UNITED STATES
ATOMIC ENERGY
COMMISSION
PROFESSIONAL LEVEL
REPRINTED WITH ADDITIONS
From the collection of the
o Prelinger
v Jjlbrary
p
San Francisco, California
2006
NOTICE
This printing of the USAEC Professional -Level Film Cata-
log 1966-1967 contains information on 11 additional films
released since the publication of the 1965 edition. Descrip-
tions of these new films, which are listed below with their
categories, are found beginning on page 88.
Subject Category
Aero-Space Programs: SNAP
Aero-Space Programs: VELA
Biology and Medicine
Fuels, Processing and
Metallurgy
Peaceful Uses of Nuclear
Explosives (Plowshare)
Power Reactors
Safety, Waste Disposal, and
Monitoring
Title
First Reactor in Space:
SNAP-lOA
SNAP-8: System for Nuclear
Auxiliary Power
Operation Long Shot
Extracorporeal Irradiation of
Blood and Lymph
Return to Bikini
Shear- Leach Process for
Spent Nuclear Fuels
Safety in the Plowshare Pro-
gram
Atomic Power Today: Service
with Safety
Atoms on the Move: The
Transportation of Radio-
active Materials
Controlling Records Fires
with High Expansion Foam
Waste Disposal by Hydraulic
Fracturing
FOREWORD
USAEC motion pictures listed in this catalog are available for free
loan, without charge for public non-profit exhibition. Most films, with
the few exceptions noted in those film descriptions, are available from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
11
CONTENTS
Alphabetical Index of Professional Film Titles iv
A Word to New Borrowers . . v . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Map: USAEC Film Library Locations and Service Areas . . . xii
Where to Borrow . . xii
Who May Borrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
How to Order xiv
Loan Requirements . . . . , xiv
Advice to Foreign Borrowers xvi
Where to Purchase Prints . xvi
USAEC Stock Film Footage Program xvii
Description of Professional Films (by Subject Category)
Aero-Space Programs:
ROVER . . .... 1
SNAP (Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power) ...... 1
VELA 5
Agriculture , 6
Biology and Medicine . . ; . . 6
Education 13
Engineering 15
Fuels, Processing, and Metallurgy 17
Industrial Applications - 25
Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosives (Plowshare) 27
Physical Research . f ' 31
Power Reactors 41
Research and Test Reactors . . .... 54
Safety, Waste Disposal, and Monitoring 60
Series:
"Radioisotopes" 74
"Understanding the Atom" 77
Geneva, 1964 Films ..... 84
iii
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF
PROFESSIONAL FILM TITLES
ACCEL: AUTOMATED CIRCUIT CARD ETCHING LAYOUT . . 15
ACROMEGALY 6
ADVANCED TEST REACTOR 54
ADVENTURES IN METALLURGY 17
AIR AND GAS CLEANING FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY 60
ALPHA, BETA, AND GAMMA (Understanding the Atom
Series) 78
ANALYSIS OF NUCLEON-NUCLEON SCATTERING
EXPERIMENTS 31
ARGONAUT, THE 55
ARGONNE FAST SOURCE REACTOR 55
ARGONNE GAMMA IRRADIATION FACILITY 56
ARMOUR RESEARCH REACTOR 56
ATOM IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE, THE (Understanding the
Atom Series) . 78
ATOMIC APOTHECARY, THE . . . . N 7
ATOMIC PHYSICS 32
ATOMIC POWER AT SHIPPINGPORT 41
ATOMIC VENTURE 41
ATOMIC WEATHERMAN: STRONTIUM-90 ISOTOPIC
APPLICATIONS 42
ATOMS FOR THE AMERICAS 13
ATOMS ON THE MOVE: TRANSPORTATION OF
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS . . . . 61
BETA RAY SPECTROMETER . 32
BORAX: CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A
BOILING WATER REACTOR ....... 42
BUILDING FOR ATOMIC ENERGY 56
CERAMIC FUEL FABRICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR PRTR . . 17
CHROMOSOME LABELING BY TRITIUM 7
CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES .... 27
CLEAN AIR IS A BREEZE 15
COBALT-60 RELOADING . . . . 7
iv
CONSTRUCTION OF THE ARGONNE RESEARCH REACTOR . . 56
CONSTRUCTION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL BOILING
WATER REACTOR . i 43
COUNTING WHOLE BODY RADIOACTIVITY 8
CURRENT METHODS IN PLUTONIUM FUEL FABRICATION . . 18
DEVELOPING HOMOGENEOUS REACTORS . 43
DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY WITH RADIATION .... . . . 8
DISPERSION THEORY APPROACH TO NUCLEON-
NUCLEON SCATTERING ......* 33
DRESDEN NUCLEAR POWER STATION 43
EBR-I CORE DISASSEMBLY AFTER MELTDOWN. ,\ . . . 18
EBR-II FUEL CYCLE DEVELOPMENT . . 19
EBR-II FUEL FACILITY . . . . 19
ENGINEERING TEST REACTOR ("Long Version") 57
ENGINEERING TEST REACTOR ("Short Version") 57
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING AT SANDIA 16
EXPERIMENTAL BOILING WATER REACTOR, THE 44
EXPERIMENTAL BREEDER REACTOR I, MARK III 44
EXPERIMENTS IN CONTROLLING BRUSH FIRES WITH
DETERGENT FOAM ................ 61
FABRICATION OF PLUTONIUM DISKS 19
FABRICATION OF RESEARCH REACTOR FUEL
ELEMENTS ..... 20
FABRICA TION OF SNAP- 7D FUEL SOURCES 1
FABRICATION OF THE ACCELERATOR STRUCTURE .... 33
FAST REACTOR DEVELOPMENT 44
FAST REACTOR PROGRAM 45
FIRE FIGHTING IN THE NUCLEAR AGE 62
FUEL ELEMENT BURNING EXPERIMENT 63
FUEL FABRICATION FACILITY 20
FUNDAMENTALS OF MECHANICAL VIBRATION 16
FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIOACTIVITY (Radioisotopes Series) . 75
FUSION RESEARCH -. 34
GAS COOLED REACTOR EXPERIMENT ......... 45
GAUGING THICKNESS WITH RADIOISOTOPES 25
GROUP SHELTER 63
HALLAM NUCLEAR POWER FACILITY ......... 45
HEAVY PARTICLE BEAMS IN MEDICINE ........ 8
HIGH ACTIVITY WASTE .............. 64
HIGH ENERGY PARTICLE ACCELERATORS ....... 34
HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS RESEARCH .......... 35
HOMOGENEOUS REACTOR EXPERIMENT-II ....... 46
HUMAN RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS ....... 9
HWCTR AND THE HEAVY WATER POWER REACTOR
PROGRAM, THE . 46
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES 28
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF RADIOISOTOPES ..... 25
IN-PILE LOOP TESTS OF HOMOGENEOUS REACTOR
MATERIALS .... . . ........... 46
INTRODUCTION TO ANALOG COMPUTERS 14
INTRODUCTION TO HIGH VACUUM . . . ; . . . . . . 35
IODINE-131 . . . v . v . . . ...'.-. . ... . 9
IONIZING RADIATION IN HUMANS ...,,-. 9
ISOTOPES . . . . 20
KINETIC EXPERIMENT ON WATER BOILERS 64
LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING .......... 10
LIVING WITH A GLOVED BOX 64
LIVING WITH RADIATION 65
MANY FACES OF ARGONNE, THE 36
MEDICAL RESEARCH REACTOR 10
METALS FRONTIER 21
MICRODE FORMATION OF URANIUM 21
MIT RESEARCH REACTOR 57
ML- 1 MOBILE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 47
MODIFICATION OF RADIATION INJURY IN MICE 10
NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY REACTOR 58
NEUTRON ACTIVATION 36
NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS 37
NEUTRON DIFFRACTION 37
NEUTRON IMAGE DETECTOR 38
NON-ROOT FEEDING OF PLANTS 6
NOVEL METHODS OF FUEL FABRICATION 22
NUCLEAR ENERGY GOES RURAL 47
NUCLEAR POWER FOR SPACE SNAP-9A 2
NUCLEAR REACTIONS (Understanding the Atom Series) ... 79
NUCLEAR REACTOR SPACE POWER SYSTEMS ...... 2
NUCLEAR REACTORS FOR RESEARCH . 58
NUCLEAR REACTORS FOR SPACE 2
NUCLEAR SHIP SAVANNAH. THE 48
NUCLEAR WITNESS, THE ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
IN CRIME INVESTIGATION 26
OAK RIDGE RESEARCH REACTOR . . 58
OMRE FUEL ELEMENT REMOVAL AND SECOND CORE
LOADING 48
OPERATING EXPERIENCE-DRESDEN 48
OPERATING EXPERIENCE -HALLAM 49
OPERATING EXPERIENCE-INDIAN POINT 49
OPERATING EXPERIENCE-YANKEE 49
ORGANIC MODERATED REACTOR EXPERIMENT 50
OUR NEAREST STAR 3
PAX ATOMIS: SNAP- 7 TERRESTRIAL ISOTOPIC
POWER SYSTEMS 3
VI
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY
(Radioisotopes Series) 75
PIQUA NUCLEAR POWER FACILITY, THE 50
PLOWSHARE 28
PLUTONIUM FUEL FABRICATION, EBR-I, MARK IV .... 22
PLUTONIUM FUEL FABRICATION FOR MTR ...... ., . 22
PLUTONIUM METAL PREPARATION . . 23
PLUTONIUM RECYCLE . . ! . . . 23
PM-1NUCLEAR POWER PLANT . 50
PM-3A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT-ANTARCTICA 51
POWER REACTOR EXPERIENCE IN THE UNITED STATES . . 51
POWER REACTORS USA 52
PRACTICAL PROCEDURES OF MEASUREMENT
(Radioisotopes Series) .............. 76
PRACTICE OF RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY (Radioisotopes
Series) . 76
PRIMER ON MONITORING .... . . . . . . . . . 65
PRODUCTION OF URANIUM FEED MATERIALS 24
PROJECT DUGOUT . ................ 28
PROJECT GNOME 29
PROJECT GNOME TECHNICAL REPORT 30
PROJECT ROVER 1
PROJECT SEDAN 30
PROPERTIES OF RADIATION (Radioisotopes Series) .... 76
PROPERTIES OF RADIATION (Understanding the Atom
Series) . , 79
RADIATION AND MATTER (Understanding the Atom
Series) ................... 80
RADIATION DETECTION BY IONIZATION (Understanding
the Atom Series) . . . . . 80
RADIATION DETECTION BY SCINTILLATION
(Understanding the Atom Series) ........... 80
RADIATION EFFECTS IN CHEMISTRY _. 39
RADIATION IN PERSPECTIVE ..... . . . . . . . 66
RADIATION PROTECTION IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE .. ... 11
RADIOISOTOPE APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY
(Understanding the Atom Series) ........... 81
RADIOISOTOPE APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE
(Understanding the Atom Series) ........... 81
RADIOISOTOPE IN GENERAL SCIENCES, THE
(Radioisotopes Series) . . .... .... . . . . . 76
RADIOISOTOPE, THE: METHODOLOGY (Radioisotopes
Series) . . . . \ . . ... . . . . . . . . . 77
RADIOISOTOPES IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
(Radioisotopes Series) . . . . . . . . . . .... 77
vii
RADIOISOTOPES IN BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE
(Understanding the Atom Series) 82
RADIOISOTOPES: SAFE SERVANTS OF INDUSTRY 27
RADIOISOTOPES SERIES 74
RADIOISOTOPES: THEIR APPLICATION TO HUMANS .... 12
RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY (Understanding the Atom Series) ... 83
RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS: FROM REACTOR TO
PHYSICIAN 12
R-A-P: RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM-
TEAMWORK IN EMERGENCIES 67
REACTOR FUEL PROCESSING 24
REACTOR SAFETY RESEARCH 67
REMOTE MAINTENANCE OF MOLTEN SALT REACTORS ... 52
REMOTE REPAIR AND MODIFICATION OF THE HRE-2
CORE VESSEL . 52
RESEARCH INTO CONTROLLED FUSION 39
RESEARCH REACTOR SAFETY DEVICE 68
RESEARCH REACTORS USA 59
RESTORATION OF THE NRX REACTOR 59
RFD-2 4
SAFETY EXPERIMENTS WITH A BOILING REACTOR .... 68
SCINTILLATION CAMERA, THE 13
SL-1 ACCIDENT, PHASES 1 AND 2, THE 69
SL-1 ACCIDENT, PHASE 3, THE 70
SNAP-III OPERATIONAL TESTS 5
SNAPSHOT 5
SNAPTRAN 2/10A WATER IMMERSION TEST 71
SODIUM GRAPHITE REACTOR PROGRESS REPORT 53
SODIUM REACTOR EXPERIMENT . . . v 53
SODIUM REACTOR EXPERIMENT FABRICATION 54
SPERT DESTRUCTIVE TEST, PART I 60
SPERT-I: REACTOR SAFETY EXPERIMENTS 71
SRE CORE RECOVERY FOLLOWING FUEL- ELEMENT
DAMAGE 72
STUDY OF GRAIN GROWTH IN BeO USING A NEW
TRANSMITTED LIGHT HOT STAGE, A 24
TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICES OF THE AEC .... 14
TELETHERAPY AND BRACHYTHERAPY 13
TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAM 25
THORIUM U-233 UTILIZATION 25
TRANSCURIUM ELEMENTS: SYNTHESIS, SEPARATION
AND RESEARCH 39
TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS,
PART II, ACCIDENTS 72
TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS,
PART III, PRINCIPLES OF REGULATION 73
viii
UNDERSTANDING THE ATOM SERIES . . . ..'.'. . . 77
VALLECITOS BOILING WATER REACTOR 54
VELA PROGRAM: SATELLITE DETECTION SYSTEM .... 5
WOODEN OVERCOAT, THE . . 73
XENON TETRAFLUORIDE 40
ZERO POWER REACTOR III . 60
A WORD TO NEW BORROWERS
As part of its information and education program, the U. S. Atomic
Energy Commission maintains motion-picture libraries from which
qualified borrowers throughout the United States and Canada may
obtain 16-mm sound-track films that explain various aspects of atomic
energy. This catalog deals with professional-level technical films
available from 10 domestic USAEC film libraries. There is a separate
catalog for popular-level films. Copies of both catalogs may be ob-
tained from the Audio- Visual Branch, Division of Public Information,
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D. C. 20545; the
Exhibits and Educational Services Branch, Division of Technical In-
formation, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D. C. 20545;
or the Division of Technical Information Extension, U. S. Atomic
Energy Commission, P. O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, Term. 37830. Catalog
supplements are issued periodically.
All these films are loaned free, and only for educational, nonprofit,
and noncommercial screenings.
Television stations may order films marked "Cleared for television"
for unsponsored public service or sustaining telecasts.
There are 13 subject categories, which are listed in the Table of
Contents. The films and cross references are listed alphabetically
within each category. In ordering please refer to full film title.
PLEASE NOTE: Title listings and borrowing instructions contained
in this catalog pertain directly to the USAEC 's headquarters film li-
brary, which serves Canada, Delaware, District of Columbia, Mary-
land, Virginia, and West Virginia. Other USAEC film libraries may
issue slightly different title listings and instructions tailored to their
particular needs. Borrowers should therefore be guided by the specific
information supplied by the library which is servicing their requests.
FOREIGN BORROWERS: Please refer to "Advice To Foreign Bor-
rowers," page xvi.
XI
USAEC
MOTION PICTURE
FILM LIBRARY
LOCATIONS AND
SERVICE AREAS
AEC DOMESTIC FILM LIBRARIES
Prints of the films are available to the areas listed for
free-loan from the following 10 domestic film libraries of
the Atomic Energy Commission:
Area Served
Alaska, Oregon,
Washington
California, Hawaii,
Nevada
Arizona, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Texas
Film Library
Film Library
Information Division
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
Richland Operations Office
P. O. Box 550
Richland, Washington 99352
Phone: 509-942-1111, Ext. 64846
Public Information Office
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
San Francisco Operations Office
2111 Bancroft Way
Berkeley, California 94704
Phone: 415-841-4212
Film Librarian
Information Division
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
P. O. Box 5400
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87115
Phone: 505-264-7238
xii
Idaho, Montana, Utah
Colorado, Kansas,
Nebraska, Wyoming
Illinois, Indiana,, Iowa,
Michigan, Minnesota,
Missouri, North Dakota,
Ohio, South Dakota,
Wisconsin
Arkansas, Kentucky,
Tennessee, Louisiana,
Mississippi
Pennsylvania, New York,
Vermont, New Hampshire,
Maine, Massachusetts,
New Jersey, Rhode Island,
Connecticut
Delaware, Maryland,
Virginia, District of
Columbia, West Virginia,
Canada
North Carolina, South
Carolina, Alabama,
Georgia, Florida
Mack C. Corbett, Director
Office of Information
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
Idaho Operations Office
P. O. Box 2108
Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401
Phone: 208-526-1317
Neilsen B. O'Rear, Director
Information Division
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
Grand Junction Office
Grand Junction, Colorado 81502
Phone: 303-242-8229
Ruth Jones
Information Office
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
Chicago Operations Office
9800 South Cass Avenue
Argonne, Illinois 60439
Phone: 312-739-7711, Ext. 2109
Peggy McConnell, Film Librarian
Public Information Office
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
Oak Ridge Operations Office
P. O. Box E
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Phone: 615-483-4231
Beatrice Martinelli
Public Information Service
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
New York Operations Office
376 Hudson Street
New York, New York 10014
Phone: 212-489-1234
Sid L. Schwartz
Audio-Visual Branch
Division of Public Information
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
Washington, D. C. 20545
Phone: 301-973-4239
Film Librarian
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
Savannah River Operations Office
P. O. Box A
Aiken, South Carolina 29801
Phone: 803-824-6331, Ext. 3267
CANADIAN BORROWERS
Residents of Canada may obtain many of the films in this catalog from the
National Science Film Library, Canadian Film Institute, 1762 Carling St.,
Ottawa 13, Canada. Films not available from this source may be ordered by
writing directly to the Audio- Visual Branch, Division of Public Information,
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D. C. 20545.
xiii
WHO MAY BORROW
Residents of the United States and Canada who are bona fide represen-
tatives of educational, civic, industrial, professional, youth activity,
and government organizations are invited to borrow films from the
USAEC Motion Picture Library which services their area. Because of
wear and tear that results from repeated projection, films are loaned
for group showings, and not for screening before individuals or in
homes. Because custody of the films involves both legal and financial
responsibility, films cannot be loaned to minors.
Television stations may order films marked "Cleared for television"
for unsponsored public service or sustaining telecasts. However, films
produced by the United States Information Agency (USIA) for its
"Atoms for Peace" series may be employed only for local, non-
network programs, and must be telecast in their entirety.
HOW TO ORDER
USAEC Motion Picture Libraries enjoy heavy patronage throughout the
year, so it is important that borrowers needing particular titles should
make their requests as far in advance of their scheduled showing date
as possible. Most USAEC libraries request at least three weeks ad-
vance notice on all films ordered. Since some titles are booked solidly
in advance for several months, borrowers should attempt to specify at
least two other acceptable titles and one other acceptable alternate
showing date. (Most USAEC libraries respond to all requests involving
a conflict with advice on what film will be shipped, and when.)
LOAN REQUIREMENTS
The following requirements apply to all films and all borrowers, re-
gardless of which USAEC Motion Picture Library provides the service:
1. Projection must be on good motion picture sound equipment, and
by a train ed operator.
2. No borrower may remove under any circumstances even tem-
porarily any footage from USAEC library films on loan to him, either
to delete damaged sprocket holes or to edit or digest selected scenes.
3. Films do break, and occasionally will require splicing by the
borrower. However, we prefer that damaged films be returned to the
libraries for the professional repairs available there. Do not use
xiv
"scotch" tape for emergency splices. Either unrepaired damage or
splicing accomplished by the borrower should be noted on the "Report
of Screenings and Attendance" so that the film may be fully repaired
before it is shipped to the next borrower.
4. Borrowers planning to show a number of films on a protracted
schedule should request delivery of specific films on a staggered
schedule to facilitate maximum use by other borrowers. No borrower
may hold a film past scheduled return date without express prior per-
mission of the issuing USAEC library.
5. No borrower may release a USAEC film from his personal
possession for reloan to another individual or agency without express
prior permission of the issuing USAEC library. Except where heavy
demand requires tighter scheduling, borrowers are normally allowed
to retain films for four or five days.
6. Borrowers are obligated to complete the "Report of Screenings
and Attendance" report enclosed with each film.
7. A few of the libraries, namely New York, Chicago, and San
Francisco Operations Offices, prefer that a film be returned to the
can after the last screening without. rewinding. However, most of the
remaining USAEC libraries prefer to have film rewound unless they
issue specific contrary instructions.
8. Films are shipped from the libraries at government expense, but
return shipment charges are borne by the borrower.
9. Films are normally shipped by parcel post, but it is the bor-
rower's responsibility to use any available means including air
express, air mail, or personal delivery to assure that films being
returned will reach the libraries on or before the due date.
10. Borrowers must reimburse the government for any damage
beyond normal wear and tear to USAEC library films, and for any lost
films. All libraries require that borrowers insure each reel for $50.00
during its return shipment to provide proof of mailing, to facilitate
tracing of temporarily lost films, and to permit ready replacement of
any films lost permanently.
Optimum service to the thousands of borrowers utilizing USAEC
Motion Picture Libraries is possible only when each individual bor-
rower complies fully with these requirements. Failure of a borrower
to follow the instructions of the library that has serviced his request
may result in suspension of the service to the borrower and his
organization.
xv
ADVICE TO FOREIGN BORROWERS
Because most of the titles stocked by the USAEC motion picture film
libraries are in heavy demand by U. S. borrowers and because ship-
ments abroad would involve lengthy, nonproductive periods in transit,
it is not considered practical to extend this film library service to
other than U. S. and Canadian residents.
However, a number of titles listed in this catalog have been acquired
by the U. S. Information Agency for use in various U. S. Information
Service film libraries throughout the world. Residents of each nation
should seek assistance directly from the nearest U. S. Information
Service at the American Embassy in the capital city of their country.
In addition, prints owned by the USAEC are available for loan to the
U.S. Information Agency in Washington, which will arrange to provide
prints on a brief loan basis to the U. S. Information Service posts
overseas.
Also, the USAEC maintains four film libraries overseas, at its
liaison offices at the American embassies in Tokyo, Brussels, London,
and Buenos Aires. The films are maintained in behalf of the Com-
mission by the U. S. Information Service posts at those embassies.
Please direct your inquiry to the USAEC office at the embassy.
Many of the films in this catalog are in the film library of the
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, and in the American
Film Library, The Hague, Holland.
WHERE TO PURCHASE PRINTS
Most films listed in this catalog may be purchased from private com-
mercial suppliers NOT the USAEC. It is suggested that organizations
which have continuing requirements for repeated screenings of the
same film may find it more satisfactory, and perhaps more economical
also, to own a print than to borrow it.
In the following Description of Films, wherever possible the com-
mercial supplier from whom prints may be purchased, and also the
approximate price as known is indicated. Since prices may change,
we suggest that prospective purchasers obtain up-to-date quotations
before ordering, by writing to the proper commercial supplier:
ABBOTT LABORATORIES BYRON MOTION PICTURES
Dept. of Radio -Pharmaceuticals 1226 Wisconsin Avenue, N. W.
14th & Sheridan Road Washington, D. C. 20007
North Chicago, Illinois 60064
AUDIO PRODUCTIONS, INC. CALVIN PRODUCTIONS, INC.
630 Ninth Avenue 1105 Truman Road
New York, N. Y. 10036 Kansas City, Missouri 64106
XVI
CAPITAL FILM LABORATORIES,
INC.
470 E. Street, S. W.
Washington, D. C. 20024
COLBURN, GEO. W., LABORA-
TORY, INC.
164 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
COLOR SERVICE CO., INC.
115 West 45th Street
New York, N. Y. 10036
CONSOLIDATED FILM INDUS-
TRIES
959 Seward Street
Hollywood, California 90038
DuART FILM LABORATORIES,
INC.
245 West 55th Street
New York, N. Y. 10019
FILMSERVICE LABORATORIES,
INC.
6327 Santa Monica Boulevard
Hollywood, California 90038
GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
Film Production and Distribution
60 Washington Avenue
Schenectady, New York 12306
GENERAL FILM LABORATORIES
1546 North Argyle Avenue
Hollywood, California 90028
GERALD PRODUCTIONS, INC.
421 West 54th Street
New York, N. Y. 10019
HOLLYWOOD FILM ENTER-
PRISES, INC.
6060 Sunset Boulevard
Hollywood, California 90028
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
Film Production Unit
Alice Norton House
Ames, Iowa 50010
LANE, ANTHONY STUDIOS, INC.
7401 Wayzata Boulevard
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55416
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AIR
FORCE STATION, USAF
8935 Wonderland Avenue
Hollywood, California 90046
McNAMARA PRODUCTIONS
Gateway West
Century City, Los Angeles,
California
MEDICAL FILM GUILD, LTD.
506 West 57th Street
New York, N. Y. 10019
ORLEANS FILM PRODUCTIONS
Ford Place
Knoxville, Tennessee 37900
PALMER, W. A., FILMS, INC.
611 Howard Street
San Francisco, California 94105
TELEFILM INDUSTRIES, INC.
6039 Hollywood Boulevard
Hollywood, California 90028
U. S. ARMY PICTORIAL CENTER
35-11 35th Avenue
Long Island City, N. Y. 111000
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRI-
CULTURE
Motion Picture Service
Washington, D. C. 20250
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE
NAVY
Naval Photographic Center
Motion Picture Department
Anacostia, D. C. 20390
UNITED WORLD FILMS
221 Park Avenue South
New York, N. Y. 10003
USAEC STOCK FILM FOOTAGE PROGRAM
The U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, to encourage education and
information in the field of atomic energy, has made available for
motion picture and television producers 16mm color and 35mm or
16mm black-and-white stock film footage covering nearly all aspects
of this broad program.
xvii
Color stock footage in 16mm is available from the completed color
films made by the USAEC and its national laboratories and contractors.
