Skip to main content

Full text of "Communist threat to the United States through the Caribbean. Hearings before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-sixth Congress, first session .."

See other formats 


|igpfl§fi|;ia|;pyf?!:^;^^??^^ 


mm 


!-&■ 


clV? 


0  *9335.4A334 


ch 


pts .  I- 


Id 


>£. 


a' 


^-0^ 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  THE  UNITED  STATES 
THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 


HEARING 

BEFORE  THE 

SUBCOMMITTEE  TO  INVESTIGATE  THE 

ADMINISTEATION  OF  THE  INTEKNAL  SECURITY 

ACT  AND  OTHEE  INTERNAL  SECURITY  LAWS 

OF  THE 

COMMITTEE  ^N^  THE  JUDICIARY 
UMTilD  STATES  SEMTE 

EIGHTY-SIXTH  CONGRESS 

SECOND  SESSION 


PART  8A 


MAY  9,  1960 


Printed  for  the  use  of  the  Ck)mmittee  on  the  Judiciary 


UNITED  STATES 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
43354  0  WASHINGTON  :   1960 


COMMITTEE  ON  THE  JUDICIARY 


JAMES  O.  EASTLAND,  Mississippi,  Chairman 


ESTES  KEFAUVER,  Tennessee 
OLIN  D.  JOHNSTON,  Soutii  Carolina 
THOMAS  C.  HENNINGS,  Jr.,  Missouri 
JOHN  L.  McCLEI^LAN,  Arkansas 
JOSEPH  C.  O'MAHONEY,  Wyoming 
SAM  J.  ERVIN,  Jr.,  North  Carolina 
JOHN  A.  CARROLL,  Colorado 
THOMAS  J.  DODD,  Cennecticut 
PHILIP  A.  HART,  Michigan 


ALEXANDER  WILEY,  Wisconsin 
EVERETT  MCKINLEY  DIRKSEN,  Illinois 
ROMAN  L.  HRUSKA,  Nebraska 
KENNETH  B.  KEATING,  New  York 
NORRIS  COTTON,  New  Hampshire 


Subcommittee  To  Investigate  the  Administration  of  the  Internal  Security 
Act  and  Other  Internal  Security  Laws 

JAMES  O.  EASTLAND,  Mississippi,  Chairman 
THOMAS  J.  DODD,  Connecticut,  Vice  Chairman 
OLIN  D.  JOHNSTON,  South  Carolina  ROMAN  L.  HRUSKA,  Nebraska 

JOHN  L.  McCLELLAN,  Arkansas  EVERETT  McKINLEY  DIRKSEN,  Illinois 

SAM  J.  ERVIN,  Jr.,  North  Carolina  KENNETH  B.  KEATING,  New  York 

NORRIS  COTTON,  New  Hampshire 
J.  G.  SouRwiNE,  Counsel 
Bbnjamin  Mandkl,  Director  of  Research 


CONTENTS 


Witness :  Page 

Gonzales  y  Gonzales,  Dr.  Arsenio 635 

Ruiloba  Diaz,  Maximo 523 

Silva  Hernandez.  Aurelio 526 

III 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  THE  UNITED  STATES 
THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 


MONDAY,  MAY  9,   1960 

U.S.  Senate,  Subcommittee  To  Investigate  the 
Administration  of  the  Internal.  Security  Act 

AND  Other  Internal  Security  Laws, 

OF  THE  Committee  on  the  Judiciary, 

Washington^  D.C. 

The  subcommittee  met,  pursuant  to  recess,  at  10 :4:5  a.m.,  in  room 
2228,  New  Senate  Office  Building,  Senator  Thomas  J.  Dodd  presiding. 

Also  present:  J.  G.  Sourwine,  chief  counsel;  Benjamin  Mandel, 
director  of  research;  and  Frank  "W.  Schroeder,  chief  investigator. 

Senator  Dodd.  The  hearing  will  come  to  order. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Mr.  Maximo  Kuiloba  Diaz, 

Senator  Dodd.  Will  you  raise  your  right  hand  ? 

Do  you  solemnly  swear  the  testimony  you  are  about  to  give  before 
this  subcommittee  will  be  the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but 
the  truth,  so  help  you  God? 

Mr.  Ruiloba.  I  swear. 

TESTIMONY  OF  MAXIMO  RUILOBA  DIAZ  (THROUGH  AN 

INTERPRETER) 

Senator  Dodd.  Be  seated  and  give  us  your  name  and  address. 

Mr.  Ruiloba.  Maximo  Ruiloba  Diaz. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Are  you  a  civil  servant  in  Cuba  ? 

Mr.  Ruiloba.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Souravine.  For  how  long  ? 

Mr.  Ruiloba.  During  different  periods,  for  21  years. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Under  how  many  different  presidents  ? 

Mr.  Ruiloba.  President  Batista,  Dr.  Grau  San  Martin,  Dr.  Carlos 
Prio,  and  again  for  President  Batista. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Did  you  work  under  Salvador  Diaz-Verson? 

Mr.  Ruiloba.  In  the  year  of  1948  until  1952. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  You  have  then  been  connected  Avith  BR  AC  ? 

Mr.  Ruiloba.  I  was  chief  of  an  office  of  dispatch. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  What  was  the  office  of  which  you  were  chief? 

Mr.  Ruiloba.  In  1955,  they  opened  this  office  with  the  object  of 
suppressing  Communist  activities  in  Cuba. 

Mr.  Souraat:ne.  Suppressing  Communist  activities  in  Cuba? 

Mr.  Ruiloba.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Souravine.  What  was  the  branch  or  division  or  bureau  of  which 
you  were  the  head? 

Mr.  Ruiloba,  Of  the  central  office. 

523 


524       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Did  your  duties  include  the  compilation  of  files  and 
records  on  Communists  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Did  you  also  compile  records  of  Americans  in 
Cuba? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  I  don't  remember.    I  never  saw  them. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  You  compiled  records  and  files  only  on  Commu- 
nists, is  that  correct  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  Solely  on  the  Communists,  exclusively. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  And  you  do  not  recall  that  any  of  those  Commu- 
nists whose  records  you  compiled  were  Americans  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  Yes. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Do  you  recall  any  American  Communists  in  Cuba 
whose  records  you  compiled  ? 

Mr,  RuiLOBA.  I  do  not  remember  any. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Did  you  give  us  in  executive  session  the  names  of 
many  persons  in  Cuba  having  Communist  backgrounds? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  Yes,  I  do  remember  having  given  it  to  you. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE."  And  some  of  those  persons  were  individuals  who 
were  in  the  Castro  government  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  In  accordance  with  our  records,  there  are  those  of 
now  Captain  Nunez  Jimenez,  Budilo  Castillanos,  Director  of  the 
Tourist  Department;  Alfredo  Guevara,  Director  of  the  Film  In- 
dustry ;  Alberto  Carpeno  Santos,  of  the  National  Institute  of  Agrar- 
ian Reform ;  Castro  Furaguot,  of  the  same  organization. 

At  this  moment  I  cannot  recall  more.  I  don't  have  the  documents 
now.  But  in  that  organization  there  were  six  members  that  were 
members  of  the  party. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  Do  you  know  of  any  reason  why  the  names  you 
have  already  given  us  in  executive  session  should  not  be  made  a  part 
of  this  public  record  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  No,  I  see  no  reason  why  they  should  not  form  part 
of  this  record. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  ask  that  the  order  be  that,  subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  subcommittee,  the  names  previously  given  by 
this  witness  in  executive  session  may  go  in  the  record  at  this  point. 

Senator  Dodd.  Yes,  they  will  be  included. 

(A  summai-y  of  the  pertinent  parts  of  Mr.  Ruiloba's  executive  testi- 
mony follows:) 

In  his  executive  hearing,  held  in  Miami  Beach,  Fla.,  July  25,  1959,  Mr.  Ruiloba 
described  Dr.  Carlos  Rafael  Rodriguez  as  "the  mentor  of  the  Communist  Party, 
Latin  America." 

He  also  said  "acting  as  chief  [of  the  Castro  forces]  in  Las  Villas  province 
was  a  detached  Communist,  Segundo  Manuel  del  Paso  Cevallo." 

Senator  Hruska,  then  presiding,  pronounced  the  name  Nunez  .Jimenez  and 
asked:  "Was  he  a  Conununist?"  Ruiloba  replied:  "Yes;  he  attended  confer- 
ences of  Communist  fronts.    He  doesn't  deny  it." 

A.sked  regarding  Castro's  executive  committee,  the  witness  replied :  "The  nine 
in  the  executive  committee  have  all  Communist  backgrounds.  I  remember  the 
name  of  Dr.  Castro  Furaguot.  He  was  an  affiliate  of  the  Communist  Party.  He 
took  part  in  active  Communist  activities.  I  remember  Dr.  Waldo  Medina.  He 
is  the  legal  counselor.  He  was  always  in  all  Communist  fronts  with  the  Com- 
munist leadership.  We  never  found  him  to  be  an  affiliate  of  the  Communist 
Party  because  he  was  a  judge  and  the  .Judges  could  not — were  not  permitted 
to  affiliate  themselves  with  any  party.  "All  nine"  of  the  exec-utive  committee, 
he  said,  "had  files  in  the  BRAC,"  adding,  "I  only  remember  these  two  names 
now." 


COMMLTNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       525 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  What  happened  to  the  files  and  records  on  Com- 
munists in  BRAC  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  On  January  4,  1959,  there  appeared  at  the  office  of 
BRAC,  Capt.  Nunez  Jimenez,  who  had  a  document  signed  by  Dr. 
Ernest  Guevara,  director  of  the  Fort  La  Cabana,  in  order  that  de- 
livery be  made,  the  archives  and  the  cars,  to  be  transported  to  the 
fort.  That  same  morning,  in  four  trucks,  military  personnel  of  the 
Cabana  proceeded  with  soldiers,  with  all  the  archives,  to  that  place. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  That  was  on  the  order  of  "Che"  Guevara  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  With  an  official  communication  from  "Che"  Guevara. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  And  the  files  were  physically  taken  away  by  a  force 
under  the  command  of  Nunez  Jimenez  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  Capt.  Nunez  Jimenez  was  the  carrier  of  the  letter 
signed  by  Dr.  Guevara,  ordering  the  transportation  of  those  archives 
to  the  Cabana.  The  letter  was  addressed  to  Capt.  Sergo  Jevaya, 
named  director  of  that  organization,  and  who  at  present  is  chief  of 
the  air  force  in  Cuba. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Do  you  know  what  happened  to  these  archives  of 
the  anti-Communist  unit  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  The  archives  were  all  in  a  unit  included. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Do  you  know  what  happened  to  them  after  they 
were  taken  away  by  this  armed  force  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  I  understand  that  those  archives  have  been  used  so 
that  the  Communist  Party  could  know  up  to  what  extent  the  organiza- 
tions in  charge  of  the  suppression  of  Communist  activities  had  pene- 
trated. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  From  what  source  do  you  understand  this? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  The  information  is  through  by  a  person  within  the 
party  that  worked  for  us,  who  was  then  at  the  Cabana. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  You  mean  you  have  it  from  a  confidential  informant 
whom  you  trust  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  Yes,  sir,  because  he  had  been  working  with  me  for 
years. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Do  you  feel  that  you  should  not  reveal  the  name  of 
this  informant  in  order  to  protect  him  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  I  have  to  protect  him. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  What  can  you  tell  us  about  Communist  propaganda 
coming  into  Cuba  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  On  the  first  days  of  January  of  1959,  through  the  cus- 
toms of  Havana,  mail  arrived  of  Communist  propaganda  coming  from 
countries  behind  the  Iron  Curtain  in  quantities  of  10  or  12  suitcases 
which  mail  and  propaganda  on  previous  times  was  excluded  by  the 
Cuban  Government.  From  that  date  on,  they  were  delivered  to  the 
party. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Wliere  did  this  material  come  from,  if  you  know? 

Mr,  RuiLOBA.  From  China,  Czechoslovakia,  Russia,  Mexico.  Those 
were  the  principal  countries  that  mailed. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  What  can  you  tell  us  about  Communist  Party  offices 
and  headquarters  in  Havana  and  elsewhere  in  Cuba  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  After  the  1st  of  January  of  1959,  the  first  work  of  the 
Communist  Party  in  Cuba  was  to  begin  the  opening  of,  in  the  various 
townships  in  Havana,  to  open  again  their  offices — propaganda  and 
agitation — next  to  the  office  at  Carlos  Cento,  609 — it  was  a  place  where 


526       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

the  general  headquarters  of  the  Communist  Party  used  to  function. 
A^Hien  the  building  was  occupied,  they  opened  an  office  next  to  it. 

Within  the  country,  I  understand,  they  also  opened  their  offices. 
And  the  curious  case  comes  to  light  that  when  all  the  political  parties 
ceased  in  Cuba,  from  the  year  of  1959,  the  Socialist  Popular  Party 

re  surges. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Are  there  Communist  Party  headquarters,  meetnig 
places  at  various  points  in  Havana  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  How  many  such  offices  would  you  say  there  are  m 

Havana  ? 

Mr.  Rfiloba.  When  I  left  Havana  in  May  of  1959,  I  knew  nme 

offices  which  were  open. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  Were  these  what  you  might  call  neighborhood  of- 
fices of  the  Communist  Party,  or  were  they  offices  of  different  branches, 
having  special  purposes  ? 

Mr.  RuiLOBA.  No,  they  are  neighborhood  branches. 

Mr.  SouRwixE.  They  were  what? 

The  Interpreter.  They  were  neighborhood  branches. 

Mr.  SotTRwiNE.  What  can  you  tell  us  about  Communist  indoctrina- 
tion at  the  Cabana  ? 

The  Interpreter.  The  information  that  I  had  was  that  inclusive 
within  the  military  department  of  La  Cabana,  they  received  Com- 
munist indoctrination  to  the  troops  therein.  Inclusive  propaganda 
was  distributed  of  the  Communist  Party. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Do  you  have  information  respecting  activities  in 
the  Miami  area  of  the\hiited  States,  activities  by  Castro  forces  and 
Castro  people  ? 

The  Interprpter.  No,  sir ;  I  have  no  information  in  that  matter. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  I  have  no  more  questions  of  this  witness. 

Senator  Dodd.  Very  well.  Tliank  you  very  much. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Aurelio  Silva  Hernandez. 

Senator  Dodd.  Will  you  stand  and  raise  your  right  hand,  please  ? 

Do  you  solemnly  swear  that  the  testimony  you  are  about  to  give  will 
be  thetruth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth  ? 

Mr.  Hernandez.  Yes. 

TESTIMONY  OF  ATJRELIO  SILVA  HERNANDEZ 
(THROUGH  AN  INTERPRETER) 

Senator  Dodd.  Have  a  chair  and  give  us  your  name  and  address. 
Mr.  Silva.  Aurelio  Silva  Hernandez. 
Senator  Dodd.  All  right,  Mr.  Sourwine. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  You  have  been  a  Government  official  in  Cuba  ? 
Mr.  Silva.  During  36  years. 
Mr.  Sourwine.  You  are  a  career  civil  servant  ? 
Mr.  Silva.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Did  you  serve  under  Batista? 
Mr.  Silva,  Yes,  sir ;  like  I  served  under  different  governments. 
Mr.  Sourwine.  Were  you  a  Batista  supporter? 

Mr.  Silva.  I  never  supported  any  government.     I  supported  the 
Republic. 


COIVIMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       527 

Mr.  SouRwiXE.  Did  you    favor  the   revolution  which  overthrew 
Batista? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  SoLTRwiNE.  Would  you  favor  the  return  of  Batista  to  power? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  No,  sir.    I  believe  he  is  obnoxious  and  negative. 

Senator  Dodd.  1  didn't  get  your  translation.    What  was  the  word  ? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  I  don't  favor  him.     I  think  he  is  obnoxious  and  negative. 

Senator  Dodd.  Obnoxious,  is  that  the  word  ? 

The  Interpreter.  You  want  me  to  explain  what  I  mean  by  that? 

Senator  Dodd.  I  just  want  you  to  tell  me  what  you  are  saying. 

The  Interpreter.  Obnoxious. 

Senator  Dodd.  Nauseous  in  English,  isn't  it? 

The  Interpreter.  Well,  it  is  poisonous,  sir. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Were  you  an  official  of  the  investigative  department 
of  the  National  Police  in  Cuba  ? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  The  Department  of  Investigation,  always. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  I  didn't  understand  the  answer. 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Department  of  Investigation,  always. 

Mr.  SorRwiNE.  Did  you  have  as  part  of  your  duty  the  conducting  of 
investigations  on  subversives  in  Cuba? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Of  everything. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Did  you  conduct  investigations  with  respect  to  a 
number  of  such  subversives  ? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Of  many. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  Did  you  have  large  files  on  many  of  these  individ- 
uals? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Very  much. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Were  you,  youi-self,  personally  familiar  with  many 
details  of  the  records  of  these  individuals  ? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Yes,  sir;  I  completely  am  familiarized  with  the  records 
of  these  people. 

Mr.  SouRAviNE.  Have  you  furnished  the  subcommittee  with  a  sub- 
stantial list  of  names  and  records  of  a  number  of  Communists  in 
Cuba? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Yes,  sir;  and  there  are  many  more  to  be  given. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Beyond  what  you  have  already  given  the  subcom- 
mittee? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Yes,  sir ;  there  are  many  more. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  I  am  trying  to  save  time  this  morning. 

Do  you  know  any  reason  why  the  list  that  you  have  already  given 
the  subcommittee  in  executive  session  should  not,  if  the  subcommittee 
chooses  to  do  so,  be  made  a  part  of  this  public  record  ? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  I  believe  that  everything  that  I  gave  to  the  committee, 
all  those  names,  they  should  appear  in  the  public  records  of  this 
committee. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  May  I  ask,  Mr.  Chairman,  that  this  be  ordered 
done,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  subcommittee? 

Senator  Dodd.  Yes ;  it  will  appear  in  the  record. 

(The  names  referred  to  are  included  in  the  following  document,  filed 
M'ith  the  subcommittee  by  Mr.  Silva  during  his  executive  hearing.) 


528       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

EXHIBIT   NO.     11 

MEMORANDUM 
Re:   COMMUNISM  IN  CUBA. 

The  subscriber,  AURELIO  SILVA  HERNANDEZ,  M.P.,  ex- 
Lleutenant  of  the  Cuban  National  Police  In  the  Department  of 
Investigations,  swears  by  means  of  the  presence  before  Ood  and 
democratic  men  of  North  America,  that  this  report  Is  a  true 
expression  of  the  Communist  development  in  the  Republic  of 
Cuba  after  the  first  of  January,  this  year,  in  which  the 
Government  of  General  PULGENCIO  BATISTA  was  'overthrown,  and  that 
the  data  contained  are  from  recollections  of  memory,  but  that 
all  were  in  the  archives  of  the  offices  of  the  Investigation 
Bureau  of  BRAC  (Biireau  for  the  Repression  of  Coramunlst  Ac- 
tivities) and  which  were  taken  over  by  Majors  CAMILO  CIENPUEGOS 
and  ERNESTO  "CHE"  GUEVARA,  both  known  militant  Communists, 
with  the  object  of  destroying  them  or  making  their  contents 
known  to  other  persons,  but  in  their  majority  they  can  be 
found  in  the  archives  of  the  P.B.I,  in  Washington,  D.C. 

In  the  year  1930  Communism  in  Cuba  began  to  give  signs 
of  life  under  the  direction  of  ALEJANDRO  BARREEIRO,  ALFREDO 
LOPEZ,  MANUEL  ARIAS,  ESTANISLAO  SACRISTAN,  and  others,  when 
agitations  were  initiated  in  industrial  construction  imions 
with  acts  of  sabotage  such  as  the  poisoning  of  Polar  beer 
in  Havana,  while  in  the  interior  of  the  island  the  leaders, 
JUAN  AREVALO,  CESAR  VILAR,  and  others  dynamited  bridges  and 
burned  sugar  fields,  but  when  they  were  energetically  combatted 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       529 

by  the  govemn»nt  of  President  (ffiMERAL  OBRARDO  MACHAIX)  they 
went  underground  and  coranenced  to  aot  clandestinely «  eon- 
oentrating  their  aotivltiee  in  the  distribution  of  stdb^ratve 
propaganda  by  neans  of  woaen  nbose  head  was  SR.  SARA  PASCIJAL. 

With  the  fall  of  the  Michado  goverraeent  on  August  12, 
1933 «  the  public  life  of  the  Oomaimist  party  was  reactivated 
using  the  name  "Uhion  ReTolucionaria  Cammista",  but  later, 
on  backing  the  presidential  canidacy  of  General  FULQENCIO 
BATISTA,  adopted  the  name  Partido  Socialista  Popular.  On 
petition  of  the  counselor  of  the  Connnunist  Party,  PABIO  GOBART, 
who  iB  actually  in  Prague,  Czechoslovakia,  in  those  elections 
they  obtained  various  positions  of  senators  and  representatives 
and  achieved  the  control  of  the  Federation  of  the  Workers  of 
Cuba  under  direction  of  the  internationally  famous  Communist 
Leader  LAZERO  PEKA. 

In  the  year  1952  the  Communist  Party  was  made  illegal  but 
it  continued  operation  in  clandestine  form,  editing  the  pamphlet 
titled  "Weekly  Letter"  which  was  widely  circulated  in  Cuba 
and  foreign.  Much  later  the  Communists,  already  openly  com* 
batting  the  government  of  GENERAL  BATISTA,  associated  themselves 
with  the  Chief  of  the  26th  of  July  Movement,  FIDEL  CASTRO. 
Making  the  contact  for  the  Party  was  the  leader  CARLOS  RAFAEL 
RODRIGUEZ,  the  present  Director  of  the  Communist  newspaper 
"Hoy"  and  counselor  for  CASTRO  during  his  stay  in  the  Sierra 
Maestra  mountains,  and  who  is  considered  the  brain  director  of 


530       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

many  of  the  lawe  proolalmed  by  CASTRO  and  also  Its  efficient 
propaganda  In  Cuba  and  foreign  countries  and  of  which  can 
be  said  contributed  greatly  to  the  fall  of  BATISTA  and  the 
desertion  of  Its  Army  officers. 

There  Is  no  doubt  that  since  Its  foundation  to  date, 
the  26th  of  July  Movement  has  demonstrated  Ita  Inclinations 
toward  Communism  and  has  a  strong  backing  from  the  Soviet 
Union  through  the  medliim  of  the  Communist  Party  and  its  laws, 
decrees  and  resolutions  are  copied  from  the  orders  implanted 
by  the  Communists  in  all  the  terrltorls  of  the  Soviet  Socialist 
Republics. 

For  these  reasons  many  Cubans  shelter  the  fear  that  there 
will  definitely  be  established  an  eminently  Communist  regime 
90  miles  from  the  coast  of  Florida  if  no  one  goes  to  the  aid  of 
the  Republic  of  Cuba, 

The  actual  President  of  Cuba  will  substitute  MANUEL  URRUTIA, 
by  virtue  of  a  coup  d»e  tat,  for  DR.  OSVALDO  DORTICOS  y 
TORRADO  who,  together  with  Minister  RAUL  RCA  belonged  to  the 
Left  Wing  Student  Section  of  the  University  of  Havana.  He 
also  formed  part  of  a  secret  Communist  Party  cell  and  in  1951, 
in  conjunction  with  RAUL  SANJURJO,  signed  the  manifestos  of  the 
Partido  Sociallsta  Popular  (Communists)  in  the  city  of  Cienfuego^ 
and  in  everything  violently  pronounced  himself  against  the 
United  States  classifying  its  policy  of  intervention  in  r^tln 
American  countries,  and  being  a  declared  enemy  of  North  America. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       531 

In  addition  vte  should  also  state  that  on  one  occasion  he  was 
accused  of  the  crime  of  embezzlement  or  robbery  of  money  by 
his  own  uncle,  DR,  PEDRO  DORTICOS,  a  prominent  member  of  the 
dissolved  A. B.C.  Party. 

With  I'espect  to  FIDEL  CASTRO  RU2  who,  while  operating 
clandestinely  used  the  name  "ALEJANDRO",  he  at  one  time  main- 
tained contact  with  Mrs.  NORMA  CHAGAOVALK^  an  employee  of  the 
Soviet  Embassy  in  Havana  which  was  then  located  on  Calle  15, 
corner  of  Paseo  In  the  Vedado  section,  and  which  It  is  said 
gave  instructions  to  CASTRO  on  the  form  and  manner  of  creating 
disturbances  in  the  American  continent  and  assuring  that  the 
first  work  realized  by  CASTRO  was  the  Bogota  uprising  in  the 
Republic  of  Colombia  in  which  he  acted  In  union  with  ALFREDO 
GUEVARA,  who  is  no  relation  to  DR.  ERNESTO  "CHE"  GUEVARA,  and 
who  was  also  accompanied  on  this  trip  by  RAFAEL  DEL  PINO,  at  this 
moment  an  enemy  of  CASTRO.   The  object  of  that  was  to  try 
to  interrupt  the  foreign  ministers'  conference  that  was  taking 
place  in  that  Republic,  commiting  a  series  of  muiders,  among 
them  two  priests,  and  which  had  ample  international  reprecus- 
slons. 

Hiw  actual  hierarchy  Is  surplusly  known  by  the  Snited  States 
authorities  with  abundant  proof  that  evidences  his  Inclinations 
to  Ccramunlsm  as  has  been  stated  before  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  by  the  ex -Chief  of  the  Cuban  Air  Force,  MAJOR  LUIS  DIAZ 
LANZ,  and  with  the  disposal  of  president  URRUTIA  for  daring  to 


532   COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 
combat  the  Communists  and  expressing  that  they  were  a  threat 
to  establish  a  second  front  In  Cuba.  Other  elements  of  the 
actual  government  that  have  Communist  ideas  and  among  active 
Party  militants  are  the  following: 

RAUL  CASTRO  RUZ,  Chief  of  the  Armed  Forces  of  Cuba,  who 
acquired  Marxist  practices  in  Prague;  he  is  married  to,  VILMA 
EXPIN,  a  militant  Communist  Icnown  by  the  name  of  "DEVORA"  and 
who  has  a  sister  who  Is  a  Party  affiliate  in  the  city  of 
Santiago  de  Cuba  and  vjho  is  studying  nuclear  energy  in  oar  is. 
Prance  where  she  maintains  strict  contact  with  the  Communists 
of  that  nation. 

CAMILO  CIENPUEQOS,  Chief  of  the  Army  who  was  affiliated  with 
the  Communist  party,  and  had  difficulties  with  United  States 
authorities  in  San  Francisco,  California,  and  who  operates 
in  the  Cuban  Revolution  in  the  province  of  Santa  Clara  with 
Commvmlst  leader  MANUEL  DEL  PESO  and  with  whom  he  sustained  a 
correspondence  Intercepted  by  the  SIM  in  Santa  Clara, 

ALBERTO  BAYO,  Colonel  In  the  Spanish  Army  who  was  exiled 
to  Mexico  and  acted  with  the  Communists  during  the  Spanish  Civil 
V/ar  and  is  at  present  Instructor  in  the  Rebel  Army  which  he  is 
indoctrinating  with  various  professors  of  known  Communist 
ideology. 

ALFREDO  GUEVARA,  lawyer,  university  professor,  active 
Communist,  intimate  friend  of  FIDEL  CASTRO.   His  hate  for  the 
United  States  is  demonstrated  in  that  he  has  asked  theatrical 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  TJlS.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN   533 
authors  to  write  new  works  but  with  the  sole  political  purpose 
that  each  work  should  have  a  message  against  Yankee  imperialism. 
Cuban  ortlcts  declined  to  do  this  In  a  declaration  published  in 
the  theatrical  pages  of  the  newspaper  "Informacion." 

NICOLAS  GUILLEN  is  an  old  active  Communist,  poet  and 
author  of  the  March  Agrarian  Reform.  He  gives  indoctrination 
classes  In  the  Cubana  Fortress  to  soldiers  and  to  the  fishermen 
residing  in  the  Casa  Blanca  block.  Hr  had  been  exiled  from 
Cuba  for  many  years  and  returned  after  FIDEL  CASTRO  too  power. 

PAUSTINO  PEREZ  HERNANDEZ,  a  doctor,  Minister  of  Recoupera- 
tion  of  Illgotten  Goods;  is  an  active  Communist  and  Party 
affiliate. 

CARLOS  PRANQUI,  newspaperman,  non-collegiate,  director 
of  the  newspaper  "Revoluclon" ,  official  organ  of  the  CASTRO 
government.  In  the  Sierra  Maestras  he  edited  a  pamphlet 
titled  "Revolucion"  which  was  circulated  clandestinely  by  mail. 
He  is  an  active  Communlet.  He  took  part  in  the  frustrated 
expedition  of  Cayc  Confltes  against  president  TRUJILLO  of  the 
Dominican  Republic. 

RAUL  ROA,  lawyer,  was  member  of  the  Left  Wing  University 
Section  with  JULIO  ANTONIO  MELLA  and  the  poet  MARTINEZ  VILLENA, 
both  known  Communists  and  both  deceased.   He  was  arrested 
various  times  for  street  acts  and  in  his  speeches  and  declara- 
tions always  evidences  hostility  towards  the  United  States  of 
America.  He  is,  at  present.  Minister  of  State  and  represented 


534   COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 
Cuba  In  the  Organization  of  the  United  Nations  and  made 
injurious  speeches  against  the  Dominican  Republic  government 
and  other  Latin  American  countries  classifying  them  as  dic- 
tatorships.  He  and  CASTRO  are  studying  a  plan  to  attack  the 
United  States  in  the  assembly  of  foreign  ministers  which  will 
take  place  in  Chile  next  month.  They,  or  their  representatives, 
will  try  to  speak  on  behalf  of  all  Latin  American  countries 
insisting  on  a  loan  of  thirty  billion  dollars  to  demonstrate 
to  those  countries  that  the  United  States  is  not  their  friend 
when  It  declines  to  consider  this  astronomical  loan.  It  has 
no  other  object  than  to  place  the  United  States  Government 
under  pressure  as  has  benn  demonstrated  In  the  last  few  days. 

