COMPENDIUM OF THE FLORA
OF THE
^ Xortyern an* JWtitrle SsMtn.
ONTAINING GENERIC AND SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL TH>
PLANTS, EXCLUSIVE OF THE CRYPTOGAMIA, HITHERTO FOUND
IN THE UNITED STATES, NORTH OF THE FOTOMA<".
BY JOHN TORREY, M.D.
'ROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE WEST-POINT MILITARY ACAD
F.MY, PRESIDENT OF THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
OF NEW-YORK, MEMBER OF THE rHYSIOGRAFHICA 1
^OFIETT OF LUND, SWEDEN, OF THE WBB>
NERIAN SOCIETY Of EDINBURGH, SiC.
NEW- YORK:
STACY B. COLUNS, 65 FULTON-STREE1
I. A .T. Harper, Pi
18S6.
el
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW- YORK, «t.
bK IT REMEMBERED, that on the 16th day of September, in
the fifty-first year of the Independence of the United States of Amer-
ica, Stacy H. Collins, of the said District, hath deposited in this
office the title of a hook, the right whereof he claims, as Proprietor,
in the words following, to wit :
"A Compendium of the Flora of the Northern and Middle States.
Containing Generic and Specific Descriptions of all the Plants, exclu-
sive of the Cryptogamia, hitherto found in the United States, north of
the Potomac. By John Torrey, M.D. Professor of Chemistry in the
West-Point Military Academy, President of the Lyceum of Natural
History of New- York, Member of the Phj siographical Society of Lund,
SVeden, of the vVerncrian Society of Edinburgh, &c."
In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United Stales, entitled
i' An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing tiie copies
of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors r.nd proprietors of such
copies, during the times therein mentioned." And also to an Act,
entitled, "An Act, supplementary to an Act, entitled an Act for
the encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps,
t'h&rts, and Books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies,
during the times therein mentioned, and extending the benefits thereof
10 the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other
prints.*'
JAMES DILL,
Ghrh of the Southern District of Ntto-Yotk.
TO
WILLIAM COOPER. ESQ.
OF NEW- YORK.
THIS VOLUME
JS DEDICATED, AS A TESTIMONY
OF RESPECT FOR HIS
ATTAINMENTS AS A NATURALIST,
AND AS
AN EXPRESSION OF
HIGH ESTEEM FOR HIS VIRTUES,
BY HIS FRIEND,
THE AUTHOR.
Jo 3
ADVERTISEMENT.
This little Work, which was announced about
two years since, in the Preface to the Author's Flora
of the Northern and Middle States, is at length of-
fered to the Public. His appointment to the Chair
of Chemistry, in the Military Academy of West-
Point, shortly after the first volume of that work
was published, unavoidably interrupted his botanic
cal pursuits ; but he has now resumed them with
unabated zeal. He trusts that with his present
means of research and accumulated materials, the
remainder of the work will at least equal that
which has already been published, and received
with so much indulgence by our botanists. Con-
siderable progress has been made in preparing it
for the press, and it will be completed with all the
speed that is consistent with its faithful execution.
This Compendium, which is after the model ol
Smith's Compendium Florce Britannicce, it is hoped
will be found useful to students of Botany in the
Northern and Mfddle States, and also to those who
have made greater progress in the science, as its
small size will enable them to use it without incon-
venience in their herborizations. It contains sy-
noptical descriptions of all the plants described in
t, ADVERTISEMENT.
the author's larger work, together with the habitat,,
or place of growth of each plant, its time of
flowering, duration, and such other of the more
important properties as are not contained in the
specific character. An Index of the principal
synonyms with the names to which they corres-
pond in this work, will be found at the end of the
volume.
West-Point, Sept. 1st, 1826.
NOTICE
T.UE Abbreviations will probably be understood by most of those
who will use this work. For the benefit of younger students, how-
ever, those which might not be readily known are here explained.
alt. alternate.
in.
inch.
sol.
solitary.
nilth. anther.
lob.
lobe.
wh.
white.
$er. berry.
man
. numerous.
©.
annual.
cal. calyx.
leg.
legume.
i-
bie'nnial.
cor. corolla.
Pd.
petal.
v.
perennial.
f\. flower.
perf.
peduncle.
v
shrub or tree
fr. fruit.
$m.
small.
§.
naturalized.
ft. foot.
tub.
tubular.
+.
doubtful.
T'. rrerri.
teg.
segment.
I. MONANDRIA.
I. MOINTOGYNIA.
1. SALICORNIA. Cal. turbinate, entire, somewhai
ventricose, succulent. Cor. 0. Stam. 1-2. Style bi-
fid. Seed 1, covered by the inflated calyx.
2. HIPPURIS. Cal. entire, very small. Cor. 0. Style
received into a groove of the anther. Stig. simple.
Seed 1.
II. DIGYNIA.
3. CALLITRICHE. Cal. inferior 2-leaved. Pet. 0.
Cap. 2-celled, 4-seeded, compressed.
4. BLITUM. Cal. 3-cleft. Cor. 0. Seed 1, covered by
the calyx, which becomes a berry.
I. MONOGYNIA.
I. SALICORNIA. Atriplices. Glasswort.
S. herbacea : annual ; stem erect or branched ; joints
compressed, notched at the summits ; spikes pedun-
culate ; calyx truncate.
HAB. Salt-marshes. Aug. — Sept. 0. 6 — 10 in. high,
fleshy, leafless ; style very short.
S. ambigua : perennial, procumbent, branching;
joints crescent-shaped, small ; spikes opposite and
alternate ; calyx truncate.
HAB. Salt-marshes. Jul.-Aug. $ or lj- Procumbent
and assurgent; anth. purplish-yellow.
2. HIPPURIS. Haloragece. Mare's tail.
H. vulgaris : leaves verticillate in eights, linear-lan-
ceolate, acute.
HAB. Ponds and lakes. Aug. If.. Erect, simple, l-ty
ft. ; flowers axillary, sessile, minute.
14 M0NANDR1A.— DIGYNIA.
II. DIGYNIA.
.3. CALLITRICHE. Haloragece. Water-Chickweed.
1. C. verna /3. intermedia: upper leaves spathulate-
obovate, inferior ones lined, obtuse, and emarginate ;
flowers polygamous; margin of the capsule obtuse.
HAB. Floating in shallow waters. Apr. — Aug. 0. Up-
permost leaves stellate, S-nerved ; flowers axillary;
superior ones stamenif, middle ones perfect, lowest
ones pistilif.
2. C. autumnalis: leaves all linear, 1 -nerved, truncate,
or emarginate ; capsule with an acute margin ; flow-
ers all perfect.
HAB. Floating. Aug. — Sept. ©. Somewhat branched:
superior leaves a little broader, and 3-nerved.
2. C. terrestris : procumbent, diffuse ; leaves oblong,
uniform, rather obtuse ; capsule grooved on the
margin.
HAB. On wet ground. Jun. — Aug. 0. Creeping,
small ; leaves crowded ; flowers polygamous ; capsule
very short, and broad.
4. BLITUM. Atriplices.
1. B. capitatum: procumbent; leaves triangular-ha-
tate ; heads alternate, in a terminal, leafless spike.
HAB. Fields and waste places. ©. Jun. Stem branched,
1 ft. ; heads round, sessile ; flowers crowded, incon-
spicuous ; calyx red when ripe.
£. B. virgatum : leaves triangular-hastate ; heads scat-
tered, lateral.
HAB. In similar situations as No. 1.0. June. Heads
all lateral ; calyx red when ripe.
3. B. maritimum : calyx membranaceous ; clusters axil-
lary, spiked, naked ; leaves lanceolate, attenuate at
each extremity, incisely toothed.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. 0. Erect, much branched .
1 — 2 ft. ; leaves succulent ; teeth few ; calyx not be-
coming red ; seed lenticular, vertical.
y l/- j^iv^tT^^ * I
w
DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 15
II. DIANDRIA.
1. MONOGYNIA.
* Flowers complete, inferior ; 1 pttalled.
t Fruit a drupe or nut.
,. LIGUSTRUM. Cal. 4-toothed. Cor. 4-cleft. Berry
2-celled ; cells 2-seeded.
6. CHIONANTHUS. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. deeply 4-
parted ; segments long and linear. Drupe 1 -seeded.
Nut striate.
7. ORNUS. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. 4-parted; petals long
and ligulate. Fil. 4. JVwMvinged. Fruit a capsule.
::. VERONICA. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. rotate, 4-lobed,
unequal ; the lower segment narrower. Caps. 2-
celled, obcordate ; seeds few.
■ >. LEPTANDRA . Cal. 5-parted ; segments acuminate.
Cor. tubular-campanulate ; border 4-lobed, a little
ringent ; the lower segment narrower. Stam. and
at length the pist. much exserted. Caps, ovate.
acuminate, opening at the summit.
10. GRATIOLA. Cal. 5-parted, often with 2 bracts at
the base. Cor. irregular, resupinate, 2-lipped ; the
upper lip 2-lobed ; the lower equally 3-cleft. Stig.
2-lipped. Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved.
11. L1XDERNIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. resupinate,
tubular, 2-lipped ; upper lip short, reflexed, emar-
ginate ; the lower lip trifid and unequal. Fil. 4 ;
the two longer forked arid sterile. Caps. 2-celled.
2-valved ; dissepiment parallel with the valves.
■ IIEMIANTHUS. Cal. tubular, cleft on the under
side : border 4-toothed ; upper lip of the cor. obso-
lete ; lower3-parted; intermediate segmentligulate,
much longer, closely incurved. Stam. 2 ; fil. bifid ;
lateral fork antheriferous. Caps. 1 -celled, 2-valved.
many-seeded.
ATALPA. Cal. 2-parted. Cor. campanulate :
tube ventricose ; border 4-lobed, unequal. Stam.
2 fertile ; 2 — 3 sterile. Stig. bilamellate. Caps.
long and cylindric, 2-valved ; dissepiment opposite
to the valves,
i I. JUSTICIA. Cal. 5-parted, often with 2 bracts attfce
m DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
base. Cor. irregular, bilabiate ; upper lip emargi
nate ; the lower 3-cleft. Anth. 1—2 on each fila-
ment. Caps, attenuated, 2-celled, 2-valved ; dis-
sepiment growing from the centre of each valve.
15. UTRICULARIA. Cal. 2-leaved, equal. Cor. per-
sonate or ringent ; upper lip erect ; lower lip spur-
red at the base ; palate subcordate. Fil. incurved .
bearing the anthers within the apex. Slig. 2-lipped,
Caps. 1 -celled.
t t t Seeds 4 j naked. Labiate.
(6. LYCOPUS. Cal. tubular, 5-cleft, or 5-toothed.
Cor. tubular, 4-cleft, nearly equal ; upper division
broader and emarginate. Stam. distant. Seeds 4,
retuse.
17. CUNILA. Cal. cylindrical or tubular, 5-toothed.
10-striate. Cor. ringent ; upper lip short, flat.
Fertile stam. and style much exserted ; sterile stam
very short.
18. HEDEOMA. Cal. 2-lipped, gibbous at the base :
upper lip 3-toothed ; teeth lanceolate ; lower lip of
2 subulate teeth. Cor. ringent. Stam. 2 fertile,
as long as the corolla ; 2 sterile, short.
1.9. MONARDA. Cal. 5-toothed, tubular. Cor. rin-
gent ; upper lip linear, involving the filaments :
lower lip reflexed, 3-lobed.
20. SALVIA. Cal. subcampanulate, bilabiate ; upper
lip 2 — 3-toothed ; lower lip bifid. Cor. ringent.
Fil. transversely affixed to a foot-stalk.
21. COLLINSONIA. Cal. bilabiate; upper lip 3-
toothed. Cor. unequal, somewhat campanula^,
unequally 5-lobed ; lower lobe divided into many
capillary segments. Seeds 4 ; three of them gene-
rally abortive.
* * Flowers superior.
22. CIRCiEA. Cal. 2-leaved, superior. Cor. 2-petal
led. Caps. 2-celled, not opening ; cells 2-seeded.
* * * Flowers incomplete.
23. LEMNA. Cal. 1 -leaved, entire. Cor. 0. Fruit
an utricle. Seed 1, lying horizontally, and affixed
by its lower side..
DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 17
24.CRYPTA. Cal. 2-leaved, inferior. Cor. 2—3-
petalled, closed. Style almost wanting. Stig. ob-
tuse. Caps. 2 — 3-celled, 2 — 3-valved ; cells 4 — 5-
seeded.
MONOGYNIA.
5. LIGUSTRUM. Prim, or Privet. Jasmine*.
L. vulgare ; leaves elliptical — lanceolate, smooth ,
racemes compound, crowded.
J-IAB. Hedges and open woods. May. Tj. 6 ft. high;
leaves opposite; flowers white, panicled ; berries
black.
♦J. CHIONANTHUS. Fringe-tree. Jasmine*.
C. virginica: leaves terminal ; peduncles 3-flowered ;
leaves acute.
a., montana: leaves oval-lanceolate, coriaceous,
smooth ; panicles dense ; drupe oval.
j3. maritima: leaves obovate-lanceolate, membra-
naceous, pubescent ; panicles very loose ; drupe
elliptical.
HAB. a. On mountains ; /3. on the sea-coast. May —
June. T? . 6 — 10 — 20 feet high ; leav. oppos. ; flowers
i?i panicles.
7. ORNUS. Flowering-ash. Jasmine*.
0, americana : leaves broad-ovate, serrate ; the ter-
minal one obcordate.
JIAB. Shady woods. T?. Fl. as in Chionantiius :
seeds small, winged.
3. VERONICA. Speedwell. Rhinanthacea.
V. officinalis : spikes lateral, peduncled ; leaves obo-
vate, or roundish, serrate, hairy ; stem procum
bent.
HAB. Dry woods and meadows. June — July. 1/. Stem
diffuse; spikes erect, subradical ;fl. blue.
V. serpyllifolia : raceme elongated, many-flowered ;
leaves ovate, crenate, smooth ; capsule as long u«
the style ; stem ascending,
n*
DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
HAB. Meadows. May. V-. Stem procumbent at base
fl. pale blue.
3. V. Beccabunga; racemes opposite ; leaves elliptical,
obtuse, on short petioles, subserrate, glabrous :
stem procumbent, rooting at the base.
HAB. In water ; rare. June. V-. lft. high, terete; ra-
cemes axillary, many-flow. ; corol. blue ; caps, inflat.
4. V. Anagallis: racemes opposite ; leaves lanceolate.
serrate ; stem erect.
HAB. In water. June— Aug. 2J. Uft. high, subquad-
rang.; peduncl. subpubescent ;fl. pale blue.
5. V. scutellata : racemes lateral and alternate ; (rarely
opposite) pedicels divaricate ; leaves linear, some-
what toothed ; stem nearly erect.
HAB. In water. May— June. V-. Root creeping ; stem
weak, somewhat branched; ft. pale blue, or flesh-col.
ft. V. arvensis : flowers solitary, subsessile ; inferior
leaves petiolate, cordate, ovate, serrate ; stent
leaves crenate ; floral ones lanceolate, sessile,
longer than the pedicels ; segments of the calyx
unequal ; capsule obcordate, compressed.
HAB. Dry hills and fields. Apr.— Aug. 0. Stemassur-
aent, 2 — 6 in. high ;fl. pale blue ; caps, compres.
7. V. agrestis : flowers solitary, pedicellate, leaves peti-
olate, cordate-ovate, serrate, segments of the calyx
equal, ovate, hairy ; stem procumbent, pubescent
HAB. Sandy fields. May. Q. Branched, diffuse ;fl. blue.
veined ; capsule didymous, subventricose.
3. V. peregrina : flowers solitary, sessile ; leaves oblong*,
serrate, rather obtuse; stem erect.
HAB. Wet, clayey soils. May — July. 0. Smooth: stem
branched at the base; rad. leaves subpetiolate ; fl,
small, white ; caps, obcordate.
9, V. hederifolia : flowers solitary ; leaves as long as the.
petioles, roundish-cordate, 5-lobed ; the upper ones
3-lobed ; segments of the calyx cordate, ciliate.
acute ; stem procumbent.
HAB. Shady rocks. April. 0. Stems diffuse, pubescent;
leaves somewhat fleshy ; caps, ventricose, with two
seeds in each cell.
10. V. reniformis : stem procumbent, hispid ; leaves ses-
DIANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A. *9
sile, reniform, entire, hairy, villous ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary, subsessile.
HAB. Sandy soils. Summer. 0. Stems few, terete, vil-
lous ;fl. white or pale blue.
9. LEPTANDRA. Mtirrhineee.
L. virginica : leaves verticillate, in fours or fives, lan-
ceolate, serrate, petiolate.
HAB. Woods and fertile valleys. July — Aug. If. Stew
3 — 4 ft. high ;fl. white, in a long terminal spike.
10. GRATIOLA. Hedge-hyssop. Scrophularuc.
J..G. aurea : smooth ; leaves linear-oblong ; half embra-
cing the stem, obscurely toothed ; leaves of the calyx
equal ; sterile filaments minute.
HAB. Wet, sandy places, and in woods. Aug. — Sept.
If. Root creeping ; stem 8 — 12 in. ;fl. yellow.
3. G. virginica : stem pubescent, assurgent, terete; leaves
smooth, lanceolate, sparingly dentate-serrate, alter-
nate and connate at the base ; leaves of the calyx-
equal ; sterile filaments wanting.
HAB. Wet meadows. July — Aug. If. 6—8 in., branch-
ed at the base ; leaves smooth ; cor. white ; tube yellow.
\.Gt megalocarpa : leaves lanceolate, serrate, pubes-
cent ; peduncles opposite, longer than the leaves ;
segments of the calyx linear, as long as the globose
capsule.
HAB. Ditches and pools. July — Aug. If. Cor. pale yel-
low ; caps, large.
11. L1NDERNIA. Scrophulariw.
l.L. dilatata: leaves dilated at the base, amplexicaul,
remotely toothed ; peduncles longer than the leaves.
HAB. Overflowed places. July — Sept. ©. 67cm assur-
gent; pedunc. altern. andoppos., spreading; cor. pah
purple.
I, L. attenuata: leaves lanceolate and obovate, narrowed
at the base ; peduncles shorter than the leaves
erect.
11AB. Overflowed places. July — Sept. Q. Stem erect o,
procumb. ; leaves serrate or dentate ; cor. pale purple.
'• 1- monticola : stem slender, dichotomous ; radical
20 DlANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
leaves spathulate ; cauline ones linear, small and
remote ; peduncles very long, at length reflexed.
II A B. On mountains. If. Leaves denticulate; jfl. pale
blue.
12. HEMIANTHUS. Lijsimachitc.
H. micranthemoides.
J/AB. Overflowed banks of rivers. Aug. — Sept ©. Stem
creeping; leaves oppos ., crowded ;fl. axill. ; cor. bilab.
tube gibbous ; starn. inserted on the lower lip ; style
declined, bi/id.
13. CAT ALP A. Catalpa. Bignonice.
C. cordifolia : leaves simple, cordate, entire ; flowers in
panicles.
HAB. Fields and about houses. July. A large tree .
leaves in threes ;Jl. in large term, panic. ; caps, line-
ar, slender ; seeds caudate.
14. JUSTICIA. Acanthacece.
F. pedunculosa : spikes axillary; peduncles elongated,
alternate ; flowers crowded ; leaves lanceolate.
HAB. In flowing water. July — Aug. If. 2 ft. high:
leaves long; jl. capitate, on long axillary peduncles,
pale purp.; anth. 2, altern.
15. UTRICULARIA. Bladder-wort. Lentibularice.
\.V. injlata : floating; scape many flowered; radical
leaves verticillate, inflated, pinnatirid at their extre-
mities ; lower lip of the corolla 3-lobed ; spur
deeply emarginate.
HAB. Ponds. Aug. If. Rad. leaves spongy; scape
5 — $>-fl. ; cor. large, yellow.
2. U. virigaris : floating; stems submerged, dichotomous :
leaves many-parted, vesiculose ; scape 5 — 9-flow-
ered ; upper lip of the corolla entire, broad-ovate ;
spur conical, incurved.
SIAB. In ponds of deep water. Aug. If. Stems 1 — 3ft. ;
leaves dichot. ; Jl. large, yellow ; lower lip entire:
spur entire.
3. U. minor : spur carinate ; upper lip emarginate .;
palate equal : throat open ; leaves 3-parted, dichoto
mous.
DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 21
HAB. Swamps and ditches. Aug. 7f. Stems decumbent;
lower lip of the corol. obovate.
4. U. setacea : scape filiform rooting, 2 — 3-flowered ;
upper lip of the corolla ovate ; lower distinctly 3-
lobed ; spur sub-conical, shorter than the lower lip.
HAB. Overflowed swamps. June. If. Scap. 4—6 pi.,
rooting in the mud; flowers mostly two, very small ;
spur rather obtuse,
o. U. gibba: floating; scape generally 2-flowered ; spur
shorter than the lower lip of the corolla, obtuse,
gibbous in the middle.
HAB. In ponds. July. If. Roots dichot., with few
utric. ; scape 2 — 3 in. ; lips of the corol. roundish.
Q, U. cornuta : scape rooting, erect, rigid ; flowers 2 — 3.
subsessile ; inferior lip of the corolla very wide, 3-
lobed ; spur very acute, porrected.
HAB. On wet calcareous rocks. Aug. — Sept. If. Scape
1 ft., rooting in the mud, bracteolate ; fl. approx.
large ; palate very prominent.
7. U. striata : floating ; scape 2 — 3-flowered ; upper lip
of the corolla ovate-round, sub-emarginate, waved
on the margin ; lower lip 3-lobed, reflexed at the
sides ; spur straight, obtuse, shorter than the lower
lip.
HAB. In swamps. June. If.. Stems with few submerged
branches; cor. yellow, much expanded, striate with
red.
. purpurea : scapes axillary, generally 1 -flowered :
involucrum 0; lower lip of the corolla 3-lobed:
lateral lobes cucullate on the under side ; spur com-
pressed, half as long as the corolla.
HAB. Ponds on mountains. Aug. If. Stems very long ;
scapes often by pairs ; corolla purple !
1G. LYCOPUS. Water Horehound. Labiates.
I. L. europeus /3. august if alius : smooth; stem acutely
quadrangular ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, with large
acute teeth ; lower ones somewhat pinnatifid ; seg-
ments of the calyx acuminate, terminating in short
spines,
HAB. Wet meadows and ditches. Aug. ©. Root crop
ing ; stem 1 — 2/*., much branched ; leav. puncticul. ;
fl. verticill. crowded, white.
: L. virifinicus : leaves broad-lanceolate, serrate.
22 DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
row and entire at the base ; calyx shorter than the
seed, spineless.
HAB. Shady, wet places. Aug. If. Stem 1 — 1^ ft. ;
nearly simple, with obtuse angles ; leaves coarsely ser-
rate, purplish beneath.
3. L. uniflorus : plant small ; root tuberous ; stem sim-
ple ; leaves oval, obtuse, obsoletely toothed ; axils
1 -flowered.
II AB. Aug. If.. Root tuberous ; stolans leafy ; stem
2 — 3 in. ; leaves petiolate.
17. CUNILA. Labial.
C. mariana : leaves ovate, sessile, serrate ; corymbs
axillary and terminal ; dichotomous.
IIAB. On hills. Aug. — Sept. V. Leav. oppos.. punctate ;
cor. pink : stam. exserted.
18. HEDEOMA. Wild Pennyroyal. Labiate.
II. pulegioides : leaves oblong, remotely serrate:
peduncles axillary, numerous.
HAB. Dry hills and woods. July — Aug. {•). Plant aro-
matic ; fl. subverticillatet pale blue.
19 MONARDA.
* Calyx nearly eqi^al.
1. M. didyma : leaves ovate, acuminate, subcordate.
somewhat hairy ; flowers in simple or proliferous
heads ; exterior bracts large, coloured, lanceolate.
HAB. River banks. July — Aug. 11. Stem quadrang.
somewhat pubescent ; flowers large, scarlet.
jS. angustifolia : leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
and with the stem, pubescent.
IIAB. Boggy woods. July. If. Stem more slender; heads
rarely proliferous ; leaves of en attenuate at the base.
?. M. oblongata : pubescent; heads simple; exterior
bracts ovate ; calyx short, with the throat bearded,
teeth divaricate ; stem obtuse-angled, hairy above ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base.
HAB. Rocky situations. July. If. Stem 2 — 3 ft. much
branched ; flowers flesh-colour ; bracts coloured.
3. M. clinopodia : smooth; heads small, simple, termi-
nal ; exterior bracts broad-ovate, acute, entire,
almost smooth ; calyx short, ciliate ; corolla pubes-
DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. &
cent, slender ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate,
serrate, a little hairy ; stem obtuse-angled, smooth.
HAB. Dry gravelly soil. July— *5ept. If. Fl. yellow, with
purple specks.
M. Jistulosa : nearly smooth ; heads simple or proli-
ferous, leafy; exterior bracts oblong, acute, glabrous ;
calyx long, bearded ; corolla hirsute ; leaves ovate,
acuminate, serrate ; petioles long, ciliate ; stem
smooth, obtuse-angled.
II AB. Among rocks, on river banks. Aug. If . Stem 2 ft. ,
branched ; flowers small, in dense heads, purplish,
sometimes proliferous.
M. punctata : somewhat smooth ; flowers verticillate ;
bracts lanceolate, coloured, longer than the whorl ;
leaves lanceolate-oblong, remotely serrate ; stem
obtuse -angled, white, downy.
HAB. In sandy fields. Sept. If. • $ • Stem branched, 2 — 3
ft. ; leaves punctate ; fl. yellow, dotted with brown.
* * Calyx bilabiate.
M. hirsuta : whole plant very hairy ; flowers small,
verticillate ; bracts attenuated into awns ; upper
teeth of the calyx very short, the others setiform ;
leaves ovate, on long petioles, serrate.
HAB. On mountains. August. If' Much branched, and
almost woolly ; fl. pale blue, spotted with purple :
upper lip very short.
20. SALVIA.
. S . urticifolia : viscous and villous; leaves ovate-
oblong, toothed, narrowed into a petiole at the base ;
calyx 3-cleft ; the upper division 3-toothed.
HAB. On mountains. June. If. Leaves punctate beneath :
spikes naked; whorls remote ; fl. blue.
. S. lyrata : radical ieaves lyrate-sinuate ; stem nearly
leafless, retrorsely hairy ; upper lip of the corolla
very short.
HAB. Fields and borders of woods. June. If. Stem a
foot high, very hairy ; whorls about 6-fl. ; cor. blur.
i. S. Claytoni : leaves cordate-ovate, sinuate, toothed.
rugose ; teeth of the upper lip of the calyx conni
vent.
HAB. June— Oct. £ and y.. FL violet.
24 DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
21. COLLINSONIA. Horse-weed. Labiatce.
C. canadensis : leaves broad-cordate, ovate, glabrous ;
teeth of the calyx short, subulate ; panicle terminal.
compound.
HAB. Among rocks, in rich soil. Aug. V-. Smooth:
leaves on long or short footstalks ; fl. dull yellow.
22. CIRCiEA. Enchanter's nightshade. Onagroz.
1. C. lutetiana (Z. canadensis: stem erect ; leaves ovate,
remotely toothed, opaque, nearly smooth.
HAB. Shady woods. July— Aug. It. Stem 1—2 feet
high, simple ; fl. in racemes, pedicellate, reddish-
white ; fruit hispid.
I. C.alpina: stem branched, very smooth, often pro-
cumbent ; leaves broad-cordate, membranaceous,
acutely toothed, shining.
HAB. On barks of trees and wet mossy rocks. Aug. %.
Very s?nooth, 6 — 8 in high ; leaves very broad, sub-
diaphanous ; fruit pubescent.
23. LEMNA. Duck's-meat. Naiades.
1. L. trisulca: fronds thin, elliptical-lanceolate, caudate
at one extremity, at the other serrate, ; roots solitary.
HAB. Pure stagnant waters. 0. Fronds laterally proli-
ferous, and appearing cruciate ; root a solitary fibre,
caiyptrate at the extremity.
2. L. minor : fronds nearly ovate, compressed ; roots
solitary.
HAB. Stagnant waters. ©. Fronds a line or a line and a
half long, succulent, aggregated.
3. L. gibba : fronds obovate, nearly plane above, hemis-
pherical beneath ; roots solitary.
HAB. Stagnant waters. 0. Fronds as large as the prece-
ding, gibbous, pellucid and reticulated beneath.
I. L. polyrrhiza : fronds obovate-roundish, compressed ;
roots numerous, fasciculate.
HAB. On stagnant waters, often with No. 2. ©. 3 — 4
lines long, rarely proliferous.
24. CRYPTA. Portulaceaz.
C. minima.
HAB. Borders of ponds, and banks of rivers. 0 ? Aug,
minute, Prostrate and creeping, with the branches
assurgent; leaves oppos. cuneate ; fl. minute, axill.
TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
TRIANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA.
* Flowers superior.
t Complete.
16. FEDIA. Cal. 1-leaved, 3 — 6-toothed. Cor. mono
petalous, equally 5-cleft. Caps, crowned with the
persistent calyx, 3-celled, only one of the cell?
usually fertile.
1 1 Incomplete.
26. IRIS. Cor. 6-parted ; 3 of the segments reflexed, the
others erect or connivent. Style short, or 0. Stig. 3,
petaloid, covering the stamens. Caps. 3-celled, many
seeded.
21. LACHNANTHES. Cal. superior, petaloid, externally
hirsute, deeply 6-parted, nearly equal. Style de-
clining; stig. minutely 3-lobed. Caps, globose
3-celled ; cells 3 — 6-seeded.
* * Flowers inferior.
| Complete.
28. COMMELINA. Cal. 3 leaved. Cor. 3-petalled.,S'ta//<
6 ; 3 — 4 sterile, and furnished with cruciform glands.
Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved, one of the valves often
abortive.
29. XYRIS. Fl. in a roundish or oblong head. Cal. glum
aceous, cartilaginous, 3-valved. Cor. 3-petalled.
equal. Stig. 3-cleft. Caps. 1 -celled, 3-valved.
t | Incomplete.
30. SCHOLLERA. Spath 1 -flowered, Anth. of 2 forms. Cor,
tube very long ; limb deeply 6-parted. Caps. 1 -celled
11. HETERANTHERA. Cal. a spath. Cor. tube long
and slender; border 6-parted, equah Jfart. of 2 forms.
26 TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
Caps. 3-celled, many-seeded, opening at the angles '
dissep. contrary.
32. SISYRINCHIUM. Spath. 2-leaved. Cor. 6-petalled,
flat, equal. Stam. cohering below. Stig. 3-cleft. Caps.
3-celled.
* * * Flowers glumaceous.
33. KYLLINGIA. Fl. distinct, disposed in a roundish,
sessile, subimbricated spike. Cal. 2-valved, 1 -flower-
ed. Cor. 2-valved, longer than the calyx.
34. SCIRPUS. Glum. 1-valved, 1 -flowered, imbricated
on all sides. Cor. 0.
35. SCHCENUS. Glum, fascicled into a spike, paleace-
ous ; the inferior ones empty. Cor. 0. Style decidu-
ous. Seed 1, (mostly naked at the base.)
36. RHYNCHOSPORA. Glum, fascicled into a spike;
the inferior ones empty. Cor. 0. Seed 1, crowned
with the persistent style ; base surrounded with
bristles.
37. MARISCUS. Fl. distinct, in a somewhat imbricated
spike. Cal. 2-valved, unequal, 3-flowered. Cor.
1-valved. Style 3-cleft. Seed triquetrous.
38. DULICHIUM. Spikes somewhat racemose, axillary j
spikelets linear-lanceolate^ rather compressed. Glum.
distichous, sheathing. Cor. 0. Style very long, bifid ;
base persistent. Seed with bristles at the base.
39. CYPERUS. Spikelets compressed, distinct. Glum.
imbricated in two rows. Cor. 0. Style deciduous.
Seed 1. naked.
40. ERIOPHORUM. Glum. 1-valved, imbricated on all
sides into a spike. Cor. 0. Seed surrounded with long
dense wool.
11. FUIRENA. Glum, awned, imbricated on all sides into
a spike. Cor. 3-valved, petaloid ; valves cordate,
awned, unguiculate.
12. CENCHRUS. Involuc. laciniate, echinate, including
about 2 spikelets. Cal. 2-valved, 2-flowered ; the
inferior fl. sterile, the other perfect. Cor. awnless.
Style 2-cleft.
13. SPARTINA. Fl. in unilateral spikes, imbricated in
2 rows. Cal. 2-valved, compressed, unequal. Cor.
2-valved, awnless, unequal. Nect. collateral.
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 27
44. ORYZOPSIS. Cal. 1-flowerecl, 2-valved ; valves
membranaceous, nearly equal, loose, obovate.
awnless. Cor. 2-valved, coriaceous, cylindrical-ovate,
hairy at the base ; the inferior valve awned at tip.
JVect. linear, elongated.
DIGYNIA.
A. Flowers all perfect.
| Spikelets 1-Jlowered.
* Cal. 0.
15. LEERSIA. Cal. 0. Cor. 2-valved, closed ; valves
compressed, boat-shaped. JVect. obovate, entire,
collateral.
* * Cal. 2-valved.
a. Cor. without abortive rudiments at the base.
1, Glumes and corolla of dissimilar texture ; the inferior
valve involving the superior.
«. Cor. unarmed.
16. PASPALUM. Ft. in unilateral spikes. Cal, 2-valved,
membranaceous, equal, nearly orbicular. Cor. carti-
laginous, of the size and form of the calyx. Stig.
plumose, coloured. JVect. collateral.
17. MILIUM. Cal. 2-valved, herbaceous. Cor. 2-valved.
coviaceous, oblong, concave, shorter than the calyx,
awnless. Seed 2-hornecl. JVect. collateral.
/3. Cor. armed or bristled at the tip.
48. PIPTATHERU >. Cal. membranaceous, longet than
the corolla. Cor. cartilaginous, elliptical ; inferior
valve awned at the tip. Nect. ovate, entire. Seed
coated.
19. STIPA. Cal. 2-valved, membranaceous. Cor. 2-
valved, shorter than the calyx, coriaceous, involute,
subcylindric ; awn terminal, contorted near the base.
Seed coated.
">0. AR1STIDA. Cal. 2-valved, membranaceous, une-
qual. Cor. 2-valved, pedicellate, subcylindric ; in-
IB TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
ferior valve coriaceous, involute, 3-awned at the
tip ; superior valve very minute, or obsolete. JVect.
collateral.
.. Glumes and corolla of nearly similar texture, often ca-
rinate.
cc. Panicle more or less spreading.
51.MUHLENBERGIA. Cal. very minute, 2-valved,
truncate, unequal. Cor. 2-valved, hairy at the base ;
inferior valve terminating in a slender bristle.
52. TRICHODIUM. Cal. 2-valved ; valves nearly
equal, serrulate on the keel. Cor. 1-valved, smaller
than the calyx. Stig. nearly sessile.
53. AGROSTIS. Cal. 2-valved, 1 -flowered, com-
pressed, herbaceous. Cor. 2-valved, membra-
naceous, generally larger than the calyx, often hairy
at the base. JVect. collateral. Seed coated.
54. CINNA. Cal. 2-valved, compressed, nearly equal.
Cor. linear, compressed, shortly stipitate, naked at
the base ; inferior valve enclosing the superior, with
a short awn near the summit.
55. POLYPOGON. Cal. 2-valved, 1 -flowered ; valves
nearly equal, terminating in a bristle. Cor. 2-val-
ved, shorter than the calyx ; the inferior valve ter-
minating in a bristle.
56. TRICHOCHLOA. Cal. 2-valved, 1-flowered ;
glumes very minute. Cor. much larger than the
calyx, 2-valved, naked at the base ; inferior valve
convolute at the base, terminating in a long awn
not articulated.
57. ARUNDO. Cal. 2-valved, unequal, membranaceous.
surrounded with hair at the base ; inferior valve
mucronate or slightly awned ; superior valve some-
times with a pencil-form rudiment at the base.
/3. Panicle more or less contracted into a spike.
■3'8. PSAMMA. Cal 2-valved, awnless. Cor. shorter than
the calyx, surrounded with hairs at the base. JVect.
linear-lanceolate, longer than the seed. Style 3-
parted ; stig. 3.
39. CRYPSIS. Cal. valved, membranaceous, carinate.
Cor. longer than the calyx, which it resembles in
texture and form. Stam. 2—3. JVect. 0.
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 2d
60. ALOPECURUS. Cal. 2-valved, equal ; glum, gene-
rally connate at the base. Cur. 1-valved, utriculate,
cleft on one side, awned below the middle. Styles
often connate.
Sl.PHLEUM. Cal. 2-valved, much longer than the
corolla ; glumes equal, boat shaped, rostrate or
mucronate. Cur. 2-valved, included in the calyx,
awnless, truncate.
C. Cor. with 1 or 2 abortive rudiments of Jlorets at th'
base.
1. Glumes and corolla of dissimilar texture.
62. CYNODON. Spike* digitate and fascicled. Fl. uni-
lateral, in a simple series. Cal. 2-leaved ; glum.
nearly equal, spreading, acute. Cor. 2- valved ; sup.
valve very narrow, surrounded by the inferior one.
Rudiment minute, pedicellate. Nect. collateral.
63. GYMNOPOGON. Cal. 2-valved, carinate, nearlv
equal, longer than the flower ; valves of the cor.
nearly equal ; the inferior with a straight bristle
a little below the tip. Rudiment aristiform,
2. Glumes and corolla of nearly similar texture.
ol. PHALARIS. Cal. 1 -flowered, . 2-valved, nearly
equal, membranaceous, gibbous on the back, cari-
nate. Cor. 2-valved, coriaceous, hairy at the base,
shorter than the calyx. Rudiments opposite, ses-
sile, resembling valves. Nect. collateral.
.. ANTHOXANTHUM. Cal. 2-valved, 1-flowered.
Cor. 2-valved, with 2 abortive, 1-valved rudiments
at the base ; one of them awned frdm near the
base, the other from near the tip. Stain. 2.
66. BRACHYELYTRUM. Cal. very minute ; inferior
glume scarcely perceptible. Cor. with the inferior
valve terminated by a long bristle ; superior valvr
with a clavate rudiment at the base.
+ t Spikelets many-florvcrcd,
* Florets all perfect.
a. Flowers panicled.
m TRIANDR1A.— DIGYNIA.
1. Corolla unarmed.
37. PHRAGMITES. Cal. 6— 7-flowered. Florets on
villose pedicels, except the lowest, which is sessile
and naked at the base ; inferior valve elongated,
acuminate and involute ; superior valve somewhat
conduplicate.
G8, GLYCERIA. Spikelets terete, elongated. Cal.
many -flowered, shorter than the florets ; inferior
valve of the corolla herbaceo-membranaceous ; su-
perior valve somewhat conduplicate. Nect. collate-
ral, connate. Stig. decompound.
69. UNIOLA. Spikelets compressed, ancipital, many-
flowered. Cal. 2-valved, shorter than the florets.
Cor. 2-valved, awnless ; inferior valve boat-shaped ;
superior valve smaller, concave on the back. Nect.
collateral, emarginate.
70. BRIZA. Spikelets cordate-ovate, many-flowered.
Cal. paleaceous, shorter than the distichous florets.
Cor. ventricose ; inferior valve cordate ; superior
nearly orbicular, very short.
7 1 . POA. Spikelets oblong or linear, compressed, many
flowered. Cal. shorter than the florets. Cor.
herbaceous, awnless, often arachnoid at the base ;
inferior valve scarious on the margin.
2. Corolla more or less setigerous or mucronate.
a. Seed free.
72. KCELERIA. Cal. 2— -4-flowered, shorter than the
florets. Inferior valve of the corolla mucronate, or
with a 'short bristle a little below the tip.
73. URALEPIS. Cal. 2 — 3-flowered, much shorter than
the florets, which are stipitate and distinct. Cor.
2-valved ; valves very unequal, distinctly villose on
the margin ; the inferior tricuspidate ; the central
cusp produced into a short bristle ; superior valve
concave on the back, and incurved. Seed gibbous.,
coated.
74. TR1CUSPIS. S/n'fce/efs terete, tumid, many-flowered.
Calyx 2-valved, carinate, shorter than the florets.
Inferior valve of the Cor. tricuspidate by the pro-
jecting carina and margins ; base and sides villous ;
superior valve emarginate. Nect. obtuse, entire,
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA, 31
/3. Seed adnate.
15. FESTUCA. Spikelets often more or less terete, at
length compressed, many-flowered. Cal. unequal,
carinate, shorter than the florets. Cor. somewhat
terete ; superior valve acute, mucronate, or with a
short bristle at the tip ; superior valve bidentate.
76. CERATOCHLOA. Spikelets lanceolate, subancipi-
tal, many-flowered. Cal. shorter than the imbri-
cated florets. Inferior valve of the corolla com-
pressed, mucronate below the tip ; superior valve
somewhat conduplicate. Style 2 — 3-parted.
77. DIARRHENA. Cal. 2-valved, very unequal, 2—5-
flowered, rigid ; glumes acuminate, mucronate.
Cor. cartilaginous ; inferior valve entire, broader ;
superior valve much shorter, emarginate. Seed
coated, as long as the superior valve of the corolla.
Ned. ovate, ciliate.
78. DACTYLIS. Spikelets aggregated in an unilateral
head, many-flowered. Cal. shorter than the florets :
one of the glumes larger, carinate and pointed.
Inferior valve of the cor. carinate, emarginate, mu-
cronate ; superior valve somewhat conduplicate.
). Corolla more or less bifid, armed between the divisions,
a Utile below the tip.
TO. DANTHONIA. Cal. 2— 5-flowered, longer than the
florets ; glumes cuspidate. Cor. bearded at the
base ; inferior valve 2-toothed, with a twisted awn
between the teeth ; superior valve obtuse, entire.
:J,0. TRISETUM. Cal. 3 — 5-flowered, membranaceous
as long as the florets. Inferior valve of the corolla
with 2 bristle-form teeth at the tip, awned below the
division of the teeth.
'. I. BROMUS. Spikelets oblong, distichous, manyi
flowered. Cal. shorter than the florets. Inferior
valve of the corolla bind, with a bristle between the
teeth a little below the tip ; superior valve subcon-
iluplicate, ciliate.
4. Inferior valve of the corolla awned on the back.
IRRHENATHERUJf. Cal. membranaceous
flowered, rather shorter than the florets. Inferior
H TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
floret antheriferous : inferior valve 2-cleft, awned
below the middle. Superior floret perfect ; inferior
valve cleft, unarmed, or with a short awn a little
below the tip.
83. AVENA. Cal. membranaceous, many-flowered,
generally longer than the florets. Cor. mostly
bearded at the base : inferior valve bilaciniate, with
a twisted awn on the back. Seed coated.
84. AIRA. Cal. 2 — 3-flowered, longer than the florets.
Inferior valve of the Cor. eroded or many-toothed,
awned on the back below the middle.
b. Flowers spiked.
1. Calyx l-valved.
35. LOLIUM. Spikelets sessile on a rachis, many-flow-
ered. Calyx of 1 glume. Inferior valve of the
cor. herbaceo-membranaceous, mucronate, or with
a short bristle at the tip.
2. Calyx 2-valved.
SG. ELEUSINE. Spikes digitate, unilateral. Cal. mem-
branaceous^— 6-flowered ; glumes obtuse,unequal.
Cor. membranaceous, unequal, unarmed ; inferior
valve carinate, the superior concave on the back.
Seed triangular, transversely rugose.
87. TRITICUM. Spikelets sessile on the teeth of the
rachis, 3 — 4-ftowered ; the 2 inferior florets oppo-
site, fertile ; the upper ones often abortive. Glum.
broad, boat-shaped, mucronate or armed. Inferior
valve of the cor. terminating in a bristle ; superior
valve subconcluplicate.
38. AGROPYRON. Spikelets sessile on the teeth of
the rachis, 3 — 9-flowered. Glum, lanceolate,
carinate. Inferior valve of the cor. mucronate, or
terminating in a subulate bristle.
39. SECALE. Spikelets sessile on the teeth of the
rachis, 2 — 3-flowered ; the terminal floret abortive.
Cal. 2-valved ; glumes subulate, opposite, shorter
than the florets. Inferior valve of the Cor. terminat-
ing in a long bristle.
30. ELYMUS. Spikelets 2 or more at each joint of the
rachis^ — 9-flowered. Cr/ttm.(involacruHa) geminate.
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 33
subulate. Inferior valve of the Cor. entire, mucro*
nate, of with a short bristle at the tip.
* * Terminal florets abortive, or mere rudiments.
91. MELICA. Cal. 2 — 4-flowered,loose,membranaceous,
Florets as long as the glumes ; one or more of the
superior ones abortive and incomplete. Cor. un-
armed, coriaceo-membranaceous. Nect. connate,
Seed free.
92. ATHEROPOGON. Spikes in an unilateral raceme.
Cal. 2-valved, membranaceous, 2-flowered ; inferior
glume setiform. Perfect floret 2-valved ; inferior
valve 3-toothed, or 3-bristled ; superior valve bifid.
Abortive floret pedicellate, 2-valved, 3-bristled.
B. Flowers polygamous.
| Panicled.
93. PANICUM. Cal. 2-valved, 2-flowered ; the infe-
rior glume often very small. Florets dissimilar;
the lower one abortive or antheriferous, 1 — 2-valved ;
the inferior valve resembling in texture the glumes ;
superior membranaceous. Perfect floret with car-
tilaginous valves, unarmed.
34. HIEROCHLOA. Cal. 2-valved, 3-flowered ; glumes
scarious. Lateral florets antheriferous, triandrous.
Central floret perfect, diandrous, (rarely triandrous.)
15. HOLCUS. Cal. 2-flowered ; glumes membrana-
ceous, somewhat boat-shaped, mucronate. Florets
polygamous ; the inferior perfect, sessile, unarmed ;
superior antheriferous or neuter, pedicellate, awned
on the back near the middle.
1 1 Spiked.
* With an involucrum.
96. SETAR1A. Spikelets with an involucrum of 2 or
more bristles at the base Cal. 2-flowered ; glumes
unequal, herbaceous. Inferior floret abortive, 1 — 2-
valved, herbaceous. Superior floret perfect, with
cartilaginous glumes.
* * Without an involucrum.
DIGITARIA. Spikes linear, unilateral, generally
34 TRIANDRIA.— MONGOYNIA.
digitate or fasciculate. Spikelets by pairs, on shorJ
bifid pedicels. Cal. 1 — 2-valved, 2-flowered ; infe-
rior glume often inconspicuous. Inferior floret
abortive, 1-valved, herbaceous. Superior floret
perfect ; valves coriaceous.
98. ANDROPOGON. Spikelets by pairs, polygamous;
the inferior one abortive, (antheriferous or neuter,)
on a bearded pedicel ; glum, and cor. frequently
very minute or wanting. Superior spikelet sessile,
1 flowered, perfect; glumes subcoriaceous ; cor.
2-valved, shorter than the calyx, membranaceous ;
the inferior valve generally awned.
09. HORDEUM. Spikelets 3 at each joint of the
rachis, 1 -flowered, all perfect, or the lateral ones
abortive. Glum, lateral, subulate. — Perfect fl. :
Cor. 2-valved ; inferior valve terminating in a bris-
tle. Seed coated.
TRIGYNIA.
100. HOLOSTEUM. Cal. 5-leaved, coloured within.
Pet 5, 2-parted. Caps. I -celled, bursting at the
summit.
101. MOLLUGO. Cal. 5-leaved, coloured within,
Cor. 0. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved.
102. LECHEA. Cal 3-leaved. Pet. 3. Style 0 ; stig.
plumose. Caps, 3-celled, 3-valved, with as many
interior valves opposite the others ; cells 1-seeded.
103. PROSERPINACA. Cal. superior, 3-parted, per-
sistent. Cor. 0. Nut bony, triquetrous, 3-celled.
TRIANDRIA.
MOMOGYNIA.
25. FEDIA. Valerianae.
F. radiata : leaves spathulate-oblong, nearly entire ;
fruit pubescent, somewhat 4-sided, naked at the top.
HAB. In fields. May. ©. Stem dichotomous, mostly
erect ; fl. blue, infastigiate corymbs.
TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 3*
26. IRIS. Flag. Flower-de-lace. Iridece.
i. I. versicolor: flowers beardless; stem terete, more
or less flexuous ; germen somewhat triangular ;
leaves ensiform.
et. sulcata : stem slightly compressed ; interior petals
longer than the stigmas ; germen with the angles
distinctly sulcate ; the sides concave ; capsule
oblong, ventricose ; angles indistinctly furrowed.
/3. communis : stem erect, distinctly flexuous ; leaves
narrow-ensiform ; interior petals a little shorter
than the stigmas ; angles of the germen not grooved
when young ; sides deeply concave ; capsule cylin-
drical-oblong.
HAB. In water. May — June. If.. Root large, creeping ;
2 — 3 ft. high ; ft. blue, variegated with yell.
9. I. virginica ; flowers beardless ; stem solid, terete ;
leaves very long and narrow ; capsule elongated,
prismatic, acute at each end.
HAB. Swamps. June. %.Stem 3— 5ft. high, slender;
leav. half an in. broad ; angles of the germ, deeply
grooved.
>. I. lacustris: flowers without a bearded crest; leaves
ensiform, much longer than the 1 -flowered scape ;
petals nearly equal, attenuated on the tube ; capsule
turbinate, 3-sided, margined ; roots tuberous.
HAB. Gravelly shores of 1. ikes. June. Leaves 3-5 in.
long; scape very short, compressed ; pet. emarginate.
27. LACHNANTHES. Hcemodoracece.
\a. tinctoria.
HAB. Sandy swamps, in pine barrens. July. %. Root
red, fibrous ; stem 2-ft. high simple, woolly above ; ft.
corymbose, woolly, yellow within.
28. COMMELINA. Day-flower. Commelinece.
V. C. angustifolia : assurgent, slender, rather smooth;
petals unequal, (one very minute ;) leaves linear-
lanceolate ; bracts peduncled, short-cordate.
li VB. Borders of swamps. June. V-. Leaves sheathing,
riliate at the throat ; bracts subfalcate ; ft. blue :
fertile stam. 2.
' '. virginica : petals nearly equal ; stem erect, a little
36 TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
pubescent ; leaves long-lanceolate, subpetiolate ;
throat bearded.
HAB. Shady woods. July. If.. Stem 2 ft. high ; leave?
sometimes ovate-lanceolate ; fertile stam. 3.
29. XYRIS. Yellow-eyed grass. Juncea.
1. X. caroliniana : leaves linear, grass-like; scape
ancipitous ; head ovate, rather acute ; scales round.
HAB. Swamps, and wet sandy places. July — Aug. 2/.
Scape erect simple, 1 ft. high ; fi. yell, in a small
scaly head.
3. X. brevifolia : leaves subulate-ensiform, short ; head
nearly globose ; interior valves of the calyx shorter
than the exterior, slightly notched.
HAB. Wet places. V-. Scape 12 — 18 in. high, com-
pressed above ; leaves twisted.
30. SC HOLLER A. Narcissi.
S. graminea.
HAB. In flowing water. July — Aug. 2{. Floating;
stem slender, dichotomous ; leaves gramineous ; fi .
small, yellow, solitary; stam. 4, one of them abortive.
3 1 . HETERANTHERA. JVarcissi.
H. reniformis : leaves orbicular-reniform ; spath
oblong, acuminate, 2 — 3-flowered.
HAB. Overflowed banks of rivers. July — Aug. V-.
Stem portly floating ; leaves petiolate ; fi. white,
evanescent.
32. SISYRINCHIUM. Blue-eyed grass. Index.
i. S.anceps: scape ancipitous, winged, simple, nearly
leafless ; spath about 4-flowered, unequal, shorter
than the flowers ; petals mucronate.
HAB. In wet meadows. May — June. %. Stem slender:
leaves grass-like ; fl. small, blue ; caps, globose.
*. S. mucronatum : scape simple, winged ; scape colour-
ed ; one of the valves extended into a long marces-
cent point.
HAB. In sandy fields. June — July. Ccspitose: spath
unequal, coloured ; fi. blue.
TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 31
33. KYLLINGIA. Cyperoidece.
K. monocephala : stem filiform, 3-angled ; head
globose, sessile ; involucrum 3-leaved, very long.
HAB. — If. Root creeping; clum 3-12 in, high;
head solitary.
34. SCIRPUS. Club-rush. Cyperoidece.
* Seed surrounded with bristles at the base.
t Style articulated to the seed; base dilated and persistent
Seed often lenticular. [Spike solitary.)
%. S. tenuis: culm very slender, quadrangular; spike
elliptical, acute at each end ; glumes Ovate, obtuse ;
stamens 3 ; style 3-cleft ; seed rugose.
HAB, Wet places. July — Aug. U • Culmnaked, 8 — 12
in. high ; head brown; bristles 2-3, sometimes wanting.
2. S. glaucus : culm many-angled, glaucous ; spike ovate.
acute ; glumes ovate, obtuse, or emarginate ; stamens
3 ; style 2-cleft.
HAB. Borders of salt marshes. July. U . Culm slender,
lft. high; spike brownish ; bristles 4.
3. S. palustris : culm terete, inflated ; spike oblong-
lanceolate ; glumes somewhat obtuse ; seed roundish,
punctate and rugose ; bristles scabrous.
HAB. Wet places. June. If. Cespitose ; culm 1-2
ft. high, sheathed at the base, leafless; seed crowned
with a conical tubercle.
■♦ S. capitatus : stem terete, or somewhat compressed :
spike ovate, obtuse ; seed oval, compressed, smooth.
HAB. Wet places. July — Aug. If. Cespitose ; culm
attenuated below the spike ; spike often globose ; bris-
tles 6.
>. S. acicularis : culm setaceous, quadrangular ; spike
ovate, acute, 3 — 6-flowered ; glumes somewhat ob-
tuse ; stamens 3 ; style bifid ; seed obovate.
HAB. Border of ponds. June — July. If. Culm
almost hair-like ; inf. glume empty , large ; seed stri-
ate; bristles 4.
f}. S. pusillus : culm compressed and a little angular;
spike ovate, compressed ; seed obovate ; stamen*
Btyle 2— 3-cleft.
D
33 TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA,
HAB. In salt marshes. July — Aug. If. An inch high,
growing in patches, like moss.
7. S. intermedins: culms cespitose, quadrangular, sul-
cate ; spike ovate-oblong, acute ; glumes rather
acute ; stamens 3 ; style 2-cleft ; seed broad-obo-
vate, compressed ; tubercle distinct.
HAB. Muddy banks of rivers. Sept. If . Ascending,
3 — 4 in, high ; bristles 6 ; tubercle very minute.
8. £. planifolius : culm triquetrous ; radical leaves flat;
nearly equalling the culm ; spike terminal, oblong,
compressed, shorter than the cuspidate bracts at the
base.
HAB. Begs and wet woods. May — June. If. Cespi-
tose ; leaves carinate ; spike 6-Jl. yellowish ; inf.
glumes very large, hracte.iform.
9. S. subterminalis : culm floating, sulcate, inflated, leafy
below ; spike solitary, somewhat terminal, lanceo-
late ; style 2-cleft ; seed triquetrous.
HAB. Ponds and rivulets. Aug. If. Whole plant,
except the spike, under water ; culm, when dry, much
roughened by the contracting medulla ; leaves chan-
nelled.
10. S. cespitosus, /3. callosus : culm cespitose, terete ;
spike ovate, few-flowered ; glumes thickened and
cartilaginous at the tips ; the inferior ones bractei-
form, as long as the spike ; sheaths with rudiments
of leaves.
HAB. On high mountains. July. If . A span high ;
culm with imbricated sheaths at the base ; spikes yel-
lowish ; bristles 6.
t t Style filiform , not bearded, deciduous.
11. S. americanus: culm nearly naked, triquetrous;
sides concave ; spikes lateral, (1 — 5,) ovate, con-
glomerate, sessile ; glumes round-ovate, mucro-
nate ; seed triquetrous, acuminate.
HAB. In salt marshes, and on the banks of rivers,
July— Aug. U . Culm 3-5 feet high, sometimes leafy
at base.
12. S. debilis: culms cespitose, deeply striate ; spikes
about 3, lateral, ovate, sessile ; glumes ovate,
obtuse, mucronate.
TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 39
IIAB. Borders of ponds. Aug. — Sept. 2J. A foot
high; leaves few, subulate; spikes turgid; seed
obovate ; bristles 4 — 5.
13. S. lacustris: culm terete, attenuated above, naked ;
panicle subterminal ; spikes peduncled, ovate.
HAB. Ponds and river marshes. June. If.. Culm
4 — 8 ft. high , sheathed at the base ; spike subpani-
tied ; glum, ovate, subpubescent ; seed obovate.
14. S. acutus: culm terete, (not attenuated,) spotted ;
peduncles numerous, sublateral ; spikes oblong ;
glumes pubescent, mucronate.
HAB. Ponds and wet swamps. June — July. If.
Culm 4 ft. high, with oblong brown spots ; panicle
proliferous ; glum, dilated, carinate.
\h. S. atrovirens: culm triangular, leafy ; cyme termi-
nal, compound, proliferous ; involucrum 3-leaved ;
spikes conglomerate, ovate, acute ; glumes ovate.
mucronate, pubescent.
HAB. Wet meadows. June— July. If. Culm obtusely
triang. 2 ft. high ; involuc. long ; .spikes dark green,
in heads of 10 — 12.
16. S. brunneus: culm leafy, obtusely triangular ; cyme
decompound ; involucrum 3 — 4-leaved ; spike
round-ovate, clustered in about sixes ; glumes
ovate, obtuse.
HAB. In water. Aug.— Sept. If. Culm 2— 3ft.
high ; leaves long ; spike brow?i ; seed longer thai,
the bristles.
17. S. tnacrostachyos : culm triquetrous, leafy ; corymb
clustered ; involucrum about 3-leaved, very long ;.
spikes oblong ; glumes ovate. 3-cleft ; the middle
segment sububite and reflexed ; style 3-cleft.
HAB. In salt marshes and ditches. July — Aug. If.
Culm 3 — Aft. high ; spikes 6 — 10, very large.
Style filiform, deciduous. Bristles much longer than
the seed.
10. S. Eriophorum : culm obtusely triangular, le;m
pimicle decompound, proliferous, nodding ; spikes
all pedunculate ; bristles surrounding the seed
exserted.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. If. Culm 4—5 ft. high ; in-
40 TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA,
voluc. leafy, very long; panic, much divided ; spike*
small, ovate, woolly when ripe.
19. S. lineatus: culm triquetrous, leafy ; panicle termi-
nal and lateral, decompound, at length nodding ;
involucrum 1 — 2-leaved ; spikes ovate ; glumes
lanceolate, somewhat carinate ; bristles longer
than the seed.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. If.. Culm 2— 3 ft. high; leaves
subdistichous ; pan. at first erect; bristles inter*
woven.
* * Seed naked at the base.
f Style simple at the base, not articulated to the seed,
deciduous.
•0. S. subsquarrosus : culm triquetrous, nearly naked,
incurved ; spikes 3, nearly terminal, ovate ; glumes
somewhat squarrose at the tip ; involucrum 2-
leaved, very long, unequal.
HAB. Banks of rivers. Aug.©? Cespitose, about
2 in. high, almost setaceous; spikes turgid, crowded ,-
glum, ovate, carinate.
21 . S. capillaris : culm nearly naked, triquetrous, ca-
pillary ; spikes ovate ; 2-3 of them pedunculate,
with an intermediate sessile one.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. © ? A span high, cespi-
tose ; leaves setaceous, short, serrulate ; spikes
brownish, subumbellate.
22. S. autumnalis: culm compressed, ancipitous ; umbel
compound ; involucrum 2-leaved ; spikes lanceo-
late, acute, somewhat 4-sided.
HAB. Boggy grounds. July — Oct. If. Culm 8-12
in. high ; leaves long ; umbel loose ; glumes ovate f
mucronate, carinate.
\ j Style bulbous and compressed at the base, ciliate on the
margin.
23. S. ferrugineus: culm compressed, scabrous above ;
involucrum unequally ciliate ; spikes lanceolate,
acute, nearly terete ; glumes pubescent.
HAB. In wet or dry situations. Aug. Culm 2 in.
— 2 ft. high ; leaves channelled, long ; umbel mostly
simple, with elongated rays; spikes brown.
TRrANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 4 1
M. S. spadiceus: culm compressed, nearly naked ; um-
bel terminal ; involucrum rigid, 2-leaved, one of
the leaves longer than the umbel ; leaves subterete :
spikes ovate-oblong, terete.
IIAEL Salt marshes. Aug. If.. Cespitose, tenacious :
2 ft. high ; culm compressed above; spikes sub-
eylind.y brown.
35. SCHOENUS, Bog-rush-. Cyperoidew.
S. mariscoides : culm terete, or a little sulcate,
leafy ; leaves channelled, semiterete ;- umbel
terminal ; fascicles of spikes 8 on each peduncle .
seed naked, rounded at the base.
I1AB. Bogs. July. V-. Culm 2 ft. high; fascic.
about 12-spiked ; spikelets lanceolate ; glum, ovate.
3G. RHYNCHOSPORA. Cyperoidew.
1. R. alba : spikes in corymbose fascicles ; culm trian-
gular above ; leaves setaceous ; seed somewhai
lenticular ; bristles about 10.
11AB. Bogs and swamps July — Sept. If. Fasc.
axill. and terminal, bracteatc ; glum, white ; seed sub-
stipitate.
I. li.fusca: culm triquetrous ; leaves linear, carinate ,
fascicles of spikes alternate, pedunculate ,\ spikes
ovate ; glumes ovate, brown ;. seed ovate, with an-
acute black tubercle.
H.AB. Bogs. If. Culm 2 ft. high; glum, mucronate
seed brown, rugose.
>. R. glomerata : spikes in corymbose fascicles, very-
distant, by pairs ; culm obtusely triangular ; leaves
flat ; seed obovate-cuneiform, very smooth, as long
as the tubercle.
1IAB. Swamps and bogs. July — Sept. Culm leafy,
leav. carinate; spik. lat. and-tp.rm. : glum, brown,.
f. R. capillacca • spikes 3. — 5, nearly terminal ; culm
triquetrous, somewhat leafy ; leaves setaceous ;
seed stipitate, a little rugose.
HYB.. Sandy swamps. July. If. Jl span high,
glum, brown ; bristles 6, longer than the seed.
i. R. sparsa: culm triquetrous, leafy ; corymbs axillary
and terminal, compound, loose 1 peduncles capillary ,
ft 2
\i TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYN! A,
seed obovate, rugose, much longer than the tu-
bercle. •
HAB. Bogs. July 1/. Panicles spreading ; the upper
one larger ; glum, brown ; seed white.
u. R. cymosa: culm triquetrous, leafy ; cymes terminal
and axillary ; the terminal one much larger ; seed
round-ovate, compressed, transversely rugose ; tu-
bercle conical.
HAB. Swamps. July. If. A foot or 18 in. high;
involucr. long, 2 — 3-leaved ; tubercle white ; bristles
short.
7. R. laxa: culm triquetrous ; corymbs leafy, decom*
pound,loose ; spikes subulate ; seed obovate, pointed
with the long persistent style.
HAB. River swamps. July. If. Culm 3-6 ft. high;
corymbs very large.
37. MARISCUS. Cyperoidece*.
, M. r etrofr actus : umbel simple; rays long ; spikes
obovate, retro rsely imbricate ; spikelets subulate,
at length bent backward ; involucrum 3-leaved.
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. — Sept. If . Culm nearly
naked, pubescent; umb. 6 — 8 rayed.
\ M. ovularis : umbel simple ; rays short ; spikes
globose ; flowers spreading.
HAB. Boggy grounds. July — Aug. If. Root bul-
bous; culm 6-18 in. high; spikes 3-5-1 ; middh
one sessile.
j3. tenellus: culm acutely triangular, slender ; invo-
lucrum 3 — 5-leaved ; 3 of the leaves many times
longer than the umbel.
HAB. Sea-coast. Aug. A foot high; heads of 10-
1 2 spikelets. .
38: . DULICHIUM. Cyperoideaz.
O.spathaceum: culm terete; leaves spreading in
3 directions ; spikelets spreading.
HAB. Wet places. Aug. — Sept. U. Culm very leafy,
terete below ; ochrece cylind. ; racemes axillary.
39. CYPERUS. Cyprus-grass. Cyperoideaz.
\. C. infieccus: umbel 2 — 3-rayed, or conglomerate and
simple ; involucrum 3-leaved, very long ; spikeletsv
" ¥ RIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 43
collected into ovate heads, oblong, 8-flowered ;[
glumes squarrose at the tip.
HAB. Banks of rivers. Aug. — Sept. £ ? 2 — 3 in.
high ; odorous ; heads many-Jl. ; glum, striate, yellow-
ish.
8, C. flavescens : spikes linear-lanceolate, in fascicles oi
3 — 4; glumes obtuse ; style 2-cleft ; seed lenticular ;
involucrum 3-leaved, longer than the spikes.
HAB. Boggy grounds. Aug. — Sept. y . A span
high ; spikelets 14-20-Jl., yellowish.
3. C. Kuttallii: culm acutely triangular ; umbel radiate,
or nearly sessile, loose ; rays short ; involucrum
4-leaved ; 2 of the leaves very long ; spikelets
linear-lanceolate, compressed, acute ; stamens 2 :
style 2-cleft ; seed oblong, obtuse, compressed.
HAB. Borders of salt-marshes. Aug. — Sept. U .
Cespitose, 5-12 in. high ; spik. very acute; glum.
green and brown ; seed smooth.
\. C. diandrus : culm slender, obtusely triangulav, ;
umbel sessile, or 1 — 2-rayed ; involucrum 3-leaved ;
2 of the leaves much longer than the umbel ;
spikelets lanceolate-oblong, much compressed,
many-flowered (14-16 ;) glumes margined, rather
acute, keeled; stamens 2; style 2-cleft; seed oval*
compressed.
HAB. Salt marshes. Sept. U.. Culm weak, not ces-
pitose ; glum, much compressed, with a brown mar-
gin.
>. C. dentalus: umbel compound, (6-10 rayed;) invor
lucrum 3-leaved, longer than the umbel ; spikelets
3 on each ray, alternate, ovate, compressed, 8-
flowered ; glumes acute, nervose, spreading at the
points ; seed triquetrous.
1JAB. Banks of rivers and sandy swamps. Sept. U .
Root tub. ; spik. appearing dentate, brownish ; some-
times viviparous.
•i. C. erythrorhizos : umbel decompound; involucrum
3-6-leaved, very long; spikes alternate, linear,
horizontal, about 12-flowered, nearly terete ; style
3-cleft ; seed triquetrous.
HAB. Wet places. Aug. — Sept. y. . Root fib. red.
partial umb. naked ; spik. at length terete.
itrigom : spikelets linear, compressed, acute',
14 TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYXIA.
alternate ; glumes lanceolate, nervose ; umbel sim
pie, or compound ; involucrum about 6-leaved.
pubescent on the margin ; root globose.
HAB. Wet grounds. Aug.— Sept. % . 1 — 2 ft. high:
umb. ochreate; spik. 10-12 fi. yellowish.
3. C. tenuis: spikes lanceolate, acute, 10-1 7-flowered ;
umbel simple ; involucrum 3-4-leaved, longer than
the rays ; root tuberous.
HAB. Culm a span high, slender; spik. yellow ; glum.
nervose.
9. C. phymatodes : umbel simple or decompound ; invo
lucrum 3-9-leaved ; 3 of the leaves very long .
peduncles compressed ; spikelets distichous, linear,
the lower one branched, about 15-flowered; sidet
rather convex ; glumes oblong, obtuse ; radicles
tuberous at the extremity.
HAB. Wet sand}r places. Aug. U . Root creeping ;
leav. mostly rad. spreading, carinate ; umb. ochreate.
)0. C. compressus : spikes digitate, somewhat by fours ;
lanceolate ; glumes mucronate, broad, membrana-
ceous.
HAB. Low meadows. U • Culm 3-8 in. high,ob-
(us. triang. ; spik. subsessile, 1 6-27 fi.
iJ. 0. virens : culm acutely triangular ; umbels decom
pound ; spikelets ovate-lanceolate, in compact
heads ; involucrum very long.
HAB. Wet meadows and woods. %. 1 — 2 ft. high :
spik. 16-fi., laterally compressed ; glum, acute.
12. C. mariscoides : umbel simple, or with 1 — 2 rays i
spikelets collected into globose heads, linear,. 7 —
8-flowered ; glumes loose, obtuse.
HAB. In dry situations.. July — Sept. If. Root
tub. ; culm 8 — 1 2 in. long ; head sometimes solitary ,
spik. atfirst terete.
3 C. odoraius : spikelets corymbed, subulate, remote,
distichous ; glumes somewhat distant ; smaller
umbels spreading widely, about the length of then
involucels.
HAB. Banks of rivers. -f-«
1 1, C. flavicomis: culm triquetrous ; umbel compound
spikes linear-lanceolate, 7-flowered ; glumes ov:
tuse ; involucrum very long, reflexed.
TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 43
HAB. Boggy woods. If.. Involucr. 5-leav.; spike-
lets distichous, compressed, yellowish; seed black.
40. ERIOPHORUM. Cotton-grass. Cyperoideae.
* Spike solitary*
1. E. alpinum: culm triquetrous, somewhat scabrous,
naked ; leaves very short, subulate, ; spike oblong ;
woolly hairs crisped, few.
HAB. High mountains and bogs. July. If. Culm
8; — 10 in. high, sheathed; glum, oblong-lanc. : hairs
white, very long.
2. E. vaginatum: culm terete below, obtusely triangu-
lar above, smooth and rigid ; sheaths inflated ; spike
oblong-ovate ; glumes scarious ; wool straight,
dense.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. July. If. Cespitose, a
foot high ; leaves numerous ; glum, livid ; wool
white.
* * Spikes numerous.
3. E. polystachyon : leaves flat, triquetrous at the ex-
tremity ; culm nearly terete ; spikes on scabrous
peduncles, nodding.
HAB. Swamps. July. If. Culm 1 — 2ft. high, leafy :
leav. very long; spik. 9 — 12, subterm. ; wool white
or reddish.
\, E. virginieum: culm nearly terete below, obtusely
triangular above ; leaves flat, very long ; spike?
clustered, erect, nearly sessile,; involucrum 2 — 3-
leaved.
HAB. Swamps. July. Culm 2 — 4 ft. high; spik.
ovate, somewhat umbelled ; wool reddish.
/3. gracile: culm very slender ; leaves almost filiform.
HAB. Cedar swamps. Aug.
'». E. angustifolium : culm somewhat triangular ; leaves
channelled and triquetrous ; peduncles very smooth.
HAB. Wet meadows. If-. A foot or more high ,
leav. very narrow ; spik. 3 — 5 ; wool white.
41. FUIRENA. Cyperoidece.
P. squarrosa : spikes clustered, (5 — 6) ovate ; culm
smooth ; leaves ciliate ; sheaths hairy ; valves ol
ihe corolla cordate-ovate.
fg TRIANDRIA.— x¥ONOGYNIA.
HAB. Bog-meadows. Aug. If. A foot and ahalj
high, angul. ; leav. pubesc. ; spik. lateral and term. ;
brist. 3—4.
Q. pumila : culm pubescent above ; leaves smooth ;
throat of the sheaths hairy ; spikes 1 — 3, terminal.
HAB. Wet sandy places. Aug. Culm 3 — 6 in. high ;
spikes mostly 3 ; pet. ovate-lanceol. ; brist. 3 — 4.
42. CENCHRUS. Burr-grass. Graminece.
C. echinatus : spike with the flowers approximated ;
involucrum subglobose, villose; culm compressed.
HAB. Sandy arid soils. Aug. 0. Erect, or pro-
cumb., 1 — 2 ft. long; involucrum spiny , cartilagi-
nous.
(3. tribuloides : spikes and margin of the sheaths white,
pubescent.
HAB. Sea-coast and near salt-water. Aug. 0. A
foot high ; leav. eonduplicate ; rachis and involucr.
very white.
43. SPARTINA. Marsh-grass. Graminece.
I. S. cynosuroides : spikes numerous, (10 — 40,) pedun-
culate, panicled, spreading; leaves broad, flat, at
length convolute ; calyx with a short awn on one
of the glumes ; style 2-cleft at the summit.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. ^. 4— 9 ft. high; leaves
2 — 4 ft. long ; fl. closely imbricate ; style bifid.
i. S. juncea : leaves distichous, convolute, spreading ;
spikes few, 1 — 3, pedunculate ; peduncles smooth ;
corolla rather obtuse ; styles 2.
HAB. Sea coast, and gait marshes. July — Aug. il .
Root creeping ; culm 18 in high, slender, rigid; cal.
very unequal ; anth. purple.
\. S. glabra: leaves concave, erect ; spikes alternate,
sessile, erect, appressed ; corolla nearly smooth on
the keel ; style cleft about half way down.
HAB. Borders of salt-marshes. Aug. — Sept. U
Very smooth, 3—5 ft. high ; spikes 8 — 14; anth.
yellow.
44. ORYZOPSIS. Graminece.
0. asperifolia : culm nearly naked ; leaves erect
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 47
rigid, pungent at the point ; flowers in a racemose
panicle.
IIAB. Mountain meadows. Apr. — May. U . Culm
18 in. high; rad. leaves long ; culm leaves few, very
short; pan. very simple; cor. white, hairy ; seed
large, white.
DIGYNIA.
45. LEERSIA. Rice-grass.
L. virginica : panicle simple ; the lower branches
diffuse ; flowers appressed, monandrous, sparingly
ciliate on the keel.
HAB. Wet woods and swamps. Aug. lj. . Culm 2 — 4
ft.high,genicul.; sheaths scabr. ; flowers clasping
the pedicels, punctate.
L. oryzoides : panicle diffuse, sheathed at the base ;
flowers triandrous, spreading ; keel of the glumes
conspicuously ciliate.
HAB. Ditches and swamps. Aug. — Sept. U . Culm
3 — 5 ft. high ; leav. and sheaths very scabr. ; fl.
whitish,
46. PASPALUM.
P. cilidtifolium : culm decumbent ; leaves hairy anol
ciliate; sheath hairy; spikes 1 — 2, rather loose,
indistinctly 3- rowed.
IIAB. Sandy fields. Sept. 4. Afoot and a half
long, simple; term. spik. on a long pedunc. ; jl.
plano-convex , on bifid pedicels ; rack. flex.
P. setacevm : culm erect ; leaves and sheaths villose .
spike generally solitary ; flowers in 2 rows.
HAB. Sandy fields. Sept. U. Culm \— '2 ft. high
simple ; rachis convex on the back.
. P. lave: erect, very smooth ; leaves short; spike*-
numerous, (3—6,) alternate ; flowers 2-rowed,
-inuoth.
HAB. Banks of rivers. Sept.— Oct. u. • 2 ft. high ,
lea*t$ broad-linear ; spik. a Utile spreading; pedi-
fj \-jl. subovate, large.
. r itoloniferum : Bpikes in elongated racemes, -onv
*8 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYN1A.
what verticillate,spreading ; flowers serrulate ciliate,
transversely rugose ; leaves short, subcordate j
culm procumbent at base.
HAB. Cedar swamps. July— Aug. U . Stoloniferous ;
spik. 3—50^. ; fi. alternate.
47. MILIUM. Millet-grass.
4. M. effusum: panicle diffuse, compound; branches
horizontal ; glumes ovate, very obtuse ; corolla
awnless, smooth and shining ; leaves broad-linear.
HAB. Woods. July. U . 5—8/*. high, smooth;
panic, alternate, loose.
3. M. amphicarpon : leaves linear-lanceolate, hairy,
ciliate ; panicle simple, contracted, bearing perfect
flowers ; fertile flowers in solitary, elongated, radi-
cal scapes at length subterraneous.
HAB. Sandy swamps. Aug. — Sept. % . Cespitoser
1 — 2 ft. high, assurgent ; panic, appress., rad.fi. at
length ventricose ; glum, acuminate.
3. M. pungens : culm erect ; leaves lanceolate, very
short, pungent, at length involute ; panicle con-
tracted ; branches generally by pairs, 2-flowered j
flowers awnless, ovate ; corolla hairy.
HAB. Rocky hills. May. % . 12— 18 in. high, ri-
gid ; culm leaves very short; panic, few -fi. ; style
2-parted ; nect. lanceolate.
48. PIPTATHERUM.
P. nigrum: panicle simple ; flowers racemose, ovate-
lanceolate ; corolla black, hairy ; awn as long again
as the valves.
HAB. Mountains and rocky places. Aug. 1J. . Culm
2 — 3 ft. high, leafy; panic, few-fl.fiexuous ; nect.
ovate-lanceolate.
49. STIPA. Feather-grass.
S. avenucea : leaves setaceous ; panicle spreading.
somewhat secund ; branches mostly by pairs, a
little divided ; calyx as long as the seed ; awn
naked.
HAB. Sandy woods. June. ii . 2-ft. high ; leaves
mostly rad. narrow ; cor. stipit. brownish : awn 2 — -
3 in. long.
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 1 9
50. ARISTIDA,
A. dichotoma : cespitose ; culm dichotomous ; flowers
racemose-spiked ; lateral awns very short ; the in-
termediate one contorted.
HAB. Fields and dry hills. Sept. 0. 8— 12 in
high, slender; cor. l-vahed ; lat. awns straight.
A. striata : culm and leaves straight, erect ; leaves pu-
bescent ; raceme long, somewhat spiked, crowded :
awns twice as long as the corolla, spreading.
HAB. Sandy soils, y. . Cespitose,2 — oft. high ; /car.
long, convolute at the extrem. ; cor, hairy at base.
A. purpuracens : culm filiform, erect, simple ; leaves
very narrow, flat ; flowers in a long spiked panicle ;
awns nearly equal, twice the length of the corolla,
divaricate.
HAB. Sandy fields and woods. Sept. — Oct. U . 2 ft.
high; leav. filiform at the ext. ; panic. many-fi.>
purple.
51. MUHLENBERGIA.
M. diffusa: culm diffuse, (decumbent;) leaves linear-
lanceolate ; panicle branched, appressed ; awns as
long as the corolla.
HAB. Dry hills and fields. Aug. — Sept. U . Culm
genie, slender; pan. lat. and term.; cal. scarcely
apparent.
52. TRICHODIUM.
T. laxijlorum : culm erect; leaves setaceous, ami
with the sheaths somewhat scabrous ; panicle dif-
fuse, capillary, with Irichotomous branches ; calyx
unequal.
HAB. Dry swnmps and fields. May — June. 11. Jifool
and a half high, filif. ; pun. at length pyramidal,
purplish.
T, scobrum: culm geniculate at the base, assurgent.
branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, flat, striate, sca-
brou : sheaths mostly smooth ; panicle verticillate
and divaricate ; calyx unequal ; corolla ovate, acute.
'■-iH'i ved.
Dry wgods. Aug.— Sept. )J . 12—18 in.
E
50 TR1ANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
leaves broad, pale green; panic, concealed at (he
base.
3. T. elatum: culm erect, firm ; leaves narrow-linear,
flat, scabrous ; sheaths smooth ; panicle verticillate
a little spreading ; glumes nearly equal.
HAB. Sanrly swamps. Aug. % . Cespitose,3ft.high,
firm; panic, purp. ; cor. shorter than the calyx.
4. T. montanum: culm cespitose, erect ; leaves invo-
lute, filiform, and as well as the sheaths, scabrous ;
panicle capillary, loose, a little spreading ; glume?
equal.
HAB. Mountains. July. %. 8—12 in. high, filiform .
panic, elongated, semiverticill., flex, hispid; glum,
nerveless ; cor. longer than the calyx.
53. AGROST1S. Bent-grass.
1. A. stricta : panicle elongated, straight ; calyx equal :
corolla smaller than the calyx ; valves unequal, with
an awn at the base of the inferior valve, longer thai.
the flower.
HAB. Fields. June. Culm erect, with black nodes;
awn twice as long as the flower.
'2. A. vulgaris ; branches of the panicle smooth ish, at
length divaricate ; inferior valve of the corolla 3-
nerved ; stipule very short and truncate.
HAB. Meadows and pastures. June — Aug. U . Root
creeping; culm 12 — 18 in. high; pan. capill. ; fl.
purp.
3. A. alba: branches of the panicle hispid, spreading,
loose ; inferior valve of the corolla 5-nerved ; sti-
pule oblong.
HAB. Fields and pastures. June — Aug. If.. Root
creeping ; culm assurgent, often sobolif ; panic, ca-
pillary.
4. A. lateriflora : culm erect, branched above, sobo-
liferous at the base ; panicles lateral and terminal,
contracted, dense ; calyx acuminate ; corolla short-
er than the calyx, equal, pubescent at the base,
awnless.
HAB. Swamps and wet meadows. Aug. — Sept. U .
Root creeping ; culm 2 ft. high, with swelling nvdcs
panicles spike form.
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 51
0. jiUformis : panicles very slender ; corolla nearly
equalling the calyx.
HAB. Swamps and wet places. Sept.
>. A. sobolifera ; culm erect, branched ; panicle con-
tracted, filiform, simple ; branches npprossed , co-
rolla longer than the equal calyx, hairy at the base ;
valves equal, awnless, mucronute at the tip.
HAB. Rocky hills and woods. Aug. — Sept. 4. . Culm
sobolif, sometimes deai'ib., 2 ft. high; nodes not
swelling.
•i. A. tenuijlora: culm nearly simple, pubescent about
the joints; branches (if any) appressed ; stipules
obsolete ; panicle contracted, filiform : corolla
longer than the calyx ; inferior valve with an awn
twice as long as the flower.
HAB. Rocky woods. July — Aug. y. . RoA creeping ;
culm 3 ft. high ; sheaths mostly pubescent.
',. A. sylvatica : culm erect, much branched, diffuse,
smooth ; stipules lacerate ; panicle filiform ; corolla
longer than the calyx ; awns three times as long as
the flower.
HAB. Rocky situations. Aug. 4- Root creeping;
culm 2 — 3ft. high ; sheaths open and smooth.
'. A. compresso : whole plant very smooth ; culm erect,
compressed, simple ; panicle oblong, subcontracted j
with capillary branches ; calyx equal, shorter than
the corolla, acute ; corolla rather obtuse, smooth at
the b
HAB. Sandy swamps. Sept. U . Root creeping ; culm
sobolif. ; leav. linear, long, compress. ; sheaths cari-
nate ; pan. pur p.
'. A. terotina: culm filiform, ranch compressed ; leaves
very narrow erect; panicle attenuate;
\ unequal, hall is the awnless corolla.
HAB. Sandy Bwamps. Sept. If. 12 — 18 in high;
leav. almost ft I if ; part, glem
JO. A. juncea: leaves straight and erect, convolutelji
taceous; panicle oblong pyramidal, vert icilla
flowers awnless ; calyx half the length of the co-
rolla.
HAB. Barren sandy places. Ort.y.. Culm 1 — 2 ft
hight terete ; Jl. purp. : cal. unequal; nect. oho-
ate.
» TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
11. A. virginica: culms numerous, procumbent at the
base, assurgent ; leaves subdistichous, involute,
rigid ; panicles lateral and terminal, spike-form ;
the lateral ones concealed ; calyx equal, about as
long as the corolla.
HAB. Sandy soils. Sept.— Oct. © ? A foot high ;
leav . hairy at base ; sheaths swelled ; stip.O; anth.
purp.
12. A. longifolia: panicle contracted, spiked, generally
concealed ; corolla much longer than the calyx,
subequal, smooth and spotless, without awns .;
leaves very long, filiform and recurved at the apex.
HAB. Sandy hills and fields. Sept.— Oct. If. Culm
2 — 4 ft. high; simple, terete; leaves 2 ft. long;
pan. sometimes exserted ; fl. compress.
13. A. clandestina: panicle spiked, partly concealed:
corolla unequal, much longer than the calyx, hairy
and spotted, slightly awned ; leaves very long.
HAB. Dry hills. Sept. H . Culm 2 ft. high, terete ;
pan. often sooty ; glum, carinate.
54. CINNA.
C. arundinacea : panicle large, capillary, loose ;
leaves broad-linear ; culm smooth.
HAB. Swamps and wet woods. Aug. — Sept. H
Culm 2—bft. high ; leav. pale green ; fl. green.
55. POLYPOGON.
P. racemosus : panicle dense, conglomerate, inter-
rupted ; bristles of the calyx scabrous ; corolla un-
armed, hairy at the base ; culm branched.
HAB. Bog-meadows. Aug.— Sept. If.. Culm 3— 4
ft. high, compress.; branch, appress. ; leav. flat :
pan. 2 in. long.
56. TRICHOCHLOA.
T. capillaris : leaves convolute, filiform, smooth;
panicle diffuse, capillary, very slender ; pedicels
longer than the awns ; awns 3—4 times the length
of the flower.
HAB. Sandy pine woods. Sept.— Oct. If. Cespi*
lose, 2 ft. high, slender; pan. long, purple, very
lender.
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 53
57. ARUNDO.
A. canadensis: panicle oblong, loose ; glumes sca-
brous, pubescent, as long as the corolla ; corolla
awned on the back ; hairs at the base equalling the
valves ; culm and leaves smooth.
HAB. Bog-meadows. Aug. If. Cnlm3—4ft.high,
mostly simple ; inf. sheaths pubesc. ; pan. purple.
A. coarctata: panicle somewhat spiked, conglomerate ;
calyx a little longer than the corolla, carinate ; co-
rolla longer than the pappus, awned a little below
the tip.
HAB. Bog-meadows. July — Aug. If.. Culm 3 — 5 ft.
high; pun. straight and erect, never spreading.
A. brevipilis: panicle diffuse, capillary; calyx un-
equal, shorter than the corolla, bearded at the base ;
corolla equal, awnless, hairy ; pappus very short.
HAB. Sandy swamps. Sept. If. Culm 3—4 ft. high,
terete ; pan. pyram. loose ; cal. hairy at base.
58. PSAMMA.
P. armaria : panicle spiked ; calyx acute ; corolla
three times as long as the pappus ; leaves involute.
HAB. Sea-coast. Aug. y.. Roots long, creeping;
culm 2 — 3 ft. high, rigid; pan. cylind. white ; fi.
compress.
59. CRYPSTS.
C. virginica : spike oblong-cylindrical, thick and
lobed ; culm procumbent and geniculate ; leaves at
length involute, rigid, pungent.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. — Oct. Culm branched,
spreading ; leav.flat, divaric. ; spik. lat. and term.
GO. ALOPECURUS. Fox-tail grass.
A. pratensis: culm erect, smooth ; spike cylindrical,
obtuse, lobed ; calyx ciliate, somewhat villose, con-
nate below the middle ; corolla as long as the
calyx.
HAB. Fie!. Is. June— July. If. Culm 2— 4 ft. high ;
leav.jlat; spik. 1 .! in. long; awn twice as long as
the flower ; sty I. connate.
niculutus : culm ascending, geniculate ; spik*
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
cylindrical ; glumes a little connate at the base;
hairy on the back and margin ; corolla truncate ;
styles free
HAB. Wet meadows. June, il . Root creeping;
culm IB in. high, rooting below ; awn as long again
as the corolla.
.3. aristulatus : awn scarcely exserted.
HAB. Wet meadows. June.
61. PHLEUxM. Cat's-tail grass.
P. pratense: spike cylindric, calyx mucronate-awned ;
keel ciliate ; awn shorter than the calyx ; culm
erect.
HAB. Fields and pastures. June — Aug. l|. . Culm
2 — 3 ft. high; leav. glauc, smooth ; anth. purp.
62. CYNODON. Bermuda-grass.
C. dactylon: culm creeping ; spikes digitate, (4 — 5,)
spreading ; keel of the calyx scabrous ; leaves hairy
on the margin and towards the base ; sheaths hairy.
HAB. Sandy soils. Aug. U . Root long, creeping ,
culm stolonif. ; leav. subdistich. ; spik. slender.
63. GYMNOPOGON.
G. racemosum.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. «. . Culm 1— 2 ft. high
assur gent, leafy ; leav. ovate-Ian., spreading, distich. :
pan. large, pyram. ; Jl. oppress., sess.
64. PHALARIS. Canary-grass.
P. americana : panicle oblong, spiked ; glumes boat-
shaped, serrulate ; corolla unequal ; rudiments hairy.
HAB. Bog-meadows. July. lj. . Culm 2 — 5 ft. high,
terete ; leaves broad-linear ; pan. a little spreading
when old.
P. canariensis : panicle subspiked, ovate ; calyx boat-
shaped, entire at the apex ; rudiments smooth.
HAB. Pastures. July.©. 18 m. high; sheaths in-
flated.
. ANTHOXANTHUM. Sweet-scented vernal-grass.
A. odoratum: spike ovate- oblong ; flowers pubes-
cent, subpeduncled, shorter than their awn=.
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 55
HAB. Meadows, dry woods, &c. May — Aug. ty .
Afoot high; leav. pubesc. ; pan. spiked ; seed black.
66. BRACHYELYTRUM.
B. aristatum.
HAB. Rocky hills. June — July, 1/. Root creeping ,
culm erect> simp., 2 — 3 ft. high ; pan. racemose ; awn>
twice as long as the fl.
61. PHRAGMITES. Reed-grass.
P. communis: calyx about 5-flowered ; florets longer
than the calyx.
HAB. Borders of ponds, and swamps. Aug. If.. Culm
6 — 12 ft. high, thick; leav. 1 — 2 in. broad; pan.
large nodding ; fl. silky.
68. GLYCERIA.
G. Jluitans : panicles secund, slightly branched ;
spikelets linear, terete, appressed, 8 — 12-flowered ;
florets very obtuse, 7-nerved ; leaves long, flat.
HAB. In water. June — July. 2£. Root creeping,
cidm 3 — 5 ft. high, compress., assurg. ; pan. long,
racemose.
G. acutiflora : panicle simple, elongated, appressed ;
spikelets linear, terete, 4 — 12-flowered ; florets
attenuate, acute, indistinctly nerved ; leaves short,
erect.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. Culm 2 — 4 ft. high,
subcompress. ; stip. elongat. ; pan. long, concealed at
the base.
69. UNIOLA. Spike-grass.
U. latifolia: leaves broad and flat; panicle loose,
nodding ; spikelets all on long peduncles ; florets
somewhat ialcate, monandrous ; the lowest one
abortive.
HAB. Mountains and rocky woods. Au<r. 1/. Culm
Aft. high ; pan. very large ; spik. an inch long, flat,
ovate.
I . gracilis : panicle elongated, racemose, appressed
spikelets 3-flowered ; florets spreading, straight,
monandrous; the lowest one abortive.
1 1 A 13 . Sandy swamps. Aug. 1^. Culm 3 — 1 ft. high,
S6 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
very slender; panic, with solitary branches; spik.
broad-cuneate ; anth. and stig. dark purple.
3, U. spicata: panicle spiked, straight ; leaves involute,
distichous, spreading ; spikelets 5 — 9-flowered ;
florets triandrous.
HAB. Salt-marshes, and on the sea-coast. Aug.—
Sept. If. Root long, creeping ; culm 12 — 18 in.
high ; spik. ovate, yellowish-green ; nect. obovate.
minute.
70. BRIZA. Quaking-grass.
B. media : panicle erect ; spikelets at length cordate,
about 7-flowered ; calyx smaller than the florets.
HAB. Meadows. May. If. Culm 1 Sin. high; stip.
obtuse ; panic, capill. ; spik. tumid, purplish ; cor.
nerveless.
71. POA. Meadow-grass.
1. P. annua: panicle subsecund, divaricate ; spikelets
ovate-oblong, 5-flowered ; florets free ; culm ob-
lique, compressed ; root fibrous.
HAB. Fields, pastures, &c. April— Aug. 0. Ces-
pitose, 6 — 8 in. long ; panic, rather crowded, at
length spreading ; cur. pubescent, b-nerved.
2. P. fasciculata : panicle expanding ; branches straight.
fasciculate, crowded ; spikelets oblong, 3-flowered ;
florets free ; calyx minute, unequal ; culm oblique,
terete ; root fasciculate.
HAB. Salt-marshes. Aug. If. Culm 1— 2 ft. high,
firm; panic, at first oppressed; spik. subracemose ;
cor. smooth.
.:. P. dentata : panicle loose, somewhat spreading :
branches capillary, virgate ; spikelets lanceolate, 5-
flowered ; calyx' free ; florets unequal ; inferior
glume obtuse, 3-nerved ; inferior valve of the co-
rolla 5-nervcd, 5-toothed at the apex when old.
HAB. Shady swamps. June— July. If. Root creep-
ing ; culm 3 ft. high; leav. and spik. pale green.;
pan. at first nodding.
4. P. aquatica j&. americana : panicle erect, semi-verti-
cillate, diffuse ; branches flexuous, smooth ; spike-
lets linear, 6 — 8-flowered ; florets ovate, obtuse,
free ; leaves broad-linear, and as well as the sheaths,
smooth.
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 57
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. %. Culm 4 — 5, thick,
leafy ; pan. very large, at first nodding ; spik. purp.
5. P. maritima : panicle branched, somewhat crowded ;
spikelets about 5-flowered, terete ; florets rather
obtuse, indistinctly 5-flowered ; root creeping.
HAB. Salt-marshes. June. If. A foot high ; leav.
involut. ; pan. erect, somewhat flexuous ; spik. linear,
purplish ; fi. woolly at base.
G. P. brevifolia : panicle loose ; branches in pairs, hori-
zontal ; calyx 3 — 4-flowered ; corolla pubescent ;
leaves very short; stipules, acuminate.
HAB. Mountains and woods. April. % . Culm 2 ft.
high, erect, and obliq. ; inf. leav. very short ; spike-
lets loose ; fl. distant.
7 P. pungens : culm compressed ; leaves very short,
cuspidate ; panicle somewhat simple, spreading ;
spikelets ovate, 3-4-flowered ; florets webbed,
rather obtuse, obscurely 5-toothed.
HAB. Rocky situations. April. 2£. Culm 18 in. high,
subancipit. ; culm leaves about 2, erect ; pan. semi-
verticil., capill.
3. P. pratensis : panicle diffuse ; upper leaves much
shorter than the smooth sheaths ; florets acute, 5-
nerved, webbed at the base ; stipule short, truncate ;
root creeping.
HAB. Meadows and pastures. May — July. y.. Pan,
pyramid. ; spik. ovate ; glum, unequal.
9, P. trivialis : panicle equal, diffuse, spikelets oblong-
ovate, about 3-flowered ; florets webbed at tht
base, 5-nerved ; culm sheaths roughish ; stipule ob-
long ; root creeping.
HAB. Moist meadows. June — Aug. If.. Culm 2-3 ft.
high, stolonif. ; pan. pyramidal; stipule elongated.
10. P. compressa: panicle contracted, somewhat secund ,
spikelets oblong, 3-6-flowered ; florets webbed ;
glumes nearly equal ; culm oblique, compressed ;
root creeping.
HAB. Fields and dry hills. June — July. If.. Culm a
foot high, assurgent ; leav. glauc. ; panicle sub-spiked.
3. sylvestris : panicle loose, spreading ; spikelets 8-3*
flowered ; culm slender, nearly erect.
IIAB. In dry woods. July.
58 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
11. P. serotina: panicle elongated, diffuse, at length
somewhat secund ; spikelets ovate-lanceolate, 2-
3-flowered ; florets a little webbed at the base,
yellow at the tip, obscurely 5-nerved ; root
creeping.
HAB. In wet meadows. June. If.. Culm 2-4 feet
high; pan. ap press, when young > cal. often 2 fl. ;
anth. yellow.
12. P. nemorafis: panicle attenuated, weak; branches
flexuous ; spikelets ovate, about 3-flowered ;
florets loose, slightly webbed, acute, obsoletely
nerved ; stipule almost wanting.
HAB. Rocky woods. July. If. Pale green; pan.
capillary ; florets at length distant.
13. P. nervata : panicle equal, diffuse ; branches weak,
and at length pendulous; spikelets 5-flowered;
florets free, conspicuously 7-nerved, obtuse.
HAB. In wet meadows and in ditches. June. ij. .
Culm 3-4 ft. high; pan. large, many-fl. ; spik.
ovate ;fl. deciduous ; slam, mostly 2.
J4. P. elongata: panicle elongated, racemose ; branches
solitary, appressed ; spikelets ovate, obtuse, tumid,
3-flowered ; florets free; stipule almost wanting.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — July. U. . Culm 3 feel
high, dark green ; pan. nodding ;fl. 5-nerved.
15. P. obtusa : panicle ovate* contracted ; spikelets
ovate, tumid, 5-7-flowered ; florets free ; glumes
scarious ; corolla ovate, smooth, obtuse ; inferior-
valve indistinctly 7-nerved ; leaves as long as the
culm, and with the sheaths smooth.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. — Sept. l* . Culm. 3-4 ft. high.
firm ; leav. long, dark green ; pan. dense, many-fl. :
spik. large.
10. P. canadensis : panicle large, eftuse ; spikelets semi-
verticillate, flexuous, at length pendulous ; spike*
lets ovate, tumid, 5-8-flowered ; florets free ; infe-
rior valve somewhat acute, 7-nerved ; superior
valve very obtuse ; stamens 2.
HAB. Swamps. July — Aug. y. . Culm 3-4//. high. ;
leav. long ; pan. at first pyramidal, at length much
spreading and pendulous.
17. P. capillaris : panicle very large, loose, expanding.
TR1ANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 59
capillary ; spikelets 3-flowered, ovate, acute ; flo-
rets free ; culm branched at the base ; leaves hairy,
HAB. Sandy fields, and dry hills. Aug. 0. Culm 12-
18 in. high, branch, at base; stip. bearded; pan.
pyramidal, branched, not hairy at the base.
18. P. hirsuta: culm erect, compressed, simple ; sheaths
hairy ; panicle very large, capillary ; branches
expanding, at length reflexed, bearded in the axils ;
spikelets oblong, about 5-flowered ; corolla ciliate
on the margin.
