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^COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION
(ENTERTAINMENT— PART 1)
HEARING
BEFORE THE
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
EIGHTY-THIRD CONGRESS
SECOND SESSION
JANUARY 13 AND 18, 1954
Printed for the use of the Committee on Un-American Activities
INCLUDING INDEX
i
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
42885 WASHjattOTHf-i 1954
Boston Public Library
Superintendent of Documents
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
United States House of Representatives
HAROLD H. VBLDE, Illinois, Chairman
BERNARD W. KEARNEY, New York FRANCIS E. WALTER, Pennsylvania
DONALD L. JACKSON, California MORGAN M. MOULDER, Missouri
KIT CLARDY, Michigan CLYDE DOYLE, California
GORDON H. SCHERER, Ohio JAMES B. FRAZIER, Jh., Tennessee
Robert L. Kunzig, Counsel
Frank S. Tavenner, Jr., Counsel
Thomas W. Beale, Sr., Chief Clerk
Raphael I. Nixon, Director of Research
CONTENTS
Page
January 13, 1954 : Testimony of Allan E. Sloane 3851
January 18, 1954 : Testimony of Howard Bay 3879
Index 3897
in
Public Law 601, 79th Congress
The legislation under which the House Committee on Un-American
Activities operates is Public Law 601, 79th Congress [1946], chapter
753, 2d session, which provides :
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled, * * *
PART 2— RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Rule X
SEC. 121. STANDING COMMITTEES
****** *
17. Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine member?
Rule XI
POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMITTEES
*******
(q) (1) Committee on Un-American Activities.
(A) Un-American activities.
(2) The Committee on Un-American Activities, as a whole or by subcommit-
tee, is authorized to make from time to time investigations of (i) the extent,
character, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States,
(ii) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propa-
ganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks
the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitution, and
(iii) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any neces-
sary remedial legislation.
The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the
Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) the results of any such in-
vestigation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.
For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American
Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such
times and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting,
has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance
of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and
to take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under
the signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any
member designated by any such chairman, and may be served by any person
designated by any such chairman or member.
RULES ADOPTED BY THE 83d CONGRESS
House Resolution 5, January 3, 1953
*******
Rule X
STANDING COMMITTEES
1. There shall be elected by the House, at the commencement of each Con-
gress, the following standing committees :
*******
(q) Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine members.
*******
Rule XI
POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMITTEES
17. Committee on Un-American Activities.
(a) Un-American Activities.
(b) The Committee on Un-American Activities, as a whole or by subcommittee,
is authorized to make from time to time, investigations of (1) the extent, char-
acter, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States,
(2) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American prop-
aganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and
attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitu-
tion, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress
in any necessary l'emedial legislation.
The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the
Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) the results of any such investi-
gation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.
For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American
Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such
times and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting, has
recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance of
such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and
to take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under
the signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any
member designated by such chairman, and may be served by any person desig-
nated by any such chairman or member.
VI
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTBATION
(ENTERTAINMENT— PAKT 1)
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 13, 1954
United States House of Representatives,
Subcommittee of the Committee on
Un-American Activities,
Washington, D. G.
executtve session *
The subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities
met, pursuant to notice, at 2:30 p. m., in room 225, Old House Office
Building, the Honorable Harold H. Velde (chairman) presiding.
Committee members present: Representative Harold H. Velde
(chairman) and Representative Morgan M. Moulder.
Staff members present: Frank S. Tavenner, Jr., counsel for this
hearing ; Dolores Anderson, reporter.
TESTIMONY OF ALLAN E. SLOANE, ACCOMPANIED BY HIS COUNSEL,
SIDNEY V. SMITH
Mr. Velde. Will you stand and raise your right hand, please ?
In the testimony you are about to give, do you solemnly swear to tell
the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?
Mr. Sloane. I do, sir.
Mr. Velde. Let the record show that I have appointed a subcom-
mittee, consisting of Mr. Moulder and myself, Mr. Velde, as chairman,
for the purposes of this hearing.
Will you proceed, please, Mr. Tavenner ?
Mr. Tavenner. Will you state your name, please?
Mr. Sloane. My name, sir, is Allan E. Sloane.
Mr. Tavenner. Are you accompanied by counsel, Mr. Sloane?
Mr. Sloane. I am, sir.
Mr. Tavenner. Will counsel please identify himself for the record ?
Mr. Smith. I am Sidney V. Smith, 701 Tower Building, Washing-
ton, D. C.
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Sloane, are you here today in response to a sub-
pena by this committee?
Mr. Sloane. No ; I am not, sir.
Mr. Tavenner. You are here as a result of your own voluntary desire
to appear as a witness before this committee then ?
Mr. Sloane. That is correct, sir.
1 Released by the full committee.
3851
3852 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTALNMENT)
Mr. Tavexxer. Mr. Chairman, this witness is appearing as a result,
I understand, of the invitations which have been given by the com-
mittee from time to time to persons who have been in any way con-
nected or affiliated with communism to come before it and give the
committee such facts as they may have.
Mr. Velde. I might say that I am sure the members of this commit-
tee, and I myself, especially, appreciate your willingness to come and
give us this information. I am sure the information will be very
helpful to this committee in doing its work. Mr. Moulder?
Mr. Moulder. Mr. Chairman, I just wanted to refer to the fact that
our counsel is referring to the public invitations which have been ex-
tended by the committee. You do mean the public announcements,
do you not, Mr. Counsel ?
Mr. Tavexxer. That is true. No member of the staff has endeav-
ored in any way to bring about the appearance of this witness. It is
entirely voluntary on his part.
Mr. Sloane, will you state for the committee, please, what your
formal educational training has been?
Mr. Sloaxe. My formal educational training, sir, consists of the
public schools of Paterson, N. J., my hometown ; East Side High
School, also in Paterson, N. J. ; a degree of bachelor of arts from the
College of the City of New York, class of 1935 ; a degree of master of
science from Columbia University School of Journalism, 1936. Might
I presume upon you, sir, to add to this the reasons I am here ?
Mr. Tavexner. Surely.
Mr. Sloane. If you don't mind. I think perhaps you gentlemen
will be very, very interested in the fact that I could not any longer
wait for what appeared to me to be my own conscience to drive me here,
and it was for that reason I asked to appear.
I found out that knowing I had been a Communist and having to go
around in my professional life, which is that of a writer for radio and
television, and deliberately delude decent people who wanted to hire
me, by lying to them about that — I simply found out that I could not
continue that any longer and live with myself, so I was literally forced
into this decision by my own conscience. I knew that I was a Com-
munist once, and I was going around and saying I was not and never
had been. I could not do that any more.
The second reason is because of your appeals and the offer to all
those who wanted to come forward and help. I felt if I could con-
tribute in any way to national security by coming down here, I should.
The third thing is my family. I have 2 very, very young boys — 1 is
2^2 years of age and 1 is 4 — and a wonderful wife. I wanted to be a
decent person and bring them up properly, and a father who goes
around lying about himself is not a very decent person. I wanted to
get my story on the record. Thanks to you, it seems I will be able to
do this.
I feel there may be a lot of people like myself who have been some
time in the past involved in this rotten thing and who may be waiting
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3853
and not knowing what to do about it, and it may be somebody will be
helped by my actions here. I know I have been helped by the privi-
lege of coming here and telling my story.
I understand that Budd Schulberg appeared before you and I felt if
Schulberg could do it, Sloane can also. I feel everyone is obligated
to others. I feel if a person has been used by communism, and if he
can help another person to come forward and tell his story by doing
so himself, he should do so.
Mr. Velde. I want to say to you now that the Communist Party has
been most vicious in trying to prevent people such as you from testi-
fying before our committee and other committees of Congress. A
great deal of the good that has been done in fighting communism has
been done by people such as you who have undergone the trials and
tribulations as you have and who have finally come to realize that it
just isn't in accordance with the American way of life and the way that
you have been brought up. So again I want to say that the committee
certainly does appreciate your coming before it and giving the very
valuable testimony which I know you will give.
Mr. Tavenner. When and where were you born, Mr. Sloane ?
Mr. Sloane. I was born in New York City, June 24, 1914.
Mr. Tavenner. Where do you now reside ?
Mr. Sloane. I now reside at 243 Belltown Koad, Stamford, Conn.
Mr. Tavenner. You have stated that your profession is that of
radio and screen writing?
Mr. Sloane. And some television; yes.
Mr. Tavenner. And television?
Mr. Sloane. Yes, sir.
Mr. Tavenner. Will you tell the committee, please, what the nature
of your employment has been and what experience you have had in
your profession, briefly ?
Mr. Sloane. In brief — let me see. The period from 1936 to 1941
I was a newspaperman, reporter, photographer, editor, copy writer
and reader. For the year 1941 I was a soldier — a volunteer. From
1942 to 1943 I was a newspaperman again and since 1943 I have been
in radio. My work has ranged from soap opera to very large and
important solid documentary programs. I have written several films
and most recently have been the author of the picture Martin Luther,
the documentary picture for the Lutheran Church, about their found-
er's life, Martin Luther. I have worked for types of organizations,
such as the United Nations, the Cerebral Palsy Foundation, American
Legion, United States Army, and such organizations. I say proudly
that I am the creator of the very famous slogan "Sound off". Any-
body who has ever heard the kids walking down the streets saying
"Sound off" knows my work.
This should cover the period generally from 1943 to 1947. Since
that time I have worked as a free-lance writer. I would be called
by the radio station and asked to do this project or that project.
They might ask me to do a survey on the conditions of children on
the farm, or on the DP camps, or the international refugee organiza-
tions, and such things for the radio. The following is a record of my
work in radio, television, and films from 1943 to 1953.
42885— 54^-pt. 1-
3854 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
RADIO
1943:
Green Valley, U.S.A CBS
The Man Behind the Gun CBS
1944:
Calling America CBS
Transatlantic Call CBS
Report to the Nation CBS
School of the Air CBS
1945:
Prudential Family Hour CBS
Time to Rememher CBS
Radio Readers' Digest CBS
1946-4S :
Sound Off All networks
Warriors of Peace ABC
The Big Story NBC
1948: Top Secret NBC
1949-52 :
Heroes of Peace U. N.
Citizens of the World U. N.
Note. — The above programs refer to series, i. e., consecutive programs in
sequence. The following one-time shows during this period are also worthy of
mention :
1. 1946 — We Went Back (CBS) : The first all-tape-recorded documentary pro-
gram in radio, 1 hour long, celebrating first anniversary of V-J Day.
2. 1946 — Fifty Years on Wheels (CBS) : A special documentary salute to the
American auto industry.
3. 1945-48 — A series of individual one-time programs for the United Jewish
Appeal, for DP and Israel fund raising, all networks.
4. 1948— Between the Dark and the Daylight (CBS) : A half-hour docu-
mentary about the suffering of children of Europe, featuring tape recordings
made by me in seven countries, for the U. N.
5. 1948 — The Time Is Now (CBS) : A half -hour documentary celebrating the
second General Assembly of the U. N., translated into seven languages and
broadcast all over the world.
6. 1949 — The Hard Core (NBC) : A half-hour tape-recorded documentary
about displaced persons, result of 6 months' duty as radio officer of International
Refugee Organization.
7. 1950 — The Lady in the Harbor (NBC) : A half -hour American Legion pro-
gram setting forth the keynote of the year.
8. 1950 — 11 Memory Street (Mutual) : An hour-long tape-recorded docu-
mentary describing U. N. work in tracing lost children.
Worthy of mention also are innumerable single programs for such organiza-
tions and causes as : Cavalcade ; CBS Is There ; The Land Is Bright ; Labor for
Victory ; Cafe Istanbul ; Great Scenes From Great Plays ; cancer, heart, diabetes,
cerebral palsy, infantile paralysis funds — American Medical Association; Treas-
ury war bond drives, YMCA, YWCA, Visiting Nurse Association.
television
1946 : Tales To Remember CBS experimental program
1950 : NBC
Treasury Men in Action NBC
The Big Story NBC
1951-52 :
Lamp Unto My Feet CBS religious program
American Inventory NBC, Sloan Foundation show
FILM
Answer for Anne : A documentary about DP's, for Lutheran World Federation.
The Two Kingdoms : A documentary about Germany for Lutheran World
Federation.
Turn in the Road : A documentary on worldwide charity for Lutheran churches.
Faith That Works : A religious film for United States Navy.
Martin Luther : Feature biography for combined Lutheran churches.
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3855
OTHER
1951 — Seeds iu the Wind : A live documentary presentation for the Jewish Board
of Guardians.
1953 — Winning Men's Minds : A live dramatization for the annual meeting of
the American Jewish Committee.
1953— Tomorrow for the Taking: A live dramatization on Christian education
for the Presbyterian General Assembly, May 1953.
Note. — Awards and commendations include "Best Religious Film of 1948"
for Answer for Anne, New York Times listing "10 Best Films of 1953" for Martin
Luther, 4 Peabody awards and 5 Ohio State award citations for various radio
programs.
Mr. Moulder. Were you in the armed services ?
Mr. Sloane. Yes, I was, sir. I volunteered as of January 20, 1941.
I was discharged December 25, 1941, the same year.
Mr. Tavenner. What was the period of time in which you worked
with the United Nations ?
Mr. Sloane. I was first hired by the U. N. — perhaps the specificity
of some of the dates will surprise you, but I have tried to remember
the facts as closely as I could. I was first hired December 13, 1947.
The reason I remember that date is because I went to Europe for
them. I worked for the U. N. consistently between December of 1947
until, let us say, May of 1952, and then I didn't work for them any
more, the reason for this being, in all frankness, that the effort to
keep Communists out of the U. N. was successful in my case because I
could not honestly fill out the form and say I had not been a mem-
ber of the Communist Party, so I couldn't work for the U. N. any
more.
Mr. Tavenner. What are some of the other professional contribu-
tions you have made in your field in the way of writing ?
Mr. Sloane. This is slightly embarrassing — for instance, during
the war I wrote The Man Behind the Gun, which was a dramatiza-
tion of the meaning of our battle and why our men were fighting.
That was a prize program. My next was Transatlantic Call. This
was broadcast from the United States 1 week and Britain the next,
and its purpose was to let both nations understand what each of the
other was doing and why, and bring about a better understanding of
each nation and its problems. I also did some work on a program
called This Is the Navy, which had to do with stories of Navy heroism.