Other  individuals  that  act  in  the  actual  government,  some 
of  them  in  the  Arm^  "".nd  the  rest  in  civilian  positions  of 
the  state  are  the  following: 

DR.  ARMANDO  HART,  Minister  of  Education;  CARLOS  RAFAEL 
RODRIGUEZ  of  which  we  have  given  facts  at  the  beginning  of 
this  report;  DR.  ANl^ONIO  NUNEZ  JIMENEZ,  Director  of  the 
Agrarian  Reform.   He  was  professor  of  the  University  of  Santa 
Clara  and  is  at  present  on  a  tour  of  the  United  States.   He 
is  a  convinced  Communist,  a  very  dangerous  man  due  to  his  great 
talents  and  we  assure  that  he  has  good  contacts  in  the  United 
States;  liYDEE  SANTAMRIA,  wife  of  DR.  HART;  DR.  JUAN  fJlARINELLO 
VIDAURRETA,  President  of  the  Party  and  at  present  on  tour  in 
Communist  China;  BLAS  ROCA;  JOAQUIN  ORDOQUI;  ANIBAL  ESCALANTE; 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  "U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN   535 
MANUEL  LUZARDO;  PEPEGRIN  TORRAS;  URSINIO  ROJAS;  MANUEL  DEL  PESO; 
all  old  directors  of  the  Communist  Party;  MANUEL  SANTURIO, 
MIGUEL  QUINTERO,  PACO  ALFONSO,  of  the  theatrical  section; 
VICENTINA  ANTUNEZ,  wife  of  DR.  GARONNE;  ALICIA  AGRAMONTE, 
artists  for  C.M.Q;  VIOLETA  CASALS  and  CELIA  SAUCHEZ,  inseparabl* 
from  FIDEL  CASTRO;  SALVADOR  GARCIA  AGUERO,  VINCENTE  MARTINEZ, 
known  as  "Diario  Libre",  and  the  magazine  "Cartelec", 
who  uses  various  pen  names  to  publish  his  work  and  is  an  old 
Party  militant;  MANUEL  MARTIN  BENITO,  radio  analyst  for  the 
newspaper  "Diario  Libre" ,  a  party  affiliate  for  many  years  and 
an  active  propagandist  of  these  Red  Ideas  with  contacts  in 
Tampa,  Miami  and  Key  West,  and  is  utilized  as  a  post  office  to 
carry  and  to  bring  messages;  CELESTINO  FERNANDEZ  SUAREZ,  VICTOR 
MIRANDA,  AMPARO  CHAPLE,  FATHER  SARDINAS,  SAMUEL  MORALES,  FIDEL 
DOMENECH,  CAPTAIN  MANUEL  PINEIRO,  presently  on  the  Army  Staff; 
DAVID  SALVADOR,  Secretary  General  of  the  C.T.C.,  who  publicly 
confessed  on  a  television  show  that  in  his  youth  he  had  been  a 
ComiTiunist  and  although  he  states  that  at  present  he  is  not,  we 
have  credible  information  that  he  continues  being  one,  since 
all  are  continuing  the  denial  tactics  on  their  militancy 
to  fool  the  United  states  of  America. 

It  is  necessary  to  make  a  separate  paragraph  to  shew  the 
personality  of  DR.  ERNESTO  "CHE"  GUEVARA,  Argentine  doctor. 
Chief  of  the  Cabana  Portress,  intimace  of  FIDEL  CASTRO,  who, 
complying  with  instructions,  made  a  trip  through  the  Middle  and 


43354  O— 60 — 8a- 


536   COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 
Far  Ea3t  having  interviewed  President  NasBer  and  othor  impor- 
tant Arab  Communiat  figures  to  conciliate  an  Interchange  of 
products  between  Cuba  and  those  nations  with  the  deliberate  aim 
of  demonstrating  its  animosity  against  North  America,  on 
seeking  other  markets  and  placing  in  prejudice  the  existing 
commercial  interchange  system  between  United  States  and  Cuba. 

JOSE  ELIAS  ENTRALGO,  one  of  the  moat  important  men  of  the 
Communist  Party,  was  an  Inseparable  companion  of  FABIO  GROGART 
and  maintains  an  Intense  correspondence  v;ith  elements  In  the 
Soviet  Union  insuring  that  he  has  conciliated  the  envy  of 
various  Russian  citizens  in  Cuba  that  ;ict  as  in'jtructors  in 
different  governmenx;  departments  and  in  the  Cienga  de  Cepate, 
although  they  po^e  as  Ducch  and  Danish  nationals. 

LAZARO  PENA  was  Secretary  of  the  C.T.C.,  was  exiled  In 
Mexico  and  has  made  several  trips  to  Moscovj.   I7hen  the  BATISTA 
government  fell  he  returned  to  Cuba  and  from  that  moir.ent  he 
v.'as  an  active  propagandist  for  the  Union  of  'che   26th  of  July 
with  the  partldo  Soclalista  popular.  A  few  weeks  ago  he  published 
declarations  in  Cuban  newspapers  in  support  of  the  tiovernment 
and  reiterating  the  necessity  of  union  amon,:^  both  sectors. 

LEONEL  SOTO,  a  young  figure  in  the  Communist  party.  Until 
one  year  ago  he  was  in  charge  of  the  editing  of  the  Party's 
"Carta  Semanal'',  distributed  in  Cuba  and  other  countries.  He 
vv'as  in  Moscov:  and  received  Marxist  indoctrination,  is  a  man  of 
talent  and  his  words  are  simple  and  convincing.  V/e  have  also 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN   537 
learned  that  he  has  contacts  with  Communist  elements  and 
university  students  in  the  United  States  and  has  acted  in 
agreement  with  ELVIRA  DIAZ,  University  leader  and  at  present 
directoress  of  congressional  insurance. 

AUGUSTO  MARTINEZ  SANCHEZ,  lawyer,  at  present  Minister  of 
Defense,  was  affiliated  with  the  Communist  Party  and  an  active 
propagandist  of  Red  doctrine. 

It  is  not  possible  in  such  a  brief  report  to  Include  the 
names  of  all  the  Communists  that  occupy  positions  in  the  Army, 
Navy,  political  and  ministry  offices.   It  would  require  an 
immense  labor  that  at  this  distance  is  materially  impossible 
unless  a  man  is  designated  under  our  instructions  to  go  to 
Cuba  and  learn  the  names  and  positions  that  each  one  occupies. 

In  the  same  manner  it  could  also  be  learned  the  names  of 
many  active  Communists  that  undertake  functions  as  newspaper- 
men in  the  papers  and  magazines  of  Cuba.  Many  of  them  have 
contacts  with  radical  elements  in  the  United  states. 

We  can  assure  that  underneath  the  cape  of  belonging 
to  the  26th  of  July  Movement  there  have  been  introduced  into 
this  machine  many  dangerous  Communists  and  they  are  trying  to 
infiltrate  themselves  among  the  young  university  students 
with  the  pretext  of  placing  the  politics  and  fundamentals 
that  serve  as  gxiide  for  DR.  FIDEL  CASTRO  and  Cuban  youth,  but 
as  its  end  constitutes  an  easy  method  of  Communist  publication 
in  North  America  and  which  danger  American  authorities  have 


538   COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 
not  as  yet  become  aware.  It  13  surplusly  known,  and  the 
P.B.I,  has  names  and  backgrounds,  that  In  the  last  few  months 
niimerous  Communist  foreign  elements.  Including  from  Red  China, 
have  visited  Havana,  some  posing  as  newspapermen,  others  as 
commercial  agents  and  others  as  various  technicians  of  dif- 
ferent materials  but  in  reality  they  come  to  incessantly 
labor  in  favor  of  a  propaganda  against  the  United  States 
with  Its  end  the  creation  of  difficulties  in  its  foreign 
commerce  as  it  has  already  succeeded  with  an  infinite  amount 
of  products  that  represent  millions  of  dollars  and  which  are 
being  sabotaged  by  order  of  FIDEL  CASTRO  and  which  has  reduced 
in  a  notable  manner  Cuban  acquisitions  in  the  United  states 
with  a  manifest  damage  for  North  American  industrialists.   In 
a  similar  manner  they  attack  the  American  investors  arbitrarily 
depriving  them  of  their  properties and  capriciously  placing 
their  value  in  20-year  redeemable  bonds  and  causing  these 
Americans  large  losses. 

Yoin's  very  truly 
/s/  AURELIO  SILVA  HERNANDEZ 
Miami,  Florida 
July  21,  1959 

Certified  to  be  a  true  and  correct 
translation  to  the  best  of  my 
knowledge  and  belief. 

/s/  LOUIS  J.  JORDAN  ' 
Louis  J.  Jordan 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       539 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Now,  you  say  you  have  additional  names  to  give  us 
besides  those  which  you  have  already  given  us  ? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  I  don't  have  it  written  down.    I  have  it  in  my  head. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Yes.    Go  ahead. 

Mr.  SiLVA.  You  want  me  to  give  it  to  you  now  ?    At  this  moment  ? 

Mr.  SouRWixE.  Well,  I  understood  he  didn't  have  it  written  down. 
Just  a  minute. 

Would  you  prefer  to  prepare  a  list  of  these  additional  names  and 
supply  it  to  the  committee,  with  an  affidavit  for  inclusion  in  the  record 
at  this  point  ? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Yes,  sir.    I  will  be  glad  to. 

Senator  Dodd.  Very  well,  submit  it. 

(The  additional  list  of  names  was  later  received  by  the  subcom- 
mittee, marked  "Exhibit  No.  12"  and,  as  translated  by  the  Library 
of  Congress,  reads  as  follows :) 


540       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

EXHIBIT  NO.     12 
(  Translated  by  the  Library  of  Congress  ) 

TO  TliE  WETQJ  STATES  SHJATE 
LIST'  AND  BACKGP^Uin:'  OF  ACTIVE  CX)1-2'1WIISTS  IN  CUBA 
V/ORKING  ror.  RUSSIA 
AND  AGAINST  THE  UNIT  ED  STATES  OF  AM3UGA 

JUAI?  MARlNHJjQ  VIDAURI^EI'A. 

President  of  the  People's  Socialist  (Conmunist)   Party;    teachea" 
[on  the  staff  of]    the  "Escuela  Normal  de  Maestros"   [Havana  Teachers 
College];   laiv-/er  and  man  of  great  skill  ["many  talents"];  made  many- 
trips  to  lIuEsia  anc  Communist  China;  writer  anc   mass  orator.     He 
recently  stated  on  [a]   Television  [prosfam]  ,   that  "those  who  are  not 
Communists  in  Cuba  are  counter-revolutionists".     The  files  of  BPvAG 
contain  considerable  background  material  relative  to  his  activities 
and  contacts,  a  complete  dossier  of  vrtiich  should  be  on  file  with 
the  FBI  anc  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency  (CXA).     The  Communists 
aspii'e  to  nominate  him  President  of  the  Republic  in  case  Fidel  Castro 
should  fail  [or,    "be  removed"], 

OSViLLDO  PORTICOS  I'ORIIiUX).— 

Present  President  of  the  Republic,   in  substitution  for  [having 
replacec]   Lr,  Manuel  Urrutia;   was  secretary  to  Dr.  Juan  Marinello, 
President  of  the  Communist  Party  of  Cuba;   carried  on  his  activities 
in  the  City  of  Cienfuegos,  where  he  figured  as  candidate  for  Member 
of  the  Communist  Party  Council,     In  addition,  he  editea  [or  drafted] 
ano  signed  with  his   signature,  manifestos  and  proclamations  [propaganda 
materials]    ordereu  by  the  [Communist]   Party,     He  is  the  author  of 
several  of  the  laws  put  into  effect  by  the  Castr-o  regime,  all  of  them 
markedly  costensibly^moulded  after  the  Communist  pattern. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       541 

CARLOS  RAFASL  RODRIGUEZ.— 

Eirector  of  the  newspaper  Hoy,  official  organ  of  the  Cuban 
Communist  Party;  lawyer  and  man  of  skill  ["man  of  many  talents"]; 
is  consider  eci  one  of  the  chief  advisors  to  Fidel  Castro  with  whom  he 
spent  much  time  in  the  Sierra  Maestra;  was  Director  of  the  "Editorial 
P^ginas"  [publishing  house],  which  sold  Russian  books,  translated  into 
Spanish  and  printed  by  the  Arrow  Press  vAiich  is  owned  by  the  Communist 
Party;  a  brilliant  speaker;  mace  several  trips  to  Russia  and  Iron 
Curtain  countries;  is  considered  the  brain  of  the  revolutionary  laws 
and  bills,  and,  especially,  of  [the]  national  and  foreign  propaganda 

[activities]  in  behalf  of  the  Castro  regime;  now  edits  the  "coletillas" 
[notes,  or  observations,  or  special  remarks,  or  comments]  added  to 
cables,  reports,  and  editorials  appearing  in  the  newspapers  when  not 
favoring  the  regime;  has  many  contacts  with  Communists  in  the  United 
States,  Mexico,  Brazil,  Chile,  Bolivia,  and  Argentina;  is  thought  to 
be  a  highly  dangerous  man  and  to  have  drafted  the  bill  [or  legislative 
proposal]  designed  to  boycott  North  American  products  in  favor  of  the 
Soviet  market  in  the  countries  of  Central  and  South  America;  has  re- 
cently been  appointod  regular  professor  at  the  University  of  Havana, 
which  [appointment]  has  originated  [resulted  in]  innumerable  protests 
by  the  anti-Communists  of  the  country. 

****** 


542       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

aiHECTQ   "CUE"  GUEVMA. 

Argentinian  phj'-sician,  advent\arer,  vrith  deeply  rooted  Communist 
iaeas;   worked  under  the  oraers  of  President  Jacobo  Arbenz  of 
Guatemala;   hit  [irameciiatej    family,  residing  in  Argentina,  follow  the 
Goffliminist  line  of  thimcing,   and  his  uncle,   Cayetano  Cordova,   is  a 
Communist  leader  wiiose  wife  vras  a  nurse  in  Spain  during  the  [Spanish] 
Civil  War.     He  was  a  member  of  the  "Juventud  Comunista  iurgentina" 
[Communist  Youth  of  Argentina]    and  a  participant  in  two  plots  against 
former  President  Peron,     He  fled  from  his  country  and  went  to  Peru, 
v/here  he  participated  in  an  armed  revolt  against  President  Manuel 
Odria,  and  fl^om  thei-e  went  to  Chile  from  which  he  was  expelled  for 
his  Communist  activities.     In  1954-  he  arrivea  in  Guatemala  ana  joined 
a  gang  of  individuals  who  were   sowing  terror  in  [among  the  workers  of] 
the  plantations  ana  attack5.ng  the  churches  upon  the  overtlirow  of  the 
Aibenz  government,  because  of  which  he  fled  [the  country]   and  sought 
refuge  in  Me:cico  where  he  became  a  member  of  the   "Consejo  Revolucion- 
ario  del  Cai'ibe  y  [de]    la  America  Central"   [Revolutionary  Council  of 
the  Caribbean  and  Central  iunerica]    and  of  the  "Institute  de  Cultura 
.luso-Mejicano"   [P.ussian-Mexican  Cultural  Institute]  ,  which  is  Communist* 
controlled  as  is  the  "Legion  del  Caribe"   [Caribbean  Legion].     His 
name  was  mentioned  in  [connection  with]    the  assassinations  of  Presi- 
dents Ilemon  of  Panama,  Castillo  de  Armas  [sic — "Carlos  Castillo  .Irmas"] 


COIVIMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       543 

of  Guatemala,  and  Somoza  of  Nicaragua,  In  Mexico  he  joined  up  with 
Fidel  Castro  and  Col.  Alberto  Bayo,  giving  military  training  to  a  group 
of  Cubans  and  other  nationalities  [sic — nationals]  for  [the  piirpose  of] 
invading  Cuba  as  they  did  in  Eecanber  1956,  VJhen  Fidel  Castro  came  to 
power,  he  was  appointed  Chief  of  the  Fortaleza  [prison]  of  Havana,  and 
the  first  thing  he  aid  was  to  confiscate  the  files  of  the  Communists  in 
the  offices  [headquarters]  of  BRAC  and  of  the  Military  Intelligence 
Service,  and  to  make  them  disappear  ["and  to  dispose  of  them"],  Ke  was 
accused  [of]  oirectlj'-  [having  caused]  tiie  aeath  of  Jose  Castano  in  whom 
many  persons  ana  foreign  embassies  had  been  interested,  lie  was  re- 
cently appointed  President  of  the  "Banco  ilacional  ce  Cuai"  [national 
Banic  of  Cuba]  ,  from  which  post  he  placed  restrictions  on  the  purchase 
of  products  manufactured  in  the  UiiA,  refusing  [to  issue]  permits  for 
their  payment  in  dollars,  lie  had  pushed  the  treaty  between  [Soviet] 
Russia  ano  Cuba  and  of  the  100  million  peso  Soviet  loan.  At  the 
I'lational  Bank  he  had  various  employees  make  translations  from  foreign 
languages,  especially  from  the  Russian,  and  paiu  them  for  their  work 
on  a  per  diem  basis  so  that  their  names  would  not  appear  on  the  payroll. 
He  ma.naged  to  have  the  circulation  permit  for  the  newspaper  Hoy  re- 
newed, and  is  said  to  be  drafting  the  document  which  legalizes  the 
Commvinist  Party  as  the  only  political  organization  in  the  country. 
He  hates  the  North  Americans  | 

last  year  he  went  to  ife'pt,  the  Far  East,  and  to  countries  behind 
the  Iron  Curtain  in  order  to  make  trade  agreaaents  with  those  countries 
and  Red  China  for  the  purpose  of  talcing  that  trade  away  from  the 
United  states  of  j'lmerica. 


544       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

EIDIJL  GAbTRO  RUZ.— 

A  lawyer,  though  he  has  never  practiced  his  profession;   divorced 
from  Mirta  Diaz  Balart  [Balaert?]    fVom  whom  he  had  a  son  named  Fidel; 
outstanding  Comniunist  agitator  ever  since  he  started  his  studies  at 
the  University  [of  Havana] ,   in  company  with  Raul  Roa  and  other  students 
earmarked  as  active  Coniminists,     At  that  t^jne  the  police  implicated 
him  in  the  assassinations  of  Ferndndez  Caral  and  Manolo  Castro,  and 
named  him  direct  agent  [perpetrator]   of  those  crimes  vrtiose  motive  was 
said  to  have  been  disagreements  [differences  of  opinion]    in  the  fights 
of  the  student  gangs.     In  194-8,   he  took  a  trip  to  the  Republic  of 
Colombia  together  with  Rafael  del  Pino,   staying  on  April  3  [of  that 
year]    at  the  Claricge  Hotel  in  Bogotd,   on  vtoich  occasion  they  said  that 
they  were  delegates  of  the  International  Communist  Youth  Comnilttee, 
and  that  they  had  come  to  that  country  to  do  some  work  among  the 
students  and  worlcer  masses,   to  which  effect  Castro  lectured  at  the 
University  of  Colombia  on  "The  Techniques  of  the  Coup  d'Etat".     They 
were  said  at  that  time  not  to  be  ignorant  of  [...."said  to  be  implicatea 
in"]    the  assassination  of  Dr.  Gaytan  [sic — Gaitdn] ,  although  the 
Chief  of  [the]    Security  [Service]    of  Colombia  at  that  time,  Alberto 
Nifio,  liao  accused  them,  but  he  was  unable  to  effect  their  arrest  be- 
cause they  had  been  cleared,  and  they  escaped  fi-om  that  Republic.     In 
1953,  he  implementecl  the  attack  on  the  "Cuartel  Moncada",  with  [the 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       545 

aid  of]  a  group  of  his  followers,  [and  though  they  haci  been]  taken 
into  custody  and  sentenced  to  several  years  in  prison,  they  wei'e 
amnestied  by  President  Batista  a  short  time  later.  While  in  prison 
he  wrote  a  pamphlet  entitled,  "Ilistoria  me  absolver^"  [History  will 
exonerate  me],  which  in  reality  is  a  compendium  of  programs  of  the 
Communist  countries  and  puts  in  evidence  his  marked  inclination  toward 
the  Red  doctrines.  As  soon  as  he  was  releasee  he  anbarked  for  Mexico 
vriiere  he  organized  the  Gramma  expedition,  landing  in  Oriente  Province, 
We  make  no  further  reference  to  this  event,  nor  to  subsequent  events 
[occurring]  after  he  had  been  maae  Prime  Ministei'  and  "Chief  of  the 
Revolution",  because  all  of  these  facts  are  in  the  national  and  foreign 
public  Gomain  [,,,"are  public  knoi/ledge  at  home  and  abroad"]. 


546       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

RliUL  PJQA  G.'iRGIA.— 

Present  Minister  of  Foreign  Relations  of  the  de  facto  govern^ 
ment  established  in  Cuba,  coiUxDletely  moulcea  after  the  Coiiiminist 
pattern;  lloa  is  an  olc  Comnunist  militant;  he  is  mai-ried  to  Aca 
Kouri,  also  a  Gonimunist  militant.  Their  activities  cate  back  to  1926, 
at  which  time  he  organized,  jointly  with  Julio  ^Intonio  Kella,  Juan 
Marinello  Vidaurreta,  Ruben  Martinez  Villena,  Zacarlas  Tallct,  and 
others,  the  "ComDumist  Youth  of  the  University  of  Havana".  In  1927, 
they  set  up  tiie  Plrst  Comintern  at  the  University  of  Havana,  with  a 
group  called  "Director io  Estudiantil  Universitai-io"  [equal  to  University 
utuGent  Council]  ,  At  that  time  [In  tiiat  yeai"-]  he  fled  to  Mexico  and 
cont5.nueo  to  work  there  ;d.th  Mella  and  other  young  Communists,  Thei^e 
exitts  a  dossier^ however,  to  the  effect  that  Raul  Roa  betrayed  Hella, 
accusing  him  of  having  strayeo  from  the  Communist  Party  line  ana  that 
it  was  Decided  to  put  him  to  his  death,  which  [decision]  was  in^jlement- 
ed  by  a  Russian  [Soviet]  agent  in  MeJiico  by  the  name  of  iiaeas  Larmenti, 
who  was  accused  of  the  crime  by  the  Mexican  Gecret  Police  whose  files 
contain  that  dossier,  nevertheless,  this  affair  suited  the  Communists, 
because  they  had  ascribed  the  crime  to  C-enei'al  Gei-ai'oo  Maciiaoo  and 
accused  of  having  committeo  it  Jose  Magrina  who  was  killed  in  the  up- 
heavals [surrounding]  the  overthrow  of  the  Machado  Government  on 
August  12,  1933.  In  1930,  Roa  retui-nec.  to  Cuija;  he  was  one  of  the 
authors  of  the  famous  Manifesto  against  ftesiaent  Machaco  signed  by 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       547 

the  "Union  of  Uorkers  [Labor  Union]   i'vffiliated  with  International 
Coramunian" ,     Eoa  had  his  alternatives  [sic — "was  able  to  pick  anc 
choose?"]    in  the  i^art^o     It  came  out  that  at  one  time  he  broke  [liad 
broken]    with  then  [the  Comcianist  VJorkers?]   anc    joined  the  I'rotsicyists, 
but  that  he  [load]    desisted  [refl*ained  from  so  doing]    and  a^ain  joined 
up  \ri.th  the  Communists  ["had  returnee,  to  the  Goinmuniat  folo"]  ,     In 
1949,  he  visited  various  countries  behind  the  Iron  Curtain,  anc  upon 
iiis  return  to  Mexico  fount. ed  the  publishing  firm  "Ilumanismo",  on  v;hich 
occasion  he  made  friends  with  T.aul  Ocegueda,  Minister  of  estate  in  the 
government  of  Jacobo  -irbenz  [Gusmdn] ;   with  Vicente  3iicnz,  CotTTunist 
writer,   of  Costa  Ilica;   with  [Miss]  'i'ete  Casuso,  Fidel  Castro's  present 
celegate  in  Mexico,  who  had  previously  been  an  old  comrade  of  Roa 
[in  the  revolutionary  struggle]    when  both  v/ere  members  of  the  so-called 
"Liga  Anti-Imperialista"   [sic — /jitiimperialista]  "   [iinti-In^erialist 
League] ,     lie  also  established  contact  with  Guillermo  Torriello, 
Secretary  of  Foreign  ..ffairs  of  Guatemala,  and  vrf.th  Salvador  Allende, 
Chilean  v^enator  and  active  Corarministo     Together  vri.th  Vicente  i^dcnz 
he  founced  the  "Asociacion  Interamericana  por  la  Lenocrac^a  y  la 
Libertac;"   [lnter-iU?.crican  Association  for  Democracy  anc.  Freedom]  , 
Ficel  Castro  appointea  him  [, first,]  Ambassador  to  the  United  States, 
anc,   later.  Minister  of  Foreign  T.elations,     In  both  posts  he  gave 
vent  to  his  liatrec  of  tho  North  junericans  and  his  s-nnpathies  vdth  the 
Soviet  Union,     he  recently  mace  a  tour  of  iJgypt,   the  Middle  Sast, 
and  the  countries  behind  the  Iron  Curtain,   for  the  purpose  of  negotiat- 
ing trade  agreeraents  and  taking  those  e:-:ports  away  from  Ilortli  iuaerica. 
Pie  is  one  of  the  iudiviauals  used  by  Fiuel  Castro  for  agitotion  via 
harmful  propaganda  and  pamphlets  [printed  propaganda  materials]    in 
various  Caribbean  countries,  as  was  done  in  Nicaragua,  Panama,  haiti, 
anc  the  Dominican  Republic  anci,  recently,   in  Honduras  and  Guatemala, 


548       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

RiiUL  GASTI10  RUZ.— 

Brother  of  Fidel  Castro,   vri. th  bloodthirsty  instincts,  and 
accuseu  of  having  assassinated  in  Oriente  Province  n\imerous  peasants 
and  hundreds  of  members  of  the  firmed  Forces  vAio  had  surrendered  on 
December  31,   1953;   was  appointed,   first.  Chief  of  the  Armj',  but,   later, 
the  post  of  Minister  of  the  firmed  Forces  was  created  for  him  vAiich 
gave  him  control  of  the  Armj',   Navy,  and  Police,     He  is  a  wholehearted 
["dyed-in-the-wool"]    Communist  and  studied  and  was  indoctr5.nated  in 
Prague.     He  is  married  to  Vilma  Espln,  known  as  "Devora",  also  an 
Oriente  Communist  leader.     He  has  always  been  Imown  for  his  liatred  of 
the  North  Americans;   and  he  was  the  one  who,  vdth  the  forces  under  his 
command,  had  kidnapped  several  Marines  [sailors?]    from  the  Cairaanera 
Base  and  cut  off  their  water  supply.     Two  months  ago  he  is  said  to 
have  drafted  the  Decree  cancelling  ["declaring  null  and  void"]   the 
I'reaty  with  the  United  States  with  regard  to  the  Haval  Base  of  Caimanera, 
but  the  Council  of  Ministers  lias  not  yet  taken  up  the  matter.     He  has 
been  designated  by  his  brother  as  his  successor  in  the  Leadership  of 
the  Revolution  and,  during  the  course  of  a  mass  meeting,  Fidel  stated, 
referring  to  the  appointment,    "If  I  should  fail  [or  go  down,   or  be  re- 
moved] ,  I  vrf.ll  be  replaceo  by  my  brother  who  is  much  more  radical 
[than  I  am]". 


[TO  BE  COiJTlMUID — next  name:   Carlos  Franquf^ 


TrPJi  slated  by 
Elizabeth  Ilanunian 
J\ane  1,  I960, 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       549 

GilRIiOS  J-aUIQUI. — Old  militant  of  the  Connnunist  Party;  at  present 
Director  of  the  newspaper  Revolucion.  official 
organ  of  the  government,  which  is  published  in  the  building  and  work- 
shops of  the  newspaper  i'ilerta .  from  which  the  Cuban  journalist  Kamon 
Vasconcelos  had  been  arbitrarily  ousted.  Under  the  Batista  adminis- 
tration iYanqul  was  in  charge  of  the  Cai-ta  ^emanal.  and,  when  he  was 
discover ea  by  the  police,  fled  to  the  i>ierra  Kaestra  where  he  joined 
up  with  Fidel  Castro  and  published  a  flyer- lilce  newspaper  called 
Revolucion.  Precisely  the  November  issue  of  that  paper  announced  the 
intervention  in  and  confiscation  of  the  bank  accounts  in  case  of 
victory,  which  Fidel  Castro  translated  into  fact  when  he  seized  the 
power.  Previously  Carlos  Franqul  had  been  proofreader  for  the  news- 
paper Manana  and  Informacion.  He  participated  in  the  famous  Cayo 
Confites  eJzpeoition  against  the  Dominican  Government,  in  which  expedi- 
tion Fidel  Castro  also  took  part.  He  is  a  tenacious  propagandist  of 
International  Communism.  He  recently'  took  a  trip  to  Czechoslovakia, 
and  was  in  Moscow  under  the  pretext  of  purchasing  new  machinery  for 
the  newspaper,  ile  is  qualified  as  an  "evil  fellow". 