HAB. Sandy fields. July — Aug. U . Culm firm,
straight; leav. longer than the culm ;Jl. purplish.
3. spectabilis : spikelets linear, 10-15-tlowered.
HAB. Sandy fields on the sea-shore. Taller than the
preceding , spik. purp. -*- in. long.
19. P. pectinacea : culm cespitose, oblique ; leaves hairy
at the base ; panicle capillary, expanding, pyrami-
dal, hairy in the axils ; spikelets linear, 5 — 9-
flowered ; florets free, acute ; superior valve of
the corolla persistent.
1IAB. Sandy places — wet or dry. July — Aug. 0.
Culm 8-12 in. high, genie, or decumb. at the base ;
pan. large ; fl. purplish.
10. P. reptans : dioecious ; culm branched, creeping ,
panicle fascicled ; spikelets linear-lanceolate, 12-
20-flowered ; florets acuminate.
HAB. Swamps and river banks. July — Aug. 0.
Culm a span long, slender; leav. subulate ; pan. 1-
2 in. long ; glum, very acute.
'). Eragrostis : panicle equal, spreading; the lower
branches hairy in the axils ; spikelets linear-
lanceolate, 9-15-flcwered ; florets obtuse ; root
fibrous.
HAB. Sandy fields, July — Aug. 0. Culm ]V> in.
high, genie, at base ; spik. large ; lead-colour ; jl.
often verrucosc on the keel.
72. KCELERIA.
'■ . pennsyhanica : leaves flat, and with the sheaths
loftl) pubescent ; panicle oblong, slender, rathe;
loose; calyx 2-flowered; glumes nearly equal;
the inferior oblong, obtuse and slightly mucronutc. ;
superior ralve of the con >qs.
GO TRI ANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
HAB. woods. May— June U . Culm erect. 2 ft,
high, simple ;fl. shining,
i. K. truncata : leaves flat, smooth ; panicle oblong,
racemose ; calyx 2-flowered, with a third abortive
floret, unequal ; inferior glume a little scabrous,
obtuse ; corolla glabrous.
HAB. Dry woods. June If. Culm 2ft. high, slen*
der ; cal. very unequal ; inf. glum, obliquely trun-
cate.
p. jnajor : panicle large, a little spreading ; leaves
broad-linear, very long.
73. URALEPIS.
U. aristulata : lateral panicles concealed in the sheaths
of the leaves ; terminal ones partly exsert ; calyx
3-flowered ; bristle of the corolla as long as the
lateral cusps.
HAB. Sandy sea-shore, and in fields. Aug. 0.
Cespitose, procumb. at base; leaves subulate, pun-
gent, hairy ;fl. axill. and term., purple.
74. TRICUSPIS.
T. seslerioides : panicle expanding and flexuous :
spikelets all pedunculate, about 6-flowered, lanceo-
late ; inferior valve of the corolla ovate, 5-toothed.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. y. . Culm 4-5 ft. high,
erect, smooth ; pan. very large, purp. ; glum, une-
qual, ovate, mucronate.
75. FESTUCA. Fescue-grass.
J. F. Myurus : panicle slender, crowded, equal ; spike-
lets about 4-flowered ; florets subulate, awned.
hairy, monandrous.
HAB. Sandy soils. June © Culm 6-8 in. high,
genie, at base ; leav. subulate ; awn twice as long as
thejl.
I. F. tenella : panicle spiked, very simple, secund ;
spikelets mostly 9-flowered ; bristles shorter than
the subulate florets ; culm iilifiorm, angular above ;
leaves setaceous.
HAB. Sandy soils and on hills. June. 0. Culms
numerous, 8-14 in. high, straight: sheaths pubes-
cent ; cal. decid.
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 6 1
'-'», F. duriuscula : panicle secund, oblong, contracted ;
spikelets 5 — 6-flowered, nearly terete ; florets ter-
minated by short bristles ; root fibrous.
HAB. Fields and pastures. June. y.. Culm 12—18
in. high; leav. narrow; stam. 3.
4. F. rubra: panicle secund, erect, spreading; spike-
lets somewhat terete ; florets longer than the bris-
tle at their tips ; leaves, pubescent above ; root
creeping.
HAB. Dry soils. June. If.. Culm afoot and a half
high, erect, pubesc. ; leav. setaceous, very long;
glum, red after flowering .
5. P. elatior : panicle spreading, much branched, loose ;
spikelets ovate-lanceolate, 4 — 5-flowered ; florets
slightly armed ; leaves flat ; root creeping.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. If. Culm 3 — 4 ft. high,
terete, smooth; stip. very short ; pan. large, nodding
when old.
.:. F. pratensis : panicle spreading, branched ; spikelets
linear, many-flowered, acute ; leaves linear ; root
fibrous.
I1AB. Meadows and fields. June — July. %. Culm
1 — 2 ft. high, erect, smooth ; pan. subsecund, nearly
simple; spic. 7 — 8-jfl. ;fl. not mucronate.
T. F. nutans: panicle diffuse, at length nodding;
branches long, geminate, naked below ; spikelets
ovate, 3 — 5-flowered ; florets somewhat obtuse,
unarmed, nerveless.
HAB. Woods and shaded rocky places. June. If.
Culm oft. high, dark green ; stip. very short; pan.
few-Jl., scab. ; cor. coriaceous.
■ . P. fascicularis : culm procumbent, geniculate ; pani-
cle subsecund ; branches straight, spike-like ; spike-
lets appressed, 8 — 10-flowered; florets armed;
leaves very long.
\\'>. Meadows and sandy soils, near the sea. Aug. 0.
Culm much branch, from the base; leaves attcn. ; pan.
erect, spreading.
i. F. clandestina: panicle partly concealed in the
sheaths ; branches solitary, simple ; 9 10-
fiowered ; florets awned.
JIAB. New- York. ( ipan high: leav. Un. :
rs-.and jicdi 'erm.byathortl
r
62 TRIANDRiA.— DIGYNIA.
76. CERATOCHLOA.
C. nnioloides : panicle nodding, spreading ; spikelets
oblong-lanceolate, compressed, 6 — 8-flowered ; flo-
rets acuminate, unarmed ; sheaths bearded at the
throat ; the lower ones hairy ; root fibrous.
HAB. Rich bottom lands. July — Aug. © and U.
Culm 12 — 18 in. high; leav. pubesc; pan. small:
branch, geminate, pubesc.
11. DIARRHENA.
D. americana.
HAB. Banks of rivers. U . Culm erect, nearly naked,
slender; leav. rad. ; broad; pan. racemose; spik.
about 2-fl. ;fl. diverging ; cor. smooth ; stam. 2 — 3.
78. DACTYLIS. Orchard-grass.
O. glomerata : panicle secund, glomerate ; leave*
carinate.
HAB. Fields, meadows, &c. May — June. U. Culm
2 — 3ft. high ; panic, contract, glum, strongly ciliate.
79. DANTHONIA.
D. spicata : panicle simple, appressed ; spikelel*
7 — 9, about 7-flowered ; inferior valve of the co-
rolla hairy ; leaves subulate ; lower sheaths hairy
at the throat.
TIAB. Dry woods and sandy fields. June — July. U .
Culm cespitose, 18 in. — 2 ft. high ; leav. hairy above ;
pan. spiked.
80. TRISETUM.
I. T. palustre: panicle contracted, nodding, somewhat
verticillate ; calyx 2 — 3-flowered ; florets smooth,
acuminate ; the inferior one swnless ; inferior valve
of the superior floret bicuspidate, awned below the
tip.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — July. U . Culm 1 — 2
ft. high, erect ; leav. flat, smooth ; pan. few fl., pah
green.
1. T. purpurascens : panicle very simple, somewhat
racemose, few-flowered ; calyx 3-flowered ; glumes
\.
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 63
very unequal, entire ; culm and leaves smooth :
stipule very short, truncate.
HAB. Mountain meadows. June. H . Culm 2 ft. high.
leafy ; pan. sub-racemose ; spik. terete ; cal. purple.
81. BROMUS. Brome-grass.
B. secalinus : panicle spreading, a little branched ;
spikelets oblong-ovate, compressed ; florets about
10, distinct, rather remote, longer than the flex-
uous bristles, leaves somewhat hairy.
HAB. Cultivated grounds. June. 0. Culm 2 — 3
ft. high ; nodes swelled and pub esc. ; leav. dark green :
pan. ovate, flat when old.
B. mollis : panicle erect, contracted ; spikelets ob-
long-ovate, somewhat compressed, pubescent ; bris-
tle straight, as long as the corolla; leaves very
softly pubescent.
HAB. Fields and pastures. June. $ . Culm 2 ft.
high, mostly pubesc. ; leav. pale green ; spik. 5 — 10-fl.
B. purgans: panicle nodding; spikelets lanceolate.
terete ; florets hairy ; bristle straight ; leaver-
smooth ; sheaths hairy.
HAB. Wet meadows and banks of rivers. Aug. U .
Culm 4 ft. high, smooth; sheaths rctrorsehj hairy;
spik. 6—8-/.
B. ciliatus: panicle nodding ; spikelets oblong, terete,
8 — 10-flowered ; glumes acute, (not mucronate,)
ciliate ; corolla hairy ; margin villosely ciliatc :
bristle short.
HAB. Banks of rivers. June. y. . Culm 3 ft. high,
pubesc. at the joints ; leav. pale green, hairy both
sides ; pan. zvith 2 bracts at base.
B. pubesccns : panicle at length nodding; spikelet-
lanceolate, terete ; florets pubescent ; leaves and
lower sheaths pubescent.
HAB. Woods. June. U. Culm 4 ft. high, hairy
below ; leaves smooth beneath.
82. ARRHENATHERUM.
A. avenaceum: panicle equal, nodding ; nun as long
again as the flower ; culm geniculate, smooth ; root
nodose.
"' u 'une. \\ . Root creeping; culm
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
high ; pan. loose ; fi. brownish, hairy at base ; awn
contorted.
2. A. pennsylvanicum : panicle attenuated ; awn twict
as long as the florets ; seed villous.
HAB. Fields and open woods. July. U. Culm smooth
branches of the pan. short ; awn genie.
83. AVENA. Oat-grass.
A. prcecox : panicle in a dense raceme ; florets i\s
long as the calyx ; awn exserted ; leaves setaceous.
HAB. Sandy fields. June. 0. Cespitose, 3 — 4 in.
high ; sheaths angular ; pan. oblong ; spik. 2-fi. .
cal. longer than the fi.
84. AIR A. Hair-grass.
1. A. Jlexuosa : panicle spreading, trichotomous .
branches flexuous ; calyx a little shorter than the
florets, and about the length of the awn ; leaves
setaceous ; culm nearly naked.
HAB. Rocky hills. June. U. Culm 1J— 2 ft. high ;
leav. mostly rad. ; pan. capill. ; cor. hairy at base.
2. A. cespitosa: panicle diffuse ; florets about the length
of the calyx ; awn short, straight ; leaves flat.
HAB. Swamps. June. U . Culm cespit., 18 in.
high ; leav. very narrow ; pan. capill. ; cal. blueish,
3. A. arisiulata: panicle capillary, spreading; branches
verticillate and flexuous ; calyx 2-flowered, shorter
than the florets ; superior floret pedicellate ; infe-
rior valve of the corolla truncate, laciniate, with an
awn a little below the middle scarcely exserted.
I. A. pumila : panicle small, fasthiiate, few-flowered •.
pedicels short ; florets awnless, obtuse, twice the
length of the calyx ; valves with membranaceous
margins ; leaves flat, smooth ; culm erect, scarcely
longer than the leaves.
HAB. In barren clayey soil. June. ty. An inch
high, growing in tufts.
85. LOLIUM. Darnel.
h L. perenne: florets much longer than the calyx, un-
armed, linear-oblong, compressed ; root perennial.
HAB. Meadows and road-sides. M,ay— June, U
TRIANDRIA— DIGYNIA. Ov
Root creeping ; culm 18 in. high, erect ; leaves smooth j
spike 6 in. long ; rach.Jlex.
L. temulentum : florets shorter than the calyx, as long
as the bristle at their extremity ; root annual ; culm
scabrous above.
HAB. Meadows. July. Root Jib. ; culm 2 ft. high :
spikelcts much compress., 5 — 1-fl.
86. ELEUSINE.
E. iiidica : spikes straight, erect, in pairs or quarter-
nate ; rachis linear ; spikelets lanceolate, about b-
flowered ; culm compressed, declined.
HAB. Cultivated grounds, and road-sides. July —
Novem. 0. Culm 8 — 12 in. high ; leav. distichous ;
$pik. gen. in pairs ; rach. compress.
87. TRITICUM. Wheat.
T. (tstivum: spike parallel, compressed ; glumes 4-
flowered, ventricose ; bristles generally much longer
than the florets.
IIAB. In neglected fields. June. 0. Culm 3 — 4 ft.
high ; rach. articulat. ; brist. 2 — 3 in. long.
88. AGROPYRON.
A. repens : spikelets oblong, 5-flowered ; glumes sub-
ulate, many-nerved ; florets acuminate ; leaves flat ;
root creeping.
IIAB. Fields and cultivated grounds. July. U. Root
artic, white, very long ; culm 2 ft. high ; ft. some-
times with a short bristle,
A . caninum: spikelets about 5-flowered, compressed ;
glumes 3-nerved, and, as well as the florets, armed
with a bristle at the tip ; root fibrous.
IIAB. Delaware, li . Culm 9. — 3 ft. high ; spik. some-
times 6 -ft. : bristle longer than the flowers.
80. SECALE. Rye.
S. cereale : glumes and bristles scabrous-ciliate ; co-
rolla smooth.
UAB. Neglected fields. June. 0 or $. Culm 3—4
high : alum, ciliate, subulate ; bristle long
F2
GG iRIANDRIA.— DIGYNi
90. ELYMUS. Lyme-grass.
1 . E. virginicus : spike erect, coarctate ; spikelets in
pairs, 2— 3-flowered; florets smooth ; glumes lan-
ceolate, nerved.
HAB. Banks of rivers. July — Aug. U. Culm 3 — 4
ft. high; leav. bright-green ; spik. stiffly erect.
2. E. canadensis : spike nodding at the extremity, patu
lous ; spikelets 3 — 5-flowered ; florets hairy ;
glumes linear-lanceolate.
HAB. Banks of rivers. Aug. U . Root creeping
culm 3 — 4 ft. high ; leav. dark-green; spik. gen,
pendulous at the extrem.
/3. glaucifolius : leaves glaucous.
HAB. Rocky shores. Aug.
:. E. villosus: spike a little nodding at the extremity.
patulous ; , rachis and florets hispid-pilose ; spikelets
geminate, 2 — 3-flowered ; glumes linear, pilose-cili-
ate, 2-nerved, shorter than the florets.
HAB. Dry hills. July. U . Culm 2—3 ft. high ;
leaves long, 4 — 5 lin. broad ; spike at first erect.
V. E. hystrix: spike erect ; spikelets diverging ; caly\
0.
HAB. Rocky hills. July. U. Culm 3 ft. high; leav.
often glauc; rack. flex. ; spik. 3 at each joint ; cal
sometimes 1 — 2-leaved, or a rudiment.
91. MELICA. Melic-grass.
M. speciosa: smooth; panicle loose, erect, few-flow
ered ; branches simple ; florets obtuse.
HAB. Mountains. June. U . Cidm 3—4 ft. high
leav. flat, pub es. beneath; pan. subsecund,
92, ATHEROPOGON.
A. apludoides : spikes racemose, distant, pendulous
perfect floret with the inferior valve tricuspidate
lateral bristles of the abortive floret half the length
of the terminal one.
HAB. Rocky hills. Aug. U. Culm 18 in. high, assur
gent ; leav. at length involute ; spik. 20 — 40, oblong
sess. f a?ith. red.
93. PANICUM. Panic-grass.
I P. Cms galli i racemes alternate and in pairs,, com
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 67
pound ; rachis 5-angled ; glumes terminating in his-
pid bristles ; sheaths glabrous.
HAB. Along ditches, and in cultivated grounds. Aug-
— Sept. ©• Culm 2 — 4 ft. high ; leav. broad and
flat ; pan. dense ; bristles sometimes wanting.
2. P. hispidum : panicle compound r nodding;, racemes
alternate ; glumes terminating in hispid bristles
sheaths hispid.
HAB. Salt-marshes. Sept.— Oct. Q. Culm 3—4 ft.
high, thick ; fl. always with bristles.
3, P. clandestinum : culm with short axillary branches ;
leaves broad-lanceolate, cordate at the base ; sheathe
hispid, enclosing the short panicles ; abortive floret
neuter, 2-valved ; superior valve obtuse.
HAB. Shady moist places. July — Aug. H . Culm
2 — 3 ft. high, erect and rigid ; leaves 1 in. broad ;
pan. term, and lat.
I. P. pedunculatum : culm dichotomous ; leaves broad-
lanceolate, slightly hairy above, attenuate ; sheaths
hispid and papillose ; panicle long-pedunculate, com
pound, smooth ; spikelets ovate, smooth ; abortive
tloret 2-valved ; superior valve half the length oi
the inferior.
HAB. Moist places in woods. July, U . Culm 3 — 4
ft. high, much branched above ; leav. very acute ; pan .
terminal.
'). P. latifolium : culm mostly simple, bearded at tin
joints ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth, or with
the sheaths, somewhat pubescent ; panicle terminal,
a little exsert, simple, pubescent ; spikelets oblong-
ovate ; abortive floret antheriferous, 2-valved ; su-
perior valve subherbaceous, nearly as long as tin
inferior, acute.
HAB. Woods and shady thickets. June — July. If.
Culm 1 ft. high / leav. 1 in. broad; pan. about \b-fl
downy,
y. P. scoparium: whole plant softly villous ; leaves lan-
ceolate ; panicle erect, compound, setaceous, much
branched ; spikelets turgid, ovate, pubescent.
HAB. New-Jersey. H. Culm 2 ft. high, mostly sim
pie ; leav. somewhat waved ; fl. largest of our species.
7. P. nervosum : culm simple ; nodes smooth ; leave*
broad-lanceolate, smooth, a little ciliate on the mar-
68 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
gin ; panicle much branched, smooth, many-flow-
ered ; spikelets oblong ; abortive floret antherifer-
ous, with the superior valve subherbaceous, shorter
than the inferior.
IIAB. Boggy meadows. July. U. Culm 3 — 4ft. high,
smooth; leav. sub coriaceous ; pan. pedunc. or sessile ;
fi. large.
8. P. macrocarpon : culm erect, simple ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, erect, a little hairy beneath ; joints na-
ked ; sheaths hispid ; panicle rather compound.,
smooth ; spikelets ovate-globose ; abortive floret
neuter.
11 AB. Banks of rivers. July. U . Culm 3 ft. high ;
pan.few-fi.,flexuous ;fi. strongly nerved, subglobose;
inf. glume very broad.
>. P. pubescens : erect, much branched, leafy, softly-
pubescent; leaves lanceolate, ciliate; panicle small,
few-flowered, free ; spikelets subglobose-obovate,
pubescent.
IIAB. Woods and fields. June. U- Culm 18 in. high :
nodes hairy; sheaths retrorsely ciliate; pan. with
horizon, branches.
10. P. involution : culm cespitose, simple, or a little
branched at the base ; leaves erect, somewhat rigid,
very narrow, at length involute : panicle simple,
few-flowered ; florets acuminate ; superior valve of
the neuter floret very small.
HAB. Massachusetts. U. Culm 1 ft. high ; leav. a
little hairy; pan. 10—20-/. ; fi. large.
H. P. depauperatum : culm cespitose, hairy at the
joints ; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth or hairy ;
sheaths pubescent ; panicle few-flowered ; branches
in pairs, one of them 2-£owered, the other 1 -flow-
ered.
IIAB. Barren sandy soils. May — June. U . Culm 1
ft. high ; lower leav. short ; pan. term. ; branches
tortuous.
i2. P. dichotomum: culm much branched and dichoto-
mous above ; branches fasciculate ; leaves very
numerous, lanceolate, smooth, panicle simple, ca-
pillary, lax ; abortive floret neuter ; superior valve
minute, bifid.
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 69
HAB. Dry woods. July — Sept. U. Culm erect ,B— 18
in. high ; joints hairy ; leav. spreading ; fl. minute.
si. curvatum : culm very tall, rather rigid ; branches
few and a little curved.
3. fasciculatum : culm low, erect or decumbent ;
branches and leaves densely fasciculate ; panicle*
very small, concealed among the leaves.
y. gracile : culm tall, slender ; leaves membrana-
ceous.
HAB. ». In moist meadows. /3. In sandy fields, y.
In swamps.
13. P. nitidum : culm slender, simple, erect, smooth ;
sheaths bearded at the throat ; leaves very few,
broad-linear; panicle capillary, rather crowded, com-
pound, remote, smooth ; spikelets minute, obtuse,
ovate, slightly pubescent ; inferior glume very small.
HAB. Meadows and woods. June— July. U . Culm
18 in. — 2 ft. high, mostly simple ; nodes annulate ;
leav. a little shilling.
st. ciliatum : culm hairy ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
(the lowest ones broader,) sparingly hirsute, ciliate
on the margin ; panicle with the branches and flow-
ers pubescent.
|3. ramulosum: culm more branched; panicle con-
tracted; branches smooth,
y. gracile : culm very slender, smooth ; leaves very
narrow, and with the sheaths smooth ; panicle
nearly simple, few-flowered, smooth ; superior
valve of the abortive floret minute, entire. ?
fc pilosum : culm simple, very hairy ; lower leaver
approximate, and broad, lanceolate ; upper one?
linear, rather rigid, somewhat hairy on the upper
surface, ciliate at the base ; sheaths villose and mi-
nutely papillose ; panicle sub-contracted ; branches
virgate, and with the flowers, pubescent.
l, glabrum : smooth on every part, except the base
of the leaves, nearly simple ; lower leaves short,
approximate, sub-cartilaginous ; panicle branched,
almost verticillate ; spikelets large ; superior valve
of the abortive floret entire.
f. barbatum : culm simple, smooth ; nodes hairy ;
leaves linear-lanceolate ; sheaths smooth, except
on the margin ; flowers minutely pubescent.
70 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
HAB. ct. In pine-barrens. &. Sandy swamps, y. la
woods. <$\ Dry woods, e. Meadows. £ WoocU
and meadows.
14. P. agrostuides : culm compressed, smooth, erect:
leaves very long ; panicles lateral and terminal,
pyramidal, spreading ; branches racemiferous ;
spikelets appressed ; abortive floret neuter, with
the valves nearly equal.
HAB. Wet meadows. July— Sept. U . Culm 2—3
ft. high ; leaves numerous at the root ; pan. dark
purp.
15. P. virgatum: whole plant very smooth; panicle
diffuse, very large ; flowers acuminate ; valves of
the abortive floret nearly equal.
HAB. Margins of salt marshes. July — Aug. U .
Culm 3 — 4 ft. high ; leav. long^flat; pan. virgate ;
spik. large.
16. P. anceps : culm compressed ; sheaths ancipitous,
pilose ; panicle with nearly simple branches :
spikelets sub-racemose, much acuminate ; abortive
floret neuter, with the superior valve bifid.
HAB. Infields. July— Aug. U. Culm 3 ft. high :
leav. very long ; pan. pyram. ; spik. appress.
J 7. P. rectum : panicle solitary, shorter than the termi-
nal leaf; branches simple, flexuous ; spikelets al-
ternate, peduncled, obovate, turgid ; giumes stri-
ate, acute ; leaves linear, straight, tapering to a
sharp point, striate and scabrous above, hairy be-
neath ; sheaths with very long hairs.
HAB. Banks of rivers, July. U .
18. P. verrvcosum : culm slender, decumbent and genic-
ulate, branched below, and with the leaves smooth ;
panicle much spreading, few-flowered ; flowers
verrucose ; abortive floret 1-valved.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U. Culm 18 in. high; nodes
smooth; leav. bright green; pan. lot. and term.;
fl. verrucose.
Id. P. proliferum : culm assurgent, geniculate at base.
very smooth ; panicles terminal and axillary ;
smooth; spikelets racemose; abortive floret 1-
valved.
HAB. Wet meadows. Sept. U . Whole plant very
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 71
very smooth ; culm 2 — 4 ft. long, succul, ; leav.
broad ; pan. large ; anth. orange.
20. P. capillare : culm nearly simple ; sheaths very
hairy ; panicle large, capillary, expanding, loose ;
spikelets on long peduncles, acuminate, smooth ;
abortive floret 1-valved.
HAB. Cultivated grounds. Aug. — Sept. H . Culm
erect, 1 — 2 ft. high; sheaths hispid; branch, of
the pan. reflex, when old.
/3. sylvaticum : culm branched at the base, very
slender ; leaves linear.
HAB. In dry woods. Aug.
21. P. longifolium: whole plant very smooth; culm
compressed, erect, simple, slender ; leaves very
long and narrow ; panicle simple, elongated, race-
mose ; spikelets acuminate ; abortive floret neuter,
2-valved.
1 1 AB. Pine barrens. Sept.— Oct. 1| . Culm 2 ft.
high ; pan. small, few-fl. ; inf. glume acuminate.
94. HIEROCHLOA.
1 . II. borealis : panicle subsecund, a little spreading ;
peduncles smooth ; florets unarmed ; inferior valve
of the corolla ciliate on the margin ; root creeping,
I.IAB. Bog-meadows. May. U . Sweet-scented ;
culm IS in. high; leav. smooth and shining; pan,
few-fl. ; spik. brown and purple.
1. U. alpina : panicle ovate, contracted ; spikelets com-
pressed, longer than the branches ; glumes lance-
olate, almost nerveless : lateral florets triandrous ;
one of them with an awn about as long as the
valves : sides almost smooth ; margin ciliate.
HAB. High mountains. June. U . Culm 8 in. high,
smooth, firm , fl. not tumid, larger than in the pre-
reding.
95. HOLCUS. Soft grass.
II. lanatus : panicle equal; florets shorter than the
calyx, the superior with a recurved awn ; root
fibrous.
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. U . Whole plant hoary-
pubescr.nl ' ; culm 18 in. high • pan. oblong, contract, j
fl. whitiihi
72 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
96. SETARIA.
I, S. viridis: spike cylindrical ; involucrum of 4 — 10
fasciculate bristles, scabrous upward; spikelets
geminate ; perfect floret smooth ; sheaths pubescent.
HAB. Cultivated grounds. July — Aug. H. Culm \\
ft. high, simp. ; leav. smooth ; invoL longer than
theft,
I. S. glauca: spike cylindrical: involucrum of many fas-
cicled bristles, scabrous upward ; perfect floret
transversely rugose.
HAB. Fields and cultivated grounds. July — Aug. 0.
Culm 2 ft. high ; invoL yellow when old.
/3. purpurascens : sheaths hairy ; glumes and bristles
of the involucrum purple.
). S. verticillata : spike subverticillate ; bristles of the
involucrum 2, retrorsely scabrous ; spikelets soli-
tary ; corolla of the perfect floret nearly smooth.
HAB. Sandy cultivated grounds. July. 0. Culm
18 in, high, smooth; spike 2 in. long ; rach. hispid ;
invol. purplish.
}. S. italica : spike compound, interrupted at the base,
nodding ; spikelets conglomerate ; involucrum many
times longer than the flowers ; rachis tomentose.
HAB. Borders of ditches. July — Aug. 0. Culm 4 ft.
high, sub-compress.; pan, 6 — 8 in. long; invol.
1 — 2 in. long.
97. D1GITARIA. Crab-grass.
1. D. sanguinalis : spikes numerous, fasciculate, a little
spreading ; leaves and sheaths somewhat hairy :
spikelets oblong ; florets pubescent on the margin.
HAB. Cultivated grounds and waste places. Aug. U .
Culm decumb. and assurg. ; spik. 4 — 6 ; rach. flex. ;
spikelets by pairs.
I. 1). glabra: spikes digitate, sub-alternate, (3 — 4,)
spreading ; leaves and sheaths smooth ; spikelets
ovate, crowded ; calyx equal to the abortive floret,
both hairy.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. — Sept. 0. Culm mostly
decumbent ; spik. much spreading, 2 in. long.
.';. D. serotina : decumbent; leaves and sheaths verv
TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 73
pubescent ; spikes numerous, setaceous ; spikelels
all pedicellate ; inferior glume very minute.
HAB. Fields. U« ft°ut creeping; culm 12 — 18 in.
long.
D. filiformis : culm erect, filiform ; leaves somewhat
glabrous ; spikes 2 — 4, filiform, erect ; spikelets in
threes, all pedicellate ; calyx 1-valved, as long as
the abortive floret, pubescent.
HAB. Gravelly soils and sandy woods. Aug. 0. Culm
simp., 12 — 18 in. high; leav. short ; spik. mostly 2.
98. ANDROPOGON. Beard-grass.
A. scoparium : spikes simple, lateral and terminal,
pedunculate, in pairs ; rachis hairy ; abortive floret
neuter ; valves awned.
HAB. Barren soils. Aug. U . Culm 3 ft. high; lower
sheaths hairy ; spik. slend.,flexuous.
A. virginicwn • culm compressed ; superior leaves
and sheaths smooth ; spikes short, 2 — 3 from each
sheath, partly concealed at the base ; rachis sub-
terete ; abortive flower a mere pedicel without
valves ; perfect flower monandrous.
HAB. Dry swamps. Sept. y.. Culm 3 ft. high ; inf.
leav. hairy ; rachis pilose.
A. macrourum : spikes fasciculate, in dense, lateral.
and terminal fastigiate panicles ; flowers monan-
drous; awn straight; abortive floret without valves.
HAB. Swamps. Sept. — Oct. If.. Culm much branched
above ; spikes vaginate, partly concealed.
A. furcatum : spikes digitate, generally by fours;
abortive flowers etaminiferous, awnless, resembling
the perfect one, the awn of which is subcontorted
HAB. Rocky banks. Aug. — Sept. 1*. . Culm 4 ft.
high ; rati. !<dv. very long; cul. brownish.
,\. nutans : panicle oblong, branched, nodding; spike-
Lets by pairs; calyx hairy, rufescent; awn con-
torted.
HAB. Fields and hills. Sept.— Oct. 11. CWro3— G
ft. high; pan. large; abort, ft. a rudiment without
vahes.
HORDE! M. Bailey.
M. y "latum: lateral flowers abortive, n eute J I
(J
74 TRIANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.
of the calyx and corolla three times as long as the
flowers.
IIAB. Marshes. $. Culm 2 ft. high, slend. sim .
bristles of theft, capillary.
TRIGYNIA.
100. HOLOSTEUM. Caryophyllece.
II. succulentum: leaves elliptical, fleshy.
HAB. Coldenham, New-York. -f-.
01. MOLLUGO. Indian-chickweed. Caryophylleit-
M. verticillata: leaves verticillate, cuneiform, acute:
stem branched, depressed; peduncles 1 -flowered,
IIAB. Fields. July — Sept. 0. Stem prostrate,
spreading, dichot. ; pedunc. axill. ;Jl. small, white.
102. LECHEA. Caryophyllece.
\ . L. major : plant hirsute on every part ; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, mucronate ; panicle leafy, pyrami-
dal ; branches floriferous towards their extremities :
flowers in fasciculate racemes, secund, on shori
pedicels.
HAB. Dry woods and hills. Aug. 2£. Stem erect,
often surculose ; ft. minute, round; stam. 3 — 9.
2. L. minor: whole plant nearly glabrous ; stem assur*
gent ; leaves linear-ianceolate, acute ; panicle leafy ;
branches elongated ; flowers on short pedicels.
HAB. Dry woods. Aug. — Sept. Stem slender, 8 in.
high; ft. twice as large as the preceding.
3. L. racemulosa : plant covered with an appressed pu-
bescence ; stem erect, with slender, paniculate
branches above ; leaves linear, acute, ciliate ;
flowers rather remote, alternate ; raceme naked.
HAB. Sandy fields. -f.
1. L. thymifolia : whitish-villose on every part ; stem
erect ; leaves linear, acute ; panicle leafy, elonga-
ted ; branches short ; flowers minute, in lateral and
terminal fascicles ; pedicels very short.
HAB. Sandy sea-coast. Aug. ii . Stem a foot high,
erect, firm, much branched; leav. vill. at base.
103. PROSERPINACA. Haloragece.
1. P. palustris : leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate: the
lower ones pinnatifid.
TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. To
HAB. In water. July — Aug. lj. . Root creep . ; stem
partly submerge red ;fi. sm., axillary.
P. pcctinacea : leaves all pectinately pinnatifid.
HAB. Sandy swamps. Aug. y. . Leav. finely pec-
finate; angles of the cap. rather obtuse.
TETRANDRIA
MONOGYNIA.
A. Flowers superior.
| Monopetalous.
104. CEPHALANTHUS. Common col 0 ; proper mi-
nute, angular, 4-cleft. Cor. tubular, slender, 4-
cleft. Style much exserted ; stig. globose. Cap.
2-celled, 2-seeded, (mostly 2-partile.) Recept,
globose, hairy.
105. DIPSACUS. Flowers in an ovate or roundish capi-
tulum. — Common cal. (involucrum) many-leaved,
foliaceous ; proper superior, of one leaf. Cor.
tubular, 4-cleft. Seed solitary. Recept. conic,
paleaceous. Pappus cyathiform.
J 1)6. GALIUM. Cal. 4-toothed. Cor. monopetalous.
rotate, 4-cleft. Seeds 2, globose.
i07. SPERMACOCE. Cal. 4-toothed. Cor. infundibu-
liform, 4-cleft. Cap. 2-celled, not 2-parted ; cells
1 -seeded, bidentate. Seeds with inflected mar-
gins.
108. DIODIA. Cal. deeply 2-cleft, persistent. Cor.
tubiilar-infundibuliibrm, 4-cleft. Cap. 2-celled :
\ cells one-seeded.
,11) IIOUSTOMA. Cal. 4-toothed. Cor. infundibu-
liform, '4-cleft. Cap. half-superior, 2-celled. 2
valved, many-deeded, opening transversely.
HI. MITOHELLA. Flower.-, by pairs upon the same
nnen. Cal* 4-toothed. Cor. infundibuliform ;
tube cylindrie ; limb 4 -parted, spreading, villous
on the inner side. Slam, scarcely exserted. Stig
4-cleft. (jerry, by the union of 2 germens, didy-
mo- led
76 TETRANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A.
112. LINNiEA. Cal. double ; that of the fruit 2-leaved;
inferior; of the flower 5-parted, superior. Cor.
turbinate, subcampanulate, 5-lobed, equal. Stam,
somewhat didynamous. Stig globose. Berry
dry, 3-celled, (only one of the cells bearing a per-
fect seed.)
t t Polypetalous.
113. SANGUISORBA. Cal. 2-leaved. Cor. 4-cleft,
rotate. Caps, quadrangular, between the calyx
and corolla, 1 — 2-celled.
114. CORNUS. Flowers sometimes aggregated in a 4-
leaved involucrum. — '■Cal. 4-toothed. Pet. 4,
Drupe with a 2-celled nut.
115. LUDW1GIA. Cal. 4-parted, persistent. Cor. 4-
petalled or 0. Caps, quadrangular, 4-celled, in-
ferior, many-seeded.
1 1 1 Apetalous.
116. ISNARD1A. Cal. campanulate, 4-cleft. Cor. 0.
Caps. 4-celled, quadrangular, surrounded by the
base of the calyx.
B. Flowers inferior.
t Monopetalous.
117. PLANT AGO. Cal. 4-cleft. Cor. 4 -cleft :"; limb re-
flexed. Stam. mostly exserted, very long. Caps.
2-cHled, opening all round transversely.
118. BARTON1A. Cal. 4-parted, appressed. Cor.
subcampanulate, 4-parted ; segments somewhat
erect. Stig. thick, glandular, somewhat bifid.
Caps. 1 -celled, 2-valved, many-seeded, sur-
rounded by the persistent calyx and corolla.
119. EXACUM. Cal. deeply 4-parted. Cor. 4-cleft:
tube globose Caps, bisulcate, 2-celled, many-
seeded, opening at the summit ; cells 2-seeded.
120. SWERTIA. Cal. flat, 4— 5-parted. Cor. 4-
parted ; segments spreading, with 2 nectariferous
ciliate pores at the base of each. Style short ;
stig. 2. Caps. 1-cellpd. 2-valved, acuminate.
121. FRASERA. Cal. deeply 4-parted. Cor. 4-parted,
spreariing ; segments oval, with a bearded, or-
bicular gland in the middle of each. Caps, com-
TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 77
pressed, partly margined, 1 -celled. Seeds few,
imbricate, elliptic, with a membranaceous margin.
122. OBOLARIA. Cal. 2-parted, bracteiform. Cor.
campanulate, 4 -cleft ; segments entire (orcrenu-
late.) Stain. subdid}'namous, proceeding from the
clefts of the corolla. Stig. bifid. Caps, ovate.
1 -celled, 2-valved, many-seeded.
t t 4-petalled.
123. AMMANNIA. Cal. 1 -leaved, campanulate, pli-
cate, 8-toothed, inferior. Cor. 4-petalled or 0-
inserted upon the calyx. Caps. 4-celled, man}'-
seeded.
J 24. PTELEA. Cal. 4-parted. Pet. 4, spreading. Stig.
2. Samara compressed, orbicular, 2-celled, 2-
seoded.
tit Apeialous.
lb, RIVINA. Cal. 4-parted, persistent. Pet. 0. Berr,,
1 -seeded. Seed lentiform, scabrous. Stam. 8 —
4—12.
126. ALCI1EM1LLA. Cal. 8-cleft ; segments spread
ing, alternately smaller. Cor. 0. Style lateral,
from the base of the germen. Fruit surrounded
by the calyx.
SYMPLOCARPUS. Spath ventricose, ovate, acu-
minate. Spadix subglobose, covered with per-
fect flowers Cal. deeply 4-parted, persistent :
segments cucullate, truncate, becoming thick and
spongy. Pet. 0. Style pyramidal, 4-sided ; stig.
simple, minute. Seeds solitary, immersed in th»
spong}' receptacle.
DIGYNIA.
HAMAMELIS. Cal. 4-cleft, with 3 brads (involu-
( rum) at the base. Pet. linear, very long. Mut
roriaceous, 2-celled, 2-horned, cleft at the top.
Seed 1 in each cell.
TETRAGYNIA.
. >9. ILEX. Cal. minute, 4— 5-toothed. Cor. rotate, 4-
pattftd, or 4-petalled. Style 0 ; stig. 4. Berry
t i 2
78 TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
130. SAGINA. Cal. 4-leaved. Pet. 4. Caps. 4-celled,,
4-valved, many-seeded.
131. TILL^EA. Cal. 3— 4-parted. Pet. 3—4, equal.
Caps. 3 — 4, 2 or many-seeded. Stam. sometimes
8, 4 sterile.
132. POTAMOGETON. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. 0. Anth.
sessile, alternating with the divisions of the ca
lyx. Nuts 4, 1-seeded, sessile.
133. RUPPIA. Cal. and cor. 0. Seeds 4, pedicellate,
TETRANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA.
104. CEPHALANTHUS. Button-bush. Rubiacea><
C. occidentalis : leaves opposite or ternate.
HAB. Swamps. July — Aug. V Shrub 4—5 ft.
high ; leav. ovate-oblong ;fl. wh., in glob, heads.
105. DIPSACUS. Teasel. Dipsacece.
D. sylvestris: leaves rarely connate; scales of the
receptacle straight; involucrum curved upward
HAB. Old fields. July. $. Stem 3— 4 ft. high, ang.
and prickly ;Ji. pale blue, in oval heads.
106. GALIUM. Bed-straw. Rubiacece.
* Fruit smooth.
1. G. verum : leaves about 8 in a whorl, linear.
grooved, scabrous ; flowers in dense panicles.
HAB. Pastures. June — July. If. Stem erect, slen-
der; leav. rejlexed ; ft. yellozv.
2. G. trifidum : stem procumbent, scabrous downward ;
leaves linear, obtuse, scabrous on the margin and
mid-rib ; those of the stem in fives ; of the branches
in fours ; flowers in terminal fascicles ; pedicels
short ; corolla mostly 3-cleft.
HAB. Wet places. June — Aug. If. Stem much
branch.; leav. broad-linear ; fl. rch., minute.
p. latifolium : leaves obovate-cuneate.
HAB. Wet places.
3. G. tinctorium : stem diffuse, smoothish ; leaves linear,
somewhat acute, slightly scabrous ; those of the
stem in sixes, of the branches in fours ; peduncle5
elongated, mostly 3-flowered.
TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 79
HAB. Low grounds. July. If. Stem afoot high,
weak;Jl. white, mostly 4-cleft.
4. G. asprellum : stems diffuse, much branched, re-
trorsely aculeate ; leaves in fives and sixes, lanceo-
late, acuminate, aculeate on the nerves and mar-
gin : pedicels short.
HAB. Shady wet place*. June — July. 1J. . Stem 1 — 2
ft. high, very leafy ;fl. terminal, white.
* * Fruit hispid.
». G. Aparine : leaves 6 or 8 in a whorl, obovate-lance-
olate, hispid above ; margin and keel prickly ; stem
flaccid, relrorsely aculeate ; fruit with uncinate
bristles.
HAB. Moist thickets. May— June. ©. Stem 3—4
ft. long, procumb. or inclin. ; fl. white ; fruit unci*
nately hispid.
»'. <r. brachiatum: stem flaccid, elongated, brachiate-
ramose, hispid; branches short; leaves in sixes,
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, smooth ; margin and
keel setaceously ciliate ; flowering branches longer
than the whorls, divaricate and dichotomous ; pedi-
cels 2-flowered ; fruit with uncinate bristles.
HAB. Meadows and woods. June — Aug. -}-•
7. G. micranthum: stem much branched, divaricate,
retrorsely aculeate ; leaves short, lanceolate, mu-
cronate, smooth, margin and keel aculeate ; flower-
ing brandies divaricate ; pedicels 2-flowered.
HAB. Mountain swamps. July. If. Fl. white, very
numerous and small; fruit mostly l-seeded.
'. (1. triflorum: stem procumbent, smoothish ; leave-
in fives and sixes, obovate-lanceotate, mucronate.
smooth, scarcely ciliate on the margin ; flowering
branches elongated, 3-flo\vered at the extremity
flowers pedicellate ; fruit small, hispid.
HAB. Moist thickets. July — Aug. If. Stem weak.
3 — bft. long ; leav. membran. ; flow, branch, axill
and term.
' (i. pilosum : stem nearly simple, elongated, ascend
iog, with remote joints, bispid ; leaves in fours, oval,
moeronate, very hairy on every part, nerveless ;
flowering branches elongated, nearly simple
flowered at the extremity ; fruit hairy.
TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
HAB. Dry woods. July— Aug. If.. Stem \ ft. high .
Jeav. obtuse, punctate ;Jl. purp. ; segments acute.
10. G. circcezans : stem erect, smooth ; leaves in fours,
oval, obtuse, smooth ; margin and nerves ciliate :
peduncles divaricate, few-flowered; flowers re-
mote, subsessile ; fruit nodding, with hooked bris-
tles.
HAB. Rocky woods. June — July. If. Stem 1 ft.
high; branch, at base ; leav. 3~nerved ;fl. purp.
1 1. G. lanceolaturn : stem erect, very smooth ; leaves in
fours, lanceolate, generally acute, smooth, 3-
nerved ; margin subciliate ; peduncles divaricate ;
fruit sessile, nodding, covered with hooked bristles.
HAB. Rocky woods. July. If.. Stem 1 ft. high:
leav. 2 in. long, membran. ;Jl. purple.
\2. G. bermudianum : stem much branched, scarcely
pubescent ; leaves in fours, ovate, obtuse,
smooth, with pellucid dots ; margin and nerves
pubescent ; flowering branches elongated ; fruit
uncinately hispid.
HAB. Pennsylvania. June. If. Leav. linear when
young, 3-nerved; jl. panicled ; seg. of the cor.
lanceol. -}- .
.;. G, boreale: stem straight and erect, branched, ver)
smooth ; branches short ; leaves in fours, linear-
lanceolate, generally obtuse, 3-nerved ; margin in-
volute and scabrous ; flowers in a terminal panicle,
divaricate ; fruit minutely and uncinately hispid.
HAB. Sandy pine woods. Aug. — Sept. 1J. . Stem
18 in. high; pan. pyramidal, crowded ; Jl. white.
107. SPERMACOCE. Rubiaceie.
S. diodina : stem diffuse, terete, hairy ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, nearly smooth : margin and keel serru-
late ; stipules with numerous long bristles ; flower.-
axillary, sessile, solitary, alternate ; fruit hairy.
HAB. Sandy soils. Aug. 0c Stem procumb., 6 — f!
in. long; leav. oppos. ; Jl. white or pale purp.
108. D10DIA. Rubiacece.
D. virginica: smooth ; stem procumbent, nearly te-
rete ; leaves lanceolate ; corolla smooth within :
fruit oblong, smooth.
TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 81
HAB. Sandy wet places. Sept % . Stem purp.;
leav. oppos.;Jl. solitary, oppos., white ; cal. subulate.
109. HEDYOTIS. Rubiacece.
H. glomerata: stem assurgent ; leaves lanceolate,
pubescent, attenuate at the base ; flowers fascicled,
axillary and terminal.
HAB. Moist shady places. Aug. 0. Stern 1 — 3 in.
high, simp, or branch., pubes. ;Jl. white, minute.
110. HOUSTONIA. Gentian*.
II. casrulea: stem erect, setaceous, dichotomous ;
radical leaves spathulate-ovate ; peduncles elonga-
ted, 1 -flowered ; segments of the corolla acute.
HAB. Moist rocks. Apr. — May. U . Stems nume-
rous, 4 — 8 in. high; stern leav. narrow ; Jl. blue.
2. H. longifolia : leaves narrow-lanceolate, tapering at
each extremity ; flowers terminal, subsessile ; stem
branched, smooth.
HAB. Mountains. June. If.. Stem suhfaslig. ; Jl. by
threes, purp. ; segments ovate, acute.
3. H. purpurea: stem erect, branched above, pubes-
cent at the joints ; leaves sessile, ovate or lanceo-
late ; fascicles of flowers terminal, corymbose.
HAB. Dry woods. July. If. Leaves broad, rounded
at base, 3-nerv. ; Jl.. purp.
1. H. ciliolata : radical loaves ovale, obtuse, attenuate
at the base ; margin ciliate ; stem-leaves ovate-
apathulate, sessile; flowers in terminal corymbs,
pedicellate ; peduncles trichotomous ; segments of
the calyx linear-lanceolate ; stem smooth, branched
above.
HAB. Moist rocks. If. Stem 4 — 5 in. high; rad.
leav. crowded ; Jl. pale purple.
"». H. pubescens : leaves cuneiform, acute, pubescent;
the inferior ones semi-petiolate, lanceolate ; supe-
rior ones semi-oval, sessile ; panicle trichotomous
terminal.
IIAB. Pennsylvania, -f .
111. MITCHELLA. Partridge-berry. Kubiaco
M. repent.
32 TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
HAB. Woods. June — July. y.. Evergreen, creep-
ing, branched, leav. oppos., roundish, petioled.
smooth; Jl. term., white, fragrant.
112. LINNiEA. Caprifolia.
L. borealis.
HAB. Mountain woods. July. U . Evergreen, creep-
ing ; leav. oppos., ovate-round ; pedunc. erect; fl. 2.
drooping, wh. or pale rose-col.
113. SANGUISORBA. Great Burnet. Rosacea:.
J . S. canadensis : spikes cylindrical, very long ; stamens
much longer than the corolla.
HAB. Bog-meadows. Aug. — Oct. If.. Stem 2 ft.
high, smooth; leav. pinnate ; leofl. ovate, serrate ;fl.
white.
2. S. media: spikes cylindrical ; stamens longer than
the corolla ; (calyx subciliate.)
HAB. Wet meadows. July — Aug. 14. Leafl. ovate-
lanceol. ; spik. ovate, red. -{-.
114. CORNUS. Dog-wood, &c. Caprifolia.
* Flowers capitate, surrounded by an involucrum.
1, C. canadensis: herbaceous; upper leaves verticil-
late, veined ; leaves of the involucrum ovate, acu-
minate : drupe globose.
HAB. Mountain meadows and swamps. May — June.
M . Stem 6 in. high; head term., pedunc. ; invol.
white.
2. C. florida : arborescent ; leaves ovate, acuminate ;
involucrum large, with obcordate leaflets.
HAB. Woods. May— June. Tree 15—30//. high:
leav. oppos. ; invol. very targe, white or pale rose-
col.
* * Flowers naked, cymose.
J. C. sericea: branches expanded ; leaves ovate, acu-
minate, silky-ferruginous beneath; cymes depressed,
woolly.
IIAB. Shady moist places. June. Shrub 8— 12 ft.
high ; cymes pedunc. ; fl. white; drupe ovate, blue,
4. C. sanguinea : branches straight ; leaves ovate,
green on both sides ; cymes expanding.
TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 83
HAB. Around lakes. June — July. Shrub 8 — 12 ft,
high ; leav. broad ; drupe dark brown. -}-.
5. C. circinata : branches verrucose ; leaves broad]
oval, (orbicular) acuminate, white-downy beneath ;
cymes depressed.
HAB. Banks of rivers, woods. June. Shrub 6 — 8ft.
high ; cyme crowded, nearly smooth ; drupe blue.
6. C. alba: branches recurved, smooth ; leaves ovate,
acute, pubescent, hoary beneath ; cymes depressed.
HAB. Wet woods. — A small tree; branch, slender;
cymes small ; drupe white.
7. C. paniculata : branches erect ; leaves ovate, acumi-
nate, hoary beneath ; cymes panicled.
HAB. Swamps. June. Shrub 8 — 12 in. high; branch,
punct. ; cyme loose ; drupe nearly glob., white.
ft. C. stricta: branches straight, fastigiate ; leaved-
ovate, green on both sides, somewhat naked ;
cymes panicled.
HAB. River banks. June. Shrub 8 — 15 ft. high, sto-
lonif. ; bran, red, punct. ; drupe blue.
'». C. alternifolia : leaves alternate.
HAB. Shady woods and swamps. June. — A small
tree ; branch, mostly verruc. ; drupe purp., globose.
115 LUDWIGIA. False Loose-strife. Onagrcc.
f. L. macrocarpa : stem erect, branched, nearly
smooth ; leaves attenuate, narrow-lanceolate, pale
beneath; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered : capsulr
globose-quadrangular, winged.
HAB. Swamps. July— Aug. y.. Stem 2 ft. high,
purp. ;jl. on short pedunc, yellow ; pet. caducous.
>.. L. pilosa : stem erect, branched, hairy ; leaves al-
ternate, oblong, sessile; peduncles 1-llowered, ax-
illary ; capsules globose, quadrangular, winged.
HAB. Ditches and pools, in sandy soils. July — Aug
'4 . Stem 2 ft. high ; leav. I in. long ;fl. yellow,
'•. ]t. unifiora: stem straight, simple ; leaves alternate,
lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; (lower terminal ; petals
longer than tlic calyx.
HAB. New-Jersey, -f-. Probably L. macrocarpa.
116. ISNARDIA. Onagra:
I. palustri$: creeping ami shining ; leaves opj
N TETRANDRIA.—MONOGYNIA.
ovate-lanceolate, petiolate ; flowers axillary, soli-
tary, sessile ; capsule subovate, slightly angled.
HAB. Stagnant waters. June. V-. Swimming or
creeping, succul. ;fl. minute, quadrang.
7.11 PLANTAGO. Plantain. Plantagines.
t. P. cordata : leaves ovate, cordate, very broad, sub-
dentate, smooth ; spike very long ; flowers subim-
bricated ; the inferior ones scattered ; bracts ovate,,
obtuse.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. If.. Leav. Gin. long.
3 — 4 broad; spike 18 in. long; cells of the cap. 2-
seed.
i. P. major: leaves ovate, smoothish, subdentate..
generally shorter than the petioles ; scape terete :
spike cylindrical, slender ; flowers closely imbri-
cate ; capsules many-seeded.
HAB. Fields, waste grounds, &c. May — Aug. 2£.
Leav. spreading ; scape 8 — 12 m. long, pubes.; dis-
sep. of the cap. plane.
3. P. media: leaves ovate, pubescent, longer than the
petioles ; scape terete : spike short, cylindric ;
cells of the capmle 1 -seeded.
11 AB. Fields. July. i{ . Leaves spreading ; petiolo
short; spike 1 — 2 in. long, dense.
4. P. virginica : hairy-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate-
ovate, subdenticnlate ; spikes cylindrical, with re-
mote flowers ; scape angular.
IIAB. Sandy soils. May — June. $. Plant gray, 2 —
3 i/i. high ; spike yellowish : cap. 2 - seeded : dissep.
plane.
>. P. lanceolata: leaves lanceolate, acute at each end:
spike short, ovate-cylindrical ; scape angular ; cap-
sule 2-seeded.
11AB. Fields, pastures, &x. May — Sept. U . Scape
12 18 in. long : spike brownish ; stum, very long.
♦.;. P. maritima : leaves linear, grooved, fleshy, hairy
near the base; scape terete; spike cylindrical,
bracts rather acute.
IIAB. Salt marshes. Aug.— Sept. U . Scape as long
as the leaves ;fl. rather remote : caps. 2-sceded.
7. P. pusilht: minutely pubescent ; leaves linear-subu-
late, flat, entire, acute : scape terete, slender.
TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 58
longer than the leaves ; spike cylindrical, loose ;
lower flowers distant ; bracts ovate, acute, as long
as the calyx.
HAB. Sandy hills and fields. June. 0. Scape 2 — 3. in,
long ; segments of the cal. subul. ; caps, %-seeded.
P. maxima: leaves ovate, subdenticulate, 9-nerved :
spike cylindrical, imbricafe ; scape terete.
HAB. Wet rocky situations. July — Aug. P. cordata
118. BARTONIA. Gentiance.
B. tenella: culm somewhat branched; peduncle**
opposite, the lower ones branched ; segments of
the corolla oval, acute, scarcely longer than the
calyx ; style very short.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. — Sept. 0. Stem 3 — 8 in. high.
very slend. ; leav. bract-like; Jl. small, greenish-white ■
119. EXACUM. Gentiance.
E. pulchellum : calyx 4-parted ; segments subulate .
panicle corymbose ; peduncles filiform.
HAB. Near the sea-coast. Aug. Flowers rose-colour.
120. SWERTIA. Gentiance. Felwort.
S. deflexa: corolla campanulate, with deflexed horns
at the base ; leaves ovate ; branches short.
HAB. Borders oflakes. Aug. $ . Stem 18 in. high
nearly simp.; leav, oppos., sess. ; Jl. greenish-yell.
S. pusilla : corolla rotate, twice as long as the calyx ;
stem simple, 1 -flowered ; leaves oblong.
HAB. High mountains. June. H- . One in. high; leav
1 — 2 pairs ; Jl. large, blue.
121. FRASERA. 'Gentiance. American Colombo.
F. caroliniensis.
HAB. Borders oflakes. July. $ . Stem 3—5/*. high,
erect ; leav. oppos. andverticdl. ; Jl. greenish-yell.
punct.
122. OBOLAIHA. Gtntianss.
O. virginiaca.
Mab. Shady forests. Apr.— May. U . Stem 3-
high. cespit.; leav. oppos. y obovate ;Jl. sublerm..
or reddish, marcescent.
H
86 TETRANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
123. AMMANNIA. Salicarm.
1. A. raynosior : stem erect, thick, subterete ; leaves
lanceolate, dilated at the base ; lower flowers com
pactly verticillate.
HAB. Brackish meadows. Aug — Sept. 0. Stem
4-8 in. high, simp, or somewhat branched ; pet. purp*
2. A.humilis: stem procumbent at the base, branched,
slender, quadrangular ; leaves lanceolate, alternate
at Ihe base ; flowers solitary.
HAB. Borders of ponds. Aug. © and $. Stem
4 — 7 in. high, rarely simp. ; fl. small, pale purp.
124. PTELEA. Terebintacece.
P. trifoliata : leaves ternate ; flowers in panicles
polygamous.
HAB. Shady moist places. June. Shrub 6 — 8 ft.
high, spreading ; leuv. petiol. ; fl. greenish-white.
125. RIVINA. Alriplices.
R. laevis : racemes simple ; leaves ovate, acuminate.,
glabrous, flat ; stem terete.
HAB. Pennsylvania ? A shrub with the habit of Phy-
tolacca decandra. Fi. in axill. racemes.
126. ALCHEMILLA. Rosacece. Lady's mantle.
A. alpina : leaves digitate, serrate at the extremity-
white and sattiny beneath.
HAB. High mountains. If.. Fl. white.
127. SYMPLOCARPUS. Aroidece. Skunk-cabbage.
S. foetida.
HAB. Swamps and low grounds. Feb. — Apr. If..
Plant fetid; leaves large, ovate-cord. ; spath.purp..
spotted, cucull. ; spadix pedunc.
DIGYNIA.
128. HAMAMELIS. Berberides. Witch-hazel.
H. virginica : leaves obovate, acute, dentate, cor
date, with the sinus small.
HAB. Moist woods. Oct.— Nov. Shrub 6— 12 ft.
high; leav. altern.y large ; fl. axill. , clustered, y el L
TETRANDRIA.— TETRAGYNIA. 3T
B. parvifolia : leaves oblong-ovate, upper part undu-
lately and coarsely crenate ; under surface pubes-
cent, somewhat hirsute ; segments of the calyx
oblong ; stamens and perigynous filaments often
nearly equal.
HAB. Mountains. Smaller than the preceding : jl.
bright yellow.
TETRAGYNIA.
129. ILEX. Rhamni. Holly.
). I, opaca : leaves ovate, spinous, acute, smooth, flat ;
fascicles of flowers loose, on the base of the young-
er branches ; peduncles compound.
HAB. Sandy woods. June. An er:rgreen tree.
10 — 40/i!. high ; leav. coriaceous, shining ; Jl. yell.-
white ; berries red.
2. I. canadensis : leaves deciduous, ovate, very entire,
smooth ; peduncles subsolitary, (or fasciculate,)
very long, 1 -flowered ; fruit obtusely subquad-
rangular.
HAB. Rocky hills and mountains. May — June.
Shrub 3 — 5 ft. high; leav. mucron. ; Jl. dioec.
minute ; berries red.
130. TILLiEA.
T. simplex : stem erect and simple ; leaves connate,
oblong-linear and somewhat acute ; flowers alter-
nate, sessile ; petals erect, twice as long as the calyx.
HAB. Muddy banks of rivers. 0. Plant minute.
131. SAG1NA. Caryophyllcai. Pearl-wort.
1. S. procumbens : perennial ; stem procumbent.
smooth ; petals very short.
HAB. Near springs. 'July. Spreading, 2 — 4 in.
long ; leav. linear-subul. ; pel. son^etimes wanting.
3. apetala : annual; stem erect, pubt scent ; leaves
cuspidate : flowers alternate ; petals very minute
or 0.
HAB. Sandy fields. May — June. Stems numerous
filif. ; leav. subnl. ; Jl. on long pedunc.
JC TETRANDRIA.— TETRAGYNIA.
132. POTAMOGETON. Naiades. Pond-weed.
* Upper leaves floating.
I. P. natans : upper leaves floating; coriaceous, ob-
long-ovate, on long petioles, (subcordate :) lower
ones membranaceous, lanceolate, tapering to afoot-
stalk.
HAB. Lakes and slow streams. July — Aug. V-. Upper
leav. 2 — 3 in. long, 2 broad, nerved ; spike greenish.
1. P.Jluitans: upper leaves floating, coriaceous, ob-
long-lanceolate, petiolate, tapering at the base,
lower ones linear, sessile.
HAB. Ponds and slow streams. July — Aug. V-.
Upper leav. 3 in. long* 1 broad, olive-green ; pedunc.
thick.
). P. heterophyllum : upper leaves floating, petiolate.
elliptical ; lower ones sessile, crowded, linear.
HAB. Ponds and slow streams. Aug. U . Half the
size of the preceding ; submerg. leav. very narrow.
I. P. diversifolium : upper leaves floating, elliptical,
petiolate, 5-nerved ; inferior ones filiform ; spike
axillary, almost sessile, few-flowered.
HAB. Ponds and slow streams. June. U . Stems
filif. ; upper leav. not an in. long ; spik. 4 — 6 fi.
* * Leaves all submerged.
j. P. perfoliatum : leaves amplexicaul, cordate, ovate.
HAB. Rivers and lakes. Aug. Stem dichot. ; leaves
1 in. long, subpelluc. ; spike few-fl.
£. P. lucens: leaves ovate-lanceolate, petiolate.
HAB. Rivers and lakes. Aug. V-. Stem terete;
leav. 2 — 3 in. long, pelluc. reticul. ; spik. cylind.
7. P. crispum: leaves lanceolate, tapering, sessile,
undulate and serrate.
HAB. Lakes. Aug. 1/. Stem subcomp. ; leav. lj in.
long; spik. 8 — 10 Jl.
<. P. compressum: leaves linear, obtuse, sessile ; stem
compressed.
HAB. Slow streams. July — Aug. 11 . Stem much
branch., thick; pedunc. compress. ; spikA — §fl.
10
PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 89
'3. P. paucifiorum ; leaves sessile narrow-linear, flat :
spike capitate, 4-flowered ; stem slender, terete.
HAB. Ponds and rivers. Jul} — Aug. li . Stem al-
most Jilif,, much branch. ; spik. on short pedunc.
P. pectinaceum : leaves setaceous, distichously ap-
proximate, sheathing ; stipules almost wanting ;
spike few-flowered, interrupted.
HAB. Ponds. June. U. Stem Jilif., dichot. ; /ear.
numerous ; 4 — 6 in. long ; pedunc. elongat.
133. RUPPIA. Naiades.
11. maritima.
HAB. Salt marshes, ditches. July. U . Floating .•
stem long ; leav. setae, flat ; spadix naked, 2-fl.)
tuith. large.
PENTANDMA.
MONOGYNIA.
A. Seeds naked. (Asperifoliu.)
* Seeds fixed to the bottom of the calyx.
134. PULMONARIA. Cal. prismatic, pentagonal, 6
toothed. Cor. infundibuliform ; border 5-lobed :
orifice naked. Seeds imperforate at the base.
135. LITHOSPERMUM. Cal. 5-parted ; segments
acute, carinate. Cor. infundibuliform ; border 5-
lobed ; orifice naked. Stem included within the
tube of the corolla. Stig. obtuse, bifid. Seeds
imperforated at the base, indurated, shining.
136. ONOSMODIUM. Cal. deeply 5-parted; seg-
ments linear. Cur. subcampanulate ; border ven-
tricose, half 6-cleft ; segments connivent, acute ;
orifice naked. Style much exserted. Seeds
ovate, shining, imperforate at the base.
ECH1UM. Cal. 5-parted; segments subulate
ere< t. Cor. subcampanulate ; tube very short ;
border unequally 5-lobed, the lower segment
acute and renexed ; orifice pervious. Stig. bifid
tuberculate, imperforate at the base.
H 2
90 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
138. MYOSOTIS. Cal. 5-parted, or 5-cleft. Ccr.hy-
pocrateriform ; segments very obtuse ; orifice
closed with connivent scales.
139. LYCOPSIS. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. infundibuliform ;
orifice closed with ovate, connivent scales. Seeds
perforate at the base.
* * Seeds fixed to a central column.
140. CYNOGLOSSUM. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. short, in-
fundibuliform ; orifice closed with connivent
scales. Seeds depressed.
. ROCHELIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. hypocrateriform ;
orifice closed with connivent scales. Seeds echi-
nate, compressed.
B. Flowers 1-petalled, inferior. Seeds in a pericarp-
* Fruit a capsule.
a. Capsule I -celled.
\&. ANAGALLIS. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. rotate, 5-
lobed. Fil. hirsute at the base. Caps, globose,
bursting all round transversely, many-seeded.
143. LYSIMACHIA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. rotate, (and
subcampanulate,) 5-cleft. Caps. l-celled,5 — 10-
valved.
: 14 . PRIMULA. Flowers in an involucrate umbel. Cal.
tubular, 5-toothed. Cor. hypocrateriform ; tube
cylindrical ; orifice naked ; border 5-lobed ; lobes
emarginate. Caps. 1-celled, opening with 10
teeth.
DODECATHEON. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. 5-parted ;
segments reflexed. Fil. very short ; anth. con-
nivent. Caps. 1-celled, oblong, opening at the
apex.
MENYANTHES. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. infundibuli-
form ; border spreading, 5-lobed, equal, hair}
within. Stig. capitate, sulcate. Caps. 1-celled,
2-valved ; valves seminiferous on the sides.
1.4.7. VILLARSIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. rotate, 5-lobed ;
segments bearded at the base, with their margins
indexed. Glands (nectaries,) 5, alternating with
the stamens. Stig. 2-lobed. Caps. 1-celled. %•
valved, many seeded.
PENTANDRIA.— MONQGYNIA. gi
148. HOTTONIA. Cal 5-parted. Cor. hypocrateriform.
5-lobed. Stam. seated upon the tube of the co-
rolla. Stig. globose. Caps. 1 -celled, globose,
acuminate.
149. SAMOLUS. Cal. 5-cleft, half superior. Cor. hy~
pocrateriform, 5-lobed, with 5 intermediate scales
(or sterile stamens.) Caps, half inferior, 1 -celled,
5-toothed, many-seeded ; receptacle unconnected.
150. SABBATIA. CaL 5-1 2-parted. Cor. rotate, 5-12^
parted. Stig. 2, spiral. Anth. at length revolute,
Caps. 1 -celled, 2-valved.
151. HYDROPHYLLUM. Cal. 5-parted. Cor.subcam-
panulate, 5-cleft, with 5 longitudinal, margined,
melliferous grooves on the insiste.
/3. Capsule 2-(3-)celled.
152. PHACELIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. subcampanulate,
5-cleft, with 5 longitudinal margined melliferous
grooves on the inside. Stam. exserted. Style fili-
form ; stig. 2. Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved, 4-seeded ;
each of the valves septiferous in the centre.
153. SPIGELIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. infundibuliform :
border 5-cleft, equal. Anth. convergent. Caps,
didymous, 2-celled, 4-valved, many-seeded.
154. VERBASCUM. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. rotate, 5-lobed,
unequal. Stam. declined, generally bearded. Stig.
simple. Caps. 2-celled, with inflexed valves,
many*-seeded.
I.V>. NICOT1ANA. Cal. tubular, 5-cleft. Cor. infundi-
buliform ; border plicate, 5-cleft. Stam. inclined.
Stig. capitate. Caps. 2-celled, 2 — 4-valved.
156. HYOSCYAMUS. Cal. tubular; border 5-cleft.
Cor. infundibuliform, 5-lobed, irregular ; lobes
entire. Slam, inclined. Caps. 2-celled, opercu-
late.
157. CONVOLVULUS. Cal. 5-parted, naked, or with
2 bracts at the base. Cor. campanulate, plicate.
Stig. 2. Caps. 2 — 3-celled, with as many valves ;
cells 1 — 2-seeded.
158. IPOIVLEA. Cal. 5-cleft, naked. Cor. infundibuli-
form, campanulate, 5-plaited. Stig. capitate* Caps,
2 — 3-celled, many-seeded.
92 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
y. Capsule 3 — b-celled.
159. PHLOX. Cal. deeply 5-cleft ; segments connivent.
Cor. hypocratenform ; border 5-lobed, flat ; tube
more or less curved. Stam. very unequal ; fil.
inserted into the tube of the corolla above the
middle. Caps, subrotund. 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
Seeds oblong, concave externally.
J 60. POLEMONIUM. Cal. campanulate, 5-cleft. Cor.
campanulate ; border 4— 5-lobed, erect ; tube
short, closed by 5staminiferous valves. Fil. beard-
ed at the base. Caps, subrotund, 3-celled ; cells
many-seeded ; valves membranaceo-crustaceous.
Seeds oblong, somewhat triangular.
161. DIAPENSIA. Cal. deeply 5-parted, with 3 bracts
at the base. Cor. hypocrateriform ; border 5-
cleft. Fil. compressed, inserted into the summit
of the tube, and alternating with the segments of
the corolla. Caps. 3-ceiled, 3-valved, many-
seeded.
J 62. DATURA. Cal. tubular, angular, deciduous j base
orbicular, persistent. Cor. infundibuliform, pli-
cate. Caps, ovate, 2-celled, 4-valved ; cells 2-
parted.
163. AZALEA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. short, campanulate.
5-cleft. Stam. equal, shorter than the corolla ;
anih. opening longitudinally. Style straight, in-
cluded. Caps. 5-celled, 5-valved. opening at the
top.
* * Fruit a berry.
vG4. PHYSAL1S. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. campanulate-
rotate. Stam. connivent. Berry 2-celled, covered
by the inflated calyx.
165. SOLANUM. Cal. 5— 10-parted. persistent. Cor.
rotate, 1-petalled, 5 — 6-lobed. Anth. oblong,
opening at the top by 2 pores. Berry 2 — 6-celled.
C. Flowers \-pelalled, superior.
* Fruit a capsule.
166. CAMPANULA. Ca/. mostly 5-cleft. Cor. campanu-
late, 5-cleft. Fil. dilated at the base. Stig. 3—5-
cieft. Capsule 3-(rarely 5-) celled, open by late-
ral pores.
PENTANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A. 93
167. LOBELIA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. irregular, 5-parted,
cleft on the upper side nearly to the base. Anth.
united into a tube. Stig. 2-lobed. Caps, inferior,
or semi-superior, 2 — 3-celled, 2-valved at the
apex.
168. DIERVILLA. Cal. oblong, 5-cleft, bracteate at the
base. Cor. infundibuliform, 5-cleft, spreading.
Stig. capitate. Stam. a little exserted. Caps, na-
ked, oblong, 4-celled, many-seeded.
* * Fruit a berry.
169. LONICERA. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. with the tube
elongated ; border 5-cleft, generally unequal.
Stam. exserted. Stig. globose. Berries distinct, 3-
celled, many-seeded.
170. XYLOSTEUM. I lowers by pairs on the summit
of the same peduncle. Cal. 5-toothed, with 2
connate bracts at the base. Cor. 5-cleft, subequal,
or bilabiate. Berries by pairs, more or less con-
nate, 2-celled, many seeded.
171. SYMPHORIA. Cal. minute, 4-toothed, with 2
small bracts at the base. Cor. subcampanulate,
short, 5-cleft, nearly equal. Stam. nearly exserted.
Stig. globose. Berry crowned with the persistent
calyx, 4-celled, 4-seeded ; 2 of the cells some-
times abortive.
172. TRIOSTEUM. Cal. 5-cleft ; segments linear,
nearly as long as the corolla. Cor. tubular, 5-
lobed, subequal, gibbous at the base. Stam. in-
cluded. Stig capitate, lobed. Berry 3-celled, 3-
seeded, crowned with the calyx.
D. Flowers 5-petalled, inferior.
* Fruit a capsule.
173. ITEA. Cal. minute, 5-cleft. Pet. linear, reflexed,
spreading, inserted upon the calyx. Stig. capitate,
2-lobed. Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded.
Seeds attached to the inflexed margins of the
valves.
174. IMPATIENS. Cal. 2-leaved, deciduous. Cor. ir-
regular. ./Vec<.cucullate,calcarate. Anth. cohering
at the apex. Caps, 5-valved, bursting elastically.
94 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
175. VIOLA. Cal. deeply 5-cleft, produced at the base*
Cor. 5-petalled, irregular ; upper petal cornicu-
late at the base. Anth. connivent, cohering. Caps.
1 -celled, 3-valved.
176. CLAYTONIA. Cal. 2-leaved. Pet. 5, emarginate..
Siig. 3-cleft. Caps. 1 -celled, 3-Talved, 3—5-
seeded. Seeds reniform.
177 CEANOTHUS. Cal. turbinate, 5-cleft. Pet. 5t
saccate and arched, with long claws. Stig. 3=
Caps, tricoccous, 3-celled, 3-seeded, 3-parted,
opening on the inner side.
178. EUONYMUS. Cal. 5-parted, or 5-cleft, its base
internally bearing a pei ate disk. Pet. 5, spread-
ing, inserted on tne outside margin of the glandu-
lar disk. Stam. 5. Caps. 5-angled, 5-celled, 5*
valved, coloured ; cells 2-lobed. Seeds arillate.
179. CELASTRU.S. Cal. 5-lobed, flat. Cor. 5-petalled.
Stam. seated around a 5-toothed glandulous disk.
Caps, or theca obtusely triangular, 3-celled, 3-
valved ; valves septiferous in the centre ; cells
1 — 2-seeded. Seeds covered with a 4-cleft co-
loured anllus.
* * Fruit a berry.
180. RHAMNUS. Ca/.urceolate,4— 5-cleft. Pet A— 5C
opposite the stamens, (sometimes abortive.) Stam.
4_5. Stig. 2—4 cleft. Berry 3— 4-seeded.
181. VITIS. Cat. minute, 5-toothed. Pet. 5, cohering
at the apex, deciduous. Siig . sessile, obtuse, capi-
tate. Berry 1 -celled, 5-seeded. Seeds subcordate.
182. CISSUS. Cal. minute, 4— 5-toothed. Pet. 4—5,
unconnected above, spreading, deciduous. Germ.
surrounded with a glandulous disk. Berry 2 — 4-
seeded.
E. Flowers 5-petalled, superior.
183. RIBES. Cal superior, campanulate, 5-cleft. Pet.
and stam. inseited upon the calyx. Style 2-cleft.
Berry many-seeded.
F. Flowers incomplete.
184. HAMILTONIA. Polygamous, perfect fl. Cal.
turbinate, campanuiate, 5-cleft. Cor. 0. Areet.
PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 95
with the disk 5-toothed. Style 1 ; stig. 2 — 3, sub-
lenticular ; germ, immersed in the nectary. Drupe
pyriform, 1 -seeded, enclosed in the adhering base
of the calyx, stam. fl. resembling the perfect,
except in wanting the pistil.
185. THESIUM. Cal. 1-leaved, tubular-campanulate,
4 — 5-cleft. Anth. attached to the calyx by a tuft
of filaments. Nut 1-seeded, covered with the per-
sistent calyx.
186. ANYCHIA. Cal. 5-parted ; segments oblong, con-
nivent, callous, and subsaccate at the apex. Cor.
0. Fil. 3 — 5, distinct, without intermediate setae.
Stig. subcapitate. Utriculus 1-seeded, covered by
the calyx.
187. GLAUX. Cal. campanulate, 5-lobed, coloured,
Cor. 0. Caps, globose, acuminate, 1 -celled, 5
valved, 5-seeded.
DIGYNIA.
A. Flowers monopetalous, inferior
* Follicles 2.
188. APOCYNUM. Cal. very small, 5-cleft. Cor.
campanulate ; border with 5 short spreading or
revolute lobes. Anth. saggitate, connivent,
cohering to the stigma by the middle. Glandular
teeth 5, acute, alternating with the stamens, and
opposite the segments of the corolla.
189. PERIPLOCA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. rotate, flat;
orifice surrounded with an urceolate, 5-cleft-
crown ; segments awned. Anth. bearded on the
back ; pollinia dilated at the apex and united to
the corpuscles of the stigma, solitary, composed
of four confluent grains.
190. GONOLOBUS. Cor. rotate, deeply 5-parted.
Staminial crown (lepa?ithium or nectary) scutel-
liform, pentangular. Anth. opening transversely,
terminated by a membrane. Pollinia 5-pairs,
not separating into grains. Stig. depressed-.
Seeds comose.
96 ' PENTANDRIA.— DIG YNI A.
191. ASCLEPIAS. Cal. small, 5-parted. Cor. rotate,
5-parted, mostly reflexed. Staminial crown sim-
ple, 5-leaved ; leaflets opposite the anthers, with
a subulate averted process at the base. Slig.
with the 5 angles (corpuscles) opening by
longitudinal chinks. Pollinia 5 distinct pairs.
* * Fruit capsular.
192. GENTIANA. Cal. 4— 5 parted, or cleft. Cor.
tubular at the base, campanulate ; border 4 — 6
cleft ; segments ciliate or entire, spreading, erect,
or connivent. Stam. included. Styles fi, or very
short; stig. 2. Caps. 1 -celled, 2-valved ; recept.
2, longitudinal.
193. CUSCUTA. Cal. 4—5 cleft. Cor. 4—5 cleft,
subcampanulate, marcescent. Caps 2-celled,
opening all round transversely ; cells 2-seeded.
B. Corolla 5-petalled, inferior.
194. HEUCHERA. CaL 5-cleft. Pet. 5, small, inserted
into the margin of the calyx. Caps, birostrate.
2-celled, many-seeded.
C. Corolla 5-petalled, superior.
195. PANAX. Polygamous. Flowers in a simple um-
bel. Perfect. Cal. 5-toothed. Pet. 5. Styles
2 — 3. Berry subcordate, 2 — 3-seeded. Sta-
minif. Cal. entire.
D. Flowers incomplete.
196. ATRIPLEX. Polgamous. Perfect vl. Cal.
5-parted, inferior. Cor. 0. Stam. 5. Style 2-
parted. Fruit depressed. Pistilif fl. Cal.
2-parted. Stam. 0. Fruit compressed. Seed
vertical.
197. CHENOPODIUM. Cal. 5-parted, obtusely pen-
tangular. Cor. 0. Style deeply bifid. Seed
lenticular, horizontal, partly covered by the
closing calyx.
198. SALSOLA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. 0. Style bifid.
Seed 1, horizontal, covered by the connivent ca-
lyx. Embryo cochleate.
PENTAXDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
199. ULMUS. Cat. campanulate, 4— 5-cleft. Cor. 0.
Samara compressed, with a broad membrana-
ceous border.
500. CELTIS. Polygamous. Perfect fl. Cal
inferior 5-parted. Cor. 0. Styles thick, divari-
cate. Drupe 1 -seeded, Stamwif. Cat. 6-partpd
Stam. 6.
E. UMBELUFER/E.
et. Umbels subcapifate.
201. ERYNGIUM. Flowers capitate. Recept. patea
ceous. Involucrum many-leaved, subspinous.
Pet. rcflexed.
202. SANICULA. Umb. nearly simple, capitate. In-
voluc. few-flowered, fl. polygamous. Col. 5
parted, persistent. Fruit oblong, solid, not rib
bed, armed with uncinate bristles.
b. Umbels imperfect. Involucrum obsolete or 0. (Leaves
confluent with the petiole, subsimple.)
803. HYDROCOTYLE. Umbel simple. Fruit with
the back and commissure narrow, laterally com-
pressed, subrotund, 3-ribbod, generally with
reticulate veins.
. 1. mbel perfect. Universal involucrum^ and sometime <
the partial wanting. Fruit ovate, solid, 5-
costate. [Leaves decompound.)
204. SISON. Fruit ovate, solid, 5-ribbed on tbe back ;
intervals convex ; sides contracted ; raphis exca-
vated.
205. CNIDIUM. Involucr. 1 -leaved, or 0. Fruit ovnie.
solid. Ribs 5, acute, somewhat winged ; interval?
-ulcate, striate.
<l. U ml eh perfect. Involucrum generally wanting. 1
corticate, solid or compressed, utricufatc.
206. SBfYRNIUM. Involucr. few-leaved, or 0. Fruit
-olid, ovate ; cortex black, 3-ribbed. Side* con-
tracted from tbe commissure. Albumen white
'"7 CICUTA. Involve, almost wanting. Fruit ovate,
solid, 5-ribbed ; intervals prominent.
I
98 PENTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.
e. Fruit hispid.
*08. DAUCUS. Involucr. pinnatifid. Fl. somewhat
radiant ; those of the disk abortive. Fruit ob-
long, with 5 aculeate ribs; intervals angular-
hispid.
f. Fruit pyramidal, rostrate. Involucrum 0.
£09. MYRRHIS. Fruit crowned with the pistils ; rib*
5, acute.
g. Fruit subovatc, costatc, sulcate. Universal and par
tial involucra various.
210. SIUM. Fruit somewhat prismatic, with 5 obtuse
ribs ; intervals subconvex. Involucr. entire.
2M. CONIUM. Fruit ovate, solid, with 5 obtuse ribs.
crenulate when immature ; intervals flat. Umbel
with universal and partial involucra.
212. LIGUST1CUM. Fruit ovate-oblong, with 5 acute-
ribs ; intervals sulcate. Universal and partial
involucra various.
h. Fruit compressed, fiat, often winged. Involucra va-
rious.
1 1 3. HERACLEUM. Fruit with a membranaceous mar
gin ; ribs 3, dorsal, obtuse ; intervals and commis-
sure with clavate spots. Fl. subradiant. Invo-
lucr. 0.
PASTINACA. Fruit oval, margined ; ribs obso
lete ; intervals striate ; commissures 2. Univer-
sal and partial involucra 0.
215. ANGELICA. Fruit subcompressed, with 3 acute
winged ribs; intervals sulcate ; margin membra
naceous.
216. THAPS1A. Fruit narrow, slightly compressed,
nearly ribless, with 2 dorsal and marginal wing?
Involucra 0.
TRIGYNIA.
* Flowers superior.
■ill. VIBURNUM. Cal. minute, 5-toothed, superior
Cor. 5-cleft ; lobes spreading or reflexed. SHg
nas nearly sessile. Berry Kce?'3.ed.
PENTANDRIA.— HEXAGYNIA. 09
US. SAMBUCUS. Cal. minute, 5-cleft. Cor. subro-
tate, 5-cleft. Stigmas minute, sessile. Berry
globose, 1 -celled, 3-seeded.
* Flowers inferior.
219. RHUS. CW. 5-parted. Pet. 5. £ern/ small, sub-
globose, with one bony seed.
220. STAPHYLEA. Cal. 5-parted, coloured. Petah
5, inserted upon the margin of a glandular, pen-
tangular disk. Caps. 2 — 3, inflated, partly uni-
ted. Seeds 1 — 2 in each capsule, subglobcse.
with a lateral cicatrix.
TETRAGYNIA.
221. PARNASSIA. Cal. 5-parted, persistent. Pet. b-
inferior. JVect. of 5 scales, inserted into the
claws of the petals, fringed with capitate cilia?.
Stig. 4, sessile. Caps. 1-celled, 4-valved ; valves-
hearing incomplete dissepiments in the middle.
Seeds membranaceously margined.
PENTAGYNIA.
J22. ARALIA. Flowers umbelled. Cal. 5-toothed.
superior. Pet. 5. Stig. sessile, subglobose.
Berry 5-celled, 5-seeded.
-J23. STATICE. Cal. inferior, 1 -leaved, entire, plaited.
scarious. Pet. 5. Caps. 1 -seeded, without valves
covered with the persistent calyx.
J 24. LINUM. Cal. deeply 5-parted, persistent. Pet.
5, unguiculatc. Fit. united at the buse. Caps.
superior, subglobose, 10-valved, 10-celled. Seed?
solitary, ovate, compressed.
!25. SIBBALDIA. Cal. 10-cleft, with the alternate
segments narrower. Pet. 5, inserted in the
calyx. Styles proceeding laterally from the ger-
men. Seeds 5, clustered in the bottom of tlir
calyx.
HEXAGYNIA.
DROSERA. Cal. deeply 5-cleft, persistent.
5. Anth. ad n ate. Style* »;. Caps, superior, ■'•
lied, 3 — 5-valved. many'
100 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
POLYGYNIA.
til. XANTIIORHIZA. Cat. 0. Pet. 5, Met. b,
obovate, pedicellate. Caps. 5 — 8; 1 -seeded
half2-valved.
MONOGYNIA,
134. PULMONARIA. Lung-wort. Boraginea.
P. virginica : smooth ; stem erect ; calyx much
shorter than the tube of the corolla ; radical leaver
obovate-oblong, obtuse ; stem leaves narrower.
HAB. Banks of rivers. May. If. Leav. smooth,
subglauc. ;fl. in term, racem., large , bine.
135. LITHOSPERMUM. Gromwell. Boraginea.
1. L. arvense : stem erect, branched; leaves linear-
lanceolate, rather acute, veinless, hairy; calyx
nearly as long as the corolla, with spreading seg-
ments ; seeds rugose.
HAB. Fields. Apr. — May. G- Hispid ly pilose, C—
12 in. high;fl. solitary, axilL, small, white.
2. L. officinale . stem erect, much branched ; leaves
lanceolate, acute, nerved, scabrous above, hair)
beneath ; calyx as long as the tube of the corolla ;
seeds smooth.
HAB. Massachusetts. May. U. Stem. 2 ft. high
scabr. ;Jl. axill., solit.y pedicell., pale yellow.
5, L. maritimum: very smooth; stem procumbent,
branched ; leaves oval, spathulate, fleshy ; corolla
scarcely twice the length of the calyx.
HAB. Sea shores. July. U. Stem diffuse ; jiedunc
lat . \-jl. ; cor. subcampan., blue.
\. L. canescens : stem erect, simple, villous ; leave*
oblong, obtuse, silky above, subvillose beneath ;
tube of the corolla as long again as the calyx.
HAB. Fairfield, New-York. June. U . Root large,
red;jl. subterm., bright orange.
>. L. denticulatum : stem erect; leaves nervose, sub-
glabrous, acute ; margin scabrous, with minute
teeth ; radical ones ovate ; those on the stem ob-
long ; segments of the calyx denticulate on the mar
PENTRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 101
HAB. New-York. June. H . Stem. 6— 10 i.
pedunc. many-Jl. ; cor. purple.
>j. L. hirtum : plant hirsute ; floral leaves ovate ; stem
leaves oblong ; calyx with long, lanceolate seg-
ments,
HAB. Pennsylvania. U. Stem 8 — 12 in; high ; ft.
in a term, raceme, orange.
136. ONOSMODIUM. Boraginece.
I. 0. hispidum : plant hispid; leaves obovate-lanceo-
late, papillose-punctate ; segments of the corolla
subulate.
HAB. Dry hills. Aug. U. Stem 1—2 ft. high; leav.
subtriply nerved; f. in leafy racemes, white.
-'. 0. molle : whole plant white villose ; leaves oblong-
oval, somewhat triply nerved ; segments of the co-
rolla semi-oval
HAB. Western countries. U« Resembles the prece-
ding, but has broader segments to the corolla.
7. ECMIUM. Viper's bugloss. Boraginew.
E. vulgare : stem tuberculide -hispid ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, hispid ; spikes lateral ; stamens longer
than the corolla.
HAB Hillsides. May— July. $. Stem 2— 3 ft
high; leav. very hispid; sptk, secund, recurved .. ft
blue.
138. MYOSOTIS. Scorpion-grass.
M. palustris: leaves lanceolate, a little scabious with
appressed hairs; peduncles divergent when in fruit,
twice as ! ng i-toothed spreading calyx ;
border of the corolla flat, longer than the tube.
UAB. Ditches and rivulets. May— July. U. Stem
a ft. high, slend. ; racemes long ; fl. small, i.
blue.
'. M. arvensis: loaves oblong-lanceolate, hairy;
ag ; ped t, spreading when in
fruil ; cal ' ; limb of the c
ding, about a^ long as the tube.
\ B. Sandy woods. June. Q. Plan:
IW PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
139. LYCOPSIS. Small Bugloss. Boragine*.
L. arvensis: leaves lanceolate, semiamplexicaul, re
pand-denticulate, very hispid; racemes leafy ; calyx
erect.
HAB. Sandy fields. July. 0. Very hispid; Jl. blue ,
seeds reticulate.
140. CYNOGLOSSUM. Hound's tongue. Boragineu.
I. C. officinale : leaves broad-lanceolate, attenuate at the
base, sessile, downy : stamens included.
HAB. Road sides. June— July. $. Didl green,
14 — 2 ft. high; jl. panic, pur p. -red ; seeds rough, i
I. C. "virginicum: leaves oval-oblong, acute, hairy ; up
per ones cordate and amplexicaul at the base ; co-
rymb on a long, naked peduncle.
HAB. Moist woods. May. U • Stem 2— 3 ft. high
retrorsely hairy ; leaves large ; Jl. blue and white.
Ml. ROCHELIA. Boragineu;.
■• Lappula: stem branched above ; leaves lanceo-
late, with incumbent hairs ; corolla longer than the
calyx ; border erect-spreading ; seeds with 2 row-
of hooked prickles on the margin.
HAB. Road-sides, kc. July — Aug. 0. Stem panic
above, 1 Jl. high ; J'uwcrs minute, blue.
>, R. virginiuna : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
scabrous above ; racemes divaricate ; flowers nod-
ding when m fruit ; fruit densely covered with
hooked prickles.
IIAB. Rocky hills. July. <£. Stem 2 ft. high, hairy ;
leaves large ; Jl. very small, while.
142. ANAGALL1S. Pimpernel. Lysimachiw.
A. arvtnsis : stem procumbent ; leaves ovate, sessile,
dotted beneath; segments of the corolla dilated.,
crenate-glandular.
HAB. Sandy iielcs, &c. June — July. ©. Stem quad-
rang. ; leav. oppos. ; ft. solitary, axil I. scai-lei.
143. LYSIMACHIA. Loosestrife. Lysimachut.
L. stricta : raceme terminal, very long, lax ; leave
opposite, lanceolate, sessile.
PENTANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A. 109
HAB. Low grounds. July — Aug. U . Very smooth; 18
in. high ; axils often bulbif. ; fl. yell.
2. L. quadrifolia : leaves verticillate, in fours and fives,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; peduncles axillary, 1-
flowered, by fours ; segments of the corolla oval,
entire, often obtuse.
HAB. Low grounds. June — July. H. Stem 12 — 16
in. high, a little hairy ; leav. punct. ; fl. yell. ; stam,
uneq.
3. L. ciliata: stem nearly smooth ; leaves opposite, on
long petioles, subcordate-ovate, acuminate ; petioles
ciliate ; peduncles subgeminate ; flowers nodding.
II A B. Low grounds. July. U . Stem 2 — 3 ft. high .
leav. large ; stam. nearly equal, with intermed. teeth,
1. L. hyhrida: stem smooth ; leaves opposite, petiolate,
lanceolate, acute at each extremity ; petioles ciliate ;
flowers nodding ; peduncles axillary ; corolla ere
nulate.
HAB. Swamps. July — Aug. U . 18 in. high ; inf.
leav. ovate-Ian. ; stam. nearly equal, with intermed.
teeth. *
"j. L. longifolia : stem branched, smooth ; leaves oppo-
site, sessile, linear, very long ; upper ones in fours .
peduncles by fours, subterminal, 1 -flowered ; seg-
ments of the corolla ovate, acuminate, serrulate.
HAB. Wet woods. U . Stem 2— 3 ft. high ; leav. 2
I in. broad, flat ; floral ones verticil I. ; stam. subequal.
o. L. capitata: stem subsimple, punctate ; leaves oppo-
site, sessile, broad-lanceolate, punctate; peduncles
axillary, elongated; flowers in dense subglobosr
heads, G — 7- parted.
HAD. Swamps. June. U. Stem IQ in. high, terete ;
leav. punct. ; heads pedunc. ; stam. G — 7, much ex-
scrted.
T. L. revoluta : stem quadrangular, branched ; leave-
opposite, sessile, long linear ; margin revolute ; pe
duncles I -flowered, Bubterminal, nodding
HAB. Wet calcareous rocks. Aug. U. I'cry smooth,
12 — 18 in. high; leaves .'3 in. long, % tin. broad ;
tinlh. very large.
ill. PRIMULA. Primrose. Lysiniachur.
P. forinosa .3. amtricana r leaves oboyate apatho-'
PENTANDRIA— MONOGYNIA.
late, repandly crenate-dentate, pulverulent be-
neath; umbel many -flowered; peduncles spread-
ing ; border of the corolla flat, as long as the tube,
with obtuse, obcordate segments.
IIAB. Shores of lakes. H. Leaves all rad.witha
yellowish- green powder beneath; fl. pale purp.
115. DODECATHEON. American Cowslip.
Lysimachim.
I. D. meadia : leaves oblong-oval, repandly toothed ,
umbel many flowered, lax ; bracts oval.
HAB. Rocky river sides- May. U. Leav. rad., A
in. long: scape 8 — 10 in. long; Jl, nodding, -purp.
I. D. integrifotium : leaves oblong-oval, subspathulate :
umbel few-flowered, straight ; bracts linear.
HAB. Mountains. U . FL pale blue, smaller than the
preceding.
146. MENYANTHES. Buck-bean. Gentians.
M. trifoliate: leaves ternate.
(TAB. Swamps. May. H . Stem a span high ; leaflet*
obovate : fl. reddish-white, in a pyramidal raceme.
147. VILLARS1A. Gentiance.
V. lacunosa : leaves reniform, subpeltate, slightly
crenate, lacuuose beneath ; petioles bearing the
flowers : corolla smooth.
HAB. In ponds, floating. Au<;. U . Petioles very long ;
leav. 1 in. long ; fl. subumbellate, white.
148. HOTTONIA. Water-feather. Lysimachice.
B. inflata : scape articulate, with thfi inte modes and
lower part inflated ; flowers verticillate, peduncu-
late.
OAB. Swamps, — subaquatic. H. Stem thick ■ tear.
ctinnte ; fl. white.
M9. SAMOLUS. Brookweed. Lysimachim.
>. valerandi: stem erect ; leaves obovate ; raceme?
elongated, many-flowered.
HAB. Wet places. June— Oct. U. 8-^10 in. High
a., minute, a :-.
PENTANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A. 105
150. SABBATIA. Genliance.
1. S. campanulata : leaves sublinear ; calyx as long as
the corolla.
HAB. Wet pastures. Afoot high, terete; fi> subsoil
tary, purp.; seg. of cal. subulate.
2. S. stellaris : stem terete ; branches dichotomous..
elongated, 1-flowered ; leaves lanceolate, acute ,
segments of the calyx subulate, half as long as the
corolla ; segments of the corolla obovate.
HAB. Salt-marshes. Aug. $ . Afoot high, subangular;
fl. rose-col., with a yell, centre.
3. S. angularis : stem quadrangular, somewhat winged :
leaves ovate, amplexicaul ; peduncles elongated,
corymbed ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, much
shorter than the corolla.
HAB. Moist meadows. Aug. ©and $. A foot high,
branched; fl. rose-col.; seg. obovate.
\. S. calycosa : stem erect, few-flowered ; leaves ob-
long; flowers solitary, 7— 9-parted ; calyx folia
ceous, longer than the corolla.
HAB. Wet meadows. £? Afoot high, very leafy ;
segments of the cal. lanceol. ;fl. rose-col.
5. S. chloroides : stem weak ; leaves lanceolate, erect ;
branches 1-flowered; flowers 7 — 12-parted ; seg-
ments of the calyx linear, shorter than the corolla.
HAB. Brackish bog-meadows. Aug. £. Stem 2 — 3
ft. high; fl. mostly 9-parted, 2 in. in diameter,
bright rose-colour.
0. S. corymbosa : leaves ovate, closely sessile ; stem
acutely angled ; flowers corymbed ; segments of the
calyx subulate, much shorter than the corolla.
HAB. Swamps. Aug.— Sept. U. A foot high: co-
rymb, fcw-fl. ; fl. white, sometimes 4-paried.
151. HYDROPHYLLUM. Water-leaf. Boragincu
1. H. virginicum : stem nearly smooth ; leaves pinna
tifid and pinnate ; segments oval-lanceolate, with
deep serratures ; fascicles of flowers conglomerate
peduncles longer than the petioles.
HAB. Woods. May— June. U . Stem U ft. high.
leav. 2 — 3. large; cor. white, with . purp. reins.
I. II. canadense: somewhat hairy; leave* angulark
|*6 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
somewhat 5 lobed, remotely serrate ; peduncle
shorter than the petioles.
IIAB. Woods and mountains. June. U . Leav. on
long petiol., suhcordate ;fi. white and pur p.
>. H. appendiculatum : very hairy ; radical leaves sub-
pinnatifid ; cauline ones angularly lobed ; sinuses oi
the calyx with minute oval appendages.
HAB. Shady wet rocks. May. $ Almost hispid ;
fl. subpanic, on short pedunc, hive.
152. PHACELIA. Boraginece.
T. P. bipinnatifida : stem erect; leaves pinnatifid ; seg
ments incisely lobed ; racemes mostly bifid, oblong,
many-flowered ; divisions of the corolla entire.
HAB. Mountainous regions. May — June. U ? Hairy;
j\. in term, subsecund racemes* blue.
2. P. fimbriata : stem ascending, hairy ; leaves with
undivided lobes ; segments of the corolla fimbriate.
HAB. Western countries. U,0. Racemes short, at
first revolute ; cal. hispid ;Jl. blue.
3. P. parviflora : stem diffuse, pubescent ; leaves sub-
sessile, phraatifid , wguHjntS oblong, rather obtuse,
entire ; racemes solitary ; pedicels short ; segment*
of the corolla round, very entire.
IIAB. Pennsylvania. May. 0. Stem 6 — 8 in, high ,
slender ;fl. pale blue or white; stam. short.
153. SPIGELIA. Carolina Pink-root. Gentiancr.
S. marilandica : stem simple, quadrangular ; leaves
all opposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate.
HAB. Woods. June. U- A foot high; fl. fusiform.
crimson, in a secund terminal raceme.
154. VERBASCUM. Mullein. Solanea:.
i. V. Thapsus : leaves decurrent, woolly on both sides ;
raceme spiked, dense ; two of the stamens glabrous.
HAB. Fields, road-sides, &c. June— Aug. $. Stem
3 — ft ft. high;fl. bright yellow in very long spikes.
.'. V. Blaitaria : leaves amplexicaul, oblong, smooth, ser
rate ; peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary
HAB. Old fields he. June— July. V 2 fi' hi8h>
ang. ; raceme leafy ; pedicels 1 in. long : stam. uneQ
«.. alba : leaves toothed ; flowers white.
H. lutea : leaves doubly serrate ; flowers yellow.
PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. i07
'. V. Lychnilis : leaves oblong-cuneiform, naked above :
stem angular, panicled.
HAB. River banks. $. Leaves very woolly beneath,
fl. pale yellow.
155. NICOTIANA. Tobacco. Solanea?,
N*. rustica: stem terete ; leaves petiolate, ovate, vert-
entire ; tube of the corolla cylindrical, longer than
the calyx ; segments round.