Producers are invited to make footage counts on films borrowed from
the film libraries and then to contact the Audio- Visual Branch, as
noted below, for information on how to obtain duplicating material.
Producers are not permitted to clip films borrowed from the film
libraries.
More than 120,000 feet of unedited 35mm and 16mm black-and-
white stock film footage without sound track is also available. The
material covers unclassified aspects of nationwide USAEC and con-
tractor research and operations at 13 installations, including the
national laboratories.
It should be noted that these materials are NOT COMPLETED
MOTION PICTURES FOR GENERAL SHOWING AND ARE NOT FOR
LOAN.
The footage is being distributed at standard government cost rates
through a government depository. Subject matter lists and information
sheets are available.
The footage, although unedited, has been assembled in progression
to aid producers in making complete motion pictures, adding their own
film editing, narration, titles, etc. Detailed script notes are available
to qualified users of the footage in the educational motion picture field,
television, industrial and educational organizations, government agen-
cies, etc.
Requests to search and draw from the black-and-white footage, and
any other inquiries, should be addressed to the Audio- Visual Branch,
Division of Public Information, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission,
Washington, D. C. 20545.
xvi 11
DESCRIPTION OF PROFESSIONAL FILMS
(by Subject Category)
AERO-SPACE PROGRAMS:
ROVER
PROJECT ROVER (1963). 2l l / 2 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. For
sale by the Calvin Productions, at $58.33 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Kansas City. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
1962 progress report on the USAEC's Project Rover, a program for the
development of a nuclear rocket for spacecraft propulsion. An ani-
mated explanation of the principle of the nuclear rocket is given
demonstrating the advantages of the nuclear rocket system. A survey
of the work at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory follows, showing
work done in the design, fabrication, and testing of a Kiwi non-flying
test reactor. This includes: core configuration studies in a "Honey-
comb," the reactor design staff at work, the test facilities, the blending
of graphite and uranium for fuel, and construction of the reactor com-
ponents by contractors. Testing of the Kiwi at the Nuclear Rocket
Development Station in Nevada is shown.
SNAP (Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power)
ATOMIC WEATHERMAN: STRONTIUM-90 ISOTOPIC APPLICATIONS
See page 42
FABRICATION OF 5NAP-7D FUEL SOURCES (1964). 12 minutes,
color.
Produced by USAEC's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For sale
by Calvin Productions, at $33.28 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Kansas City, Mo. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
Semi technical film which describes the fabrication of strontium- 90
fuel capsules for the SNAP-7D generator which powers an unmanned
2 AERO-SPACE PROGRAMS
Navy Weather Station in the Gulf of Mexico. Purified strontium- 90
carbonate was processed at ORNL's Fission Products Development
Laboratory to strontium- 90 titanate, pressed into pellets and then
encapsulated. Most of the film is devoted to the pelletizing and en-
capsulating operations within the hot cells of the FPDL.
NUCLEAR POWER FOR SPACE SNAP ~9A (1963). 12 minutes,
color.
Produced by the Martin Company. For sale by Byron Motion
Pictures, at $37.26 per print, including shipping case. Available
for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
Semitechnical film for high-school- and college-level audiences. After
showing the launching of a new satellite, which is being wholly powered
by a nuclear generator, animation is used to explain the use of its
isotopic generator to create power to run electronic equipment,
recording equipment, and transmit data back to earth for analysis.
The advantages of the nuclear energy generator are shown over the
use of chemical energy and solar energy. The principles of power
generation by isotopic decay are explained, showing how thermo-
couples convert the decaying isotopes' heat directly to electricity.
A comparison of the isotopes plutonium-238 and curium-242, both used
in SNAP isotope power systems, is made. The film discusses the
design features of the SNAP-9A which are the result of 7 years of
research. Safety tests of the isotope capsule, including explosion
tests, fire tests, impact tests, and re-entry tests, are shown.
NUCLEAR REACTOR SPACE POWER SYSTEMS (A Geneva-1964
film). 8 minutes, color.
Produced by Atomics International. For sale by Byron Motion
Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or Russian, at $24.53 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. English
version available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and
field libraries. Cleared for television.
A technical film that summarizes the program to develop nuclear
reactor power supplies for large space vehicles. Fabrication and test-
ing of a 500-watt thermoelectric system, a 3, 000- watt turboelectric
system, and a reactor for a 3 5, 000- watt turboelectric system are
highlighted. Also featured is a 300-1,000-kwe turboelectric system.
The reliability, high power levels, long unattended operating life, and
safety characteristics of space nuclear power systems are reviewed.
These units are being developed for the USAEC by Atomics Interna-
tional and Pratt & Whitney.
NUCLEAR REACTORS FOR SPACE (1961). 17 minutes, color.
Produced by Atomics International for the USAEC. For sale by
AERO-SPACE PROGRAMS 3
Byron Motion Pictures, at $54.05 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries and Atomics Interna-
tional, P. O. Box 309, Canoga Park, Calif. Cleared for television.
The SNAP program is a USAEC program to develop long-lived auxiliary
power from nuclear energy for use in satellites and space vehicles.
Compact atomic reactors being developed by Atomics International for
use in SNAP systems are shown in this Semite conical film. Safety
characteristics of the SNAP reactor during fabrication, testing, trans-
port, installation, launching, and use in space are described. Detailed
sequences filmed at Atomics International on fabrication and testing
show the simplicity and compactness of the reactors. Safety features
are described in scenes that illustrate shipping, launch-site activities,
and launch of the reactor into space. The burnup and dispersal of the
reactor during reentry into the atmosphere are shown in a detailed
animation sequence. Many beneficial uses of SNAP in the U. S. national
space program are illustrated.
OUR NEAREST STAR (Isotopic Power System for the Transit Satellite)
(1961). 12 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by Martin Company, Nuclear Division.
For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $48.26 per print, includ-
ing shipping case. Available for loan (free) from USAEC head-
quarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
A SNAP isotopic-power system has been placed in orbit aboard the
Transit Four-A navigation satellite. This simple, powerful device is
the first application of nuclear power in space. The system, which
powers two of Transit's four navigation radio transmitters, is designed
to operate for five years or more. Against a background of the Transit
Program, this semitechnical film follows the development testing of
the radioisotope fuel capsule and the thermoelectric generator that
make up this SNAP system. The film shows the Thor- Able -Star gantry
at Cape Kennedy as the SNAP unit is mounted on Transit, and, when the
system is launched, the view is from the blockhouse and the launch pad.
PAX ATOMIS: SNAP- 7 TERRESTRIAL ISOTOPIC POWER SYSTE~MS
(1965) 25 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by the Martin Company, Baltimore.
For sale by Gerald Productions, at $90.64 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. New York City. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
A film useful to both high school and college groups summarizes the
parallel development of a family of fully shielded thermoelectric power
converters and chemical processing of the radioisotope strontium-90
fuel. Laboratory procedures are depicted for thermoelectric couple
AERO-SPACE PROGRAMS
assembly into a compact operating system capable of converting heat
energy into electrical current without the need for moving parts.
Compacting of strontium-90 raw material into ceramic titanate pellets
and encapsulation of the fuel pellets into high strength metal containers
is illustrated.
Installation of the SNAP-7 generator family to power unattended
weather stations in Antarctica and the Gulf of Mexico, navigational aids
to shipping in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, deep sea
acoustic research in the Atlantic Ocean is depicted by means of
film footage obtained during actual installation and implantment at the
operating sites. Fully shielded strontium-90 fueled, thermoelectric
generators have been placed into operational service at remote out-
posts from north of the Arctic Circle to the South Pole. Developed by
the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission under the SNAP (Systems for
Nuclear Auxiliary Power) program, they are now proving the feasibility
of reliable, unattended electrical power production from heat generated
by decay of radioiso topes.
The film concludes with a description of current development work
and predictions relating to the next generation of strontium-90 thermo-
electric power supplies for terrestrial uses.
RFD-2 (1965). 14 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by the Sandia Corporation. For sale by
Calvin Productions, Inc., at $40. 53 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Kansas City, Missouri. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. NOT cleared for
television.
This film outlines the design and test work performed by Sandia
Corporation in assessing the nuclear safety aspects of a SNAP- 19 type
isotopic generator designed to supply electrical power in certain
communications satellites. The film describes the flight of an inert
reactor aboard a Scout rocket to investigate the burnup and dis-
assembly of the dummy reactor upon re-entry. Shown are the instru-
mentation systems developed by Sandia to transmit to ground-based
receiving stations information on the burnup of the reactor and its fuel
rods.
The pre-flight test program conducted at Sandia, and shown in the
film, included ejection tests of fuel rod experiments, tests on the
flotation system designed to recover the test vehicle from the ocean,
radiant heat testing of the protective shell of the vehicle, and acoustic
noise tests to simulate rocket motor noise and vibration.
Some scenes at the tracking and data- re cor ding station on Bermuda
precede the film report of the launch and re-entry of the dummy
reactor. A brief analysis is made of data gained from the test program
to summarize the efforts being made to minimize the hazard of using
reactors and isotopic generators in space applications.
AERO SPACE PROGRAMS
SNAP-III OPERATIONAL TESTS (1960). 18 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by Martin Company, Nuclear Division.
For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $62.37 per print, in-
cluding shipping case. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This semitechnical film describes operational tests (vibration, shock,
acceleration, fire, explosion, land and sea impact, effects of salt
water, aerodynamic heating, etc.) on the 4-lb SNAP-III isotopic-power
unit, which uses 210 Po to generate more than 3 watts as a source of
auxiliary power for space vehicles. Conclusion: SNAP-III will operate
effectively on launch and in orbit.
SNAPSHOT (1965) 29 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by Atomics International. For sale by
General Film Laboratories, at $85.00 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Hollywood. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
Useful for both popular-level and technical audiences, this film,
introduced with a statement by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, Chairman of the
USAEC, describes the scheduled flight test in space of the 500-watt
SNAP-10A nuclear space power system. SNAP-10A will be mated to
the forward end of an Atlas-Agena booster system and launched from
Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Primary objective of the
SNAPSHOT flight, a cooperative effort of the U. S. Atomic Energy
Commission and the U. S. Air Force, is to obtain technical information
and demonstrate the utility of nuclear reactor power systems for
application in America's space programs. Atomics International is the
Atomic Energy Commission's prime contractor for SNAP-10A develop-
ment. Orbital startup and operation in space of the reactor and the
thermoelectric power converter is explained by animation. Highlighted
in this film is the extensive development and testing program which
has resulted in the flight- ready SNAP-lOA power system. A series of
qualification system tests, including a full-scale nuclear system ground
test in a simulated space environment, are reviewed and summarized.
This series of tests duplicated the environments the flight system will
endure through factory assembly, shipping, launch, and orbit operation.
The film explains the need for SNAP reactor power systems in current
and future space projects.
SNAPTRAN 2/10A WATER IMMERSION TEST .... See page 71
VELA
VELA PROGRAM: SATELLITE DETECTION SYSTEM (1964). 17V 2
minutes, color.
Produced by the Sandia Corporation for the Advanced Research
6 AGRICULTURE
Projects Agency of the Department of Defense and the USAEC.
For sale by Calvin Productions, at $47.83 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. NOT cleared for television.
This technical film explains the nature of the atmosphere surrounding
our planet and the problems involved in analyzing nuclear explosions
beyond the earth's atmosphere. Describing the basic circuits and
problems involved in developing a series of satellites for detecting
nuclear radiation, it further illustrates the manufacturing and testing
of the detection system and summarizes the future of the satellite
detection program.
AGRICULTURE
NON-ROOT FEEDING OF PLANTS (1958). 21 minutes, color.
Produced by Colmes-Werrenrath Productions, Chicago, for
Michigan State University and the USAEC. For sale by Con-
solidated Film Industries, at $67.07 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Los Angeles, Calif. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
The techniques of applying nutrients to the aboveground parts of plants
and the method of tracing the nutrients through the plant's system by
means of radioisotopes are shown in this film.
RADIOISOTOPES IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH (Radioisotopes
Series) See page 77
RADIOISOTOPES IN BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE (Understanding the
Atom Series) See page 82
BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
ACROMEGALY (Diagnosis -Etiology -Therapy) (1965). 23 minutes,
color.
Produced by Donner Laboratory and the USAEC 's Lawrence
Radiation Laboratory. For sale by W. A. Palmer Films, Inc., at
$88.48 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. San Francisco.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. NOT cleared for television.
This technical film for professional audiences describes the successful
application of heavy particle radiation, obtained from high energy
cyclotrons for treatment of the comparatively rare disease, acro-
megaly. Work at Donner Laboratory in Berkeley with the 184-inch
BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 7
synchrocyclotron for treatment of acromegalic patients is described.
Detailed procedures for preparing the patient and irradiating the
pituitary gland are shown. Symptoms, diagnosis, etiology, and medical
history and medical treatments also are discussed.
THE ATOMIC APOTHECARY (1954). 38 minutes, black and white.
Produced by Medical Film Guild, New York. Rental or purchase
from the producer: rental, $17.50; purchase, $295.00, no ship-
ping case included. Available for loan (free) only from USAEC
headquarters. Owing to the limited number of prints, it is
suggested that industrial organizations obtain the film from the
Medical Film Guild and that nonprofit and educational organiza-
tions and institutions obtain the film from the USAEC. Bookings
from the USAEC should be made in advance for brief periods.
NOT cleared for television without express permission of the
producer.
Film discusses radioisotope research in biology and medicine, includ-
ing research in radioactive dust, calcium absorption in animals, and
effects of radioiodine in their diet; use of astatine, effect on blood flow,
oxygen tension studies, radioactive iron in bone marrow, arterioscle-
rosis, and use of cysteine.
ATOMS FOR THE AMERICAS See page 13
CHROMOSOME LABELING BY TRITIUM (1958). 15 minutes, color.
Produced by the Jam Handy Organization, Detroit, for the
USAEC. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $53.83 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Avail-
able for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field librar-
ies. Cleared for television.
This film discusses the advantages of tritium over other radioisotopes
as labeling material in autoradiography.
COBALT- 60 RELOADING (1958). 8 minutes, color.
Produced by George Tressel Productions, Chicago, for the
USAEC. For sale from Byron Motion Pictures, at $28.37 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Avail-
able for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field li-
braries. Cleared for television.
Describes the unloading of a 60 Co capsule from the Materials Testing
Reactor at the National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho, monitoring
and packing for shipment, subsequent loading of the same capsule as
the radioactive source into a teletherapy machine at the Argonne
Cancer Research Hospital, Chicago.
BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
COUNTING WHOLE BODY RADIOACTIVITY (A Geneva- 1964 film).
11 minutes, color.
Produced by Donner Laboratory and the USAEC's Lawrence
Radiation Laboratory at the University of California. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $29.86 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
As sensitive instruments have been developed to measure lower and
lower levels of radioactivity within the human body, these instruments
have assumed a greater role in medical research and diagnosis. This
technical film shows the Donner Laboratory Whole Body Counter, and
outlines its program of use, with special reference to studies concerned
with the iron metabolism of red blood cells and with calcium turnover
in various diseases.
DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY WITH RADIATION (A Geneva- 1964 film).
32 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $91.04 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
The film describes radiation techniques of diagnosis and therapy which
have become standard medical tools in the United States. The use of
radioactive iodine for thyroid studies is routine, and many other
metabolic measurements are common. Development of techniques to
study kidney function and blood diseases have been particularly
effective. Some clinics are now equipped to prepare and measure
labeled gases and extremely short-lived isotopes. Diagnostic radiation
levels have been reduced to the same order of magnitude as X-ray
studied. By using appropriately labeled materials it is possible to
visualize many organs which are difficult or impossible to examine
with X-rays. This film describes current techniques of radiation
therapy through doses of radioactive chemicals, implanting techniques,
and the use of external beams.
HEAVY PARTICLE BEAMS IN MEDICINE (A Geneva- 1964 film).
11 minutes, color.
Produced by Donner Laboratory and the USAEC's Lawrence
Radiation Laboratory at the University of California. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $30.81 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 9
The technical film gives a brief historical development of the medical
uses of cyclotrons and shows the unique properties of accelerator-
produced heavy particles both in investigative studies and in radiation
therapy. Experience at the Donner Laboratory shows that this new tool
of nuclear medicine when used in pituitary irradiation provides
creditable results in the treatment of acromegaly, Gushing' s disease,
and the retardation of diabetic retinitis. In addition, the Bragg effect of
alpha particle radiation is of increasing importance in direct treatment
of tumors of the brain and soft tissue.
HUMAN RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS (1958). 9 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. For
sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $29.36 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Los
Alamos Scientific Laboratory, P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos,
New Mexico. Cleared for television.
This film shows a method developed at Los Alamos Scientific Labora-
tory to monitor personnel exposed to the possible intake of gamma-
emitting materials and to study the retention and excretion of radio-
active isotopes by the body. The liquid scintillation counter is large
enough to contain a man and sensitive enough to detect even the minute
amounts of his natural gamma radioactivity.
IODINE -131 (1958). 15 minutes, color.
Produced by the Jam Handy Organization, Detroit, for the
USAEC. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $55.56 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Avail-
able for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field librar-
ies. Cleared for television.
This film shows the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of the radioisotope
131 I for hyper thy roidism, thyroid cancer, and heart disease. The char-
acteristics, techniques, and results are discussed, as well as the
problems of standardization and calibration of scanning devices for
131 I, which is probably the most used isotope in the field of medicine.
IONIZING RADIATION IN HUMANS (1958). 15 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $50.30 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South C ass Ave., Argonne, 111. 60440. Cleared
for television.
This film shows the design and operation of Argonne National Labora-
tory's whole-body counter for determining identification, quantity, and
location of internally deposited radioelements. Various techniques in
10 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
accumulation of data, the tilting chair, one meter arc, and collimating
the crystal are also shown.
LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING (1958). 14 minutes, color.
Produced by the Jam Handy Organization, Detroit, for the
USAEC. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $50.95 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Avail-
able for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field librar-
ies. Cleared for television.
This film describes the use of a liquid scintillator for counting low-
energy beta emitters commonly used in biological and medical tracer
experiments. It also explains the advantages of the single- and double-
photo multiplier tube liquid scintillation counters over the solid-phase
and gas-phase counters, e.g., ease of sample preparation, high effi-
ciency, and excellent sensitivity. The film describes counting tech-
niques, how the counters work, and how a sample is prepared. Liquid
scintillation counting is an extremely useful technique, particularly
for weak beta emitters, such as 14 C and tritium, where the number
of samples to be counted places a premium on the ease of sample
preparation.
MEDICAL RESEARCH REACTOR (1958). 22 minutes, color.
Produced by Audio Productions, New York, for USAEC 's Brook-
haven National Laboratory. For sale from Byron Motion Pic-
tures, at $70.95 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC head-
quarters, field libraries, and Brookhaven National Laboratory,
Upton, Long Island v N. Y. Cleared for television.
Prepared primarily for those concerned with the design and utilization
of reactors for medical research, this film demonstrates the need for
such a reactor and defines the design criteria. The reactor and its
components are shown during construction and assembly. Operation of
the reactor and shutters controlling its neutron beams are shown by
animation. There is also a neutron- capture therapy experiment se-
quence at the Brookhaven graphite reactor which can be compared with
the patient treatment facility at the new medical reactor.
MODIFICATION OF RADIATION INJURY IN MICE (1958). 10 minutes,
color.
Produced by the Jam Handy Organization, Detroit, for the
USAEC. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $36.33 per print,
including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for
loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
This film shows the effects on mice of chemical protection by mer-
captoethylguanidine (MEG) before irradiation and bone-marrow trans-
BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 11
plant after exposure to lethal doses of 900 r, as well as possible
implications regarding treatment of some human diseases. The irra-
diation that kills 50 per cent of mice in 30 days can be doubled with
MEG protection and nearly doubled with bone-marrow treatment.
With chemical protection followed by bone-marrow treatment, the dose
of irradiation that it takes to kill 50 per cent of mice in 30 days can
nearly be tripled. MEG reduced the effect of a lethal dose of 900- r
X irradiation on the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and body weight by
about a factor of 2. MEG is not effective when given after irradiation.
Bone -mar row injection was primarily responsible for replacing the
destroyed bone marrow. It is not effective when given before irradia-
tion. In combined treatment, the animal received the advantages of
both types of therapy and survived much greater exposure.
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY (Radioisotopes
Series) See page 75
RADIATION PROTECTION IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE (1962). 45 min-
utes, color.
Produced by Fordel Films, New York, for the Bureau of Medi-
cine and Surgery of the U. S. Navy. Sale inquiries should be
directed to the Naval Photographic Center. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries, and from
the Medical Film Section, Audio- Visual Division, Naval Medical
School, Bethesda, Md. 20545. Naval personnel can borrow the
film from appropriate naval film libraries. Cleared for tele-
vision.
This semitechnical film demonstrates the procedures devised for naval
hospitals to protect against the gamma radiation emitted from mate-
rials used in radiation therapy. However, its principles are applicable
in all hospitals. The practices demonstrated are based on three prin-
ciples established at the outset. The film explains the nature of gamma
radiation relative to how time, distance, and shielding are used to
provide protection from its harmful effects. Time is considered in
two ways: (1) the half life of the radioactive materials used and (2) the
speed in handling them. The film shows the continuous application of
these principles from the moment radioactive materials are received
at a hospital, through their storage, their preparation for use, their
therapeutic administration, the nursing care of radioactive patients,
and the disposal of radioactive human waste. The film details the
special techniques and equipment used in the handling of radium and
radioactive gold, iodine, and iridium as representing the variety of
such materials that hospital personnel encounter and the consequent
variations in time, distance, and shielding employed as protection
against them. The use of monitoring devices and the maintenance of
records of their readings form a recurrent theme throughout the film.
12 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
It makes the dual point that radiological- safety records are used (1) to
provide immediate protection for hospital personnel and (2) as a basis
on which the staff can reevaluate and improve techniques, always with
the purpose of keeping the exposure of each person below the estab-
lished maximum permissible levels.
RADIOISOTOPE APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE (Understanding the
Atom Series) See page 81
THE RADIOISOTOPE IN GENERAL SCIENCES (Radioisotopes Series)
See page 76
THE RADIOISOTOPE: METHODOLOGY (Radioisotopes Series) . . .
See page 77
RADIOISOTOPES IN BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE (Understanding the
Atom Series) See page 82
RADIOISOTOPES: THEIR APPLICATION TO HUMANS (1954). 32 min-
utes, color.
Produced by Medical Film Guild, New York. Rental or purchase
from the producer: rental, $17.50; purchase, $335.00, no ship-
ping case included. Available for loan (free) only from USAEC
headquarters. Owing to the limited number of prints, it is
suggested that industrial organizations obtain the film from the
Medical Film Guild and that nonprofit and educational organiza-
tions and institutions obtain the film from the USAEC. Bookings
from USAEC should be made in advance for brief periods. NOT
cleared for television without the express permission of the
producer.
This film is a comprehensive review of the uses of radioisotopes in
human applications as tracer studies and for therapeutic use. Uses of
radioactive iodine, sodium, iron, calcium, lanthanum, strontium, cobalt,
phosphorus, gold, and the neutron- capture therapy involving boron for
treatment of brain tumors are also discussed.
RADIQPHARMACEUTICALS: FROM REACTOR TO PHYSICIAN (1958).
20 minutes, color.
Produced by the Jam Handy Organization, Detroit, for Abbott
Laboratories. For sale information, contact Abbott Labora-
tories. Available on loan (free) from Department of Radio-
Pharmaceuticals, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, 111.
60064. NOT cleared for television without the express per-
mission of Abbott Laboratories.
This film illustrates the purification and processing of radioisotopes to
render them suitable for use by the physician. Emphasis is placed upon
EDUCATION 13
the production of various radiopharmaceuticals in encapsulated form,
together with methods used for their assay and standardization. A
clinical section deals with the newest methods of thyroid uptakes, new
iodine therapy, and the use of Racobalamin (R) (radiocyanocobalamin)
and Raolein (radioiodinated triolein) for the diagnosis of pernicious
anemia and faulty fat absorption, respectively.
THE SCINTILLATION CAMERA (A Geneva- 1964 film). 10 minutes,
color.
Produced by Dormer Laboratory and the USAEC 's Lawrence
Radiation Laboratory at the University of California. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $29.35 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
In order to visualize the location of gamma- emitting isotopes within
the human body for medical diagnostic purposes, the scintillation
camera was developed at the Donner Laboratory. Using animation, this
technical film describes this equipment and explains the application of
the method for studying thyroid and kidney function disorders. It also
describes a modified apparatus for use with positron-emitting isotopes
which has been developed and finds a particular advantage in diagnosis
of brain tumors.
TELETHERAPY AND BRACHYTHERAPY (1958). 18 minutes, color.
Produced by the Jam Handy Organization, Detroit, for the
USAEC. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $66.98 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Avail-
able for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field li-
braries. Cleared for television.
This film shows the diagnostic and therapeutic usesiDf such radioiso-
topes as 60 Co, 137 Cs, 152 ~ 154 Eu, 131 I, and 90 Y in teletherapy and brachy-
therapy by using machines that aim a high- energy beam at a tumor or
by using implants of radioactive materials in the form of needles,
beads, sterile tubing, seeds, etc.
EDUCATION
ATOMS FOR THE AMERICAS (1963). 28 minutes, color.
Produced for USAEC's Oak Ridge Operations Office by Orleans
Film Productions, Knoxville. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures,
at $76.66 per print, including shipping case. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared
for television.
14 EDUCATION
This semitechnical film offers an extensive tour of the facilities of the
Puerto Rico Nuclear Center (operated for the USAEC by the University
of Puerto Rico) and a study of the Center's curricula and research
programs. The Center was conceived primarily to aid the Latin Ameri-
can nations in developing skills essential to nuclear energy activity,
by providing graduate- and postgraduate -lev el education and research
opportunities. At the Center's Bio-Medical building, work is shown
involving radioisotopes and their clinical applications, and other nu-
clear work related to biology, chemistry, and medicine is reviewed.