550       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

LAZAI'jQ  PSffA. — Mas   a  tobacco  worker,  [and  is]  Secretary  General  of 

CIG  (Gonfederacion  Ce   Trabajadores  de  Cuba)  [Cuban 
Federation,  or  Confederation,  of  Workers,  or  of  Labor]  which  office 
he  has  held  for  many  years;  as  a  member  of  the  Executive  of  the 
Communist  i'arty;  enjoys  great  influence  among  the  tobacco  workers, 
and  is  said  to  have  been  advisor  to  David  Salvador  when  he  took  over 
the  CTG:  has  been  in  [Soviet]  Russia  several  times  and  been  living 
in  Mexico  for  some  time;  is  very  friendly  with  Lombard o  Toledano, 
outstanding  Mexican  labor  leader,  in  whose  company  he  has  for  the  past 
two  years  been  traveling  through  several  countries  of  Central  Amei^ica, 
doing  publicity  for  Communism  with  Moscow's  approval;  was  an  outstand- 
ing member  of  [delegate  for]  the  Communist  Party  at  [to]  the  Consti- 
tuent Assembly  of  1%0,  and  Representative  to  the  Chamber  [of 
Leputies]  , 

UGlMlO  OIIDO^UI. — Convinced  Communist;  member  of  the  lixecutive  of  the 

[Communist]  Party  like  his  brother  Joaquin;  has 
taken  various  trips  to  [Soviet]  Russia  on  Party  business;  at  the 
time  of  the  Batista  administration  he  was  out  of  the  country,  anc 
[but]  returned  when  Castro  seized  the  power, 

JOiV-:iJIl:J  OVlOiJJl. — Important  member  of  the  Communist  Party,  always 

having  belonged  to  its  ZScecutive  Committee,  The 
confidence  placeci  in  him  is  such  that  all  of  the  machinery  and  v/ork- 
shops  of  the  newspaper  Hoy  and  of  the  "Arrow  Press",  as  v/ell  as  the 
intellectual  property  of  various  Party  magazines,  have  been  put  in 
his  name.  This  was  done  in  order  tiiat,  in  case  the  Govei'mnent  were  to 
close  down  the  business,  the  corresponding  legal  claims  could  be  filed, 
as  was  done  recently,  for  Imving  those  workshops  reopened  which  had 
been  confiscated  in  the  days  of  President  Carlos  Pr^,  He  lias  made 
various  trips  to  [Soviet]  Russia,  Czechoslovakia,  and  Mexico,  always 
on  Party  business. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       551 

MANUIiL  LUZARDO.— Was  Ti^easurer  of  the  People's  Socialist  (Comraunist) 
Party,  with  authority  to  manage  the  finances  of  the 
organization;  is  an  active  militant,  and  has  always  been  entrusted 
with  delicate  missions. 


VICjJUTS  MARTINJSZ. — Newspaperman,  using  various  names,  including 

that  of  Regino  Martin,  but  is  generally  known 
under  the  pseudonym  [alias]  of  "Esmeril";  was  chief  of  information 
of  the  newspaper  Koy.  and  collaborated  on  the  magazine  Carteles  and 
on  two  now  defunct  newspapers  Manana  and  Liario  Libre;  lives  in  his 
ovm  home  in  the  Manana  District j  is  a  dangerous  man  because  he  denies 
his  Conaminist  status;  alleges  enmity  toward  Anibal  Escalante,  but 
does  so  in  order  to  better  [more  efficiently]  carry  on  his  journal- 
istic activities,  alv;ays  using  irony   [sarcasm]  to  wound  [the  sensibili- 
ties] of  all  persons  with  conservative  ideas;  has  good  contacts  in 
Cuba  and  abroad  for  publicity  [intelligence]  work. 


iVNIB:iL  EJC;\L.tU]TE.— Uas  Director  of  the  newspaper  Ho^,  and,  although 

he  has  for  some  time  given  no  sign  of  active  life, 
is  working  quietly,  in  the  interest  of  the  Party,  on  secret  missions 
entrusted  to  hijn;  is  a  v^olehearted  ["dyed-in-the-wool"]  Communist; 
has  been  in  [Soviet]  Russia  and  Iron  Curtain  countries,  and  belongs 
to  the  lixecutive  of  the  Party, 


Means  "emory"  [board]  —  "scratchy  like  ,..  ?"  —  EH 


43354  O— 60— 8a- 


552       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

MAMUIJL  MAFuTIlI  BHJITO. — Belongs  to  the  Conraunist  Party  and  works  on 

the  newspaper  Hoy;  had  a  radio  and  television 
section  in  the  newspaper  MaSana  ajid  continued  to  run  it  [the  colinnn] 
when  the  name  of  the  newspaper,  upon  confiscation  from  its  owner 
Joee  Lopez  Vilaboy,  was  changed  to  Diario  Libre;  was  born  in  Rcdas, 
although  he  passes  himself  off  as  a  native  of  Camagueyj  has  little 
polish  but  is  an  evil  man,  and  lends  himself  to  carrying  messages  of 
contact  [for  keeping  in  touch]   with  Communists  in  Taapa,  Miami,  and 
Cayo  Hueso,  because  of  which  his  trips  to  that  country  [USA]  must  be 
\jatched  as  he  has  a  U.S.  visa  which  was  obtained,  it  would  appear,  by 
influential  persons. 


*)  "lends  his  services  to  act  as  courier  for  relaying  messages 
between",  etc, — E,H. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       553 

VILA  BaPiN  DE  CASTao. Belongs  to  a  bantiago  de  Cuba  family  with 

oeep-rooted  Cornmunist  ideas;   is  knovm  in  the 
Party  and  in  the  "26th  of  July  Movement"  under  the  name  of  "Devora"; 
was  in  the  Sierra  Maestra  \^iere  she  liveu  with  Raul  Castro  ac  man  and 
wife,  contracting  marriage  with  htm  two  years  later,     She  has  been  in 
Moscow  and  Prague  where  she  was   said  to  have  been  studying  [at  the 
respective  universities] ,     One  of  her  sisters,   also  a  Coraraunict,    [has] 
studied  [or,   is  studying?]    nuclear  energy  [physics]    in  Paris  and  is 
said  to  be  married  to  a  Russiano     This  couple  is  now  doing  some  myster- 
ious work  at  Cayo  [Key]  Lai-go,    south  of  Cuba,   of  vfeich  the  Soviet  Union 
is  not  unaware,     Vilma  Espin  has,   furthermore,   been  appointed  Director 
General  of  the  so-called   "Radio  Rebelde"   [Rebel  Radio]    network,   with 
11  broadcasting  stations  tliroughout  the  Republic,   which  every  day 
carry  on  a  ferocious  campaign  [over  the  airwaves]    against  the  North 
Jvmericans  and  against  anyone  daring  to  criticize  the  measures  taken 
by  Lictator  Fidel  Castro,      She  belongs  to  the  Communist  VJomen's 
Committee  which  was  at  [attended]    the  Communist  Congress  in  Santiago, 
Chile,      She  has  just  haa  [given  birth  to]   a  son  from  her  union     .d.th 
Raul  Castro,   anu  it  is  an  open  secret  tliat  they  have  bought  an  e::pensive 
bassinet  in  the  city  of  I'aris, 


554       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

BALDOMH^:  JiLV/Jiai  PJOS.--UiJ  to  now  has  not  been  known  to  engage  in 

Communist  activitiet;,   but  stated  recently 
that  he  iiad  always  supporteu  those  iueas  Ltimt  ideolotiy]    secretly, 
so  as  to  deceive  the  police  of  the  L icta tor ship ;   at  the  present  time 
is  Dean  of  the  "Golegio  Uacional  ue  Periodistas"   [National  College  of 
Newspapermen— something  like  Press  Association] ,  and  one  of  the 
creators  of  the  "coletillas"  ^    [comments,  or  commentaxy] ,  or  censor- 
ship of  the  cables  ano  editorials  of  [printed  in]    the  newspapers;    is 
anti-iimerican  and  launches  uaily  attacks  against  the  U.S.  Information 
Agencies;   and,  furthermore,  works  toward  maicing  a  success  of  the 
"Prensa  Latina"   [Latin  i'unerican  Press]    (a  branch  of  Moscow'  s  "Tass" 
Agency) ,  formerly  operating  in  Argentina. 


^)    see  p.   3,   line  1;  unaer  "Carlos  T^afael  Tlodriguez" — -C.li. 


SljaUl-ttX)  QLTNOOC'Jo.— Formei'ly  [oi"?   long-stancing]    leauer  of  the  People's 

Socialist  (Communist)   Pai-ty  who  has  alvsys  been 
entrusted  with  secret  missions;   his  name  should  appear  in  the  files  of 
the  Cuban  police  [under  the  uates]    of  the  different  occasions  on  which 
he  was  ai*rested. 


liiJ^OU  C/iLCI'!E6  GO-lLiIl.Q. — Ira^jortant  member  of  the  Communist  Party; 

\w.s  leader  of  the  sugar  workers  in  Las 
Villas  i'rovince;  mass  oratoi',  and  considered  clever  in  spreading 
Marxist  ideas;   \^s  in  Prague  'until  [sic]   a  short  time  ago,   [busy  vrith] 
organizing  the  Youth  Congress  v/liich  is  planned  to  be  hela  in  Havana; 
x'resident  of  the  IZxecutive  of  tuE  Party  Bioreau,  and  in  charge  of  main- 
taining union  among  the  youth  organizations. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       555 

J06E  LUIvJ  I-LiLiO. — lias  well  defined  Coinmunist  ideas,  altiiough  he  cioes 

not  t^eem  to  be  affiliateo  with  the  farty.     The  /jaerican 
authorities  Imve  refuseo  to  issue  him  a  visa  for  travel  to  the  United 
States,   not  only  because  of  his  Communist  ideas  but  also  because  of 
the  offensive  manner  in  which  he  expresses  himself  about  North  American 
Government  officials.     He  is  a  great  friend  of  Fidel  Castro,  and  has 
managed  to  get  on  television  panel  [shov;s]    whenever  members  of  the 
regime  are  interviewed,     'Jell  informed  sources  claim  that,  out  of  re- 
venge for  having  him  removea  from  the  "Itoticiero  Union  r.acio",  he 
succeeded  in  having  the  property  and  assets  of  Mr,  /unadeo  Darletta 
confiscated  [whom  he  holds  responsible  for  his  removal]. 


V1CHQ'1:TA  ANTUTTA  LE  GAPjOMS.— Communist  with  deeply  rooted  ideas  ["dyed- 
in-the-wool  Communist"] ;   married  to  Dr, 
Francisco  Carone,    University  i^ofessor,   also  at  the  University  of 
Havana,  where  she  [he?]    teaches  Latin;   was  appointed  Lirector  of  the 
National  Institute  of  Culture  by  the  present  Communist  regime  of  Cuba, 
It  was  slie  who  resolveu  that  a  "Cuban  Christmas"   should  be  celebrated, 
ano,  because  of  her  hatred  for  North  America,  the  name  of  Lanta  Glaus 
was  omitted,     bhe  is  an  intelligent  woman,   well  acquainted  vri.th  the 
Commonist  tactics,   and  sai.c  to  liave  had  great  influence  on  the  new 
eoucational  system  installec  in  Cuba  calling  for  discrediting  the  United 
States  and  praising  the  Soviet  Union. 

[should  follow  HL'IiL  CASTPJD  F.UZ,  as  p.  /i] 


556       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

jiLFRHX)  GUSVAPwl  V..ILDES,— Not  related  to  Major  Ernesto  "Che"  Guevara, 

but  they  are  very  good  friencs  inaeeo;    is 
Professor  at  the  University  of  Havana  anc.  lias  just  been  appointed 
Director  of  the  "Cine  Nacional"   [National  Movie  Industry] ,     Although 
there  was  opposition  on  the  part  of  the  Cuban  artists,   Guevara  succeed- 
ed in  suppressing  the  native,  or  folic,   theatre  anc  in  giving  the 
theatrical  works,   television  and  radio  scripts,  and  movie  scenarios, 
a  socio-political  content,    each  of  which  having  to  convey  a  message 
against  Yanicee  Imperialism  anc  to  focus  on  Cuba's  sovereignty.     Right 
now  he  is  writing  several  movie  scripts,   showing  the  contrast  between 
the  humble  and  the  moneyed  classes  and  making  the  worker  and  peasant 
masses  believe  that  tliis  state  of  affairs  has  disappeared  in  [tioviet] 
Huss5.a,   because  of  which  the  population  is  happier, 

[should  follow  VINCaiTlNA  ANTUtTA  DE  CAl'iDNE,  as  p,5] 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       557 

HLAo  iX)CA  CALDa^JQ, — One  of  "the  most  outstanding  members  of  the 

Communist  Party  whose  Secretary  General  he  is; 
a  shoemaker  by  trade;   was  born  at  Manzanillo,  Oriente;    is  regarded 
as  a  gooa  mass  orator;   fi^equently  vtritgs  articles  in  the  newspaper 
Hoy,  always  encouraging  the  workers  and  peasants  to  prepare  the  ascent 
to  power  of  a  government  baseu  on  tiiat  [sic]    force,    supported  by 
sailors  and  soldiers,   which  is  his  "golden  dream"   since  he  dwells  on 
this  particulai'  in  the  majority  of  liis  pronouncements.     At  a  TV 
appearance  last  year,    shortly  after  Fidel  Castro  took  over,  he  public- 
ly stated  that  the  next  step  that  the  government  of  Cuba,   v/hich  was 
Socialist  at  tlie  time,  would  take,  was  to  go  on  to  the  "Communist 
government  of  the  future".     He  is  anti-American;   has  made  trips  to 
Moscow,  Mexico,  and  other  countries  and  participated  in  several  con- 
gresses,    We  thinic  tloat  he  should  be  \jatched  closely  and  tliat  all 
his  hideaways  [disguises]    should  be  knovm  because  he  is  very  sldllful 
in  [the  art  of]   Disguising  himself,   to  the  extent  tiiat  uncer  the 
Batista  government  he  used  to  slip  away  in  clerical  g-arb.     His  real 
name  is  Manuel  Galdorio. 


558       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

HJAS  ^JfJEALGO . — Lawyer,  and  man  of  cxtraorclnai-/  talents;  professor 
at  the  University  of  Havana,   where  he  teaches  Cuban 
History  in  the  iachool  of  Philosophy  and  Letters,     He  v;as  the  one  who, 
together  with  I'abio  Qrobart,   did  the  organizational  work  leading  to 
the  constitution  of  the  Communist  Party  createc;   [established]    three 
years  before  by  Carlos  3al5.no,     Entral^-o  ana  Grobart  wei'e  responsible 
foi'  devising  the  formula  under  which  the  electoral  organizations  of 
the  Party  were  set  up  at  the  Meeting  hela  in  Cerro  and  Santa  Teresa, 
Havana,  when  the  Party  was  given  legal  status  and  became  part  of  a 
government  coalition  to  elect  President  Pulgencio  Batista,     He  has 
always  worked  clandestinely  because  [as]    he  constantly  said,   this  was 
the  best  Lmost  efficient]   method  of  fighting;   has  alivays  encouraged 
the  university  stuuents  to  maintain  a  Party  Cell  at  that  center  of 
learning  [Havana  U.J ,   anc    is   said  to  be  greatly  listenec  to  because  of 
his  profound  knowle&ge  of  different  subjects  [in  different  fields  of 
endeavor] , 


CILIA  aiUTOHjJZ  AGILtU-iOMT So— Intimate  friend  of  Fidel  Castro;   comes 

from  a  rural,  though  well-to-ao,  family; 
joined  Fidel  Castro  in  the  Sierra  Maestra  in  the  first  months  [soon] 
after  his  arrival  from  Quintana  Root  in  Mexico  vrith  the  Gramma  expedi- 
tion;   is  said  to  be  in  love  with  Castro  as  well  as  fascinated  by  his 
Communist  sentiments,  and  follo\>rs  Fidel  Castro  everywhere;   attended, 
together  vrith  Vilma  Espln  and  other  Commiinist  women,   the  Chilean 
"fiongreso  Femenino"   [ Jomen' s  Congress]    of  proven  Red  stripe;  has  great 
influence  with  Fidel  Castro, 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       559 

LUIS  HAIlTlHIg  PAULA. — \-isiS  a  member  of  the  Party;   was  photographer  for 

the  newspaper  Manana  and  had  previously  been 
with  the  newspaper  Hoy;  upon  the  overthrow  of  the  Batista  government 
appropriated  the  workshops  of  Manana,   ovmed  by  Jose  Lopez  Vilaboy, 
and  continued  publishing  the  paper  under  his  direction,  and  changed  the 
paper's  name  to  Diario  Libre;      likes  money  and,   therefore,  betrayed 
his  best  ftiends,    such  as  Luis  Pozo  Jimenez,  and  Erancisco  Chao, 
Secretary  to  Eusebio  Mujal  i^ien  he  was  Secretary  for  the  CTC;    in 
partnership  with  Ghao  bought  a  publishing  house  of  l!ujal,  obtaining 
a  commission  of  six  thousand  pesos;    is  now  said  to  be  trying  to  arrange 
for  a  visa  to  enter  the  United  States,   the  pui-poses  of  Ms  trip  being 
unicnown. 


ivIlHiiLDO   BSCAIORA. — Lawyer  and  active  member  of  the  Pai'ty  ever  since 

the  days  of  his  early  youth;   an  expert  in  the 
manufacture  of  aynamite  bombs  ana  in  their  cetonation.     Because 
[sic — altJiough]   a  Rebel  officer  hac  shot  one  of  his  brothers  to 
ceath  in  the  jail  of  a  police  station,   Escalona  agreed,  not  to  pro- 
secute the  accused  officer  through  [in  exchange  for]    the  post  of 
Deputy  hearing  Jucge  of  [the]   Havana  [l^istrict]  ,     This  reveals  his 
sentiments  ["makeup"]    and  that  he  is  capable  of  aiiy  malfeasance, 

CTCOLAiS  GUILLM. — Active  member  of  the  Party  anc  on  its  'jcecut?.ve 

[Board] ;   outstancing  poet;   has  traveled  in  [Soviet] 
Russia,  Kexico,  Venezuela,  anc.  other  countries;   at  the  present  tijne 
is  indoctrinating  I:ebel  soldiers  and  inliabi-tants  of  the  Gasa  Dlanca 
[city]    district  in  Goraraunist  ideas  and  practiced;   frequently  lectures 
in  the  cultural  centers  of  the  couiitry;    is  saic.  to  liave  in  liis  posses- 
sion an  important  oocuaent  vrith  Lcontaining]    tiie  nanos  of  national 
and  foreign  contacts  ["contacts  at  home  anc.  abroad"]. 


560       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

SEVglO  AGUIRlia. — Active  member  of  the  Coranunist  Party;   lias  recently 

been  in  [Soviet]  Russia,  and  according  to  good 
[reliable]    soiorces,   instructions  [orders]   are  being  sent  to  the  Cuban 
Communists  through  his  intermediary;   a  dangerous  saboteur;   has 
numerous  contacts  in  foreign  countries. 


L'JIl)  QQI-Iffl  WAtiauU-IllIL'.— Editor  of  the  review  Garteles;   has  a  daily- 
section  [program]   on  [radio]    Station  Q-'Q; 
frequently  perfonm^  on  televised  progi^ams;   has  Communist  ideas 
[ideologies]    and  is,   supposedly,  well  connected  ;ri.th  the  Party  leader- 
ship, but  lias  never,  as  he  is  doing  now,   given  vent  to  his  thoughts. 
One  of  his  sons  died  in  the  attack  on  the  Presidential  Palace,     He  is 
thought  of  as  an  "evil  fellow",   capable  of  betraying  his  best  friends 
for  the  purpose  of  attaining  his  objectives;   outstanding  member  of 
the  "Instituto  Nacional  ue  Turicmo"   [National  Tourist  Institute]  ;   lias 
repeatedly  expressed  himself  against  the  United  iatates  over  radio  and 
television. 


HAMUliL  Ora'HjA. — imnouncer  for  Station  CMQ;   works  on  programs  for 

[sponsored  by]   Casa  Bacardi  [Rum?];   has  been  affiliated 
with  the  Conmunist  Party  for  years;   now  a  member  of  the  "Announcer 
Militias"  and  makes  no  bones  about  expressing  his  hatred  of  the  North 
/anericans. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       561 

AUaUoTO  IIAP.IIMEZ  a^J^CIiIiZ.— Was  first  Minister  of  Defense  of  the  present 

Cuban  regime;   when  that  lllnlstry  was  cils- 
solveo  he  was  appointed  Minister  of  Labor;   was  In  the  ^iei'ra  Maestra 
with  Ficel  Gastro;   acted  as  Maglsti-ate  In  the  V/ar  Council  [sic — 
Tribunal,  acijuclcatlng]    the  aviators  who,   in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
they  hac  been  acqulttod  In  the  former  court  decision  [in  the  first 
instance]  ,   v/ere,  upon  his  plea  ano  threatening  attitude,   by  Castro' s 
orders  sentencea  to  thirty  years  of  hard  labor;   active  Party  worker- 
and  lawj-er;    is  responsible  for   the  labor  census  with  a  view  to  i^tate 
control  of  the  worK  performed^  5n  private  industiv;    is  ant i-.\mer lean. 

RiiUJCIiJCO  ALHDMa). — artist;   ias  irorkeu  in  the  theatre  and  on 

television  [programs]  ;   lias  plenty  of  control 
Lis  very  influential]    in  the  Actois'    oociety;   an  olc   Communist,   wl.th 
strict  iceas;   always  plays  peasant  parts,   to  give  vent  to  liis  animosity 
against  Horth  iimerica;    is  iaio\m  among  the  artists  as  "Paco"  Alfonso; 
is  made  use  of  as  propaganaist  for  the  Party, 

GU>jTAVD  ^iLDUlBI^JlA.— Plr/-siclan;   lias  always  been  affiliated  with  the 

Communist  Party,     Ijarly  in  1959  he  was  nominated 
to  one  of  the  independent  organizations  [or  agencies]   under  the 
Ministry  of  Health;   but  since  he  is  an  Intimate  friend  of  Haul  Rob. 
he  was  appointed  Cuban  ilmbassaaor  to  Belgrade,     He  has  always  worked 
with  Pwoa  In  Communist  activities  [affairs];    is  a  man  in  whom  the 
Party  has  confidence. 


562       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

AITi'OlHQ  NUCTEZ  J'li-lJlVJo. — In  our  opinion,   he  ano  iimesto  Guevara  are 

the  two  most  inportant  figxa'es  in  the  de  facto 
government  of  Cuba,     Nunez  Jimenez  is  an  old  member  of  the  Communist 
party o     In  1950  he  accom^saniea  some  3ur'opean  scientists,   who  turned 
out  to  be  from  the  ooviet  Union,   on  an  excursion  to  the  bierra  Maestra 
and,  upon  verifying  the  5-iipregnability  of  those  mountains,   they  suggest- 
ed to  Castro  that  he  should  organize  a  revoli:tion  from  there.     He  also 
traveled   jexploredl  with  those  scientists  to  the   caves  existing  in  Las 
Villas  and  Pinar  del  Rio;  has  just  completed  a  tour  of  several  countries 
behind  the  Iron  Curtain,   of  Coimmmist  China,  among  others,  promoting 
traoe  agreements  with  those  nations^in  accordance  with  the  Joviet  plan 
to  take  exports  away  from  the  United  States,     He  was  a  Professor  at  the 
"Marta  Abreus"  Universitj^  of  Santa  Clara.     At  present  he  is  Director 
of  the  Land  Pieform  Institute,   a   super-state   ["supra- state"]    organiza- 
tion with  lai-ger  resotu-ces  [funds]    tiian  the  State  itself.     He   is  a 
man  of  intelligence,   of  anti-American  ideas  [ideology],  and  has  recent- 
ly made  public,   in  an  appearance  on  TV,   the  existence  of  a  plan  for 
government  control  of  all  private  industries  and  businesses,  whereby 
Cuba  woulc  be  the  first  Socialist  Republic  of  America, 

SjlLV;JjOR  G;U'-CIA  AGUIjI^O. — old  member  of  the  Sxecutive  of  the  Communist 

party;   a  brilliant  orator,  with  a  large 
following  among  the  Negro  race.     His  record  shows  an  infinite  number 
of  arrests  for  his  Goiranunist  activities,     ^it  the  present  time  he  is 
not  playing  an  active  role  because  of  illness, 

mGUSL  OUIKT.J^O. — Labor   leader  of  Communist  iocology;    in  conjunction 

iifith  L^zai'o  Pena  aavised  David  v-^alvacor  ana   other 
leaaers  of  the  Cuban  Confederation  of  Jorkers  [or  of  Labor] ;  an  active 
moraber  of  the  Party,  anc    entrusted  with  affairs  of  ^jportance  as  re- 
gcxos  the  cause  of  Communism,     It  is  not  loioxm  what  his  attitude  will 
be  after  ijalvador   leaves  the  C.T.C. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       563 

yiCrOK  Mlj'U'JiJi'i.. — iirtraordinarilj  active  GorimunTt.t  niil5.tant;    15.kevr3.se 
a  fri.enc    of  Lavio  oalvac or .     Li'.ke  ncny  otl:ei'  active 
Party  mcTiibc-rs  he  \/ork£  clant  esti.nely,   to  prove  to  the  tlorth  i^mericans 
tiiat  he  has  cut  hit.  ti.es  vn.th  the  above  laboi-  union. 


L'JIo  M-4.0  i-I.L.^il'1. — Captein  of  the  ilebel  A^'ny,   anc   at  the  present  time, 

not\-ri.thstanc.ing  his  mi.litarY  status,   vnrites  an 
occasional  section  [column]    5.n  the  newspaper  Hoy .    official  organ  of 
the  Goinminist  x^arty;   his  recorc  is  on  file  vn'.th  the  police  ana  the 
l'l;l;  V,V.6  .:£C3ri'LY  uZ^fi'  TO  ChiL2  EI  KLiL  CAoTi^O  FO-l  THE  tURPOSS  OF 
i-fJDOTAGIiiG  PESjIUHJT   SLu>3niOWlIl'S  TIUP. 


lixlAULlQ  GO j'.'Z-aL Ki . — Jictive  member  of  the  ConmianiEt  Partyo     His  last 

action,   which  lee"   to  his  arrest,   was  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  Carta  L)e-~nanal.  a  Communist  propa^anua  sheet  v^iich  the 
Party  is  usee  to  publishing  when  it  works  undergrounc;    enjoys  the 
corJ"iccnce  of  the  high  Party  leadership  because  of  his  proven  loyalty; 
sei'veu  a  si:<  year  sentence  for  being  a  Communist,  but  was  set  free, 
when  ridel  Castro  too.c  over,   upon  "Che"  Guevara's  ordei's. 


564       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

LiDNljj  LiOTQ. — Active  propagandist  for  Communism;    sttidied  Marxist 

tactic&  in  Moscow  anc  Prague;   upon  his  return  to  Cuba 
was  entrusted  witii  the  airoctorship  and  publication  of  the  Carta 
bems-nal  and  cai-rieu  out  his  task  until  he  was  arrested  and  sentenced 
to  six  years  [in  prison];  was  set  free  upon  "Che"  Guevara's  ordere;- 
at  present  in  [Soviet]  Russia  on  a  special  mission. 


JUAN  AIKUDA. — i^esent  Chief  of  the  Cuban  Army;   had  previously  com- 
posed  numerous  songs  for  little  known  singers;   was  a 
member  of  the  [Communist]   Party  in  the  city  of  Guant^namo;   has  little 
polish,     Wlien  he  fount  himself  persecuted,   he  fleo  to  the  Sierra  Maestra 
and  joineo  up  with  Fioel  Castro,  but  other  people  said  that  he  establish- 
ed contact  with  Fidel  in  Mexico,     When  Castro  took  over,  he  was 
appointed  Major  in  the  Arn^y  and,   subsequently.  Chief  of  the  Air  Force 
when  Major  Peoro  Luis  Diaz  Lanz  resigned  his  post;   he  was  later 
appointed  Chief  of  the  Army,  replacing  Major  Camilo  Cienfuegos  who  had 
inyster5.ously  uisappeared.     Almeida  is  backed  by  Raul  Castro,     He  has 
always  been  singled  out  for  acts  afforcing  an  opportunity  to  harrass  the 
White  race,   such  as  [,for  instance,]    the  crowning  of  the  Beauty  Queen 
or  the  Carnival  Queen  dancing  with  them  and  taking  than  away  to  an 
alcove,   to  raaice  a  fool  of  them.     He  says  that  "thanks  to  Communism,  he 
may  do  so  "["Communism  allows  h5jn  to  do  that"].     This  man's  father  passed 
himself  off  as  a  Peruvian  lawyer  in  exile,  and  has  several  times  been 
accused  of  swindling  in  Havana, 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       565, 

Lj'lUIuL.^  GONZALlg  CAr.V/iJ/iL. — Man  of  action,   and  very  active  in  the 

Communist  Party;   has  always  carried  on 
his  activities  in  Oriente  Province  vAere  he  replaced  Cesar  Vila  as 
Provincial  Governor;   cooperated  with  Castro's  propaganda  [collaborated 
in  Castro's  propaganda  activities]    in  the  cjierra  Maestra,  and   interceded 
in  the  alliance  between  the  "26th  of  July  Movement"  and  the  Communist 
Party,   in  agreement  with  Carlos  llafael  Rodriguez,   because  of  which  he 
enjoyed  great  ascendency  with  ["...a  controlling  Influence  over,,."] 
Fidel  Castro  and  his  brother  Ratll;   is  a  terrible  enemy  [sic]    of  the 
North  Americans, 


JO^E  LUIS  GALBIilS. — Spanish  citizen;   fled  his  coxmtry  at  the  termination 

of  the  [Spanish]   Civil  V/ar;    since  that  time  has 

been  active  in  Mexico  and  Cuba,   finally  settling  down  in  this  country 

[Cuba]    where  he  first  obtained  a  [teaching  or  administrative?]   position 

with  the  University  of  Oriente,  and,   because  he  had  been  cooperating 

[collaborating]    with  the  revolutionists,   they  then  appointed  him 

Director  General  of  Prisons  and  Chief  of  Penal  Institutions;   has  well 

deflnea  Communist  ideas,  and  is  a  friend  of  the  poet  Micolfis  Guillen 

for  whom  he  arranged  a  show  ["a  reading"]    at  the  "Teatro  de  Artes 

Plistlcas"  of  Santiago,  Cuba;    organized  in  the  same  city  a  Communist 

propaganda  affair   [meeting]   at  Party  headquarters  [located]    at  158 
Callgde  Kstrada  Paliaa  [Santiago,  Cuba], 


566       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

CASi'O  fKISIO  LOMaNiXili. — Active  Communist,  and  man  of  action  in  the 

(have  you.  any  ;vay  Party;   raanuTactured,    together  with  Leonel  iioto, 

of  checxdng  whetlaei' 

or  not  the  first  the  Carta  uemanal.   because  of  which  he  was 

name  is  accui'ate — 

shoulan't  it  be  sentenced  to  six  years  in  prison,  and  [but]    set 

CAoTL0V~I3l) 

free  upon  "Che"  Guevara's  orders.     At  the 

present  time  he  is  Con^troller  of  the  "Fincas  Karoca",   [large  landhold- 

ings]   owneu  by  Col.  Robert  ana  llr.  Mestre,   his  former  bosseSo     Mesti'e 

has  just  been  sentenced  to  20  years  in  the  penitentiary  for  conspii-acy, 

jprieto  then  undertook  to   seize  tiie  lots   Lpieces  of  real  estate]    from 

those  who  hao  acquii-ec.  them  in  good   faith,   allejjin^  tliat  they  were  "ill- 

^"otten  property  for  [the  purpose  of]    illicit  enrichment  -uncer  the 

Dictatoi'ship" , 


RAI'AEL  iaVBRD  PUi\).— Goiomunist  loaoex-  of  Uriente,   and  member  of  the 

"Juventuc   Socialista  i'opulai'"   Li'eople's 
iJocialist  Youth]  ;    intimate  ll-iend  of  Major  Haul 

Cai^tro  to  the   e:-ctent  tiiat  he  stoou  up  as  iri.tneSE  at  the  recent  wedding 

of  Kaul  and  ViLas.  tilspln  in  >.>antiago,  Cuba;   man  of  action,  ana  dangerous 

in  respect  to  acts  of  sabotage. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       567 

IDi'JUUM  IIIBIMO. — Racio  announcer;   previously  vrlth  tlie  Coimnunist 

i^arty's  "Mil  Diez"  Network,   whence  he  vehanently 
voiced  his  Goinmunist  sentiments;   was  marrieu  to  the  artist  [or  actress] 
Olga  GuiUoy,  because  of  which  she  was  not  permitted  to  enter  the 
United  btates  after  she  had  been  elected  Cuba' s  "Radio  Queen"   l^ueen 
of  the  Air  Waves",., bettei',  maybe?? — Hi];    cannot  be  trusted  very  much. 


