Full text of "A complete history of Algiers. To which is prefixed, an epitome of the general history of Barbary, from the earliest times: interspersed with many curious remarks and passages, not touched on by any writer whatever .."

A COMPLETE

HISTORY

ALGI E R S v

From the earlieft to the prefent Times.

The Whole

Interfperfed with many curious Remarks and PafTages,
not touched on by any Writer whatever.

VOLUME II.

By j/M ORGAN.

L O N*D O N:

Printed for the AUTHOR, by J. Bettenham,

Sold by R. Knaplock in St. Paul's Chnrch-Tard, A. Bettesworth
in Pater- Nc/ler-Row, C. King in JVeJlminfter-Hall, J. Pemberton
in Heet/lreety and J. Clarke under the Roy al- Exchange.

MDCCXXIX,

2>r

To the Honourable, the

COMMISSIONERS forTRADE,^.

Worthy Gentlemen,

SJ looked on it to be a fcarce-difpenfi-
ble Pare of my Duty, to tender, at the
Mo ft Honourable Admiralt y-B oard,
my Introductory Volume of this Work y
fo I cannot prevail with my felf to de-
cline thinking, that this Sequel of the
fame Performance has not fome Sort of Title to Your
Patronage. An Honour of which I am not a little
ambitious. Nor can I help flattering my felf with the
pleafing Hopes of its meeting a favourable Reception $
thofe my Noble Patrons having fo highly honoured
me by their kind Acceptance of my dutiful Addrefs to
their Lordships.

It is, Honourable Sirs, the Hiftory, impartially
handled, of a People, who, for more than two Centu-
ries, by a dear-bought Experience, have convinced the
World, that they are not fo much to be defpifed as abun-
dance endeavour to perfuade the Ignorant. Since it is

A z but

DEDICATION.

but too notorious, that from their very Rife to this indi-
vidual Moment, it ever has been, is, and moft probably
will long be very much in their Power to difturb the
Traffic of every Maritime State in Europe, even more
than feems credible to many 5 nay, more than fome will
allow humanly pofiible to be effected by fuch as they are
pleafed to term only a Crew of inconfiderable, skulking

Pirates. An Epithet which, methinks, does not ftricfcly

belong to them 3 except we allow the renowned Order
of Malta to be fuch, and even all the European Priva-
teers in War-Time. If ever they merited that Name, it
was while they profeffed an abfolute Dependency on, and
an implicit Obedience to the Ottoman Emperors, being
governed by Bafhas, as Vice-Roys, fent immediately
from the Turkifh Sultan -, and yet they preyed on the
Traders of thofe Potentates who were in Alliance with
that Court : Then, indeed, their Hoftilities favoured
fomewhat of Piracy. But, for near feventy Years, they
have been, in a Manner, a State independent. We, for
our Parts, have had very little Realon to term them
Pirates, ever fince our ftill-fubfifting Treaty, concluded
with them even before our happy Revolution. And it is
with the greater Pleafure I addrefs Your Honours, be-
caufe You muft be allowed competent Judges in thefe
Matters 3 whereas, had I accofted Perfons lels verfed in
the Interefts of Nations, I fhould, perhaps, have been
cenfured as a partial Advocate for the Corfairs, with
whofe Hiftory I have undertaken to entercain the Curious:

Which is a Character I utterly difown. But Fact is

Fact 3 tho' fome Perfons feem unwilling to be difibufed,
and are apparently out of Humour, becaufe, to pleafure

them.

DEDICATION.

them, the Devil is not painted blacker than he really is,
and according to their own wild Ideas. Were any in-
telligent, unbiafed Perfon to be asked his Opinion, to
whom the Name of Pirates more properly belongs, whe-
ther to the Tripolme Rovers, who, with near thirty fmall
Cruifers, are now making Prey of all the French they
can light on, in Return for the late Bombardment of their
Capital, or to the Spanijh Privateers, who, in Time of
Truce, are carrying off all the Englifh they can matter ^
were fuch a Perfon, I fay, to be interrogated, one may
guefs at his Anfwer. I took not in Hand a Satire upon
the Algerines^ but propofed to write their Hi/lory : And
how well I fhould have difcharged the Duty of a faithful
Writer, had I reprefented the two Barba-roffas, Haffan
Agci) Dragut Ran and feveral others, as Poltrons, I leave
to Your impartial Determination. Where the Algerines
are really Reprobation-worthy, I am far from fparing
them. Yet fome fay, that a too-great Portion of Incenle
is offered up to fuch Scoundrels 5 tho' the Teftimonies
even of their avowed Enemies are produced upon all
Occafions, proving feveral of them to have tranfacted
what is fcarce to be equalled in Story. Would not the
moft zealous Afferters of the Royal Caufe, fince our own
miferable, inteftine Broils, have been heartily laughed at,
had they attempted to brand the ufurping Cromwel with
Cowardice ? If a Man, whoioever he be, is truly brave,
and dares do great Actions, is there any Realon why
thofe who tranfmit to Pofteritv his Exploits fhould be
cenfured for doing it in lively Colours ? Or ought a
People who poffefs a populous Territory of feveral Hun-
dreds of Leagues in Circumference, who make, and to-
lerably-

DEDICATION.

lerably-weli obferve Treaties with Us and Others, and
whofe Alliance is courted and even purchafed, not to be
allowed a better Title than Pirates r True $ the Main of
their Subfiftence is what they acquire by roaming the Seas 5
fo is that of the Knights of Malta. Indeed the Sallee-
Gentry, or Weftern Mauritanians, as Your Honours
are certainly fenfible, are not often to be taxed with any
very great Regard they have to Treaties made with the

Chrijiian Powers. But as for the African Turks, who

are thofe of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoly, being fomewhat
eafier to come at in their Ports, they make Peace and War
in Form, as do other People, when it futes their Advan-
tage or Conveniency. Of thefe three States, the Alge-
nnes, who are my moft immediate Theme, muft be ac-
knowledged by far the more confiderable, as they are the
more daring and confequently the more dangerous and
pernicious to the Commerce of Europe, of which our
Nation bears fo great a Share. Thefe continually fcour
as w r ell the Wide as the Narrow Seas, which thofe their
more Raftern Neighbours feldom, or indeed never at-
tempt. Thefe take many bold Steps, which the others
would tremble even to imagine. Have we not a very
recent Inftance of their Prefumption, in their fetting, as
it were, at open Defiance, even the Ottoman Sultan, whom
they ftill affect to call their Sovereign and Protector?
Indeed, it is not utterly impracticable to bring them into
Manners -, nay, We Ourfelves went a great Way towards
it, in the very laft War We had with them , which to carry
on, fays the Prefent State of England, coftthe Nation,
annually, 300000 /. and Thoufands had all the Reafon
imaginable to have wiflied, that had been the only Expence.

But

DEDICATION.