I worked, too, on a program called Green Valley USA, which was based
on directives from the Office of War Information. I would go from
State to State, and city to city, from Portland, Oreg., to Portland,
Maine, to St. Louis, and so on, telling the stories through this pro-
gram of the various war needs — for instance, the need for blood donors,
and so forth. I also worked on many programs for various appeals
like the United Jewish Appeal, various patriotic funds, Catholic
charities, the cerebral palsy people, cancer programs, and so forth. I
wrote the program for a while for The Big Story, about newspaper
work. I worked on the program called Treasury Men in Action, but
I was dropped from the program. I was called upon by an advertis-
ing agency in 1946 to plan a program designed to bring enlistments
up because, you remember, the draft stopped and we had to take our
men by enlistment through recruitment. So it was then that I in-
vented the so-called gimmick Sound Off, which became very popular.
Mr. Tavenner. Will you tell the committee, please, when you first
3856 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
came under the influence of the Communist Party? What might
be said to be the beginning of a Communist influence upon your life?
Mr. Sloane. It was just after my discharge from the Army. I
should explain in all fairness to you, and also to thank you for not
going into what must have seemed an obvious fact — that I stayed in
the armed services for such a short time. I got a medical discharge.
It was honorable, but a medical discharge. I returned to my home
in Paterson, N. J., and I was somewhat uncomfortable there, so I
came to New York to visit a young friend of mine, Millard Lampell.
He had been a friend of mine since 1936, so since I had known him
for 5 years I felt free to drop in at 40 Horatio Street to see him.
I explained to him that life was uncomfortable in Paterson and that
I wanted to work in New York City. I lived there as his roommate
and obtained work with the Parade magazine, a Marshall Field
publication.
In the months of January and February 1942, and through late
August of that year that was my home — 10 Horatio Street. I worked
in the same room that he did ; I would be writing, and he was also
free lancing — doing writing — and from time to time we would be
talking and he would discuss the fact that I should, as he said,
solidify my political tendencies and join outright with the Com-
munist Party, of which he was a member at that time. I am afraid
that I did not demur strenuously. I just said, "Oh, yes," and "Sure."'
1 didn't say "Yes," definitely, or "No" courageously. Finally, after
several months' prodding, I went with him to a meeting of the Com-
munist Party at the Dome. It was a dancehall on 6th Avenue,
between 9th and 10th Streets, and I joined. He was my sponsor at
the meeting. I took out a party book and signed my name and paid
my dues. I believe I signed the book "Comrade Allan" or "Comrade
Allan Sloane," I am not sure which. And so I became a member
of the Communist Party. As for becoming subject to the Com-
munist Party influence, which is a little different from joining the
party, I don't think I could directly say as to that. For instance,
I went to the College of the City of New York, which is alleged to
be a hotbed of communism, but I honestly never found it so. There
were meetings on the campus and hubbubs — all sorts of exciting things
happening — but this would cover my 15 to 19 years of age and
during that time I just didn't, to the best of my recollection, join
anything which I would consider to be of a political nature. 1 do
remember one time when Mayor LaGuardia, not then mayor, was
running for the office in New York on the Fusion ticket, and I became
excited about that. I worked on newspaper after newspaper through
the years, but I don't remember them as being either rightist or leftist
or anything of that sort — I just worked and did my business as a
writer.
Mr. Tavenner. Then you would attribute your relationship par-
ticularly with Millard Lampell as being the controlling factor in
bringing you into the Communist Party?
Mr. Sloane. I would by all means consider it the controlling factor,
yes. He was the trigger to my perhaps emotional or humanitarian
outlook or attitude. I should like to say, perhaps, a fuzzy-minded
attitude, but liberal in the best sense of the word. A liberal bent
or tendency in myself which would spring, I would say very honestly,
from the period of time in which I found myself.
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3857
I was a graduate of City College in New York, which was called
the poor man's college, in the year 1935, and 1 was able to go on with
my education only through a scholarship, and then I had to go out
and get a job at $15 per week as an editor. So my contacts were
mainly sort of between the capitalist and labor type of persons, and
in my mind, I considered myself as labor or as a workingman.
Mr. Moulder. That was a difficult period.
Mr. Sloane. That was very well understated, sir.
Mr. Tavenner. What Communist Party activities did you observe
during the period you were associated with Millard Lampell? I
mean as to his activities.
Mr. Sloane. My observation of his actual strict Communist Party
activities was confined to a very small area. There was the introduc-
tion and sponsorship of me at the meeting in this particular section,
which was called the Village Club. I must say I never saw him at a
meeting again. I went to only several meetings after that, I can't
actually say how many, but they were very few. I know at the time
of our roommateship he was writing book reviews for the New Repub-
lic and New Masses under the name of Mike Landon. I don't know
if this was a Communist Party activity. At that time he belonged
to a great many fronts, but I didn't know about them at the time. Nor
did he suggest or request that I join in work with, or for, these fronts.
I know of my own knowledge in later years his residence on Grove
Street in Greenwich Village was the place of group meetings, called
a study group, where you would come and have explained to you
the "true" or party meaning of the latest historical event. They
would be given assignments from a pamphlet and books to read, and
were to study them.
Mr. Tavenner. Were those group meetings held for members of
the Communist Party only ?
Mr. Sloane. They were held for those who were on one hand inter-
ested in joining the Communist Party or who might want to know
what it was all about, and for those who were already members of
the Communist Party. This was a form of party discipline to keep
up with publications, i. e., the Daily Worker, and so on, and to
constantly refresh oneself as a party worker. You see a great many
people joined the party on an emotional basis, but I don't think the
Communist Party likes people like that. They consider them to be
irresponsible romantics and want them to know a lot more of what
the party was doing and why. They considered these assignments
to be a sort of discipline.
I might, as a matter of fact, introduce an anecdote at this point.
At this period I was associated with Millard Lampell and with the
Almanac Singers. They were to have been a kind of belt-line mecha-
nism— a kind of cultural arm of the party, where the total party
function is to associate with labor and protest various things and
such functions as — you remember when the AAA was supposed to
have killed a million hogs, so the Almanac Singers worked out a song
called Plow the Fourth Man Under. That was deliberately con-
structed by the Almanac Singers to play upon the public opinion.
This was during the period of the so-called imperialist war, when
the party line was to oppose United States participation on the side
of the Allies. This song, and others, were deliberately composed to
influence public opinion in favor of the then party line.
3858 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
Mr. Velde. You attended these study meetings after you joined the
Communist Party ?
Mr. Sloane. No. I just say of my own knowledge that I know of
study meetings at Mr. Lampell's house.
Mr. Velde. You didn't attend these study meetings?
Mr. Sloane. No ; I didn't.
Mr. Velde. Did you have any instruction in communism?
Mr. Sloane. No. I did go with Mr. Lampell to a study meeting
at another man's house whose name I don't recollect. I told you,
I believe, how in these meetings everything was dull and we were
told to read this and that, and they would give us assignments and
we were to go home and read chapters 1, 3, and 7 of the history of
the Communist Party and the Soviet Union. We were told we could
buy the books at the Jefferson Bookshop on 16th Street, and it was
all very boring.
Mr. Moulder. What was that year ?
Mr. Sloane. It was the year 1943.
Mr. Moulder. And then you joined the Communist Party? What
year?
Mr. Sloane. In the same year. I fix the date to be around March
of 1943 that I joined the Communist Party, and I figure I left it
voluntarily, completely severed relations with it, in the summer of
1944. I would say closer to July than to August.
Mr. Moulder. During that period of time, did you pay dues?
Mr. Sloane. I paid dues, and think the Communist Party book had
some kind of stamps, one with a little blue dues stamp — 25 cents
per meeting — and the other was an assessment of a dime, I believe,
for the literature fund. I believe I paid dues from between 3 to 6
times.
Mr. Moulder. After severing your membership, were you in any
way connected with Communist activities?
Mr. Sloane. Yes ; I was. With front activities through the years.
Mr. Tavenner. Will you now return to your description of the
Almanac Singers?
Mr. Sloane. In connection with the technique of developing a song
to fit situations, I would like to explain that the Almanac Singers,
after breaking up their housekeeping group at Tenth Street moved —
and it was probably no coincidence that they moved to the Dome
where the Communist Party meetings were held. They cooked and
slept in the back of the meeting place. They would all work together
on the creation of pseudofolksongs. They once received a request for
a group of singers to sing at a union meeting during the Sun Oil
strike. These young people went out there with their guitars and
would sing all the songs they had worked up and written. They
would, for instance, take old melodies like Red Wing and write new
words to fit it like "There once was a union maid, and she was not
afraid."
This may all sound very funny or silly to you gentlemen, but when
you stop to see what happened, it makes you realize it wasn't so funny.
For instance, I considered myself a writer, and would sit on the
outside of a group and say, "Why don't you write such and such a
line?" Once I quoted a line and somebody turned to me and said
that it was over-intellectualism and croceeded riidit then and thera
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3859
to deliver me a lecture on how such things had to be done in a certain
way — and I should use my talent for writing in a party functional
sort of way instead of trying to write like Beethoven. It was why I
began to back out. All this fell under what they considered party
discipline. There is even a discipline to the framing of a folksong.
The whole thing sounds petty, but there it is.
Mr. Tavenner. Do you know of any Communist Party member
who collaborated with the Almanac Singers in the composition of
their material ?
Mr. Sloane. I must say, since I have sworn to tell the truth as I
know it, that I do not of my own knowledge know that these people
who were Almanac Singers were actually Communist Party members,
save myself and young Lampell, and we both used to sing here and
there with them. I have in my statement several names of the people
in the group that I remember, but if asked to definitely state yes or
no if asked if I knew they were Communist Party members, I could
not do so.
Mr. Tavenner. I would prefer that you not mention the names of
those of whom you are not certain.
Mr. Sloane. Yes, sir.
Mr. Tavenner. Did Millard Lampell assist you in the composition
of material ?
Mr. Sloane. Yes.
Mr. Moulder. In order to clarify the record, I believe I asked you
about any Communist activities you had while a member of the Com-
munist Party. Unless the interrogation will clarify that, maybe
you would like to state it now.
Mr. Sloane. Yes, I would like very much to get that on the record.
For instance, when I was strictly a member of the party, i. e., carry-
ing a card, my work consisted of the following :
I was given an assignment to sell the Daily "Worker on street
corners. I rebelled at this because I felt frankly it was beneath me,
but it was explained to me that it was all part of the party discipline.
It was a comedown for a newspaperman, I thought, but I still had to
sell these papers on the street corner.
Then I had to accompany a speaker to a street corner at Eighth
Street and McDougall Street, where attempts were made to sell party
literature there.
I believe I told you before of attending a party lecture or meeting,
where we discussed several things, such as the war situation, Com-
munist theories, and so on. We were given assignments to study and
read, like told to read such and such pages and told to purchase books
from the Jefferson Bookshop. All this was very boring to me and I
didn't do this, just listened to what they had to say and forgot the
rest.
I was once elected, or appointed — I don't remember how — as the
committeeman, Communist Party committeeman at the October 1943
meeting of the New York City Communist Party. I was a repre-
sentative of my party area. I think — I am not sure — but I think it
was the 10th E. D. — election district. To the best of my recollection
this was how it happened. I received a postcard in the mail, which
said generally — "Dear Comrade Sloane: You have been appointed
as representative of this election district to the central Manhattan
3860 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
committee meeting to be held the coming Sunday at 10 o'clock at such
and such a place. I went, and there were quite a few people there,
a few cut and dried resolutions were passed, and a small collection
was taken for party literature and coffee and doughnuts served.
I walked out in the course of the meeting and went home. I don't
even remember all the procedures that took place.
Once I was involved also in an invitation, by whom I don't recollect,
for a meeting which I now recognize was a meeting of the cultural
committee of the Communist Party. This meeting was held in the
office of a dentist in Steinway Hall in the year 1944. Early in the year.
Once again it was a meeting at which the responsibilities of an artist
in the Soviet Union were discussed, that is, the necessity of his using
his skills in social ways, and so forth.
Mr. Moulder. You are referring now to a period of time in which
you were an actual member of the Communist Party ?
Mr. Sloane. Yes.
Mr. Moulder. What was the position you held at this time ?
Mr. Sloane. It was as picture director with Parade magazine, on
which I was a picture editor, so-called. The previous activities might
be called Communist membership activities. The next ones I take up
will be fellow-traveler activities. I don't remember anybody who was
at this cultural meeting, but I do remember being very bored and by
this time, more than a litle ashamed of myself to realize that here I, a
writer, an independent kind of person, was involved in the kind of
thing where I had to be told my function as a writer and an artist.
I was still a newspaperman and nobody tries to tell a newspaperman
what to write and that his job is a political one, and I was told that as
a writer I was of political importance and had to use my skills in
that way. By then I was beginning to be ashamed of myself and had
gotten to a funny stage — to explain it, it was like there were two of me,
and one was sitting outside and looking in and saying, "What are you
doing here? You know you shouldn't be here." Further activities
within the framework of the party I can't recall. There may have
been others, but if so, they were very, very few.
Oh yes, I beg your pardon — there is another thing I think of now.
I was assigned an area in my own neighborhood, 23 Barrow Street
where I lived, to sell war bonds. We were told we had to sell them
from door to door to help the war effort, and had to ring each door-
bell. It was the period of time in which the party was more or less
open and you were allowed to say you were a member of the Com-
munist Party — in fact, were instructed to do that. I didn't sell any
bonds that I recall, but bought one myself.
Late in the summer of 1944, as I say, I was thoroughly disgusted
with my membership in the Communist Party. The thing that really
disgusted me at that time was that the party had done a complete
flip-flop. There had been a meeting in May or June of 1944 in which
the Communist Party had decided that it should be called the Com-
munist Political Association, and that it should not work within the
realm of politics and nominate candidates, and so forth, but should
work within the ASP. This was the Committee of the Arts, Sciences,
and Professions, a front group. They should work for the Democratic
Party through this ASP group. The Communist Party was feeling
its way, I believe, endeavoring to become an infiltrating organization
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3861
rather than a nominating organization. That, I believe, was when the
war was nearing its end and it looked as though capitalism and social-
ism were abont to dissolve their partnership and now each should go
its own way. Earl Browder was very, very proud of the fact that
what he was leading was the American Communist Party, not one from
outside America.
This, of course, is my own interpretation. I don't recall if history
will bear me out, but I believe it will. As a matter of fact, in this
morning's newspaper Browder has a piece in which he says about
the same thing. Communism had been respectable, and all of a sudden
here it became this insidious, hidden sort of thing. This was suf-
ficient for me to say to my wife, "I have had it — I cannot stand any
more of the flip-flops."