HVIIUl  LliiZ. — Iia^j  for  many  years  been  a  stuaent  of  the  "Escuela  de 

Pecarjogia"   i_ijchool  of  ScVacation]    of  the  University  of 
liavana,  anc    intei'mittantly  carrieu  out  tiie  functions  of  Chief  or 
i'resident  of  the  University  itucent  Federation,     Giving  way  to  her 
aspii-ation  ["Yielding  to  her  ambition"],   she  accepted  the  post  of 
Chief  of  Security  of  the  Congress;   has  well  defineci  Communist  ideas 
[oefinitely  Goramunist  ideology] ;   belongs  to  the  terTorist  groups  of 
the  city  of  havana  who  plant  bombs  in  different  spots  in  the  Capital; 
has  just  incurred  the  repudiation  of  the  veterans,  ana  of  a  large  por- 
tion of  the  citizeru'y,   for  cenj"ing  the  liberators  the  pension  v;hich 
some  of  them  hue,  been  collecting  [based  on  a  Resolution  approved]    by 
the  Congress,    something  which  nobocrr  hac.   [_wou1g  have]    cai^ea  to  co  in 
Cuba  because  of  the  respect  inspii'ea  by  those  who  had  given  us  oui- 
freecom. 


43354  O— 60 — 8a- 


568       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

MANUHi  F^JNfANDEZ.— His  identification  is  difficult  in  view  of  the  lai-t;o 

nianber  of  persons  listed  here,  but  we  shall  put  him 
down  for  having  been  Minister  of  Labor  of  the  present 

Conmunist  govei'nment  of  Cuba,     He  is  a  member  of  the  Party  and  said  to 

be  an  expert  on  labor  problems.     He  was  i"ecentl;y  separated  from  his 

post  sind  replaced  by  Dr.  Augusto  Martinez  Sdnchez, 


MiU-IUIiL  PiflliLrX). — ^^a.ior  in  the  Rebel  Arm;y-;   has  well  iaioim  [definite] 
Communist  ideas;   was  Chief  of  the  Military  Distri.ct 
of  Oriente,   but  was  recently  replaced  in  his  post 
by  the  likewi.se  Communist  Major  Calis^o  Gai'cia;   a  short  time  ago  \is.s 
transferred  to  Matanzas,  and  went  over  to  the  General  i^taff;    is  mt^rried 
to  an  American  citizen  witli  whom  he  too  a  son;   no  fui-tuoi"  information 
[available]   about  his  activities. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       569 

L/I^IINIO  BaGALONA.-- Ma.ior  in  the  Rebel  Army  and  Chief  of  the  Military 

[I  feel  pretty  Listrict  of  Pinar  del  liio;   was  affiliatea  vdth 

sure  that  this 

name  alibuld  be  the  ComDiunist  Party;   at  the  present  time  the 

spelled  IIHIIINIO- 

00  you  have  any  people  of  finar  fear  him,   because  of  his  blood- 

way  of  checking; — 
SHJ  thirsty  instincts,   to  such  an  extreme  that  he  liac 

incurred  the  repulsion  of  everybody.     He  is  a  man  given  to  drink,  and 

many  of  his  actions  are  the  effect  of  intoxication.     He  is  said  to 

have  killed  a  group  of  expeditionaries  sent  by  the  son  of  Jose  M,  /ilein^n 

when  he  ijas  holed  up  in  the  Sierra  de  los  drganos  in  Pinai^  del  Rio 

during  the  Batista  administration. 


AUGU3TIN  NAViMRSL'E.— Known  as  "Tin"  Navarrete;  Major  in  the  Rebel  Anqy, 

Chief  of  Maestre  Military  Headquarters  of  Oriente; 
thought  to  be  a  Communist,  although  there  is  no  recorc  of  his  past 
public  performance  because  he  has  always  acted  clandestinely  [under- 
ground] , 


570       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

A[Tl'Oi{lQ  Luzon. — ^Ilajor  in  the  l-.ebel  iirmj,  Chief  of  ooction  G-2, 

Personnel, General  Ltaff,   anc  abcolutel;,'  truLitec.  by 
■':(aul  Gastrr.'    n.s  recarceo  at;  an  inc  ivic  ual  v/ith  CoLomunist  iceaa,   but 
there  is  jrther   inforrnation  ac  to  hit;  pact  pei'fonnance. 


LjIi-^--  .XiLiJ.:. — .*ctive  CoimauniBt  leacei";   c  esignated  to  give  classes  on 
Marxist  doctrine  [incoctrination  courses]    to  solaiers, 
sailois,   ant    members  of  the  "26th  of  July  liovement";    has  raaue  several 
visits  to   tile  coun'ti'ies  beiiinc"   the  Iron  Cui'tain  and  brought  booses 
into  Cuba  whose  tebct  hat,  already  been  translateo,  into  opanisli.     It  is 
iFDjortant  that  she  should  be  v;atchec   in  order   to  find  out  wliei'e  she 
15.ves  anu  the  places  that  ai-e  frequentsc",  by  her. 


VIGTOll  IIO-wl. — Active  militant  of  tiio  Communist  tarty;    is  now  a  Captain 
Lprobablj''  Lt.   Col.    in  this  particular  case  in  vlev  of  the 
impoi'tance  of  the  job;   hence,   ranlcing  with  "capitdn  de 

cueu'tcl" — Ai]    in  the  Tiebel  lirmy,   Chief  of  the  Tactical  Forces  of  the 

Gai^rison  in  the  Minas  ae  [m.ines  of]  Hlo  IVn.o  y  oan  Lorenzo,   in  the 

tiiei'Ta  liaestra. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       571 

JUAil  TAC^UaDnili. — Iimjortant  member   of  the  Communist  Pcj-ty  ^n  Orients 

Province,   ano  leader  of  the  maritme  \;oricers  in  the 
i'ort  of  Santiago,   Cuba;   very  active;   considerec  trustworthy  with  a 
viev;  to  carrying  out  ["s-chievins?"]    all  of  the  missions   entrustea  to 
hm. 


JO oiiH^ MA  VIL' AUR^lS-'A .  — I'larr i eo  to  ki-,  Juan  Mar inello;    teacher  in  the 

Havana  "liscuela  Normal  ce  Hujeres"   [Vfomen' s 
Teachers  College];   active  Gonmunist  and  propa^ancist  of  those  [Comraunist] 
iceas;    is  consiuereu  a  vei'y  intelligent  woman  ano  of  sufficient  merit 
to  be  entrusted  \,rith  the   inc  octiination  of  the  young  people  in  her 
school. 


^i^IlAflDO  VOliitao. — Lieutenant  in  the  F.ebel  iUT.Ty,   oecond  [_ Assistant] 

Chief  of  Section  0-2;   ricdces  frequent  trips  to  Mexico 
to  execute  Li"  cocvliance  \<ri.th?]    orcers;   visits  the  soviet  iJnibassy 
there;   active  Communist,   anc  trusteu  absolutely  by  P.aul  Castro  and 
by  the  Par-ty, 


572       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

ALBJANDPJtK)  BORROTQ. — Newspaperman;   had  vrorked  on  the  newspaper  Hoy; 

had  been  affiliated  with  the  Coinniunist  Party; 
also  worked  on  the  newspaper  Mariana;    is  presently  working  on  the  news- 
paper Avance.  but  his  services  have  [just]    been  terminated  because, 
after  havinjj  been  removed  from  his  paper,   its  director  and  owner, 
Jorge  Zayas  Menendez,  has  been  reinstated,     Borroto  is  a  Communist  and 


has  been  accused  of  collecting  signatures  to  bring  charges  against 
Jorge  Zayas,     All  members  of  his  family  are  likewise  Communists, 

Vi\DlN  KATCHHIGIN. — Member  of  the  Secret  Service  of  the  Soviet  Union  In 

[Russian  name:         Mexico,  making  ftequent  trips  to  Cuba;    entertains 
"Vadim,..3iJ 

an  intinfite  friendship  w^.th  Lt,  Armando  Torres; 

Vadln  [first  name;    should  be  referred  to,   in  this  case,  as  "Katchergin"- 

Sl]   was  in  Cuba  in  May  1959,  and  subsequently  retiirned  in  November 

of  the  same  year,   to  attend  the  inaviguration  of  the  E>cecut5.vc  of  the 

Cuban  Confederation  of  Workers, 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       573 

FERNANDO  KAAH. — Has  been  aff-lliatea  w5.th  the  ?arty  ever  since  worlcing 

as  a  reporter  on  the  newspaper  Hoy;   at  iiie  present 
time  works  for   "Radio  Progreso"  and  calls  himself  a  great  frienci  of 
the  Chief  of  Police,   Eficrenio  Amei.ieiras.     There  is  no  information  as 
to  his  present  connection  with  the  Party,  but  it  is  to  be  assumeci 
that  he  is  maintaining  his  former  affiliation. 


ANTOLIN  VILLAMANDOS.— Physician,   of  the  Communist  faction  of  the  National 

College  of  Medicine;   has  made  various  trips  to 
[Soviet]  Russia  and  to  the  countries  behind  the  Iron  Curtain,  and  does 
not  hesitate  to  demonstrate  his  enthusiaam  for  the  Communist  countries; 
Is  qualified  as  an  [",,,is  a  very  skillful,,,."]   agitator  and  Is  feared, 
therefore,  not  only  by  the  non-political  physicians  but  also  by  those 
who  belong  to  his  own  group. 


PI  goo  GONZALEZ  MARTIN.— Physician;  Communist;  belongs  to  the  Agitator 

Group  of  the  National  College  of  Medicine;  has 
also  been  In  Prague;  is  considered  a  man  of  action  and  active  militant 
of  the  Party. 


^74       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

I'JUX  iLLlZA^TjjG'Jl . — Pliyslcian.  with  definitely  ConiiminiEt  iceas; 

one  of  those  who  tried  to  soc5.alize  the  medical 
career  [,,viz:   to  introduce  "socialized  medicine"]    in  Cuba;   is  con- 
sidered a  mass  agitator  and  aangerous  man. 


MILlQ  QUES.;\DA, — Physician;   Communist;    [member]   of  the  agitator  group 
of  the  Mational  College  of  Iledicine,   who  has  irr^osed 
himself  on  the  class  ["has  risen  to  a  position  of  authority"]   by  way 
of  intimidation;   a  goou  orator  anc\  nuin  of  action. 


AtlGPX  QUIjrriiI"'jO. — :Ias  been  a  reporter  on  the  newspaper  Hoy  and  an  active 
i-'ai-ty  meraber   since  before  1940;   worked  as  a  newspaper- 
man in  the  "Cficina  ce  Regulacion  de  Precios  y  Abastecimiento"  [Office 
of  Price  ana  supply  Regulation,  or  Control]    during  World  War  II,  and 
also  in  the  Commerce  beixirtment;   his  wife  is  also  an  active  Communist, 
He  worked  on  the  nev/cpapers  Lanc/or  pei^iocicals]   illerta  and  Bohemia 
[really  a  magazine — 121]  ,  ana  is  now  worlcing  on  I'.evolucion.   which  is 
the  official  government  organ, 

[TO  BS  COKTlrHUJ__next  name  ZjrJQ'JS  G0tTZALS2 
Translatea  by  lIAMTIiCi] 

Elizabeth  Hanunian 
June  3,  I960 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       575 

StgiiaUE  GOHZiiLffl  MAMTai.— Afflliatec  with  the  Party  for  many  yearsj 

worked  in  the  "Mil  Diez"  broadcasting 
station  of  the  Commiinist  Party;  orchestra  conductor,  and  recently 
sent  his  musical  productions  to  [Soviet]  Ptussia  and  Prague  for  per- 
formance in  both  cities. 


WALEO  MH)IIIA. — Convinced  Communist;  a  lawyer  and  [former]  Judge  in 
Havana  [ courts] ^  from  ^^ich  office  he  was  separated 
because  of  Ms  Communist  resolutions  [decisions?]  during  the 
Batista  administration;  harbors  a  fierce  hatred  for  the  Americans 
and  misses  no  opportunity  to  hurt  them,  for  which  reason  he  was  denied 
entry  into  that  country  [USA]  some  time  ago;  at  the  present  time  is 
Chief  of  the  Legal  Section  of  the  Land  Reform  Institute  (INRA)  ,  from 
which  post  he  is  carrying  on  intensive  [pro]CommimiEt  activities 
among  the  peasant  population  and  trying  to  prejudice  the  North  American 
landowners  in  connection  with  the  confiscation  of  their  iBndholdings 
and  other  properties. 


576       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

JOSE  PAFXO  LLAJjA. — In  addition  to  being  a  Comnianlst,  is  a  man  without 

morals;  emerged  in  public  life  through  his  radio 
commentaries;  was  a  friend  of  Batista  from  whom  he  received  money  in 
order  to  get  married  and  spend  his  honeymoon  in  Miami;  afterwards,  iriaen 
finding  that  he  could  get  no  more  money  from  him,  he  started  to  attack 
him  over  the  radio;  later  came  to  the  United  States  and  joined  up  with 
the  conspirators,  being  present  at  the  [signing  of  the]  Treaty  of 
Montreal,  but  subsequently  attacked  the  treaty;  when  the  situation 
became  untenable  for  him  because  of  lack  of  money,  he  resumed  his  contact 
with  President  Batista,  through  Orlando  Piedra.  from  whom  he  received 
a  sum  of  money  every  month;  finally  he  went  up  to  the  Sierra  Maestra 
and  joined  up  with  Fidel  Castro,  submitting  to  a  humiliating  trial 
to  clear  himself  of  his  treachery  which  had  victimized  even  Sduardo 
Chivas;  when  Castro  took  over,  he  found  no  in^iortant  opposition  but,  all 
the  same,  made  himself  available  for  participation  in  several  m5.ssions 
to  visit  foreign  countries  and  to  work  on  behalf  of  the  Cuban  Revolu- 
tion; although  not  appearing  to  be  affiliated  with  the  I^rty,  he  now 
presents  himself  as  a  rabid  Communist  and  demonstrates  [gives  vent  to] 
his  hatred  of  the  North  Americans  because  they  had  refused  him  a  visa 
to  enter  the  USA;  he  had  held  himself  out  as  a  friend  of  President 
Per6n  and  had  several  times  invited  him  to  visit  Cuba,  without, 
however,  an  acceptance  from  Peron;  Pardo  Llada  is  a  man  who  cannot  be  trust , 
because  he  is  capable  of  | commit tingj  the  worst  felonies  for  money. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       577 
^tAMIS  TABOAPA,  —  Sympathizer  with  the  CcJimtiunist  ideas;  was  legal  advisor 

to  the  Soviet  Einbassy  in  Havana,  established,   for  some  timt 

on  Calle  de  Paseo  y  Quince,  Vedado,  Havana;  is  a  lawyer,  biit  there  is  no 
knowledge  of  any  other  activities  on  his  part. 


MANUBL  D3..  F'ESO. — Old  militant  of  the  Communist  Party  to  [on]    whose 

Executive  he  belonged  [served];   in  1958  was  active  in 
Santa  Clara  vdiere  he  supplied  the  forces  of  Camilo  Cieafuegos  by  re- 
quisitioning food  and  anmmnition  from  the  business  establishments  and 
inhabitants  of  the  city;   later  was  a  member  of  the  Revolutionary 
Tribunals  sentencing  to  death  and  executing  numerous  members  of  the 
Army  and  civilians,  many  of  them  con5)letely  innocent,  for  the  single 
fact  that  they  had  been  anti-Communists;  a  man  of  bad  instincts,  a 
terrorist,  and  must  be  ^.etched  in  case  of  war  to  prevent  acts  of 
sabotage  on  his  part. 


Not  clear  whether  the  Soviet  Embassy  was  "established"  there,  or  Taboada 
"lived",  or  had  offices  there,  -  Translator. 


578       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

FELIX  TORRES.— .^aj or  in  the  Rebel  I^my,   and  affiliated  with  the 

CommtiniEt  Party;  Fidel  Castro  himself  had  assured  him  in 
the  trial  of  Hubert  Katos  "that  one  could  not  oust  him  from  the  post, 
despite  [his]  being  a  Communist,  because  of  the  many  services  [he 
had]  rendered  to  the  revolution". 


EJIRIQUE  MOin'ON.— Ma.ior  in  the  Rebel  Army,  and  affiliated  with  the 

Gommianist  Party;  obeys  the  orders  of  the  Party  more 
than  he  does  those  of  the  Army  Command,  according  to  what  he  told  his 
friends;  believes  that  Cuba  must  terminate  its  relations  with  North 
America  and  make  treaties  with  [Soviet]  Russia  and  the  countries  behind 
the  Iron  Curtain, 

URSlNlQ  ROJAS.— VJas  Secretary  General  of  the  FNTA  (Federacion  Nacional 

de  Trabajadores  Azucareros)  [National  Confederation 
of  Sugar  Workers]  in  194-8;  active  Communist  and  Party  action  man; 
friend  of  the  late  Jesus  Menendez  and  therefore  spoke  at  a  CTC  affair 
in  honor  of  his  memory;  although  now  replaced  by  Conrado  Becquer. 
continues  to  work  among  the  workers  in  the  sugar  industry. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       579 

VIOLHTA  CaSaLS. — Artist  working  for  CllQ;  at  present  Secretary  General 

of  the  Society  of  Artists,  having  replaced  Manolo 
Fernandez  who  was  deposed  by  a  minority  for  repudiation  of  the  Conmmnist 
procedures  put  into  practice  by  Fidel  Castro's  government;   i5)on  Fidel 
Castro's  talcing  over,   she  made  a  toxar  of  all  of  [Latin?]   America,  as 
a  member  of  a  mission  of  "whiskered"  men  in  order  to  justify  the  firing- 
squaos,   but  in  almost  all  nations  visited  by  them  they  were  repudiated 
for  their  praise  of  the  death  penalty;  makes  no  bones  about  expressing 
her  anti-ilmericanism,  and  openly  declares  her  Communist  sentiments. 


ARMAMDO  NUITSZ  HSINaMjEZ.— Commentator  on  "Radio  Kambl",  and,  although 

said  not  to  be  a  Communist,  all  his  statements 
demonstrate  the  contrary;    the  majority  of  the  scripts  read  by  him  over 
[the  facilities  of]    that  Radio  Station  are  reported  to  be  drafted  try 
Carlos  Rafael  Rodriguez;    every  day  launches  the  worst  insults  against 
the  Americans,   especially  against  President  Eisenhower  and  Secretary 
Herter, 


580       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

EUCLIIJES  VAZQCTEZ  CANDliliA. — Assistant  Director  of  the  newspaper 

Fwevoluclon  and  well  defined  [definitely 
a  "dyea-in-the-wool"]   Communist;   has  now  been  placed  in  charge  by 
the  government  of  the  newspaper  Liario  Libre,   published  [printed]    in 
the  Kanana  workshops,  for  utilization  of  that  paper  in  teaching  the 
students  of  the  iichool  of  Journalism;   in  his  daily  articles  hurls 
the  biggest  insults  at  the  North  Americans,  con^jlemented  by  the  most 
serious  crimes,   so  as  to  arouse  more  hatred  of  the  United  States  on  the 
part  of  the  people  of  Latin  America;  is  a  dangerous  man,  and  it  is 
recommended  that  he  be  watched  in  order  to  find  out  where  he  lives  and 
where  he  hides  out;  was   recently  married  to  Astrld  Blonqulst*  Sanchez , 

I.IA  DE  LA  TORPIENTE. Fervent  Comr\xinist,  who  works  in  the  Ministry  of 

Culture  [or  Education]  and  carries  on  &  terrible  anti -North  American 

campaign. 


*Probably  the  Scandinavian  name  Blomqvdst.   Letter  "m"  changes  into 
"n"  in  Spanish  -  Translator, 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       581 

OCTAVIO  LOUIT  (Cabrera) .--Member  of  the  CTC  Executive,  and  is, 

although  not  appearing  to  be  affiliated 
with  the  Communist  Party,  because  of  his  deeds  and  the  hatred  mani- 
fested by  him,  against  the  North  Americans;  his  Comnunist  ideas 
are  also  shown  by  his  designation  to  attend,  together  with  Ramon 
Monteagudo.  a  meeting  of  Spanish  and  Portuguese  exiles  in  Sao 
Paulo,  Brazil,  in  order  to  request  [the  granting  of]  amnesty  to 
the  political  prisoners  in  those  countries  [Spain  and  Portugal], 
The  meeting  could  not  take  place  and  they  are  going  to  hold  it  in 
Havana  at  an  early  date;  he  is  a  political  action  man  and  dangerous. 


JBSUS  SOTO  DIAZ. — Secretary- organizer  of  the  Cuban  Confederation  of 

Workers,  now  substituting  for  David  Salvador 
who  was  ousted  from  office  upon  orders  from  Fidel  Castro  when  Salvador 
tried  to  have  Dr,  Augusto  Martinez  Sanchez  of  the  Labor  Ministry 
replaced,  to  vAiich  Castro  did  not  consent.  It  Is  believed  in  labor 
circles  that  Soto  llaz  will  get  David  Salvador's  post.  Soto  Diaz 
has  Communist  ideas  and  makes  no  bones  about  his  hatred  of  the 
Americans,  to  such  an  extent  that,  on  a  certain  occasion  this  year, 
he  advocated  an  attack  on  the  U.S.  Einbassy  in  Havana  in  case  the 
U.S.  Government  were  to  do  away  with  the  [Cuban]  sugar  quota  or  to 
engage  in  some  other  [type  of]  economic  aggression  against  Cuba, 


582       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

ROSA  VIZCAIHO  DiAZ. — ATflllated  with  the  Connmmist  Party,  and  living 

in  her  own  home  in  the  "MaSiana"  District;  worked 
in  Cuba  for  the  "Con^anla  Cubana  de  Aviacion"  [Cuban  Aviation  Conpany] 
as  Jose  Lopez  Vilaboy' s  secretary;  now  working  with  Vilaboy  in  the 
office  opened  by  him  in  Guatemala, 


IGNACIQ  BlAN.— Priest;  has  always  distinguished  himself  by  his  Leftist 

ideas;  although  we  have  not  proved  [not  been  able  to 
prove]  that  he  is  a  member  of  the  Party,  he  favors  the  Leftists  in 
the  pages  of  the  review  La  Quincena..  which  has  been  under  his  direction 
for  some  time;  moreover,  he  admits  to  be  an  intimate  friend  of  Carlos 
Franqui .  Juan  Marinello.  and  other  well  known  Communists;  a  gifted  man, 
he  was  working  [at  the  time  of]  the  revolution  in  the  interest"  of 
Fidel  Castro, 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       583 
ADRIAN  GARCIA  HHMANDEZ. — Communist;   current  events  editor  for  the 

nevfspaper  Hoy;   considered  a  good  vrlter  and 
gifted  individual.     We  have  not  been  able  to  confirm  his  Party  maBiber- 
ship.     He  studied  in  Prance;   comes  from  an  old  Havana  family  who  do 
not  approve  his  militancy  or  his  conduct;   his  father  is  a  famous  lawyer 
who  does  not  share  his  beliefs  either.     He  speaks  several  languages, 

JDAN  CARLOS  ESPASANDE.—  Theatrical  and  TV  artist  with  deeply  rooted 

Communist  ideas,  making  no  bones  about 
manifesting  his  hostility  against  the  North  Americans;  has  offered 
himself  personally  to  Dr.  Alfredo  Guevara  to  do  theatrical  work 
"of  the  Communist  stripe"  [ i,e.,  on  behalf  of  ComnunismL 


RAMON  MONrrEAGUDO.— Militant  of  the  Communist  Party;   a  gifted,  and 

very  dangerous,  man;   was  designated,   together  with 
Octavio  Loult.   to  attend  a  meeting  in  SSo  Paulo,  Brazil,  at  vAiich  the 
release  of  the  political  prisoners  in  Spain  and  Portugal  was  to  be 
dananded,  but  vdiich  jb  etlng  was  postponed  and  will  be  held  in  Havana, 


4S354  O — 60 — 8a- 


584       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

RAMIRO  VAIDES. — Ma.lor.  and  Aide  to  Fidel  Castro,  and  \mtll  a  short 

time    ago  in  charge  of  the  military  police;  was  a 
member  of  the  Grannna  e!q)editlon,  and  is  consideored  loyal  to  the 
,  Coraraunist  Party  in  which  he  has  always  [held]  militant  [status];  a 
native  of  Artemisa,  Province  of  Plnar  del  Rio, 


JOSE  PONCE. — Police  Captain  and  Provincial  Chief  [governor?]   of 

Pinar  del  Rloj   brother-in-law  of  Major  Ramtro  Valdes; 
has  always  been-  an  active  Coraraunist  and  is  an  enemy  of  the  North 
Americans, 


GERARDO  NOGUHU  MARTINEZ.— Native  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  and  has  always 

been  a  m^.litant  in  the  Communist  Party; 
was  appointed  Military  Chief  of  the  Isle  of  Pines  because  ne  is 
regarded  as  a  man  worthy  of  trust. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       585 

LUIS  HURT ADO. — Has  always  resided  in  the  city  of  Pinar  del  Rio, 
where  he  is  known  as  an  active  Communist;   is  now 
Captain  of  Police  in  San  Jose  de  las  Lajas,  Province  of  Havana,  and 
is  regarded  as  a  staimch  supporter  of  the  government  and  the  Party, 


HH3T0R  CANCIANO. — Physician,  and  Communist  s3Ti5)athizer;   at  present 

Head  of  the  "Ministerio  de  Recuperacion  de  Bienes" 
[Ministry  of  i'roperty  Restitution]    in  the  towns  of  ibrtemisa,   Candelario, 
Saji  Cristobal,  ajid  Los  Palaciosj   one  of  his  brothers  is  in  charge  of 
Training  of  the  Pinar  del  Rio  Militias,   and  is  also  a  convinced 
Communist. 


RME  BARRIOS. — Physician  in  Artemisa  v±iere  he  is  known  for  his  Conmiunist 

militancy,  and  bitter  enany  of  the  elements  [members] 
of  the  past  Batista  government, 

EVELIO  LLglA. — A  native  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  vrtiere  he  was  known  for  his 
Communist  activities;   now  no  less  than  right-hand  man 
of  Csmani  Cjenfuegos.  Minister  of  Public  Uorks,  with  whom  he  was  linked 
in  the  revolution  in  the  town  of  Candelario. 


586       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

Fa3R0  MACHIN, — Inspector  of  schools,  carrying  on  Connnunist  activities 

in  that  sector  of  education;    engaged  in  an  anti-American 
can5>aign  of  offense  and  slander,   going  so  far  as  to  say  that  the  new 
students  of  his  zone  w3.11  be  the  future  bitter  enemies  of  the  United 
States. 


HORTEK^A  LL£RA. — Retired  schoolteacher;   has  always  fought  in  the 

Comraunist  Party,   expressing  her  opinion  in  public 
that  the  Soviet  Union  has  tri'jmphed  in  everything  over  the  United  States, 
especially  in     the  field  of     nuclear  energy;  at  present  devoting  herself 
to  denunciation  of  the;  anti-Connrnnjsts,  qualifying  them  as  counter- 
revolutionists,  and  on  her  account  many  men  and  women  have  been  sentenced 
to  prison  terms. 


OSVALIO  GONZALEZ. —Pharmacist  in  Candelaria,  Province  of  Pinar  del 

Rio;   and  known  in  that  city  as  active  Connnunist. 

JOSE  JIMaiEZ.— At  the  present  time  Assistant  Chief  of  Public  V/orks 

in  San  Cristobal,   Pinar  del  Rio;   has  always  been 
thought  to  have  Conmunist  ideas  [and  to  be]   capable  of  any  felony. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       587 

JOAQUIN  HHlNAtOEZ. — ^Lawyer  In  Pinar  del  R£o,  and  active  Conmunlst; 

making  sure  that  reference  is  made  to  the  North 
Americans  in  injurious  [offensive]    terms. 


NICASlQ  HBiKAIIDSZ. — ^Lawyer  in  Pinar  del  Rio,  and  active  Communlstj 

carrying  on  such  propaganda  work  as  the  Party  orders 
him  to  do, 

JOSE  LUIS  GOMZALSZ  CARVAJAL. — Communist  for  more  than  twenty  years,  and 

active  leader  throughout  the  Province  of 
Pinar  del  Rio;   now  General  in  Command  of  the  Militias,  his  wife  being 
no  less  than  Head  of  the  Department  of  Investigation  of  the  city  of 
Pinar  del  Rio  and  also  an  active  Comnoinist, 


BDUARLO  CAMTON  REYBRAVD. — Public  [school] teacher,  and  old  Communist 

Party  militant  like  his  entire  family; 
right  now  is  indoctrinating  urban  and  rural  workers,   exhorting  than 
to  defend  the  country  in  case  the  AmericeLn  forces  should  land,  accord- 
ing to  his  own  words. 


