prices than at
Surat. Hopes the news of the Prince [Henry's] death is false,
" the Prince God defend !" Shabisuphe, who concluded the articles
with the general, is at Agra, but dares not see the king ; knows not
the cause. [Five payes. Much injured. 0. 6'., Vol. I., No. 1 1 0.]

651. Ralph Willsonu to the East India Company. Sailed from
the Needles 21st February, 1612, and arrived at Saldanha on,
5th June, the Dragon on the 8th, the James supposed to have gone
for St. Augustin. Mr. Salmon, master of the Solomon, exchanged
to the Osiauder for Mr. Petty, her master, because of differences
between Petty and Cannon [? Canninge], the Cape merchant.
Weighed anchor on 28th June, fell in with the coast of Sumatra
19th October, having lost sight of the Dragon and Osiander, and
came to Bantam Road on 4th November, where they found the
James, Clove, and Hector. Of the sickness and proceedings of Sir
Henry Middleton he believes the Company are directly informed.
Holland vessels at Bantam ; arrival of Sir Henry Middleton with
the Peppercorn on the 10th November. Movements of the James,
Thomas, Trades Increase, and Darling. Lading taken in by the
Solomon at Bantam ; death of Mr. Wood, Cape merchant, 28th
January [1013], of the flux. Arrived at the Cape of Good Hope on
28th April, and at St. Helena 19th May. News of the Expedition,
Pea.!, &c. Voyage towards England; met a pirate, who very
subtlely sought to have betrayed them. [Three pages and a
quarter. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 111.]

652. Sir John Digby to King James. Four caracks returned
to Lisbon, which sailed from thence the beginning of last year for
the East Indies, being so hindered by weather and contrary winds,
that they were too late to cross the Cape, and have lost their
voyage ; of other caracks expected from the East Indies there is no
news. [Extract from Correspondence, Spain.'}

Sept. 1.3. 653. Capt. Nich. Downton " to the right worshipful the Indian

Aboard the Company in Philpot Lane." Complains that his decayed and

[at Watcrford"] wre tched person leaves him but small ability to act for the safeguard

of what he has in charge. Parted on 8th February from Sir

H. Middleton on the coast of Java, who for want of experienced

factors was left weakly supported. The Hector, Thomas, arid

EAST INDIES.

257

1613.

Sept. 18.

Firando,
Japan.

Sept. 27.

Aboard the
Globe.

[1613.]
[Oct. 8.]

Solomon, had left before. Tedious delays caused by adverse winds
and the sickness and death of his men. Arrived at Saldanha
^Oth May; English ships there. Much beholden to Capt. Tower-
son for supplies. Came to St. Helena 5th June, where he found two
caracks, " whose neighbourhood I durst in no wise trust." Details of
his voyage home. Anchored at Waterford ; within 24 hours buried
four of his men, " and God Almighty knows how many of us
shall soon after follow." Commendations of Stephen Bonner ; also
of Mr. Mollineux, Sam. Squire, and the writer's son. Supplies
requested, with ten honest sailors. Twenty-six of his people yet
living out of forty-six brought from Bantam. Thinks a ship should
be sent at once to Saldanha with provisions for the Trades Increase.
A postscript of September 7th adds, that news has been received
of the arrival at Bearhaven of another of the Company's ships
Some treacherous drunkards having raised strange reports of the
riches of* his ships, could wish more men provided from Bristol.
List of the names of the men deceased since his coming from Bantam,
including Alex. Wickstead, minister, and Edward Pope, master.
[Two pages and a, half. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 112.]

654. Rich. Cocks to Rich. Wickham, at Yedo or elsewhere,
" per S r George the Portugal." Received his letter dated in
Ximonaxeque, 19th August, on the 28th. Explains why he cannot
send the instruments asked for. All their company well, but
Mr. Pawling. " An extreme Tuffon " has done much hurt both at
Firando and Langasaque. Divers merchants have come down, but
can sell nothing. [One page. 0. C., Vol. L, No. 113.]

655. The ninth article of the factor's commission, given to Adam
Denton, factor in Patani by Capt. Thos. Essington, as to the
keeping of account books. With declaration by Capt. Essington,
that disorders having passed by Peter Floris, he intends sailing
that day for Bantam, there to procure freight and from thence
depart for England, and leave Denton in Patani with Floris. [One
page. Injured by damp. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 114.]

656. " The translation of the Emperor of Japan's privileges,
granted in the name of the right honoured Sir Thos. Smythe,
governor of the East India Compay, for the use of the 8th
voyage." Licence to the King of England's subjects, Sir Thos.
Smythe, governor, and the Company of East India merchants for
ever, freely to enter the ports or empire of Japan, and to abide,
buy, sell, and barter according to their own manner, with all
nations, customs free. Not only to assist all ships in danger, but
to return what shall be saved to the captain, merchant, or their
assigns ; permission to build in any part of the empire, and at
departure to make free sale of their houses. The goods of any
deceased to be at the disposal of the Cape merchant, at whose
discretion all offences shall be punished, " and our laws to take no
hold either of their persons or goods/' Commodities bought by
the emperor's subjects to be paid for, without delay, or return of

258 COLONIAL PAPERS.

Oct. 27.

Tendon.

1613.

the wares. No arrest to be allowed of merchandise meet for the
em]>eror'8 service, but immediate payment to l>e made at such
prices as the Cape merchant can sell them for. To be furnished
with men or victuals at need, upon payment ; permission to go
in discovery for Yeadzo (Yedo) or any other part of the empire,
without the emperor's further pass. "From our Castle of So-
rongo [Surunga], this first day of the 9th month, and in the
]8th year of our Dary [DaYri] according to our computation.
Sealed with our broad seal Minna Mottono Yei Ye Yeas [Minna-
rootto-no-Yeye-yasou]. [One pa<je. 0. C., Vol.1., No. 115. Printed
in " Memorials of the Empire of Japan," for the Hakluyt Society,
pp. 153-155, and also in foe-simile.]

Oct. 1 0. 657. Sir John Digby to Sir Dudley Carleton at Venice. Two
caracks safely arrived at Lisbon from the Ea^t Indies " very extra-
ordinarily richly laden." At St. Helena they had a fight with
Hollanders and took an Englishman prisoner who returned from
the East Indies in an English ship, the Pearl. Incloses relation of
what passed on the journey and of the fight betwixt the Portugals
and Hollanders. Wanting. [Extract from Correspondence, Spain.]

658. John Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton. Four English
ships richly laden long missing, come from the East Indies since
Michaelmas. Of three Hollanders that came with them one was
blown up by mischance at St. Helena, another was cast away at the
Texel, and the third is not yet heard of, so that they account their
loss no less than 500,000/. {Extract from DOMESTIC, Jac. /.,
Vol. LXXIV., No. 89. Cal, p. 203.]

Oct. 28. 659. Wm. Biddulph to the East India Company. Letters have
Surnt. been written by Anthony Starkey overland by Aleppo and by the
Red Sea. Since the general's departure on 1 8th January last but little
has been done. The hot months, February, March, April, May, and
the wet months June, July, August, and September unfit for com-
merce. Commodities already sold. Sickness of [Thos.] Aldworthe,
he is now gone to Amadabaz [Ahmedabad] and Cambaya to provide
commodities fitting for the general's return, and JNich. Withington
with him, who is entertained in the Company's service for seven years,
by consent of a council aboard. Great quantity of tobacco to be had
at 1 2d per pound, all charges clear ; hopes it will prove a good com-
modity. Death of Paul Canninge of the flux at Agra on 27th May,
also of his kinsman Launcelot Canninge, and Richard Temple.
Thos. Keridge sent to Agra to succeed Canninge. Influence of the
Jesuits with the King of Agra ; their speeches against England and
the English ; they feed the king daily with presents and strange toys
so that what they desire is granted. Some proper man of account
should be sent to reside with the King at Agra. Seizure by the
Portugals of a Guzerat ship, which had the Portugals' pass, and
was worth 70,000 or 80,000. ; they carried away 700 persons, the
men for slaves, the women and children for Christians. The Portu-
gals will use all the means they possibly can to root the English out

EAST INDIES.

259

1613.

Oct. 30.

Madrid.

Nov. 3.

Madrid.

of Surat, " the one place for venting our country's commodities that
is in all the Indies." Thos. Aid worth e the principal cause of " our
settling here," for the general would have been gone three or four
times. Coral a chief commodity for sale. Requests an increase of
wages, having but 40 ryals a year. \Two pages. Indorsed, " R d .
per Mr. Floris, Sept. 1615." 0. C., Vol. L, No. 116.]

660. Sir John Digby to the King. Concerning the North-west
passage to the East Indies, the Spaniards always conceived that it
would never prove matter of any consequence, but they are very
glad now to be freed of this care, and that the Spanish Ambassador
be thanked for his vigilancy therein. [Extract from Correspondence,
Spain.]

661. Sir John Digby to Sir Dudley Carleton. The East India ships
which came this year to Lisbon prove to be very extraordinary rich.
There is like to be a great disputation concerning an accident which
happened in the East Indies ; an English ship, the Pearl, coming
home, worth four hundred thousand [iom away}, being taken by
the Portugals at St. Helena, and brought as a prize to Lisbon ; the
English deny having committed hostilities upon the Portugals until
they first essayed to surprise the English and had slain divers of
their men. The King of Spain advised to sequestrate the goods until
the pretensions of both parties may be cleared. \East Indies,
Vol. I., No, 40. Original in Correspondence, Spain.]

Nov. 9. 662. Thos. Aldworthe to the East India Company. Refers to
Amadavas letters previously written, and his reasons for supposing they may
["Ahmedabad], j^ve miscarried. Little .or no sale of commodities since March ;
the year divided into three seasons, the hot, rainy, and temperate.
Long and tedious journey of Paul Canninge to Agra, his sickness
and death ; incloses a few lines he wrote on the day of his death ;
Thos. Keridge sent to supply his place, and prosecute the suit for a
letter from the King of Agra in answer to the King of England's
letter, and for the King's firman for a sufficient place for the English
ships to anchor, free from danger of the Portugals, "with some
other wonderful things which the king himself promised should be
effected but yet nothing done." Complaints of Canninge against
Rich. Temple and Edward Hunt, his assistants. Death of Temple
at Surat on 27 June, and of Launcelot Canninge, one of the
musicians at Agra, a few days before Canninge. Only Keridge,
Robt. Trully, a musician, and Hunt remain at Agra. Win.
Biddulph, Nich. Withington, and the writer's servant with him,
also Robt. Clarkson, who fled from the Dragon for fear of punish-
ment. Great store of tobacco, which he thinks will turn to the
Company's great benefit. Commodities sold, the blue and sea-green
cloth unfit colours. Seizure of a ship of Surat from Mocha by the
Portugals, notwithstanding she had a pass from them, worth near
100,OOOL ; "this fact of theirs is now grown so odious that it is like
to disturb the estate of all the Portugals in the Indies." Left Surat
on 12th Oct. for Ahmedabad, the only chief city of the Guzerats,
well near as big as London, and where the Portugals buy their

260 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G13.

commodities, take them to Cambaya, a far lesser city, and lade them
atGoa. Passed through the cities of Boraatch [Baroach?], two days'
journey from Surat, and Broth ra [Broudra ?j, five days' journey;
commodities there fitting for England much cheaper than at Surat ;
also at Ahmedabad. Fall of the price of indigo. The charge of house
at Surat left to Wm. Biddulph. No news of the general, though he
promised to return in October last. Mr. Gourney writes from Masuli-
patam that the general had taken a Portugal ship of Ormus with
<Teat store of pearls. Finds the state of the country and the
affections of the people towards them as well now as at first. There
need be no fear to send the ships and goods formerly written for ;
if they had a stock of 12.000Z. or I5,000/. to make provision before
the ships arrive, five or six ships may be dispatched thence in three
or four months ; thinks the whole East Indies connot'yield a better
place for trade. No grounds for Keridge's fears about restitution
for Sir H. Middleton's " fact." Mocrob Chan a great man with the
king, but he has more adventures at sea than any of his country,
and the English arc more feared than the Portugal*. Wishes a
sufficient man might be sent in the first ships, as resident at Agra
with the king, " for they here look much after great men." Has
made diligent inquiry concerning the state of Persia ; finds there is
a seaport town called Bareyn, where a ship of two or three hundred
tons may come. Much cloth may be sold, and all sorts of silks had.
Great trade at Surat in red coral. [Three jwycs and a quarter.
O. C., Vol. L, No. 117.]