Shortly after this I was visited by William Browder, who at first
upbraided me for not being faithful in my membership with the Com-
munist Party. I had not showed up for months at the meetings, be-
cause I had a job by then, the Transatlantic Call job which carried me
to all parts of the country, and when I was home I didn't want to be
going to meetings.
Mr. Velde. This was late in 1944?
Mr. Sloane. In 1944.
Mr. Velde. Can you place the month ?
Mr. Sloane. Around July of 1944, and perhaps closer to August.
Anyhow, Mr. Browder upbraided me and suggested that I resume reg-
ularity of attendance at the party meetings. Ho told me of the usual
concept of communism and said the Communist had to be much better
than the average person — he has to be faithful, and so^ forth, and by
this time I think my anger had been aroused and I told him I wished
he would leave and that I would not be at any more meetings. I
didn't feel that I was in a conspiracy because at that time it just
didn't appear to be that but it just wasn't on logical grounds. I didn't
want any part of this kind of thing. I was feeling my oats, so to
speak, and established as a radio writer and I think I was then begin-
ning to grow up. Mr. Browder initially accepted my resignation, then
changed his story and said, "Well, you are a very important person —
yon writers are very important people — we need those who are as
well known and can interpret things like you writers can, so you
would not have to be a member of the party — you don't have to attend
the meetings or have any formal alinement because your importance
to the general cause transcends your specific membership." This, I
must say, is not exactly the direct conversation, but in a general way
what he said, the essence of his speech to me. At any rate, it was the
sum and substance.
In other words, what was being offered to me was that I should be
a crypto-Communist — someone who has no formal alinement with the
party but is just as good where he is for the party's work.
I turned that down, too. I recollected the supreme insult of having
to sell the Daily Worker on the street corners, and I told him to go
peddle his papers somewhere else. That was my last connection with
the Communist Party.
During the period of my first marriage I had very little contact
with young Lampell because his wife and my wife couldn't get alonj?.
Every so often we would meet and then I saw him less and less.
42885— 54— pt. 1 3
*to"
3862 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
That covers the area of my activities during the period of my mem-
bership in the Communist Party.
If you would like, I will now run down the activities outside the
party as a fellow traveler. The following- are activities of mine and
associations which, in the light of a very long and somewhat difficult
self-introspection, I have discovered to be within the realm of the
fellow-traveling person.
They are as follows : During the middle period of the war, I would
say in*1944, there was organized an outfit called the Music War Com-
mittee— and I bring this up to show how it ties in with the cultural
aspects of communism. Once again I am afraid the same names crop
up. The Music War Committee was a group of very responsible and
very well-known musicians — a group consisting of many very well-
known and some unknown musicians. One, for instance, was Oscar
Hammerstein, who was chairman of the MWC. Millard Lampell was
also very active in this outfit. The way it would work was this : The
MWC would be called by the WAC's and they would say something
like, "We need a good marching song for the WAC's and would you
boys write one?" So they would take it up and assign 1 or 2 musi-
cians there to the job — good writing men — to the duty of writing a
song for the WAC's. To be an artist you had to support the war
effort, so I was brought down there by Millard Lampell and by this
means activated into this kind of work, by means of suggestion. He
would stand up and say he thought we should do this and do a radio
program. That was why I was brought down because we were sup-
posed to invent a program that would have the backing of such people
as Hammerstein and Rodgers. They would get a good producer to
back it, the networks would like it, and it would be a well-written
thing and in line with the war effort. One thing we tried was where
the subject was to be a couple of old vaudevillians who wanted to get
behind the war effort, so they would sing songs and tell stories of the
old days. Projects like that were constantly before it.
Incidentally, I do not believe that Mr. Hammerstein could possibly
have been aware that the activities of this little organization, which I
think is a comparatively unknown front group, were being mostly
carried on by members of the Communist Party, such as Millard Lam-
pell, with me at his elbow as a second member.
Mr. Velde. And the same would be true of Mr. Rodgers?
Mr. Sloane. The same would be true of Mr. Rodgers.
Mr. Moulder. I understood that at that time you were not a mem-
ber of the Communist Party.
Mr. Sloane. This was during the war. It was a very good catch
vou made there, because to remember all these things I have had to
think and think. The fact remains that I wras still friends with
Lampell and we were working together.
Mr. Moulder. You were still working together nnd were friends
but was that association as a Communist or becau ;e of jour former
association?
Mr. Sloane. Well, my association with young Lampell was for a
long time a personal association and was also political. We were
friendly and we were comrades. I say that advisedly.
Mr. Moulder. I understood you to say that after William Browder
visited you and you referred to it as a formal separation and you made
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3863
the statement you were washing your hands of any connection with
the Communist Party, as such, and even in spite of this he asked you to
be associated with it — not being a member but by still associating your-
self with its cause. I understood your position was you had nothing
to do with that idea and in no form, or phase, or whatever.
Mr. Sloane. You have caught me, sir, in a contradiction, which I
will admit. By way of explanation, however, I should like to state
that my severance of actual party membership did not end my associa-
tion with Lampell. It seemed natural and proper at the time to be
working with him in the MWC outside the framework of the actual
party. I did not regard such activity at that time as front work,
though I am, of course, only too aware now of the true nature of such
activities, to say nothing of my having been used in connection with
them.
Mr. Moulder. Now, you make reference to sitting at his elbow.
Mr. Sloane. I was there as a fellow traveler or a co-sympathizer.
Whether I was actually a member at that time, I don't know. I can't*
pinpoint the date, but I do know I felt this was a good thing for the
war effort and young Lampell was doing the right thing.
Mr. Moulder. That was the way all people felt at that time as far
as winning the war was concerned.
Mr. Sloane. I accept, sir, a contradiction inherent in my own testi-
mony. Now, looking back, how could I have? In truth, retrospect
is much wiser than foresight. It was at another of those meetings
that I met another young fellow and I would like to explain to you,
sir, a slightly humorous aspect of comradeship is involved. It in-
volves the use of Aesopian language. When, for instance, in this par-
ticular meeting of the MWC, Lampell introduced me to the lyric
writer, he described him as a terrific guy. When a Communist intro-
duces somebody to you as a terrific guy it means you are being intro-
duced to somebody who is a fellow Communist. When he is called a
Hood guy it means you are being introduced to somebody who is known
to be a fellow traveler, or not unsympathetic to your being a Commu-
nist. When you refer to somebody or ask about him and are told he is
a bastard that does not mean he is of illegitimate parentage but an
active anti-Communist and to watch your step. Therefore, I say I
was introduced at one of these meetings to this lyric waiter who was
described to me as a terrific guy, which meant a green light for an all-
out discussion of things of a dialectic materialism viewpoint. In
other words, this is a brother Communist.
Mr. Velde. Was this usage of words you have just referred to com-
mon in your own group or in all groups ?
Mr. Sloane. This was common in the circles we people moved in —
the writers of radio and TV material. Any fellow writer was also
in our social circle. If you would go to a party, you would meet
somebody. You would tell somebody you met that person and he
would say "He is a terrific guy." He meant, specifically, a Com-
munist, and it was a sort of signal. When you hear somebody in
a conversation use the word "terrific" you can sense that that person
is almost sending out signals. You have heard when a male butterfly
sends out vibrations the females hear them. The same way if you
heard the words "terrific guy" come out and if the conversation was
3864 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
political, you would bet your last dollar that person referred to was
a Communist.
Mr. Moulder. Did you learn that by observation ?
Mr. Sloaxe. Observation and absorption. Until finally you would
yourself describe people as being ''terrific" or "good" or as a "bastard."
Another little phrase which was used was, "He has got the correct
slant." That meant that 1 and 1 equaled 2 and that it coincided
correctly, specifically or closely to the party line. This sort of phrase
is still used today. For instance, Mr. Beria had an "incorrect
attitude."
At any rate, I was introduced to this young man and he was a song-
writer. I should like to furnish his name off the record. He wrote a
good many songs, popular ones, and collaborated with Duke Ellington
on very, very popular songs. He, if not a Communist, followed
closer to it than anybody could by outright joining the party. It was
with him I went into my next area, which was called the Divide and
Conquer thing. I wrote, with another person, a little pamphlet
called Divide and Conquer. This is where the ASP begins to come
in, or the Committee for the Arts, Sciences, and Professions. This
committee was organized during the war to channel the efforts of
artists and writers and actors and public figures of the arts and
sciences. They got behind the third election, the campaign for the
third term, and it also became a war-effort thing. For instance, I
received a call from the ASP. They had heard of my work, and that
I was in town, and someone wanted them to furnish a speech, on giving
blood, for Olivia de Haviland to use while she was there to help the war
effort. They asked would I write the speech, so I wrote it and Olivia
de Haviland made the speech. That is the way she gave her services
for the war effort and the way I made mine. I also gave blood. Then
another time they called, and this time they said "We would like a
little playlet suitable for presentation by the school children," so
another person and I sat down and figured out this Divide and Con-
quer thing. It told how a lot of children were to be on a stage
playing marbles, and along came a big bulty who said "Let me play,"
and the children said "No." So he called one of the children aside
and said "You can't play with them because you are a Negro." So
they chased the Negro away. Then he said "You can't play with him
because he is a Jew." So they chased the Jew away. Then before
long there was no one there left to play. He divided them all. Then
they all came out and chased him away. He was supposed to be
Hitler, and so the person I am speaking of and I combined our talents
and figured out the playlet in this manner.
This almost perfectly shows the cultural aspects of the Communist
Party. Here was this person, a lyric writer who had been made
known to me as a "terrific guy." He was a lyric writer of great im-
portance in flic commercial world, and here am I, a radio writer of
some skill and some experience, and there was joined to ns by this
time one Lan Adomian.
Mr. Vii.dk. Will you repeat more specifically about what date all
this took place '.
Mr. SiiOANE. This would be the wartime period — in 1041 — because
I was still living with my first wife. Adomian had introduced him-
self to me at a rehearsal and he said he had heard of me and wanted
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3865
to meet me. I believe this is an instance in which he said, "I have
heard you are a terrific guy." This, of course, was to me a signal that
here was a Communist talking to me. Sure enough, he revealed him-
self to me with some pride with a great deal of astonishment on my
part as a veteran of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. He wanted to
meet me because he felt I could help him get work. I tried to help
him but was unsuccessful, except in a later instance when I got a little
more important and could choose my own composers. He wanted us
to do something together and I thought we should, too.
Here, you see, was a composer who wanted to use his music as a
political weapon, and here was a writer who had been partly indoc-
trinated and who felt he should use his words as a medium of propa-
ganda, and here was a lyric writer who felt he could write words to
the composer's music. So we met, sometimes in my home, sometimes
in Adomiaivs. "We would get ideas and work on them and toss them
back and forth.
"We got an idea for an opera for children and wanted to call it.
The Enchanted Village. To this enchanted village would come chil-
dren from all nations — a little Russian boy named Ivan, a little Amer-
ican boy named John, a French boy named Jacques, and a little Polish
boy named Jan, and many others, and they would find as children
that all children everywhere want the same things. There was to be
a mayor who would show them the good things of life in this enchanted
village, and the mayor was to be Paul Robeson, because he had this
marvelous singing voice and also was a Soviet artistic hero.
"We worked on this opera and had some very lovely ideas. An idea,
for instance, of an airplane which would take the children where the
geography was instead of teaching them in a classroom. None would
hurt each other. And at the end they would all get on this merry-go-
round and reach for the ring, and it would be the "freedom" ring.
You see, these are all concepts which are lovely and fine but which
should not be allowed to become the exclusive property of Communists
because people should learn you can work for international harmony
or amities through your church and can do things within organized
and decent boundaries of our American life, such as the charities. You
don't have to join the Communist Party to do it.
This is a discourse I meant to stay off.
Mr. Moulder. Did you have the feeling at that time that you were
doing this work for the Communist Party ?
Mr. Sloane. No; we were not doing it for the Communist Party
with headquarters as such, but we were doing it as Communists.
Mr. Moulder. You mean a philosophy you were following?
Mr. Sloane. Yes; the fact that I as a responsible citizen in the
world, whose work was in the arts, and who was contributing what
skill and imagination and talent I had toward the furtherance of ideas,
rather than in merely earning a living. As we discussed it before,
perhaps you would like to ask me some questions in order to bring
this out more clearly.
Mr. Velde. Is it your opinion that Adomian was also acting for the
Communist cause at that time ?
Mr. Sloane. Yes ; I know he was and he knew that I was.
Mr. Velde. But you didn't definitely know he was an actual mem-
ber of the Communist Party ?
3866 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
Mr. Sloane. I have known through the years, those of friendship
with him, that he was a member of the Communist Party and at one
time or another he said in letters to me, "You know I don't even know
if I am a member or not any more." That Lan Adomian, whom I
considered a friend of mine — he is a fine composer and very — this is
very difficult.
After being a Communist and fellow traveler and member of the
Abraham Lincoln Brigade — Russian born, but a Communist for over
25 years — he, too, had his stomach turned, and gave up, after 25 years
of being a real Communist.
Mr. Velde. We will now call a 5-minute recess in this hearing.
( Whereupon, at 4 p. m., the executive hearing recessed for 5 minutes,
and Mr. Velde and Mr. Moulder left the hearing room.)
Mr. Tavenner. Would you resume your testimony, please ?
Mr. Sloane. We three — each one knew the other to be a Commu-
nist— were working heart and soul on the project because we felt it
was something very important and we believed in it. We knew it was
not commercial — that it wouldn't go over — wouldn't make money, but
it was something we felt we should be doing.
This was why. The person I spoke of was earning his living writ-
ing lyrics for popular songs, such as Praise the Lord and Pass the
Ammunition. Mr. Adomian was earning his living by writing theme
music in radio — those little bridges of 10 seconds of music, when he
really wanted to write symphonies and patriotic marches. Shosta-
kovich was commissioned by the Soviet Union to write seven sym-
phonies. What he couldn't see was why Shostakovich could do this
ahd he couldn't. He felt he had to contribute something to the cul-
tural development of the country. I was earning my living in radio
and doing public-service programs, i. e., Transatlantic Call. But
it wasn't like being on the firing line. I wasn't really reporting the
war. We were all under what might be called a kind of superimposed
guilt complex — not by orders from above but by a universal atmos-
phere in which you could not think otherwise. You had been made to
feel that as an artist you belonged in the ranks of the workers and
your art should not be devoted to so-called art for art's sake, but to
the causes.
Mr. Tavenner. In other words, you didn't have to have V. J.
Jerome, the cultural head of the Communist Party, to direct you as
to what to do ?
Mr. Sloane. No, and that, I feel, is one of the tragedies of my sit-
uation. The situation of people like me because we don't need the
taskmaster with the whip, or the subtle influence of the adviser. You
already feel you have to do it and so you do it.