HAB. Borders of lakes. 0. Viscosc-pubes. lift.
high ;fl. in a term, pan., dull greenish- yellow. §
156. HYOSCYAMUS. Henbane. Solanece,
II. niger : leaves amplexicaul, sinuate ; flowers sub
sessile ; corolla reticulate.
HAB. Road-sides and rubbish. June. 0, $. His
pidly-pilose, foetid ; fl. in recurved spikes, dingy yel-
low. §
157. CONVOLVULUS. Bind weed. Convolvuli
1. C. arvensis : stem climbing; leaves sagittate, with
the lobes acute; peduncles mostly 1 -flowered ;
bracts acute, remote from the flowers.
II AB. Fields. V-- June. Stem a little hairy ; leav .
obtuse ; fl. smalt, white ; stig. linear.
\ C. Sepium : stem climbing; leaves sagittate; very
acute ; lobes truncate ; bracts close to the flower,
acute, longer than the calyx ; peduncles quadran
gular, 1 -flowered.
HAB. Hedges ami low grounds. June — July. 2£.
Lcav. cordate-sagittaie ; pedunc. long ; fl. lar<ref
white.
I G. panduratus : stem climbing ; leaves cordate, entire
or lobed, pandunform ; peduncles long; flowers
fasciculate ; calyx smooth ; corolla tubular-cam-
panulate.
HAB. Sandy fields, if.. Aug. Root very large;
tiem mostly trailing ; pedunc. 1 — I fl. ; tube of th:
cor. pur p.
tpithamceus : stem erect or trailing ; leaves oval
or oblong, subcordate, pubescent ; peduncles l-
flowered, generally longer than the leaves.
tods. June. U. Stem 1 — 3 ft. long,
. obtztsc or acum. ; bracts l:v<rr.
103 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
158. IPOMJEA. ConvolvulL
I. I. purpurea: leaves cordate, entire ; peduncles 2—
3-flowered ; pedicels incrassated, nodding ; capsule
smooth.
IIAB. Cultivated grounds and waste places. Juljr —
Aug. 0. Stem hairy, twining ; cor. large, blue
and purp.
2i I. lacunosa: stem smooth; leaves cordate, acumi-
nate, angular at the base ; peduncles short, gene-
rally 1 -flowered ; calyx hairy ; corolla tubular,
short ; capsule hairy.
HAB. Pennsylvania. Aug.— Sept. ©. Flower?
white, with a purp. rim.
5, I. Ml: stem hairy ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; pe-
duncles short, 1— 3-flowered ; calyx very vil-
lous ; segments acuminate.
HAB. Hedges and gardens. ©. Leaves acuta., 3-
f lobedwhen old ; cor. infund., white at base.
159. PHLOX. Polemonia.
L. P. paniculata: stem erect, smooth; leaves lanceo-
late, flat ; corymb paniculate ; segments of the
corolla rounded.
HAB. Moist meadows. V-. June. Stem 2— 3 ft.
high; leav. acum. ; cor. purp. ; tube pubes.
I. P. pyramidalis : erect, smooth ; stem scabrous ;
leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate ; panicle fastigiate,
pyramidal; segments of the corolla cuneate ; trun-
cate ; teeth of the calyx somewhat erect, lanceo-
late, acute.
HAB. Mountain meadows. Aug. If.. Stem 2-— 3
ft. high, spotted with red ; fl. purp. ; teeth of the
cal. short.
A. P. maculala : erect ; stem scabrous and spotted ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth, scabrous on the
margin ; panicle oblong, many-flowered ; segments
of the corolla rounded ; teeth of the cahx acute,
recurved.
HAB. Rich moist meadows. June. V-. Stem 2Lr
ft. high, simp. ; upper leav. ovate; Jl. pale purp.
%. suaveolens : stem not spotted ; corolla white.
• f. P. aristala : stem erect, weak, viscid -pubescent \
leave? linear-lanceolate ; panicle lax. fastigiate :
PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 109
segments of the corolla obovate ; tube curved,
pubescent ; teeth of the calyx very long, subulate.
MAB. Wet meadows. June. l[. Stem \j ft. high,
villose-pubes. ; teeth of the cal. aristate ; cor. pale
purp. or white.
P. divaricata : stem low, pubescent, decumbent ;
leaves oval-lanceolate ; upper ones alternate ;
branches divaricate, loose, few-flowered ; segments
of the corolla obcordale ; teeth of the calyx subu-
late-linear.
HAB. Rocky banks. July, li . Stems numerous,
9 — 12 in. high : fl. in term, pan., blue ; cal. erect.
P. reptans : pubescent, with creeping stolons ; radi-
cal leaves spathulate-obovate ; stem-leaves oval-
lanceolate ; corymb few-flowered, divaricate ; seg-
ments of the corolla obovate ; teeth of the calyx
subulate, reflexed.
HAB. Mountains. June. ii. . Stem 6 — 8 in. high,
erect; corymb i — 6-/1.; cal. pubes. ;fl. blue-
P. subulata: cespitose, pubescent; leaves 1'near-
subulate, rigid, ciliate ; corymb few-flowered;
segments of the corolla cuneate, emarginate ; calyx
with subulate teeth about as long as the tube of the
corolla.
HAB. Rocky hills. April — May. H. Procumb.,
branching, 3 — 4 in. high ; lower leav. fascic. ; fl.
pink.
P. setacea : cespitose, pubescent : leaves fasciculate*
subulate, ciliate, rigid ; flowers few, terminal, some-
what umbelled ; segments of the corolla cuneate,
emarginate ; teeth of the calyx subulate, much
shorter than the tube of the corolla.
HAB. Rocks and sandy hills. May. V-. Stem as -
surgent ; leav. longer than Ao. 7. ; fl. pale rose-col
100. POLEMONIUM. Jacobs-ladder. Polcmoma.
P. reptans : leaves pinnate ; leaflets about 7 ; flow
ers terminal, nodding.
HAB. Fertile hills. May U Root creeping; stctn
f.rcct, 1 ft. high; fl. aubcorymb.. blvc.
K
1 10 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
161. DIAPENSIA. Convolvuli.
J. D. lapponica : cespitose ; leaves spathulate, smooth
flowers pedunculate ; anthers simple.
HAB. High mountains. June. U . Evergreen .
leav. much crowded, a little recurv.;Jl. term., white.
2. D. barbulata : creeping; leaves cuneate-lanceolate,
pubescent at the base ; flowers sessile ; anthers
beaked at the base.
HAB. Pine barrens and high mountains. May —
June. Evergreen, forming mats ; fl. solit., term..
white.
162. DATURA. Thorn-apple. Solanem.
D. Stramonium : capsule spiny, erect ; leaves ovate,
smooth, angular-dentate.
HAB. Waste-places. July — Sept. 0. Stem 2 — 7
ft. high, dichot., green ; fl. solitary, axill., white.
3. Tatula : stem and flowers purple.
163. AZALEA. Rhododendra.
A. procumbens.
HAB. High mountains. July. Tj • Evergreen, ces-
pitose, 3 — 4 in. long; leav. oppos., ellipt. ; fl. in
small term, umb., rose-col.
164. PHYSALIS. Ground-cherry. Solanea.
1. P. obscura : pubescent ; stems prostrate, divaricate ;
leaves broad-cordate, subsolitary, unequally and
coarsely toothed ; flowers solitary, nodding ; calyx
very hairy.
HAB. Woods and hills. Aug. © . Stem forked .
leav. on long petioles ; fl. pedunc, dull yell.
2. P. vicosa : leaves by pairs, subcordate-oval, repanw.
obtuse, subtomentose ; stem herbaceous, panicu-
late above ; fruit bearing calyx pubescent.
HAB. Road sides, &c. ©. Stem erect, 2—3 ft.
high, dichot.; fl. yell., spotted at the base.
}. P. pennsylvanica : leaves ovate, subrepand, obtuse.
nearly naked ; stem herbaceous, branched ; pedun
cles solitary, a little longer than the petioles.
HAB. Road sides and rubbish. July — Sept. U .
Erect or procumb., 1 ft. high ; fl. yell., not spotted
PENTANDR I A.— MONOGYNIA. 1 1 1
.P. lanceolate : leaves geminate, oval-lanceolate-
entire, narrowed at the base into a petiole ; stem
herbaceous, dichotomous ; calyx villous.
HAB. Pennsylvania. V-. Stem 1—2 ft. high,
densely pubes. ; Jl. pale yell., spotted.
165. SOLANUM. Nightshade. Solanece.
i. S. Dulcamara: stem fruticose, flexuous, withoui
thorns ; leaves ovate-cordate ; superior ones has-
tate ; corymbs opposite the leaves.
HAB. Low grounds. July — Aug. T?. Climbing:
Jl. in lateral clusters, violet; berries red.
2. S. nigrum }. virginianum : stem herbaceous, with-
out thorns, angular, toothed ; leaves ovate, ob-
tusely toothed and waved ; flowers subumbelled.
HAB. Old fields, &c. July— Aug. © . Stem dif-
fuse, slightly winged ; Jl. white ; berries black.
3. S. carolinense : stem annual, aculeate ; leaves ovate-
oblong, tomentose, hastate and sinuate-angular,
acuminate ; racemes simple, lax.
HAB. Fields. June. V- . Erect, branched, 1 ft.
high, armed with yell, prickles ; Jl. xvhite or pale
Hue ; berries yell.
166. CAMPANULA. Bell-flower. Campanula.
i. C. rotundifolia : glabrous; radical leaves reniform-
cordate, crenate ; cauline ones linear, entire ; pa*
nicle lax, few-flowered.
HAB. Rocky river banks. June. If.. Root creep-
ing ; stem erect; fl. few, drooping^ blue.
2. C. amplexicaulis : stem simple, erect; leaves cor-
date, crenate, amplexicaul ; flowers axillary, sessile.,
glomerate.
HAB. Fields and dry hills. May— July, © . Stem
8 — 12 in. high, hispid ; leav. veined ; Jl. purp.
. americana : leaves ovate lanceolate, much acumi-
nate, membranaceous, uncinately serrate ; lower
ones subcordate, with the petioles ciliate ; flowers
subsolitary, nearly sessile, in a terminal leafy ra-
ceme ; corolla subrotate ; style exserted.
HAB. Wet rocks. Aug. ^. Stem 2 ft. high,
simp. ; pedicels short, clavate ; fl. blue, flat.
112 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
I. C. acuminata: nearly smooth ; stem straight, erect,
leaves lanceolate, attenuated to a long point, sub-
serrate ; spike fasciculate, many-flowered; corolla
subrotate.
HAB. High mountains. %. Stem erect, 2 — 3 ft,
high ; leav. remotely serrate ; ft. by threes, blue.
5. C. aparanoia'es : stem blender, branched, acutely
subtriangular ; angles, with the margin and nerves
of the leaves, retrorsely aculeate ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, smooth above ; peduncles few, terminal,
filiform, flexuous, 1 -flowered.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — Aug. © . Erect or
diffuse, 1 ft. high ; leav. dentic. ; ft. small, white.
167. LOBELIA. Lobeliucece.
1 . L. Dortmanna : leaves linear, fleshy, 2-celIed, ob-
tuse ; scape nearly naked ; flowers racemed, remote.
HAB. Swamps. — subaquatic. July. If.. Leaves
immersed : radical ones spreading ; scape long.
3 — 4-ft ; cor. blue.
2. L. Kalmii : whole plant smooth; stem slender,
erect, branched ; leaves linear, remotely denticu-
late ; radical ones spathulate ; raceme lax, few-
flowered, leafy ; peduncles longer than the fruit,
with 2 minute bracts near the flower ; capsule at-
tenuate at the base.
HAB. Rocky banks of rivers. July — Aug. $ ?
Stem 12 — 18 in. high ; pedunc. 1 in. long ; ft. pah
blue.
j. L. Nuttallii : stem erect, minutely scabrous, simple,
or with filiform branches ; leaves oblong-linear,
denticulate ; flowers in slender racemes, distant ;
peduncles coloured, shorter than the flower, with
minute bracts near the base ; capsule obtuse be-
low.
HAB. Borders of sandy swamps. Aug. $. Stem
slender, 2 ft. high ; seg. of the cal. longer than thf
caps. ; ft. pale blue.
t. L. Claytoniana : stem erect, simple, pubescent ;
leaves oblong, pubescent, obtuse, nearly entire ;
radical ones spathulate : raceme virgate, naked ;
PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. lis
segments of the calyx subulate ; nearly as long as
the tube of the corolla.
HAB. Dry woods and fields. Aug. 2£. Stem 1J — 2
ft. high; rad. leav. nearly entire ; fi. patt blue,
o. L. puberula : pubescent ; stem erect, simple ; leaves
oblong-oval, obtuse, repand-serrulate ; *pike se-
cund, leafy at the base ; segments of the calyx
longer than the tube of the corolla, ciliate.
HAB. Mountains. Sept. M . Stem 2 ft. high:
rad. leav. obovate ; sinuses of the cal. reflexed ; fi.
large, blue.
6. L. siphilitica : stem erect, rather hairy; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrate ; raceme leafy ;
calyx hairy, with the sinuses reflexed.
HAB. Wet meadows. Sept. ii . Stem lj— 2 ft.
high ; fi. on short pcdic, large, bright blue.
7. L. infiata : stem hairy, branched ; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate ; racemes leafy, somewhat paniculate ; cap-
sules inflated.
HAB. Fields. Aug. 0. Acrid, a foot or more
high ; leav. crenate ; fi. pedunc, small, pale blue.
&. L. Cardinalis: stem erect; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
serrate ; raceme secund, somewhat leafy ; stamens
longer than the corolla.
HAB. Wet grounds. July — Aug. y.. 2 ft. high,
very smooth ; fi. large, bright scarlet.
168. DIERV1LLA. Caprifolia.
1). Tournefortii.
1IAB. Rocky woods. June. ^. Shrub 2 — 3 rf
high, branched ; leav. oppos., ovate, acum., serraL '.
pedunc. axilL, 2 — 3-fi. ; cor. yell.
169. LONICERA. Honey-suckle. Caprifolia.
i ],. hirsuta: spikes verticillate, terminal, subcapitate,
L'landular-pubescent ; leaves broad-ovate and obo-
vate, pubescent and ciliate, glaucous beneath ■
upper ones connate-perfoliate, nearly smooth.
!JAB. Rocky woods. June Tj. Climbing; leav
decid., nearly scss., sometimes almost smooth ; fi
veil., pubes. ; berries orange, glandular -pub es.
K 8
14 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
, L. flava : spikes verticillate, capitate, terminal ; co-
rolla somewhat ringent ; segments oblong, obtuse ;
leaves ovate, glaucous beneath, with a cartilaginous
margin ; upper ones connate-perfoliate.
HAB. Mountains. June — July. Tj. Climbing;
leav. decid., smooth, veined ; Jl. bright yell.; tube
hairy.
, L. parvijlora: spikes verticillate, capitate; leaves
deciduous, glaucous beneath, all of them connate-
perfoliate ; corolla ringent, gibbous at the base :
filaments bearded.
HAB. Rocky places. June. ?2. Climbing; glau-
cous, leav. ovate or oblong ; Jl. yell. ; berries red.
. L. grata: flowers verticillate, terminal ; leaves pe-
rennial ; obovate, glaucous beneath ; upper ones
connate-perfoliate.
HAB. Swamps and mountains. Tj. Climbing or
erect ; Ji. inclining to scarlet, ringent; berries red.
1. L. sempervirens : spike somewhat naked, verticil-
late, terminal ; leaves oblong, glaucous beneath .
upper ones connate-perfoliate ; corolla nearly
equal, with the tube above ventricose.
HAB. Dry stony woods. May — Aug. Tj . Ever-
green ; leav. a little hairy above ; Jl. crimson; ber-
ries, scarlet.
170. XYLOSTEUM. Caprifolia.
, X. ciliatum : leaves ovate and subcordate, ciliate
the younger ones villous beneath ; lube of the
corolla calcarate at the base, ventricose above
segments short, acute ; style exserted.
HAB. Mountains. May— June. Tj. 3— 4 ft. high
branch spreading ; leav .on short pet. ; Jl. axill., yell
I, X. villosum : berries coadunate ; leaves oblong an(
Oval, obtuse ; the younger ones, with the corolla
villous ; peduncles much shorter than the flower
HAB. Mountain swamps. May. T3. 2 — 4 ft,
high ; young branch, vill. ; jl. axil!. , yell. ; berries rec
or pur p.
171. SYMPHORIA. Peter's-wort. Caprifolia.
■ S. glomerala : racemes axillary, capitate, conglome-
rate.
PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 1 15
HAB. Pennsylvania. Aug. T2. 3—4 ft. high;
bran, erect, pubes.; leav. oppos., ovate, entire; Jl,
greenish-red, small ; berries purp.
'2. S. racemosa : racemes terminal ; corolla bearded
within.
HAB. Rocks. July. V 2— 3 ft. high, branched ;
fl. small, pale red ; berries large white.
172. TRIOSTEUM. Fever-wort. Caprifolia.
T. perfoiiatum : leaves oval, acuminate, abruptly
narrowed at the base, connate, pubescent beneath ;
axils 1 — 3-flowered.
HAB. Rocky woods. June. U. Stem 2— 3 ft.
high; leav. large ; fl. sess., dull pur p. ; berries
orange.
173. ITEA. Saxifrages.
I. virginica.
HAB. Swamps. June. Tj. 4 — 8 ft. high; leav,
altern., lanceol., acum., serrul. ; Jl. in simp, term,
racemes, white, pubes. within.
174. IMPATIENS. Balsam. Papaveracece.
\. I. pallida: peduncles solitary, 3— 4-flowered ; nec-
tary obtusely conic, dilated, shorter than the pe-
tals ; spur recurved, very short ; flowers sparingly
punctate ; leaves rhombic-ovate, mucronately
toothed.
HAB. Wet shady places. Aug. ©. Stem 2 ft.
high, tender and succul. ; leav. altern. ; fl. {yell. ;
seeds ellip.
2. I. fulva : peduncles solitary, 3 — 4-flowered ; nec-
tary acutely conic, longer than the petals ; spui
resupinate, emarginate, nearly as long as the galea :
flowers with crowded spots ; leaves rhombic-ovate,
obtuse, mucronate toothed.
HAB. Wet shady places. Aug. ©. Plant glauc .
and diaph. ; caps, b-ang., 3 — 6-secded ; seeds pri*-
mat.
Mo. VIOLA. Violet. Fiolacecr.
* Slemless.
t Flowers blue.
K V. ptdatei : leaves pedatc, nearly smooth, about 7-
1 16 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
parted ; segments linear-lanceolate, entire ; stigma
large, obliquely truncate, and perforate at the apex.
HAB. Rocky hills and dry woods. May. U . Leav.
with, obtuse seg. ; slip, ciliate ; Jl. large, pale blue.
2. V. palmata: pubescent; leaves cordate, (rarely
entire,) palmate, or hastate-lobed ; lobe9 crenate
and toothed, the middle one much the largest ; 2
lateral petals bearded ; stigma margined, depressed.
HAB. Low grounds. May. U . Leaves never
smooth ; slip. Ian. ; fl. middle sized; stig. rostrate.
3. V. sagittata : leaves oblong, acute, cordate-sagittate,
incised at the base ; flowers inverted ; inferior
petal bearded, the rest bearded.
HAB. Hills and fields. April— May. II. Leav.
pubes. above; stip. lin. ; Jl. middle-sized, purp. ;
spur short.
/3. emarginata : leaves almost triangular, lacerately
toothed near the base ; petals emarginate or biden-
tate.
HAB. Sandy fields and river-banks.
1. V. ovata : leaves ovate, subcordate, crenate, often
lacerately toothed at the base, pubescent on both
sides ; petiole margined ; segments of the calyx
oblong-lanceolate, hairy.
HAB. Dry hills. April — May. U. . Leav. gene-
rally almost woolly ; Jl. middle-sized; stig. recurv..
rost.
~*. V. cucullata : very smooth ; leaves cordate, cucul
late at the base, serrate ; stipules linear ; inferior
and lateral petals bearded.
HAB. Wet meadows. April— May. U. Leav.
subrenif, on long petioles ; beard of the pet. rigid.
i. V. obliqua: smooth: leaves cordate, acute, flat, cre-
nate-serrate ; flowers obliquely bent; lateral pe-
tals bearded; inferior ones acute, carinate ; sti-
pules lanceolate.
HAB. Wet meadows. U . May. Scape long, -with
minute bracts ; beard of the petals globose-clavate.
7. V. villosa : leaves renif'orm-cordate, flat, very pu
bescent ; segments of the calyx auriculate at the
base ; stigma deflexed ; margin cupuliform.
HAB. Rocky hills. U . May. Leav. spreading on
rite ground, purp. beneath : pet, oblon*.
PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 1 17
3. cordata : leaves cordate, rather acute ; segments
of the calyx scarcely produced at the base.
HAB. Hills and dry woods. April — May. U . Leav,
thickish, smooth below ; sinus small.
| t Flowers yellow.
8. V. rotundifolia : leaves orbicular-ovate, cordate;
slightly crenate, nearly smooth ; sinus closed ; pe-
tiole pubescent ; lateral petals bearded ; segments
of the calyx obtuse ; spur nearly obsolete.
HAB. Shady rocky woods. May. U . Leav. op-
press, to the earth, on short pet. ; pet. broad-ovate^
striate.
t | t Flowers somewhat regular, small, white.
9. V. lanceola'a : leaves very smooth, lanceolate,
attenuated into a petiole at the base, rather obtuse,
subserrate ; petals beardless*
HAB. Wet meadows. April — May. tf . Leav. 2
— 4 in. long, very narrow ; Ji. inodorous, veined.
10. V. acuta: leaves ovate lanceolate, smooth, abruptly
decurrent at the base ; bracts lanceolate-linear ;
petals acute, of nearly equal length, beardless.
HAB. Moist grounds. May. U . Leav. rarely
biibcord. ; pe' ovate, lowest one veined.
11. V. prir/iultrfoliri : leaves oblong;, subcordate, ab-
ruptly decurrent on the petiole ; nerves beneath,
and the scape, subpubescent ; lateral petals
bearded.
HAB. Wet meadows. April — May. U . Leav.
more or less ob'use ; fl. tidor-us ; pet. obovate.
12. V. blanda : leaves broad-cordate, slightly pubes-
cent above ; sinus rounded ; petiole smooth ; flow
ers beardless.
HAB. Wet grounds. April — May. U. Leav.
nearly flat, membran., oftemubrenif. ;jl. odorous,
J 3. V. clande.itina : leaves orbicular, rather obtuse,
smoothish, crenate-gerrate, with glandular serra-
tures ; ?inus closed, cordate ; stolons tloriferous ;
petals linear, scarcely longer than the calyx.
1 1 8 PENT ANDRI A.— MONOGYNIA.
HAB. Mountains. June— Sept. U. Leaves large,
thin ; scape very short ; fl. concealed. A var. oi"
No. 12?
* * Caulescent.
14. V. canadensis : nearly smooth ; leaves cordate:
acuminate, serrate ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves ; petals oblong, narrow ; stipules ovate-
lanceolate, entire.
HAB. Moist rocky woods. May — July, U . Stem
6 — 18 in. high> erect, simp. ; fl. large, blue.
15. V. ochrolevca : stem somewhat erect, branched,
smooth ; leaves round-cordate ; upper ones a lit-
tle acuminate ; stipules oblong-lanceolate, dentate-
ciliate ; stigma tubular, recurved, pubescent at
the summit.
HAB. Wet grounds. May. U. Stem 6—8 in.
long ; fl. yellowish -white, large ; pet. obtuse.
16. V. Muhlenberghii : stem weak, assurgent ; leave?
reniibrm -cordate ; the upper ones a little acumi-
nate, creoate-serrate, smooth ; stipules lanceolate,
serrate-ciliate ; nectary produced ; stigma tubu-
lar, rostrate.
HAB. Swamps. May. U . Stem 6—10 in. long,
branch, below ; bracts alternate ; fl. blue.
17. V. rostrata : smooth; stem diffuse, erect; leaves
cordate, the upper ones acute, serrate ; stipules
lanceolate, serrate-ciliate ; petals beardless ; nec-
tary longer than the corolla.
HAB. Wet rocky places. April— May. U . Stem
6 in. high ; pedunc. long ; fl. large, blue ; stig.
subclavate.
18. V. pubescens : villous pubescent ; stem erect, naked
below ; leaves broad-cordate, toothed ; stipules
ovate, subdentate.
HAB. Dry stony woods. April — May. Stem simp..
6—8 in. high," br, ideate; leav. 2—3; fl. yellow.
/3. eriocarpa : capsule densely villous.
19. V. hastata : smooth ; stem simple, leafy above ;
leaves hastate, on very long petioles ; stipules
minute, ciliate-denticulate.
PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 1 19
HAB. Mountains. May. U . Erect, 6—8 in. high;
leav. acum. ; fi. yell. ; inf. pet. large, sub-3 lobed.
20. V. tenella: stem triquetrous ; leaves rotund-spathu-
late ; superior ones lanceolate, entire ; stipules
large, pinnatifid.
HAB. Dry rocky hills. May. 0. Stem 2—3 in.
high ; rad. leav. petiolate ; fi. small, bluish-zvhiie.
fl. V. concolor : stem straight, erect ; leaves cuneate-
lanceolate ; stipules lanceolate entire ; peduncles
very short, 2— 3-flowered ; petals connivent,
emarginate ; spur 0.
HAB. Wet shady rocks. April — May. U . Stem
simp., ang., 1 ft. high ; leav. erect ; fi greenish,
small.
176. CLAYTONIA. Portulaceoz.
C. virginica: leaves linear-lanceolate; petals obo-
vate, retuse ; leaves of the calyx somewhat acute ;
root tuberous.
HAB. Moist woods. April — May. U • Smooth, erect
or procumb. ; leav. few, oppos. ; fi. racem., rose-col.
(i. latifolia : leaves ovate-lanceolate ; leaflets of the
calyx obtuse.
HAB. Mountainous districts.
177. CEANOTHUS. New-Jersey tea. Rhamni.
1. C. americanus: leaves ovate-oblong, serrate, triply-
nerved, tomentose-pubescent beneath ; panicles
axillary, on long peduncles.
HAB. Woods and copses. July. V Root large, red ;
stem 2 — 4 ft. high; leav. alt. ; fi. minute, white.
I. C. herbaceus : leaves oval, subserrulate, smooth;
panicle thyrsoid, axillary and terminal.
HAB. Rocky banks. Suffruticose; leaves as large a*
in the preceding.
178. EUONYMUS. Spindle-tree. Rhamni.
\ . E. americanus : branches smooth, quadrangular ;
leaves subsessile, elliptical-lanceolate, smooth, acute,
serrate ; peduncles 3-flowered, terete ; flowers 5-
cleft; fruit verrucose-muricate.
HAB. Shady woods. June. Shrub 3— 4 ft. high ;
bran, oppos.. spread. : fi. a.rill., greenish: fnri:
tcarlet.
120 PENT ANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
/3. sarmtntosus : stem sarmentose.
HAB. Rock} moist forests. July. Subsempervirenl
2 ft. high, acutely quadrang.
2. E. atropurpureua : leaves perfoliate, oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminate, serrate; peduncles divaricate, many-
flowered ; flowers 4-cleft ; fruit smooth.
HAB. Shady woods. June. Shrub 4 — 5 ft. high :
pedunc. 3 — 6-Ji. ; pet. dark-purp. ; fruit bright-red.
3. E. obovatus: stem prostrate, rooting ; surculi erect.
obtusely quadrangular, with 4 elevated lines ; leaves
broad-ovate, obtuse, acute at the base, subsessile,
acutely serrulate ; peduncles 3-flowered ; stamens
4—5.
HAB. Shady fir swamps. June. Tj. Nearly simp. :
leav. often dilated ; ji. purplish-green.
179. CELASTRUS. Staff-tree. Rhamni.
C. scandens: stem climbing, unarmed ; leaves oblong.
acuminate, serrate ; racemes terminal ; flowers
dioecious.
HAB. Woods and thickets. June. Tj. Leav. alt em..
stipui. ; racem. few-fi. ; pet. greenish-yel. ; fruit red.
180. RHAMNUS. Buck-thorn. Rhamni.
1. R. alnifolius : unarmed ; leaves oval, acuminate,
serrulate, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; flow-
ers dioecious ; peduncles 1 -flowered, aggregate ;
calyx acute ; fruit turbinate.
HAB. Rocky hills. May. Shrub small ; leav.altern. :
fl. small, greenish, in axill. fascic. ; fruit black.
2. R. catharhcus : spikes terminal ; flowers generally
4-cleft, polygamo-dicecious ; leaves ovate ; stem
erect ; berries 4-seeded.
HAB. Mountains and woods. May. A small tree :
leav. fascic. and oppos. ; ft. dust., axill.; fruit black.
181. VITIS. Vine. Vites.
1. V. Labrusca: leaves broad-cordate, angularly sub-
3-lobed, cinereous-tomentose beneath ; racemes-
small ; berries large.
HAB. Woods and hedges. June — July. Tj. Leav.
very large, at first fcrriig. beneath ; fl. greenish :
fruit pur p.
PENTANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A. 121
V. vulpina : leaves cordate, acuminate, incisely
toothed, smooth on both sides ; racemes loose,
many-flowered ; berries small.
HAB. Woods and river-banks. June. T?. Leav
3 — 4 in, broad; veins ft little pubes. ; fruit sm.,
amber-col.
V. aestivalis : leaves broad-cordate, 3 — 5-lobed, fer-
ruginous-tomentose beneath ; sinuses rounded ;
racemes oblong ; berries small.
HAB. Rocky river-banks. June. \ . Leav,
smoothish when old ; fruit deep blue or purp.
£. sinuata : leaves sinuate-palmate.
V. riparia: leaves unequally incisely toothed, short
3-lobed, pubescent on the margin, nerves and pe-
tiole.
HAB. Gravelly shores. T2. Fl. very sweet scented.
182. CISSUS. Vites.
C. hederacea : stem climbing and rooting ; leaves
quinate-digitate, smooth ; leaflets petiolate, oblong.
acuminate, toothed ; racemes cymose, dichoto
mous ; nectary 0.
HAB. Woods. July. Tj. Leav. on long pet, : fl.
greenish; her. small, dark-blue, acid.
3. hirsuta : leaves pubescent on both sides ; leaflets
ovate, acuminale, coarsely toothed.
HAB Mountains.
C. Ampelopsis : leaves cordate, acuminate, toothed
and angular ; nerves beneath pubescent ; raceme?
twice bifid.
HAB. River banks and mountains. T?. Climbing ;
leav. petiol. ; raceme few-fl. ; ber. pale-red.
183. RIB.ES. Currant and Gooseberry.
Grossulance.
* Sterns without thorns.
R. florid-urn : unarmed ; leaves punctate both side?,
acutely 3-lobed, pubescent ; racemes pendulous
calyx tubular ; bracts longer than Jhe pedicels.
HAB. Woods and hedges. J1. April— i^v. Shnd
1—4 ft. high ; fl. greenish; ber, black.
L
122 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
2. R. albinervium : leaves short, acutely lobed, smooth*
ish ; nerves white ; racemes recurved ; berries
smooth.
HAB. Mountains. April— May. V Fl. small,
greenish yell. ; ber. red.
3. R. trifidum : leaves moderately lobed, smooth above,
pubescent beneath ; racemes loose, pubescent ;
flowers rather flat, with the segments of the calyx
subtritid ; petals spathulate, obtuse ; berries hairy.
HAB. Mountains. April — May. T?. Leav. with
subacute lobes; pet. purp. ; ber. red.
4. R. rigens : branches straight ; leaves acutely lobed
and dentate, reticulate-rugose, pubescent beneath ;
racemes rather loose, many-flowered, becoming
stiffly erect ; berries hispid.
HAB. Mountains. May. Tj. Leav. on long pet. ;
raceme 6 — \0-fl. ; fl. purp. ; ber. red,
5. R. prostratum : branches rechned-prostrate ; leaves
lobed, smoothish ; the younger ones pubescent ;
branches somewhat erect ; calyx rather flat ; petals
deltoid ; bracts minute ; berries hispid.
HAB. Mountains. May. Tj. Shrub small; leav.
5-lob. ; raceme erect, S — lO-fl., gland. ; ber. red.
* * Stems thorny.
G. R. hirtellum: spines subaxillary ; branches some-
what hispid ; leaves smail, half 3-cleft ; lobes sub
dentate; peduncles 1 -flowered; berries smooth.
HAB. Mountains. May — June. Tj. Berries red
7. R. gracile: spines subaxillary; leaves on slender
petioles, pubescent on both sides ; lobes acute,
dentate, incised ; peduncles slender, erect, about
2-flowered ; calyx tubuhir-campanulate ; berries
smooth.
HAB. Mountains. May. Tj. Spines mostly soli-
tary; pet. short, white ; ber. green or purp., some-
times zcith several spines.
8. R. triflorum: spines subaxillary; leayes smooth.
3 — 5-lobed, incisely toothed ; peduncles about 3-
flowered ; pedicels elongated ; bracts very short ;
petals spathulate, undulate ; style hairy, exserted
deeply 2-cleft ; berries smooth.
PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 123
HAB. Mountains. May. Tj. Branch, spreading ;
spines sometimes 0 ;fl. purp. -green ; ber. small, red.
*. R. oxycanthoides : larger spines subaxillary ; smaller
ones scattered over the stem ; leaves smooth ;
lobes dentate ; peduncles short, about 2-flowered ;
berries smooth.
HAB. Rocks. Tj. Bran, slend. ; leav. sub-3-lobed ;
fl. solit. or in pairs, pale yell. ; ber. purp., glob.
10. R. lacustre : subaxillary spines compound ; stem
on every part hispid-aculeate ; leaves lobed be-
yond the middle ; petioles villous ; berries race-
mose, hispid.
HAB. Mountain swamps. June. Tj . Stem reddish ;
leav. b-lob.; racem. pend., 5 — 6-Jl. ; pet. white;
ber. brown.
11. R. Cynosbati: subaxillary spines by pairs ; leaves
with short lobes, incisely toothed, softly pubes-
cent; racemes nodding, few-flowered ; calyx erect-
campanulate ; berries aculeate.
HAB. Mountains. Apr.— June. Tj. Fl. green;
ber. dark brown.
184. HAMILTONIA. Oil-nut. Santalaceaz.
H. oleifera.
HAB. Mountains, near rivulets. May — June. Shrub
4 — 6 ft. high, very pubes. ; leav. . alter n., ovate,
entire ; fl. greenish, racemose ; nut oily.
185. THESIUM. Bastard toad-flax. Santalacece.
T. umbellatum : stem erect ; leaves oval-lanceo-
late ; fascicles of flowers terminal, subcorymbed.
HAB. Rocky hills and woods. July — Aug. If..
Stem 1 ft. high ; leav. altern., entire ; fl. white.
186. ANYCHIA. Illecebrea.
A. dichotoma : stem erect or spreading, dichoto-
mously branched ; leaves lanceolate, smooth,
acute ; flower* about as long as the stipules.
HAB. Dry woods and hills. June — Aug. 0. Stem
fllif., pubes. above; leav. oppos. ; fl. solit., very
miyiute.
.1. capillacea : very smooth ; flowers spreading,
longer than the stipules at their base.
124 PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
HAB. Pine-barrens. Aug. A span high; leav.
smaller, often obtuse.
GLAUX. Black Salt-wort. Primulaceoc.
G. maritima.
HAB. Sea-coast. V-. Erect, 4 — 5 in. high ; leav.
oppos., ovate, fleshy ; fl. small, solit., axill., rose
col.
DIGYNIA.
188. APOCYNUM. DogVbane. Apocinece.
I. A. androsaemifolium : leaves ovate, smooth on both
sides ; cymes lateral and terminal, smooth ; tube
of the corolla longer than the calyx.
HAB. Fields and hedges. June — July. U . Stew
2 — 3 ft. high; branch, spread. ; fl. pink; border
spreading.
I. A. pubescens: stem erect ; leaves ovate, hoary-pu-
bescent beneath ; cymes pubescent ; corolla longer
than the calyx ; border erect.
HAB. Borders of fields. June — July. U . Branch
few, erect; peliol. short. ; fl. few, sin., greenish.
>. A. hypericifolium : leaves oblong, smooth, on ver)
short petioles, mucronat*?, obtuse and subcordate
at the base ; cymes shorter than the leaves ; calyx
nearly as long as the tube of the corolla.
HAB. Fields and borders of woods. June — July. 1| .
Leav. subsess., very acute; cor. small, greenish-
white, erect.
4. A. cannabinum: leaves lanceolate, acute at each
end, smooth on both sides ; cymes paniculate ;
1 calyx as long as the tube of the corolla.
HAB. Fields and borders of woods. June. U .
Branch, dend. ; cym. many-fl. ; cor. small, camp an..
greenish.
189. PERIPLOCA. Apocinece.
P. grceca: flowers hairy within, terminal.
HAB. New-York. Aug. Tj. Climbing; leav
PENTANDHIA.— DIGYNIA. 126
vppos., ovate, acuminate; fl. corymb, dark purp. ;
seg. linear. §. ?.
100. GONOLOBUS. Apocinece.
1. G. obliquus : stem climbing, hairy; leaves ovate-
cordate ; villous, acute ; corymbs axillary ; seg-
merits of the corolla ovate, acuminate, oblique>
revolute.
IIAB. Moist rocks. July. U . Leav. veined ; co-
rymbs short ; fl. foetid, dark-purp.
2. O. hirsutus : sarments and petioles very hairy;
leave? cordate-oval, distinctly acuminate, pubescent
on both sides ; segments of the corolla oblong,
obtuse ; follicles oblong, muricate.
IIAB. Hedges, near rivulets. U- Trailing or
climbing; umb. 4 — 6-fl. ; pet. dark-purp,; fol.
with soft spines.
191. ASCLEPIAS. Silk-weed. Asclepiadex.
* Leaves opposite.
\. A. syriaca : stem subsimple ; leaves lanceolate-
oblong, petiolate, tomentose beneath ; umbels nod-
ding ; nectary bidentate ; follicles muricate.
IIAB. Sandy fields, &c. July— Aug. V-. Stem
2— Aft. high; umb. 2—3, lb— 20-fl. ; fl. large,
pale- pur p.
.'■ A. phytolaccoides : stem erect, simple ; leaves broad-
lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, pale beneath ; um-
bels many-flowered, lateral and terminal, solitary,
on long peduncles, nodding ; nectary bidentate.
IIAB. Shady wet places. June — July. U. Stem
3 — 4 ft. high; leav. large; umb. 6 — 10-fl. ; fl.
greenish-pur p.
:\. varieguta : stem simple, erect; leaves ovate,
petiolate, smooth ; umbels lateral and terminal, on
short peduncles, crowded ; pedicels tomentose :
horn broad-falcate.
HAB. Woods. July. if. Stem 3—4 ft. high
pubes. above; umb. mostly 2, ^0 — 30-fl. white,
rarely purplish.
r. A. obtusifolia : leaves amplexicaul, oblong, obtuse,
undulate, very smooth, glaucous beneath ; umbel
PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
terminal, long-pedunculate, generally solitary ,
nectary slightly 2-toothed ; horns exserted.
HAB. Sandy fields and hills. June — July. U Stem
2 — 3 ft. high ; leav. remarkably undulate ; fl. pale-
pur p.
5. A. laurifolia : stem erect, smooth ; leaves subses-
sile, oval-lanceolate, tapering to the summit, very
acute, smooth ; umbels on long peduncles, terminal
and axillary.
HAB. Pennsylvania. Aug. U. Stem 2 ft. high ;
summit pub es. ; leav. obtuse at base ; fl. green and
pur p.
•I. A. incarnata : stem erect, branched above, tomen-
tose, leaves sub^essile, lanceolate, tomentose, um-
bels erect, generally by pairs ; nectary entire ;
horns subulate, exserted.
HAB, Wet places. U . Stem 2—3 ft. high ,
umb, num., crowd.; fl. pale-purp. ; nect. trun-
cate.
3. pulchra : stem and leaves very hairy.
7. A. amoena: stem with 2 longitudinal pubescent
lines ; leaves subsessile, oblong-oval, pubescent
beneath ; umbels terminal, erect ; nectary entire ,:
horn subulate, exserted.
HAB. Swamps and wet meadows. July — Aug. 2£,
Stem 3 ft. high, nearly smooth ; umb. many -fl., pur p.
;. A. purpnrascens : stem simple ; leaves ovate, vil-
lous beneath ; umbels erect ; leaflets of the nec-
tary resupinate.
HAB. Wet places. %. Stem lift, high, hairy
above ; leav. on short pet. ; fl. purp.
\. debilis: very smooth ; stem erect, weak, sim-
ple ; leaves petiolate, oval-lanceolate, acute at
each extremity, membranaceous ; umbels termi-
nal, loose.
HAB. Shady rocky places. U . Leaves large;
flowers white.
\. acuminata : stem erect, smooth, simple ; leaves
ovate, subcordate, acuminate, subsessiie ; umbels
lateral, solitary, erect ; nectary acute ; horn.*
scarcely exserted.
HAB. Sandy swamps. Aug. 1/. Root large, tub. ,-
stem 18 in. high; umb. 2 ; fl. purp. and green.
i'ENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 127
11. A. quadrifolia: stem erect, simple, smooth ; leaves
by four*, ovate, acuminate, petiolate ; umbels 2,
terminal, erect, loose; pedicels capillary; nec-
tary bidentate ; hem very short.
HAB. Dr\ stony woods. June. ty . Stem 18 in,
high ; leaves mostly 8 ; 2 middle pairs approx. ;
limb, on '■ ig pedunc. ; fl. small, white.
12. A. viridiflora : stem erect, simple, hairy; leaves
oblong, on short petioles, tomentose-pubescent on
both sides, obtuse ; umbels lateral, solitary, sub-
sessile, nodding, dense ; horns of the nectary
wanting.
HAB. Sandy fields. July. V-. Stem 2 ft. high,
densely pub es. ; leav. thick; umb. subglob.; Jl.
green.
£. lanceolata : leaves lanceolate, acute.
y. obovata : leaves obovate.
A. verticillata : stem simple, marked with pubes-
cent lines ; leaves mostly verticillate, narrow-
linear, revolute ; nectaries short, bidentate ; horns
falcate, much exserted.
HAB. Dry hills. July. U- Stem about 3 ft.
high, very slend. ; zvhorles 5 — G leav. / fl. small,
whitish.
* * Leaflets alternate.
14. A. tuberosa : stem erect, hairy, with spreading
branches ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile ; um-
bels numerous, forming terminal corymbs.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. U. Root, large, tub. .
stem 3 ft. high ; fl. large, bright orange.
192. GENTIANA. Gentian, Gentian*.
t. G. Saponaria : leaves ovate-lanceolate, a
nerved ; flowers vcrticillate-c.ijit.it.', ses-ik: ■
corolla ventricose, closed, 10-cleft ; interioi
ments unequally 3-cleft, as long as the ext
ones ; segments of the calyx ovate, shorter than
the tube.
HAB. Wet meadows. Sept.— Oct. U . Stem 10
in. hight timp. ; leav. oppos. :fl. very large, brigh*
blue.
128 PENTANDR1A.— DIGYNIA.
2: G. ockroleuca : stem subangular; leaves ovate-
lanceolate ; flowers in terminal subsessile fasci-
cles ; segments of the calyx linear-lanceolate ;
corolla campanulate-ventricose, 10-cleft ; seg-
ments acute, slightly connivent ; interior ones sub-
dentate, short.
HAB. Fields and woods. Sept. U- Stem 1 ft. high,
subside. ; fl. large, yellowish-white.
3. G. Pneumonanthe : stem terete ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, obtuse ; flowers few, terminal, (and axillary,)
subsessile ; segments of the calyx linear-oblong,
rather acute; corolla campanulate,5-cleft; segment*
acute ; interior plaits short, 1 -toothed.
HAB. High mountains. U- Stem a foot high, very
smooth; fl. large, bright blue.
i. G. angustifolia : stem simple, slender, 1 -flowered;
leaves linear, spreading ; corolla infundibuliform,
5-cleft, with 5 interior lacerate segments.
HAB. Sandy fields. Oct.— Nov. U. Stem 1 ft. high,
slend. ; leav. long ; fl. 2 in. long, azure-blue.
~S. G. linearis : stem somewhat scabrous ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, undulate, ciliate, as are also the segments
of the calyx ; flowers sessile, in terminal crowded
fascicles ; corolla campanulate, 5-cleft ; segments
obtuse, with the interior folds denticulate.
HAB. Mountains. U. Fl. middle-sized, blue ; seg. of
the cor. very short.
3. G. quinqueflora : stem quadrangular, branched ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved ; flower*
somewhat in fives, terminal and axillary, pedicellate;
corolla tubular-campanulate, 5-cleft ; segments se-
taceously acuminate ; calyx very short.
HAB. Woods and hillsides. Sept. — Oct. £. Stem I
ft. high, rarely simp. ; fl. small, pale blue.
7. G. crinita : stem terete ; branches elongated, 1-
flowered ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; corolla half
4-cIeft ; segments incisely ciliate.
HAB. Wet meadows. Oct.— Nov. $. Stem Win .
high, quadrang. above; fl. very large, blue.
193. CUSCUTA. Dodder. Convolvuli.
1. C. americana : flowers pedunculate, umbellate, j
cleft ; stigmas capitate ; corolla tubular-campanulate
with the border small and spreading.
PENTANDPJA.— DIGYNIA. 129
HAB. Low grounds, June— Aug. 0. Stems filifl,
orange, parasit., twining ; fl. in dense dust.
C. europcea : flowers sessile ; corolla 4 — 5-cleft,
without scales at the base of the stamens ; stigmas
simple.
HAB. Parasitic on flax. July. 0. Stems fllif, red,
twining ; fl. yell., tampan.
194. HEUCHERA. Alum. Saxifragce.
H. americana : viscidly-pubescent ; scape and leaves
a little scabrous ; leaves with rounded lobes, den-
tate ; teeth dilated, obtuse, mucronate ; panicle,
dichotomous ; calyx short, obtuse ; petals lanceo-
late, as long as the calyx.
HAB. Shady rocky places. June— July U . Leav.
rad. on long pet. ; scape 2 — 3 ft. long. ; fl. purp.
H. pubescen : pulverulent-pubescent ; scape smooth
below ; leaves somewhat acutely lobed, smooth
beneath, toothed ; teeth rounded, mucronate ; pe-
duncles short, with crowded flowers ; calyx large,
campanulate ; petals longer than the calyx ; sta-
mens scarcely exsertH.
HAB. Mountains. V-- Leav. with broad teeth ; scape
2ft. long, scab above ; pet. red and yell.
195. PANAX. Ginseng. Araliai.
P. trifoHum: leaves ernate ; leaflets subsessile ;
styles o ; bern tricor.cous ; root globose.
HAB. Moist wood | I- tfay. h . Root tub. r
stem 4—8 . high; leaf, ob long- Ian. ; fl. white;
her. gree .
"P. quinqvefolium : leaves in threes ; leaflets quinate.
p, tiol ate ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ;
iooi fusiform.
HAB. Mountains. July. U. Root long , wrinkled ;
stern I ft. high ; fl. greenish ; her. renif., scarlet.
190. ATRIPLEX. Orache. Chenopodea.
A. hortensis : stem erect, herbaceous ; leaves trian
gular, dentate, green on both sides ; fructiferous
vx ovate, reticulate, entire.
HAB. Waste places, &c. July— -Aug. ©. Stem 3 — \
ft. high, green ; fl. green, in interrvp. spike*.
130 PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
2. A. arenaria ; stem herbaceous, spreading ; leaves
oblong-ovate, stibsessiie, silvery-mealy beneath,
very entire ; upper ones acute or acuminate ; fruc-
tiferous calyx mnricate, dentate, retuse.
HAB. Sea-coast Aug. — Sept. 0. A foot high, much
branch.; leav. 1 in. long ; cal. S-lnbed, large.
3. A. laciniuta /3. omericana: stem herbaceous, diffuse ;
leaves triangular hastate, deeply toothed, glaucous,
a little pulverulent ; perfect flowers tetandrous ;
fructiferous c;dyx rhomboid, acute, entire.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. ©. Erect or procumb. ;
leav. petiol, gray ; fi. in glom. racemes.
4. A. patula : stem herbaceous, spreading; leaves tri-
angular-hastate, smooth above, irregularly toothed ;
the upper ones entire ; fructiferous calyx submuri-
cate on the sides.
HAB. New-York. +
5. A. Halimus : stem frutescent ; leaves alternate and
opposite, subrhomboid, very entire,
HAB Ne w- Jersey, -f-
197. OIENOPODIUM. Goose-foot. Chenopodece.
1. C. Bonus Henricus : leaves triangular-hastate, very
entire ; spikes compound, terminal and axillary,
erect, leafless.
HAB New-York, &c. June. U. Stem. lft. high;
leav. large* dark green ; fl. green, polyg.
2. C. rhombifoliuui : leaves triangular-rhombic, acute,
repandly toothed ; racemes axillary, erect, leafless ;
bracts minute, inflexed.
HAB. Pennsylvania. June. 0. Leav. acutely tooth i ;
racem. simp., short.
3. C. album : leaves rhomboid-ovate, erose, entire at
the base ; upper ones oblong, very entire ; raceme*
branched, somewhat leafy ; seed smooth.
HAB. Cultivated grounds, &c. July — Sept. ©.
Stem erect, 2 — 4 ft. high ; leaves mealy.
/S viride : leaves greener and more entire ; racemes
more branched, a little leafy.
\. C. hybridum : leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate, an-
gularly toothed ; racemes axillary, paniculate, di-
varicate, leafless.
HAB. Waste places, &c. July — Aug. © . Stem. 2 —
3 ft. high ; leav. large, nearly smooth, bright green,
PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 131
5. C. rubrum: leaves rhomboid-triangular, deeply
toothed and sinuate ; racemes erect, compound,
leafy.
HAB. Waste places. July. ®. Stem, reddish ; leav,
dark green ; glomendes minute.
(3. C. ambrosoides : leaves lanceolate, remotely tooth-
ed ; racemes simple, axillary, leafy.
HAB. Waste places. Aug. — Oct. ©. Much bran.,
often diffuse, strong- scented ; leav. small.
7. C. Botrys : leaves oblong, sinuate; racemes naked,
much divided.
HAB. Sandy waste places. Aug. — Sept. ®. One ft,
high, sweet-scented, -eiscid-pubes ; fl. distinct.
£. C. anthelminticum : perennial; leaves oblong-lance-
olate, toothed ; spikes long, interrupted, leafless ;
style 3-cleft.
HAB. Sandy fields. Sept. ©? Strong-scented, 1| — £
ft. high, often reddish; racem. axilt. and term.
9. C. glaucum : leaves oblong, repand, glaucous be-
neath ; spikes simple, naked, glomerate, axillary
and terminal.
HAB. New-York. ©. Stem diffuse, thick; racemes
short, lobed, leafless.
10. C. maritimum : leaves linear, fleshy, semicylindri-
cal ; flowers axillary, glomerate.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. — Sept. ©. Stem tj- -2 ft.
high; glomerulcs small ; seed spiral.
198. SALSOLA. Salt- wort. Chmopodece.
1. S. Kali: herbaceous, decumbent ; leaves subulate,
canaliculate, spinose ; flowers axillary, solitary ;
fructiferous calyx with a scarious margin.
HAB. Sea-coast. Aug. ®. Stem much bran., pubes. t
cal. spreading ; leav. subulate.
i. caroliniana: leaves dilated ; calyx with a broader
margin.
HAB. Sandy fields and waste places, near saltwater.
Cal. depress., reddish-
Tragus : herbaceous, spreading, smooth ; leaves
subulate, fleshy, mucronate-spinous ; flowers sub-
solitary ; calyx subovatc ; margin flattened,
loured.
H AB, New-Jersey. cVc. July, -f-.
132 PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNiA.
3. S. Soda : herbaceous, smooth ; branches ascending ;
leaves semiterete, rather acute ; fructiferous calyx
transversely carinate in the middle, somewhat mem
branaceous.
HAB. New- York. +
199. ULMUS. Elm. Ulmacece.
I. U. americana : branches smooth; leaves somewhat
doubly serrate, unequal at the base ; serratures un~
cinately acuminate ; flowers pedicellate ; fruit fim-
briate.
HAB. Woods. April. A large tree ; bran, long, re-
curv. ; leav. altern. ; fl. purplish, small appearing
before the leav.
:. V. fulva : leaves oval-oblong, much acuminate, pu-
bescent on both sides ; buds tomentose ; flowers
sessile.
HAB. Rocky hills. April. Tree 20—25 ft. high ;
fl. conglom., ciliate ; stam. 7.
3. U. nemoralis: leaves oblong, somewhat smooth,
equally serrate, nearly equal at the base ; flowers
sessile.
HAB. River banks. -\-.
200. CELTIS. Nettle-tree. Ulmaceaa.
I. C. occidentalis : leaves ovate, acuminate, equally ser-
rate, unequal at the base, scabrous above, pubes-
cent beneath ; flowers subsolitary.
HAB. Woods. May. Tree middle-sized; leav.
altern. ; fl. small, greenish-zvhite ; drupe purp.
■'. crassifolia: leaves ovate, acuminate, unequally
serrate, subcoriaceous, scabrous on both sides, un-
equal at the base ; peduncles mostly 2-flowered.
HAB. River banks. Tree smaller than JVo. 1.
>. C.pumila: leaves ovate, acuminate, equally serrate,
unequal at the base ; the younger ones only pubes-
cent ; peduncles mostly 3-flowercd ; fruit solitary
HAB. Batiks of rivers.
201. ERYNG1UM. Eryngo. Umbelliferaz.
\ . E. aquaticum : leaves linear-lanceolate, remotely
ciliate-spinous ; inferior ones ensiform, those of
the flowers lanceolate, dentate ; involucrum shorter
than the globose capitulum, entire, as are also thr
scales of the receptacle : stem subdichotomous.
PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 13S
HAB. New-Jersey ? U . Root tub. ; stem 2—3 ft.
high, irichot. above ; leav long ; fl. wh. or pale blue.
E. virgtnianum : leaves long-lanceolate, serrate ; in-
volucrum longer than the heads ; chaff tricuspidate.
HAB. Shores of rivers. U- Root tub. ; stem 3 — 4 ft.
high ; leav. 6 in. long ; heads num. ; fi. wh. or blue.
E. virgatum : leaves spathulate-ovate, irregularly
toothed ; leaflets of the invojucrum linear, longer
than the glohose heads ; chaff tricuspidate.
HAB. Wet meadows. U- ? Stem 2 — 3 ft. high; leav.
2 in. long, acutely dent. ; heads small; fi. blue.
202. SANICULA. Sanicle. Umbelliferce.
S. marilandica : leaves all digitate ; leaflets oblong.
incisely serrate ; staminiferous flowers numerous,
pedicellate.
HAB. Woods and thickets. June— Aug. % . Stem
2 ft. high ; fi. in small capit., umb. white.
}. canadensis : leaves subternate ; leaflets ovate
coarsely toothed.
203. HYDROCOTYLE. Marsh penny-wort,
Umbelliferce.
H. vulgaris : leaves peltate, orbicular, crenate ; um-
bels capitate, about 5-flowered.
HAB. Wet places. 1J. . Root creep. ; fl. in intcrup,
spikes ; fl. whitish.
H. vmbellata: leaves peltate, crenate, emarginate at
the base ; umbel of many pedunculate flowers.
HAB. Wet places. U . Root creep.; leav. sub renif. :
umb. 20 — 30-fi., longer than the leav. ; fl. renif.
H. americana : smooth ; root tuberous ; leaves reni-
form, somewhat 7-lobed, crenate ; umbels few-
flowered, sessile.
HAB. Wet shady places. June — Aug. U • Cre(>
stemfilif. ; umb. very small, glomerate.
H. ranuncxiloides: leaves somewhat 5-lobed, cordate
crenate-dentate ; umbels capitate, 8 — 10-flowered
Pennsylvania. June. U. Leav. nearly circular ,
I (inc. 1 in. long ; pedicels very slu.rt.
II. lincata: very smooth, creeping; leaves s.
cuneate-linear, with transverse nerves ; umbel*
nnculate.
M
134 PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
HAB. Muddy banks. July— Aug. U . Leav. 1% in,
long, succul., with 5 transv. nerves; umb. 8 — 10-fi*
£. H? composita: root tuberous ; stem simple, 2-leaved ;
leaves subternate ; leaflets many-cleft ; umbel 3 — 5-
flowered.
HAB. Alluvial soils. April. 2J. Root round; stem
ascend., 1 -leaved ; scapes 4 — 5 in. high ; fi. white,
204. SISON. | Honey-wort. Umbelliferce.
1. S. aureus: stem nearly simple, sulcate ; leaves bi-
ternate, shining ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, atten-
uate at the base, incisely serrate ; involucrum 0.
HAB. Rocky hills. June— July. 1£. Stem 1|— 2 ft.
high ; umb. comp. ; fl. yell. ; fruit dark- col.
2. S. integerrimus : stem nearly simple ; leaves bi-tri-
ternate, glaucous, very entire ; leaflets oval, entire j
umbel with elongated rays ; involucrum 0.
HAB. Meadows and mountains. June. V-. Stem 18
in. high : rays of the umb.filif. ; fi. yell. ; fruit black.
>. S. capillaceus : leaves decompound, filiform ; stem
dichotomous, angular ; involucrum subpinnatifid.
HAB. Brackish meadows. July — Oct. ©. Much bran,?
1 ft. long ; umb. axil I., pedunc. ; fl. white.
205. CNIDIUM. Umbelliferie.
1. C. canadense : stem angular, flexuous ; leaves bipin-
nate, shining ; leaflets many-parted ; segments lan-
ceolate.
HAB. Mouths of rivers. +
2. C. atropurpureum : radical leaves subcordate, sim-
ple, serrate ; cauline ones ternate ; leaflets ovate,
acute, subcordate ; middle one petiolate ; partial
involucra dimidiate, 3-leaved.
HAB. Rocky banks of rivers. June. 1[. Stem 2 — o
ft. high ; fl. dark-purple.
206. SMYRNIUM. Alexanders. Umbelliferce.
S. cor datum : radical leaves simple, cordate, crenate ;
stem-leaves ternate, serrate ; umbels terminal.
HAB. Rocky hills. May —June. It. Stem 2— 8
ft. high; rad. leav. on long pet.; fl. yell.; fruit
black.
PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 135
207. CICUTA. Umbelliferaz.
t, C. maculaia: stem spotted; leaves tritemate ;
leaflets subternate, lanceolate, acuminate, mucro-
nately-serrate ; umbels axillary and terminal ; par-
tial involucra setaceous.
HAB. Wet places. July— Aug. ft. Stem 3—6
ft. high , glauc. ; umb. large, slend. ; fl. white.
Poisonous !
2. C. bulbifera: leaves various, ternate and biternate,
bulbiferous ; leaflets linear and linear-lanceolate,
remotely toothed ; umbels terminal, solitary.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U. Stem 2 — 3 ft. high,,
slend. ; leav. bulbif. in the axils. ; umb. small ; fl.
wh.
208. DAUCUS. Carrot. Umbelliferx.
D. Carota : stem hispid ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets
incised, linear-lanceolate, acute ; umbel at length
concave ; fruit bristly.
HAB. Old fields. June— Aug. £. Stem 2 ft.
high ; leav. pale green ; fl. white.
209. MYRRH1S. Umbelliferce.
i. M. procumbens : stem procumbent, somewhat hairy ;
leaves bipinnate ; segments lanceolate, rather ob-
tuse ; umbels 3-rayed, few-flowered ; fruit smooth.
HAB. Shady rocky places. May. 0. Stem 6—8
in. long ; fl. all fert., white ; fruit linear.
?. M. Claytoni : stem hairy, (at first hoary-white ;)
leaves biternate, pubescent ; leaflets incisely lobed,
dentate ; umbel 3-rayed ; central flowers abortive ;
universal and partial involucra 3 — 5-leaved, lan-
ceolate, ciliate ; fruit attenuate at the base, with
hispid angles, not rostrate ; style very short.
HAB. Shady rocky places. May — June. U . Root
fusif. ; stem 2 ft. hiah ; fruit linear-Ian., blackish.
'•. M. longistylis : stem smooth ; leaves biternate ; the
lower ones on short petioles ; leaflets ovate, in-
cisely lobed and dentate ; umbel 3 — 4-rayed ; cen-
tral flowers abortive ; universal and partial involu-
cra 3 — 5-leaved, oblong, acuminate ; fruit attenuate
at the base, with hispid angles ; styles long, subu-
late, straight.
136 PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. U- Stem 2—3 ft,
high ; leav. slightly hairy ; partial petiol. elong. .
fl. wh.
i. M. canadensis : leaves ternate, smooth ; leaflet*
rhomboid-ovate, acute, incisely toothed, acutely
serrate ; partial involucra minute, subulate ; fruit
oblong, very smooth.
HAB. Rocky woods. June. 11 . Stern 1|— -2 ft,
high, erect, smooth ; umb. num. ; fr. 3 lin. long,
210. SIUM. Water-parsnip. Umhelliferai.
1. S. latifolium: stem angular; submerged leaves bi
pinnatifid ; upper ones pinnate ; leaflets oblong-
lanceolate, unequal at the base, acutely serrate ;
umbels terminal -
HAB. Shady swamps. July. U • Root creep. ;
stem 1-ang., 18 in. high; leafl. 4 pairs ; ft. white.
2. S. lineare : stem angular and sulcate ; leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets 4 — 5 pairs, linear-Ian* utely
and finely serrate ; involucra many-leaved, linear :
umbels terminal.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. 1£. Stem l-ang.9 2— 3 ft.
high ; leafl. long and narrow ; fl. white ; cat. obsol.
»
211. CONIUM. Hemlock Umbelliferce.
C. maculatum : stem very smooth, spotted ; leaves
tripinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, pinnatifid ; segments
lanceolate, nearly entire.
HAB. Road sides, &c. July. $. Stem 2— 4 ft.
high; leav. smooth and shin ;fl. white. Poisonous!
212. LIGUSTICUM. Lovage. Umhelliferai.
1. L. scoticum : leaves biternate ; leaflets subrhombic-
ovate, coarsely serrate ; involucrum linear-lanceo-
late.
HAB. Salt marshes. July. U. Stem \S in. high7
smooth ; leav. retic. ; umb. pedunc. ; fl. wh.
2, L. actceifolium : leaves biternate ; leaflets oval,
equally toothed ; partial involucra setaceous ; fruit
©blong-oval, leaves somewhat win«;s.
HAB. New-York. V-. Stem very tall, smooth;
petioles long; umb. num., subvert. ) fl. wh.
PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 135
213. HERACLEUM. Cow-parsnip. Umbellifem.
11. lanatum : leaves ternate, petiolate, tomentose
beneath ; leaflets petioled, round-cordate, lobed j
• fruit orbicular.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. U. Stem 3—5/*.
high, thick, pubes. ; umb. large ; fl. wh.
214. PASTINACA. Parsnip. Umbelliferce.
1. P. sativa: stem sulcate ; leaves pinnate; leaflets
subpubescent beneath, oblong, incised ; terminal
one 3-lobed.
HAB. Fields, &c. July— Sept. £. Stem 2 ft.
high, smooth ; leafl sess. ; fl. yell.
2. P. rigida: stem terete striate; leaves pinnate,
smooth ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, entire, or with
several remote teeth.
HAB. Swamps. Sept. U. Stem 2—4 ft. high,
rigid ; leafl. 4 — 5 pairs ; fl. white.
3. P. ambigua: stem slightly angular ; leaves pinnate,
smooth ; leaflets linear, entire, subglaucous be-
neath ; umbels terminal, subsolitary ; partial invo-
lucra subulate.
HAB. Swamps. Sept. H . 3 — 5 ft. high, slend. ;
fl. wh.
215. ANGELICA. Umbelliferce.
I. A. triquinata : stem terete, pubescent above ; leaves
ternate, very smooth ; the partitions quinate ;
leaflets oblong-ovate, equally serrate ; the inferior
ones 2 -lobed at the base.
HAB. Dry woods. Aug. %. Stem 3 — 5 high,
straight, white above, leav. thick ; fl. while.
I. A. alropurpurea : stem smooth, coloured; leaves
ternate ; the partitions subquinate ; leaflets ovate,
acute, incisely serrate, sublobed ; the 3 terminal
ones confluent ; petioles very large, inflated.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. U . Root aromat. ;
stem 3 — 5 ft. high, thick, purplish ; fl. greenish.
«. A. lucida : leaflets equal, ovate, incisely serrate.
HAB. Shady woods. U. Stem 1—2 high} ra
[eCP. tripi,!.; leafl. dark green, lucid abov ■
M '
138 PENTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA,
216. THAPSIA- Umbelliferce.
T. trifoliata : petioles and nodes of the stem pubes-
cent ; leaves biternate and ternat ; leaflets cu-
neate and ovate, unequally and incisely serrate, en-
tire at the base ; umbels terminal ; partial involu-
era 3-leaved, subulate.
HAB. Sandy banks of rivers. June. U . Stem 3
ft. high, ang. and sulc. ; umb. 3 — 4 ; fi. yell.
TRIGYNIA.
217. VIBURNUM. Caprifolia.
\. V. prunifolium : smooth; leaves round-obovak
acutely serrate ; petioles margined.
HAB. Woods and hedges. June. A small tree,
leav. oppos., lj in. long ; fi. white : her. oval, dark
blue.
v. V. pyrifolium : smooth ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute r
crenate-serrate ; petiole naked ; cymes subpedun
culate ; fruit ovate-oblong.
HAB. Rocky woods. June. Shrub 5 — \Oft. high,
leav. 2 in. long ; ber. red.
3. V. Lentago : smooth ; leaves broad-ovate, acumi-
nate, acutely serrate ; petioles margined, undulate ;
cymes sessile.
HAB. Rocky woods. May. Shrub 8—12 ft. high .
leav. 3 in. long, often subcord. ; ber. black.
1. V. nudum : leaves oval-oblong ; margin revolute and
obscurely crenulate ; petioles naked ; cymes pe
dunculate.
HAB. Swamps. June. Shrv.b 8 — 10 ft. high:
leav. 4 in. long, punct. and relic, beneath ; ber. blue
«. V. Lantanoidesi leaves orbicular-cordate, abruptly
acuminate ; nerves and petioles pulverulent-tomen-
tose, unequally serrate ; cymes closely sessile.
HAB. Rocky woods. May— June. Shrub 4—8 fi.
high; leav. large, •with the nerv. rusty ; cym. often
radiate.
;. V. dentatum: nearly smooth; leaves on long petioles,
orbicular-ovate, dentate-serrate, plicate ; axils of
the veins pubescent beneath ; cymes pedunculate ;
Truit subglobose,
PENTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 139
HAD. Woods and hedges. June. Shrub 8 ft. high,
with straight bran. ; ber. small, blue.
7. V. pub esc ens : leaves on.very short petioles, ovate,
acuminate, dentate-serrate, villous beneath ;
cymes pedunculate ; fruit oblong.
HAB. Mountains. June. Shrub 6 ft. high; leav,
and cymes smaller than No. 6.
"J. V. acerifolium : leaves subcordate, 3-lobed, acute!}
serrate, pubescent beneath ; lobes acuminate,
petioles without glands, hairy ; cymes on long
peduncles,
HAB. Rocky woods. May — June. Shrub 4 — 6
ft. high ; leav. broad ; ber. oval, compress., black-
ish.
9, V. Oxycoccus : leaves 3-lobed, acute at the base,
3-nerved ; lobes divaricate, acuminate, remotely
and obtusely dentate ; petioles glandular ; cymes-
radiate.
HAB. Mountain woods. May — June. A small
shrub ; branch, spread. ; ber. large, red, acid.
f 0. V. edule : leaves 3-lobed, rather obtuse at the base,
3-nerved ; lobes very short, with acuminate-den-
tate serratures ; petioles glandular ; cymes
radiate.
HAB. Banks of rivers. Shrub smaller and more
upright than the last ; ber. large, red, acid.
218. SAMBUCUS. Elder. Caprifolia.
;. canadensis : nerves and petioles very smooth ;
leaflets oblong-oval, about 3 pairs, acuminate..
smooth ; midrib subpubescent ; cymes lax ; stem
frutescent.
HAB. Low grounds. May — July. Shrub 6 — 10
ft. high ; leav. often bipin. ; fl. white, ber. deep
purp.
;. pvbens : petioles and leaves beneath pubescent
leaflets oval-lanceolate ; cymes paniculate: stent
lVuticose.
[AB. Mountains. June. Shrub G — 8 ft. high •
leav. simply pinnate, 3 pairs ; ber. small.
140 « PENTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.
210. RHUS. Sumach. Terebintacex.
* Leaves pinnate.
I. R. glabrum : leaflets lanceolate, smooth, acumi-
nate, acutely serrate, whitish beneath ; flower*
perfect ; fruit downy.
HAB. Hedges and thickets, July. Shrub 6— 12 ft.
high, with strag. branch. ; leajl. 12 — 15 pairs; her.
crim.
2. R. typhinum : branches and petioles very villous ;
leaflets in many pairs, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate,
acutely serrate, pubescent beneath.
HAB. Rocky hills. June. Shrub 8—15 high:
leajl. 10 — 15 pairs ; pan. dense, oblong; ber.purp.
•oilL
3. R. copallinwn: petiole winged ; leaflets in man}
pairs, oval-lanceolate, very entire, shining on the
upper surface ; panicle sessile ; flowers dioecious.
HAB. Dry woods and hill sides. July. Shrub 4 — o
ft. high ; leajl. dark-green, 4 — 6 pairs ; ber. red,
hairy.
4. R. Vernix : very smooth ; leaflets in many pairs.
oval, abruptly acuminate, entire ; panicle loose,
flowers dioiecous.
HAB. Swamps. June — Jul}'. A small tree; leaf.
5 pairs, subsess. ; pan. clust. ; ber. smooth, whitish.
* * Leaves ternate.
$. R. Toxicodendron : stem erect ; leaflets broad-oval.
entire or sinuate-dentate, subpubescent beneath :
flowers dioecious, in sessile axiliary racemes.
HAB. Dry woods. June — July. Shrub 1 — 3 ft.
In'zh. s?nooth : leav. shin, above ; ber. smooth.
/3. radicans : stem climbing.
HAB. Woods and hedges. Stem climbing very high.
6. R. aromaticum : leaflets sessile, ovate-rhomboid,
dentate, pubescent beneath ; flowers amentaceous,
dioecious ; berries hairy.
HAB. Mountains. April. Shrub small : f . in ax ill .
racem. or aments. ; her. dust., red.
PENTANDRIA.— PENTAGYNIA. Mi
220. STAPHYLEA. Bladder-nut. Celastrince.
S. trifolia: leaves ternate.
HAB. Rocky hills. May. Shrub 6— 10 ft. high ; fl.
in pend. racem., greenish-wk. ; caps, large.
TETRAGYNIA.
221. PARNASSIA. Grass of Parnassus.
Uncertain.
1. F. caroliniana: radical leaves orbicular-ovate, cor-
date ; nectaries 3-bristled.
HAB. Boggy woods. Aug. — Sept. %. Leav,
mostly rad., on long pet. ;Jl. sol., term.^yellowish-wh.
5. P. palustris : radical leaves cordate ; nectariev
many- bristled.
HAB. Bog-meadows. -f~.
PENTAGYNIA
222. ARALIA. Aytlice.
1. A. nudicaulis: nearly stemless ; leaf solitar}', triqui •
nate ; scape naked, shorter than the leaf; umbel.*1
few.
HAB. Among rocks. June — Jury. Root thick.
creep. ; petiole long ; leajl. oval, serrate ; scape 1 -
Jl., long, 3-urnbelled ; jl. greenish.
2. A. racemosa : stem herbaceous, branched ; petioles
3-parted ; partitions ternate and quinate ; umbels
compound, in axillary panicles.
HAB. Rocky woods. July — Aug. U . Root thick,
aromat. ; stem 3 — 4 ft. high ; umb. num.
J. A. hitpida : suffruticose ; stem and petioles hispid j
leaves doubly pinnate ; leaflets ovate, incisely ser-
rate ; umbels on lonp peduncles.
HAB. Mountains. July— -Aug. Stem U ft. high,
very hispid below; pedunc. nxill. and term.
•I. A. spinosa : arborescent; stem and leaves spinous ;
leaves doubly pinnate ; umbels numerous, in com-
pound panicles.
142 PENTANDRIA.— HEXAGYNIA.
HAB. Low fertile woods. Shrub 8 — 12 ft. high*
very prickly ; pan. very large, term.
223. STATICE. Thrift. Plumbaginecs.
1. S. Armeria: scape simple, terete, capitate; leaves
linear, flat.
HAB. Sea-shore. U- Leav. all rad., cespit. ;
scape 1 ft. high; fl. rose-col., in a term. head. -f-.
2. S. Limonium : scope paniculate, terete ; leaves ob-
long, undulate, smooth and nerveless, mucronate
below the tip.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug.— Oct. U . Root large :
scape I ft. high ; pan. large ; fl. secund, blue.
224. LINUM. Flax. Linece.
1. L. virginianum: stem paniculate at the summit;
radical leaves obovate or spathulate ; cauline ones
lanceolate ; flowers remote, alternate ; segments
of the calyx acute.
HAB. Rocky hills. July— Aug. ©. Stem 1±— 3
ft. high, slend. ; leases scat. ; fl. very small, pale
yell,
h. usitatissimum? segments of the calyx ovate, acute,
3-nerved ; petals crewate ; leaves lanceolate, alter-
nate ; stem subsolitary
HAB. Fields. June— Jaly. ©. Stem 1—2 ft.
high, bran, above ; fl. large, blue.
225. SIBBALDIA. Rosacea.
S. procumbens : leaves ternate ; leaflets cuneate4
tridentate, smooth a>>ove, hairy beneath ; flowers
corymbed ; petals lanceolate, acute, about as long
as the calyx.
HAB. High mountains. T? Plant small, procumb. /
fl. yellow.
HEXAGYNIA.
226. DROSERA. Sun-dew. Droseraceoe.
1 % D. rotundifolia : leaves suborbicular, dilated ; pe-
tiole elongated, hairy above ; racemes mostly sim
pie. erect.
HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 143
HAB. Bogs. July — Aug. U . Leav. all rad.9
spreading, covered with brown viscid Jilam. ; scape
4 — 8 in. long ; Jl. secund, small, white ; seeds lin.
2. D. longifolia: leaves crenate, obovate, papering
below into a long footstalk, erect -spreading, scape
declined at the base ; stipules many-cleit, capilla-
ceous ; segments of the calyx ovate-oblong, obtuse.
HAB. Bogs and sandy swamps. July— Aug. U.
Caudex sometimes elong. ; scape bent and ascend. ;
seeds ovate.
3. D. filiformis : leaves filiform, very long, glandulous
the whole length ; scape simple or bifid.
HAB. Sandy swamps. Aug. — Sept. H. Leav,
6 — 10 in. long ; scape 1 ft. long : Jl. large, purp,
POLYANDRIA.
221. XANTHORHIZA. Yellow-root. Ranunculaceo:,
X. apiifolia.
HAB. Banks of rivers. April. Suffruticose ; root
large, yell. ; stem 2 — 3 ft. high ; leav. bipinn. ; J?,
in. comp. racem., dark-purp.
HEXANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA.
A. Flowers complete, having a calyx and coroliu,
228. TRADESCANTIA. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet.
Fil. villous. Caps, superior, 3-celled, many
seeded.
LEONTICE. Cal. 6-leaved, caducous. Pet. 6, un-
guiculate, opposite the calyx. NecU 5, inserted
upon the claws of the petals. Auth. adnate t*
the Jilam. ; 2-celled ; cells opening longitudi-
nally.
!44 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA,
Per. rupturing at an early period, leaving the large
naked, drupe-form seed elevated on its funic.
230. BERBERIS. Cal. 6-leaved. Pet. 6, with 2 glands
on each claw. Style 0 ; stig. umbilicate. Berry
1 -celled, 2— 4-seeded.
231. PRINOS. Cal. minute, 6-cleft. Cor. monopeta-
lous, subrotate, 6-parted. Berry 6-seeded.
<?32. FLCERKEA. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. 3-petalled,
shorter than the calyx. Style bifid. Utric. 2 — 3.
united, 1 -seeded, superior.
B. Flowers spathaceous.
233. AMARYLLIS. Cor. superior, 6-petalled, irregu-
lar. Fil. arising from the orifice of the tube,
declined, or straight, unequal.
234. ALLIUM. Cor. 6-petalled, spreading. Spath
many-flowered. Umb. crowded. Caps, supe-
rior, 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
235. HYPOXIS. Spath. 2-valved. Cor. superior, 6-
parted, persistent. Caps, elongated, narrowed
at the base, 3-celled, many-seeded. Seeds round-
ish, naked.
236. PONTEDERIA. Cor. inferior, 6-cleft, bilabiate ;
under side of the tube perforated with 3 longi-
tudinal foramina ; lower part persistent, calycine.
Stain, unequally inserted ; 3 of them upon the
summit of the tube. Utric. muricate, 1 -seeded.
C. Flowers naked. (Without a spath ; peri-
anth single, petaloid.)
237. C0N0STYL1S. Cor. semi-superior, 6-cleft, per-
sistent, woody. Anth. erect. Style conic, tri-
partite ; stig. simple. Caps, opening at the sum-
mit, 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
338. ALETRIS. Cor. tubulous-ovate, 6-cleft at the
summit, rugose, persistent. Stam, inserted upon
the orifice. Style triquetrous, tripartile. Caps.
semisuperior, many-seeded, opening at the sum-
mit.
HEMEROCALLIS. Car. campanulate ; tube cy-
lindric. Stam. declined. Stigmas rather small,,
simple, somewhat villous.
HEXANDRIA.— MONQGYNIA. I4fe
MO. AGAVE. Cor. superior, erect, tubular or in-
fundibuliform. Staminif.JiL longer than the co-
rolla, erect. Caps, triangular, many-seeded.
241- PHALANGIUM. Cor. 6-petalled, spreading.
Fil. smooth. Caps, superior, ovate. Seeds an-
gular.
242. NARTHECIUM Cor. inferior, 6-petalled;
spreading, persistent. Fil. filiform, hairy. Caps.
prismatic, 3-celled, many-seeded. Seeds finely
attenuate at each extremity. Cal. 0.
243. ORNITHOGALUM. Cor. 6-petalled, persistent,
spreading above the middle. Cal. 0. Fil. dila-
ted at the base. Caps, superior, roundish, 3-
celled. Seeds roundish.
i44. LILIUM. Cor. 6-petalled, campanulate. Pet.
mostly reflexed, marked with a longitudinal nec-
tariferous line. Stam. shorter than the style.
Stig. entire. Caps, superior, subtriangular ;
valves connected by cancellate hairs.
345- ERYTHRONIUM. Cor. 6-petalled, subcam-
panulate ; petals reflexed ; the interior ones with
a callous tooth on each side near the base, and
a nectariferous pore. Caps, superior, substipi-
tate. Seeds ovate.
<!4C. UVULARIA. Cor. inferior, 6-petalled, erect;
petals with a nectariferous cavity at the base of
each. Fil. very short ; anth. adnate. Stig. re-
flexed. Caps, triangular, 3-celled, 3-valved ;
valves septiferous in the middle. Seeds nume-
rous, subglobose, axillate at the hilum.
,147. STREPTOPUS. Cor. inferior, 6-petalled, sub-
campanulate. Stigmas very short. Berry sub-
globose, smooth, 3-celled. Seeds few, hilum
naked.
248. CONVALLARIA. Cor. inferior, 6-cleft. Berry
globose, spotted, 3-celled.
>49. ASPARAGUS. Cor. inferior, 6-parted. Style
very short ; stigmas 3. Berry 3-celled, cel!>
seeded.
N
146 HEXANDRIA.— -TRIGYNIA.
D. Flowers incomplete. (Perianth single, re-
sembling a calyx.)
250. ORONTIUM. Spad. cylindric, crowded with
flowers. Cor. 6-petalled, naked. Style and
stig. scarcely any. Utric. 1 -seeded.
251. ACORUS. Spad. cylindric, covered with flowers.
Cor. 6-petalled, naked. Stig. sessile, very mi-
nute. Caps. 3- celled.
252. JUNCUS. Perian. 6-leaved, glumaceous. Caps.
superior, 3-celled, 3-valved ; cells many-seeded.
Seeds attached to a partition in the middle of
each valve.
253. LUZULA. Perian. 6-leaved, glumaceous. Caps.
superior, 3-celled, 3-valved ; cells 1 -seeded.
valves without partitions.
TRIGYNIA.
254. MELANTH1UM. Polygamous.— Cal. 0. Cor.
6-parted, rotate ; segments unguiculate, with 2
glands at the base of each ; claws staminiferons.
Caps, subovate, 3-celled ; apex partly trifid.
Seeds numerous, membranaceously winged.
255. VERATRUM. Polygamous.— Cal. 0. Cor. 6-
parted, expanding ; segments sessile, without
glands. Stam. inserted upon the receptacle.
Cap. 3, united, many-seeded.
256. HELONIAS. Cor. 6-parted, spreading, without
glands. Styles 3, distinct. Caps. 3-celled, 3-
horned, cells few-seeded.
257. XEROPHYLLUM. Cor. subrotate, deeply 6-
parted. Fil. contiguous at the base. Stig. 3,
revolute, partly united below. Caps, subglo-
bose, 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded, opening at the
summit.
558. TOFIELDIA. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet. 6. Anth.
roundish. Styles vertical, short. Caps. 3. su
perior, united at the base, many-seeded.
HEX ANDRI A.— POLYGYNIA. 147
259. SCHEUCHZERIA, Cal. 6-parted. Cor. 0. Anth.
linear. Stig. sessile, lateral. Caps, inflated,
distinct, mostly 2-seeded.
260. TR1GLOCHIN. Perian. 6-leaved, deciduous ;
leaflets concave ; 3 of the leaflets inferior and
more calycine. Starn. 3 — 6, very short; anth.
» turned outward. Stig. nearly sessile, adnate.
Caps. 3—6, united above by a com. receptacle
and axis, generally separating at the base, 1-
seeded, not opening.
JG1. GYROMIA. Cal. 0. Cor. 6-parted, revolute. Fil.
and anth. distinct. Styles 0 ; stig. 3, filiform
and divaricate, united at the base. Berry 3-
celled ; cells 5 — 6-seeded. Seeds compressed,
3-sided.
262. TRILLIUM. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. 3-petalled.
Stig. sessile. Berry superior, 3-celled ; cells
many-seeded.
263. RUMEX. Perian. 6-leaved. Nut triquetrous,
covered by the 3 interior valviform leaves of
the perianth. Stig many-cleft.
TETRAGYNIA.
2G4. SAURURUS. Flowers in an ament or crowded
spike ; «cales 1 flowered. Cor. 0. Anth. ad-
nate to the filaments. Caps, each 1, or rarely
2-seeded.
POLYGYNIA.
ALISMA. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet. 3. Caps, nume-
rous, 1-seeded, not opening.
TRADESCANTIA. Spider-wort. Commelinea.
1. T. virginica : erect; leaves lanceolate, elongated,
smooth, flowers in a crowded umbel, sessile,
pubescent.
HAB. Shady woods. May. 11. Stem 1 ft. high
\tap, ranalic. ; umb. crowd. ; fl. blur.
148 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
2. T. rosea : erect, simple ; leaves linear ; peduncles
elongated ; calyx smooth.
HAB. Wet sandy fields. May. %. Stem 1 fi.
high ; leav. narrow ; fl. small, rose-col.
229. LEONTICE. Berberidece.
L. thalictroides : leaves bi-triternate ; leaflets 2 — 3
lobed ; flowers paniculate, from the centre of the
leaves.
HAB. Rocky woods and mountains. Apr. — May.
1£. Aft. high, smooth, mostly 2-leav. ; fl. sm.,
greenish-yell. ; seed large, dark blue.
230. BERBERIS. Barberry. Berberideai.
B. vulgaris h canadensis : branches punctate, armed
with trifid spines ; leaves oblong-obovate, distinctly
ciliate-serrate ; racemes simple, subcorymbose.
recurved.
HAB. Rocky hills. May— June. Shrub 3—4 ft.
high ; leav. altern. ; filam. irritable ; fl. yell. ; her.
red, acid.
231. PRINOS. Winterberry. Rhamni.
\. P. verticillatus : leaves deciduous, oval, serrate,
acuminate, pubescent beneath : flowers 6-parted,
dioecious ; staminiferous axillary, subumbellate ;
pistilliferous aggregated.
HAB. Moist woods and swamps. June. Shrub 6 — 3
ft. high ; leav. alt. ; fl. white ; her. scarlet,
a. tenuifolius : leaves obovate, membranaceous,
smooth beneath ; pistilliferous 4 — 5 cleft, Subsoli-
tary.
HAB. Swamps. Leav. do'tuse, or slightly acum. ,
midrib pube* .
-. P. Qtf&iguus: leaves deciduous, oval, cuminate ai
each end ; flowers 4-cleft ; staminiferous ones
crowded on the lower branchlets ; pistilliferous
solitary, on long peduncles.
HAB. Near Philadelphia. A small tree, bark whi-
tish; leav. smooth, petiolate,
HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA 149
P. Icevigatus : leaves deciduous, lanceolate, with ad-
pressed serratures, smooth on both sides, shining
above ; nerves beneath scarcely pubescent ; flow-
ers 6-cleft ; pistilliferous axillary, solitary, subses-
sile ; staminiferous scattered.
HAB. Swamps. June. Shrub 6— S ft. high ; leav,
2| in. long ; stam. fl. pedunc, ber. red.
P. glaber: leaves sempervirent, cuneate-lanceolate,
coriaceous, smooth and shining, subdentate at the
extremity ; pedicels axillary, subsolitary, mostly
3-flowered.
HAB. Swamps and pine-barrens. July. Shrub 3—4
ft. high ; fl. perfect ? pedunc. j ber. black.
232. FLCERKEA. Juncece ?
V. uliginosa.
HAB. River marshes. Apr. — May. 0 Decumb.,
slend., smooth, leav. alt. ; trif. and pinnatif. ; pe-
dunc. axill. ; fl. small, white.
233. AMARYLLIS. Amaryllidece.
A. Atamasco : spath. bifid, acute ; flowers pedicel-
late ; corolla subcampanulate, subequal, erect,
short and tubular at the base ; stamens declined,
equal.
HAB. Swamps. June. V-. Root bulb. ; leav. lin.
concave ; scape 6 in. high ; fl. large, wh. and pink.
234. ALLIUM. Onion, &c. Asphodclea.
A. canadense : scape naked, terete ; leaves linear ;
head bulbiferous.
HAB. Meadows. May. If. Root bulb. ; leav. long
flat above ; fl. numerous, pale rose-col.
A. vineale: cauline leaves rounded, fistulous ; umbel
bulbiferous ; stamens alternately tricuspidate.
HAB. Meadows and pastures. May. If.. Bulb
ovate, stem 2 ft. high ; leav. long ;fl. deep rose-€ol. §.
A. triflorum: scape naked, terete, shorter than
the leaves ; leaves lanceolate, nerved, umfcel few-
lowered
N2
.150 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
HAB. Mountains. May — June.
4. A. cernuum: scape naked, quadrangular, umbellife-
rous ; leaves linear, nearly flat ; umbel cernuous ;
stamens simple ; germen 6-toothed.
HAB. Pennsylvania. July U. Leav. 8—12 in.
long, 3-lin. broad; scape 1 — 2/i>. high; fi. rose-col.
T>. A. tricoccum : scape naked, nearly terete; leaves
lanceolate-oblong, flat, smooth ; umbel globose,
seeds solitary.
HAB. Woods and mountains. June— July. U . Bulb,
large: leav. 1 in. broad ; fi. white.
235. HYPOXIS. Star-grass. Asphodelccc.
IT. erecta: hairy; scape 2— 4-flowered ; leaves li
near ; segments of the corolla lanceolate-oblong.
HAB. Woods and meadows. May — June. U . Roof
bidb. solid ; leav. gramin. ; fi. yell.
23G. PONTEDERIA. Narcissi?
P. cor data : leaves oblong-cordate ; flowers in
crowded spikes.
HAB. In fresh water. Aug. V-. Leav. subrad.,
3 — 4 in. long, thick; spath. oblong ;fi. aggreg. blue.
3. angustifolia : leaves elongated-triangular, trun-
cate and subcordate at the base.
HAB. Mountain-lakes.
237. CONOSTYLIS. Hmmodoracccc.
C. americana: corolla woolly within ; scape corym-
bose-panicled ; leaves gramineous-ensiform, glau-
cous ; filaments equal.
HAB. Sandy swamps. July — Aug. U . Root creep.h
scape 1 ft. long ; fi. small, yellow within.
238. ALETRIS. Star-wort. Asphodelew.
. A. farinosa : flowers pedicellate, oblong-tubular ;
corolla, when decaying, nearly smooth ; leavoi-
broad-lanceolate.
HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 151
HAB. Sandy woods. July. V- • Root prcemorse ; leav.
rad.. spreading ; scape 2 ft. high ;fl. white.
2. A. aurea : flowers subsessile, short, subcampanu-
late ; corolla, when decaying, rugose and very
scabrous ; leaves lanceolate.
HAB. In pine-barrens. July — Aug. H . scape 2 — 3
ft. high; pedicels bracteate ;fl. yellow.
239. HEMEROCALLIS. Day Lily. Hemerocallidece.
II. fulva : leaves broad-linear, carinate ; interior
petals obtuse, undulate ; exterior nerves of the
petals ramose.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — Aug. U . Leav. very
long ; scape 3 ft. high ; fl. large, fulvous. §.
240. AGAVE. Bastard aloe. Bromelice.
A. virginica : stemless, herbaceous ; leaves with
cartilaginous serratures ; scape simple.
HAB. Banks of rivers. Sept. %. Root pr minor se :
leav. succul.; scape 4 — 6 ft. high;fl. yellowish.
241. PHALANGIUM. Asphodelex.
P. esculentum : root bulbous ; leaves all radical, line-
ar, carinate ; stigma minutely 3 cleft.
IIAB. Banks of rivers and lakes. Sept. U. Root
tunic. : scope simp. ; fl. pale blue.
242. NARTHEC1UM. Juncem.
N. americanum: raceme sometimes interrupted!}
spiked, lax ; pedicels with a setaceous bract below
the flower, and another embracing its base ; fila-
ments with very short hair.
HAB. Sandy swamps. Aug. V-. Root creep. ; leav.
rod., narrow cnsif. ;fl. yellow intern.
ORNITHOGALUM. Star of Bethlehem. Aspho
delcce.
O. -umbellatum : corymb, few-flowered ; peduncle*
longer ihun the bracts ; filaments subulate
152 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
HAB. Moist meadows. May — June. H . Root bulb. .
leav, rad., tin. ; fl. while. §.
244. LILIUM. Lily. Liliaceat.
1 . L. philadelphicum : leaves verticillate, linear-lan-
ceolate ; stem 1 — 2-flowered : corolla erect, cam-
panulate, spreading ; petals unguiculate.
HAB. Copses. June— July. V-. Stem 2 ft. high ;
leav. 3-ncrv. ; fl. dark orange.
2. L. canadense : leaves remotely verticillate, lanceo-
late ; nerves hairy beneath; peduncles terminal,
elongated, generally by threes ; flowers nodding ;
corolla turbinate, campanulate, slightly re volute ;
petals lanceolate.
HAB. Moist meadows. June — July. V-. Stem 2 — 4
ft. high ; fl. about 3, spotted.
3. L. superbum : leaves verticillate, linear-lanceolate.
3-nerved, smooth ; the upper ones scattered ; flow-*
ers in a pyramidal raceme, reflexed ; petals revo-
lute.
HAB. Wet meadows. July. U . Stem 4—Gft. high ;
fi. 3 — 20, bright orange, spotted.
4. L. Catesboei : leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate :
stem 1 -flowered ; corolla erect ; petals with lon^
claws, undulate on the margin, reflexed at the rip.
HAB. Pennsylvania. July. y. . Stem l±fi.high;
fl. large, scarlet, spotted.
245. ERYTHRON1UM. Dog's-tooth Violet. Liliace<r.
3. E. amcricanum : leaves lanceolate, punctate ; petal*
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at the point ; interior
ones bidentate near the base ; style clavate ; stigma
entire.
HAB. Shady moist places. April — May. U • Leav.
2, rad ;fl. solit. nod., yellow.
2. E. albidum : leaves elliptical-lanceolate, not punc-
tate ; petals linear-lanceolate, obtuse ; inner ones
without dentures, subunguiculate ; style 3-cleft ;
lobes reflexed.
HAB. River banks. April. U . Leav. 6 in. long
fl. large, bluish white.
HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 153
246. UVULARIA. Bell-wort. Liliacece.
1. U. perfoliata : leaves perfoliate, elliptic-obtuse;
corolla campanulate, granular, scabrous within ;
anthers cuspidate.
HAB. Moist shady places. May— June. U. . 8—10
in. high ; fl. pcnd. pale yell.
I. V.flava: leaves perfoliate, elliptical-oblong, undu-
late at the base ; corolla tapering at the base, sca-
brous within ; anthers awned.
HAB. Shady woods. May — June. lj. . Fl. larger
mid brighter yellow than U. perf.
3. U. grandijlora : leaves perfoliate, oblong, acute;
petals smooth within ; anthers without awns ; nec-
taries subrotund.
HAB. Rocky hills, ty . Fl. large, bright yellow.
4. U. sessilifolia : stem smooth; leaves sessile, oval-
lanceolate, glaucous beneath ; petals flat, smooth
within ; capsule stipitate.
HAB. Shady thickets. May — June. V-. Stem 6-,
12 in. high, forked above ; fl. pale yellow.
247. STREFTOFUS. Liliacea>.
1. S. roseus : smooth and shining; leaves amplexicaul,
serrulate ciliate, anthers short, 2-horned.
HAB. Mountains. May— June. V-. Stem 18 in.
high, dicliot. ;Jl. rose-col.
. distorius : smooth ; leaves amplexicaul, smooth on
the margin ; pedicels distorted and geniculate in the
middle ; anthers sagittate, acuminate, much longer
than the filaments.
HAB. Mountain woods. May. U- Stem 2 ft. high ;
fl. solit.y greenish yellow.
*•. S. lanuginosus : hoary-pubescent; leaves sessile,
subcordatc at the base, acuminate ; pedicels by
pairs, on a very short foot-stalk.
HAB. High mountains. May. V-. Leav. abrupt
acum. ; fl. large, greenish.
CONVALLARIA, Solomon's seal, kc. lAlia
154 HEXANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A.
* Corolla deeply 4-parted, spreading ; stamens 4 ;
berry 2-celled. (Flowers in a terminal
raceme.) Majanthemum.
1. C. bifolia : Stem 2-leaved ; leaves on short petioles,
cordate oblong, very smooth on both sides ; raceme
simple, terminRl ; flowers tetrandrous.
HAB. Shady woods'. May- June. V-. Stem 4—6
in. high; Jl. small, white; her. spotted with red.
** Cor. G-parted, spreading ; filaments divergent, at-
tached to the base of the segments. (Flowers in
a terminal raceme.) Smilacina.
2. C. stellata : leaves numerous, alternate, oval-ianceo-
late, amplexicaul ; rareme simple, terminal.
HAB. Wet meadows. May — June. V-. Afoot high,
terete; fi. small, white.
3. C. trifolia : stem about 3-leaved ; leaves alternate,
ovate-lanceolate, contracted at the base ; raceme
simple, terminal, few-flowered.
HAB. Mountain swamps. May. 1/. Jl span high :
ft. sm. white, on short pedicels.
4. C. racemosa : leaves numerous, alternate, sessile,
oblong-oval, acuminate, nerved, pubescent ; flow-
ers in a terminal, racemose panicle.
HAB. Low grounds. June. % Stem IB in. — 2 ft.
high, subflex. ;fl. small, while ; ber. red.
*** Corolla subcampanulate, deeply 6-parted; style elon-
gated ; berry 2-celled, many-seeded.
:>. C. umbellulata : subcaulescent : leaves oblong-oval,
ciliate on the margin, scape pubescent ; umbel,
terminal ; pedicels nodding, with minute bracts at
the base.
HAB. Mountain bogs. May — June. U. Leav. very
large, about 3, subrad. ; scape 6 — 8 in, long ; umb.
3 — 4fi. ;Jl. greenish yellow ; ber. blue.
•#*** Corolla 6-cleft, cylindric ; filaments inserted or
the upper part of the tube ; berry 2>-celled ; cells 2-
HEXANDRI A.— MONOG YN I A . 1 55
seeded. (Flowers axillary.) Poly-
gonatum.
• . C. multiflora: stem terete; leaves alternate, am-
plexicaul, oblong-oval ; peduncles axillary, many-
flowered.
HAB. Rocky hills. June— July. "4- Stem 2— 3 ft.
high, smooth ;fl. gr. white.
7. C. hiflora: stem terete, smooth; leaves alternate
elliptical-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; peduncles axillary,
solitary, 2- flowered.
HAB. Rocky places. V-. Fl. yellow white, with
green lips. -}-.
8. C. pubescent : stem nearly terete, furrowed ; leaves
alternate, amplexicaul, ovate, pubescent beneath ;
peduncles axillary generally 2-flowered.
HAB. Rock. June. U . Stem 1 8 in. high, smooth ;
fl. yet. wh. and green.
.*». C. canaliculaia ; stem canaliculate ; leaves alternate,
amplexicaul, oblong, pubescent on the margin ;
peduncles axillary, 2-flowered.
HAB. Shady woods. U. -f.
10. C. latifolia : stem angular ; leaves sessile, ovate,
acuminate ; peduncles one or many-flowered.
HAB. Rocky banks. June— July. Stem 3—5 ft.
high ; ped. 3 — 6fl. ; fl. gr. wh.