Nov. 9. 663. [Thos. Aldworthe] to Capt. Marlowe [of the James]. Received
Amadavas his and Mr. Gourney 's joint letter in August last, and now one from
[Ahmedabad]. ^ ur!l t f rO m Mr. Gourney and Mr. Cobb. Sent letters in March last by
a ship of Surat for Mocha to be carried overland, but the foot-post
brought them back, having heard that all the English through
Turkey were imprisoned, and their goods confiscated, for the fact of
Sir H. Middletori. Requests him to convey a packet of letters to
Sir Thos. Smythe and Company. All things go well with them ; with
the Portugals the contrary, especially since they have made them-
selves odious by seizing a ship of Surat worth almost 10(),000, with
700 persons ; none of them dare appear in these parts as they were
wont ; " had we shipping here now from England we should strike all
dead." Marvels that Marlowe has not yet got the king's firman for
peaceable trade, " whereby you need not fear governors there as you
do ; " they having the king's firman will not be wronged by any go-
vernor. Came to Ahmedabad, the chief city of the Guzerats, to make
provision for the general, and if he come not next month, will return
to Surat, seven days' journey, \0nepafje. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 118.]

Nov. 12. 664. Names of all the factories and castles which the Hollanders
have in India at this present. Three factories in Java, fourteen
in the Moluccas, viz., at Booton, Amboyna, Bachian, Machian,
Motir, Tidore, and Ternate; one in Succadana, Macassar, Patani,
Siam, Acheen, Japan, Sal or (" the castle taken this year from the
Portugals ;") and four in Banda, total, 28 factories, besides 15 castles,
and two bulwarks. [Half a page. 0. C., Vol. /., No. 110.]

EAST INDIES.

261

1613.

Nov. 23.

Nov. 24.

Firando,
Japan.

Nov. 25.

London.

Nov. 30.

Firando,
Japan.

665. Earl of Northampton to Sir Thos. Lake. Touching the
Peppercorn, has endeavoured to find out the true state of the pur-
chase, yet the merchants protest they have nothing which they have
not rightly gotten by true traffic with the Great Mogaj-, and that
the Portugals labour as well by strong hand as by tricks to put
them from that traffic, "but these things and greater are secured
by the patent." They deny not that some factious instruments in
their own body have been set at work for the serving of private
turns, and hope to detect a conspiracy. Discretion must be used
lest the trade to the Indies be dissolved, which is a matter of great
weight in many respects to this monarchy. [Extract from DOMESTIC,
Jac. /., Vol. LXXV., No. 23. CaL,p. 210.]

666. " Contract made with Capt. Wm. Addames at Firando, in
Japan, the 24th of November 1613." The East India Company
building their hopes upon the long experience of Capt. Addames for
settling a factory in Japan, sent out the Clove, [commanded by
Capt. John Saris,] who has since obtained large privileges from the
emperor, and procured Addames' freedom. Being asked whether
he would return home or remain as the Company's servant, and
upon what terms, Capt. Addames replied that his desire was to go
to England, but having spent so many years in vain, he would not
now go home with an empty purse, and was willing to serve the
Company either by sea or land, but demanded 12?. a month, saying
the Flemings had given him 15?. The general's offer of 801. per
annum refused, but after further consultations, Capt. Addames
entertained in the Company's service, with a salary of 100?. a year,
to be paid at the end of two years, or so soon as news shall come
out of England of the arrival of the Clove. Signed by Wm.
Addames, in the presence of Rich. Cocks, Tempest Peacocke, and
Rich. Wickham. [Two pages and a half. Indorsed, as above.
0. C., Vol. I., No. 120. Printed in "Memorials of the Empire of
Japan" for the Hakluyt Society, edited by Thos. Mundall,pp. 73-75,
and also in fac-simile.]

667. John Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton. The good
return of our East Indian ships has put such life into that trade,
that our merchants mean to go roundly to work, and in less than a
fortnight have underwritten for 400,000?., to be employed in four
years by equal portions. If they and the Hollanders can agree
they are like to engross the whole trade of those parts. {.Extract
from DOMESTIC, Jac. L, Vol. LXXV., No. 28. Cal.,p. 212.]

668. Rich. Cocks to " the Governor, Deputy, Committees, and
generality of the East India Company of England, in London, per
the Clove whom God preserve." His last was of 12th January from
Bantam [see ante, No. 632] by Capt. Towerson in the Hector.
Sailed from Bantam ]5th January. Letter received from John
Parsons, advising of the little good to be done at Macassar and his
determination to go to Bantam. The master of a Fleming pinnace
cast away on the coast of Borneo ; he reports that the island or
the shoals to the eastward of it reach over almost to the Celebes

262 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1G13.

especially over against Macassar, " quite contrary to the form laid
down in our plots or sea cards." The different islands passed ;
met by chance with Rich. Weldyn, left in these parts by Capt.
David Middleton ; ho refused to go to England, alleging his poverty.
Anchored 24-th February at the island of Bachian, one of the
Moluccas, where the Flemings have got possession and begin to
build a fortress. Most of the soldiers there sued to be taken away,
and so would have left the. place void, but the general refused and
was ill requited after by the Flemings. Endeavours to trade for
cloves at Machian peremptorily forbidden by the Flemings, "for
that the land was theirs," they stationed two ships of war on either
side of the Clove, and would not suffer .any fresh victuals to corne
aboard. Many unfitting words used by them against England ;
and threat to take the Clove prize if she traded with the
Spaniard; the king of the country [Ternatej promised them
free tnide, but proved not so good as his word, for having got a
present he gave them the slip. Death of the king with some
25 of the chief men from the explosion of a barrel of gunpowder
in a fight at sea with the son of the King of Tidore, " which made
the Spaniard and Tidoreans much to rejoice/' Anchored at Tidore
8th April ; less trusting the Spaniard than the Dutch. Untimely
loss of John Crawley, Robt. Lantro, and John Meredith at an
island called Doy. 2nd June, discovered the islands of Reismagos,
never having seen land from llth May. Anchored at Firando
12th June, where the king received them veiy kindly, Mr.
Addames not there, but he arrived 29th July ; departed with the
general on 7th August for the Japan Court and obtained all the
privileges he demanded returning to Firando 7th November.
Desertion of seven of their mariners to Langasaque, where they took
sanctuary in the papist churches, and were secretly conveyed to the
Philippines by the Jesuits. The Flemings had settled themselves
three or four years before " our arrival," and have built a house in
Firando, which has cost them already 2,500/; they disperse them-
selves to lookout for trade, "as we must do the like;" places
where " they have some small entrance already." Mr. Addames
entertained ; the Flemings did what they could to get him from
the English ; his opinion that if ever the North-east or North-
west passages be found it must be from these parts ; be has already
had entrance to the island of Yedo, which is thought to be part
of Tartary. Plot of Japan drawn by Mr. Addames sent to the
Company. The Hollanders had taken this discovery in hand
before, but that they have so many irons in the fire with their wars
in the Moluccas against the Spaniards. Not much benefit to be
made in these parts a yet ; hopes in time that great quantities of
broad cloth may be sold, for there is great store of silver, " but as yet
they are so addicted to silks that they do not enter into con-
sideration of the benefit of wearing cloth, but time may alter
their minds." Loss of goods, through [Tempest] Peacocke. Ex-
planations about the transfer of indigo from the Thomas to the
Hector. Payment of his salary ; begins to wax old, and two or
three years hence would return to England, though not empty
banded. [Six pages and a half. O. C., Vol. I., No. 121.]

EAST INDIES. 263

[1613.]

[December.] 669. Wm. Addames to [the East India Company]. Arrival of
Capt. John Saris in the Clove, who sent a distance of 250
leagues to Addames to come to him. "Was gladly received by the
whole company, and entered into consultation of the^ course to be
taken. Thought it good to go with all speed with Captain Saris
to the emperor's court, to deliver His Majesty's letter. The goods
brought by the ship not very vendible; there being much cloth
unsold from New Spain, Manilla, and Holland, and abundance of
elephants' teeth brought by the Hollanders. Price of steel and
lead ; tin as good cheap as in England, and ordnance not in any
great request ; abundance of cotton in the country ; pepper and
cloves not much used, and "now being overlaid, is very cheap/'
Departure of himself and the general [Saris] for the court. Horses
provided for them at Miako to go to the emperor's court, when
the writer made the general's coming known, who was courteously
received and bid welcome by the treasurer and others. The
general's desire when in the emperor's palace to deliver His Ma-
jesty's letter with his own hand ; answer of the secretaiy that it
was not the custom of the land for any stranger to deliver a
letter, but that the general should keep it in his hand till he
came into the emperor's presence, when the secretary would de-
liver it ; the general very much discontented, but the emperor
coming forth bid the general welcome of so weary a journey, and
received His Majesty's letter from the hands of the secretary. The
emperor's inquiries of Addames concerning His Majesty ; and
desire to know Saris* requests, which being written were carried
before the emperor, who told Addames they should be granted.
Interview with the emperor ; he seemed very glad of the general's
intention to settle a factory in his land, not far from his court,
and asked if part of the general's coming was not for discovery
to the north-westward or northward ; remarks of and encourage-
ments offered by the emperor. " Now in my simple judgment,
if the North-west passage be ever discovered, it will be discovered
by this way of Japan; and so thus with divers other speeches
most friendly used I took my leave of him." Visited with Capt.
Saris the province of Quanto, where the emperor's eldest son
resides, about 42 leagues from the court, where they were very well
entertained. Returned to court, received the emperor's commission
and privileges [see No. 656], and then went back to Firando. En-
deavours to get leave to go home to his country, but none of the
council would speak for his liberty. Finding the emperor in a good
mood, he made himself somewhat bold, and " I thank God got
my liberty out of my long and evil service," and being i-not a
little joyful returned with the general to Firando, where the ship
was. Account of the general's overtures to him to serve the
Company, and his agreement to do so for.lOOZ. a year on certain
conditions ; hopes he may be a profitable servant. Concerning
the discovery to the northward ; reasons why " in my judgment
never hath been better means to discover." Has built two ships
in Japan for the emperor, one lent to the governor of Manilla,
who was cast away upon the coast, and found her so good that

264

[1613.]

1013.
Doc. 1.

Firando,
Japuo.