Mr. Tavenner. You didn't feel you had to do it ?
Mr. Sloane. No. Why? Well, there was the "you have it good"
philosophy. "You are not on the firing line with the enemy in front
of you." "You are not out in the shipyards, breaking your back on the
swing shift." "You are just a writer or an artist." But with that
comes the upbuilding when you are told you are just as important as
the soldier. Your words are weapons — your brushes are bullets —
what you create is important provided you use it properly. You are
taught in the Soviet Union that what you create not only serves the
state, but is approved by the state. The strange part of it was — and
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3867
this is the downright truth — an Adomian or a Sloane could not have
lasted 10 minutes as an artist in the Soviet Union. Each of us would
have earnest artistic arguments with the other, which we knew in our
hearts, or should have known, we could not have done and existed in
the Soviet Union. That is a contradiction which I have not been able
to solve yet.
Mr. Tavenner. Do I understand that you take the position that the
indoctrination which you received in your experience in the party over
a period of years finally developed you to the psychological point
that you felt that unless you did the things you have spoken of, you
were not measuring up to your share of the responsibilities as the
person on the tiring line and as the man in the steel factories, etc.?
Mr. Sloane. That is perfectly put. You are made to feel happier
when you are considered of social value than if you were merely creat-
ing for creation's sake alone. I think in the Communist theory the
propagandist is rated higher than the artist because art should be
propaganda or else it is not valuable.
For the record I would like to explain that this is not so much a
production of indoctrination as it is a kind of prostitution of good
and decent artistic impulses because I don't think there is an artist
worth his salt, whether he works in a garret or a studio, who does not
feel what he is doing is just a little more than earning a living. This
is a natural characteristic of an artist, but that this natural character-
istic should be so distorted and used to make him feel guilty if he
or his work doesn't serve the state — if it doesn't comport with "social
realism" wherein you only treat of things as they are — and not in-
dulge in flights of fancy — that lies beyond my realm and I am lost.
This is the vicious thing about communism, capturing an artist.
I would also say there is no such thing as a Communist artist, be-
cause communism involves slavery and art involves freedom and
you can't have an enslaved free man.
You can't have both. It is like a cow with wings. Where there
is a vacuum — nature abhors a vacuum — where there is a social vacuum,
that is, where somebody doesn't do something about something that
should be done, the Communist will rush into that vacuum and
exploit it.
I was stupid back in those days. I didn't realize I could have found
a church that wanted to do something about these various things.
I could have found a responsible organization that wanted to do
something about international brotherhood. I could have found a
foundation that wanted to help with this sort of thing. But Com-
munists were there saying "We are the ones who care about Negroes,
civil rights, and the war effort." But I think that where a church,
and I say this very honestly — where a church concerns itself with
that aspect of man's inhumanity to man, and it can be cured by man,
there is no place for a Communist. I believe that very strongly, sir,
and that is one of the reasons I am down here.
Mr. Tavenner. It might be well at this time to bring in a point
you mentioned this morning about the importance of the feeling of
being ridden by guilt — I believe that is the way you put it. In that
connection did you say that?
Mr. Sloane. The true artist who is under the Communist influence
is merely a sick man, because ridden on the one hand by this guilt
3868 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT
complex, feeling that he is of no -worth in the world unless he works
within the boundaries set by the party discipline, and on the other
hand, if he is a true artist he knows truthfully what he is — that he
is a prostitute and a schizophrenic and cannot possibly be well or
happy under these circumstances. If he is ridden by the carefully
fostered guilt of the Communist discipline, or his own personal guilt,
but does not have the guts to say, "I want no part of this," he cannot
be a happy man.
I should have come down to you, sir, long ago. I should have come
•'5 years ago, should I not? I was afraid. There is a fear, as well as
guilt. A Communist artist in the Soviet Union fears for his actual
artistic life if he rebels. He knows if he doesn't write what com-
ports with the party discipline he is not allowed to be an artist.
Nobody in my experience as a writer has ever told me what to
write — never — so how could I have sold myself as a responsible
artist to a discipline which automatically expects certain things of
you. I have been hired by newspapers and covered strikes and acci-
dents and political events and my writing has always been accepted
by the city desk. I have worked for all kinds of newspapers, little
ones and big ones. In connection with this — this is a story which
I feel should go on record because it is part of my record — I should
like to tell you about something which happened.
I referred before to my having been hired by Parade magazine as
picture editor. My function was to go to a location and line up a
series of pictures which would make a story. During the month of
July 1044, I was assigned by Parade to go to Harlan, Ky., to do the
story of a coal miner. I had alwaj^s heard it referred to as "bloody"
Harlan and this time we did a very good story on the life of a coal
miner. From morn till dusk Mr. Pat Coffey, the photographer, and I
worked on this project. At the end of our 10 days' stay I was in my
hotel room and there was a maid in the room washing a window blind.
Suddenly there was a terrible crash and I said "What was that?" and
grabbed my camera. She told me it was a big fire. There was a pillar
of smoke in the sky. I ran to the bank of the Closplint River and saw
it was a huge oil tank which had caught fire and caused the explosion.
There was a woman standing outside her house and the house was on
fire, and she was standing there screaming. I pulled her away and
jumped into the water with her. We looked for her husband but could
not find him. I went around to the other side and was standing there
1 nking pictures and said, "It is a beautiful fire." It appears like that on
my record and I want to set the record clear on it. Within 5 minutes
after having said that, I felt someone at my back and I heard a voice
say, "You had better come wit h me, boy." I said, "What's going on?"
It was a man with a 45 pistol at my back. I said again, "What is the
trouble?" He took me to the jail and I was locked up. I was visited
by an officer and accused of sabotage and having set that fire. At first
I laughed and protested and told him T was there as a photographer
and had no reason to dp such a thing. He said to me, "Did you or did
you not say 'that is a beautiful fire' ?" I said yes, of course I said it, but
I made the remark as a reporter, meaning it in a news sense. I kept
yelling for the FP>I and they brought the State police and I kept telling
the same story fo him. Finally the FBI man came and brought me a
cup of coffee. I told him the story. I told him to call Parade maga-
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3869
zine and they could tell him I was a responsible person. It was the
Fourth of July, however, and the office was closed. So I thought of
Miss Lois Burney of the White House staff and told him to call her and
she would vouch for me. He said, "You'd better not be kidding." He
came back and said she had vouched for me. That night a party was
given by the local country club, as if in apology for this horrible mis-
take. The next day it appeared in the newspaper, a long story, how
a New York photographer had rescued a woman from the blaze, etc.
However, the arrest for sabotage appears on my record and from time
to time I have been queried about it, and I always laugh and say how
the story got started.
I told you this because you probably have this story in your records
and you might wonder what I was doing setting fire to a place.
Mr. Tavenner. Is there any other statement or information that
you desire to give the committee ?
Mr. Sloane. Yes, there is, sir. There exists some difficulty in regard
to my original name, which was Allan Silverman. The name Sloane
I adopted as a pen name for newspaper work and used it interchange-
ably with Silverman. Practically everyone at home knew I was Allan
Silverman and I had used the name Sloane when I got my first job,
gotten my social security card under Allan Sloane and in 1949 I
changed it legally to Sloane. It has been brought to my attention
through official sources that there is an Allan Silverman who has been
connected with News Scope as art editor. This magazine is of suspi-
cious nature. I want to get it on record that this Allan Silverman is
not myself. I never was an art editor with News Scope.
There is another thing I should like to introduce to show just how
far the Communist conspiracy can go. I should say bluntly and flatly
in the beginning that I, in collaboration with Millard Lampell, wrote
the acceptance speech for Mr. Henry Wallace of the Progressive
Party. I doubt if he knew that himself, but the circumstances are as
follows :
In 1948 I was called again by ASP and asked to write this speech.
Before I go on I wish to say there were two aspects of my involvement
in the Wallace campaign. One was the fact that I was invited by
ASP to a cocktail party at the home of Jo Davidson, the sculptor.
I was told a great many important people were to be there — Mr. Wal-
lace, Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt and various other people. I was, of
course, very flattered and said I would attend. So I went to the party
and at that party it was announced that Mr. Wallace was going to run
for the presidency and a party would be organized and it would be
made up of those who believed in the New Deal thinking, and so forth,
and who supported it. There was a Mr. Strauss there, who I was told
was the Mr. Strauss of Macy's. I remember I contributed $500 to the
preliminary war chest of the Progressive Party.
Several weeks later, as the party progressed and the campaign got
under way, I was called again by the ASP and told that Mr. Wallace
had written a speech — an acceptance speech for the convention — that
he knew he was going to be nominated — and the speech was terrible —
that it spoke of a dedicated man of Gideon, and that sort of thing.
They asked if I would hop on down to headquarters and help them
write another speech, and I said "Yes, I would." I was honored to
think that a man could start out as a $15-a-week newspaperman and
42885— 54— pt. 1 4
3870 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
end up writing speeches for a candidate for the Presidency. I
thought this was the essence of the American system. So I went down
to the headquarters of the Progressive Party at 39th Street. There
1 found Millard Lampell when I went upstairs. He said to me,
"Have you read the speech?" and I said, "Not yet." He said it was
a "dog." So, once again, without there being a word spoken about
"let us see that this adheres properly and correctly to a preconceived
party line" there was an understanding existing in that room. This
was in 1948, after I left the party. Here was Mr. Lampell, who from
time to time had involved me in things which had become distasteful
to me, but we were working together again. We wrote a really very
beautiful and moving acceptance speech, which I remember was a
very fine speech. About halfway through the evening, Mr. Lampell
excused himself and had to go home, so I wrote the speech. It was a
speech in which Mr. Wallace pledged himself to ameliorate the inter-
national tensions which had already begun the cold war. I believe
in 19-18 the Berlin blockade had started. There was a line there which
said — I have a recording of the speech, sir, if you would like it — "the
lives of our children and our children's children are far too precious
to be entrusted to the hot tempers of junior lieutenants where border
meets border." That such a line sticks in my memory is not the point
of the story, but the point is, through the ASP, a front organization,
so cited and listed, and surely the reasons are known to you, I, known
to them as a fellow traveler if not an outright Communist, was enlisted
with another fellow traveler, because I cannot vouch for him at that
particular time as being a Communist, to channel the convention's
speeches, their major speeches. That same night I also wrote the
nominating address, as well as the acceptance speech. Or rather, I
should say, I wrote both the acceptance speech of the nominee and the
keynote speech for the convention. I might add also, the Almanac
Singers sang there. A Mr. Charles P. Howard, of Iowa, a Negro, gave
the keynote speech. The first sentence had the words "The very fact
that I am the party's nominee defines the kind of party that would
nominate a Negro."
This, I think, if there is a tragedy about my story, shows that some-
where along the line I got off the mainstream of American life and
aided the alien life with what was not American to achieve what I
felt to be American.
Mr. Tavenner. The committee has heard a great deal of evidence
regarding the activities of Communist-front organizations, and espe-
cially the ASP.
Mr. Sloane. Yes, sir.
Mr. Tavenner. Is there any other phase of those activities other
than the ones you have described which you feel had any effect upon
your particular experience in the Communist Party, or in your associ-
;il ion with its members after leaving the party?
Mr. Seoane. Yes, there is, sir. There is one anecdote or incident I
should like to relate for what it is worth — not only how these seem-
ingly innocent organizations had very powerful people drawn into
t heir acl Lvil ies. Here you have an organization which calls a writer to
contribute something of his talent and services to legitimate war ef-
forts and objectives, such as arousing public opinion to the importance
of issues, like giving blood, and so forth.
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3871
Here is something which happened, of my own knowledge, which I
think bears out the fact that the ASP was used for this purpose.
One day my phone rang and it was the ASP calling and saying, "Hello,
Allan, something has come up and we thought you would like to be in
on this." This is, in effect, what was said, not a direct report of the
conversation. "A very important Government official is passing
through New York and has graciously consented to meet with some
people and brief them on something which is coming up, and I think
you would like to be one of the group." They said I should come
down to the Astor Hotel at 8 o'clock to a place on the eighth floor, so I
went down there. This was 4 days before the opening of the Bretton
Woods conference. There I was introduced to a short, moustached man
and his name was Harry Dexter White, and everything was perfectly
open and above board, it seemed. He said, generally, "Some of you
perhaps know that a great international meeting is coming up in
Bretton Woods and I would like to brief you people on its significance,
because I understand some of you from time to time are called to work
upon documentary material for the radio and you may need to inter-
pret it to the American people." He further said that we all knew
about the international balance of trade and we hoped to eradicate
the evils inherent in this bv establishing an international bank. At
this point it lost its intrigue to me and became complicated because I
don't understand international trade and the balance of trade, and so
forth. I sat there wishing it would be over soon because it was very
dull. I went home and I never had to use the inside information I
got because there was no way in which it could be used in the way of
program material for the type of work I was doing, but it was a briefing
of people who were considered by the ASP to be responsible and trust-
worthy molders of public opinion. This story I related to you for
whatever it was worth — whatever conclusion you perhaps can draw.
Mr. Tavenner. Can you recall where that meeting was held ?
Mr. Sloane. Yes ; the meeting at Bretton Woods was to open on a
Monday. We can check the newspapers to find the date. It was
before the end of the war in 1945. Bretton Woods was about 1945,
I think. The meeting was on a Friday before. He was on his way up.
Mr. Tavenner. Where was the meeting held ?
Mr. Sloane. At the Astor Hotel, on the eighth floor, in the ASP
offices. They had their offices there at that time. A name source you
can check for this information — more specific information on this —
is Miss Hannah Dorn, who was the girl who used to call me. I do not
mean to imply this person was known to me to be subversive, but she
was the one who always called me. Sometimes she would call and say,
"Allan, something has come up and would you like to do a piece for the
Teachers' Union?" I would say "No" always to that particular
request.
Mr. Tavenner. What officials, if any, of the ASP, were present at the
meeting at which White appeared ?
Mr. Sloane. The person who had called me on the phone and intro-
duced Mr. White to the group was Miss Hannah Dorn, or perhaps the
name was Dorner, I am not certain which is correct.
Mr. Tavenner. Did you learn from Hannah Dorn how arrange-
ments were made for Harry Dexter White to appear at this meeting?
3872 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
Mr. Sloane. No, I didn't, sir. The phrase, as I remember it, was
"an important Government official."
Mr. Tavenner. Did other Government officials accompany Mr.
White or appear at that meeting?
Mr. Sloane. No ; I do not know of any sir. Just Mr. White in a
gray suit.