Study and research in nuclear engineering and technology, health
physics, agriculture, and marine biology are shown at the Center's re-
actor and laboratories located on the campus of the University of
Puerto Rico's College of Agriculture and Engineering, and aboard the
Center's oceanographic ship.
INTRODUCTION TO ANALOG COMPUTERS (1963). 2 hours, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $344.36 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
only from USAEC headquarters in Washington and from Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. (es-
pecially for loans west of Chicago). Cleared for television.
This two-hour, three-part technical lecture-film (approximately 40
minutes per part) by Dr. L. C. Just of Argonne's Applied Mathematics
Division includes: (1) components of electronic analog computers,
(2) familiarization with a typical analog computer, (3) programming
for analog computers, and (4) solution of typical problems.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICES OF THE AEC (1961). 20 min-
utes, color.
Produced by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Motion Pic-
ture Service, under supervision of the USAEC's Division of
Technical Information. For sale by the producer, at $92.00 per
print, including shipping case. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film, presented in nontechnical language, surveys what is avail-
able in the unclassified atomic energy literature and discusses how the
information can be located, obtained, and used. The film, which de-
scribes in detail the services of the USAEC's Division of Technical
Information, holds special interest for librarians, engineering and
scientific groups, research and development organizations, and
teachers and students at the senior high-school level and above. The
film gives a brief look at the forms in which atomic energy information
becomes available: research and development reports, technical prog-
ress reviews, bibliographies, technical books, translations, papers
presented at professional meetings, engineering materials, other spe-
ENGINEERING 15
cial publications, and films. It reviews in some detail Nuclear Science
Abstracts, the only unclassified journal devoted solely to announcing
and abstracting atomic energy scientific and technical literature
published throughout the world. The viewer learns also of the various
bibliographies that are prepared on specialized subjects and of special
literature searches that are provided by the USAEC at a nominal rate.
The film details the wealth of information available at 84 domestic and
83 foreign USAEC depository libraries located throughout the world.
The availability on microcards of all technical information offered by
the USAEC, including that published in more than 30,000 USAEC re-
search and development reports, is explained. Also described is the
USAEC's sponsorship of a technical book-writing program, the ex-
change of technical information with other nations, an active program
for translating foreign monographs, publication of quarterly Technical
Progress Reviews for the use of industry, the reproduction of engi-
neering drawings and related information, and the production and
distribution of motion pictures on atomic energy which are designed
to serve either professional or general audiences.
ENGINEERING
ACCEL: AUTOMATED CIRCUIT CARD ETCHING LAYOUT (1965).
20 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by Sandia Corporation. For sale by
Filmservice Laboratories, Inc., at $60.23 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Hollywood. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
ACCEL is a computer program which designs printed circuit boards
and produces the drawings for their construction with the input encoded
from an engineer's schematic diagram by a clerk without knowledge of
electronics. The outputs of the program are a schematic, parts list,
printed circuit negative, assembly drawing, and a hole drilling list.
ACCEL is written in Fortran II for the IBM 7090 computer and the
drawings are produced on the Stromberg Carlson 4020 cathode ray tube
plotter.
The film describes the operational aspects of the system, as well as
the unusual algorithms used to accomplish the design feat.
Two items of major significance are: (1) the "force placement"
algorithm for determining component location; and, (2) the modification
of Lee's algorithm used for finding the routing paths.
CLEAN AIR IS A BREEZE (Airborne Contamination Control Through
Laminar Air Flow) (1965). 16 minutes, color.
Produced by the Sandia Corporation for the USAEC. For sale by
Calvin Productions, Kansas City, Mo., at $43.52 per print,
16 ENGINEERING
including shipping case, F.O.B. Kansas City, Mo. Available for
loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
Common sources of airborne contamination are illustrated to show that
our world is contaminated by a variety of airborne particles. The
difficulties of manufacturing precision devices in such a "dirty" world
are shown. The tiny sizes of particles which cause problems in deli-
cate assembly work and critical industrial processes are illustrated
through animated photography. Earlier attempts to clean air for
industrial processes by means of clean rooms are shown. The reasons
for less than complete success with standard clean rooms are ex-
plained through animation, and the theory and basic operating prin-
ciples of laminar airflow systems are shown. The variety of laminar
airflow devices (various clean rooms and clean benches) now available
is shown. Application of such devices to industrial processes, research
and development problems, and to the field of medical care and medi-
cal research is illustrated. A short recapitulation points out that
laminar flow devices make possible the clean work which must con-
tinue in spite of the contamination present in the world.
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING AT SANDIA (1964). 28 minutes, color.
Produced by the Sandia Corporation for the USAEC. For sale by
Calvin Productions, Kansas City, Mo., at $73.07 per print,
including shipping case, F.O.B. Kansas City, Mo. Available for
loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
Discussing the environments, both natural and induced, which weapon
components and systems may experience between manufacture and use,
this technical film shows how environmental testing is used to ensure
reliability. A series of test sequences enables the audience to see
some of the facilities at USAEC's Sandia Laboratory: giant centrifuge,
electrodynamic shaker, rocket sled, air gun, climatic chamber, etc.
which are used to produce varying environments. The film will be of
interest to military and civilian engineers, as well as scientists and
technicians associated with the weapons program. It will also be of
interest to general nontechnical audiences of high school level and
above.
FUNDAMENTALS OF MECHANICAL VIBRATION (1964). 29 minutes,
color.
Produced by the Sandia Corporation for the USAEC. For sale by
Calvin Productions, Kansas City, Mo., at $76.39 per print,
including shipping case, F.O.B. Kansas City, Mo. Available for
loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
This technical film for engineers and engineering students discusses
FUELS. PROCESSING, AND METALLURGY 17
the simple systems of mechanical vibration, including spring mass,
viscous coulomb, and solid damped systems. The various types of
damping are illustrated by live demonstrations and animation. In
addition, animated mathematical examples by Fourier are used to
illustrate irregular forcing functions and their effects on engineering
structures. The mathematical approach to solving composite dis-
placement vibration problems is also discussed.
FUELS, PROCESSING, AND METALLURGY
ADVENTURES IK METALLURGY (1957). 22 minutes, color.
Produced by the Hanford Atomic Products Operation, General
Electric Company, as contractor for the USAEC at Hanford
Works, Richland, Washington. For sale by Byron Motion Pic-
tures, at $71.89 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC head-
quarters, field libraries, and Hanford Atomic Products Opera-
tion, Richland, Wash. Cleared for television. [NOTE: This
film is slightly longer but similar to the 17-minute film,
"Microdeformation of Uranium," which is also available for
loan, see page 21.]
This technical film, primarily of interest to metallurgists, is a study
of the room-temperature deformation and fracture in uranium as seen
in the optical microscope. Strain energy accelerates the formation
of uranium oxide film on the specimen's surface. As a result, the
microstructure is revealed by interference colors that facilitate
interpretation.
CERAMIC FUEL FABRICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR PRTR (1962).
26V 2 minutes, color.
Produced by the Hanford Atomic Products Operation, General
Electric Company, as contractor for the USAEC at the Hanford
Works, Richland, Washington. For sale by W. A. Palmer Films,
at $144.12 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. San
Francisco. Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters
and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film gives a detailed technical explanation of three processes
developed by Hanford laboratories for the fabrication of UO 2 fuel
elements used in the Plutonium Recycle Test Reactor (PRTR). A brief
summary of the purpose and history of the PRTR introduces studies of
cold swaging, hot swaging, and vibrational compaction. Four significant
phases of the fabrication processes are detailed in live and animated
sequences: (1) ultrasonic testing of cladding tubes; (2) swaging to
increase the bulk density of contained UO2 powder; (3) magnetic-force
resistance butt welding of fuel- rod end caps; and (4) final inspection
18 FUELS, PROCESSING, AND METALLURGY
steps, including the measurement of fuel density by gamma- ray
attenuation. Vibrational compaction is shown to be particularly adapted
to loading fuel into large fuel-element components and into pre-
assembled multicomponent fuel elements. Hot swaging of induction
heated rods containing powdered UO 2 is also illustrated.
CURRENT METHODS IN PLUTONIUM FUEL FABRICATION (1965).
30 minutes, color.
Produced by the Hanford Atomic Products Operation, General
Electric Company, as contractor for the USAEC. For sale by
W. A. Palmer Films, at $140.46 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. San Francisco. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film depicts the steps currently (December 1964) employed in the
fabrication of plutonium- uranium ceramic fuel elements for the PRTR
and EBWR at Hanford' s Plutonium Fabrication Pilot Plant. Presented
are the various types of elements fabricated, the methods for the
routine handling of plutonium and plutonium compounds, the prepara-
tion of plutonium dioxide from the metal, and its mixture with uranium
dioxide. The necessity for densifying the powdered fuel is explained,
and the steps involved in achieving high density particles by pneumatic
impaction are illustrated in detail. Processes shown include pressing
of the dense fuel from the impaction container, pulverizing, sieving
into different size fractions, and blending into appropriate proportions
for fuel rod fabrication either by vibrational compaction or swaging.
Swaging, a process for simultaneously compacting and cladding
ceramic fuels to form high density fuel rods, is fully illustrated, both
in live and animated sequences. A newer process, vibrational com-
paction, accomplishes similar results. The process is depicted in a
live sequence which illustrates its rapidity, simplicity, and flexibility.
Decontamination of loaded fuel rods and welding of the final end caps
are followed by several unconventional testing techniques before as-
sembly of the rods into the nineteen-rod nuclear fuel element cluster.
The processes and equipment that are shown for the fabrication of
plutonium -uranium oxide fuel elements are expected to find major
application in the commercial fabrication of plutonium bearing fuel
elements for central station power reactors, space reactors, and other
special purposes in which plutonium fuels can be used to advantage.
EBR-I CORE DISASSEMBLY AFTER MELTDOWN (1958). 13 min-
utes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale by
Byron Motion Pictures, at $42.31 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne National
FUELS. PROCESSING, AND METALLURGY 19
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared for
television.
This film presents some major aspects of the removal and subsequent
disassembly of the core of Experimental Breeder Reactor-I, Mark II,
following meltdown. It illustrates the hot- laboratory remote-control
techniques used to separate and recover enriched fuel from the blanket
material.
EBR-II FUEL CYCLE DEVELOPMENT (1958). 9 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale by
Byron Motion Pictures, at $34.41 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared for
television.
This film presents some major aspects of the development, in prog-
ress of a completely integrated fuel cycle for Experimental Breeder
Reactor-II and includes the remote handling, reprocessing, refabrica-
tion, and reassembly of an EBR-II fuel element.
EBR-II FUEL FACILITY (A Geneva- 1964 film). 13 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $40.98 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
The technical film shows how, in this facility, coupled to the Experi-
mental Breeder Reactor-II, highly radioactive fuel from the reactor
is disassembled, reprocessed, and fabricated, without prior time-
consuming radioactive cooling periods. How all facets of the system
are designed for remote operation, repair and modification of equip-
ment is also shown.
FABRICATION OF PLUTONIUM DISKS (1958). 13 minutes, black and
white.
Produced by USAEC's Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. For
sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $14.91 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Los
Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico. Cleared
for television.
This is a companion film to "Plutonium Metal Preparation" (see
page 23). The film describes glove box work used at Los Alamos Scien-
tific Laboratory (LASL) in shaping toxic material for criticality studies
in reactor development. Disks are 6 in. in diameter and V 8 in. thick.
20 FUELS, PROCESSING, AND METALLURGY
Two methods of fabrication are shown: (1) blanking the disks from
sheet stock made by tube extrusion and (2) shaping disks by standard
machining techniques. Because of the pyrophoric nature of plutonium, a
great deal of the work is done in an inert atmosphere. The ever-present
problems of personnel exposure and area contamination are met with a
system of operation that has been developed over 16 years.
FABRICATION OF RESEARCH REACTOR FUEL ELEMENTS (1958).
20 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $73.61 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Cleared for television.
This technical film describes the alloy and powder metallurgy methods
of fabricating research reactor fuel elements.
FABRICATION OF THE ACCELERATOR STRUCTURE
See page 33
FUEL FABRICATION FACILITY (1959). 9 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale by
Byron Motion Pictures, at $26.72 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. 60440. Cleared
for television.
This technical film describes Argonne National Laboratory's fabrica-
tion process developments laboratory for the manufacture of unique
fuel elements and test pieces containing the highly radioactive and
chemically toxic element plutonium. The film shows many special
features that are incorporated to ensure the protection of operating
personnel and to permit flexibility in the type application of the
fabricating procedures.
ISOTOPES (1959). 20 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Anima-
tion sequences by Wilding Productions, Chicago. For sale by
Capital Film Laboratories, at $76.85 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Cleared for
television.
This film describes the production of stable isotopes and radioisotopes
and the separation of fission products. The first part of the film ex-
plains, in layman's language, radioactivity, half life, and the three
FUELS, PROCESSING, AND METALLURGY 21
methods of producing radioisotopes. Live photography and animation
tell the story of radioisotopes production at the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory (ORNL). The remainder of the film explains in semitechni-
cal language, the large-scale separation of long-life fission products
at ORNL's pilot plant. Animation illustrates in detail the separation of
fission products from wastes derived during the processing of spent
reactor fuels.
METALS FRONTIER (1961). 22 minutes, color.
Produced by Iowa State University Film Production for the Iowa
State University Institute for Atomic Research and the Ames
Laboratory of the USAEC. For sale by Iowa State University, at
$75.48 per print, including shipping case. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries and the
Visual Instruction Service, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
50010. Cleared for television.
This semitechnical documentary film, a story of teamwork in research,
is designed for an audience with an appreciable degree of scientific
sophistication, primarily seniors and graduate students in the physical
sciences and engineering. Highlights in tne operations of the Ames
Laboratory, a major installation of the U. S. Atomic Energy Com-
mission, are shown by illustrating the steps in the development of the
process for production of yttrium metal. The film also gives insight
into the facilities and the pioneering tradition of Ames Laboratory in
the investigation of the rare earths. The film is panoramic in style,
showing how basic research, development, and production go along
together. Steps in metal processing are shown as follows: separation
of yttrium from rare earths, conversion to fluoride, reduction, and arc
melting. Special emphasis is given to purity and to the need for careful
analytical control. The film also shows how the graduate student fits
into the laboratory's research program.
MICRODEFORMATION OF URANIUM (1958). 17 minutes, color.
Produced by the Hanford Atomic Products Operation, General
Electric Company, as contractor for the USAEC at the Hanford
Works, Richland, Washington. For sale from Byron Motion
Pictures, at $60.93 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC head-
quarters, field libraries, and Hanford Atomic Products Opera-
tion at Richland, Washington 99352. Cleared for television.
[NOTE: This film is similar to the 22 -minute film, "Adventures
in Metallurgy," also available on loan from the USAEC but con-
tains slightly more technical information.]
This technical film, primarily of interest to metallurgists, pictures the
changes in the microstructure of uranium as a consequence of tensile
loading and thermal treatments studies accomplished by means of
22 FUELS, PROCESSING, AND METALLURGY
hot stage metallography. Formation of twin and kink bands , distortion
at grain boundaries, fracturing, recrystallization, deformation due to
thermal gradients, as well as microstructural changes associated with
thermal cycling through the alpha-to-beta and the beta-to-gamma
transformations, are disclosed. The commentary discusses the micro-
structural changes as seen in the microscope.
NOVEL METHODS OF FUEL FABRICATION (1958). 13V 2 minutes,
color.
Produced by the Hanford Atomic Products Operation, General
Electric Company, as contractor for the USAEC at the Hanford
Works, Richland, Washington. For sale by Byron Motion Pic-
tures, at $49.61 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC head-
quarters, field libraries, and Hanford Atomic Products Opera-
tion, Richland, Washington 99352. Cleared for television.
The first novel method covered is cold closure, a process for the
cladding of solid uranium fuel in aluminum by sizing on a heavy-walled
cup, then cold welding. Electron-beam welding, a process utilizing
electrons accelerated through a vacuum, is illustrated, and its applica-
tion to welding of many reactive metals is described. Also covered is
swaging, a process that has proved to be satisfactory in fabricating
clad uranium oxide fuel elements by direct compaction of loose powder.
PLUTONIUM FUEL FABRICATION, EBR-I, MARK IV (1961). 10
minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC 's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $30.15 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne Na-
tional Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared
for television.
Fabrication of plutonium fuel and test pieces is complicated by con-
sideration of criticality, pyrophoricity, and radioactive toxicity. This
film describes the techniques and precautions observed in manufactur-
ing fuel for the Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I), Mark IV.
Throughout the production line, plutonium is exposed only in the
filtered, recirculating helium atmosphere under a slightly negative
pressure. Standard criticality features are observed. Entrance or exit
from the line is accomplished through multiple air locks and sealed
bags. Although the EBR-I Mark-IV fuel is experimental in nature, the
handling techniques and precautions are generally applicable to pluto-
nium fabrication.
PLUTONIUM FUEL FABRICATION FOR MTR (1958). 11 minutes,
color.
FUELS. PROCESSING, AND METALLURGY 23
Produced by the Hanford Atomic Products Operation, General
Electric Company, as contractor for the USAEC at the Hanford
Works, Richland, Washington. For sale by Byron Motion Pic-
tures, at $37.87 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC head-
quarters, field libraries, and Hanford Atomic Products Opera-
tion at Richland, Washington 99352. Cleared for television.
The Materials Testing Reactor (MTR) at USAEC's National Reactor
Testing Station, Idaho, has been operated utilizing plutonium as the
entire fissionable fuel charge. This technical film details the fabrica-
tion of this charge in the plutonium metallurgy laboratories of USAEC's
Hanford Works, Richland, Washington. Aluminum- 15 wt.% plutonium
alloy was cast, hot forged, and roll- clad with aluminum for assembly
into 18 plate fuel elements. These elements were used successfully at
a power of 30 Mw(t) in the MTR to demonstrate for the first time the
operation of a thermal reactor fueled with plutonium.
PLUTONIUM METAL PREPARATION (1958). 12 minutes, black and
white.
Produced by USAEC's Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. For
sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $12.21 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Los Alamos
Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87115. Cleared
for television.
This technical film shows the process and equipment designed and
used at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in converting plutonium
from a nitrate solution to elemental metal. Because of serious health
hazards, plutonium is processed in airtight compartments, with equip-
ment operated entirely by remote control. The isolated plutonium is
used for metallurgical and pyrometallurgical research, for fuel alloy
development, and for reactor and critical assembly elements.
PLUTONIUM RECYCLE (A Geneva- 1964 film). 17 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $50.91 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film explains that the nuclear- economic advantages of
plutonium depend upon the performance of multiple recycle. Various
aspects of the development for both thermal and fast reactors are
presented, with particular emphasis on the fuel element technology,
reactor use, and chemical reprocessing associated with mixed oxides
of plutonium and uranium in thermal reactors.
24 FUELS, PROCESSING, AND METALLURGY
PRODUCTION OF URANIUM FEED MATERIALS (1959). 28 minutes,
color.
Produced by Continental Productions Corp., Chattanooga, for the
Oak Ridge Operations Office of the USAEC. For sale by Capital
Film Laboratories, at $87.31 per print, including shipping case,
F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This semitechnical film describes the step-by-step processing of
uranium from ore concentrates to metal reduction and fabrication
in the feed materials plants of the USAEC at Fernald, Ohio, and Weldon
Spring, Missouri.
REACTOR FUEL PROCESSING (1958). 20 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $62.71 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831. Cleared for
television.
Describing radiochemical processing of irradiated reactor fuels, this
film covers steps in chemical- separation and waste-disposal operations
at pilot-plant facilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Tenn.); pro-
duction facilities at the National Reactor Testing Station (Idaho);
Hanford Works (Richland, Wash.); and Savannah River Plant (Aiken,
S. C.); and process research activities at Argonne National Laboratory
(Illinois) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
A STUDY OF GRAIN GROWTH IN BeO USING A NEW TRANSMITTED
LIGHT HOT STAGE (1965). 16V 2 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by Atomics International. For sale by
Hollywood Film Enterprises, Inc., at $42.00 per print, includ-
ing shipping case, F.O.B. Hollywood. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
This film report (based on ceramics technology research conducted
for the Fuels and Technology Branch, Division of Reactor Development
and Technology, USAEC) depicts the design and operation of a new hot
stage used with a polarizing microscope and transmitted light. Time-
lapse color cinematography makes possible the observation of time-
dependent reactions and structural changes in transparent crystalline
materials at temperatures as high as 2000 C. Sequences are shown of
studies of thin sections of beryllium oxide ceramics at about 1700 C in
vacuum. Movement of pores and grain boundaries, grain growth, and
surface evaporation effects were seen. The film describes the physical
basis for some of the observations, and the determination of quantita-
tive grain- growth kinetics from the photographic records.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 25
TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAM (1965). 7 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. For
sale by W. A. Palmer Films, Inc., at $36.94 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. San Francisco. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
This technical film, primarily of interest to metallurgists, depicts the
development of a new and rapid technique for preparation of ternary
phase diagrams required in the search for useful alloys. Since there
are more than 4,000 combinations of three-element alloys which can
be made from common metals alone, a comprehensive collection of
such diagrams is needed. The technique shown for determining ternary
phase alloy diagrams makes it possible to circumvent a previously
tedious, time consuming, and costly research procedure.
THORIUM- 233 U UTILIZATION (A Geneva- 1964 film). 13 minutes,
color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $39.16 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film discusses thorium-232 as fertile material, currently
in use in three commercial power reactors, and the commercial
fabrication of ceramic uraniathoria. Also shown are other fuel and
reactor concepts being developed, such as the molten salt experiment,
and the preparation of the first uranium-233 enriched thorium fuel by
the Sol-Gel process.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
GAUGING THICKNESS WITH RADIOISOTOPES (1958). 4% minutes,
black and white.
Produced by George Tressel Productions, Chicago, for the
USAEC. For sale from Byron Motion Pictures, at $5.47 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Avail-
able on loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field li-
braries. Cleared for television.
This brief film explains how beta gauges are used for precise mea-
surement and control of feedback apparatus in steel, plastics, rubber,
and paper manufacturing.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF RADIOISOTOPES (1961). 57 min-
utes, color.
26 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Produced for the USAEC by the U. S. Army Pictorial Center.
For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $160.33 per print, with
shipping case. Price to Federal Government agencies is $138.22,
if ordered from the Army Pictorial Center. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared
for television.
This semitechnical film surveys the current widespread uses of
radioisotopes throughout American industry. Three major areas of use
are described: nuclear gauging (thickness, density, and level), radiog-
raphy, and tracing with various examples of each filmed at 26 sites
nationwide, including the rubber industry, thin strip metal production,
plastics, paper mills, nylons, food canning, cement, submarine con-
struction, oil industry, automobiles, etc. Covered briefly are lumines-
cence, static elimination, isotopic power, and uses of high- intensity
radiation. Basic principles are explained by animation, followed by
examples of in-plant uses. Benefits to the consumer and manufacturer
are highlighted. The excellent safety record is noted. The film, al-
though of interest to a wide audience, is designed to acquaint industrial
management with the versatility, economy, and ease with which radio-
isotope techniques can be adapted to plant requirements.
NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS See page 37
THE NUCLEAR WITNESS ACTIVATION ANALYSIS IN CRIME IN-
VESTIGATION (1965). 28 minutes, color.
Produced by the General Atomic Division of General Dynamics
Corporation and McNamara Productions, Gateway West, Century
City, Los Angeles, California, for the USAEC 's Division of
Isotope Development. For sale by McNamara Productions.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
Among the large number of important applications of the activation
analysis method, in many fields of science, industry, and medicine, one
of the newest and most promising applications is in the field of scien-
tific crime investigation (criminalistics, or forensic studies). During
the past few years, research studies have demonstrated numerous
intriguing and highly valuable applications of the method to the analysis
of forensic samples, i.e., physical evidence samples involved in crimi-
nal cases. Neutron activation analysis a highly sensitive and powerful
analytical technique is a method of analyzing samples for various
elements by bombarding them with neutrons, to make some of the
elements radioactive, and then identifying and measuring the induced
radioactivities to complete the quantitative analysis.
Because of the tremendous sensitivity of high-flux (nuclear reactor)
neutron activation analysis, samples far too small to be analyzed by
PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES (PLOWSHARE) 27
the methods currently available in the usual crime laboratory (even
microscopic samples) can often be successfully analyzed and char-
acterizing bare trace concentrations (parts per million, parts per
billion, and even lower) can be accurately determined. For some 75
elements, limits of detection range from as low as 10~ 7 micrograms up
to about 5 micrograms. Often, the method can be employed nonde-
structively.
The film describes in a fascinating but authentic manner a number of
studies, based on actual criminal cases (murder, burglary, narcotics
peddling) involving the analysis of such evidence materials as gun-
shot residues, hair, paint, and marijuana. One case is followed from
crime scene all the way through the trial in court; the other cases
through the laboratory investigation.
PLOWSHARE See page 28
RADIOISOTOPE APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY (Understanding the
Atom Series) See page 81
RADIOISOTOPES: SAFE SERVANTS OF INDUSTRY (1963). 28 min-
utes, color.
Produced by Molesworth Associates for the USAEC's Division
of Isotope Development. For sale by Orleans Film Productions,
Knoxville, at $88.80 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Knoxville, Tenn. Available for loan (free) from USAEC head-
quarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
With emphasis on safety, this film surveys the widespread uses of
radioisotopes in industry. Animated explanations of the principles
involved in radioisotope gauging instruments, tracing, and radiography
are given. Applications of these principles are shown in various
processes in the food industry, automotive research, road construc-
tion, heavy industry, oil refining and shipping, and system trouble-
shooting.
PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR
EXPLOSIVES (Plowshare)
CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES (A Geneva-
1964 film). 13 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the
University of California. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, in
English, French, Spanish, or Russian, at $36.53 per print, in-
cluding shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. English version
28 PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES (PLOWSHARE)
available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film outlines the progress made in developing scientific
and industrial applications for nuclear explosives. Studies of 42 nu-
clear explosions in a variety of media and at varying depths of burial
have led to 2 general modes of application which are analyzed in some
detail in the film.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES (1958).
11 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC' s Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the
University of California. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at
$34.54 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington,
D. C. Available on loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and
field libraries. Cleared for television.
This semitechnical film presents potential industrial applications of
nuclear explosives that require amounts of packaged energy heretofore
unavailable and suggests that nuclear explosives can be used as safely
as chemical explosives, and with greater effect and at less cost. Appli-
cations illustrated include harbor development, economical recovery of
low-grade ore bodies, release of petroleum from oil shale, under-
ground production of steam for generation of power, and development
of large underground reservoirs in arid areas.
PLOWSHARE (1965). 28 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC' s San Francisco Operations Office. For
sale by W. A. Palmer Films, at $167.46 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. San Francisco. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
By using motion pictures and animation to describe the Commission's
program for the safe use of nuclear explosives for civilian applica-
tions, this film introduces the Plowshare Program, presents the status
of its development, and illustrates its ultimate research and develop-
ment. The film explains the various potential uses of this enormous
force of energy to perform tasks for the benefit of mankind, and
explores the scope and range of the possible applications of nuclear
explosives for mining and petroleum applications, for performing
massive earth-moving and excavation projects, and, for utilization in
scientific investigations. Safety problems are briefly discussed. The
main theme of the film is that the United States, through its Plowshare
Program, is offering all nations the potential of harnessing the energy
of nuclear explosions for accomplishing peaceful tasks that would
otherwise be impossible or impractical.
PROJECT DUGOUT (1964). 8% minutes, color.
PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES (PLOWSHARE) 29
Produced by the USAEC's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the
University of California. For sale by W. A. Palmer Films, at
$53.52 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. San Francisco.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters, field li-
braries, and from the Graphic Arts Department, Lawrence
Radiation Laboratory, P. O. Box 808, Livermore, Calif. Cleared
for television.
This semitechnical film reports on Project Dugout, a chemical high
explosive experiment conducted June 24, 1964, at the Nevada Test Site
in the Commission's Plowshare Program. The experiment involved the
simultaneous detonation of five 20-ton charges of nitromethane em-
placed underground in a row. The principal purpose of the experiment
was to advance fundamental knowledge of nuclear excavation technology
and row cratering effects in a hard rock medium. The film describes
the purpose and the objectives of the experiment, previous work with
single- charge underground explosions, preparations for the detonation,
the detonation, and resulting row crater. The moment of detonation is
shown in regular and slow motion and from several vantage points.
PROJECT GNOME (1963). 29 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the
University of California. For sale by W. A. Palmer Films, at
$139.83 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. San Fran-
cisco. Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and
field libraries. Cleared for television.
Covers Project Gnome the first nuclear detonation conducted under
the USAEC's Plowshare Program for development of peaceful uses of
nuclear explosives from its planning stage through the early months
of the post-detonation period when scientists entered the man- created
cavern. Project Gnome was an experiment under the technical direc-
tion of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory involving the detonation on
December 10, 1961, of a 3.1-kiloton nuclear explosive in a chamber
about 1,200 feet below the earth's surface in the Salado Salt Basin, a
thick subsurface salt bed about 25 miles southeast of Carlsbad, New
Mexico. Force of the explosion created an underground cavern which
today measures about 170 feet across and is almost 90 feet high.
Temperatures within the cavity register about 140 degrees. Radiation
levels are about five milliroentgens.
Animation is used to explain the scope of Project Gnome and its
integrated scientific and technical programs. Project Gnome, one of
the most heavily instrumented nuclear detonations ever conducted, was
designed to provide scientific and technical information on five objec-
tives: (1) to determine characteristics and physical effects of under-
ground detonations in a salt medium; (2) to explore feasibility of con-
verting energy produced into electricity; (3) to make neutron
cross- measurements which would contribute to scientific knowledge;
30 PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES (PLOWSHARE)
(4) to provide information on design of nuclear explosives for peaceful
purposes; and (5) to investigate the practicability of recovering useful
radioisotopes.
Topics covered: geological and safety considerations explored in
selection of the Gnome site; drilling and construction of the shaft,
underground access tunnel and shot chamber; the surface installations;
special monitoring and other programs conducted to afford safety to
the public; the seismic and radiological monitoring programs; principal
equipment and instrumentation installation in support of the complex
scientific experiments; the pre-shot news media tour; the surface
movement above ground zero at the moment of detonation; the escape
of vapor from the shaft; recovery of scientific data and equipment; and
entry into the underground cavity in May 1962. Dr. Edward Teller,
University of California nuclear physicist, discusses the objectives of
the Plowshare Program and the preliminary results of Project Gnome
in the opening and closing scenes.
NOTE: A slightly more technical version of the above film, available
upon special request to the USAEC headquarters or San Francisco field
libraries is entitled: PROJECT GNOME TECHNICAL REPORT, see
below.
PROJECT GNOME TECHNICAL REPORT (1964). 19 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the
University of California. For sale by W. A. Palmer Films, at
$79.86 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. San Francisco.
Available for loan (free) only from USAEC headquarters and
San Francisco field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film presents the technical aspects of Project Gnome, the first
experiment of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission's Plowshare
Program to study peaceful applications of nuclear explosives. Methods
of implementation of the basic goals are illustrated by animation.
Various measurements including those of the phenomenology of a
nuclear explosion in a dry salt medium, power and isotope production
studies, and neutron physics experiments are discussed. Re-entry
into the cavity created by the explosion is shown. Significance of the
seismic signals produced, isotope studies, and neutron physics experi-
ments is covered.
NOTE: A slightly less technical motion picture on this subject is
available from all USAEC film libraries. For details see PROJECT
GNOME, page 29.
PROJECT SEDAN (1962). 8 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the
University of California. For sale by W. A. Palmer Films, at
$39.10 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. San Francisco.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters, field
PHYSICAL RESEARCH 31
libraries, and the Graphic Arts Department, Lawrence Radiation
Laboratory, P. O. Box 808, Livermore, California. Cleared for
television.
This semitechnical motion picture reports on the July 6, 1962 nuclear
cratering detonation at the Nevada Test Site. This was the first of a
series of experiments under the Atomic Energy Commission's Plow-
share Program to determine the feasibility of nuclear excavations.
The specific objective was to determine the cratering and radioactivity
entrapment effects of detonating a 100-kiloton nuclear device buried
635 feet in desert alluvium. The film discusses the relationships be-
tween depth of explosion and crater size, and depth of explosion and
containment of radioactivity. It shows the location, slow- motion shots
of the detonation, the area covered by the base surge, the crater (1200
feet in diameter, 320 feet in depth), the fallout pattern, and relates the
experiment to possible large-scale excavation projects such as harbors
and canals.
PHYSICAL RESEARCH
ALPHA, BETA, AND GAMMA (Understanding the Atom Series) . . .
See page 78
ANALYSIS OF NUCLEON-NUCLEQN SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS
(1961). 50 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the
University of California. For sale by W. A. Palmer Films, at
$276.75 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. San Fran-
cisco. Available for loan (free) only from the USAEC film
libraries at Washington, D. C., headquarters, and the Chicago
and San Francisco Operations Offices, as well as from the
Graphic Arts Department, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory,
P. O. Box 808, Livermore, California. Cleared for television.
This filmed lecture by Dr. H. Pierre Noyes is intended primarily for
use in a graduate course in, or a seminar on, nuclear physics. It
attempts to give an overall picture of the route followed in passing
from single-, double-, and triple- scatter ing experiments to a unique
description of the scattering matrix in terms of phase shifts. Although
the formal mathematics introduced is kept to a minimum, it presup-
poses that the student knows what a wave function is, how probability-
current is computed from a wave function, and what is meant by a
quantum- mechanical state. It is therefore not suitable for use in an
undergraduate course or a seminar unless that course has already
introduced these concepts to the students. Topics mentioned in the
film are as follows: relation between scattering cross section and
32 PHYSICAL RESEARCH
scattering amplitude; expression of conservation of angular momentum
and of number of particles by writing the scattering amplitude in
terms of phase shifts; relation between range of the force and the
number of angular- momentum states present; relation between quantum
mass and range of force; inclusion of one-pion exchange effects in the
phase- shift analysis; the number of independent scattering experiments
using two spin-V 2 particles, illustrated by three-dimensional models
for the experiments, P, D, R, A, C nn , and C kp ; and problems en-
countered in trying to determine the best phase-shift solution in terms
of least squares. An instructor's manual for use in discussing the
subject matter is included in the film case.
THE ATOM IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE (Understanding the Atom Series)
See page 78
ATOMIC PHYSICS (1948). 90 minutes, black and white.
Produced by J. Arthur Rank Ltd., England, and released in the
U. S. by United World Films. For sale from United World Films
at $523.00 per print, including shipping case. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. NOT
cleared for television.
This film discusses the history and development of atomic energy,
stressing nuclear physics. Dalton's basic atomic theory, Faraday's
early experiments in electrolysis, Mendeleev's periodic table, and
early concepts and size of atoms and molecules are discussed also.
The film demonstrates how cathode rays were investigated and how the
electron was discovered; how the nature of positive rays was estab-
lished; and how X rays were found and put to use. The film also pre-
sents research tools of nuclear physics, explains work of Joliot- Curie
and Chadwick in discovery of neutron, and splitting of lithium atom by
Cockcroft and Walton. Einstein tells how their work illustrates his
theory of equivalence of mass and energy. Uranium fission is ex-
plained, as well as why it is possible to make an atomic bomb.
BETA RAY SPECTROMETER (1963). 7 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For
sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $22.71 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
By animation and live action, this film explains the principles and
working of the Coincidence Beta Ray Spectrometer, a device which is
used to measure the intensity and direction of electron emissions
known as beta particles. Components of the device are shown and
assembled. A source is introduced. Masking for beam direction and
size is demonstrated. Detectors are shown and explained.
PHYSICAL RESEARCH 33
DISPERSION THEORY APPROACH TO NUCLEON-NUCLEQN SCAT-
TERING (1961). 45 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the
University of California. For sale by W. A. Palmer Films, at
$277.39 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. San Fran-
cisco. Available for loan (free) only from the USAEC film
libraries at Washington, D. C., headquarters, and the Chicago
and San Francisco operations offices, as well as from the
Graphic Arts Department, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory,
P. O. Box 808, Livermore, Calif. 94550. Cleared for television.
This filmed technical lecture by Dr. H. Pierre Noyes, which outlines
some of the main ideas and techniques used in the calculation of the
nucleon-nucleon scattering matrix from its analytic properties and
unitarity, is suitable for use in a seminar at the graduate student-
staff level or as an introductory lecture in a course on dispersion
theory. It presupposes some familiarity with scattering solutions of
the nonrelativistic Schroedinger equation and Cauchy's theorem and an
acquaintance with Feynman diagrams, but it does not assume an inti-
mate knowledge of quantum field theory. Topics discussed are as fol-
lows: (1) Solution of the S-wave Schroedinger equation for a super-
position of exponential or Yukawa potentials by conversion to a Volterra
equation, using the method of Andre Martin. (2) Solution of the same
equation by partial-wave-dispersion relations using the N/D method;
construction of the potential from the discontinuity in the partial-wave
amplitude. (3) The Mandelstam representation for potential scattering
and construction of the double -spectral function. (4) Relation between
the field theoretic amplitude and the nonrelativistic scattering ampli-
tude. (5) Relation of nucleon nucleon scattering to the nucleon
antinucleon amplitude, pion nucleon scattering, pion pion scattering,
and nucleon electromagnetic structure. The same material is covered
in more detail, with references for further study, in a paper presented
by the lecturer at the Midwest Conference on Theoretical Physics,
held at Minneapolis, in May 1961 (Report UCRL-6402). (This paper
is included in the film case as an instructor's manual.)
FABRICATION OF THE ACCELERATOR STRUCTURE (1965). 40
minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.
For sale by Filmservice Laboratories, Inc., at $124.02 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Hollywood. Available for
loan (free) only from USAEC headquarters, Washington, D. C.,
Chicago Operations Office, and San Francisco Operations Office.
Cleared for television.
This film describes the methods used in the fabrication of the accel-
erating structure and associated components for the AEC's two-mile
linear electron accelerator at Stanford University. The accelerator
34 PHYSICAL RESEARCH
pipe, or disk-loaded waveguide, through which the electron beam
travels, is manufactured from oxygen-free, high- conductivity copper
cylinders and disks. The film shows in detail the steps followed in
brazing together of 84 cylinders and 85 disks to form a basic 10-foot
section of the accelerating structure. Significant steps shown and de-
scribed include: machining of cylinders and disks; annealing of parts;
fabrication of input and output coupler sub-assemblies; brazing of a
10-foot section in a unique, hydrogen oxygen, split- ring burner flame
furnace; of tuning and high power of testing of a section using the full
power of a klystron tube; and, the mounting of four 10-foot sections and
associated components.
FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIOACTIVITY (Radioisotopes Series) . . .
See page 75
FUSION RESEARCH (A Geneva- 1964 film). 22 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $61.93 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film describes the nature of thermonuclear research as
illustrated by many of the current investigations of plasma production
and confinement. The major obstacles to success are plasma oscilla-
tions and instabilities which result in plasma loss from the magnetic
containers. The film gives a qualitative description of some of the
instabilities, of energy loss through charge exchange and radiation due
to contaminants; and also describes plasma measurements, which are
now very sophisticated. Several research devices in the United States
on which progress has been encouraging are described in the film.
HIGH ENERGY PARTICLE ACCELERATORS (1958). 30 minutes,
color.
Produced by Audio Productions, New York, for the USAEC. For
sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $114.85 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared
for television.
This technical film surveys the work of particle accelerators in high-
energy physics, shows the major accelerator installations in the U. S.,
major accelerators under construction, and a series of typical experi-
ments with high-energy particles. It explains, with both live action and
animation, the components and operations of various types of accelera-
tors and gives a description of bubble chambers. The film features
information on the following operating accelerators: the Brookhaven
National Laboratory Cosmotron (proton -synchrotron), the Uni-
PHYSICAL RESEARCH 35
versity of California Radiation Laboratory Bevatron (largest proton-
synchrotron operating in the U.S., as of the fall of 1958), the California
Institute of Technology Electron -Synchrotron, the Cornell University
Electron -Synchrotron, and Stanford University Linear Accelerator;
also, construction work and principles of the Princeton University -
University of Pennsylvania Synchrotron (Cosmotron type), Argonne
National Laboratory Proton -Synchrotron (up to 12 Bev), Brookhaven
Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (25-30 Bev), and the Harvard -MIT
Alternating Gradient Electron -Synchrotron (6 Bev). Also included are
brief data on studies at Stanford, Oak Ridge, and Midwestern Uni-
versities Research Association on the linear, spiral magnet, and
fixed-field alternating gradient types, respectively.
HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS RESEARCH (A Geneva- 1964 film). 23
minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $65.29 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
Some 20 very high energy accelerators, scattered throughout the
world, are being used to probe the characteristics of subatomic
particles. The new particles and their interactions have brought about
reconsideration and revision of some of the fundamental laws of
physics. This technical film indicates our current understanding of
subnuclear particles, nuclear forces, and surveys the status of high
energy physics research in the United States. This includes the general
types of accelerators and the devices used for particle detection and
analysis, the efforts to organize the data into a unified general theory,
the difficulty of this problem, and the many remaining questions.
INTRODUCTION TO HIGH VACUUM (1961). 18 minutes, color.
Produced by Brookhaven National Laboratory and Audio Pro-
ductions for the USAEC and the American Vacuum Society. For
sale by Audio Productions, at $72.00 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. New York. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film (primarily intended for use by engineers, scientists,
technicians, students, and personnel of industrial, chemical, and
processing plants) defines high vacuum and shows how it is produced
and measured. Information is given on the contributions of Torricelli
and Von Guericke to vacuum physics; how vacuum is expressed
(millimeters of mercury, Torr, particles per cubic centimeter); flow
characteristics (viscous and molecular) of gases under vacuum and
their influences on vacuum techniques; mechanical and nonmechanical
vacuum pumps and their principles of operation (oil- seal rotary, dry-
36 PHYSICAL RESEARCH
seal roots, diffusion, and getter-ion types); mechanical and non-
mechanical vacuum gauges and their principles of operation (McLeod
mercury, thermocouple, and ionization); and typical examples of appli-
cations of high- vacuum techniques in product manufacture and in
scientific research (freeze-drying process, thin-film-evaporation pro-
cess, and thermonuclear experiments).
THE MANY FACES OF ARGONNE (1963). 60 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $176.10 per print, including
double-shipping-case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for
loan (free) from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and from
Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne,
111. 60440. Cleared for television.
Although the film is about Argonne National Laboratory, it will be
useful to both technical and nontechnical audiences who wish an
interesting survey of the objectives, methods, and hardware of the
broad range of nuclear research conducted by a typical national
laboratory of the USAEC.
With both artistry and clarity, the ANL narrator shows us CP-5 and
the range of work accomplished with this powerful research reactor.
In an ANL chemistry laboratory, we see investigation of atomic forces
with "color center" studies of the structure of crystals. Information
is given on methods of protecting atomic scientists from radiation:
film badges and dosimeters; the checking of air, water, walls, dust;
and the remote- control devices involving periscopes and television in
order to see and work despite massive shielding.
Argonne' s efforts in the power reactor field are summarized, using
the Experimental Breeder Reactor-H as an example, with detailed
explanation of its components, purposes, methods, etc.
Experiments to learn the effects of radiation on human beings are
explained studies of the effects of radiation received continually over
a lifetime (bone-tumor studies); studies of the mutation-producing
effects of radiation (fruitfly studies, work with dogs, etc.); studies of
neonatal death rates; life-span studies; studies of leukemia; effects of
radiation on cells, etc.
The film shows in detail the giant Zero Gradient Synchrotron
accelerator or "atom-smasher" used to tear apart subatomic
particles to study the basic nature of matter. Argonne's relationship
to American universities is outlined with views of the training of
foreign students.
NEUTRON ACTIVATION (A Geneva- 1964 film). 8 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory from film
footage made by General Atomic, Division of General Dynamics.
For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish,
PHYSICAL RESEARCH 37
or Russian, at $26.06 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
When a substance is irradiated with neutrons, minute quantities of
radioactive elements are produced. By measuring the quantity and en-
ergy spectrum of the radiation produced, we can obtain an extremely
sensitive and precise measurement of the elements present. This
technical film describes the general techniques, applications, and
sensitivities of this powerful analytical tool.
NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS (1964). 40 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by the General Atomic Division,
General Dynamics. For sale by McNamara Productions, at
$121.22 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Los Angeles.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film deals with the nature, potentialities, and applica-
tions of neutron activation analysis a highly sensitive and powerful
analytical technique that has grown out of the study of peaceful uses of
nuclear energy. It is a method of analyzing samples for various ele-
ments by bombarding them with neutrons to make some of the elements
radioactive, and then identifying and measuring the induced radioactivi-
ties to complete the quantitative analysis. The film shows the kinds of
neutron sources used (isotopic, accelerator, and nuclear reactor), the
latest counting techniques employed (especially those of multichannel
gamma- ray spectrometry and spectrum stripping), and illustrates the
wide applicability of the method to many kinds of problems, samples,
and studies.
Both activations with thermal neutrons and with fast neutrons are
shown. The purely instrumental, nondestructive form of the method
and also the form involving radiochemical separations with carriers
are illustrated. The microgram-to- milligram sensitivities attainable
with low-cost accelerator neutron sources and the sub-nanogram to
microgram sensitivities achieved with a modern pool-type research
reactor are reviewed. The high speed of the instrumental method is
stressed, and the possibilities of automation and computer calculation
are presented. Interesting examples of recent applications of the
method in the fields of scientific crime detection, geology and geo-
chemistry, agriculture, medicine, the petroleum and chemical in-
dustries, and the semiconductor industry are shown.
NEUTRON DIFFRACTION (A Geneva- 1964 film). 9 minutes, color.
Produced by Argonne National Laboratory. For sale by Byron
Motion Pictures in English, French, Spanish, or Russian, at
$28.18 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington,
38 PHYSICAL RESEARCH
D. C. English version available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
The wavelengths of thermal neutrons are comparable to X rays used
in the study of crystal structures and produce similar diffraction
effects. Since the scattering processes are different, neutron diffrac-
tion studies provide information which cannot be obtained by other
methods. They are particularly useful for determining the positions
of light atoms in the crystal structure and provide a unique technique
for the study of magnetic orientation. This technical film describes the
principles of neutron diffraction and indicates new fields of investiga-
tion which previously were considered not feasible.
NEUTRON IMAGE DETECTOR (1965). 5V 2 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC 's Argonne National Laboratory. For
sale by Color Service Co., at $12.76 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. New York City. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
In a number of areas of nuclear research it is necessary to detect and
visualize the distribution of neutrons. Like X rays, the penetrating
characteristics of neutrons can be used for radiography. However, the
absorption characteristics of neutrons and X rays are quite different
and this makes neutron radiography a very valuable technique. The
film describes a new vacuum tube developed by the Argonne National
Laboratory Metallurgy Division and the Rauland Corporation, a sub-
sidiary of Zenith Radio Corporation. The tube contains a neutron-
sensitive screen one foot in diameter. It produces a brilliant image
which may be viewed with a closed circuit television camera. Applica-
tions of the tube to neutron radiography and neutron motion pictures
are illustrated.
THE NUCLEAR WITNESS ACTIVATION ANALYSIS IN CRIME pT
VESTIGATION See page 26
PRACTICAL PROCEDURES OF MEASUREMENT (Radioisotopes
Series) See page 76
PROPERTIES OF RADIATION (Radioisotopes Series) . . See page 76
PROPERTIES OF RADIATION (Understanding the Atom Series) . . .
See page 79
RADIATION AND MATTER (Understanding the Atom Series) ....
See page 80
RADIATION DETECTION BY IONIZATION (Understanding the Atom
Series) See page 80
PHYSICAL RESEARCH 39
RADIATION DETECTION BY SCINTILLATION (Understanding the
Atom Series) See page 80
RADIATION EFFECTS IN CHEMISTRY (A Geneva- 1964 film). 13
minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $39.60 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film explains that radiation initiates a wide variety of
chemical reactions. But the fundamental mechanisms which produce
these effects are still under investigation. Within a few nanoseconds
after irradiation, a variety of chemical substances are produced which
are then available to participate in subsequent reactions. The experi-
mental study of this process requires extremely sensitive and high-
speed techniques spectrometry, electron spin resonance techniques,
etc.
THE RADIOISOTOPE: METHODOLOGY (Radioisotopes Series) . . .
See page 77
RESEARCH INTO CONTROLLED FUSION (1958). 55 minutes, color.
Produced by the U. S. Army Pictorial Center for the USAEC.
For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $163.09 per print, in-
cluding shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for
loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
This film is a technical progress report of the fusion research pro-
grams sponsored by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission at Princeton
University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Los Alamos Scientific
Laboratory, and the University of California Radiation Laboratory. An
outline is given of the principal problems in controlled fusion, and the
film then switches to the laboratories, where the research devices are
shown and described in detail by means of animation. Devices de-
scribed are the various pinch, mirror, rotating plasma, DCX, and
Stellarator machines . (This film requires only a rudimentary knowl-
edge of physics to be understood, but it should be most useful at
college colloquia as a summary of present research in hot plasma
physics.)
TRANSCURIUM ELEMENTS: SYNTHESIS, SEPARATION AND RE-
SEARCH (1965). 31 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the
University of California. For sale by W. A. Palmer Films, at
$132.27 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. San Fran-
40 PHYSICAL RESEARCH
Cisco. Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and
field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film describes three basic transcurium research ex-
periments at the USAEC's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Liver-
more by University of California scientists. Transcurium element
research is part of a continuing program at the laboratory designed
to further the knowledge of the chemical nature and nuclear structure
of the recently discovered heavy elements, berkelium, californium,
einsteinium and fermium.
The specialized separation work in research was performed at
the laboratory after the elements were synthesized in the Materials
Testing Reactor at the USAEC's National Reactor Testing Station in
Idaho. The film shows the capsule containing a one-gram mixture of
Plutonium -2 42, americium-243, and curium-244 being released from
the reactor after four years of irradiation in the highest neutron flux
region of the core. This exceptionally long irradiation was required to
produce millionths of a gram of the transcurium elements. The pro-
cess of transmuting one element to the next heavier by neutron capture
is illustrated in the film.
The chemical separation techniques and equipment are explained
during operational tests. Photography through the observation window
depicts some of the significant steps in the chemical separation. A
dramatic part of the separation occurs when the curium can be seen
separating from other elements by its luminescence or light generated
by radioactivity.
The first research experiment illustrates the discovery of a new
isotope of fermium of mass 257. This isotope proved to have a much
longer half -life than predicted from existing theory. This is the first
strong evidence that the search for new elements may not be limited by
short half -lives.
The next experiment shows the measurement of the neutron induced
fission of einsteinium- 2 53. These measurements furnished additional
data for calculating the yield of products formed in neutron irra-
diations.
The final experiment explains how 70 per cent of the world's supply
of purified berkelium was formed into a crystal to concentrate its self-
luminescent light. Animation effectively illustrates how the slightly
different wave lengths of light, emitted from berkelium, enabled scien-
tists to determine the configuration and energy of the electrons in its
outer orbit.
The film covers the various steps performed in each experiment and
shows the equipment required to perform the intricate scientific
analyses. Other studies and long range objectives of the program are
discussed.
XENON TETRAFLUORIDE (1962). 5V 2 minutes, color.