But for farther Particulars, I refer Your Honours to their
Hi/lory itfelf - y which, I may boldly venture to aver, has
never yet appeared in fo true a Light as it now does.
And, had I no Occafion to fugged, that, generally fpeak-
ing, Peoples Heads are at prefent turned a quite different
Way, and the more fo becaufe this Work was undertaken
by Sub/caption, I would and could have fubjoined an-
other very entertaining Volume, wherein nothing fhould
have appeared either fuperfluous or impertinent to a
Reader curious in Subjects, genuine and intirely new, of
a Nature fo peregrine and groteik. As to what regards
this Subfcript'ton Affair, I muft frankly own, that it is a
Method in Life none would have difdained meddling
with more than myfelf, could I have undertaken it upon
any better Foundation, or had I but imagined this Town
had been fo unencour aging as I have found it to be : For
the Truth is what I fcorn to difown. And what I have
aflumed the Liberty to advance above, is only to fhew
that the Theme is not altogether defpicable.

If my refpe&ful Attempt in this well- defigned Addrefs
to Your Honourable Board (which I cannot help think-
ing my Duty) meets Your Approbation, my Views are
completely anfwered $ as being, with all due Deference
and Regard,

Honourable Sirs,

Your FI on ours

mofi obedient and mo ft humble Servant,

J. MORGA Ni

rv\

ADVERTISEMENT to the Public.

December 20. 1728.

IHere offer to Public Acceptance * the other Tome of this Performance. In moft
Re r pets it is, by feveral good Judges who have read it, allowed to be the beft and
nwfl genuine Account of the Affairs of thofe Parts of the World, extant in any Language.
My Supererogatory IntroduRicn (which is owned to be a curious Piece, tho' not, perhaps,
adapted to every Palate) corrects abundance of erroneous Chronology and the like, is near all
of it more than ever I, originally, defigned, and cuts deep in the Fir/} Volume : Surely the
Author of the Monthly Republic of Letters never perufed it, elfe he would fcarce.have called
it, A Collection from Books in every cues Hands', but would have taken Notice of a Multitude
of Remarks, cirV. on fundry Topics by Way of Interlardation, never touched on by any
Hand but my own. Therein, indeed, I mould have obliged Numbers, had I got done into
Englijb all vay mouldy La tin Quotations from ancient Writers ; which I actually would have
done, and much more,. could I have afforded it. As for my muttering Preface, and my Letter
to an early Subscriber, which fome like not, I certainly ought, with one of our modern Wits,
to have redeemed, that the World is fo confoundedly callous about the Pofteriors, that ail
the Flogging in Nature will never male it one Jot the better.

* The former Vtitmt wa published in J****rj laft, humbly Addrefled to the "Bttrd of Admiralty, and by
die Lerdt Commiffisnert very krourably Autftti. It wa introduced to thftr Lirdjhjs by the late Worthy and
Much-Regreted Samuel Mtljntux, f<ji

l&0O00O03O00O0CO03O0Q00O90OS0O09O00O0^f

CONTENTS

O F T HE

HISTORY of ALGIERS.

Beginning at P. 211.

CHAP. 1.

The Antiquity, Names, Revolutions and Situation of the City

^/Algiers. z i i

THE Origin, Names, ancient Revo-
lutions and Situation of Algiers
briefly handled, viz. *b.

Prefumed to be the ancient Cafaria of
Juba II. Its Afpeft intirely modern.
Tegedemt : A ruinous City. 212
J oh Algiers once fo called. 213

Remarks on the Names Jol and Juba.

ibid.

Names, ancient and modern, of Algiers.

214
A Reflection on Conquerors. 21 f

Into what States Barbary was divided
before entered by the Turks. A brief
Account thereof. ziS

Succefles of Don Ferdinand, the Catho-
lic againft the Moors, both in Spain
and Barbary. Spanijh Moors fettle in
Btirbary. 21?

Thofe People briefly characterized. 218

Don Ferdinand reduces feveral Places in
Africa, and curbs Algiers with a Fort.

219

Situation of that City. . 220

CHAP.

contents;

CHAP. II.

Some Account of the famous Cor fair Barb a-r ossa, before he
pffffid himfelf of Algiers. 220

TH E Origin of the celebrated Barba-
rofa. ib.

He commences Corfair. 221

His two Brothers follow his Fortunes.

222
Kindly received at Tunis. ib.

He takes two of the Pope's Gallies. 223
HaeaSs Account of that bold Exploit.

224
The fame Story differently told by Mar-
mo I. 225*
He takes a large Spanijb Ship, with yoo
Soldiers on board ; increafes in Power,
and begins to grow very formidable.

227
Is made Governor of Jerba. ib.

Is invited by the King of Bujeya, and
, accepts the Orfer ; tho' not without
ambitious Views. 228

Repulfed there by the Spaniards, and lo-
fes an Arm. ib.

Returns to Turns* 229

His Fleet deftroyed at the Goletta by An-
drea D'Oria. ib.

His Brother Heyradin dreads his Pre-
fence, on. Account of that Difgrace.

ib.

A fecond fruitlefs Attempt of his upon
Bujeya. 230

Made King of Jijel. 231

Much loved by thofe his Subjects, tin

Defeats and kills the King of Cucco.

232

Algiers revolts from its Subjection to the
Spaniards, under its new Prince Salem
aben Tounti. ib.

That Prince calls Barbarrojfa to his Af-
fiftance : Who gladly accepts an Of-
fer fo agreeable to his Ambition. 233

He palTes on to Sberjhel, which Place
he wrefts from Kara Hajfan, and puts
to Death that Corfair. 234

Makes himfelf King of Sberjhel. 235*

CHAP. III.

The Hiftory of Barba-rossa continued till his *Death. When,
and by what Means Algiers fell into the Hands of its prefent
Toffeffors, the Turks. 235

ARrives at Algiers, where he is moil
holpitably received. 236

Haughty Anfwer of a Spanijb Captain.

ibid.

The Spanijb Fort in vain Battered. 237

Prince Salem, fick of Turkijh Infolence

and Ingratitude, retires. " ib.

Is bafely murdered by Barba-rojfa ; who

is proclaimed King of Algiers. 238

Some Remarks upon a Romantic Story,

and other Matters, 239

The Algtrines difcontented, meditate a
Revolt. 240

The Conspiracy. 241

Difcovered; and feveral of the Chiefs
made Examples. 243

A Spanijb Fleet attempts Algiers. it.

The utter Deftrudtion of that Armada.

244

The King of Tennez makes War with
Barba-rojfa. 245*

More Remarks. 246

Bar bo-

C O N T t N t s;

Barba-roJfa\ Refolution. 246

He defeats the Enemy, and poflefles

himfelf of Tennez, with a Regal Title.

ib.
Is invited to Tremizan. 247

Reflections on certain Hiftorians. ib.
Barba-rojfa gladly embraces the Invitati-
on to Tremizan. 248
An Author corrected by his Interpreter.

ib.

The King of Tremizan routed by the

Turks, and flain by his own Subjects.

249
The Conqueror made King of that anci-
ent Realm, and commences Tyrant.

ib.
Generous and liberal to his own People.

Enters into a Treaty with the King of

Fez. 2 fo

Ifaac, .youngeft Brother to Barba-rojfa

cut off by the Africans. z$l

Marntol feemingly in the wrong. ib.

Prefumed, by the Author, to be often

guilty of an-over zealous Partiality.

2f2

Spaniards ftirred up againft the too-grow-
ing Barba-rojfa. 25*4

They fet out from Oran. 257

Barba-rojfa retreats from Tremizan. ib.