Mr. Tavenner. You spoke of other occasions when you were re-
quested by a representative of the ASP to make contributions of your
talent in one form or another.
Mr. Sloane. Yes.
Mr. Tavenner. Who was that person?
Mr. Sloane. That person was always Hannah Dorn. I believe she
was the person who, in that particular organization, as in many
organizations, knew various people. She knew, for instance, that
Allan Sloane was a radio writer who could be had and she knew that
So-and-So was an actor who would cooperate, and So-and-So a di-
rector. She knew people all over. You find girls like that in many
organizations who always seem to know whom to call and where they
can be found and things like that.
Air. Tavenner. How many persons attended the meeting addressed
by Mr. White?
Mr. Sloane. I would say two dozen. It was a small room, about
the size of this one, and the chairs around the room were pretty full.
Mr. Tavenner. Can you recall the names of any other persons pres-
ent?
Mr. Sloane. Yes, sir ; I can. Mr. Peter Lyon, a radio writer — who
has recently taken refuge in the fifth amendment. There was a young
poetess, Miss Eve Merriam. Also another radio writer. I don't know
any of the others, or don't remember any of the others. I remember
greeting them.
Mr. Tavenner. Were any of those present personally known to
you to be members of the Communist Party ?
Mr. Sloane. No, sir. But of my own knowledge I do know the
following: That during my roommateship with Millard Lampell,
he would visit Mr. Peter Lyon with frequency, if not regularity, to
discuss with him the work he was doing. The work at the time con-
sisted of a cantata based on the life of Abraham Lincoln.
Mr. Tavenner. Do you know whether the Peter Lyon to whom you
are referring is the same Peter Lyon who, as a witness before the
Internal Security Committee, refused to answer material questions on
the ground that to do so might tend to incriminate himself?
Mr. Sloane. Yes, I do, sir. I do know him to be the same Peter
Lyon through years of professional association.
Mr. Tavenner. Was Millard Lampell a visitor in your home from
time to time?
Mr. Sloane. In my home, during my first marriage, only from time
to time. In my home, during my second marriage, only once.
Mr. Tavknner. What was the occasion for that visit during your
second marriage?
Mr. Sloane. The occasion was, I believe, in connection with the fact
that my name had turned up in Red Channels, a compilation of people
who are listed in connection with various front activities. I had, sub-
sequent to its publication, been discharged from a job I held in radio
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3873
and television. I had consulted with Lampell of my own accord to
see if he had been similarly affected by the book, because he too was
in Red Channels. He was the person who was described in my citation
as my coauthor of the drama "Horror Bomb vs. Humanity." The
coauthor was Lampell. So I wanted to know if there had been any
effect on his employment from this particular publication, so he
dropped up to the house so we could talk about it. He said he was
in the neighborhood and thought it would be a good time to stop by.
That was the only time he ever visited our house.
I should like to add this. While in Europe working for the UN,
my wife and I made the acquaintance of a young Estonian anti-
Soviet, whose father, mother, brother, and younger sister had been
deported to Russia from Estonia, and had escaped by walking 220
kilometers and made his way back to Estonia, his native country, and
hid underground so he could later get out. We met him in a DP
camp and liked him very much and knowing we could bring DP per-
sons into the United States by assuring the proper authorities they
would not become public charges and being responsible for their keep,
we gave him and his family such assurance. So, at the time Mr.
Lampell visited at our home at 17 East 97th Street, Reinnarma, his
wife Kiisu and his baby were sharing our small apartment. I intro-
duced him to Lampell, knowing perhaps that Lampell would not react
pleasantly, but feeling that he might see some humanity here. I told
him Reinnarma's story, and when Reinnarma left the room Lampell
turned to me and said, "How can you bring people like this into your
country ? What kind of thing is this for you to do? A man like this
will take up arms against the Soviet Union !" So I asked him to leave
my house and not to come back again.
Mr. Tavenner. When did this occur?
Mr. Sloane. This occurred — I can place the time when Reinnarma
arrived from Europe with his wife as the day before Christmas in 1949,
and it was just about — I think in — wait a minute — this was in the fall
of 1 950. And that was that.
Mr. Tavenner. If there is anvthing else vou desire to state for the
record, we will be glad to hear it.
Mr. Sloane. Yes. I should like to state the following : I am grateful
for the opportunity, sir, of stating — one is in reference to my own
professional work. I have written literally millions of words, literally
thousands of individual programs and pieces, and only once, to my
knowledge, have I ever used my work to do anything but tell the story
I was assigned to tell. This was rather a humorous incident. It
involves once again the basic ideology that you must continually try
to use what you do to do something. You must make the story bear
a little burden of propaganda. As my roommate used to say — trying
to get across some point or another — "maybe here is a little place to
give them a little freedom."
I was assigned by the program Cavalcade of America, sponsored
by Du Pont, to write about the merchant marine. Here was an op-
portunity to show the type of men who manned our ships were made
up of all kinds and classes. Some had American, some had foreign,
and some had Jewish names. Some were old, and some were young.
So I tried to make this program a simple report and bring out that
the men were not only young mgn,. but there were older men on the
PUBLIC
3874 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
job. So T named one of the characters on the ship Pop Silverman,
partly because 1 thought it would please my father to hear his name
on a program like that, and partly because I wanted to show it took
all kinds of men to man the merchant marine. Surprisingly enough,
as small a thing as this was caught, and the director, in pointing out
several changes to be made, said of this "that old Communist line"
and "everybody lias to have a Jewish name in the script, or an Italian
name — why do you have to do that ? — fix that.'" So I did.
That was the only time I have ever tried to do anything like that.
All other times I have always written what I believed myself — not
what anybody ever told me to say.
I should also like to relate for the record the simple historical fact.
that in 1943, 1, although a member of the Communist Party, registered
with the American Labor Party. I do not remember whether this was
partly because of an understanding that the Communist should dis-
guise himself as the American Labor Party or whether there was a
particular issue involved where an American Labor Party candidate
was running that I wanted to support. This is just a fact I wanted to
set forth for the record.
Mr. Tavenxer. Mr. Sloane
Mr. Sloane. Yes, sir.
Mr. Tavexxer. Have you received propaganda material from front
organizations or from Communist sources in recent years?
Mr. Sloaxe. Yes, I have, sir. At my home in Connecticut where
I have lived for the last — or almost the last 3 years — I have received
propaganda material of foreign origin, both domestic and foreign.
One is a little pamphlet which comes from the Connecticut Peace
Center of Hartford, which plugged the Rosenberg affair when that
was going on. I am not connected with the Connecticut Peace Center.
I know how they got my name, however.
Mr. Tavexxer. How was that ?
Mr. Sloaxe. I was once a subscriber to the newspaper the National
Guardian. The circumstances of my having subscribed are very
interesting. I was at Mr. Lampell's house where Mr. Lampell and
Mr. Rosten. Norman Rosten, and I met to discuss the Horror-Bomb
playlet. Mr. Rosten was trying to get his qtiota of subscribers and I
said, "O. K., I will take one," and he paid the $2 for the subscription
himself. About a year and a half ago I asked them to take my name
off the list. However, I noticed the same addressograph plate had been
used that appealed on the Guardian each week. The same code num-
ber, code 28432, or whatever it was, appeared on the Connecticut
Peace Foundation material, so I know that is where they got my name.
Mr. Tavexxer. Very interesting.
Mi-. Sloaxe. Regarding the foreign propaganda from front or-
ganizations, I have received over a period of some 10 to 12 months the
following: One from Prague, Czechoslovakia, which is a pamphlet en-
titled "Snail Brothers Be * * *." It purports to be an account writ-
ten by the American and British prisoners of war regarding their
treatment at the hands of the Chinese People's Volunteers and Ko-
rean People's Army in POW camps in Korea — published by the Chi-
nese People's Committee for World Peace and Against American
Aggression, Peking, L952. This arrived in the United States mails
from Prague, Czechoslovakia.
Mr. T.w en nkr. Do you know where they got your name?
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3875
Mr. Sloane. No, that I do not know. However, it is fair to point
out that the newspaper the National Guardian, during the period
when no other press association had any information as to who were
prisoners or who were not, did receive the weekly list of prisoners
from China.
The second item which arrived early last year, around February, I
believe, is a sample copy of a magazine entitled People's China which
came to me from Hong Kong. It also included, as a supplemental re-
port, one entitled "Report of the International Scientific Commission
for the Investigation of the Facts Concerning Bacterial Warfare in'
Korea and China."
The latest arrival, I believe 3 months ago, was a copy of a maga-
zine called Inter Camp Olympics, 1952, Pyuktong, D. P. R. K. Inside
it says, "A souvenir of the Inter Camp Olympics 1952, held at Pyuk-
tong, D. P. R. K."
Mr. Tavenner. Will you describe for the record some more facts
regarding the report of the International Scientific Commission for
the investigation of the facts concerning bacterial warfare in Korea
and China ?
Mr. Sloane, Referring to the report of the International Scientific
Commission for the investigation of the facts concerning bacterial
warfare in Korea and China, it was sent as a supplement to the maga-
zine People's China and so arrived at my home, but I have also in my
possession a copy of the same report, word for word, exactly the same
and with the same illustrations and charts, issued by the UN Public
Information Department.
To the best of my knowledge, from newspaper information, the so-
called report of the International Scientific Commission was put out
by a group of scientists, later exposed to have been fellow travelers
as well as scientists.
Mr. Tavenner. What is the nature of the document referred to by
you as having been received by you and entitled "Inter Camp Olym-
ics"?
Mr. Sloane. This is, I confess, the thing that got me the maddest
about these arrivals in the mail. It says on an inside page "Souvenir
of Memories" — and it shows GI prisoners of war of all the nations par-
ticipating on our side in the Korean war racing and playing football
and high jumping. It is very well put together— lots of pictures,
cheer leaders, referees, and everything. The reason I brought this
along with me was that it arrived in the mail just about the same time
as we were getting the stories of what really went on in the prisoner
of war camps. This was obviously an attempt to influence what might
be called the molders of public opinion.
Mr. Tavenner. Did it give you the impression that it was sent to
you to counteract stories of Korean brutalities to American prisoners
and atrocities committed against the prisoners ?
Mr. Sloane. Most definitely. And it also gave me the impression,
which I must confess is somewhat frightening, and can only describe
as follows : As an American Communist, you never do really see your-
self as one aspect of an international conspiracy, but when your home
in Stamford, Conn., is invaded by something from Hong Kong, China,
and something from Prague, Czechoslovakia, and something from
3876 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
England — something you didn't send for — forgive me, sir, your heart
begins to pound. You begin to realize more what it is all about.
I don't want this stuff, and I went to the postmaster and asked him
if he could stop it, and he said no, that it entered through customs and
he had no way of stopping it.
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Chairman, this document entitled "Inter Camp
Olympics" is identical with a document introduced by a former pris-
oner of war who testified in executive session before this committee.
In describing this document the witness said : "This document gives a
very accurate picture of the tactics of Communists, in that it shows
the extreme that they would turn to to create an artificial setup so
different from the actual daily life in the prison camps." It is a
propaganda stunt and completely divorced from the normal routine of
daily life in the camp. This was the first and only such intercamp
organization, and it was the only time the officers had ever been al-
lowed to get together with enlisted men at all. So to say this presents
an actual picture of the prisoners' life — it merely presents a picture
of one exhibit created by the Chinese propagandists. It presents no
picture of the prisoners' life as it really existed.
Another prisoner of war testified regarding this document in the
following language : "This was a lot of malarky, because they can rig
up those pictures the way they want to rig them up."
Mr. Sloane, would you care to leave these documents with us?
Mr. Sloane. Yes, I brought them down for that purpose.
Mr. Tavenner. I offer these documents in evidence and ask that they
be marked "Sloane Exhibits 1, 2, and 3," respectively.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, they will be so admitted into evidence
as marked.
Mr. Sloane. There is one thing more I would like to tell you for
the record. At one time, conferring with Lampell about my involve-
ment in the Red Channels, I was assured by him that perhaps opinion
might be enlisted on my side through the efforts of a little group of
Eeople he was meeting with at that time — people like Dick Lauter-
ach, George Tabori, Cliff Odets, and Joseph Barnes.
May I make a further statement for the record, sir ?
Mr. Tavenner. You may.
Mr. Sloane. I would like to express formally, for the record, my
personal gratitude for this opportunity and my general good feeling
that such an opportunity exists for a human being to talk about his
mistakes and have such mistakes listened to and, I believe, understood.
I am thankful to you, sir, and to the committee for allowing me to come
down and do this.
Mr. Tavenner. Thank you, Mr. Sloane. I have no further ques-
tions, Mr. Velde.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Moulder?
Mr. Moulder. I would like to say this. Mr. Sloane, I have been
greatly impressed by your forthrightness in explaining to the com-
mittee your former membership and activities in the Communist
Party. I commend you for the decision you have made to sever all
ties with the Communist Party. Having corrected your mistake, I
sincerely hope that society will afford you every reasonable oppor-
tunity in the future to use your great talents in the field of your choice.
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3877
Mr. Velde. Mr. Sloane, it is encouraging to note that intelligent per-
sons such as yourself are availing themselves of the invitation extended
by this committee to appear before it and furnish facts relating to the
Communist activities within the United States. You did not appear
here today under any compulsion, directly or indirectly initiated or
executed by the committee, but on the contrary, as you stated, you have
appeared before the committee under the compulsion of your own con-
science. You have made a substantial contribution to the sum total
of knowledge of the committee on the character of activities in which
the Communist Party is engaged. It is noted from your statement
that you are no longer affiliated in any manner with the Communist
Party and that there is no likelihood of repetition of this mistake
by you.
Thank you for your appearance.
(Whereupon the executive session adjourned, 5:30 p. m., January
13, 1954, subject to call of the Chair.)
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTKATION
(Entertainment— Part 1)
MONDAY. JANUARY 18, 1954
United States House of Representatives,
Subcommittee of the Committee
on Un-American Activities,
Washington, D. G.
PUBLIC HEARING
The subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities
met, pursuant to notice, at 10 : 40 a. m., in the caucus room, 362 Old
House Office Building, Hon. Harold H. Velde (chairman) presiding.
Committee members present: Representatives Harold H. Velde,
chairman (appearance noted in transcript), Kit Clardy, Morgan M.
Moulder (appearance noted in transcript), and Clyde Doyle.
Staff members present: Frank S. Tavenner, Jr., counsel, and W.
Jackson Jones, investigator.
Mr. Clardy. The committee will be in session.
Are you ready, Mr. Counsel ?