588        COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

lailUiQUE  CAIJTON  REYBRAVO. — Labor  leader;   member  of  the  Communist  Party; 

brother  of  the  above  [Btiviardo] .     This  family 
[Canton  Reybravo]    is  con^iosed  of  more  than  20  members  of  both  sexes, 
all  of  whom  are  affiliated  with  Communism  and  carry  on  an  active 
camp&lgn.  in  the  interest  of  the  Party, 


SMTCS  GONZALEZ. — Director  of  and  teacher  at  the  "Institute  de  Pinar 

del  Rio",  vriiere  he  inculcates  the  young  people  with 
his  Communist  ideas  and  his  hatred  of  North  America;   in  this  indoctrina- 
t5.on  work  he  has  been  successful  since  m^.  ly  of  theoc  [his]    students 
have  joined  the  militias  of  the  Province, 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       589 

UNlVHlSD  SAITCHEZ. — ^Ma.lor  in  the  Army  and  in  command  of  the  Matanzas 

District;  has  always  been  [animated  by]  Communist 
and  anti-American  ideas;  when  finding  himself  persecuted  by  the  police, 
because  of  his  terrorist  activities  and  acts  of  sabotage,  fled,  leav- 
ing his  home,  and  joined  up  with  Fidel  Castro  to  remain  in  the  Sierra 
Maestra  until  January  1959. 


-Fervent  follower  of  International  Communism  and  has 
always  distinguished  herself  by  her  activities  for 
the  Soviet  Union  and  against  the  United  States,  When  Russian  [Soviet] 
Vice  Premier  Mikoyan  came  to  Cuba  they  embraced  in  front  of  the  statue 
of  Marti,  in  Havana's  Central  Park,  a  photo  of  which  appeared  in  [a] 
February  issue  of  Life  magazine. 


ALPRaX)  lABUH.— Son  of  Syrian  parents;  lawyer  with  well  defined  Communist 

ideas;  at  the  present  time  holds  the  office  of  Minister 
of  Justice  and  in  all  his  speeches  reveals  himself  as  an  enemy  of  the 
North  Americans;  Is  working  on  a  project  to  abolish  the  notaries' 
offices,  as  a  step  preliminary  to  the  abolition  of  private  property, 
by  which  he  has  incurred  the  repudiation  of  Cuban  lawyers  and  notaries. 


590        COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

AMHIIOQ  DOMINGUEZ. — Lieutenant  in  the  Army;  has  been  appointed  Chief 

of  the  Havana  Militias;  convinced  Communist  and 
inculcates  the  members  of  his  militias  with  his  beliefs,  in  particular, 
with  hatred  for  the  North  Americans, 

EDUAKX)  PALACIO  PLANAS. — Old  militant  of  the  Communist  Party;  President 

of  the  "Confederacion  de  Profesionales  de 
Cuba"  [Cuban  Confederation  of  Professional  Workers] ,  from  which  post 
he  carries  on  intensive  anti-American  activitiesj  is  a  mestizo  by 
race;  has  a  pharmaceutical  laboratory  [probably  drugstore,  or  "pharmacy"]  ; 
is  a  [political]  action  man  and  very  dangerous;  was  intensely  active  in 
the  fight  against  Batista  in  the  city  of  Havana,  although  he  did  not 
have  to  go  to  prison. 


ALFRaX)  MiUlTIH3Z  CAIDagM.— Active  Communist;  at  present  Political  Com- 
missioner of  Oriente  Province,  from  vdiich 
post  he  carried  on  intensive  activities  in  the  interest  of  the  political 
and  commercial  union  of  Cuba  and  the  Soviet  Union. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       591 

aiRIQUE  M.  MANZAND. — Captain  in  the  Rebel  Army,  and  a  man  of  definitely 

Communist  ideas;  at  present  stationed  at  Palma 
Soriano  where  he  carries  on  pro-Connnunist  activities  among  the  rural 
people,  under  the  pretext  that  this  is  the  only  form  in  which  the  people 
could  contribute  to  Cuba's  economic  and  political  liberation. 


HAStCUEUi  MACH0SV7KY  (MACHOVSKYQ  —  Captain  in  the  Rebel  Army,  and,  although 

we  were  unable  to  find  out  what  his 
nationality  is,  he  is  believed  to  be  Ukrainian  or  Polish.  He  is  a 
convinced  Communist  ajad  hates  the  Americans;  at  the  present  time  he  is 
discharging  his  functions  as  Army  Captain  in  Jaguey  Grande,  Matanzas 
Province,  keeping  vigilance  in  order  to  prevent  the  people  from  find- 
ing out  what  is  going  on  in  Cienaga  de  Zapata, 


FELICIANO  MADERNl. — A  lawyer,  but  previously,  under  President  Gerardo 

Machado's  administration,  was  an  army  man;  Fidel 
Castro's  Communist  regime  has  now  appointed  him  a  Deputy  Judge  of  the 
bupreme  Tribunal  [Court]  of  Cuba;  is  known  for  his  openly  Communist 
activities. 


592        COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

■hEMAIJDO  ACOarA  CORPjRO .—Major  in  the  Rebel  Army,   and  Chief  of  the 

Cultural  Section  of  the  Regiment  of  the 
CabaEa  Fortress;   has  always  been  distinguished  for  his  Comnninlst 
activitie^  vrtiich  he  is  now  pursuing  among  the  troops, with  the  coopera^ 
tlon  of  the  Communist  leader  and  poet  Nicolas  Guillen,  vdio  gives  fre- 
quent lectures  on  Marxism  at  that  military  fortress,   to  vdiich  the 
fishermen  living  in  the  Casa  Blanca  district  are  given  access  because 
they  are  easy  subjects  for  the  assimilation  of  Communist  ideas. 


GMaiAL  iUiBIiRTO  BATO. — Is  neither  a  general  nor  a  colonel;  was  a  sin5)le 

major  diaring  the  .:^nish  Civil  War  and  fled 
from  Spain  to  take  refuge  in  Mexico;  he  trained  the  members  of  Fidel 
Castro's  expedition,  from  Quintana  Root  in  Mexico  to  Oriente  Province 
in  Cuba,   [to]   a  place  known  as  Bellx,     Although  he  is  a  Communist  auid 
enony  of  the  North  Americans,  he  cannot  be  trusted  because  for  money 
he  would  betray  even  his  best  friends.     General  Acensio,  of  the  Spanish 
Republican  Army,  made  a  lengthy  report  on  Bayo,  having  harsh  things 
to  say  about  him  because  of  his  procedures,     Bayo  took  advantage  of 
Castro's  victory  to  obtain  economic  benefits  for  himself  and  official 
positions  for  his  son  and  other  manbers  of  his  family. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       593 

ROGajIO  ACEyaX).— Was  recently  appointed  Chief  of  the  Militia  Leader- 
ship ["SuproBe  Command"]   and  instructs  the  manbers 
who  have  secondary  education;   has  deeply  rooted  Gonmunist  ideas 
and  hates  the  North  Americans j  in  his  lectures  he  tells  tiie  militiamen 
that  ONE  MTJST  ^E  PREPARED  TO  KILL  THE  U.S.  NA^/Y  BOYS  WHO  fas  soon  as 
they?]  STEP  ON  CUBAN  SOIL. 


OSCAR  PiNO  SANTOS.-- Militant  of  the  Communist  Party  and  absolutely 

trusted  by  Fidel  Castro  and  Captain  Antonio  NuSez 
Jimenez;     at  present  is  Section  Chief  in  the  Land  Reform  Institute; 
has  been  most  avid  in  the  caaipaign  for  the  confiscation  of  property  of 
North  American  citizens;   a  dangerous  man  and  capable  of  sabotage 
whereby  he  contributes  to  the  success  of  International  Communism, 


LEDNIJES  CALDgllO. — Supposedly  a  relative  of  Bids  Roca,   i.e.,  Manuel 

Calderio,   but  we  have  been  unable  to  confirm  this 
particular;   was  in  the  Sierra  Maestra  acting  as  political  commissioner 
and  inspiring  [indoctrinating]   the  Rebel  soldiers  with  the 
Marxist  doctrine;   was  recently  sent  by  the  goverrunent  on  a  mission  to 
Egypt;   is  a  convinced  Communist, 


594        COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

RJMON  ]!n:OOLAU.--01cl  militant  of  the  Communist  Party,  to  whose  Ebcecutlve 

rOroupl  he  belongs  I  or  belonged] j  after  Castro 
took  over,  was  appointed,  upon  the  recomniendation  of  Carlos  Rafael 
Rodriguez  and  "Che"  Guevara,  to  give  lectures  before  units  of  the  Arny 
so  as  to  train  than  in  Marxist  tactics;  has  been  in  [Soviet]  Russia 
and  several  countries  behind  the  Iron  curtain^  and  there  shovild  be  con- 
siderable background  material  on  him  in  the  files  of  the  FBI. 


LUlb  FAJARDO  ESGALQHA.— Major  in  the  Rebel  Army,  but,  nevertheless, 

continuing  in  his  job  as  Secretary  of  the 
Communist  Youth  of  Cuba,  which  shows  once  again  that  the  Fidel  Castro 
regime  makes  no  bones  about  openly  exposing  its  status  of  Communist 
government. 


ANTOMIQ  MORMO  LAMAS. — Physician;  one  of  the  agitators  of  the  Communist 

fraction  of  the  National  College  of  Medicine,  vho 
has  disgraced  himself  by  accusing  outstanding  and  world-renowned  figures 
in  the  field  of  medicine  in  Cuba  of  con?)licity  with  the  Batista  dictator- 
ship; because  of  his  hot  tender  he  is  considered  a  dangerous  elanent  as 
propagandist  of  Red  ideas,  and  also  capable  of  inplementing  every  kind 
of  sabotage  act. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       595 

I 

OaUNI  ClENFUEGOS. — Comes  from  a  family  of  Spanish  Comraunists;  brother 

of  Camllo  Cienfuegos  who  has  disappear ea;  upon 
his  [brother's]   mysterious  death  he  [Osmani]   was  appointed  Minister 
of  Public  Works,  for  which  office  he  lacks  the  proper  qualifications; 
recently  his  father  and  mother  obtained  Cuban  citizenship  papers  at  an 
affair  presided  over  by  the  Minister  of  State,  Dr.  U&dl  Roa, 


HiOY  GUriHmEZ  MaK) ID. —Major  in  the  Rebel  Army;  active  together  with 

Major  William  Morgan  in  the  Escambray  region; 
Menoyo  comes  from  a  family  of  Spanish  Conmunists  residing  in  the 
Luyano  District;   one  of  his  brothers  died  in  the  ^nish  Civil  War, 
and  another  in  the  fight  against  Batista  during  the  attack  on  the 
Presidential  Palace;   he  and  his  mother  made  their  mark  in  Spain  with 
their  Red  activities,  and  that  is  the  reason  why  they  had  to  leave  the 
country;  Menoyo  makes  no  bones  about  manifesting  his  Conniunist  ideas 
and  his  hatred  of  the  Americans, 


HOHDRIO  MUWOZ. — Communist  militant  and  editor  of  the  newspaper  Hoy. 
official  Party  organ,  from  ;^ich  post  he  carries  on 
propaganda  activities  in  favor  of  [Soviet]  Russia  and  against  North 
America;   at  the  present  time  he  is  chief  editor  of  the-paper. 


596       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

MANUiiL  DIAZ  MARTINEZ.— A  poet;  obtained  a  fellowship  from  the  Office 

of  the  Director  General  of  Cult\irc  for  going  to 
[study  in?]    Spain,  but  was  forced  to  leave  Madrid  when  his  Communist 

activities  were  discovered  and  the  activity  against  the  Franco 

Government  in  liiich  he  had  begun  to  engage. 


CAHLOS  FAXAS  VALHgNO.— Secretary  General  of  the  "Sindicato  de  los 

Muslcos"  [Musicians'   Union] j   is  such  a  rabid 
Comnunlst  that  he  returned  to  the  Cultural  Department  [Cultural  Attache's 
Office]   of  the  U.S.   Qnbassy  the  reading  materials  with  which  that 
Office  supplies  the  press  and  [interested]   readers;   hates  the  North 
Americans  to  death  and  is  a  fervent  Communist, 


OSCAR  F.  KEPO. — Editor  of  the  newspaper  Revolucion.   to  which  he  was 

ttrought  by  Carlos  Kranqul;   has  always  manifested  hlrt- 
Belf  as  a  person  with  extremely  leftist  ideas;   in  his  articles  he 
always  expresses  terrible  hatred  for  the  North  Americans, 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       597 

SAMTIAGO  MARTINEZ  DOHOaO.— A  Commimist,  and,  in  addition,  known  as  a 

dangerous  terrorist;  recently  infiltrated 
into  Spain,  carrying  a  French  passport  [ostensibly?]  as  correspondent 
for  the  Havana  newspaper  La  Calle.  but  fled  to  Paris  when  it  came  out 
that  he  belonged  to  a  group  that  had  initiated  a  terrorist  cemp&ign. 
in  Spain,  particularly  in  Madrid;  is  reported  to  have  been  sent  [there] 
by  Fidel  Castro  in  order  to  get  even  with  Ambassador  Fojendio;  he 
was  acconqjanied  on  the  trip  by  his  cousin  Antonio  Abad  Donoso:  according 
to  the  Spanish  Police,  the  two  of  them  manufactured  250  dynamite  bombs 
in  Madrid,  and  they  are  said  to  have  had  [carried?]  ^500,000  for  the 
terrorist  can^jaign  in  that  country;  one  of  their  accoii5)lices  died  when 
one  of  the  bombs  went  off,  and  Antonio  Abac  \i&a   sentenced  to  death  and 
executed,  while  Martinez  Donoso  escaped  from  Spain  in  a  motor  launch. 


HjIA  ALMgLPA. Cashier  for  the  "Cdria"  firm  on  Calle  Reina  in  Havana; 

active  Communist  making  propaganda  for  [Soviet] 
Russia,  and  leader  of  a  Red  cell  in  that  business  [establishment]. 


598       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

ROBERTO  RMAU  IIANDW. — Secretary  of  the  "Juventud  Deportiva"  [Athletic 

Youth]  of  the  FNTA  (National  Confederation  of 
Sugar  Workers)  in  which  he  has  a  strong  Comunist  center j  runs  over 
to  the  Matanzas  sugar  [worker]  unions  to  instruct  the  leaders  of  the 
organization  to  file  petitions  in  favor  of  the  Connnunist  Government 
of  Fidel  Castro J  is  a  terrible  enemy  of  the  North  Americans, 


DIOSDADO  DEL  POZO.— Was  [a  member  of  the]  "Authentic"  [Party]  ,  but, 

when  Castro  took  over,  stated  that  he  was  a  Comnninist 
and  anti-jlmerican,  to  such  an  extent  that  he  was  always  found  in  the 
same  place  with  Dr.  Juan  Marinello  to  give  talks  in  the  interest  of 
Communism,  and  never  tiring  of  praising  the  [Soviet]  Russian-Cuban 
treaty. 


BAUDILLO  GASTi^J.Am.S.— A  lawyer,  Comniunist,  and  highly  gifted  nan; 

recently  appointed  by  Fidel  as  Chief  of  the 
Tourist  Department,  from  which  post  he  worked  actively  in  favor  of 
the  Communist  I^ty,  fighting  foreign  tourism  [tourist  travel  abroad] 
and  explaining  the  need  for  encouraging  national  tourism  [tourist 
travel  at  home]  to  admire  the  beauties  of  Cuba  and  to  save  the  money 
formerly  spent  in  the  United  States. 


COMAIUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       599 

EIDHi  DOMMH^H  B£WlTBZ.--Is  deputy  aide  of  "Che"  Guevara  and  makes 

no  bones  about  giving  vent  to  his  pro-Communist 
syn^jathies;   had  received  training  in  Marxist  tactics. 


DAVID  SALVADOR. — On  the  occasion  of  his  appointment  as  Secretary 

General  of  the  Cuban  Confederation  of  Workers,   he 
told  newsmen  at  a  press  conference  that  he  had  been  a  Communist  as  a 
young  man,   but  that  he  was  not  now.     However,  according  to  well  inform- 
ed sources,  he  still  is,  and  he  only  associates  with  Communist  leaders 
such  as  L^zaro  PeSa.  and  others.     In  addition,  all  his  activities 
among  the  workers  are  geared  to  that  end.     He  recently  asked  Fidel 
Castro  for  a  vote  of  confidence — [a  choice]    between  him  and  the 
Minister  of  Labor,  Augusto  Martinez  Sanchez — and  Castro  decided  in 
favor  of  Martinez  Sdnchez,   because  of  which  he  resigned  from  the  CTC 
office; and,   although  his  successor  has  not  yet  been  officially  designat- 
ed, Salvador  is  said  to  have  gone  back  to  his  old  office  in  the  Sugar 
[Workers]    Union  in  the  Central  Stewart,     He  also  was  a  candidate  for 
Councilman  [or  Municipal,  or  Provincial,  Legal  Advisor]    in  the  Province 
of  Camaguey  for  the  Communist  Rarty, 


43354  O— 60— 8a 6 


600       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

ARNALDO  EIVBRA.-- Meanber  of  the  Revolutionary  Tribunale  of  La  CabalSa 
where  he  distinguished  himself  for  his  ferocity  and 
bloodthirsty  instincts;  an  old  soldier  of  the  Cabana  Fortress,  and 
when  it  was  discovered  that  he  was  conspiring  against  the  Batista 
government,  he  was  discharged  and  he  escaped  to  the  Sierra  Maestra 
to  join  up  with  Fidel  Castro  who  made  him  a  lieutenant  in  the  Rebel 
Armyj  boasts  of  his  Communist  status. 


ODON  ALVAREZ  DE  LA  CAMPA.—At  present,  worker  [labor]  leader  and  well 

known  terrorist,  having  lost  both  hands  in 
the  explosion  of  a  bomb  which  he  was  manufacturing;  a  man  of  evil 
instincts,  giving  vent  to  his  pro-Communist  feelings  and  his  hatred  of 
the  North  Americans;  reoentlj^  embarked  for  a  trip  to  Caracas,  together 
with  David  Salvador,  then  going  on  to  Paris  for  delivery  there  of  a 
considerable  sum  of  money,  found  to  amoimt  to  over  $100,000  (dollars), 
for  the  families  of  the  crew  members  of  the  steamer  "LA  COUBRE",  lAiich 
[provision]  was  not  made,  however,  for  the  families  of  the  Cubans  vtxo 
had  been  victimized  in  that  explosion;  from  Paris,  Alvdrez  de  la  Canpa 
traveled  on  to  Moscow  to  undergo  surgery  on  his  hands. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       601 
JOSE  MARIA  DE  LA  AGUIL IRA.— Secretary  General  of  the  "Federaclon 

Bancaria"   [Federation  of  Baxvlc  Qi^jloyees] , 
who  is  primarily  to  be  blamed  for  freezing  the  bank  accounts  and 
looting  the  safety  deposit  boxes  in  the  banks;  has  very  definitely 
CofflDiunist  ideas;   has  always  expressed  himself  against  the  North 
Americans;   considered  as  the  man  responsible  for  the  ruin  of  the  banks 
in  Cuba,  for  that  reason  greatly  affecting  the  American  bajiks  establish- 
ed there. 


ELBCTO  PfljROSA. — Syuqjathizer  with  the  Communist  Party  and  engagea  in 

an  anti-American  can^aign;   at  present  holding  the 
office  of  Property  [or  Land]  Recorder  for  which  he  was  appointed  by 
his  old  friend  Alfredo  Yabur,   today  Minister  of  Justice,   to  furnish 
facts  ana  figures  concerning  properties  for  purposes  of  confiscation 
by  the  Department  of  Property  Restitution  and  the  INRA  [Land  Reform 
Agency] , 


DR.  SINESTO  VSIA.— Director  of  the  newspaper  La  Calle.  and  friend  of 

Luis  Orlando  Rodriguez;   with  supposedly  orthodox 
ideas,   but,  after  his  appointment  to  La  Calle.  declared  himself  to  be 
a  rabid  Communist,  waging  a  terrible  can?>aign  against  the  United  States. 


602       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

GRfljQRlO  ORTgiA. — Newspaperman,  Corannmist,  and  presently  holding  the 

post  of  .issistant  Llrector  of  the  newspaper  La  Calle; 
expresses  himself  against  the  North  Americans, 


KOGHjIO  LUIS  BRAVSr. — Chief  of  Information  of  the  newspaper  La  Calle. 

with  well  defined  Communist  ideas;    is  the  person 
who  has  on  band  [and  gives  out  ]    all  information  [news  and  reports] 
against  the  North  Americans  and  in  praise  of  the  Communist  regime  of 
Castro, 


GUILLIiliMO   aAHTlESTIiEAN. — Newspaperman;   for  two  days  acted  as  Conptroller 

in  the  case  of  the  newspaper  T.1  Mundo  when 
Floel  Castro  ordered  the  expropriation  of  all  of  Mr,  Amadeo  Barletta's 
holdings;    is  Communist  and  anti-American;   at  present  is  Administrator 
of  the  newspaper  La  Calle. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       603 

LEVI  MARREEO. — Newspaperman  working  on  El  CrlBol  and  El  Pals;     had 

always  distinguished  himself  for  his  extreme  Leftist 
Ideas,   but  until  now  had  not  manifested  himself  as  Communist,  for  fear 
of  pressure  by  the  Batista  Qovernment.     Fidel  Castro  appointed  him 
Ambassador  [at- large]  ,  to  travel  throughout  [Latin?]  America,  together 
with  Carlos  Lechuga.     and  to  invite  all  countries  to  the  "Conference 
of  Underdeveloped  Nations"  which  he  has  planned  to  hold  in  Havana  this 
year,  to  afford  him  a  starting-point  for  a  continued  [sustained]   attack 
against  North  American  iii5)grialian;   has  just  been  appointed  Director 
of  the  newspaper  ELJJundo,  which  is  government-controlled j    is  well 
read  and  considered  a  man  of  many  talents. 


PaJRO  MIRET.— Ma.ior  in  the  Rebel  Arny,  and  at  present,  Minister  of 

Agriculture;   was  in  the  ^erra  Maestra  with  Fidel 
Castro,  and  has  always  manifested  his  Ccanmunist  and  anti-American  ideas. 


604       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

SBGUNDO  CAZAUS. — Has  Ctomraunist  ideas;  is  Chief  Editor  of  the  news- 
paper La  Calle.  of  which  Mr,  Manuel  BraSa,  of 
the  Autentica  Party,  has  recently  been  appointed  director,  Cazalis 
was  recently  sent  to  Venezuela  to  report  on  the  revolution  against 
Romulo  Betancourt;  is  said  to  have  Venezuelan  nationality. 


ROLANDO  DIAZ  ASIARAJLN.--Lt.  Commander j  was  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Navy 

under  the  Batista  Administration  and  was 
discharged  because  of  conspiracy  ["plotting  against  the  Government"], 
but  Fidel  Castro  has  now  made  him  a  Captain  [de  Corbetal  j  was  first 
nominated  Minister  of  Restitution  of  Property,  replacing  Dr.  Faustino 
Perez,  and,  when  that  Ministry  was  abolished,  was  appointed  Minister 
•of  Finance,  replacing  Rufo  Lopez  Fresquetj  the  Restitution  of  Property 
has  now  become  a  department  [function]  of  the  Ministry  of  Finance;  he 
and  mar^r  [  other]  persons  were  enraged  when  they,  though  having  no 
connection  with  the  Batista  dictatorship,  were  stripped  of  their 
properties;  is  a  Communist  and  intimate  friend  of  "Che"  Guevara 
who  had  recommended  htm  for  the  post. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       605 

SANTIAGO  mAYDE, — Is  a  Comnninlst;  Assistant  Director  of  the  "Rebel 

Radio"  Statlonj   the  editorials  [commentaries] 
broadcast  over  that  station  every  day  bitterly  attack  the  U.S.  Govern- 
ment « 


RME  RODRIGUEZ  CRUZ.— -Itoior  in  the  Rebel  i\riiiy;   Chief  of  the  Military 

Area  of  the  Isle  of  Pines,  replacing  Geraxdo 
Noguera  Martinez  who  had  been  in  command  previously;  has  Coiraunist 
ideas  and  disseminates  them  among  urban  and  rural  workers. 


ROSA,  RAVHjO. — A  lawyer  and  leading  member  [member  of  the  leadership] 

of  UNRA  (Unl6n  Nacional  de  Abogados  Revolucionarios) 
[National  Union  of  Revolutionary  Jurists]  ,  an  organization  of  pro- 
Communist  lawyers  who  have  never  made  any  bones  about  expressing 
those  ideas,  pronouncing  themselves  in  that  sense  on  the  Boards  of 
the  College  of  Jurists  [Bar  Association]   of  Havana;   Is  considered  a 
woman  of  action;   dangerous  as  regards  sabotage  activities;  was 
s^jpointed  try  F5.del  Castro  "Abogado  de  Oficio  de  la  Audiencia  de  la 
Habana"   (Official  Attorney  [Public  Defender  or  Prosecutor]   on  the 
Court  of  Havana) , 


606       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

aflilQUE  QLTUaCY. — Present  Minister  of  Communications;   has  definitely 

Comniuiiist  ideas,  as  do  his  wife  and  other  members 
of  his  family;   he,  as  well  as  his  w5.fe,   had  pursued  studies  in  Prague 
[University  of  Po] ,   together  \d.th  Raul  Castro,   hence  his  intimate 
contact  wi.th  the  [present]   regime;    they  have  a  seven-year-old  son 
who  is  a  member  of  the  youth  militias. 


DR.  RSillK)  BOTl. — ^Minister  of  tlrie  Economy  of  the  [Castro]   regime 

by  which  he  is  held  in  great  esteem;   has  always 
been  considered  a  militant  Communist  and  enemy  of  the  North  Americans, 
in  spite  of  the  fact  that  he  had  accompanied  Fidel  Castro^ as  his 
personal  advisor,   on  his  trip  to  the  United  States  in  1959 j  is  said 
to  be  one  of  the  [sponsors  of  the]    government's  economic  policy, 
and  at  first  was  said  to  have  been  the  most  highly  placed  representative 
of  the  Communist  Party  in  President  Urrut5.a's  Cab5.net, 

ALIYISX)  RAMCAJTO. — Comraunist  leader  of  the  gastronomic  [restaurant] 
workers,   of  which  organization  he  irfas  appointed 
Secretary  Generalj  as  a  favor  to  him,  and  to  benefit  the  workers  in  that 
sector,  he  succeeded  in  having  the  Government  authorize  [legalize] 
gambling  in  the  big  casinos  and  first-class  hotels,   in  order  to  pre- 
vent their  being  closed  because  of  the  absence  of  toiirists. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       607 

PRANCISCO  J:^EWALV£R.— Conmmnlst;   President  of  the  Party  Youth  [Communist 

Youth]    in  Havana,  and  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Fourth  Congress  of  the  Gonraunist  Youth  under  the  slogan:      "Father- 
land or  Deathj   against  Foreign  Aggression] ", 


CEaAR  ESCALANTE.— Active  Connnunist,  as  are  his  brother  Anibal  and 

his  entire  familyj   Secretary  General  of  the  Municipal 
Conmittee  of  the  Communist  Party  in  Havana,  and  Party  [political] 
action  raan- 


MAKTA  HIAYDE.— Prides  herself  on  the  title  "doctor"   [Ph.D.];  affiliated 

vrf.th  the  Comnninist  Party  and  president  of  the  "Movement 
for  the  Peoples'  Peace  and  Sovereignty";   collaborates  on  the  news- 
paper Hoy,   in  writing  for  which  she  gives  vent  to  her  hatred  of  the 
USA  and  praise  of  [Soviet]  Russia, 


608       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

SERGIO  AGUlRRE. — Active  Comnunist;  works  as  editor  on  the  newspaper 

Hoy,   official  organ  of  the  [Conmunlst]  Partyj 
is  considered  reliable  for  secret  missions. 


JUSTINA  ALVAREZ. — Newspaperwoman j  an  editor  of  the  newspaper  Hoy;  active 

Communietj   in  charge  of  the  "De  la  Mujer"  section 
[Women's  Pa^e] ,  and,  in  addition,  gives  interviews  in  which  she  has 
been  displaying  glimpses  of  her  hostility  toward  the  Americans  and  of 
her  [pro] Red  sentiments. 


CARLOS  FHINANDEZ  R. — Newspaperman:   editor  of  the  "Slndicales"  section 

[Labor  Union  Page]   of  the  newspaper  Hoy;   old 
Peorty  militant,  and.   In  consequence,  an  enemy  of  the  North  Americans; 
has  told  other  Comnunist  friends  of  his  that  the  orders  of  the  Soviet 
Union  to  be  complied  with  In  all  countries  of  the  world,   especially 
in  Latin  America,  aret     "A  sustained  campaign  of  abuse  and  attack 
against  the  government  and  press  of  the  United  States,  as  a  basis 
for  [the  ass\nnption  of]  control  by  Russia  over  the  countries  of 
Hispano-America" . 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       609 

R03EKT0  GUTIHIREZ. — A  Connnunist  working  on  the  newspaper  Hoy;   is 

considered  reliable  for  certain  missions. 


RAUL  VALDES  VIVD. — Assistant  Director  of  the  newspaper  Hoy,  and 

extraorainarily  active  Comraunist,   since  he  has 
always  distinguished  himself  in  the  dissemination  of  Red  ideas. 


CiRLOS  GARCIA  SANTOS. — Communist  and  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors 

of  Hoy. 


JACINTO  DEL  PSSO.— Militant  Communist  for  many  years,  and  '..-cridng 

on  the  newspaper  Hoy,  in  the  editorial  department 
as  well  as  in  the  printing  shops;  is  considered  a  man  of  many  talents. 