249. ASPARAGUS. Asparagece.
A. officinalis : unarmed ; stem herbaceous, erect te-
rete, very much branched ; leaves setaceous, fasci-
culate, flexible ; peduncles jointed in the middle.
HAB. Rocky and gravelly shores. June. U . Fi.
gr. while. §.
250. ORONTIUM. Golden club. Aroideaz.
O. aquaticum : leaves lanceolate-ovate ; scape cylindri-
cal, spiked.
HAB. In water. May. V-. Lcav. rad. large ; spa-
dix yellow.
156 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
251. ACORUS. Sweet-flag. Aroidece.
A. calamus : spadix protruding from the side of an
ensiform leaf.
HAB. Swamps. June. U. Root creep., arom.:
leav. rush-like ; spad. greenish.
252. JUNCUS. Rush. Juncece.
* Scapes naked ; flowers lateral.
J . J. ejfusus : scape minutely striate, (soft ;) paniclejloose,
very much branched, spreading ; leaflets of the
perianth lanceolate, acuminate, rather longer than
the obovate obtuse capsule.
IIAB. Low grounds. June. H • Scape 2 — 3ft high;
stam. 3 ; seeds attenuate.
2. J. setaceus : scape filiform, striate, umbel, lateral.
compound, few-flowered ; peduncles many-flow-
ered; leaflets of the perianth subulate.
HAB. Swamps. H. Scape slend., 2 ft. high; pan.
small ; caps, acute.
3. J. acutus : scape naked, terete, panicle lateral ;
involucrum 2-leaved, spinous ; capsule nearly
round, mucronate, as long again as the perianth.
HAB. Sandy sea-coast. U . Stem in subdistich.fas-
cic, 2 — 3ft. high; seeds ang.
* Leaves all radical ; {flowers terminal.)
i. J. squarrosus : leaves setaceous, (rigid,) 'grooved ;
panicle terminal, elongated, compound ; capsules
elliptical.
HAB. New- York. +.
5. J. tenuis : stem erect, filiform, a little dichotomous
at the summit, nearly terete ; leaves setaceous,
canaliculate ; flowers solitary, approximate, sub-
sessile ; perianth longer than the obtuse capsule.
HAB. Wet or dry places. June — July. 11. Afoot
high, tenacious ; pan. subcorymb.
6. J. nodosus : stem somewhat leafy; leaves nodose-
articulate ; heads mostly 2, globose, one of thena
lateral and pedunculate, the other sessile ; leaflets
HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 15;
of the perianth mucronate, shorter than the acu
minate capsule.
HAB. Wet places. July. H . Stem 8— -10 in. high :
heads 8—12/., 1 sess.
*** Stems leafy.
t Leaves nearly plane, grooved above.
7. J. marginatus: leaves flat, smooth; corymb term i
nal, simple, proliferous ; heads 5 — 10-flowered ;
flowers triandrous ; leaflets of the perianth about
as long as the obtuse capsule ; the exterior ones
and the bracts subaristate.
IIAB. Low grounds. Aug. U. Stem 12 — 18 in.
high ; leav. mostly rad.; stain. 3.
8. J. trijidus : sheaths ciliate ; those at the base of the
stem leafless ; bracts foliaceous, very long, grooved ;
heads about 3-flowered, terminal, stem 1 -leaved.
HAB. High mountains. Aug. U . Six in. high;
leaf nearly term., setae.
9. J. bulbosus : stem simple leafy, compressed ; leaves
linear-setaceous, canaliculate ; panicle terminal,
compound, subcymose, shorter than the involu-
crum ; leaflets of the perianth incurved, obtuse or
acute, generally shorter than the ovate, subglobose
cnpsule.
IIAB. Salt marshes. Aug.— Sept. U . A foot high,
wiry ; caps, dark brown.
10. J. bufonius : stem dichotomous above, paniculate;
leaves filiform, setaceous, canaliculate ; flowers
subsolitary, sessile, unilateral, leaves of the peri-
anth very acuminate, much longer than the ellipti
cal ovate capsule.
HAB. Wet places. June— Aug. 0. Stem 3-^6 in.
high ; sheaths membran.
\\ Leaves rounded or subenmpressed.
11. J. acuminata*: stem leafy, erect; leaves terou-.
nodose-articulate ; panicle terminal, compound .
heads 3 — G-flo\vered, pedunculate and sessile
O
1 58 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
leaflets of the perianth linear-lanceolate, suba-
ristate, shorter than the acute capsule.
HAB. Bogs. Aug. U . Stem 18 in. high, tenac. ;
cops, tiiquet.
12. J. polycephalus : stem leafy, erect; leaves com-
pressed, nodose-articulate ; panicle decompound ;
heads globose, many flowered ; flowers trian-
drous ; leaflets of the perianth subaristate, rather
shorter than the triquetrous acute capsule.
HAB. Bog*. Aug.— Sept. 4 . Stem 18 in.— 2ft. high,
subcotnpress. below; heads 12 — lo-Jl. stam. 3,
(rarely 6.)
13. J. subverticillatus : Cauline leaves subulate, nodose-
articulate ; panicle corymbose ; heads about 5-
flowered, fasciculate-verticillate ; leaflets of the
perianth striate, as long as the obtuse capsule.
I1AB. Bogs. July. 4 . Stem 8 — 12 in. long, slend. :
heads 3 — ojl.
253. LUZULA. Juncece.
1 . L. pilosa : leaves hairy ; panicle subcymose ; pe-
duncles 1 -flowered, reflexed ; leaflets of the peri-
anth acuminate, rather shorter than the obtuse
capsule.
HAB. Mountains. Apr. — May. U. Stem 6 in. high,
slend. ; pedic. capill.
2. L. campestris: leaves hairy; spikes sessile and
pedunculate ; leaflets of the perianth acuminate,
longer than the obtuse capsule.
HAB. Low grounds and woods. Apr. — May. Afoot
h igh ; sp ik . roun dish .
-). L. melanocarpa: culm leafy ; leaves sublanceolate,
smooth ; panicles capillary, loose ; flowers soli-
tary, distinctly pedicellate ; capsules black.
HAB. High Mountains. July. If. A foot high ; pe-
dicels solit. ; caps, oblong.
\. L. spicata : leaves narrow, hairy at the throat;
spike cernuous, compound ; leaflets of the peri-
anth acuminate-aristate, about as long as the round-
ish capsule.
HAB. High Mountains. Aug. If. Jl foot high ; spike-
lets bract, ferrug.
HEXANDRIA.— TRIG YNIA. 1 59
TRIGYNIA.
254. MELANTHIUM. Melanthacece.
1. M. virginicum : panicle pyramidal, petals oval.
somewhat hastate, flat ; flowers mostly perfect.
HAB. Wet Meadows. July- Aug. 4. . Stem 3 ft.
high ; pan. large, loose ;fl. polygamo-dioic, green-
ish zvh., at length brown.
2. M. dioicum : root a tunicated bulb ; leaves glau-
cous, gramineous, margined ; raceme mostly sim-
ple, few-flowered ; flowers perfect ; petals round-
ish, unguiculate, with two spots ; seeds subulately
winged.
HAB. Banks of Rivers. July— Aug. Afoot high, Jl.
whitish.
3. M. hybridum: panicle racemose, petals suborbicu-
lar, plaited, with long claws ; glands connate.
HAB. Pennsylvania. Stem 2 ft. high; leav. loiig-lin.
Jl. not changing.
255. VERATRUM. Green and White Hellebore.
Melanthacece.
V. viride : racemes paniculate ; bracts of the bran-
ches oblong-lanceolate ; partial ones longer than
the subpubescent peduncles ; leaves broad-ovate,
plicate.
IIAB. Swamps. June — July. Root large ; stem3 — i
ft. high ; Jl. green.
25G. HELONIAS. Melanthacece.
1 . H. latifolia : scape leafless ; spike ovate, crowded ;
bracts linear-lanceolate, leaves lanceolate, mucro-
nate, nerved.
HAB. Swamps. May. Fl. pale purp. ; anth. blue.
_'. H. erythrosperma : scape leafy ; leaves linear, very
long ; raceme oblong ; bracts short ; capsule
shortened, with divaricate horns ; seeds ovate.
red.
HAB. Shady river banks and mountains. June. U .
1G0 HEXANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.
Root bulb. ; stem 2 ft. high.fl. wh. ; seeds with a
scarlet coat.
\. II. angustifolia : scape leafy ; leaves very long and
narrow ; raceme oblong, lat. ; capsule oblong ;
seeds linear.
HAB. New- York. Rootfibr. ; stem 2ft. high; racem.
simp. ; Jl. wh.
1. H. dioica: scape leafy ; racemes dioicous, spiked,
cernuous ; pedicels very short, without bracts ;
petals linear ; stamens exserted ; leaves lanceo-
late.
IIAB. Wet meadows. June. Root prcemorse, stem
1—2/*. high ; Jl. white.
257. XEROPHYLLUM. Melanthacece .
X. setifolium : raceme oblong, crowded ; bracts se-
taceous ; filaments dilated at the base, as long as
the corolla ; leaves subulate setaceous.
HAB. Pine barrens. June. U . Root subbulb. ; rad.
leav. long, cespit. ; Jl. white.
258. TOF1ELDIA. Melanthacece.
T. pubens: flowers on a scape, rachis and pedicels
scabrous ; spike oblong, interrupted ; capsules
subglobose, scarcely longer than the calyx.
HAB. Delaware. U . Leav. narrow-ensif, subradic. :
scape 18 in. high ; spike gr. wh.
259. SCHEUCHZERIA. Juncaginece.
S. palustris.
HAB. Swamps. V-. July. Root horiz. stem 8—12
in. high ; leav. lin. ; racem. 5 — 7 jl. ; Jl. pedun-
cul. gr. yell. ; caps, large.
iGO. TRIGLOCHIN. Arrow-grass. Juncaginea.
1. T. maritimum: fruit ovate-oblong, of G united
capsules.
HAB. Salt marshes and about salt springs. July-
HEXANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 161
Aug. V>. Leav. rad., narrow, rush like ; spike very
long.
2. T. palustre : flowers triandrous ; fruit of 3 united
capsules, nearly linear, attenuate at the base.
HAB. Marshes. July. U. Leav. very narrow ; scape
slend. ; 12 in, high.
261. GYROMIA. Indian Cucumber. Asparagece.
G. virginica.
HAB. Moist woods. May — June. 1/. Root tub., stem
simp. ; leav. verticill. ; jl. yell.
262. TRILLIUM. American Herb Paris. Asparageui.
1. T. sessile: flower sessile, erect ; petals lanceolate,
twice as long as the calyx ; leaves sessile, broad
oval, acute.
HAB. Shady rocks. U. Root praimorse, and Jib. ; Jl.
and her. purp.
1. T. erylhrocarpum: peduncles somewhat erect ; pe-
tals oval-lanceolate, acute, recurved, nearly as
long again as the narrow calyx ; leaves ovate,
acuminate, rounded at the base ; abruptly con-
tracted into a short petiole.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. May. U. Stem 8 in. high ;
Jl. zvh. with purp. veins.
i. T. pusillum : peduncle erect; petals scarcely
longer than the calyx ; leaves oval oblong, obtuse,
sessile.
HAB. Pennsylvania. Plant small ; pet. pale Jlesh
col.
1. T. cernuum : peduncle recurved; petals lanceo-
late, acuminate, flat, recurved, of the length and
breadth of the calyx ; leaves dilated-rhomboid,
abruptly acuminate, on short petioles.
HAB. Shady woods. May. U. Stem 12—18 in.
high ; Jl. wh. ; ber. large, purp.
T. treclum : peduncle inclined; flower nodding;
petals ovate, acuminate, flat, spreading, broader
and a little longer than the calyx ; leaves broad-
rhomboid, acuminate, sessile.
0*
62 HEXANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.
HAB. Rich soil, among rocks. May. %. Aft. high
fl. large, dark purp.
&. album : flowers smaller, petals white.
•>. T. pendulum: peduncle inclined; flower pendu-
lous ; petals ovate, shortly acuminate, flat, spread-
ing, nearly equal to the ovate acuminate calyx :
leaves roundish-rhomboid ; acuminate subsessile.
HAB. Mountains. May. U. A foot high; leav. acute
at base ; fl. wh. veined.
7. T. grandiflorum : peduncle inclined ; flower some
what erect ; petals spathulate-lanceolate, conni-
vent at the base, much longer than the calyx ;
leaves broadly rhomboid-ovate.
HAB. Rocky woods. U . May. Stem. 8— 10 m. high ;
leav. sess ; fl. large, wh.
263. RUMEX. Dock. Polygonecs.
•■ Flowers all perfect ; valves graniferous. lapathum.
t Valves entire.
R. aquaticus : valves ovate, entire, all of them
graniferous ; leaves lanceolate, all of them cordate
at the base.
HAB. Wet places. June. Root large, astrin. ; stem
3 — 4 ft. high; grains linear. §?
2. R. crispus : valves very large, cordate, entire, re-
ticulate, graniferous ; leaves lanceolate, undulate,
acute.
HAB. Meadows. June. Root yell. ; stem 2—3/'.
high ; grains unequal, §.
;. R. sanguineus: valves oblong, small, one of them
graniferous ; leaves lanceolate, subcordate.
HAB. Fields. June. Stem 2— 3ft. high ; leav. mostly
varieg. with red, §.
4. R. Britannica : valves all entire and graniferous ;
whorls of flowers leafless ; leaves broad-lanceo-
late, flat, smooth ; sheaths obsolete.
HAB. Wet places. June. Root large, dark ext.,yell.
int. ; stem 2—3 ft. high.
5. R. verticillatus : valves entire, all of them granift-
HEXANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 163
rous ; racemes leafless ; leaves lanceolate ; sheaths
cylindrical.
HAB. Wet places. June. Root large; stem 2 ft.
high ; fl. semiverticil.
t | Valves toothed.
u. R. acutus : valves oblong, somewhat toothed, all of
them graniferous ; leaves cordate-oblong, acumi-
nate, whorls leafy.
HAB. Waste places. May. Stem 2— 3ft. high ; low-
er leav. large, §. \
7. R. obtusifolius : valves dentate, one of them con-
spicuously graniferous ; radical leaves ovate-cor-
date, obtuse ; stem somewhat scabrous.
HAB. Woods and fields. June — July. Root brown
ext., yell, int.; rad. leav. very large, §.
* * Flowers dicecious ; valves grainless. acetosa.
8. R. Acelosella: leaves lanceolate-hastate, with the
lobes spreading or recurved.
HAB. Fields. May— July. Stem 4—12 in. high;
plant acid. §. Pist. Fl. rare.
TETRAGYNIA.
261. SAURURUS. Lizard's-tail. Najades?
6. cemuus.
IJAB. In water. July— Aug. y.. Stem 1 8 in.— 2ft.
high ; leav. alt., petiol. cordate, spike 3 — 6 in. long,
while, cal. tub.
POLYGYRIA.
265. ALISMA. Water-Plantain. Alismacev.
\. Plantago : leaves ovate-cordate, acute or obtuse,
9-ncrved ; flowers in a compound verticillate pant
cle : "fruit obtusely triangular.
HAB. In water. July — Aug. If. Leav. rad. 9
nerv. : petiol. ; pan. large ; fl. wh.
3. parviflora : leaves oval, 5 — 7-nerved, acuminata
flowers very small.
16 1 HEPTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
HEPTANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA.
206. TRIENTALIS. Cal. 7-leaved. Cor. 7-parted,
equal, flat. Berry dry, 1-celled, many-seeded.
267. iESCULUS. Cal. 1-leaved, 4— 5-toothed, ven-
tricose. Cor. 4 — 5-petalled. Pet. unequal, pu-
bescent, inserted upon the calyx. Caps. 3-
cellecl. Seeds large, solitary.
MONOGYNIA.
266. TRIENTALIS. Chick-weed winter-green.
Primulaceai.
T. americana : leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminate,
serrulate ; petals acuminate.*
IIAB. Woods and swamps. U . May — June. Leav.
nhorled ; fl. sol., rvh.
067. yESCULUS. Horse-chesnut. Aceracece.
JEt. glabra: leaves quinate, very smooth, corolla 4-
petalled, spreading, with the claws as long as the
calyx ; stamens longer than the corolla ; fruit spi-
nous.
IIAB. Woods. May. Tj. A large shrub ; fl. large,
yel. uh.,panicul.
OCTANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA.
* Flowers superior.
268. RI1EXIA. Cal. urceolate, 4— 5-cleft. Pet. 4.
inserted upon the calyx. Anth. incumbent, at-
tached to the filaments behind, naked at the
base. Caps, setigerous, 4-celled, free in the ven-
* These characters, pointed out by Dr. Bigelow, I am now satis-
fied, will distinguish the N. American Trientalis from the European.
OCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 165
tricose calyx. Recept. lunulate, pedicellate.
Seeds numerous.
269. (ENOTHERA. Cal. tubular, 4-cleft; segments
deflexed, deciduous. Pet. 4. Stig. 4-cleft.
Caps. 4-celled, 4-valved. Seeds naked, affixed
to a central, 4-sided receptacle.
270. GAURA. Cal. 4-cleft, tubular. Cor. 4-petalled,
ascending. Nut quadrangular 1 -seeded.
271. EPILOB1UM. Cal 4-cleft, tubular. Cor. 4-petal-
led. Caps, oblong, inferior. Seeds comose.
272. OXYCOCCUS. Cal. superior, 4-toothed. Cor.
4-parted; segments sublinear, revolute. Filam.
connivent ; Anth. tubular, 2-parted. Berry
many-seeded.
** Flowers inferior.
J73. MENZIESIA. Cal. 1-leaved. Cor. monopeta-
lous, ovate. Filam. inserted into the receptacle ;
anth. awnless. Caps, superior, 4-celled ; dis-
sepiments formed by the inflexed margins of the
valves. Seeds numerous, oblong.
274. ACER. Flowers mostly polygamous. Cal. 5-
cleft. Pet. 5 or 0. Samaras 2, winged, united at
the base, by abortion 1- seeded.
275. DIRCA. Cal. 0. Cor. tubular ; border obsolete.
Stam. unequal, exserted. Berry 1-seeded.
27G. JEFFERSONIA. Cal. 4— 5-leaved. Cor. 8-pe-
talled. Caps, obovate, substipitate 1-celled,
opening below the summit by a semicircular
foramen. Seeds numerous, arillate at the base,
TRIGYNIA.
J77. POLYGONUM. Perianth 5-parted, petaloid, in
ferior. Nut 1-seeded, mostly angular.
MONOGYNIA.
18, R1JEXIA. Melaslomacece.
I. It. virginica: stem with winged angles, somewhat
hairy ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrate
166 OCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
ciliate, sprinkled with appressed hairs on both
sides.
HAB. Wet meadows. July — Aug. U • Stem quad.
I ft. high ; JI. large , pur p.
2. R. mariana : very hairy ; leaves lanceolate-acute
at each end, 3-nerved, subpetiolate ; calyx tubular,
nearly smooth.
HAB. Bogs and wet woods. Aug. U. A foot high:
stem subterete ; Ji. purp.
3. R. ciliosa : stem subquadrangular, smooth ; leave?
subpetiolate, oval, smooth beneath, slightly hispid
above ; margin serrulate-ciliate ; flowers invo-
lucrate.
HAB. Delaware. A foot high, slend. ; leav. small :
JI, purp. ; pet. roundish.
269. OENOTHERA. Night willow-herb. Onagrario'.
* Capsule elongated, sessile.
1. (E. biennis: stem villous and scabrous; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, flat, dentate ; flowers somewhat
spiked, sessile : stamens shorter than the corolla.
HAB. Fields. June— Oct. 0 ;?. Stem 3—5 ft.
high; leav. alt. ;fl. racewi., yellow.
2. CE. muricata : stem purplish, muricate ; leaves lan-
ceolate, flat ; stamens longer than the corolla.
HAB. Fields. Fl. smaller.
3. CE. parviflora: stem smooth, subvillous ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, flat ; stamens longer than the co-
rolla.
HAB. Fields and woods. £. -f-.
4. CE. grandiflora : stem nearly smooth, branched:
leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; stamens decli-
nate.
HAB. Fields. July— Aug. £. Stem 3— 5 ft. high,
terete ; JI. large, yellow.
5. CE. sinuata : stem diffused, pubescent ; leaves oval-
oblong, sinuate-dentate; flowers axillary, villous";
capsule prismatic.
0. minima: stem humble, simple, 1 -flowered ;
leaves entire.
OCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 167
HAB. Sandy fields. 0. 1—3 in. high, 1—2/. small,
sess. ; caps. lin.
** Capsule ventricose, angular, mostly pedicellate.
6. (E. fruticosa : somewhat villous ; leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, subdentate, acute ; petals broad-obcordate ;
capsules oblong-clavate, pedicellate, quadrangular ;
raceme naked below.
HAB. Hills and woods. June. 0. Stem 12 — 18 in.
high, purp. ; leav. punc.
■3. ambigua : more or less pilose; stem simple;
leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, sub-
denticulate ; petals obcordate, longer than broad ;
points of the calyx very short ; capsules subsessile,
always smooth, oblong and 4-winged ; raceme na-
ked below.
HAB. Hills and dry woods. July. Leaves 2J- in.
long.
7. (E. incana : stem slender, erect ; leaves flat, hoary
and tomentose, very entire, elliptic-ovate, acute ;
raceme few-flowered, naked ; capsules subsessile,
oblong and quadrangular.
HAB. Dry Woods. Stem 6—8 in. high; fl. bright
yellow. -{-•
8. (E. pumila : smooth ; stem ascending ; leaves lan-
ceolate, very entire, obtuse ; capsule subsessile,
elliptical-obovate, angular.
IIAB. Dry fields. June. U • A span high: fi. small ;
pet. obcordate.
9. CE. chrysantha: stem slender, pubescent; leaves
lanceolate, rather obtuse, flat, entire ; segments
of the calyx as long again as the tube ; capsule
clavate, sessile, acutely angular.
IIAB. Mountains. Afoot high;Jl. small, bright
yellow.
10. CE. pusilla : subpubescent ; stem nearly simple;
leaves lanceolate-oblong, somewhat obtuse, en-
tire ; flowers axillary at the summit ; capsule
sessile, clavate-turbinate, almost equally 8-angled.
IIAB. Mountains. Stem \ — 6 in. high, erect.
168 OCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
270. GAURA. Onagrarioe.
G. biennis : leaves lanceolate, dentate ; spikes crowd-
ed ; fruit roundish, subquadrangular, pubescent.
HAB. Banks of rivers. Aug. $. Stem 1£— ft ft.
high, hairy ; Ji. num. rose-col.
271. EPILOBIUM. Willow-herb. Onagrarice.
1. E. spicatum: leaves scattered, veined, smooth:
flowers subspicate ; stamens declinate.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. % . Stem 3— 5 ft. high, terete ;
cal. col. ; ji. large purp.
2. E. coloratum : stem terete, pubescent ; leaves lan-
ceolate, serrulate, petiolate,opposite, smooth, with
coloured veins ; the upper ones alternate.
HAB. Wet places. July— Aug. U. &m 3-4/t.
high; upper bran, subquadran. ; ji. axill. purp. :
caps. 2 — 3 in. long.
3. E. rosmarinifoliurn : stem terete, pubescent, bran-
ching above ; leaves linear, Very entire ; those
on the stem opposite ; on the branches alternate ;
flowers pedunculate ; petals bifid ; stigma entire.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U . Root bulb, and scaly ; ji.
very small, pale purp.
\. E. molle: densely and softly pubescent ; stem te-
rete ; leaves oblong linear, sessile, very entire ;
the lower ones opposite ; upper ones alternate ;
flowers pedicellate, subterminal, regular ; petals
2-lobed ; stigma entire.
HAB. Wet grounds. Aug. U . Stem 18 in. high,
^branch, above; silky pubes. ; jl. small, pale purp.
272. OXYCOCCUS. Cranberry. Vaccinev.
]. O. macrocarpus : creeping; branches ascending;
leaves oblong, nearly flat, obtuse, with distant
obsolete serratures, glaucous beneath ; pedicels
elongated ; segments of the corolla jincar-lanco-
• •Iate.
eCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. i«y
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. June. 1J. . Stejn long.
Jilif. ; fl. red ; ber. scarl.
O. vulgaris ; leaves ovate, entire, revolute ; seg-
ments of the corolla oval ; stem filiform, creeping,
naked.
HAB. Mountain bogs. U . -f.
273. MENZIESIA. Ericece.
M. cozrulea : leaves scattered, crowded, lineal,
toothed ; pedicels terminal, aggregate, 1 -flowered :
flowers campanulate, decandrous, 1-flowered, ca
lyx very acute.
HAB. High mountains. July. V Evergreen, branch,
fl. large, pur p.
M. globularis: leaves lanceolate, glaucous beneath,
except the nerves, pubescent ; calyx 4-cleft ; flow-
ers globose, octandrous.
HAB. Mountains. June. Tj. Stem 4 in. high ; fl
yell, brown.
274. ACER. Maple. Aceracece.
A. rubrum: leaves palmately about 5-lobed, cordate
at the base, unequally and incisely toothed, glau-
cous beneath ; the sinuses acute ; flowers aggregated
in about fives, on rather long pedicels ; germens
glabrous.
HAB. Woods. April. A large tree ; precocious ; fl.
red ; slam. 5 — 6.
A. dasycarpon : leaves palmately 5-lobed ; truncate
at the base, incisely toothed, smooth and whitish
beneath ; sinuses obtuse ; pedicels short ; germens
tomentose.
HAB. Banks of rivers. April. A large tree; fl. gr.
yel. : pet. 0 ; fruit large.
A. barbatum : leaves ovate-cordate, with 3 short
lobes, unequally serrate, glaucous beneath, and pu-
bescent on the nerves ; peduncles hairy ; those of
the staminiferous flower* branched : of the pistil
liferous simple ; wings of the samara?, erect.
HAB. Cedar swamps. A small tree ; leav. small : fl
vale green, -f-.
P
170 OCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
4. A. saccharinum : leaves palmately 5-lobed, subcor-
date at the base, acuminate, glaucous beneath ; pe-
duncles corymbose, nodding.
HAB. Woods. April. A large tree ; fl. yellowish on
Jilif. fed. ; wings narrow.
5. A. nigrum: leaves palmately 5-lobed, cordate, with
the sinus closed ; lobes divaricate, sinuate-subden-
tate, pubescent beneath ; flowers corymbed ; sama-
ras turgid, subglobose.
HAB. Mountainous regions. April. A large tree ;Jl.
yellowish on Jilif. ped., apet.
(?. A. pennsylvanicum : leaves with 3 acuminate lobes,
rounded at the base, acutely dentate, smooth ; ra-
ceme simple, pendulous.
HAB. Mountains. May. Shrub ten ft. high; bark
striped; fl. gr. yel., large.
7. A. montanum: leaves somewhat 5-lobed, acute, den-
tate, pubescent beneath ; racemes compound,
erect.
HAB. Mountains. May. Shrub 6— 10ft. high ; leav.
small ; fl. greenish.
t Flowers diozcious. Calyx minute , b-toothed. Petals 0.
stamens 5 ; anthers linear, sessile, acuminate. Sa-
maras as in Acer. — Negundium.
8. A. Negundo : leaves pinnate and ternate, unequally
serrate.
HAB. River banks. April. A large tree : leaflets
5 — 7 ,- racem. pend.
275. DIRCA. Leather-wood. Thymelece. ,
D. palustris :
HAB. Woods. April. Shrub 2 ft. high, with tough
bran. ; fl. and bark yellow.
276. JEFFERSONIA. Podophyllacece.
J. diphylla.
HAB. Fertile woods. V-- Leaf binate,peiiol.; scape
\ft. high,fl. sol. term., large, white; caps, large.
coriac.
OCTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 171
TRIGYNIA.
277, POLYGONUM. Persicaria, &c. Polygon**.
* Flowers axillary.
1. P. aviculare : stamens 8, styles 3, leaves lanceolate,
scabrous on the margin ; nerves of the stipules dis-
tant ; stem procumbent, herbaceous.
HAB. Fields, &c. May— Oct. 0. Much bran. ;
Jl. very small, wh. or reddish : seed striate.
2. P. glaucum: flowers octandrous ; styles 3; leaves
lanceolate, thick and glaucous, revolute on the
margin ; stipules lacerate ; pedicels exserted ; stem
diffuse, procumbent ; seed acutely angular, smooth
and shining.
HAB. Sandy sea-shore. Aug. © ? Stem long, sub-
lig. ; Jl. larger than No. 1, rose-col.
3. P. tenue: stem slender, erect, branched, acutely
angular ; flowers alternate, subsolitary ; leaves
linear, acuminate, straight ; stipules tubular, lace-
rate, with the segments finely attenuate at the ex-
tremity.
HAB. Rocks and sandy fields. July — Sept. 0.
Stem 6 — 10 in. high; ang. scab.
** Flowers spiked.
f. Spike solitary, terminal; stamens ; stigmas 3, nut tri-
angular. BlSTORTA..
4. P. viviparum : stem simple ; spike linear,- solitary :
leaves linear-lanceolate, revolute on the margin ;
the lower ones elliptical, petiolate.
HAB. High mountains. Aug. U. Stem 6 — 8 in.
high; slip, tub., smooth ; Jl. red.
\] Spikes axillary or terminal; stamens 5 — 8; stigmas
mostly 2 ; nut ovate. Peksicari \.
'). P. punctatum: flowers octandrous", glandular-punc-
tate ; styles 3-parted ; stipules slightly hairy, cili-
ate ; spike filiform, at first cernueus ; leaves lan-
ceolate, with pellucid punctures, scabrous on the
margin and ruulrib.
172 OCTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.
HAB. Wet places. Aug.— Oct. U . Stem lift,
high ; ft. wh. — plant acrid.
6. P. mite : flowers octnndrous, somewhat crowded :
styles 3-parted ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, some-
what hairy ; stipules hairy, with long ciliae.
HAB. Wet places. Aug.— Sept. U . Stem 18 in,
high, ft. pale red or white ; plant not acrid.
7. P. virginianum : flowers 4-cleft, unequal, remote,
pentandrous ; styles 2 ; spike very long, virgate ;
leaves oval-lanceolate.
HAB. Moist shady places. Aug. — Sept. If. Stem
2 — 4 ft. high, ft white ; fr. birost.
8. P. amphibium : flowers pentandrous ; styles bifid ;
spike oblong or ovate ; leaves petiolate, oblong or
lanceolate, subcordate.
x. terrestre : stem nearly erect ; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, often cordate at the base, smooth above,
slightly pubescent beneath ; spike ovate-oblong.
HAB. Borders of ponds. Aug. lj. . Stemassurg..
8 in. high ; spike bright rose-col.
a. aquaticum : leaves floating, ovate-lanceolate :
spike cylindrical-oblong.
HAB. Floating in lakes. Aug. U. Stem 3—10
ft. longr branch. ; ft. rose-col.
). P. pennsyhanicum : flowers octandrotts ; style 2-
cleft ; spike oblong, crowded ; peduncles hispid ;
leaves lanceolate, slightly hairy ; stipules smooth
and naked.
HAB. Fields, and along ditches. July — Oct. 0
Stem 2 — 4 ft. high ; feav. pale gr. ; ft. red.
10. P. lapathifolium : flowers hexandrous ; styles 2;
spikes oblong, rather crowded, erect ; peduncles-
scabrous ; leaves ovate -lanceolate, on short pe-
tioles, hoary.
HAB. Wet places. Aug. ©. Stem 2— 4 ft. high,
leav. pale green.
11. P. Persicaria : flowers hexandrous : styles bifid:
spikes ovate-oblong, erect ; peduncles smooth :
leaves lanceolate ; stipules smooth, ciliate.
HAB. Low grounds. July — Aug. 0. Stem 1 — 2
ft. high ; spikes dense, rose-col.
OCTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 173
12. P. orientate : flowers heptandrous, digynous, leaves
ovate ; stem erect ; stipules hairy, hypocrateri-
form.
HAB. Road sides, &c. Aug.— Sept. 0. Stem 3—
5 ft. high, pubes. ; spik. subpend, rad.
*** Flowers in paniculate spikes ; perianth 5-leaved.
PoLYGONELLA.
13. P. articulatum: flowers perfect, octandrous, trigy-
nous, nodding ; spikes paniculate, filiform ; pedi-
cels solitary, articulate near the base ; bracts im-
bricate ; leaves linear ; nut triquetrous.
HAB. Barren sandy woods. Sept. ©. A foot
high, branched ; bracts trunc. ; fl. rose-col.
*.#** Flowers in racemose panicles ; {leaves subcordate
or sagittate.) Fagofyrum.
14. P. Convolvulus : flowers octandrous ; styles 3-cleft »
leaves oblong, hastate-cordate ; stem climbing,
angular, somewhat scabrous ; segments of the pe-
rianth obtusely carinate.
HAB. Sandy fields, &c. July— Sept. ©. Leav.
pctiol. ; raceme interrupt. ; fl. reddish.
15. P. cilinode : flowers octandrous ; styles 3-cleft ;
leaves cordate ; stipules rather acute, ciliate at the
base ; stem angular, climbing or prostrate, pubes-
cent ; segments of the perianth obtusely carinate.
HAB. Hills. Aug. 0. Plant minutely pubes. :
leav. subhast. ; fl. pale rose-col.
16. P. scandens: flowers octandrous, trigynous ; leaves
broadly cordate ; stipules truncate, naked ; stem
climbing, smooth ; segments of the perianth
winged.
11 AB. Hedges, &c. Aug. ©. Stem 4 — 5 ang.:
pur p. ; fl. large, aggreg. wh. or rose-col.
k7. P. sagittalum: flowers octandrous, capitate ; style*
3-cleft ; leaves sagittate, stem retrorsely aculeate.
HAB. Wet thickets. July— Aug. 0. Stemslend..
prost. ; fl. in sm. heads, white.
18. P. arifolium : flowers hexandrous, distinct ; styles
bifid ; spikes few-flowered, leaves hastate ; stem
retrorsely aculeate.
P2
74 ENNEANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
HAB. Wet thickets. July— Sept. ©. Stem
slend., prost.t remotely acul. ; fl. rose-col.
ENNEANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA.
878". LAURUS. Cal. mostly 6-parted, petaloid. Ned.
consisting of 3 bisetose glands surrounding the
germen. Stam. 12 ; 6 of them interior, 3 of
which are sterile and glanduliferous.
MONOGYNIA.
LAURUS. Sassafras, &c. Laurinea*.
\. L. carolinensis : leaves perennial, oval-lanceolate,
coriaceous, glaucous beneath ; peduncle simple,
terminated by a fascicle of few flowers ; exterior
segments half as long as the interior.
HAB. Swamps of Cupressus disticha. — A small tree ;
leav. ent. ; fl. dust., yellow.
* Euosmus.
Flowers polygamous or dioecious. Cal. 6-parted.
JVect. 0. Stam. 9, fertile ; 6 exterior naked ; the 8
interior augmented by 6 infertile ones attached b)r
pairs ; anth. of the sterile stam. glanduloid. Berry
1-seeded. (Leaves deciduous.)
■I. L. Benzoin : flowers in conglomerate umbels, dioe-
cious ; buds and pedicels smooth ; segments oune-
ate-oboval, entire, whitish and subpubescent be-
neath.
HAB. Shady wet places. April. An arom. shrub
4 — lOft. high,fl. yellow ; berry scarl.
3. L. Sassafras; flowers in conglomerate corymbs.
dioecious ; buds, younger branches, and under sur-
. face of the leaves pubescent ; leaves entire, or 2 —
3-lobed ; under surface prominently veined.
HAB. Woods. April. A middle sized tree : fi. gr.
yellow ; her. bine, on red ped.
DECANDRJA.— MONOGYNIA. H5
DECANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA.
* Flowers monopetalous.
279. ARBUTUS. Cal. minute, 5-parted. Cor. ovate,
diaphanous at the base ; border small, 5-cleft:
revolute. Filam. hairy. Berry superior, 5-
celled.
280. GAULTHERIA. Cal. 5-cleft, with 2 bracts at the
base. Cor. ovate ; border small, 5-cleft, revo-'
lute. Filam. hairy. Recept. 10-toothed. Caps.
superior, 5-celled, covered by the calyx, which
becomes a berry.
28*. VACC1NIUM. Cal. superior, 4— 5-toothed. Cor.
urceolate or campanulate, 4 — 5-cleft. Filam.
inserted upon the germen. Berry 4 — 5-cellede
many-seeded.
282. ANDROMEDA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. ovate, or
subcylindrical ; border 5-cleft, reflexed. Anth.
2-horned. Caps. 5-celled, 5-valved ; dissepi-
ments from the middle of the valves.
283. KALMIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. hypocrateriform ;
border on the under side, producing 10 cornute
protuberances, in which the anthers are con-
cealed. Caps. 5-celled, many-seeded ; dissepi-
ments marginal.
*8<J. RHODODENDRON. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. sub -
infundibuliform, 5-cleft. Stam. 5 — 10, decli-
nate ; anth. opening by 2 terminal pores. Caps.
5-celled, 5-valved, opening at the summit.
285. RHODORA. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. 3-petalled :
petals unequal, slightly united at the base •
the upper one thrice broader, and 3-lobed.
Stam. and style declinate. Caps. 5-celled, 5-
valved, opening at the top ; dissepiments formed
of the inflexed margins of the valves.
!86. EPIGjEA. Cal. 5-parted, with 3 bracts at the
base. Cor. hypocrateriform ; border 5-parted,
spreading; tube villous within. Caps. 5-celled
tceptarle 5-parted,
17G DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
287. PTEROSPORA. Cal. 5- parted. Cor. monopeta-
lous, ovate, margin 5-tootherl, reflexed. Anth.
excentrically peltate, 1 -celled, bisetose. Caps.
5-celled, imperfectly 5-valved ; dissepiments
from the middle of the valves ; septa and valves
uniting toward the base, and coalescing with the
receptacular axis Seeds very minute and nu-
merous, each furnished with a terminal wing.
** Flowers polypetalous, regular.
288. MONOTROPA. Cat. 3— 5-parted, or 0. Cor.
5-petalled, cucullate at the base. Anth. 1-celled^
bilabiate. Caps. 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds nu-
merous, invested with a long arillus.
289. PYROLA. CaL small, 5-cleft. Pet. slightly uni-
ted at the base, deciduous. Stam. opening with
2 pores. Caps. 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds in-
vested with a long arillus.
£90. LEDUM. CaL minute, 5-toothed. Cor. 5-petal-
led, spreading. Stam. ex*erted ; antli. opening
by 2 terminal pores. Caps, subovate, 5-celled,
5-valved, opening at the base ; valves with the
margins inflexed and approximate ; recept. 5-
lobed ; colum. 5-angled, pedicellate. Seeds nu-
merous, flat, linear, scabrous, with a membra-
naceous wing at each extremity.
291. LEIOPHYLLUM. Cal. deeply 5-parted, persist-
ent. Cor. 5-petalled. Stam. longer than the
corolla; anth. lateral, opening on the inside
longitudinally. Caps, roundish, 5-celled, 5-
valved, opening at the top ; valves ovate, with
the margins inflexed, remote and straight ; co-
lum. subovate, terete, rugose. Seeds small,
smooth, not winged.
292. CLETHRA. Cal. 5-parted, persistent. Cor. 5-
petalled. Style persistent ; stig. short, 3-cleft.
Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved, covered by the calyx,
*** Flowers polypetalous, irregular.
293. CASSIA. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, subequal. Stam.
unequal; 3 superior anth. sterile; 3 inferior
rostrate, with longer and incurved filaments.
Legume membranaceous, 2-valved.
DECANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 177
i94. BAPTISIA. Cal. half 4— 5-cleft, bilabiate. Car.
papilionaceous ; pet. nearly equal in length ;
vexill. with the sides reflexed. Stam. deciduous.
Legume ventricose, pedicellate, many-seeded.
295. CERC1S. Cat. 5-toothed, gibbous at the base.
Cor. papilionaceous ; wings larger than the vex-
ill. ; keel 2-petalled. Legume compressed, se-
miniferous suture margined.
DIGYN1A.
296. HYDRANGEA. Oil. superior, 5-toothed, Pet,
5. Caps. 2-beaked, opening by a foramen be-
tween the horns.
297. SAXIFRAGA. Cal. 5-parted. Pet. 5. Caps.
superior or inferior, or half inferior, 2-beaked,
2-celled, many-seeded, opening between the
beaks
298. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Cal. superior, 4— 5-cleft,
coloured. Cor. 0. Caps. 2-beaked, many-
seeded.
299. TIARELLA. Cal. 5-parted, persistent. Pet. 5,
inserted into the calyx, unguiculate. Caps. 1-
celled, 2-valved ; valves unequal.
300. MITELLA. Cal. 5-cleft, persistent. Pet. 5, pin-
natifid ; inserted into the calyx. raps. 1 -celled,
2-valved ; valves equal.
301. SAPONAR1A. Cal. 1-leaved, tubular, 5-toothed,
naked at the base. Pet. 5, unguiculate. Caps.
oblong, 1 -celled.
302. DIANTHUS. Cal. 1-leaved, tubular, 5-toothed,
with about 4 imbricate opposite scales at the
base. Pet. unguiculate. Caps, cylindric, 1-
celled.
303. SCLERANTHUS. Cal. 1 -leaved, 5-cleft. Cor.
0. Stam. inserted into the calyx. Caps. 1-seeded,
covered by the calyx-
TRIGYNIA.
304. CUCUBALUS. Cal. 1-leaved, inOated, 5-toothed.
Pet. 5, unguiculate, naked at the orifice. Caps.
3-celled.
178 DECANDRIA— MONOGYNIA.
305. SILENE. Cal. 1 -leaved, tubular or conic, 5-tooth-
ed. Pet. 5, unguiculate, mostly crowned at the
orifice. Caps. 3-celled, 6-toothed, many-seeded.
306. STELLARIA. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, deeply cleft.
Caps. 1 -celled, opening with 6 teeth, many-
seeded.
307. ARENARIA. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, undivided.
Caps. 1 -celled, many-seeded.
PENTAGYNIA.
308. SPERGULA. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, undivided.
Caps, ovate, 5-celled, 5-valved.
309. CERAST1UM. Cat. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, bifid or
emarginate. Caps. 1 -celled, bursting at the sum-
mit with 10 teeth.
310. AGROSTEMMA. Cat. 1 -leaved, tubular, coriace-
ous, 5-cleft. Pet. 5, unguiculate ; limb obtuse,
undivided. Caps. 1 -celled, opening with 5 teeth.
311. OXAL1S. Cal. 5-parted, persistent. Pet. 5, slight-
ly connected at the flaws. Caps, pentangular, 5-
celled, bursting at the angles ; cells 2, or many-
seeded. Seeds covered with an elastic arillus.
312. PENTHORUM. Cal. 5— 10-cleft. Pet. 5 or 0.
Caps. 5-pointed, 5-celled ; cells dividing trans-
versely, many -seeded.
313. SEDUM. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Caps. 5, with a
nectariferous scale at the base of each.
DECAGYNIA.
314. PHYTOLACCA. Cal. 5-cleft, petaloid. Berry
superior, 10-celled, 10-seeded.
MONOGYNIA.
279. ARBUTUS. Bear-berry. Ericece.
A. Uvaursi: stem procumbpnt ; leaves cuneate-ob-
ovate, very entire, cori.iceous ; margin convex ;
flowers fasciculate ; berries 5-seeded.
HAB. Sandy woods and mountains. Apr. — May. \,
Evergreen; jl. rose-col.; her. red.
DECANDRIA— MONOGYNIA. j7S
280. GAULTHERIA. Mountain-tea, &c. Ericeoe.
G. procumbens : stem procumbent, with the flower-
ing branches erect ; leaves obovate, cuneate at
the base, ciliate-denticulate ; flowers few, termi-
nal, nodding.
HAB. Wet or dry woods. July — Aug. ^- Root
creep.; leav. sempervir.Jl. wh.
281. VACCINIUM. Whortle-berry. Vaccinece.
% Leaves deciduous.
t Corolla campanulale.
. V. stamineum: leaves oval, acute, very entire_.
glaucous beneath ; pedicels solitary, axillary,
filiform ; corolla spreading-campanulate ; seg-
ments oblong, acute ; anthers exserted, awned ;
berries somewhat pyriform.
HAB. Dry woods and hills. May — June. Shrub 3 — 4
ft. high ; fl. wh. ; ber. large, wh.
■3. album : leaves subpubescent beneath ; berries
globose.
HAB. Pine "barrens.
. V. dumosum : younger branches, leaves, and ra-
cemes sprinkled with resinous atoms ; leaves ob-
ovate, cuneate at the base, mucronate, very en-
tire, green on both sides ; racemes bracteate ;
pedicels short, axillary, subsolitary ; corolla cam-
panulate, segments rounded ; anthers included.
HAB. Pine barrens and swamps. June. Shrub 12
— 18 in. high ; fl. large, wh. ; ber. large, depress,
black.
. V. frondosum: leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, very
entire, and sprinkled with resinous atoms beneath,
glaucous ; racemes loose, bracteate ; pedicel*
long, filiform ; corolla ovate-campanulate ; an-
thers included.
IIAB. Sandy woods and swamps. July. Shrub 3 — -r»
ft. high, ber. large, blue, pleasant.
1 80 ©ECANDRIA— MONOG YNI A.
| t Corolla urceolate.
ec. Flowers racemose, or fasciculate.
4. V. resinosum : leaves petiolate, oblong-oval, mostly
obtuse, very entire, sprinkled witb resinous atoms
beneath ; racemes lateral, secund, bracteate ; co-
rolla ovate-conic, pentangular.
HAB. Woods and hills. May— June. Shrub 2 ft.
high ; fl. reddish ; her. black shining.
5. V. corymbosum : flonferous branches nearly leaf-
less ; leaves oblong-oval, acute at each extremity,
nearly entire ; the younger ones pubescent; ra-
cemes short, sessile, bracteate ; corolla cylindri-
cal ovate.
HAB. Low grounds. May— June. Shrub 4 — 8 ft.
high ; fl. wh. or purplish; ber. black.
?.;. V. fuscatum : racemes somewhat naked ; leaves
elliptical, acute, very entire, with the nerves be-
neath somewhat villous ; corolla cylindrical-ovate :
calyx acute.
HAB. Pennsylvania. +
7. V. pennsylvanicum : branches angular, green ; ses-
sile, oval-lanceolate, mucronate, serrulate, shining
on both surfaces ; fascicles of flowers crowded,
subterminal, corolla ovate.
HAB. Rocky hills. May— June. Shrub 12—18 in.
high; bark andfl. greenish; ber. dark blue.
;•!. V. tenellum: racemes bracteate, sessile; corolla
ovate-cylin<(rical ; leaves oblong-elliptic,subcunei-
form, serrulate, nearly smooth.
HAB. Mountains. April.
>. V. ligustrinum: branches angular ; leaves subses-
sile, erect, lanceolate, mucronate, serrulate ; fas-
cicles gemmaceous, sessile ; flowers nearly ses-
sile ; corolla oblong, ovate.
HAB. Dry woods. Shrub small, slend. ; leaves £ in.
long ; fl. purp.
6. Flowers solitary.
10. V. uliginosum: leaves obovate, very obtuse, en-
DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 181
tire, smooth above, veined and glaucous beneath ;
flowers subsolitary, octandrous ; corolla short-
ovate, 4-cleft ; anthers awned at the base.
HAB. High Mountains. Shrub procum. and strag. ;
leav. andfl. small; ber. obi.
* * Leaves sempervirent.
11. V. Vitis idcea : stem creeping; branches erect:
leaves obovate, punctate beneath ; nearly entire :
racemes terminal, nodding ; corolla oblong, cam-
panulate.
HAB. High mountains. June. Shrub low, strag. ;
leav. subcoriac. rev.; Jl. mostly 4-cleft, pale red:
ber. red, acid.
282. ANDROMEDA. Ericece.
* Leaves sempervirent.
i. A. hypnoides : leaves imbricate, subulate, smooth .
peduncles solitary, terminal, 1 -flowered, corolla
nodding, globose campanulate.
HAB. High mountains. A small creeping shrub ; Jl.
small, wh. and red.
J. A. polifolia : leaves linear lanceolate, convex ; re-
volute, glaucous beneath ; flowers in short ter-
minal racemes.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. May. Shrub 18 in. high :
Jl. wh, urceol., mouth contr.
'.. A. calyculata: leaves lanceolate-oblong, rather ob-
tuse, obsoletely serrulate, ferruginous beneath ;
racemes terminal, leafy, subsecund ; calyx bi-
bracteate ; corolla oblong-cylindrical.
HAB. Bog-meadows. Apr. — May. Shrub 3— 4ft.
high; leaves squamulose-punct. ; Jl. wh.
* Leaves deciduous.
A. mariana: leaves oval, somewhat acute, very
entire, smooth, subcoriaceous ; paler beneath
flowering branches nearly naked ; pedicels fat
182 DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
culate ; corolla ovate-cylindric ; anthers simple
at the summit.
HAB. Sandy woods. June— Oct. Shrub 2— 4 ft. ;
branch, erect; fl. large, wh. or rose-col.
n. A. racemosa: leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, serru-
late, membranaceous, pubescent beneath ; ra-
cemes terminal, secund, simple, (or rarely branch-
ed ;) corolla oblong-cylindrical ; anthers 4-awned
at the summit.
HAB. Swamps. June— July. Shrub 4— 6 ft. high ;
racem. long ; fl. nod. ; wh. odorous.
6. A. arborea: branches terete ; leaves oblong, acu-
minate, acutely serrate, smooth ; panicles termi-
nal, many-spiked ; corolla ovate-oblong, pubes-
cent ; anthers unawned.
HAB. Mountains. A middle sized tree ; leav. shin.,
acid ; pan. large ; fl. wh.
7. A. ligustrina : pubescent; leaves obovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate, minutely serrulate, floriferous
branches terminal, paniculate, naked ; corolla
subglobose ; anthers unawned.
HAB. Swamps. June— July. Shrub 4 — 8 ft. high :
pan. dense ; fl. small, wh. ; cap. glob.
283. KALMIA. American Laurel. Rhododeudracac.
1. K. latifolia: leaves on long petioles, scattered and
ternate, coriaceous, green on both sides ; corymb?
terminal, viscidly pubescent.
HAB. Rocky hills. June— July. Shrub 4— \b ft.
high ; leav. semperv. ; fl. large, rose-col.
2. K. angustifolia : leaves ternate, petiolate, obtuse.
slightly ferruginous beneath ; corymbs linear ; pe-
duncles and calyx glandular-pubescent.
HAB. Sandy woods and swamps. June — July.
Shrub 2 ft. high ; fl. smaller, deeper rose- col.
3. K. glauca: branches ancipitous ; leaves opposite.
subsessile, oblong, smooth, glaucous beneath, reyo-
lute on the margin, corymbs terminal and axillary,
bracteate ; peduncles and calyx very smooth.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps and mountain bogs. July.
Shrub 18 in. high ; fl. small, rose-col.
DECANDRI A.— MONOGYNI A. 1 83
I. rosmarinifolia : leaves linear, conspicuously revo-
lute. nearly green beneath.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. Shrub low ; ieav. 2 tin.
broad; umbel, term.
284. RHODODENDRON. Mountain-laurel. Rhodo-
dendracece.
* Flowers pentandrous.
1. R. nudiflorum: flowers somewhat naked; leaves
lanceolate-oblong, nearly smooth, and green on
both sides ; the midrib bristly beneath ; margin cili-
ate ; flowers not viscous ; tube longer than the
divisions ; teeth of the calyx short, somewhat
rounded ; stamens much exseried.
HAB. Woods and copses. May. Shrub 2—6 ft.
high; fl. in term, dust., red.
2. R. viscosum: flowers leafy ; branches hispid ; leaves
oblong-obovate, acute, smooth and green on both
sides, ciliate on the margin ; midrib bristly ; flowers
viscous ; tube as long again as the segments ; teeth
of the calyx short, rounded ; stamens scarcely
longer than the corolla.
HAB. Wet woods. June. Shrub 4— £ ft. high ; fl.
wh.y viscous, sweet-seen.
/3. glaucum : leaves glaucous beneath.
K. calendulaceum : flowers : somewhat naked ; leaves
oblong, pubescent on both sides, at length hairy ;
flowers not viscous; teeth of the calyx oblong:
tube ofthe corolla hairy, shorter than the segments.
HAB. Pennsylvania. May. Shrub 2- 6 ft. high;
fl. large, flame-col.
L R. arborescent: flowers leafy; leaves obovate, ra-
ther obtuse, smooth on both sides, glaucous be-
neath, ciliate on the margin ; nerves almost smooth.
flowers not viscous ; tube longer than the seg-
ments ; calyx leafy, with the segments oblong,
acute ; filaments exserted.
HAB, Mountains. Shrub 10— 20 ft. high ; fl. large,
rose-col. ; scales of the fl.-buds ycll-br., with a cil.
white bord.
5. R. nitidum: Bowers leafy; branches somewhat
«mooth ; leaves oblanceolat«', submucronate, co-
184 DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
riaceous, smooth on both side9, shining above
nerve bristly beneath ; margin revolute-ciliate ;
flowers viscous ; tube a little longer than the seg-
ments ; calyx very short ; filaments exserted.
HAB. Mountain swamps. Leav. dark green, small:
fl. reddish while.
6. R. irispidum : flowers leafy ; branches straight.
very hispid ; leaves long-lanceolate, hispid above,
smooth beneath, glaucous on both sides ; nerve
beneath bristly ; margin ciliate ; flowers very vis-
cous ; tube scarcely longer than the segments :
teeth of the calyx oblong, round ; filaments ex-
serted.
HAB, Mountains, near lakes. July — Aug. Shrub
10 — 15 ft. high, bluish, upright; fl. wli., bord.
and tube red.
** Flowers campanulate ; stamens 5 — 10.
7. R. lapponicum : leaves elliptical, roughened with
excavated punctures.
HAB. High mountains. July. A small evergreen
shrub ; fl. in term, dust., large purp., 4 cl.; stam. 8.
8. R. maximum : arborescent ; leaves oblong, acute.
paler beneath ; umbels terminal ; segments of the
calyx oval, obtuse ; corolla campanulate. '
HAB. Cedar swamps and mountain bogs. June —
July. Shrub 10 — 15 ft. high; leav. semperv. ; fl.
large, rose-col.
285. RHODORA. Rhododendracecv.
R. canadensis :
HAB. Mountain bogs. May. Shrub 2ft. high ; leav.
oval; fl. in term, limb., purplish; stam. not exsert.
28G. EPIG^A. Ground-laurel. Ericeai.
E. repens : branches, nerves of the leaves, and pe
tioles, very hairy ; leaves cordate-ovate, very en
tire ; corolla subcylindrical.
HAB. Rocky woods. April. U . A trailing ever
green ; fl. dust., reddish wh.
DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 185
287. PTEROSPORA. Monotropev.
P. andromedea.
HAB. Steril hill-sides. July— Aug. M.1 Steml*—
2 ft. high, simple, scaly, brownish; leaves 0 ;fl. in a
long raceme, nutant, reddish white.
288. MONOTROPA. Bird's-nest Monotropecc.
* Scapes many-flowered. Hypopithys.
1 . M. lanuginosa : scape bearing the flowers in a spike ;
bracts and flowers woolly.
HAB. Beech woods. Aug. U . ? Scape scaly, ag-
greg.f 4 — G in. long ; fl. secund, yellowish, parasitic
on roots.
2. Uypopithys: scape bearing the flowers in a spike ;
scales and flowers smooth externally ; lateral flow-
ers octandrous.
HAB. Beech woods. July. 2{. ? Plant dingy yel-
low. Parasitic. +.
** Scape \-flowered.
■ >. M. uniflora: scape straight, elongated, 1 -flowered;
flowers decandrous, erect or cernuous.
HAB. Woods. June. Root roundish ; plant white ;
scape 5 — 8 in. high ; fl. large.
JGP. PYROLA. Winter-green. Monotropecc.
* Flowers racemed, pointing in various directions.
1 . P. rotiindifolia : leaves rounded or dilated oval, ob-
soletely serrulate, subcoriaceous and shining ; pe-
tiole about as long as the lamina ; scape many-flow-
ered ; style declinate.
HAB. Dry woods. July — Aug. U^ Leav. rad.
semjicrv. : fl. large, reddish white.
.*. P. elliptica: leaves membranaceous, elliptical-ovate ;
errulate, rather acute ; lamina longer than the pe-
tiole ; scape nearly naked ; bracts subulate ; calyx
o-toothed ; style declinate.
MAB. Dry woods. July — Aug. V-. Scape 10 in.
U^ract. : fl. sw. -scent., gr. wh.
C*2
186 DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.
3. P. asarifolia : leaves subreniform, generally emar
ginate, coriaceous ; lamina shorter than the petiole .
scape mostly convolute, many-flowered ; calyx ap
pressed ; stamens slightly ascending ; style decli-
nate, clavate.
HAB. Sandy woods. July. U. Leav. small, dark
gr. ; scape 8- — 10 m. high; bract solit. ; Jl. greenish,
i no dor.
4. P. minor: leaves roundish-oval, serrulate; scape
naked ; style short, straight, as long as the erect
stamens.
HAB. New-York, &c. June. If. Fl. small, red-
dish wh. ; stig. pelt.
** Flowers racemed, secund.
5. P. secunda : leaves roundish-ovate, acute, ser-
rate ; racemes secund ; styles straight.
HAB. Sandy woods. June — July. V-. Plant a
span high; stem assurg. ; Jl. gr. wh.
*** Flower solitary, terminal.
6. P. unifiora : leaves orbicular, serrate ; scape 1
flowered ; style straight.
HAB. Dry woods and sphagnous swamps. July. % ,
Fl. large, red, wh.
*#** Flowers somewhat umbellate ; styles very short.
Chimaphila.
7. P. umbellata : leaves cuneate-lanceolate, acute at
the base, serrate, uniformly green, scape corymbed.
HAB. Dry woods. July. U . Stem ascend. ; leav.
coriac, semperv. ; Jl. purpl. white.
3. P. macula ta : leaves lanceolate, rounded at the base,
remotely serrate, discoloured ; scape 2 — 3-flow-
ered.
HAB. Dry woods. July — Aug. If.. Evergreen. :.
leav. varieg. ; jl. purp. wh., nod.
290. LEDUM. Labrador tea. Rhododendraceoe.
I. L. latifoliitm; leaves oblong, replicate on the mar-
DECANDRIA.— MGNOGYNIA. 187
gin, ferruginous-tomentose beneath ; stamens 5, a.>
long as the corolla.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. June. H • A small
evergreen shrub ; fl. corymb., wh.
2. L. palustre : leaves linear, revolute on the margin ;
ferruginous-tomentose beneath; stamens 10, longer
than the corolla.
HAB. Borders of mountain lakes.
291. LEIOPHYLLUM. Rhododendracece.
L. buxifolium.
HAB. Pine barrens and high mountains. May. A
small evergreen shrub, erect; leav. oval, half in.
long : fl. num. in term, umb., wh.
292. CLETHRA. Ericece.
C. alnifolia: leaves cuneate-obovate, acute, coarsely
serrate, smooth and green on both sides ; racemes
spiked, simple, bracteate, hoary-tomentose.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. Shrub 4 — ti ft. high; leav.
ah. ; fl. wh., sweet-scent.
293. CASSIA. Wild-pea. Leguminosa .
1. C. marilandica : nearly smooth ; leaves in G pairs.
lanceolate-oblong, mucronate ; gland on the petiole
obovate ; racemes axillary, many-flowered ; legume
linear, arcuate.
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. If.. Stem 2 — 4 ft.
high; fl. yellow, in large oxill. racem.
2. C. Chamazcrista : smoothish ; leaves in many pairs.
linear, with the gland on the petiole subpedicellate ;
buds 2 — 3-flowered ; 2 of the petals spotted ; le-
gume pubescent.
HAB. Sandy fields. June— May. 0. Afoot high,
leav. somewhat sensitive ; fl. yellow, in bract, fas
: base of 3 pet. spotted.
'>. C. nictitans : stem spreading, pubescent; leaves in
many pairs, linear ; gland on the petiole pedicel-
late ; peduncles fasciculate, few-flowered : flower*
pentandrous ; stamens equal.
188 DECANDRIA— DIGYNIA.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. ©. Afoot high, slend. .
fl. very small, axill.
4. C. fasciculata : nearly smooth ; leaves at the sum-
mit in 9 pairs ; gland sessile near the middle of the
petiole ; fascicles lateral, many-flowered ; petals
and stamens of the same colour ; legume smooth.
HAB. Dry fields. June — Aug. ©. Fl. smaller
than No. 2 ; leg. curved.
294. BAPTISIA. Wild Indigo. Leguminoscc.
B. iinctoria: very smooth, much branched ; leaves
ternate, subsessile ; leaflets rounded-obovate ;
racemes terminal, (flowers yellow ;) legume on a
long stipe.
HAB. Sandy woods. July.— Sept. U . Stem 2—
3 ft. high, much branch. Dries black.
295. CERCIS. Judas' tree. Leguminosce.
C. canadensis: leaves roundish-cordate, acuminate,
villous at the axils of the nerves ; legumes on
short footstalks.
HAB. Woods. April. A small tree ; leav. alt., large :
/?. red, in small lat.fascic, prcecoc. ; leg. compress.
DIGYNIA.
296. HYDRANGEA. Saxifragece.
1. H. vulgaris: leaves oblong-ovate, smooth beneath.
obtuse at the base, acuminate, dentate ; cymes
naked.
HAB. Shady rocks. July. Shrub 3—6 ft. high :
leav. oppos. ; fl. wh.
2, H. radiata: leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate, to-
mentose and white beneath ; cvmes radiate.
HAB. Pennsylvania. July. Shrub 6 ft. high : ext.
fl. of the cymes large, vsh. neut.
297. SAXIFRAGA. Saxifrage. Saxifragece.
K S. virginica: pubescent; leaves oval, obtuse, cre-
nate, narrowed at the base into a petiole ; stem
nearly leafless, corymbose-paniculate ; flowers sub-
DECANDRI A.— DIGYNI A. 1 89
sessile; petals oval, with branched nerves; cap-
sule half inferior.
HAB. Rocks and hills. April— May. U . Stem
succul., 3 — 12 in. high ; leav. thick ; fl. wh.
I. S. pennsylvanica : pubescent, leaves oblong-lance-
olate, acute at each extremity, obsoletely denticu-
late ; stem naked ; panicle oblong ; flowers fascicu-
late ; petals linear, longer than the calyx ; capsule-
superior.
HAB. Swamps. May — June. U. Leav. rad.y5 —
8 in. long; scape 1£ — 2 ft. high; pet. yell, green.
►98; CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Golden Saxifrage. Saxi-
fragece.
C. oppositifolium : leaves opposite, roundish-cordate.
HAB. Wet places. April— May. U- PL succul.,
yell. gr.y dichot. ; fl. sess., 8-an.
299. TIARELLA. Saxifragece.
T. cordifolia: leaves cordate, acutely lobed, den-
tate ; teeth mucronato ; scape racemed.
HAB. Rocky hills. May. lj. . Leav. rad., pubes. ;
fl. in a simp, racem., wh.
300. MITELLA. False Sanicle. Saxifragece.
. M. diphylla : leaves somewhat lobed, with the lobes
acute and dentate ; stern erect, with two opposite
leaves above the middle.
HAB. Banks of creeks. May. U. Jl foot high,
simp, slend. ; racem. simp. ; fl. wh.
'. M. cordifolia: leaves orbicular-reuifnrm, doubly -
cren ate, with scattered hairs above ; scape erect
or prostrate, naked, or with a single leaf.
HAB. Moist rocks. June. If.. Stem, slend. with
creeping stolons ; fl. few, wh.
501. SAPONARIA. Soap-wort. CaryophylUn .
3. officinalis: leaves ovate-lanceolate; calyx cylin-
dric, smooth.
HAB. Watte places, <^c. June — Sept. U. Stem
. high, scab.; fl. large, rose-col.
1 90 DECANDRIA— TRIGYNIA.
302. DIANTHUS. Pink. Caryophyllece.
D. Armeria: flowers aggregate 5 fasciculate; scales
of the calyx lanceolate, villous as long as the tube.
HAB. Sandy soils. July. 0. Afoothigh,pubcs.:
leav. lin. Ian. ; fl. red, punct. § ?
302. SCLERANTHUS. Knawel. CaryophyUea.
S. annuus: calyx of the fruit spreading, acute ; stem
spreading.
HAB. Sandy fields. July. ©. Stem num.; pro-
cumb ; fl. in axill.fasc, inconspic. §.
TRIGYNIA,
304. CUCUBALUS. Campion. Caryophollecc.
1 . C. Behen : smooth and glaucous, decumbent ; leaves
oblong-oval, acute, nerveless ;- calyx membrana-
ceous, with reticulated veins.
HAB. Rocky hills. July. y. . Stem 18 in. high,
panic. ; fl. large, nod. ; pet. wh.
2. C. niveus : stem divaricate and dichotomous above ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, minutely and pulveru-
lently pubescent ; the uppermost ovate ; calyx ob-
tuse, campanulate, inflated, subpilose ; petals small,
reflexed, bifid at the extremity ; claws exserted
beyond the calyx, nearly naked ; flowers solitary,
dichotomal, terminal.
HAB. On an island in the Susquehanna. Fl. re-
mote, solit. ; pet. wh.
3. C. stellatus : erect, pubescent; leaves verticillate,
in fours, oval-lanceolate, long-acuminate.
HAB. Woods. July— Aug. H. Stem 2— 3 ft. high ;
pan. term. ; fl. wh. ; cal. not reticul.
305. SILENE. Catch-fly. CaryophyUea?.
1. S. pennsyhanica : viscidly-pubescent ; radical leave?
cuneate ; stem leaves lanceolate ; panicles trichoto-
mous ; petals slightly emarginate, very obtuse, sub-
crenate.
HAB. Rocks and sandy woods. Mav — June. U .
DECANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 191
Stems num., 8 — 12 in. high; ji. in term, trichot.
panic, purp.
2. S. virginica: erect or decumbent, viscidly pubes-
cent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, scabrous on the
margin ; panicle dichotomous ; petals bind ; sta-
mens exserted.
HAB. Pennsylvania. June. H. A foot high,
mostly simp. ; jl. few, crimson.
3. S. antirrhina : leaves lanceolate, minutely ciliate ;
panicles trichotomous ; calyx ovate ; petals small,
bifid, stamens included.
HAB. Hills and rocky banks. June. 0. Stem
1 — 2 ft. high, slender ; ji. small ; pet. wh.
1. S. nocturna : flowers spiked, alternate, sessile, se-
cund ; petals bifid.
HAB. Pennsylvania. 0. Fl. scss., obov. : pet. wli..
bifid, rather large.
306. STELLARIA. Stitchwort. Caryophyllex.
1 . S. pubera : pubescent ; stem decumbent ; leaves
ovate-oblong, sessile, acute, subciliate, somewhat
undulate, pedicels dichotomal, recurved ; petals
longer than the catyx.
HAB. Shady rocks. May— June. H. Stein 6—
10 in. long ; ji. large, rvh.
.\ S. media: stem procumbent, with an alternate, pu-
bescent, lateral line ; leaves ovate, smooth ; petals
2-parted ; stamens 5 — 10.
HAB. Cultivated grounds, k.c. 0. Stem weak;
leav. pctiol. ; pedun. \-fl.
J. limgifolia : very smooth ; stem erect, quadran-
gular, weak ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; panicle ter-
minal ; peduncles divaricate, very long, bracteate ;
petals broad-obovate, 2-parted, longer than the
acute 3-nerved calyx ; styles 3 — \.
HAB. Wet places. June. U. Stem 1 //. high,
dichot., leav. Ij — 2 in, long ; pan. loose.
I. P. lanceolata : very smooth, procumbent or ascend-
ing; leaves lanceolate, acute at each end ; petals
about as long as the calyx ; stigmas mostly 4, or
wanting.
HAB. Mountain bogs. June. U. Stcmdi(r.,6-
192 DECANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.
8 in. long, fl. axill. and term., sometimes apet. :
stam. 8 — 10.
307. ARENARIA. Sandwort. Caryophyllece.
* Leaves without stipules at the base.
1. A. peploides : stem dichotomous; leaves ovate,
acute, fleshy ; calyx obtuse.
HAH. Sea-coast. July. U . Stem decumb.; 8—12
in. long, thick ; fl. subsol. axill.
1. A. lateriflora: stem filiform, simple or branched,
pubescent ; leaves ovate, subtriply nerved ; pedun-
cle lateral, solitarjr, elongated, bifid ; one of the
pedicels with 2 opposite bracts near the middle ;
corolla longer than the calyx.
HAB. Bog meadows. June. U . Stem 5 — 8 in.
high ; leav. sess., pale gr., punct.
i. A. serpyllifolia : stem dichotomous, diffuse ; leaves
ovate, acute, subciliate ; calyx hairy ; exterior
leaflets 5-ribbed.
HAB. Sandy fields. May— July. © . Stem 3— B
in. high ; leav. minute, approx.
1. A. squarrosa : cespitose ; inferior leaves squarrose-
imbricate, canaliculate pungent ; stem simple, few-
leaved ; flowers few, terminal, erect ; petals much
longer than the roundish calyx.
HAB. Pine barrens. May — Aug. U. Stem num..
G in. long ; leav. crowd. ; fl. large.
>. A. glabra : very smooth ; stems numerous, erect,
filiform ; leaves subulate-linear, flat, spreading ;
pedicels 1 -flowered, elongated, divaricate ; leaflets
of the calyx oval, obtuse, smooth, shorter than the
petals.
HAB. Mountains. June. II. Stem 4 — 6 in. high;
leav. remote; ped. trichot.
;. A. stricta: smooth; stems numerous, filiform, sim-
ple ; leaves subulate-linear, subfasciculate, spread-
ing ; leaflets of the calyx ovate, acute, conspicu-
ously 3-nerved, half as long as the petals.
HAB. Mountains. May— June. U. Stems 6— 12
in, high; leav. rather rigid.
DEC ANDRIA.— PENTAGYNIA.
* Leaves with stipules at the base.
7. A. rubra : stems prostrate ; leaves narrow-Uneai
acute, flat, somewhat fleshy, mucronate ; stipule-
sheathing, ovate, cleft ; capsule as long as the ca-
lyx ; seeds compressed, angular, roundish.
HAB. Sandy fields. 0. Smooth, spreading; cal
viscid-jmbes. ; fl. red; stam 5 — 10.
3. marina : leaves cylindrical, fleshy, unarmed.
HAB. Salt marshes. May— Nov. 0 $. Stem
smooth ; fi. dark rose-col. ; seed compr.
PENTAGYNIA.
308. SPERGULA. Spurrey. Caryophyllem.
1, S. arvensis: leaves verticillate : panicle dichoto
mous ; peduncles of the fruit reflexed.
HAB. Sandy fields. June— Aug. 0. Stem 6—10
in. high; leav.Jilif., 8 — 10 zuhorled. §.
2. S. saginoides : glabrous ; leaves opposite, subulate
awnless ; peduncles solitary, very long, smooth.
1IAB. Sandy fields. July. 0. Stem spread., 2—
3 in. long; ped. axill. and term.
*09. CERAST1UM. Mouse-ear Chickweed. Caryo
'phyllcce.
* Petals not exceeding the calyx in length.
• . C. vulgatum: hairy and viscid, cespitose, suberect ,
leaves ovate ; flowers capitate, longer than their
pedicels.
HAB. Fields and dry hills. May— Sept. 0. Plan,
pale green, viscid -when young. §.
I. C. viscosum : hairy and viscid, spreading; leavo
oblong-lanceolate ; flowers somewhat panicled.
shorter than their pedicels.
HAB. Fields and road sides. May — Sept. U
Darker green, spreading, rarely vise.
C. semidecandrum : hairy and viscid, suberect,
'eaves oblong-ovate ; flowers somewhat panicle^
R
194 DECANDRIA.— PENTAGYNIA.
shorter than their panicles ; stamens 5 ; petal?
slightly notched.
HAB. Dry hills. ©. Stems num., assurg. ; pet. often
shorter than cal.
!. C. hirsutum: very hairy, diffuse; leaves obtuse5
connate ; flowers clustered ; petals 2-cleft, a little
longer than the acute calyx.
HAB. New-Yprk, &c. 0. Leav. sub ovate, half 'in.
long ; fi. in dense dust.
* Petals longer than the calyx.
o. C. nutans: viscid and elongated; stems erect,
straight, deeply striate ; leaves elongated, distant,
' linear-oblong, acute ; petals oblong, bifid at the
tip, longer than the calyx ; peduncles at length
much longer than the flowers.
HAB. Rocky hills. June. 0., Pale green, 8— 12
in. high, very vise. ; pan. loose, term.
0. C. oblongifolium: cespitose, pubescent ; stem erect5
terete, even ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, rathei
acute, shorter than the joints; flowers terminal,
shorter than the pedicels ; petals obovate, bifid at
the tip ; twice the length of the calyx.
HAB. Mountains. June. %. Stem 8 in. high, re-
irors. pubes. ; ped. bract. ,fi. large.
7. C. tenuifolium: pubescent, cespitose; leaves nar-
row-linear, longer than the internodes ; stems
short, 3-flowered at the summit ; petals obovate.
emarginate, 3 times as long as the calyx.
HAB. Mountains. June. U . A span high ; leav.
long, I line broad : pedunc. elong.
310. AGROSTEMMA. Corn-cockle. Caryophyllca .
A. Githago : hairy ; calyx much longer than the
corolla ; petals entire, without a crown.
HAB. Corn-fields. June— July. ©. Plant pale
green, % ft. high ; fl. large, purp.
311. OXAL1S. Wood-sorrel. Oxalidcce.
* Skinless.
1, 0. Acctosdla : stemless ; scape 1-flowered, longer
DECANDRIA.— PENTAGYNIA. 195
than the leaves ; leaves termite, dilated-obcor-
date, pilose ; styles as long as the interior sta-
mens ; root dentate.
HAB. Mountains. June. U . Leav. often purple
beneath ; fl. large, wh. veined.
2. O. violacea : stemless ; scape umbelliferous ; flowers
nodding ; leaves ternate, obcordate, smooth ; seg-
ments of the calyx callous at the tip ; styles shorter
than the exterior stamens ; root squamose.
HAB. Rocky woods. April — June. U . Rout thick,
with ciliale scales ; fl. violet.
** Caulescent.
3. O. corniculata : pubescent ; stem prostrate ; leaves
termite, obcordate ; umbels as long as the petioles ;
petals obovate ; slightly emarginate ; styles as long
as the interior stamens.
HAB. Cultivated grounds, &c. May — Sept. ©.
Stem 6 — 8 in. long ; fl. sin., yell.
4. 0. stricta: hairy; stem erect, branched; leaves
ternate, obcordate ; umbels longer than the peti-
oles ; petals obovate, entire ; styles as long as the
interior stamens.
HAB. Sandy fields. May— Aug. U.? Stem 4—
10 in. high, never creeping ; fl. sm., yell.
)\2. PENTHORUM. Virginia Stone-crop. Semper-
vivcc.
P. sedoides : stem branched, angular above ; leaves
lanceolate, subsessile, unequally serrate ; spikes
simple, secund, recurved, paniculate ; seeds ellip-
tical.
HAB. Wet places. July— Aug. y. . Stem 12—18
in. high ; leav. alt. ; pet. mostly 0.
313. SEDUM. Stone-crop. Sempervh
\. S te malum : creeping; leaves flat, rounded-spathu-
late, ternate ; cymes mostly 3-spiked ; terminal
flowen decandrous ; the rest octandrous.
B. On rocks. May. H • Stem 4— 6 IN
''ire : fl. wh. ; anth. dark.
196 ICOSANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA.
2. telephioides : leaves broad, flat, ovate, acute a?
each end ; corymbs many-flowered.
HAB. Rocky hills. U . Afoot high, leafy, pur
plish ; fl. pale purp.
DECAGYNIA.
314. PHYTOLACCA. Poke. Atriplices.
P. decandra : leaves ovate, acute at each end; flow-
ers with 10 stamens and 10 styles.
HAB. Waste places. June— Oct. U . Smooth
4— Qft. high, purp. ; fl. racem. wh. ; her. purp,
ICOSANDRIA,
MONOGYNIA,
• lb. CACTUS. Cal. superior, many-cleft; segments
imbricate. Pet. numerous, inserted in several
series ; the interior ones larger. Stig. many-
cleft. Berry 1-celled, many-seeded.
•H6. PRUNUS. Cal. inferior, campanulate, 5-cleft,
deciduous. Pet. 5. Drupe even. jVirt with a
prominent suture.
Ml. LYTHRUM. Cal. tubular-campanulate, 6—12-
toothed. Pet. 6, equal, inserted upon the calyx,
Caps. 2 — 4-celled, many-seeded.
$18. CUPHEA. Cal. ventricose, tubular, 6—1 2-tooth-
ed, unequal. Pet. 6, unequal, inserted into the
calyx. Caps, with the calyx bursting longitudi-
nally, 1-celled.
DI-PENTAGYNIA.
319. AGR1MONIA. Cal. inferior, 5-cleft, with a lobeti
calicle at its base. Pet. 5. St am. 12. Achen.
2, in the bottom of the calyx.
.",20. CRATAEGUS. Cal. superior, 5-cleft. Pet. 5.
Styles 1 — 5. Fruit pulpy, closed, with from 2 —
5 1 -seeded nuts.
SORBUS. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Styles 2 or 3-
Berry inferior, farinaceous, with 3 cartilaginous
seeds,
ICOSANDRIA.— POLYGYRIA. 197
, SESUVIUM. Cal. 5-parted, coloured. Pet. 0.
Cups, superior, ovate, 3-celled, opening trans-
versely all round, many-seeded.
323. ARONIA. Cal. 5-toothed. Pet. 5. Berry infe-
rior, 5 — 10-celled; cells I — 2-seeded. Seeds
cartilaginous.
324. PYRUS. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Apple inferior,
large and fleshy, 5-celled, many-seeded. Seeds
cartilaginous.
SPIRAEA. Cal. inferior, 5 cleft, expanding. Pet.
5, equal, roundish. Starn. numerous, exserted.
Caps, numerous, (3 — 12.) 1 -celled, 2-vaived.
each 1 — 3 seeded.
.?26. G1LLENIA. Cal. tubular-campanulate ; border
5-toothed. Cor. partly unequal. Pet. 5, lanceo-
late, attenuate at. the base. Stain, few, included.
Styles 5. Caps, 5. connate at the base, opening
on the inner side, each 2-seeded.
POLYGYNIA.
327. ROSA. Cal. urceolale, fleshy, contracted at the
orifice ; border 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Seeds nume-
rous, hispid, attached to the interior side of thr
calyx.
328. RUBUS. Cal. 5-cleft, inferior. Pet. 5. Fruit
composed of many 1 -seeded j'licy acines, on a
dry receptacle.
DALIBARDA. Cal. inferior, 8-cleft, spreading.
Styles 5 — 3, long and deciduous. Seeds dry.
130. DRY AS. Cal. 8—1 0-cleft, segments equal. Seeds
5 — 8, with Ions; plumose awns.
I. GEUM. Cal. 1 0-cleft, inferior ; the alternate
ments smaller. Pet. 5. Seeds nwned, with the
awn naked or bearded, mostly geniculate.
POTENTILLA. Cal. flat, 10-cleft, (rarely 3 or
12-cleft;) segments alternately smaller. Pet. 5.
!y 4.) Seed* or acines subovate ; mostly
rugose, immerged in a common receptacle, which
is juiceless or Bpongy, more or less hemi-
Bpherical.
I RAGRAR1A. Cat. 10-cleft. Pet, 5. &cin*%
R 2
ICOSANDRIA— MONOGYNIA.
naked, fixed on a large, pulpy, deciduous recep-
tacle.
534. CALYCANTHUS. Cal. urceolate, many-cleft
above ; segments squarrose, coloured, petaloid.
Cor. 0. Styles numerous. Seech numerous, naked,
smooth, included in a ventricose, succulent calyx,
ICOSANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA.
315. CACTUS. Indian Fig, &c. Cacti.
C. Opuntia: articulately proliferous; articulation^
compressed, ovate ; spines setaceous ; fruit suc-
culent, smooth.
HAB. Rocks and Sandy fields. June — July. U
Procumb., leafl., fleshy ; fl. yell.
316. PRUNUS. Plum and Cherry. Rosacea.'.
* Floivers racemose.
i. P. virginiana: racemes erect, elongated ; leaves de-
ciduous, oval-oblong, acuminate, shining above,
serrate, smooth on both sides ; petioles with 2 — 4
glands.
HAB. Woods. May. A large tree ; racem. simp. ;
fl. Teh. ; drupe black.
2. P. serotina : racemes loose, at length pendulous ;
leaves deciduous, ovate, with a short acuminatum,
doubly and very acutely serrate ; midrib bearded
on each side towards the base ; petiole with 2
glands.
HAB. Woods. May. A small tree ; leav. thin
drupe red.
3. P. canadensis: flowers in racemes; leaves decidu-
ous, without glands, broad-lanceolate, rugose, pu-
bescent on both sides.
HAB. Pennsylvania. Branch smooth ; leav. without
glands ; base atten. +.
* Peduncles subumbellate or solitary.
4. P. pennsylvanica : flowers subcorymbed : pedicel?
ICOSANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 19S
elongated ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, erosely
denticulate, smooth ; petioles with 2 glands ;
branches punctate ; fruit subovate.
HAB. Mountains. June. A small tree ; leav. memb. ;
corymb. 6 — &-JI. ; drupe red.
>. P. nigra: umbels sessile, solitary, few-flowered;
leaves deciduous, ovate, acuminate, unequally and
acutely serrate ; smooth on both sides ; petioles
with 2 glands.
HAB. Mountains. June. Shrub 6 — 8 ft. high;
branch, red; ped., smooth, short.
&4 P. pygnum : umbels sessile, few-flowered ; leaves
ovate, acute, smooth on each side, acutely serrate,
with 2 glands at the base.
HAB. New-England, &c. Shrub 3—4 ft. high;
fruit small, black, indifferent.
7. P. pubescens : leaves sessile, aggregated, few-flow-
ered ; peduncles and calyx pubescent ; leaves short-
oval, serrulate ; drupe spherical.
HAB. Sandy shores and hill sides. May. Shrub 2—
3 ft. high ; fruit br. purp.,glauc.
3. P. pumila : umbels aggregated, sessile, few-flow-
ered ; calyx acute ; branches virgate, terete ;
leaves narrow-lanceolate, serrate above, pale be-
neath.
HAB. Banks of rivers. May. Shrub 2—3 ft. high :
leav. long ; fruit red, acid.
». P. depressa : umbels sessile, aggregated, few-flow-
ered ; calyx obtuse ; branches angular, depressed-
prostrate ; leaves cuneate-lanceolate, remotely ser
rate, smooth, glaucous beneath.
HAB. Sandy shores. A shrub, low, spreading ; fr.
small, black, agreeable.
10. P. maritima : peduncles subsolitary ; leaves ovate
oblong, acuminate, doubly serrate.
HAB. Sea-coast. Fruit large, dark pnrp,
P. mollis: younger branches, leaves and peduncles
pubescent; umbels sessile, 2 — 3-llowered ; leaves
ovate, long-acuminate, doubly dentate-serrate :
Bttpolei setaceous, denticulate ; calyx nearly
smooth ; segments linear-lanceolate, serrate.
HAB. Woods. A small tree; leav. 2—3 in.
fr. oval, large, nearly black.
<200 ICOSANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA,
317. LYTHRUM. Loose-strife. Salicaria.
% Calyx subcampanulate, 10-loothed ; capsuled — 4-
celled. Decodon.
I. L. verticillatum : pubescent; leaves opposite and
ternate, lanceolate, petiolate ; flowers axillary, ver-
ticillate, decandrous ; petals undulate ; fruit sub-
globose.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U. Stem 2 ft. high, 6-
ang. ; fl. in axill. corymbs, purp.
** Calyx tubular, capsule 2-celled.
%. L. Salicaria. /3. pubescens : pubescent ; leaves op-
posite and ternate, sessile, lanceolate, cordate at
the base ; flowers with 12 stamens, terminal, ver-
ticillate-spiked ; capsule oblong.
HAB. Wet meadows. V-. About 2 ft. high;fl.
purp., very showy, -f-,
3. L. hyssopifoliv.m: leaves alternate and opposite, li-
near-lanceolate and subelliptic ; flowers axillary.,
hexandrous.
IJAB. New- York. V-. Stem mostly simp., quad-
rang., submargined ; fl. pale purp.
318. CUPHEA. Salicarm.
O. viscosissima : viscous ; leaves opposite, petiolate.
ovate-oblong; flowers lateral, solitary, on short pe-
duncles ; stamens 12.
MAB. Fields and mountains. Sept. 0. Stem 12—
1 8 in. high, pubes. ; fl. purp.
DI-PENTAGYNIA.
319. AGRIMONIA. Agrimony. Rosacea1..
\. Evpatoria: hairy; cauline leaves interruptedly
pinnate : leaflets ovate, with the terminal one pe-
tiolate, acutely dentate, smoothish ; spike virgate ;
petals twice as long as the calyx : fruit turbinate.
hispid, smooth at the base.
ICOSANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA. 201
HAB. Woods and hedges. June — Aug. U . Stem
2 ft. high, simp. ; fl. small, yellow.
/3. hirsute : whole plant very hairy.
A. parviflora: hairy; leaves interruptedly pinnate,
with the terminal one sessile ; leaflets numerous,
mostly linear-lanceolate, incisely serrate ; spike
virgate ; flowers on very short pedicels ; petals
one and a half the length of the calyx ; fruit round
ish, divaricately hispid.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U . Fl. small, yellow.
320. CRATAEGUS. Hawthorn. Rosacea.
C. coccinea: thorny ; leaves on long petioles, ovate,
subcordate, acutely lobed and serrate, petioles
and the pubescent calyx glandular ; flowers pen-
tagynous.
HAB. Woods. May. A large shrub; spines long;
fl. corymb., wh. ; fr. red, edible.
C. cordata : thorny ; leaves cordate- ovate, pinnati-
fid, lobed and angled, smooth ; petioles and calyx
without glands ; flowers pentagynous.
HAB. Hedge rows and river hanks. A large shrub ;
corymbs, comp. ; fr. red, glob.
C. pyrifolia : thorny or unarmed ; leaves ovate-
elliptic, incisely serrate, somewhat plicate and
hairy ; calyx villous ; segments linear-lanceolate,
serrate, flowers trigynous.
HAB. Rocky woods, kc. June. Tj. Leav. large,
sublob. ; pedunc. and cal. toment
C. elliptica : thorny ; leaves elliptical, unequally
serrale, smooth ; petioles and calyx glandular ;
fruit globose, 6-seeded.
HAB. Copses and dry swamps.
. C. glanduloium : thorny; leaves obovate-cunei-
form, smooth and shining; petioles, stipules and
calyx glandular ; fruit oval, 6-seeded.
HAB. Mountains. May. T2 . Fruit jniddle-sizcd
scarlet.
. C. parvifuliu : thorny ; leaves ol .ovate, subses«ile.
deeply and obtusely serrate, lubtomentose ; leaflet-
of the calyx laciniate ; flowers subsolitary, peot*-
•us.
202 ICOSANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA.
HAB. Sandy woods. June. Shrub 4 ft. high;
branch, foment. ; fr. large, yellow.
7. C. punctata: thorny or unarmed ; leaves obovate-
cuneate, subplicate, smooth, incisely serrate, de-
current at the base into a petiole ; calyx villous ;
segments subulate, very entire ; berries subglo-
bose, with the summit depressed.
HAB. Woods and swamps. May. A small tree;
veins of the leav. hairy ; fr. yellow or red.
3. C. Cms galli : thorny ; leaves obovate-cuneiform.
subsessile, shining, coriaceous ; corymbs com-
pound ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, serrate :
flowers digynous.
HAB. Woods, &,c. June. A small tree, with long
spines ; style often solit. ; fr. red.
321. SORBUS. Service-tree. Rosacece.
1. S. americana : leaves pinnate ; leaves somewhat
equally serrate, and with the common petiole very
smooth.
HAB Mountains. May. A large shrub; leafl. 7
pairs ; corymbs term. ; fr.fulv.
2. S. microcarpa : leaves pinnate ; leaflets acuminate,
acutely and incisely serrate, and with the common
petiole smooth ; serratures setaceously mucronate.
HAB. High mountains. A large shrub ; young branch,
glossy : fr. sm. scarlet.
322. SESUVIUM. Ficoidece.
S. sessile : flowers sessile ; leaves linear-oblong, flat.
HAB. Sea-coast. Succul. ; leav. oppos. ; fl. axill...
solit., rosaceous.
323. ARONIA. Rosacece.
J. A. arbutifolia : unarmed; leaves ovate-oblong,
acute, crenulately serrulate, tomentose beneath ;
flowers in corymbs ; calyx tomentose.
HAB. Low thickets. May. Shrub 2—4 ft. high :
fruit scarlet, sweetish and astring.
<3. melanocarpa : leaves beneath, and the calyx
smooth :. fruit black.
ICOSANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA. 203
HAB. Mountains ; rarely in bogs. Leav. narrower;
fruit black.
2, A. Botryapium : unarmed; leaves cordate, oval,
conspicuously acuminate, glabrous when mature ;
flowers in racemes ; petals linear-lanceolate.
HAB. Low woods. May. A small tree; young
leav. silky ; Jr. purp., eatable.
3. A. ovalis : unarmed; leaves roundish-elliptical)
acute, smooth ; flowers in racemes ; petals obo-
vate ; germens and segments of the calyx pu-
bescent.
HAB. Swamps. A small shrub ; her. black and eat-
able.
324. PYRUS. Apple and Pear. Rosacea:.
lv. P. coronaria: leaves broadly-oval, round at the
base, somewhat angular, serrate, smooth ; pedun-
cles racemose.
HAB. Woods. May. A small tree ; fl. large, frag. :
fr. yell., depress., acid.
I. P. angustifolia : leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute at
the base, slightly crenate-dentate, shining ; pedun-
cles corymbose.
IIAB. Pennsylvania. May. A small tree; leav.
andfr. smaller than No. 1.
325. SPIRES A. Meadow-sweet. Rosacea;.
* Frutescent.
I. S. salicifolia : leaves lanceolate, acutely serrate,
smooth ; racemes terminal, compound, panicled .
flowers pentagynous.
HAB. Wet meadows. July. Stem 2—4 ft. high ;
leav. obluse or acute ; fl. uh.
i. S. tomentosa: leaves ovate-lanceolate, unequall}
serrate, toraentose beneath ; raceme* terminal,
compound, crowded ; flowers pentagynous.
HAD. Low grounds. July — Aug. Suffrut. 2 — 3 ft.
high ; racem. elong. ; fl. purp.
, S. hypcricifolia : leaves obovate, very entire, or
(lontatc at the summit, smooth ; umbels sessile.
HAB. Ory swamps. May. Shrub 3 ft. high ; I
nd : fl. num., wh.
204 ICOSANDR1A.— DI-PENTAGYNIA.
1. S. corymbosa : leaves oblong-obovate, incisely-deh
tate ; pubescent beneath ; corymb terminal, pe-
dunculate, compound, fastigiate, somewhat leafy :
flowers pentag\nous.
HAB. Mountains. Syffrut. 18 in. high; corymb,
many-fl., wh. or rose-col.
•». S. crenata : leaves obovate, acute, toothed at the
summit, 3-nerved ; corymbs crowded, pedunculate.
HAB. New-York. -)-.
G. S. opulifolia: leaves ovate, lobed, doubly toothed
and crenate, smooth ; corymbs terminal, with the
flowers crowded and trigynous ; capsules inflated.
HAB. Rocky banks. June— July. Shrub 3—5 ft.
high ; corymb simp. ; fi. wh. j
* Herbaceous.
'k. S. aruncus. /3. americana: leaves twice or thrice
pinnate, shining ; spikes slender, in an oblong pani-
cle ; flowers trigynous, perfect.
HAB. Mountains. June. U. Stem 4— 6 ft. high ;
fi. wh.
8. S. lobata : leaves pinnate, smooth; terminal leaflet
much larger and 7-lobed ; lateral leaflets 3-lobed ;
corymbs proliferous.
HAB. Pennsylvania. June. U. Leafl. subpalm.
lobed ; fi. rose-col., 3 — 5-gyn.
326. GILLENIA. Rosacea.
L G. trifoliata : leaves ternate, lanceolate, serrate r
stipules linear, entire ; flowers in terminal loose
panicles.
HAB. Rocky hills. June. lj. . Stem 2 ft. high,
red; fi. large, wh. ; pet. elong.
I. G. stipulacea : radical leaves pinnatifid ; stem leaves
ternate ; leaflets incisely-serrate ; stipules folia-
ceous, ovate, incisely dentate ; flowers in loose
terminal panicles.
HAB. Mountains. \ . Stem 2—3 ft. high, red ,
slip, very large ; fl. wh.
£COSANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA.
POLYGYNIA.
327. ROSA. Rose. Rosacea.
J. R. parviflora : fruit depressed-globose, and
the peduncles hispid ; petioles pubescent, some
what prickly ; stem smooth ; stipular prickles
straight ; leaflets elliptical-lanceolate, simply ser
rate, smooth when mature ; flowers mostly by
pairs.
HAB. Woods and copses. June — July. Shrub 3 fi.
high ; fl. large red.
2. R. nitida : fruit subglobose ; calyx, peduncles, and
branches hispid ; petioles somewhat hairy, un
armed ; leaflets (7) oblong-lanceolate, onbothsidp*
smooth and shining.
HAB. Pennsylvania. -{-.
:. R. lucida : fruit depressed-globose, and with the pe
duncles somewhat hispid ; petioles smooth, a little
prickly ; stem smooth ; stipular prickles straight :
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, rather obtuse, coarsely
serrate, smooth and shining; flowers generally bj
pairs ; segments of the calyx entire.
II AB. Mountain bogs. July. Shrub oft. high ; fl
large, red.
. R. gcmclla: fruit depressed-globose, and with th<
peduncles glabrous ; flowers mostly by pairs, leaf-
lets oblong, acute, opaque; petioles and under sur
face of the veins pubescent ; stipular prickles unci-
nate, by pairs.
HAB. Dry hills. June. A tow shrub ;jl. lawge, reu
». R. Carolina: fruit globose, and, with the peduncles
somewhat hispid ; petioles hairy, somewhat prickly
m smooth ; prickles uncinate ; leaflets (5 — 7:
long-lanceolate, acute, sharply senate, glaucou-
beneath ; flowers in corymbs.
iwamps and wet thickets. June— July
ub 3—8 ft. high; prickles strong; corymbs 5—
\-f. ; pet. obovate, large.
]». rubiginosa : fruit ovate; peduncle- and petioles
qlandular-hi?pid ; stem smooth : branches anfl
S
?06 ICOSANDRIA.— POLYGYRIA.-
prickles recurved ; leaflets oblong, opaque, pubes
cent above, ferruginous and glandular beneath.
HAB. Hedges, &c. Shrub slend., climb. ; leaf,. 5 —
7, sweet-scent. ; Jl. pale red.
328. RUBUS. Bramble. Rosacea.
* Frutescent.
1. R. Idams: leaves pinnate ; leaflets 3 — 5, rhombic
ovate, acuminate, white and very downy beneath ;
petioles canaliculate ; stem nearly erect, prickly.
HAB. Borders of lakes.
2. R. villosus : pubescent, hispid and prickly; stem
angular ; leaflets in fives, .digitate, elliptical, acumi-
nate, serrate, pubescent on both sides ; calyx short-
acuminate ; racemes loose, naked ; pedicels solitary.
HAB. Fields and hedges. June. Shrub 4 — 6 ft.
high ; fl. wk. ; jr. large, blk.
(8. frondoms: pubescence simple; racemes leafy
few-flowered ; the upper flowers opening first :
petals orbicular-ovate, approximate.
HAB. Road -sides. Fl. larger.
\ R. strigosus : unarmed; strongly hispid ; leaflets i>
threes, or pinnate in fives, oval, obtuse at the
base, marked with lines,, and whitish-downy be-
neath : the terminal one often subcordate ; pedun-
cles and calyx hispid.
HAB, Rocky hills. May. Shrub vpright ; racemt
fezv-fl. ; fr. red, agreeable.
1. R. cuncifolius: branches, petioles, and peduncle.'
pubescent ; stem erect ; slightly angular ; leaflet?
ternate, cuneate-obovate, entire at the base, sub-
plicate, tomentose beneath ; racemes loose ; pedi-
cels solitary, 1 -flowered.
HAB. Sandy fields and woods. June. Shrub 2 ft.
high ; fr. black, ovate, agreeable.
5. R. canadensis: smoothish ; leaves digitate, in fives
and threes ; leaflets rhombic-lanceolate, naked on
both sides, acutely serrate ; stem unarmed, with
lanceolate bracts ; pedicels elongated, 1 — 3-flow
ered ; calyx 5 — 7-clefl.
HAB. Sandy woods and swamps. June. Stem sar-
ICOSANDRIA.-POLYGYNIA. 207
ment., procAimb. or reclin. ; leaf., thin; pet. short;
fr. dark red.
6. R. occidental : branches and petioles glaucous and
aculeate ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate-acuminate,
somewhat lobed, coarsely serrate, hoary tomen-
tose beneath ; petioles terete ; racemes terminal.
HAB. Rocky places. May — Aug. Sterns long, si end. ;
racem. long ; fr. black, round.
7. R. hispidus: sarmentose-procumbent ; stems, peti-
oles and peduncles very hispid with rigid bristles ;
leaves ternate ; leaflets incisely serrate, naked ;
the intermediate one pedicellate.
HAB. Pennsylvania. June.
3. R. trivialis :" sarmentose-procumbent; petioles and
peduncles aculeate-hispid, with the prickles re-
curved ; stipules subulate ; leaves ternate and qui-
nate oval, acute, unequally serrate ; pedicels soli-
tary, elongated.