Purfued by the Spanijh Army, ufes a
Stratagem, but without Succefs. ib.

Generoufly turns back to fuccour his
Rear, and dies bravely fighting. 25*6

His great Character. 257

CHAP. IV.

Heyradin Basha, or Barba-rossa II. Jecond T u r-
kish Sovereign, and fir fi Vice-Roy of Algiers, for the
Grand Signor. 258

HEyradin, called Barba-rojfa II. fuc-
ceeds his brave Brother, amidft the
Lamentations of the Weftern Turks.

The Spaniards, by not following their
Blow, mifs the faireft Opportunity of
rooting out the Algerine Turks they
are ever likely to have again. ib.

Heyradin feeks the Grand Signor's Pro-
tection, and is created Bajha of all
his late Brother's Acquifitions. 259

He reftores the Fugitive King ofTenttezy
in Quality of his Dependent. ib.

The Spaniards lofe another Armada be-
fore Algiers. 260

A remarkable PafTage, with a notable
Saying of this Bajha. 261

Col yields to the Algerines. ib.

Thofe Turks graterul to the Jijelians,

262

Cojlantina : When acquired by the
Turks of Algiers. ib.

Porta Stora. ib.

Bona taken by the Bajha. All Ckrijten*

dom his'Enemies but the French. z6$

A Surmife of the Author's. ib.

Heyrardin, in Perfon, does great Mif-
chief at Sea, to the Chrijlians. ib.

The Zwouiva and Bent Abbas treat with
the Bajha ; tho' they never would with
his Brother. ib.

Some Exploits of the Algerine Corfairs,
under the Conduct of CachaDiablo y
or Drub-Devil ; who takes feven Spa-
nip Gallies. 264

The Spanijh Fort, on the Ifland, a very
great Eye-Sore and Inconveniency to
the Algerines. 266

Two moors hanged there by the Go-
vernor: And why. ib.

Which haftens the Bajha's Defign a-
gainft it. He firft Summons the Go-
vernor. The bold Anfwer fent him
by that Spaniard. 267

The Fort furioufly battered, and carried by
the Turks. ib.

The Ifland joined to the Town by a
Mole, or Pier. 26S

Heyraditfi

CONTENTS.

Heyradtn's Cruelty to that Captain,
who gave his Tongue too great a Li-
berty. 268

The fame differently related, 269

Remarks on thofe Particulars. 271

A Paflage between Conful Cole and a
ftiff Spanijh Captive. ib.

Slavery no Obstruction to Party. What
the Algerines fay upon that Head. ib.

Andrea D'Oria at Sherjhel. He there
iets free more than 700 Captives : But
his Troops pay dearly for their Greedi-
nefs and Breach of Orders. 272

A Spanijh Slave mod inhumanly ufed.

2 73

Two Gallies taken by the Bapa. 274

A well-concerted Contpiracy of the

Cbrijlian Slaves to furprife Algiers,

perfidioufly discovered by a Spaniard.

Seventeen of the mod culpable cut in
Pieces. 276

The Traytor's deferved Recompence.

ib.

Mulei Hajfan King of Tunis : A Ty-
rant. His Subjects revolt, and crave
AfMance from Algiers. 277

Sultan Suliman furniflies Heyradin Bajha
with Forces for that Expedition, ib.

He gains Tunis, without Trouble, and
makes himfelf King of the whole
Realm, in the Sultan's Name. 278

The Maltejes originally Arabs. 279

Two Cbrijiiah Spies cruelly put to Death
at Tunis. ib.

Barbary Corfairs Sovereigns of the Me-
diterranean. 280

The Bajhd's Precaution. 281

Charles V. prepares to expel the Turkt
from Tunis. ib.

A Saying of this bold Bajha. ib.

He plunders Mabon, m. Minorca. ib.

Where he takes a rich Portuguefe Ship,
with much valuable Booty, and more
than 6000 Captives. 282

Hajfan Aga at Algiers. ib.

Mulei Hajfan rettored. ib %

Thefe Affairs inlarged upon. U>.

Heyradin orders many thoufands of the
Captives he was forced to leave at
Tunis, to be blown up. 283

His, frantic Rage. $b

His Renegadoes refufe him Entrance into
the Cattle; and fome of them fet free
thofe Chrijiians. ib.

A Renegado lofes his Head for doing his.
Duty by Halves. 284

Barbarities of the Imperial ifts, and Mife-
ries of Tunis. ib.

Chrijiians cut each others Throats for
Plunder, ib.

Andrea D'Oria in vain feeks Heyradin.
He leaves aSpani/h Garrifon at Bona.

Capitulations between the King of Tu-
nis and his Imperial Patron. ib.

How relithable fuch Treaties mutt needs
be to an African Palate. 286

The Emperor Charles V. briefly charac-
terized. Was Matter of the whole
World ; but the Time when, uncer-
tain, ib.

Heyradin Bajha fets out for the Levant,
to follicit a Force for the Recovery of
Tunis. 287

Plunders a Venetian Ship, and lets the
Complainers know, that the Barbary
Corfairs always did what they pleafed.

ib.

Intercepts certain Letters, of which he
makes good Ufe. The Ruin of Ibra-
him the lllujlrious Bajha. 288

Is made Captain-Bajha. ib.

Several Exploits of his, in that Capacity,

259

His Defign upon Brindifi difcovered. ib.

The Ottomans thereby difappointed of
their Scheme to have Popes at Rome
of their own making. ib.

A Miftake of Guicciardin. 290

Andrea D^Oria refufes the Captain- Ba-
jha s Challenge. Damages fuftained
by the Venetians, from this Ottoman
Admiral. ib.

The French and Ottomans in Conjunc-
tion againft Charles the Emperor and
his Allies. Caietta tacked by the Cap-
tain-Bafha, thro* the Inadvertency of
the Governor. ib.

Heyradin falls in Love with and marries
that Gentleman's beautiful Daughter ;
for whofe Sake he and his Lady are fee
at Liberty. 291

Villa-Franco, ruined by the Turks ; as is

alfo

CONTENTS.

alfo Nice, by them and their Confede-
rates the French. . zoi

This Captain-Bajha active and indefati-
gable. He fends Salba Rais on the
Coaft of Catalonia ; who ruins P ala-
mos and Rofas, and winters at Algiers i
Which State was always favoured and
protected by Heyradin. ib.

He forces the Proprietor of Piombino to
deliver np a young Turk, turned Chri-

Jiian; but firft does much Harm at
Elba. He demands and obtains Dra-
gttt Ran from the Genouefes. ib.

Returns home for the laft Time. ib.

His feveral ftately Buildings. ib.

His Death : A Fable current among the
Turks concerning him. 293

His Memory very grateful among the
Ottomans. ib.

That great Man chara&eriied. iK

CHAP. VI.
Bash a II. Hassan Aga, Sardo.

294

THE Origin of his worthy SuccefTor,
Hafjan Aga. 294

Aga, a proper Epithet for all Eunuchs.
He is fo made by his Patron Heyradin,
whofe great Favourite he always was.
Encomiums on this Eunuch. ib.