ARMANDO  LHJN  ACQ  ST  A.— Is  known  for  his  Consminist  ideas;  now  Chief 

of  the  Militias  of  "Rebel  Radio"  where  Vilma 
Espln  herself  warmly  praises  his  loyalty  to  the  cause. 


610       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

DR.  JOSE  M.  FIRUZ  LAMY^ — Lawyer;  member  of  the  Conraunlst  Party;  is 

reported  to  be  advisor  to  the  leaders  of 
the  organization  on  luportant  matters  on  which  he  is  consulted;  is 
president  of  the  Communist  Jurists'  [association]  UNRA  ("Union 
Nacional  de  Abogados  Revolucionarios")  [National  Union  of  Revolutionary 
Jurists] ;  has  declared  that  he  is  a  Communist  at  the  meetings  of  the 
College  of  Jurists  [Bar  Association]  of  Havana;  an  orator,  frequently 
speaking  at  Party  affairs;  an  Intelligent  and  dangerous  man, 

FELIPE  GUgiRA  MATOS. — Major  in  the  Rebel  Army  and  at  present  Director 

of  Athletics;  has  always  sustained  Conmmnlst 
ideas;  joined  up  with  Fidel  Castro  in  the  Sierra  Maestra,  together 
with  his  two  brothers  who  died  in  the  fight  against  the  Batista  goverur- 
ment;  now  organizing  the  youth  sports  clubs,  but  for  the  purpose  of 
training  the  youngsters  in  Marxist  practices;  makes  frequent  trips 
abroad,  on  a  diplomatic  passport  since  he  cannot  get  visas  because 
he  is  very  [too]  well  known  as  a  Communist, 

gjQJA  GIL. -—Member  of  the  "Casa  de  la  Cultura"  [House  of  Culture]  and 

active  Communist;  recently  made  a  trip  to  Mexico  to  im- 
plement a  mission  with  which  she  had  been  entrusted;  is  a  trusted  Party 
member  and  ali,Bys  expresses  herself  against  the  North  Americans, 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       611 
RAUL  CEPERO  BONILLA. -Minister  of  Conmerce;   known  for  years  to  have 

sustained  Coinraunist  icieas;    incurred  the  hatred 
of  the  merchants  emd  laboratory  ovmers  because  of  the  drastic  discounts 
he  placed  on  comestibles  and  medicines,  cuttine  the  price  of 
many  of  than  to  below  cost  and  thus  causing  the  merchants  to  lose  money; 
spokeanan  for  the  government  on  the  country' s  sugar  policy;   has  just 
returned  from  a  trip  to  London  to  sirrange  for  an  increase  in  the 
[Cuban  sugar]    quota  on  the  world  market,   going  from  there  to  Japan  to 
put  the  finishing  touches  on  a  trade  agreanent;  because  of  publication 
in  the  Diario  de  la  Marina  of  an  article  critical  of  the  erroneous 
sugar  policy  of  the  government  Mr,  Cepero  wrote  a  scathing  reply  brano- 
5jig  the  paper  as  a  liar,   which  has  resulted  in  a  strong  feeling  that 
the  newspaper  may  be  5.n  for  trouble  any  time  after  May  1;   was  economic 
editor  of  the  newspaper  Frensa  Libre. 


JUAN  VALDES  ORAVALOSA.— A  lawyer,    serving  on  the  [legal  staff  of  the] 

Land  Reform  Institute;   a  convinced  Communist; 
recently  made  a  trip  to  Mexico  establishing  contact  with  the  Communists 
in  that  Republic, 

T 

The  paper  was  closed  by  the  Castro  administration  about  June  1,  I960. 


612       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

ARMANDO  liAIlT  DAVALOS.— A  lawyer,  and  now  says  he  is  not  a  Communistj 

participated  in  the  meeting  w^.th  the  [Soviet] 
Russian  Vice  Premier^  Mikoyan^ to  make  a  trade  agreement  between  Cuba 
and  the  Soviet  Union;    i.ntimate  friend  of  Fidel  Castro,  v*io  appointea 
him  Minister  of  Education;   has  clmnged  the  educational  programs  and 
interfered  in  private  education;  engaged  in  drafting  textbooks  convey- 
ing Communist  messages  directed  against  North  America,  as  in  the  case  of 
the  Cuban  geography  [textbook]  of  Capt,  Antonio  Nunez  Jimenez;  is  married 
to  Haydee  Santamaria,  who  also  sustains  Communist  ideas,  although  they 
originated  in  the  "26th  of  July  Movement",;  she  is  "Coordinator  of  the 
Ministry  of  EJducation",  but  actually  in  charge  of  that  State  agency, 
because  of  her  husband's  overly  weak  character  [lack  of  drive]  j  Mrs. 
Santamaria  [sic~"Mrs.  Hart"]  has  been  accused  of  having  appropriated 
the  last  collection  for  and  [proceeds  from  the]   sale  of  bonds,  which 
had  taken  place,  on  behalf  of  Fidel  Castro's  revolution,  which  sum  is 
said  to  amount  to  $300,000  and  which  has  not  been  accounted  for. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       613 

^OSE  ANTONIO  RAEASSA.— Lieutenant  of  the  kcmy;  at  the  time  of  Batista 

vBs  taken  into  custody  for  having  killed  a 
soldier  in  the  Jtianelo  District}  is  a  wholehearted  Communist  and  makes 
frequent  trips  to  Mexico  and  Central  Mexico  [sicj  ,    always  via  Ittanri.  in 
order  to  carry  out  secret  missions  that  are  entrusted  to  himj  is  a  dangeroiis 
man  and  must  be  watched  because  he  is  believed  to  have  contacts  in  the 
United  States. 


VICTOR  CARIOaO.— A  Coraraunist,   trained  in  Moscow;   is  reported  to  belong 

to  the  MVD,  but  is  active  in  Cuba,   entertaining  contacts 
w1.th  the  present  heads  of  the  Police  Corps  and  the  nrmy,   especially 
with  Raul  Castro, 


BglNABE  ORLAZ.— A  physician,  director  of  the  Mazorra  Hospital;   sustains 

Communist  ideas;  was  in  the  Sierra  Maestra  with  pM.del 
Castro  and  is  a  trusted  member  of  the  farty. 


Possibly  Central  America. 


614       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

OR  EST  US  VARELA. — Captain  in  the  Rebel  Arrt^;   commentator  for  "Radio 

Mabl",  although  the  articles  [scripts]  are  allegedly 
not  written  by  him  but  by  Carlos  Rafael  Rodriguez  and  some  of  the 
editors  of  the  newspaper  Revolucion;  uses  the  most  abusive  and  coarse 
language  possible  in  his  references  to  the  North  Americans;  although 
denying  his  affiliation, he  has  actually  been  a  Communist  for  years 
and  has  always  carried  on  propaganda  activities  on  behaK  of 
Red  ideas;  is  disliked  for  the  language  he  uses  oven 
to  those  same  newspapermen  [\^o  are  said  to  write  his  scripts] , 


PELBCaaiH  TORRAS. — Old  militant  of  the  Communist  ifirty  and  considered 
a  skillful  indoctrinator  of  the  new  crop  of  Party 
members;  writes  articles  in  Ho^;  on  various  subjects,  and  is  thought 
of  as  an  intelligent  man  and  excellent  propagandist, 

OMAR  FliRNANDEZ. — Captain  in   the  Rebel  Army;  at  the  present  time. 

Administrator  of  Customs  of  [the  Port  of]  Havana, 
inviting  to  that  place  [to  his  office]  notorious  domestic  and  foreign 
Communists  to  present  lectures  to  than  on  Marxist  topics;  t^s  in  the 
Sierra  Maestra  with  Hdel  Castro,  and  has  always  been  conspicuous 
for  his  Communist  ideas. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       615 

JUAN  MIDIHA  VSaA. — Activist  in  the  Comniimist  Party;   carries  on  intensive 

propaganda  activities  against  North  American 
proaucts  to  the  extent  of  calH.ng  attention  to  those  who  cirink  American 
drinks  and  [smoke]    American  cigarettes  in  the  bai-s  and  taverns  [of 
Cuba]  . 

JUAN  NIURY. — University  student;   although  he  has  no  record  of  previous 

Communist  activities,,  declared  himself  as  sustaining 
Communist  ideas  after  Fidel  Castro's  seizure  of  power;   at  the  present 
time  serves  as  "Interventor"   [Comptroller]   of  the  Allied  Omnibus 
Cooperative  whose  nationalization  is  now  being  studied,   ^n  conjunction 
with  several  Communist  leaders  who  are  ar5)loyed  by  that  transit 
coii5)any,  which  has  caused  extraordinary  alarm  among  the  small  stock- 
holders by  whom  the  coii5)any  had  been  foundea, 

MARIO  GIL  GONZilLEZ^ — Captain  in  the  Rebel  Army;    now  appointed  "Inter- 
ventor"  [ Coup tro Her]   of  the  Phosphor  [Process- 
ing]  Plants  which  make  up  the  Phosphor  Trust  established  by  Messrs, 
Casas  and  Lopez  VJLlaboy  under  the  Batista  Administration;    is  well 
known  for  sustaining  Communist  ideas,  and  for  that  reason,   to  be  sure, 
was  given  the  job,   the  intervention  falling  in  with  the  plans  of  Castro 
and   "Che"  Guevara  to  nationalize  all  industries,   businesses,  and  public 

utilities,   thus  elim-inating  private  enterprise  which  is  regarded  by  than 
as  the  basis  of  the  capital'' st  system  and  in  conflict  with  the  Socialist 

or  Commun-ist  order  that  they  want  to  inpose  on  the  people  of  Cuba, 

JORGE  GUBiajT^O. — Announcer  for  Ltation  Cl-IQ;   at  the  same  time  puts  on 

plays  and  acts  as  narrator;   has  a  contract  w5-th  "Casa 
Crusellas";   has  firmly  l-nplanted  Communist  ideas;   after  Castro  seized 
the  power  became  an  even  more  avid  Communist,  making  special  efforts 
to  recite  poems  that  contain  messages  directed  against  Yankee  Inper-'al- 
5 sm  with  socio-political  designs  in  the  Marxist  propaganda  vein, 

43354  O— 60— 8a 7 


616       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

lltiT  OF  COMMUNISTS  WHO  WERE  INSTRIMEMTAL  IN  THE 
ASSASSINATION  OF  CAPTMN  JOSE  CASTAHO  QUEVaX), 
ONE  OF  THE  BEST  iNVESTlQATORS  OF  COMMUNIST 
ACTIVITIES  ON  THE  CONTINENT 

ANGZL  ?X) SALES 
RAUL  FAJARtO   ESCALONA 
FlDJL  iX)MH^]ICH  BMHEZ 
AITTONiO  NUUEZ  JIM5KEZ 
CASTO  [sic]   PRIETO  DOMBtlBCH 
EMiLlO  BailTEZ 
FRANCISCO  PBflALVHl 
MIGUEL  SAMPJSDRO 
miLlO  VALDES  BETANCOURT 
Hits  ESPINO  PiNELLA 
dLDO  PSIEZ  DIAZ 
ffilBSOPA)  ORTEGA 
LIJLS  MARTINEZ  PAULA 
CARLOS  PJIFAEL  EODRlGUES 
ANlBAL  BSCALANTE 
ALldA  ACaiflMONTE  MARREBO 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       617 

COURT   [PAMIL]   BY  VCUCH  HE  WAS  TTJ-H) 

ALVAi^  lUVrPD  ALiDUao,  President;  Members  of  the  Bench:      EDUAETO 
QUINTAI^A:   Pi'osecutor:     JOSE  A.   SUAHSZ  DE  LA  FUfME:   Defender:     Dr. 
Anibal  Pachco  [sic]* 

[MIKBHIS  OF  THE]   COURT  OF  APPEAL 

VICTOR  BORTON  MAGHALO,  President;  Men±)ers  of  the  Bench:  OSCAR 
ALVARADO,  ARl-IANDO  CHOY,  iLADiO  KACHiN,  ORLAI©0  BORRBGO;  PELAYD 
FHlKANDiZ  RUBiO  acting  as  Prosecutor. 


Possibly  Pacheco. 


618       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

CQMMuiaar.  pro-communist.  Airo  antx-amijiixcm  NSJa'APSRMaj 

VICJ5WTE  BAEZ,  Administrator  of  the  newspaper  P.evolucion.  COMMUNIST 
XTHISL  LEDN,  Art  Director,  "  "  " 

GUILLIRMO  CABR2U  INFANTE,  magazine  section  of       "  " 

JOSE  LORENZO,    "EL  JACOBINO",  "  " 

ENRIQUE  DE  LA  OSA,  Cuba  Section,  Bohania  magazljie.  ANTI-AMERXCAN 

ANTONlO  DE  LA  OSA         "  "  "  " 

JORGE  QUl-NTANA,   ex-Dean  of  the  College  of  Journalists,  " 

EUDALDO  GOTlERREZ  PAULA,   ex-Dean       "  "  " 

MARIO  GARdA  DEL  CUETO,  Press  Bureau  of  MTA  y  Educacion.  COMMUNIST 
LlSANDRO  OTHIO,     COMMUNIST 

LUXS  CONTE  AGUERO,  Commentator,    "iladio  Progreso",     ANTI-MHUCAN 
MAxUO  KUCHlLAI^,   newspaper  La  Calle.   AITTi-AMHUCAN  and  CCMMUNiST 
HjUARDO  HHJTOR  iiLONSO,  newspaper  piario  Nacipnal.  PRO-COMMUNIST 
CiiRLQS  CASTAHaUA,  Television  panelist,  PRO-CCWMUNIST 
TOMAS  RBGALADO,  President  of  the  Association  of  [Newspaper]  Reporters, 

PRO-COMMUNlSr 
ROLANDO  Ci\BR3lA,  Bohemia  magazine,     PRD-COMMUNI ST  and  ANTI- AMERICAN 
THE  lANiZ  PUJOL  BtlOTHEES  (3)    Bohemia.  Prensa  Libre,  and 

[Station]    CMQ,  PRO-COl'lMUNlSrS 
REl-NALDO  PIJIALVER  MORRAL,  Chief,  Prensa  Policia  Judicial,*    COMMUNIST 

TONIA  SASTRE,  COMMUNIST  and  ANTl-AMffilCAN 
ERNESriNA  OTERO,  COMMUNIST  and  ANTl-AMERlCAN 


*  Something  like  Police  Gazette. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       619 

FRANCISCO  PBDHOaD,  now  without  [a]    newspaper  [connection];   is 

PRO-CCMMUNIST  and  CONFIDANT. 

ERANblSCA  CAD,     obtained  fellowship  [or  government  subsidy  for  travel 
to  ]   Spain;    is  AtlTl-AMERXCAN. 


620       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

Ca«!lMUNlST  PUBLICATIONS 

At  the  present  time,  as  a  consequence  of  the  increase  ''.n  Conmuniam 
in  Cuba,  numerous  nevfspapers  and  magazines  have  resumed  publication 
under  the  control  of  the  Communist  Party.     In  their  pages  a:i  Intensive 
caj35)aign  against  the  United  States  of  America  is  being  carried  on,   in 
accord  with  the  instructions  received  from  the  Soviet  Union,  for  the 
purpose  of  making  trouble  for  North  America  in  [its  relations  vrf.tQ  the 
other  Lat5.n  American  countries. 

It  is  alleged  by  persons  loyal  to  the  daaocratic  [cause]    that  the 
building  situated  at  [Calles]    0  and  25,   in  Havana's  Vedado,   which  houses 
the  heaaquarters  of  the  Radio  Station  "Rebel  Radio",  has  an  apartment 
on  the  top  floor  to  which  access  is  had  only  by  VILMA  BSPiN  and  by 
an  individual  of  apparently  Russian  or  German  nationality  [and  which  is 
being  used]   for  communication  with  Moscow  and  the  countries  behind  the 
Iron  Curtain  effected  by  short-wave  amateur  radio  operators  ["hams"]   and 
via  a  special  code.  Many  news  items  from  the  Soviet  Union  and  Red  China 
are  received  by  this  means  of  communication  for  dissemination  in  Cuba, 
Among  the  publ5.cations  whose  circulation  has  been  resumed  are  the 
following: 

Newspapers;     Hoy,  official  organ  of  the  Communist  Party; 

"  Revolucion.   official  organ  of  the  "26th  of  July 

Movement"; 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       621 

IJevspapers;     La  Calle.   controlled  by  Communists  and  antl.- Americans; 
"  Si  Miindo.  at  present  directed  by  LEVI  MARRHRO; 

Magazines;       Mella; 

"  INRA,  official  organ  of  the  Land  Reform  [Institute] ; 

"  Funaamentos; 

"  Carta  Semanal; 

"  La  Chispa,  published  by  the  BacairJi  [Company] 

workers; 
"  Nuestros  Tiempos.   directed  by  the  Communist  Party; 

"  Humanismo.   whose  dr-culation  is  prohibited  in  Costa 

Rica, 
Furthermore,  pro-Coraraunist  publications  vra.ging  a  fierce  anti- 
North  American  campaign  are  the  following:     El  Combat e.   directed  by 
Guillermo  Jimenez,   who  made  a  trip  to  [countries]    behind  the  Iron 
Curtain  acconpanieo  by  the  student  leader  Faure  Chaumont  and  the  so- 
called  Capt.    "Tony"  Castell,     In  the  printshops  of  Hoy  and  Arrcw  Press, 
locateo  at  13  Luyano,   Communist  propaganda  pan^jhlets  are  being  printed 
which  are  shipped  to  Central  and  South  America,   for  distribution  by 
Communist  agents  in  the  Lat^ja  American  nations. 


622       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

RADIO   STATIONS 

The  Communist  Party  and  the  government  of  Fidel  Castro  have 
at  their  disposal  the  following  radio  stations  from  which  they  carry 
on  an  intensive  campaign  against  anyone  opposing  International 
Communism  and  Premier  Castro' s  government: 

"Radio  Rebelde",  vrf-th  a  chain  of  11  broadcasting  stations 
on  the  Island; 

"Radio  Mambi"; 

"Union  Radio"; 

"Radio  Aeropuerto  Internacional"; 

"Radio  Voz"; 

"Radio  Salas"; 

"Radio  Cadena  Habana", 

They  also  have  two  TV  channels  in  connection  wi.th  the^x  pro- 
paganda activities. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       623 

iNTlillNATiONAL  001^1 33 TJ-ONii 

After  Fidel  Castxo  seizeu  the  power  in  Cuba,   the  Coraraun^st  Party, 
•'.n  all-lance  with  the  "26th  of  July  Movement" ,   established  from  the 
Sierra  Maestra  numerous  International  connections 
to  aefend  the  Goimiiunlst-type  government  In^iosed  by  terror  on  the 
people  of  Cuba,     Also  put  Into  effect  was  a  [Soviet]   Russ-'.an-Cuban 
pact,  as  a  challenge  to  the  Government 

of  the  United  States  of  America,     IVom  this  treaty  the  Soviet  Union 
emerged  as  tiie  most- favored  country  because,   since  •'t  d''d  not  have 
to  pay  Its  sugar  purchases  with  dollars.   It  [the  Soviet  Un^on]   acquired 
them  [the  sugar]   at  a  much  lower  price,   below  that  established  In  the 
London  Market  and,    even  lower  than  the  price  subsidy  paid  by  the  United 
Sliates  on  that  same  product.     However,   by  way  of  proof  of  further 
attacks  against  North  America,  the  Communist  Government  of  Cuba  stopped 
its  regular  purchases  of  goods  manufactured  In  the  USA  [the-'r  value 
amoimtlng]    to  hundreds  of  millions  of  dollars,  and  exported  [s''cj 
them  [those  goods]    from  [Soviet]  Russia,   fully  aware  of 
their  inferior  quality  and  of  the  lack  of  the  indispensable  spare  parts. 

Erom  then  on,  hundreds  of  Russians,  Chinese,  and  Germans  started 
to  pour  Into  Havana,  as  easily  verified  In  the  streets  of  Havana, 
L''kewlse,   the  so-called     Junta  Revoluclonarla  del  Carl  be"   [Caribbean 


624       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

Revolutionary  Boai'd]^   wWch  liad  been  set  up  purposely 
for  fomenting  agitation  l.n  the  area  of  the  Caribbean  and  in  Central 
and  South  America,  was  strengthened,  as  evidenced  by  the  expeditions 
which,  departing  from  Cuba,  had  invaded  Panama,  the  Dominican  Republic, 
Haiti,  and  Nicaragua,  and  which  are  no  focusing  their  abusive  attacks, 
precisely  as  they  are  doing  in  the  case  of  North  America,  on  Guatemala, 
Honduras,  and  Nicaragua j  and  youth  movements  of  strongly    Communist 
stripe  are  being  promoted  in  Chile,  Argentina,  Brazil,  and  Mexico. 

For  these  ptirposes,   the  Cuban  Communists  have  established  Contact 
Cells  with  Communist  leaders  in  countries  of  Latin  Amer"'ca,  namely: 
Raul  Koa,   Ernesto  Guevara,  Nicolas  Guillen,   Carlos  Rafael  Rodriguez, 
Jose  SLias  Entralgo,  Juan  Marinello,  Carlos  I'Vanqui,  Violeta  Casals, 
and  Tete  Casuso,  vAio  maintain  close  contacts  with  foreigners  advocating 
the  same  ideology,   such  as  Hector  Mujica  and  Ililario  Cardoso,   of 
Venezuela;  Rodolfo  Ghioldi,   of  Argentina;    Salvador  Allende,   of  Chile; 
Lombarao  Toledano,   of  Mexico;  Ldzaro  C^denas,   of  llexico;   Ernesto 

Guerrero,   of  San  oalvador;  Li  Min,   of  Red  China;  Rail  Ocegueda,   of 

/ 

Guatemala;   Vicente  oaenz,   of  Costa  R^ca;   anu  Guillermo  Torriello, 

of  Guatemala, 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       625 

lliJJ^Y  VJILL  CONTINUE  TO  BE  CQMMUHX^TS 

Notwithstanding  the  muit:'.ple  evidence  at  hand  showing  that  Fidel 
Castro  ano  h^  s  collaborators  are  Connmin'' sts  In  thought  and  deed,   they 
have  continued  their  cynical  lies,   ^n  accord  vr'th  Conmunlst  tactics. 
But  the  methods  that  were  put  5nto  practice  by  the  reg^jne  established 
In  Cuba  clearly  demonstrate  the  contrary.   I.e.,   the  new  educational 
methods.   Identical  w^.th  those  of  [Soviet]  Russia;    the  soldier  choral 
groups,  copied  from  Moscow;  the  militia  organizations  of  students 
and  urban  and  rural  workers;    the  agricultural  cooperatives,   which  ijave 
taken  the  place  of  [sicj     the  collective  farms  of 
the  Soviet  Union;    the  abolition  of  private  enterprise,  according  to 
recent  statements  made  by  Ernesto  Guevara  before  the  television  cameras; 
State  control  of  the  purchase  of  all  types  of  goods  in  foreign  countries; 
or,   the  only  buyer  being  the  ^tate,  and  aU  commercial  and  industrial 
activities  and  all  public  utilities  being  submitted  to  State  surveill- 
ance and  press,  radio,  and  television  to  the  control  of  the  government 
of  F^-del  Cccstro, 


Perhaps;  "were  copied  from". 


I 


626       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

MARjaST  iNDOCTRillAT-'-OW  GCHOOLS 

The  first  Marxist  Indocti-ination  School  was  establ''-shea  early 
in  January  1959,  inside  the  "Fortaleza  de  la  Cabana",  precisely  upon 
the  orders  of  "Che"  Guevara.     It  was  called  "Charles  ChapUn"   [School] 
and  its  director  was  the  poet  and  Coinniun''st  leader  Nicolis  Gu"'llen, 

A  few  days  later  another  Ifarxist  School  v/as  established  at  C^'udad 
Libertad   (formerly'-  Ciuoad  Militar)  ,     Th5&  School  operates  ■'n  the  part 
[  of  the  country]    where  the  k^x  Force  ^s  stat-'oned,  and  there  the 
soldiers  are  indoctrinated  by  Russian  technicians  [propaganda  experts] 
serving  in  the  "Aviation  Corps", 

Another  Communist  School  is  located  ■'n  the  Liiyano  distr'ct,  which 
bears  the  name  of  "Marcelo  Salado",  a  well  known  terrorist  put  to 
death  by  the  Bat'^sta  police. 

In  the  Los  pinos  region,   the  "Bids  Roca"  School,  wMch  had  opei'ated 
there  several  years  ago  and  vias  named  in  honor  of  the  Secretary  General 
of  the  Communist  Party  who  haa  recently  embarked  for  Red  Ch^na  and 
carried  instructions  to  go  on  from  there  to  the  Soviet  UnTon,  has  re- 
opened its  Qoors, 

Still  another  Marxist  School  is  ■'n  existence  in  Santiago  de  Cuba, 
and  nianerous  urban  anc  rural  workers  ai-e  ^ndoctr^'nated  in  that  instHu- 
tion. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       627 

rPPJDPAGAMUAl   ACnVIlIE^a  Itl  TII^  MOVICS  AMD  TKZ  THZAIRJ 

The  Communist  regime  of  Cuba  has  been  acting  with  the  greatest 
despatch  with  a  view  to  becoming  consolidated  through  skillful  pro- 
paganda activities  by  means  of  the  movies,   television,  and  the  theatre. 

These  activities  are  controlled  by  Dr.  Alfredo  Guevara,  i^rofessor 
at  the  University  of  Havana,  Director  of  the  Movie  [industry]  ,  and  a 
long-standing  Communist  militant,  as  well  as  a  stubborn  enemy  of  the 
North  Americans, 

Dr.  Alfredo  Guevara  coincides  with  [the  opinion  expressed  by] 
Lr.  Juan  Marinello,  President  [Chairman]    of  the  Communist  Party,   v^io 
recently  stated: ,,,. "all  those   vriao  do  not  fly  tlie  colors  [rally 
around  the  banner]    of  Communism  will  be  qualified  as  counter-revolution- 
ists".    This  has  provoked  vigorous  protests  on  the  part  of  the  Catholic 
organizations  which,  however,   notwithstanding  their  activities,  had 
been  accused  by  the  racio  broadcasting  stations  controlleu  by  Fidel 
Castro's  regime  of  being  counter-revolutionists  ana  enemies  of  the 
government. 

In  his  propaganda  activities  Lr,  Guevara  is  being  assisted  by  the 
well  known  Communist  artist  "paco"  Alfonso  and  [is  receiving]    the 
cooperation  of  a  group  of  artists  of  both  sexes,   qualified  as  Communists, 
some  of  whom  are  figuring  in  this  report. 


628       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

COMMUMIST  AND  PRO-COI'IMUHIST  RADIO  AND  lIXEyialOII  MmomiGi£ltS 

"RiiDIO  REBELDS"  [Rebel  Radio]— Director:     RAUL  QUINTAIIA;   Aoministrator: 
ALEJAHDl'K)  BLANC50;   Annovincers:     Rafael  Martinez  Silva,  Jose  Ibarguren, 
and  Eddy  Martin,   the  latter  being  the  one  vrtio  uses  the  most  abusive 
language  in  referring  to  the  i-!resident  of  the  Unitea  States  ana  other 
officers  of  his  Administration, 

"R.IDIO  VDZ"— Announcers;     ELIO  OLIVA,  JUAIJ  DOMINGUEZ,  KUl^K  GUEVARi'., 
ORLAl^DO  VALLE,   "El  Caribe",  and  MARIO  VIERA  indicated  as  an  intransig- 
ent Communist  who  hates  the  North  Americans  to  death, 

"RADIO  MAMDI"— Director;     SOCRaTES  iixiTEGA:  Editorialists  [commentators]: 
ORLSTES  VARELA  anc  iiRl-lal^OXl  NUTTEZ  IIERI'IAIIDEZ ,  both  Communists.     Announcers: 
ANSEIMO  LLITERAS  [sic]*  and  RENE  PEREZ. 

"UNION  lUDIO"— "Tony"  Fernandez,   Communist  militant,  who  hates  North 
America,  as  manifested  in  every  editorial  read  by  him  over  the  micro- 
phones of  that  radio  station. 


Possibly  "Iliteras", 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       629 

LATIN  j\I-EPJCAI<  CXDM-lUIHa^D  t-ULlIIJG  IN  IlLD  CIgNA 

At  tlie  invitation  of  llao  Ise-tung,  a  group  of  Latin  American  Coamunist 
leaders  came  togetiier  to  make  in^jortant  uecisions  on  what  new  tactics 
shouic  be  pursueu  against  North  iLmerican  Imperialism  and  how  to  seize 
the  governments  of  the  democratic  nations  of  the  »iestern  Hemisphere 
and  place  [press]    them  into  the  wioviet  orbit,  as  had  been  done  in  the 
case  of  the  ilepublic  of  Cuba, 

Those  meeting  there  were:     Luis  Carvaldn,   iiecretary  General  of 
the  Chilean  Communist  Party;  Pon^eyo  Marques,  Pedro  Ortega,  and  Alonso 
Ojeda,   of  the  Venezuelan  Communist  -'arty;   Gilberto  Vieira  and  Joaquin 
Moreno,   of  Colombia;  Itaul  Acosta  and  Jorge  del  Prado,   of  Peru;  Dlias 
Mufioz,  of  i^cuador;  Ilumberto  ilamirez  Cardenas,   of  Bolivia;   Felipe 
Bezrodnik,   of  Argentina;  Wilfredo  Vdzquez,   v;ho  prides  himself  on  repre- 
senting tlie  Cuban  Communists  of  Las  Villas  Province,     Also  present 
were  the  representatives  of  Brazil,  Paraguay,  Costa  P^ica,  Panama,  and 
Guatemala,  although  the  names  of  the  latter  are  not  available. 