Dec. 2.

Firando,
Japan.

COLONIAL PAPERS.

she was never returned, though her worth in money was. Although
by profession no shipwright, he hopes to moke such shipping as shall
be necessary for any discovery. Requests, " if your worships have
any such purpose," some 15 or 20 good mariners to be sent over
" for the people of this land are very stout sea men ;" for victual-
ling there be plenty, but cordage, canvas, tar, pitch, rosin, compasses,
hour-glasses, a pair of globes, and " some cards or maps containing
the whole world," are wanted. If lie is furnished with these things
" you will find me not negligent in such an honourable service."
Has been somewhat long in making the particulars apparent of
this discovery, which he trusts " shall be one of the most famous
that ever hath been." Thanks for lending his wife money, and
request to lend her 30?. or 40Z. more till he comes home. [Four
page*. Indorsed, " A very large letter, written in Japan by Win.
Addames, and sent home in the Clove, 1G14, discoursing of his
assistance unto the general, and of entertainment into the Com-
pany's service." 0.6'., Vol. I., No. 122. Printed in "Memorials
of the Empire of -Japan" for the Hakluyt Society, pp, 57-72.]

670. Wm. Addames to The same in substance as the

preceding, the only variations being as to the vessel first lent to and
afterwards purchased by the Governor of the Philippine Islands, which
is here stated to have been of the burden of 170 tons. As to the
departure of the writer from Japan, he adds that he had thought to
come home in the Clove, " but by some discourtesies offered me by the
general changed my mind." And the conclusion. Has passed great
miseries and troubles since he saw " your worship." Desires him to
salute Sir Thos. Smythe, and tell him that he will find the writer as
faithful and trusty an Englishman as ever served the Company ;
let him take no care of his affairs in Japan, his factory and goods
being as safe as in his. own house. Whatever the Company need in
Japan shall be accomplished, " for the emperor and the king hath
made me such promise, which I do know shall !>e accomplished."
Begs to be remembered to Wm. Burrell, shipwright, and to Nicholas
Diggins. Presents that should be sent to the emperor when any
shipping is sent; "Rousse" [Russian] glass of the greatest sort to
" glass him a room of two fathoms four square," fine lamb skins,
holland, and three or four pair of spectacle glasses ; for merchandise,
some 1,000 bars of steel. [Four pages. 0. C, Vol. /., JVo. ]23.
See " Memorials of the Empire of Japan, 1 ' pp. 75-77.]

671. Tempest Peacocke to the East India Company. His last
letter was from Bantam by the Thomas. Arrived at Bachian, one
of the Moluccas, 24th February ; no trade there because of the sway
of the Flemings. The island of Machian offered to Sir Henry
Sliddleton ; the inhabitants expected his return for three years,
when they were forced to yield to the Flemings. Desire of the
jxjople to trade with the English, but the Flemings sent great ships
to prevent it, and threaten the islanders with punishment. Hopes
the Company will not put up with such insupportable injuries. The
people promise that they will not suffer the Flemings to build
another fort upon the island. Proceedings at Tidore and Ternate.

EAST INDIES. 265

1613.

Anchored 23rd April at the unfortunate island of Doy, where they
lost three men. Arrived at Japan 12th June, and dispatched letters
to Mr. Addames, who obtained such privileges as were desired. Has
small hopes of this place ; knows not what may be made from Siam
and Patani. English commodities will not yield cent, per cent, at
Firando ; depreciation in the price of cloth. Wishes to receive his
wages. Is scarcely recovered from a dangerous sickness. [One page
and a half. 0. <?., Vol. I., No. 124.]

Dec. 4. (>72. Sir Thos. Smythe to Sir Thos. Edmondes, ambassador in
London. France. The East India Company having formerly prosecuted a
tedious and chargeable suit in France, without hope of justice, have
entreated His Majesty's letters to the French King and to himself,
to press some speedy satisfaction. Proceedings of the adverse party
since the sentence of the council was returned to the Court Parlia-
ment of Kennes. The Company earnestly desire him to take their
wrongs to heart and press their suit to the uttermost, it " being the
last occasion that His Majty intends to trouble himself with
writing." They authorize him to " compound by satisfaction," the
Company preferring " rather to endure loss with peace, than gain
by trouble and strong hand," and offer him the tenth part of the
composition drawn by his mea.ns, or if nothing can be effected they
will not be unthankful, but remember him in due time. The bearer,
Paul Triggs, has letters from the King and Council, and other
papers, and will attend to his directions. [Two pages. Corre-
spondence, France.]

Dec. 5. 673. Capt. John Saris to Rich Cocks, captain of the English
Road of factory in Firando. Wishes to leave him a remembrance of such
Firando, Japan. p rmc jp} es as the Company decreed in England, and also what he
finds by experience likely to be beneficial. First to fit a junk for
Siam and Patani, with cloth, elephants' teeth, &c., and get there by
5th February, before the Chinese junks. From Patani to procure
Chinese wares, and return to Siam. Peacocke, Wickham, Eaton,
Walter Carwarden, Edward Saris, and Win. Nelson left with him,
besides Addames. Places where he thinks they should be dispersed ;
at Siam and Patani, Surunga and Osaka, and Tushma. Inquiries
to be made of the commerce to be had with the people of Corea.
Frugality to be used, the place requiring great charge, and their
knowledge as yet producing little profit. Refusal to increase either
Peacocke's or Wickham's wages. Addames only fit to be master of
the junk, and to be used as linguist at court when there is no em-
ployment for him at sea. "It is necessary that you stir him, his
condition being well known unto you as to myself, otherwise you
shall have little service of him, the country affording great liberty
whereunto he is much affected/' The forced agreement Saris made
with Addames could not be eschewed, " the Flemings and Spaniards
making false proffers of great entertainment, and himself more
affected to them than his own nation, we wholly destitute of
language." He is not to have the disbursing of any of the Com-
pany's money ; no need to send him to the emperor for setting out
the junk, it being already granted. If he says she cannot depart

266 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1613.

without a licence, believe him not, for his wish w but to have the
Company bear his charges to his wife ; but rather than he betake
himself to the Spaniards or Flemings, make a virtue of necessity,
and let him go. Leaves 1 6,000 ryals with him ; the emperor's
privileges for trade, &c. " Rather please them often with small
matters than seldom with things of worth." To use the Flemings
kindly. Directions for disposing of commodities. Wickham's wages ;
has had intolerable trouble with him. Peacocke to succeed Cocks
in case of death, after him Wickham. \Two pages and a half.
Indorsed, " Capt. Saris' remembrance left with Rich. Cocks at
Japan, December, 1613." 0. C., Vol. I., No. 125. Partly printed
in "Memorials of the Empire, of Japan," for the Hakluyt Society,
where (pp. 78-31) the editor, Thos. Rundall, in some "observations"
argues that "in all this [letter'] Capt. Saris was wrong and unjust''
to Adda/mes.]

Dec. S. 674. Earl of Northampton to Sir Thos. Lake. Sends copy of
articles between the Great Mogul and "our merchants," about
settling our trade in those rich parts, which he thinks may be pro-
ductive of much good. Understands from Sir Thos. Smythe that
our men have had a bloody fight with the Portugals, but with no
great advantage, " for these are our antipodes." Incloses,

674. i. Articles agreed on between the Governor of Ahmedabad
on beitalf of the Great Mogul and the Governor of Surat
and Thos. Bent, commander of the Dragon and Osiander
on behalf of the King and the East India Company,
for settling a trade and factory in the cities of Surat,
Cambaya, Ahmeddbad Goga, or any other 2>arts of the
country within the Great Mogul's dominions ; the just
observance of thcM article* to fterve as a true pledge of
perpetual amity and tl.e breach as a just cause of war
irrevocable. 21 Oct. 1612. [DOMESTIC, Jac. I., Vol.
LXXV., Xos. 38, 38. i. Gal, p. 214.]

Dec. 22. 675. Narrative of the discovery of the Northern Seas and the
coasts and countries of those parts. Of the discoveries of Sir Hugh
Willoughby in 1553, of Stephen Borowgh, Frobisher, Pet, and
Jackman, Sir Humphrey Gylberte, Davis, and others. In order to
prove the interloping of the Hollanders, and to answer Sir Noel
Caron, the States Ambassador's suit for the restitution of two ships
taken by the Muscovy Company. [Nine pages. Holland Corre-
spondence.]

Dec. 2 k 676. Rich. Cocks to Capt. Addames and Rich. Wickham, at Yedo

Virnmio, or elsewhere. Request them, when arrived at Yedo or Miako and

Japan. they have received money for their goods, either from the emperor

or any other, to furnish Tome Same, the young King of Firando,

with 1,000 tais or what he stands in need of, taking a receipt from

him for the repayment at demand in Firando. Underwritten is

some Japanese writing, probably the receipt in question. [(Jnc

page. 0. C., Vol. I., Xo. 1 26.]

EAST INDIES.

267

1613.
Dec. 30.

London.

1614.
Jan. 4.

1614?

1614.
Jan. 7.

Whitehall.

677. John Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton. The City, the
Merchant Adventurers, the East India Company, and the farmers of
customs sent all their presents of plate to a great value [to the Earl
and Countess of Somerset on the occasion of their marriage.
[Extract from DOMESTIC, Jac. I., Vol. LXXV., No. 53. CaL,
#. 217.]

678. Court Minutes of the East India Company. The governor,
Sir Thos. Smythe, acquaints them with the King's pleasure that
they, as well as the Muscovy Company, should send commissioners
to the Low Countries, to give reason-s for their sole challenge of the
whale fishery at Greenland ; the governor's desire to put off sending
any at all, or else that the Low Countries might be drawn to send
commissioners, seeing they were the complainants about the
Greenland business ; the King's resolution not altered " neither by
that nor a special motion made by my Lord of Rochester/' but
leave given to the Company to answer for themselves before the
Privy Council at which His Majesty intended to be present.
Reasons against sending commissioners ; former complaints against
the Hollanders ; the case now far different, " having received com-
fortable news from thence [the East Indies] and the Hollanders'
discouragements ;" promises of friendly proceedings towards one
another ; reasons which might have induced the King to promise to
send over commissioners. The business of the East India Com-
pany distinct from the Muscovy Company, which has answered
a complaint at the Council table and given good satisfaction to the
State. Answers to objections that might be made against the East
India Company. The Hollanders of a more humble spirit than
formerly because of their losses; the English ought not to give
way to be debarred from the trade of the Indies. It is thought con-
venient to yield to the motion of the Hollanders to enjoy the places
they have conquered or first discovered where the English are to
pay them customs, with condition that the Hollanders do the
like in those places where the English claim a similar prerogative,
that by a peaceable agreement they may both become strong
against the Portuguese and Spaniards, the common enemy. Re-
solved to use the best means to put off sending any commissioners ;
or if that cannot be avoided to defer so doing till hereafter.
[Two pages. Court Bk., III., 1.]

679. King James' warrant to board and seize the Pearl, one
Morice owner, so soon as she arrives in any port of the realm,
without stirring any part of her lading. [One page. Mutilated by
fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., fol. 283*.]

680. Warrant from the Privy Council for a new Admiralty
commission to discover and sequester the Pear], [Don Diego de]
Sarmiento (?) the Spanisli Ambassador, having requested that the
name of a person appointed by himself might be added. [One
page. Mutilated by fire. Brit. Mus., Otho, VIII., fol. 362.
Purchas, I. 328, prints the "Journal of a voyage made by the
Pearl to the East Indies, wherein went as captain Master Samuel

268 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1GH.