Mr. Tavenner. Yes, sir.
Mr. Clardy. Call your first witness.
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Howard Bay, will you come forward, please?
Mr. Clardy. May the record show that the chairman has appointed
a subcommittee to conduct the hearing, consisting of Mr. Doyle, of
California, and Mr. Clardy, of Michigan, and I should add the name
of Mr. Moulder.
Will you stand and be sworn ?
Do you solemnly swear the testimony you are about to give will
be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help vou
God?
Mr. Bay. I do.
Mr. Clardy. You may be seated.
TESTIMONY OF HOWARD BAY, ACCOMPANIED BY HIS COUNSEL,
EPHRAIM LONDON
Mr. Bay. Mr. Chairman, I would like not to have-
Mr. Clardy. You can be seated when you address us.
Mr. Bay. I would like not to have television, or movie or press
cameras during the proceedings.
Mr. Clardy. We have made no rules with respect to the taking of
press pictures, and I guess they can be taken now.
3879
3880 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
As to television, I will direct the cameras not to pick you up at
any time during the progress of this hearing. The cameramen, I
trust, understand that.
Are you represented by counsel ?
Mr. Bay. I am.
Mr. Clardy. Will Counsel identify himself for the record?
AIi\ London. Ephraim London.
Mr. Clardy. I take it, Counsel, you are familiar with the rules of
the committee?
Mr. London. I am.
Mi'. Clardy. You have a printed copy of the document we put out
covering that ?
Mr. London. I am afraid not, Mr. Chairman, but I think I am
familiar with them.
Mr. Clardy. Has the witness been given a copy of the printed rules?
Does counsel have a copy we may hand him ?
Mr. Tavenner. No, sir.
Mr. Clardy. Will one of the staff obtain a copy of the rules so that
we may give it to counsel during the progress of the hearing.
They state in substance what I am sure you already know with re-
spect to the right of counsel to advise a witness at all times on his
constitutional rights.
Are you ready, Mr. Counsel ?
Mr Tavenner. Yes, sir.
Mr. Clardy. Proceed.
Mr. Tavenner. When and where were you born, Mr. Bay ?
Mr. Bay. I was born in Centralia, in the State of Washington, May
3, 1912.
(Representative Morgan M. Moulder entered the hearing room at
this point. )
Mr. Tavenner. Will you tell the committee, please, what your for-
mal educational training has been ?
Mr. Bay. I had elementary schools in the States of Washington,
Colorado, Nebraska, and California. I attended college, the Uni-
versity of Washington and the University of Colorado, Westminster
College, Marshall College, and Carnegie Institute of Technology.
Mr. Tavenner. When did you complete your formal educational
training?
Mr. Bay. In the year 1932.
Mr. Tavenner. What is your profession or occupation?
Mr. Bay. I am a designer of scenery for stage, film, and television ;
and a certain amount of commercial designing.
(Representative Clyde Doyle left the hearing room at this point.)
Mr. Tavenner. How long have you been engaged in that work?
Mr. Bay. Approximately 22 to 23 years.
(Representative Harold H. Velde entered the hearing room at this
point.)
Mi-. Tavenner. Where do you reside?
Mr. Bay. In New York City.
Mr. Tavenner. Will you tell the committee briefly, please, where
and how you have been employed in your occupation since 1935 ?
Mr. Bay. As a stage designer the normal procedure is employment
as a free-lance artist for the design and the supervision and the exe-
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3881
cution of scenery properties and lighting. I have designed some 75
Broadway productions, several motion pictures for which I was hired
directly by the studio, and designed several television programs.
Mr. Velde. At this point we will let the record show that I am act-
ing as chairman of the committee and have reconstituted the subcom-
mittee for the purposes of this hearing consisting of Messrs. Clardy,
Moulder, and myself, as chairman of the subcommittee.
Proceed.
Mr. Tavenner. Will you state where you performed the work that
you have described, beginning with 1935 ?
Mr. Bat. Mainly in the city of New York; 2 years in the picture
studios in Hollywood, plus short stints at summer stock theaters, etc.
Mr. Tavenner. What are some of the principal pictures or pro-
ductions in Hollywood in which you took part ?
Mr. Bay. I designed only two complete released motion pictures
in Hollywood — Up in Central Park, and Doug Fairbanks, Jr.'s, The
Exile.
Mr. Tavenner. When did vou go to Hollywood from New York?
Mr. Bay. The spring of 1946.
Mr. Tavenner. How long did you remain there?
Mr. Bay. I had a straight 2-year contract which was terminated
early in 1948, and I returned to New York at that time.
Mr. Tavenner. Has your work required you to return to Hollywood
since the spring of 1948 ?
Mr. Bay. I was hired by the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera Asso-
ciation for a production that they did the summer before last called
Jolly Anna, and I went out and supervised that production. I be-
lieve that is the only time I have been back.
Mr. Tavenner. That would be in the year 1952 ?
Mr. Bay. That is correct.
Mr. Tavenner. How long were you in Hollywood on that occasion?
Mr. Bay. Approximately 3 months.
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Bay, as you probably know, this committee has
been engaged for a considerable period of time in the investigation of
the character, extent, and objects of Communist activities in the enter-
tainment field in general and the moving-picture industry in Holly-
wood in particular. The committee has information indicating that
you are in a position to give it the benefit of some knowledge that
you may have on the subject of the inquiry. For that reason you
have been subpenaed here as a witness to tell the committee what you
know, if anything, regarding Communist activities in Hollywood
during the period that you were there, which appears to be from the
spring of 1946 to early in 1948.
Will you tell the committee, please, whether or not you were aware
during that period of time of the existence of organized groups of
the Communist Party within the entertainment field in Hollywood?
Mr. Bay. I decline to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment, that it might tend to incriminate me, although no
inference should be drawn as to any guilt.
Mr. Velde. I am sorry. I didn't hear the last part of that answer.
Mr. Bay. No inference need be drawn as to any guilt.
Mr. Clardy. Of course, we cannot prevent the drawing of infer-
ences by many people, and it is drawn in many cases, and in many
cases quite properly.
3882 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
I didn't hear that question clearly. Will you repeat it again for
me, because I think it is one the witness should be directed to answer.
Mr. Tavenner. My question was this: As to whether or not the wit-
ness was aware during the period that he was in Hollywood, between
the spring of 194G and early in 1948, of the existence of any organized
groups of the Communist Party within the field of entertainment?
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman, I don't think the application of the
fifth amendment is proper. I ask that he be directed in that instance
to answer the question.
Mr. Velde. Certainly if you are a patriotic, loyal citizen and want
no inferences to be drawn from your failure to answer, you will give
this committee the information at least as to whether you had any
knowledge of the existence of Communist Party activities out in Holly-
wood. So therefore I concur with the gentleman from Michigan and
direct you to answer the question.
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. I don't consider it a question that I want to answer on any
other basis than that I refuse to answer the question on the basis of
the fifth amendment, in that it might tend to incriminate me, although
no inferences should be drawn necessarily of guilt.
Mr. Clardy. If I understand the question correctly, and I think I
do, it carries no implication that you have any criminal knowledge.
It is merely as to whether you have knowledge. It has no implication
as to whether you participated in any criminal conspiracy, or anything
of the sort. That's why I asked the chairman, and he has directed you
to answer it. I think you should reconsider and tell us whether you
had any knowledge whatever about it. That is all the question covers.
Am I correct, Mr. Counsel ?
Mr. Tavenner. Yes, sir.
Mr. Velde. Certainly you can't say that the fifth amendment covers
crimes committed by others than yourself.
Mr. Moulder. I don't recall the question being proposed along the
line as to whether or not he had knowledge, Could you read the ques-
tion as originally given? I understood counsel to make a statement
concerning the period of time he was there and pleading with him to
give the benefit of any information he had concerning such Commu-
nist activities in the entertainment field, and it was not a direct ques-
tion as to whether or not he had knowledge of it.
Mr. Velde. Perhaps we should have the reporter read the original
question back and not as repeated by the counsel.
(Whereupon the question referred to as phrased by Mr. Tavenner
was read by the reporter.)
Mr. Clardy. It isn't the exact meaning. It used the word "knowl-
edge," but it meant, Mr. Moulder, what we have said.
Mr. Moulder. That's right.
Mr. Velde. In other words, if the witness has knowledge of the
( lommunist Party cells operating in Hollywood during that time, even
though he considers I hat belonging to the Communist Party is a crime,
it isn't his own crime, and the fifth amendment certainly was not meant
to protect anybody else than the individual himself against self-
incriminal ion. So. t herefore, it seems to me t hat it is incumbent upon
i lie wit ncss to answer.
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3883
However, since he has been directed to answer the question, and he
has again refused and pleaded the fifth amendment, I think we should
proceed, Mr. Counsel, with further questions.
Mr. Clardy. May I ask a further question at that point?
Mr. Velde. Yes, Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. Witness, so that there will be no misunderstanding on
the record or in your mind, while you were in Hollywood, did any
information come to your attention in any way concerning the exist-
ence of a Communist Party cell, or a Communist movement in Holly-
wood?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. Did you understand my question to carry no implica-
tion of any criminal activity whatsoever on your part ? You so under-
stood it, I am sure, didn't you ?
(At this point.Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. In my replies I have to be the judge of possible self-
incrimination, and I refuse to answer that question again.
Mr. Clardy. We play a small part in that, too.
Mr. Bay. Yes.
Mr. Clardy. But, at any rate, you refuse to answer any questions,
I take it, regarding whether or not there was any Communist activity
brought to your attention ? No matter how I phrase it, you refuse
to answer on the grounds of the fifth amendment ?
Mr. Bay. That is correct.
Mr. Clardy. That is all.
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Bay, while in Hollywood, did you become
acquainted with a person by the name of Leo Townsend ?
Mr. Bay. I know a writer by the name of Leo Townsend in Holly-
wood ; yes.
Mr. Tavenner. Did you at any time visit in his home?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. Mr. Chairman, I don't see how visiting in somebody's
home can incriminate somebody. I ask that you direct him to answer
the question.
Mr. Tavenner. It was a Communist Party meeting.
Mr. Clardy. If it was a Communist Party meeting, that is a dif-
ferent story.
Mr. Velde. Will you withdraw your request?
Mr. Clardy. Obviously, if he attended a Communist Party meet-
ing and he admits it, it wouldn't be incriminating, but he is entitled
to raise the fifth amendment.
Mr. Velde. I disagree with the gentleman. It might be incriminat-
ing if he conspired at the meeting.
Mr. Clardy. That's right. But I said mere attendance wouldn't.
Mr. Moulder. Mr. Tavenner, pardon me for interrupting your line
of questions ; but in the course of the questions asked in the beginning
about your knowledge of any Communist activities in the Hollywood
area or in the entertainment field, would you give the committee or
testify as to any information of Communist activities in the entertain-
ment field which in your opinion would not tend to incriminate you,
if you have such knowledge?
3884 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. It is a highly hypothetical question.
Mr. Moulder. My question is, Do you have any information or
knowledge concerning Communist activities in the entertainment field
in the Hollywood area during that period of time which would not
tend to incriminate you ?
Mr. Bay. It is such a general and hypothetical question that I
wouldn't know properly how to answer it.
Mr. Clardy. There is nothing hypothetical about it. He is merely
asking you if you have any information.
Mr. Moulder. I am asking him if he has any knowledge concerning
Communist activities which in his judgment and opinion wouldn't
tend to incriminate him under the fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. That is what I understood. It is a plain and simple
question that he can answer "yes" or "no."
Mr. Velde. And you still decline to answer the question ?
Mr. Bay. On the grounds of the fifth amendment. Yes.
Mr. Clardy. Do I gather, Witness, you will decline to answer any
question that has the word "Communist" in it anywhere?
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Clardy. You are not allowed to address the committee.
Witness, will you answer my question ?
Mr. Velde. Come to the rostrum.
(Mr. London approaches the rostrum and there is a discussion off
the record.)
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Bay, the person to whom I referred, Leo Town-
send, testified before this committee in Los Angeles on September 18,
1951. He told the committee that he was a radio writer from 1938
until 1941, when he entered the motion-picture field, and that he joined
the Communist. Party in 1943, and severed all connection with the
Communist Party in 1948.
He told the committee that after his return from service in the
Army in 1945 he was a member of three different branches or groups
of the Communist Party. That is, from 1945 until 1948, when he
severed his connections with the Communist Party.
In an executive statement he advised the committee during that
period of time between 1945 and 1948 he was unable to determine just
which branch or group of the Communist Party various persons were
members of. But he identified a number of persons who were known
to him to be members of the Communist Party, and that from time
1<> time they attended Communist Party meetings with him, though he
was unable to identify the specific branch as to the specific individual.
He stated :
Ruth Bay and her husband Howard Bay came into my branch I would say
in 1945 or 1946. I was told they had been transferred from a Communist Party
branch in New York. They were in Hollywood, it seems to me, rather a short
time. I recall seeing them only possibly at 3 or 4 meetings. Howard Bay was
a New York stage set designer. I recall at least one of those meetings having
taken place at my own home on Wonderland Avenue in Hollywood.
Is there any detail of that statement made by Mr. Townsend un-
( 1110?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3885
Mr. Tavenner. Did you unite with or become affiliated with any
branch of the Communist Party while you were in Hollywood between
the spring of 1946 and early 1948 ?
Mr. Bat. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Moulder. Mr. Chairman, some people have complained of
claiming certain charges have been made against people who do not
have an opportunity to appear before the committee and deny it.
As I understand it, you are neither denying nor affirming any part
of the testimony you have heard ?
Mr. Bay. That is correct. I am appealing to the fifth amendment
for possible self-incrimination, although the inference should not be
drawn of guilt.
Mr. Ceardy. That is your wish and hope, but the Congressman is
right. You have no desire here to explain away or to give any other
version than that already on the record, as I understand it?
Mr. Bay. That is correct.
Mr. Clardy. The reason he said it and the reason why I amplify it
is that we have extended this invitation to a great many people to
come in — people who have been named before this committee — and
thus far I have been unable to find a single one who would avail
himself of the opportunity to clear his name, as they call it.
I am getting a little tired of Communists saying we are smearing
good people, when those whose names are mentioned refuse to come
forward.
You have an opportunity — a golden opportunity — to contradict here
what has been said. I don't think you should be at all surprised if I
drew the conclusion that your refusal does exactly what you say you
don't want us to do.
Mr. Tavenner. Were you ever in the home of Mr. Leo Townsend on
Wonderland Avenue in Hollywood?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. Were you a member of the Communist Party prior
to your going to Hollywood in the spring of 1946 ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Bay, the committee has received evidence from
time to time that members of the Communist Party were urged by
the functionaries of the party to assist in Communist Party work by
joining certain mass organizations which are commonly referred to
as Communist Party front organizations.