POWER REACTORS 41
Produced by USAEC 's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
from the Calvin Company, at $16.86 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Kansas City. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film shows how chemists at Argonne National Labo-
ratory have succeeded in making xenon combine chemically with
fluorine the first combination of xenon and one other element, a
chemical reaction previously thought to be impossible which has
opened up a new area for the study of chemical bonding. The film
shows the preparation of the compound in the laboratory under special
conditions of temperature and pressure. The ingredients are sealed in
a glass vacuum tube and first heated to 400 C for one hour, then cooled
rapidly to room temperature. Crystals of xenon tetrafluoride the
new compound grow before your eyes. Tests to substantiate the exact
nature of the compound are illustrated, and future experiments on
forming compounds with rare gases are discussed.
POWER REACTORS
ATOMIC POWER AT SHIPPINGPQRT (1958). 30 minutes, color.
Produced by Audio Productions, New York, for the Westinghouse
Electric Corp. For sale by Consolidated Film Industries, at
$94.51 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Los Angeles.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. NOT cleared for television.
This film describes the first full-scale nuclear power plant designed
exclusively for generation of electricity for civilian use. Located at
Shippingport, Pa., this power plant (of the pressurized water type) is
unique because of its developmental nature. Its primary objective is to
advance reactor technology and to obtain information on nuclear power
plants that would be readily operable in a conventional electric utility
network. The film shows design problems and how they were solved,
construction and operation details, methods of cycling the light water
coolant, fabrication, and characteristics and placement of fuel elements.
ATOMIC VENTURE (1961). 23% minutes, color.
Produced by, and for sale by, the General Electric Company.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
This semitechnical film, which is a sequel to the 1958 film entitled
"Dresden Nuclear Power Station" (in this catalog), covers the design
and development of a large dual- cycle boiling- water reactor the
180,000-kw Dresden Nuclear Power Station built by General Electric
Company (GE) for the Commonwealth Edison Company, Chicago, and
the Nuclear Power Group, Inc., and the history of the project from its
42 POWER REACTORS
beginning in 1955 to its completion in 1959. The film shows major
stages of development, including clearance of the site 47 miles south-
west of Chicago; groundbreaking: construction of foundations, sphere,
and other buildings; manufacture of the containment vessel and fuel;
shipment and arrival of major components; installation of the reactor
core, reactor vessel, and turbine-generator; testing of completed
installations; and the station's "going critical." The film also includes
scenes relating to development work for Dresden carried out at GE's
Vallecitos Atomic Laboratory near Pleasanton, Calif.
ATOMIC WEATHERMAN: STRONTIUM- 90 ISOTOPIC APPLICATIONS
(1961). 18V 2 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by the Martin Marietta Corporation.
For sale by Capital Film Laboratories, at $103.90 per print,
including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for
loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
This semitechnical film describes the world's first radioisotope-
powered weather station, which is operating unattended at a remote site
in the Canadian Arctic. The "atomic" weather station is powered by a
thermoelectric unit in which the heat from the decay of 90 Sr is directly
converted into electricity. The film shows the major steps in the iden-
tification, testing, and preparation of the 90 Sr titanite compound; the
loading of the radioisotope source in the weather-station generator; the
principle of direct conversion of heat into electricity; the operation of
the generator; the weather-station equipment for sensing, data pro-
cessing, and control and transmission; the final testing; the 4000- mile
journey north into the remote Canadian Arctic aboard an icebreaker;
the weather-station installation; and the successful transmission of
weather data. The film explains the principal methods of handling
radioactive wastes from nuclear-reactor operations; the techniques for
recovering valuable radioisotopes, such as 90 Sr; and the development
of 90 Sr thermoelectric sources for unique small-scale power applica-
tions. Brief information is also given on other applications of 90 Sr
thermoelectric devices.
BORAX: CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A BOILING WATER
REACTOR (1955). 14 minutes, black and white.
Produced by the USAF's Lookout Mountain Air Force Station
for Argonne National Laboratory and the USAEC. For sale by
Lookout Mountain Air Force Station, at $18.00 per print, in-
cluding shipping case. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This picture may be considered a sequel to "Safety Experiments with a
Boiling Reactor" (in this catalog). Based on the safety experiments,
Argonne scientists proceeded to the next step: putting a generating
POWER REACTORS 43
system onto a boiling-water type reactor. Electricity produced from
"Borax" was used for an hour on July 17, 1955, to light and power
Arco, Idaho, the first U. S. community to be lighted exclusively on a
city-wide basis by nuclear power. The picture shows the construction
and operation of the reactor power plant and the lighting of Arco.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL BOILING WATER REACN
TOR (1957). 10 minutes, black and white.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $12.10 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne Na-
tional Lab., 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared for
television.
The Experimental Boiling Water Reactor (EBWR), an experimental
nuclear power plant of 5000-kw electrical capacity, was the first of the
reactors in the USAEC's nuclear power development program to be
completed. This Semite chnical documentary film describes highlights
of construction of the EBWR buildings, particularly the containment
shell for the power plant. The erection of the steel shell, special
concrete work, and installation of equipment, including the reactor
pressure vessel, are shown. The requirements for various structural
components are described.
DEVELOPING HOMOGENEOUS REACTORS (1955). 23 minutes, black
and white.
Produced by USAEC's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For sale
from Byron Motion Pictures, at $25.92 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Cleared for television.
This film depicts some of the most important stages in the develop-
ment, construction, operation, and dismantling of Homogeneous Reac-
tor Experiment No. 1 (HRE-1), which was designed to operate at 1000
kw. Testing of the most important reactor features is shown, along with
the most important steps in assembling the reactor. Operation of the
reactor is pictured. The film closes with scenes of the reactor being
disassembled to make room for HRE-2.
DRESDEN NUCLEAR POWER STATION (1958). 15 minutes, color.
Produced by the Atomic Power Equipment Department, General
Electric Company, San Jose, Calif. For sale by Byron Motion
Pictures, at $50.13 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC head-
quarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film shows construction of the 180,000-kw Dresden Nuclear
44 POWER REACTORS
Power Station at a site near Chicago, 111. The film includes views of
the fabrication of the 350-ton reactor pressure vessel at New York
Shipbuilding Corporation and of other components at the General
Electric Atomic Power Equipment Department headquarters at San
Jose, Calif. Aerial views and closeups of the construction of the 190-ft-
diameter containment sphere for the reactor are also shown.
THE EXPERIMENTAL BOILING WATER REACTOR (1958). 30 min-
utes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $93.69 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne National
Lab., 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. 60440. Cleared for
television.
This semitechnical documentary film presents an actual account of the
construction and operation of the reactor. It begins with the installa-
tion of the reactor components, with pressure vessel and other units in
the steam cycle already in place. This continues through the assembly
of reactor components, 20-Mw operation, then the generation of 5000
kw of electricity. The standard operational procedures of the plant,
including startup procedure, are included. Also shown are significant
engineering tests through 3060-Mwd operation and subsequent inspec-
tion of turbine and reactor.
EXPERIMENTAL BREEDER REACTOR I, MARK III" (1958). 13V 2
minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $51.81 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne National
Lab., 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared for television.
This film presents some major aspects of the fabrication, installation,
and operation of a new core (Mark III) for the Experimental Breeder
Reactor I at the National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho.
FAST REACTOR DEVELOPMENT (A Geneva- 1964 film). 17 minutes,
color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $41.57 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film reports on sodium-cooled fast breeder reactors:
the Experimental Breeder Reactor II and the Enrico Fermi Atomic
Power Plant. Along with the design features of both facilities, the film
POWER REACTORS 45
tells about the experiences with fuel handling, sodium components, and
reactor operation. A brief history includes EBR-I and the potential of
fast breeder reactors in the nuclear power economy.
FAST REACTOR PROGRAM (1958). 36 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $117.68 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne National
Lab., 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared for television.
This technical film is an abstract of some major features of the fast
reactor program in the areas of reactor performance, safety and
reliability, system components, and fuel-cycle developments.
GAS COOLED REACTOR EXPERIMENT (1960). 39 minutes, color.
Produced through USAEC's Idaho Operations Office by Lookout
Mountain Air Force Station for the USAEC and the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers. For sale by Lookout Mountain Air Force
Station, at $132.96 per print, including shipping case. Available
for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
This film describes the design, development, component fabrication,
assembly, testing, and initial criticality of the first direct- and closed-
cycle gas-cooled reactor the GCRE-I pointing toward the develop-
ment of the first U. S. mobile nuclear power plant. This film, among
the first to stress the engineering aspects of developing a new reactor
concept, tells its story through a series of interviews on the site with
some of the industrial and government personnel responsible for the
GCRE-I from initial concept to completion.
HALLAM NUCLEAR POWER FACILITY (1963). 20 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Chicago Operations Office. For sale by
the Calvin Productions, at $63.36 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Kansas City. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film shows the setting and location of the reactor built jointly by
USAEC and the Consumers' Public Power District of Nebraska. An
explanation of this type of reactor, using a liquid metal coolant, is
given stressing its advantages. The working of the plant is shown in
animation. Live footage shows construction of the reactor containment
vessel, its transportation from Philadelphia to Hallam, moderator
fabrication and installation, installation and operation of safety rods,
use of an intermediate heat exchanger, installation of steam piping, and
the installation of the turbine and generator. Also shown are fuel
handling, cleaning and storage cells, fuel fabrication, and testing.
46 POWER REACTORS
HOMOGENEOUS REACTOR EXPERIMENT-II (1958). 19 minutes,
color.
Produced by USAEC's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $60.84 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Cleared for television.
This film summarizes the components, facilities, and operations of
Homogeneous Reactor Experiment No. II, an aqueous, homogeneous,
forced- circulation, experimental power reactor operating with a dilute
solution of uranyl sulfate in heavy water as fuel, and with a heavy-
water reflector. Designed output of the core is at a heat range of
5000 kw.
THE HWCTR AND THE HEAVY WATER POWER REACTOR PROGRAM
(1962). 3lV 2 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Savannah River Operations Office,
John L. Feierbacher, consultant. For sale by Byron Motion
Pictures, at $87.03 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC head-
quarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film depicts the growing need for nuclear power and describes the
features of heavy water reactors for use in power production. The
development program conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission on
this reactor concept is described in detail. Design studies performed
on promising heavy water reactor concepts established the technical
feasibility and economic promise of this concept. A number of research
tasks in the fields of fuel design, engineering of low leakage com-
ponents, studies of heat transfer and the physics of natural uranium
heavy water systems were investigated in detail by Dupont and other
research contractors to the USAEC. The facilities at the Savannah
River Laboratory and at commercial laboratories used in this program
are shown.
Primary emphasis in the development program was placed on design
of an inexpensive natural uranium fuel element for the heavy water
reactor. Processes of fuel fabrication of both uranium metal and
uranium oxide are described. To verify the results of the fuel develop-
ment and other engineering programs a test reactor called a Heavy
Water Components Test Reactor (HWCTR) was constructed at the
Savannah River Plant. The film describes the construction of this
reactor and outlines in detail the technical features and capabilities of
the HWCTR and its special loop systems in demonstrating the heavy
water reactor concept.
IN-PILE LOOP TESTS OF HOMOGENEOUS REACTOR MATERIALS
(1958). 25 minutes, color.
POWER REACTORS 47
Produced by USAEC's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $80.94 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Cleared for television.
This technical film describes a typical in-pile loop experiment in the
radiation-corrosion program of the Homogeneous Reactor Project at
the USAEC's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Particular emphasis is
given to the equipment and experimental procedures used in evaluating
effects of nuclear radiation on corrosion of metals and alloys exposed
to an approximation of the environment in a circulating-fuel aqueous
homogeneous reactor.
THE MANY FACES OF ARGQNNE See page 36
ML-1 MOBILE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (1963). 26 minutes, color.
Produced for the U. S. Army and USAEC (under the technical
direction of the Idaho Operations Office, USAEC) by the Lookout
Mountain Air Force Station. For sale by Lookout Mountain Air
Force Station, at $99.15 per single print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Hollywood. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This semitechnical film states the army's logistical need for mobile
power, and then shows how that need is partially filled by the design,
construction, testing, and field operation of a new transportable power
reactor plant, the ML-1. An explanation of the design of this gas-
cooled, water-moderated reactor is given. Development of the reactor
at the USAEC's National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho, is shown. The
design and testing of the turbomachinery takes place at the Army Engi-
neer Research and Development Laboratory, Ft. Belvoir, Virginia.
The film also covers the training of the operating crews, assembly of
the ML-1, checkout and test run, testing of the transportability of the
system using mock-ups, simulated transportation of the ML-1 to the
field, and its start-up and criticality.
NUCLEAR ENERGY GOES RURAL (1963). I4 1 /, minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Chicago Operations Office. For sale by
Anthony Lane Studios, at $57.00 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Minneapolis. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film presents the background, planning, and construction of the
Elk River Reactor for Minnesota's Rural Cooperative Power Associa-
tion. After the rural background and setting are established, the
planning of the reactor is shown. Animation is used to explain the
principle of the boiling water reactor with conventional superheated
steam. A comparison is made with the hot air heating system used in
48 POWER REACTORS
the home, and the reactor's control rods are compared with a thermo-
stat. The reactor control room is shown. A "Scram" is explained.
Fuel operations are also explained, as well as the air monitoring
system.
THE NUCLEAR SHIP SAVANNAH (A Geneva -1964 film). 10 minutes,
color.
Produced by Babcock & Wilcox Co. For sale by Byron Motion
Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or Russian, at $30.52 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. English
version available for loan from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film is an account of the experience with the design,
construction, and operation of the nuclear power plant for the NS
Savannah, the world's first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship.
The film describes and explains the results of the pre-critical system
tests and operational performance during the extended sea trials.
Included are scenes of critical experiments, fuel loading, sea trials,
major safety tests at the USAEC 's Idaho National Reactor Testing
Station, and visits to some of the major U. S. ports.
OMRE FUEL ELEMENT REMOVAL AND SECOND CORE LOADING
(1959). 15 minutes, color.
Produced by Atomics International for the USAEC. For sale by
Capital Film Laboratories, at $50.67 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries and Atomics
International, P. O. Box 309, Canoga Park, Calif. 91305. Cleared
for television.
This film reports on operations of the Organic Moderated Reactor
Experiment, an experimental nuclear power project conducted by
Atomics International for the USAEC at the National Reactor Testing
Station, Idaho. A summary of operating experience and test programs
from reactor start-up in September 1957 to July 1959 is presented.
The simplicity of operating the reactor is highlighted. Removal of the
first reactor core and loading of the second core are detailed.
OPERATING EXPERIENCE -DRESDEN (A Geneva- 1964 film). 10
minutes, color.
Produced by the General Electric Company. For sale by Byron
Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or Russian, at
$28.91 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington,
D. C. English version available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film reports on the routine, day-to-day operation of the
Dresden Nuclear Power Station and points up the success of the
POWER REACTORS 49
boiling water nuclear-electric power station. Dresden's four years
of operating experience are reviewed, and the power station is exam-
ined in terms of dependability, safety, ease of operation, and ease of
maintenance.
OPERATING EXPERIENCE-HALLAM (A Geneva-1964 film). lOmin-
utes, color.
Produced by Atomics International. For sale by Byron Motion
Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or Russian, at $22.49 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. English
version for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film depicts the operation of the 79-megawatt electric
Hallam Nuclear Power Station, the U. S. first central station generating
plant powered by a sodium- graphite reactor (252 megawatt). The film
demonstrates Hallam' s heat transfer cycle and plant operation fea-
tures, including fuel transfer and sodium handling. This nuclear plant,
designed for USAEC by Atomics International, is operated by Con-
sumers Public Power for the USAEC.
OPERATING EXPERIENCE -INDIAN POINT (A Geneva-1964 film).
10 minutes, color.
Produced by the Babcock & Wilcox Company. For sale by
Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or Russian,
at $26.28 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington,
D. C. English version available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film is the story of the design, construction, and opera-
tion of the Indian Point power station of the Consolidated Edison Co.
of New York, one of the first nuclear power stations in the U. S.
serving a large metropolitan area. The film describes and explains
some of the theoretical concepts and operating characteristics of the
world's first station using thorium as the fertile material, and includ-
ing critical core experiments, core design and models, and on- location
operational plant scenes.
OPERATING EXPERIENCE -YANKEE (A Geneva-1964 film). 10 min-
utes, color.
Produced by Westinghouse Electric Corporation. For sale by
Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or Russian,
at $32.56 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington,
D. C. English version available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film relates various plant design features and per-
formance data of the nuclear power station operated by the Yankee
Atomic Electric Company. The plant has been in service more than
50 POWER REACTORS
3 years. Initially rated at 134 Mw(e), current output with its third core
is 185 Mw(e).
ORGANIC MODERATED REACTOR EXPERIMENT (1958). 16 min-
utes, color.
Produced by Atomics International for the USAEC. For sale by
Byron Motion Pictures, at $58.05 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries, and from Atomics
International, P. O. Box 309, Canoga Park, Calif. Cleared for
television.
This film presents a pictorial summary of the fabrication and opera-
tion of the OM RE facility at the USAEC 's National Reactor Testing
Station, Idaho, being conducted by Atomics International to investigate
the use of organic materials as a reactor coolant, for transferring heat
and for moderating neutrons. The film also depicts the technique of
melting the organic moderator and methods of monitoring.
THE PIQUA NUCLEAR POWER FACILITY (1963). 23 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC 's Chicago Operations Office. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $64. 18 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
The Piqua Nuclear Power Facility is the first municipally owned power
plant using steam produced by a USAEC nuclear reactor. This film
gives an animated explanation of Pi qua' s reactor an organic mod-
erated reactor and compares it with the liquid metal sodium graphite
type reactor at Hallam, Nebraska, and the pressurized water reactor
at Shippingport, Pa. Live action footage of the Organic Moderated
Reactor Experiment at the National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho is
shown, as well as of the design and construction of the Piqua facility.
PLUTONIUM RECYCLE . See page 23
PM-1 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (1962). 20 minutes, color.
Produced by the Nuclear Division, Martin Company, for the
USAEC. For sale by Calvin Productions, at $55.28 per print,
including shipping case, F.O.B. Kansas City. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared
for television.
A filmed story of the PM-1 nuclear power plant (a pressurized water
system), a joint project of the USAEC and the USAF, which supplies the
power for the radar and space heating of a remote Air Defense Com-
mand radar station in Wyoming. The film breaks down the types and
contents of 16 air-transportable packages, a total weight of about
POWER REACTORS 51
30,000 pounds: reactor, steam generator, waste tank, heat-transfer
apparatus, control room, turbo-generator, etc.
Details are given on major components and the design and operation
of the system by information on: 741 nuclear fuel tubes in 7 fuel
bundles, the "flow" of primary water, the secondary water, details on
the makeup of the fuel element tubes, criticality testing, nature of the
control rods, and tests to determine heat transfer and flow character-
istics. The film recounts the airlift of the packages, erection and
assembly of the power plant, the work to achieve criticality, and the
varied safety controls.
PM-3A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT -ANT ARC TIC A (1963). 20 min-
utes, color.
Produced by the Martin Company for the USAEC. For sale by
Byron Motion Pictures, at $64.11 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This is the semitechnical film-story of the 1,5 00 -kilo watt nuclear
power station built, under contract to USAEC, for operation by the
Navy at McMurdo Station, Antarctic headquarters for the joint Navy-
National Science Foundation Antarctic Research Project. PM-3A, the
first atomic power station in the bleak Antarctic, supplies electric
power and space heating for the isolated station. Use of nuclear power
reduces the massive amounts of fuel oil for generating electricity that
must be brought 11,000 miles by American tankers. PM-3A was de-
signed, fabricated, and tested in 14 months. Details are given on the
plant's pressure vessel, coolant, nuclear fuel, control rods, switch-
gear, heat-transfer equipment, turbo-generator, and many other major
components. We see shots of the erection and testing of the reactor in
the States, site preparation by Seabees in the Antarctic, erection and
testing of the reactor at McMurdo, safety aspects, and achievement of
criticality.
POWER REACTOR EXPERIENCE IN THE UNITED STATES (A
Geneva- 1964 film). 30 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC 's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $80.24 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
This technical film surveys the current status of power reactor
development in the U. S., with particular emphasis placed on the
economic aspects and the development of a privately owned nuclear
power industry. The film shows how economic factors are related to
fuel burnup, power levels, containment and similar design limits, and
52 POWER REACTORS
how these limits have increased steadily so that light water reactors
are competing successfully with fossil -fueled plants in many areas of
the country. Breeder reactors are discussed, as well as thorium and
plutonium recycle techniques. Also described are major efforts in the
development of chemical and spectral shift reactor controls.
POWER REACTORS USA (1958). 55 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by the Los Angeles Division, Lytle
Corp. Prints for sale (made from a master) from Byron Motion
Pictures, at $176.86 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. Prints for sale (made from the original) from
Lookout Mountain Air Force Station, at about $275.00 per print.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
This semitechnical film pictures the entire panorama of the U. S.
power reactor program with live action and animation. Major develop-
ments are shown in the technology of the pressurized- water, boiling-
water, homogeneous, organic-moderated, sodium-graphite, and fast-
breeder concepts by illustrating with shots of the technical status of
the following reactors: Shippingport, Army Package Power, Indian
Point, Yankee, Experimental Boiling Water, Vallecitos, Dresden,
Organic Moderated Reactor Experiment, Sodium Reactor Experiment,
Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 1, Enrico Fermi, and Homogeneous
Reactor Experiments No. 1 and No. 2.
REMOTE MAINTENANCE OF MOLTEN SALT REACTORS (1960).
20 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC 's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For sale
by the Calvin Productions, at $84.22 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Kansas City. Mo. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and the Oak Ridge Operations Office,
USAEC, P. O. Box E, Oak Ridge, Tenn. 37830. Cleared for
television.
This film illustrates (1) the arrangement of a mock-up fluid-fuel
reactor system approximately 20 Mw(t) in size and (2) the remote
operation of specialized equipment utilized to maintain reactor com-
ponents. Various components, such as the core vessel, pump and
motor, heat exchanger, and preheaters, are removed and replaced
under conditions simulating experience with a molten-salt reactor.
REMOTE REPAIR AND MODIFICATION OF THE HRE-2 CORE
VESSEL (1961). 20 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC 's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For sale
by the Calvin Productions, at $59.44 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Kansas City, Mo. Available for loan (free)
POWER REACTORS 53
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
This technical film illustrates the remote repair and modification of
the Homogeneous Reactor Experiment No. 2 (HRE-2) core vessel fol-
lowing the formation of two holes that permitted the transfer of fuel to
the blanket side of the reactor. The film shows special equipment that
had to be designed for repairing the HRE-2 and the problems involved
in working with the reactor, where the radiation level in the vessel was
greater than 100,000 r/hr. All the work had to be performed through
the blanket access, which is 3 l / 2 in. in diameter, and the core access,
which is 2V 8 in. in diameter.
RESTORATION OF THE NRX REACTOR See page 59
SAFETY EXPERIMENTS WITH A BOILING REACTOR
See page 68
THE SL-1 ACCIDENT, PHASES 1 AND 2 See page 69
THE SL-1 ACCIDENT, PHASE 3 See page 70
SODIUM GRAPHITE REACTOR PROGRESS REPORT (1955). 17 min-
utes, color.
Produced by Atomics International for the USAEC. For sale
from Byron Motion Pictures, at $57.18 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries or Atomics
International, P. O. Box 309, Canoga Park, Calif. Cleared for
television.
This film depicts a number of experiments devoted to development of
the Sodium Graphite Reactor, with special emphasis on development of
the fuel element. A number of sequences of the testing of components
are shown.
SODIUM REACTOR EXPERIMENT (1958). 22 minutes, color.
Produced by Atomics International for the USAEC. For sale by
Byron Motion Pictures, at $90.12 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries and Atomics Interna-
tional, P.O. Box 309, Canoga Park, Calif. Cleared for television.
This film presents a summary of the preparation, fabrication, and
testing of major reactor components, installation at the site, the
start-up, operation of the reactor, and control and safety elements of
the Sodium Reactor Experiment (nuclear power) designed, con-
structed, and operated for the USAEC by Atomics International near
Los Angeles.
54 RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS
SODIUM REACTOR EXPERIMENT FABRICATION (1957). 19 minutes,
color.
Produced by Atomics International for the USAEC. For sale
from Byron Motion Pictures, at $62.03 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries or Atomics
International, P. O. Box 309, Canoga Park, Calif. Cleared for
television.
The fabrication and testing of major reactor components for the Sodium
Reactor Experiment (SRE) are shown in this technical film. (The SRE
incorporates a 20,000-kw(t) reactor having the basic design features of
a central-station sodium graphite reactor. The goals of this program
are to study and improve technology associated with the sodium graph-
ite type of nuclear reactors and to demonstrate the technical feasibility
of this approach to economical nuclear power.) A brief animated
section shows some of the engineering features and describes the
basic layout of the reactor and associated facilities. Detailed informa-
tion is presented on fuel-element fabrication and testing, grid-plate
fabrication, control-rod system testing, core-tank fabrication, thermal-
shield-ring fabrication, top plug fabrication, sodium pump inspection,
heat- exchanger and coolant-piping inspection, and fuel- handling system
checkout.
SRE CORE RECOVERY FOLLOWING FUEL-ELEMENT DAMAGE
See page 72
VALLECITOS BOILING WATER REACTOR (1958). 8 minutes, color.
Produced by Atomic Power Equipment Department, General
Electric Company, San Jose, California. For sale from Byron
Motion Pictures, at $25.36 per print, including shipping case,
F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film shows operation of the General Electric Vallecitos Boiling
Water Reactor and the Pacific Gas & Electric Company's turbine-
generator installation. Also included are views of the loading of the
reactor, interior of the reactor containment vessel, and the turbine-
generator installation. Reactor startup procedures and actual operating
sequences are shown, including closeupsof control and instrumentation.
RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS
ADVANCED TEST REACTOR (A Geneva -1964 film). 9 minutes, color.