HAB. Stony fields. May — June. Stems long ; leav .
subscmperv. ; fr. large, black.
.'•. R. odoratus: unarmed, erect, viscidly pubescent:
leaves simple, acute, 3— 5-lobed ; corymbs termi-
nal, divaricate ; calyx appendiculate ; petals nearly
round.
HAB. Rocky places. June. Shrub 3—4 ft. high.:
fl. large, purp. ; fr. yellow, large.
** Somewhat herbaceous.
10. R. saxatilis /3. canadensis: herbaceous, pubescent .;
stems creeping; leaves ternate ; leaflets rhombic,
acute, incisely dentate, naked ; the terminal one
petiolate ; flowers somewhat in threes ; pedicels
elongated.
HAB. Mountains. Fruit small, black.
11. R. obovalis : stem becoming a little woody, hispid
with stiff hairs ; leaves ternale ; leaflets round-
obovate, serrate, naked; stipules setaceous; ra-
cemes subcorymbed, few flowered ; bracts ovate
pedicels elongated.
HAB. Mountain swamps. May — July. Fr. with few
\ black, tweet,
1? R. ' /-us: herbaceous, small ; stem unarm
'OS ICOSANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA.
ed, 1-flowered, erect; leaves simple, subreni
form, with rounded lobes, petals oblong.
HAB. High mountains. Fl. wh.; Jr. yellow, or
amber-col.
329. DALIBARDA.* Rosacea?.
1. D. repens : villous; stolons creeping; leaves sim-
ple, cordate, crenate ; .peduncles 1 -flowered.
HAB. Woods and mountains. June. lj. . Scapt
Jilif. ; Jl. wh. ; pet. ovate.
•2. D. fragarioides : leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, in-
cisely serrate, cuneate at the base ; peduncle?
many-flowered.
HAB. Woods. May. Petiol. 3—4 in, long. ; fl
small, yellow.
330. DRYAS. Mountain avens. Rosacea?
D. integrifolia : leaves elliptical-ovate, entire.
HAB. High mountains. ij. . Suffrut.; cespit. ;
sempvir. ; Jl. wh.\ solit.
331. GEUM. Avens. Rosacea?.
1 G. strictum : hairy ; leaves all interruptedly pin-
nate ; the terminal leaflet larger ; leaflets ovate?
dentate ; stipules incised ; calyx with 5 alternate
segments, linear aid short ; flowers erect ; petals
roundish, a little longer than the segments ; awns
naked, uncinate.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. %. Stem simp., 2 ft. high- ;
Jl. large, yellow, dust.
:?. G. agrimonoides : very hairy; leaves all pinnate,
leaflets nearly equal, unequally and incisely dent-
ate ; stipules ovate, nearly entire ; flowers erect ;
segments of the calyx subequal ; petals oval, a*
long as the calyx.
HAB. Rocky banks. U. Fl. wh. Cfr. Poten-
tilla confertijlora.
3. G. virginianum : pubescent ; radical and lower cauline
leaves ternate ; the upper lanceolate ; stipules
ovate, nearly entire ; flowers erect ; petals shorter
than the calyx ; awns uncinate, naked, hairy, ant*
twisted at the summit,
ICOSANDRIA.— POLYGYRIA. 209
BAB. Woods and thickets. June— July. H. Stem
2 ft. high ; fl. pedunc., yell.-wh.
G. album : pubescent ; radical leaves pinnate ; stem
leaves ternate, the upper one simple, 3-cleft 5
lower stipules incised ; flowers erect ; petals as
long as the calyx ; awns uncinate, naked, hairy at
the summit.
HAB. Banks of rivers, &c. June — July. Stem 1ft.
high ; fl. wh., on short ped.
G. rivale : pubescent ; stem simple ; radical leaves
interruptedly pinnate ; cauline ones 3-cleft ; flow-
ers nodding ; petals as long as the calyx ; awns
plumose, nearly naked at the summit, minutely
uncinate.
HAB. Begs. May — June. Stem \\ ft. high ; term,
leafl. large ; fl. purp.
G. Peckii : somewhat hairy; slem few-flowered;
radical leaves reniform ; incisely toothed, and
somewhat lobed ; petioles elongated, with minute
leaflets ; petals roundish, longer than the calyx.
HAB. High mountains. July — Aug. U . A span
high ; fl. middle sized, yellow.
332. POTENTILLA. Rosacea.
* Leaves ternate.
P. tridentata : assurgent ; stipules subulate ; leaves
ternate, oblong cuneiform, 3-toothed at the sum-
mit, smoothish above, pubescent beneath ; corymb
loose, few-flowered ; petals oblong-obovate, longer
than the calyx.
HAB. Mountains. June — July. Cespit., 3 — 6 in.
high ; leav. coriac. ; fl. wh,
P. hirsuta : stem erect, simple ; leaves ternate ;
leaflets roundish, hairy, unequally dentate-serrate ;
teeth obtu.se ; petals shorter than the calyx.
HAB. New-York. July — Aug. ©. Stem purp.,
hairy ; fl. dichot. ; pale ijellozv ; (o,7i.)
P. norvegica : stem erect, dichotomous above ;
leaves ternate, petiolatc ; leaflets oblong, acutely
serrate, with spreading hairs ; pedicels i.mI1
petals obovatC; shorter than the calyx.
&10 ICOSANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA.
HAB. Old fields. June— Aug. 0. Hairy, 8
high ; stip. large ; Jl. yellow.
** Leaves digitate.
P. canadensis: whole plant silky villous ; stem pro
cumbent and ascending, somewhat branched ; leaves
quinate-obovate, incisely dentate ; peduncles soli-
tary, elongated ; segments of the calyx linear-lan-
ceolate ; petals orbicular, nearly as long as the
calyx.
HAB. Fields and woods. April — May. ij. • Stem
2 — 10 in, high ; Jl. yellow ; receipt, hairy.
•>. P. simplex : stem sarrnentose ; simple ; leaves qui-
natc ; leaflets oblong-oval, coarsely serrate, hairy
beneath ; stipules incised ; peduncles axillary, soli-
tary, elongated ; petals roundish obcordate, a little
longer than the. calyx.
HAB. Fields and woods, Ma}' — Aug. U . Hairy;
ped. \-Jl; fl. yellow.
P. argenteo : stem ascending ; leaves quinate ;. leal-
lets cuneiform, incised, revolute on the margin ;
white and tomentose beneath ; petals retuse, a little
longer than the calyx.
IIAB. Rocks and fields. June— Sept. U- Often
spi'cading ; leav. gr. above ; Jl. yellow.
*** Leaves pinnate.
P. fruticosa: stem fruticose ; leaves pinnaie ; leaf-
lets oblong-lanceolate, very entire ; petals longer
than the calyx.
HAB. Bog meadows. June. A shrub, 2 ft. high ,
much branch. ; Jl. yellow.
:\ P. Anscrina : stem creeping ; leaves interruptedly
pinnate ; leaflets numerous, incisely and very
acutely serrate, silky ; pedicels axillary, solitary,
as long as the leaves ; stipules many-cleft.
IIAB. Wet meadows. June. U. Stems long ; leafl
7 — 10 pairs, wk. beneath ; Jl. yellow.
9, P. supina : stem decumbent, dichotomous ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets oblong, incisely serrate ; pedun
cles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered.
IIAB. Overflowed banks. June— Aug. £>, Ft-
small j yellow.
POL Y ANDRIA.— MONO YGYN I A. 2 U
TO. P. palustris : root creeping ; stem ascend;;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, acutely ser-
rate ; petals lanceolate, acuminate, much shorter
than the calyx.
HAB. Swamps. June. U. Stem 10 in. high,
pubes. ; leafl. 5—7 ; /. large, dark purp.
11. P. pennsylvanica : erect, very soft, and somewhat
whitish villous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong,
obtuse, subpinnatifid, woolly ; panicle straight,
many-flowered ; segments of the calyx snrnioval.
HAB. Pennsylvania, &c. July — Aug. U. Stems
num., 18 in. high; Icav. interrupt., pin.
12. P. conferti flora : viscous and very hairy; stem
erect, nearly simple ; leaves somewhat interrupt-
edly pinnate ; leaflets roundish-ovate, doubly and
incisely dentate, oblique ; stipule* ov;»te, acute,
entire ; flowers clustered, subsessile ; leaflets oi
the calyx unequal, oblong, acute ; petals obovate
longer than the calyx.
HAD. Rocky hills. June. U- Stem brownish
pubes., 2 ft. high; fl. ydl.-wh.
333. FRAGARIA. Strawberry. Rosacecr.
1\ virginiana : leaflets broad-oval, smoothish above
the lateral ones distinctly petiolate ; hairs of the
petiole spreading ; of the peduncles oppressed ;
fructiferous ; calyx spreading.
JiAB. Fields and woods. May— June. jj . Stem
sarment. ; fl. wh. ; jr. red.
CALYCANTHUS. Carolina Allspice. Rosacea
C. lorvigatuj: segments of the calyx lance
leaves oblong or oval, gradually acuminate, some
what rugose, smooth and green on both side*
blanches straight, erect.
HAT.. Mountains. Shrub 4—4 ft. high j lea
ti large, purp., odor.
POLY AND III A.
MONOGYNIA.
T1LIA, < '«/. inferior, 5-parted. deciduous.
312 POLYANDRIA.— MONOGTNIA.
5. Cap. globose, 5-celled, 5-valved, opening at
the base ; (by abortion 1 -celled, 1 — 2-seeded.)
336. HELIANTHEMUM. Cal. 5-leaved; exterior
leaflets smaller. Pet. 5. Caps, superior, 1-
celled, 3-valved ; valves septiferous in the mid-
dle. Seeds angular.
337. HUDSON I A. Cal. tubular, 5-parted, unequal.
Pet. 5. Stam. l\5— 30. Caps. 1 -celled, 3-val-
ved, 1 — 3-seeded.
338. PORTULACCA. Cal. inferior, bifid. Pet. 5.
Caps. 1 -celled, opening circularly. Recept. un-
connected, 5-lobed.
339. TALINUM. Cal. 2— 5-leaved, inferior. Pet. 5.
Caps. 1 -celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Recept.
globose. Seeds axillate.
340. CHELIDONIUM. Cal. 2-leaved, deciduous. Pet.
4. Stig. small, sessile, bifid. Caps, elongated,
silique-form, 2-valved, 1 -celled, linear. Seeds
numerous, crested.
341. MECONOPSIS. Cal. 2-leaved, deciduous. Pet.
4. Style distinct ; stig. 4 — 6-rayed. Caps, ob-
long, mostly echinate, 1 -celled, 4 — 6-valved ;
recept. slender.
342. ARGEMONE. Cal. 3-leaved, deciduous. Pet,
4 — 6. Stig. sessile, capitate, 4— 7-rayed. Caps.
ovate, angular, 1 -celled, opening at the summit
by valves ; recep. linear. Seeds spherical, scro-
bicular.
343. SANGUINARIA. Col. 2-leaved, deciduous. "Pet.
about 8. Stig. didymous. Caps, oblong, 2-
valved, 1 -celled, acute at each end; valves de*
ciduous ; recept. 2, persistent.
344. PODOPHYLLUM. Col. 3-leaved. Pet. about
9. Stig. large, crenate, sessile. Caps? 1 -cell
ed, many-seeded, at length berry-like ; recept..
unilateral, large and pulpy.
345. ACTiEA. Cal. 4-leaved, deciduous. Pet. 4,
often wanting. Stig. sessile, capitate. Berry
superior, 1 -celled, many-seeded. Seeds hemi-
spherical.
346. SARRACENIA. Cal. double, persistent; exte
rior smaller, 3-leaved ; interior 5-leaved. Pet
5, deciduous. Stig. very large, persistent, pel*
POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA. 213
tate, covering the stamens. Caps. 5-ccllcd, 5-
valved, many-seeded.
*47, NUPHAR. Cal. 5— 6-leaved. Pet. numerous.,
minute, inserted with the stamens upon the re-
ceptacle. Stig. disk-form, radiate. ^Pericarp
berry-like, many-celled, many-seeded.
NYMPHjEA. Cal. 4— 5-leaved. Pet. numerous,
inserted upon the germens beneath the stamens.
Stig. disk-form, radiate. Pericarp berry-like
many-celled, many-seeded.
DI-PEKTAGYNIA.
349. DELPHINIUM. Cal. petaloid, deciduous, irre-
gular.
350. ACONITUM. Cal. petaloid, irregular.
551, AQU1LEGIA. Cal. 5-leaved, petaloid, deciduous.
Petals 5, terminating below in a spurred nec-
tary. Cap*. 5, erect, acuminate with the styles,,
many-seeded.
352. CIMICIFUGA. Cal. 4— 5-leaved. Pet. 4— 8;.
(sometimes wanting.) Caps. 4 — 5, oblong,,
manv-seeded.
353. ASCYBUM. Cal 4-leaved ; the 2 interior leaf-
lets larger and cordate. Pet. 4. Stam. subpo-
lyadelphous. Styles 1 — 3. Caps. 1 -celled.
554, HYPERICUM. Cal. 5- parted ; segments equal.
Pet. 5. Stam. polyadelphous. Styles 1 — 5.
Caps, membranaceous, 1 — 5-ccllcd.
POLYGYNIA.
MAGNOLIA. Cat. 3-leaved. Pet. G— 9. Cap
sides 2-valved, I -seeded, imbricated in a cone
SeeHi berried, pendulous on a verv long funicului
, LIRIODENDRON. Cal. 3-Ieaved, Pet.6. Sa-
maras sublanceolate, I — 2-secded, imbricated in
a cone.
kSIMINA. Cal. 3-parted. Pet. G, spreading,
ovate-oblong ; the interior .-miller. Antk. sub-
sessile. Merries several, ovate, sessile, many-
led.
' tfATIS. Invol. 0, *T calvcibum Cal. I
214 POLYANDRIA.— P0LYGYN1A.
leaved, coloured. Pet. 0, or very short. Seeds
with a long, mostly plumose cauda.
359. ANEMONE. Invol. 3-leaved, distant from the
flower; leaflets divided. Cal. petaloid, 5 — 15-
leaved. Ptt. 0. Seeds numerous.
360. THALICTKUM. Invol. 0. Cal. 4— 5-leaved,
petaloid. Pet. 0. Seeds without awns.
361. HYDRASTIS. Cal. 3-leaved, petaloid; leaflets
ovate. Pet. 0. Berry composed of many 1-
seeded grains.
•362. CALTHA. Cal. coloured, 5-leaved ; leaflets or-
bicular, petaloid. Caps. 5—10, compressed,
spreading, 1 -celled, many-seeded.
363. COPTIS. Cal. 5— 6-leaved, coloured and peta-
loid, J,ciduous. Pet. small, cucullate. Capsules
5 — F. stipulate, diverging, ovate-oblong, 4 — 6-
seeded, rostrate.
364. TROLLIUS. Cal. 5— 15-leaved, petaloid, deci-
. duous. Pet. 5 — 20, small, tubular at the base.
Capsules sessile, subcylindrical, many- seeded.
865. HEPATICA. Invol. 3-leaved, near the flower,
resembling a calyx ; leaflets entire. Cal. 6 — 9-
leave'i, petaloid, disposed in several series.
Seeds without awns.
366. RANUNCULUS. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, with a
nectariferous pore at the base, on the inside.
Capsules numerous, ovate, shortly mucronate,
1 -seeded, not opening.
367. BRASENIA. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet. 3—4. Peri-
carp oblong, 2-seeded. Seeds pendulous.
368. NELUMBIUM. Cal. petaloid, 4— 6-leaved. Pet
numerous. Pericarps numerous, deeply im-
mersed in the upper surface of a turbinate re-
ceplacie ; {torus.) Seed large, round, solitary
POLYANDRIA.
POLYGYNIA.
335. TILIA. Lime, or Linden. Tiliacece.
I. T. glabra : leaves round-cordate, abruptly acumi-
oate, acutely serrate, subcoriaceous, smooth ; pe~
POLYANDRIA.— P0LYGYN1A. 215
fals truncate at the apex, crenate ; style as long as
the petals, equal ; fruit ovate, subcordate.
HAB. Woods. June. A large tree ; fl. cymose ;
yell.-wh.,ped. winged.
2. T. pubescens : leaves truncate at the base, oblique,
denticulate-serrate, pubescent beneath ; petals
emarginate ; styles longer than the petals ; fruit
globose, smooth.
HAB. Banks of rivers. June. A large tree.
>. T. laxiflora : leaves cordate, gradually acuminate,
sparingly toothed, membranaceous, smooth ; pani
cle loose ; petals emarginate ; styles longer than
the petals ; fruit globose.
HAB. Near the sea-coast. June.
336. HELIANTHEMUM. CMnea.
\. H. canadense: without stipules; erect, hairy,
leaves erect, linear-lanceolate, flat, paler j^eneath ;
raceme terminal, few-flowered ; segments of the
calyx broad-ovate ; capsule shorter than the calyx.
HAB. Dry fields and woods. June. If.. A foot
high ; fl. yellow ; cal. hairy.
2. H. ramuliflorum : without stipules, erect, pulveru-
lent-tomentose ; leaves oblong, acute ; margin a
little revolute, whitish beneath ; racemes very
short ; segments of the calyx roundish, pulveru-
lent ; capsule globose, as long as the calyx.
HAB. Sandy fields. lj. . July. Fl. yellow; style
very short ; cal. hairy.
I 11. corymbosum : suffrutescent, without stipule*,
erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves alternate,
lanceolate, hoary-tomentose beneath ; flower-
crowded, in iastigiate corymbs ; segments of the
calyx ovate, acute ; capsule scarcely as long as the
calyx.
11AB. Sandy fields. June — Aug. Fl. very saw1!
often apct.
337. HUDSONIA. Usiinccc.
1. II. ericoides : pubescent ; suberect ; branches elou
gated, leaves filiform, sub' newhat imbri-
cate ; peduncles numeror: ! calyx cy-
216 POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA,
lindrical, obtuse ; capsule pubescent, 1 -seeded :
valves oblong.
HAB. Pine barrens. May — June. V Stem 4 —
6 in. high ; leav. persist. ; Jl. sm. yellow.
.H. tomentosa : cespitose, hoary-pubescent ; leaves
minute, closely imbricate, ovate, acute ; flowers
aggregated, subsessile ; calyx subcylindric ; seg-
ments obtuse ; capsule smooth.
HAB. Sea-shore. June. "k. Stem 6 in. high, in-
tricate : ft. num.) yellow.
338. PORTULACCA. Purslane. Portulacea:
P. oleracea : leaves cuneiform, smooth ; flowers
sessile.
HAB. Cultivated grounds, &c. May — Aug. <3>.
Spreading, succul. ; Jl. yellow. §.
339. TALINUM. Portulaceai.
T. tcretifolium: leaves terete, subulate, fleshy:
scape cyraose ; flowers pedunculate, polyandrous ;
calyx 2-leaved.
HAB. Rocks. July. $ . Subcespit. ; leav. crowd. ;
rad. • Jl. pur p.
340. CHELIDONIUM. Celandine. Papaveracece.
C. majus: leaves pinnate, lobed ; segments round-
ed ; umbels axillary, pedunculate ; petals elliptic
cal, entire.
HAB. Along fences, &c. May— Oct. U. Plant
yielding an orange juice, branch. ; leav. glane. ; j\
>{ellow. §.
311. MECONOPSIS. Papaveracev.
M. diplujlla : leaves 2. sessile, hairy; lobes rounded
and obtuse, subundulate : capsule 4-valved, echi
nate.
HAB. Shady woods, &c. May. U. JL foot high:
glauc. and subpilose ; Jl. yellow.
342. ARGEMOME. Prickly poppy. Papaveraccv:
A. mexioana.
POLYANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 217
HAB. Banks of rivers. July. 0. Leav. pinna-
tif., spiny ; fl. axill, and term., large, yellow or
while.
343. SANGUINARIA. Blood-root. Papaveracece.
S. canadensis*
HAB. Fertile woods. April — May. U . Root tub.
■with a bitter juice; leav. rad.,renif. ; fl. large, wh..
solit.
344. PODOPHYLLUM. May-apple. Podophyllaceo:.
P. peltatum : stem erect, 2-leaved ; leaves peltate.
HAB. Woods. May. U . Stem V ft. high; leav*
lobed; Jl. sol. wh. ; fr. ovate.
345. ACTiEA. Bane-berry. Ranunculacea.
A. americana : leaves twice and thrice ternate ; ra-
ceme ovate ; petals shorter than the stamens ; ber-
ries ovate-oblong.
ec. alba : petals truncate ; pedicels of the fruit
thicker than the peduncle ; berries white.
/3. rubra : petals acute ; pedicels of the fruit slender ;
berries red.
HAB. Rocky woods. May. H . Stem 2 ft. high :
leafi. ovate-Ian., incis. ; fl. wh.
346. SARRACENIA. Side-saddle flower.
S. purpurea: leaves much shorter than the scape.
inflated; ventral wing arched; appendix erect.
broad-cordate, undulate, not mucronate.
HAB, Sphagnous swamps. June — July. Leav. alt
Tad., large and tubular, open at the top ; scape \ ft
high; fl. large, sol.,.purp.
/3. ; flowers yellow.
•147. NUPHAR. Yellow Pond-lily. .Xymphccacew.
1. N. advena : calyx G-leaved ; petals numerous ; fruit
sulcate ; leaves cordate, with divaricate I
petioles semicylindrical.
T
218 POLYANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA.
HAB. In water. June — July. U . Lcav. upright
or floating; fl. large, depress., yellow.
2. N. Kalmiana : calyx 5-leaved ; stigmas incised, 8 —
12-rayed ; leaves cordate, with approximate lobes ;
petioles roundish.
HAB. In water. July — Aug. ty . Leav. and fl.
small; cat. equal.
348. NYMPHiEA. Water-lily. Nymphazacece.
N. odorata: leaves orbicular-cordate, entire ; nerves
and veins prominent ; calyx 4-leaved, equal to the
petals; stigma 16 — 20-rayed ; rays inflexed.
HAB. In water. June — July. \ . Leav. float. :
fl. large, wh., odorous.
DI-PENTAGYNIA.
349. DELPHINIUM. Larkspur. Ranunculacea:.
1. D. exaltalum : petioles not dilated at the base:
leaves flat, 3-cleft below the middle ; lobes cunei-
form, 3-cIeft at the apex, acuminate ; lateral one?
often 2-lobed ; raceme straight ; spur longer than
the calyx ; capsules 3.
HAB. Rocky woods. July U. Stem 2—4 //.
high ; fl. bine ; spur straight.
2. D. azureum: petioles slightly dilated at the base;
leaves 3— 5-parted, many-cleft; lobes linear ; ra-
ceme straight ; petals densely bearded ; flowers on
short pedicels.
HAB. Woods. May. U- Stem 2 ft. high ; fli
large, light blue.
350. ACONITUM. Wolf's-bane. Ranuncularev.
A. uncinatum : panicle rather loose, with diverging
branches ; galea conical ; spur inclined, somewhat
spiral; styles 3 — 5; leaves 3-lobed ; lobes equal.
HAB. Mountain swamps. Sept. U. Fl. large,
blue.
351. AQUILEGIA. Columbine. Ranunculacea;.
A. canadensis : spurs straight ; styles and stamens
exserted; calyx rather acute, longer than the pc-
POLYANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA. 219
lals ; division of the leaves 3-parted, rather obtuse,
incisely toothed.
HAB. Rocks. April— May. U- Fl. pend., scarl.
ext., yell, int.; Jr. erect.
352. CIMICIFUGA. Black Snake-root. Ranunculaceo:.
C. racemosa : leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets
ovate-oblong, incised and dentate ; racemes pani-
culate, elongated ; flowers with one style ; capsule
ovate.
HAB. Rocky woods. June— July. U . Stem 4—
2 ft. high; ft. wk.; pet. 0.
353. ASCYRUM. St. Peter's-wort. Hypericinece.
1. A. Crux ■- Andrew : stems numerous, assurgent, suffru-
ticose ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse ; interior-
leaflets of the calyx suborbicular ; pedicels bibrac-
teate ; flowers sessile, with 2 styles.
HAB. Pine barrens. July— Aug. Stems 6 — 3 in.
highfl. num.. yellow ; pet. narrow.
2. A. stans : stem fruticose, winged, straight ; leaves
ovate-elliptical, obtuse, glaucous ; interior leaflets
of the calyx cordate, orbicular ; stamens united
at the base, styles 2.
HAB. Pine barrens. Aug. Stem lft. high ; branch,
straight ; fl. yellow.
354. HYPERICUM. St. John's- wort. Hypericinece.
* Styles 5 ; Stam. numerous, indefinite ; flowers yellow .
1. H. ascyroides : smooth; stem quadrangular, winged
at the base ; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate,
acute ; calyx ovate-lanceolate ; styles as long as
the stamens.
HAB. Low grounds. July. Stem 2 ft. high, simp.
or branch. ; fl. and, leav. lame.
:. II. Kaimianum : frutesccnt, much branched ; branches
quadrangular ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers
3 — 7, in a terminal corymb ; calyx lanceolate, ra-
ther obtuse.
HAB. Wet rocks. August. Stem 2 — 1 ft. high ,
num.. fascic.f of en revol.
220 POLYANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA.
** Styles 3; stamens numerous, indefinite ; flowers yellow.
t Frutesnent.
3. H. prolificum: branches ancipital; leaves lanceo-
late-linear, rather obtuse, corymbs axillary and
terminal, few-flowered ; calyx lanceolate.
HAB. Pennsylvania. July.
4. H. galioides: branches quadrangular ; leaves linear*
sessile, revolnte on the margin, punctate ; panicles
terminal, dichotomous, and divaricate ; calyx linear ;
styles often united.
HAB. Wet sandy places. July — Sept. Stem 2 ft.
high.
tt» Herbaceous.
j. H. perforatum: stem ancipital ; leaves obtuse, ob-
long, with pellucid punctures ; flowers paniculate ;
calyx lanceolate ; styles diverging.
HAB\ Fields. June— Aug. uT A foot high;
branch. ; anth. black-punctate. §.
6. H. punclatum: stem terete, black-punctate ; leaves
oblong-oval, obtuse, amplexicaul ; flowers co-
rymbed, punctate ; calyx lanceolate.
HAB. Meadows and woods. June — Aug. U . Stem
2 ft. high; branch. ; Jl. small.
7. H. quinquenervium : erect, much branched, smooth ;
stem quadrangular ; leaves ovate, subcordate, ob-
tuse, sessile, about 5-nerved ; corymb dichoto-
mous ; calyx linear-lanceolate, longer than the
petals.
HAB. Wet places. June— Sept. $. Stem 6— 10
in. high ; Jl. very small, yellow.
8. H. canadense : stem erect and straight, 4- winged ;
leaves linear, attenuate at the base, rather obtuse ;
panicle elongated, dichotomous ; calyx lanceolate:
styles very short ; capsule conical.
HAB. Sandy places. June — July. © . Stem 6—
10 in. high ; fl. minute ; caps. red.
9. H. angulosum : erect ; stem qu idrangular ; leaves
distant, oblong-lanceolate, siibamplexicaul, acute :
panicle dichotomous, with the flowers alternate
calyx lanceolate, acute, subcarinate.
POLY ANDRIA.— POL YGYNIA. 221
HAB. Cedar swamps. Aug. U. Stem 1—1^ ft.
high ; jl. copper-colour.
10. H. Sarothra: erect, much branched above;
branches setaceous ; leaves minute, subulate,
appressed ; flowers terminal, subsolitary ; sta-
mens few ; capsule 1 -celled.
HAB. Sandy fields. June— Aug. ©. Stem 3—C
in. high; leav. inconspic. ; Ji minute.
*** Calyx of 5 equal leaves; styles 3 ; stamens nume-
rous,'somewhat definite ; (9 — 15 — 18.) distinctly
polyadelphous.
11. II. virginicum : stem terete, leaves oblong, am-
plexicaul, punctate, very obtuse, flowers pedun-
culate, in terminal and axillary peduncles ; calyx
lanceolate ; stamens mostly 9.
HAB. Swamps. July— Sept. H- Stem \ ft.
high i ji. middle-sized, reddish.
POLYGYRIA.
355. MAGNOLIA. Magnoliacece.
1. M. acuminata: leaves deciduous, oval, acuminate,
pubescent beneath ; flowers 6 — 9-petalled ; petals
obovate, rather obtuse.
HAB. Mountain valleys. June — July. Tree mid-
dle-sized ; jl. yell.-gr.
2. M. tripetala : leaves deciduous, oblong-lanceolate.,
acute, spreading ; pubescent when young, smooth
when mature ; petals 9 — 12, rather acute, the
3 exterior ones reflexed.
HAB. Mountain woods. June. A small tree ; leav.
and f . large.
T. glauca : leaves perennial, elliptical, obtuse ;
glaucous beneath ; flowers 9 — 1 2-pe tailed ; petals
obovate, concave.
HAB. Swamps. May — June. A small tree ; leav.
2 — 3 in. long ; Jl. odor
■ LIRIODfcNDUON. Tulip tree. Mfignoli
L,
T i
t'U POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA.
IIAB. Woods. July. A large tree ; leav. 4-lobed,
truncate ; fl. large, sol., yell.-gr.
357. ASIMINA. Monacece.
A. triloba: leaves oblong-cuneate, acuminate, smooth-
ish ; flowers on short peduncles ; exterior petals
suborbicular, four times as long as the petals.
IIAB. Banks of rivers. May. A large shrub ; fl.
dark br. ; Jr. fleshy, large, edible.
358. CLEMATIS. Virgin's-bower. Ranunculacea.
t. C. virginiana: climbing; leaves ternate ; leaflets
ovate, subcordate, incisely toothed and lobed ;
acute ; flowers paniculate, dioecious.
HAB. Shady thickets. July— Aug. Tj. Stem long;
ft. white, i?i large dichot. pan.
I, C. Viorna: climbing; leaves pinnately compound \
segments ovate, entire, or 3-lobed, acute ; flower
solitary, campanulate ; leaflets of the calyx thick,
acuminate, reflexed at the apex.
IIAB. In copses, &c. June. T?. Fl. large, violet,
nodding; leav. smooth.
). C. ochroleuca : herbaceous, erect, simple, pubes-
cent ; leaves simple, ovate, very entire ; the
younger ones with the calyx silky ; flower termi-
nal, pedunculate, solitary, nodding.
HAB. Dry copses. June. U . A foot high; fl.
yell.-nh. ; jr. erect.
| Calyx 4-leaved ; petals numerous, minute. Atragene.
t. C. verticillaris: leaves verticillate in fours, ternate ;
leaflets cordate, nearly entire ; peduncles 1-flow-
crcd ; petals ac-ute.
HAB. Mountains. May— June. 1j. Climbing ;fl.
rery large, purp.
350. ANEMONE. Wind-flower. Ranunculacea. '
\. A. ncmorosa : £. quinquefolia : leaves ternate ; seg-
ments 5-parted, incisely dentate, lanceolate, acute ;
involucrum similar, petiolate ; stem 1-flowered ;
calvx 6-lcaved ; capsules awnless.
POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA. 223
IIAB. Woods. April — May. U . Root black, tub. ;
stem 6 in. high; Jl. wh. or purplish.
2. A. lancifolia : leaves ternate ; leaflets lanceolate,
crenate-dentate ; calyx 5-leaved, leaflets ovate,
acute ; stem 1 -flowered.
HAB. High mountains. May — July. U . Fl. wh. ;
fr. ovate, with a short uncinate style.
3. A. pennsylvanica : leaves 3-parted ; lobes oblong,
incisely toothed at the apex ; involucrum similar,
sessile, bearing several pedicels, one of which is
naked and 1 -flowered, the others in volucellate ;
fruit pubescent.
HAB. Meadows. June — July. If. A foot high ;
pedunc. elong. ; jl. yell.-wh., large.
4. A. virginiana : leaves ternate ; segments 3-cleft,
acuminate, incisely toothed ; involucrum similar,
petiolate ; leaflets of the calyx acuminate ; fruit
oblong.
HAB. Woods. July. U . Stem2ft.high;Jl.gr.~
yell. ; cal. hairy ; caps, woolly.
3G0. THALICTRUM. Meadow-rue. Ranunculace«.
* Stamens longer than the calyx.
1. T. dioicum : very smooth; leaves decompound;
leaflets roundish, with obtuse lobes, glaucous be-
neath ; filaments filiform ; flowers dioecious.
HAB. Rocky woods. April. U . Stem 2 ft. high ;
Jl. panic, rose-col. ; fr. oval, striate.
2. T. pubescens : leaves decompound; leaflets ovate,
3-lobed, minutely and densely pubescent beneath ;
margin revolute ; filaments filiform ; flowers poly-
gamous.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — July. U. Stem A —
5 ft. high ; Jl. in large pan. ; cal. decid.
3. T. Cornuti : leaves decompound ; leaflets ovate, ob-
tusely 3-lobed, glaucous and a little pubescent on
the veins beneath ; flowers dioecious ; filaments
cl.ivatc ; fruit sessile, striate.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — July. Stem 2— 5 //.
high; Jl. gr. -yell. +.
4. T. rugosum: leaves decompound; leaflets o\
lanceolate, rugose, veined, obtusely lobed ; fl<-\\
ious, filaments filiform.
224 POLYANDRIA.—POLYGYNIA.
HAB. Swamps. June— Aug. Stem 3— b ft. high .;
Ji. in large pan., wh.
5. T. purpurascens : leaves compound, shorter than
the stem ; leaflets roundish, 3-cleft and incised :
panicles nearly leafless ; flowers cernuous ; sta-
mens coloured.
HAB. Dry hills. May— June. U . Plant small ;
stem and flam, purp. -f*»
** Stamens shorter than the petaloid calyx.
6. T. anemonoides : root tuberous ; flowers umbelied ;
floral leaves petiolate, resembling an involucrum ;
flowers perfect ; calyx 8 — 10-leaved.
HAB. Woods. April— May. U . Stem 6—8 in.
high ; leaji. smooth ; Jl. large, wh.
361. HYDRASTIS. Yellow-root. Ranunculacev.
H. canadensis.
HAB. Rocky woods. May. U. Stem 6 in. high,
1 — 2-leav. ; leav. incis., pubes. ; Jl. solit., red-wh.,
fr. fleshy, red.
362. CALTHA. Marsh-marigold. Ranunculaceoe.
}. C. palustris : stem erect; leaves cordate, subor-
bicular, obtusely crenate.
HAB. Swamps. April— June. If. Afoot high,
dichot. ; leav. petiol. ; Jl. large, yellow.
2. C. integerrima : stem erect, corymbed ; leaves or-
bicular-cordate, very entire, with the sinus closed ;
floral ones sessile, reniform, obscurely crenate at
the base ; leaflets of the calyx obovate.
HAB. Wet meadows, &c. May— July. U. Fl.
corymb., smaller than in No. 1.
:■;. C. parnassifolia : stem erect, 1-flowered, 1-leaved ;
radical leaves, cordate-ovate, very obtuse ; many-
nerved ; leaflets of the calyx elliptical.
HAB. Cedar swamps. June — July. V-. Fl. mid-
dle-sized, deep yellow.
U C. Jlabellifolia : stem procumbent, many-flowered;
leaves dilated-reniform ; lobes widely spreading,
acutely dentate ; leaflets of the calyx obovate :
capsules uncinate.
POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA. 225
HAB. Mountain springs. July — Aug. If. Afoot
high ; fl. middle-sized, yellow.
363. COPTIS. Ranunculaceoe.
C. trifolia : leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate, ob-
tuse, dentate, obscurely 3-lobed ; scape 1-flow-
ered.
HAB. Swamps. May — June. "U. Leav. on long
pet. ; scape 6 in. high ; fl. wh.
364. TRGLLIUS. Rununculacea.
T. laxus : calyx spreading ; leaflets 5 — 10, oblong j
petals (nectaries) shorter than the stamens.
HAB. Woods. June. V-. Stem 1 foot high; leaves
palm. ; fl. large, yellow.
365. HEPATICA. Liverwort. Ranunculaceee.
H. triloba : leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes entire ; pe-
tioles and scape hairy.
et. ohhisa : lobes of the leaves rounded, obtuse.
/S. acuta : lobes of the leaves acute.
HAB. oc. In woods : /3. On mountains. April —
May. 11. Scape lfl. ; fl. blue.
366. RANUNCULUS. Crowfoot. Ranunculaceee.
*. Pericarps transversely rugose.-striate ; petals white.
1. R. aquatilis : Q. capillace.us : *tem filiform, floating ;
leaves all immersed, and filiformlv dissected ; pe-
tals obovate, longer than the calyx.
HAB. In brooks, &c. July — Aug. If. Stem long ;
leav. peliol. ; fl. small ; caL pubes.
**. Pericarps smooth, short, ovate, collected into a round
ish head ; flowers yellow.
]. Leaves undivided.
1. U. Lingua: leaves lanceolate, subserrate, sessile,
^miamplexicaul ; stem erect, smooth.
$26 POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA.
HAB. Borders of lakes, &c. July. V. Stem 2—
3 ft. high, succul. ; fl. large, yellow.
3. R. Flammula : leaves smooth, linear-lanceolate, or
subovate, nearly entire, the lower oues petiolate ;
stem more or less decumbent, rooting ; peduncles
opposite to the leaves.
HAB. Swamps. June— July. Ifi. Stem 12—18
in. high, succul. ; fl. smaller than No. 2.
4. R. pusillus : leaves all on long petioles ; the inferior
ones ovate, subdentate ; superior linear-lanceolate ;
stems numerous, erect ; petals mostly 3, as long as
the calyx.
HAB. Wet places. July. H. A span high; rad,
leav. cord. ; fl. minute.
5. R. Cymbalaria : radical leaves petiolate, smooth;
somewhat fleshy, cordate-reniform, coarsely cre-
nate ; scapes naked, elongated, 1 — 4-flowered ; pe-
tals linear, as long as the calyx.
HAB. Salt marshes. July — Aug. If. Scapes 2 —
6 in. high, often stolonif. ; fl. sm. ; fr. oblong.
6. R. reptans : /3. flliformis : leaves linear-subulate ;
stems filiform,, creeping, geniculate ; joints 1»
flowered.
HAB. River banks. July — Aug. If.. Stems 6— *
10 in. long ; fl. small ; fr. very smooth.
It- Leaves divided.
7. R. abortivus : leaves smooth ; radical ones petiolate,
cordate-orbicular, crenate ; stem leaves ternate
and 3-cleft, with linear segments ; calyx smooth, a
little longer than the petals.
HAB. Rocky woods. April — June. If. A foot
high ; fl. small ; fr. ovate, compress.
3. R. sceleratus : leaves smooth ; radical ones petio-
late, 3-parted ; divisions 3-lobed, obtuse, subin-
cised ; superior 3-parted, with oblong-linear entire
lobes ; calyx pubescent ; fruit linear-oblong.
HAB. Ditches, &c. May— Aug. If.. Afoot high.,
much branch. ; stem succul. ; fl. small.
POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA. 227
9. R. mukifidus : floating ; leaves all cleft into nume-
rous capillary segments, with axillary leaflets ; pe-
tals 5 — 8, obovate, twice as long as the calyx ; nec-
tary concave.
HAB. Stagnant waters. May — June. U. Stem
3 — 4 ft. long ; fl. large, shining.
10. R. acris : leaves mostly pubescent, 3-parted ; lobes
incisely toothed, acute ; upper ones linear ; stem
erect, many-flowered ; peduncles not sulcate ; ca-
lyx spreading, subvillous.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. U . Stem 2 ft. high,
pubes. ; fl. large; cal. reflex. §.
11. R. hispidus : erect, branched; stem and petioles
with stiff spreading hairs ; leaves ternate ; leaflets
acutely lobed ; pubescence of the pedicels ap-
pressed ; calyx appressed.
HAB. Wet places. May. 1/. Stem 11 ft. high,
"very hairy ; fl. large.
12. R. recurvaius : erect; stem and petioles with
spreading hairs ; leaves 3-parted, hairy ; segments
broad-oval, subincised ; the lateral ones 2-lobed ;
calyx reflexed ; petals lanceolate ; pericarps unci-
nate.
HAB. In woods. May — July. U . A foot high ;
leav. subpentang. ; fl. very small.
13. R. pennsylvanicus : erect; stem and petioles very
hairy ; the hairs rigid and spreading ; leaves
ternate, villous ; segments subpetiolate, acutely
3-lobed, incisely serrate ; calyx reflexed ; peri-
carps with a straight style.
HAB. Wet meadows. June— Aug. n.? Stem IK
in. high; branch. ; fl. large ; fr. in obi. heads.
14. R. fascicularis : erect, branched; leaves pubes-
cent, ternate ; the middle segment deeply 3-cleft ;
lateral ones remotely 3-lobed ; calyx spreading,
villous, shorter than the petals.
1IAB. Rocky woods. April — May. %. Root fas -
cic.;fl. large; nect.flat, cuneif.
15 R. bvlbosus : hairy ; radical leaves ternate ; leaflets
petiolate, 3-cleft, incisely dentate, stem ererl
bulbous at the base ; calyx reflexed ; pedtmclej
sulcate.
228 DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA.
HAB. Pastures, &c May— July. U. Stem 12—
18 in. high ; ji. large ; plant acrid.
36. R. marilandicus : stem erect, somewhat branched,
soft-hairy ; leaves smoothish, ternate ; leaflets 3-
lobed ; lobes oblong, acute, incisely-dentate ; ca-
lyx smooth, spreading, shorter than the petal?.
HAB. Woods. May — July. 11 . Pericarps com-
pres., acum., with a straight style.
17. R. repens : leaves ternate; leaflets cuneate, 3-
lobed, incisely-dentate ; middle one petiolate ;
main stems prostrate ; flowering ones erect ; pe-
duncles sulcate ; calyx appressed.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — Sept. H . Stem
1 — 2 ft. high ; fl. middle sized.
367. BRASENIA. Water-target. Podophyllaceu.
B. Hydropeltis.
HAB. Ponds. July — Aug. 1}. . Floating ; leaves
oval, centrally peltate, very entire ; purp. and gelat.
beneath ; ji. sol., purp., on long pedunc.
3G8. NELUMBIUM. Water-chinquepin. Nympheaceaz.
N. luteum : corolla many-petalled ; anthers produced
into a linear appendage at the extremity ; leaves
peltate, orbicular, very entire.
HAB. In lakes. July. U . Petioles and pedunc.
scab. ; ji. very large, yellow.
DIDYNAMIA.
GYMNOSPERMIA.
* Calyx mostly 5-cleft, subregular.
369. TEUCR1UM. Upper lip of the Cor. wanting, but
a fissure in its place, through which the stamens
• are exserted.
370. MENTHA. Cor. subregular, 4-lobed ; the broader
segment emarginate. Stam. erect, distant.
371. I SAN THUS. Cal. subcampanulale. Cor. 5-
parted ; tube straight and narrow : segments of
DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA. 229
the border equal. Stam, subequal. Stig. linear,
recurved.
172. HYSSOPUS. Lower lip of the Cor. 3-parted:
middle segment crenate. Stam. straight, distant.
373. NEPETA. CW. arid, striate. Tube of the Cor.
rather long, intermediate segment of the lower
lip crenate, margin of the orifice reflexed. Stam.
approximate.
374. LAMIUM. Upper lip of the Cor. vaulted, entire ;
lower lip 2-lobed, toothed on each side.
375. GALEOPSIS. Upper lip of the Cor. vaulted,
notched ; lower lip 3-lobed, 2-toothed above.
376. STACHYS. Upper lip of the Cor. vaulted,
lower lip 3-lobed ; the lateral lobes reflexed.
Stam. reflexed to the sides after flowering.
377. LEONURUS. Cal. 5-angled. Upper lip of the
Cor. entire, flat, erect ; lower lip 3-parted ;
middle segment entire. Anth. sprinkled with
shining dots.
378. GLECHOMA. Upper lip of the Cor. bifid. Anth.
approaching each other in pairs, and forming a
cros^.
379. MARRUBIUM. Cal. 10-ribbed. Upper lip of
of the Cor. linear, straight, cleft.
379. PYCNANTHEMUM. Heads surrounded by an
involucrum of many bracts. Cal. tubular, stri-
ate. Upper lip of the Cor. nearly entire ; lower
lip 3-cleft. Stam. nearly equal, distant ; cells
of the Anth. parallel.
** Calyx bilabiate.
381. CLINOPODIUM. Whorls surrounded by a se-
taceous involucrum. — Upper lip of the Cor. flat.
emarginate.
302. ORIGANUM. Flowers collected into a dense, 4-
sided spike. Upper lip of the Cor. straight,
flat, emarginate.
383. DRACOCEPHALUM. Orifice of the Cor. infla-
ted ; upper lip concave. Stam. unconnected.
PRUNELLA. Upper lip of the Cal. dilate.!
Filam. forked, one of the points antheriferous.
SCUTELLARIA. Upper lip of the Cal. covering
the fruit like an operculum.
U
230 DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA.
386. TRICHOSTEMA. Cal. resupinate. Upper lip
of the Cor. falcate. Stam. very long, and in-
curved.
ANGIOSPERMIA.
*. Calyx 5-cleft.
387. PHRYMA. Cal. cylindric ; upper lip longer, 3-
cleft ; lower lip bidentate. Upper lip of the
Cor. emarginate ; lower much larger. Seed so-
litary.
388. VERBENA. Cal. with one of the teeth truncate.
Cor. infundibuliform ; limb 5-cleft, unequal.
Stam. 2 — 4. Seeds 2 — 4, enclosed in a thin
evanescent pericarp.
389. ZAPANIA. Flowers capitate. Cal. 5-toothed.
Cor. 5-lobed. Slam. 4, fertile. Stig. peltately
capitate, oblique. Seeds 2, at first enclosed in
an evanescent pericarp.
390. HERPESTIS. Cal. unequal, bibracteate at the
base. Cor. tubular, subbilabiate. Stam. inclu-
ded, all fertile. Caps. 2-valved, 2-celled ; dis-
sepiment parallel with the valves.
391. LIMOSELLA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. 4— -5-lobed,
equal. Stam. approximating by pairs. Caps. 2- '
valved, partly 2-celled, many-seeded.
392. SCROPHULARIA. Cor. subglobose, resupinate,
shortly bilabiate, with an internal intermediate
scale. Caps. 2-celled.
393. BIGNONIA. Cal. 5-toothed, cyathiform, partly
coriaceous. Cor. campanulate, 5-lobed, ventri-
cose on the under side. Silique 2-celled. Seeds
membranaceously winged.
394. RUELLIA. Cal. often bibracteate. Cor. sub-
campanulate ; border 5-lobed. Stam. approxi-
mating by pairs. Caps, attenuated at each ex-
tremity, bursting with elastic teeth. Seeds few.
395. BUCHNERA. Cal. 5-toothed. Tube of the tor.
slender ; border 5-cleft, nearly equal ; lobes
cordate. Caps. 2-celled.
396. ANTIRRHINUM. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. per-
sonate or ringent, with a prominent or spurred
DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA. 231
nectary at the base. Caps. 2-celled, bursting at
the summit, with reflected teeth.
397. COLLINSIA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. bilabiate, ori-
fice closed ; upper lip bifid ; the lower trifid ;
intermediate segment carinately saccate, and
closed over the declinate style and stamens.
Caps, globose, partly 1 -celled, and imperfectly
4-valved. Seeds 2 — 3, umbilicate.
398. GERARDIA. Cal. half 5-cleft, or 5-toothed.
Cor. subcampanulate, unequally 5-lobed ; seg-
ments mostly rounded. Caps. 2-celled, opening
at the summit.
399. PEDICULARIS. Cal. ventricose, half 5-cleft.
Upper lip of the Cor. arched, laterally com-
pressed, emarginate. Caps. 2-celled, oblique,
mucronate. Seeds angular.
400. M1MULUS. Cal prismatic, 5-toothed. Cor.
ringent ; upper lip reflexed at the sides ; palate
of the lower lip prominent. Stig. thick, bifid.
Caps. 2-celled, many seeded. Seeds minute.
401. CHELONE. Cal. 5-parted, with 3 bracts. Cor.
ringent, ventricose. Sterile filam. shorter than
the rest ; anthers woolly. Caps. 2-celied, 2-
valved. Seeds membranaceously margined.
402. PENTSTEMON. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. bilabi-
ate, ventricose. The fifth steril filament longer
than the rest, and bearded on the upper side.
Caps, ovate, 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds nume-
rous, angular.
403. MARTYNIA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. ringent. Caps.
ligneous, corticate, 4-celled, 2-valved, each of
the valves terminating in a long hooked beak.
** Calyx 4-cleft.
101. SCHWALBEA. Cal. ventricose-tubular ; upper
segment shortest ; the lower large and emargi-
nate. Cor. ringent ; upper lip entire, arched.
Caps, ovate-oblong, 2-celled, 2-valved ; dissepi-
ment produced by the inflected margin of the
valves, and parallel with the longitudinal re-
ceptacle. Seeds numerous, imbricated, linear,
winged.
232 DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA,.
405. EUCHROMA. CaL ventricose, 2— 4-cleft. Cor,
bilabiate ; upper lip very long and linear, em-
bracing the style and stamens. Anth. linear,
with unequal lobes, all cohering in the form of
an oblong disk. Cops, ovate, compressed, 2-
celled. Seeds numerous, surrounded with a mem-
branaceous inflated vesicle.
40G. BARTSIA. CaL 4-cleft. Cor. ringent; upper
lip concave, entire. Anth. equally lobed, un-
combined. Caps. 2-celled. Seeds angular.
407. MELAMPYRUM. Ca/. 4-cleft. Upper lip of the
Cor. compressed ; margin folded back ; lower lip
grooved, trifid, subequal. Caps. 2-celled, ob-
lique, opening on one side ; cells 2-seeded.
Seeds cartilaginous, cylindric-oblong, smooth.
408. OROBANCHE. CaL 4— 5-cleft ; segments often
unequal. Cor. ringent. Caps, ovate, acute.
1 -celled. Seeds numerous. A gland beneath
the base of the germen.
409. EPIPHEGUS. Polygamous.— CaL abbreviated,
5-toothed. Cor. of the infertile flower ringent, .
compressed, 4-cleft; lower lip flat : corolla of
the fertile flower minute, 4-toothed, deciduous.
Caps, truncate, oblique, 1-celled, imperfectly 2
valved, opening only on one side,
DIDYNAMIA.
GYMNOSPERMIA.
369. TEUCRIUM. Germander. Labiate.
1. T. cana dense: hoary-pubescent; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, serrate, all petiolate ; stem erect ; spike
verticillate, crowded, long.
HAB. Low grounds. July — Aug. U. Siem 12 —
18 til. high ; bracts longer than the cal. ; fl. purp.
?. T. vireiriicum: pubescent; leaves ovate-oblong, ser-
rate ; the upper ones subsessile ; stem erect ;
spikes verticillate, crowded ; bracts longer than
the calyx.
HAB. Low grounds. June — Aug. U . Pvesem
bles the foregoing, + .
DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA. 233
370. MENTHA. Mint. Labiatce.
1. M. viridis : spikes interrupted ; leaves sessile, lan-
ceolate, acute, naked ; bracts setaceous, and with
the teeth of the calyx somewhat hairy.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. U. Afoot high; leav.
smooth; spik. long ; fl. purp. §.
2. M. canadensis: flowers verticillate ; leaves lance-
olate, serrate, petiolate, hairy ; stamens as long as
the corolla.
HAB. Sandy soils. Aug.— Sept. 14. A foot high;
fl. pale purp.
o. M. borealis : ascending, pubescent ; leaves petio-
late, oval-lanceolate, acute at each end ; flowers
verticillate ; stamens exsert.
HAB. Low grounds. July— Sept. H • Stem 2 ft.
high, hairy backwards.
371. ISANTHUS. Labiatx.
S. cceruleus.
HAB. River shores. July — Aug. © . Viscid-pu-
bes., 1 ft. high; leav. oval-Ian. , acute, 3-nerved :
fl. axill., pedunc, blue.
372. HYSSOPUS. Hyssup. Labiata.
H. nepetoides: spikes verticillate, cylindric ; leaves
subcordate, ovate, acuminate, dentate.
HAB. Woods. July. U . Stem 4—6 ft. high,
pubes. ; fl. yell.-wh., or pale purp.
373. NEPETA. Catnep. Labiatce.
N. Cataria: flowers spiked ; whorls slightly pedun-
culate ; leaves petiolate, cordate, dentate, serrate.
HAB. Fields, &c. June— Sept. i|. . Stem 2—3
ft. high ; fl. ?vh. punc. §.
374. LAMIUM. Dead-nettle. Labiata,
L. umplexicaule : floral leaves broadly cordate, ses-
sile, amplexicaul, crenate, or ia«ised ; lower onc-
petiolate-
U 2
I DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA.
II AB. Cultivated grounds. April — Nov. 0. Stem
6 — 8 in. high, suberect ; Jl. red. §.
375. GALEOPSIS. Hemp-nettle. Labiatm.
G. Tetrahit : stem hispid incrassated between the
joints ; leaves ovate, hispid, serrate ; corolla twice
as Ions as the calyx ; upper lip nearly straight.
HAB. Waste grounds. July — Aug. 0. Stem 1 —
2 ft. high ; Jl. verticilL, purp. §.
G. Ladunum : stem hairy ; internodes not swollen ;
leaves lanceolate, subserrate, hairy ; upper lip of
the corolla slightly crenate.
HAB. Waste grounds. July. ©. A foot high;
pet. very short ; Jl. rose-col. §.
376. STACHYS. Woundwort. Labiates.
, S. hyssopifolia : scarcely pubescent, erect, slender ;
leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, remotely subdent-
ate ; whorls about 4-flowered.
HAB. Meadows. July. U . Stem 6— 10 in. high ;
leav. sublin. ; Jl. purp.
. S. aspera : stem erect, retrorsely hairy ; leaves
subpetiolate, lanceolate, acutely serrate, whorls
about 6-flowered ; calyx teeth divaricate, spiny.
HAB. Fields and wet places July If.. A fool
high ; leav. pubes. ; Jl. purp.
. S. syhatica : leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, sub-
cordate, acuminate ; whorls 6-flowered ; stem re-
trorsely pilose-hispid ; calyx hispid, with lanceo-
late, very acute segments.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U. Stem 1—2 ft. high,
erect ; leav. hairy, obtusely ser. ; Jl. purp.
377. LEONURUS. Motherwort. Labiate.
L. Cardiaca : inferior leaves ovate, 3-lobed ; up-
permost ones entire.
HAB. Waste place?. July— Aug. y. . Stem 2—3
//. high, bran ; leav. spread. ; Jl. vert., red-col. §.
378. GLECHOMA. Ground-Ivy. Labiatm.
G. hederacea : leaves reniform, crenate.
DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA. 23;}
HAB. Hedges, &c. April — June. U . Root creep. :
stem decumb. ; fl. axill., in threes, blue. §.
379. MARRUBIUM. Horehound. Labialce.
yi. vulgare: stem erect; leaves roundish-ovate,
dentate, rugose ; calyx with 10 setaceous, uncinate
teeth.
HAB. Road-sides, &c. Stem 12 — 18 in. high, whi
tishpub. ; leav. woolly beneath. §.
*. Stamens exserted.
1. P. incanum: leaves oblong-ovate, shortly petiolate,
hoary-tomentose ; heads of flowers pedunculate,
compound, lateral and terminal ; bracts setaceous.
HAB. Rocky hills. July— Aug. U. Plant whi-
tish, softt 2 ft. high ; fl. pale red.
2. P. aristatum: leaves lanceolate-ovate, subserrate.
on very short petioles, whitish ; heads sessile :
bracts awned.
HAB. Dry woods. July— Aug. U . Stem 1—2
ft. high; tipper leav. hoary.
'., P. limfolium : stem straight, much branched, some-
what scabrous ; leaves linear 3-uerved, very en-
tire, smooth ; heads terminal, in a fasculate co-
rymb.
HAD. Dry swamps. Aug. i| . Stem 12 — 18 in,
fastt 'g. branch ; fl. minute* wh.
**. Stamens included.
A. P. lanceoiatnm : stem straight, branched, subpu
bescent ; leaves subsessile, linear-lanceolate! en-
tire ; heads sessile, fasciculate-corymbed.
HAB. Dry bilk. Atig. U. Stem 2 ft. high ; leav.
long, nerved; fl. minute, wh.
'. verticillatum : leaves ovate-lanceolate, very en
tire ; whorls sessile, compact ; bracts acuminate
HAB. Mountains. July — Aug. U.
(a i'. tnuticum: leaves ovate-lanceolate, subdentate,
-othish ; heads terminal ; bracts lanceolate, ra-
ther acute.
236 DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA.
HAB. Rocky hills. July— Aug. U . Stem 2 ft.
high; leav. large ; fl. wh.
381. CLINOPODIUM. Wild-basil. Labial*.
C. vulgare : leaves ovate, subserrate ; whorls hairy ;
pedicels branched ; bracts setaceous.
HAB. Rocky woods. July. U . Stem 2 ft. high,
hairy ; leav. petiol. ; fl. purplish.
382. ORIGANUM. Wild marjoram. Labiatce.
O. vulgare: spikes roundish, panicled, fasciculate,
smooth ; bracts ovate, longer than the calyx ;
leaves ovate, entire.
HAB. Fields, &c. June— Oct. %. Stems num.,
I ft. high; fl. rose-col., crowded.
383. DRACOCEPHALUM. Dragon's head. Labiatce.
}. D. virginicum: spikes elongated, crowded; bracts
subulate ; teeth of the calyx short, subequal ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate.
HAB. Mountain meadows. Aug. U • Stem 1 — 2
ft. high, simp., sm. ; fl. spik., purp.
3. D. denticulatum : spikes elongated, with the flowers
remote ; bracts subulate ; teeth of the calyx sube-
qual ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, toothed above.
[HAB. Mountains. June. U. Stem 1 ft. high, sm. ;
leav. subundul. ; fl. purp.
384. PRUNELLA. Self-heal. Labiate.
P. vulgaris : leaves ovate-oblong, petiolate ; upper
lip of the calyx truncate, 3-awned ; stem ascending.
HAB. Meadows. May — Aug. y.. Afoot high,
hairy ; fl. in large ovate spikes, purp.
385. SCUTELLARIA. Skull-cap. Labiata:,
*. Flowers axillary, solitary.
r. S. galericulata : somewhat branched ; leaves cord-
ate-lanceolate, subsessile. crenate ; flowers axil
lary, solitary.
DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA. 237
HAB. Marshes. Aug. U. Stem 12— 18 in. high,
minutely pubes. ; fl. large, blue.
S. gracilis : stem mostly simple ; leaves remote,
broad-ovate, dentate, smooth and sessile, scabrous
on the margin ; upper ones smaller, entire ; flow-
ers axillary.
HAB. Shady rocks. June. U. Stem 8—12 in.
high, slend., erect ; leav. veined ; fl. very small,
**. Flowers racemose.
P. lateriflora: much branched, smoothish ; leaves
on long, petioles, ovate, dentate, sometimes cord-
ate, membranaceous ; racemes lateral, leafy.
HAB. Wet meadows. July— Aug. U. Stem 1—
2 ft. high; racem. long ; fl. small, blue.
S. integrifolia : stem nearly simple, densely pu-
bescent ; leaves subse«sile, oblong, obtuse, cuneatc
at the base, obscurely toothed ; racemes loose,
leafy.
HAB. Swamps. June. V-. Stem 18 in. high ; fl.
large, blue. — Plant very bitter.
S. hyssopifolia : minutely and densely pubescent,
branched ; leaves lanceolate-linear, very entire ;
rare.
HAB. Swamps. June. %. Stem If t. high ; leav.
obtuse ; fl. very large.
S. ovalifolia: nearly simple, pubescent ; leaves re
mote, rhombic-ovate, obtuse, attenuated at the
base into the petiole, rounded-crenate ; racemes
terminal, loose ; bracts lanceolate, entire.
HAB. Rocky woods. July. U. Stem 1^—2 ft,
high ; lower leav. cord. ; fl. large.
S. canescens: branched; leaves ovate, acute, petio
late, acutely toothe-d, under side, with the bracts
and flowers hoary- vi Hose ; lower leaves subcord-
ate ; racemes pedicellate, subpaniculate, axillary
and terminal ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, longer than
the calyx.
IIAB. Woods. July. U. Stem 2—3 ft. high,
leav. large , whitish beneath ; fl. deep blue.
£38 DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA.
386. TRICHOSTEMA. Blue curls. Labiate.
T. dichotoma: leaves rhombic lanceolate, attenuate
at the base, pubescent.
HAB. Dry hills. July — Sept. 0. Plant aroma-
tic.— Stem 6 — 10 in. high, brach. ; fl. blue.
0. linearis : leaves linear, smoothish.
HAB. Sandy fields. Stem viscidly pubescent.
ANGIOSPERMIA.
387. PHRYMA.
P. leptostachya.
HAB. Rocky woods. July — Aug. U. Stem 2 —
3 ft. high; leav. loose, ovate, dent., petiol. ; spikes
very long, slend. ; fl. purp. ; fr. reflex.
388. VERBENA. Vervain. Verbenaceoz.
*. Leaves laciniate.
1. V. hastata : erect ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, in-
cisely-serrate ; inferior ones lobed or subhastate ;
spikes filiform, erect, panicled ; flowers tetrandrous.
HAB. Low grounds. July — Aug. H- . Stem 3 —
5 ft. high ; leav. rough ; fl. purp.
2. V. spuria : stem decumbent, much branched, diva-
ricate ; leaves many-cleft ; spikes filiform, loose ;
bracts longer than the calyx.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. Nov. 0 $. Stem 1 — 2
ft. long ; leav. scab. ; fl. pink.
**. Leaves entire.
3. V. urticifolia : erect, subpubescent ; leaves oval-
acute, serrate, petiolate spikes filiform, loose, axil-
lary and terminnl ; flowers tetrandrous.
HAB. Fields and road-sides. July — Aug. %. Stem
2 — 3 ft. high ; spik. not imbric. ; fl. wh.
4. V. angustifolia : erect, mostly simple ; leaves li-
near-lanceolate, attenuate at the base, remotely
toothed, with elevated veins ; spikes filiform soli-
tary, axillary and terminal.
DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA. 23D
HAB. Rocky hills. July. U • A foot high, hairy ;
leav. rugose ; fl. blue.
389. ZAPANIA. Verbenacete.
I. Z. nodiflora: leaves ovate-cuneiform, serrate above ;
spikes capitate-conic, solitary, on long peduncles ;
stem herbaceous, creeping.
HAB. Banks of rivers. July. U. Stem 6— 8 in.
long; pedunc. jilif. ; head small, blue.
I. Z. lanceolata : leaves linear-lanceolate, acutely ser-
rate ; spikes capitate-conic, on elongated pedun-
cles ; stem herbaceous, creeping.
HAB. Banks of rivers. July. U . Fl. white,
{Blue ?)
390. HERPESTIS. Scrophnlarice.
II. cuneifolia: very smooth; leaves cuneate-obo-
vate, obscurely crenate bove ; peduncles as long
as the leaves.
JIAB. Overflowed banks of rivers. Aug. U . Leav,
thick , fl. minute, pale blue.
391. LIMOSELLA.
L. subulata: leaves linear, very narrow, scarcely
dilated at the apex ; scape 1-flowered, as long as
the leaves.
HAB. Muddy shores. Aug. U. An in. high ; leav,
rad. ; fl. minute, bl. -white.
SCROPHULARIA. Figwort. Scrophularice.
1. S. marilandica: leaves cordate, serrate, acute
rounded at the base ; petioles ciliate below ; pani-
cle fasciculate, loose, few-flowered ; stem obtuse-
angled.
HAB. Woods. July— Oct. U. Stem 2— 4 ft.
high, smooth ; leav. thin ; fl. gr.-purp.
.:. S. lanceolata: leaves lanceolate, unequally and in
cisely serrate, acute at the base ; petioles naked ;
fascicles of the panicle corymbed.
HAB. Woods. Aug. V. Stem 3ft. high, smooth;
leav, rcpand.'Scrr. ; fl. gr.-purp.
240 DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA.
393. BIGNOMA. Trumpet-flower. Bignoniacea.
B. radicans: leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, dent-
ate, acuminate ; corymb terminal ; tube of the co-
rolla three times as long as the calyx ; stem creep-
ing.
' HAB. Banks of rivers. July — Aug. "fo. Stem
climbing by 'radicles ; fl. very large, scarl.
394. RUELLIA.
R. strepens : erect, hairy ; leaves petiolate, lanceo-
late-ovate, very entire ; peduncles 1 — 3-flowered ;
segments of the calyx lanceolate, hispid, half as
long as the tube of the corolla.
HAB. Woods. July. U. Stern 8—12 in. high;
leav. opp. ; JI. axill. and term., blue or white.
395. BUCHNERA.
B. americana : stem simple ; leaves lanceolate, sub
dentate, rough, 3-nerved ; spikes with the flower-
remote.
HAB. Sandy woods. Aug. U. A foot high; leav.
opp. ; ft. blue. — Plant dries black.
396. ANTIRRHINUM. Toad-flax. Scrophularicr,
*. Stems procumbent.
I. A. Elatine : procumbent, hairy; leaves alternate,
hastate, very entire; peduncles solitary, very long.
HAB. Sandy fields. July. 0. Stem 1—2 ft. long ;
pedunc. axill. ; ji. small, bl.-wh. §.
**. Stems erect.
1. A. Linaria : leaves linear-lanceolate, crowded ;
spikes terminal ; flowers imbricate ; calyx smooth,
shorter than the spur.
HAB. Road sides, &c. June— Nov. 1/. Stem 1—
cZft. high; leav. pale-gr. ; JI. yellow.
S. A. canadense: assurgent, smooth, mostly simple;
leaves scattered, erect, linear, obtuse ; flower-
racemose ; scions procumbent.
DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMI A. 24 i
HAB. Wet or dry soils. July — Nov. 0. Afoot
high, very slend. ; fl. very sm., blue.
397. COLLINSIA.
C. verna : leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, obtuse, t\u
inferior ones attenuated into long petioles.
TIAB. River banks. July. 0. Afoot high, mi
nutely pubes. ; pedunc. axill. ; fl. particoloured.
308. GERARDIA.
*. Flowers purple.
1. G. purpurea : stem angular, much branched ; leaves
scabrous linear, long and acute ; flowers subse*
sile ; segments of the calyx subulate.
HAB. Sandy soils and swamps. August — Oct. ©.
Stem 1 — 2 ft. high, slend. ; fl. large, axill.
2. G. maritima : stem angular ; leaves linear, flesh}'.
short, rather obtuse ; flowers pedunculate ; upper
segments of the corolla ciliate ; calyx truncate.
with minute teeth.
HAB. Salt marshes. July — Sept. 0. Stem G
12 in. high ; fl. middle-sized.
.;. G. tenuifolia : much branched ; leaves linear, acute
scabrous ; peduncles axillary, longer than the flow
ors ; teeth of the calyx acute.
HAB. Fields and woods. Aug. — Sept. ©. Slew
0 — 10 in. high ; fl. spread., smooth.
). G. auriculata : subsimple, scabrous; leaves ovat-- .
lanceolate, auriculata at the base, very entire,
sessile ; flowers sessile, axillary.
ilAB. Fields and mountains. Aug. 0. Stem 6
12 in. high ; fl. middle-sized.
**• Flowen yellow.
», (5. flava; pubescent; stem nearly simple; leav. -
sabsessile, lanceolate, very entire or don
the inferior ones incised ; flowers subscssihv
HAB. Woods. Aug.— Sept. M. Stem 2—3 Jt.
fl. large.
. U. glauca : smooth ; stem paniculate ; I<
X
M2 DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
tiolate, pinnatifid ; upper ones lanceolate ; flowers
pedicellate.
HAB. Woods. Aug.— Sept. Stem 3—5 ft. high,
glauc ; leav. pale beneath,
7. G. pedicalaria : stem paniculate, pubescent ; leaves
smoothish, oblong, pinnatifid ; segments uncinate,
serrate ; flowers axillary, pedicellate ; segments of
the calyx leafy, incisely dentate.
HAB. Woods and mountains. July — Aug. U«
Stem 2 ft. high, much branch.
599. PEDICULARIS. Lousewort. Scrophularinte.
1. P. pallida : stem smooth, branched, with pubescent
lines ; leaves subopposite, lanceolate ; pinnati-
fidly toothed and crenate, scabrous on the margin ;
galea of the corolla truncated at the apex ; calyx
bifid with rounded segments.
HAB. Swamps. Sept. U. Stem 1—2 ft. high :
fl. large, straw-yell, and purp.
2. P. canadensis : stem simple : leaves pinnatifid, in-
cisely toothed ; spike leafy at the base, hairy ;
galea of the corolla with two setaceous teeth :
calvx truncate downward.
HAB. Wet meadows. May— July. U . Stem 8—12
in. high; fl. yell, and purp.
». P. gladiata: stem simple ; leaves lanceolate, pinna-
tifid, dentate ; spikes leafy, hairy, with the flowers
alternate ; capsule terminating in a long flat point.
TIAB. Wet meadows. May— June. U . Fl. yell.
and purp. — A var. of No. 2?
400. MIMULUS. Monkey-flower.
J . M. ringens : erect, smooth ; leaves sessile, lanceo-
late, acuminate ; peduncles axillary, longer than
the flower.
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. y. . Stem 2 ft. high,
ang ; fl. large, pale purp.
% M. alatus : erect, smooth ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
acuminate, serrate ; peduncles axillary, shorter
than the flowers; stem quadrangular, winged.
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. H . Stem 2 ft. high :
teeth of the cal. obi. acum.
DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA. -243
401. CHELONE. Shell-flower.
C. glabra : smooth ; leaves opposite, lanceolate
oblong, acuminate, serrate; flowers in dense
spikes.
HAB. Wet places. Aug.— Oct. 4 . Stem 2 ft. high,
simp. ; fl. large, wh. or rose-col.
402. PENTSTEMON.
1. P. pubescens : stem pubescent; leaves lanceolate -
oblong, sessile ; repandly serrulate ; flowers pa-
niculate ; sterile filament bearded above the middle.
HAB. Mountain meadows. June. 4 . Stem 11
ft. high, slend. ; fl. pale purp.
?. P. IcEvigatum : smooth ; leaves ovate-oblong, am-
plexicnul at the base, denticulate ; the inferior
very entire ; flowers paniculate ; sterile filament
bearded above.
HAB. Low stony grounds. July. 4 . Stem 1 — 2
ft. high ; fl. pale purp.
403. MARTYNIA.
M. proboscidea : stern decumbent, branched ; leaves
alternate, cordate, very entire, villous.
HAB. River banks. Au^. — Sept. 0. Stem thick,
viscid-pub. ; fl. large, wh.fpu?ict.
404. SCHWALBEA. Scrophularince.
9. americana.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. Sept. 4. Stem 12 —
18 in. high, simp.; leav. alt. obi. entire ; fl. ra
cem., subsess., dark-pur p.
405. EUCHROMA. Painted-cup. Scrophularince,
E. coccinea : leaves and coloured bracts pinnatifullv
3-cleft ; segments divaricate ; calyx 2-cleft, nearly
equal with tho corolla ; segments retuse and
emarginate.
HAB. Wet meadows. May — June. 4 . Stem G— 1-
in. high; bracts scarl : cor. yell.
14 TETRADYNAMIA.— SILICULOSA.
406. BARTSIA. Scrophularince.
B. pallida: leaves alternate, linear, undivided:
upper ones lanceolate ; floral ones subovate.
slightly toothed at the end ; all 3-nerved ; teeth
of the calyx entire.
HAB. High mountains. Aug. H . Stem pubes.;
Jl. yell., pubes.
407. MELAMPYRUM. Cow-wheat. Melampyracea; .
M. lineare : leaves linear-lanceolate ; the floral
ones with setaceous teeth at the base ; flowers
axillary.
1IAB. Woods. June— July. ©. Stem Z— Win.
high, bran. ; fl.-leav. ovate-Ian.
408. OROBANCHE. Broom-rape. Orobanchecc.
1. O. americana : stem very simple ; imbricate with
oval-lanceolate scales ; spike terminal, smooth ;
corolla recurved, with the stamens exserted.
HAB. Woods. July. U. Stem 4—6 in. high,
very thick, br.-yell., leafless, scaly ; Jl. bract.
.'. O. vniflora: stem very short ; peduncles 2, elonga-
ted, scapiform, 1-flowcred, naked ; scales smooth,
concave ; lobes of the corolla oblong-oval, with a
pubescent coloured margin.
HAB. Woods. May— July. U. Pedunc. 4— 6 in.
long, subpubes. ; Jl. recurv., bl.-wh.
409. EPIPHAGUS. Beech-drops. Orobanchecc.
E. virginiana.
HAB. Beech woods. Sept. U. Leafless, branch
ed, smooth; 8 — 12 in. high; jl. distant ; abort, ones
larger, purplish.
TETRADYNAMIA,
SILICULOSA.
0. CAKILE. Silicle compressed, of 2 single-seedeo
joints ; superior joint with an erect single
TETRADYNAMIA.— SILIQUOSA. 24o
seed ; inferior with a pendulous (sometimes
abortive) seed.
411. THLASPI. Silicle compressed, emarginate, many-
seeded ; valves carinate, (often winged) Fitam.
without teeth, distinct. Cal. equal at the base.
•112. DRABA. Silicle entire, oval or oblong; valves
flat or convex ; cells many-seeded. Seeds not
margined ; cotyledons accumbent.* Filam. with
out teeth.
413. ALYSSUM. Silicle orbicular, or elliptical ; valves
flat, or convex in the centre. Seeds 2 — 4 in
each cell, compressed, sometimes membrana-
ceously winged ; cotyledons accumbent. Cal.
equal at the base. Pet. entire. Stam. mostly
toothed.
414. LEPIDIUM. Silicle ovate or subcordate ; valves
carinate, dehiscent ; cells 1 -seeded. Cotyledons
incumbent.
115. CAMEL1NA. Silicle subovate, many-seeded;
valves turgid. Cotyledons incumbent. Filam.
without teeth.
116. SUBULARIA. Silicle oval, many-seeded ; valves
convex. Stig. sessile. Cotyledons incumbent,
linear, biplicate.
SILIQUOSA.
117. DENTARIA. Silique. lanceolate; valves, flat,
nerveless, often opening elastically ; receptacle?
not winged. Funiculus dilated. Seeds i?i a sin-
gle series, ovate, immarginate ; cotyledons ac-
cumbent.
CARDAMINE. Silique linear, with the margins
truncate ; valves flat, nerveless, often open
ing elastically, narrower than the dissepiment.
Seed not margined, with a slender funiculus.
ARABIS. Silique linear: valves flat, 1 -nerved.
ids in a single row. Cotyledons accumbent
Cal, erect.
* The cotyledons are uccumbent when the back of one of then.
ii applied to the curved radicle : incumbent when the ed^es of
cotyledons arc applied to it.
\ -
246 TETRAD YNAMI A.— SILICULOSA.
420. BARBAREA. Silique 4-edged. Cotyledons ac-
cumbent. Seeds in a single row. Cal. equal at
the base, erect. Shorter filaments with inter-
mediate glands.
■121. NASTURTIUM. Silique subterete, often short ;
valves concave, nerveless, not carinate. Cal.
equal, spreading. Cotyledons accumbent.
422. SISYMBRIUM. Silique subterete. Cotyledons
incumbent, sometimes oblique, flat. Cal. mostly
spreading, equal at the base.
423. HESPERIS. Silique subquadrangular, or ancipi-
tal. Slig. subsessile, of 2 connivent lobes. Co-
tyledons incumbent, flat. Cal. closed, sulcate
at the base.
424. SINAPIS. Silique subterete, 2-valved ; (some-
times of 2 articulations, of which the upper one
is nerveless.) Cotyledons conduplicate. Seeds
globose, in a single row. Cal. spreading.
425. RAPHANUS. Silique valueless. Cotyledons con-
duplicate. Cal. closed.
42G. CLEOME. Cal. 4-leaved, spreading. Pet. 4,
unequal. Stam. 6, unequal, often connected at
the base. Silique stipitate in the calyx.
127. POLANISIA. Cal. 4-leaved, spreading. Pet.
4, unequal. Stain. 8 — 32. Silique sessile in the
calyx.
TETRAD YNAMIA
SILICULOSA.
410. CAKILE. Sea-rocket. Crucifera .
C. maritima : /3. americana : leaves cuneate-oblon^
obtuse, sinuately toothed ; joints of the silicle 1
seeded ; the uppermost ovate, acute.
HAB. Sea-coast. July— Oct. 0. Plant flesh*
heavy, branch. ; fl. purp., corymb.
411. THLASPI. Penny-cress. Crucifera?.
V. ancuse: leaves oblong-sagittate, coarsely tootf.
TETRADYNAMIA.— SILICULOSA. 2^7
ed, smooth ; silicle suborbicular, loDger than the
pedicel ; its wings dilated longitudinally.
HAB. Fields. June. 0. Stem erect, 8 — 12 in.
high ; leav. smooth ; fi. wh.
2. T. tuberosum : leaves rhombic-ovate, obsolete!}
dentate, smooth, sessile ; radicle ones on long pe-
tioles ; stem pubescent ; root tuberous ; silicle
orbicular.
HAB. Pennsylvania. April — May. Stem 4 — 5 iff*
high ; fi. rather large, rosaceous.
3. T. Bursa-pastoris : silicle triangular-obcordate, with-
out wings ; cells many-seeded ; radicle leaves pin-
natifid.
HAB. Pastures, &c. March— Oct. ©. Stem 6—
12 in. high; fi. small, corymb., wh. §.
412. DRABA. Whitlow-grass. Crucifera\
*. Petals entire.
1. D. arabisans : stem leafy, somewhat branched, sub
pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, acutely dentate ;
silicle linear, smooth, longer than the pedicel.
HAB. Rocks. $. Silicle elongated, acuminate,
contorted.
**. Petals bifid.
J, D. rerna : scapes naked ; leaves lanceolate, subin
cised, hairy ; silicle elliptical-oblong.
HAB. Fields and hills. March — May. ©, leav.
all rad. ; scape 2 — 6 in. long ; fi. wh.
'. D. caroliniana : stem leafy at the base, hispid, na-
ked and smooth at the apex ; leaves ovate-round
ish, hispid, entire, hispid ; silicle linear, smooth,
longer than the pedicels.
HAB. Fields. April. 0. Stem 1—2 in. high;
silicle 4 — o in. long ; fi. wh.
. ALYSSUM. Gold-of-PIeasure. Crucifcra.
\ ! dnitatum : stem erect and herbaceous ; ra< i
paniculate ; radical leaves subruncioately denl
-omewhat scabrous; cauline linear-lanceolate,
248 TETRAD YN AMIA.— SILIQJJOSA.
sessile, nearly smooth ; silicle elliptical, pubescem
shorter than the pedicel.
HAB. Rocks. May. U . Stem 6 in. high ; pules,
thin ; style long, persist.
414. LEPIDIUM. Pepper-wort. Cruciferat.
1. L. virginicum : leaves linear-lanceolate, incisely ser-
rate, smooth ; flowers with 2 — 4 stamens ; silicle
orbicular, emarginate ; stem branched above.
HAB. Sandy fields. June— Oct. 0. Afoot high,
panic, above ; fl. minute, wh.
2. L. campestre : cauline leaves sagittate, dentate ;
silicle ovate, winged, emarginate, scaly-punctate.
HAB. Hills. May. 0. Afoot high, erect ; leav.
pules. ; ft. wh.
415. CAMELINA. Cruciferce.
C. sativa : silicle obovate-pyriform, margined, tip-
ped with the pointed style ; leaves subentire, Ian
ceolate, sagittate.
HAB. Hills. June. ©. Stem \\ ft. high, branch. :
ft* yell., corymb.
416. SUBULARIA. Owl-wort. Crucifem.
' S. aquatica.
HAB. Margins of ponds. July. ©. Leav. rad>
subul. ; scape 1 — 2 in. high ; fl. wh.
SILIQUOSA.
4 IT. DENTARIA. Toothwort. Crucifera.
1. D. laciniata: leaves in threes, ternate ; leaflets 3-
parted ; segments oblong, unequally and incisely
dentate ; root moniliform.
HAB. Rocky woods. April — May. Stem 8 in*
high ; root tub. ; ft. purplish.
/S. pinnatifida: leaflets subpinnatifidly laciniate.
.', D. diphylla : stem 2-leaved ; leaflets ternate, sub
ovate, unequally and incisely dentate : root dentate
TETRADYNAMIA.— S1LIQU0SA. 249
IIAB. Woods. May. U . Stem 6—8 in. high;
leafl. large, fl. yellowish.
3. D. heterophylla : stem 2-leaved ; leaves ternate, pe-
tiolate, leaflets liHear, sublanceolate, acute, entire ;
radical leaflets ovate-oblong, incisely and coarsely
toothed.
HAB. Shady woods. June. U. Root tub. ; stem
low ; leafl. ciliate ; fl. purp.
4. D. maxima: leaves numerous, alternate, petiolate ;
leaflets ternate, suboval, incisely dentate ; lateral
ones lobed ; axils without glands ; racemes lateral
and terminal.
IIAB. Woods. U. Stem 1% ft. high; leav. 5—7 :
leafl. very broad ; fl. purp.
413. CARDAMINE. Lady's smock. Crucifercc.
*. Leaves undivided.
1. C. rhomboidea: leaves ovate-rhomboid, obscurely
repand-dentate, smooth ; inferior ones on long
petioles ; root tuberous and fibrous.
HAB. Wet meadows. May— June. U . Stem 8—
10 in. high, subpubes. ; fl. large, wh.
2. C. rotundifolia : leaves suborbicular, nearly entire,
smooth, petiolate ; stem weak, procumbent ; root
fibrous.
HAB. High mountains. July. y. . Siliques spread-
ing, Slend. ; fl. sm., wh.
**. Leaves divided.
3. C. pennsylvanica : smooth, branched ; leaves pin-
nate, often sublyrate ; leaflets roundish-oblong ob-
tuse, angularly toothed ; stem erect ; petals ob-
long-linear.
IIAB. Wet places. May. July. U. Stem. 8 —
12 in. high; term, leafl. large; sil. erect.
0. gracilis : stem slender, weak ; leaves with few
and narrow segments.
IIAB. Wet woods. July. U . Stem subdecumb.
4 — 6 in. long ; fl. minute, wh.
I. C. virginica: smooth, erect ; leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets lanceolate, subauriculate ; stem erect ; siliques
long, straight and erect.
250 TETRADYNAMIA.-SILIQUOSA.
HAB. Moist rocks. May— June. U. Stem 5—8
in. high ; leajl. small, subpubes. ; fl. uh.
5. C ? teres : leaves sublyrate-pinnatifid ; segment?
oval-oblong ; the terminal ones somewhat 3-lobed ;
siliques short, erect, terete.
HAB. Wet places. June — July. tt .
6. C. hirsuta: leaves pinnate, hairy; leaflets of the
radical ones roundish, petiolate ; those of the
upper ones oblong, subsessile ; petals oblong ;
siliques erect.
HAB. Pennsylvania. May. ®.
419. ARABIS. Wali-Cress. Cruciferce.
1. A. sagittata: leaves subdlntate, rough, with the
pubescence often branched ; radical ones ovate or
oblong, attenuated into a petiole ; of the stem lan-
ceolate, sagittate-cordate ; pedicels as long as the
calyx ; siliques straight ;.nd erect.
HAB. Hills. June. 0 $. Stem 1£ ft. high, simp. ,
straight ; Ji. small, wk.
2. A. thaliana : leaves hairy, subdentate ; radical
ones oblong, petiolate ; stem branched, hairy at
the base, siliques ascending ; pedicels much longer
than the calyx.
HAB. Dry hills. April— May. ©. Stem 2—4
in. high, erect; siliq. slend.
3. A. lyrata: stem and upper leaves smooth and glau-
cous ; radical leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, often pi-
lose ; stem branched at the base ; pedicels spread'
ing ; silique erect.
HAB. Rocky hills. April— July. £. Stem 8—
12 in. high ; caul. leav. lin. ; Ji. large.
1. A. laevigata: stem leaves linear, oblong, sagittate,
smooth ; the lower ones subdentate ; radical ones
obovate ; pedicels erect ; siliques very narrow
and long, at length pendulous.
HAB. Rocky hills. May. U. Stem 2 ft. high:
siL 2\ in. long ; root nerved.
4. A. canadensis: stem leaves sessile, oblong-lanceo-
late, narrow at the base, pubescent, pedicles pu-
bescent, reflexed in the fruit ; siliques pendulous,
sub-falcate, nerved.
TETRADYNAMIA.— SILIQUOSA. 251
HAB. Rocky hills. June. U. Stem 2 ft. high;
ped. 3 times as long as cal.
420. BARBAREA. Winter-cress. Cruciferce.
B. vulgaris: lower leaves lyrate ; terminal lobe
roundish ; upper ones obovate, dentate.
IIAB. Old fields. June. U. Stem I— 2 ft. high*
smooth, leav. very sm. ; fl. yell.
421. NASTURTIUM. Nasturtium. Crucifer*.
1. N. officinale: leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate, sub-
cordate, repand.
HAB. In water. June — July. U . Stems decumb.
term, leafl. large ; fl. wh.
2. N. palustre : leaves lyrate-pinnatifid ; lobes conflu-
ent, unequally dentate, smooth ; petals as long as
the calyx ; siliques short, turgid ; root fusiform.
HAB. Wet places. July. ©. Stem U ft. high,
fl. yell. ; pedicel short.
5. N. amphibium : leaves oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid
or serrate ; root fibrous ; petals longer than the
calyx ; siliques elliptical.
HAB. Wet places. June— July. U. Stem 1—2
ft. high ; fl. yell. ; sil. subreflex.
122. SISYMBRIUM. Hedge-mustard. Crucifem.
'!. S. officinale: leaves runcinate, and with the stem,
hairy : siliques subulate, appressed.
HAB. Fields. June— Oct. 0. Stem 1—2 ft.
high, branch. ; fl. minute, yell.
J. S. Sophia: leaves bipinnatc ; segments oblong-li-
near, incised ; petals shorter than the calyx ;
calyx twice as short as the pedicel.
HAB. Sandy fields. July. ©. Stem 8—1.
high ; leav. sm. or pubes. ; fl. yell.
423. HESPERIS. Dame's violet. Crucifercc.
II I pinnatifida : leaves acutely serrate ; superior
ones lanceolate; inferior spinnatifid-Iy rate : pedicel,
at length longer than the calyx.
252 MONADELPHIA.— PENTANDRIA.
HAB. Woods. July. U. Stem lft. high; JL
pale purp. ; pet. entire.
424. SINAPIS. Mustard. Cruciferce.
S. nigra : siliques smooth and even, subquadrangu
lar, appressecl ; inferior leaves lyrate ; upper ones
lanceolate, entire, petiolate.
HAB. Waste grounds. June — July. 0. Stem
2 — 4 ft. high ; upper leav. deflex. ; fi. yell.
425. RAPHANUS. Radish. Cruciferce.
R. Raphanistrum : silique jointed, 1-celled, striate
3 — 8-seeded ; style long ; leaves simply lyrate.
HAB. Fields. June— July. 0. Stem 1—2 ft.
high, hispid ; leav. scab. ; Jl. yell. §.
426. CLEOME. Capparidcs.
0. pentaphylla : smoothish ; leaves quinate ; the
lower and floral ones ternate ; leaflets entire and
subserrulate ; stamens inserted on the pedicel of
the germen.
HAB. Cultivated grounds. July. ©. Stem 2 ft,
high, viscid ; pet, wh., onfilif. clams.
427. POLANISIA. Capparides.
P. graveolens : viscidly pubescent, leaves ternate ;
leaflets elliptical-oblong ; stamens 8 — 12 ; tilique*
oblong, attenuate at the base, muricate with a
glandular pubescence.
HAB. Sandy shores. June. U. Stem 1 ft. high :
Jl. racem., red.-wh. — Plant fetid.
MONADELPHIA.
PENTANDRIA.
428. PASS1FL0RA. Cal. 5-parted, coloured. Pet. 5,
inserted upon the calyx. JVect. a filamentous
crown. Pepo (berry) pedicellate.
MONADELPHIA.— PENTANDRIA.
DECANDRIA.
429. GERANIUM. Cal. 5-leaved, equal. Pet. 5,
equal. Stam. 10; 5 alternate ones longer, with
nectariferous glands at the base. Pericarps 5,
with long awns, united to elongated receptacles,
at length separating elastically from the summit
to the base : awns smooth internally.
POLYANDRIA.
130. SIDA. Cal. 5-cleft, simple, often angular. Style
many-cleft at the summit. Capsules numerous,
arranged circularly, 1-celled, 1 — 3-seeded.
131. ALTHiEA. Cal. double ; the exterior 6—d~
cleft. Capsules numerous, 1 -seeded, arranged
circularly.
432. MALVA. Cal. double .; the exterior mostly 3-
leaved. Capsules numerous, 1-celled, 1-seeded
arranged circularly.
133. HIBISCUS. Cal. double; the exterior many •
leaved. Stig. 5. Caps, 5-celled ; cells many
seeded.
MONADELPHIA.
PENTATSDHIA.
. PASSIFLORA. Passion (lower. Passijlom ,
;. P. lutca : leaves cordate, 3-Iobed, obtuse, smooth ;
petioles without glands ; peduncles axillary, \n
pairs ; petals much longer than the calyx.
HAD. R.tnks of rivers. June — Aug. \\ . Climb.,
slcnd. : jl. small, gr.-yell.
\ P. iwarnaUt : leaves S-lobed, serrate; lobes ob-
long, acute ; petioles with two glands; involu
< rum 3-leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, glandularis
dentate; rays of the nectary longer than th<
rolla.
I1AII. Panks of rivers. Sept. U.tSfcm long, climb.}
pet. a ' '" . n< 'i. purp.
V
?54 MONADELPHIA.— POLYANDRIA
DECANDRIA.
429. GERANIUM. Geraniacece.
1 . G. maculatum : stem angular, erect, retrorsely pu
bescent, dichotomous ; leaves 3 — 5-parted, in-
cised ; radical ones on long petioles ; upper ones
opposite, sessile ; petals entire ; filaments scarcely
ciliate at the base.
I-IAB. Woods. May— June. U. Stem 1—2 ft. high ;
leaves hairy ; fl. large, purp.
2. G. carolinianum : diffuse, pubescent; leaves 5-
parted ; segments 3-cleft ; incised peduncles
crowded, subfasciculate ; petals emarginate, as
long as the awned calyx ; pericarps hairy ; seeds
smooth.
JJAB. Hills and fields. May— June. ©. Stem 12—
18 in. long, much bran. ; fl. small, wh.
5. G. pusillum : leaves subreniform, 7-lobed ; lobes
3-cleft ; petals subemarginate, as long as the point-
less calyx ; pericarps pubescent, not rugose ;
seeds smooth.
HAB. Pennsylvania. May. ©.
I. G. dissectum : diffuse, pubescent; leaves 5-parted ;
segments 3-cleft, linear; petals emarginate, as
long as the awned calyx ; pericarps hairy ; seeds
reticulate.
11AB. Dry hills. June — July. ©. Stem I ft. high,
pubes. ; fl. small, pale red.
">. G. Robertianum : leaves 3 — 5-parted ; segments
pinnatifidly 3-cleft ; petals entire, much longer
than the angular awned calyx ; pericarps small,
reticulate, rugose ; seeds smooth.
II AB. Rocky places. May — Sept. 0. Stem long,
red ; fl. small, pale purp.
POLYANDRIA.
430. SIDA. Indian Mallow. Malvacev.
1. S.spinosa: leaves ovate, lanceolate, dentate, with
the tubercles" at the base spiny ; pedicels axillary.
MONADELPHIA.— POLYANDRIA. 25b
solitary, shorter than the stipules and petioles ;
capsules 5, birostrate.
UAB. Pine barrens. July— Aug. © . Stem 1—2
ft. high, branch.; fl. yell.
S. Kapuza : leaves palmately 5-lobed, smooth ; lobes
oblong, acuminate, dentate ; peduncles many-
flowered ; capsules 10, pointless, acuminate.
HAB. Shady rocky places. July. U . Stem 3 — 1
ft. high; fl. small whi
, S. dioica : leaves palmately 7-lobed, scabrous :
lobes lanceolate, incisely dentate ; peduncles
many-flowered, bracteate, subcorymbed ; flowei>
dioecious ; capsules 10, pointless.
BAB. Stony ground. Oct. U. Stem 4— 5 ft. high.
branch. ; fl. small wh.
, S. Abutilon : leaves roundish-cordate, acuminate,
dentate, tomentose ; pec'-mcle shorter than the
petioles ; capsules 15, truncate, birostrate, hairy.
I1AB. Waste places. July— Aug. © . Stem 2— 5
ft. high; leav. large; fl. orange. §
431. ALTHAEA. Marsh Mallow. Malvacea.
A. officinalis: leaves soft-tomentose, cordate aim
ovate, dentate, entire or somewhat 3-lobed ; pe-
duncles axillary, many-flowered, much shorter
than the leaves.
HAB Borders of salt marshes. Aug.— Sept. U
Stem 2 ft. high; Jl. large, purp. §
432. MALVA. Mallow. Malvacea\
31. rotundifolia : stem somewhat prostrate; leave-
roundish, cordate, obtusely 5-lobed ; fructiferou-
pedicels bent downward, as well as the petioles,
pubescent; corolla twice the length of the calyi
UAB. Waste places. June— Oct. U. Rootfusif,
pedunc. axill. ; Jl. small pink.
433. HIBISCUS. Maha<
. II. Moscheutos : leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate
tomentose beneath; petioles bearing the pedun
llyi tomentose ; capsule sue
256 DIADELPIIIA.— OCTANDRIA.
HAB. Brackish marshes. Aug. U . Stem 3 — bft,
high; fl. large, wh., with a crim. centre.
2. H. palustris : leaves ovate, dentate, somewhat 3-
Jobed, whitish-tomentose beneath, pedicels axil-
lary, distinct from the petioles, articulate above
the middle.
HAB. Borders of salt marshes. Aug. U . Fl.
large, entirely red.
3. II. militoris : leaves 3-lobed-hastate, acuminate.
serrate, smooth ; pedicels articulate in the middle ;
corolla subcampanulate ; capsule ovate, acuminate
smooth ; seeds silky.
HAB. River banks. July. U. Stem 3 ft. high ;
fl. solit., axill.s rose-col.
1. H. virginicus : leaves acuminate, unequally dentate,
subvillose; inferior ones entire, cordate ; supe-
rior 0'<es ovate cordate, 3-lobed ; pedicels longer
than the petioles ; flowers cernuous ; pistils nod-
ding.
HAB. Borders of salt marshes. Aug. H . Stem
3 ft. high ; fl. sin., -purple.
DIADELPHIA.
HEXATSDRIA.
434. CORYDALIS. Cal. 2-leaved. Cor. 4-petalleu
Filam. in 2 sets. Siligue, 2-valved compressed,
oblong, many-seeded.
)35. FUMARIA. Ca/. 2-leaved. Cor. 4-petalled, one
of the petals gibbous at the base. Silicle ovate
or globose, 1 -seeded, not opening.
OCTANDRIA.
436. POLYGALA. Cal. 5-leaved, persistent; 2 oi
the leaflets wingshaped and coloured. Caps.
obcordate, 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds pube4-
eeDt.
diAdelphia.— decandria.
DEGANDRIA.
* Stamens all connected, (monadelphous.)
137. AMOKPHA. Cal. subcampanulate, 5-cleft. Cor
with the vexillum ovate, concave ; wings and
keel wanting. Legume 1 — 2-seeded, falcate.
438. LUPINUS. Cal. bilubiate. Anth. alternately
oblong and roundish. Legume coriaceous, toru-
lose.
139. CROTALARIA. Vexillum large and cordate
keel acuminate. Filam. united, with a dorsal
fissure. Legume pedicellate, turned.
MO. GENISTA. Cal. bilabiate; upper lip with 2
lower with 3, teeth. Vexillum reflexed.
* * Stamens diadelphous.
t Stigma pubescent.
ill. P1SUM. Cal. with the segments leafy, equal,
Vexillum with 2 protruding plaits. Style com
pressed, carinate, villous on the upper side
Suture of the legume naked.
142. LATHYRUS. Style flat, villous on the upper
side, dilated upward. Cal. with the 2 upper
segments shortest.
143. VICIA. Style transversely bearded beneath the
stigma. Cal. with the 3 inferior segment-
straight and longer. Vexillum emarginate.
1 \ 1. ERVUM. Stig. capitate, every where pubescent.
1 1 Stigma smooth.
115. ASTRAGALUS. Keel obtuse. Legume more or
less completely 2-celled ; inferior suture in
flexed.
\ 1 1 Legume mostly 1-seeded. (J\*ot of the preceding
sections.)
MEL1LOTUS. Flowers racemose. Cal. tubu
lar, 5-toothed. Keel simple, shorter than tin
ingt and vexillum. Legume longer than tin
calyx, rugose*
!47, TRIFOLIUM. Flowers subcapitate. Legumt
covered by the calyx, without valv-
VoS DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA.
MS. STYLOSANTHES. Cal. tubular, very long
bearing the corolla. Germen beneath the co
rolla. Lament 1 — 2 -jointed, hooked.
449. LESFEDEZA. Cal. 5-parled ; segments nearly
equal. Arc€Mransversely obtuse. Loment \eu
ticular, unarmed, 1 -seeded.
•; \ 1 1 Legume mostly articulate. (Not of the preceding
sections.)
450. HEDYSARUM. Cal. 5-cleft. foeMransversely
obtuse. Loment of several 1-seeded joints
joints truncate, compressed, mostly hispid.
151. iESCHYNOMENE. Cal. bilabiate. Lomeni
compressed ; one of the sutures straight, the
other lobed ; joints truncate, 1-seeded. Stain
divided into 2 equal sets.
: j t Legume l-celled, many-seeded. (Not of the pre
ceding sections.)