CfaatUton of London and Capt. Geo. Bathurst an lifiut., written fry
John Tatton, master/' She sailed in Auyust 1612.]

Jan. 8. 681. Sir John Digby to King James. The .Archbishop of Brague
Madrid. [Bragaj long time Vice-King of the East Indies, made Vice-King of
Portugal. Finds the Portugals very much discontented with the
good success of the English in the East Indies, fearing lest in time
the English will absolutely overthrow their trade, " which is indeed
the only upholding and support of the kingdom of Portugal.
[Extract from Correspondence, Spain.]

Jan. 13-29. 682. Court Minutes of the East India Company. The Adven-
tures of George Pitt in the 9th, 10th, and 1 2th, and of Nathaniel
Deards in the 7th and 12th voyages, to be set over to Thos.
Whitley Loan of 20 repaid to Whitley. For preservation of
quicksilver, some seven or eight cwt. lost, through being put up in
bladders ; leather, lead, and copper propounded. Allowance for the
surgeons' chests of the New Year's Gift, Hector, Hope, and Solomon,
after conference with Grenehurst, the surgeon of the Peppercorn.
Freedom to Sir Richard Smyth, desiring to adventure 1,0001. in the
joint stock. Information of Mr. Johnson, that a knight abroad cast
many imputations upon the Company for monopolizing, as he pre-
tended, the sole trade to the East Indies, and said that the goods of
the Pearl were disposed of by the King for the Spanish Ambassador's
use, the Company being interested in one half; the governor is
desired to use his best means to move the council therein, and see
what may be effected, " that if nothing be recovered, yet it will
daunt others finding their power to prosecute matters at home as
well as abroad." Committee appointed to hear the demands for the
ship at Shoreham. Request of Lady Cavendish to be permitted to
write in the joint stock, but the Company desired to be excused.
The Samaritan bought of Mr. Lcate for 3,100Z. ; Mathew Fletcher
to be entertained in her. Mr. Leate's payments " without broke "
received. Suit against Edward Falkener to be stayed, there
being some small matter still to be expected from the 3rd voyage,
and he being in a place where he may continue to do kindnesses
to the Company. Request of Mr. Munden for a gratification having
been 1 1 months master ; he is charged with bringing home
1,200 weight of cloves and pepper contrary to his bond, yet his
wages were paid ; and is told of his insolent, proud, and cruel
behaviour during the time of his command ; his speeches favouring
of no true submission, he is left to the Trinity House, " until he
might know himself by true humiliation," and dismissed. Admis-
sion of Henry Carter, gentleman, for a mitigated fine of 20Z.
Demand of John Holloway for his dividend on the 4th voyage,
bought of Martin Freeman, deferred. Mr. Trankmore, who built
the ship at Shoreham, to be conferred with. Request of Thos.
Jones, the boatswain, for his goods and wages ; being willing to go
in the next voyage, they are restored to him upon paying 201. for
freight- Edward Holmden to be entertained as a factor. The
factors appearing in court, they are charged to forbear private trade
themselves, and to prevent it in others ; are allowed to adventure

EAST INDIES. 269

1614

what they will in the general stock, and to have their freedom.
They are directed to use care and exquisiteness in keeping their
accounts ; to write out a journal ledger every year verbatim, to be
sent home, and copies of their books, by such ships as return. Every
kindness promised for their encouragement, but " all extremity if
they demean themselves otherwise." Chichester, a kinsman of the
Lord Deputy of Ireland, and commended for his sufficiency as a
jeweller, referred. Wm. Wickham, a factor in the Hector in the
8th voyage, dying in the country, his wages to be paid to Alderman
Smith, for the use of Wickham's mother. Humphrey Holloway,
sometime servant to Thos. Cutler, citizen, sworn a free brother of
the Company.

Jan. 14. The governor is desired to draw up a petition to the
King, and enclose it in a letter to Lord Rochester, for a commission
to search for the goods of the Pearl, which the Company are
informed have been sold abroad ; also to send a copy to the Lord
Chamberlain. The Lord Chancellor and the French Ambassador to
have copies of the Company's proceedings with their business in
France. The former committee to conclude the purchase of the
ship of Shoreham, but not to give more than 1,500?., she being con-
sidered unfit for the Company's service to proceed as a merchant,
but for a man-of-war or fishing for the whale at Greenland.
Allowance to Mr. Taylor for silk, and to Mrs. Newport of 24?. per
annum during Capt. Newport's absence.

Jan. 15. Adventures of Levinus Muncke in the 6th, 7th, 8tb,
9th, and 12th voyages, set over to Robert Offtey. Debate in
reference to the Pearl's goods ; to have the opinion of the Lord
Privy Seal whether it will not be fit to move the King concerning
the power in the Company's patent to seize them. Allen Carey to
have his freedom gratis. Warrant for payment of quicksilver. The
Company of the North-west passage having certain clothes brought
home and divers looking and drinking glasses, supposed to be fit for
their service, request the Deputy [Win.] Greenwell and [Robt.]
Middleton to see and report upon them. Offer of Mr. Evelyn to
take back the powder returned from the East Indies and " worn
out by long keeping," on certain conditions of price. Petition of
Raphe Hesam and Wm. Warrey, sailors entertained " for this second
joint voyage," to have 51. each given to them, for which they agree
to resign all their right to wages and goods due to them on the
purser's books should they die on the voyage, but if they return
home, the money so advanced to be freely given them ; the Company
willing to perform the bargain and to do the same for others who
may desire it. Allen Carey, as also Raphe Preston, John Oxwicke,
Henry Elumer, and Humph. Elkington, four factors, sworn free
brethren. Request of Preston to adventure 2601. in the joint stock
granted, as are also requests concerning the payment of his and of
the wages of the other three factors.

Jan. 17. Concerning the Indigo. Dislike of Mr. Edwardes to
have a cabin in the New Year's Gift, except he might have

R 7--

270 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1C14.

liberty to go through the great cabin into the gallery ; the Company
think it inconvenient to have any one joined with the general in his
cabin, and resolve to give Edwardes the choice of any of the other
ships. Letter received from Aleppo from Bartholomew Haggnt,
consul, of the coming of Sturkey with inclosures from Surat.
Concerning the goods of the Pearl ; the King having taken certain
proceedings in that business, the Company are recommended by the
Lord Privy Seal to give up their petition, his opinion being that
they would get nothing by it. As to enlarging their patent so as
" not to be tied to bring home such goods in specie as they should
take abroad in recompence of their losses," his lordship promised to
give it his best furtherance. Inquiries to be made whether goods
should be taken on board the ships at once, accounts being so con-
tradictory. Capt. Downton, having an intent to carry a pinnace
in quarters which may carry "some ' Bases' in her to offend further
off, then Murtherers will," they are to be provided, and such a
pinnace framed. Ordnance to be " put into a brasse color." Thirty
great ordnance for the New Year's Gift. A new dock to be begun
at Deptford ; a crane fitted for the timber yard ; a stone wharf at
Deptiord, and a foundation for a store house built. The "city
business " to be followed with the Lord Mayor. Suit of [Robt]
Offley for an increase of wages to Charles Fettiplace, not allowed ;
reasons. Petition of Tempest Peacocke, a factor, to put part of his
wages into the general stock. Submission of Mr. Ro\ve, master's
mate ; he is advised to reconcile himself to Mitford, for the wrongs
he did him, and to receive the Communion together before their

7 O

departure, which he promised to do. Mr. Fringe and Mr. Spaight
condemned for not having performed their promise to lie aboard.
Mr. Munden's private trade. Debate on the letters and presents to
the " Grand Magore," to be delivered privately, " a m:in of spirit,
understanding, and judgment." must be the person ; thought unfit
to remove Mr. Canninge, if living there, he being so well experienced,
but left to the general's understanding.

Jan. IS. "A meeting of committees for Capt. Towel-son's busi-
ness." His demands to be gratified for good service and bringing
the Hector safe home ; a breach of his commission alleged against
hiui, and forfeiture of 1,000. bond for private trade ; debate
whether he should be punished ; resolution to remit his offence, but
to make him pay freight for his goods. His bond to l>e detained
till the return of Capt. Saris, who commanded him. .Says he will
be contented with any end they think fit to make.

Jan. 19. Mr. Whitley's accounts. Allowance to sailors from
Bristol, ' they being all lusty men and jrood mariners." Concerning
the China roots bought by Mr. Hamersley of the Company, some
being wet, rotten, and unmerchantable. Mr. Middleton and Mr. Bell
appointed to report on the value of " certain ballast ruLies " offered
for sale to the Company by Mr. Hamersley, who also applies for
leave to send them to some of the factors to sell upon his own
account. Nathaniel Deard's adventure of 1007. in the sixth voyage
to be set over to John Chamberlain. The order to bespeak 100

EAST INDIES. 271

1614.

st lattyn basons " to take to Surat countermanded, after conference
with Nicholas Ufflett, who finds they are very commonly made
there. Agreement to pay 51. to one very skilful in steeling looking
glasses, which are held to be fit commodities, and very profitable
for the East Indies, to teach a person the art, to be practised only
abroad, there being a great doubt how the foil will hold when
exposed to the heat. Order to pay " primage, arrearage, and load
money/' being 3s. 4>d. upon every 100 tons, and 2d. for every man
that returneth to the Trinity House, whenever due. Decision on a
petition of John Marcer for wages, who went in the Hector to learn
the art 'of a gunner. Difference between Martin Freeman and John
Holloway referred to arbitration. Inquiry to be made how " callicoes
and pintathoes " will sell in England that directions may be given
to the factors in the East Indies to buy and send them over ; like-
wise to think of preparing some pinnaces to remain in the country
to trade from place to place. Petition of Baily Ball for increase of
wages. John Sandcrofte, or any other factor, to be allowed to ad-
venture in the joint stock. Salary of John Waldoe, officer in the
yard at Deptford, increased to 60L a year. Alteration in Mr. Ellym's
office, " to free him from having his books subject to the view of
every man." Timothy Wood, Thos. Barker, Baily Ball, Edward
Holmeden, and John Sandcrofte, factors, sworn free brethren
gratis.

Jan. 20. Debt due to Mr. Bucke. Edward Viney entertained
for the general's man. Timothy Mallery, sometime servant to Thos.
Harrison, recommended by Lord Evers to the Company's service.
John Mancer to have no wages. Edward Allanson, very earnest
to go the voyage, referred. Edward Richards, " a youth of a willing
and cheerful spirit," to be entertained. About following the busi-
ness at " Yield Hall " [Guildhall] with the Lord Mayor, for lands
at Deptford. Cinnamon sold to Mr. Garraway not to be garbled.
Provision of biscuit, the Company's baker only able to make
" 18,000 bread (sic) in a week," and has not above 80,000 ready.
Robt. Larky n's adventure of 100L in the sixth voyage sold to Mr.
Batty, being intended as a security for the factor's honest car-
riage. As to what account the silk and other things taken by Sir
Henry Middle ton should be put, seeing it was in recompense of the
losses sustained by the third voyage. Boatswain's stores, whether
" waste cloathes for the close fights " should be provided. Free-
dom to Robert Younge, Edmond Aspinall, Christ. Farewell, Thos.
Juxon, and Rich. Batty, factors. Rich. Pitt, one of the four that
Capt. Downton entreated the Company to have allowed him in
this voyage, bound for seven years as a factor.