Our investigation discloses that you were affiliated with or engaged
in the work of a number of such mass organizations. I would like to
ask you regarding some of them for the purpose of determining to
what extent the Communist Party may have played any part in your
joining in that work, if it did.
I have before me a photostatic copy of the September 3, 1940, issue
of the Daily Worker, which carries a listing of the officers of the
American Peace Mobilization. This article carries the statement:
The following were elected to the national council of the American Peace
Mobilization.
Your name is the second name on the list, "Howard Bay."
3886 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
Mr. Clardy. In what capacity is he named, Counsel ?
Mr. Tavenner. As a member of the national council.
Xow, will you examine the document, please, and state whether
or not you were a member of the national council of the American
Peace Mobilization at the time of the publication of that list?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. Will you tell the committee, please, what knowledge
you have, if any, of Communist efforts to infiltrate, or to organize and
control that organization ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Chairman, the American Peace Mobilization
was cited by Attorney General Tom Clark on December 4, 1947, and
again on September 21, 1948. It was also cited by Attorne}' General
Francis Biddle on September 24, 1942.
In the citation by Attorney General Francis Biddle it is stated :
Formed in the summer of 1940 under the auspices of the Communist Party
and the Young Communist League as a "front" organization designed to mold
American opinion against participation in the war against Germany. * * *
The most conspicuous activity of American Peace Mobilization was the picketing
of the White House, which began in April 1941, in protest against lend-lease
and the entire national defense program * * * on the afternoon of June 21,
1941, he [Frederick V. Field, national secretary] suddenly called off the picket
line around the AVhite House.
Mr. Velde. Am I correct, Mr. Counsel, in my belief that the Amer-
ican Peace Mobilization was abandoned shortly after June 21, 1941,
and another name given to the organization, "The People's Mobiliza-
tion"?
Mr. Tavenner. Yes, sir. That is correct.
Mr. Velde. Were you a member of the American People's Mobiliza-
tion?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. I might state, Mr. Chairman, that among the new
Communist fronts that sprang up when the Soviet Union and the
United States were allies in the war against fascism, was the Artists'
Front To Win the War, which began October 16, 1942, and has been
cited by the Attorney General and by this committee.
Examination of a pamphlet entitled "Artists' Front To Win the
War" shows the listing of certain sponsors, and Mr. Bay, your name,
the name of Howard Bay, appears as one of those sponsors.
Is it correct that you were a sponsor of the Artists' Front To Win
the War?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Velde. Did you want to win the war?
Mr. Bay. I will answer that question : Yes, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. There were a lot of American citizens, and in fact every
loyal American citizen certainly wanted to win the war. Is there
anything wrong with your participation in this particular group ? In
oilier words, did they have a title that they wanted or which would
indicate the organization wanted to win the war, and actually they
did not want to win the war?
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3887
Mr. Bat. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Velde (addressing counsel to the witness.) You may confer
with your witness at any time, if you so desire.
Mr. Bay. Mr. Chairman, when Mr. Clardy was chairman before
your entrance, I requested there be no television or movie cameras.
Mr. Clardy. Yes; I told you you would not be televised, but
members of the committee do not object to being recorded.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Bay, it seems to me that you have been asked some
questions that you could have answered without being incriminated
in any way : For instance, this. American Peace Mobilization, which
has been cited, of course, as a Communist-front group by the Attorney
General and this committee and others. The American People's
Mobilization, which was an organization created to replace the Amer-
ican Peace Mobilization. You have been asked about your mem-
bership in those groups particularly.
It seems to me that if you have any desire whatsoever to cooperate
with your Congress in our efforts to rid this country of Communist
influences and Communist conspiracy, you would think your conscience
would dictate to you to assist this committee by answering the ques-
tions that have been propounded to you.
So again I ask you whether any of the questions that have been
asked of you concerning your connections with Communist Party
activities and Communist- front group activities are questions that you
care now to answer and give the committee the benefit of your
information ?
Mr. Bay. Excuse me, Mr. Chairman.
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.) .
Mr. Bay. I am sorry, Mr. Chairman. I have recourse to the fifth
amendment in answer to that.
Mr. Velde. And you do decline to answer that question ? Will you
proceed, Mr. Counsel ?
Mr. Clardy. May I ask a question at that juncture?
Mr. Velde. All right, Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. As I recall it, you were subpenaed to appear at another
place sometime ago, and this is a postponed date, isn't it? In the
interval since you were first subpenaed, have you issued any public
statements denying membership in the Communist Party or saying
anything at all about the Communist Party ?
Mr. Bay. No.
Mr. Clardy. You made no statements at all ?
Mr. Bay. No.
Mr. Moulder. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Moulder.
Mr. Moulder. I don't believe a direct question has been asked him
as to whether or not he is now or whether or not you are now a member
of the Communist Party, and I will ask you that question. Are you
now a member of the Communist Party ?
Mr. Bay. I am not now a member of the Communist Party.
Mr. Clardy. Have you ever been ?
Mr. Bay. I would like to say this •
Mr. Clardy. No. Just answer "Yes" or "No," and then give your
explanation if you have one.
3888 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION ( ENTERTAINMENT )
Mr. Bay. I do not intend to answer any questions prior to 1952.
1 would like to state that I am not and haven't been a member of the
Communist Party in 1952, in 1953, and in the current year.
Mr. Clardy. Of course, that leaves the direct implication that you
were prior to 1952, meaning December 31, 1951, you were a member
of the party. Is that what you want us to think?
Mr. Bay. That inference should not be drawn.
Mr. Clardy. Why?
Mr. Bay. Because I am using the fifth amendment in refusing to
answer any questions prior to 1952.
Mr. Clardy. I will ask you were you a member of the Communist
Tarty on December 31, 1951?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. You leave me no alternative then than to conclude you
were, when you say that, because you have been free to talk about it
since then. Why won't you cooperate with the committee and tell us?
Is there something that you really genuinely fear of a criminal nature
and that you will be involved in a prosecution?
Mr. Bay. I don't think I am called upon to answer the questions.
Mr. Clardy. I wouldn't have asked the question if you weren't.
Mr. Bay. I am not called upon to answer why I use the self-incrim-
ination clause of the fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. I think you are, but you are declining to answer, as I
understand it. Is that correct ?
Mr. Bay. That is correct.
Mr. Moulder. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Moulder.
Mr. Moulder. You have stated that you are not now a member of
the Communist Party. Have you changed your beliefs or philosophy
concerning the purposes and objectives of the Communist, Party, or of
communism, to be more direct? Or is it the same now as it always
was prior to the date — what was the date?
Mr. Clardy. The 1st of January 1952.
Mr. Moulder. The 1st of January 1952.
Mr. Bay. I decline to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment, Mr. Moulder.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Bay, can you name anj'one who has ever been in-
criminated before by this committee, or through this committee hear-
ings, when they have come before this committee and answered the
questions propounded to them truthfully? We have had a great
many witnesses who have come before this committee and admitted
that they had been members of the Communist Party up until very
recently. None of those have ever been incriminated.
Do you think it is reasonable to assume that you will be in some
way incriminated if you answer questions before this committee?
Mr. Bay. That is the assumption that I am proceeding on, Mr.
Chairman.
Mr. Clardy. Of course, you make me think you have something to
hide when you take that position, and I think any reasonable person
will reach that conclusion.
Mr. Moulder. The point that I want to clarify and understand from
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3889
you is whether or not your opinions of the philosophy and the objec-
tives of communism are the same now as they were prior to the 1st
day of January 1952? You have stated that you are not now a mem-
ber of the Communist Party, but is your philosophy and opinion con-
cerning communism the same now as it was then, prior to January 1,
1952?
Mr. Bat. I don't think I am called upon to give answers to questions
of opinions, but generally I will have to answer that question that I
refuse to answer on the basis of the fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. You what?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer the question as far as the record goes
on the basis of the fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. Do you have any knowledge of what the Communist
Party stands for ?
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. Obviously I have a certain knowledge of the Communist
Party, as all citizens, through the press, and so forth.
Mr. Clardy. You approve of the things then that you know of it ?
Mr. Bay. That is a question of opinion. I don't feel called upon
to answer that.
Mr. Clardy. I was not quite sure, to start with. Are you both a
writer and a producer, or just one of them?
Mr. Bay. I am neither a writer nor a producer, Mr. Clardy. I just
design scenery.
Mr. Clardy. You design scenery ? The answers and the questions
were both a little bit low pitched when we started off and I didn't
catch it.
You are a designer solely of scenery ?
Mr. Bay. That is correct.
Mr. Clardy. Have you witnessed any plays, or motion-picture pro-
ductions, in which you recognized Communist propaganda?
Mr. Bay. It is such a general question of opinion I wouldn't know
how to answer that question seriously, Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. You are refusing to answer?
Mr. Bay. I guess' so. Yes.
Mr. Clardy. That is all.
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Bay, were you aware of the change of the
Communist Party line from the time of the American Peace Mobiliza-
tion in June of 1941 and the adoption of the effort to win the war
as shown by the Artists' Front activity in the spring of 1942 ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. The committee has from time to time heard evidence
of benefit parties, or benefit exhibits which were given for the sup-
port of Communist organs such as the Daily Worker and New Masses.
I have before me a photostatic copy of the April 15, 1941, issue
of New Masses, which carries a large advertisement stating, "New
Masses, Second Annual Art Auction." Among the artists repre-
sented is the name of Howard Bay. Will you examine the document,
please, and tell the committee what the nature of that auction was?
That is, what its purpose was ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
3890 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
Mr. Tavenner. The records of the committee reflect that you were
a member of the Citizens Committee To Free Earl Browder in 1942.
Mr. Bay. Excuse me.
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. Could we retract to this a second ?
Mr. Tavenner. Yes.
Mr. Bay. Is there anything beyond what is right here in the photo-
stat ? Does the question go to anything beyond what is the mere facts
presented here of an art auction ?
Mr. Tavenner. I may have other questions to ask you regarding it,
depending on the nature of your answer.
Mr. Bay. All right. My answer stands then on the basis of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. You mean if I would not ask you any more ques-
tions that you would answer the question?
Mr. Velde. Just a minute, Mr. Counsel. You have a right to confer.
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. No. I am sorry. I am sorry.
Mr. Tavenner. Do you have anything to add ?
Mr. Bay. No.
Mr. Tavenner. What is your answer?
Mr. Bay. On the grounds of the fifth amendment I refuse to answer.
Mr. Tavenner. I asked you if you were a member of the Citizens
Committee To Free Earl Browder, as indicated by the appearance
of your name on a list published by that organization, as being one
of a number of persons who had addressed an appeal to the President
for justice in the Browder case.
I am asking you if you were a member of the Citizens Committee
To Free Earl Browder.
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. Were you a member of the Citizens Committee For
Harry Bridges, between 1941 and 1944?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. Counsel, may I ask you a question ?
Mr. Tavenner. Yes, sir.
Mr. Clardy. In regard to those last two questions, has his name
appeared on some printed documents as a member of the groups you
were referring to ?
Mr. Tavenner. Yes, sir.
Mr. Clardy. Then, Mr. Chairman, I think he should be directed
to answer it, if it is a matter of public record.
Mr. Tavenner. I may add, Mr. Chairman, that with regard to the
Citizens Committee For Harry Bridges, the name of Howard Bay
appears as one of a committee of members and sponsors for the Citi-
zens Committee For Harry Bridges, as shown by a publication issued
under the letterhead of that group on September 11, 1941.
The same is true as to June 8, 1943, and January 10, 1944.
Mr. Velde. Did the witness refuse to answer as to whether or not
that statement was true and correct, or did you ask him whether
Mr. Tavenner. No, sir. His answer was he refused to answer on
the ground that to do so might tend to incriminate him or others.
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3891
Mr. Clardy. He was asked whether he was a member of the group,
and since it is a matter of public record I think he should be directed
to answer counsel's question.
Counsel, will you again exhibit the document to him and ask him
if that is a correct listing ?
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Bay, I hand you the three documents which
I read from, constituting the letters on the letterhead of the Citizens
Committee For Harry Bridges, dated September 11, 1941, June 8,
1943, and January 10, 1944, on the back of each of which appears
your name; that is, the name "Howard Bay, Scenic Designer, New
York City," as a committee member and sponsor, which documents
I offer in evidence and ask that they be marked "Bay Exhibits 1, 2,
and 3," respectively.
Mr. Velde. Without objection, they will be so admitted.
(Letters on the letterhead of the Citizens Committee for Harry
Bridges dated September 11, 1941, June 8, 1943 and January 10, 1944,
were so marked "Bay Exhibits Nos. 1, 2, and 3," respectively, and re-
ceived in evidence.)1
Mr. Tavenner. And I ask you whether or not your name appears
on each of those documents.
Mr. Bay. It seems to be a fact that my name appears on these two
documents.
Mr. Tavenner. On the three documents ?
Mr. Bay. On the three documents. You asked me whether I was a
member of these three committees, and I refuse to answer that question
on the grounds of the fifth amendment.
Mr. Velde. If you are incorrectly listed on those documents,
wouldn't you like to have that error removed from the record, or are
you correctly listed on those documents ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the fifth
amendment, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Clardy. In other words, you won't avail yourself of the oppor-
tunity to clear your name, if your name is beclouded by that. That
is your attitude?
Mr. Bay. That is correct.
Mr. Clardy. Let us hear no more then from anybody that they are
not given an opportunity.
Mr. Velde. I concur with you on that.
Mr. Clardy. I am sick and tired of having it appear to the contrary.
Mr. Tavenner. I hand you a photostatic copy of a page from the
December 22, 1943, issue of the New York Times, in which there is a
picture and a list of signers of a declaration, the title of which is, "The
Fire That Has Been Burning for 10 Years," and put out under the
auspices of the Reichstag Fire Trial Anniversary Committee, Paul
Robeson, chairman. Among the signers of this declaration appears
the name Howard Bay.
Will you examine it and state whether or not it shows that you were
one of the signers and whether your name appears there ?
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. Might I ask a question?
Mr. Tavenner. Yes.
1 Retained in committee files.
3892 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
Mr. Bay. Is this committee on the Attorney General's list and on
your list of subversive organizations?
Mr. Ta vex nek. This organization was cited as a Communist front
formed in December 1943 by prominent Communists and Communist
sympathizers to honor Georgi Dimitrov, former head of the Commu-
nist International.