Produced by Ebasco Services, Inc., Babcock & Wilcox Co., and
Phillips Petroleum Co. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, in
RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS 55
English, French, Spanish, or Russian, at $25.48 per print, in-
cluding shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. English version
for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
This technical film uses animation to show precisely how the USAEC's
250 Mw(t) Advanced Test Reactor design utilizes multiple flux traps to
achieve exceptionally high neutron density in nine independent test loop
positions. It describes the clover leaf, enriched fuel annulus that cir-
cumscribes the nine flux trap test positions, and the moving control
components which vary flux and power in each test position. ATR was
designed by Ebasco Services, Inc., as prime contractor, with Babcock &
Wilcox Co. as nuclear subcontractors. Phillips Petroleum Co. pre-
pared the conceptual design, and will operate the reactor.
THE ARGONAUT (1957). 1 5 V 2 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $52.42 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared for
television.
The Argonaut (Argonne's Nuclear Assembly for University Training) is
a low-power training- research reactor. This semitechnical film out-
lines the need for such a reactor in the USAEC's program and its ap-
plications to the International School of Nuclear Science and Engineer-
ing at Argonne. The design features, operation, and some of the many
applications are described.
ARGONNE FAST SOURCE REACTOR (1960). 9 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $24.68 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from the USAEC field libraries and Argonne National Labora-
tory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared for television.
The Fast Source Reactor is a laboratory source of neutrons not an
experimental reactor with a power level of 1000 watts. The film
describes the reactor assembly and its usefulness as a readily avail-
able source of neutrons in a wide range of flux levels and flux spectra.
The reactor was designed and built by ANL's Idaho Division at the
USAEC's National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho. By animation and
live action, information is given on the core and its positioning, two
methods of changing reactivity, the cooling system, the thermal
column, and the various access-beam holes. Its uses include the fol-
lowing: beams to test neutron spectrometers and checking complex
instrumentation prior to use in operating reactors.
56 RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS
ARGONNE GAMMA IRRADIATION FACILITY (1957). 20 minutes,
color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
from Byron Motion Pictures, at $35.56 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared
for television.
The Argonne Gamma Irradiation Facility utilizes the radiation from
fission products to provide a gamma irradiation flux up to 2 million
roentgens per hour for research purposes. Irradiation service is made
available to private and governmental research organizations. This
semitechnical documentary film shows how the intense gamma rays
from spent-fuel elements removed from the Materials Testing Reactor
are used at Argonne for irradiation services. The arrangement for
handling the fuel elements and the samples to be irradiated are de-
scribed. Pictures of the results of typical food irradiation studies are
included.
ARMOUR RESEARCH REACTOR (1958). IQ 1 / Z minutes, color.
Produced by Atomics International. For sale by Byron Motion
Pictures, at $54.33 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC head-
quarters and field libraries, and from Atomics International,
P. O. Box 309, Canoga Park, California. Cleared for television.
This film shows the design, fabrication, and operation of the first
private nuclear energy reactor designed specifically for industrial
research the 50, 000- watt solution type reactor built by Atomics
International for the Armour Research Foundation, Chicago.
BUILDING FOR ATOMIC ENERGY (1958). 21 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Savannah River Plant. For sale by
the Calvin Productions, at $71.00 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Kansas City, Mo. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and the Savannah River
Plant, Aiken, South Carolina. Cleared for television.
This semitechnical film covers the construction of the USAEC's
Savannah River Plant, the largest single construction project ever
undertaken by the USAEC. The picture shows the major structural
requirements created by the atomic production buildings; the various
types of supporting buildings and structures; and the wide application
of all phases of the construction industry required to build the plant.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE ARGONNE RESEARCH REACTOR (1955).
12 V 2 minutes, black and white.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS 57
from Colburn Laboratory, at $15.48 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Chicago, 111. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared for
television.
This film shows some of the important stages in the construction of
CP-5, the Argonne research reactor, which is a heavy-water reactor,
operating at a normal power level of 1000 kw. By showing various
stages in the construction of this reactor, the film illustrates many of
the important design features.
ENGINEERING TEST REACTOR ("Long Version") (1958). 22 min-
utes, black and white.
Produced by the USAF's Lookout Mountain Air Force Station for
the Idaho Operations Office of the USAEC. For sale by Byron
Motion Pictures, at $23.57 per print, including shipping case,
F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film discusses the design, construction, operations, and
some of the uses of the nation's largest and most advanced nuclear test
facility. Among other uses, the Engineering Test Reactor acts as a
research tool in the development of economic nuclear power by testing
effects of intense neutron and gamma- ray bombardment on the engi-
neering components of reactors under design.
ENGINEERING TEST REACTOR ("Short Version") (1958). 14 min-
utes, color.
Produced by W. A. Palmer Films Inc., San Francisco, Calif.,
for Kaiser Engineers, Oakland, Calif. For sale by Byron
Motion Pictures, at $46.81 per print, including shipping case,
F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film shows the design and erection of the USAEC 's Engineering
Test Reactor at the National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho. The
film, produced by Kaiser Engineers, is a shorter (14- minute) color
version of the subject matter similar to the USAEC -produced 22-
minute film of the same title.
THE MANY FACES OF ARGONNE See page 36
MIT RESEARCH REACTOR (1958). 18 minutes, color.
Produced by Ballantine-Horter, Boston, Mass., for ACF In-
dustries, Inc. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $58.03 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Avail-
able for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field li-
braries. Cleared for television.
58 RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS
This film is a step-by-step record of construction of the world's first
privately owned heavy-water research reactor, designed and built by
ACF Industries, Inc., for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
It is a 1000-kw heavy- water- moderated and -cooled CP-5 type reactor,
producing fluxes in excess of 10 13 neutrons/cm 2 /sec. It includes a
special medical therapy room providing new approaches to nuclear
medical research techniques. The film shows construction phases of
the reactor, associated nuclear equipment, containment shell, and
radiation shielding.
NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY REACTOR (1958). 21 minutes,
color.
Produced by the U. S. Navy Photographic Center for the U. S.
Naval Research Laboratory. For sale by DuArt Film Labora-
tories, at $67.05 per print. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries and the U. S. Navy.
Cleared for television.
This semitechnical film is a guided tour through the Naval Research
Laboratory's pool type, 100-kw research reactor facility in Washing-
ton. All visible components are pictured and described. Action includes
startup, operation of controls, and underwater shots of the Cerenkov
radiation. Composition of fuel elements, assembly of a core, and
methods of exposing samples are explained by cutaway drawings and
animation. Several experiments, representative of the type of research
performed with the reactor, are described.
NUCLEAR REACTORS FOR RESEARCH (1955). 15 minutes, color.
Produced by Atomics International. Not for sale. Available for
loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries or
Atomics International, P. O. Box 309, Canoga Park, Calif.
91305. Cleared for television.
This film explains the basic design of the small homogeneous water-
boiler reactor type and describes the components and the various
steps in the construction of a small homogeneous reactor. Operation
of the reactor is described, and research uses are illustrated.
OAK RIDGE RESEARCH REACTOR (1958). 20 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC 's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $65.68 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Cleared for television.
This film summarizes the components, facilities, uses, and operation
of the Oak Ridge Research Reactor, a tank type, heterogeneous reac-
tor, immersed in a pool, designed to operate at 20 to 30 Mw.
I
RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS 59
RESEARCH REACTORS USA (1958). 38 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by the Los Angeles Division, Lytle
Corp. Prints for sale (made from a master) from Byron Motion
Pictures, at $104.06 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. Prints for sale (made from the original) from
Lookout Mountain Air Force Station, at about $167.18. Available
for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
This semitechnical film presents, via live action and animation, a
summary of the major types of research reactors swimming pool,
tank, water boiler, and graphite moderated with descriptions of
their uses in research, industry, chemistry, physics, metallurgy,
biology, and medicine. Used as illustrations are the following reactors:
CP-5 (Argonne), University of Michigan reactor, Omega West (Los
Alamos), (Armour), Brookhaven, Argonaut (Argonne), 10- watt solution
type (Atomics International), and the solid- homogeneous (Aerojet-
General Nucleonics).
RESTORATION OF THE NRX REACTOR (1959). 23 minutes, black and
white.
Produced, under the close technical supervision of, the USAEC
and the Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., by the U. S. Department
of Agriculture, Motion Picture Service. For sale by the pro-
ducer, at $35.22 per print, including shipping case. Available
for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
This film discusses the 14-month repair and restoration of the NRX
Reactor at Chalk River, Ontario, following a rapid supe rope rational
power level excursion (the first nuclear reactor runaway in history)
and describes the 1959 safety system of the 40-Mw reactor. Film foot-
age made during actual restoration is supplemented by studio explana-
tion with a reactor model. Depicted are the unusual and hazardous
problems complicating repairs: high levels of radioactive contamina-
tion in work areas; continuation of water cooling on high irradiated
fuel rods to prevent auto- ignition; creation of disposal facilities in
subzero weather for a gross quantity of cooling water mixed with highly
active fission products; corrosion-inhibiting preservation of irradiated
fuel rods; decontamination of large pieces of equipment and reactor
components; and rebuilding a reactor that had not been designed
initially for major repair. Illustrated are unique methods and tools for
locating radioactive products lodged in piping and auxiliary equipment,
snaring and removing broken pieces of radioactive fuel rods, sup-
pressing large areas of residual building contamination, and removing
and decontaminating equipment, shielding, and heavy water. In addition
to persons interested in nuclear reactors, the film has particular
value to reactor technology and operation for assessing safety system
60 SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING
failure and associated problems and hazards of returning a reactor to
operation.
SPERT DESTRUCTIVE TEST, PART-I, On Aluminum, Highly Enriched
Plate Type Core (1965). 15 minutes, color.
Produced by Phillips Petroleum Company as contractor for the
USAEC at the National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho. For sale
by Telefilm Industries, at $75.62 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Hollywood, California. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. NOT cleared for
television.
This technical film documents the destructive test program of a highly
enriched, aluminum plate-type core in the SPERT-I reactor at the
National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho. Beginning with the initial
phases of the program, the film portrays special facility modifications
required and the design and testing of instrumentation. Transient
testing into the region of limited core damage is described, including
views of the resultant rippled, bowed, and melted fuel plates. Slow
motion studies, in both color and black and white, show the effects
of the final core destruction test on November 5, 1962. The post-
destructive core disassembly and examination is shown in detail, and
the film concludes with a summary of the reactor power, fuel tem-
perature, transient pressure, and energy release.
ZERO POWER REACTOR III (1958). 10 minutes , color .
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, at $39.12 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Washington, D, C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared for
television.
This technical film illustrates the Zero Power Reactor III (ZPR-HI)
.operating methods to study fuel configurations and their effect upon
critical assembly, particularly operation and current applications in
Argonne National Laboratory's Fast Reactor Program.
SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING
AIR AND GAS CLEANING FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY (1964). 30 min-
utes, color.
Produced by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For sale by Calvin
Productions, at $86.23 per print, including shipping case.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film portrays the need for, and development of, high
efficiency filters for the nuclear energy industry; the manufacture of
SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING 61
such filters; their inspection at USAEC Quality Assurance Stations
before installation at nuclear sites; the in-place testing of filters as
an effective contamination control program; and current research and
development in the area of high efficiency mechanical air cleaning.
The R&D activity, filmed at Harvard Air Cleaning Laboratory, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, and Edgewood Arsenal, covers iodine
collection systems; fine aerosol reaction on filters; in-pile and out-of-
pile fuel meltdown studies; the production and dispersion of solid
aerosols in an exploding wire aerosol generator; foam tests to en-
capsulate radioactive materials; rare gas absorption studies; experi-
ments with diffusion boards as a gas and particulate removal surface;
cleaning of stainless steel wool filters with shock waves; and the
dispersal of radioactive wastes by incineration.
ATOMS ON THE MOVE: TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MA-'
TE RIALS (1966). 20 minutes, color.
Produced by Robert E. Leamy Productions for the USAEC 's
New York Operations Office. For information about print sales,
inquire at the Audio Visual Branch, Division of Public Informa-
tion, USAEC, Washington, D. C. 20545. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
This non-technical film surveys the various means of transporting
radioactive materials and the safety aspects underlying their packaging
and handling. Using animation and live action photography, the film
illustrates that by their very nature, radioactive materials are varied
and so are the potential hazards associated with shipping and using
them. By evaluating the form of the material and the kind and the
quantity of radioactivity, one may determine how the materials are
properly packaged for shipment. Most radioactive materials are safely
shipped by common carrier. The film shows typical shipments enroute:
atoms on the move everyday, everywhere by train, truck, aircraft and
ship. Varied items are dealt with: ores; atomic fuel for reactors;
spent fuel being returned for processing; atomic weapons; radio-
isotopes for medicine, research and industry; and atomic wastes being
shipped for disposal. The film discusses responsibilities of agencies
such as the AEC, the ICC, Bureau of Explosives, Federal Aviation
Agency, Coast Guard and state and local offices. Also shown are some
aspects of safety research and development designed to limit the
consequences of an accident involving these materials. An accident
situation and clean-up are shown. We learn that radioactive materials
are invaluable tools and products in today's industry and in our daily
lives, and how modern transportation moves these materials quickly,
quietly, and safely.
EXPERIMENTS IN CONTROLLING BRUSH FIRES WITH DETERGENT
FOAM (1965). 6V 2 minutes, color.
62 SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Color Service, at $14.79 per print, including shipping case,
F.O.B. New York. Available for loan (free) from USAEC head-
quarters, field libraries, and Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois. Cleared for television.
Grass, brush, and forest fires cause an annual loss in the United States
close to a quarter billion dollars. This film describes a series of
tests by Argonne National Laboratory to explore the use of detergent
foam as a fire break. Experiments were conducted with the Fire Pro-
tection Department's forestry jeep, which has a 265-gallon water tank
and rotary gear pump. A detergent and water solution is sprayed on a
nylon mesh while air is forced through the openings in the mesh by a
large fan. This produces a detergent foam which has been expanded
approximately 1000 times. The foam is delivered through a canvas
tube at the rate of 5000 cubic feet of foam per minute. In these tests
detergent foam appeared to be effective.
FIRE FIGHTING IN THE NUCLEAR AGE (1960). 14 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by the Office of Information, Idaho
Operations Office, USAEC, and the Calvin Productions. For
sale by the Calvin Productions, at $68.50 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Kansas City. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
This film (produced primarily for fire departments, health officials,
and industrial personnel, under the supervision of the Health and Safety
Division of the Idaho Operations Office) points out that radiation is just
another hazard in fire fighting which can be handled with proper train-
ing. The film uses the USAEC Fire Department at the National Reactor
Testing Station in Idaho as the example, showing its training. Tech-
niques and procedures are illustrated in the fighting of a mock fire
created for this film: A constant air monitor automatically rings the
alarm when the fire reaches stored radioactive materials and radia-
tion is released; the fire headquarters check the building inspection
report to find out where radioactive materials are stored in the burn-
ing building; fire trucks approach the building upwind to avoid possible
airborne radiation; firemen don special protective clothing (i.e., shoe
covers, gloves, and self-contained respiratory masks) in addition to
standard protective gear; the entranceway to the burning building is
monitored before firemen enter, and frequent radiation checks are
made during the fire-fighting period; firemen observe time-distance-
shielding plan to protect themselves (remain in radiation area shortest
possible time, stay as far away from burning radioactive materials as
possible, place available shielding material between themselves and
the fire); each fireman is checked with a monitor as he leaves the fire;
all protective clothing is removed and stacked for monitoring and
SAFETY. WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING 63
decontamination; each man checks his film dosimeter to see if he was
exposed to radiation; fire-fighting equipment is checked for contamina-
tion; personnel are rechecked for radiation after removal of protective
gear; film badges are checked; and all personnel scrub down.
FUEL ELEMENT BURNING EXPERIMENT (1959). 24 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Idaho Operations Office and the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Motion Picture Service, for the
USAEC. For sale by the Motion Picture Service at $101.00 per
print, including shipping case. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film describes an experiment at the National Reactor Testing
Station, Idaho, in which aircraft reactor fuel elements, together with
other materials, were melted in a simulated aircraft crash. The
experiment consisted of two phases: the first (Phase A) used jet fuel
as the combustible and the second (Phase B) used Thermite to produce
high temperature to assure melting. In Phase A, melting did not occur,
and no radioactivity was released. In Phase B, melting did occur, with
the release of a small amount of activity (10,000 curies of fission
products) in the National Reactor Testing Station out to a distance of
V 2 mile. The total experiment provided preliminary experimental data
upon which to base further experiments and to make very preliminary
estimates of the hazards of mobile reactors in an accident situation.
(The film should be of interest to persons concerned with: the release
of fission products from radioactive fuel elements when the element is
completely melted; the results obtained by the destruction of fuel
elements containing significant fission products; development of air-
craft reactors; and generalized safety research. The film should be of
particular interest to personnel associated with organic- moderated
facilities in which fire hazard is a factor, radiological health and
safety activities, the Radiological Assistance Program, etc.)
GROUP SHELTER (1960). 10 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC's Civil Effects Branch by the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Motion Picture Service. For sale by
the producer, at $40.00 per print, including shipping case.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
This film, understandable to the lay audience, will be of interest to
both technical and nontechnical personnel concerned with the protection
of large groups from the effects of nuclear weapons. The film de-
scribes an underground corrugated- metal arch shelter design for the
protection of 100 persons for two weeks or more. Also shown, via a
model, are the aboveground entryway and the underground compart-
ments for sleeping, living, services, and utilities. The design, based
64 SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING
on experience gained during the 1957 effects tests at the Nevada Test
Site and subsequent engineering studies, is described in detail in
Civil Effects Test Operations Report CEX-58.7, "AEC Group Shelter."
HIGH ACTIVITY WASTE (A Geneva- 1964 film). 17 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $36.75 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
As the nuclear power industry expands, the handling and ultimate
disposal of high activity waste becomes of increasing importance.
This technical film describes newly developed methods for solidifying
high activity wastes, reducing their volume by a factor of 10, into
solids that are almost chemically inert. The process includes pot and
spray calcination, and the fluidized bed calciner with a capacity of 100
liters per hour of liquid waste. Techniques being developed to produce
glasslike solids from powdered wastes and directly from liquids are
also shown. The use of salt mines for disposal of solid wastes is
discussed.
KINETIC EXPERIMENT ON WATER BOILERS (1958). 15 minutes,
color.
Produced by Atomics International for the USAEC. For sale by
Byron Motion Pictures, at $54.63 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries, and Atomics Interna-
tional, P. O. Box 309, Canoga Park, California. Cleared for
television.
This film discusses a USAEC -sponsored study by Atomics International
of the dynamic behavior of the homogeneous solution type nuclear
reactor, demonstrating the inherent safety characteristics of aqueous
homogeneous reactors in the event of an unforeseen release of large
amounts of reactivity.
LIVING WITH A GLOVED BOX (1964). 15 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the
University of California. For sale by W. A. Palmer Films, at
$66.02 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. San Francisco.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries, as well as the Graphic Arts Dept., Lawrence Radia-
tion Laboratory, P. O. Box 808, Livermore, Calif. Cleared for
television.
Thic :jemitechnical film explains the principles and techniques of work-
ing with a gloved box an enclosure designed for handling radioactive
materials of low activity which present a hazard primarily through
SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING 65
inhalation and ingestion. The film opens with an explanation of how air
currents and turbulences carry various substances, some of which may
be hazardous. It shows why highly toxic materials like plutonium can
best be handled in a gloved box. The principles of the gloved box are
then explained in detail. Such items are covered as: the air flow and
pressures within the box; the "bagging in" and "bagging out" of mate-
rials; the procedures for changing gloves on the box; the changing of
the filter; and a method for handling a fire within the box.
LIVING WITH RADIATION (1958). 28 minutes, color.
Produced by Lookout Mountain Air Force Station, USAF, for the
USAEC's Idaho Operations Office. For sale (from master
material) from Byron Motion Pictures, at $92.59 per print,
including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C., or (from
original material) from Lookout Mountain Air Force Station,
USAF, at $172.40 per print, including shipping case. Available
for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
This semitechnical documentary film discusses in detail the radiation-
safety program of the national atomic energy program, using the
procedures at USAEC's National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho as
the typical illustrative example. The film covers the separation-
distance factor; the storage and/or dispersal of radioactive wastes;
protection of populations, water, crops, and livestock by air and
environmental monitoring; protection of workers by film badges,
protective clothing, radiation counters, shielding, remote- control de-
vices, decontamination procedures, and biochemical studies.
PRACTICE OF RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY (Radioisotopes Series) . . .
See page 76
PRIMER ON MONITORING (1949). 27 minutes, color.
Produced by the Film Dept., UCLA, West Los Angeles, Calif.,
for the University of California Medical Center. For sale from
Consolidated Film Industries, at $130.12 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Los Angeles. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries or UCLA. Cleared
for television.
The film discusses the basic makeup of atoms and the types of radio-
activity. Principles of radiation detection and measuring instruments
are displayed, including a method of calibrating survey meters. The
film also illustrates the penetrative ability of the various types of
radiation encountered in monitoring and sets forth radiation- monitor ing
procedures best used in a chemical laboratory. (Some of the instru-
ments used in this film are obsolete by current standards, although the
principles involved and discussed are still valid.)
66 SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY (Radioisotopes
Series) See page 75
RADIATION IN PERSPECTIVE (1963). 43 minutes, color.
Produced by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Motion Picture
Service, for the USAEC, under the technical direction of the
Commission's Division of Operational Safety. For sale by the
producer, at $194.00 per print, including shipping case. Avail-
able for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and the field
libraries. Cleared for television.
The film, in the form of a lecture by Commission Safety Engineer
Francis L. Brannigan, presents the salient points of an approach to the
understanding of the radiation problem which has been found useful for
persons requiring a layman's understanding of the nature of radiation
such as teachers' groups, public safety officials, transportation execu-
tives, insurance executives, service clubs, colleges and universities,
etc. The film will also be useful to those technically qualified, since it
demonstrates proven techniques for explaining the radiation hazard to
the layman.
Since it is basic to the acceptance of any hazard that some benefit is
expected from it, the lecture-film briefly summarizes some of the
beneficial uses of radioactive materials in medicine, agriculture,
industry, systems for nuclear auxiliary power, food sterilization that
justify acceptance of the hazard. The lecturer then explains briefly the
internal radiation problem, and in detail the external radiation prob-
lem. Information is given on ionization, background levels of radiation,
the roentgen, the various radiation levels required to produce imme-
diate injury and low-level radiation exposures over long periods of
time.
The lecturer discusses the somatic effects (on the individual) and
genetic effects (on future generations) and makes a comparison of the
acceptable-versus-dangerous levels for radiation with that of the
levels for carbon monoxide, to show the conservative nature of radia-
tion regulations. An explanation is given of time, distance, and shield-
ing and how they are used to control external radiation exposure. The
lecturer points out that the question is not radiation versus no radia-
tion, but rather how much more radiation exposure people can accept
consistent with the other hazards of our environment all balanced
against the tremendous industrial, medical and research benefits of the
nuclear age.
He summarizes and concludes: "Radiation is another of the hazards
with which we must deal as we make progress in our industrial age.
Radiation energy in quantity can damage living tissue. However, within
limits we can live with this problem so that we can obtain the benefits
of the atomic age. This parallels our acceptance of other hazards.
There is a tremendous spread between the routinely acceptable operat-
SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING 67
ing radiation levels and the dangerous levels many thousands of
times greater than the corresponding spread for other hazards. All
radiation contributes to but is not the sole cause of mankind's genetic
problems. The proportion due to atomic energy is very small. The
conclusion is clear: we can enjoy the benefits of the nuclear age with
safety to employees and the public."
RADIATION PROTECTION IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE . . See page 11
RADIOISOTOPES: SAFE SERVANTS OF INDUSTRY . . See page 27
RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY (Understanding The Atom Series) ....
" '. '. '. '. '. '. '. !~ See page 83
R-A-P: RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TEAMWORK IN
EMERGENCIES (1965). 26V 2 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by J. L. Feierbacher with the technical
assistance of AEC's Division of Operational Safety and AEC's
Idaho Operations Office. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
Despite the extensive precautions taken, accidents do happen with
radioactive materials. Through its Radiological Assistance Program
the AEC maintains a nationwide organization by which radiological
emergency assistance is made available. The detailed re-enactment
of the steps and measures taken to deal with these radiological emer-
gencies shows the operations of R-A-P teams as they put to work
their specialized professional skills and equipment. This documentary
film is aimed at the level of the educated layman employees of state
and local government, AEC and state licensees, personnel in the
transportation industry, the military services, Civil Defense workers,
and others concerned with emergency action involving radioactive
materials.
The R-A-P team's effectiveness is shown to be dependent on the
cooperation of other groups and individuals at different levels of
government and business. To illustrate this, the film portrays three
main incident stories: The first traces the hunt for a radioactive
source lost from a small industrial plant. The trail via aircraft and
police cars takes the R-A-P team to a municipal dump. The second
case is the problem of leaking radioactive vapor from a sealed system
in a research laboratory. The third is the story of a fire in a uranium
products plant that gives an R-A-P team the additional public informa-
tion job of coping with a community which mistakenly assumes it is
threatened with a disaster.
REACTOR SAFETY RESEARCH (A Geneva- 1964 film). 15 minutes,
color.
68 SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
by Byron Motion Pictures, in English, French, Spanish, or
Russian, at $44.49 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B.
Washington, D. C. English version available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This technical film shows that conservative design is characteristic of
nuclear power reactors, with elaborate safeguards to prevent the
improbable accident. It points out that through reactor safety research
the mechanisms of abnormal behavior, fission product release, chemi-
cal reactions, containment, and vapor cleanup systems are better
defined, providing a basis for improvement in design features and
reduction of costs.
REMOTE REPAIR AND MODIFICATION OF THE HRE-2 CORE
VESSEL See page 52
RESEARCH REACTOR SAFETY DEVICE (1958). 12i/ 2 minutes, color.