Left Governor of Algiers, in his Pa-
tron's Abfence. His Prudence and
Refolution. 295-

Algiers never happier than in his Time.

ib.

Charles V. refolves to deftroy this Ciry.

ib.

Great Preparations for the Expedition.

ib.

Arrival of the Armada. Difficulty in
Landing. 296

Haffan Aga fummoned. ib.

Related by Haedo, with fome Particu-
lars, ib.

This Affair fomewhat more particularly
told by Marmot. A Spamjfj Don very
peremptory : And withal infinuatlng.
Both Methods prove fruukfs. 297

Haffan Aga faid to waver. ib.

But is re-aflured by a Renegado 'Jsw.

298

Some Difcourfe between the Bafha and
the ZJo. That Summonerdifmiffed. ib.

A perfidious Ferfian. He and his AiTo-
ciates juftly rewarded. ib.

Some Observations. 299

Beginnings of ih&ChriJlian Invaders Di-
itrefs. ib.

Haffan Aga\ prudent and determinate
Meafures in that Exigence. Does
considerable Damage to the Enemy.

ib.

Bravery of the Knights of Malta. Told
by Marmot. 300

Differently told by the lefs partial Haedo;
who fpeaks very handfomely of Haf-
fan Aga. ib.

A horrible Tempeft. Miferies of the
Chriflian Fleet and Armies. 301

Deftruclion of the Armada. ib.

The Emperor's Courage. 301

Temendefuft, corruptly Metafuz. ib.

The River Harrafh. Its ancient African
Name. ib.

The Army retreats with very great Diffi-
culty, ib.

Algerines negligent in many Affairs. 301

Some Particulars of the Retreat. ib.

Charles V. faid to have cad his Diadem
into the Bay of Algiers. What he
faid upon that Occafion. ib.

This Expedition as fatal to Spain as was
that in 15-88. againfl our Heretical
Grand-Fathers. 304

The notable Efcape of an EngUJh Knight.

ib.

Spaniards fold cheap. 305*

Beauty not prevalent with churlilh Bar-
barians, ib.

A Saying of Andrea D'Oria. ib.

Farther Inftances of this difaftrons Mil-
carriage. 306

A ereat-

C O N T E N T S,

A great Man prefumed to bemifinform-
.. ed. 306

More Prefumptions of a like Nature.

A very requiiite Qualification for a

Traufiator. ib.

A very remarkable French Knight of

Malta, 308

More Obfervations of the Author.' ib.
Several Particulars relating to the Knights

of S. John, or Malta. 309

What the Barbary Corfairs fay of them.

310
What the fame Perfons fay of our Sea-

Captains. 311

Farther Hints concerning that renowned

Military Order. ib.

Remark on the Emperor Charles V.

313
The Maltefes a Dread to the Algerines.

3*4

Naval Force of thofe Chevaliers. 31$'

They take and deftroy feveral of the
African Corfairs. The Algerines, in-
raged, vow Revenge. Their vain
Threats, ib.

A very wife Exprefllon of the Dey
of Algiers ,- at .diimintng fome of
his Captains upon zjleevelefs Errand.

316

The Author keeps no Common Place
Book ; yet has none of the beft Me-
mories. How our King Henry VIII.
flood affected towards S. John's Or-
der; ib.

And King Edward VI. Queen Mary,
and Queen Elizabeth. What might
have come to pafs. Pageantry. 317

Unfair Tranflating. ib.

Reflections and Criticifms ; which might
as well have been let alone. 318

Long Miles. ib.

Gulliver. 3 i 9

Jijeli whereabouts. ib.

Some Reafon of the Importance of
thefe Ports we hold in the Mediter-
ranean, ib.

Algerines bully the Grand Signor's En-
voy. 320

Conful Hudfon. A Perfon to be de-
pended on. ib.

-Why a Frenchman ought to know where
Jtjel ftands. ib.

When the Emperor Charles V. was not
Matter of the whole World. 321

The Prophetic Speech of a Black Wiz-
zard to Hajfan Aga, and .the Diwan.

ib.

Sidi Oulededda, another Wi'zzard ; deem-
ed the Preferver of Algiers. 323

Efficacins Relics. ib.

Qualifications of a Saint, who does
Wonders. 324

In what Cafes no Sanctuary is preva-
lent, ib.

Erroneous Traditions. 325-

Encomium on HaJJan Aga. : ib.

He fets out againft the King of Cucco,
who afllfted the Chriftians. 326

Which Mountain Prince, dreading this
fuccefsful Bajba, purchases Peace. 327

The Diladvantages accruing fince to
Algiers, from that Pacification. ib.

An Omiffion inferted ; which cannot be
laid to be nothing to the Purpofe.

The Eunuch Bajha goes againft the re-
volted King of Tremizan. 329
Who fubmits, and buys a Peace. 330
Refented by the Spanijh Governor of
Or an, who vows Revenge. Thefaid
King dethroned by the Spaniards, ib.
Hajfan Aga's Death, and farther noble
Character. 331
The Affairs of Tremizan. ib.
Oran and Marfa al Kibir. 332
Alliances with Christians mod dangerous
to an African Prince. 333, 334
Reafons for that Aflertioh. 334
How Moors difcourfe upon that Theme.

335"
Mezuar, what. 336

Spaniards defeated. 337

CHAP.

CONTENTS,

CHAP. VL

Basha III. Haft} Regent, or Titular ViCE-Ror.

A c DigreJJion concerning the Affairs of T v M i s ; and other

Particulars. j j s

HAji made Regent of Algiers, 338
A dangerous Infurre&ion of the
Natives againft thofe 'Turks. 339

Rafhnefs punifhed. ib.

The great Advantage of miflive Wea-
pons. 340

Brief Accounts of the Affairs of Taws,
about thofe Times. ib.

Hamida's impious Rebellion, during his
Father Mulei Hafan's Abfence, in
Europe. 342

Mulei Haffan haftens home. 343

Is routed by his Son, and taken. 344

zooo Chrlfkians killed or taken. A
wicked Father barbaroufly treated by
a more wicked Son. 345*

Mulei Aabd al Malec, affifted by the
Spaniards of Goktta, puts to Flight

his inceftuous Nephew Hamida : But
foon dies. ib.

Complaints of the blind King ; Who
again goes over to his Patron, the
Emperor Charles. 346

Tabarca. Held by the Geuouefes. ib.

Hamida recovers the Throne. His Bar-
barities. 347

Mulei Haffan 1 % Character ; with fome
farther Particulars concerning him. ib.

More of the Affair's of Tremizan. 348

That City taken by the Spaniards. Their
Inhumanity. 349

They return to Oran. 3^0

The King, their Introdudtor, depofed by
his refenting Subjects, Hies and is (lain
by the Arabs. 35-1

Contents of the Author's Letter to ~Efq\ in Vol. II.

Ntrodu&ion.

Books in nubibus.

A vile Practice.
ib.

How the Author would ufe a fad Fel-
low. ' 2

Au Embryo. ib.

What might be, if it were the Fafhion.

ib.

Multifarious Recufants encountered by a
Subfcription-Hunter. ib.

Ufe made of his Propofals. His Humi-
lity and Willingnefs to oblige. 3

Mature Consideration. ib.