Jan. 22. Further inquiry to be made of Richard Biddulph,
formerly appointed steward in the New Year's Gift. All the pipe
staves to be sent out of Ireland ; there being extraordinary good
wood in Ireland, where there are good means for making iron,
and great doubt of finding wood fit for the Company's shipping ;
if they continue building, a committee to confer with Mr. Crooke

272 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1CI4. .

thereon. 75. of Mr. Kirbie's adventure in the sixth voyage set
over to John Hawkins. Ten or twelve tons of tin, quicksilver,
and elephants' teeth to be put in the ships. Desire of Mr. Fletcher
and Mr. Nicholls concerning their adventure in the joint stock.
Mr. Freeman, about quicksilver bought of him. A book of dia-
logues, heretofore translated into Latin by the Hollanders, and
printed with the Malacca tongue, Mr. Hakluyt having now turned
the Latin into English, and supposed very fit for the factors to
learn, ordered to be printed before the departure of the ships.
To remind the Lord Mayor about the Deptford business. A scar-
let cloak, ready to be sent to the embroiderer's, found to have
yellow spots ; a new one to be provided " of the best and gentlest
wool." Suit of John Crouther, factor, as to the payment of his
wages. Petition of Mr. Mountney, husband to the Company, setting
forth his long services, and praying for an allowance competent for
his future maintenance ; the auditors strongly recommending his
case, and nearly 40 of the principal adventurers certifying to his
efficiency, a gratification upon the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth,
tenth, eleventh, and twelfth voyages is promised him; 100Z. is
given to him, and his wages are increased to 200. per annum.
Proposals for keeping the husband's accounts in a great day book.
Mr. Ellym to go in hand with drawing the commissions.

Jan. 24. John Osterwicke recommended by Mr. Wolstenholme
as a purser in the next ships. Payment to Mathew Springham for
charges disbursed in going from the Lord Deputy in Ireland to the
Earl of Onnond, about discharge of the Peppercorn, which was
under arrest. Admission of Sir Richard Smyth. Request of Mr.
Bell to have the title of the " Grand Magore " to add in the letters,
and also the privileges formerly granted by the King of Dachem,
[.see ante, p. 140, No. 32G] ; the originals ordered to be looked
out. Ordnance to be procured. Mariners to be paid on board the
New Year's Gift, Hector, Solomon, and Hope, being " ready to fall
down." Commissioners appointed by the Lord Mayor to go to
Deptford about the Bridge House lands ; to be entertained at the
governor's house, at the Company's expense. Report on the " bal-
last rubies ;" a further report requested. The treasurer's request
for money for present use ; to see what amount Sir Wm. Craven
and Lord Cavendish can furnish the Company with. Offer, through
Mr. Abbott, to lend 1,OOOJ. or 2,0001. at 10 per cent. The Company
desire to have the offer of the Pearl's goods, whenever they should
be sold. Augustine Spald ing's accounts. Report that the galleons
sent out of Spain are piloted by Portuguese, and manned by 2,000
Spaniards, who intend to take " Majore," where the Flemings have
built a fort, and so proceed to Castle de Maine, and from thence to
the East Indies. Humphrey Ambler, Atkins, the salter in Friday
Street, Mr. Foxe, Mr. Middleton, at " Soperlane end," Raphe King,
a grocer, Robt. Bagshawe, young Carmarden, Paul de Caper, and
John Johnson, said to be adventurers from Brest to the East
Indies. Anthony Bridges, apprentice of Bartholomew Holland,
clothworker, to be admitted for a fine of 51.

EAST INDIES. 273

16H.

Jan. 27. Mr. Munden having submitted himself, to be enter-
tained in the next ships. Mr. Rogers, a preacher at Deptford,
esteemed an honest man and a good teacher, but no great scholar,
to be entertained arid have an allowance of 501. per annum.
Ordnance. Consideration about the Deptford business with the
Bridge House lands. Mr. Calvert, one of the clerks of the council,
allowed " in regard of his place " to add 600. to his adventure of
1,000^. in the joint stock. The Lords Chamberlain and Privy Seal
having been informed by the Governor of a report that a voyage is
preparing in France to the East Indies, with letters patent from the
French King, and that many in England have become adventurers,
their lordships were " found very honorably inclined in favour of
this Company to hinder the project," and desired the names of
those who had " become so unnatural to their own country and
unrespective to their King," that they might know how much
they have wronged His Majesty and the State. Admission of
Edward Harborne, Thos. Mitford, John Crouther, and Robt.
Harrison, factors. Permission to the children of John [Joe ?]
Chilcott to adventure 200Z. in the general stock. 1,000?. lent to the
Company by Mr. Cater at 9 per cent. Hutchinson, knowing Italian,
French, Dutch, arid music, to be the Company's apprentice, or
Mr. Edwardes' servant, for the Company's use. Owen Snellinge to
be entertained and learn the art of navigation. Gratification to
Edward Lee. Committee on Mrs. Hawkins' business to meet to-
morrow. Reward of 51. to one Wilmot. for having relieved the

Thomas at sea. Three months' imprest granted to Martin -Cheshire,
and John Slany.

Jan. 29. Invitation from Mrs. Stockley to the Governor, Deputy,
and Committees to attend her husband's funeral and dine with her.
Instructions to be given for the commissions. Mr. Hawkins'
accounts to be audited. Mr. Munden entertained as a master's
mate, his former faults overlooked. Letter received from Paul
Triggs from France, relating to the business of the English mer-
chants, negotiated by the lord ambassador, as to certain privileges
of customs upon their goods, Wm. Vernon and Rich. Sadler, at
first engaged for linguists, to be employed as the chief merchants
shall find them qualified. Suit of Arthur Robinson, concerning
certain defective calicoes bought by him of the Company. Request
of Wm. Brawnson, a carpenter of Plymouth, to go to Greenland.
[Twenty-four pages. Court Bk., III., 1-2-k]

Jan. 31. 683. John Jourdain to the East India Company. Lading of
Bantam, the Expedition, Clove, and Darling. Death of Edw. Langley ; his
will, goods, and papers delivered by Capt. Saris' orders to
Mr. Melsham, purser of the Clove, for the Company. Great
danger of tire to the goods in warehouse three times within ten
days, the town having been burnt. Cannot yet obtain the king's
writing to build upon the ground he gave to General Best, the king
hoping for some bribe ; both generals, Best and Saris, did their
utmost, being a matter of so great importance. The Hollanders are
mortal enemies to the English in their trade. Endeavours of the

274 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1GH. .

Chinese and Javas to encroach upon them in the sale of their com-
modities. Intends proceeding to build the house, if he cnn, upon a
sure foundation. In favour of trading at the Moluccas. No profit to
be made of Surat goods at Bantam ; nothing sold there but pepper,
and it is a most unhealthy country. The Moluccas very healthy and
the people willing to trade with the English, but will be out of hope,
no English ship having gone there this year. Scornful speeches of
the Hollanders. Incloses receipt of Sir Robt. Sherley for 250/.
Arrival of the Darling, disabled. Orders left by Capt. Saris for
her to go to Patani and Siam. [Two pa-ges. 0. C. t Vol. /.,
.Vo. 128.J

1614?

Jan. ? 684. Representation against Capt. Jourdain for opposing the
sale of part of the Globe's cargo [at Bantam ?] the captain averring
that the goods did not belong to the Company, but were a private
adventure of Mr. Floris. Not signed. [One page. 0. C., Vol. I.,
No. 85.]

1614.

January. 685. Richard Cocks to Richard Wickham. Instructions for his
Firando, voyage to Yedo, Sherongo [Surunga], and those parts of Japan,
Japan. w ith a cargo of merchandise. Net to detain Capt. Addames after
the business with the emperor is dispatched, but to send him back
to Firando, where there will be necessary use of him. To take
lodgings in the best merchant's house in the town, where he may
have "a gadonge," fire-free, to prevent the danger of fire which the
country is much subject to, and to live under the roof of a natural
Japan ; the better man's house he lives in, the more credit it will be
for him ; speaks from experience. Is informed the people are not to
be trusted, and that no merchant of account will seek to buy upon
credit, " for others they are to be refused." To choose a native
assistant for great deceit is used, to make much of friends and use
the country people kindly, "for fair words will do much, and as
soon are spoken as foul." Against gaming, although only to pass
away the time for trifles. To use all strangers kindly. For the sale of
commodities. Authority to lend money to Tomesame, the young king
of Firando, " but this must be done when you have received money
of the emperor." To go overland from Oseky [Osaka] to Surunga
with Capt. Addames. To correspond with Mr. Eaton at Osaka.
A " Jurebasso" to help him. Invoice of goods. Requests him to
give Capt. Addames content with kind speeches ; is persuaded he
could live seven years with him before any extraordinary speeches
should happen between them. The necessary use they have of him.
Tables of the weight of 600 bars of lead. [Seven pages. O.C.,
Vol. I., No. 127.]

Feb. 1. 686. Pieter Floriss, principal merchant of the Globe, to John

Maiuiipatam. Gourney, principal merchant of the James. Disposal of 852 ryals

found by account to be short, having been given to Mier Shumelo,

at their first coming to Masulipatam. [Half a page. O.C., Vol. I.

No. 129.]

EAST INDIES.

275

1614.
Feb. 1.

Feb. 3.
Madrid.

Feb. 4.

687. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Adventures of
Edward Allen set over to Anthony Rarame. Suit of Mr. Wentworth
for employment in the East Indies, referred. Request of the three
Indians, Salvadr, Samuel Mounsr, and Ant. Deleber, to v take their
wives with them to the East Indies refused, as being unfitting " for
such women to go among so many unruly sailors in a ship," but to
have certain allowances during their husbands' absence. Admission
of Sir Stephen Soame and Edmund Forrest, late servant to Wm.
Bonham. John Browne, a jeweller, willing to go the voyage, to be
conferred with. Leave to Mr. Mountney to adventure 60Z. in the
joint stock. Course to be taken with Mr, Mountney 's son, as with
the rest of the youths maintained at the Company's charge. [One
page and a half. Court Bk., III., 25, 26.]

688. Sir John Digby to Sir Dudley Carleton. Doubts not he
has heard of the several ambassadors, sent these years past, from the
King of Persia to the Princes of Christendom, as the two Sherleys,
and since some other natural Persians. Their main propositions to
assist the King of Persia in his wars against the Turk, and to bring
silks and other commodities directly from Persia, without passing
through the dominions of the Turk. Resolution of the King of
Spain to enter into this treaty after many years' deliberation, and to
dispatch an ambassador, Don Garcia de Silva, to the King of Persia,
with an extraordinary rich present, to go by Ormus. [Extract from
Correspondence, Spain.]

689. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Concerning the
purchase of the ship of Shoreham of Mr. Binglosse. A new ship of
about 500 tons, to be begun as soon as convenient. Agreement
with John Browne, the jeweller, for five years. Mrs. Hawkins'
business ; Mr. Towerson and Nicholas UfHett to attend to-morrow.
James Cunningham, a preacher, recommended by Mr. Offley to have
1 00?. per annum for three years, if the good reports of him are con-
firmed by Mr. Newton, the late Prince's tutor. The spotted scarlet
cloak to he made up with gold lace, and bestowed upon one of the
principal Governors of Ahmedabad or some other place. Francis
Bullock about the aloes he bought of the Company. Admission of
Anthony Bridges. [One page and a half. Court Book III., 26-27.]