452. PHASEOLUS. Keel, with the stamens and style
spirally twisted. Legume compressed, falcate.
Seeds compressed, reniform.
153. STROPHOSTYLES, Keel, with the stamen*
and style spirally twisted. Legume terete,
somewhat 2-celled. Seeds reniform. nearly cy-
lindrical.
454. APIOS. Cal. subbilabiate, truncate, 1 -toothed
Keel falcate, reflexing the apex of the vexillum.
Germen sheathed at the base. > Legume coria-
ceous, many-seeded.
4j5. AMPHICARPA. Cal. 4-toothed. Pet. oblong :
vexillum with the sides appressed. Slig. capi-
tate. Legume compressed, stipitate, 2 — 4
seeded.
456. GALACTIA. Cal 4-toothed, with 2 bracts at th<
base. Pet. all oblong ; vexillum broad, incum-
bent. Attth. oblong. Stig. obtuse. Germen
on a naked stipe. Legume terete, many-seeded.
457. CL1TORIA. Cal. tubular or campanulate, 5-
toothed. Cor. resupinate ; vexillum large, ex-
panding, covering the wings. Legume linear,
acuminate, many-seeded.
458. PtOBINIA. Cal. campanulate, 4^cleft; uppei
segment 2-cleft. Vexillum roundish, expanded
DIADELPHIA.—HEXANDRIA. 250
and re-flexed. Legume compressed, elongated,
many-seeded. Seeds compressed, small.
459. TEPHROSIA. Teeth of the calyx subulate,
nearly equal. Stam. monadelphous. Legunu
compressed, coriaceous.
460. MEDICAGO. Keel of the cor. deflexed from
the vexillum. Legume compressed, spiral.
DIADELPHIA.
HEXANDRIA.
434. CORYDALIS. Fumariacea,
* Corolla with 1 spur at the base.
1. C. glauca: stem erect, branched; leaves glaucous
decompound ; segments cuneate, 3-cleft ; bract>
linear, shorter than the pedicels ; siliques linear,
HAB. Rocks. May— Aug. ©. £. Stem 8—18
in. high ; rootfusif. ; fl. red and yell.
rl. C. aurea: stem branched, diffuse ; leaves glaucous,
doubly pinnate ; lobes oblong-linear ; bracts lan-
ceolate; siliques linear, 4 times as long as the pe*
dicel.
HAB. Mountains. May. ©. Stem 8—12 in
long ; Jl. small yell.
* * Corolla with 2 spurs at the base.
;. C Cucvllaria: spurs straight, divaricate,- acute
scape naked ; raceme simple.
II AB. Shady rocks. Apr.— May. U. Root bulb. :
leav. 2, decomp. ; jl. large, wh.
!, C. formosa : spurs slightly curved, obtuse ; raceme
naked, somewhat compound ; stigma 2-angled.
IIAB. Shady rocks. May. U. Root bulb.
scape and pedunc. red ; Jl. large, rose-col.
* * * Petals united, spongy.
.. C. fungota: stem climbing; leaves furnished with
tendrils; racemes axillary, corymbose, nodding
corolla bigibbous at the base.
HAB. Rocky hills. July— Aug
decomp. : Jl. num.,Jlcsh-co'
260 DIADELPHIA.— OCTANDRIA.
OCTANDRIA.
436. POLYGALA. Milk-wort. Polygalevt.
P. vulgaris : leaves linear-lanceolate,rather obtuse
stem ascending; calycine wings ovate, obtuse, ;t
little longer than the capsule ; flowers in a termi-
nal raceme.
IIAB. River banks. H . Stems num. ; Jl. blue,
cristate; fructiferous cal. green. +
P. senega: stems numerous, erect, smooth, simple :
leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate ; upper ones
acuminate ; racemes spiked ; calycine wings or-
bicular ; capsule elliptical, emarginate.
IIAB. Woods. June — July. U . Stems 1 ft. high .
leav. pale gr. ; jl. wh.
P. paucifolia : stem simple, erect, naked below ;
leaves ovate ; terminal flowers, large, cristate ;
radical flowers apterous.
IIAB. Woods and swamps. May — June. U« Stem
3 — 4 m. high; leav. acute ; fl. 3 — 4, purp.
P. pohjgama: stems numerous; leaves linear-ob
long ; attenuate downwards ; racemes terminal and
lateral, elongated : flowers sessile ; radical ra-
cemes procumbent, with apterous flowers.
IIAB. Fields. June— July. V. Stems 4— 8 in.
high, angular ; Jl. purp.
V.lutea: stem simple or branched; lower leave-
^pathulate ; upper ones lanceolate ; spike subca-
pitate, obtuse; calycine wings ovate, mucronate :
bracts shorter than the flowers.
IIAB. Swamps in pine barrens. June — Oct. *
Fl. deep yell. ; heads oblong.
P. purpurea: stem fastigiately branched ; leaves al-
ternate, oblong-linear ; spikes cylindrical-oblong ;
flowers beardless ; calycine wings cordate-ovate,
twice as long as the capsule.
IIAB. Wet pine barrens. July — Aug. © . Stem
12—18 in. high; fl. subimbric, rose-col.
P. sanguinea: stem fastigiately branched ; leaver
alternate, narrow-linear ; spikes oblong; flower.
DIADELPHIA.—OCTANDRIA. 26 1
beardless ; calycine wings obovate, as long as the
capsule.
1IAB. Wet meadows. July— Oct. ©. Stem 8—
12 in. high ,• fl. loose, dark rose-col .
3. P. verticillata : leaves verticillate, linear, whorla
remote ; racemes spiked, acute, pedunculate ;
flowers cristate ; calycine wings roundish ; stem
erect, branched.
HAB. Dry hills. July— Oct. ©. Stem very slend..
quadrang. ; fl. small, greenish -zeh.
0. P. ambigua: leaves linear ; the lowest ones verti-
cillate ; the rest scattered ; spikes acute on very
long peduncles; flowers cristate; calycine wings
round and veined, as long as the fruit ; stem erect,
virgately branched.
HAB. Wet woods. ©. Fl. purplish, distinctly
pedicellate.
10. V . fastigiata : stem slender, fastigiate ; leaves al-
ternate, linear, acute ; spikes subcapitate, pedun-
culate ; flowers subcristate; calycine wings
spreading, ovate, acute, scarcely larger than the
capsule.
HAB. New-Jersey. © .
1 f . P. cruciata : stem fastigiate, winged at the angles ;
leaves verticillate in fours, linear-oblong, punc-
tate ; spikes dense, sessile ; flowers subcristate ;
calycine wings cordate, cuspidate.
HAB. Open swamps. Aug.— Sept. 0. Stem
often spreading ; fl. greenish-pur p.
r2. P. brevifolia : stem erect, subfastigiate, winged at
the angles ; leaves verticillate in fours, oblong-
linear, short, sprinkled with resinous dots ;
spikes pedunculate, partly capitate; flowers sub-
cristate ; calycine wings cordate-ovate, acute
scarcely longer than the capsule.
HAB. Sandy swamps. July— Aug. © . Sten
der ; branch, erect; fl. red.
1 I. P. corymbosa: stem simple, angular, corymbose
at the summit, many-headed ; radical leaves spa
thulate-obovate ; cauline subequal, linear ; caly-
cine wings oblong, cuspidate.
HAB. Sphagnooi swamps. Jul) — Aug. Stem \r'
in, high ; fl. yell., dark green when dry.
2G2 DIADELPHIA.—DECANDRIA
DECANDRIA.
•137. AMORPHA. Bastard indigo. Leguminosce.
A. fruticosa /3. emarginuta: smooth, subarbores
cent ; leaves petiolate, eraarginate ; spikes aggre-
gated, long ; calyx hoary, pedicellate, one of the
teeth acuminate, the rest obtuse ; legume few-
seeded.
HAB. New-Jersey? A shrub with spikes of pur}>.
flowers.
438. LUPINUS. Lupine. Leguminosv.
L. peremiis : perennial ; root creeping ; stem and
leaves smoothish ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 8 — 9,
obcuneate, lanceolate, obtuse; flowers alternate ;
calyx without appendages ; upper lip emarginate ;
the lower entire.
HAB. Sandy woods and hills. May — June. Stem
ascend., 12 in. high; leav. digit.; fl. blue.
139. CROTALARIA. Rattle-box. Leguminosce.
. C. sagittalis: hairy, erect, branching; leaves sim-
ple, ovate-lanceolate ; stipules lanceolate, acumi-
nate, decurrent ; racemes opposite the leaves.
about 3-flowered ; corolla smaller than the calyx.
HAB. Sandy fields and woods. July — Aug. ©.
Stem 12 in. high; fl. yell. ; legum. infl., black.
. C. parviflora: hairy, erect, branched ; leaves sim-
ple, linear-lanceolate ; upper stipules decurrent.
with 2 very short teeth ; raceme? opposite the
leaves; corolla smaller than the calyx.
HAB. Sandy fields. June— July. 0. Leaves 2
— 3 in. long ; fl. yell.
440. GENISTA. Broom. Leguminoscz.
G. tinctoria; leaves lanceolate, smooth ; branches
terete, striate, erect, unarmed ; flowers in a leafy
raceme ; legume smooth.
HAB. Dry hills. July. Suffruticose, I ft. high
branches num. : fl. yell., subsess. §.
DIADELPHIA,— DECANDPJA. 263
441. PISUM. Pea. Leguminosaz.
P. maritimum : stem quadrangular, compressed
petioles flat above ; stipules sagittate ; leaflets nu-
merous, subalternate, obovate ; peduncles longer
than the leaves, many-flowered.
HAB. Sandy shores. May— July: %. Plant
pale green ; stem decumb. ; Jl. blue ; leg. hairy.
442. LATHYRUS. Vetchling. Leguminosce.
L. palustris : stem quadrangular, winged ; stipules
semisagittate, large, ovate, mucronate ; leaflets
in 3 pairs, oblong-ovate, mucronate ; peduncles
4 — 6-flowered, rather longer than the leaves.
HAB. Wet thickets. June — July. U . Stem weak:
leav, broad, or narrorv-ovate ; jl, purp.
L. myrtif alius : stem naked, quadrangular; stipule?
semisagittate, lanceolate, acuminate; leaflets 4,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, reticulately
veined ; peduncles longer than the leaves, about
3-flowered.
!IAB. Salt marshes. July — Aug. U. Fl. purp. and
rose-coloured.
L. venosus : stem naked, quadrangular; stipules
semisagittate, ovate, acuminate ; leaflets numer-
ous, (about 5 pairs,) subalternate, ovate, obtuse,
mucronate, veined ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves ; 5 — 10-flowered.
HAB. Mountains. July. U. Leaflets large ; jl.
purp.
4 13. VICIA. Vetch. Leguminosce.
V. sativa : flowers mostly by pairs, sessile ; legumes
erect ; lower leaves retuse ; stipules toothed, or
laciniatc, with a dark spot beneath.
HAB. Rocky shores June. ©. Stem \—'2j(.
long ; leav. pubes. or smooth ; jl. sm., blur.
. V. americana: peduncle- 4 — 10-flowered, shorter
than the leaves; Btipules Beraisagittate, denl
leaflets 8 — 12, elliptical-lanceolate, obi
smo
HAB. Shady thickets. June, li . Stem ion
distant ; Jl. large, purp.
164 DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA.
3. V. Cracca: spikes many-flowered, retrorsely imbri
cate, longer than the leaves; leaflets lanceolate,
pubescent; stipules semisagittate, mostly entire.
HAB. Meadows and thickets. Aug. U . Stem
subpubes.; leav. pinnate; fl. sm.,purp.
I. V. caroliniana: peduncles many-flowered, as long
as or longer than the leaves ; flowers distant ; sti-
pules ovate-lanceolate, entire; leaflets 3 — 10, el-
liptical-lanceolate, rather smooth.
HAB. Rocky hills. May— June. U. Stem long,
climb. ; fl. small, num., white.
444. ERVUM. Tare. Leguminosai.
1. E. hirsutum: peduncles many-flowered; legumes
hairy, 2-seeded ; leaflets linear-oblong, truncate.
HAB. Rocky places, near salt water. May — June.
0. Fl. minute, blue.
2. E. tetraspermum : peduncles mostly 2-flowered
legume smooth, 4 — 5-seeded ; leaves oblong, trun-
cate.
HAB. With the preceding. May — June. © .
Stem very slend. ; fl. minute, blue.
445. ASTRAGALUS. Milk-vetch. Le gummosa.
\» A. carolinianus : caulescent, erect ; leaflets (41) ob-
long, pubescent beneath ; spikes pedunculate ;
bracts lanceolate, as long as the peduncles ; le-
gumes ovate, tumid, rostrate.
HAB. Mountains. June — July. U. Spikes dense :
fl. num., pale yellow.
I. A. canadensis: caulescent, diffuse; leaflets (21,
smooth on both sides ; legume subcylindrical, niu
cronate.
HAB. Barren fields. June. U . Stem c2ft. high ;
legume ovate, tumid? ; fl. yell.
446. MELILOTUS. Melilot. LeguminosdH.
M. officinalis: legumes naked, 2-seeded, rugose:
leaflets ovate-oblong, dentate ; stem erect.
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. ©. $. Stem 2 — 3
ft. high; fl. yell, in long racem. — Plant odor.
DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA. 266
447. TRIFOLIUM. Trefoil. Leguminosoz.
* Legumes 3 — ^-seeded.
1. T. repens: heads umbellate ; legumes 4-seedecL
covered by the persistent corolla ; stem creep-
ing.
HAB. Meadows, &c. May— Oct. U. Stem 6—
12 in. long ; pet. very long ; fl. wh.
Z. T. reflexum : decumbent, pubescent ; leaflets ob-
ovate ; stipules obliquely cordate ; heads many-
flowered ; flowers pedicellate, all at length re
flexed ; legumes mostly 4-seeded.
HAB. Rocky upland. "June. U. Very pubes. ;
fl. in large heads, red.
** Legume \seeded.
t Vexillum deciduous ; {Flowers not yellow.)
3. T. pratense : heads dense, ovate ; lower tooth ot
the calyx shorter than the tube of the monopetal-
ous corolla ; leaflets oval, entire ; stem ascend-
ing.
HAB. Meadows, &c. May— Oct. U. Stem 1— 2
ft. high ; fl. red, frag. §.
I. T. pennsyhanicum : ascending; stem much bran-
ched ; flexuous ; leaflets ovatp-elliptical, obtuse,
very entire ; stipules awned ; spikes ovate-cylindri-
cal, solitary, dense; lower tooth of the calyx shorter
than the monopetalous corolla.
HAB. Woods and fields. June— Sept. U . Fl. red.
>. T. arvense : heads very hairy, oblong-cylindrical ;
teeth of the calyx setaceous, longer than the co
rolla; leaflets villous, nnrrow-obovate.
HAB. Dry fields. June— Sept. 0. Stem 6— 12
in high ; fl. minute, wh. or pink.
tt Vexillum persistent, scarious. {Flowers yellow. )
T. procumbens : heads oval, densely imbricate ;
vexillum sulcate, reflexcd ; stem procumbent
middle leaflet petiolate.
266 PIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA.
HAB. Sandy soils. June. 0. Stem 2 — 8 in-
long ; Uafi. obovate ; fl. brown when old.
7. T. agrarium : erect, subpubescent ; leaflets Ian*
ceolate-cuneate, obtuse ; intermediate one sessile ;
stipules lanceolate, acute ; heads oval, imbricate ;
vexillum deflexed, persistent ; teeth of the calyx
subulate, smoeth, unequal.
HAB. Sandy soils. June. ©. Stem 1 ft. high ; fl.
small.
8. T. campestre : spike ovate, imbricate ; vexillum
deflexed, persistent ; leaflets lanceolate-ovate,
middle one petiolate ; stem sub-diffuse ; branches
decumbent.
HAB. Sandy soils. June. 0.
448. STYLOSANTHES. Leguminoscn.
S. elatior : stem erect, pubescent on one side ; leaflets
lanceolate, smooth, acute ; bracts lanceolate, cili-
ate, 3 — 4-flowered ; loment indurated, 1 -seeded.
HAB. Sandy woods. July— Aug. U. Stem 12
in. high, branch. ; bracts hisp. ; fl. yell.
449. LESPEDEZA. Bush-clover. Leguminosa>.
I. L. frutescens ; stem erect; leaflets elliptical, ob-
tuse, silky-pubescent ; flowers in subcapitate fas-
cicles, shorter than the leaves, conglomerate to-
wards the summit of the stem ; loments hairy,
shorter than the villous calyx.
HAB. Dry woods. Sept. U. Stem 2— 3 ft. high,
hairy ; petiol. short ; cor. wh. and red.
*?. L. angustifolia : stem erect ; leaflets linear-lanceo-
late, hoary, pubescent ; racemes capitate, longer
than the leaves ; corolla longer than the calyx.
HAB. Sandy woods. Sept. U . Stem 2—3 ft.
high ; leav. 2 — 3 lin. broad ; heads sm.; fl. wh.
3. L. Stuvei: stem erect, simple, silky-villous ; leaf-
lets elliptic-oval ; racemes pedunculate scarcely
longer than the leaves, loose ; loments naked,
pubescent.
HAB. Sandy fields, U. Stem 2— 3 ft. high, pu-
hes. soft ; pedunc. 1 in. long ; cor. purp.
DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA. 267
4. L. kirta: erect, branched, very villous; leaflets
roundish ; racemes capitate, axillary, on pedun-
cles longer than the leaves ; corolla and loments
as long as the calyx.
HAB. Dry woods. Aug.— Sept. U". Stem 2— 4
ft. high ; racem. ovate, dense ; fl. reddish-wh.
6. L. sessiliflora : erect, somewhat branched ; leaflet*-
oblong-oval, obtuse ; fascicles of flowers subses-
sile ; axillary ones partly racemose ; loment na-
ked, acute.
HAB. Dry woods. Aug.— Sept. U . Stem 2 ft.
high, slend. ; pet. long ; fl. violet.
6. L. reticulata : stem erect, simple or branched, near-
ly smooth ; leaflets oblong-linear, hairy beneath ;
fascicles of flowers subsessile, numerous ; axillary-
ones sub-racemose ; loment ovate, reticulate,
acute.
HAB. Dry woods. Aug. U . Stem 2 ft. high,
slend. ; leaves 2-lin. broad ; fl. violet.
7. L. violacea : diffuse, much branched ; leaves on
long petioles ; leaflets oval-elliptic, obtuse, sub-
strigose beneath ; racemes setaceous, longer than
the petioles, sub-umbellate ; flowers by pairs, dis-
tinctly pedicellate ; loments rbtoinboidal, reticu-
late, and smooth.
HAB. Dry, woods. Aug. U- Stems long, slend..
nearly procumb. ; fl. violet.
8. L. procumbens : slender, procumbent, every where
pubescent ; leaflets oval ; peduncles very long,
setaceous ; racemes short ; loments suborbicular :
pubescent.
IIAB. Sandy fields and woods. Aug. — Sept. U
Stems 2 — "6 ft. long ; fl. purp.
'. L. prostrata : smooth, prostrate ; leaves on very
short petioles ; leaflets obovate-'eliiptir, obtuse :
racemes axillary and terminal, subpaniculate ;
peduncles very long ; loments oval, subpubescent.
I JAB. Sandy soils. Aug. U. Stem very slend.
branch. ; fl. violet.
450. HEDYSARUM. Sainfoin. Leguminoscc.
L II. canadense : leaves ternate, oblong-lanceolute
>68 DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA,
stipules filiform ; flowers racemed ; joints of the
loment obtusely triangular, hispid.
HAB. Woods. July. U. Stem 3 ft. high ; leav.
3 in. long ; fl. purp. ; bract, long.
I. H. canescens : erect, hairy; stem with ciliate an-
gles, hispid ; leaves ternate, roundish, with ap-
pressed hairs beneath ; stipules ovate, acuminate ;
racemes paniculate ; bracts cordate ; joints of the
loment triangular, hispid.
HAB. Dry barren woods. June — Aug. U . Fl.
pale purp.
t. H. marilandicum : erect, branched, hairy ; leaves
ternate, oblong, subvillous beneath ; stipules sub-
ulate ; racemes paniculate ; loments 3-jointed ;
joints rhomboida). reticulate, a little hairy.
HAB. Dry woods. July — Aug. U . Stem hairy?
above ; petiole long ; pan. loose.
J, H. ciliare : erect, somewhat hairy ; leaves ternate,
approximate, on very short petioles ; leaflets
small, oval, obtuse ; stipules subulate ; panicle
terminal; joints of the loment (2 — 3) semiorbicu-
lar, hispid.
HAB. Dry swamps. Aug. U. Stem 2 ft. high,
slend. ; leav. small, numerous.
5. H. obtusum : stem erect, very slender, smoothish ;
leaves ternate, ovate, obtuse, subcordate at the
base ; stipules subulate ; panicle terminal ; joints
of the loment semiorbicular, reticulate, hispid.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U . Stem 2 ft. high, branch. :
leav. 1 in. long ; lorn. 3-joint.
S. H. viridiflorum : stem erect, branched, scabrous;
leaves ternate, ovate, obtuse, scabrous above, vil-
lous and very soft beneath ; panicle terminal, very
long, naked ; joints of the loment triangular.
HAB. Woods:- Aug. U . Stem 3 ft. high, pubes. :
fl. greenish externally.
7. H. hnmifnsum: stem prostrate, smooth; leaves
ternate ; lea&Vk ternate, slightly hairy ; racemes
elongated ; joints of tne loment subrhomboidal.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U . Leav. subacute; pan.
loose ; joints 4 — 5, hisp.
3. H. rotundifolium : stem .prostrate, hairy ; leaves
ternate, suborbicular, hairy ; stipules cordate.
DIADELPHIA,— DECANDRIA. 269
reflexed ; racemes axillary, paniculate ; joints of
the loment subrhomboidal.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. U . Stem 2—3 ft.
long; leav. large; racem. few-fl.
9. H. paniculatum : erect, smooth; leaves ternate,
oblong-lanceolate, or elliptical, smooth ; stipules
subulate ; joints of the loment (4 — 5) rhomboidal.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U. Stem 3 ft. high, slend.,
striate ; leav. long ; loment large.
10. H. strictum : erect, subpubescent ; leaves ternate ;
leaflets sublinear, smooth, reticulate ; stipules
subulate ; racemes axillary and terminal ; loments
mostly 2-jointed ; joints lunate-triangular, hispid.
HAB. Pine barrens. Aug. U . Stem slender,
branch. ; leav. 2 — 3 lin. broad.
H. H. laevigatum: very smooth ; stem erect, or sub-
decumbent ; leaves ternate, on long petioles,
ovate, acute, subcoriaceous, somewhat glaucous ;
panicle terminal ; bracts ovate, acute, shorter
than the flower buds ; joints of the loment trian-
gular.
HAB. Woods, Aug. U . Petiol. long ; leav,
large ; loment 3 — 5-joint, hisp.
12. H. nudifiorum : leaves ternate, broad oval, acu-
minate, slightly glaucous beneath ; scape panicled.
smooth, radical ; joints of the loment obtusely
triangular.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U. Stem 8— 10 in. high ;
pet. long ; scape 2 — 3 ft. long, slend.
13. H. acuminatum : erect, simple, pubescent ; leaves
ternate, ovate, conspicuously acuminate, a little
hairy ; panicle terminal, on a very long naked pe-
duncle ; joints of the loment roundish.
• HAB. Woods. July— Aug. U. Stem Q— 12 in.
high; pan. 1 — 2ft. long.
14. H. cuspidatum: erect, smooth ; leaves ternate,
ovate, conspicuously acuminate ; stipules lanceo-
late ; panicle terminal; bracts large, ovate, acu-
minate ; joints of the loment subtriangular.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U. Stem 3— 5 ft. high .
leaves andjl. large ; loment 3 — 6 jointed.
H. alpinum 3: erect; leaves pinnate: leaflets
Z 2
270 DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA.
oval-oblong, hairy ; stipules partly sheathing ;
joints nearly round, smooth.
IIAB. Mountains. U . Fl. purp.
451. JESCHYNOMENE. Leguminosce.
.£. kispida : stem erect, and with the petioles, pedun-
cles, and loments hispid ; leaves in many pairs ;
leaflets linear, obtuse ; racemes simple, few-
flowered.
HAB. River marshes. Aug. © . Stem 2 — 3 ft.
high ; leaf., very num. ; fl- yell, and red.
452. PHASEOLUS. Kidney-bean. Leguminosce.
?.perennis: twining, pubescent ; racemes paniculate,
mostly by pairs ; leaflets ovate, acuminate, triply
nerved ; legumes pendulous.
HAB. Dry woods. July. U. Stem long; pan.
6 — 12 in. long ; leg. broad-falcate.
453. STROPHOSTYLES. Leguminosce.
I . S. angulosa : leaves ternate ; leaflets angular, 2—
3-lobed ; flowers capitate, on peduncles longer
than the leaves.
HAB. Rocky banks. Aug. ©. Stem prostrate.
somewhat hairy ; lower leaves entire.
I. S. helvolus: climbing or prostrate ; leaves ternate ;
leaflets oblong-ovate ; flowers capitate, on very
long peduncles.
HAB. Sandy fields. July— Aug. U. Stem branch. •
pedunc. 6 — 8 in. long.
454. APIOS. Leguminosce.
\, tuberosa.
HAB. Shady thickets. July— Aug. U. Root tub. ;
stem twining ; leaves pinnate ; leafl. 5 — 7 ; racem.
axill. ; fl. dark purp.
455. AMPHICARPA. Leguminosce.
i. monoica: leaves ternate, ovate, smooth ; stem hairy ;
racemes of the stem pendulous, petaliferous, ste-
DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA. 271
rile ; radical peduncles, bearing apetalous fertile
flowers.
HAB. Woods and thickets. July— Aug. U . Stem
twin., slend. ; fl. racem., pale purp.
456. GALACTIA. Leguminosce.
1. G. glabella : leaves ternate. ovate, and elliptic, sub'
coriaceous, shining, eraarginate at each end, smooth
above ; racemes pedunculate, as long as the leaves ;
calyx smooth ; legumes pubescent.
HAB. Pine barrens. Aug. U. Stem prost. ; fl.
reddish-pur p., large.
2. G. mollis: plant villous-hoary; leaves ternate, oval or
elliptic, pale beneath; racemes axillary, simple,
elongated, few-flowered ; legumes villous.
HAB. Pine barrens. July — Aug. U. Fl. ptirp.,
with yell, and white.
457. CLITORIA. Leguminosce.
\. C. mariana: leaves ternate, ovate, acute, pale be-
neath ; calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-cleft, much
longer than the linear bracts ; legume torulose.
HAB. Shady river-banks. Aug. U . Erect or
twin. ; fl. large, pale blue.
2. C. virginiana : leaves ternate, ovate ; calyx 5-parted,
scarcely as long as the bracts ; segments subulate,
diverging ; legumes subensiform.
HAB. Hedges. Aug. H . Stern twirling ; fl. very
large, pale violet.
458. ROBINIA. Locust. Leguminosce.
11. Pseudacaria : leaves pinnate, with an odd leaflet ;
stipules prickly ; racemes pendulous ; teeth of the
calyx unarmed ; legumes smooth.
HAB. About plantations. May. A large tree ; fl:
large, wh. in ! mg roc em.
. TEPIIKOSIA. Leguminosce.
T. virginica : erect, villous; leaflets numerous, ob
long-lanceolate, acuminate ; raceme terminal, sub
sessile ; legumes falcate, villous
272 SYNGENESIA—JEQJUALIS.
HAB. Dry woods. July. U . Stem 12 in. high .
leav. pale gr. ; fl. wh. andpurp.
460. MEDIGAGO. None such. Leguminosae.
M. lupulina: spikes ovate; legumes reniform, 1-
seeded. veined and rugose ; stems procumbent.
HAB. Fields, &c. May— Oct. Q. Stems diffuse ;
spikes small, yell.
SYNGENESIA.
JEQTJALIS.
*' Florets all ligulate.
461. C1CHOR1UM. Cal. surrounded with ieaiy
scales. Recept. somewhat chaffy. Pappus
plumose, sessile, unequal.
462. APARGIA. Cal. imbricate. Recept. naked
punctate. Pappus plumose, sessile, unequal.
463. LEONTODON. Cal. imbricate, with flaccid
scales. Recept. naked. Pappus simple, stipi-
tate.
464. PRENANTHES. Cal. surrounded with leafy
scales, Florets few, (5—20.) Recept. naked.
Pappus simple, subsessile.
465. LACTUCA. Cal. imbricate, cylindrical; scales
membranaceous at the margin. Recept. naked.
Pappus simple, stipitate.
466. SONCHUS. Cal. imbricate, swelling at the
base. Recept. naked. Pappus simple, sessile.
467. HIERACIUM. Cal. imbricate, ovate. Recept.
nearly punctate. Pappus simple, sessile.
468. KR1G1A. Cal. many-leaved, simple. Recept.
naked. Pappus double ; exterior 5 — 3-leaved ;
interior of 5, 8, or 24 scabrous bristles.
* * Florets all tubular, forming a hemispherical head.
469. ARCTIUM. Cal. globose, with the scales hook-
ed at their extremity. Recept. chaffy. Pappus
setaceous-chaffy.
470. ONOPORDON. CaJ. ventricose, imbricate with
SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 275
spreading spinous scales. Recept. pitted. Pap-
pus capillary, deciduous, scabrous.
471. CNICUS. Cal. ventricose, imbricate with spi-
nous scales. Recept. hairy. Pappus decidu-
ous, plumose.
472. LIATRIS. Cal. oblong, imbricate. Recept. na-
ked. Pappus plumose, persistent, (mostly co
loured.) Seed pubescent, striate, obconic.
473. VERNONIA. Cal. ovate, imbricate. Stig. bi-
fid. Pappus double ; exterior short and chaffy ;
interior capillary.
* * * Florets all tubular, erect, forming a nearly
level top.
474. KUHNIA. Cal. imbricate, cylindric. Recept.
naked. Pappus plumose, sessile. Seed pubes-
cent with numerous striae.
475. EUPATORIUM. Cat. imbricate, oblong. Style
much exsert, deeply cleft. Recept. naked.
Pappus scabrous. Seed 5-Btriate, or angular.
476. MIKANIA. Cal. 4— 6-leavecI, 4— 6-flowered.
Recept. naked. Pappus hairy.
477. CHRYSOCOMA. Cal. imbricate, oblong or he-
mispherical. Style scarcely exserted. Recept,
naked. Pappus hairy, scabrous. Seed pubes-
cent.
478. CACALIA. Cal. cylindric, scaly at the base.
Recept. naked. Pappus hairy.
479. SPAKGANOPHORUS. Cal. subglobose, imbri-
cate ; scales recurved at the point. Recept.
naked. Seed crowned with a cartilaginous
shining cup.
SUPERFLUA.
* Florets of the ray obsolete.
480. TANACETLIM. Cal. imbricate, hemispherical ;
scales acuminate. Rays oi" the corolla obsolete,
tritiil. Recept. naked. Pappus somewhat mar-
gined.
161. ARTEMISIA. Cal. ovate, imbricate; scales
rounded, connivent. Florets of the ray subu-
late. Recept. subvillous or naked. Pappus 0
274 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.
482. BACCHARIS. Cal. imbricate, cylindric ; scales
ovate, subcoriaceous. Fertile florets mixed
with the perfect. Recept. naked. Pappus
hairy.
483. CONYZA. Cal. imbricate ; scales often sub-
scarious. Recept. naked. Marginal florets fer-
tile, 3-cleft. Pappus simple and capillary.
484. GNAPHALIUM. Cal. imbricate ; scales scari-
ous, mostly coloured. Recept. naked. Florets
of the ray subulate ; fertile florets entire. Pap-
pus scabrous.
* * Florets of the ray ligulate.
485. ER1GERON. Cal. imbricate, subhemisphericaL
Florets of the ray very numerous and narrow.
Recept. naked. Pappus double ; exterior mi-
nute ; interior hairy, of few rays.
486. INULA. Cal. imbricate. Florets of the ray nu-
merous, (yellow.) Recept. naked. Pappus sim-
ple, scabrous ; (sometimes with a minute exte-
rior chaffy pappus.)
487. ASTER. Cal. imbricate, with the lower scales
often spreading. Florets of the ray generally
more than 10, rarely fewer, (not yellow.) Re-
cept. naked. Pappus simple.
488. SOLIDAGO. Cal. imbricate, scales connivent.
Florets of the ray about 5, (yellow.) Recept.
naked. Pappus simple, scabrous.
489. ARNICA. Cal. hemispherical ; leaflets equal,
longer than the disk. Recept. naked. Pappus
simple, hairy. Florets of the ray (yellow) of-
ten destitute of anthers.
490. SENECIO. Cal. subcylindric, equal, scaly at
the base ; scales withered at the points. Re
eept. naked. Pappus simple. (Rays sometimes
wanting.)
491. TUSS1LAGO. Cal. simple, equal, membrana-
ceous, swelling. Recept. naked. Pappus sim-
ple, sessile. (Flowers mostlv discous.)
492. BOLTONIA. Cal. imbricate. Rays numerous.
Recept. conic, punctate. Seeds flat and sub-
marginate. Pappus consisting of many minute
SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA. Fib
bristles, with 2 of them opposite, and mostly
elongated.
493. CHRYSANTHEMUM. CaL hemispherical, im-
bricate ; scales with membranaceous margins.
Recept. naked. Pappus 0.
494. VERBESINA. CaL many-leaved ; leaflets dis-
posed in a double series. Rays about 5. Re-
cept. chaffy. Pappus 2-awned.
195. ANTHEM1S. CaL hemispherical ; scales near-
ly equal, with scarious margins. Recept. con-
vex, with flat rigid chaff. Seed crowned with a
membranaceous border.
196. ACHILLEA. CaL ovate, imbricate, unequal.
Rays 5 — 10, roundish-obcordate. Seeds without
pappus or border.
197. HELIOPSIS. CaL imbricate ; scales suborate,
lined. Rays large and linear. Recept. chaffy,
conic ; chaff lanceolate. Seed quadrangular.
Pappus 0.
490. HELENIUM. CaL simple, many-parted. Rays
3-cleft. Recept. naked, globose, chaffy on the
margin. Seed villous. Pappus of 5-awned
scales.
FRUSTRANEA.
199. HELIANTHUS. Cat. imbricate, subsquarrose..
leafy. Recept. chaffy, flat. Pappus chaffy, 2-
leaved, caducous.
500. RUDBECKIA. CaL subequal, mostly double.
Recept. conic, chaffy. Pappus a 4-toothed mar
gin.
501. BIDENS. CaL subequal, leafy or scaly at the
base. Rays often wanting. Recept. chaffy, flat.
Pappus consisting of 2 — 4 retrorsefy scabrous
awns. Seed quadrangular.
.02. COREOPSIS. CaL double ; each many-leaved ;
the interior equal, subcoriaceous and coloured.
Recept. chaffy ; scales flat. Seed compressed,
emarginate, bidcntate.
503. ACTINOMERIS. CaL simple, many-leaved,
foliaceous, subequal. Rays remote, elongated,
(4—8.) Recept. small and chaffy ; the leaflet?
*76 SYNGENES1A.— mqjOAUS.
embracing the margin of the seed. Seed com-
pressed, margined, crowned with 2 persistent
awns.
NECESSARIA.
504. SILPHIUM. Cal. squarrose ; scales broad and
leafy. Recept. chaffy. Seed flat, obcordate,
emarginate, bidentate.
505. POLYMNIA. Cal. double ; exterior 4—5-
leaved ; interior 10-leaved ; leaflets concave.
Recept. chaffy. Pappus 0.
506. IVA. Cal. about 5-leaved, or 5-parted. Florets
of the ray 5. Recept. hairy. Seed obovate:
naked.
SEGREGATA.
507. ELEPHANTOPUS. Partial Cal. 4-flowered.
Florets 5-cleft. ligulate, perfect. Recept. naked.
Pappus setaceous.
SYNGENESIA.
^EQUALIS.
461. CICHOR1UM. Succory. Composite*.
C. Intybus : flowers axillary, sessile, in pairs ; leaves
runcinate.
HAB. Fields. July—Sept. U. Stem 2— 3 ft.
high, branch., rough ; fi. large, bl. §.
462. APARGIA. Composite.
A. auiumnalis : scape branching ; peduncles squamose ;
leaves lanceolate, dentate or pinnatitid, smoothish ;
calyx elongated.
HAB. Fields, &c. June — Nov. U . Leav. rad. }
scape spread., assurg. ; fl. yell, §.
SYNGENESIA.— ^QUALIS. 277
463. LEONTODON. Dandelion, Composite.
L. Taraxacum : exterior scales of the calyx reflexed *,
leaves runcinate, smooth, dentate.
HAB. Pastures, &c. April— Nov. U. Smooth;
leav. rad. ; fl. large , yelU
464. PRENANTHES. Composite.
. P. alba : radical leaves angular-hastate, somewhat
lobed ; stem-leaves roundish-ovate, dentate, petio
late ; racemes panicled, nodding ; calyx 8-cleftj
9 — 12-flowered.
HAB. Low woods. Aug.— Sept. U . Stem 2 —
3 ft. high ; Jl. white or pur p.
u. serpentaria : radical leaves palmate-sinuate ;
those of the stem on long petioles, with the mid-
dle segment 3-parted.
HAB. Mountains. Aug. — Sept. FL purp.
8, nana: stem low ; lower leaves 3-parted ; middle
ones hastate ; upper ones ovate or lanceolate ;
sometimes all are entire.
II AB. High mountains. Aug. Stem 4 — 15 in.
high; fl. purp., often erect.
I, P. altissima : stem branched ; leaves 3-lobed, petio-
late, angular, denticulate, scabrous on the margin ;
racemes axillary ; flowers nodding ; calyx about
5-flowered.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U. Stem 3- 5 ft. high;fl.
yellowish.
\. P. cordata : stem paniculate above ; leaves petio-
late, cordate, denticulate, ciliate ; the uppermost
ones sessile, oblong, entire ; flowers racemose, in
a loose panicle, nodding ; calyx G-cleft, 6-flowered.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. U. Stem 3 — 4 ft.
high ; fl. yellowish.
k. P. virgata : smooth ; stem simple ; leaves all lyrate
sinuate ; flowers subsecund, pendulous ; cafyl
smooth, 8-cleft, 10-flowered.
HAB. River banks. Sept. U . Stem S— 4 ft.
high, slcnd. ; fl. purp.
.. P. racemosa : stem simple; leaves ill undivided,
tmoothish ; radical ones oral -lanceolate, deol
A a
278 SYNGYNESIA.— JEQ.UALIS.
late ; radical ones closely sessile ; raceme oblong ;
flowers in nodding fascicles ; calyx very hairy.
8 — 9-parted, 9 — 12-flowered.
HAB. Swamps. Aug.— Sept. U. Stem 2 ft. high ;
fl. purp.
465. LACTUCA. Lettuce. Composite.
1. L. elongata: leaves smooth ; the lower ones runci*
nate, amplexicaul ; upper ones lanceolate, sessile ;
flowers paniculate.
HAB. Wet woods. U. £. July— Aug. Stem 4— 6
ft. high ; pan. large, loose ; fl. yell.
?. L. hirsuta : lower part of the stem and leaves hairy ;
radical leaves lyrate ; segments truncate, subden-
tate; upper ones partly runcinate-pinnatifid ; flow-
ers in racemes.
HAB. Pennsylvania. Aug. U . Fl. yell, and purp.
3. L. intcgrifolia : leaves sagittate, entire, unarmed.,
amplexicaul ; flowers panicletl.
HAB. Roadsides. July. $. Stem 3—4 ft. high,
smooth ; fl. yell.
1. L. sanguinea: leaves amplexicaul, runcinate, glau-
cous beneath; with the midrib filamentous ; flowers
panicled.
HAB. Woods. July— Aug. $? Stem 2—3 fl
high, purp. ; cal. purp. ; fl. crim.
466. SONCHUS. Sow-thistle. Composite.
1. S. oleraceus : peduncles tomentose ; calyx smooth
leaves runcinate, dentate.
HAB. Waste places. July— Sept. ©. Stem
2 — 3 ft. high, hollow ; fl. yell. §.
\ S. arvensis: peduncles and calyx hi?pid, sub umbel-
late ; leaves runcinate, denticulate, cordate at the
base ; root creeping.
HAB. Banks of rivers. U. Stem % ft. high:
glandular-hairy ; fl. large, yell. §.
). S. leucophccus : peduncles squ;»mo>e; flowers race-
mose ; leaves runcinate, acuminate ; stem virgate
and panicled.
UAB. Swamps. Sept. U-6*- Stem 2 ft. high :
fl. yellowish.
SYNGENESIA— JEQ.UALIS. 279
4. S. acuminatus : peduncles subsquamose ; flowers
paniculate ; radical leaves subruncinate ; cauline
ones ovate, acuminate, petiolate, denticulate in the
middle.
HAB. Woods. Aug. $ . Stem 4— 5 ft. high ; fl.
small, blue.
5. S. pallidus : raceme compound, terminal ; leaves
lanceolate-ensiform, amplexicaul, dentate.
HAB. Fields. July. U . Stem 2—3 ft. high ;
fl. small, yell.
6. S. Jloridanus : peduncles subsquamose ; flowers pa-
niculate ; leaves lyrate-runcinate, minutely den
tate, petiolate.
HAB. Roadsides. Aug. $. Stem 3—5 ft. high :
pan. long ; fl. sm., blue.
7. S. macrophyllus : peduncles hairy, naked ; flowers
paniculate ; leaves lyrate ; cordate at the base,
hairy beneath.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U. Stem 4 — 7
ft. hi%h ; fl. large, blue.
8. S. spinulosus : leaves amplexicaul, oblong, undu-
late, spinulose ; flower* somewhat umbelled.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. @. Stem 2 ft. high;
pedun. smooth, or subpilose ; fl. yell.
467. HIERAC1UM. Hawk-weed. Composite.
1. H. venosum: ?cape naked, paniculate, smooth;
leaves obovate-lanceolate a little hairy above,
naked beneath, ciliate ; the veins coloured ; calyx
smooth.
HAB. Woods. July— Aug. U. Scape 1— 2 ft.
high ; leav. rad. ; fl. yell.
\\. Gronovii : scape leafy, paniculate : calyx glandu-
lar-hairy ; leaves obovate, obtuse, entire, strigose ;
midrib beneath very villous.
IIAB. Dry hills. Aug.— Sept. U. Stem 2 ft.
high, nearly naked ; pedicels gland.
'. II. pamcutatum : smoothish ; stem erect, lenfy,
whitish tomnntose ; pedicels capillary ; leaves lan-
ceolate, naked, dentate, membranaceous.
HAB. Wood-. Ann;.— Sept. U. Stem 1 ft. high .
leav. smooth; pedicels long.
2S0 SYNGENESIA.~-yEQ,UALIS.
4-. H.Kalmii: stem erect, subvillose ; leaves sessile
lanceolate, acuminate, acutely and divaricately
dentate ; panicle subcorymbose ; pedicels to-
mentose.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. U. SltmZft. high ;
pedicels thick,
■). H. marianum : stem erect, villous ; leaves obovate
or elliptic, strigose and hispid, villous on the mid-
rib ; the lower ones slightly dentate; pedicels
and calyx tomentose.
HAB. Sandy hills. Aug.— Sept. Stem 2 ft. high .
•pan. dense ; ped. gland.
468. KRIGIA. Composites.
1. K. virginica : glaucous; primary leaves roundish
entire; the rest lyrate, nearly smooth; scape 1-
flowered, smooth, at length longer than the leaves ;
calyx smooth.
HAB," Sandy soils. May — July. 0. Scape 1—6
in. high ; fl. sm., orange.
2, K. amplexicaulis : glaucous ; leaves oblong-ovate ;
radical ones subdentate, spathulate; scape some-
what leafy, often bifid ; branches 2 — 3-flowered ;
pappus with many bristles.
HAB. Woods. June. U. Stem 1 ft. high ; pe*
dune, elong. ; fl. large, orange.
469. ARCTIUM. Burdock. Composite/*.
A. Lappa : leaves cordate, petiolate, without
prickl-es.
HAB. Road sides, &c. July — Dec. U. Leai\
large, spread. ; fl. term., purp. §.
HO. ONOPORDUM. Cotton Thistle. Composite
O. Acanthium: scales of the calyx spreading, subu-
late ; leaves ovate-oblong, decurrent, sinuate and
spinous, woolly on both sides.
HAB. Waste places. July. £ . Plant white and
woolly ; fl. large, solit., purp. §.
SYNGENESIA.— .EQUALIS. 281
471. CNICUS. Thistle. Composites.
* Leaves decurrent.
1. G. lanceolatus : leaves decurrent, pinnatifid, hispid ;
the segments divaricate and spinous ; calyx ovate,
tomentose ; scales lanceolate, spreading.
HAB. Waste places. July— Sept. £. Stem 2 — 1
ft. high; leav. toment. beneath. §.
* * Leaves sessile.
2. C. altissimus: leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate.
scabrous, tomentose beneath, dentate, ciliate;
radical ones pinnatifid ; calyx ovate, bracteate ;
scales ovate-lanceolate, spinous, appressed.
HAB. Old fields. June— Sept. U . Stem 3—8
ft. high; fi. subsolit., large, purp. or wh.
3. C. arvensis : leaves sessile; pinnatifid, spinous;
stem paniculate ; calyx ovate or globose ; scales
ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, appressed.
HAB. Road sides, kc. July. U . Root creep. ;
stem 2 — 3 ft. high; fi. sm.} purp. § ?
4« C. horridulus : leaves sessile, pinnatifid, acutely
laciniate, very spinous, woolly beneath; involu
crum many-leaved, 1-fiowered, scales acute.
HAB. Fields. June— Aug. $. Stem 1—2 ft.
high ; fi. axil, and term., large, yeilozvish.
>. C. muticus: leaves all pinnatifid, woolly beneath :
segments spinulous, somewhat acute ; branches
naked, 1 -flowered ; calyx globose ; scales unarmed,
HAB. Meadows. Aug. — Sept. g. Stem subsimp..
3 — 4 ft. high ; cal. woolly.
«j. C. discolor: leaves sessile, lanceolate, pinnatifid.
smooth above, white and tomentose beneath ; seg-
ments 2-lobed, spinous; calyx subglobose ; scales
appressed, with reflexed points.
HAB. Thickets. July— Sept. $ . Stem 3—5
ft. high, much branch. ; fi. red. -purp.
7. C. xirginianus: stem simple, attenuated, mostly 1-
tlowered ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, hoary and
tomentose beneath, very smooth above, remotely
dentate ; teeth spinous ; calyx ovate ; scales im-
pressed, with short points, carinatc.
A a 2
282 SYNGENESIA.— jEQUALIS.
HAB. Woods. June. U. Stem 3—5 ft. high ,
slend. ; cal. glutin. ; fl. purp.
3. C. pumilus : stem hairy ; leaves amplexicaul, green
on both sides, oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid ; seg-
ments irregularly lobed, ciliate and spinous; calyx
subglobose, naked; scales appressed, spinous.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. $. Stem thick, 1 ft.
high; fl. few, large, purp.
9. C. glutinosus: leaves pinnatifid, with divaricate seg-
ments ; calyx ovate, with unarmed glutinous scales.
HAB. Damp soils. Aug. — Sept. £. Stem 4 — 6
ft. high ;fl. small, purp. ; cal. webbed.
472. LIATRIS. Composite.
i. L. squarrosa : stem simple, pubescent; leaves linear;
very long ; raceme few-dowered, leafy ; calyx
large, about 20-flowered ; scales leafy, lanceolate.,
mucronate, rigid and spreading ; segments of the
florets linear, villous internally.
HAB. Dry woods. Sept. U . Root tub. ; stem
2 — 3 ft. high ; fl. few, very large.
2. L. scariosa : stem erect, hairy; leaves lanceolate.
pubescent, scabrous along the margin ; raceme
long; calyx 14-flowered ; scales obovate, nearly
smooth, with the margin scarious ; the lower ones
spreading.
HAB. Sandy hills and woods. Sept. ty. Stem
3 — 4 ft. high ; fl. num., large,
3. L. spicata : leaves linear, entire, smooth, ciliate ai
the base, nerved and punctate ; raceme spiked .
scales of the calyx linear, obtuse.
HAB. Moist meadows. Aug. U . Stem 3—5 /L
high, smooth; cal. S-fl.
4. L. pilosa : stem simple, pubescent ; leaves linear.
hairy, ciliate ; flowers racemose, loose ; scales of
the calyx oblong, obtuse ; pedicels bracteate.
HAB. Pine barrens. Sept.— Oct. U. Root bulb,
stem. sle7uh; fl. small.
473. VERNONIA. Composite.
1. V. noveboracensis : leaves numerous, lanceolate,
scabrous, serrulate ; corymb fastigiate ; scales of
the calyx AJiform at the extremity.
SYNGENESIA.-vEQJJALIS. 283
IIAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Oct. U . Stem 4 — 0
ft. high; jl. large, purp.
2. V. prozalta: stem angular, densely pubescent;
leaves numerous, lanceolate, acutely serrate, pu-
bescent beneath; corymb fastigiate ; scales of the
calyx ovate, acute, unarmed.
HAB. Meadows. Aug.— Oct. U. Very tall ; fl.
purp*
474. KUHNIA. Composites.
1. K. eupatorioides : smooth ; leaves petiolale, broad-
lanceolate, serrate, corymb terminal, few-flow-
ered, crowded.
HAB. Shady woods. Aug.— Sept. % . Stem 2—3
ft. high: fl. vtfh.i cal. 10-/.
2. K. Critonia: leaves linear, nearly entire, punctate
beneath ; panicle long, expanding.
IIAB. Rocky banks. Sept. U. Stem slend..
striate, pubes. ; fl. wh. ; seed striate.
Alb. EUPATORIUM. Hemp Agrimony. Composite*.
* Calyx 3 — 5-flowered.
1. E. hyssopifolium : stem erect; lowest leaves oppo-
site, linear, very entire or subdentate, pubescent.
3-nerved; corymb subfastigiate; style much longer
than the corolla.
JIAB. Pine barrens. Aug. U . Stem 2 ft. high .
leav. punc ; fl. wh.
2. E. linearifolium : stem subprocumbent, villouV
above ; stem-leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear,
rarely dentate, sometimes fasciculate ; style as
long as the corolla.
UAB. Sandy fields. Aug.— Nov. U. Stem 1—%
ft. high, subviscid; fl. wh.
\ E. sessilifolium : leaves sessile, amplexicaul, dislincr
ovnte-lanceolate, rounded at the base, ver\
smooth; stem smooth.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. — Sept. U. Stem '-'
ft. high; leav. large; fl. wh.
A. E. truiKatum : leaves sessile, amplexicaul, distinct,
284 SYNGENESIA.— jEQJJALIS
lanceolate, truncate at the base, serrate, nearly
smooth ; stem pubescent.
II AB. Rocky woods. July — Oct. H. Leav. punci..
coarsely serrate; fl. wh.
5. E. album: leaves subsessile, oblong-lanceolate,
scabrous, serrate ; interior scales of the calyx
long, scarious, and white.
HAB. Pine barrens. Sept.— Oct. U . Stem 18
in. high, slend., pubes. , cal. gland.
Q. E. lance.olatum: leaves sessile, distinct, oblong-
lanceolate, scabrous, deeply serrate at the base ;
scales of the calyx of one colour.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Nov. Fl. white.
7. E. teucrifolium : leaves sessile, distinct, ovate, sca-
brous, coarsely serrate at the base ; uppermost
ones entire.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. H. Stem 2
ft. high ; leav. subamplex. ; fl. wh.
3. E. melissoides : leaves petiolate ovate, rather obtuse,
serrate, veined, smoothish.
HAB. Pennsylvania. U . Fl. wh.
9. E. rotundifolium : leaves sessile, roundish-cordate.
obtusely serrate, veined ; scales of the calyx acu-
minate.
HAB. Sandy fields. Sept.— Oct. H. Stem 18
in. high ; leav. large ; fl. subfastig.
10. E. pubescens : leaves sessile, distinct, ovate, sca-
brous, veined ; the lower ones doubly serrate ;
tipper ones subserrate ; stem paniculate, pubes-
cent ; branches fastigiale.
HAB. Sandy woods. Aug. — Oct. H . Branched:
leav. acute ; fl. wh.
H. E. ceanoihifulium : leaves petiolate, ovate, acumi-
nate, dentate, triply nerved, smooth.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. — Nov. U- . Stem2fl.
high ] leav. large ; fl. wh.
12. E. ovatum: hairy, scabrous ; leaves opposite, ses-
sile ; ovate, obtusely dentate ; corymb fastigiate :
calyxes about 8-flowered.
HAB. Low grounds. July— Aug. H . Stem 3 — 4
ft. high ; fl. wh. ; cal. hairy.
13. E. altissimum: leaves subsessile, lanceolate, 3-
SYNGENESIA.— jEQUALIS. 235
nerved, attenuate ?t each end, pubescent ; the in-
ferior ones serrate about the middle.
HAB. Sandy woods. Aug.— Oct. U . Stem 3—7
ft. high ; Jl. white.
14. E. amcenum : leaves on short petioles, opposite and
ternate, lanceolate-oblong, acute at each extremity,
serrate, nearly smooth, subrugose ; reticulately
veined beneath ; corymb crowded ; scales of the
calyx acute, coloured.
HAB. Mountains. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 2ft.
high, solid; pedunc. foment. ; Jl. purp.
15. E. trifoliatum: leaves petiolate, ternate and qua-
ternate, ovate, acuminate, serrate, subscabrous.
punctate.
HAB. Woods. Aug.— Sept. U. Stem 3— 4 ft.
high, solid; corymb, large, purp.
* * Calyx more than b-flowered.
16. E. purpureum : leaves petiolate by fours or fives,
ovate-lanceolate, serrate, rugosely veined, slightly
scabrous ; stem hollow.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem 5 — €
ft. high, purp. ; Jl. purp.; cal. 84eav.
17. E. maculatum> leaves petiolate, by fours or fives,
ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrate, pubescent be-
neath ; stem solid, sulcatc.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem 4 — 5
ft. high, punct. ; cal. 5 — S-Jl.
18. E. verticillatum : leaves petiolate, by threes or
fours, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at each end.
unequally serrate, nearly smooth ; stem solid
HAB. Wet woods. Aug. — Sept. U. Stem 3 — 4
ft. high, slend. ; cal. xvh. ; Jl. purp.
19. E. punctatum: leaves petiolate, by fours and fives,
acuminate, serrate, scabrous on both sides ; stem
solid, terete.
HAB. Mountains. Aug. — Oct. U . FL purp.
20. E. perfuliafum ; leaves connate-perfoliate, pubes-
cent.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U. Stem 2 ft.
high, branch., vill. ; leav. large; Jl. zvh.
21. E, celestinum; leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, ob
?86 SYNGENESIA.— JCQUALIS.
tusely dentate, triply nerved, subscabrous ; calyx
tnany-leaved, many-flowered; flowers corymbed.
HAB. Mountains. Aug. — Sept. lj. . Stem 2 ft.
high ; fl. large, blue, dense,
22. E. aromaticnm ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, ob-
tusely dentate, subscabrous; stem paniculate above:
flowers corymbed; calyx simple.
HAB. Dry woods. Aug. U . Stem 2 ft. high,
pubes. ; leav. triply nerv. ; Jl. large, wh.
23. E. ageratoides : leaves on long petioles, subcor-
date, ovate, acuminate, dentate, nearly smooth,
triply nerved ; corymb many-flowered ; calyx
nearly equal.
HAB. Rocky hills. Aug.— Oct. U. . Stem 2 ft.
high, smooth; jl. num., wh., small.
476. , MIKANIA. Composite.
.1 M. scandens : stern climbing, smooth ; leaves cor-
date, re pan Edentate acuminate, with divaricate
unequal lobes; flowers corymbed.
HAB. -Joist thickets July— Sept. U . Leav.
oppos. ; corymb. axilL, pink.
2. M. pubescens : stem climbing, pubescent ; leaves
cordate, acuminate, angularly dentate, pubescent
on both si('es; lobes divaricate, equal.
HAB. Low grounds. Sept. U . Fl. pale purp.;
odor. ; cah pubes.
All. CHRYSOCOMA. Goldy-locks. Composite.
C. virgata : herbaceous, smooth ; leaves all narrow
and linear ; stem virgately branched ; branches
corymbiferous, fastigiate ; calyx oblong, 3 — 4-
flowered; scales glutinous and appressed.
HAB. Swamps. U . Stem 18 in. high, branch.;
leav. 1 — 2 in. long ; jl. yell.
478. CACALIA. Composite.
1. C. suaveolens : stem herbaceous; leaves petiolate,
hastate-sagittate, serrate, smooth, green on both
sides; flowers corymbed, erect; calyx many-
flowered.
SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 287
HAB. Banks of rivers. Aug. U. Stem 3—4 ft.
high ; leav. large ; fl. wh. ; anth. yell.
C. atriplicifolia : stem herbaceous ; leaves petiolate,
smooth, glaucous beneath ; radical ones cordate,
dentate ; of the stem rhomboidal, subdentate on
each side; flowers corymbed, erect; calyx 5-
flowered.
II AB. Banks of rivers. Aug. U . Stem 3—6 ft.
high. ; pedunc. wh. ,• fl. sm., yell.
, C . reniformis : stem herbaceous; leaves petiolate.
smooth, hairy on the veins beneath ; radical ones
cordate, reniform, repandly dentate ; of the stem
oblong, dentate, cuneate and very entire at the
base ; corymb fastigiate; calyx many-flowered.
HAB. Banks of rivers. July. lj. . Stem 5 — 7 ft.
high ; fl. yell.-wh.
479. SPARGANOPHORUS. Composites.
S. verticillatus : leaves linear, verticillate ; flowers
few, terminal; pappus campanulate, 5-toothed.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U . Stem simp.; I ft. high,
■whorl. 6 — 8 leav. ; fl. pur p.
SUPERFLUA.
480. TANACETUM. Tansey. Composite.
T. vulgare : leaves doubly pinnate, incisely serrate,
HAB. Old fields, &c. Aug. — Sept. H. Plant
odor. : fl. dense t yell. §.
481. ARTEMISIA. Wormwood. Composite.
I. A. canadensis : stem herbaceous, paniculate, mostly
erect; radical loaves subpinnate, slightly tomeo
tose; cauline ones pinnate, segments subsetaceous.
Incised, flat, nearly smooth ; flowers subglobose-
sessile ; scales of the calyx scarious.
HAB. Sandy shores. Aag. M . Stcm3—<\ ft. high,
brownish ; fl. glomerate.
A. caudata : stem simple, herbaceous, much branch
ed, pyramidal ; radical and cauline leaves bipin
nate, pubescent; upper ones pinnate; segment.-
>88 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.
subsetaceous, alternate, divaricate, somewhat coil'
vex ; flowers pedicellate, erect, globose-ovate.
HAB. Seashores. U. Stem 2 ft. high.
3. A. vulgaris : leaves tomentose beneath ; cauline
ones pinnatifid ; divisions lanceolate, subdentate,
acute; floral leaves linear-lanceolate, entire; flow-
ers subsessile, oblong, erect ; calyx tomentose.
HAB. Rocky hills. Sept. U . Stem 2 ft. high;
leav. green above. § ?
482. BACCHARIS. Ploughman's Spikenard. Cum*
posited.
B. halimifolia : leaves obovate, incisely dentate
above ; panicle compound, leafy ; fascicles pedun-
culate.
HAB. Sea coast. Sept.— Oct. h • Plant pulve-
rulent ; leav. thick ; pap. long, silky.
483. CONYZA. Marsh-fleabane. Composite.
C camphorata: leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat
pubescent, acute, serrate; the serratures mucro-
nate ; flowers in crowded corymbs.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. U. Strong-scented y
stem 1 ft, high ; fl. purp,
484. GNAPHAL1UM. Cud-weed. Composite.
1. G. plantagineum : shoots procumbent ; stem simple;
radical leaves ovate, 3-nerved, mucronate ; flow-
ers dioecious.
HAB. Dry hills and woods. Apr. — Sept. ty .
Plant downy ; rod. leav. large ; fl. pale purp.
2. G. polycephalum : herbaceous, erect ; leaves linear*
lanceolate, acute, smooth above, pubescent be-
neath ; stem paniculate, tomentose ; corymbs ter-
minal, crowded.
HAB. Woods and low grounds. Aug. ©. Strong-
scented, branch. ; fl. dust., pale yell.
3. G. margaritaceum: herbaceous; leaves linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, alternate ; stem branched
at the top ; corymb fastigiate ; flowers pedicellate.
HAB. Fields and woods. Aug. ty . Stem 1— t2
fit. high , woolly ; fl. large, few, wh.
SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 28&
?. G. uliginosvm : stem much branched; branches
spreading, woolly; leaves linear-lanceolate; flowers
in terminal, leafy crowded heads.
HAB. Low grounds, &c. Aug, ©. Stem low,
spread. ; cal. yellowish.
o. G. americanum : stem herbaceous, erect, branched ;
leaves obovatc-spathulate, pubescent beneath ;
flowers axillary and terminal, in glomerate spikes.
HAB. Fields and woods. June. ©. Stem 6 — 8
in. high ; fl. yell.-wh.
6. G. purpureum : herbaceous ; leaves linear-spathu-
late, tomentose beneath ; stem erect, simple :
flowers sessile, glomerate, axillary and terminal.
HAB. Fields. June. U . Stolonif. ; atem 8—12
in. high; Jl. purplish.
7. G. germamcum : stem erect, proliferously branched
upward; leaves lanceolate, cottony ; flowers small.
in dense round heads, axillary and terminal.
HAB. Fields. July. ©. Stem 6—8 in. high:
branch, few, horizontal ; fl. yell.
;. G. decurrens: stem erect, much branched; leaves
linear-lanceolate, very acute, decurrent, white and
woolly beneath, naked above ; flowers in dense
terminal roundish clusters.
IIAB. Hills and fields. Aug. % . Stem 2 ft. high;
leav. green above ; jl. yell.
K G. sylvaticum : stem erect, simple, downy ; flowers
in a leafy spike ; leaves linear-lanceolate, downy,
particularly beneath.
HAB. Woods. July. U. Stem 12 in. high ; basr:
subdecumb. ; cal. brownish.
185. ERIGERON. Flea-bane. Composite.
E. bellidifoliurn : hairy, gray; radical leaves obovate,
subserrate ; stem leaves remote, oblong-ovate, ;im-
plexicaul, entire; stern 3 — 5-flowered; rays Dearly
twice as long as the hemispherical calyx.
HAB. Hills. May. U. Stem erect, simp., 12— 18
ill. high ; fl. pale pur p.
1. E. integrifolium : stem simple, leafy, smooth; leav 6J
lanceolate, entire, 3-nerved ; flowers corymbe.l ;
calyx hemispherical ; scales acute.
B b
290 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.
HAB. Woods, &c. June— Aug. U. Stem 2 ft
high, ; leav. rarely subdent. ; Jl. whi
3. E. philadelphicum : pubescent ; leaves cuneate-ob-
long, subserrate ; those of the stem semiamplexi-
caul ; florets of the ray capillary, as long as the
disk ; stem branched above, many-flowered.
HAB. Old fields. June— Oct. U. Stem 2— 3 ft.
high, slend.; Jl, pale purp.
i. E. purpureum : pubescent ; leaves oblong, dentate,
amplexicaul ; upper ones very entire ; peduncles
corymbed, thick ; the inferior ones elongated ;
rays twice as long as the calyx.
HAB. Woods. June. U. Stem 2 ft. high ; Jl.
large, purp.
.5. E. strigosum : hairy and strigose ; leaves lanceolate.
attenuate at each end, with a few coarse teeth in
the middle, or entire ; flowers in a corymbose
panicle.
HAB. Fields and woods. June — Oct. $. Stem
2 — 3 ft. high, side; rays capill., wh.
6. E. heterophyllum : radical leaves roundish-ovate.
with large teeth, petiolate; stem leaves lanceolate.
acute, serrate in the middle ; corymb terminal.
HAB. Meadows. June— Oct. $ . Stem 2—3 fv.
high ; leav. large ; Jl. wh.
* Subgenus CjENOTUS. Calyx oblong ; rays very
numerous, minute ; pappus simple.
7. E. canadense : stem hairy or hispid, paniculate :
leaves lanceolate ; lower ones subserrate ; rays
crowded, very short.
HAB. Fields and cultivated grounds. Aug. — Not.
0. Stem 4 in. — 5 ft. high. Variable.
486. INULA. Composite?.
1. I. Helenium: leaves amplexicaul, ovate, rugose, to-
mentose beneath ; scales of the calyx.
HAB. Road sides. July— Aug. U . Stem 3~ 4
ft. high; leav. large ; Jl. yell.
SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 291
* Subgenus CHRYS0PS1S. Calyx imbricated,; rays
of the corolla mostly yellow ; anthers naked at the base ;
pappus double ; exterior paleaceous minute ; interior
scabrous, many-rayed ; seeds obovate, villous.
2. I. mariana: hairy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ser-
rate ; upper ones sessile, acute ; lower spathulate,
mostly obtuse ; corymb simple ; calyx viscidly pu-
bescent.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U . Stem 18 in. high ; rays
10—12 oblong.
3. l.falcata : woolly and villous; leaves sessile, linear,
acute, rigid, subfalcate ; calyx subtomentose.
HAB. Pine-barrens. Sept— Oct. U . Stem 6—12
in. high ; ft. small.
4. I. graminifolia : silky; leaves lanceolate, linear,
acute, entire, nerved ; corymb compound ; stem
leafy towards the summit.
HAB. Sandy woods. Aug.— Oct. U . Stem 2 //.
high; leav. long, subrigid.
487. ASTER. Starwort. Composite.
* Calyx white, green at the summit ; florets of the ray
about 5, white.
1. A. solidaginoides : leaves linear-lanceolate, entire,
scabrous on the margin ; flowers sessile aggre-
gate ; calyx imbricate, with the scales obtuse,
appressed.
HAB. Dry woods. July— Aug. U . Stem 2 ft.
high ; ft. fastig. -corymb.
2. A. conyzoides : leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, serrate
towards the summit, triply nerved ; the lower
ones attenuate at the base ; upper entire ; scales
of the calyx oval, obtuse, appressed, slightly re-
flexed at the summit.
HAB. Woods and copses. July — Aug. U. Stem
2 ft. high; leav. thick; cal. cylivd.
* * Florets of the ray numerous ; pappus single.
| Leaves eniire.
\. hyssopifolius : leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved.
punctate, acute, scabrous on the margin ; branches
292 SYNGENES1A.— SUPERFLUA.
fastigiate, clustered ; florets of the ray about 5
calyx imbricate, half as long as the disk.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. U . Stem 18 in. high,
slend. ; Jl. small, wh., or purplish.
4. A. subulatus : smooth ; stem much branched from
the base, paniculate ; leaves long and linear, very
acute; uppermost subulate; calyx subcylindric
with subulate scales ; radical florets minute.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug.— Nov. ©! Stem 12
— 18 in. high ; Jl. small, purp.
5. A. foliolosus : leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuate at
each end, acuminate ; stem pubescent, paniculate^
erect ; branches few-flowered ; calyx imbricate,
with linear acute appressed scales.
HAB. Dry fields. Aug.— Oct. U. FL small,
white.
3. A. paludosus: stem simple ; leaves linear subulate,
smooth, amplexicaul ; peduncles few, one-flow-
ered, pubescent, leafy ; calyx squarrose.
HAB. Open swamps. Aug. U . Stem 3 — 5 Jl.
Jl. large, blue ; cal. subfoliaceous.
7. A. tenuifolius : leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering at
each end, very entire ; margin slightly scabrous ;
stem smooth, branched, erect, with 1-flowereu
branches ; scales of the calyx acute, loose.
HAB. Fields. Sept. U . Stem 2 ft. high, pubes.
above ; Jl. s/n., pale purp.
0. dumosus : branches paniculate, with very short
leaves.
HAB. Fields. Sept. FL wh. or pale purp.
y. ericoides : leaves linear ; those on the branches
short and approximate ; stem smooth.
HAB. Rocky fields. Sept. Lower leaves long ;
very smooth : Jl. pale purp.
8. A. multiflorus : leaves linear, entire, nearly smooth,
somewhat ciliate ; stem diffusely branched, pu-
bescent, calyx imbricate squarrose, with oblong,
Plllfltc SCJllGS.
HAB. Rocky fields. Sept. U . Stem 2 ft. high.
very pubes. ; Jl. wh. ; disk yell.
/3. cilmtus: leaves distinctly ciliate ; those of the
branches very short.
HAB. With the preceding.
SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 293
9. A. sparsijiorus : very smooth ; stem sparingly
branched, somewhat flexuou3 ; leaves long and
succulent ; the inferior ones sublanceolate-linear;
superior subulate ; branches one-flowered, leafy ;
scales of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, ap-
pressed ; rays numerous, shorter than the calyx.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug.— Oct. U. Stem 12 in.
high;fl. large, purp.
10. A. concolor : leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire,
whitish-pubescent on both sides ; stem simple,
erect, pubescent ; raceme terminal ; scales of
the calyx lanceolate, silky, appressed.
HAB. Pine barrens. Oct. U. Root of ten tuber .;
stem virg. ; Jl. large, blue.
11. A. salicifolius : leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly
entire ; stem smooth, paniculate above ; calyx
loose, imbricate ; scales acute, spreading at their
points.
HAB. Low grounds. Sept. U. Stem tall; Jl.
middle-sized, reddish-blue.
12. A. astivus : leaves lanceolate, subamplexicaul, at-
tenuated at the apex ; margin scabrous ; stem
branched from the base, erect, hispid ; branches
hairy; scales of the calyx loose, linear, acute,
equal.
HAB. Dry swamps. Sept. $. Stem 2 ft. high .
Jl. middle-sized ; rays blue.
13. A. novae an glicb: leaves linear-lanceolate, amplexr-
caul, auriculate at the base ; stem hairy and pani-
culate ; flowers subsolitary on the branchlets.
somewhat fastigiate ; scales of the calyx loose,
linear-lanceolate, rather longer than the disk.
11AB. Fields. Aug.— Oct. U. Stem 4— 6 ft.
high;Jl. large, purp.-bl. ; rays numerous.
14. A. cyaneus : leaves linear-lanceolate, amplexisaul.
smooth ; stem branched, with the branches ex-
panding, very smooth ; flowers in paniculate ra*
cemes ; scales of the calyx loose, lanceolate, as
long as the disk.
HAB. Along fences. Sept. U- , Stem 3 ft. high .
subgfauc. ; Jl. blue, large.
15. A. phlogifulius : leaves lanceolate, cordate, am
plexicaul. pubescent beneath, scabrous on tlie
594 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.
margin ; stem simple, pubescent ; panicle termi-
nal, loose, few-flowered; scales of the calyx loose,
lanceolate.
HAB. Sandy woods. Sept. U. Stem 12— 18 in.
high, slend. ; Jl. violet.
16. A. patens: leaves oblong-lanceolate, ciliate, cor-
date and amplexicaul, scabrous and hairy on both
sides, those on the branches minute ; branches
spreading, elongated, few-flowered ; scales of the
calyx spreading, lanceolate.
HAB. Rocky soils. Sept.— Oct. y.. Stem li— 2
ft. high; Jl. blue.
\ j Leaves lanceolate and ovate; the lower ones serrate.
a Flowers corymbed.
17. A. Mtdijlorus : stem simple and smooth ; leaves
sessile, ovate-lanceolate, subacuminate, all sharply
serrate, scabious above; corymb few-flowered ;
peduncles pubescent, naked, mostly 1-flowered ;
calyx hemispherical, closely imbricate ; scales
linear-oblong, ciliate.
HAB. Swamps. U . Stem 2 — 3 ft. high ; pedum
long ; Jl. large , pale pur p.
18. A. Radula: leaves lanceolate, serrate, acuminate,
rugous and very scabrous ; stem erect, angular,
simple ; corymb terminal ; calyx imbricate ; scales
lanceolate, rather obtuse, subsquarrose.
HAB. High mountains. Sept. U . Fl. middle
sized; rays shorty white.
0. A. strictus : leaves sessile, narrow-lanceolate, ser-
rate, scabrous ; 6tem one or few-flowered at the
summit ; scales of the calyx imbricate, appressed
oblong, acute, about equal to the disk.
\HAB. High mountains. Sept. — Oct. U . Stem
4—8 in. high ; Jl. pale violet.
20, A. svrculosus : stem simple, low, slender, minutely
pubescent ; lower leaves linear-lanceolate, entire,
or subserrate, scabrous above ; upper ones linear,
amplexicaul ; corymb 3 — 5 flowered, somewhat
naked ; calyx imbricate, subsquarrose ; scales
ciliate, linear-oblong ; inner ones obtuse ; rays
numerous.
SYNGENESIA.—SUPERFLUA. 295
IIAB. Margin of swamps. U. . Root stolonif.,
creep. ; Jl. large, pur p.
21. A. spectabilis- leaves oblong-lanceolate, somewhat
scabrous, subamplexicaul ; lower ones serrate in
the middle ; branches corymbed ; calyx hemis-
pherical, with a subglandular pubescence, folia-
ceous, and squarrose ; leaflets ciliate, cuneate-
ovate, partly acute.
HAB. Sandy swamps. Oct. 1J- . Branch. 2—3-/. ;
Jl. large, blue.
j3. bcllidifolius : leaves oblong-obovate, serrate,
corymb nearly simple, or with the branches mostly
1 -flowered.
IIAB. With the preceding. Stem not hairy and
glandular above.
22. A. serotinus : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
sessile, smooth, scabrous on the margin ; inferior
serrate ; branches corymbose, smooth ; branchlets
one-flowered; scales of the calyx lanceolate, acu-
minate, spreading.
IIAB. Low grounds. Sept.— Oct. 1J. . Stem 3ft.
high ; Jl. large, blue.
23. A. puniceus: leaves amplexicaul, lanceolate, ser-
rate, somewhat scabrous ; branches paniculate :
calyx loose, longer than the disk; leaflets linear
lanceolate, subequal ; stem hispid.
IIAB. Brackish swamps. Sept. H. Stem 6 ft.
high, purp. ; Jl. large, purp.
21. A.fluribundus : leaves subamplexicaul, lanceolate;
inferior serrate; stem smooth; branches corymbed;
branchlets many-flowered, hairy ; scales of tin
calyx loose, lanceolate, imbricate.
J1AB. Pennsylvania, if.
J5. A. novi belgii : leaves subamplexicaul, lanceo
late, smooth, scabrous on the margin ; inferior
subserrate ; branches subdivided ; calyx loose.
imbricate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate ; stem terete.
smooth.
IIAB. Fields. Aug.— Sept. U. Stem 3 ft. high
jl. middle sized, purp.
A. acuminatus : leaves broad-lanceolate, narrowed
nod entire at the base, unequally serrate above
long-acuminate ; stem simple, flexuous, angular
296 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.
panicle divaricately dichotomous ; scales of the
calyx loose, linear. *
HAB. Mountains. Sept. U . Stem 12 in. high ;
leav. large ; JI. izh.
27. A. dracunculoides : leaves linear, acuminate, en-
tire ; lower linear-lanceolate, slightly serrate ;
branches corymbose ; calyx imbricate ; stem
nearly smooth.
HAB. Fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 3 ft. high,;
JI. small, wh.
b Flowers panicled.
28. A. amplexicaulis : leaves ovate-oblong, acute, am
plexicaul, cordate, serrate, smooth ; stem panicu-
late, smooth ; branches 1 — 2-flowered ; scales of
the calyx closely imbricate.
HAB. Dry woods. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 18 in.
high ; JI. blue.
*9. A. laevigatas: leaves subamplexicaul, broad-lan-
ceolate, subserrate, smooth; stem much branched,
smooth ; branches many-flowered ; scales of the
calyx lanceolate, loose, equal to the disk.
HAB. Low grounds, Oct. H . Stem 2—3 ft.
high ; fl. pale pur p.
3Q. A. versicolor: leaves subamplexicaul, broad-lan-
ceolate, subserrate, smooth; radical ones serrate in
the middle ; stem much branched, smooth ; scales
of the calyx lanceolate, loose, shorter than the
disk.
DAB. Fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 2 ft. high ;
Ji. pale blue or inhite.
31. A. mutabilis : leaves subamplexicaul ; upper ones
lanceolate, acuminate, very entire ; inferior lan-
ceolate, narrow at the base, serrate ; branches
virgate ; calyx loose, shorter than the disk ; stem
smooth.
11AB. Fields and dry woods. Sept. U. Stem
2—3 //. high ; JI. pur p.
£2; A. laevis : leaves subamplexicaul, remote, oblong,
very entire, shining ; radical oneg subserrate :
branches simple 1 -flowered, scales of the calyx
subcuoeiform, acute, thickened at the tip ; stem
smooth angular.
SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 29;
HAB. Low grounds. Oct. U . Stem 2 ft. high .
fl. large, blue.
33. A. concinnus: leaves lanceolate, subamplexicaul :
inferior ones subserrate, smooth ; stem simple,
paniculate above ; calyx closely imbricate.
HAB. Fields. Sept. U. Stem 2 ft. high; Jl.
purple.
34. A. bellidiflorus : leaves amplexicaul, narrow-lan-
ceolate, scabrous above ; inferior ones subserrate;
stem much branched ; scales of the calyx lanceo
late, spreading.
HAB. Pennsylvania. A var. of A. spectabalis?
35. A. tardiflorus : leaves sessile, spathulate-lanceo-
late, serrate, smooth, attenuate at the base ; margin
reflexed ; branches divaricate ; calyx loose; scales
lanceolate-linear, subequal, smooth.
HAB. Low grounds. Sept. — Oct. H . Fl. middle
sized, violet.
36. A. Tradescanti : leaves lanceolate, serrate, sessile,,
smooth ; branches virgate ; calyx loose, imbricate;
stem terete, smooth.
HAB. Fields. Aug.— Oct. Stem 3 ft. high ; fl.
small, wh. or blue.
p. recurvatus ; leaves narrow-lanceolate ; stem re-
curved.
37. A. eminens ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
scabrous on the margin ; inferior ones subserrate;
stem paniculate ; branches one-flowered ; calyx
loosely-imbricate ; scales lanceolate.
HAB. Fields. Sept. U. Fl. lilac.
38. A. laxu* : leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, sca-
brous on the margin , the lower ones subserrate,
those of the stem subreflexed, of the branches
much spreading ; stem loose, paniculate above ;
calyx imbricate ; scales lanceolate, acute, reflexed
at the apex.
HAB. Fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Fl. small, white.
A. fimplex : leaves lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous
on the margin, those of the stem serrate at the end.
•f the branches very entire ; stem quite smooth.
paniculate above ; calyx loose ; scales linear-subu
late.
MAI-. Pennsylvania. 1| . Fl. xvh.
298 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.
40. A. polyphyllus : leaves linear, very entire ; radical
ones oblong, subserrate ; stem much branched,
pubescent ; calyx loose.
HAB. Pennsylvania. If.. Fl. white.
41. A. junceus : leaves lanceolate-linear, sessile,
smooth ; lower ones subserrate ; stem paniculate,
smooth ; branches virgate ; calyx imbricate.
HAB. Low grounds. Oct. U . Stem tall, slend. ;
fl. flesh-col.
Q. lanceolatus : stem branched, diffuse, rather smooth.
42. A. fragilis : leaves linear, acuminate, very entire;
radical ones serrate, oblong ; branches corymbose-
paniculate ; scales of the calyx appressed ; stem
nearly smooth.
HAB. Old fields. Sept. U • Stem 2 ft. high; fl.
small, wh.
43. A. miser : leaves sessile, lanceolate, serrate,
smooth ; scales of the calyx acute ; disk equal to
the ray ; stem somewhat villous.
HAB. Old fields. Sept.— Oct. FL small, white.
a. divergens : leaves elliptical lanceolate, those of
the stem elongated ; branches spreading.
/3. diffusus : leaves all proportioned.
y. pendulus ; leaves of the brunches rather remote :
branches very divaricate, pendulous.
c Leaves cordate, serrate.
41. A. undulatus : leaves oblong-cordate, amplexicauK
very entire, hairy, somewhat undulate ; inferior
ones ovate, cordate, subserrate ; petioles winged ;
stem paniculate, hispid ; branches secund, leafy,
1 -flowered.
HAB. Dry woods, &c. Sept. U. Stem 2 ft
high ; fl. middle-sized, bl.
45. A. sagittifolius : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, sessile, serrate in the middle ; radical ones
oblong, cordate-sagittate, serrate, petiolate ; stem
branched, smooth ; scales of the calyx loose, lan-
ceolate.
HAB. In rocky woods ? Sept. TJ. . Fl. middle-
sized, blue.
46. A. paniculatus : leaves ovate-lanceolate, subser-
rate. netiolate, smooth; radical ones ovate-cordatp
SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 299
serrate, scabrous, petiolate ; petioles naked ; stem
mnch branched, smooth ; branches hairy ; calyx
loose, subimbricate.
HAB. Fields and woods. Sept. If:. Stem 2— S
ft. high; fl. pale blue. Near A. undulatus.
47. A. cordifolius : leaves cordate, hairy beneatb,
acutely serrate, petiolate ; petioles winged ; stem
paniculate, smoothish ; panicle divaricate ; calyx
loose, subimbricate.
HAB. Rocky woods. Sept. U. Stem2ft. high;
jl. rather small, pale blue.
48. A. corymbosus : leaves ovate, acutely serrate, acu-
minate, smoothish ; inferior ones cordate, petio-
late ; petioles naked ; stem smooth, corymbose-
fastigiate above ; branches hairy ; calyx oblong,
imbricate; scales obtuse, closely appressed.
HAB. Dry woods. July — Aug. U . Stein 2 ft.
high ; Jl. middle-sized, wh.
49. A. macrophyllus : leaves ovate, petiolate, serrate,
scabrous; upper ones ovate-cordate, sessile ; infe-
rior cordate, petiolate ; petioles somewhat mar-
gined ; stem branched, diffuse ; calyx cylindrical,
closely imbricate ; scales oblong, ?cute.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U- Stem 2 ft. high ; Jl.
pretty large, wh. or pale bl.
* * * Pappus double ; flowers mostly corymbed.
50. A. linariifolius : leaves linear, mucronatc, thick,
without nerves or punctures, carinate, scabrous.
rigid ; those of the branches recurved ; stem sub-
decumbent ; branches fastigiate, elongated, 1-
llowered ; calyx imbricate, as long as the disk.
HAB. Dry fields, and on rocks. Sept. — Oct. A
foot high; jl. violet.
51. A. rigidus : leaves linear, mucronate, subrarinate,
rigid ; margin scabrous-ciliate ; stem-leaves re-
flexed, of the branches spreading, subulate ; stem
erect, somewhat branched above; branches 1-
flowered, corymbed; calyx imbricate, half the
length of th<> disk; scales carinate, rather obtuse j
rays .about 10- flowered, reflexed.
HAB. Sandy fields. Sept. U. A foot hi- I
middle-sized, violet.
300 SYNGENES1A.— SUPERFLUA.
52. A. linifoliuB : leaves linear, without nerves or
punctures, scabrous, reflexed-spreading; branches
corymbose-fastigiate, leafy; calyx imbricate, short;
rays equal to the disk.
HAB. Dry woods, &c. Sept. — Nov. U . Stem
1 — 2 ft. high ; fl. large, wh. or pale blue.
53. A. humilis ; leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, aeute
at the base, scabrous on the margin ; petiole short;
stem smooth, dichotomously paniculate above,
few-flowered ; calyx loose, subimbricate.
HAB. Woods, &c. Aug. lj. . Stem 1—2 ft. high :
leav. large ; ft. wh,
54. A. amygdalinus ; leaves lanceolate, attenuate at
the base, acuminate, scabrous on the margin; stem
simple, corymbose-fastigiate at the summit; calyx
loose, imbricate : scales lanceolate, obtuse.
HAB. Fields and low grounds. July — Aug. ty . A
foot high ; fl. zvh.
488. SOLIDAGO. Golden-rod. Composite.
* Racemes secund ; leaves triply nerved.
1. S. canadensis : stem villous , leaves lanceolate, ser-
rate, triply nerved, scabrous; racemes paniculate,
secund, recurved : rays short.
HAB. Old fields, &c. Aug.— Sept. U • Stem 3—4
ft. high ; leav. large.
2. S. procera : stem villous, erect ; leaves lanceolate.
serrate, scabrous, villous beneath ; racemes spi-
ciform, erect, when young drooping ; rays short.
HAB. Low grounds. Sept.— Oct. U . Stem 4—6
ft. high.
3. S. serotina : stem erect, terete, smooth ; leaves 11
near-lanceolate ; racemes paniculate, secund ; pe-
duncles pubescent.
II AB. Meadows. Sept. U . Stem 4 ft. high .
young leaves ciliate.
4. S. gigantea : stem erect, smooth ; leaves lanceolate,
serrate, scabrous on the margin, obscurely triply-
nerved ; racemes paniculate, secund ; peduncles
hairy ; rays short.
HAB* Low meadows. Sept. — Oct. i{. Stem 4 — 7
ft. high, purplish.
8YNGENESIA.—SUPERFLUA. 301
>. S.ciliuris: stem erect, smooth ■; leaves lanceolate,
subtriply nerved, smooth, except on the margin,
subserrate ; racemes paniculate, secund ; pedun^
cles smooth ; bracts ciliate ; rays short.
HAB. Borders of woods. Aug. U. Stem 3 ft,
high, angul. ; radical, leav. long,
tf. S. reflexa : stem erect, villous ; leaves lanceolate,
subserrate, triply nerved, scabrous, reflexed ;
branches paniculate, subsecund. reflexed.
HAB. Fields. Aug. U.
7, S. lateriflora: stem erect, somewhat hairy ; leaves
lanceolate, subtriply nerved, smooth, scabrous on
the margin ; lower ones subserrate ; racemes
paniculate, subrecurved, secund.
HAB. Meadows. Aug. U . Stem 2— 3 ft. higfc
•rays elongated.
* * Racemes secund ; leaves veined.
3, S. aspera : stem erect, terete, hairy ; leaves ovate
and somewhat elliptical, very rough, rugous, ser-
rate, without nerves ; racemes paniculate, secund.
HAB. Fields. Sept. 1* . Stem 3 ft. high; leav.
acute ; racem. dense.
?. S. altisn/na : stem erect, hirsute; leaves lanceo-
late, the lower ones deeply serrate, very roughi
rugous ; panicles secund ; rays short.
HAB. Old fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 3—5
ft. high. — Variable.
fi). S.rugosa: stem erect, hairy ; leaves lanceolate,
very rough and rugous ; the lower ones with ap-
pressed serratures ; racemes paniculate, widely
spreading.
HAB. Stony fields. Sept.— Oct. M . Stem 4 ft.
high.
I . S. scabra: stem erect, hairy, sulcate ; Jeaves ob-
long, attenuate at each end, acuminate, smooth
above, rugous and scabrous beneath, with ap-
pressed serratures in the middle ; racemes sj
<;und.
HAB. Meadows. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem
high.
S. ncmoralis: stem erect, woollv ; cauline learea
Cc
302 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.
lanceolate, hispid, very entire ; radical ones sul>
cuneiform, serrate ; racemes paniculate ; secund
HAB. Barren fields. Sept. U . Plant gray, 1 —
2 ft. high.
13. S. patula ; stem erect, smooth; leaves elliptical,
serrate, smooth ; lower ones obloDg-spathulate ;
racemes paniculate, secund, spreading ; peduncles
pubescent.
HAB. Dry woods. Sept. U. Stem t ft. high,
virgate ; racemes short.
14. S. ulmifolia : stem erect, smooth, striate; leaves
elliptical, deeply serrate, acuminate, villous be-
neath ; radical ones obovate ; racemes paniculate,
secund ; peduncles villous ; rays short.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem oft.
high ; leaves large.
15. S. arguta : stem erect, smooth; leaves smooth,
acutely and unequally serrate ; cauline ones ellip-
tical ; radical ovate-oblong ; racemes paniculate,
secund ; rays elongate.
HAB. Meadows. Aug. U . Stem 2 ft. high.
16. S.juncea: stem erect, smooth; leases lanceolate,
smooth except on the margin ; lower ones serrate ;
racemes paniculate, secund.
HAB. Meadows and dry woods. Sept. U . Stem
Sft. high, slender.
17. S. elliptica : stem erect, smooth ; leaves elliptical,
smooth, serrate ; racemes paniculate, secund ;
rays of middling length.
HAB. Dry woods. Sept. U. Stem 3 ft. high;
lear. large and broad.
18. S. sempervirens : stem erect, smooth; leaves
linear-lanceolate, somewhat fleshy, smooth, very
entire, scabrous on the margin ; racemes pani-
culate, secund ; peduncles hairy.
HAB. Swamps. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 2 ft. high-.
subglauc. ; rays narrow, elong., 5 — 6.
19. S. virgata : stem smooth, quite simple; leaves
subcuneate-laneeolate, obtuse, very smooth, up-
per ones very entire, appressed to the stem,
growing smaller above ; branches of the panicle
elongate, racemed at the summit : peduncles:
smooth, seeund.
SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 303
HAB. Swamps. Oct. U . Stem atten., 3 — i ft.
high ; lower leav. subserrate ; jl. small.
?0. S. odora : stem erect, pubescent, slender ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, very entire, smooth, scabrous on
the margin ; racemes paniculate, secund.
HAB. Rocky hills and dry wood*. July — Aug. U .
Stem subvirg. ; plant odorous.
* * * Racemes erect.
21. S. speciosa : stem smooth, simple, or with virgate
branches ; leaves lanceolate, entire, somewhat
fleshy ; lower ones very broad ; radical subser-
rate ; racemes erect and compound, pubescent :
rays about 5, elongate.
HAB. Shady woods. U. Stem 4— 6 ft. high,
sulc. ; leav. large; pedunc. short.
22. S. bicolor : stem hairy ; leaves elliptic, hairy ;
lower ones serrate ; branches leafy ; racemes
short, dense, erect ; scales of the calyx obtuse.
HAB. Dry hills and woods. July — Aug. U . Stem
1 — 2 ft. high ; rays white.
23. S. stricta : stem erect, smooth ; cauline leaves
lanceolate, very entire, smooth, scabrous on the
margin ; radical ones serrate ; racemes paniculate,
erect; peduncles smooth.
HAB. Sandy woods. Sept. U. Stem 2 ft. high ;
panic, dense.
14, S. pet iol arts : stem erect, villous ; leaves elliptic,
somewhat scabrous, petiolate ; racemes erect ;
rays elongate.
HAB. Sandy fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem branch.;
rac.em. numerous, short.
!6. S. lanceolata : stem angular, hairy, much branched :
leaves lanceolate-linear, entire, 3— 5-nerved, sca-
brous on the margin, minutely hispid on nerves
beneath; corymbs terminal, fastigiate ; rays 15 —
20, as long as the disk.
HAB. Meadows. Sept. U . Stem 3—4 ft. high ,
Jl. glomerate ; cal. ovate.
5. tenuifolia: stem angular, much branched.
smoothish ; leaves linear, very narrow, numer-
■ brous-ciliate on the margin, obscurely ::
304 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.
nerved, punctate above ; corymbs fastigiate ; rays-
about 10, exserted.
HAB. Sandy fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Afoot high:
ft. glomerate ; axils leafy,
27. S. caesia : stem smooth, glaucous, erect ; leaves
lanceolate, smooth j racemes erect ; rays of mid-
dling length.
HAB. In dry woods. Sept. U. Stem slend., t
ft. high, subvirgate ; pedicles scab.
28. S. fiexicaulis : stem flexuous, smooth, angular :
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, gla-
brous ; racemes axillary ; rays half as long again
as the calyx.
HAB. Fields and woods. Sept. U . Stem slend,
purp., 2ft. high; racem. short.
29. S. latifolia: stem somewhat flexuous-, angular,
smooth ; leaves broadly ovate, acuminate, deeply
serrate, smooth, petioles winged ; racemes axil-
lary.
HAB. Dry Woods. Sept.— Oct. U . Stem IS
in, high ; leav. 2 in. broad, aiten. at base,
30. S.hispida: stem erect, hispid, scabrous; leaves
lanceolate, scabrous, very entire ; radical ones
serrate ; racemes erect ; rays of middling length.
HAB. Fields and woods. Sept. U . Resembles
No. 27.
31. S. laevigata: stem erect, smooth ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, fleshy, very entire, very smooth ; ra
cemes paniculate, erect : peduncles scaly, villous ;
rays elongate.
HAB. Salt marshes. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 4—
5 ft. high; rays about 10; radical leaves subob
ovate.
32. S. limonifolia : stem smooth ; leaves lanceolate,
somewhat fleshy, very entire, smooth ; racemes
paniculate, suberect, nearly naked ; peduncles
scaly, pubescent ; rays about 10.
HAB. Marshes. Aug. It. Stem 3— 4 ft, high ;
pedunc. mostly l-ftow.
33. S. viminea : stem erect, subpubescent ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, membranaceous, attenuate at the
base, smooth, scabrous on the margin ; lower ones,
subserrate ; racemes erect ; rays elongate,
SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 305
HAB. Low grounds. Sept. U .
34. S. rigida : stem hairy and scabrous ; leaves ovate-
oblong, rough, with minute hairs ; those of the
stem very entire ; lower ones serrate ; flowering
branches paniculate ; racemes compact ; rays
elongate ; scales of the calyx obtuse.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug.— Sept. U. Stem tall ;
leaves rigid ; Jl. very large,
35. S. noveboracensis : radical leaves ovate oblong,
petiolate ; stem somewhat naked, fastigiately
branched.
HAB. Meadows. Sept. U. Stem 3 ft. high,
thick ; leav. rough ; Jl. large.
Vq. S. squarros-a : stem thick, pubescent above ; leaves
smooth ; lower ones very broad, spathulate-oval,
serrate, acute ; upper ones lanceolate-elliptic ;
racemes glomerate, rigid, and pubescent ; calyx
squarrose, many-flowered ; rays 10 — 12, elongate.
HAB. Rocky hills. Sept. U . Stem 2 ft. high ;
Jl. very large.
489. ARNICA. Composites.
A. nudicaulis: hairy; radical leaves decussate and op-*
posite, oblong-oval, subdentate ; stem nearly leaf-
less, divided at the summit into several 1-flowered
branches.
HAB. Woods. June. U. Stem 1—2 ft. high ;
leav. large, rough beneath; Jl. large, yellow.
490, SENECIO. Groundsel. Composites.
* Florets oj the rays wanting.
S. hieracifolius : stem virgate, paniculate ; leaves
oblong, amplexicaul, unequally and deeply tooth-
ed ; dentures acute ; calyx smooth ; seeds hairy.
HAB. Fields, &c. Aug.— Oct. © . Stem 2—3/*.
high, subscab. ; calyx veniric, large ; Jl. wh.
?\ S. vulgaris : leaves mostly amplexicaul, sinuate-
pinnatitid, toothed; stem paniculate, erect, angular.
HAB. Waste grounds. Aug. ©. Stem 18 in,
high ; leav. thin ; Jl. pale yell. §.
- ^ . elongatui : radical leaves spathulate, attenuate
C c2
306 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA*
into a petiole, serrate ; stem leaves pinnatifid
toothed, very remote ; peduncles elongate, um-
bellate, corymbed.
HAB. Rocky banks. July— Aug. U- . Resem-
bles S. Balsamitce.
* *- Flowers radiate.
4. S. gracilis : radical leaves on very long petioles,
orbicular, subcordate, crenate ; stem-leaves few,
very remote, linear-oblong, dilated at the base, in-
cisely dentate ; peduncles very short, hairy, sub-,
umbellate ; calyx smooth ; rays few, very short.
HAB. Rocky banks. May— Aug. tt. A foot
high j ft* small.
i. S. aureus : radical leaves ovate, cordate, serrate,
petiolate ; stem leaves pinnatifid, dentate, termi-
nal segment lanceolate ; peduncles subumbellate,
thick.
HAB. Rocky woods. May. U . Stem Win* high;
umb. simp.; fl. yell.
6. S. Balsamitas : radical leaves oblong, serrate, petio-
late ; lower cauline leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, ser-
rate ; upper ones pinnate, dentate ; flowers some-
what umbellate ; stem and peduncles villous at
trip oisp
HAB. Meadows, &c. June. H. Stem 1—2 ft,
high; leav. subpubes.; fl* yellow.
"•'. S. het&rophyllus ; woolly and downy ; leaves on long
petioles, ovate-spathulate and ovate, rather acute
and pinnatifid ; cauline ones 2 — 3, linear, pinnati-
fid ; flowers corymbed.
HAB. Rocks. May— June. lfc. A foot high ; fl.
bright yellow.
3. S. obovatus : radical leaves obovate, crenate-ser-
rate, petiolate ; cauline leaves pinnatifid, dentate ;
flowers subumbellate, on long peduncles ; stem
rather smooth.
HAB. Rocky woods. May— June. U. A foot high:
leav. thick ; fl. yell.
491. TUSSILAGO. Colt's-foot. Composite.
i. T.frigida: scape fastigiate, many-flowered* brae
SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 307
teate ; leaves roundish-cordate, unequally tooth-
ed, woolly beneath.
HAB. High mountains. June. U. A span high :
rays wh. ; disk pur p.
2. T.Farfara: scape 1-flowered, scaly; leaves cor-
date, angular, toothed, woolly beneath.
HAB. Banks of rivers. April. U. A span high :
Jt. yell, j appearing before the leav. § ?
492. BOLTONIA. Composite.
i. B. glastifolia : lower leaves serrate; flower* on
short peduncles ; seeds obcordate, conspicuously
winged, pubescent ; awns of the pappus of nearly
equal length.
HAB. Banks of rivers. July— Aug, U. Stem 2
— 3 ft. high; leav. lin., aliem. ; fi. flesh-col.
2. B. astervides : leaves very entire ; flowers on long
peduncles ; seeds oval, smooth, scarcely awned.
HAB. Wet places. July. U. Stem j— 2 fL high :
leav. alter., lanceol. ; fl.few, pink.