What would be thought 111- Breeding to-
wards the South. ib.

What the Author would like. 4

Diverfity of Modes, and dangerous Af-

fairs, ib.

The Author charitable and not un-con-

fcrentious. ib.

And withal modeft. Neglects a good

Offer. y

Cornhill how peopled. ib.

Tis a bad Wind that blows Nobody

Good. ib.

Caftles in the Air. 6

Duty of Authors. ib.

Trials of Patience. 7

A fweet Temper ruffled, ib.

Ill-natured Qiieries. ib.

Odd Curiofity.

JEfop's Dog. Expofing ones lnfide pe-

rillous. tb.

Of two Spaniards. 9

What-

. p NT N T

What is a Dllgrace in certain Places;

and what is not Co. 9

Figure-Cutters. How they manage it.

$L
The Author neceffitated to pMay the

Thief: Bu^by way of Amends, thinks

of diirributtog certain Jackets and

Doublets. io

Why he diftributes his Benevotence^/w*-

meal. ib.

Is blamed for his good Intentions : Why,

and chiefly by whom. ib.

Has a tollerable Share of Grace: And

wherefore particularly. 11

Parallel between Varlets of different

GlalTcs. ib.

Farther Apologies for his Doings^ ib.

What he builds upon. u,

An abominable Pun of his. ib.

Loves his Country. ib.

Is attacked mod cowardly : And fuffers
for not being a finart Babbler. 13

Grov,les on in his own Sphere; yet can-
not be let alone. ib.

Pretends to have a paflable good Hand
at making Moufe-Traps. ib.

Frankly owns his Failings. ib,

Difdains to ferve up another's Cookery.
Curft Cows have Short Horns. Has
Cooked for others. A Challenge, ie

His^Iotion of Pedantry. ib.

Purloins, or rather borrows a Pojtjcript,
not very remote from his own indivi-
dual Conceptions. 16

VOL. II.

CHAP.

Bash a IV. Hassan Basha, Son of Heyradin Barbarossa.
Thefirft Time of his Adminiftration. 353

ALgiers a definable Vice -Royalty.
3*3
The Captam-Bajba procures it for his

Son Hajfan. 35-4

Saying of a Spanijh Writer, concerning

Algiers. ib.

Its Condition at the new Bajka's Arri-
val. A Conjecture of the Author's.

ib.
Hajfan Bajba, invited to Tretnizan, fets

out. 3SS

Is fuccefsful. ib.

Affairs of that Realm. 35^

Spaniards chaihTe their Moorijb Allies^

or rather Vaflals. ib.

Formalities ufed by the Arabs to Don

Martin. * ib.

A brave Arab cuts off 300 Turks. What

Ufe Camels are in War. 35*7

The Exploit againft- thofe Turks repre-
fented ; and the Spanijh General Com-
plemented by the Arab Women, ib.

The Spaniards have News of Hajfan
Bajba. 358

Oath of Fidelity how taken by the^r^j-.

ib.

One taken by an Algerine Army, ill
kept. ib.

A comfortlefi Anfwer. ib.

Partiality in a Spaxi/b Author. 35-9

A noble Exploit or five Spaniards. ib.

Remark thereon. 36b

A Bravado. ib.

Mazagran attacked by Don

Bravery of ibme Turks.
Don Martin's Obilinacy.
He is routed by the Enemy.

Martin.

lb.

362

ib.

Hajfan

CONTENTS.

Haffan Bajha informed of his Father's

Death. 363

A Miftake of a great Man. 364

Partialfty of one Spaniard difavowed by

another. A Pacification. ib.

Black not Mourning. 365-

Prince of Fez goes againft Tremizan,

and enters that City. ib.

Beni Aamar retreat to Moflaganem. 366
Haffan Bajha fends an Army againft the

Tingitanians. ib.

A fierce Engagement, in which the Al~

gerines are victorious ; the Fruit where-
of is the Kingdom of Tremizan. 367

The Prince's Head carried to Algiers.

368

Buildings of Haffan Bafha. tb.

Thro' the unjuit Avarice of a proud Fa-
vourite he is depofed. ib.

Al-Caid Sefer ; D&pMy-Bafha. Some
Account of him. 369

Turkijb Peafants, how called. ib.

This AlC aid's Death and Character.

37o

CHAP. VIII.

Basha V. Salha Rais. The firft Arab Vice-Roy of Algiers.

370

SAlha Rati fent to Algiers. His Ori-
gin, &c. 370
King of Tuggurt revolts. Where that

Region lies. The Bafha fets out a-

gainft the Rebels. 371

Batters and takes the City. A Queftion

he puts to the young King. Zeal

rewarded. 372

Goes againft Wargala. ib.

Compounds with 40 Black Traders for

200000 Ducats. 373

Agrees with thoie of Wargala^ and re-

ftores the King of Tuggurt. ib.

The Bajha repulfed at Mayor ca. 374

Takes fome considerable Portugueja

Prizes, with a Pretender.to the Throne

of Fez. . ib.

His Generofity to the reigning King of

the Tingitana. 375-

Affairs of Tremizan. 376

A Saying concerning the Turks. -ib.
Salha Bafha goes againft Fez. Is fuc-

cefsful. 377

New-Fez plundered. The Jews ranlbm

their Quarter. An Act of Juftice. 378

Thofe People taxed with an unufual In-
difcretion. ib.

Liberality of the new King of Fez. ib.

A generous Deed of the Bajha. ib.

He returns home. 379

An impregnable Fortrefs quitted by a ti-
morous Governor. ib.

Salha Bap a goes againft Bujeya. Af-
fifts the French with a Fleet. ib.

A Spanip Hiftorian fuipedetf of Sinking.

380

Bujeya attacked, ib.

And carried. 381

Impartiality commended. ib.

Who (hould and who fliould not be hu-
moured. 382

The River of Bujeya. ib.

Salha Bapa fends Prefents to the Sultan.
Promues the Conqueft of Oran. ib.

The Levant Fleet arrives, and Salha
Bapa lets out for Oran. How the
Plague ferved him, before he got one
fiftieth Part of the Way thit-her. 383

His Obfequies and Character. 384

CHAP,

C G N T E N T S.

CHAP. IX,

Basha VI. VIL VIII. IX. The unfortunate Hassan Corso.

Tbkelli. Yousouf. Al-Caid Yah i a. This

loft rf Re gent, or Titular Vice-Roy ; the fecond a Basha
fent from the Porte; the others Algerine Renega-
does, made B ashas by the Soldiery, 384

HAffan Corfo. Some Account of that
< Kenegaio. He is made Bajha by
the Militia. He marches for Oran:
But is countermanded by the Sultan ;
and why. 385-

The Army returns home ; but unwil-
lingly. 3 8 ^

Encomium on Haffan Corfo. ib.

Tekelli fent as Bajha; but is not admit-
ted. ib.

Injoined to return, by the Governors of
Bona and Bt/jeya, who fire at him.
He perfeveres, and comes near Algiers.

387
The Corfairs waver. Their Arguments

for his Admiflion, in Oppolition to the

"Janifaries. ib.