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. In that case
Mr. Tavenner. By the Special Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties, report of March 29, 1944.
Mr. Bay. On that basis then I would decline on the basis of the fifth
amendment to answer that question.
Mr. Clardy. I can't hear that answer.
Mr. Bay. I decline to answer the question on the basis of the fifth
amendment, Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Tavenner. I desire to offer the document in evidence and ask
it be marked "Bay Exhibit 4."
(Photostatic copy of a page from the December 22, 1943, issue of
the New York Times was marked "Bay Exhibit No. 4"' for identifica-
tion and received in evidence.)
Mr. Tavenner. Were you a member of the National Federation for
Constitutional Liberties ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. May I ask a question, Mr. Chairman?
Mr. Velde. Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. Since January 1, 1952, have you resigned from any of
these organizations that have been named ?
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. I decline to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. Are you a member of any of those organizations today ?
Mr. Bay. No.
Mr. Clardy. Why won't you tell me then when you resigned or
whether you resigned ?
Mr. Bay. The inference of the question is something that requires
me to answer on the grounds of the fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. No. It does not require you at all. That is your own
choosing.
Mr. Bay. I choose to, then.
Mr. Tavenner. I hand you a document entitled, "Urgent Summons
to a Congress on Civil Eights To Be Held in Detroit April 27 and 28,
1946," on the back of which appears a partial list of sponsors. Will
you examine the document, please, and refer to the printed list on the
back where your name appears — the name Howard Bay. Do you
see it there?
Mr. Bay. I will answer that as I answered before. It is obviously
a fact my name appears on this, but
Mr. Tavenner. Will you read your title that appears after your
name ?
Mr. Bat. President of the United Scenic Artists, Local 829.
Mr. Tavenner. Where was that local? Was that in Hollywood or
was it in New York?
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3893
Mr. Bay. It is in New York. It is a union of the designers and
scenic artists in the theater and motion picture on the east coast, and
the theater generally. It is affiliated with the Brotherhood of Painters
and Paperhangers of the A. F. of L., probably one of the most conserv-
ative unions in America.
Mr. Tavenner. During the time you were president of the United
Scenic Artists Local, were you a member of the Communist Party ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that on the grounds of the fifth amend-
ment.
Mr. Tavenner. Were you president of the east coast local at the
time you were in Hollywood ?
Mr. Bay. I maintained my membership, if that is the question.
( At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. Was I president? No. Of course not.
Mr. Tavenner. Without any reference to yourself, will you tell the
committee whether or not there were any persons known to you to be
members of the Communist Party who were officials of that local in
1946?
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. I decline to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. Wouldn't it be very unfair for that local for you
to take that position unless you had knowledge that there were no
persons in the official family of that local who were members of the
Communist Party ?
Mr. Bay. Actually that question does not disturb me because it
happens to be before, during, and after my tenure of presidency to be
one of the most conservative apolitical organizations in the A. F. of L.
So that I am not afraid of any repercussions of my answer to that
question.
Mr. Clardy. Then why don't you answer it ?
Mr. Bay. I decline to answer the question on the basis of the fifth
amendment.
Mr. Clardy. Of course, that isn't answering it.
Mr. Velde. Was the local of this particular union ever cited by
anyone as ever being subversive?
Mr. Tavenner. No, sir. I don't want the record of this hearing to
indicate that the committee has any such information.
Mr. Velde. Certainly, the Chair concurs with the gentleman from
Michigan in that respect, and you are directed to answer the question.
I think maybe we had better repeat that question again. Will the
reporter read the original question back relative to the membership
in the local union of the A. F. of L. ?
Mr. Clardy. And also read back that part in which he said he had
no fear of answering the question.
Mr. Velde. Read the original question.
(Whereupon the question referred to was read by the reporter.)
Mr. Bay. Insofar as the question assumes I would have such knowl-
edge, I decline to answer the question on the basis of the fifth amend-
ment.
Mr. Velde. Then, Mr. Witness, you are directed to answer the
question.
Mr. Bay. I decline on the basis of the fifth amendment, Mr. Chair-
man.
3894 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT,
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Bay, I have before me a statement signed by
certain individuals. It is a pamphlet entitled "A Statement Calling
for the Peaceful Settlement of U. S.-U. S. S. R. Differences," which
was published by the National Council of American-Soviet Friend-
ship. Your name is listed as one of those signing the document.
Do you see vour name appearing there ?
Mr. Bat. Yes.
Mr. Tavexner. Did you authorize the use of your name?
Mr. Bat. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Velde. Counsel, I think you have two questions there in one.
Will you ask them separately ?
Mr. Tavenner. I asked him if he recognized his name there, and I
believe your answer was you did.
Mr. Bat. Yes. I recognize it. It is obviously a fact my name
appears here.
Mr. Tavenner. Did you authorize the use of your name ?
Mr. Bat. That question I refuse to answer on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardt. Was your name used without your authorization?
Mr. Bat. I refuse to answer that question because it is the same ques-
tion, on the grounds of the fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardt. Did you ever notice it having been published after
it was done ?
Mr. Bat. I refuse to answer that question the grounds of the fifth
amendment.
Mr. Clardt. Did you ever make any complaint or register any objec-
tion to your name appearing ?
Mr. Bat. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardt. Did a copy of it ever come to your attention before
today ?
Mr. Bat. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the fifth
amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. I desire to offer this document in evidence and ask
that it be marked "Bay Exhibit No. 5."
(Pamphlet entitled "A Statement Calling for the Peaceful Settle-
ment of U. S.-U. S. S. R. Differences" was so marked "Bay Exhibit
No. 5" for identification and received in evidence.)
Mr. Tavenner. The organization the National Council of Ameri-
can-Soviet Friendship has been cited, of course, by the Attorney Gen-
eral and this committee. Were you a member of the National Council
of Arts, Sciences, and Professions?
Mr. Bat. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. The organization has been cited, as the committee
well knows.
Mr. Clardt. That is an organization that Albert Einstein belongs
to ; isn't it? He is a member ?
Mr. Tavenner. I wouldn't undertake to say.
Mr. Clardt. He belongs to something like it.
Mr. Tavenner. In 1945, Mr. Bay, Benjamin Davis was a candidate
for political office on the Communist Party ticket in New York as
councilman. There was formed a group known as the Artists, Writ-
COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT) 3895
ers, and Professional Groups for the Reelection of Benjamin J. Davis.
The announcement of the formation of this group was made by Paul
Robeson, chairman of the group. I refer to the September 25, 1945,
issue of the Daily Worker, where those facts are set forth.
In the article you are listed — that is, the name Howard Bay is
listed as one of the sponsors. Will you examine it, please, and state
the circumstances under which you lent your support to the election
of Benjamin Davis on the Communist Party ticket to the position
of councilman of New York city, if you did ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. Do you know Mr. Davis ? Your answer is "No" ?
Mr. Bay. No.
Mr. Clardy. You never met him ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Clardy. Have you ever attended any meetings at which he
was present ?
(At this point Mr. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. Mr. Bay, in the course of the testimony of Leo Town-
send in Hollj'wood he described an emergency fund drive for $60,000
to be used for some purpose of the Communist Party in New York
City. He testified that the information was abroad that some Com-
munist Party members were mortgaging their homes to make contri-
butions to that fund drive. Were you aware while you were in Holly-
wood of the making of such a campaign, or the conducting of such a
campaign for funds for the Communist Party ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. Were you solicited to contribute to that fund ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. Did you ever contribute in any way to the coffers of
the Communist Party anywhere?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Clardy. Were you ever assessed, as a great many professional
people have told us they were assessed, a percentage of their earnings ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. The committee is unaware of the exact purpose
for which that fund of $60,000 was to be spent in New York City.
Do you have any knowledge of the use to which the fund was to be put ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds of the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tavenner. I have no further questions, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. Do you have any questions, Mr. Clardy ?
Mr. Clardy. Just a few.
Did you ever read the Daily Worker?
3896 COMMUNIST METHODS OF INFILTRATION (ENTERTAINMENT)
Mr. Bay. 1 think I have read the Daily Worker. I have read most
every publication at one time or another.
Mr. Clardy. Have you read the Daily Worker as a steady diet, more
or less?
Mr. Bay. Xo.
Mr. Clardy. Have you read it since January 1, 1052?
Mr. Bay. Possibly 1 or 2 stray copies. I wouldn't know.
Mr. Clardy. Have you since January 1, 1952, attended any meet-
ings at which persons you knew to be Communists also attended?
(At this point Mi-. Bay conferred with Mr. London.)
Mr. Bay. No.
Mr. Clardy. Did you do so prior to January 1, 1052 ?
Mr. Bay. I refuse to answer that on the grounds of the fifth amend-
ment, Mr. Clardy.
Mr. Clardy. Since January 1, 1952, have you at any time had con-
versations with any person that you knew to be a Communist?
Mr. Bay. The question assumes I would have such knowledge, so
I decline to answer that question on the grounds of the fifth
amendment.
Mr. Clardy. I assume you will also decline if I ask you the same
question with regard to the period prior to 1952 ?
Mr. Bay. That is correct,
Mr. Clardy. And I understand you also decline to answer any
questions with respect to any contributions or payment of dues, or
money of any sort, to the Communist cause ?
Mr. Bay. That is correct.
Mr. Clardy. That is all I have.
Mr. Velde. Mr. Moulder.
Mr. Moulder. No questions, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Velde. I have no further questions, Mr. Counsel. Do we have
any further witnesses to appear today ?
Mr. Tavenner. No, sir.
Mr. Velde. The witness is excused and the meeting is adjourned
till further call of the Chair.
(Whereupon, at 11:55 a. m. the hearing was adjourned subject
to the call of the Chair.)
INDEX
Individuals
Page
Adomian, Lan 3864-3807
Barnes, Joseph 3876
Buy, Howard 3879-3896 (testimony)
Bay, Ruth 3884
Beria 3834
Biddle, Francis 3886
Bridges, Harry 3890, 3891
Browder, Earl 3861, 8890
Browder, William__ 3861, 3862
Burney, Lois 3869
Clark, Tom 3886
Coffey. Pat 3868
Davidson, Jo 3869
Davis, Benjamin J 3894,3895
de Haviland, Olivia 3864
Dimitrov, Georgi 3802
Dorn, Hannah (Dorner) 3S71, 3872
Einstein, Albert 3894
Ellington. Duke 3864
Field, Frederick V 3886
Field, Marshall 3856
Hammerstein, Oscar 3862
Howard, Charles P 3870
Jerome, V. J _ 3866
LaGuardia, Mayor 3856
Lampell, Millard (alias Mike Landon) 3856-
3859, 3861-3863, 3869, 3870, 3872-3874
Lauterbach, Dick 3876
London. Ephraim - 3879-3896
Lyon. Peter 3872
Merriam. Eve 3872
Odets, Clifford 3876
Reinnarma 3873
Reinnarma, Kiisu 3873
Robeson, Paul _— 3865, 3895
Rodgers 3862
Roosevelt, Eleanor 3869
Rosenberg, Ethel 3874
Rosenberg, Julius 3874
Rosten, Norman 3874
Shostakovich. 3806
Schulberg, Budd 3853
Silverman, Allan. (See Sloane, Allan E.)
Silverman, "Pop" 3874
Sloane, Allan E. (Allan Silverman) 3851-3877 (testimony)
Smith, Sidney V 3851-3877
Strauss, Mr 3869
Tabori, George — 3876
Townsend, Leo 38S3-3885, 3895
Wallace, Henry 3869, 3870
White, Harry Dexter 3871, 3S72
3897
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
III III] INDEX
3 9999 05445 4960
O ^^^i* V^-r-rw ORGANIZATIONS
Page
Abraham Lincoln Brigade 3865, 3866
Agricultural Adjustment Administration 3857
Almanac Singers 3857-3859, 3870
American Federation of Labor 3893
American Jewish Committee 3854
American Labor Party 3874
American Legion 3853, 3854
American Medical Association 3854
American Peace Mobilization 3885-3887, 3880
American People's Mobilization 3886, 3887
Artist's Front To Win the War 3886, 3889
Artists Writers, and Professional Groups for the Reelection of Benjamin
J. Davis 3894, 3895
Bretton Woods Conference 3871
Brotherhood of Painters and Paperhangers, AFL 3893
Carnegie Institute of Technology 3880
Cerebral Palsy Foundation 3853
Chinese People's Committee for World Peace and Against American Ag-
gression 3874
Chinese People's Volunteers 3874
Citizens Committee for Harry Bridges 3890, 3891
Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder 3890
College of the City of New York 3852, 3856,3857
Columbia Broadcasting System 3854
Columbia University, School of Journalism 3852
Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions (ASP)— 3860,3864,3869-3872
Communist Party ___ 3853, 3855-3862, 3864-3866, 3870, 3872, 3883-3889, 3894, 3895
Communist Party, New York City - 3859
Communist Political Association 3860
Connecticut Peace Center 3874
Connecticut Peace Foundation 3874
FBI 3868
International Commission for Investigation of Facts Concerning Bacterial
Warfare in Korea and China 3875
Jefferson Bookshop 3858, 3859
Jewish Board of Guardians 3854
Korean People's Army 3874
Los Angeles Civic Light Opera Association 3881
Lutheran World Federation 3854
Marshall College ."880
Music War Committee 3862, 3868
Mutual Broadcasting System 3854
National Broadcasting Company 3854
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship 3S94
National Council of Arts, Sciences, and Professions 8894
National Federation for Constitutional Liberties 3892
Office of War Information 3855
Progressive Party 3869, 3870
Reichstag Fire Trial Anniversary Committee 3891
Sun Oil Co 385S
Teachers Union , 3871
United Jewish Appeal 3854, 8855
United Nations 3853-3855, 887:;
UN Public Information Department ,._ 3875
United Scenic Artists, Local 829, New York 3892, 3893
United States Army 385:;
United States Navy 3854
University of Colorado 3880
University of Washington 3880
Village Club, Communist Party 3857
Visiting Nurse Association 3854
West minster College.. 3060
Women's Auxiliary Corps 3862
index 3899
Page
Young Communist League 3886
Young Men's Christian Association 3854
Young Women's Christian Association 3854
Publications
Daily Worker 3857, 3859, 3861, 3885, 3889, 3895, 3896
Inter Camp Olympics (magazine) 3875,3876
National Guardian 3874, 3875
New Masses 3857, 3889
New Republic 3857
News Scope (magazine) 3869
New York Times 3855,3891
Parade Magazine 3856, 3860, 3868
People's China (magazine) 3875
Red Channels 3872, 3873, 3876
o
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3 9999 05445 4572
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