Information  has  just  been  received  by  cable  that  Bids  Roca, 
Secretary  General  of  the  Cuban  Communist  Party  visited  lied  China  last 
month  (April  I960)    and  was  granted  an  interview  by  President  Mao 
Tse-tung, 


630       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

liEORGAMIZATIQN  OF  TIE  A^aOGIATIOH   "luiTINOiiMLllg CA  Lllia" 

On  the  premises  of  the   "America  House"  a  group  of  Comraunists 
and  pro-Connmmists  met  last  month  (February)    for  the  piirpose  of  re- 
organizing the  Association  "Latinoamerica  Libre"  [Free  Latin  America] , 

Dr.  l:}auardo  Corona  (OCMMUlttST)    spoke  about  the  record  of  the 
Association  since  the  ciate  on  wliich  it  was  outlawed  until  the  present 
date  of  its  reopening  for  business.     Then  the   [Coinmunist]    leader 
Faure  Chaumont  spoke,   who  stated  the  need  for  denouncing  the  enemies 
of  the  Cuban  revolution,   quite  particularly  Yankee  Imperialism,  which 
is  creating  a  whole  string  of  difficulties  for  the  revolution  and  the 
regime  headed  by  the  leader,  Jiael  Castro,     Chaumont  further  said  that 
there  were  false  democrats,   such  as  Jose  Figueres,   of  Costa  Rica,  and 
others,   vriio  were  serving  the  interests  of  the  U.ii.   State  Department 
and  deploying  servile  and  troublesome  activities, 

Lir,  Carlos  M.  Luis  (Communist)    proposed  the  issuance  of  a  statement 
of  Solidarity  with  Presiaont  Osvaldo  Dorticos'   reply  to  the  ilmerican 
Note,   to  be  signed  by  all  members  of  the  Association  "Free  Latin  America", 

Finally,   the  new  Governing  Board  of  the  Association  was  named 
as  follows:     President,  FAURE  CHAll'IONTj  and  the  other  posts 
on  the  Board  were  assigned  to  the  following  individuals: 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       631 

OSCAR  KRI^ANDEZ  MH   (Conmmnist) 

ODON  ALVAFoSZ  DE  LA  CAMPA  (Connminist) 

JOai  ANGSL  BUSTiMENTE   (Comnunist) 

MARTA  FRAYDE   (Comraunist) 

JOiiii;  M.  VALUES  RODRIGUEZ  ( Pro-Communist) 

EDUARDO  PALACIO  PLANAS  (Communist) 

MAJOR  HUffiERTO  CASTELLO   (Pro-Coramunist) 

MAJOR  ALDEEl'O  WRk  (Pro-Coramunist) 

CARLOS  FAXAS  VAI^RINO   (Communist) 

CARLOS  OLIVARES  (Communist) 

ADRIAN  GARCIA  HERNANDEZ  (Comraunist) 

CaiEGORIO  ORTEGA  (Communist) 

CAPIiOb  M.  LUIS  (Communist) 
MAPJA  SIK)fnES  (Communist) 

RAD'iUNDO  GUERRA  (Pro-Coramunist) 

RENE  LEPESTRE   (Comraunist) 

GELIA  SANCHEZ  AGRAMONTE   (Communist) 

JORffi  ALDEREGUIA  (Comraunist) 

NICOLAS  GUILLEN  (Communist) 

EDITH  GARCIA  BUCHACA  (Coifflmanist) 

RAMON  DACAL  (Conanunist) 


43354  O— 60— 8a 8 


632       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

TiAUL  VilLDUS  VIVO   (Communist) 
MATaMO  aDPJ  MJu^IM  (Pro-CommuniGt) 
iiNEIQillL  COLLilDO   (Communist) 
VIOLlsTA  CAc>iiLij   (Communist)  . 

Following  the  election  of  the  new  Governing  Board  he   stated, 
finally,   that  some  of  the  purposes  of  the  Association  were:      "to 
advocate  direct  and  stable   economic  interclnnge 
among  the  Latin  American  countries,   without  prejudice  to  economic 
relations,   which  must  be  increased  with  all  countries  of  the  world; 
without  heeding  discriminations  or  blocs,   inposed,   on  ideological 
pretexts,   by  the  monopolists  [who  are]    enemies  of  world  peace"; 
"to  promote  continental  and  world  peace  based  on  respect  of  the  principles 
of  national  sovereignty,   equality,   non-aggression,  and  non-intervention"; 
and  "to  carry  on  any  activities  contributing  to  the  affirmation  or 
vindication  of  the  full  national  sovereignty  of  the  countries  of  Latin 
America,   so  tliat  these   [nations]    will  attain  their  con^Dlete  political 
as  well  as  economic  independence  from  the  imperialist  forces  that  are 
subjugating  and  exploiting  them";   and   "to  promote  [mutual]   rapproche- 
ment,  cooroination,  understanding,   and  union  among  them". 

The  above  purposes  transcribed  by  us  in  quotes  are  set  out  in 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       633 

Art.  Ill  of  the  Rules  and  Regulations  of  the  reorganized  Association 
"FiliJE  LAHN  AMlilLCA". 

The  preceding  statements  show  [prove]    that  Cuba  has  a  totalitarian, 
definitely  Comraunist-oriented  regime,   unoer  the  unipersonal  rule  of 
Fidel  Castro,   which  gives  vent  to  its  hatred  of  the  North  Americans, 
as  evidenced  on  the  occasion  of  the  May  Day  Parade,  commemorating 
"Labor  Lay" ,   on  the  Plaza  Civica  on  the  First  of  Hay, 

This  is  to  state  also  that  the  extensive  list  of  Communists  points 
out  those  who  are  holding  key  ana  responsible  posts  in  the  de  facto 
government,   whose  case  histories  are  in  the  possession  of  the  FBI 
and  the   Central  Intelligence  Agency;   and  to  mention,   lastly,   that 
everything  tliat  has  been  set  forth  is  the  absolute  truth  and  the  outcome 
of  a  patient  investigation  [v^ich  was]    carried  on  Lby  me]   during 
my  stay  in  this  city. 


Miami,  May  2,   196U,  , 

(signature  typed) 

Aui'elio  Silva 
Ex-First  Lieutenant  of  the  Investigation 
[Detective]   Bureau  of  the  (defunct) 
National  Police  of  Cuba 


634       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  Have  you  any  information  respecting  the  distribu- 
tion of  Communist  propaganda  in  Cuba? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Well,  in  Cuba  there  has  entered  and  is  coming  a  great 
quantity  of  Communist  propaganda. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Do  you  have  any  knowledge  about  propaganda  paid 
for  by  the  Communist  Party  in  the  United  States  for  distribution 
in  Cuba? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  I  have  no  proof,  but  I  suppose  that  the  American  Com- 
munist Party  helps  quite  a  lot  the  Communist  Party  in  Cuba. 

Mr.  SouR^vINE.  We  don't  want  supposition. 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Well,  I  already  said  that  I  have  no  proof. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Do  you  remember  telling  us  about  Camilo  Cienfue- 
gos  having  been  expelled  from  the  United  States  for  Communist 
activity  ? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Truly,  Camilo  Cienfuegos  has  been  arrested  twice  in  this 
country,  if  I  am  not  mistaken,  and  the  last  time  he  w^as  detained  in 
the  Central  Park  here  for  distributing  Communist  propaganda. 

Senator  Dodd.  -You  mean  Central  Park  in  New  York  City? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Yes,  sir,  of  New  York. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Did  you  have  information  respecting  contacts  be- 
tween Carlos  Rafael  Rodriguez  and  Nimez  Jimenez  on  the  one  hand 
and  American  Communists  on  the  other  hand? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Well,  when  I  appeared  before  the  executive  session  to 
testify,  I  warned  you  that  at  that  time  there  appeared  Nuiiez  Jimenez 
giving  Marxist  conferences  in  St.   Nicholas  Arena  of  New   York. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Is  that  all  ? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  That  is  what  you  asked  me — that  is  what  I  will  answer. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Have  you  told  us  all  you  know  about  contacts  be- 
tAveen  American  Communists  and  Carlos  Rafael  Rodriguez  and 
Nunez  Jimenez? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Well,  of  those  contacts  that  they  may  have  here,  I  don't 
know  them. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  I  am  talking  about  contacts  in  Cuba — when  Amer- 
ican Communists  come  down  there,  do  you  have  any  knowledge  of 
tlieir  having  contacted  tliese  individuals? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Well,  I  don't  have  them.  I  am  not  in  Cuba.  I  cannot 
know  tliem. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  All  right.  We  don't  want  you  to  testify  to  any- 
thing you  don't  know. 

Do  you  know  Raul  Sanjurho? 

Mr.  SiLVA.  He  is  not  a  Cuban. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  You  know  him  or  you  don't. 

Mr.  SiLVA.  Like  there  are  so  many  names  in  my  head,  I  have  an 
idea,  but  I  can't  place  him. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  All  right. 

I  have  no  more  questions  of  this  witness. 

Senator  Dodd.  We  want  to  thank  you  for  appearing  here  and  giving 
us  tliis  infonnation. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Arsenio  Gonzales  y  Gonzales. 

Senator  Dodd.  Raise  your  right  liand,  please. 

Do  you  solemnly  swear  tliat  the  testimony  you  give  before  this  com- 
mittee will  be  the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth, 
so  help  you  God  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  I  swear. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       635 

TESTIMONY  OF  DR.  ARSENIO  GONZAlES  Y  GONZALES 
(THROUGH  AN  INTERPRETER) 

Senator  Dodd.  Give  iis  your  name  and  address,  and  take  a  seat. 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Arsenio  Gonzales  y  Gonzales,  1402  Northwest  Ninth 
Avenue,  Miami. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Were  yon  Snbsecretary  of  Labor,  Snbsecretary  of 
State,  Snbsecretary  of  Finance,  and  Subsecretai-y  of  Education  in 
Cuba? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  At  various  times? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  During  different  periods  during  the  government  of 
Batista. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Were  you  Minister  of  Transportation  under 
Batista  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  SouEwiNE.  Were  you  Minister  of  Labor  under  Batista  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  You  are  a  lawyer? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Sol'Rwine.  You  have  practiced  in  Havana  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  You  were  attorney  for  the  Transportation  L^ion  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Were  you  attorney  for  the  Omnibus  Workers 
Union  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Soi'RwiNE.  You  were  not  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  You  were  attorney  for  the  Confereration  of  Cuban 
Workers  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir,  for  the  confederation. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Were  you  a  supporter  of  Batista  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Did  you  support  the  revolution  which  overthrew 
Batista  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Would  you  support  the  return  of  Batista  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  No,  sir. 

Senator  Dodd.  Why  not  ?  You  were  in  his  cabinet,  you  were  a  sup- 
porter.   What  do  you  say  is  wrong  with  him  now  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  In  the  first  place,  because  the  consequences  that  the 
Cuban  people  are  now  suffering  are  due  to  mistakes  that  we  have  made 
in  carrying  out  our  own  government,  on  one  part.  And  I  don't  think 
that  we  should  support  a  person  who  directed  a  government  which 
committed  so  many  mistakes  that  they  are  fundamentally  against  the 
country,  with  the  consequences  that  we  now  contemplate. 

Senator  Dodd.  When  did  you  discover  the  mistakes  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  When  did  I  discover  these  mistakes?  That  is  the 
question,  isn't  it? 

Senator  Dodd.  I  would  like  the  answer. 

Mr.  Gonzales.  These  mistakes,  many  of  them,  they  were  made  in 
the  proper  process  of  carrying  out  our  own  government,  the  develop- 


636       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

ment  of  our  own  government.  But  in  the  measure  that  later  on  there 
were  published  development  of  facts  that,  due  to  my  personal  re- 
lations— and  I  make  reference  to  myself  only — in  the  internal  order, 
administrative  order  of  the  government,  where  I  was  acting  as  an 
administrator,  not  in  an  executive  capacity,  unless  when  I  acted  as 
minister  I  tried  to  apply  the  law  in  all  its  aspects  as  it  pertained  to 
the  administrative  function.  In  other  governmental  aspects,  they 
escape  my  functions,  and  at  the  same  time  to  my  possible  determina- 
tion to  the  presentation  that  could  apply  a  personal  opinion. 

Now,  I  continued  in  the  government  until  December  31,  1958,  be- 
cause I  understood — because  the  government  should  represent  or 
would  represent  the  contributive  thinking,  the  thought  of  order,  that 
went  into  or  should  have  gone  into  the  party  to  which  I  belonged, 
that  was  the  party  of  unitary  action,  of  which  the  fundamental  motto 
was  peace,  order,  and  work,  within  a  democratic  regime  under  the 
constitution  of  1940. 

Much  later 

Senator  Dodd.  To  cut  this  off  short,  I  asked  a  very  simple  question : 
When  did  you  discover  that  the  practices  and  policies  of  the  Batista 
government  were  mistakes — was  it  before  you  fled  the  country,  or 
since  then?     When? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Concretely  I  will  answer — I  have  explained  all  this, 
thinking  that  you  wanted  an  explanation.  Much  of  this  I  have 
known  after  Batista  fell. 

Senator  Dodd,  You  didn't  know  it  before  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  Do  you  remember  testifying  in  executive  session 
that  existing  conditions  in  Cuba  constituted  a  threat  to  the  internal 
security  of  the  United  States  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Explain  that,  please. 

Mr.  Gonzales.  I  understand  that  the  present  situation  in  Cuba 
constitutes  a  danger  to  the  stability  of  the  democracy,  and  this  dan- 
ger is  directly  directed  against  democracy  because  of  the  following 
reasons : 

The  fundamental  sentiment  that  has  been  developing  in  Cuba  has 
been  an  anti-American  feeling — or  anti-imperialist,  in  another  phrase, 
or  expression. 

This  sentiment  I  know  because  I  participated  as  a  director  of  the 
labor  unions,  and  know  there,  because  through  my  own  experience, 
the  activity  of  the  Communist  Party  aspires  to  create  this  anti- 
American  feeling  within  the  working  and  popular  classes. 

I  testified  in  the  executive  hearing  that  during  my  recent  visit  to 
Uruguay,  in  various  conversations  which  I  had  with  laborers,  workers 
of  different  sectors,  and  at  the  proper  University  of  Uruguay,  I 
found  that  Communist  propaganda  against  the  Amercian  Govern- 
ment was  so  intense  that  some  people  manifested  a  sentiment  which 
was  more  pro-Eussian  than  pro- American. 

This  had  been  commented  on  by  some  of  the  Uruguayans,  and  I 
understood  that  that  country  could  be  moved  into  a  movement  against 
democracies,  shrouding  it  in  a  sentiment  pro-Russian  and  anti-Ameri- 
can. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       637 

I  also  pointed  out  the  case  of  Argentina,  where  the  Communist 
Party  is  using  the  party  of  Peron,  like  a  labor  organization,  in  favor 
of  the  Communist  doctrine  in  that  country. 

In  other  countries — I  think  I  pointed  out  that  this  sentiment  exists, 
but  that  this  sentiment  is  not  a  spontaneous  sentiment.  It  exists  be- 
cause it  rests  on  a  Communist  order  that  develops  through  all  the 
parties  in  the  Central  American  and  South  American  countries,  and 
the  countries  of  the  Caribbean,  undermining  the  solidarity  and  Ameri- 
can friendship — like  the  first  step,  the  first  requirement  down  that 
road  to  again  rupture  what  could  be  the  support  of  the  democracy 
in  America,  in  favor  of  the  Russian  doctrine,  the  Communist  doctrine, 
creating  conditions  in  favor  of  the  Socialist  theories  and  against  the 
democracy. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  Let  me  ask  you  about  a  statement  by  the  AFL-CIO 
in  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Gonzales.  American  Federation  of  Labor  ? 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Yes.  This  organization's  executive  council  has  de- 
clared that  the  disruptive  tactics  of  Fidel  Castro's  government  in  Cuba 
have  all  the  earmarks  of  a  well-planned  strategy  desigiied  to  make 
Cuba  an  advanced  outpost  of  the  Soviet  Union's  drive  to  infiltrate  the 
new  world.     Do  you  agree  with  this  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  I  agree  completely  with  that. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  This  AFL  statement  also  contained  this : 

The  latest  manifestations  of  the  Castro  regime  have  revealed  unmistakable 
signs  of  a  definite  trend  toward  a  totalitarian  state.  This  is  based  upon  the  tech- 
nique of  regimentation  and  militarization  of  the  masses  to  a  degree  comparable  to 
the  practices  prevailing  under  Fascist  or  Communist  regimes. 

Do  you  agree  with  this  ? 
Mr.  Gonzales.  Correct. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  As  a  former  Secretary  of  Labor  of  Cuba  do  you 
agreee  with  this  further  statement  of  our  AFL? 

The  Cuban  Confederation  of  Labor  has  become  a  mere  appendage  of  the  Gov- 
ernment under  complete  control  of  pro-Oommunist  elements  imposed  from  above. 
The  right  of  collective  bargaining  has  been  abolished ;  as  in  countries  behind  the 
Iron  Curtain,  workers  cannot  change  jobs  without  government  approval. 

Do  you  agree  with  this  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  With  the  publication — what  the  publication  sajs'iJ 
Yes,  sir.     Correct. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Do  you  know  Seymour  Rafael  Blanco  Alvarez  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Rafael  Blanco  Alvarez  ? 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Seymour  Rafael  Blanco  Alvarez. 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Blanco  Alvarez?     Yes.     He  is  a  Communist. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  Is  he  a  labor  leader  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  In  Cuba? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Sourwine,  Do  you  know  Rafael  Avila  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Do  you  know  he  was  a  Communist? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  He  is  a  Cuban  labor  leader  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir.  At  the  present  time,  he  is  a  delegate  to 
the  discipline  section  of  the  truckers  union. 


638       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  Do  you  remember  telling  us  Communists  were  using 
secondary  forces  in  directing  the  workers'  movement  in  Cuba? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Would  you  explain  this  please,  briefly  ? 

Mr.  Gonzales.  Yes,  sir.  The  party,  Communist  Socialist,  in  Cuba, 
which  has  been  established  during  the  years  and  during  the  histoi7  of 
labor  in  Cuba — every  time  that  the  workers'  progress  has  lifted  a  step, 
they  have  used  new  forms  in  the  labor  movement.  Thus,  sometimes 
it  is  quite  difficult  to  establish  the  identity  as  to  the  specific  person 
of  his  participation  in  the  Communists.  It  is  my  opinion,  at  the  pres- 
ent time — and  during  all  the  revolutionary  period  of  Cuba,  particu- 
larly during  the  last  periods — the  party  used  as  a  movement  to  divide, 
to  use  collaterally  the  party,  but  with  the  political  direction  of  the 
party,  the  orthodox  Cuban  movement. 

This  identity  can  be  easily  established  if  you  take  now  the  public 
announcements,  doctrinals  which  appear  daily  in  the  press,  of  the  men 
in  the  Government — and  taking  these  men  in  his  political  analysis,  you 
may  find  his  origin  in  the  use  or  in  the  movement  of  the  Orthodox 
Party.  Fundamentally,  the  party,  the  fraction  of  the  Orthodox  Party 
that  took  the  road  antirevolutionary  Avhich  left  open  this  party  when 
it  abandoned  the  country  to  the  Communist  activities — those  masses 
coming  up  from  the  Orthodox  Party,  or  affiliates  through  which  the 
Communist  party,  in  my  opinion,  realized  a  divisional  movement 
through  which  the  movement  of  bringing  up  the  orthodox  movement, 
that  took  the  name  of  26th  of  July  has  been  the  base  and  the  funda- 
mentals upon  which  the  party  has  worked,  bringing  out  of  tliere  the 
new  form  or  the  new  leaders  of  the  new  workers  movement — permitting 
to  bring  forth  the  most  known  Communists  and  putting  in  the  first 
forms  Communists  which  are  not  well  known  in  the  development  of 
this  new  division  of  the  26th  of  July  which  is  nothing  more  but  a  new 
variation  of  the  Communist  Party. 

Mr.  SouRwiXE.  Thank  you  veiy  much,  sir. 

I  have  no  further  questions  of  this  witness. 

Senator  Dodd.  That  is  all.     Thank  you. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  have  here  a  copy  of  an  address 
given  on  May  1  by  Allen  W.  Didles,  Director  of  Central  Intelligence, 
before  the  St.  George  Association  of  the  New  York  Police  Depart- 
ment. It  is  entitled  "Public  Order  and  the  Preservation  of  Our 
Freedoms." 

I  offer  it  for  inclusion  in  the  record  of  these  hearings. 

Senator  Dodd.  It  will  be  received  and  published  in  the  record  of 
this  hearing. 

(The  transcript  of  the  above-described  address  was  marked  "Ex- 
hibit No.  13,"  and  reads  as  follows :) 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       639 


EXHIBIT  NO.    13 

ADDRESS  BY  THE  HON.  ALLEN  W,  DULLES 
DIRECTOR  OF  CENTRAL  INTELLIGENCE   ON 
"PUBLIC  ORDER  AND  THE  PRESERVATION  OF  OUR  FREEDOMS" 


I  am  deeply  grateful  for  the  award  you  have  tendered  me.     As  an 
old  resident  of  this  great  and  inspiring  city,   there  is  no  group  of  men 
from  whom  I  should  have  more  preferred  to  receive  such  an  honor. 

In  accepting  this  award  I  wish  to  pay  my  tribute  to  you  from  the 
police  force  of  New  York  for  your  contribution  in  maintaining  order 
within  the  framework  of  protecting  our  freedoms. 

I  fear  that  injustice  is  often  done  you  by  the  misuse  of  the  word 
"police".     We  too  loosely  talk  of  police  states,    of  police  methods, 
and  the  like.     Here  in  this  country  we  well  know  that  the  police  are 
the  protectors  of  our  freedoms  and  of  our  liberties.     When  order  and 
discipline  are  not  maintained,    it  is  we  the  people  who  cannot  exercise 
our  natural  rights  and  carry  on  our  appointed  tasks. 

You,    in  turn,   help  to  enforce  the  laws  adopted  by  the  representa- 
tives of  the  people  to  protect  the  people  from  the  invasion  of  their 
rights.     This  is  fundamental  to  our  form  of  go/ernment. 


G40       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

If  this  country  of  ours  does  not  set  an  exanriple  to  the  world  of 
maintaining  order  under  law,   what  can  we  expect  from  other 
countries  less  well  situated  than  we  --  countries  new  to  the  task 
of  making  democracy  work. 

We  meet  here  today  on  May  Ist,   a  day  which  has  had  particular 
significance  in  history.     The  idea  for  such  a  day  of  peaceful 
demonstration  was  initiated  by  Ainerican  labor  unions  some 
seventy  years  ago.     The  purpose  was  to  win  an  eight -hour  day. 
Unfortunately,    over  the  years.    May  Day  has  been  nnore  and  nnore 
taken  over  by  the  Communists,   and  now  we  have  our  own  separate 
Labor  Day  in  September. 

Before  this  day  is  over  we  nnay  hear  from  various  parts  of 
the  world  some  strange  and  dangerous  doctrines  preached  --  even 
from  countries  near  to  us.     It  is  typically  one  of  the  techniques  of 
the  Communists  to  take  over  ideas  which  originated  for  the  purpose 
of  peaceful  demonstration  to  protect  the  peoples'  rights,   and  make 
them  over  into  instruments  for  destroying  those  rights. 

The  problem  of  maintaining  order  in  the  world,    so  necessary 
for  the  protection  of  the  rights  of  the  individual,   has  become 
vastly  complicated  over  the  last  few  decades  by  the  emergence  of 
Soviet  Russia  and  Connmunist  China  as  world  powers  dominating 
nearly  a  billion  people.     And  at  the  same  time  we  see  emerging 
scores  of  new  states  untried  in  the  ways  of  democracy. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       641 
The  Sino-So/iet  Bloc  is  dedicated  to  changing  the  face  of  the 
world  and  to  replacing  the  democratic  system  of  Uw  by  the 
dictator  system  of  the  proletariat.     In  the  course  of  advancing  this 
program,    they  have  promoted  -dolence  and  class  struggle  as  one 
of  their  chosen  instruments. 

Here  in  the  United  States  we  are  more  fortunate  than  most 
of  the  peoples  of  the  world.     Due  to  our  tradition,   the  inherent 
strength  of  our  institutions  and  the  vigilance  and  temperance  of 
our  law  enforcement,    Communist  penetration  and  Communist 
agitation  has  been  rigorously  restrained. 

Unfortunately,    in  many  other  countries  of  the  world  today 
this  is  not  the  case. 

It  is  the  strategy  of  the  Soviets  and  the  Chinese  Communists 
to  concentrate  first  on  the  weak  and  then  to  encircle  us,    the  strong, 
by  penetrations  in  Asia,   Africa,    Latin  America.     Even  in  some 
countries  in  Europe,    the  Communist  parties  have  considerable 
open  strength,   and  a  well-organized  underground  apparatus. 

If  you  have  thought  of  me  for  your  award,    it  may  be  because 
as  head  of  the  CIA,    I  have  the  duty  to  bring  together  all  of  the 
information  on  the  Communist  plot  on  a  world-wjde  basis,    to  expose 
It,   and  to  furnish  others  with  the  means  of  exposing  it,   and  to  collect 
the  evidence  on  which  the  policymakers  in  Government  may  frame  an 
effective  policy  to  combat  international  communism. 


642       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

As  you  know  so  well  in  order  to  deal  with  crime  and  the 
artisan  of  disorder,   whether  locally  or  in  the  international  field, 
we  must  have  intelligence  on  their  plans  and  objective;  on  their 
leadership  and  their  techniques;  and  so  it  is  also  with  the 
Communist  plot. 

The  general  Communist  progrann  has  been  well  advertised 
to  us  all;  their  tactics  are  often  disguised. 

It  is  the  Communist  view  that  history  rolls  inevitably  toward 
the  final  victory  of  Communism. 

Khrushchev  told  us  all  about  this  during  his  recent  visit 
to  this  country.  In  his  address  last  September  at  the  National 
Press  Club,    he  explained  the  "We  will  bury   you"  theme. 

He  said  that  by  this  he  did  not  mean  any  physical  burial  of 
anyone  at  any  time.     It  was  merely  a  question  of  inevitable  changes 
in  the  social  system  over  the  course  of  the  historical  progress 
of  society. 

In  another  address  Khrushchev  argued  that  the  social  system 
changes  as  society  develops.     First  he  said  there  was  the  feudal 
system.     It  was  superseded  by  capitalism.     Capitalism  was  nnore 
progressive  than  feudalism.     But  capitalism,    he  claimed,    engendered 
irreconcilable  contradictions  and  as  it  outlived  itself,    it  like  every 
earlier  system  would  give  birth  to  its  successors.     Capitalisnn,    he 
said,   as  Marx,    Engels,   and  Lenin  have  proved,   will  be  succeeded 
by  Comnnunism. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       643 
Khrushchev  would  have  us  believe  that  this  evolution  to 
Communism  will  be  a  peaceful,   painless  process.     One  might 
footnote  this  view  by  suggesting  that  this  had  hardly  been  true  in 
Poland,    in  Hungary,   in  the  Baltic  states  or  in  China. 

Although  professing  that  history  will  take  care  of  us, 
Moscow  and  international  communism  have  a  definite  program 
for  helping  along  this  so-called  historical  evolution. 

I  shall  briefly  outline  what  I  believe  this  program  to  be. 
And  since  today  is  Sunday,   it  is  well  to  start  out  with  the  Soviet 
attack  on  religion  as  one  of  the  cardinal  points  of  their  program. 

Karl  Marx  taught  that  religion  is  the  opiate  of  the  people. 
As  late  as  1954  the  Central  Committee  of  the  Communist  Party 
labeled  the  church  as   "the  prop  and  tool  of  the  ruling  classes 
which  they  use  as  a  means  to  enslave  the  workers.  "    They  propose 
to  instill  atheism  as  a  substitute  for  religion. 

Here  we  can  quote  history  back  to  them.     No  great  civilization 
has  ever  prospered  and  endured  without  a  deep  religious  background. 

The  Soviet's  atheistic  program  of  attack  on  the  Free  World 
has  three  major  elements;  first,    the  military,    second  the  economic, 
and  third  the  subversive.     I  shall  say  a  word  about  each  of  them. 

The  military  threat  is  widely  advertised  and  is  easier  for  the 
people  of  the  world  to  understand  than  their  more  subtle  techniques. 
This  threat  is  based   on  Soviet  missiles  and  bombers,   nuclear 
weapons  and  a  large  conventional  force,    ground  and  air,    supplemented 
by  the  largest  submarine  fleet  in  being  the  world  has  ever  known. 


644       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

For  their  own  political  purposes  they  rattle  the  missile;  this 
took  place  notably  during  the  Suez  crisis  about  four  years  ago. 
Some  foreign  visitors  to  the  Kremlin  these  days  have  also  received 
Khrushchev's  estimate  of  how  nnany  missiles  and  nuclear  bombs 
were  being  reserved  for  them,    or  would  be  required  for  the 
destruction  of  their  respective  countries.     He  hasn't  yet  told  us 
how  many  are  reserved  for  the  United  States. 

I  believe,   however,    that  Khrushchev  is  still  confident  that 
he  can  win  the  world  without  actually  employing  military  force. 
He  doesn't  want  to  acquire  a  world  in  ruins  if  he  can  take  it  intact. 
However,   he  keeps  up  his  nnilitary  forces  as  an  ever -ready  threat 
particularly  for  those  countries  which  live  under  the  shadow  of 
Soviet  Russia  and  Comnnunist  China. 

Then  there  is  the  Communist  economic  threat.     This  has 
two  main  elements   --  their  own  domestic  industrial  growth,   and 
their  foreign  econonnic  penetration. 

Khrushchev  recognizes  that  the  United  States  is  the  most 
highly  developed  economic  power  in  the  world  today.     However,   he 
claims  that  with  the  Soviets'  higher  annual  rate  of  growth,    they  will 
catch  up  with  us  in  the  next  ten  to  fifteen  years. 

Such  boasts  are  an  exaggeration  but  this  does  not  prevent  his 
peddling  them  on  a  world-wide  basis.     Nor  do  these  boasts  fail  to 
impress  the  underdeveloped  and  non- industrial  nations  who  see  the 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       645 
great  strides  which  the  Soviet  has  made  over  a  few  decades.     From  a 
second  rate  industrial  power  they  h^ve  now  come  to  be  second  only 
to  the  United  States. 

While  Soviet  industrial  production  today  is  less  than  one -half 
of  ours,    it  is  true  that  their  present  annual  rate  of  growth  is  about 
twice  our  own.     If  one  takes  the  free  world's  industrial 
production  and  contrasts  it  with  that  of  the  communist  world, 
including  that  of  Communist  China,    the  gap  in  favor  of  the  Free 
World  is  still  greater. 