Feb. 5. 690. Richard Cocks to Rich. Wickham, at Yedo or elsewhere.

From the Mr. Peacocke will be ready in four or five days to go to Langasaque

E i g FfamkT [?Nangasaki]. Understands that Ushian Dona, the old King's [of

Japan. ' Cochin China] governor has been seized, and is likely to lose his

life. The Capt. Chinesa fallen out with his new wife ; he bid her

cut off her little finger, which she would have done but was pre-

vented. His fowling pieces given to Peacocke. [Half a page.

0. C., Vol. /., No. ISO.]

Feb. 8-11. 691. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Mr. Cun-
ningham, the preacher, by the advice of his physician, declines
taking so long a voyage. Another preacher recommended by D. Lay-

S 2

276 COLONIAL PAPERS.

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field. Difference of Dr. Foe, who l>egan to he an adventurer in the
Hh voyage, with Mr. Com p ton and llichard Alkinaon ; ho desires
to turn over his freedom to a friend, but the Company, " knowing
how near he is about the noblemen at court," are unwilling that
he should give it up, and for his sake grant the freedom of the
Company to his friend. Loan by John Holloway of (>OQl. to the
Company at 9 per cent. Conference of the governor with Sir
Noel Caron ; his masters satisfied that the King will not send over
commissioners as yet ; his desire to have in writing what the Com-
pany require, that the States may the better prepare their commis-
sioners that should be sent over with those things fit to be treated
of. Serious debate, and resolution that good correspondence should
be held to join together in some good course against the common
enemy, and in a loving and friendly trade, both defensive and
offensive, that they may use Cambaya and the Company the Mo-
luccas, so " that no places may be overlayed;" Mr. Middleton and
Mr. Bell appointed to confer with Sir Noel Caron, to acquaint him
with the Company's desire, " but leave the manner to proceed from
them" [the Hollanders]. About purchase of the ship of Shoreham.
Suit of Humphrey Robinson concerning pepper bought of the
Company. James Kennetye's wages. Concerning Mrs. Perpoynt's
son.

Feb. 9. Quicksilver and elephants' teeth to go aboard the ships.
The Deptford business. Elephants' teeth from France to be ship]>ed
for the East Indies. Rich. Burrell's adventures in several voyages
to he set over to Wm. Allen. Samples to be bought of pictures and
books supposed to be very fit to be taken to the East Indies for
sale. Agreement to give 51. each to divers mariners, being bachelors,
in lieu of their wages, if they die on the voyage. Petition of
Thus. Mott, for restoration of his lighter sunk at Deptford. Pro-
posal of Taintmore to build a new ship. Discourse of the governor
to the factors ; he exhorts them to discharge their trusts con-
scientiously, to avoid private trade, and acquaints them with the
Company's care to furnish them with things needful for their spiritual
comfort and the health of their bodies, " also books of divinity
for the soul, and history to instruct the mind ;" tells them of the
offensive behaviour of some of the Company's factors in the East
Indies, and admonishes them " to be the more respective and shun
all sin and evil behaviour, that the heathen may take no advantage
to blaspheme our religion by the abuses and ungodly behaviour of
our men ;" they are also advised to be careful to dispatch their
bonds, and are informed that many have counterfeit ballast rubies,
which will disgrace the nation and bring the Company into discredit,
" by making the people hate .and detest us, before we be settled
amongst them." Suit of Mr. Adderley for allowance for a jewel
alleged to have been disposed of by Capt. Hawkins.

Feb. 11. Francis Bale's adventure of 400/. in the joint stock to

be set over to Thos. Southwicke. Letter to Sir Noel Caron approved.

Action to be brought against Wm. Kemphorne, a sailor, arrested

for running away with his imprest money; to serve as a terror to

others. Mrs. Hawkins' business; the Company cannot allow the

EAST INDIES. 277

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extraordinary charges of her husband ; " although he bad esteemed
himself oue of the ' Grand Magore's followers/ " his salary of 200?. a
year amounts but to 700/., and 300?. allowed for bringing his wile
and household down to Surat. Question of keeping a v factory at
Agra, or only at Surat, left to the general and the factors to be
employed there. Request of Charles Hawkins for satisfaction for
300?. in Yyals supplied to his brother Capt. Hawkins ; Capt. Towerson
and Mrs. Hawkins' promise to agree to the Company's award ;
review of the proceedings of Capt. Hawkins, and his deficiencies to
the Company ; but being charitably affected towards the widow,
who is to be married very shortly, the Company present her with
a purse of 200 jacobus, as a token of their love, upon a general
release being given for all matters depending between herself and
the Company. Customs not to be paid upon quicksilver and
elephants' teeth. Elephants' teeth bought in France by Mr. Bell
to be viewed. Complaint of the customs upon the nutmegs and
mace, exceedingly overrated. A youth presented by Mr. Ferrers to
be permitted for his sake to go with one of the factors ; as also
John Peerson, recommended by Mr. Stockley upon his deathbed.
Wages of Edward Gamlin, purser's mate, and of Baily Ball, because
of his former good services in bringing down the Company's goods
from Cambaya to Surat. [Six pages and a half. Court Bk. t III.,
28-34-.]

Feb. 16. 692. Grant to Nicholas Downton, and after his decease to Wm.
Edwardes, of the office of General of the Company of Merchants
trading to the East Indies. [Minute. Grant Bh, p. 110. DOMESTIC,
Jac. I., Oal, p. 223.]

Feb. 17. 693. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Debate con-
cerning Nicholas Ufflett, who is confirmed in the Company's service.
His revelations about Mrs. Hawkins, who he confesses has one
diamond worth 2,000?. and smaller ones worth 4,000?., besides other
precious stones. He promises to bring a book of intelligence of the
proceedings of Capt.. Hawkins. The governor charges all present
to keep these things secret. Committee appointed to go down to
Gravesend with the treasure, and the principal factors to attend.
Admission of John Chapman, late servant to Wm. Palmer, and of
John Bindlesse. Allowance of 10?. to the master of the King's
barge for towing down the Company's ships to Gravesend. Each
ship to have 101. in ryals to be disposed of in the voyage, as occasion
shall happen. Submission of Henry Elmer ; orders to Capt. Downton
to turn him before the mast as a common mariner, if any fault be
again found with him. Loan of 500?. to defray certain charges due
by the Pearl. Calicoes of Mr. Robinson found defective. Mrs. Par-
point presenting her little son in court, the Company resolve to
have him placed in some free school, Tunbridge is named ; and
to allow 10?. per annum for his maintenance. [One 2 xt ff e a/ nd &
half. Court Bk. Ill, 34, 35.]

Feb. 17. 694. Richard Cocks to Rich. Wickham at Yedo or Shrongo
Firaudo, Japan. [Surunga]. Received his letter in time to prevent all his fowlin^

278 COLONIAL PAPERS.

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pieces going to Cochin China, and delivered his other letters to
Nelson, Peacocke, and Carwarden. The two last left for Langasaque
[Nangasaki], on the 14th present. Doubts whether Koyngeros'
junk will go this year for Cochin China, the owners being indebted
and the junk arrested for payment. Has given directions about
buying her, as she may serve for Siam. Capt. Brewer sends goods
for Cochin China, because the States shall not tax him with sloth-
fulness, " they having been here so long before us." Report that all
the papist Jesuits, friars, and priests shall be banished out of Japan,
but doubts the news too good to be true. [One paye. O.C., Vol. I.,
tfb.331.]

Feb. 18-26. 695. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Adventure of
Robert Larkyn, a factor in the sixth voyage, to be set over to
Richard Battye. The governor and committee formerly appointed
to take the money down to the ships on Monday, and discharge
them with all the speed they may. Request of Mr. Salter, on behalf
of the executors of Thos. Emsworth, for an allowance for ryals
taken by the factors in the James. Invoices of the cargo to be
made up. Thos. Mitford's salary increased to 601. a year. Con-
cerning Tempest Peacocke ; imputations against him cleared ; his
valour in opposing the country people at Priaman to the hazard of
himself and safeguard of the Company's men on shore ; his salary
to be considered on his return. Weapons for the houses of the
factors abroad. Offer of Mr. Stonyer to lend the Company 8002.,
accepted. Sir Jas. Stonehouse, one of the King's pensioners, to be
admitted for 207. fine, instead of 402., " considering his place in
court." Permission to Mr. Stockley's widow to adventure 1,2002.
Two ships and a pinnace, the Samaritan, Thomas, and Thomasine to
be sent next year to Bantam and to trade in the Indies. The
Expectation and the new ship to be built to go the following year,
and the Peppercorn to be prepared for any occasion. Motion to
build a new ship at Shoreham, to be considered. Timothy Mallerye
to go as a factor this voyage.

Feb. 21. Deputations appointed from the East India and
Muscovy Companies to meet, the Lord Chief Justice and Lord
Mayor at Hatton House. The employment of Nicholas Ufflett
called in question ; his stay considered dangerous " by encouraging
others to undertake a voyage into the Red Sea to the hazard of our
people in Cambaya." Debate concerning Mrs. Hawkins and the
great diamond she has in store ; resolved to present her with 200
jacobus, as formerly intended. A general release by Capt. Towerson
and his wife [Mrs. Hawkins] of all matters against the Company
and Sir Henry Middleton. Thos. Reignold's adventure of 1 002. in
the sixth voyage to be set over to Reynold Greene. Goods sold and
remaining in the warehouse to be fetched away. The Peppercorn's
goods unsold to be considered of. Want of money ; warrants to be
stayed for a month. Committee to go to Gravesend to clear the
ships.

Feb. 22. The mariner's pay. Request of John Sandcrofte, a
factor, to adventure 2G52. granted. Mr. Cater's suit to have carpets

EAST INDIES. 279

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purchased for his own use. Additional imprest to Lawrence
Spooner.

Feb. 26. Admission of Richard Ascrofte, a friend o Dr. Poe.
Resolution to send the Samaritan, Thomas, and Thomasine next
voyage, confirmed. Warrants to be signed by the governor and
four of the committees as formerly. Sir Jas. Lancaster, who is
supposed to have the original of the privileges from the King of
Acheen [see ante, No. 326] in his custody, to be asked for it, to send
to the Indies. Request of Arthur Robinson concerning defective
calicoes ; also of Mr. Egerton, the preacher, to adventure 20(). in
the general stock, readily granted, as also his freedom, the Company
" desiring his prayers to God for their prosperity." Instructions to
Mr. Ellym to insert sundry particulars in the commissions, con-
cerning a commander for the ship to be sent away from Surat and
the succession in the chief command. Salaries of Mr. Aldworthe and
Mr. Canninge, principal factors at Surat to be increased, if they are
found fit for service. That the articles of agreement made by
Mr. Best with the Governor of Amadavar [Ahmedabad], Surat, and
the rest, may be enlarged with sundry privileges, those from the
King of Acheen and from the Grand Signer to the English to be
perused, and the most material articles collected from them by
Francis Sadler, so that the general may, if possible, procure the
grant of them. Letters received from Capt. Downton and others ;
Capt. Mericke or Mr. Poynet commanded to go to the Downs to
fetch the Dreadnought, with the Pearl's goods. Permission to Sir
Thos. Dale, now employed in Virginia, to adventure 100Z. in the
joint stock, at the request of Sir Wm. Throgmorton. Resolution
that Mr. Elkington should be the principal factor at Bantam. If the
Hector return from Surat, Mr. Spaight to take the command.
Mr. Emsworth's business about the ryals. Three commissions to be
drawn, one to be kept with the general, the other two with the
factors at Surat and Bantam. There being no time to digest " the
privileges," the most material and necessary to be left to Capt.
Downton's consideration and discretion [to obtain]. Accounts to be
kept in the currency of the country. Admission gratis of Stephen
Egerton, the preacher. [Seven pages. Court Bk., III., 36-42.]