493. CHRYSANTHEMUM. Ox-eye Daisy. Com
posite.
EX Leucanthemum : leaves amplexicaul, lanceolate, ser
rate, laciniate-dentate at the base ; stem erect
branching.
HAB. Fields, &c. May— Nov. U. Sleni 12—
18 in. high ; fl. large wh. §.
494. VERBES1NA. Composite.
^Ugesbeckia : leaves opposite, ovate, lanceolate
acuminate at each end, acutely serrate ; panicle
brachiate, irregularly many-flowered at the sum
mit ; rays 1 — 3.
HAB. Dry woods. Sept. U . Stem 2—4 ft. high
[-■wing ; leav. triply nerv. ; fl. yell.
195. ANTHEM1S. Chamomile. Composite.
k \. arvensis : receptacle cooic ; chaff lanceolate
seed crowned with a margin ; leaves lanceolate '
segments lanceolate-linear ?
308 SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA,
HAB. Fields and waste grounds. July — Nov. © .
Stern much branch. ; fl. wh., disk yell. §.
2. A. Cotula : receptacle conic ; chaff bristly ; seed
naked ; leaves bipinnate ; segments subulate, 3-
parted.
HAB. Waste grounds. June — Nov. 0'. Erect;
fl. in termin. corymb. ; fl. wh. §.
496. ACHILLEA. Milfoil. Composite*.
1. A. Ptarmica : leaves linear, acuminate, acutely and
equally serrate, smooth.
HAB. Dry swamps. Aug. U. Fl. white. §?
2. A. Millefolium : leaves bipinnatifid, hairy; seg-
ments linear, toothed, mucronate ; calyx sulcate.
HAB. Fields, &c. June— Sept. U. Afoot high:
Qorymb dense ; fl. wh. or rose-col. §.
497. HELIOPSIS. Composite.
H. Iczvis: leaves opposite, ovate, serrate, triply-nerved.
HAB. Banks of rivers. July— Aug. U. Stem 2 ft.
high ; leav. smooth ; fl. large, yell.
498. HELENIUM. False sunflower. Composite.
II. autumnal e : leaves lanceolate, serrate, decurrent ;
flowers corymbed ; florets of the disk 5-eleft, of
the ray flat, reflexed.
IIAB. Low meadows. Aug. — Sept. H . Stem 2
« — 3 ft. high, winged ; fl. yell.
FRUSTRANEA.
499. HELIANTHUS. Sunflower. Composite^.
* Florets of the disk dark purple.
1. H. atrorubens: hispid; stem naked towards the
summit ; loosely paniculate ; leaves spathulate.
oblong-ovate, crenate, triply-nerved, scabrou.9 on
the upper surface ; scales of the calyx ovate-lan-
ceolate, as long as the disk.
1JAB. Dry soils. Aug.— Sept. %. Stem &— 4 ft<
" high; leav. opp., very long ; rap yell.
SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA. 309-
K H. angustifolius : stem slender, slightly scabrous ;
leaves narrow-lanceolate, revolute on the margin,
scabrous, entire, glaucous beneath ; upper ones
alternate ; scales of the calyx linear-lanceolate,
ciliate, expanding; chaff 3-toothed.
HAB. Pine barrens. Oct. U • Stem 3—5 ft,
high ; branch, few ; leav. 4 — 8 in. long ; fl. smalt
* * Florets of the disk yellowish.
| Leaves opposite.
3. H. mollis: stem smooth below, scabrous above,
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrate, scabrous
on the upper surface, pubescent and hoary be
neath ; flowers few, terminal.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U. Stem 3—6 ft. high;
leav. very acute ; fl. few ; cal. hairy.
4. H. divaricatus : stem smooth, branched ; leaves
subopposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, triply-nerv*
ed, scabrous above, smooth beneath ; panicle tri-
chotomous, slender ; flowers very small.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. U . Stem 4—6 ft.
high ; leav. sub acuminate.
5. H . frondosus : stem smooth below ; leaves ovate,
acutely serrate ; peduncles scabrous ; calyx
squarrose, undulate, leafly, ciliate ; rays 8.
HAB. Woods. Aug.— Sept. U . Stem. 4— 5 ft,
high ; fl. small.
6. H. trachelifolius : leaves ovate-lanceolate, acumir
nate, serrate, triply-nerved, very scabrous above
and beneath ; scales of the calyx linear-lanceolate,
ciliate, the exterior ones longer.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug.— Sept. U . Stem 3.
— Aft. high; fl. middle-sized.
1 1 Upper leaves alternate.
:. II. altissimus : leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate,
serrate, scabrous, triply nerved, attenuate at the
apex, petiolate ; petioles ciliate ; scales of the
calyx lanceolate, ciliate.
HAB. Low grounds. Sept. U . Stem 4 — 6 ft.
high.purp. ; rays 16 ; chaff green.
' H. giganteus : leaves alternate, lanceolate, serrate
HO SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA.
scabrous, obscurely triply-nerved, subsessile, at-
tenuate at each end, ciliate at the base ; scales of
the calyx lanceolate, ciliate.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem 5 — ■
6 ft. high, subscab. ; pan. loose, few-Jl.
9. H. decapetalus : leaves ovate, acuminate, remotely
serrate, triply-nerved, scabrous ; scales of the ca
lyx lanceolate, subequal, subciliate ; rays 10 — 12.
IIAB. Rocky woods. Aug. U. Stem 4 — b ft.
high ; Jlowers large.
10. H. multiflorus : leaves triply-nerved, scabrous:
lower ones cordate ; upper ovate ; rays inany-
flowered ; scales of the calyx lanceolate.
IIAB. Rocky woods. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem and
pedunc. scab. ; rays very num.
500. RUDBECKIA. Composite
* Calyx imbricate ; chaff mucronate.
1. R. purpurea : scabrous; lower leaves broad-ovate.
narrowed at the base, remotely toothed ; cauline
ones lanceolate-ovate, nearly entire, acuminate
at each end ; florets of the ray very long, deflexed.
bifid.
HAB Mountains. June — July. U. Stem 4 ft.
high ; fl. large ; rays purp. ; disk brown.
* * Calyx subequal ; chaff unarmed.
2. R. pinnata : leaves all pinnate ; lower segments
sometimes 2-parted ; pappus entire ; stem sulcate.
hispid.
HAB. Pennsylvania. July — Oct. U. Fl. large,
yell. ; rays long, reflex. ; disk jyirp.
3. R. digitata : lower leaves pinnate ; segments pin-
natifid ; upper ones simple, pinnate, the highest
3-cleft ; pappus crenate ; stem smooth.
HAB. Mountains. Aug. U . Stem b— 6 ft. high:
leav. thin; fl. yell. ; pap. subtruncate.
U R. laciniata : lower leaves pinnate; segments 3-
lobed ; upper ones ovate ; pappus crenate ; stem
smooth.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U . Stem 5—8 ft. high
lower leav. 3-foliate ; fl. yell.
SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA. 31 1
R. triloba : hispidly pilose ; stem paniculate ;
branches divaricate, many-flowered, leafy ; leaves
lanceolate, acuminate at each end, serrate ; the
lower ones 3-lobed ; leaflets of the calyx linear,
deflexed, as long as the ray.
HAB. Mountains. Aug. — Sept. U. Stem 4 — 5
ft. high ; rays yell. ; disk dark purp.
R. fulgida : stem hispid ; branches long, virgate,
1 -flowered ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, denticulate,
hispid, narrowed and slightly cordate at the base ;
calyx leafy, as long as the ray ; disk hemispheri-
cal ; chaff lanceolate.
HAB. Mountain meadows. Aug. U . Stem 2 —
3ft. high; rays 12—14, yell.
R. hiria : very hairy ; stem virgate, somewhat
branched, 1-flowered ; leaves spathulate, lanceo-
late, triply nerved, serrate, hairy ; scales of the
calyx imbricate, in a triple series, shorter than the
ray ; chaff obovate, acute.
HAB. Mountains. Aug. U- Stem 2— 3 ft. high.,
subsimp. ;fl. solit., yell.; rays 14.
501. BIDENS. Burr-marygold. Compositor.
. B. ccrnaa : flowers subradiate, cernuous ; exterior
calyx as long as the flower; leaves lanceolate, sub-
connate, dentate.
HAB. Ditches, Lc. Aug.— Oct. ®. Stem 1— 2
ft. high ; rays yell., often wanting.
3. minima : leaves lanceolate, serrate, sessile ; flow/
era erect.
HAB. Low wet place?. Aug. Stem 4 — 8 tit. high ;
//. very small.
. B. chrysanthemoides : flower9 radiate, cernuous;
rays thrice as long as the nearly equal calyx:
leaves oblong, attenuate at each end, dentate, con
nate at the base,
i 1 AH. Wetplaces. Aug.— Oct. ©. Stem 1— 3
ft. high ; JL large ; rays 3, lanceol.
'. B. frondosa : flowers discoid ; exterior calyx six
time? as long as the flower; its leaflets ciliate at t ht
base; lower leaves pinnate ; upper ones tomato
lanceolate, 9errate.
H2 SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA.
HAB. Shady wet places. Aug. © . Stem 2 ft.
high, branch. ; rays 0 ; steds 2-awned.
t. B. connata: flowers discoid ; exterior calyx thrice
as long as the flower ; cauline leaves ternate ; la-
teral leaflets connate; floral ones oblong-lanceolate.
HAB. Meadows, &c. Aug.— Sept. ©./Stem 2
— 3 ft. high, smooth; leav. subglauc.
I B. bipinnata : flowers subradiate ; exterior calyx as
long as the interior ; leaves bipinnate ; segments
linear-pinnatifid.
HAB. Fields. July— Sept. ©. Stem B— 12 tw,
high; leav. finely divid. ; rays 0, or 1 — 3.
3. B. Beckii: stem subsimple ; submersed leaves, di-
vided into many linear and dichotomous segments;
flower erect, solitary, terminal.
HAB. Deep water. Aug. 4. ? Stem 2—5 ft.
long; emersed leav. lanceoL or trifid; fl. radiate.
i02. COREOPSIS. Tickseed-sunflower. Composite
* Leaves opposite, undivided.
C. rosea: small, very smooth ; stem simple : leaves
linear, entire ; axils leafy ; flowers few, long-
pedunculate, axillary and terminal ; seeds very
entire, naked.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U. A foot high; lea.v.
subconnate ; rays 3-tooth., red.
* * Leaves opposite, divided.
C. trichosperma : smooth ; leaves subquiuate, pin.-
nate ; segments linear-lanceolate, serrate ; flowers
corymbed ; leaflets of.the exterior calyx ciliately
serrate; ray9 entire; seeds cuneate, 2 — 4-toothed.
HAB. Cedar swamps, &c. Aug. — Sept. £. Stem
2 ft. high, dichot.; rays lanceoL, yell.
C. tripteris: smooth; leaves petiolate, lanceolate}
very entire ; radical ones pinnate; of the stem ter-
nate; rays entire; seeds obovate, naked at the
apex.
HAB. Mountain meadows. Aug. H . Stew 4 ft.
high, terete: fl. small, yell,
I.
SYNGENESIA.— NECESSARIA. 313
* * * Leaves alternate.
4. C. gladiata : stem smooth, dichotomous above:
leaves narrow-lanceolate, very entire, thick, atten
uated into a petiole ; seed obovate, winged ; the
wings serrulate ; pappus 2-bristled.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. Sept. $. Stem 2 ft.
high; rays 8, 3-tooth., yell.
j. C.aspera: leaves lanceolate-linear, rough ; upper
ones alternate, inferior opposite ; stem 1 -flowered,
HAB. Maryland.
503. ACTINOMERIS. Composite.
A? squarrosa: stem erect, winged, pubescent and
paniculate above ; leaves lanceolate, serrate, sca-
brous ; calyx spreading, loose ; receptacle subglo-
bose, at length squarrose.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U. Stem 3— 4 ft. high:
leav. altern.; rays long, -wh. or yell.
NECESSARIA.
504. SILPH1UM. Composite.
5. ternatum : stem terete, smooth ; leaves verticil-
late by three;?, petiolate, lanceolate, unequally
subdentate, somewhat scabrous, ciliate at the base ;
upper ones scattered and sessile ; panicle dicho-
tomous ; calyx ciliate.
HAB. Mountain meadows. July. U. Stem A —
(}ft. high ; Jl. corymb., loose, yell.
2. S. trifoliatum ; stem G-angled, smooth ; leaves ver~
ticillate by threes, ovate-lanceolate, unequally
toothed and serrate, scabrous ; upper ones ses-
sile ; panicle trichotomous.
HAB. River swamps. Aug. U • Stem 5 — Oft-
high ; lower leav. subovate ; rays 14, yell.
). S. perfoliatum : stem quadrangular, smooth ; leaves
opposite, connate, ovate, serrate.
HAB. Mountains. Aug. U. Steffi 6 ft. high.
petiol. decurrent ; rays 24, yell.
314 GYNANDRIA.— MONANDRIA.
505. POLYMNIA. Composite.
1. P. canadensis : viscid and villous; leaves denticu-
late, acuminate ; lower ones pinnatifid ; upper 3-
lobed or entire.
HAB. Shady rocks. July. U. Stem 2-3 ft*, high ;
leav. thin; fi. in term, clusters, yell.
2. P. Uvedalia : leaves opposite, 3-lobed, acute, at-
tenuate into a petiole, decurrent, the lobes angu-
lar-sinuate ; rays elongate.
HAB. Fields, &c. July. U . Stem 3— 5 ft. high ;
leav. scab, beneath ; fl. larger.
506. IV A. Bastard Jesuit's bark. Composites .
1. frutescens : fruticose ; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceo-
late, deeply serrate, subscabrous ; flowers de-
pressed-globose.
HAB. Salt-marshes. Aug. — Sept. ^. Stem much
branch., 3 — 4ft. high; leav. thick.
SEGREGATA.
507. ELEPHANTOPUS. Elephant's-foot. Composite.
1. E. carolinianus : leaves of the root and stem ob-
long, tapering at the base, hairy ; stem branched,
leafy, hairy.
HAB. Dry soils. Sept. U . Stem 2 ft. high ; fl,
in term, dust., pur p.
GYNANDRIA
MONANDRIA.
* Anther adnate, subterminal and persistent. Pollinia
affixed by the base, composed of angular grains, elas-
tically cohering.
508. ORCHIS. Cor. ringent; upper lip vaulted. Lip
dilated, with a spur beneath. Pollinia 2, ter-
minal, adnate.
f>09. HABENARIA. Cor. ringent. Lip spurred at
the base beneath. Glands of the stalks of the
GYNANDRIA.— MONANDRIA, 315
pollinia naked and distinct ; cells of the stalks
adnate, or separated.
* * Anther persistent, parallel with the stigma. Pollinia
affixed to the summit of the stigma, composed of an-
gular grains, or farinaceous.
510. GOODYERA. Cor. ringent ; the 2 lower petals
placed beneath the gibbous lip, which is undi-
vided at the extremity. Column free. Pollen
angular.
511. NEOTTIA. Cor. ringent; the 2 lower petals
placed beneath the lip, which is beardless ; in-
terior petals connivent. Column apterous. Pol-
len farinaceous.
512. LISTERA. Cor. irregular. Lip 2-lobed, pen-
dent. Column apterous. Anther fixed by its
base.
* * * Anther terminal, inserted, persistent. Pollinia
farinaceous or angular, affixed by the base or below
the extremity.
513. POGONIA. Petals 5, distinct, without glands.
Lip sessile, cucullate, internally crested. Pol-
len farinaceous.
514. TRIPHORA. Petals 5, distant, equal, and con-
nivent, without glands. Lip unguiculate, cu-
cullate. Column spathulate, flattened, apter-
ous. Pollen farinaceous.
515. CALOPOGON. Petals 5, distinct. Lip behind
(or inverted,) unguiculate ; the lamina bearded.
Column free. Pollen angular.
516. ARETHUSA. Petals 5, connate at the base.
Lip beneath growing to the column, cucullate
above, and crested internally.
* * * * Anther terminal, moveable, deciduous. Pollinia
at length becoming waxy.
517. TIPULARIA. Petals spathulate, spreading. Lip
sessile, entire, with a conspicuous spur at the
base beneath. Column apterous, porrected,
free. Anther operculate, persistent ; pollinia
4, parallel.
31G GYNANDRIA.— MONANDRIA.
518. MALAXIS. Petals 5, narrower than the li r
spreading or deflexed. Lip flattened, undi
dcd, sessile, often exterior. Pollinia 4, pa
lei with each oilier, fixed to the stigma by then-
extremities.
319. CORALLORH1ZA. Petals equal and conriivent.
Lip mostly produced at the base. Column free.
Pollinia 4, oblique, (not parallel.)
520. APLECTRUM. Petals equal, connivent. Lip
unguiculate, not produced at the base. Anther
situated below the summit of the column ; pot
linia 4, oblique, lenticular.
DIANDRIA.
m. CYPRIPEDIUM. Lip ventricose, inflated, sac-
cate. Petals 4 ; the under one bifid. Column
terminating in a petaloid lobe.
HEXANDRIA.
522. ARISTOLOCHIA. Cal. 0. Cor. 1-petalled, li-
gulate, with a ventricose base. Caps. 6 -celled
many-seeded, inferior.
DODECANDRIA.
723. ASARUM. Cal. subcampanulate, 3— 1-cleft.
Cor. 0. Anthers annate to the middle of the
filaments. Caps, inferior, 6-celled, crowned
with the calyx.
GYNANDRIA.
MONANDRIA.
508. ORCHIS. Orchidec*.
O. spectabilis: lip obovate, undivided, crenate, re
tuse ; petals straight, the lateral ones longer ; horn
clarate, shorter than the germen ; bracts longe1
1han the flower ; stem leafless,
GYN ANDRIA.— MONANDRIA. 3 1 7
HAB. Shady rocks. May — June. U . Leav. rad.,
large ; fl. large , purp. and wh.
2. O Iflava : lip ovate, entire, partly crenulate ; horn
attenuate, filiform and about the length of the ger-
men ; spike crowded ; bracts longer than the
flower.
HAB. Meadows. June. U . FL pale orange-
yell. , rather small.
3. O ? obsoleta : lip oblong, lanceolate, undivided ; pe-
tals erect ; horn obtuse, scrotiform, as long as the
germen.
IIAB. Shady places. July. U ♦ Bracts very
short.
4. 0 ? tridentata: lip lanceolate, 3-toothed at the ex-
tremity ; petals obtuse ; horn filiform, clavate, a=
cending, longer than the germen.
HAB. Swamps. July. U. Stem 1—2 ft. high.
slend. i fl. small, gr. -white.
509. HABENARIA. Or chide a;.
',. U. ciliaris : lip oblong-lanceolate, pinnately ciliate,
twice as long as the petals ; horn longer than the
germen.
HAB. Swamp*. Aug. U. Stem 2 ft. high ; spike
dense ; jl. bright orange.
2. H. blephuriglottis : lip lanceolate, ciliate, as long as
the upper petal ; horn much longer than the ger-
men.
HAB. Swamps. July. U. Stem 2 ft. high; fl.
pure white.
>. N. cristata : lip oblong, pinnately ciliate ; petals
rounded ; the two lateral ones toothed ; horn
shorter than the germen.
J JAB. Swarnps. July. y. . Leav. lanceol. ; fl.
crowded, rather small, yell.
1. H. jisycodes : lip 3-parted ; segments finely divided ;
petals obtuse ; horn filiform-clavate, ascending.
longer than the germen.
HAB. Swamps. July — Aug. \[ . Spike long ; fl.
middle sized, grcenish-wh.
5. II. integra : lip oblong, entire, longer than the in
ner petals ; spur longer than the germen, acute
D d2
318 GYNANDRIA.— MONANDRIA.
at the point ; stem leafy ; bracts shorter than the
flowers.
HAB. Swamps. July. U . Flowers orange yell..
smaller than in No. 1.
6. H. huronensis : lip lanceolate, acuminate, entire.
and incurved ; petals subulate and connivent ; spur
about the length of the lip, incurved ; petals flat :
stem leafy.
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. U . Stem 1—2 ft.
high; spike dense, long; Jl. greenish, small.
7. H. dilatata : lip linear, very entire, rather obtuse,,
rounded and dilated at the base ; horn as long as
the lip, shorter than the germen j bracts as long
as the flower ; stem leafy.
HAB. Mountain woods. July. lj. . Stem 2— 4 ft,
high, very thick ; fl. gr. or "wh.
8. W.fuscescens: lip ovate, toothed at the base ; petaU
spreading ; horn subulate, as long as the germen ;
bracts longer than the flower.
HAB. Mountain meadows. July. lj. . Stem thick ;
spike long ; Jl. purp.-yell.
9. H. herbiola : lip oblong, obtuse, toothed at the base;
palate 1 -toothed ; horn filiform, shorter than the
germen ; bracts longer than the flower.
HAB. Swamps. June. U. Stem I ft. high; Jl.
small, yellowish.
10. H. bracteata : lip linear, emarginate, and obscure-
ly 3-toothed at the extremity ; petals subconni-
vent ; lateral ones ovate and broader ; horn ob-
tuse, scrotiform ; bracts spreading, twice as long
as the flower ; leaves subovate or oblong.
HAB. Shady woods, &e. June. U. Stem 8— 12
in. high, leafy ; spike loose ; Jl. green.
11. H. orbiculata: lip linear, very entire, obtuse ; the
3 upper petals connivent ; the 2 lateral ones
spreading, oblique at the base ; horn longer than
the germen ; scape with 2 orbicular leaves at the
base.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. U. Scape 12— 18
IS. high; leav. very large ; Jl. loose, gr.-zvhite.
12. H. macrophylla : lip lanceolate, entire, acuminate :
spur longer than the germen, terete, nearly
GYNANDRIA.— MONANDRIA. 31S
straight ; upper petals ovate, acute ; scape with 2
broad-oval suberect leaves at the base.
HAB. Meadows. June. U. Stem 1 ft. high;
leav. large ; fl. gr. -yell
13. H.fimbriata: lip 3-parted, scarcely longer than
the petals ; segments cuneiform, ciliately fimbri-
ate ; lateral petals ovate, fimbriate-toothed ; horn
filiform, clavate, longer than the germen.
HAB. Meadows. July. U- Stem 2 ft. high ; fl.
large, beautiful purp.
14. H. grandiflora : lip dependent, twice as long as
the petals, 3-parted ; segments cuneiform, fimbri-
ate, the middle one largest, with the fimbriae con-
nivent ; lateral petals fimbriate ; spur ascending,
clavate, longer than the germen ; leaves oval-ob-
long.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. U. Stem 2 ft. high ,
thick; fl. very large, purp,
f 5. H. incisa : lip 3-parted ; segments cuneiform, in-
cisely toothed, the intermediate one emarginate :
lateral petals obtuse, subdentate ; horn subulate,
ascending, longer than the germen.
HAB. Meadows. July. 7/. Stem 2— 4 ft. high;
fl. purple.
!*". U.fissa: lip 3-parted ; segments cuneiform, den-
tate ; intermediate one 2-lobed : horn filiform,
clavate at the extremity, ascending, longer than
the germen.
HAB. Mountain meadows. July. U. Stem tall ,
fl. dark purple.
510. GOODYERA. Orchidece.
1. G . pubescens : radical leaves ovate, petiolate, reti-
culate ; scape sheathed, and with the flowers pu-
bescent ; lip ovate, acuminate ; petals ovate.
HAB. Woods. July — Aug. U . Leav. radical,
dark green with wh. veins ; fl. wh.
1. G. repens: radical leaves ovate, petiolate, reticu-
late ; scape sheathed, and with the flowers pu-
bescent; flowers unilateral ; lip and petals lanceo
late.
HAB. Woods. July. U Scape 8 in. high
leav. small; Jl. gr.~wh.
520 GYNANDRIA.— MONANDRIA.
1 , NEOTTIA. Ladies' tresses. Orchideit.
1 . N. tortilis : radical leaves linear ; scape sheathed ,:
flowers spirally secund ; lip somewhat 3-lobed;
the middle lobe larger and crenulate.
HAB. Meadows and woods. July. U . Scape
slend., 12 in. high; fi. num., wh. ; root fascic.
B. gracilis : radical leaves ovate, caducous, membra-
naceous.
HAB. Dry woods. Scape very slend., smooth.
2. N. cernua : leaves linear-lanceolate, nerved ; stem
sheathed ; spike densely flowered ; flowers re-
curved-drooping ; lip oblong, entire, acute.
HAB. Boggy grounds. Aug. — Oct. tt . Stem 8—
12 in. high,pubes. above ; fl. gr.-wh.
&. major : stem tall, somewhat leafy ; flowers very
large.
HAB. Woods. Sept. Stem 2 ft. high ; Jl. 3 timto
ens large as in the common variety.
y? latifolia: stem short; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
subradical, flat.
HAB. Mountain meadows. Stem 4 — 8 in. high ;
leav. broad ; lip ovate, obtuse.
512. LISTERA. Tway-blade. Orchideai.
1. L. cor data : stem with only 2 opposite roundish-
cordate ; raceme loose ; column without any ap-
pendage behind ; lip elongate, 2-toothed at base,
deeply bifid ; the segments subdivaricate and
acute.
JIAB. Sphagnous swamps. May. U. Stem 4— -
8 in. high; raceme 7 — \b-Jl. ;fl. minute, gr.-purp.
J. L ? convallarioides : stem with only 2 opposite oval-
roundish leaves, pubescent above ; raceme few-
flowered (4 — 6) ; column porrected ; lip oblong,
dilated, and obtusely 2-lobed at the extremity.
I JAB. Swamps. U. Stem 6 in. high, slend. ; Jl.
much larger than in No. 1.
513. POGONIA. Orchidece.
1 . 1*. ophioglossoides : root fibrous ; scape furnished
GYNANDRIA.— MONANDRIA. 32i
with an oval-lanceolate leaf and a foliaceous bract
near the flower ; lip fimbriate.
IIA13. Swamps. July. U . Root fascic. ; scape 1
ft. high ; fl. solit., large, purp.
1. I\ vcrlicilluta : leaves 5, oblong-lanceolate, verti
cillate ; flower solitary ; the 3 exterior petals
very long, linear ; interior shorter, oblong, ob-
tuse ; lip 3-lobed, middle segment undulate.
MAB. Swamps. July. U . Stem 8— 12 in. high
leav. term.; ext. pet. greenish-brown.
514. TRIPHORA. Otchidete.
T. pendula : root tuberous ; stem leafy, about 3-flow-
ered at the summit ; leaves ovate, alternate
flowers pedunculate ; peduncles at length recur-
ved.
JIAB. Rocky woods. Sept. U. Stem a span
high, succut. ; JI. purp.
515. CALOPOGON. Orchidea.
C. pulchellus : radical leaves ensiform ; scape few-
flowered.
HAB. Swamps. July. U. Stem I ft. high ; fl.
3 — 4, large, purp. ; root bulb.
516. ARETHUSA. Orchidea.
\.bulbosa: leafless; root bulbous; scape sheathed,
1 -flowernd.
IIAB. Swamps. June. U. Stem 8—12 in. high ,
JI. solit., large, purp.
517. T1PULARIA. Orchidca-.
1\ discolor.
HAB. Pine barrens. July. Root bulb. ; leaf so
lit,, ovate, petiol., plicate ; fl. racem.,fezv, nodding,
greenish.
o
510. MALAX1S. Orchidea.
I. M. tiliifolia : leaves 2, ovate-lanceolate ; scape tri-
angular ; interior petals filiform, reflexed : lip
concave, obovate, acute at the tip.
322 GYNANDR1A.— DIANDR1A.
HAB. Woods and swamps. June. U . Leav^.
large, rod.; scape 6 — 10 in. high; fi. gr. -white.
* Subgenus. MICROSTYLIS.
Lip sessile and concave, erect, the summit truncate
and bidentate; column minute; anthers 2; pollinia 3.
2. M. ophioglossoides : leaf solitary, ovate, amplexicaul ;
stem pentagonal.
IIAB. Swamps. June. U . Stem a span high,
with 1 leaf; fl. minute, gr. -white.
519. CORALLORHIZA. Dragon's claw. Orchideoz.
1. C. verna : petals linear-lanceolate, spreading; lip
oblong, without spots, bidentate at the base ; apex
recurved, ovate ; spur obsolete, adnate.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. May. 2{. Leafless;
root coralloid ; scape 5 — 6 in. high; fl. small,
yellow-gr.
2. C. odontorrhiza : lip oval, undivided, obtuse, spot-
ted ; spur obsolete, adnate ; capsule subglobose.
HAB. Shady woods. Aug. — Sept. U . A foot
high, leafless, sheathed ; fl. purplish.
3. C. multiflora : scape many-flowered (15 — 30) ; lip
cuneate-oval, 3-parted, recurved, spotted ; spur
conspicuous, adnate.
HAB. Shady woods. Aug. — Sept. Scape 12 — 15
in. high ; fl. purp. and spotted.
520. APLECTRUM. Orchidea.
A. hyemale.
HAB. Woods. May. %. Root bulb. ; leaf solit.,
ovate, striate ; scape 12 in. high, vagin. ; fl. gr.'
purp. ; lip 3-cleft, not spotted.
DIANDR1A.
521. CYPRIPEDIUM. Ladies' slipper. Orchidex.
1. C. candidum : stem leafy; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late ; lobe of the style lanceolate, rather obtuse ;
lip shorter than the lanceolate petals, compressed.
HAB. Pennsylvania. May. U . Fl. wh. Resem-
bles C. Calceolus,
GYNANDRIA.— HEXANDRIA. 323
2. C. parviflorum : stem leafy ; lobe of the style tri-
angular, acute ; exterior petals ovate-oblong, acu-
minate, interior linear and contorted ; lip shorter
than the petals, compressed.
HAB. Woods. May — June. U. Pet. gr.-brown ;
lip yell., spotted.
3. C. pubescens : stem leafy ; lobe of the style trian-
gular-oblong, obtuse ; exterior petals ovate-ob-
long, acuminate ; interior very long, linear, con-
torted ; lip shorter than the petals, compressed.
HAB. Meadows and woods. May — June. U.
Stem 1 — 3 ft. ; fl. gr.-yell, spotted ; leav. pubes.
4. C. spectabile : stem leafy ; lobe of the style ellip-
tical-cordate, obtuse ; exterior petals broad-oval,
obtuse ; lip longer than the petals, cleft before.
HAB. Swamps. June. U . Stem 2—3 ft. high ;
2 — 3fl.t thick; lip wh. and purp.
5. C. arietinttm : stem leafy ; lobe of the style orbi-
cular ; petals 5, the 2 lower ones linear-lanceo-
late, deflexed ; the 2 lateral linear, spreading ;
upper one oblong-ovate, acute ; lip as long as the
petals, inversely conical.
HAB. Wet woods. May. U. Stem 6—8 in.
high ; fl. small; pet. gr.-brown; lip. retic.
G. C. acanle : scape leafless, 1 -flowered ; radical
leaves 2, oblong, obtuse ; lobe of the style round-
ish-rhomboidal, acuminate, deflexed ; petals lan-
ceolate ; lip shorter than the petals, cleft before.
(IAB. Woods. May— June. U. Scape 1 ft. high :
fl. very large ; lip purp.
HEXANDRIA.
522. AUISTOLOCHIA. Birthwort.
1. A. Sipho : leaves cordate, acute ; stem twining ,
peduncles 1 -flowered, furnished with an ovate
bract ; corolla ascending, the border 3-cleft and
equal.
HAB. Mountains. June. T2. Stem long; leav.
very large; cor. long, dark purp.
2. A. Scrpentaria ; leaves cordate, oblong, acuminate:
stem flexuous ; peduncles radical ; lip of the c©
rolla lanceolate.
324 MONOECIA.— MONANDRIA.
HAB. Shady woods. June. U. Root Jib r.; stem
8—10 tit, high, genie. ; ft. purp*
D0DECANDR1A.
523. ASARUM. Indian ginger.
1. A. canadense : leaves broad-reniform, geminate;
calyx woolly, deeply 3-parted ; the segments sub-
lanceolate, reflexed.
HAB. Shady rocks. May — June. U . Leav. long-
petiol., pubes. ; ft. axilL, pendul., solit.
2. A. virginicum : leaves solitary, roundish-cordate,
smooth and coriaceous ; flower subsessile ; calyx
short-campanulate, smooth externally.
HAB. Rocky woods. April. U . Lean, very
smooth ; seg. of cal. obtuse.
MONOECIA.
MONANDRIA.
5241 ZOSTERA. Stam. and pist. inserted in 2 rows
upon one side of a spadix. Spath foliaceous.
sterile fl. Anth. ovate, sessile, alternating
with the germens. fertile fl. Germ, ovate.
Style bifid. Drupe with 1 seed.
325. CAUL1NIA. sterile fl. Perianth 0. Anth.
sessile, fertile fl. Perianth 0. Style fili-
form ; stigma bifid. Caps. 1 -seeded.
526. ZANN1CHELLIA. sterile fl. Perianth 0.
fertile fl. Cal. 1 -leaved. Cor. 0. Style
1 : stigma peltate. Capsules about 4, sessile.
527. EUPHORBIA. Involucrum resembling a calyx,
ventricose, the alternate segments (petals L.
nectaries?) petaloid. sterile fl. 12 or more,
mostly simple, each consisting of an anther with
its filament articulated to a pedicel, (coming to
maturity successively.) Cal. and Cor. very
rarely present, fertile fl. solitary, central,
stipitate. Cal. and Cor. 0. Styles 3, 2-cleft.
Caps. 3-lobed.
MONOECIA.— TETRANDRIA, 32d
DIANDRIA.
>28. PODQSTEMUM. sterile fl. Perianth 0.
Stam. 2, affixed to a common pedicel, fertile
fl. Germ, ovate ; stig. 1, sessile. Caps. 2-
celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds minute
TRIANDRIA.
529. TYPHA. Ament cylindrical, dense, sterile
fl. Perianth 0. Stam. 3 together, upon a chaf-
fy or hairy receptacle, united below into 1 fila-
ment, fertile fl. below the sterile. Perianth
0. Pericarp pedicellate, surrounded with a
hairy pappus at the base.
530. SPARGAN1UM. Ament globose, sterile fi
Cat. 3-leaved. fertile fl. Cal. 3-leaved,
Drupe dry, 1 — 2-seeded.
531. CAREX. Flowers collected into an imbricate
ament. Glume I -flowered. Cor. ventricose:
1-valved, persistent, including the caryopsis.
532. SCLERIA. sterile fl. Cal. 2- or 6-glumed,
many-flowered. Valves of the Cor. unarmed
fertile fl. Cal. 2 or 6 glumed, 1 -flowered.
Cor. 0. Stig. 1 — 3. Nut coloured, subglo-
bose.
533. TRIPSACUM. sterile fl. Glume 2-flowered ;
the exterior flower sterile, the interior neuter.
Valve of the Cor. membranaceous, fertile
fl. Glume 2-flowered ; exterior valve resem-
bling an involucrum, perforate near the base
Cor. 2-valved. Styles 2. Seed 1.
>34. COMPTONIA. sterile fl. Ament cylindric ;
scales 1 -flowered. Cor. 0. fertile fl. Anient
ovate. Cal. at length 6-leaved. Cor. 0. Stylet
-\ JVut oval, 1 celled.
TETRANDRIA.
ERIOCAULON. Florvers collected into a coin
pact scaly head, sterile fl. in the disk. Pe-
rianth sinele, 4-cleft ; the 2 inner segments
Ee
326 MONOECIA.— PENTANDRIA.
united nearly to their summit. Stam. 4 — i
fertile fl. in the margin. Perianth single,
deeply 4-parted. Style 1. Stig. 2 — 3. Caps*
2 — 3-lobed, 2 — 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
536. ALNUS. sterile fl. Ament composed of 3-
flowered, cuneiform truncate receptacles. Cal*
the scales of the ament, 3-lobed. Cor. 4-parted.
fertile fl. Scales of the ament 2-flowered,
subtrifid. Cor. 0. Seed compressed, wingless.
537. BOEHMERIA. sterile fl. Cal. 4-parted.
Cor. 0. Nectary 0. fertile fl. Cal. and
Cor. 0. Seed 1, compressed.
538. URTICA. sterile fl. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. 0.
Nectary (abortive germen ?) central, mostly
cyathiform. fertile fl. Cal, 2-leaved. Pe-
ricarp 1 seeded, shining.
539. PARIETARIA. Flowers polygamous, perfect.
Cal. 4-cleft. Cor. 0. Stam. elastic. Style 1.
Seed 1, superior, fertile. Cal. 2-leaved.
Seed covered by the dry and elongated calyx.
540. MORUS. sterile fl. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. 0.
fertile fl. Cal. 4-leaved, becoming a berry
Cor. 0. Styles 2. Seeds solitary.
PENTANDRIA.
541. CROTONOPSIS. sterile fl. Cal. 5-parted.
Cor. 5-petalled. fertile fl. Cal. 5-parted.
Cor. 0. Stig. 3, twice bifid. Cap. 1-seeded
512. AMARANTHUS. sterile fl. Cal. 3—5-
leaved. Cor. 0. Sta?n. 3 — 5. fertile fl.
Cal. 3—5 leaved. Cor. 0. Styles 3. Caps. 1-
celled, opening transversely all round. Seed 1.
543. XANTHIUM. sterile fl. Cal. imbricate.
Anthers approximate, but not united. Recept.
palaceaceous. fertile fl. Cal. a 2-leaved
involucrum, 1-flowered. Cor. 0. Drupe? dry,
muricate, 2-cleft. Nut 2-celled.
544. AMBROSIA, sterile fl. Cal, 1 -leaved. Anth.
approximate, but not united. Recept. naked.
fertile fl. Cal. 1 -leaved, entire or 5-toothed.
1-flowered. Cor. 0. Nut formed from the in
durated calyx, 1-seeded.
MONOECIA.— POLYANDRIA. 32'
HEXANDRIA.
Ao. ZIZANIA. sterile fl. Cal. 0. Cor. 2-valved
subuvned. fertile fl. Cal. 0. Cor. 2-valved.
cucullate, awned. Style 2-parted. Seed 1, in-
vested by the corolla.
5*6. HYDROCHLOA. sterile fl. Cal. 0. Cor. 2-
valved, awnless. fertile fl. Cat. 0. Cor. 2-
valved, awnless. Stig. 2, very long. Seed J
reniform.
POLYANDRIA.
547. CERATOPMYLLUM. sterile fl. Cal. many-
parted. Cor. 0. Stain. 16 — 20; anth. tricus-
pidate. fertile fl. Cal. many-parted. Cor.
0. Stig. nearly sessile, oblique. Nut 1 -seeded.
518. MYRIOPHYLLUM. sterile fl. Cal. 4-cleft.
Petals 4, caducous. Stam. 4, 6, or 8. fertile
fl. Cal. 4-leaved. Petals 4. Stig. 4, pubescent ;
styles 0. Nuts 4, subglobose, 1 -seeded.
549. SAGITTARIA. sterile fl. Cal. 3-leaved.
Pet. 3. Stam. definite, fertile fl. Cal. 3-
leaved. Pet. 3. Germens numerous. Peri-
carps aggregated, 1 -seeded, not opening.
550. QUERCUS. sterile fl. in a loose ament. Cal.
mostly 5-rleft. Cor. 0. Stam. 5 — 10. fer-
tile fl. Invohicrum cup-shaped, scaly. Cal.
incorporated with the germen, 6-lobed. Germen
3-celled; 2 of the cells abortive. Style 1 ; stig.
3-5. Nut (acnrn) 1-celled, coriaceous, 1 seed-
ed, surrounded at the base by the enlarged
cup-shaped involucrum.
551. CORYLUS. sterile fl. in a cylindrical ament,
itfl scales 3-cleft. Perianth 0. Stam. 8 ; anth.
1-celled. FERTILE fl. Cal. obsolete. Germ.
several ; stig. 2. Nut ov;ite, surrounded with
the enlarged coriaceous and scaly involucrum.
FAGUS. sterile fl. in a globose ament. Cal,
5— G-cleft, campanulate. Stam. 5 — 12. FEB
ri.. (2. Involucrum 4-lobed, prickly.
single, i—5-ckft. Styles 3. Nut 1 -seeded, in
led in the enlarged echinate involucrum.
328 MONOECIA.— POLYANDRIA.
653. CASTANEA. sterile fl. in a long, naked cy
lindrical ament. Cal. 1 -leaved, 6-cleft. Stam.
10 — 12. fertile fl. 3. Involucrum 4-lobed;,
thickly muricate. Cal. 5 — 6-lobed. Styles 6.
Nut mostly 1 -seeded, invested with the enlarg-
ed involucrum.
554. BETULA. sterile fl. in a cylindrical ament ;
scales peltate, 3-flowered. Cal. 0. Cor. 0.
Stam. 10 — 12. fertile fl. Scales of the ament
3-flowered. Cal. 0. Cor, 0. Styles 2. Nuts
compressed, with a broad- winged margin, 1-
seeded.
555. CARPINUS. sterile fl. in a cylindrical ament :
scales ciliate. Stain, about 10. fertile fl.
in a loose ament; scales large, 3-lobed, 1 — 2-
flowered. Cal. 3-cleft. Styles 2. Nut ovate,
sulcate, 1 -seeded.
556. OSTRYA. sterile fl. in a cylindrical ament ;
scales 1 -flowered. CaZ. 0. Filaments branched
fertile fl. Ament naked. Cal. 0. Cor. 0.
Ca/9$. inflated, imbricate, 1-seeded at the base,
557. PLATANUS. Flowers in globose aments. sterile
Cal. 0. Cor. minute. Anth. adnate to the fila-
ments from the base, fertile. Cal. many-
parted. Cor. 0. Stig. recurved. Caps, sub-
clavate, 1-seeded, mucronate with the per-
sistent style ; base surrounded with a hairy
pappus.
558. LIQTJIDAMBAR. sterile fl. in a conic ament*
surrounded with a 4-leaved involucrum. Cal.
and Cor. 0. Filam. numerous, sterile fl.
Ament globose, surrounded with a 4 -leaved in-
volucrum. Cal. 1-leaved, urceolate, 2-flower-
ed. Styles 2. Capsules 2, surrounded by the
base of the calyx, 1-celled, many-seeded.
559. JUGLANS. sterile fl. Ament imbricate ; the
scales mostly 5-parted. Cal. about 5-parted.
Stam. 20 — 30. fertile fl. Cal. 4-cleft, su-
perior. Cor. 4-parted. Styles 1 — 2. Drupe
partly spongy ; nut rugose and irregularly fur-
rowed.
. CARYA. sterile fl. Ament imbricate : scale?
3-parted. Cal. and Cor. 0. Stam. 4 — 6. fee
MONOECIA.— MONADELPHIA, 82$
tile ft,. Cal. 4-cleft, superior. Cor. 0. Styles
0 ; stig. subdiscoid, 4-lobed. Pericarp 4-
valved. Nut subquadrangular, even.
56k ARUM. Spaihe 1 -leaved, cucullate. Cal. and
Cor. 0. Spadix naked above, bearing sessile
anthers below the middle, and germens at the
base. Berry 1-celled, many-seeded.
562. LECONTIA* Spaihe convolute. Cal and Cor. 0.
Spadix covered with flowers, fertile at the base,
sterile above. Berry 1 -seeded.
563. CALLA. Spath ovate, somewhat flattened. Spa-
dix covered with flowers ; barren and fertile in
mixed. Cal. and Cor. 0. Berry many-seeded.
.
MONADELPHIA.
564. PINUS. sterile fl. Scales peltate. Cal. and
Cor. 0. Anth. 2, sessile, 1-celled. fertile
fl. in an ovate or conical strobile ; scales
closely imbricate, 2-flowered. Cor. 0. Nut
winged, covered by the scales of the cone.
565. THUYA, sterile fl. Ament imbricate. Cal,
and Cor. 0. Anth. sessile, 4. fertile fl. 0.
Strobile with the scales 2-flowered. Cor. 0.
Nut 1, winged.
566. CUPRESSUS. sterile fl. in an ovate ament ;
scales peltate. Cal. and Cor. 0. Anth. 4, ses-
sile, fertile fl. Strobile with the scales pel-
tate. Cal. and Cor. 0. Germens 4 — 8 under
each scale of the strobile. Nuts angular, com
pressed.
567. ACALYPIIA. sterile fl. Cal. 3— 4-parled.
Cor. 0. Slam. 8 — 16. fertile fl. Cal. 3-
leaved. Cor. 0. Styles 3. Caps. 3-celled
Seed 1 in each cell.
568. PIIYLLANTHUS. sterile fl. Cal. 5—6-
parted. Filam. often columnar ; anth. 3. fer-
; ii i i r . resembling the sterile. Nectary a 12-
angled margin. Styles 3. Caps, mostly 3-grained.
569. MELOTHRIA. sterile fl. Cal. 1 -leaved, 3—
* A nciv genus proposed by Mr. W. Cooper, and named in-
lonom- of C »pt. I-ecoote of the U. S. A.
E e 2
330 MONOECIA— MONANDRM,
5-toothed. Cor. campanulate. Stain. 3, grow-
ing to the tube of the corolla, fertill fl,
Cal. and Cor. as in the sterile. Germen infe-
rior ; style 1 ; stig. 3. Berry 3-celled, many-
seeded.
570. MOMORDICA. sterile fl. Cal. 5— 6-cleft.
Cor. 5 — 6-parted. Filam- 3. fertile fl.
Style 3-cleft. Pepo dry, bursting elastically.
571. SICYOS. sterile fl. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor.
5-parted. Filam. 3. fertile fl. Style 3
cleft, Pepo 1 -seeded.
MONOECIA.
MONANDRIA.
524. ZOSTERA. Grass-wrack. Fluviales.
Z. marina: leaves entire, somewhat 3-nerved ; stem
roundish.
HAB. Sea shore. Leav. linear, 3-4 tin, broad, 2 —
4 ft. long ; spad. lin., sheath,
525. CAULINIA. Fluviales.
1. C.flexilis: leaves verticillate by sixes, linear, den-
ticulate at the extremity, spreading.
HAB. Flowing water. Aug. — Sept. U ? Stem
submerge branch. ; fl. axill., sess.
2. C.fragilis: leaves by threes, or opposite, linear-
subulate, recurved, with aculeate dentures, rigid,
HAB. Ditches, &c. Aug. Stem long, brittle, sub*
526. ZANN1CHELLIA. Horned pondweed. Flu
viales,
1. Z. palustris : anther 4-celled ; stigmas entire; peri-
carps toothed on the back.
HAB. Ditches, &c. © . Stem long, filif. ; leav.
oppos., lin. : fl. axill., small.
2. Z. intermedia* : anther 2-celled ; stigmas dentate
senate ; seed smooth, entire on the back.
MONOECIA.— MONANDRIA. 331
IIAB. Salt marsh ditches. July. ©. Submerged,
stemfllif. ; leav. entire ; fl. inconspic.
527. EUPHORBIA. Spurge. Euphorbiacect.
\. TZ.hypericifolia: smooth, branched, erect-spreading;
branches divaricate; leaves opposite, serrate, oval-
oblong, subfalcate, on very short petioles; corymbs
terminal and axillary.
HAB. Fields and dry soils. July — Aug. © . Very
smooth, 12 — 18 in. high ; leav. spot.
& ? hirsuta : stem slender, hairy ; leaves oblong,
smooth, serrulate.
HAB. Sandy soils. Aug. Much branch., 8 — 12
in. high ; stem purp.
!. E. maculata : stem procumbent, spreading flat on
the ground, much branched, hairy ; leaves oppo-
site, oval or oblong, serrulate, oblique at the base,
on short petioles, smooth above, hairy and pale
beneath ; flowers solitary, axillary, much shorter
than the leaves.
HAB. Sandy fields. July— Oct. ©. St em 6—12
m. long; fl. appearing fascic.
*>. E. polygonifolia : procumbent, divaricate, very
smooth, succulent ; leaves oblong and linear-
lanceolate, entire, obtuse at the base, sometimes
subcordate ; flowers solitary in the forks of the
stem; stipules simple.
IIAB. Sea shore. July— Sept. U. Stem 8 in.
long; stip. subul. ; fl. minute.
1. E. Ipecacuanha : procumbent or suberect, very
smooth ; leaves opposite obovate and lanceolate ;
peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, elongated.
HAB. Pine barrens. May— June. 1|. Root ta-
pering, very long ; leav. variable, cllipt., obovate,
or linear, (in young plants broad.)
5. E. corallata : umbel 5-cleft, 3-cleft, and dichoto-
mous ; floral and cauline leaves oblong, obtuse,
alternate dentures of the involucrum petaloid, ob
ovate.
HAD. Fields, kc. June. U- Stem 1—2 ft.
high, erect, sub simp. ; fl. conspic.
E . portulaccoides: erect, leaves entire, oval, re
332 MONOECIA.— DIANDRIA.
tuse ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, as long at
the leaves.
HAB. Sandy soil. U. A variety of the preceding ?
7. E. Peplus : umbel 3-cleft, dichotomous ; floral
leaves ovate, of the stem obovate, very entire,
petiolate.
HAB. Sandy soil. July. ©. Flor. leaves large :
fl. conspic,
3. E. ohtumta: umbel 3-rayed, twice dichotomous;
floral leaves ovate, rather obtuse, subcordate ;■ of
the stem alternate, sessile, spathulate, serrulate,
smooth ; capsule muricate.
HAB. Fields. July. U. Stem 12— 18 in. high,
smooth) subsimple below.
9. E. mercurialina : stem slender and weak, simply 3-
cleft ; leaves opposite and ternate, subsessilc
oval, entire ; peduncles terminal, solitary, 1-
flowered.
HAB. Shady rocks. July— Aug. U :
JO. E. pilosa : umbel of 5 primary rays and bifid ; flo
ral leaves ovate ; cauline lanceolate, somewhat
hairy, serrulate at the extremity ; petaloid seg-
ments of the involucrum entire.
HAB. Woods/fee. June— July. U. Stem 1— £'
ft. high,
H. E. dentata: hair}' ; leaves opposite, oval, dentate ;
flowers crowded at the summit of the stem.
IIAB. Shady rocks. July — Aug. ©. Upper
leov. spotted.
12. E. helioscopia : umbel of 5 primary rays and bifid ;
floral leaves obovate ; cauline cuneiform serrate.
HAB. Rich soil. ©. Stem erect ; leav. scattered
caps, smooth.
DIANDRIA.
628. PODOSTEMUM. Fluviales.
P. ceratophyllum.
IIAB. Rocks, in streams. July, ty . StemfiUf..
float. : leav. pinnate ; ft. axilL
MONOECIA.— TRIANDRU. 33'
TRIANDRIA.
.29. TYFHA. Reed-mace. Avoided
1. T. laiifolia : leaves linear ; sterile and fertile spikes
approximate on the same rachis, both cylindrical.
IIAB. Water. June— July. U . Culm 5 ft . high ;
spikes dense; leav. 1 in. broad,
2. T . angustifolia : leaves linear, canaliculate, semi-
cylindric below and flattish above ; sterile and fer-
tile spikes a little separate.
HAB. Water, June— July. U- Culm 4— 5 ft.
high; leav. 5-6 lin. broad.
530. SPARGANIUM. Burr-reed. Aroidea;.
1. S. ramosum : leaves triangular at the base, their
sides concave ; common flower stalk branched ;
stigma linear.
HAB. Borders of lakes, &c. Aug.— -Sept. U.
Two ft. high; leav. ensif, long.
2. S. americanum : lower leaves equal with, or ex-
ceeding the stem, which is nearly simple ; floral
ones concave at the base and erect ; stigma sim-
ple, ovate-oblong, oblique, scarcely more than
half the length of the style.
IIAB. Lakes. Aug. H. Stem 12 in. high ; lower
leav. curinate ; fertile heads 2 — 5.
3. S. nutans : leaves long, flat, floating ; common
flower-stalk simple ; stigma ovate, very short ;
head of sterile flowers subsolitary.
IIAB. Lakes. Aug. U. Stem long, slend.; leav.
very narrow, linear, thin.
531. CAREX.« Sedge. Cyperoideat.
A. Inflorescence dioecious.
1. C. sterilis : spikes dioecious ; sterile 3—5; fertile
about 6, (sometimes androgynous ;) fruit ovate,
a Tor full descriptions of the species enumerated below, sec
ihe Monograph of North American Carices, by Rev. Mr. Sclnvci
nitz and myself, in the Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. History.
334 MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA.
compressed, triquetrous ; margin ciliate-serrate
apex recurved and bicuspidate.
HAB. Marshes. May. U. Culm 8—12 in. high ;
spik. subapprox.. oblong.
B. Inflorescence monoecious.
* All the spikes androgynous.
t Spike solitary.
a. Summit staminiferous.
?. C. Fraseri : spike simple, ovate; fruit ovate-sub-
globose, entire at the point, longer than the oblong
glume ; leaves lanceolate, undulate, crenulate ;
scape sheathed at the base.
HAB. Mountains. April. 1J. . Leav. broad, radi-
cal.
3. C. Willdenovii : spike simple, ovate; sterile and
fertile flowers about 6 ; fruit ovate, subglobose at
the base, rostrate ; glumes ovate, acuminate, the
inferior ones very long and foliaceous, much ex-
ceeding the culm.
HAB. Rocky woods. May— June. U. Culm a
span high ; inf. glum. 1 — 2 in. long.
4. C. polytrichoides : spike simple ; fruit oblong-lan-
ceolate, compressed triquetrous, obtuse, emar-
ginate ; glumes oblong-obtuse, mucronate.
HAB. Dry hills and bogs. May. U. Culm a
foot high, very slend. ; leav. narrow -linear.
5. C. pauciflora : spike about 4 -flowered ; sterile
flower subsolitary, terminal ; fruit lanceolate,
terete, reflexed ; fertile glumes caducous.
HAB. Sphagnous bogs. June. i|. . A span high ;
fr. long., yell., caduc.
b. Summit pistilliferous.
6. C.squarrosa: spike mostly simple, (sometimes
spikes 2 — 3,) very thick, oblong-cylindrical ;
fruit imbricate, at length horizontal, smooth, sub-
squarrose, bidentate at the point, longer than the
lanceolate glume.
HAB. Bogs. June. 1J.. Culm 2 ft. high'; spikr
i in, !on%, h in. thick.
MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA. 33S
* * Spikes several, aggregated into a head.
7. C. cephalophora : spikes collected into an elliptical
head ; fruit ovate, scabrous on the margin above;
about equal to the ovate subaristate glume.
IIAB. Hills. May. H. Culm 1—2 ft. high, ces<
pit., wiry; head subtri fid.
* * * Spikes distinct, (not aggregated into a head.)
a. Summit staminiferous.
1. With 2 stiginas.
3. C. bromoides : spikes 4 — 6, alternate, oblong, erect,
uppermost one sterile above, the rest pistilliferous
or androgynous (sterile above and below ;) fruit
erect, lanceolate acuminate, scabrous, nerved, bi-
fid, longer than the ovate-lanceolate glume.
HAB. Bogs. May. 1*. Culm 12—18 in. high,
slend. ; spik. sitbdist., h in* long.
9. C. retrojlexa : spikes about 4, subapproximate,
ovate, the lowest one with a short bract ; fruit
ovate-lanceolate, bidentate, scabrous on the mar-
gin, spreading and reflexed, as long as the ovate
acute glume.
HAB. Meadows, &c. May. U. Culm 8—12 in.
high, subhexang. ; spik. 3 — 4 — 5.
10. C. rosea: spikes 4 — 6, remote, about 9-flowered;
the lowest one with a setaceous bract overtopping
the culm ; fruit ovate, acuminate, diverging and
radiate, scabrous on the distinct margin, twice as
long as the ovate obtuse glume.
IIAB. Moist woods, &c. May. H . Culm 12 in.
high ; spikes 1 in. distant, yell.-gr.
11. C. disperma : spikes about 3, rather remote,
mostly 2-flowered, somewhat erect, the lowest
one bracteate ; fruit ovate, rather obtuse, nerved,
plano-convex, smooth, with a scabrous margin, en-
tire at the point, twice as long as the ovate, obtuse
submucronate glume.
IIAB. iMountain woods. May — June. U . Culm
6 — 12 in. high ; fruit small.
12. C. Muhlenbergii : spikes about 5, ovate, crowded
at the summit of the culm, bracteate at the base ••
336 MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA.
fruit broad-ovate, compressed, nerved, bifid, some
what diverging, scabrous on the margin, rather
shorter than the ovate mucronate glume.
HAB. Woods. May. U. Culm 1—2 ft. high;
plant dark green.
13. C.stipata: spike compound, oblong; spikelets
numerous (10 — 15,) oblong, aggregated, bracte-
ate ; bracts a little longer than the spikelets ; fruit
lanceolate, subterete and smooth below, spreading,
bidentate at the point, which is scabrous, twice as
long as the glumes.
HAB Swamps. April. U. Culm 1 — 3 ft. high,
thick, small ; spik. crowded.
14. C. sparganioides : spikelets about 8, many-flower-
ed ; upper ones approximate, lower ones subdis-
tant, bracteate ; fruit ovate, compressed, acumi-
nate, bifid, diverging, scabrous on the margin,
twice as long as the ovate mucronate glume.
HAB. Meadows. May. U . Culm 2 ft. high ;
2 — 4 lowest spik. remote.
15. C. multiflora : spike oblong, decompound, bracte-
ate, interrupted ; spikelets glomerate, ovate-ob-
long, obtuse ; fruit ovate, acuminate, compressed,
crowded, bifid, 3-nerved, serrulate on the mar-
gin, at length diverging, rather shorter than the
ovate cuspidate glume.
HAB. Wet meadows. May. U. Culm 2 ft. high,
obtusely triang. ; spike subpanic.
16. C. setacea : spike oblong, decompound, bracteate ;
spikelets glomerate, ovate, obtuse ; fruit ovate,
acuminate, compressed, bifid, subdiverging, as
long as the ovate-lanceolate awned glume.
HAB. Meadows. June — July. U . Culm 18—
30 in. high, acutely triang., sulcate.
17. C. paniculata: spike decompound, paniculate, in-
terrupted, the branches alternate and somewhat
remote ; fruit ovate, acuminate, spreading, mar-
gined above, bifid.
HAB. Wet meadows. May. H . Culm 18 in.
high ; spikes not black in age.
18. C. teretiuscula : spike decompound or paniculate,
dense, subacute, (often dioecious, at length brown,)
spikelets with short bracts at the base : fruit ovate.
MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA. 337
acuminate, somewhat gibbous at the base, biden-
tate, ciliate-serrulate on the margin.
HAB. Bogs. May. tt . Culm 18 in. high ; spike
narrow ; fr. and glume brown.
2. With 3 stigmas.
19. C. pedunculata : spikes about 4, on long peduncles.,
very remote ; fruit obovate, triquetrous, obtuse,
smooth, entire at the orifice ; glumes ovate, mu
cronate, (purple and green.)
HAB. Rocky hills. May. U-. Culm filif., 6 in.
high ; pedunc. mostly radical.
20. C. ovata: spikes about 5, pedunculate, ovate, pen-
dulous ; fruit obovate, acute ftt each end, as long
as the ovate acute glume.
HAB. Canada. U. Spikes densely imbricate;
glumes brown.
C. Summit pistilliferous.
1. With 2 stigmas.
21. C. Dewey ana: spikes about 3, sessile, loose, two
of them approximate, the third distant, with long
bracts at the base, (except the highest ;) fruit ob-
long-lanceolate, subcompressed, rostrate, bifid at
the point ; beak serrulate ; culm flaccid.
HAB. Woods. June. W- . Culm 1—4 ft. high,
subprccumb. ; plant yell. -green.
22. C. loliacea : spikes about 4, rather distant, few-flow-
ered : fruit elliptical, obtuse, nerved, compressed,
erect.
HAB. Swamps. June. U. Culm 2 ft. high,
slend. ; spik. 3 — b-fl.
13. C. trisperma : spikes 3, remote, alternate, sessile,
ovate, uppermost one without a bract ; fruit ob-
long, acute (or short-rostrate) entire at the point,
many-nerved, subscabrous above, somewhat di-
verging, longer than the oblong acute hyaline
glume.
HAB. Mountain bogs. June. U. Culm 18 in.
high ; filif, prostr. ; plant pale green.
24. C. arida: spikes 8, (large) subapproximate, dry;
fruit elliptical, compressed, winged, terete in the
F f
338 MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA.
middle, acuminate at each eud, divergingly bifid ;
culm leafy.
HAD. Meadows. June. U . Culm 2— 3 ft. high ;
leav. dark green ; spik. gray.
25. C. lagopodioides : spikes numerous, (10 — 16,) el-
liptic, crowded ; bract beneath the lowest overtop-
ping the culm ; fruit lanceolate, acuminate, erect,
bicuspidate, with a narrow serrulate margin, twice
as long as the ovate-lanceolate glume.
HAB. Wet meadows. May. H . Spikes large,
at first subcylind.
26. C. scoparia : spikelets mostly 5, (sometimes 6 or
7,) ovate, sessile, approximate, aggregate, lowest
one bracteate ; fruit ovate-lanceolate, margined,
nerved, smooth, bicuspidate longer than the lan-
ceolate acuminate glume.
HAB. Wet meadows. May. U. Fruit not wing-
ed, tawny zvhen mature.
27. C. straminea: spikes about 5, (4 — 7,) roundish,
approximate, with short bracts at the base ; fruit
roundish-ovate, rostrate, compressed, broadly-
ovate, bidentate, serrulate, longer than the lanceo-
late glume.
HAB. Wet meadows. May. U . A foot high ;
spikes yellowish ; fr. acuminate.
28. C. foznea: spikes numerous, (8 — 10,) inferior
ones distinct, upper ones aggregated and conBuent ;
fruit ovate, acuminated, winged, bidentate, some-
what longer than the ovate glume.
HAB. Marshes. June. U . Culm obtusely triang. ;
spik. subglob. ; glumes rigid.
29. C. cristata : spikes numerous, (8 — 15,) aggregated
into a kind of head ; fruit ovate-lanceolate, winged,
diverging, serrate, longer than the ovate-lanceo-
late glume.
HAB. Wet thickets. June. H . Spik* crowded
into an ovate head.
30. C.festucacea : spikes obovaie, (5 — 8.) subap-
proximate, bracteate ; fruit roundish-ovate, ros-
trate, bidentate, winged, serrulate on the margin,
longer than the ovate-lanceolate glume.
HAB. Woods and meadows. May. U . Fruit green
or silver-gray, not becoming tawny.
MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA. 339
31. C. stellulata: spikes 3 — 4, rather remote, upper
one attenuate at the base, the rest ovate ; fruit
ovate, plano-convex, spreading, and at length re-
flexed, short-acuminate, scabrous on the margin.
IIAB. Wet places. May. U. Culm 8—18 in.
high ; Jr. broad ; point subentire.
32. C. scirpoides : spikes 4, ovate, obtuse, approxi-
mate, uppermost one clavate ; fruit ovate, bi-
dentate, plano-convex, erect, and a little spread-
ing, but not reflexed, subcordate, serrulate, longer
than the ovate obtuse glume.
IIAB. Meadows. May. U. Culm 6— 12 in. high,
strict ; jr. not re/lexed.
33. C. curta : spikes about 6, subremote, somewhat
cylindric-ovate, tumid, sessile ; fruit short-ovate,
plano-convex, rather acute, erect, entire at the
point.
HAB. Wet meadows. May. U . Culm nodding
at the end ; glume 7vhitish.
34. C. tenera: spikes about 5, obovate, rather remote,
sessile, attenuate at the base, the lowest bracteate ;
fruit ovate, compressed, rostrate, serrulate, longer
than the oblong-lanceolate glume.
IIAB. Moist meadows. May. U. Culm 15—30
in. high; spik. brownish. (Is it C. sterilis ?)
35. C. remota ; spikes alternate, remote ; bracts leafy,
very long ; fruit ovate acuminate, bifid, somewhat
compressed.
IIAB. Woods. Pennsylvania?
2. With 3 stigmas.
(J. atrata : androgynous spikes 3, pedunculate,
crowded, subpendulous in fruit, (black ;) fruit
roundish-ovate, with a short beak, bidentate.
HAB. High mountains. June. Culm C in. high ;
spik. large, black.
~ * Terminal spikes androgynous; the rest pistilli-
ferous ; stigmas 3.
-7. C. virescens : spikes 3, oblong, erect ; upper one
pedunculate, sterile below, the rest fertile, sub-
sessile and bracteate ; fruit ovate, obtuse, costate,
pubescent.
340 MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA.
HAB. Dry woods. May. Culm 1—2//. high;
leav. and sheath pubes. ; plant dull green.
3. costata : spikes larger ; fruit strongly costate :
exterior sheaths purple.
HAB. Rocky hills. Culm 2—3 ft. high.
S8. Chirsuta: spikes 3, erect, approximate, densely
fruited, upper one ovate-oblong, on a short pedun-
cle ; the rest ovate, subsessile, bracteate ; fruit
roundish-ovate, nerved, obtuse, smooth, orifice
entire, longer than the ovate acuminate glumes ;
leaves and sheaths pubescent.
HAB. Rocky woods. May. Culm 12 — 18 in.
high; spik. thick ; young fr, pubes*
•9. C. Buxbaumii : spikes about 4, obovate, subre-
mote, upper one androgynous and pedunculate,
the rest sessile, with very long bracts ; fruit ovate,
obtuse, rather compressed, orifice entire, shorter
than the ovate acuminate (brown) glume.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. June. Culm 2 ft. high;
glume dark br. ; ft. green.
40. C. digitalis : spikes mostly 4, distant, slender, pe-
dunculate, loosely-flowered, nodding ; uppermost
androgynous, fertile above; the rest all fertile;
fruit oblong, subtriquetrous, obtuse, smooth,
longer than the oblong mucronate glume.
HAB. Meadows. May. Culm 18 in. high, slend. ;
spik. filif. ; plant pale green.
41. C.formosa : spikes 4, oblong, thick, distant, on ex-
sert peduncles, nodding, uppermost one sterile at
the base ; fruit oblong, triquetrous, somewhat in-
flated, rather acute at each end ; orifice nearly en-
tire or 2-lobed, obscurely nerved, twice as long
as the ovate acute glume.
HAB. Meadows. Culm 12 — 18 in. high; leav.
often subpubes. ; plant yellowish-green.
12. C. Torreyana : spikes 4, filiform, pedunculate,
somewhat nodding, uppermost one sterile at the
base ; fruit oblong, triquetrous, acute at each end,
slightly 2-lobed, shorter than the oblong awned
glume ; leaves and sheaths pubescent.
HABV Meadows. Culm 18 in. highf leafy; spik-.
*Und.; rachisjlex. ; glum, hyaline.
M0N0EC1 A.— TRIANDRIA. 34 1
■ * * * * Staminiferous and pistilliferous spikes distinct.
t Staminiferous spike solitary.
2. With 2 stigmas.
43. C.novce anglice: sterile spike on a short pedun-
cle ; fertile 2 — 3, sessile, ovate, few-flowered,
rather remote ; fruit oval-subtriquetrous, rostrate,
minutely pubescent, longer than the ovate-mucro-
nate glume ; culm slender, subdecumbent.
IIAB. High mountains. Culm 6 — 8 in. high; leav.
sm. ; spik. mostly 4-Jl., lowest dist.
41. C. aurea : fertile spikes mostly 3, oblong, loose-
flowered, subpendulous, rather approximate,
lower ones pedunculate ; fruit obovate or pyri-
form, obtuse, nerved, entire at the orifice, longer
than the ovate acute glume.
IIAB. Wet rocks. May— June. Culm 3— 10 in.
high, subprocum. ; fruit dark orange.
2. With 3 stigmas.
Pistilliferous spikes sessile, or with the peduncles in-
closed.
15. C. varia : fertile spikes 2—3, approximate, few-
flowered, ovate, subsessile ; sterile spike sessile,
(or on a short peduncle ;) fruit subglobose, acu-
minate, bifid, obtusely triangular, hispidly pubes-
cent, as long as the ovate acuminate glume.
KAB. Rocky woods. April. Culm 8 — 12 in.
highffilif. ; fr. ventricose.
16. C. marginata : sterile spike pedunculate; fertile
spikes mostly 2, approximate, subglobose, sub-
sessile ; fiuit globose, woolly, bidenlate, longer
than the ovate-oblong glume.
IIAB. Dry woods. April. Culm G — 12. in. high;
sttrile spike subtrigon. ; glume margined.
i~. Cvestita: sterile spike mostly solitary (rarely
geminate, with the upper one elongate,) peduncu-
late, cylindrical-oblong ; fertile 2, ovate-oblong,
6essile, subapproximate, sometimes sterile at
the summit ; fruit ovate, subtriquetrous, nerved,
with a short rostrum, pubescent, rather longer
than the ovate mucronate glume.
Ff2
M2 MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA.
HAB. Wet sandy soil. June. Culm 2 ft. high ;
glum, brown ; Jr. bidentate.
48. C. pubescens: sterile spike subsessile ; fertile 3,
oblong, erect, rather loosely-flowered, ihe lowest
on a short peduncle ; fruit ovate triquetrous,
rostrate, pubescent, orifice nearly entire, as long
as the ovate mucronate glume ; leaves and culm
pubescent.
HAB. Woods. May. Culm 12 — 18 in. high, erect
or subdecum. ; leav. pale gr.
19. CJlava: sterile spike on a short peduncle ; fer-
tile mostly 8, ovate, subapproximate, (the lowest
rather remote,) on short included peduncles ;
fruit ovate, densely imbricate, bidentate, with a
curved and reflexed rostrum, shorter than the
ovate-lanceolate glume.
HAB. Highland meailows. Culm 12 — 14 in. high,
(sometimes 3 — 1 ;) plant yellowish.
50. C. (Ederi : sterile spike on a short peduncle ; fer-
tile about 3, ovate, approximate, subpedunculate,
densely flowered ; fruit ovate-globose, horizontal,
with a straight rostrum.
HAB. Wet rocks and banks. June. Culm 6—12
in. high ; spik. andfr. small, yell.
61. C. tentaculata: fertile spikes 2—3, (rarely 4,)
sessile, ovate or ovate-cylindrical, approximate,
horizontal ; bracts very long ; fruit ovate, ven-
tricose, nerved, with a very long rostrum, orifice
bidentate, longer than the lanceolate glume.
HAB. Wet meadows. May— June. Culm 12— 18
in. high; spik. very large, thick.
62. C. nigra : sterile spike pedunculate ; fertile 2 — 3,
(rarely 4,) rather remote, oblong (black,) sessile,
erect ; fruit obovate, compressed-triquetrous,
subacute, orifice entire, as long as the ovate glume.
HAB. High mountains. July. Cidm 8—12 in.
high] Jr. smooth, nerveless; styles 2 — 3.
63. C. lupulina : sterile spike on a short peduncle,
(rarely geminate ;) fertile 3, subsessile, ovate-ob-
long, erect, approximate ; bracts very long and
leafy ; fruit ovate, inflexed, nerved, long-rostrate,
bicu9pidate,much longer than the ovate glume.
MOx\OECIA.— TRIANDRIA. 343
1IAB. Swamps. June. Cidm 2 — 3 ft. high, thick
and leafy ; spike very thick.
B. polyslachia : fertile spikes 5, oblong-cylindric,
lowest one remote, on a long peduncle.
HAB. Swamps. Culm 2 ft. high; spik. 2—3 in.
long.
54. C. folliculata : sterile spike pedunculate; fertile
2, (often solitary,) roundish, approximate, few-
flowered, upper one sessile, lower one short pe-
duncle ; bracts leafy ; fruit ovate, acuminate-
rostrate, ovate, reflexed and diverging, bicuspi-
date.
1 1 AB. Swamps. June. Culm 18 in. high; spik.
6 — 10-jfl. ,• pi. dark green.
55. C. Xanthophysa : fertile spikes 3 — 4, ovate, very
remote, pedunculate, few-flowered ; fruit oblong-
conical, somewhat inflated, striate, horizontal
when mature, acute, bifid, longer than the ovate
acuminate glume.
HAB. Swamps. June. Culm 2 — 4ft.high,slend.;
fr. i in. long; pi. yell.-gr.
56. C. subulata : sterile gpikes short-pedunculate ;
fertile mostly 4, ses-ile, or with included pedun-
cles, very remote, few-flowered, sterile at the
apex ; fruit subulate, reflexed, much longer than
the lanceolate glume ; culm very slender.
HAB. Cedar swamps. July. Culm 2 ft. high ;
spik. about 4-Jl.
57. C. ulpestris : fertile spikes 3, 5-flowered, the 2
uppermost approximate and sessile, the lowest
radical, on a long peduncle ; fruit obovate-oblong,
triquetrous, scarcely rostrate, subpubescent, ori-
fice oblique, as long as the oblong glume.
HAB. Woody hills. Culm 6 in. high.
§§ Pistilliferous spikes on exsert peduncles, partli
sheathed at the base.
0, alba ; sterile spike pedunculate; fertile 2—3,
pedunculate, about 5-flowered ; fruit obovate,
with a short rostrum, obliquely truncate ; sheath
at the base of the culm hyaline, leafless.
HAB. Limestone hills. June. Culm 1 — 10 in.
high, slend. ', bracts zih. ; fr. dark.
314 MONOECiA.— TKIANDRIA.
50. C. plantaginea : fertile spikes mostly 4, on pedun-
cles scarcely exserted, loosely-flowered ; fruit ob-
long-cuneiform, triquetrous, recurved at the apex;
culm sheathed at the base ; sheaths of the culm
all leafless, (coloured ;) leaves broad.
1IAB. Mountain woods. April — May. Culm 8 —
12 in. high, leafless ; sheath purp.
60. C. anceps : fertile spikes mostly 3, remote, sub-
cylindric, loosely flowered, lower ones peduncu-
late ; fruit ovate, triangular, acute, striate, nar-
rowed at the base, orifice obscurely bidentate,
about as long as the ovate cuspidate glume.
HAB. Woods. April— May. Culm 12—14 iff.
high; hyemal leav. very broad.
61. C oligocarpa : fertile spikes 3, pedunculate, few-
flowered ; lower peduncles elongate ; fruit short-
ovate, acutely triangular, with a short rostrum,
orifice entire, longer than the ovate glume.
1JAB. Rocky woods. May. Culm 6 in. high,
slend. ; leav. subglauc. ; spik. 5 — 8-Jl.
CI. C.scabrata: fertile ppikes 5, subremote, cylindri-
cal, mostly erect, lower ones long-pedunculate ;
fruit ovate, with an acuminate rostrum, subventri-
cose, scabrous, orifice oblique and somewhat bifid,
longer than the ovate-lanceolate ciliate glume.
11 AB. Bogs. May. Culm 18 in. high; leav. broad,
very scab. ; plant dark green.
63. C. conoidea : fertile spikes 2 — 3, oblong, remote,
rather loose, uppermost subsessile, lower ones on
long peduncles ; fruit oblong-conical, obtuse, re-
curved at the apex, as long as the awned glume.
II AB. Woods and meadows. May. Culm C— 12
in. high, leav. thin. ; spik. pale gr.
61. C. tetanicu : sterile spike long-peduncul;ite ; fer-
tile 2—3, remote, rather densely flowered, up-
per one subsessile, lowest on a long peduncle ;
fruit ovate-oblong, acute at each end, nerved, sub-
gibbous at the summit, oblique, orifice entire,
longer than the ovate mucronate glume.
HAB. Moist meadows. May. Culm 12 in. high ;
spikes very remote ; jr. subterete.
«;■>. C. laxiflora : sterile spike subsessile ; fertile most-
ly 3, rather loose, remote, pedunculate, erect ;
MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA. 345
fruit ovate oblong, ventricose, obtuse, somewhat
shining, longer than the ovate cuspidate glume.
HAB. Woods and meadows. May. Culm 12 —
18 in. high ; fr. inflated when mature.
66. C . granularis : sterile sessile or short-pedunculate;
fertile mostly 3, remote, cylindrical, dense ; up-
permost subsessile, lowest on a long peduncle ;
fruit globose-ovate, nerved, orifice entire ; ros-
trum very short and recurved.
HAB. Wet meadows. May. Culm 12 in. high;
Icav. subglauc. ; spikes cylind., thick.
67. C. sylvatica : fertile spikes mostly 4, remote, fili-
form, dense, peduncles nodding ; fruit ovate, ros-
trate, bifid, twice as long as the ovate mucronate
glume.
HAB. Woods. May. Culm 12—18 in. high ;
spik. lh in. long ; plant pale gr.
63. C.Jlexuosa; fertile spikes 4, remote, filiform, on
nodding peduncles ; fruit distant, alternate, oblong,
acute at each end, rostrate, bifid, twice as long as
the ovate-mucronate glume.
HAB. Meadows. June. Culm 18 — 24 in. high,
spik. 2 in. long ; rach.Jlex.
§ § § Pistilliferous spikes on long pedunclest nearly des-
titute of sheaths.
69. C. umbellata : cespitose ; fertile spikes mostly 4,
ovate, few-flowered, one sessile at the summit of
the culm, the rest on radical peduncles and appear-
ing subumbellate; fruit ovate, acuminate-rostrate,
subpubescent, as long as the ovate acuminate
glume.
HAB. Rocky hills. April. Culm 1—6 in. high;
leav. long ; spik. 3 — 5, 6 — ti-Jl.
70. C. miliacca : fertile spikes 3, slender and cylin-
drical, nodding, slender and filiform ; fruit ovate,
triangular, without nerve?, slightly ro-trate, ori-
fice entire, as long as the ovate-lanceolate glume.
HAB. Moist meadows. Culm 12—15 in. high ;
spik. subapprox., 1 — 2 in. long, gr.
71. C. pallescens : fertile spikes 2 — 3, ovate-cylindri-
cal, dense, at length somewhat nodding ; fruit ob-
ovate-oblong, obtuse; sheaths and culm pubes
cent.
346 MONOECIA— TRIANDRIA.
HAB. Wet meadows. May. Culm 12 in. kigh>
fert. spik. mostly 3, thick, pale gr.
72. C. hystericina : sterile spike pedunculate ; fertile
2 — 3, thick, at length cernuous, upper one in-
clusely pedunculate, the rest on exsert peduncles ;
fruit ovate, inflated, subhorizontal, many-nerved,
rostrate, orifice bifid, twice as long as the oblong
awned glume.
II AB. Wet meadows. May. Culm 12—18 in.
high; fert. spik. 1 in. long; plant yell. -gr.
73. C. Pseudo-cyperus : fertile spikes 4, cylindrical,
pedunculate, upper ones subgeminate ; fruit ob
long-lanceolate, rostrate, reflexed, many-nerved,
apex divaricately bifid.
HAB. Swamps. June. CuTm 2—3 ft. high, thick :
spik. 2 in. long, dense.
74. C. limosa : fertile spikes mostly 2, ovate or ob-
long-ovate, pedunculate, somewhat distant, pen-
dulous ; fruit suborbicular-elliptic, compressed.
with a very short rostrum, (green,) orifice entire,
as long as the ovate mucronate glume.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. June. Culm 9 — 15
in. high; glum, variable, ovate, oblong, acum. or
cuspid, often very long.
| | Staminiferous spikes 2 or more.
1. With 2 stigmas.
75. C. cespitosa : sterile spike subsolitary (or gemi-
nate ;) fertile mostly 3, cylindrical, obtuse, dis-
tant, the lower en a short exsert peduncle ; bract?
strict; fruit ovate, somewhat acute, densely fruit-
ed in about 8 rows, orifice minute ; longer than
the ovate (black and margined) glume ; leaves
spreading.
IIAB. ^fountain bogs. Culm 12 — 18 in. high;
leav. dark gr. ; fr. qr. nerveless.
76. C.crinita: sterile spikes geminate, (sometimes
androgynous ;) fertile 4, distant, pendulous, cylin-
drical, dense ; fruit roundish-ovate, ventricose.
slightly rostrate, orifice entire, much shorter than
the lu.ear glume.
MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA. 347
UAB. Swamps. June. Culm 2 — 4ft.high;leav.
pale gr. ; spik. 2 — 3 in. long.
p. gynandra : fertile spikes 3, oblong-cylindrical ;
fruit short-ovate, somewhat longer than the awned
glume.
HAB. Meadows. Culm 12—1 4 in. high ; fr. yel-
lowish when mature.
77. C. acuta : sterile spikes 1 — 3 ; fertile mostly 3,
subpedunculate, somewhat nodding, cylindrical,
remote ; fruit oblong, entire at the orifice, as long
as the oblong acute glume.
HAB. Wet meadows. Culm 2 ft. high, sharply
triquetr. ; glume br. ; Jr. nerveless.
2. With 3 stigmas.
78. C. Barraitii : sterile spikes subgeminate ; fertile
about 3, oblong-cylindrical, sterile at the summit,
nodding, distant ; fruit oblong, subtriquetrous,
somewhat scabrous, orifice subentire ; a little
shorter than the ovate lanceolate glumes ; leaves
glaucous.
HAB. Sea coast. Culm 12 in. high; leav. very
smooth ; glum, dark brown.
79. C. trichocarpa : sterile spikes 2 — 1, pedunculate,
(sometimes sterile at the summit ;) fertile 3, dis-
tant, pedunculate, erect, oblong-cylindrical ; fruit
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, bicuspidate, hairy,
longer than the ovate acuminate glume.
HAB. Swamps. Culm 3 ft. high; fertile spik.
thick, subcylindr. ; pedunc. oppress.
80. C. filiformis : sterile spike geminate; fertile 2,
ovate-oblong, sessile, distant ; fruit elliptical, vil-
lous, bifurcate, as long as the ovate-lanceolale
somewhat awned glume ; leaves convolute.
HAB. Bogs. Culm 2— 3 ft. high, slend. ; rad.
Uav. 2— 3 ft. long, filif above.
8 1 . C. vrsicuria : sterile spikes 3; fertile mostly 2,
pedunculate, cylindrical ; fruit oblong, inflated.
acuminate-rostrate, hicuaptcfate, longer than the
lanceolate glume ; culm acutely triquetrous.
1 1 A B. Wet meadows. May. Culm 2 ft. high ; spik.
dense, 2 — 3 in. long.
Campvifacea: sterile spikes 3; fertile 2-
,548 MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA.
cylindrical, short pedunculate, erect; fruit sub'
globose, inflated, rostrate, bifurcate, longer than
the lanceolate glume ; culm obtusely triangular.
HAB. Wet meadows. In N. America ?
«j3. C. retrorsa : sterile spikes about 3, lower one of-
ten fertile at the base ; fertile spikes about 5, ap-
proximate, (and clustered in a subcorymbose man-
ner,) oblong-cylindrical, inclusely pedunculate,
lowest one often remote ; fruit ovate, inflated, re-
flexed, rostrate, half as long as the lanceolate
glume.
HAB. Borders of ponds. Culm 2 ft. high; fert.
spik. thick, dense.
84. C. Schweinitzii : sterile spikes 2, upper one elon-
gate, pedunculate ; fertile 3, oblong-cylindrical,
subpendulous, rather remote, inclusely peduncu-
late ; fruit oblong-ovate, acuminate-rostrate, in-
flated, bifurcate, longer than the lanceolate attenu-
ate glume.
HAB. Wet sandy soil. June. Culm 12 in. high ;
spik. light straw-colour.
U5. Cbullata: sterile spikes 3 ; fertile 2, oblong-
cylindrical, rather loose, exsertly pedunculate and
somewhat nodding, distant ; fruit ovate-globose,
inflated, erect, smooth, costate, rostrate-acumi-
nate, orifice bifid, twice as long as the lanceolate
glume.
HAB. Bogs. Culm \8— 24 in. high, slend. ; fert.
spik. remote, few-Jim
l;6. C. pellita : sterile spikes 2, oblong ; fertile 2, cy-
lindrical, remote, erect, upper one sessile ; fruit
ovate, subtriquetrous, short-rostrate, hairy, bicus-
pidate, equal to the oblong awned glume.
HAB. Wet meadows. May. Culm 2i Jt. high:
leav. subrigid, flat.
87. C. lacustris : sterile spikes about 4 ; fertile 2 — 3,
erect, oblong-cylindrical, short pedunculate ; fruit
oblong, many-nerved, subrostrate, smooth, bifur^
cate, somewhat longer than the oblong mucronate
glume.
HAB. Deep swamps. June. Culm 3 — 5ft. high,
leav. broad: fr. brown*
38. C. longirostris : sterile spikes *% short : fertile S1^
MONOECIA.— TRIANDRIA. 349
3, cylindrical, loose, at length pendulous, long-
pedunculate, subdistant ; fruit ovate, subglobose
at the base, smooth, bi6d, rostrum very long,
longer than the lanceolate glume.
HAB. Meadows and rocky woods. Culm 2 ft. high,
slend.; pedunc.Jilif.
232. SCLER1A. Whip grass. Cyperacece.
1. S. triglomerata : culm erect, acutely triquetrous,
scabrous ; leaves broad-linear, subscabrous and a
little hairy ; spikes lateral and terminal, fascicu-
late ; glumes ciliate, mucronate ; nuts smooth and
polished.
HAB. Marshes. July. U. Culm 3— 4 ft. high ;
nut large, white, hard.
2. S. paucx [flora: stem triquetrous and with the nar-
row leaves smooth ; spikes lateral and terminal,
few-flowered, the lateral ones pendulous, terminal,
fasciculate ; glumes smooth ; seed roughened.
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. U. Culm 2 ft. high,
slend. ; lat. spikes 2.
. S. verticillata : stem simple, triquetrous, and with
the leaves smooth ; spike glomerate, naked, the
clusters alternate, distant ; glumes smooth ; seed
globose, mucronate, transversely corrugate.
HAB. Meadows. Aug. U. Culm 1 ft. high,
slend. ; nut small, tuberculaie.
533. TRIPSACUM. Sesame grass. Graminecs.
W dartyloides : spikes numerous, (3 — 4,) aggregate,
florets sterile near the summit, fertile at the base.
fJAB. Dry hills. Aug. U . Culm 5— 1ft. high .
spik. large ; stig. long, purp.
l. monostachyon : spike solitary.
IIAR. With the preceding.
534. COMPTONIA. Sweet fern,
G. aspleni folia.
HAB. * Woods. May. Shrub *—> 3 ft. high, aro.
matir ; leav. lobed-pinnat.
350 BIONOECIA.— TETRANDRIA,
TETRANDRIA.
535. ERIOCAULON. Pipewort. Resliacea>,
t. E. pellucidum : scape slender, about 7-furrowed :
leaves linear-subulate, canaliculate, smooth, pel-
lucid, 5-nerved, transversely striate ; head small,
globose ; scales of the involucrum oval, obtuse.
HAB. Water. June. U. Scape 4 — 6 in. high;
leav. rad., cesp. ; Jl. white.
2. E. decangulare : scape 10-furro\ved ; leaves ensi-
forrn, smooth ; head large, hemispherical ; scales
of the involucrum oval, acute ; of the receptacle
mucronate.
HAB. Water. Aug. Scape 2 — 4 ft. high ; leav,
without midrib ; Jl. wh.
536. ALNUS. Alder. Salicince.
1. A. serrulata : leaves obovate, acuminate, with the
veins and their axils hairy underneath ; stipules
elliptical, obtuse.
HAB. Low grounds. Blarch — Apr. Shrub 8 — 15
ft. high, much branch.
2. A. undulata : leaves oblong, acute, rounded at the
base, doubly serrate ; petioles and the veins be-
neath L.ury ; axils of the veins naked ; stipules
ovate-c'dong.
HAB. Mountain swamps. April. Shrub 3 — 4 ft.
high.
537. BOEHMERIA. Urticece.
B. cylindrica : leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, acu-
minate, dentate, smooth ; flowers dioecious ; ste
rile spikes glomerate, interrupted ; fertile cylin-
drical ; stem herbaceous.
HAB. Shady swamps. July — Aug. U. Stem
slend., 2 ft. high ; leav. petiol.; Jl. minute.
B. lateriflora : leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate;
acuminate, serrate, scabrous ; stem herbaceous.
HAB. Woods. July. 1*. Stem smooth; leav.
scabrous on both surfaces.
MONOECIA.— TETRANDRIA. 351
538. URTICA. Nettle. Urticetx.
!. \j.pumila: leaves opposite, ovate acuminate, 3-
nerved, serrate ; inferior petiole^ as long as the
leaves ; flowers monoecious, triandrous, in co-
rymbed heads, shorter than the pc oles.
HAB. Wet places. Jul;. — Aug. ©. Stem suc-
culent, semitransparent ; leav. shining,
:. U. urens: leaves opposite, elliptical, about 5-nerved,
acutely serrate ; spikes glomerate, by pairs.
HAB. Waste places. May. ®. Stem % ft: high ';
plant stinging. §.
3. U . dioica : leaves opposite, cordate, ovate-lanceo-
late, coarsely serrate ; flowers dioecious ; spikes
paniculate, clustered, by pairs, longer than the
petiole.
HAB. Roadsides, &c. May. U. Stem 2— 3 ft.
high, erect; fi. sm., green ; plant stinging. §.
4. U. procera : leaves opposite, ovate-Ian eolate, ser-
rate ; petioles ciliate ; flowers dioecious ; spikes
somewhat branched, clustered, by pairs, longer
than the petioles.
HAB. Shady banks. July— Aug. U. Stem 3— 4
ft. high ; leav. subacuminate.
">. U.capitata: leaves alternate, cordate-ovate, acu-
minate, serrate, 3-nerved, twice as long as the
petiole ; clusters spiked ; spikes solitary, shorter
than the leaves, leafy at the summit : -tern naked.
HAB. Shady woods. June — July. U- Stem 4 —
5ft. high ; leav. scab., on the stem opposite,
o. U. divaricata : leaves alternate, ovate, tcuminate.
rather smooth ; petioles long, cilia' ; panicles
axillary, solitary, much branched an- divaricate,
longer than the petiole ; stem stinging.
HAB. Damp rocky places. July — Aog. U . Stem
2 — 3 ft. high, branch. ; leav. not cortl'lc.
7. U. canadensis: leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate-
serrate, hispid on both sides; panicles axillary,
generally by pairs, much branched and divaricate,
inferior ones sterile and longer tha. the petiole,
upper ones fertile, elongate, stem very hispid
stinging.
332 MONOECIA.— PENTANDRIA.
HAH, Shady rocks. Aug. — Sept. U . Ste7n 4—
6 ft. high ; fibres tough.
539. PAKIETARIA. Pellitory. Urticece;
P '. pennsylvanica : leaves oblong-lanceolate, veined,
with opake dots ; involucrum 3-leaved, longer than
the flower.
HAB. Rocks. July. ©. Stem slend. 6— 12 in.
high, simple ; fl. axill., clustered.
540. MORUS. Mulberry. Urticece.
M. rubra: dioecious j leaves cordate, ovate, acuminate,
often 3-lobed, equally serrate, scabrous, pubes-
cent beneath ; fertile aments cylindrical.
HAB. Woods. May. A large tree, with long
branches ; leav. in young trees divided.
PENTANDRIA.
541. CROTONOPSIS. Euphorbiacece.
C. linearis: stem erect, dichotomously branching ;
leaves stellately pubescent above, covered with
silvery scales beneath.
HAB. Swamps in pine barrens. June. U. Stent'*.
12 — 18 in. high: leav. lane, or ovate.
542. AMARANTHUS. Amaranthacece.
I. A. lividus: flowers clustered, triandrous, in rounded
spikes ; leaves elliptic, retuse ; stem erect.
HAB. In cultivated grounds. Aug. ©. Stem 1
ft. high, smooth.
1. A. hybridus : flowers pentandrous ; racemes de-
compound, erect, crowded; leaves ovate-lanceo
late.
HAB. Waste grounds. Aug. ©. Stem 2—3 ft.
high ; racem. large, thick. §.
3. A. Blitum : flowers triandrous ; racemes somewhat
spiked ; flowers 3-leaved ; leaves ovate, retuse ;
stem spreading.
HAB. Waste places. July. 0. Stem- prostr.,
branched. §.
MONOEClA.— PENTANDRIA. 353
4, A. spinosus : flowers pentandrous, in terminal com-
pound racemes ; axils spiny.
HAB. Waste grounds. June — Aug. 0. Stem
branch., diffuse, mostly coloured. §.
5. A. pumilus : flowers pentandrous, in axillary clus-
ters ; leaves ovate, obtuse, emarginate, fleshy,
subrugose ; stem diffuse, smooth.
HAB. Sandy sea coast. Aug. 0. Stem and leav.
purplish; plant smooth.
543. XANTHIUM. Clot-weed. Urticece.
1. X. strumarium : stem unarmed, branching; leaves
cordate, lobed, unequally serrate, scabrous, 3-
nerved ; fruit elliptical, armed with uncinate rigid
bristles ; horns straight, spreading.
HAB. Old fields, &c. Sept. ©. Stem 2— 3 ft.
high ; leav. large ; fl. axill.
7. X. macrocarpon : stem unarmed, spotted; leave?
cordate, lobed, obscurely sinuate-dentate, sca-
brous, 3-nerved ; fruit oval, densely armed with
short rigid uncinate bristles ; horns incurved.
HAB. Near salt water. Aug. 0. Stem purp.-
spotted ; fr. very large, woolly.
3. X. spinosum: spines ternate ; leaves 3-lobed.
HAB. Waste places. Aug. 0. Stem 3 ft. high,
much branch. ; spin, long, yell.; fr. small.
544. AMBROSIA. Hog-weed. Urticece.
f , A. trifida : hairy, rough ; leaves 3-lobed, serrate,
with oval-lanceolate acuminate lobes ; fruit 6-
spined below the summit.
HAB. Along ditches, &c. Sept. ©. Stem 4— 6
ft. high; leav. very large; spik. long, axill. and
term.
2. A. elatior : leaves bipinnatifid, nearly smooth ; pe-
tioles ciliate ; racemes terminal, paniculate ; stem
virgate.
HAB. Fields. Sept. 0. Stem 1—3 ft. high,
pubes. when young ; seg. of leav. acute.
'•. A. artemisifolia : leaves bipinnatifid, hoary beneath,
the uppermost pinnatifid ; racemes by threes, tei>
minal ; branches fastigiate.
Gg2.
3M 3I0N0ECIA.— POLtANDIllA.
HAB. Fields. Aug.— Sept. 0. Stem 4 ft. high ;
leav. subpubes. above, whitish beneath,
4. A. heterophylla : leaves of the stem pinnatifid, sub-
dentate, petiolate ; uppermost ones lanceolate,
sessile ; petioles conspicuously ciliate ; racemes
terminal, solitary ; stem paniculate.
HAB. Banks of rivers and ditches. Aug.— Sept
HEXANDRIA.
545. ZIZANIA. Wild rice. Gramineu.
\. Z. aquatica : panicle pyramidal, divaricate and ste
rile at the base, spiked and fertile above ; pedicels
of the flower clavate ; awns long ; seed linear.
HAB. In water. Aug. U>. Culm 4 — 8 ft. high)
thick; leav. broad-lin. ; Jl. decid.
2. Z. miliacea : panicle effuse, pyramidal ; glumes
with short awns ; sterile and fertile florets inter-
mixed ; style 1 ; seed ovate, smooth ; leaves glau-
cous.
HAB. In water. U. Culm G ft. high; joint?
smooth ; leav. broad, perennial.
546. HYDROCHLOA. Graminea.
H. fluitans.
HAB. Lakes. July. U. Floating; culm long,
slender; leav. flat ; spik. solit., axill., setaceous;
glumes awnless.
POLYANDRIA.
5*7. CERATOPHYLLUM. Hornwort. Uncertain..
C. demersum : fruit armed with 3 spikes,
HAB. Underwater. July. U . Stem long, slend,.
much branch.; leav. verticill.
548. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Water milfoil. Haloragex,
f, M. spicatum: sterile flowers in interrupted leaflet
spiked whorls.
MONOECIA.— POLYANDRIA. 355
HAB. In water. Aug. — Sept. U. Stem slend.,
branch* ; leav. verticil, by 4'$, finely pectin,
i. M. verticillatum : leaves pinnate, capillary, upper
ones pectinate-pinnatifid ; flowers axillary, verti-
cillate, upper ones sterile, octandrous.
HAB. In water. July. U. Floating; upper f.
sometimes perfect.
3, M. heterophyllum: inferior leaves capillary-pinnate,
superior oval-lanceolate, acutely serrate ; flowers
hexandrous, the highest often perfect.
HAB. Lakes. July. H. Floating; stem simp,;
upper leav. in 5's and 6's ; Jl. purp.
1. M, capillaceum: leaves all capillarly-pinnate ;
flowers axillary, opposite, and alternate, te-
trandous, mostly perfect ; fruit quadrangular-
formed of 4 cylindrical seeds.
HAB. Ponds. July— Aug. U. Floating; stem
branch., dichot.; leaves hair-like,
.}. M. ambiguum : leaves petiolate, pinnate, the lowest
capillary, emerging ones pectinate, uppermost
nearly entire, subserrate ; flowers perfect ; an-
thers partly oblong ; fruit quadrangular.
HAB. Ponds. July. U. Floating, dichot.; leav.
at ten. at base ; Jl. axill. solit.
p. limosum : stem rosting, erect, or procumbent ;-
leaves rigid, partly entire, or divided above, with
setaceous divisions.
HAB. Miry shores. July. U. Stem 1 — 4 in,
high ; leav. spread. ; seg. 3 — 5 ; anth. oblong.
i. M. tenellum : erect, nearly leafless ; bracts entires
obtuse ; petals linear, conduplicate and revolute ;
flowers mostly perfect, tetrandrous.
HAB. Borders of ponds. July. ty. Stem simp,*
4 — 12 tin. high; Jl. alternate ; pet. oblong-lin,
SAGITTAR1A. Arrowhead. Jancecc.
'■-. S. sagittifolia : leaves sagittate, acute ; lobes acute
straight, lanceolate.
■:. latifolia: leaves broad-ovate, rather obtuse ; lobes
ovate, slightly acuminate, straight.
3. hojtata : leaves oblong-lanceohte, acute ; lobe1
35G MONOECIA.— POLYANDRIA.
spreading, lanceolate, long-acuminate ; flowers
mostly dioecious.
y. gracilis : leaves linear ; lobes much spreading,
linear, very long and acute.