In  the  decade  or  so  which  Khrushchev  allows  for  equaling 
our  industrial  production,    the  Soviet,   on  the  basis  of  present 
relative  rates  of  industrial  growth,   will  narrow  the  gap,   and  in 
1970  Soviet  industrial  production  could  be  about  60  per  cent  of 
our  own. 

This  is  impressive,    --  and  while  not  up  to  Khrushchev's 
boasts,    it  certainly  gives  us  no  call  to  relax. 

As  for  agriculture,    the  picture  is  very  different.     With  six 
times  the  number  of  farm  workers    that  we  have  in  the  United 
States,    the  Soviet  Union  is  producing  about  tv/enty-five  per  cent  less 
in  farm  products  than  are  we  ,     The  facts  are  that  their  agriculture 
is  inefficient.     Here  they  have  little  or  nothing  to  boast  of.     There 
is  too  much  of  Karl  Marx  and  collectivism  and  too  little  free 
enterprise  incentive  and  ambition  on  the  Soviet  farms. 


646       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

However,   what  should  give  us  pause  about  their  economy  is 
that  they  are  putting  into  national  power  goals,    into  miliary 
hardware,   heavy  industry,   and  related  fields,    a  far  greater 
percentage  of  their  total  production  than  are  we. 

We  are  spending  a  great  deal  these  days  for  the  production  of 
certain  types  of  consumer  goods  which  add  little  to  the  sinews  of 
our  national  strength.     And  in  making  comparisons  with  the  Soviet 
Union,   we  must  realize  that  it  is  the  use  to  which  we  put  our  great 
economic  resources  rather  than  their  absolute  size  that  determines 
the  nneasure  of  national  power. 

I  am  no  econonnist,   but  I  feel  that  it  is  our  primary  duty  these 
days  to  produce  that  which  will  keep  our  country  strong  and  free. 
Strong  not  only  in  the  sense  of  military  might  but  in  education, 
science  and  technology;   -  free  not  only  in  the  sense  of  freedom  from 
want  but  free  to  develop  the  best  that  is  in  us;  with  the  tools  to 
enjoy  our  leisure  but  not  necessarily  every  innaginable  gadget, 

I  admit  this  is  easier  to  say  than  it  is  to  accomplish  in  a 
free  society. 

In  his  regimented  state,    Khrushchev  takes  his  military  hardware 
out  of  the  hide  of  his  people.     He  limits  the  volume  of  consumer  goods, 
of  housing  and  the  like.     As  a  consequence,    Khrushchev  today  faces 
a  domestic  problenn  of  no  nnean  proportions  in  meeting^  the  growing 
demand  for  more  progress  in  raising  the  standard  of  living. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       647 

*  *  * 

The  other  phase  of  the  Soviet  economic  threat  is  targeted 
abroad. 

It  is  carried  out  on  a  highly  selective  basis  but  it  is  very 
efficiently  publicized. 

The  areas  of  Soviet  economic  penetration  are  chiefly  the 
Middle  East,    including  Egypt,   Syria,   Iraq,   Afghanistan,    --  South 
and  Southeast  Asia,    including  India,   Burma,   and  Indonesia. 
Recently,    the  Soviet  Union  is  turning  its  attention  to  central 
Africa  and  to  the  hemisphere  to  the  south  of  us,  with  Cuba  now 
receiving  Soviet  credits  and  oil  products  from  Communist  countries. 

It  is  well  to  remember  that  the  less  developed  coxintries 
look  upon  the  Soviet  Union  as  a  nation  which  in  a  few  decades  has 
developed  from  a  backward  country  into  the  world's  second  industrial 
power.     These  less  developed  countries  aspire  to  do  the  same. 
Although  they  do  not  expe  ;t  to  reach  anything  like  the  high  economic 
and  industrial  levels  of  the  United  States,   they  are  attracted  by 
Moscow's  clainns  that  rapid  industrial  progress  can  be  achieved  if 
they  just  conform  to  Communist  methods  and  discipline.     We  know 
the  fallacy  of  that  argument  but  many  of  the  lesser  developed  countries 
do  not. 


43354  O — 60 — 8a 9 


648       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

The  third  major  element  of  the  drive  of  communism  to  fulfill 
its  boast  of  inheriting  the  earth  lies  in  the  field  of  political  action, 
propaganda  and  the  subversive  effort  to  undermine  free  governnnents 
everywhere. 

They  start  of  course  with  the  weakest  and  most  vulnerable 
targets  but  they  lose  no  opportunity  to  work  even  against  the  strong 
and  the  sophisticated. 

Their  weapons  include  the  control  of  their  far-flung  Communist 
Party  organization,   underground  and  above  ground,    on  almost  a 
world-wide  basis.     Then  they  have  their  front  organizations  in  the 
fields  of  labor,    of  veterans,    students,    youth,   women,   and  the  various 
professions. 

Their  so-called  world  peace  and  "ban  the  bomb"  movements 
appeal  to  the  aspirations  of  peoples  in  various  parts  of  the  world. 

The  over -all  strategy  of  International  Communism  is  generally 
worked  out  in  Moscow  or,    in  sonne  cases,    in  Peiping,   at  secret 
conferences  of  Connmunist  delegates  from  various  areas  of  the  world. 

Take  Latin  America,   for  example.     At  the  2lst  Communist 
Party  Congress  held  in  Moscow  a  little  over  a  year  ago,    guidance 
was  given  to  the  Communist  leaders  in  secret  regional  sessions. 
The  Latin  American  Communists  were  directed  to  develop  the  theme 
of  nationalism  and  to  onnit  any  reference  to  relations  with  Moscow. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       649 
They  were  told  to  use  every  effort  to  eliminate  pro -American 
elements,   and  to  develop  their  local  revolutions  with  the  United 
States  as  the  main  target  and  whipping  boy.     I  need  hardly  point 
out  that  these  directives  are  being  implemented.     The  theme  in 
Latin  America  is  liberation  from  what  international  communism 
describes  as  the  donaination  of  the  "Colossus  of  the  North". 

This  is  just  a  short  blueprint  of  the  strategy  of  International 
Communism. 

It  is  a  formidable  threat  to  our  free  institutions  and  those 
of  the  free  world. 

But  Communism  is  not  the  wave  of  the  future.     It  is 
reactionary,    repressive,    atheistic  and  intolerant. 

As  such  it  will  not  satisfy  the  strivings  of  man.     While  it 
may  produce  nnaterial  strength,    it  does  not  create  moral  values. 

There  is  some  evidence  today  that  those  who  are  living  under 
communist  domination  are  becoming  restive  as  education  and 
knowledge  of  the  outside  world  beconne  nnore  general  behind  the 
Iron  Curtain. 

The  example  set  by  this  country  as  the  leader  of  the  Free 
World  will  play  a  major  role  in  the  shaping  of  the  future  and  in 
our  success  in  meeting  the  Communist  threat. 


650       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

In  the  opening  paragraph  of  the  Federalist  papers  in  which 
nnen  who  had  a  great  part  in  the  framing  of  our  Constitution  and 
our  system  of  government  expressed  their  views,   there  is  this 
statement,    "It  seems  to  have  been  reserved  to  the  people  of  this 
country  by  their  conduct  and  example,    the  important  question, 
to  decide  whether  societies  of  mien  are  capable  or  not  of 
establishing  good  government   .    .    .    .  ". 

It  has  been  an  inspiration  to  me  to  meet  with  you  today,    to 
receive  this  award  and  to  know  that  throughout  this  land  there  are 
great  bodies  of  men  who  like  you  are  dedicated  to  the  upholding 
of  law  and  the  nnaintenance  of  order  within  the  frannework  of  the 
preservation  of  our  freedoms. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       651 

( The  following  translation  of  the  pastoral  letter  of  the  Archbishop 
of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  the  Msgr.  Enrique  Perez  Serantes,  which  was 
published  in  Cuba  on  May  18,  I960,  was  later  received  ordered  into 
the  record  of  this  hearing  as  Exhibit  No.  14  ). 


PEREZ  SERANTES  CONDEMNS  COMMUNISM  IH  A  PASTORAL  LETTER 

SAYS  THAT  NO  CUBAN  SHOULD  SUPPORT  IT 
PRAISES  THE  REVOLUriON'S  INTEREST  IN  THE  NEEDY  CIASSES 

Monsignor  Enrique  PEREZ  SERANTES,  Archbishop  of  Santiago  de  Cuba, 
has  sent  us  a  copy  of  the  following  pastoral  letter,  with  the  request 
that  we  publish  It: 

The  Archbishopric  of  Santiago  de  Cuba  Pastoral  Duty.  Faithful  to 
our  sacred  pastoral  duty  of  caring  for  the  welfare,  sustenance,  and  pro- 
tection of  the  flock  entrusted  to  us  by  the  Supreme  Head  of  Christianity, 
Christ's  Vicar,  we  feel  obliged  today  to  address  our  beloved  diocesans 
to  remind  them,  or  to  Inform  them,  If  necessary,  of  the  line  of  conduct 
they  should  follow  in  the  present  circvunstances,  which  are  somewhat  con- 
fusing and   bound  to  provoke  serious  concern  in  many  of  our  charges,  who 
surely  will  expect  guidance  from  us. 

In  doing  this,  we  are  confident  of  performing  a  service  to  the 
Church  and  the  country,  our  two  great  loves  and  objects  of  our  constant 
vigilance  and  concern. 

The  enemy  is  within.  We  begin  by  saying  that  the  lines  are  now 
drawn  between  the  Chmrch  and  its  enemies.  It  is  no  longer  mere  rumors 
or  hazarded  statements,  more  or  less  slanted  or  contrived.  We  can  no 
longer  say  that  the  enemy  is  at  the  gate,  for  he  is  actually  already 
inside,  speaking  loudly,  as  soneone  who  is  on  his  own  territory. 


43354  O  -  60  -  8A  -  10 


652       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

It  i8  not  in  vain  that  some,  better  advised  and  more  clear-sighted^ 
became  alarmed  and  wary  some  time  ago,  and  prepared  themselves  for  the 
struggle  against  those  who  arbitrarily  try  to  impose  the  heavy  yoke  of  the 
new  slavery,  for  the  true  Christian  cannot  live  without  freedom  either.  It 
must  not  be  forgotten  that  always  and  everywhere,  from  Rome  to  Budapest,  it 
has  always  seemed  better  to  us  to  lose  all,  even  to  shed  blood,  than  to  renounce 
the  liberty  which  is  the  attribute  of  the  children  of  God. 

Communism  is  alert.  We  know,  fiirthermore,  that  Communism  is  the  great 
eneny  of  Christianity  today;  Commvmism  always  vigilant,  always  alert,  always 
ready  to  fall  upon  its  prey,  overriding  everything  to  go  directly  for  its 
objective;  Communism,  which,  whether  erect  or  crouching,  is  easy  to  find 
everywhere;  and  it  is  present  everywhere,  notwithstanding  that,  even  among  us, 
there  are  some  who  are  needless,  innocent,  or  extremely  expedient  enough  to 
keep  on  denying  it,  or  even  to  take  it  ill  that  everyone  does  not  think  as  they. 

Church  doctrine.  Church  doctrine,  which  is  binding  upon  all  Catholics, 
is  clear  and  final  on  this  point;  and,  even  though  many  pontifical  docxoments 
have  been  devoted  to  it,  it  can  be  stated  in  a  few  words:   "Communism,  says 
Pope  Pius  XI  in  the  Encicllca  Divini  Redemptoris,  is  intrinsically  wicked." 
We  shall  therefore  cite  only  some  of  the  reasons  for  this  plain,  terse  state- 
ment given  in  the  same  document. 

Dialectical  materialism.  The  first  £ind  principal  reason  is  that 
Communism  is  based  on  the  dialectical  materialism  of  Marx,  albeit  obscured  by 
occasionally  deceptive  appearances.  The  doctrine  of  materialism  teaches  that 
there  is  only  one  reality:  matter  and  its  blind  forces;  therefore,  everything 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN   653 
in  the  world  is  matter  in  the  process  of  evolution,  and  society  itself  is  no 
more  than  a  manifestation  and  aspect  of  matter. 

Communism  is  atheistic.  The  second,  which  follows  logically  from 
the  first,  if  matter  is  everything,  is  that  there  is  no  room  for  God;  there 
is  no  difference  between  matter  and  mind,  nor  between  body  and  soul;  no  survival 
of  the  soul  after  death,  and,  consequently,  no  hope  of  life  after  death. 
This  premise  explains  why  Communism  proclaims  itself  atheistic. 

It  follows  from  the  above  that  Communism,  like  materialism,  is  the 
negation  of  all  human  values,  which  in  this  system  lack  the  spiritual  founda- 
tion which  elevates  man  and  places  him  above  the  purely  organic. 

Under  Communism,  man,  reduced  to  a  completely  material  being,  is 
without  liberty  and  moral  restraint  against  the  assault  of  the  lowest  pas- 
sions, which  are  not  pacified  by  any  purely  hviman  consideration. 

We  believe  that  the  above  will  suffice  to  justify  the  condemnation 
of  Communism  as  intrinsically  wicked.  We  need  not  point  oat  that  it  denies 
the  existence  and  indissolubility  of  matrimonial  bonds,  the  right  to  own 
property,  and  so  many  other  tenets,  and  even  tries  to  break  down  the  entire 
social  system  to  its  very  foundations,  under  the  pretext  of  creating  a  new 
humanism  without  God  and  his  holy  law,  submerged  in  a  sea  of  hatreds  and 
animosities. 

What  must  be  the  attitude  of  Catholics?  Our  attitude  must  te  loyalty 
to  the  Pope.  We  mast  therefore  always  follow  his  instructions  faithfully: 

Have  nothing,  absolutely  nothing  to  do  with  Communism.  In  view  of 
the  repeated  condemnations  received  from  the  supieme  authority  of  Catholicism, 
we  deem  it  a  vital  necessity  to  urge,  and  even  threaten,  our  diocesans,  who 


654       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

include  all  Cubans,  not  to  cooperate  in  any  way,  or  have  contact,  with 
Communism;  moreover,  they  must  keep  as  far  away  from  this  implacable  and      | 
powerful  enemy  of  Christianity  as  they  can,  and  not  let  themselves  be  impre8se< 
by  the  more  or  less  disguised  or  alluring,  but  always  fallacious  and  cunning, 
statements  and  promises,  nor  by  the  cleverness  which  Communism  displays  in 
extending  its  hand,  as  it  does  so  charmingly  to  Catholics,  since  this  is 
actually  only  a  well~ contrived  strategy  for  catching  the  unwary  more  easily, 

V'e  wish  to  reaffirm  ovir  distinction  between  Commiinism  and  Communists. 
For  the  latter,  individually,  we  must  not  fail  to  do  anything  we  can  for 
them,  in  pursuance  of  the  divine  commandment  of  charity. 

Everyone  must  keep  two  things  well  in  mind:  first,  that  we  must 
make  no  concessions  of  principle;  second,  that  the  enemies  of  the  Church, 
particularly  Communism,  know  what  they  are  after,  and  pursue  their  objec- 
tives tirelessly  and  unwaveringly. 

The  social  doctrine  of  the  Church.  It  would  be  well  if  the  Catholics 
would  at  least  make  efforts  to  acquaint  themselves  with  the  social  doctrine  of 
the  Church,  which  offers  a  satisfactory  solution  to  all  problems  in  the  eco- 
nomic and  social  fields.  They  would  find  out  the  reasons  why  sincere  and 
naturally  honest  Commxinists,  when  they  came  to  know  about  this  doctrine, 
have  to  say:  "this  is  the  real  solution  to  the  social  problem." 

The  material  aspect.  Although  we  are  not  concerned  with  this  today,  at 
least  directly,  we  may  nevertheless  be  permitted  to  say  that  the  Church  has 
always  called  for  a  more  just  distribution  of  material  goods.  No  one  has 
spoken  up  more  loudly  for  the  needy  than  the  Church,  to  which,  alas,  the 
possessors  of  wealth  and  the  usurpers  of  public  property  should  have  paid 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN   655 
greater  heed.  We  have  said  many  times,  and  we  repeat  today,  that,  in  order 
that  humans  should  not  be  in  worse  conditions  than  animals  (as  they  actually 
are  in  many  parts  of  the  world),  one  must  imderstand  what  resources  each 
family  has  to  meet  the  necessities  of  life.  There  should  be  no  human  beings 
who  face  a  new  day  without  a  mouthful  of  bread  for  them  or  their  children 
without  knowing  to  whom  to  turn  to  remedy  a  state  of  misery  which  brings  many 
to  the  verge  of  desperation.  This  la   downright  inhuman  and  cruel,  and  a  shame- 
ful spectacle  such  as  this,  as  well  as  the  repugnant  slums  in  which  many  fami- 
lies still  live,  frequently  not  far  from  sumptuous  palaces,  should  make  us 
all  blush. 

In  this,  and  in  other  matters,  the  Revolutionary  Government  merits 
praise  for  its  solicit'jde  for  such  needy  and  neglentad  classes;  and  we  con- 
gratulate it  for  that. 

And  let  no  one  think  that  because  God  has  been  excluded,  his  daily 
bread  will  arrive  with  the  morning  sun,  nor  that  it  will  be  easier  to  get 
it;  on  the  contrary,  he  may  find  himself  without  either  God  or  bread. 

Revival  of  Christian  life.  We  love  God:  We  need  to.  Worst  of 
all  is  that  Communism  and  materialism  have  a  distinct  interest  in  having 
us  all  sail  the  sea  of  life  blindfolded,  without  compass  and  without  a 
pilot,  which  is  the  same  as  condemning  us  to  a  life  without  hope,  without 
faith,  and  without  love,  distrustful  of  everything  and  everyone. 

Materialism  and  Communism  are  ejecting  God  everywhere;  but  it  is  a 
fact  that  we  Catholics,  at  least,  cannot  reconcile  ourselves  to  a  life  without 
God  or  his  sacred  law,  without  which  any  law  designed  by  man  lacks  solid  founda- 
tion: to  legislate  without  God  is  to  build  on  sand. 

We  love  God  completely.  We  love  God  completely,  everywhere,  at 
every  moment.  We  love  God  in  the  home,  presiding  over  the  domestic  social 


656   COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 
group.  We  love  God  in  the  school.  In  the  courts  of  Justice,  in  the  legislature, 
In  business,  in  industry,  in  the  field,  in  the  hospital,  and  in  prison. 
Poor  prisoners,  and  poor  sick  people  without  God  I 

We  love  God  completely,  because  it  is  His  due,  because  He  has  every 
right  to  be  in  everything  and  everyvhere,  and  because  we  all  are  in  constant 
seed  of  Him.  We  love  God,  finally,  because  without  God  there  would  be  chaos. 

Without  God,  there  is  no  peace.  We  love  our  families,  the  Justice 
ind  decency  of  life,  and  our  country  a  great  deal.  Of  all  these  things  so 
iear  to  our  hearts,  God  is  the  mainstay,  as  he  is  the  beginning  and  the  end; 
ind  further,  knowing  that  men,  even  the  greatest  and  best- intent ioned,  are 
Incapable,  by  themselves,  of  warding  off  the  fearful  social  collapse  which 
threatens  the  world,  or  of  pulling  society  out  of  the  hole  in  which  it  has 
rallen  and  become  mired . 

After  all,  who,  other  than  God,  can  possibly  bring  about  the  real  unity 
In  the  thoughts  and  inclinations  of  all  which  is  necesssiry  to  social  well- 
Deing?  Without  the  aid  of  God,  who  can  possible  harmonize  the  so  frequently 
:onflicting  human  interests,  especially  if  the  floodgates  of  natural  desires  are 
broken?  ^■/ho,  if  not  God? 

With  God  excluded  from  the  life  of  society,  where  can  we  find  the 
peace  for  which  individuals  and  nations  so  ardently  hunger?  Where? 

And  yet,  peace,  real  peace  is  at  hand.  To  attain  it,  it  is  necessary 
and  sufficient  to  make  a  half  turn  toward  the  right,  for  then  we  meet  Christ, 
uho  is  "our  peace."  Everything  else  is  a  loss  of  time.  Who  does  not  know 
that? 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       657 

The  best  armament  is  the  Ten  Commandments,  To  win  this  peace,  let  us 
employ  the  power  of  reason,  and  not  the  reason  of  power.  Let  each  man  carry 
within  himself  a  policeman,  strongly  wielding  the  weapon  of  the  Coramaxidments . 
And,  by  the  same  token,  let  no  one  anywhere,  in  the  streets,  taken  to  arms 
invented  by  meii  to  ki.ll  people  and  destroy  property.  How  horrible  I 

Rettirn  to  God.  To  gain  such  noble  ends  requires  mobilizing  all  the 
forces  of  those  who  would  live  with  God;  and,  as  God  directs,  throwing  off 
the  lethargy  which  affects  many,  who  cease  to  concern  themselves  with  what  is 
most  important  and  with  what  goes  on  around  thera,  while  the  enemy  allows 
himself  not  a  moment ' s  rest . 


658       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

It  is  accordingly  absoluteli'  neceesarj  that  all  of  life,  individual, 
social,  and  national,  revolve  around  God,  and  that  everyone  practice  His 
holy  Law,  which  is  equally-  binding  on  all.  There  must  be  a  return  to 
God,  whose  absence  means  death  and  vacuum  which  cannot  be  filled  by 
ani'one  or  an;y'thing. 

Religious  Ignorance 

Practicing  the  Law  of  God  and  living  as  behooves  a  Christian, 
continually  strengthening  our  faith,  requires  sound  and  well-founded 
religious  instruction,  the  lack  of  which  is  a  powerful  ally  of  all 
of  the  enemies  of  the  Church.  For  Communism,  which  is  lying  in 
wait  and  on  the  maych,  the  masses  of  peasants  and  citizens  who  are 
materially  and  spiritually  undernourished  constitute  the  best  field 
for  its  clearly  atheistic  activities . 

Every  home  a  catechism  class 

In  order  to  remedy  the  alarming  shortage  of  priests  and  catechists, 
it  is  essential  that  every  home  be  turned  into  a  domestic  catechism 
class,  where  children  are  taught  from  their  earliest  childhood  every- 
thing which  a  good  Christian  needs  to  know,  as  well  as  the  practice, 
at  the  side  of  their  parents  (this  must  always  be  done,  even  if  there 
is  an  abundance  of  priests)  and  together  with  their  parents  of  the 
fundamental  religious  duties  of  praising,  blessing,  and  giving  thanks 
to  God.  Such  practice  is  never  forgotten  and  is  carried  in  the  heart, 
just  as  the  first  instructor,  the  Blessed  Mother  herself,  ie  carried 
in  the  heart  and  loved. 


I 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       659 

However,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  there  are  few  homes  in  which 
the  leaders  of  the  family  are  sufficiently  qualified  to  fulfill  this 
beisic  duty,  in  the  name  of  God  we  issue  a  fervent  appeal  to  those 
persons  who  are  best  trained  to  gather  in  their  own  homes  or  in  soioe 
other  suitable  place  the  children  and  even  older  persons  in  order  to 
give  them  the  proper  religious  instruction;  they  should  see  to  it 
that  no  one  remains  without  this  instruction.  We  are  referring 
chlefli'  to  the  mani'  places  in  the  country  and  even  in  the  cities 
where  this  work  is  most  urgent. 

Catechism  instruction,  the  most  urgent  problem 

Certain  eloquent  evidence  corroborates  this  statement.  Pope  Plus  XII 
has  stated  that  society  is  in  need  of  urgent  and  effective  remedies, 
few,  however,  so  urgent  as  catechism  instruction.   "Catechism  instruc- 
tion is  the  first  of  all  the  works  of  Catholic  activity.  Religious 
ignoramce  is  the  greatest  stain  on  the  Catholic  nations . '  Pope  Leo  XII 
wrote:  "The  catechlsa  classroom  is  the  battlefield  on  which  it  has 
to  be  decided  whether  society  will  be  Christian  or  pagan." 

Contemplating  the  diseisters  broijght  about  by  the  Paris  Commune 
in  the  19th  centviry,  Thiers  stated:  "We  must  return  to  catechism 
instruction,"  and  Victor  Hugo  made  this  important  confession:  "Those 
parents  who  send  their  children  to  schools  where  it  is  openly  stated: 
No  catechism  instruction  here,  deserve  to  be  thrown  in  jail." 


660       COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN 

Finally,  to  be  brief,  Montalerabert  stated  in  the  French  Assembly: 
"There  is  no  compromise  between  socialism  and  the  catechism."  Today 
we  would  say:  Communism. 

Work  highly  pleasing  to  God 

The  apostles  of  Christ  knew  beforehand  that  the  teaching  of  the 
catechism  is  highly  pleasing  to  God  Our  Lord,  for  "the  most  divine 
of  human  works  is  to  teach  others  the  way  to  heaven."   They  also  knew 
that  if  they  were  able  but  failed  to  do  this  work,  they  might  one  day 
hear  from  the  lips  of  that  same  Jesus  Christ  these  terrible  words : 

"Depart  from  Me  because  I  was  hungry  and  you  gave  Me  nothing  to 

eat."  We  have  to "give  a  strict  account  to  God,  not  merely'  of  the  evil 
which  we  have  done  but  also  of  the  good  which  we  might  have  done  and 
failed  to  do.  Think  and  meditate  carefully  about  these  words,  beloved 
parishioners. 

Coordination  of  work 

We  ardently  desire  that  these  catechistic  centers  contact  their 
respective  parish  priests,  from  whom  they  will  receive  the  necessary 
catechistic  material,  which  we  will  give  them  if  they  need  it.  They 
may  also  directly  contact  the  Director  of  the  Catechistic  Work, 
Father  Pedro  Meurice,  Chancellor  of  the  Archbishopric.  Finally, id  one 
should  fail  to  report,  at  least  every  three  months,  on  the  work  he 
has  done. 


COMMUNIST  THREAT  TO  U.S.  THROUGH  THE  CARIBBEAN       661 

Best  wishes .  Let  us ,  without  dela^ ,  begin  this  evangelizing 
csimpaign,  which  has  the  blessing  of  God  and  of  His  Hol^  Mother,  Our  Lsmiy , 
the  Virgin  of  Charity.,  under  whose  sponsorship  we  place  the  work. 

If  everyone  prepares  to  do  the  best  he  can,  and  if  no  one  is 
indolent,  onlj  God  knows  the  great  deal  of  good  of  all  kinds  which 
we  are  goii^g  to  obtain  from  His  divine  hand,  which  is  more  than  gen- 
erous, nay,  extremely  lavish. 

Let  no  one  fall  to  enroll  in  this  campaign  for  good,  even  at  the 

cost  of  some  sacrifice,  which  God  will  recompense  a  hundredfold, 

/ 
perhaps  even  in  earthly  goods . 

In  this  way  we  will  work  completely  for  God  and  for  Cuba. 

Urgent  appeal 

From  the  priests ,  from  the  monks  and  nims ,  we  expect  resolute , 
speedy,  and  constant  cooperation.  We  also  expect  this  from  all  Catholic 
lay  organizations,  which  should  mobilize  with  the  greatest  enthusiasm. 

Ma^.  the  Lord  and  the  Virgin  of  Charity  bless  the  work  and  all 
those  who  collaborate  in  it. 

Enrique,  Archbishop  of  Santiago,  Cuba 

"This  pastoral  letter  is  to  be  read  in  all  churches  of  this 
Archdiocese  on  the  first  feast  day  after  it  is  received,  or  within  two 
days . " 


Senator  Dodd.  We  will  recess  at  this  time  subject  to  the  call  of  the 
Chair. 

(Whereupon,  at  12:15  p.m.,  the  committee  recessed,  subject  to  the 
call  of  the  Chair.) 


INDEX 


Note. — The  Senate  Internal  Security  Subcommittee  attaches  no  significance 
to  the  mere  fact  of  the  appearance  of  the  name  of  an  individual  or  an  organiza- 
tion in  this  index. 

A 

Page 

AFL-CIO 634 

Agrarian  Reform.  National  Institute  of 524 

Alvarez,  Seymour  Rafael  Blanco 637 

Avila,  Rafael 637 

B 

Batista 523 

BRAC 523 

C 

Carlos  Cento 525 

Castillanos,  Budilo 524 

Central  Intelligence 638 

Cevallo,  Sequndo  Manuel  del  Paso 524 

China 525 

Cienfuegos,  Camilo  (Cuban  Chief  of  Staff  of  all  services) 634 

Confederation  of  Cuban  Worliers 635 

Czechoslovakia 525 

D 

Diaz,  Maximo  Ruiloba,  testimony  of 523-634 

Dodd,  Senator  Thomas  J 523 

DuUes,  Allen  W 638 

E 

Exhibit  No.  12  (list  of  names) - 540-633 

Exhibit  No.  13  (address  by  Allen  W.  Dulles  given  May  1) 638 

F 

Furaguot,  Castro 524 

G 

Gonzales  y  Gonzales,  Arsenio,  testimony  of 635-661 

Guevara,  Alfredo 524 

Guevara,  "Che"  (Dr.  Ernesto  "Che"  Guevara) 525 

H 

Hernandez,  Aurelio  Silva,  testimony 526 

Hruska,  Senator  Roman  L 524 

J 

Jevaya,  Capt.  Sergo 525 

L 

La  Cabana »26 

M 

Mexico 525 

Miami  Beach,  Fla ^24 

I 


n  INDEX 

O  Page 

Omnibus  Workers  Union 635 

P 

Peron 637 

Prio,   Dr.   Carlos ^—  523 

"Public  Order  and  the  Preservation  of  Our  Freedoms" 638 

R 

Rodriguez  (Cruz),  Comdr.  Rene 634 

Russia 525 

S 

Sanjurho,  Raul 634 

San  Martin,  Dr.  Grau 523 

Santos,  Alberto  Carpeno 524 

Socialist   Popular  Party 526 

Sourwine,  J.  G 523 

St.  George  Association  of  New  York  Police  Department 638 

St.  Nicholas  Arena 634 

T 

Transportation  Union 635 

U 

Uruguay,  University  of 636 

V 

Verson-Diaz,  Salvador 523 

o 


^9R 


BOSTON  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  9999  05445  3350 


O:^'