March 1. 696. Wm. Eaton to Rich. Wickham at Yedo. Has showed his
Osaka. goods to divers merchants, but none are sold, because of the prices
offered. Recapitulates the news in Cock ? s letter of 17th February
[see ante, No. 694]. The bearer is the King of Firando's secretary.
News that all the houses and churches that belonged to the friars
and Jesuits are pulled down and burnt, and that all those who were
Christians have recanted, " so as now there is no more Christians of
Japanners in these parts. 5 ' At least 150 persons have been appre-
hended for buying and selling tobacco, contrary to the emperor's
command, and are in jeopardy of their lives ; great store of tobacco
burnt, \0nepage. 0. C., Vol. I., No. 133.]

March 1-3. 697. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Admission of
Richard Mantle, servant to Wm. Greenwell, and of John Lewellin,

COLONIAL PAPERS.

Kill

servant to Win. Myllett. Concerning tlie city lands at Deptfonl.
Information of Gt o. Bennett, that Eustace Mann is the person
entertained by the French to conduct their ship into the East
Indies; order to Fras. Sadler to acquaint Mr. Edmondes, and desire
hint to procure ft warrant to examine Mann. The general's com-
mission is approved, and Mr. Ellym appointed to take it, the letters
and the boxes for succession, to the ships at Gravesend. Confirma-
tion of former resolutions for the next fleet to be Bent over.
Sir Robert Napier to be paid for the Samaritan. Committee to let
the new ship of Shoreham to the Muscovy Company upon freight
Rigging to be provided. Officers to be procured for the next
shipping. Resignation of John Waldoe, keeper of the timber-yard
at Deptford, on account of ill-health. Nicholas, brother to Francis
Sadler, appointed in his stead. Petition of Mr. Burrell, for satis-
faction for losses sustained in providing timber from Ireland
referred to a committee. Desire of Robert Ducye to be relieved of
" a broke " of 121. Agreement of Roger Hawes for payment of 20L
to Henry Allen.

March 3. George Bennett, having taken great pains to discover
the Adventurers in furnishing the ship from France to the East Indies,
brings Mr. Atkins and another to the governor ; they were willing
to do what the Company thought fit, and hoped, with three more,
to obtain their freedom gratis, when they intended to join and use
means to break the neck of the business, but found the rest wilfully
bent to persevere ; they were entreated to set down the names and
amounts of those who have adventured, and they will find the
Company kind to do them any good in requital. Concerning the
lands at Deptford. Rigging ; the Company have about 20 tons of
hemp spun in Goodman's Fields. Resolution to send 75 men in the
Samaritan, 50 in the Thomas, and 25 in the Thomasine. Concerning
the selection of masters for the ships. Hunt, recommended by
Capt. Middleton, thought fit to go master of the Thomas ; David
Carpenter in the Samaritan, and Roe mate, if he will ; other officers
nominated. Remarks on the previous conduct of several masters ;
determination to employ them only as mates. Symonson willing to
go again, and Thos. Jones as a boatswain. About engaging west
countrymen as masters. Mr. Fletcher, Mr. Read, and Ralph Freeman
" to be freed from broke." Payment of Mr. Towcrson's adventure.
Question propounded by the governor whether one man should not
govern the three ships, to advise when they arrive at Bantam, whether
any proceed to Japan, Coromandel, the Molluccas, or any other parts ;
Capt. David Middleion recommended as a very sufficient and fit
person ; objections against him ; the whole subject referred to the
next court. Request of Baily Ball, by letter, for a sword and
dagger, and a case of pistols to take with him to the East Indies.
Sale of the Expectation. Ordnance Two culverins lent to the
Virginia Company. [Five pagc8 and three quarters. Court Bk.,
III., 43-48.]

March 7. 698. Rich. Cocks to Rich. Wickham " in Edo, Strongo, or etee-
Fjrando, where." Mr. Peacockc will be ready to depart within five or six

EAST INDIES. 281

1G14.

clays. Report of "a lying friar or Jesuit," that Oapt. Addames
was dead at Miako, and had not Cocks received a letter from
Addames he should have stood in doubt. It is generally reported
that all the padres are to "avoid" out of Japan; it seems the name of
Christian is odious. On Sunday " we put out our flag as our custom
is," but in the afternoon Foyne Same, the old king, sent word to
take it in because it had a cross on it ; Cocks explained that the
cross was not made in the form of the Cross of Christ, but as a
badge or token whereby the English nation was known from all
others, " yet all would not serve, but down it must, full sore against
my will, Foyne telling me it was the emperor's will it should be so,
only we might put out any other mark we would, a cross only ex-
cepted ; and that ships coming might bear a cross upon the water,
but not on land/' Has written to Capt. Addames, wishing him to
know the emperor's pleasure whether the English shall not be per-
mitted to bear their colours as well as the Hollanders. It seems
these people are generally bent against all Christians. [One page.
0. G., Vol. I., No. 13-k]

March 9. 699. Rich. Cocks to Rich. Wickham. Commends his diligence.
Firando, Has received a letter from Ed. Sayer from Tushma, who is out of
Japan. ] 1O p e o f an y good to be done there or at Corea, and is very desirous
to go for Focaty. Peacocke ready to go towards Cochin China.
Thinks Capt. Brewer and Peacocke will depart from Langasaque
[Nangasaki] within two or three days. Bought a wench for three
taieS; who must serve five years and then repay the three taies, or
else remain a perpetual captive ; "she is but 12 years old, and over
small yet for trade ; but you would little think that I have an other
forthcoming that is more 'lapedable;' yet it is true, and I think a
gentlewoman of your acquaintance ; you must be no blab of your
tongue." Report that the emperor is dead, " as a lying friar gave
out the like of Capt. Addames." [One page. 0. C., Vol. L, Ifo.
135.]

March 9-12. 700. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Conditions
upon which Robt. Atkins, Daniel Newman, Plump. Ambler, Thos.
Gosriold, Adam Lawrence, and Phillip Bridgman are willing to dis-
cover to the Company " the pretended voyage of France" [to the
East Indies], and the best means to overthrow that project ; John
J ohnson Moll, the captain ; supposed amount adventured ; the Com-
pany's proceedings at the council table, and resolution to justify their
complaint, as not only a question of privilege, but a business of
state. Committee appointed to take care of the matter, and Mr.
Basse to confer privately with Bump. Ambler. Suit of Mann to be
taken into favour. Thos. Hemsworth's business, touching the pay-
ment of a bill of exchange for 4001. Hunt to be entertained as /i
master's mate, at Mr. Otfley's recommendation. Commissions to be
prepared earlier in future ; reasons. Petition of Mary, wife of John
Spure, midshipman ; and of Joan, wife of John Giles, quartermaster,
for some unclaimed pepper lying in the Custom House, a like quan-
tity having been sent to them by their husbands, and sold in Ireland
by Jas. Delay.

282 COLONIAL PAPERS.

1614. .

March 10. Half of Geo. Benson's adventure of 100Z. in the tenth
voyage, to bo set over to John Uade ; also Matthew Porter's ad-
venture of :>()()/. in the eighth voyage to Geo. Bennett, all John
Weild's remaining adventures to John Holloway, and half of John
Gardiner's to Henry Carter, clerk of Goldsmiths' Hall. Informa-
tion of Mr. King concerning the amounts adventured in the French
ship [for the East Indies] and names of the adventurers. Accident
to the Hector caused l>y the buoy in the Channel l>eing misplaced,
alleged to be done by Mr. Poynett, " to disgrace other* that should
undertake to conduct the ships ;'' the Trinity House intend to cull
him in question. Gratuities to Wm. Ivett and Thos. Milton for
piloting the New Year's Gift and Solomon. Anchors and cables to

I o

be provided against the arrival of the Trades Increase. The ships
to be victualled for 18 months for the present. Suit of Mr. Went-
worth of Suffolk, a good navigator, for employment, who had been
with Sir John Hawkins and Capt. Frobisher, but had lived pri-
vately in the country. Information being received that one Capt.
Harris belonging to the Lord Privy Seal is like to be pressed upon
them for a chief commander, he was told by the governor that the
Company expect a man qualified for such a place to be partly a
navigator, partly a merchant, with knowledge to lade a ship, and
partly a man of fashion and good respect ; this answer was hoped
to be a good means to urge against him or any others of his rank or
condition who may be pressed upon them. Touching the adventure
of Hugh Frayne, deceased, a factor in the sixth voyage. Claim of
John Holloway to his division in the fourth voyage of 3s. 6d. in
the pound. About payment of the adventures under-written by
the factors. Order to Mr. Burrell to have two new lighters built.
Dispute between Mr. Bullock and Mr. Sone, the goldsmith, about some
aloes. Calicoes sold and remaining in the warehouse ; goods to
be sold. Accounts to be brought in. How to distinguish the ac-
counts of the several voyages to be left to the auditors and ac-
"ountants. Request of Lord Pembroke and Sir Edwin Sandys, to
forbear part payment of their adventure until the end of the month
when their rents svill come in. Money only to be provided for the next
ships ; if commodities be required they may be found at Bantam.
Cloth to be bespoken for the next year ; the Expectation, another
new ship to be built, and the Peppercorn to go the next voyage,
and if Sir Henry Middleton's return give encouragement, to con-
sider of another new ship to join them. Milward, a jeweller, well
skilled in rough and cut diamonds and the author of certain rules
to judge of their worth, thought very fitting for employment at
Bantam. David Carpenter, master of the Samaritan, and Roe, his
mate, to be considered.

March 12. Atkins, King, and other projectors of the intended
voyage from France [to the East Indies] desire not to appear before
the council on the next day and promise to overthrow the voyage,
to bring the master before the Company, and help them to buy the
ship ; they are desired to make their request in writing. John
Totten, who went master of the Pearl, to be offered to go master

EAST INDIES. 283

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of the Thomas. David Carpenter, notwithstanding his imperfection
of hearing and his age, to be entertained as master. Masters pro-
posed for the Thomasine. Nicholas Symonson, now master carpenter
in the Samaritan, one of those taken at Surat by the Portuguese
and long kept prisoner to have his wages paid, as others have had.
Request of Sir Robt. Napier to be paid for the Samaritan. About
making a ropey ard at Deptford. Petition of Mr. Burrell for satis-
faction for timber from Ireland, employed on the New Year's Gift,
for salary during his stay there and for his extroardinary pains in
finishing and despatching the last fleet ; a gratuity of J 5QL awarded
to him. Divers sailors discharged at the Downs, because of an
overplus of men, to be entered in the books for the next fleet.
Agreement with John Peters as a master's mate. Gratuity to John
and Thos. Poynett, pilots. [Nine pages and a quarter. Court
Ek., III., 48-57.]