Produced by Atomics International for the USAEC. For sale by
Capital Film Laboratories, at $39.90 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries, and Atomics
International, P. O. Box 309, Canoga Park, California. Cleared
for television.
As a significant step in reactor safety work, Atomics International has
designed, built, and successfully tested a reactor safety "fuse," as part
of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission's reactor safety program. The
device, designed to provide absolute protection by shutting down "pool"
type reactors without the use of external controls, automatically and
almost instantaneously shuts down research reactors if an abnormal
operating condition occurs.
SAFETY EXPERIMENTS WITH A BOILING REACTOR" (1955). 19V 2
minutes, black and white.
Produced by USAEC's Argonne National Laboratory. For sale
from Colburn Laboratory, at $50.00 per print, including ship-
ping case, F.O.B. Chicago, 111. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters, field libraries, and Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, 111. Cleared for
television.
This film records a series of safety experiments with a prototype
boiling-water reactor, consisting of a pressure vessel containing an
assembly of uranium-bearing plates submerged in water, plus a con-
trol mechanism. The film shows a number of reactor excursions,
some of which expel the water from the reactor; the last experiment
shows the deliberate destruction of the reactor assembly, when the
reactor is allowed to "run away."
SAFETY. WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING 69
THE SL-1 ACCIDENT, PHASES 1 AND 2 (1962). 40 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC 's Idaho Operations Office by John
Feierbacher. For sale (with prior authorization from the Audio-
Visual Branch, Division of Public Information, USAEC) by
Byron Motion Pictures, at $113.14 (from the internegative)
per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington. Available
for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
NOT cleared for television, except with the express permission
of the USAEC.
This semitechnical film on the SL-1 accident at the National Reactor
Testing Station, Idaho, was produced primarily for nuclear industry
and other technical, semitechnical, and educated lay-level groups
interested in the Commission's work of studying and improving the
methods and techniques of handling nuclear emergencies. A combina-
tion of actual and reenacted scenes, the film presents a concise resume
of what happened and how the USAEC and its operating contractors
reacted to the situation, i.e., the activities associated with Phases 1
and 2 of the postaccident operations. (Phase 1 involved the location,
rescue, and recovery of the three personnel and the determination of
how much contamination had been released to the environment. Phase 2
involved determining whether the reactor was nuclearly safe.) Infor-
mation on Phase 1 includes the type of small nuclear-power plant;
training of military- reactor crews; search of the building by health
physicists and observation of radiation levels and wreckage; location,
rescue, and recovery of the three casualties; protective clothing and
equipment and decontamination procedures for rescue teams; en-
vironmental monitoring by aircraft, radio-controlled air- sampling
stations, film badges, radiation-detector readings, etc.; and collection
and radiochemical analysis of materials. Phase 2 activities include the
use of remote-controlled motion-picture and closed- circuit television
cameras to study the reactor (reactor head, nozzles, core, control-rod
shrouds, control-rod extensions and blades, fuel elements, central
control rod, etc.). The reactor was found to be nuclearly safe so
long as nothing was done to change its unmoderated condition. Radio-
chemical-activation analyses determined the nuclear- criticality origin
and -energy release of the explosion, decontamination of surrounding
roads, and confirmation that the accident had little or no adverse effect
on the environment outside the immediate reactor area. At no time was
there any serious hazard to people and animals, even in the close
vicinity of the SL-1 site. Results of the investigation of the accident
indicate a need for readily available high- range survey instruments,
careful use of health physicists, preplanning, etc.; in addition, im-
portant information on reactor technology and the administrative
procedures governing reactor development has resulted. Brief in-
formation is given on the start of Phase 3 work, involving the de-
70 SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING
contamination and disassembly of the reactor to determine what
destroyed it.
THE SL-1 ACCIDENT, PHASE 3 (1962). 57 minutes, color.
Produced by the USAEC's Idaho Operations Office, John L.
Feierbacher, consultant. For sale (with prior authorization from
the Audio-Visual Branch, Division of Public Information, USAEC)
by W. A. Palmer Films, Inc., at $202.88 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. San Francisco. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. NOT cleared for
television, except with the express permission of the USAEC.
This is a semitechnical motion picture sequel to the USAEC's earlier
film, "The SL-1 Accident, Phases 1 and 2" (1962). It is a factual and
historic documentary report on what was done with the SL-1 reactor
and building commencing about four months following the accidental
nuclear excursion that occurred January 3, 1961. It features a step-
by-step reenactment of the accident, animation of the events believed
to have taken place during and immediately following the excursion,
and a postulation of the cause. The film documents substantially the
recovery operations specified under contract with General Electric
Company, which was charged with: gathering evidence pertaining to
the accident; preparing the facility for core removal; recovery of the
reactor core for remote- control examination; demolition of the reactor
building; decontamination of the SL-1 site and restoration to habitable
status; and presentation of an accident analysis report to the USAEC.
Highlights of the film: a review of the SL-1 situation following
completion of Phases 1 and 2 recovery operations, including the
extent of radiation levels, their sources and locations; procedures and
time restrictions ensuring the safety of workers engaged in decon-
tamination and dismantling of reactor building; planning and construc-
tion of special burial ground for disposal of contaminated equipment;
boroscope examination of vessel interior; trial life of vessel viewed
by remote cameras; preparation of reactor building for removal of
vessel and core; actual lifting and removal of reactor vessel and core;
transporting the 13-ton vessel in a 20-foot-high concrete shielding
cask 40 miles to a giant hot shop; vessel and core dissection by re-
mote control viewed through thick shielding windows; laboratory
examination of central control blade and shroud; laboratory analysis of
boron strips, flux wires, fuel plates, etc.; maintenance crew reenacting
assembly of central control rod blade and drive mechanism at time of
accident; animated sequence showing succession of events postulated to
have taken place inside the reactor vessel upon triggering of the
excursion; explanation of the accident and verification of its overt
cause (sudden and excessive withdrawal of central control rod blade);
recapitulation of knowledge gained that may be helpful in dealing with
or preventing similar accidents in the future.
SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING 71
"The SL-1 Accident, Phase 3" is of special interest to adminis-
trative, technical, semitechnical, military, contractor, and licensee
personnel having responsibilities for the safe operation of nuclear
reactors.
SNAPTRAN 2/10A WATER IMMERSION TEST (1965). 20 minutes,
color.
Produced by Phillips Petroleum Company as contractor for the
USA EC at the National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho. For sale
by Telefilm Industries, at $88.75 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. Hollywood, California. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. NOT cleared for
television.
This semitechnical documentary film portrays a test which investi-
gated the effects of water immersion on a SNAP-lOA reactor, a sys-
tem designed to provide 500 watts of electric energy for powering
equipment in a space satellite. Such an accident conceivably could
occur if a SNAP-lOA reactor mission aborted on launch and the
reactor fell into water.
This film describes the basic components of the SNAP-lOA reactor,
its method of control, non-nuclear tests which established the reac-
tor's physical state after terminal velocity entry into water, and the
reactor's neutronic behavior when immersed in water. The testing site
and supporting facilities are described. Step-by-step coverage in-
cludes preparing the reactor for testing, reactor operation, and
preparations for the destructive test, including the functions of various
supporting groups.
Shown are actual control room action and immediate post-test
observation of the reactor remains by means of closed circuit TV.
The destructive test itself is shown from six vantage points, including
a variety of slow motion sequences, and ultra-high speed silhouette
photography of the reactor vessel expansion during disassembly.
Animation and live scenes explain reactor behavior during the test
and the subsequent radiological results. The information gained and
how this information can be applied to assess nuclear accidents is
discussed.
SPERT-I: REACTOR SAFETY EXPERIMENTS (1958). 32 minutes,
color.
Produced for the USAEC 's Idaho Operations Office by the
USAF's Lookout Mountain Air Force Station. Prints for sale
(made from a master) from Byron Motion Pictures, at $102.36
per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C.
Prints for sale (made from original material) by Lookout
Mountain Air Force Station, USAF, at $176.66. Available for
72 SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND MONITORING
loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
This technical film on reactor safety investigations involves use of the
Special Power Excursion Reactor Test (SPERT), a tank type, atmo-
spheric pressure, heterogeneous reactor. SPERT was designed pri-
marily for the study of reactor kinetics and safety parameters in
functionally similar reactors. The film illustrates a number of in-
tentionally induced power excursions.
SRE CORE RECOVERY FOLLOWING FUEL-ELEMENT DAMAGE
(1962). 29V 2 minutes, color.
Produced by Atomics International for the USAEC. For sale by
General Film Laboratories, at $95.00 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Hollywood. Available for loan (free) from
USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film, with animation, describes (1) design features of the Sodium
Reactor Experiment (SRE) near Santa Susana, California (designed,
constructed, and operated for the USAEC by Atomics International);
(2) important operations attainments; (3) circumstances in 1959 which
resulted in severe damage to the reactor core and release of about
10,000 curies of fission-product activity; (4) equipment, methods, and
procedures employed to contain gaseous atmospheres, to remove
radioactive debris (including pieces of fuel elements from the reactor
system), and to replace affected core-moderator cans; and (5) modifi-
cations made to prevent similar future difficulties. Included are actual
motion-picture scenes of the highly radioactive reactor core and
animation of fuel-element damage and breakage. A relatively small
number of men performed the recovery-work operations; none of the
men received more than the standard permissible amount of radiation
exposure, and there were no physical injuries. Demonstrated was the
fact that extensive maintenance work can be conducted on the entire
plant complex of a sodium- cooled nuclear-power reactor with a
reasonable degree of effort. Development of the devices and tech-
niques successfully utilized occupies an important position in reactor
technology and provides significant information for other types of
nuclear facilities.
TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, PART II, ACCI-
DENTS (1965). 34V 2 minutes, black and white.
Produced under the technical direction of the USAEC's Division
of Operational Safety. For sale by the U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Motion Picture Service, at $51.00 per print, in-
cluding shipping case. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
The film, in the form of a lecture by Commission Safety Engineer
Francis L. Brannigan, discusses the control of transportation acci-
SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL. AND MONITORING 73
dents involving radioactive materials. Liberal use is made of charts,
pictures, actual packages, and off-screen film footage to show that only
a small proportion of shipments of radioactive materials can present
any real danger in the event of accident. ICC shipping labels are
shown and explained and the regulations relating to individual packages
briefly discussed. A typical package is opened step-by-step from the
outer container down to the final inner container, holding a radioiso-
tope. Included is a simulated accident with a leaking container which
causes unnecessary alarm. A simulated accident which might cause
serious consequences is shown. The question of radioactive material
becoming airborne in an accident, the degree of hazard, and precau-
tions to be taken are then discussed. Radioactive contamination, ship-
ping of fissile materials, nuclear weapons accidents, and the avail-
ability of radiological assistance are discussed in turn.
TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, PART III, PRIN-
CIPLES OF REGULATION (1965). 15V 2 minutes, black and white.
Produced under the technical direction of the USAEC's Division
of Operational Safety. For sale by the U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Motion Picture Service, at $31.00 per print, in-
cluding shipping case. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. NOT cleared for television.
This film, in the form of a lecture by F. L. Brannigan and D. E.
Patterson, USAEC Safety Engineers, discusses the basic principles
underlying two sets of regulations for the transportation of radioactive
materials, those of the United States Interstate Commerce Commission
and those of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Using novel graphics, the speakers describe: Curie High Specific
Activity, Low Specific Activity, dilution concentration, and ionization.
A detailed explanation is given of the equation: "inherent ionizing
ability" multiplied by "availability" equals "hazard." Availability is
defined as the total mechanism by which the radioactive material gets
into a position to ionize living tissue.
Each of the two regulation systems is analyzed separately to show
how the form, packaging, and quantity of radionuclides of varying
inherent ionizing ability are manipulated to produce an acceptable level
of hazard. The framework presented is shown to be necessary for any
system of regulation.
THE WOODEN OVERCOAT (1965). 14 minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by the Sandia Corporation. For sale
by Calvin Productions, Inc., at $38.27 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Kansas City. Available for loan (free)
from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for
television.
74 RADIOISOTOPES SERIES
Because radioactive materials are being shipped throughout the world
in increasing quantities, research programs are being conducted to
develop shipping containers for radioactive materials which are
virtually accident- safe. In support of these programs, the United States
Atomic Energy Commission has asked its contractors to submit
designs for containers. Sandia Corporation of Albuquerque, New
Mexico, has designed and tested a wooden outer shell for existing
metal containers which will withstand a 30-foot drop, a one-hour
petroleum fire, and 24-hour water immersion without the seal of the
inner metal container of radioactive material being broken. This
technical film report shows the development and testing of the wooden
containers as well as the buildup of the containers from rings of ply-
wood. Photography of actual drop tests and fire tests is included to
demonstrate the resistance of the container to both impact shock and
fire exposure. Results of tests show that a container having six-inch
thick shells of fir plywood will adequately protect the inner metal
container of radioactive material.
RADIOISOTOPES SERIES
The following eight films, comprising "Radioisotopes"
Series, are black and white, cleared for television and are
for sale from DuArt Film Laboratories. Listed below, with
the description of each film, are the commercial sale
prices. There is a 10 per cent reduction for nonprofit
organizations and a 35 per cent reduction for government
agencies. The films were produced by the U. S. Army
Signal Corps for the Army Surge on -General, with the tech-
nical assistance of the USAEC, during the period 1949-
1952. The films are available on loan (free) from the
following Army sources only: (Please order from the
nearest library listed below using the USAEC head-
quarters library in Washington only if the other sources
do not have the films available. THESE FILMS ARE NOT
AVAILABLE FROM USAEC FIELD LIBRARIES.)
Commanding General Commanding General
First Army Third Army
Governors Island Ft. McPherson
New York, N. Y. 10004 Atlanta, Georgia 30330
Attn: Audio Visual Com- Attn: Audio Visual Com-
munications Center munications Center
Commanding General Commanding General
Second Army Fourth Army
Ft. George Meade, Ft. Sam Houston
Maryland 20755 San Antonio, Texas 76841
Attn: Audio Visual Com- Attn: Audio Visual Com-
munications Center munications Center
RADIOI.SOTOPES SERIES 75
Commanding General Medical Illustration Service
Fifth Army Armed Forces Institute of
Ft. Sheridan Pathology
Chicago, Ulinois 60035 Walter Reed Medical Center
Attn: Audio Visual Com- Washington, D. C. 20012
munications Center Attn: Audio Visual Com-
munications Center
Commanding General
Sixth Army
Presidio of San Francisco
San Francisco, California 94118
Attn: Audio Visual Com- A WREN NQT AVA ILABLE
munications Center
ELSEWHERE, USE:
Commanding General
Military District of Washington Audio- Visual Branch
Washington, D. C. 20305 Division of Public Information
Attn: Audio Visual Com- U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
munications Center Washington, D. C. 20545
FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIOACTIVITY (PMF-5145-A). 59 minutes.
Sale price: $76.74. For loan source see Army Field Library
Listing, page 74,
This film traces uranium from prospector to the USAEC. It shows how
uranium changes into other elements through radioactive decay and
through nuclear fission. Mention is made of Einstein's equation E =
me 2 , the atomic bomb, and use of nuclear power for industry. Stable
and radioactive isotopes are explained, with isotope charts and energy
level diagrams used to illustrate decay. Various radiations resulting
from nuclear changes are described in detail. The nuclear reactor is
described in terms of fission and moderation. Also shown are target
materials introduced into a typical nuclear reactor and withdrawn as
radioisotopes and the processing of fission products. More than fifty
terms and concepts are defined and explained.
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY (PMF-5145-liy
51 minutes.
Sale price: $66.36. For loan source see Army Field Library
Listing, page 74.
This film introduces concepts of internal and external and acute and
chronic radiation exposure by means of a historical sequence on
hazards associated with X-ray and radium therapy and radium-dial
painting. A discussion of ionization from external and internal sources
of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, with detailed explanations of
roentgen and "equivalent" or "energy" roentgen, is presented. Maxi-
mum permissible exposure and the theory of radiation- measuring in-
struments are also discussed. Formulas are developed for computing
dosage rates from internal sources. Concepts of single and continued
uptake, physical decay, and biological elimination of activity, biological
76 RADIOISOTOPES SERIES
half life, and effective half life are considered. The responsibility of
the radioisotope user to other members of the laboratory and to the
public is emphasized.
PRACTICAL PROCEDURES OF MEASUREMENT (PMF-5145-C). 48
minutes.
Sale price: $62.48. For loan source see Army Field Library
Listing, page 74.
This film explains the need for radiation measurements, the principles
and use of various types of instrumentation (with emphasis on the
Geiger-Mueller counter), and topics such as background, threshold
value, and plateau and counting statistics. Sample preparation is
demonstrated. The film also explains and demonstrates absolute and
comparative activity measurements.
PRACTICE OF RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY (PMF-5145-F). 33 minutes.
Sale price: $43.03. For loan source see Army Field Library
Listing, page 74.
This film depicts a visit through a radioisotope laboratory and dis-
cusses handling of radioisotope shipments; preparation of therapeutic
doses; need for, and function of, a local radioisotope committee;
laboratory design; decontamination; use of shielding; measurement of
personnel exposure, and other topics pertinent to health safety.
PROPERTIES OF RADIATION (PMF-5145-B). 68 minutes.
Sale price: $88.43. For loan source see Army Field Library
Listing, page 74.
This film shows a Geiger counter used to compare penetrations of
alpha, beta, and gamma radiation and to derive their characteristic
absorption curves. The beta- radiation section of the film presents the
cloud-chamber electrostatic generator and beta- ray spectrometer, as
well as the concepts of ionization, electron volt, beta- ray spectrum,
neutrino, scattering, nonlinear absorption, and density thickness (mg/
cm 2 ). The gamma- radiation section explains bremsstrahlung, photo-
electric effect, Compton scattering, pair production, exponential ab-
sorption, absorption coefficient, and half thickness. The final section
concerns the interpretation of composite absorption curves.
THE RADIOISOTOPE IN GENERAL SCIENCES (PMF-5147-C). 46
minutes .
Sale price: $59.87. For loan source see Army Field Library
Listing, page 74.
This film shows that the radioisotope is a research tool adaptable to
tracer investigations in all branches of general science by tracing
eight experiments illustrating how radioisotopes can be used in
metallurgy, chemistry, biochemistry, and plant physiology, shown in
UNDERSTANDING THE ATOM SERIES 77
the order of increasing complexity as follows: (1) self -diffusion of
solid copper; (2) study of vapor pressure over metallic silver; (3) ex-
change of chloride ions in solid and liquid; (4) exchange of sodium and
potassium through cell wall; (5) rearrangement of atoms within a
molecule, Wolff rearrangement of a diazoketone; (6) metabolism of
cholesterol from sodium acetate in liver; (7) fate of carbon atoms
during metabolism of glycine in blood; and (8) tracing the chemical
path of carbon during photosynthesis in algae. Methodology of tracer
research is illustrated, and techniques such as isotope dilution and
two-dimensional paper chromatography are introduced.
THE RADIOISQTOPE: METHODOLOGY (PMF-5145-D). 33 minutes.
Sale price: $43.03. For loan source see Army Field Library
Listing, page 74.
This film contains a historical sequence showing the early work of
Hevesy in studying plant metabolism with naturally occurring radio-
lead, after which it explains seven criteria for setting up a tracer ex-
periment: (1) radiochemical purity, (2) single chemical state, (3) elimi-
nation of exchange error, (4) knowledge of the degree to which the
labeled molecules remain intact, (5) avoidance of isotope effect,
(6) avoidance of chemical effects, and (7) avoidance of radiation ef-
fects. The film also illustrates the relative importance of economy of
time and materials and accuracy by depicting a typical biological
tracer experiment from the formation of an idea to the final results.
RADIOISOTOPES IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH (PMF-5147-B). 41
minutes.
Sale price: $53.41. For loan source see Army Field Library
Listing, page 74.
This film explains the following three classes of work: (1) use of 32 P in
large-scale field tests of fertilizers; (2) use of 60 Co in micronutrient
studies with large domestic animals (a related study concerning the
incorporation of inorganic cobalt into vitamin B 12 is included); and
(3) use of 45 Ca in macronutrient problems. The film also discusses
other ways in which radioisotopes are used in agricultural research.
Health safety procedures and techniques unique to large-scale field
and animal research are stressed.
UNDERSTANDING THE ATOM SERIES
This semitechnical lecture -film series is designed for
inclusion in a high-school senior -level chemistry or phys-
ics course, or it could be used as an introductional unit
in nuclear science at the college level. The lecture -
demonstrations are presented by Dr. Ralph T. Overman,
Chairman, Special Training Division of the USAEC's Oak
Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies.
78 UNDERSTANDING THE ATOM SERIES
ALPHA, BETA, AND GAMMA (1962). 44 minutes, black and white.
Produced by the former New York University Television Center
under the direction of the USAEC's Division of Isotopes Devel-
opment. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $47.12 per
print, including protective film treatment and shipping case,
F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
The film gives some insight into the origin and nature of alpha, beta,
and gamma radiation. After a short discussion of the methods of de-
scribing atoms and the introduction of the energy-level concept, the
lecturer introduces the potential -energy well model of the nucleus.
This, together with the barrier model, is used as the frame of refer-
ence for a variety of other nuclear concepts. The energetics in alpha
emission and the Gamow tunneling effect are used to describe alpha-
ray emission and the energy levels in the nucleus. The lecturer dis-
cusses neutron absorption leading to the formation of nuclei having
neutron proton ratios differing from stable or naturally occurring
nuclei. The transformation of excess neutrons into negative beta
radiation and the return to stability are considered in some detail.
Similarly, gamma radiation arising from a nuclear cooling process
is described. The nuclear well model is then used to introduce decay
schemes.
THE ATOM IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE (1964). 26 minutes, black and
white .
Produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, New
York City, under the direction of the USAEC's Division of Nu-
clear Education and Training and the Oak Ridge Institute of
Nuclear Studies. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $33.75
per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
This film is a lecture by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, Chairman of the U. S.
Atomic Energy Commission, who is introduced by Dr. Ralph T.
Overman, Chairman, Special Training Division of the USAEC's Oak
Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies and regular lecturer of the series.
Dr. Seaborg outlines briefly the types of experiments which were used
in the production of transuranium elements. These have been dis-
covered using exceedingly ingenious approaches involving quite com-
plex electronics and highly refined chemical techniques. Various
sources have been employed in producing the new elements. These
have included various types of accelerators, uranium reactors, and in
several cases the first production of elements was in weapons testing
experiments. The higher atomic number elements have been produced
by the bombardment of targets with nuclei such as boron and nitrogen.
Dr. Seaborg points out that elements not yet discovered will be char-
UNDERSTANDING THE ATOM SERIES 79
acterized by very short half lives and will require electronic means
for their testing rather than chemical techniques.
The film time discusses applications to other chemical problems
such as the mechanism of photosynthesis and the use of special
techniques such as isotope dilution analysis. Of considerable interest
also is the description of carbon- 14 dating.
The lecturer closes with a strong statement regarding the need for
scientists and the importance of good scientific training in schools.
NUCLEAR REACTIONS (1963). 29 l / 2 minutes, black and white.
Produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, New
York City, under the direction of the USAEC's Division of
Nuclear Education and Training. For sale by Byron Motion
Pictures, at $33.06 per print, including protective film treat-
ment and shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available
for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and the nine field li-
braries. Cleared for television.
This segment of the series continues the discussion of the film "Under-
standing the Atom: Alpha, Beta, and Gamma," and involves some of the
basic concepts of nuclear reactions. Use is made of the nuclear well
model as a useful teaching diagram. Neutron capture processes are
described with the gamma emission and particle ejection reactions
being studied. Nuclear fission is also discussed. As an example of the
calculations involved in nuclear reactions, the film describes the
activation of a gold sample in a nuclear reactor. Emphasis is placed
on the minute quantities which can be detected with the subsequent
applications to the technique of activation analysis. It is shown that
hundredths of a part per billion of certain materials can be detected by
nuclear techniques.
PROPERTIES OF RADIATION (1962). 30 minutes, black and white.
Produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, New
York City, under the direction of the USAEC's Division of
Isotopes Development. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at
$32.06 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington,
D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and
field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film includes a discussion of general problems of radiation
decay, such as the laws of radioactive decay, including the concept of
half life. Statistical considerations are introduced, and the basic notion
of the standard deviation in counts expected in various experiments is
described. The energy spectrum from alpha and beta emitters is
considered, and the use of absorption curves to study the energy
distribution of beta radiation is introduced. The density thickness
expressed in milligrams per square centimeter is introduced as a
useful term. The film also considers problems of self-absorption,
specific activity, and back-scattering of radiation.
80 UNDERSTANDING THE ATOM SERIES
RADIATION AND MATTER (1962). 44 minutes, black and white.
Produced by the former New York University Television Center
under the direction of the USAEC's Division of Isotopes Devel-
opment. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $45.95 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Avail-
able for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field li-
braries. Cleared for television.
The film, which considers the interaction of radiation with matter,
develops the various processes by which alpha, beta, and gamma
radiation give up energy to their surroundings. The similarities and
differences of alpha and beta particles are considered, with emphasis
on the methods by which ionization occurs. It is pointed out that, since
the interaction of radiations in the absorption process takes place
essentially only with orbital electrons of the atoms, the density of
electrons in matter is the determining factor. The relation between
energy of a particle and the number of ion pairs formed is also ex-
plained. The lecturer follows with a discussion of gamma, or elec-
tromagnetic radiation, which is described as a nonionizing event in
terms of the initial interaction between photons and atoms. Four
possibilities of gamma-ray absorption (excitation, photoelectric effect,
Compton effect, and pair production) are discussed. The viewer, how-
ever, is alerted to the fact that there is only a certain probability that
one particular process may take place rather than another, depending
upon the energy of the gamma ray. This probability, expressed as
absorption coefficient, is then related to each of the four absorption
processes.
RADIATION DETECTION BY IONIZATIQN (1962). 30 minutes, black
and white.
Produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, New
York City, under the direction of the USAEC's Division of
Isotopes Development. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at
$32.53 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington,
D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and
field libraries. Cleared for television.
The basic principles of ionization detectors are described, particularly
in relation to the pulse height as a function of voltage curves. Brief
descriptions of ionization chambers, proportional counters, and Geiger
counters are included, and examples of instruments operating in these
regions are shown. Special consideration is given to Geiger counters,
including the mechanism of gas quenching and the determination of a
counting- rate plateau. The resolving time of a counter is discussed, as
well as various components of a practical instrument, including
amplifiers and sealers.
RADIATION DETECTION BY SCINTILLATION (1962). 30 minutes,
black and white.
UNDERSTANDING THE ATOM SERIES 81
Produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, New
York City, under the direction of the USAEC's Division of
Isotopes Development. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at
$31.77 per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Washington,
D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and
field libraries. Cleared for television.
A short review of gamma interactions with matter is shown, with
particular reference to useful scintillation crystals. The scintillation
process is described, and the efficiency of the conversion of gamma
radiation to visible light in the scintillator is discussed. Solid and
liquid scintillators are shown along with special detection devices
using this principle. A description of the operation of a photomultiplier
tube is given, and the concept of pulse height is developed. The prin-
ciple of operation of a pulse-height analyzer is shown, and the spec-
trum obtained with such an instrument is shown and discussed. Brief
mention is made of solid-state radiation detectors.
RADIQISOTOPE APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY (1964). 2Q 1 /^ minutes,
black and white.
Produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, New
York City, under the joint direction of USAEC's Divisions of
Isotope Development and Nuclear Education and Training. For
sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at $28.98 per print, including
shipping case, F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan
(free) from USAEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared
for television.
This film discusses some of the practical, simple, and easily under-
stood methods of putting radioisotopes to work in industry. The
program features Dr. Paul C. Aebersold, Director, Division of Isotope
Development, USAEC, who is introduced by Dr. Ralph T. Overman,
Chairman, Special Training Division of the USAEC's Oak Ridge Insti-
tute of Nuclear Studies and regular lecturer of the series. Using
actual radioisotope sources, Dr. Aebersold gives various demonstra-
tions of the degree of their penetrating radiations, the extent to which
several types of materials can reduce them and the sensitive methods
of detecting them. He explains how the principles involved in the
demonstrations are applied to practical uses in industry. Narrating
over film, he tells of the actual use of radioisotope gauges in tire
plants and steel mills, of radioisotope tracers used in the petroleum
and chemical industries, of radioisotope density gauges used in food
plants and of other uses of radioisotopes in industry which improve the
efficiency of production and the quality of the product.
RADIOISOTOPE APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE (1964). 26 minutes,
black and white.
Produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, New
82 UNDERSTANDING THE ATOM SERIES
York City, under the joint direction of the USAEC's Divisions of
Isotope Development and Nuclear Education and Training, and
the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies. For sale by Byron
Motion Pictures, at $31.50 per print, including shipping case,
F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film traces the development of the use of radioisotopes and
radiation in the field of medicine from the early work by Hevesy to
the present. The program is presented by Dr. John Cooper of North-
western University, who is introduced by Dr. Ralph T. Overman,
Chairman, Special Training Division of the USAEC's Oak Ridge Insti-
tute of Nuclear Studies and regular lecturer of the series. Dr. Cooper's
discussion includes the areas of medical research, diagnosis, and
therapy. The source of cholesterol in the human body and the applica-
tions of this basic information to clinical studies of atherosclerosis is
described. Similarly, studies with cobalt-labeled vitamin B-12, used
to study pernicious anemia, are also discussed. Most of the informa-
tion now known about thyroid physiology and pathology has been de-
termined with the aid of various iodine radioisotopes, and standard
diagnostic measurements and scanning are described in the film.
Brain tumor localization is also covered. A very important area of
radioisotope use is the determination of a variety of body fluid volumes
such as blood and plasma. Red cell volume and lifetime can also be
measured using labeled cells. The film explains how radioisotopes are
used for the treatment of various diseases, including hyperthyroidism
and cancer.
RADIOISOTOPES IN BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE (1964). 26 min-
utes, black and white.
Produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, New
York City, under the joint direction of USAEC's Divisions of
Isotope Development and Nuclear Education and Training, and
the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies. For sale by Byron
Motion Pictures, at $32.54 per print, including shipping case,
F.O.B. Washington, D. C. Available for loan (free) from USAEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film is a lecture by Dr. Howard Curtis of Brookhaven National
Laboratory, who is introduced by Dr. Ralph T. Overman, Chairman,
Special Training Division of the USAEC's Oak Ridge Institute of Nu-
clear Studies and regular lecturer of the series. Dr. Curtis touches
on some of the up-to-date applications of atomic energy to biology and
agriculture. Reference is made to the importance of radioisotopic
tracers in the determination of the structure and role of nucleic acids
and other cellular components. This work is done either with various
types of counters or autoradiography. For example, the position of
UNDERSTANDING THE ATOM SERIES 83
DNA in the cell has been determined quite specifically. This informa-
tion has been exceedingly important in the breaking of the genetic
code by determining the area of the sub units on- the backbone of the
genetically important molecules. Similarly, the structure of proteins
has been determined using radioactive tracers. In addition to tracer
applications, a great deal of information has been gained by studying
radiation effects. This has been important both from the standpoint of
fundamental knowledge about growth and also the practical applications
of economically important mutations. Interesting examples of plant
breeding projects are shown. In the animal sciences, important in-
formation on the study of aging has come out of the use of radiation as
a stress. Various theories of aging have been tested, and it appears
that aging is primarily associated with the damage to chromosomes.
If the DNA is damaged, animals grow older because of basic instability
of DNA. Other examples of the importance of radiation to molecular
biology are shown.
RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY (1963). 30 minutes, black and white.
Produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, New
York City, under the direction of USAEC's Division of Nuclear
Education and Training. For sale by Byron Motion Pictures, at
$33.06 per print, including protective film treatment and ship-
ping case. Available for loan (free) from USA EC headquarters
and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This film examines the field of radiological safety or health physics,
and tries to give a basis for a perspective on potential biological ra-
diation damage. It first considers background radiation and the nature
of the difference in this radiation. Larger doses of radiation can be a
potential cause of both somatic (direct bodily) damage and genetic
(hereditary) damage, and consideration is given to the maximum
permissible limits or radiation guide levels which have been estab-
lished by various radiological protection committees and the Federal
Radiation Council. Various units are described, with these including
the roentgen, the rad, and the rem. The latter unit is a measure of the
biological dose equivalent and considers the relative biological effec-
tiveness (RBE) of the radiation. Consideration is also given to the
maximum permissible concentration of radioisotopes in water or air,
and the problems involved in the localization of radioactive materials
in the body. Various factors that must be controlled in reducing the
radiation hazard include the quantity of radioactive material, the
distance, the time of exposure, and shielding. Internal exposure must
be minimized by the use of special laboratory facilities and techniques
which are required to minimize the admission of radioactive isotopes
into the body. The importance of having calibrated instruments avail-
able is stressed in any program involving the use of radiation sources.
84 GENEVA, 1964 FILMS
GENEVA, 1964 FILMS
These 24 films, described in the Subject Category list-
ings, were produced especially for professional audience
showings at the Third United Nations International Con-
ference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, held in
Geneva, Switzerland, 1964.
Advanced Test Reactor See page 54
Civilian Applications of Nuclear Explosives See page 27
Counting Whole Body Radioactivity See page 8
Diagnosis and Therapy with Radiation See page 8
EBR-II Fuel 'Facility See page 19
Fast Reactor Development See page 44
Fusion Research See page 34
Heavy Particle Beams in Medicine See page 8
High Activity Waste See page 64
High Energy Physics Research See page 35
Neutron Activation See page 36
Neutron Diffraction See page 37
Nuclear Reactor Space Power Systems See page 2
Nuclear Ship Savannah, The See page 48
Operating Experience Dresden See page 48
Operating Experience Hallam . Seepage 49
Operating Experience Indian Point See page 49
Operating Experience Yankee See page 49
Plutonium Recycle .* * . v See page 23
GENEVA, 1964 FILMS 85
Power Reactor Experience in the United States . . . See page 51
Radiation Effects in Chemistry See page 39
Reactor Safety Research . '. i See page 67
Scintillation Camera, The See page 13
Thorium- 233 U Utilization . . . . . ... . . . See page 25
ADDITIONAL TITLES
This section contains detailed information and full
descriptions on films released since the publication
of the 1965 edition.
1966-67 NEW FILMS
AERO-SPACE PROGRAMS:
SNAP (Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power)
FIRST REACTOR IN SPACE: SNAP-10A (1966) 14V 2
minutes, color.
Produced for the USAEC by Atomics International.
For sale by Hollywood Film Enterprises, Inc., 6060
Sunset Blvd., Hollywood, Calif. 90028, at $40.40 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Hollywood.
Available for loan (free) from the USAEC head-
quarters and field libraries nationwide, and, in
California, also from the Library, Atomics Interna-
tional, P. O. Box 309, Canoga Park, Calif. 91304.
Development, launch and results of the world's first nuclear
reactor power system to operate in space are described in
this semi -technical film, which will be of interest to a
wide range of audiences, including high schools. The SNAP -
10A unit, consisting of a nuclear reactor and power
conversion unit, was thrust into a 700 nautical mile, nearly
circular orbit in April 1965 from Vandenberg Air Force
Base, California, by an Atlas-Agena vehicle. Following
remote start-up, the power plant was operated successfully
for 43 days and produced more than 500,000 watt-hours of
electricity.
The SNAP program (Systems s for Nuclear Auxiliary
Power) is being conducted by the USAEC to fill the need
for long-lived sources of electrical power in space
sources not dependent on sunlight or affected adversely by
the harsh environment of space. Other types of SNAP units
also have application on land and in the sea. The power
generated by SNAP-10A in space was used primarily to
provide power for on-board experiments. But future SNAP
reactor systems can supply power for many important
purposes such as to power communication systems,
collect scientific data, conduct experiments in space, and
supply electricity for life support systems on extended
manned missions.
SNAP-10A, a compact reactor, is coupled to a thermo-
electric converter -radiator unit which converts heat from
fission in the reactor directly into electricity. The heat is
transferred to the power conversion unit by a liquid metal
coolant, an alloy of sodium and potassium. The SNAP-10A
system generates approximately 500 electrical watts.
1966-67 NEW FILMS 89
The motion picture also describes safety of the SNAP
reactor during fabrication, testing, transport, installation,
launch and use in space, as well as data obtained from the
flight. Detailed sequences filmed at Atomics International
on fabrication and testing show the simplicity and com-
pactness of the reactor.
See also "SNAPSHOT," a film issued at the time of the
launch, which describes pre-flight preparations, develop-
ment, testing and qualification system tests in greater
detail.
SNAP-8: SYSTEM FOR NUCLEAR AUXILIARY POWER
(1966). 10 minutes, color.
Produced by the Aero jet -General Corporation.
Queries on sale of prints should be directed to
Aerojet -General Corporation, Von Karman Center,
Azusa, California 91703. Available for loan (free)
from AEC headquarters and field libraries. Cleared
for television.
In order to travel in space, man must take his own environ-
ment with him. This requires power to supply oxygen,
drinking water, air conditioning, lighting and to operate
communication systems; in short: power to maintain equip-
ment and sustain life itself. Simulating the earth's environ-
ment is by no means a new idea. Crews of nuclear sub-
marines live in health and comfort for months at a time
while submerged in a hostile environment. This is possible
because nuclear energy provides a source of continuous,
uninterrupted power. Space voyagers, too, need this same
kind of power, and this is where SNAP-8 comes in using
a mercury -vapor turbo -generator system to convert heat
from a nuclear reactor into useful electricity.
The film shows the principal components and, in anima-
tion, illustrates and explains the operation of the system.
Actual fabrication of components and subsystems is also
shown, as well as the extensive testing programs currently
underway. Thus, SNAP-8 is not a drawing on a drafting
table, but a technological reality. Animation sequences are
used to depict potential missions of the SNAP-8 system,
including power for: TV satellites to broadcast all over the
earth, orbiting space stations to support earth observation
and space research, maintenance of permanent lunar
bases, and manned explorations beyond the moon.
90 1966-67 NEW FILMS
VELA
OPERATION LONG SHOT 13 minutes, color.
Produced for the Defense Atomic Support Agency of
the Department of Defense by the U. S. Air Force. For
sale by Lookout Mountain Air Force Station, USAF,
8935 Wonderland Ave., Hollywood, Calif. 90046, at
$52.19 (1 print), $42.83 (2-10 prints), including
shipping case. Available for loan (free) from AEC
headquarters and field libraries. Cleared for televi-
sion.
This film reports on an Advanced Research Project Agency
(ARPA) experiment of the Vela Uniform series executed
by the Defense Atomic Support Agency (DASA), with the
support of the Department of the Interior and the US AEC.
Operation Long Shot, an underground nuclear test in the
fall of 1965, was conducted on Amchitka, close to the
western end of the Aleutian Islands.
The objective of Vela Uniform is to increase the U. S.
capability to detect, identify and locate underground nu-
clear detonations at intercontinental ranges. The primary
objective of Long Shot was to investigate possible travel-
time anomalies associated with seismic events occurring
in island -arc structures. Such anomalies could seriously
affect the accuracy of locations made by long range
seismic measurements. Another objective was to compare
the seismic signatures of man -mad e x versus natural events
(earthquakes) occurring in such complex geologic struc-
tures.
The film gives details on core drilling, methods to assure
safe containment, nature of the rock, lowering of the
casing, lowering of the nuclear device, stemming opera-
tions, seismic instruments in the close-in monitoring
program, the long-range seismic measurement program in
Alaska, Canada, the United States and elsewhere in the
world, the detonation, and measurements and results.
BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
EXTRACORPOREAL IRRADIATION OF BLOOD AND
LYMPH (1966) . 7V 2 minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Brookhaven National Labora-
tory. For sale by B & O Film Specialists, 619 West
54th Street, New York, New York 10001, at $45.63
per print, including shipping case, F.O.B. New York
1966-67 NEW FILMS 91
City. Available for loan (free) from the USAEC
headquarters and field libraries nationwide. Cleared
for educational television.
This film, made at AEC's Brookhaven National Labora-
tory, shows how blood and/or lymph may be irradiated in
a well -shielded gamma ray source outside of the body
through a closed circuit of teflon tubes from artery to
vein. New surgical techniques and plastic methodology
have made this tool available for extensive research in
experimental animals as well as in human beings. The
basic principle concerns the relative radiation resistance
of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and the radiation sensi-
tivity of the normal white cells (lymphocytes). The tech-
nique, known as extracorporeal irradiation, is still experi-
mental. It may prove to be of some therapeutic value to
patients with leukemia and severe kidney disease.
Surgeons working in the operating room section of the
experimental animal barn are shown fitting a calf with an
external loop of teflon linking the carotid artery to a vein.
The loop may be enlarged to include a cobalt-60 or a
cesium-137 irradiation source. Before the irradiator is
added to the loop, the animals are injected with heparin
to prevent clotting of the blood during its flow past the
source and back into the animal.
A similar method for irradiation of lymph fluid outside
the body employs an external plastic loop from thoracic
lymphatic organs to a vein. The lymphocytes an integral
part of the foreign tissue rejection mechanism may be
depleted by extracorporeal irradiation, thus interfering
with the normal body reaction of rejection of transfused
blood, skin grafts, or organ transplants, etc. The final
scenes show a human patient with chronic mylocytic leu-
kemia receiving treatment.
RETURN TO BIKINI (1966). 23% minutes, color.
Produced for the AEC by the Laboratory of Radia-
tion Biology, University of Washington. For sale by
the Motion Picture Service, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 20250, at $97 .00 per
print, including shipping case. Available for loan
(free) from the USAEC headquarters and field li-
braries. Cleared for television.
Describes the latest scientific survey by a team from the
Laboratory of Radiation Biology of the University of
Washington to determine the condition of Bikini and Eni-
92 1966-67 NEW FILMS
wetok atolls six years after the last nuclear test detona-
tions, and how it is found that there has been tremendous
recovery to the biological processes that form the life
chain linking man with the tiniest plants, fish and animals
in the atolls.
Under an AEC contract, scientists of the University
have been studying the biological after-effects of nuclear
tests at the mid-Pacific atolls intermittently since 1946.
Returning in August 1964, the team of biologists sets out
to determine how much radiation remains, what changes
have occurred on the reefs, what has happened to birds,
land animals and to fish in the lagoons, and what kinds of
plants have come back.
The scientists find that: the islands are once again lush
with vegetation, external radiation levels have dropped to
levels safe for people and the radioactive burdens in
animals and plants are low, rainwater in the soil is safe
for drinking, coconut trees are increasing again, all the
expected species of fish and sealife are to be found, birds
are thriving, and that the sea surging through the coral
reefs has cleaned, restored and nourished the atolls.
The scientists conclude that the gross results of nuclear
testing are fading, and what little biological damage re-
mains is rapidly healing.
FUELS, PROCESSING,
AND METALLURGY
SHEAR-LEACH PROCESS FOR SPENT NUCLEAR FUELS
(1966). 11 minutes, color.
Produced by AEC's Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
For sale by Calvin Productions, Inc., 1105 Truman
Road, Kansas City, Mo. 64106, at $29.45 per print,
including shipping case and protective coating, F.O.B.
Kansas City, Mo. Available for loan (free) from the
USAEC headquarters, field libraries nationwide, and
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn.
Cleared for television.
Illustrates the development at Oak Ridge National Labora-
tory of the Shear -Leach Process, a mechanical method for
reprocessing spent stainless steel or zircaloy-2 clad
power reactor fuels. The various parts of the equipment
are portrayed, as well as the operation of the Shear -Leach
with unir radiated fuel. The film also summarizes data
1966-67 NEW FILMS 93
obtained from various shearing and leaching tests con-
ducted at ORNL.
PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR
EXPLOSIVES (PLOWSHARE)
SAFETY IN THE PLOWSHARE PROGRAM (1966). 22
minutes, color.
Produced by USAEC's Nevada Operations Office.
For sale by Consolidated Film Industries, 959
Seward St., Hollywood, Calif. 90038, at $67.83 per
print, including shipping case, F.O.B. Hollywood.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters
and field libraries. Cleared for television.
This motion picture, which is a companion piece to the
USAEC film "Plowshare," documents the means taken to
ensure the safety of the public during experiments or
projects in the U. S. program to develop peaceful uses of
nuclear explosives. The film relates the effects of under-
ground explosions to the varying purposes for the explo-
sions and to public safety.
Nuclear explosives, precisely controlled, are powerful,
compact and relatively inexpensive sources of energy
which may help produce oil and gas, mine minerals, dig
harbors, canals, and mountain passes, and provide im-
portant scientific knowledge. Each of these applications
uses one or more of the effects of nuclear explosions:
heat, explosive force and radiation. The film explains that
to allow for the safe and dependable use of nuclear explo-
sives, each of these effects must be thoroughly understood.
The effects, their safety implications, and the precautions
taken for public safety are demonstrated.
The film explains that technical advances in the design
of Plowshare explosives make it possible to reduce to a
very small amount the radioactivity produced by an explo-
sion. In cratering explosions, methods of emplacing the
explosive underground result in the release to the atmo-
sphere of only a small part of the radioactivity produced.
In these explosions, as well as in explosions which are
contained completely under the earth's surface, contamina-
tion of underground water supplies does not appear to be
a major problem.
Other effects of nuclear explosions ground shock, air
blast, and dust clouds require safety procedures similar
94 1966-67 NEW FILMS
to those taken in many large-scale conventional construc-
tion projects. Site choice, weather selection, and, in
certain cases, temporary relocation of inhabitants are
precautions taken to ensure the public safety.
The motion picture goes through the steps that would be
taken in any Plowshare project to protect the public and
its property. The film shows the care and planning
exercised in a particular project from the initial safety
analysis, to advisory opinions from other government and
independent scientists, to final review and approval.
POWER REACTORS
ATOMIC POWER TODAY: SERVICE WITH SAFETY (1966).
28^/2 minutes, color.
Produced for the Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc., and
the USAEC by Seneca Productions, Inc., 21 West
46th Street, New York, N. Y. 10036. For sale by
DuArt Film Laboratories, Inc., 245 West 55th Street,
New York, N. Y. 10019, at $73.01 per print, includ-
ing shipping case, F.O.B. New York, N. Y. Available
for loan (free) from AEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
The motion picture tells the story of central station atomic
power plants and how they serve the country now and will
continue to do so in the future. Starting with basic informa-
tion on how electricity is produced from water power and
fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal, the film introduces
atomic fuel as a vast new energy resource that helps keep
down the cost of electricity. The film shows atomic fuel
being fabricated and, through animation, how it is put to
work in a nuclear reactor to produce heat which will
ultimately be used to produce electricity.
The safety aspects of atomic power, including both
natural and engineered safeguards, as well as the demand
for dependability by the operating utility and by the cus-
tomer, are discussed. We see utility conferences relating
to a proposed atomic power plant and the care that goes
into design and planning.
Since a permit from the AEC is needed before a nuclear
power plant may be built, we follow the utility's applica-
tion through the AEC regulatory review process: public
documentation, review by the AEC Regulatory Staff, another
1966-67 NEW FILMS 95
review by the AEC's Advisory Committee on Reactor
Safeguards and, finally, a public hearing conducted by an
AEC Atomic Safety and Licensing Board. With the approval
of the Board and the AEC, construction begins. We see the
components of the reactor and associated equipment begin
to take shape. Finally, as we see the completed structure,
we learn that special operating teams are trained and
licensed, and that another AEC review is necessary before
an operating license is granted the utility.
Further safety considerations are explored, showing
some of the relevant equipment and systems. We learn
why it is impossible for a nuclear reactor to blow up like an
atomic bomb. The main safety consideration is in maintain-
ing the isolation of the radioactive fission products formed
during normal operation. We learn that 99.99 percent of
these ashes remain tightly locked within the fuel, and the
fuel is removed about once a year from the plant site. The
film also deals with handling of wastes and controlled
release of material to the environment on a planned basis,
according to Federal Safety Regulations.
When the plant finally goes "on the line," it joins other
atomic power plants across the nation providing dependable
electricity for our many needs. We see a sampling of these
plants and the communities they serve, demonstrating that
atomic power is here today, providing for our present and
future electrical power needs.
SAFETY, WASTE DISPOSAL,
AND MONITORING
ATOMS ON THE MOVE: THE TRANSPORTATION OF
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (1966). 24 minutes, color.
Produced by Benni Korzen Productions, N. Y., for
the US AEC's New York Operations Office. For sale
by DuArt Color Corporation, 245 W. 55th St., New
York, N. Y., at $59.34 per print, including shipping
case, F.O.B. New York City. Available for loan
(free) from US AEC headquarters and field libraries.
Cleared for television.
This nontechnical film surveys the various means of
transporting radioactive materials and the safety aspects
underlying their packaging and handling. Using animation
and live action photography, the film illustrates that by
their very nature, radioactive materials are varied and
96 1966-67 NEW FILMS
so are the potential hazards associated with shipping and
using them. By evaluating the form of the material and
the kind and the quantity of radioactivity, one may deter-
mine how the materials are properly packaged for ship-
ment. Most radioactive materials are safely shipped by
common carrier. The film shows typical shipments enroute:
atoms on the move everyday, everywhere by train, truck,
aircraft and ship. Varied items are dealt with: ores;
atomic fuel for reactors; spent fuel being returned for
processing; atomic weapons; radioisotopes for medicine,
research and industry; and atomic wastes being shipped
for disposal. The film also discusses responsibilities of
agencies such as the AEC, the ICC, Bureau of Explosives,
Federal Aviation Agency, Coast Guard and state and local
offices. Also shown are some aspects of safety research
and development designed to limit the consequences of an
accident involving these materials. An accident situation
and clean-up are shown. We learn that radioactive ma-
terials are invaluable tools and products in today' s industry
and in our daily lives, and how modern transportation
moves these materials quickly, quietly, and safely.
CONTROLLING RECORDS FIRES WITH HIGH EXPANSION
FOAM (1966). 13 minutes, color.
Produced by AEC's Idaho Operations Office. For
sale by Calvin Productions, Inc., 1105 Truman Road,
Kansas City, Mo. 64106, at $34.68 per print, includ-
ing shipping case, F.O.B. Kansas City, Mo. Available
for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters and field
libraries. Cleared for television.
This documentary film is a simplified description of high-
expansion foam and its characteristics as a fire-fighting
agent, particularly with respect to fires involving paper
and photographic records in typical open file storage.
The film summarizes the result of high -expansion foam
tests conducted at the National Reactor Testing Station in
August 1965. The tests disclosed that high-expansion foam
provides fast, effective, and possibly least damaging means
of extinguishing fires involving various kinds of records,
including x-ray films, motion picture films and photographic
prints.
Special problems encountered in using the foam are
dealt with in the film, together with various means of
coping with such fires.
1966-67 NEW FILMS 97
"Controlling Records Fires with High -Expansion Foam"
concludes with the test findings that certain types of
records containers, labeling methods and storage arrange-
ments are superior to others in minimizing damage from
both fires and extinguishing agents.
WASTE DISPOSAL BY HYDRAULIC FRACTURING (1966).
11 minutes, color.
Produced by AEC's Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
For sale by Calvin Productions, Inc., 1105 Truman
Road, Kansas City, Mo. 64106, at $29.72 per print,
including shipping case, F.O.B. Kansas City, Mo.
Available for loan (free) from USAEC headquarters
and field libraries. Cleared for television.
Depicts the development, at Oak Ridge National Labora-
tory, of a process for the disposal of intermediate -level
radioactive wastes in underground bedded shale forma-
tions. The film shows an actual injection of material into
the formation, supplemented by animation which portrays
the manner in which the grout is forced down into the well
and then into the fracture for permanent disposal.
USAEC Division of Technical Information Extension, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