Some Hints in relation to thofe two dif-

cording Bodies. - 388

Janifaries how and when inftituted. ib.
Perfidious Stratagem of the Levents, or

Corfairs. 389

Tekelli introduced by thofe Traitors.

390
Haffan Corfo apprehended. His Charac-

ter. 391

Execution upon the Hook defcribed.. ib.

Haffan Corfo's miferable and much la-
mented Death. 392

And of the Governor of Bujeya. ib.

The Governor of Bona ranfoms himfeif.

393

The Government of Algiers much al-
tered fince thofe Days; particularly in
refpect to Renegado'es. ib.

The Al-Caid of Tremizan refolves to
revenge his Patron Haffan Corfo* s cruel
Death. 394

The Meafure he takes in order to ac-
complifh his Deiigns His Refolution
and noble Vengeance upon the Ty-
rant. 395"

Tekeltfs Chara&er. 396

The generous Avenger applauded by the
Militia; and by them created Bajha.

tb.

His uncommon Liberality, fudden Death
and fine Character. 397

Al-Caid Tahia made Deputy. tb.

CHAP. X.

Basha X. XI. XII. XIII. Hassan Basha, Son of Heyradin
Barba-rossa : The fecond Time of his Adminiftration. Has-
san Aga and Cousa Mahamed, Joint-Deputies. Ahamed

Basha Al-Caid Yahia : The fecond and laft Time of his

Officiating. *8

HAffan Bapa the fecond Time Vice-
Roy of Algiers. 398
The King of Fez againlt Tremizan. ib.
Haffan Bafha fets out to oppofe that In-
2

vader ; who plunders the City and re-
treats. 399

Is purfued by the Turks to Fez. tb.

A fierce Encounter not much to the

Advantage

CONTENTS,

Advantage of the Algerines. 400

Spaniards again attempt Moftaganem.

401

Haffan Bajha goes to fuccour that Place.

ib.

The befbrementioned Spanijb Hiftorian
once more detected in the A6t of Sink-
ing, ib.

His circumftantial Account of this in-
aufpicious Campaign. 40a

Good Advice neglecled. Obftinacy and
Mif-Condu& occalion much Mifchief.

404

A finiihing Blow. 405"

A Bravado. A General trampled to
Death by his own People. De-
struction of a whole Army. 406

Haffan Bajha at War with Beni- Abbas.
Some Hints concerning that martial
Nation. 407

Turks let flip no Handles. ib.

An a&ive Prince. 408

Cruelty ufed to Turkijh Prifoncrs. ib.

Apologies ufed for renouncing Chrijli-
anity. 409

Hiltory of Abdalaziz, a very brave Afri-
can Prince. 410

His Saying to a Renegado Commander.

ib.

He kills the Prince of Fez. ib.

Is ferviceable to the Algerines. 411

Being malicioufly accufed, efcapes from
Algiers, and prepares for War. ib.

Al-Cala, &c his Capital. ib.

Proves a dangerous Enemy to the Turkr.

ib.

411
ib.
ib.
ib.

4*3

ib.

Boni.

Mefila. Jibil-Ayad.

Cuts off a Party of Algerines.

Hammam.

Impolitic Generofity.

Arab Tribes join Abdalaziz.

Me j ana, or Lare. The Turks build a

Fort there. ib.

"Z amor a. ib.

A Turkijh Camp deftroyed, and the new

Fort razed. 414

Tezli. A Fort there taken by the Turks

and Zivouwa. ib.

Bravery of Abdalaziz. His Death and

Character. 415*

Succeeded by his gallant Brother, Mu-

cron. 416

Hajbemites of Barbary. ib.

Hajfan Bajha efpoufes an African Lady.

417
Commerce at Algiers of bad Confequen-

ces. ib.

What will belt recommend fome Afri-
cans to a good Wife. Niceties, ib.

Haffan Bajha, and others, fent fettered
to the Levant; and why. 418

Two Deputies officiate; but not long.

419

Hajfan Bajha fucceeded and revenged by
Ahamed Bajha. Inftances of the new
Bajha's Avarice. ib.

Algiers foon eafed of a great Eye-fore.

420

Al-Caid Yahia again officiates. His odd
Death. His Charadter, &c. ib.

CHAP. XI.

Basha XIV. Hassan Basha. The third and loft Time of his

Adminiftration. Some Account of the Algerines at the Siege

of Malta. The Hiftory of the famous Corfair, Dragut
R ais. 42 1

HAffan Bajha again reftored to Al-
giers ; and how. His Reception.

421
Marches againit Oran with a great

Force. Returns home ; and with

what Succefs. 422

Laughs in his Sleeve while others are

howling; and why. ib.

A more

CONTENTS.

. A.raore particular Account of the Oran

Campaign. 423

Don Martin's Anfwcr to the Bajba's

Summons 442

Bravery of Hajfan Bajha. 42 <

A grateful Turk. 42J

Farther Proof of the Bajka's Bravery ;

with fome Sayings of his. ib.

The Aigerine Camp and Fleet obliged to

return home. Why Hajfan Bajha

was pleafed with the bad Succefs of

that Campaign. 428

Algerines lofe a fecure Lurking-Hole.

4*9

A rich Tttrk'tp Prize taken by the Mal-
tejes. ib.

Brave Refinance. 430

The Porte highly refentsthe Lofsofthat
Ship. 431

Hajfan Bajha fet s out for Malta. ib.

Some Account of that famous Campaign,
and the Services done there by the Aige-
rine:: Not a little to their Credit. 432

A young Turk in his fiftieth Year. ib.

Cattdalifa, a (lout Aigerine Commander.
The Behaviour of him and his Party.

433
A warlike Procefllon of Part of the
Turkijh Army upon the Water. ib.
Gallantry on both Sides, 434

Candalija, for the firft Time, fliews his
Back. What he gained by that one
falfe Step. 435-

Behaviour of the Algerines. 436

Hajfan Sofia's Counfel to the Ottoman
General. 437

Oppofed by the Captain-Bafha ; but fol-
lowed ; and with what Succefs. ib.
Hiftory of Dragut Rats, a mod noted
Corfair; including many Proofs of
his uncommon Valour and Capacity :
With feveral notable Pieces of Hiftory ;
more particularly the Fate of the fa-
mous City Mehedia^ or Africa. 438
His Beginning. 439

CarelTea and advanced by the Bajha of
Algiers. ib.

Jannetin D y Oria fent againft him. ib.
is made Captive. His Saying of his
Conqueror. 440

JReleafed by his Patron Barba-rojfa 11.

ib.

Several of his Exploits. 441

Sufa, Sfacus and Monajier taken by him.
Has an Eye towards Mehedia, or A-
frica. Some Account of that cele-
brated City. ib.

How he accomplished his ambitious
Views. 442

Fruits of Ambition and Refentment.

443
Dragut gains the City Africa. What

Orders he leaves with his Nephew,

by Way of Prevention. ib.

Confequences of his fettling there, ib.

A difficult Task fet Andrea D'Oria :
Who, inftead of what he was fent a-
bout, takes a fmall Place; as he does
another Place with great Difficulty and
Lofs. 444

Great Mifchief done by a fingle Bullet.

445*
Armada at Mehedia. ib.

What Aifa Rais fays to the wavering

Africans. 446

Zeal moftly among the Vulgar. ib.