March 14. 701. " Articles for keeping of Company," by Capt Nich. Downton,

Aboard the to be observed in a voyage to the East Indies. Indorsed, " To

tlft 'Mr. Arthur Spaight." [One page. 0.0. t Vol. L, No. 136.]

March 14-22. 702. Court Minutes of the East India Company. Arthur Predys
to go purser in the Samaritan, and Abraham Bond, purser's mate,
in the Thomas. Suspicious doubts of William Biddulph's honest
carriage ; to be further inquired about. Geo. Piborne appointed
purser's mate in the Thomasine ; and John Osterwicke in the
Samaritan. Samuel Moseley to be purser in the Thomas. John
Milward, the jeweller, to be entertained in the Company's service
at 100 marks a year. The governor acquaints the court that
Newman had refused to submit himself and to subscribe the
writing of reconciliation; that he questioned the authority of
the clerk of the council, and refused to enter into bond to appear
at the council table ; that thereupon the lords committed him close
prisoner, by warrant to the Gatehouse, " where he remaineth to be
humbled for his obstinate and wilful courses." Mr. King and the
rest being called before their lordships, upon submission on their
knees craving pardon of the state for the heinousness of their
offence, their offences were remitted and they were set at liberty
upon sufficient bond to desist from prosecuting the [East Indian]
trade any further in foreign parts, and promise of their uttermost
endeavours to bring both the ship out of France, and the master
into England again ; the condition of the bond to be left to
Mr. Cottington's care. John Yates to be purser in the Thomasine.
Debate on the question of employing Capt. Middleton as general in
the next voyage ; many errors of his government ripped up, but he
is nevertheless supposed to be the fittest person that can be thought
upon to pursue trade either to Coromandel, Japan, China, the Mo-
luccas, or any other places ; he is opposed by Mr. Handforde as very
unfit for government. Captains Harris, Marlott, and Wentworth,
commended as fit to be second in command, referred. The com-
missions to be presently undertaken to prevent the danger of
delay. Mr. Bell to procure letters from His Majesty to the Emperor

284 COLONIAL PAPERS.

I Git.

nf China, the King of Japan, and other general letters, as were sent
by tin- last fleet. Letter received from Capt. Down ton, in behalf of
Mr. Wright, the mathematician, who has gathered great knowledge
in the Universities, and effected many worth)- works in rectifying
errors formerly smothered ; resolved that for his courses of lectures
hitherto paid for by Sir Thos. Smythe and Mr. Wo'stenholme, the
Company will allow him oQl. per annum ; he to examine their
journals and mariners and perfect their plotts [ ? maps or plans].
Provisions for the ships. A preacher having been provided to
remain at Surat, Mr. Evans, of Little St. Helen's, is recommended
to live at Bantam. Commodities to be sent, "some little of every-
thing," as lead, elephants' teeth, pieces (muskets), sword blades,
iron, wins, cider, nails, opium to the value of 40/. or SOL for a trial,
kei-seys and beer. Pepper to be given up to Mary Spurc and Joan
Giles on certain conditions.

March 15. Mr. Fletcher's and Mr. Pointell's accounts. Petition
of Daniel White for a purser's place. The King having allowed
the Company 921 /. 0.9. for the tonnage of six new ships built by
them, viz., the Trades Increase, Peppercorn, Clove, Thomas, James
and Osiander, the amount is to be deducted from customs by the
farmers. Petition of Nicholas Hawkins for a factor's place, referred.
Other petitions for employment dismissed. Petitions of Robt.
Davies, Matthew Fletcher, Adam Tanner, Geo. Cullimer, John
Banckes, Gilbert Uickenson, who serves the Earl of Shrewsbury,
John Carryll, Edmund Mitford, Edward Gardyner, John Flower,
Lawrence Colston, for employment in the Company's service, either
referred for consideration or dismissed. Request of Francis Pynder,
gunner's mate, for some allowance, and of Edmund Bliethinan, who
returned purser in the Solomon, to be again employed. The
business with the Bridge House [concerning some land at Deptford].
Sufficiency of John Peters to be inquired into. Petitions of [Christ]
Buggyns, Simon Stratford, Thos. Dedham and Raphe Coppindall,
referred for consideration. Stephen Hodgson's adventure of 160?.
in the eighth voyage to be passed over to llobt. Middleton and
Robt. JBateman. Mr. Hems worth's business concluded, and he
admitted an adventurer gratis. Richard Grafton, Thos. Atkinson,
a goldsmith, - - Purslyn, and Richard Wright are " left to their
fortunes elsewhere/' the Company having no present employment
for any of them. Nath. Colman referred to the court of the Somers
Islands for employment. Matthew Porter and Thos. Jones, sub-
mitting themselves and desiring to be employed again, Jones is
appointed boatswain in the Samaritan. About buying the ship
from France, the Company unwilling " to deal for a pig in a poke
(as the phrase goeth)," but will contribute to the charge of bringing
her over, if they do not buy her. Capt. Middleton confirmed as
general of the voyage, although Mr. Treasurer [Win. Harrison] and
[Humph] Handforde protested against his being employed because
of his want of government, and alleged, if anything should hapj>en
otherwise than well, the imputation will fall upon the governor and
committees for electing him.

EAST INDIES. 285

1614.

March 18. Promise to employ Nathaniel Best when the next
ships are prepared. Request of Win. Dale for employment for
his son. A vice-admiral to be entertained ; some grave, solid, staid
man who may be fit to confer with Capt. Downton on occasion
of any matters of import. Intention to settle more factories,
hoping to beat out a trade at Siam, Patani, and other places ; some
greater number of factors to be provided. Robt. Johnson, born in
Yarmouth, and knowing the French, Italian, Spanish, and Portu-
guese languages, recommended for employment by Capt. Towerson ;
Robt. Hughes, also recommended, is dismissed. Gco. Cullymer, com-
mended for a very honest and sufficient man, is objected to " only
for this exception," being a married man, but the Company promise
to entertain him if he bring some of his wife's friends to speak for
him. Ralph Coppindall and Nicholas Hawkins entertained. Thos.
Dedham referred. Objections against Capt. Middleton's former
courses in private trade ; he is allowed to adventure in the joint stock
and promises to forbear private trade and amend whatsoever has
been amiss. Debate on his misgovernmeiit ; to avoid the like here-
after he is acquainted with a resolution that a council of the officers
of the ship shall be called together upon any great cause to give
their verdict, and hopes are held out of a gratification upon his
return if he observe that which is enjoined by his commission.
Wm. Evans, a preacher at Barking, who has been in Spain and the
West Indies, practised physic for 20 years in France and England,
and studied divinity eight years, recommended to the Company.
Offer of a Scotchman, a preacher, to go the voyage ; one recom-
mended by Dr. Layfeild to be seen. Richard Biddulph to be
steward of the Samaritan, and Robt. Davies of the Thomas. The
Thomasine not to carry more than twenty-five men. Resolution not
to send more elephants' teeth than those provided for this voyage,
about five or six tons. Capt. Micldleton, intending to try and beat
out a trade among the Portuguese at the Moluccas, desires a cloak
or two of scarlet, and one or two gold chains of 40. or 50?. a piece,
and three or four pieces of plate for presents ; two cloaks trimmed
with gold lace to be provided. Diamonds bought of the Company,
including the great diamond at 535Z. by Philip Jacobson.

March 19. Half of Wm. Steer's adventure of GOOZ. in the joint
stock to be set over to Henry Carter ; Robt. Kirkham's adventure
of 1,000?. to John Wolstenholme ; and part of the adventure of
John Manestye, deceased, to Raphe Hamor. Sir Jas. Stonehouse, a
courtier, and one of the King's privy chamber, to be admitted
gratis, the Company being " willing to have some such their
friends about the King that should be tied unto them by some
kindness, especially against this time of the Parliament." Mr. Tucker,
of Gravesend, to be also admitted gratis. Lawrence Colston unfit
for employment. Order of the Privy Council for Newman's release
upon his submission to Sir Thos. Smythe and the Company. Con-
cerning the refusal of Mr. Bullock to give security for the aloes
succatrina bought of the Company. Resolution of Capt. Middleton
not to go the voyage, his going having been so opposed by some
and so distasteful ; motion for Capt. Harris to go in his stead. An

286 COLONIAL PAPERS.

16U.

experienced and well qualified merchant, fit to go to Japan if need
be, to be inquired for, " rather than a captain or other gentleman."
Mathew Porter condemned for his double dealing. Roe willing to
go as master's mate, but standing upon a salary of 6/. j>er month,
for his obstinacy in not submitting himself, nor understanding the go-
vernor's speeches, who wished him to rely upon the Company's cour-
tesy, to be put in suit and brought into the starchamber " to humble
him and make him know himself." To ascertain whether Wilson
will go as mate to David Carpenter. Request of several persons
trained for the Company's service, but punished for their misgovern-
ment, to have their offences remitted ; refusal of the Company to be
reconciled to them without their submission. Sureties for upwards
of 5,0001. of silk bought by Mr. Middleton and Mr. Freeman.
Mr. Bell's rememhrance to employ a greater stock to the Bay of
Bengala than is yet provided ; great hope of a large trade in the
" Lurne " of Patani's country, where the Dutch bought raw silks to
the value of 100,000 ryals ; resolution respited until returns can be
had from thence. If commodities should be wanted for Japan, it is
supposed that Bantam and Coromandel will furnish them. Grati-
fication to Lott Peere for diverting many of the petitioners for the
East Indies to make their suit for the Somers Islands, " holding it
to be a good pleasure done for the Company to be so rid of them."
About payment for pepper and indigo bought by Mr. Dye and
Morris Abbott. Order to Mr. Demetres to brew sixteen tuns of
strong beer for the next ships.

March 22. Admission of Richard Lambe, servant to Robt. Pal-
mer, grocer, Hugh Wyndham, servant to Richard Chamberlain,
ironmonger, and Thos. Mellinge, servant to Robt. Chamberlain,
ironmonger. Hump. Robinson, about goods bought of the Com-
pany. Emmanuel Browne entertained as master's mate. The new
ship to be of the same size as the New Year's Gift. Sheathing
nails to be sent with the ships, and left at Bantam for store. Grati-
fication to Allen Carey. The Thomasine to have but one purser, a
surgeon, and a steward, who must be a cooper. Suit of John
Smyth, a young man who h?s been twice in the East Indies, to live
again in the country. Committees to go daily aboard to dispatch
away the ships. Resolution not to employ George Cullymer as a
factor ; the reasons to be kept secret. Capt. Middleton again enter-
tained, through the efforts of some of the Company, and the love he
bears them. Mr. Evans, the preacher, dismissed, " about whom as
ill a report goeth as of any about this town of his coat." Some fair
elephants' teeth, of one or two to the hundred, to be sold by Mr.
Chamberlain. Nicholas Hawkins entertained as factor for seven
years, with an allowance of 7ol. a year. It being reported of Mr.
Sturdivant, a preacher, formerly nominated by Dr. Layfeild, " that
lie hath a straggling humour, can frame himself to all company, as
he finds men affected, and delighteth in tobacco and wine," he is
conceived untit for one of his profession, and for the Company's
employment. Raphe Coppindall to have 75?. per annum, and be
bound for seven years. Edmund Blitheman to be a second factor,
with a salary of '301. per annum. Mr. Freeman's sureties accepted

EAST INDIES.

287

March 22.

Osaka.

March 24.

1614.

for the white silk. Concerning Newman's release, and