J\ pubescens : leaves and stem pubescent ; bracts and
calyx very pubescent.
HAB. Ponds, &c. July. U. Leav. large; scape
1 — 2 ft. long ; fl. large, wh., verticil, in 3's.
2. S.obtusa : leaves sagittate, dilated-ovate, rounded
at the extremity, mucronate ; lobes approximate,
oblong, obliquely acuminate, straight ; flowers
dioecious ; sterile scape branched at the base.
IIAB. Ponds. Jury. U. Leav. large ; sap milk n.
affording gum ; fl. wh.
?■>. S. heterophylla : leaves simple, linear and lanceo-
late, acute at each extremity, or elliptical and
sagittate, with the lobes linear and divaricate :
scape simple, few-flowered ; flowers monoecious,
the fertile subsessile.
IIAB. Ponds. July. U. . Scape \ ft. high; leav*
rarely sagitt.
4. S. rigida : leaves narrow-lanceolate, carinate be-
neath, rigid, very acute at each extremity ; scape
branched ; flowers monoecious.
IIAB. Deep water. July — Aug. 4 . Very tall ;
petioles stiff ; fl. numerous.
5. S. simplex : leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, nar-
rowed towards the base ; scape simple, many
flowered ; flowers dioecious.
HAB. Muddy banks, &c. Aug. U. Scape 8— 15
ni. high ; leav. not rigid j fl. small.
6. S. acutifolia : leaves subulate, sheathed at the base.
convex on the back ; scape simple, few-flowered,
longer than the leaves ; flowers monoecious.
HAB. Muddy shores. Aug. H . Scape 6 in*
high; fl. pedunc. ; stam. 12 — 15.
7. S. pusilla : leaves linear, obtuse and short, a little
flattened, foliaceous at the summit ; scape simple,
mostly shorter than the leaves ; flowers monoe-
cious, few ; fertile flowers deflexed.
HAB. Muddy shores. Aug. H . Scape 2—4 in*
high ; fl. very small, fertile subsolit*
MONOECIA.— POLYANDRIA. 35?
550. QUERCUS. Oak. Corylacece.
* Fructification biennial; leaves setaciously mucronatt.
j Leaves entire.
1. Q. Phellos : leaves deciduous, linear-lanceolate, at-
tenuate at each end, very entire, smooth, mucro-
nate ; acorn roundish.
HAB. Sandy woods. A large tree ; young leav.
dentate ; acorn small.
2. Q,. imbricaria : leaves deciduous, oblong, acute at
each end, mucronate, very entire, shining, pubes-
cent beneath ; cup flat ; scales broad-ovate ; acorn
subglobose.
HAB. Woods and river banks. A large tree.
1 1 Leaves dentate, or with short lobes.
3. Q,. heterophylla : leaves on long petioles, ovate-
lanceolate and oblong, entire, or coarsely toothed ;
cup hemispherical ; acorn subglobose.
HAB. River banks. A hybrid ?
4. Q, aquatica : leaves obovate-cuneiform, smooth,
very entire, obscurely 3-lobecl at the end, with
the middle lobe largest ; cup hemispherical ;
acorn subglobose.
HAB. Swamps. Tree middle-sized ; leaves very
variable.
5. Q,. triloba : leaves oblong-cuneiform, acute at the
base, somewhat 3-lobecl at the end ; lobes equal
and mucronate, tomentose beneath; cup flat; acorn
depressed-globose.
HAB. Fine barrens. Tree small.
G. Q, nigra : leaves coriaceous, cuneiform, subcordate
at the base, dilated, and retusely 3-lobed at the
summit, when young, mucronate, smooth above,
rusty pubescent beneath ; cup turbinate, with the
scales obtuse and scanous ; acorn short-ovate.
HAB. Pine barrens. Tree 10— 20 ft. high ; acorns
abundant.
7. Q,. tinctoria : leaves ovate-oblong, slightly lobed,
pubescent beneath ; lobea oblong, obtuse, mucro-
nate : cup flat ; acorn depressed-globose.
358 MONOECIA.— POLYANDRIA.
HAB. Wood)?. A large tree; bark rough, blackish.
3. Q,. discolor : leaves oblong, pinnatifid-sinuate, pu-
bescent beneath ; lobes oblong, dentate, setaceous-
ly mucronate ; cup turbinate, acorn ovate.
HAB. Upland forests. A large tree ; young leaves
downy on both sides.
t Leaves deeply sinuate andm lobed.
9. Q, coccinea : leaves long-petiolate, oblong, deeply
sinuate, smooth ; lobes divaricate, dentate, acute,
setaceously mucronate ; cup turbinate, scaly ;
acorn short-ovate.
HAB. Woods. A large tree ; leav. bright green ;
cup with prom, scales
10. Q, rubra : leaves long-petiolate, smooth, obtusely
sinuate ; lobes rather acute, dentate, setaceously
mucronate ; cup flat, nearly smooth ; acorn sub-
ovate.
HAB. Woods. A large tree; leav, bright green :
sinuses large, rounded.
11. Q,. Catesbaei : leaves on short petioles, cuneate at
the base, oblong, deeply sinuate, smooth ; lobes
3 — 5, divaricate, dentate, acute, setaceously mu*
cronate ; cup turbinate, broad; scales obtuse,
those of the margin inflexed ; acorn subglobose.
HAB. Pine barrens. Shrubby; 6 — 15 ft. high;
leav. subsessile.
12. Q.falcata : leaves on long petioles, obtuse at the
base, woolly beneath, 3-lobed and sinuate ; lobes
falcate, setaceousty mucronate, terminal one
longer ; cup crateriform ; acorn globose.
IIAB. Dry woods. A large tree; leav. with S — 5
large lobes, shining above.
13. Q. palust ris : leaves on long petioles, oblong,
deeply sinuate, smooth ; axils of the veins villous
beneath ; lobes divaricate, dentate, acute, seta-
ceously mucronate ; cup flat, smooth ; acorn sub-
globose.
IIAB. Wet woods. A large tree ; acorns small,
abundant.
3 4. Q. Bannisteri : leaves on long petioles, obovate,
cuneiform, 3 — 5 lobed, entire on the margin,
grayish-tomentose beneath ; lobes setaceously mu
cronate ; cup subturbinate ; acorn subglobose.
MONOECIA.— POLYANDRIA. 359
HAB. Sandy fields and mountains. Shrub 4 — 6 ft,
high ; acorns abundant.
* * Fructification annual ; fruit pedunculate ; leaves
awnless.
t Leaves sinuate.
15. Q, obtusiloba : leaves oblong, sinuate, cuneate at
the base, pubescent beneath ; lobes obtuse, the
upper dilated ; cup hemispherical ; acorn oval.
HAB. Woods. A middling large tree; leaves mostly
5-lobcd ; cup deep.
16. Q. macrocarpa : leaves woolly beneath, deeply
lyrato-sinuately lobed ; lobes obtuse, repand, up-
per ones dilated, cup deep, with the upper scales
bristly ; acorn short-ovate.
HAB. Woods. A large tree; branches scabrous;
acorns very large.
17. Q. olivaformis : leaves oblong, smooth, glaucous
beneath, deeply and unequally sinuate-pinnatifid t
fruit elliptical-ovate ; cup very deep, crenate
above ; acorn elliptical-oval.
HAB. Woods. A large tree.
18. Q,. alba: leaves oblong, pinnatifid-sinuate, pale or
pubescent beneath ; lobes oblong, obtuse, mostly
entire ; cup deep, tuberculate ; acorn ovate.
IIAB. Woods. A very large tree ; bark white;
leav, pubes, beneath when young.
t j Leaves entire, dentate,
19. Q,. Prinus : leaves on long petioles, obovate, acute,
pubescent beneath, coarsely toothed ; teeth un-
equal, dilated, callous at the tip ; cup deep, at-
tenuate at the base ; acorn ovate.
HAB. Shady woods. A large tree.
?0. Q, bicolor : leaves on short petioles, oblong-obovate,
whitish-tomentose beneath, coarsely toothed, en-
tire at the base, teeth unequal, dilated, rather
acute, callous at the tip ; fruit in pairs on long pe-
duncles ; cup hemispherical ; acorn oblong-ovate.
HAB. Woods. A large tree; pedunc. long and
slender ; acorn pubes,
fl. mollis : leaves merely toothed, not pinnatifid ; un-
der side partly ferruginous and softly pubescent.
;.oi MONOECIA.— POLYANDRIA.
HAB. Swampy elevated forests. Tree 60—70 ft,
high.
51. Q. montana : leaves on petioles of middling length,
broad-obovate, oblong, white-tomentose beneath,
shining above, coarsely toothed, obtuse and une-
qual at the base ; teeth subequal, very obtuse ;
fruit in pairs, on short peduncles ; cup hemisphe-
rical ; scales tuberculate and rugose ; acorn ovate.
HAB. Rocky woods and mountain sides. A large
tree ; fr. middle sized.
22. Q. castanea : leaves on long peduncles, oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse at the base, acuminate, tomen-
tose beneath, coarsely toothed ; teeth subequal.
dilated, obtuse ; cup hemispherical ; acorn ovate -
subglobose.
HAB. Rocky and mountain woods. A large tree ,
fr. on short pedunc.
23. Q. Chinquapin : leaves on short petioles, obovate,
acute at the base, coarsely toothed, glaucous be-
neath ; teeth subequal, dilated, callous at the tip ;
cup hemispherical ; acorn ovate.
HAB. Barren woods. Ashruho — 4 ft. high; acorns
small j numerous.
551. CORYLUS. Hazel-nut. Corylacece.
1. C. americana: leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate ;
involucrum roundish-campanulate, larger than the
subglobose nut, border dilated, coarsely serrate.
HAB. Fields and woods. April. A shrub 3—5 ft.
high : nuts large, edible.
2. C. rostrata : leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate ; sti-
pules linear-lanceolate ; involucrum campanulate-
tubular, longer than the nut, two. parted, with
dentate segments.
HAB. Rocky woods. May. A shrub 2— 3 ft. high ;
involuc. with a long rostrum.
552. FAGUS. Beech. Corylaceaz.
F. ferruginea; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, pu-
" bescent beneath, ciliate on the margin, coarsely
toothed, obtuse at the base and unequally sub-
cordate ; nut ovate, acutely triangular, very acute.
36/
MONOECIA.— POLYANDRIA. %&r
HAB. Woods. A large tree; bark smooth ; fruit
muricate ; leav. ribbed.
i. F. sylvatica ; leaves ovate, acuminate, slightly den-
tate, ciliate on the margin, acute at the base ; nut
ovate, triquetrous, obtuse, but mucronate.
HAB. Woods. A large tree with num. branch. ;
leav. bright green.
553. CASTANEA. Chesnut. Corylacea>..
1. C.vesca,^. americana: leaves lanceolate, acuminate,
mucronately serrate, smooth on both sides.
HAB. Woods. June. A large tree ; trunk straight ;
leav. large; sterile spik.Jilif.
1. C. pumila : leaves oblong, acute, mucronately ser-
rate, tomentose and hoary beneath.
HAB. Sandy woods. A shrub or small tree; fruit
small, very sweet.
554. BETULA. Birch. Salicinm.
1. B. populifolia : leaves deltoid, long-acuminate, un
equally serrate, very smooth ; petioles smooth ;
strobile pedunculate; scales with roundish lateral
lobes.
HAB, Rocky woods and mountains. May. A smalt
or middle sized tree.
2. B. excelsa : leaves ovate, acute, serrate ; petioles
pubescent, shorter than the peduncle ; strobile
ovate, erect; scales with rounded lateral lobes.
HAB. Woods. A large tree ; bark smooth and yel-
lowish, somewhat fragrant.
i. B. nigra : leaves rhornbic-ovatc, doubly serrate,
acute, pubescent beneath, entire at the base ; stro-
bile ovate ; scales villous, with the segments linear
and equal.
HAB. Banks of rivers. A middle sized tree ; leav.
acutely serrate.
4. B. papyracea : leaves ovate, acuminate, doubly ser
rate, the veins beneath hairy ; peduncles smooth ;
strobile nodding, pedunculate ; scales with the la
teral lobes short and suborbicular.
HAB. Woods. A large tree; cuticle tough, com-
posed of numerous membranaceous layers.
H h
36$-~ MONOECIA.— POLYANDUIA.
5. B. lenta : leaves cordate-ovate, sharply serrate.
acuminate ; nerve* In-i.eath ami the petiole hairy;
strobile erect ; scales smooth, the lobes equal and
obtuse, with elevated veins.
HAB. Woods. A large tree; bark aromatic;
branchlets dark, spotted.
6. B. pumila : young branches pubescent, not punc-
, tate ; leaves orbicular-obovate, petiolate, thickly
pubescent beneath ; strobile cylindrical,
HAB. Mountain bogs. June. Shrub 2 — 3 ft. high:
leavr 1 in. long, on short pet.
7. B. glandulosa : branches glandularly punctate,
smooth ; leaves ohovate, serrate, entire at the
base, smooth, ^ubsessile ; strobile oblong; scales
half 3-cleft ; seed orbicular, with a narrow mar-
gin.
H/\B. Mountain swamps. Slirub 2 ft. high.
3. B. nana : very smooth loaves ; orbicular, crenate,
reticulate beneath ; scale* of the strobile deeply
3-partfd; segments oblong; seed orbicular, nearly
wingless.
HAB. High mountains. Shrub 1 — 2ft.high;hav.
h in. long.
555. CARPINUS. Hornbeam. Con/urea.
0. americana ; leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, une-
qually serrate ; strobile with 3-parled scale?, the
middle segment oblique, toothed on one side.
HAB. Woods. May. A small tree ; fertile amenis
loose; scales foliaceovs.
556. OSTRYA. Hop hornbeam. ConjJacew.
(). virginica : leaves ovate oblong, cordate at the base.,
acuminate, unequally serrate ; strobile oblong-
ovate, erect ; buds acute.
HAB., Woods. A small tree; cones large, rttem-
bling hops.
557. PLATANUS. Buttonwood.
P. occidenfalis: leaves lobed-ai.gnlar; branches whitish.
HAB. Woods A very large tree : leav. very broad;
ainents glob*, pendulous.
3^3
MONOECIA.— POLYANDRIA. ad-J
558. LIQUID AMBAR. Gum-tr.**. Corylacex.
L. styraciflua : leaves palmately lobed ; lobe? acumi-
nate, serrate, with the sinuses at the base of veins
villous.
HAB, Woods. A large tree ; leav. 5-lobed, cordate,
dork green.
559. JUGLANS. Walnut. Corylacex.
1. J. nigra : leaflets numerous, ovate-lanceolate, ser-
rate, slightly cordate, tapering to the summit; un-
der surface and petiole's subpubeftcent ; fruit glo-
bose, scabrous, ptinct te.
H\B. Woods. J\ la> .c tree ; leav. pinnate ; leaf,.
15 — '21 ; fr. i< rge, dible.
2. J.cinerea: leaflets numerous, lanceolate, serrate,
rounded at the base, .-oft-pubesc- nt beneath ; pe-
tioles villous ; fruit oblong-ovate, with a terminal
projection, viscid and hairy j i ul oblong, acu-
minite, deeply and i. regularly s< ulptured.
HAB. Woods. A la rge tree ; Uajl. 15 — it ; fruit
very viscid ; nut edible.
560. GARY A. Hickory. Corylacece.
1. C. tomentosa : leaflets about 7, oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, slh-htly serrate, pubescent and sca-
brous beneath, the old one sessile ; anient rili-
form, tomentose ; rViiit roundish, smooth ; peri-
carp very thick ; nut somewhat G-angled ; shell
thick and very hard.
HAB Wood>. A large tree; leav* pinnate ; veins
pnbes. above; nn-r tdible.
ft. C. alba : leaves -3 — 7, on long petioles, oblong-Ian
ceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate villous rx
neath, the odd one senile ; an nfs filiform,
smooth ; fruit depressed globose nut nira-
pressed..
HAB. Woods. A large tree with scaly bark ; frui!
large ; nvt white hin-shd'r,! .
"). C. sulcata : ba'l i- g60<*l allj 9, obov.i;e-l anceolate,
acuminate, serrate, pubescent beneath, the od''
350 MONOECIA.— POLYANDRIA.
one subsessile and attenuate at the base; fruit
roundish, 4-angled ; nut subglobose, slightly con>
pressed, conspicuously mucronate.
HAB. Mountain woods. A large tree; nuts large,
with very thick pericarps.
4. C. amara : leaflets, generally 9, ovate-oblong, aru-
minate, acutely serrate, smooth on both sides :
fruit subglobose ; nut smooth, mucronate, with
the shell fragile.
HAB. Dry woods. A large tree; nerves of the I eav.
pubes. beneath : nuts bUler.
3. C. porcina : leaflets 7, ovate-lanceolate, ;icuminate.
serrate, smooth on both sides ; fruit oblong, or
obcordate ; nut smooth, ver\ hard
HAB. Woods. A large tret ; leofi. 5 — 7 ; nuts
small, very bitter.
561. ARUM. Wake-robin. Aroidece.
). A. draconiium : sternless ; leaves p«*date ; leaflets
lanceolate-oblong, entire. ; spadix ;»ubulate-filiform.
longer than the oblong convolutp spathe.
HAB. River bunks. June — July. U. Petiole
12 — 18 in. long; leav. large; spath. short.
2. A. triphyllum : sternless ; leaves ternate ; leaflets
ovate, acuminate, very entire; spadix clavate ;
spathe ovate, acuminate, convolute below, flat and
bent above.
HAB. Wet shady places. Ma\ — June. U . Root
tub. acrid; spath. green or purp. ; berry red,
562. LE.CONTIA.* Aroidece.
L. virginica :
HAB Swamps. July. U. Leav. petiol., oblong,
hastate-cordate, with the lobes obtuse; spathe lanceo-
late, involute ; harder undul. ; spad. slender.
563. CALLA. Water arum. Aroidece.
i "I. pahistris : leaves cordate ; spathe flat ; spadix co-
vered with perfect flowers.
s A- new genus, separated from Arum by W. Cooper, Esq.
MONOECIA.— MONADELFHIA. 3oy
ilAB. In water. July. ty. Root thick, creeping ;
leav.acum. ; spaih. oval, -white inside.
MOXADELPH1A.
564 PINUS. Pine. Conifers.
* Leaves solitary, distinct at the base, abies.
1. P. baisamea: leav s solidary flit, emarginate or en-
tire, glaucous bene.sth, somewhat pr-ctinate, re-
curved-spreading. sub-erect above ; cones cylin
dric, erect ; bracts abbreviate, obovate, conspi-
cuously mucronate, subsen nlate.
HAB. Mountains. A small tree; leav. C — 10 lin.
long, dense ; scales of the cones ihin,
3. Fraseri : leaves short, emarginate, subsecund,
erect ai>ove ; cones ovate-oblong ; bracts elon-
gated, incisely denticulate.
HAB. High mountains. Smaller than the preced. :
leaves shorter ; cones small.
!. P. canadensis : le »ves Solitary, flat, denticulate,
nearly in two rows ; cones ovate, terminal, scarce-
ly longer than the leaves.
HAB. Kocky woods and mountains. A large tree;
branch, and leav. horizont. ; leav. lin., obtuse.
'). P. nigra: leaves solitary, quadrangular, erect,
straight ; cones ovate ; scales, elliptical, undulate
on the margin, erect, summit denticulate.
HAB. Mountain swamps. A middle sized tree;
leav. dense, dark green ; cones 1 — 2 in. long.
4. P. rubra: leaves solitary, subulate ; cones oblong,
obtuse ; scales rounded, soaiewbat 2-lobed, en-
tire on the margin.
HAB Maine.
». P. alba: leaves solitary, quadrangular, incurved;
cones subcyhndrical, loose j scales ohovate, very-
entire.
HAB Mountain swamps. A small tree ; leav. pale
green, not crowded.
* * leaves 2 — 5, in a short cylindrical sheath. vinv€,
•?. P. inops : leave? by pairs, short ; cones recurved.
iih 2
360 MONOECIA.— MOiVADELPHIA.
oblong-conical, as long as the leaves ; spines of
the scales subulate, straight.
HAB. Pine barrens. A middle sized tree; leav.
1 — 2 in. long; cones 2 in. long.
7. P. resinosa : leaves elongate, by pairs, with long
sheaths ; cones ovate-conical, rounded at the base,
mostly solitary, half as long as the leaves ; scales
dilated, unarmed.
HAB. Dry woods. A large tree; bark red, smooth;
cones large ; scales not mucronate.
8. P. Banksiana : leaves short, by pairs, rigid, divari-
cate, oblique ; cones recurved and twisted ; scales
unarmed.
HAB. Barren rocky places. A small straggling
tree ; leav. 1 — 2 in. long.
9. P. variabilis : leaves slender, geminate and by
threes, canaliculate ; cones mostly solitary, ovate-
conical ; scales with a subulate incurved point.
HAB. Woods. A large tree; leav. mostly by pairs,
4 — 5 in. long ; cones small.
10. P. rigida : leaves by threes, with short sheaths ;
sterile aments erect-incumbent : cones ovate,
scattered or clustered ; spines of the scales re-
flexed.
HAB. Barren sandy soils. A large tree ; bark thick
and rough; cones large.
11. P. scrotina: leaves by threes, elongate; sterile,
aments erect, incumbent ; cones ovate ; spines of
the scales straight, very slender.
HAB. Swamps. A large tree resembling the pre-
ceding.
12. P. Slrobus : leaves by fives, slender ; sheaths very
short ; cones pendulous, cylindrical, longer than
the leaves ; scales loose.
HAB. Fertile soil. A very large tree ; leav. very
delicate ; cones 3 in. long.
*** Leaves fasciculate, [deciduous.) i.arix.
13. P. microcarpa : cones roundish, few-flowered ;
scales inflexed ; bracts elliptic, obtusely acumi-
nate.
HAB. Swamps and low grounds. A pretty large
tree f scales red, brown, or white.
MONOECI A.— MONADELPHI A . 36 1
565. THUYA. Arbor vita?. Coniferoe.
T. occidentalis : branches ancipitous ; leaves imbricate
in 4 rows, ovate-rhomboidal, appressed, naked,
tuberculate ; cones obovate ; interior scales trun-
cate, gibbous beloiv the summit.
HAB. Rocks and mountains. A small tree ; branch,
irreg., tough; leav. perennial.
566. CUPRESSUS. Cypress. Coniferoe.
1. C. thuyoides: branchlets ancipitous; leaves imbricate
in 4 rows, ovate, tuberculate at base ; cones sub-
spherical, angular.
HAB. Swamps. A large tree ; leav. minute, peren. ;
cones very small.
2. C.disticha: leaves distichous, flat; sterile florets
paniculate, leafless ; cones spherical.
HAB. Swamps. A very large tree; leav. small,
lin., acute.
567. ACALYPHA. Three-seeded mercury. Eu-
phorbiaceoe.
A. virginica : pubescent ; leaves on short petioles,
lanceolate-oblong, serrate ; involucruci cordate,
ovate, dentate, axillary, nerved, denize.
HAB. Dry gravelly soil. Aug. ©. Stem 8 —
15 m. high, erect, pules. ; invol. subscss.
563. PHYLLANTHUS. Euphorbiaccu:.
P. obovatus : leaves alternate, oval, obtuse, smooth
somewhat distichous ; flowers few, axillary, pedi-
cellate, nodding ; stem erect ; branches distichous.
HAB. Gravelly banks. June — July. ©. Stem
12 in. high; leav. entire; stam. 6.
)Q9. MELOTIIRIA. Small creeping cucumber. Cv
curbilaceoz.
M. pcndula : leaves somewhat reniform, lobed and an
gled, slightly hispid ; berry oval, smooth.
HAB. Shady hanks. June. ©. Slender, climb-
ing't stem hairy ; Jl. yell.
m DIOECIA.— TRIANDRIA.
570; MOMORDICA. Balsam -apple. Cucurbiiacea:.
M ? echinuta : pericarp a pomaceoua berr\ , 4-seeded.
inflated, roundish, setose-echinate , leaves cord-
ate, angularly 5-lqbed, acuminate, entire; calyx
6-cleft ; corolla 6-parted.
HAB. Bank:* of rivers. Aug. ©. Climbing; f.
small ; fr. 1-i in. long.
571. SICYOS. Single-seeded. Cucurbit aceoc.
•S. angulata : leave? cordate, 5-<>r)t;led, dentate, sca-
brous ; fruit clustered, hispi .
HAB. Bank* of rivers, &r. © . Climbing; stem
pubes. ; leav. peliot. ; fr. small, ovate,
DIOECIA.
DiANDRIA.
57L\ VALLTSNERIA. stam. fl. Spain ovale, 2-part~
ed. Spadix covered with minute flowers. Cal.
3-parted. fistillif. Spath bifid, 1 -flowered.
Cal. 3-parted, superior. Cor. 3- peialled. Stig.
ligulate. bifid. Caps, valvehss, 1 -celled. Seeds
numerous, attached to the sides.
573. SALIX. stam. fl. Ament cylmdric ; scales 1-
flowered, imbricate, with a nectariferous giant!
at the base. Cal. and Cor. 0. Stam. 1 — 5.
fertile fl. Scales of the ament 1 -flowered.
Cal. and Cor. 0. Stig. 2, mostly bifid. Cops.
1 -celled, 2-vaIve.d, many-speeded. Seeds co
moso.
674. FRAXlNU.a Cal. 0, or 3— 4-eleft. Cor. 0, or
4-petalled. Stnm. 2. Caps. 2 celled, 2-seeded,
compressed and folia' eoojs at the extreoiih ■.
Seed solitary, pendulous. — Polygamous.
TtUANDBIA.
575. EMPETRUM. Cal. 3 parted, persistent, stam
fl. Pet. 3, marcescent. Stam. 3 ; filaments
DIOECIA.— HEXANDRIA. 363
long ; anih. 2-parted.. fertile. Germ, supe-
rior, depressed ; style 0, or very short ; stig. 9,
reflexed, spreading. Berry round, 1 -celled.
2 — 6-seeded. Seed erect, bony.
TETRANDRIA.
576. MYRICA. Ament ovate-oblong; scales lunulate.
stam. fl. Slam. 4 — 6 ; anth. 4-valved. fer-
tile. Geirmen 1 ; stig. 2. Drupe 1 celled, 1-
seeded
577. VISCUJVJ. Cul. with the margin entire or a lit-
tle prominent. Pet. 4, short, united at the
base. stam. fl. Anth. 4, senile, adnate with
.the petals, fertile. Germ, crow ned with the
margin of the calyx; stig. 1. Berry globose,
1 -seeded.
PENTANDRIA.
578. NYSSA. perfect fl. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. 0.
Pistil. 1. Drupe inferior. Nut 1 -seeded.
sterile Stam. 5, 8, 10, or 12, inserted around
a peltate gl tnd.
579. ZANThOXYLUM. stam. fl. Cal. 5-parted.
Cor. 0 Stam. 3 — 5 — 6. fertile. Caps. 3—
5-celled, each l^seeded.
580. ACJNIDA. stam. fl. CaL 5-parted. Cor. 0.
fertile. CaL. 3-parted. Cor. 0. Styles 0 ;
stig 8, sessile. Caps. 1 -seedeo.
581. HUMULUS. stam. fl. Cal. 5-leaved. Anth.
with 2 pores at the extremity. Cor 0. fer-
tile. Cal. 1 -leaved, large, persistent, concave,
entire. Cor. 0. Styles 2. Seed 1";
HEXANDRIA.
582. SMILAX. stam. fl. Cal. 6-leaved. Cor. 0.
.//////. .uinate to the filaments, fertile. Style
minute . stig. 3. Berry 3-celled, superior, 1,
oi 3-Meded.
583. DIOSCOREA. ster. fl. Cal. 6-parted. Cor
0. fertile. Styles 3. Caps. 3-celled, trian
364 DI0EC1A.— DECANDRIA.
gular. compressed ; cell* 2-seeded. Seeds with
me ubranaceous margins.
384. GLEDl iSCHIA. perfect. CaL G— 8-parted,
deciduous, 3 or 4 of the exterior segments
smaller. Cor. 0. Slam. 5 — 6, rarely 8. Le
guitoe fl ttly compressed, 1, or many-s»eded.
sterile. Cal. snbtnrbinate, 5 — S-parted, 3~
5 of the segments interior. Stum. 6 — 8.
OCTANDKIA.'
585. POPULUS. Anient* cvlimiri* al ; scales lacera
ted. sterile fl. St ami b — 30, -" t'.ed on a
turbinate obuque entire rul\ x. fertile. CaL
turbinate. Sttg. 4. Caps, •ajpertor, ?-celKd,
2-valved, many-seedecl. Seeds surrounded wilb
long hairs
586. DIOSPYROS. Cat. 4— 6-cleft. Cor. urceplate,
4 — 6 cleft, sterile ft. Stam. 8— 16 ; jiiam,
often producing 2 anthers, fertile. Stig. 4 —
5. Berry 8 — 12-seeded.
587. SHEPHEKDIA sterile fl. CaL 4-cleft. Cor.
0. Stam. 8, included, alternating with 8 glands.
fertile. CaL 4-cleit, campanulate, superior.
Style 1 j *t'ig. oblique. Berry 1 -seeded,
EMVEANDRTA.
588. ELODEA. Spath birid. stemle fl. Cor. 3~
©Hailed Stum. 9. $ of theft! interior, fer-
tile. Cal, 3-parted ; tub*' very long. Pet. 3.
Sterile filaments 3. Ulnculun about 3-seeUed
Seeds cyltudric.
IiKCANDiflA.
580. G YMNOCL \DUS. CaL tubal r, 5-cleft. Cor
4 }-M. Or 5-piti!l d. sterile fl. Stam-
lu. fertile. .S'///e 1. Lcxviiie 1 -celled, in
tei •. illy somewhat pulpy. 6«ertis roundish, large-
bard.
D10ECIA.— DIANDRIA. 361
POLYANDRIA.
59a MENISPERMUM. sterile fl. Cal. 2-bracteri,
about 6-leaved, caducous. Pet. 6 — 9, glandu
lar, minute, and retuse. Star*. 16 — 24 ; anth.
adnate to the filaments, 4-lnberi, 2-celled. fer-
tile. Germens and st xjU, * 3 — 6. Drupes mostly
solitary, 1 -seeded. Nut lunate, compressed.
MOrVADEJPHlA.
391. JUNIPEKUS. sterile fl. Anient ovate ; scales
verticillan ■■, peltate, An'.h. 4 — 8, 1-celled.
fertile. Anient globose , tcales 3, coadunate.
Stig', gaping. Ktrrij with 3 bony l-«-eeded nttjte,
surrounded unh the united and tiei-hy scales.
•T;?. TAXI'S. Flowers Vurrounded with numerous
scales. sterile fl. Stam* 8-- 10; anthers
peltate. fertile. Style 0 ; trig, concave.
Drupe fleshy, open at tin extremity. .Yut 1-
DIOECIA.
DIAXDRIA.
572, VALLISNERIA. // h\c.
:pirnlis, p. atnericana : leaves linear and obtuse,
equal the whole length, 3-nerved J margin acule-
ate! v semil- ,:n;i'-le- very short, fer-
tile, long Bpil .1.
HABi. Sttli wtter, Aug %'. Lcav. C— 3 tin.
broad } capi eylindn long : ped.Jilifoi
\\A\. Willow. Sertoli
/. . r obsutrtch
\ndidar: leaver linear klanpaoJat*» i », ob-
,rul;.tr ;it [hi i vreunly, pub.'.-
ve. white and tomentoi ro
366 DIOECIA.— DIANDRIA.
volute ; stipules lanceolate, as long as the petioles ;
aments cylindric ; scales obovate-lanceolate, with
a very long villus.
HAB. * Woods. April. Tj. Shrub 3— 4 ft. high.
2. S. viminalis : leaves linear-lanceolate, obscurely
crenate, white and silky beneath ; stipules very
small, sublanceolate ; branches Mraight ; germens
subsessile, lanceolate ; style fililorm ; stigma li-
near, mostly entire.
HAB. River banks, &c. Apnl. A pretty large
tree ; fil. yell. ; anlh. orange. §.
3. S. Muhlenbergiana : leaves lanreol.ite, rather acute,
nearly entire, whitish, pubescent, rugose and veiny
beneath, revolute on the m ir«in ; stipules deci-
duous, lanceolate; scales oblong, villous on the
margin ; germen ovate-lanceoLtte, silky-villous,.
on a conspicuous pedicel ; style short ; stigma
bifid.
HAB. Dry woods. April. Shrub 3— 5 ft. high;
branch, gr.-yell. ; anth. purp. mid yell.
4. S. tristis : leaves linear-lanceolate, acute at each
end, revolute, on the. margin, smoothish above,
beneath rugo^ely vein\ and lomentose ; stipules 0*.
HAB. Dry woods. Shrub 3 — if. high.
5. S. recurvata .-.leaves obov,«te-lanceol:ite, acute, very
entire, smooth, ghiucous beneath, silky when
youn^; stipules 0; ament-* ■ e< urved ; scales black
at the tip, with hairs as \o'.a hs the ovate, silky, and
subpedicellate germen ; stvle very short ; stigmas
bifid.
HAB. Shady woods. Shrub 2— 3 ft. high ; branch,
brown, smooth ; buds yelL
6. S. pedicellaris : branches smooth ; leaves obdvate-
lanceolate, acute, very entire, smooth, and of the
same colour on both sides ; stipules 0 ; aments
pedunculate ; scales oblong, scarcely hairy, half
as long as the pedicel ; germen ovate-oblong, on a
very long pedicel ; stigmas sessile, bifid.
HAB. Mountains. April.
7. S. rosmarinifolia : leaves straight, linear-lanceolate,
acute at each end, very entire, deciduously pu-
bescent above, silky beneath ; scales oblong, ob*
mOECIA.— DIAKDRIA. 369
M&e, ciliate ; germens pedicellate, lanceolate, vil
Ions ; stigmas subsessile, bifid.
1IAB. 3 adows and mountain swamp*. Shrub 3
ft. high ; branch, pube.?. ; leav. li in. long.
. S. repens : stem procumbent ; leaves acute, nearly
entire, somewhat downy, glaucous, mostly verv
silky beneath ; germens on a long pedicel, lanceo-
late, very silky ; styles short ; stigmas bifid.
HAB. High mountains. Shrub small, usually pro-
cumb. — Variable.
* * Leaves remotely and obtusely serrate.
. S. conifera : leaves oblong-lanceolate, remotely scr
rate, acute, smooth above, tomentose beneath ;
stipules lunate, subdentate ; scales lanceolate, ob-
tuse, villous ; germens pedicellate, lanceolate,
silky ; style bifid ; stigmas 2-lobed.
HAB*. Low thickets. April. Shrub 4 — B ft. high;
frequently with excresences on the branches.
0. S. myricoides : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, ob-
tusely serrate, smooth, glaucous beneath ; stipules
ovate, acute, serr.de; amenta villous, leafy at the
base ; scales lanceolate, villous, (black ;) germens
on long pedicels, lanceolate, smooth ; style bind ;
stigmas bifid.
ffAB. Woods. A small shrub; branch, green;
young ones purp., smooth.
1. S. prinuides : leaves oval-oblong, acute, remotely
undulate-serrate, smooth, glaucous beneath ; sti-
pules semicordato, incisely dentate ; germens pe
dice! late, ovate, acuminate, silky; style long;
stigmas bilid.
HAB. Wet thickets, April. A shrub 8—
high ; aments early, villous.
8« t&hcvLor : leaves oblong, rather obtuse, smooth,
remotely Semite; glaucous beneath ; stipules deci-
duous, lanceolate, serrate ; scales oblong, ncute
black,) hairy ; germens snbsessile, lanceolate, to-
inentose, style of middling length ; stigmas £-p*rted
HAD. Lew grounds. April. A small tree ; h n
dark brown ; ami Mttf ruther late.
;. S. angustula : leaves lanceolate, acute, very long,
gradually narrowed towards the base, serru' if e
I i
J70 D10ECIA.— DIANDRIA.
very smooth, colour nearly uniform ; stipules
semicordate ; germens pedicellate, ovate, smooth
style bifid ; stigmas 2-lobed.
II AB. Banks of rivers. Leaves very long. Re
sembles No. 1 1.
* * * Leaves closely and acutely serrate.
14. S. nigra : leaves lanceolate, acute at each end, ser
rulate, green on both sides, smooth except the
petiole <ind the midrib above ; stipules dentate ;
aments cylindric ; scales oblong, very villous ;
filaments 3 — 6, bearded at the base ; germens pe-
dicellate, ovate, smooth ; style very short ; stig
mas bifid.
1IAB. Banks of rivers. May. A small tree:
branch, smooth ; first leaves pubes. ; aments long.
15. S. lucida: leaves ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
rounded at the base, serrate, smooth on both sides,
shining; stipules oblong, serrate; aments trian-
drous ; scales lanceolate, obtuse, hairy at the base,
serrate and smooth at the tip ; germens lanceolate-
subulate, smooth ; style bifid ; stigmas obtuse.
1IAB. Swamps. May. A small tree ; leav. thick ;
branch, yell.-br. ; aments late,
\(j. S. rigida : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
subcordate at the base, rigid, smooth, acutely ser-
rate, the lowest serratures long ; petiole villous ;
stipules large, cordate, obtuse ; stamens 3; scales
lanceolate, (black,) woolly ; germens on long pe-
dicels, smooth ; style very short ; stigmas 2-
parted.
JIAB. Low thickets. May. A small tree ; branch ,
green, tough ; aments late.
17. S. cordata : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate
cordate at the base, acutely serrate, smooth ; sti-
pules large, ovate-roundish, serrate ; stamens 3 ;
scales lanceolate, (black ;) germens pedicellate,
lanceolate, smooth ; style very short ; stigmas
bifid.
11AB. Swamps. April— May. A shrub 6— 8 ft.
high ; leav. large, 1 in. broad,
p.falcata : leaves narrow-lanceolate, very long, sub-
falcate.
DIOECIA.— DIANDRIA. 371
ilAB. Swamps. Leav. 6— S in. long.
S. grisea : leaves lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate,
smooth above, silky or naked beneath ; stipule:^
linear, deflexed, deciduous ; scales oblong, hairy,
black at the tip ; germens oblong, pedicellate,
silky ; stigmas sessile, obtuse.
ITAB. Low bushy places. April. Shrub 6 — 8 ft.
high ; branch, pur p., brittle at base.
)9. S. vitellina : leaves lanceolate, acuminate, with
thickened serratures, smooth above, paler and
somewhat silky beneath ; stipules 0 ; aments cy-
lindrical, scales ovate-lanceolate, pubescent out-
side ; germens sessile, ovate-lanceolate ; stigmas
subsessile, 2-lobed.
HAB. Read sides, &c. May. A pretty large tree ;
bark, and twigs yell. §.
574. FRAXINUS. Ash. Olei?iece.
1. F. sambucifolia : leaflets sessile, ovate-lanceolate,
serrate, rugose and shining ; base rounded and
unequal ; axils of the veins villous beneath ;
flowers naked
1IAB. River banks and woods. April. A large
tree ; buds deep blue ; young shoots doited^ green.
'. F. acuminata: leaflets petiolate, oblong, shining,
acuminate, very entire, or slightly toothed, glau-
cous beneath ; flowers calyculate.
HAB. Woods. May. A large tree; first leav.
downy ; summer leav. gr. above, wh. beneath.
). F. pubesctns : leaflets petiolate, elliptical-ovate, ser-
rate ; under surface* petioles, and young branches
tometttoae ; flowers calyculate.
HAB. Woods. May. A large tree; leav. 12 — 16
in* long ; leuji. often nearly entire, 3 — 4 pairs.
-■ . F.juglandifelia : leaflets petiolate, ovate, opake,
serrate, glaucous'oeneath, axils 6f the veins pu
l>< Been! ; Im nootfa ; llowers calyculate.
' \l>. Banks of rivers. ./ small trie : Uav* 6 — 15
loti£ ; seeds smaller
DiOECIA.— PENTANDRIA
TKIANDRIA.
575. EMPETllUM. Crow-berry. Empetrco ,.
! ). nigrum : procumbent ; leaves linear-oblong.
HAD. Ui^h mountains. June. Shrub small , ever
green ; leav. densely imbricate ; j\. axill.
576. B1YRICA. Gale. Salicince.
i. M. Gale : leaves lanceolate, broader above, ser
rate ; sterile ament imbricated ; scales acumi
natc, ciliate; fruit scaly-capitate.
HAH. Borders of pond* and about mountain lakes.
May. Shrub 3 — 4 ft. high ; fruit spicy.
2. M, ccrifera : leaves cuncate-lanceolate, with a few
serratures at top, acute ; sterile aments loose ;
scales acute ; fruit spherical, naked, distinct.
IIAB. Dry woods and copses. May. Shrub 2 — 6
ft. high ; fruit small, covered with wax.
577. VISCUM. Misseltoe. Loranthece.
Y . verticillatum : leaves cuneate-oval, 3-nerved, ob
tuse ; spikes axillary, solitary, about as long a9 the
leaves ; sterile flowers mostly tnfid.
HAB. Parasitic on trees. Branch, oppos. ; sterile
/!. mostly trifid ; berry white,' diaph.
PENTANDRIA.
578. NYSSA. Tupelo. Combretacece.
1 . N. zillosa : leaves oblong, very entire, acute at each
end, the petiole, midrib, and margin villous ; fer-
tile peduncles 3 — G-flowered ; nut short-obovatc
obtusely striate.
JIAB. Low woods. Juue. A large tree ; branch,
horizont. ; fl. small, gr. ; drupe dark blue.
2. N. biflora : leaves ovate-oblong, very entire, acute
at each end, smooth ; fertile peduncles 2-flowered
drupe short-obovate ; nut obtusely striate.
UAB. Swamps. June. A large tree • drupe deer
blue.
DIOECIA.— IIKXANDR1A.
,79. ZANTHOXYLUM. Tooth-ach tree. Rutacea.
A. fraxineum : prickly ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets oval-
lanceolate, Mibentire, sessile, equal at the base ;
petioles unarmed ; umbels axillary.
IIAB. Rocky woods. April. Shrub 3-V5 ft. high;
prickles strung ; leafl. 4 — 5 pairs.
500. ACNIDA. Wild-hemp. Chenopodecz.
I. A. cannabina : leaves ovate-lanceolate; capsules
smooth, acutely angled.
IIAB. Salt marshes. July — Aug. © . Stem 2—
4 ft. high, smooth; Icav. alt. ; jl. small, gr.
.'. A. rusocarpa : leaves oval-lanceolate ; capsules ob
tusely angled, rugose.
IIAB. Fresh -water marshes. July. ©• +
501. 1IUMULUS. Hop. Urjicece.
II. Lupulus.
IIAB. Hedges, kc. Aug. U. Stem tivin., sea
Irons ; Icav. oppos., 3 — 5-lob., rough ; fl. gr.
IIEXANDRIA.
►82. SMILAX. Rough bind-weed. Asparageo <..
'•■'• Stemfrutescent.
>. S'» Sarsapurilla ': stem prickly, slightly 4-angled ;
leaves unarmed, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, some-
what 5- nerved, glaucous beneath ; peduncles
longer than the petioles.
IIAB. Low thickets. July. Stem climbing ; prickle:
scattered ; lev. black, 3-seeded.
.». S. rotundifolia : stem prickly, subterete ; leaves
unarmed, roundish-ovate, short-acuminate; cord
;it<\ 5 — 7-nerved ; berries spherical.
IIAB. Hedges, &c. June. Stem climb.; branch
(juadrang. ; br.r. black ; fl. umbel.
S, caduca : prickly ; leaves ovate, mucronate, mem
brauacrous, 5-nervrd ; common peduncles scarce-
ly longer than the petiolea.
I i 2
374 D10ECIA.— HEXANDKIA
II AB.- Fields and dry wood:*. June. Climbing
stem subang. ; petiol. 5 — G lin. long.
1. S. Pseudo-china: stem unarmed; leaves unarmed,
those of the stem cordate, of the branches ovate-
oblong, 5-nerved ; peduncles very long.
HAB, Pine barrens and sandy fields. June. Root<
large, tuber. ; stem climb.
b. S. laurifolia : prickly ; branches unarmed ; leaves
coriaceous, elliptical or elliptical-lanceolate, ob
tuse, slightly acuminate, shining, 3-nerved ; um-
bels on short peduncles.
HAB. Pine barrens. July. Stem with few -prickles ■
leav. very thick, smooth*
6. S. pandurata : prickly; leaves ovate-panduri-
form, acuminate, 3-nerved ; common peduncle
twice as long as the petiole.
HAB. Sandy woods. July. Leav. smooth and
shining. A var. of the preceding ?
* * Stems herbaceous, unarmed.
7. S. herbacea : stem slightly angled, erect ; leaves
5 — 7-nerved, acuminate, pubescent beneath, the
lower ones alternate, upper verticillate and
crowded ; peduncles very long, compressed.
HAB. Moist shady places. June. Stem 2—3 ft.
high, nearly simp. ; ber. black,
o. S. peduncularis : stem terete, climbing; leaves
ovate, nearly round, cordate, acuminate, 9-nerved ;
umbels on very long peduncles.
HAB. Low grounds. June. Stem climb, by ten-
drils, 5 — Bft. high ; leav. smooth ; fl. fetid.
533. DIOSCOREA. Yam. Asparagex.
J. D.villosa: leaves alternate, opposite and verticil
late, cordate, acuminate, pubescent beneath, 9
nerved, the lateral nerves simple.
HAB. Hedges and woods. June. 11. Climbing.
sler.fl. in axill. panic, small.
2. D. quaternata : leaves verticillate by fours, and al-
ternate, cordate, acuminate, smooth on both sic!c<.
7-nerved : the lateral nerves divided.
HAB. Dry soils. June. U. Climbing: leav.
longer acum. than the preceding.
DI0EC1A.— OCTANDRIA.
j84. GLEDITSCHIA. Honey-locust. Lcguminostc
G . triacanthos : branches spiny ; spines thick, triple
and compound ; leaflets oval and oblong; legumet
many-seeded.
11AB. About plantations. June. A middle- size*'
tree; spines very long ; legumes falcate, long.
3. inermis : branches unarmed.
HAB. With the preceding.
OCTANDMA.
505. POPULUS. Poplar. Salicintr.
J. P. candicans : leaves cordate, ovate, acuminate, ob
tusely and unequally serrate, white beneath.,
somewhat triply nerved, reliculately veined ; pe-
tiole hairy ; buds resinous ; branches round.
HAH. Woods. April. A small tree ; teav. large;
buds odorous.
,\ P. tremuloides : leaves roundish, abruptly acumi
nate, dentate-serrate, pubescent on the margin.
HAB. Woods. April. A middle-sized tree ; bark
smooth; leav. thin, rather small
3. P. hudsonica : leaves rhomboid, wilh a very long
acuminatum, dentate-serrate, smooth ; young
branches hairy.
HAB. Banks of rivers. April. A large tree
branch, spreading ; leav. 3—4 in. long.
1. P. grandidtntaia: leaves roundish-ovate, acule, will:
large unequal sinuate teclh ; younger ones villous.
HAB. Woods. April. A middle-sized tree ; youTi£
leav. downy.
jicndula : branches pendulous.
HAB. Mountains. Rare.
>. P. hctcrophylla : leaves rour. dish-ovate, with tin
•inns small, cordate, Bubauriculate, uncii
toothed ; young ones ton.
DIOSP1 ROS. Pereimu
\). virginianc i ovate»oblong, acuminate n
reliculately veined; petioles pubeteent ; bud
smooth.
HAB. Woods. June. A email tree ; Jl. pale oronge ;
fir. roundith) ing.
DIGECIA.— MONADELPIIIA.
587. SHEPHERDIA. Eleagni.
S. canadensis; leaves oblong-ovate, nearly smootl.
above, stellately hairy and scaly beneath ; the
scales ferruginous and deciduous.
HAB. Borders ot lakes and river banks. Aug. .'/
shrub 6 — 3 ft. high ; fl. dust., minute.
ENNEANDRIA.
588. ELODEA. Halorageoc.
E. canadensis : leaves verticillate by threes and four?,
lanceolate, oblong or linear, serrulate ; tube of tht<
calyx filiform.
HAB. Creeks and still waters. Aug. H. Stem
subm., dichot. ; Jl. minute, "white.
DECANDRIA.
589. GYMNOCLADUS. Coffee-bean tree. Legu-
minoscc.
G. canadensis.
HAB. Woods. May — June. Jl middle-sized tree r
leav. very large, bipinnate ; Jl. racem.
POL1ANDRIA
590. MENISPERMUM. Moon-seed. Menisper-
maceoz.
V. M. canadense : leaves peltate, cordate, rounded
angular ; racemes compound ; petals 8.
HAB. Woods and hedges. July. U . Climbing
nciiol. long ; racem. axill. ; Jl. small, yelL
MONADELPHIA.
591, JUNIPERUS. Juniper. Coniferce.
I, 3. -communis: leaves ternate, spreading, muoro
nate, longer than the berry
3. depressa : stems prostrate,
CRYPTOGAMIA.— FILICES. 37V
iJAB. Dry woods. April — May. A low spread-
ing shrub ; leav. shining above, glauc. beneath.
J. J. virginiana : upper leaves imbricate in four rows
ovate-lanceolate, pungently acute, appressed ;
young ones acerose expanding ; trunk arboreous.
HAB. Dry rocky places. April. Ji small tree:
leav. sometimes ternate ; 6er., sjnall, blue.
3. J. prustrata : leaves imbricate id four rows, ovate,
submucronate, glandular in the middle, appressed ;
berries tubercular; stem prostrate* creeping.
HAB. Gravelly shores. A shrub with very lone
creeping branches ; berries longer than Ao. 2.
592. TAXUS. Yew. Coniferce.
F. canadensis . leaves linear, distichous, revolute on
the margin ; sterile receptacle globose.
HAB. Shady rocks. April. Shrub evergreen, 2 — *
4 ft* high ; berries red.
CRYPTOGAVIIA.
F1LK KS.
* Capsules furnished with an articulated clastic ring
transversely opening.
193. POLYPODIUM. Sori (small clusters of cap
sules) roundish, scattered. Involucrum 0.
S94. HYPOPELTIS. Sori roundish, having a cup-
shaped involucrum beneath, divided into 5 — <>
irregular segment-. Capsules sessile.
>95. WOODS1A. Sori roundish, having an involu-
crum beneath, which is cut into numerous ca-
pillary segments. Capsules pedicellate.
r>9G. ASPIDIUM. Sori rduhditfti or elliptical, scat-
tered, liivolurrum umbilicalc, or opening OH
one side.
>07. ASPLKNU'M. Sort linear, straight, more or
lefli transverse. Invoho rum arising from the
lateral veins, and opening toward- the central
337 CHYPTOGAMIA.— FILICES.
598. SCOLOPENDRIUM. Sori linear, transverse
scattered. Invoiucrum double, occupying both
sides of the sorus, superficial, and opening like
a longitudinal suture.
399. WOODWARDIA. Sori oblong, distinct, straight.
parallel with the ribs of the frond, on either
side. Invoiucrum superficial, arched, opening
inward.
GOO. PTERIS. Sori in a continued marginal line.
Invoiucrum formed of the inflexed margin of the
frond, opening inwards.
601. ADIANTUM. Sori oblong or roundish. In
volucra membranaceous, arising from distinct
portions of the frond turned in, opening inwards.
602. CHEILANTHES. Sori punctiform, distinct and
marginal, each covered with a scale-like mar-
ginal invoiucrum opening inwards.
603. HYMENOPHYLLUM. Sori marginal. Capsule*
sessile, inserted upon a common cylindrical re-
ceptacle, within a 2-valved invoiucrum of the
same texture as the frond ; valves plane, exte-
rior free.
604. ONOCLEA. Sori indeterminate. Capsules co
vering the whole lower surface of the frond.
Invoiucrum resembling a berry, formed of the
frond, opening, but not expanding.
605. STRUTHIOPTERIS. Capsules densely cover
ing the back of the frond. Invoiucrum squami-
form, marginal, opening inwards.
** Capsules destitute of a ring, vascular-reticulate.,
pellucid, radiate at the tip and substriatc, longitudi
nally {and often externally) opening.
G06. OSMUNDA. Capsules subglobose, pedicellate,
striate, half-bivalved, paniculate. Invoiucrum 0.
G07. SCHIZJEA. Spikes unilateral, flabellate, aggre-
gate. C&psules subturbinate, striate longitudi-
nally and radiate, opening laterally. Invoiu-
crum continuous, formed of the inflexed margin
of the spikes.
r308. LYGODIUM. Capsules in 2 series on the back
of appendages to the frond, radiate-striate, or
wrinkled, opening on the inner side., from thr
CRYPTOGAMIA.— RHIZOCARPA. 37fl
base to the summit. Involucrum scale-like, co-
vering each capsule.
* * * Capsules destitute of a ring, adnate at the base,
subglobose, coriaceous, opakc, not cellular, semibi'
valved.
609. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Capsules naked, upon an
articulated distichous spike, transversely open-
ins;, 2-valved.
r,\0. BOTRYCHIUM. Capsules subglobose, adnate
to the rachis of the compound spike, distinct,
naked, 1-celled ; valves 2, connected behind,
transversely opening.
LYCOPO DINERS.
611. LYCOPODIUM. Capsules 1-celled, axillary
sessile ; some of them 2-valved, filled with a
farinaceous substance ; others 3-valvcd, con-
taining from 1 — 6 globose corpuscules.
EQLISETACEJE.
HI 2. EQJJISETUM. Fructification terminal, spiked,
consisting of peltate polygonous scales, on the
under side of which are from h — 7 follicular
involucra opening longitudinally on the inside.
Sporoz included in the involucrum, numerous,
<j;reen,) globose, with 4 filaments at the base
which are dilated at the extremity.
miTZO( AHPA.
<M3. SALVIN1A. Involucra imbricate, (4—9,) con-
nate, resembling a unilocular capsule. Spora:
inserted on a central receptacle.
614. AZOLLA. Mono-icon*. Sterile? appendage* by
pans, contiguous. Involucrum subglobose, re-
sembling a unilocular capsule. Sponr numer-
ous, naked.
615. I80ETE& Capsule membranaceous, not open-
ing, immersed at the ba-c of tin: frond. I •celled
>80 CRYPTOGAMIA.— FILICES.
Seeds angular, attached to numerous filiform re
ceptacles.
CRYPTOGAMIA.
FILICES.
593. POLYPODIUM. Polypody.
1. P. vulgare: fronds deeply pinnatifid ; segments li^
near-lanceolate, obtuse, crenulate, approximate ,
the upper ones gradually smaller ; caudex chaffy ;
stipe smooth.
IIAB. Shady rocks. July. Fronds 8 — 12 in, high,
smooth ; segments 3 — 4 lin. broad, somewhat cur-
ved.
2. P. hexagonopterum : fronds bi pinnatifid, rather
smooth, circumference triangular, two of the lower
divisions deflexed ; segments lanceolate, obtuse,
ciliate, the upper ones very entire, lower ones in-
cisely crenate ; the lowest adnate-decurrent ; soil
minute, solitary; stipe smooth.
IIAB. Moist wood*. Aug. Fronds 12 in. high,
very broad ; divisions acuminate, separate.
3. P. connectile : fronds bipinnatifid, ciliate, triangular
divisions opposite, contiguous, adnate ; segments
subelliptical ; stipe chaffy ; sori minute.
IIAB. Woods. Aog. Fronds 12 in. high, oblong,
triang. ; segments closehj approximate at base.
4. P. Dryopteris : fronds female, bipinnate, patulou-
and detlexed ; segments obtuse, subcrenate ; soii
marginal ; root filiform.
•HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. Frond 8 — 12in.hi»';.
triang. ; stipe slend. ; sori at length subconjl.
591. HYPOPELTIS.
H. obtusa.
HAB. Rocky Woods. Aug. Fronds 8 — 14 in.
high, bipinnate; divisions sub remote ; segments ob-
long, the lower ones crenate-dentate^ rachis pubis.
above ; sori subconjliicni.
CRYPTOGAMIA.— FILICES, 38J
595. WOODSIA.
W. ilvensis: fronds bipinnatifid ; segments oblong, ob-
tuse, the inferior ones repand, upper very entire,
hairy beneath ; sori submarginal, at length con-
fluent ; stipe villous above.
HAB. Rocks. July — Aug. Fronds 6 — Sin. high,
beneath chaffy and hairy f cespitose.
596. ASPIDIUM. Shield-fern.
v Involucrum subumbilicate or reniform^ attached near
the centre of the sorus and opening on all sides.
t Fronds simply pinnate.
1. A. acrostichoides : fronds pinnate ; segments lanceo
late, falcate, acute, ciliate-serrulate, auriculate on
one side at the base, subsessile, only the upper
ones fructiferous ; sori at length confluent ; stipe
chaffy.
HAB. Shady rocks. Fronds 15 — 18 in. high; seg.
1 in* long ; fructiferous ones smaller.
1 1 Frond subbipinnate.
2. A. noveboracense : frond pinnate, the divisions pin-
natifid, linear-lanceolate ; segments, oblong, ob-
tuse, entire, ciliate ; sori marginal ; stipe nearly
smooth.
HAB. Damp woods. July. Frond 1 — 2ft. high:
seg. mostly obtuse, pubes. beneath.
S. A. Thelypteris : frond pinnate; the divisions pinna
tifid, linear-lanceolate, distinct at the base ; seg-
ments ovate, acute, entire ; sori marginal, conti
guous, at length confluent.
HAB. Wet woods and swamps. Frond a foot and
a half hiqh. Distinct from the preceding?
4. A. cristatum : /3. lancastrnnrc : frond lanceolate-
oVate, smooth, pinnate ; divisions subcordaie, pin
natifid ; segment* ti ianinilar-oblon^, snmulosr-
rate ; stipe nearly Baked*
t t t Frond doubly and triply piniutlr.
7). A. Goldianum : frond broad-ovate, smooth, bipin
K k
382 CRYPTOGAMIA.— FILICES.
nate ,• divisions lanceolate, pinnatifid ; segments
oblong, obtuse, with remote uncinate serratures,
the lowest decurrent on the rachis ; sori near the
central nerve ; stipe and rachis somewhat chaffy.
HAB. Rocky woods. July. Frond very broad, 2
ft. high ; invol, peltate.
6. A.marginale: frond bipinnate ; segments oblong.
obtuse, decurrent, crenate, sinuate-repand at the
base ; sori marginal ; stipe paleaceous.
HAB. Rocky places. July. Frond 18 in. high,
very smooth; invol. large, umbilicate.
7. A. spinulosum : frond bipinnate ; divisions oblong.
decurrent, smaller segments mucronately serrate ;
stipe paleaceous ; involucrum glandular.
HAB. Rocky woods. July. Frond broad, slender.
smooth ; sori small.
3. A.dilatatum: fronds bipinnate; divisions oblong,
distinct, incisely pinnatifid ; segments mucronately
serrate ; stipe chaffy ; involucrum smooth.
HAB. Shady woods. July. Frond broad, 2 ft*
high ; stipe slightly chaffy.
* * Involucrum oblong, opening on one side.
#. A. asplenioides : frond bipinnate ; segments lanceo
late, incisely serrate ; serratures 2= — 3-toothed ;
sori oblong, lunate.
HAB. Moist woods. Two ft. high; frond smooth ;
sori at length subconfluent.
* * * Involucrum hemispherical, bursting at the top.
10. A. tenue : frond bipinnate; segments ovate, de-
current, dentate ; sori solitary, near the teeth of
the leaflets.
HAB. Rocks. Cespitose, 6 — 3 in. high, slend. ; sori
large ; invol. deciduous,
1 1. A. bidbiferum: frond bipinnate, lanceolate, attenu-
ate above ; segments oblong, obtuse, serrate, the
inferior ones pinnatifid ; rachis bulbiferous ; sori
minute.
H\B. Rocky woods. Frond narrow and long, IS
in. high ; bulbs ovate, compress., green.
12. A. punctilobulum : frond bipinnate, oblong; divi-
sions oblong, pinnatifid ; segments with the supe-
CRYPTOGAMIA.— F1LICES. 333
rior margin incisely dentate ; stipe somewhat
hairy.
HAB. Shady woods. Frond 18 in. high, thin; sori
minute, near the margin.
597. ASPLENIUM. Spleenwort.
f. A. rhizophyllum : frond lanceolate, stipitate, subcre-
nate, auriculate-cordate at the base, the point
very long, filiform, rooting.
MAB. Rocks. Frond G — 10 in. long, rooting at the
extrcm., and producing new plants.
/3. pinnatifdum : frond pinnatifid ; lobes roundish-
ovate, the lower ones crenate.
HAB. Rocks. Larger than the common variety.
2. A. angustifolium : frond pinnate ; divisions alternate,
upper ones opposite, linear-lanceolate, somewhat
repand, the base truncate on the upper side,
rounded on the lower.
HAB. Low woods. July. Frond 1 — 2 ft. high,
the fertile one separate ; sori large.
}. A. ebenentn : frond pinnate ; divisions lanceolate,
somewhat falcate, serrate, auriculate at the base :
stem smooth and pnlishcd.
HAB Rocky woods. Frond 12 in. high; stipe
slend., brown; seg, I in. long, appearing spiral.
4. A. Trichomonas : frond pinnate ; divisions roundish;
crenate, obtusely cuneate, and entire at the base ;
stipe polished and black.
MAB. Rocks. Cespitose 0 — 8 in. high, delicate;
seg. 4 — 5 lin. long ; sori few, large.
5. A. thelypteroida : frond pinnate ; divisions pinnati-
fid, lanceolate ; segments oblong, obtuse, serrate,
confluent at the base ; sori in parallel oblique lines.
HAB. Shady woods. About 2ft. high ; frond ovate,
sort very numerous ; slipe smooth.
6. A. Ruta muraria : frond bi pinnate at the base, sim-
ply pinnate ;it top ; segment! cuneate, obtusely
dentate at the extremity.
IIAB. Dry rocks. Frond 2 — 3 in. high, rather co*
riaceous ; seg. tubrhombic ; stipe smooth.
'■'. A.montanum: frond smooth, bipinnate ; divisions
lanceolate, pinnatifid ; segments % — 3-toothed.
HAB. Clefts of rocks on mountains.
384 CRYPTOGAMIA.— FILICES.
598. SCOLOPENDRIUM. Hart's-tongue.
S. vulgare: frond ligulate, entire, cordate at the base.
HAB. Limestone rocks. Frond 8 — 10 in. long,
rachis acute, petiolate ; sori very large*
599. WOODWARDIA.
1. W . onocleoides ; sterile frond pinnatifid ; segments
lanceolate, repand, slightly serrulate ; fertile
fronds pinnate ; segments linear, entire, acute.
HAB. Swamps. About lft. high ; fert.fr ond witli
very narrow seg. ; sori large, oblong.
2. W.virginica: frond very smooth, pinnate; divi-
sions sessile, lanceolate, pinnatifid ; segments ob-
long, obtuse, nearly entire ; stipe smooth, nearly
terete.
HAB. Swamps. About 2 ft. high ; frond oblong,
sori small, at length subconfluent.
600. PTERIS. Brake.
t . P. Aquilina : frond tripartite ; divisions bipinnate ;
segments oblong-lanceolate, the lower ones pin-
natifid, upper ones entire.
HAB. Woods. Two— four ft. high ; stipe long,
erect, smooth ; frond ample, circumf. triang.
1. P. atropurpurea : frond pinnate ; inferior divisions
ternate or pinnate ; segments lanceolate, obtuse,
obliquely truncate or subcordate at the base.
HAB. Rocks. A span high ; frond grayish green;
fructif conspicuous ; stipe dark 6r., subpubes.
:3. P. caudata: frond pinnately 3-parted ; sterile divi
sions bipinnate, with the segments linear, long, ob-
tuse, and very entire ; fertile divisions pinnate :
segments rather remote, the lower ones pinnatifid-
dentate at the base.
HAB. Stony woods near creeks. A small species ;
stipe black and shining.
601. ADIANTUM. Maiden-hair.
K. pedatum : frond pedate ; divisions pedate ; segments
rhomboid-oblong, sublunate, incisely lobed,
CRYPTOGAMIA.— F1LICES. 385
HAB. Rocky woods. About 1 ft. high ; stipe slend.,
black, polish. ; frond ample ; segm. entire below.
002. CHEILANTHES.
C. veslita : frond bipinnate, hairy on both sides ; seg-
ments oblong, obtuse, very entire ; stipe and
rachis hairy.
HAB. Rocks. About 4 in. high, covered with chaffy
brown hair.
003. HYiMENOPHYLLUM.
\\. ciliatum: frond pinnate ; lower divisions larger, up-
per ones gradually smaller, pinnatifid ; segment*
linear, obtuse, bifid, ciliate, hairy on the veins ;
rachis and stipe winged, ciliate.
HAB. Trunks of trees.
604. ONOCLEA. Sensitive fern,
' ). sensibilis : sterile frond, pinnate ; segments lacinate.
the upper ones united; fertile frond bipinnate, re-
sembling a compound spike, with recurved globu-
lar segments.
HAB. Low ground--. Fronds about a foot high;
cterile dilated, suhtriang. ; fertile very narrow.
(S. obtusiloba : divisions of the frond opposite, pinna-
tifid, with rounded lobes.
HAB. Low grounds. Smaller than the preceding,
005. STRUTHIOPTERIS.
S, pennsylvanica : j-tcrile frond bipinnntitid ; segments
entire, obtuse, the lowest elongated and recurved.
HAB. Low grounds. About 2 ft. high ; fertile
frond resembl . a compound spike ; seg. lin., num.
. OSMUNDA, Flowering fern.
I. O. cinnamomea : sterile frond pinnate j OlTiaioiU
pinnatifid ; segments ovate, oblong-obtuse, very
entire ; stipe woolly ; fertile frond bipinnate.
woolly.
HAB. Low grounds. Fronds 3 — 5 ft. high ; slip?
K k 2
586 CRYPTOGAMIA.— FILICES.
covered with brown hair ; fertile jr. spikelike,
sometimes bearing a few leaves.
2. 0. interrupta : frond pinnate, smooth ; divisions
pinnatifid ; segments oblong, rather acute, entire :
some of the intermediate divisions fructiferous.
HAB. Low grounds. Frond 3 — 4 ft. high ; several
central pairs of the divisions fertile, dark-br.
3. O. regalis ; frond bipinnate ; segments oblong, dis-
tinct, serrulate ; raceme terminal compound.
HAB. Swamps. About 4 ft. high, smooth; panich
large, very compound.
607. SCHIZ^A.
3. pusilla : frond simple, linear, compressed, tortuous ;
spikes few, conglomerate at the summit of a long
slender stipe.
HAB. Pine barrens. Aug. Fronds num., cespit.
2 in. long j stipe 4 — 5 in. long,Jilif. ; spik. brown.
608. LYGODIUM.
L. palmatum : stem flexuous and climbing ; fronds con-
jugate, cordate, palmate, with 5 lobes ; lobes en-
tire, obtuse ; spikelets oblong-linear, in a com-
pound terminal spike.
HAB. Shady banks of creeks. July. Frond 3—
5 ft. high, smooth, slend. ; fr. subterm.
609. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Adder's tongue.
1. O. vulgaium: spike cauline ; frond oblong-ovate,
- obtuse, closely reticulate.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. About -a span high ;
leaf solit. entire; spik. linear, 2-r owed.
*. O. bulbosum : spike cauline ; frond subcordate-
ovate, rather obtuse ; root bulbous.
HAB. Low sandy grounds. About 6 in. high ; frond
\h in. long, 1 in. broad, reticulate.
610. BOTRYCHIUM.
I. B. simplex: stipe with a single frond above ; frond
subpinnate ; segments 3 — 5, rarely 7, roundish
obovate, sometimes lobed.
CRYPTOGAMIA.— LYCOPODINEiE. 387
HAB. Dry woods. July. About 4 in. high; frond
very small, variable.
B. fumarioides : stipe naked; frond smooth, radi-
cal, 3-parted, bipinnate ; leaflets lunate, crenate :
spikes bipinnate.
HAB. Shady woods. Aug. A foot high ; stipe
rather thick ; frond somewhat succul.
j3. obliquum : scape with a single frond below ; leaf-
lets oblong-lanceolate, serrulate.
HAB. Shady low grounds. Flowers later than the
preceding.
B. disseclnm : scape with the frond near the base ;
frond tripartite-bipinnatifid ; segments linear, 2-
parted, 2-toothed at the extremity.
HAB. Shady woods. Aug. A span high ; frond
much divided ; spike compound.
B. virginicum : somewhat hairy ; scape bearing the
frond in the middle ; frond 3-parted, bipinnatifid ;
divisions incisely pinnatitid ; segments obtuse,
about 3-toothed ; spikes decompound.
HAB. Woods. July. Nearly 2 ft high ; stipe
mostly hairy ; frond thin ; spik. often geminate.
,3. gracile : smooth ; spike bipinnate, on a long
slender peduncle.
HAB. Dry woods. A span high ; frond and spike
delicate, very smooth.
LYCOPODI\E^.
611. LYCOPODIUM. Club-moss.
* Spikes pedunculate.
. L. carolinianum : stem creeping; leaves distichous.
spreading, lanceolate; peduncle erect, solitary.
elongated, one-spiked ; bracts sublanceolate.
HAB. Sandy swamps. Srpt. Stem oppressed to
the ground ; jiednnc. 3 — 4 Ml. long,
. \j.clavatum: stem creeping, with ascending branches*;
leaves scattered, incurved, ending in built; spikei
geminate or ternate, cylindrical, pedunculate ;
scales ovate, acuminate, coarsely dentate.
HAB. Woods. July. Stem long, trailing; lean.
ending in a diaphanous bristle, entire or scrrul.
388 CRYPTOGAMIA LYCOPODINE&.
3. L. complanatum : stem trailing, with dichotomous
branches ; leaves 2-rowed, connate, superficial
ones solitary ; peduncles elongated, supporting 4
cylindrical spikes.
HAB. Woods. Aug. Stem 2 — 10 ft. long ; branch .
repeatedly forked ; leav. small, pung.
* * Spikes sessile ; leaves surrounding the stem.
4. L. dendroideum : erect ; branches alternate, crowd*
ed, dichotoraous, erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
in 6 equal rows ; spikes numerous, solitary, ses-
sile.
HAB. Woods. July. About a span high ; branch,
numerous ; spikes 3 — 4 on each plant.
/3. obscurum : branches spreading; plant mostly 1-
spiked.
HAB. Woods. Branch, diverging, loose ; spike as
in the preceding.
5. L. annotinum : stem creeping ; branches ascending,
dichotomously branched; branchlets simple; leaves
in 5 rows, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, serrulate,
spreading; spikes oblong-cylindrical, solitary, ses-
sile, terminal.
HAB. Rocky and mountain woods. Aug. About
a span high ; branch. 4 — 8 ; spik. 1 in. long,
ft. L. inundatum : stem creeping ; branches simple,
solitary, erect, with a single sessile leafy spike at
. the extremity ; leaves linear, scattered, acute, en-
tire, curved upwards.
HAB. Low wet grounds. July. Stem 3 — 4 tit.
long ; flowering branch, subradical.
7. L. selaginoides : stem creeping ; branches ascend-
ing, simple ; leaves scattered, lanceolate, some-
what spreading, ciliate-denticulate ; spikes termi-
nal, solitary.
HAB. Mossy woods. July.
3. L. alopecuroides : stem creeping, somewhat branch-
ed ; branches nearly simple, elongated, ascending,
with a sessile leafy spike at the summit ; leave*
linear-subulate, ciliate-dentate at the base, spread-
ing.
HAB. Sandy and sphagnous swamps. Oct. Stem
CRYPTOGAMIA.— EQJJISETACEiE. 3&
long; branches densely leaved, terete, 8 — 12 in.
high.
9. L. rupestre: stem creeping, with ascending subdi-
vided branches ; leaves scattered, imbricate, li-
near-lanceolate, ciliate, ending in hairs ; spikes
solitary, sessile, quadrangular.
HAB. Rocks. July. Stem 2 — 3 in. long ; branch .
numerous, somewhat incurved ; plant grayish-green.
* * * Spikes sessile ; leaves distichous.
10. L. apodum: leaves 2-rowed, roundish-ovate, acute,
denticulate, Oat, acuminate ; spikes terminal, ses-
sile, nearly solitary, quadrangular.
HAB. Wet rocky places. July. Resembling a
a moss, or Jungermannia ; creeping.
* * * * Fructification axillary.
11. L. lacidulum : leaves in 8 rows, linear-lanceolate,
denticulate, acute, spreading-reflexed ; stem as-
cending, bifid.
HAB. Woods. July. Stem 3 — 12 in. long, nearly
erect, simp, or bifid, dark green.
12. L. Selago : stem dichotomously branched, erect,
fastigiate ; leaves scattered in 6 equal rows, linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, entire, imbricate, rigid ;
fruit axillary.
HAB. High mountains. About 6 in. high; leav
densely imbricated.
EQUISETACEjE.
612. EqUISETUM. Horse-tail.
1. E. hyemale : stem simple, erect, very rough, na
ked ; sheaths whitish, black at the base and sum
mit.
HAB. Woods and marshes. April. Stem 2 — 3f(.
high, slend.,pale green ; spik. term., mostly solitary.
1. E. arvense : sterile stems decumbent, with simple
branches, which are rough am) quadrangular ; fer
tile stem erect, simple ; sheaths simple, cylindri
eal| incisely-dentate.
390 CRYPTOGAMIA.— RH1ZOCARPA,
HAB. Boggy grounds. April. A span high ; sheatfu
of the fertile stems swelling ; teeth black.
3. E. sylvaticum : sterile and fertile stems with com-
pound scabrous deflexed branches.
HAB. Woods and low grounds. May. Branch,
verticill., curved downwards ; sheaths loose.
4. E. limosum : stems branched upwards, with the
branches about 12 in a whorl, simple, pentagonal,
smooth.
HAB. Borders of ponds, &c. July. Stems 2 — 4
ft. high ; sheaths with narrow acute black teeth.
5. E. variegatum : cespitose ; stems somewhat branch-
ed at the base, naked, scabrous, filiform ; sheaths
3-toothed, blackish ; teeth membranaceous, lanceo-
late, whitish, deciduous at the tips.
HAB. Borders of lakes. Aug. Stem 3 — 6 in.
long, 5-angled ; rough with siliceous dots.
RHIZOCARPA.
613. SALVINIA.
«
S. natans: leaves ovate, subcordate, obtuse, with fas-
cicles of hairs beneath, scabrous.
HAB. Lakes and still waters. Floating.
614. AZOLLA.
A. caroliniana : leaves distichous, imbricate, ovate
oblong, obtuse, spreading.
HAB. Lakes and still waters. Floating ; resembling
a Jungermannia ,' leav. reddish beneath.
615. 1SOETES.
I. lacustris.
HAB. Bottom of lakes. Leav. all radical, 2 — 5 in-
long, subulate, fleshy ,*semicylindrical .
[ OMITTED. ]
435. FUMARIA. Fumitory. Fwnariacta.
officinalis : siliclea globose-retuse : fructiferous pe-
dicels erect, twice as long as the bract ; racemes
rather loose ; stems erect ; leaves decompound,
with linear lobes.
H-AB. Sandy fields. ©. July— Aug. Fl. purp. §.
INDEX OF THE GENERA.
PAGE.
Acalypha 3G1
Acer 169
Achillea 308
Acnida 373
Aconitum 218
Acorus 156
Actaea 217
Actinorneris 313
Adiantum 384
^Escbynomene 270
Esculus 164
Agave 151
Agrimonia 200
Agropyron 65
Agrostemma 1 94
Agrostis 50
Aira 64
Alchemilla 86
Vletris 150
Alisma 163
Allium 149
Mnus 350
Alopccurus 53
Alysaum 247
Altba:a 255
Amaranthus 352
Amaryllis 149
Ambrosia 353
Ammannia 86
Amorpba 262
Amphicarpa 270
Anagallis 102
Andromeda 181
\mlropogon 73
Anemone 222
Angelica 137
Anthemis 307
Anthoxanthura 54
\iitirrbinum
Anychia 123
Apargia
Apios 970
Aplectrum
Apocynum lvM
\quilegia 218
PAGE.
Arabia 250
Aralia 141
Arbutus. 178
Arctium 280
Arei.aria 192
Arethusa 321
Argeuione 216
Aristida 49
Aristolochia 323
Arnica 305
Aronia 202
Arrhenatherum 63
Artemisia 287
Arum 358
Arundo 53
Asarum 324
Asclepias 125
Ascyrum 219
Asimina 222
Asparagus 155
Aspidium 381
Asplenium 383
Aster 291
Astragalus 264
Atherupogon 66
Atriplex 129
Avena 64
Azalea 110
Azolla 391
Baccharis 288
Baptisia 188
B:ir!)area 251
Bartonia 85
Bartsia S44
Berberii 143
Betula . 35.">
Bidena 311
Biffnonil 2M
BGtum it
Boehmerla 3
Boltonia
Botrycbium 336
15r;uliv<lytrum
Brusenia
I 1
-J94
NDEX OF THE GENERA.
Briza 56
Bromus 63
Buchnera 240
Cacalia 286
Cactus 198
Cakile 246
Calla 358
Callitriche 14
Calopogon 321
Caltha 224
Calycanthus 211
Camelina 248
Campanula Ill
Cardamine 248
Carex 333
Carpinus 356
Carya 357
Cassia 187
Castanea 355
Catalpa 20
Caulinia 330
Ceanothus 119
Celastrus 120
Celtis 132
Cenchrus 46
Cephalanthus 78
Cerastium 193
Ceratochloa 62
Ceratophyllum 354
Cercis , 188
Chaerophyllum 354
Cheilanthes 385
Chelone 243
Chelidonium 216
Chenopodium 130
Chionanthus 17
Chrysocoma 286
Chrysosplenium 189
Chrysanthemum 307
Cichorium 276
Cicuta 3 35
Cimicifuga 219
Cinna 52
Circaea 24
Cissus 121
Claytonia 119
Clematis 222
Cleome 252
Clethra 1S7
Clinopodium 236
Clitoria 271
Cnicus 281
Cnidium 134
Collinsia 241
Cominelina 35
Comptonia 349
Conium 136
Conostylis 150
Convallaria 153
Convolvulus 107
Conyza '288
Coptis 225
Corallorhiza 322
Coreopsis 312
Cornus 82
Corydalis 259
Corylus 360
Crataegus 201
Crotalaria 262
Crotonopsis 352
Crypsis 53
Crypta 24
Cucubalus 190
Cunila 22
Cuphea 200
Cupressus 361
Cuscuta 128
Cynodon 54
Cynoglossum 102
Cyperus 42
Cypripedium * 322
Dactylis 62
Dalibarda 208
Danthonia 62
Datura 110
Daucus 135
Delphinium 218
Dentaria 248
Dianthus 190
Diapensia 110
Diervilla 113
Digitaria 72
Diarrhena 62
Diodia 80
Dioscorea 374
Diospyros 375
Dipsacus 78
Dirca 170
Dodecatheon 104
Dolichos
Draba 247
Dracocephalum 236
Drosera 142
Dryas 20S
INDEX OF THE GENERA.
395
Dulichium 42
Echium 101
Elephantopus 314
Eleusine 65
Elodea 376
Elymus . . . . 66
Empetrum 372
Epipliagus 244
Epigaea 184
Epilohium 168
Equisetum 389
Engeron 289
Eriocaulon 350
Eriophorum 45
Ervum 264
Eryngium 132
Erytbronium 152
Eucbroma 243
Eupatorium 283
Euphorbia 331
Evonymus . 119
Exacum 85
Fagus • 360
Fedia 34
Festuca 60
F'otrkea 149
Fragaria 211
Frasera 85
Fraxinus 371
Fuirena 45
Fumaria .c. . . . —
Galactia 271
Galeopsii 234
Galium 78
Gfuiltheria 179
Giura 163
G« aiata 2G2
(ientiana 127
Geranium 254
Grrardia 241
G.-um 208
Gillenia Wf
GUuX 124
GHechonaa 234
Ql< ditseatt 375
GHyceria M
i (hum 2^S
Gonulobus 125
Goociycra 319
Gratiolat 19
Gymnocladus 37£
Gymnopogon 54
Gyromia 161
Habenaria 317
Hamamelis 86
Hamiltonia 123
Hedeoma 22
Hedyotis 81
Hedysarum 261
Helenium * 30fe
Helianthemum 215
Helianthus 30fe
Heliopsis 308
Helonias 159
Hemerocallis 151
H» mianthus 20
Hepatica 22i-
Heracleum 13?
Herpestis 230
Hesperis 281
Heteranthera 30
Heucbera 129
Hibiscus 255
Hieracium 279
Hierochloa 77
Hippuris lo
Hoicus 71
Holosteum 74
Hordeum 73
Hottonia 104
Houstonia 81
Hodapata 215
11 :lllus 373
Hydrangea 1SS
Hydrastis 224
Mvdroebloa 354
ilv.lrorotyle 133
Hydrophyllum
Hymeuopbyllum 385
Hyoacyaaaua 107
H\|'cnfum 219
Hypoxia 160
I Is poueltis 380
i is isopna M3
r».mia 17(
n i M
Impaiieoa I ••
Inula
Ipomaaa
In>
Isanthus
3%
INDEX OF THE GENERA.
Isnardia 83
Isoetes 393
Itea 115
Juglans 357
Juncus 1 5G
Juniperus 376
Justicia 20
Iva 314
Kalmia 182
Koeleria 59
Krigia 280
Kubnia 2S3
Kyllingia 37
Lacbnantbes 35
Laetuca 278
Lamium 233
Lathyrus 263
Laurus 174
Lechea 74
Lecontia 353
Ledum 186
Leersia 47
Leiopbyllum 187
Lemna , 24
Leontice 148
Leontodon 277
Leonurus 234
Lepidium 248
Leptatidra 19
Lespedeza 266
Liatris 282
Ligusticum 136
Lia;ustrum 17
Lilium 152
Limosella 239
Lindernia ... 19
Linnaea 82
Linum 142
Liquidambar 357
Liriodendron 221
Listeria 320
Lithospermum 100-
Lobelia 112
Lolium ' 64
Lonicera 113
Ludivigia 83
Lupsnus 252
Luzula 158
Lycojjodium 387
Lycnpsis 102
f.ycopus 21
Lygodium 386
Lysimacbia 102
Lythrum 200
Magnolia 221
Malaxis 321
Malva 255
Mariscus 42
Marrubium 235
Martynia 243
Meconopsis 216
Medicago 271
Melampyrum 244
Melanthium 159
Melica 66
Melilotus 264
Melothria 361
Menispermum 376
Menrba 233
Menyanthes 104
Menziesia 169
Mikania 286
Milium 4S
Mmiulus 242
Mitchella 81
Mitella 189
Mollugo 74
Momordica 361
Monarda 22
Monotropa 185
Morus 352
Muhlenbergia 49
Mvosotis 101
Myriea 372
Myriopbvllum 354
Myrrhis'. 135
Nasturtium 251
Nanhecium 151
Nelumbium 228
Neottia 320
Nepeta 233
Nirotiana 107
NupbW 217
Nvmpl aea 218
Ny«sa 272
Obohiria 85
(Enanthe
CEnothora 166
Onopordum 280
Onoclea 385
Onosmodium 101
INDEX OF THE GENERA,
39"<
Ophioglossum 386
Orchis 316
Origanum » . 236
Ornithogalum 151
Ornus 17
Orobanche 244
Orontium 155
' Oryzopsis . . . > 46
Osmunda 385
Ostrya 355
Oxalis 194
Oxycoccus 168
Panax 129
Panicum 66
Parietaria 352
Parnassia 141
Paspalum 47
Passiflora 253
Pastinaca 137
Pcdieularis 242
Pcnthorum 1 95
Pentstemon 243
Peplis i.
Pcriploca 124
Phacclia 106
Phalangium 151
Phalaris 54
Phaseolus. 270
Phleum 54
I'hlox ... 108
Phryma 238
Phyllanthus 361
Phragmitcs 55
Physalis 110
Phytolacca 196
Pinus 359
Piptatherum 48
Pisum 263
Plantago 84
Platanua 355
Poa 56
Podophyllum 217
Podostcmum
Pogonia 390
Polemoniutn 109
Polygala
gooum 171
Polymnia >l I
folypodium
I'olypogon
Pontcdcria 150
Populus 375
Portulacca 216
Poiamogeton 88
Potentilla 209
Prenanthes 277
Primula 103
Pnnos 148
Proserpinaca 74
Prunella 236
Prunus 198
Psamma 53
Pit-lea 86
Pteris 384
Pterospora 185
Pulmonaria 100
Pycnanthemum 235
Pyrula 185
Pyrus 203
Quercus 357
Ranunculus 225
Rap jatius 252
Rhamnus 120
Rhexia 165
Rhododendron 183
Rhodora 184
Rhus 140
Rhynchospora 41
Riocfl 121
Rivina 86
Robinia 271
llochelia 102
Rosa 205
liubus 206
Ruellia 240
Rudbeckia 310
Rumex 162
Ruppia 89
Sahhatia 105
Sagina 87
Sagittaria 355
Saiicornia 13
Salix 365
Salsola 131
Balrk 23
SnU iriiu. 390
S.umImu'ii* 139
Sniuolus 104
Sanguinaria
Banguborba 82
Baotcala 1S9
I. I '
J98
INDEX OF THE GENERA.
Saponaria 139
Sarracenia 217
Saururua 163
Saxifraga 188
Scheuchzeria 160
Scbizaea 386
Schoenus 41
ScholJera 36
Scirpus 37
Sclnvalbea 243
Scleria 349
Scleranthus 190
Scrophularia 239
Scutellaria 236
Secale 65
Sedum 195
Senecio 305
Sesuvium 202
Setaria 72
Shepherdia 376
Sibbaldia 142
Sicyos 362
Sida 254
Silene 190
Silphium 313
Sinapis 252
Sison 134
Sisymbrium 251
Sisyrinchium 36
Sium 136
Smilax 373
Smyrnium 134
Solarium Ill
Solidago 300
Soncbus 278
Soibus 202
Spai ganium 333
Sparganopborus 287
Spartina 46
Spergula 193
Spermacoce 80
Spigelia 106
Spiraea 203
Stacbys 234
Staphyiea 141
Statice 142
Stellaria 191
Stipa 48
Streptopus 153
Strophostyles 270
Strutbiopterus 385
Stylosantbes 266
Subularia 248
Swertia 85
Symphoria 114
Symplocarpus 86
Talinum 216
Tanacetum 287
Taxus 377
Tephrosia 271
Teucnum 232
Tbalictrum 223
Tbapsia 138
Tbesium 123
Tblaspi 246
Tbuva 361
Tiarella 189
T-lia 214
Tihaea 87
Tipularia 321
Tofieldia 160
Tradescantia 147
Trichocbloa 52
Tricliodium 49
Trichobtema 238
Tricu.spis 60
Trientalis 164
Trifolium 265
Trislochin 160
Trillium 161
Triosteum 115
Triphora 321
Tripsacum 349
Trisetum 62
Triticum 65
Trollius 225
Tussilago 306
Typba 333
Ulmus 132
Uniola 55
L ralepis 60
Urtica 351
Utricularia 29
Uyularia 153
Vaccinium 1 79
Valisneria 365
Veratrum 159
Verba*cum 106
Verbi na 233
Verbesina 307
Vernonia 283
Veronica 17
Viburnum ..,,... 13c
INDEX OF THE GENERA.
Vicia 263 Xerophyllum 160
Villarsia 104 Xylosteum 114
Viola 115 Xyris 36
Viscum 372
Vitis 120 Zannichellia 330
Zanthorhiza . , 143
Woodsia 381 Zantholylum 373
Woodwardia 3S4 Zapania 230
Zizania 350
Xanthium 353 Zostera 334
INDEX
OF THE
PRINCIPAL SYNONYMS.
Acer striatum, du Roi. See
Aetata brachypetala. D. C.
racemosa, L.
Agrostis cinna. L.
diffusa. Muhl.
' filiformis. Muhl.
gl&uca. Muhl.
— mexicana. Muhl.
Mr a mollis. Muhl.
pennsylvarica. Muhl.
truncata. Muhl.
Alopecurux aristul. Mx.
Ammi capillaceivn. Mx.
Ampelopsis quinquef. Mx.
Ammyrsine buxifol. Ph.
Andromeda panicidata. Walt.
■ panicidat. Willd.
.indropogon ambiguum. Mx.
■ purpurasc. Muhl.
Anemone thalictroides. L.
hepatica. L.
Anthopogon lepturoides. N.
Arenaria manna. Sm.
canadensis. Pers.
Arethusa ophioglossoid, &c.
pendula. Sw.
Aristida racemosa. Muhl.
Aronia melanocarpa. Ell.
Arum virginicum. L.
Arundo agrostoides. Ph.
■ arenaria. L.
Phragmites L.
Asclepias obovata. Ell.
lancifolia. Ives.
Aspidium obtusum. Willd.
■ filix mas. Ph.
Asplenium melanocaxdon. W.
Atragene americana. Sims.
Avena elatior. L.
permsr/hwuca. Muhl.
.^ro/en nudiflora, &c.
A. pennsylvanicum.
A. alba.
Cimicifuga racemosa.
Cinna arundinacea.
A. s\lvatica.
A. lateriflora. 0.
Arundo coarctata.
A. lateriflora.
/ Koeleria pennsylv.
K. truncata.
A. geniculatus.
Sison eapillaceus.
Cissus hederacea.
Leiophyllum buxif.
A. racemosa.
A. ligustrina.
G\mnopogon.
A. seoparium.
Thalictrum anemonoid.
Hepatica triloba.
Gymnopogon.
A. rubra. ,3.
Pogonia ophiogloss.
Triphora pendula.
A. purpurascens.
A. arbutifol. /S.
Lecontia virginica.
A canadensis.
Psamrna arenaria.
Phragmites.
A. viridiflora. *.
Hypopeltis obtusa.
A. Goldianum.
A. trichomanes.
Clematis verticillans.
Arrhenatherum ayenen-
Arr. pennsylvanicum.
Rhododendron.
INDEX OF THE PRINCIPAL SYNONYMS.
KM
Bartsia coccinea. L.
Batschia canescens. Mx.
Bootia sylvestris. Big.
Briza canadensis. Mx.
See
CaUiiriche aquatica. Big.
Caprifolium dioicwn, &c
Caulophijlum thalictr. Mx.
Cenlaurella panicul. Mx.
autumnale. Ph.
Cerastium glutinosum. N.
Chaerophyll. canad. Pers.
Claytoni. Pers.
Chelidonium diphyll. Mx.
Chvaxaphila maculat., &c.
Chironia angular is, Sec.
Cistus canadensis. L.
Cleome dodecandra. Ph.
Comandra nmbellatu. N.
Comanim palustn. L.
Coreopsis alternifolia. L.
Convolvulus stans. Mx.
Conyza marilandica. Mx.
Cunila pulegioides. L.
Cyamus luteus. Salisb.
Cymbidhim pulchcll. XV.
odontorrhizon, &c.
hytmale. W.
Cynogloss. amplexic. Mx.
Cyperus cespitosus. Tor.
- parvijlows . Muhl.
uncina/us. Ph.
Dicksonia pilosius. W.
Digi/aria paspalod. Mx.
Dilairis tinctoria. Ph.
Dioscorea glauca. Muhl.
Elod a virginica. Pli.
Epipactis coniallanoid, &c.
Equisetum §ciiffiid$i. Mx.
Eriophorum cispitosum. Ph.
Euphorbia depress. Tor.
Erysimum officinale. L.
Festuca diandra. Mx.
jluitans. L.
i polijstarfiia M\.
uninluidts. Willd.
Cialium slrictum. M.
scptentriunale, II. & S.
//a glaum. Ed.
Craliola neglecta. Tor
Euchroma coccinea.
Lithospermum canesc.
Potentilla coarctata.
Poa canadensis.
C. verna.
Lonicera.
Leontice thalictroid.
' Bartonia.
C. nutans.
Myrrhis canadensis.
M. Claytoni.
Meconopsis diphyll.
Pyrola.
Sabbatia.
Helianthemum.
Polanisia graveolens.
Thesium umbellat.
Potentilla.
Actinomeris squarrosfi
C. spitbamaeus.
C. camphorata.
Hedeoina pulegioides.
Nelumbium.
Calopogon.
Corallorbiza.
Aplectrum.
C virginicum.
C. Nutrallii.
C. dentafus.
C. inflexus.
Aspid. punctilobulum.
D. glabra.
Lachnanthes.
D. quaternata.
Hypericum virginicum
Listeria.
E. variegatura.
E. vaginatum.
I . m:i< ulata.
Sisymbrium officinale
Diarrhena americ;ui i
< Hj ccria.
l'. hieieutaiiSi
Ccratochloa.
(j. l)oreale.
Gk .mcrcifnlin
<;. \ir-inica
102
INDEX OF THE PRINCIPAL SYNo.YMS.
Glycine monoica, L. See
Amphicarpa.
helvolus. Muhl.
Strophostyles.
Heritiera tinctoria. Bosc.
Lachnanthes.
Heteranthera gramin. Wahl.
Schollera.
Hippophtie canadens. W.
Shepherdia.
Holcus fragrans. W.
Hierochloa.
Hydropeltis purpurea. Mx.
Brasenia.
Hypericum corymbos. W.
H. punctatum.
Ictodes foetida. Big.
Symplocarpus.
Iris gracilis. Big.
prismatica. Ph.
> I. virginica.
Juglans alba, &c.
Carya.
Juncus campestris, &c.
Luzula.
Juniperus repens. N.
J. prostrata.
Lathyrus maritimus. Big.
Pisum maritim
Ledum buxifolium. Ait.
Leiophvllura.
Limnetis juncea, &c.
Spar-tip a.
Lespedeza polystackya. Mx.
L. lurta.
capitata. Mx.
L. frutescens.
Lobelia paludosa. Nut.
L. Dortmanna.
■ gracilis. N.
L. Nuttallii.
Medeola virginica. L.
Gyromia.
Micropitalum gramin. Mx.
Stellaria longifol.
■ JanceoJatum. Mx.
lanceolatum.
JVV^npAaa advena, &c.
Nuphar.
Neottia pubescens, &c.
Goodyera.
O/denlandia glomerat. Mx.
Hedyotis.
Orobanche americana. W.
Epiphagus.
Orchis ciliaris, &c.
Habenaria.
discolor. Ph.
Tipularia.
Oryzopsis melanocarpa. Muhl
Piptatberum nigrum.
Panicum viride, &c.
Setaria.
Pedicidaris serotina. Muhl.
P. pallida.
Peplis americana. Ph.
Crypta minima.
Phnseolus trilobus. Mx.
Strophostyles angulosi
Poa quinquefida. Ph.
seslerioides Mx.
£ Tricuspis.
Polypodium ccdcareum. W.
P. Dryopteris.
Porcelia triloba.
Asimina triloba.
Potentilla floribunda. Ph.
P. fruticosa.
Pulnwnaria mnritima. L.
> Lithospermum marit
Pyrola chlorantha. N.
P asarifolia.
Pt/nts arbutifolia, &c.
Aronia.
Querw canadensis. L.
Anychia dichotoma.
INDEX OF THE PRINCIPAL SYNONYMS.
Hhynchospora longirost. Mx. See R. laxa.
Rosa suaveolens. Ph. R. Rubiginosa.
Rubus procumbens. Muhl. R. tnvialis.
Salicorniu virginica. L.
Sarothra g'ntianoid. L.
Schoenus albus, &c.
Scirpus cyperiform Muhl.
robustus. Ph.
trichodes. Muhl.
Selimtm canadense. Mx.
Serpicula vtrticill. Muhl.
Sisymbrium officinale.
Sium rigidius. L.
ambiguum. N.
Smilaeina borealis, &c.
Smyrnium atropurp. Lam.
trifoliatum. N.
aureum. L.
Smyrnium integrifol. L.
Spartina poiystachya. M.
Spergulastrum. Mx.
Spircea stipulacea, &c.
Stipa sericea. Mx.
Stylophorum diphyll. Nutt.
.Stcerfm comicutafa. Ph.
Trichophorum cyperin. Pers
TrienUdis Europea. Mx.
Trillium pictum. Ph.
7'riticum repens, &c.
Thlaspi Bursa pastoi-.
Troxunon virginicum
Tu iritis hirsuta, &c.
(7rfora canadensis. Nutt.
Uniola distichophyll .
Utricularia ceratophyl. Mx.
I'vularia amplexif., &c.
PtntfrWH luteum. L.
Ii rental virginica. L.
Viburnum opulus. Mx.
Picfa pusilla. YVilld.
Mitrhilli. Raf.
Tio/a bicolnr. Ph.
</<>&tii'.». Ph.
striata. Ait.
II 'hulsoria poct/or
pallida. Spr.
Xanthium maculatum. liaf.
orientalc.
7Azaniaflititans. Mx.
L.
Pcrs.
S. herbacea.
Hypericum Sarothra.
Rhynchospora.
Cyperus mariscoid.
S. macrostachyos.
S acicularis.
Cnidium canadensis.
Elodea.
Nasturtium.
Pastinaca rigida.
ambigua.
Co n vail aria.
Cnidium atropurp.
S. cordatum.
Sison aureus.
Sison integrifolius.
S. cynosuroides.
Steliaria.
Gillenia.
Trichochloa capillar^.
Meconopsis.
S. deflexa.
Scirpus erioph.
T. americana.
T. erythrocarpum.
Agropyron.
Krigia amplex.
Arabis.
Elodea canadensis.
U. spicata.
U. inflata.
Streptopus.
Htlonias dioica.
Leptandra.
V. oxycoccus.
Ervum tetrasperm.
hirsutum.
\ . tcnella.
V. Muhlinbcrgii.
V. ochroleuca.
Tricuspis.
Poa dentata.
X. macrocarpov
Ilydroclilon
New York Botanical Garden Library
QK117.T6C.2 gen
Torrey, John/A compendium of the flora o
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