The Citizens again eflfeclually harangued

by Aifa Rais. 447

Dragut complies with his Obligation,

and attempts their Relief. ib.

What occafions his Scheme to mifcarry.

448
Succefslefs Bravery of the Unkle and

Nephew. 449

Ufefui Intelligence brought to the Be-

fiegers. 4^0

Who take the City. A lamentable Scene.

45"i

More on the fame Subjecl. ib.

Particulars of this City, till its final Ruin.
viz. 45"2

Offers made the Spaniards by the Go-
vernor of Jerba. ib.

The Garrifbn mutiny, and expel their.
Governor, and all the Officers. 4^3

Antonio de Aponte elected. ib.

His notable Adminiitration. 45-4

His Reply to the Prior of Capua. ib.

Steps taken by the Emperor Charles.

A Counter-Mutiny. tb.

A ftrange Phenomenon. 45"6

Chiefs of the Mutineers apprehended.

ib.
They

CONTENTS.

They meet a Fate different from what
was defigned them : But others fuppljr
their Places. 457

Spanijk Policy. ib.

French and Algerines in Alliance, dreaded
by the Spaniards. ib.

Harangue made by an infinuating yet ar-
rogant Spaniard to the G. Matter of
Malta. 45-8

Report brought to Malta, concerning
Mehedia. 459 .

Spaniards mortified at the Order of
Malta's Refufal of their Munificence.

ib.

The Ruin of Mehedia refolved on ; with
the Steps taken to effect it. 460

A main Point gained. ib.

Preparations for blowing up that flately
City. - 461 _

A Saying of its Founder. 461

Its fudden Dif appearance ; with fome
Confequences thereof. ib.

Dragut's Refentment. He meditates
Revenge. 463

That Corfair dreaded by the Emperor.

ib.

Who feeks his Deftru&ion. 464

Andrea D'Oria attacks and blocks him
up ztjerba. Reckoning without the
Hoft. ib.

A MefTage fent to Jerba. 46?

A Rod laid in Pifs to foak for Dragut.

ib.

A ftrange Caravan. 466

The aforefaid Meflage intercepted. ib.

Dragut follicits the Enterprife upon
Malta. 46J

Squibs thrown at him. ib.

Which he fends off; and, knowing how
his Shoulders were guarded, purfues
his Point. 468-

The Turks, forced to quit Malta, make
Goza an unwelcome Vifit. 469

An unworthy, cowardly Chevalier taught
good Breeding. ib.

A brave Englijhman, and a furious Si-
cilian. 470

Dragut's Revenge not quite imperfect

ib..

Some Tokens of the Sultan^ Efteem for
that Arch-Corfair. He is made, in a
Manner, Sovereign of Tripoly. ib.

Caufes of Content and its Contrary at
Malta. Dragu: repulfed there. 471

He joins the Ottoman Fleet, in a feconi
Attempt upon that Ifland. Is ho-
nourably received. ib.

Gives his Verdict; to which Deference
is given by the Turkijh General, tho*
contrary to his own Sentiment. 472

Words much to his Credit delivered by
a coniiderable Perfon. ib.

State of Fort S. Elmo. 473

Dragut, always intrepid, receives his.
Death's Wound. ib.

Saying of the Turkijb General. What
were Dtagut's laft Thoughts. Part
of his Character. 474

Hajfan Bajha takes his final Leave of
Algiers. His Legacies to the Public.

ib.

That Bajka characterized. 475-

Death of his Son, torn in Pieces by his
own Slaves. ib.

CHAP. XIF.

Basha XV. XVI. Mahamed Basha, Son of Salha Rais.

Ali Basha, Fartas, vulgarly called- Ochali : A Rcncgado of
Calabria. 476.

MAhamed Bajha fucceeds.
his Charaaer.
Certain Deed of this Bafta.
Juan Gafccnh bold Undertaking

Part of A needlefs, yet moft hazardous Feat of

ib. Bravery. 47S

477 Refting in a very wrong Place. 479

ib. Out o/our, one has a good Nofe. i#.

" * A wel-

CONTENTS.

A welcome Gueft, how received and
entertained. 480

Fewel to Fire. ib.

A Corfair talks good Reafon ; and pre-
vails. 481

A Spice of Msrifco Revenge, and Spa-
mjh Bravado. ib.

'Juan Gafcon executed. 48a

"Turks of Algiers curb the vindictive Mo-
rifcoes. ib.

A Spaniard talks what had better been
let alone. 483

He thereby gets acquainted with fome
whom it would have been abundantly
to his Advantage never to have known.

484

The mod made of a Story. tb.

Similitude of Scenes, here and abroad.

485"

Charity begged at Algiers ; how, why,
and by whom. ib.

A Proceflion. Complaints of the Un-
charitablenefs of fome. Inftances of
the contrary in others. 486

A Spanifo Martyr. ib.

The Author quotes a Book of his own.

487

Where a Spanijh Prieft's Purgatory may
be met with. ib.

Roafting People alive ; learned by the
Morifcoes m Spain, and by themfome-
times practifed in Barbary. ib.

Famdiares : A deteftable Vermin. In
what Parts of the World they fwarm.

488

Ochali. The mean Origin of that fa-
mous Admiral. 489

After a Series of Wretchednefs, he com-
mences Corfair, and is entertained by
Dragut Rais. ib.

He occafions the Overthrow of a Spa-
nip Fleet. 490

Succeeds Dragut in the Government of
Tripoly. ib.

His nWrHhing Condition. Is made 2?<7^<*
of Algiers. 491

A Pailage between him and his Mortfco
Suhje&s, relating to the Morifcoes of
Spain. ib.

Invited to the Conqueft of Tunis. He
fets out. 492

The Tyrant Hamida flies, and the Bajba
pofTciTes himfelf of that Realm. 493

He governs well : But is balked in his

Demands upon the Arabs. ib.

What Reply they make him. 494

He returns to Algiers. A fwift Foot-
Courier, ib.
He fets out for the Levant ; and why.
Has News of four Maltefe G3llies. ib.
Of which he takes three, and returns
home. 495-
Trophies at Algiers. ib.
The Bajba forced from Algiers , by the
mutinous Janifaries. 496
He joins the Ottoman Fleet in the Morea.

ib.
His Behaviour and notable Retreat at the
Battel of Lepanto. Is made Captain-
Bijha, partly thro* the Mediation of
a raft Friend. 497

Makes the Sultan a bold and agreeable
Offer. ib.

Why the Chriftian Fleet wonld not an-
fwer his (Challenge. 498

Don "Juan de Auftria recovers Tunis.
Some Account of that Prince. ib.
A PafTage between King Philip, his Bro-
ther, and himfelf, at their firft Inter-
view. 499
The Captain-Bajba follicits the Sultan
to fend him againft the Spaniards in
Africa. He arrives at the Bay of Tu-
nis, ib.
Caftles of the Goletta attacked and car-
ried by the Turks. jco
This Captain-Bajbd's Grudge againft his
own Country. Others of his Exploits.

ib.

His Humour to be known by his Drefs ;

in which he refembled a late Tyrant.

His Buildings and Character. 5*01

Story of a Moorijh Martyr. ib.

His Conftancy. 5-03

Tabbia Buildings, how and where very

common. ib.

Mock Zeal. 5*04

Farther Inftances of the fame. 5-05-

HaeaVs pious Wifh. ib.

A remarkable Tragedy, wherein Rene-

gadoes were the fole Actors. 5-06

Particulars relating to thofe of that Cloth.

' :fii

What Ships are and are not Sanctuaries
for Fugitives at Algiers. jio

A Slave returned to his Owner. ib.

A Frenchman bilks his Company. 51 1
A wicked Dutchman puniihed. ib.

CHAP.

CONTENTS.

CHAP. XIII.

Bash a XVII. XVIII. Arab Ahamed : An Egyptian.-
madam Basha, Sardo : A Renegado Sardinian.

Ra-
51a

A Rob Ahamed lent Bajha to Algiers,
ib.

He deftroys a fine Suburb, and fortifies
the City. ib.

Other ufeful Buildings of his. 5-13

He was a good Driver. Gruel and Po-
litic, ib.

His Conduct at Tunis. 3-32

Not fo politic at Cyprus as at Algiers.
His Death and Character. ib.

More of his Deeds. ib.

A Slave talks to him too freely; and fuf-
fers for it. 5*1 5*

He beats to Death two others. ib.

Baftonado; a cruel Torture. ^16

A Queftion. ib.

Concerning Gallies and their Inhabitants.
An Example let by the Chriftians for
the Barbarians to follow. ib.

Good Algerines in fome Parts of Ame-
rica. A difmal Object for tender-
hearted People. 5-17

Boatfwains in abundance. Rafcally Do-
ings, ib.

Slaves attempt an Efcape. 5-18

They mifcarry ; and fome are banged
and others executed by Arab Ahamed.

Ramadam Sardo. Made Bafha of Al-
giers. His Extraction ; with Part of
his Character. 5-20

Exploits of his again ft the Spaniards, in
the Kingdom of Tunis. ib.

How beloved by the Algerines. 5*21

The Sultan obliges them. ib.

A Galeot of Algiers artfully efcapes
fome Chrijlian Gallies. 5-22

Warlike Preparations of the new Bajha.

ib.

He marches to Fez, and eafily gains his
Point. ib.

Don Sebajlian. 5-23

The Bajha and his People mod liberally

rewarded for their good Offices done

to the Sharif. ib.

Regret of the Algerines at the Removal

of this good Bajha. Obfervations on

an impartial Span : Jh Clergyman, ib.
Ramadam Sardo is fucceeded by his very

Antipode. ^24

What that Author farther fays of that

Bajha. ib.

He is made Bajha of Tunis. ib.

Tokens of the Sultan's great Regard to

his Merit. ib.

Injunctions laid on him by the Sultan ;

but which were never put in Execution.

* J 2 *

The Algerines greatly diflatisfied with

their Bajba, again {tickle to have Ra-
madam Sardo ; who politicly declines
what he longs for. ib.

The Captain-Bajhd's great Power.

$26

Fact ions jCL Algiers, ib.

Ramadam Sardo returns to Algiers, feem-
ingly to execute the Sultan's Orders.
He is received as a Saint ; and upon
what Account. ib.

Hajfan Bajhd's Umbrage at his Arrival.

f*7

Ramadam Sardo, difappointed, retires to

the Levant. More of his Character.

ib.
Story of a wicked Renegado. fiS

He lands near Cadiz. ib.

Is rep ill fed, forced to quit Prize, and
feized with his Galeot and whole
Crew. -Put to Death. 5-29

Captivity of a Greek Trader. ^3

Villanous Indications againli that Inno-
cent, ib.
Haedo forgets himfelf, ib.
London-Mob. Who they are like. 5-31
Iniblence of Renegadoes, blinded witli
Zeal and Revenge. ib.

A Spanijh

CONTENTS.

A Spani/h Father in great Danger. 5-32
Parallel between former Times and the
prefent, in regard to Renegadoes at
Algiers. ib.

What Opinion the Turks entertain of
them. The Advantage of natural
Turks over thofe Turn Coats , even
when in Authority. An Inftance of

it.
Money

collected for inhuman

The Tragedy.

Story of a cruel Corfair.

His Slaves rife in the Galeot.

He is murdered.

A warm Conflict. Gold and

Ends.

*34
tb.

ib.

S3S

tb.

Silver

fend fome deeper than they cared to
go. ib.

Bravery mull yield to Numbers. 536

A Renegadoe's Revenge upon the Ailaf-
fines of liis Patron.- The Particulars
of this Tragedy. ib.

Rational Difcourfe oiheCat>!ain-BaJha.

.5-38

A Favourite of the Author's talks notfo
rationally. 539

Killing goes by Favour. What intitles
Men to Canonization in fome Parts.

5"4

A notable Tragedy managed by Mirif-
coes, by Way of Retaliation. ib.

SuccelTes and daring Vanity of a Morifco
Corfair. Is captivated and feized by
the Inquifitors. 5-41

Meaning known by Gaping. tb.

Impoffibilities demanded, nay infilled up-
on- 543

Tidings fatal to an Innocent. ib.

A Martyr for a ConfefTor. 5*44

Revenge fweeter than Intereft. /,

A Bridle propofed for the Inquifitors of

Spain by the Inquifitors of Barbary.

What Flep is deareft there. 545*

Dangerous to fpeak in Behalf of Chri-

fiians in Barbary, upon certain Occa-

iions. An Inftance of it. 5*48

The Victim's Drefs defcribed. In what

London and Algiers referable each o-

ther. 549

A chief Mourner's Behaviour. tb.

A good Turn done undefignedly. 5-5-0
Zeal taken Notice of. ib.

Relics preferved. ib.

How they make Beards in Portugal, ib.
And redrefs Grievances, upon fomeOc-

.cafions. What may be wondered at.

CHAP. XIV.

Basha XIX. XX. Hassan Basha, Venedic j a Renegado Vene-
tian : The firft Time of his Adminiftration. Jafer Aga,
Majar : A Eunuch Renegado Hungarian. 551

HAJfan Bajha. His Origin and Cap-
tivity. 551
A Sketch of his untoward Dilpofition.

He obtains the Bajhaltc of Algiers ; and
fets out. A Confpiracy of certain
Renegadoes. ib.

Their Scheme. 353

The Devil does Mifchief. ib.

The Plot difcovered, and fome Crimi-
nals feized. 5-5-4

Mabomtt reviled by a fuffering Martyr.

ib.

Hacdo's Doabt concerning two other
Martyrs. Some Delinquents pardon-
ed, ib,

Inftances of the new Bajhd's wayward
Humour. He is Jack of all Trades ;
and takes fome bold Steps. 5-5-5-

And is a very unfair Merchant. 556

Ways and Means to get Slaves. tb.

Other Ways t)f turning the Penny. 5-57

What a Sattton fays to him. ib.

Some Account of the brave Morat Rats.

ib.

Hajfan Bajha at the Baleares. 55-9

4 In

CONTENTS.

In what the Algerines are his Debtors.

job

Exemplary Love and more than paternal
Indulgence of the Captain-Bajha, in
regard to this unworthy Renegado.
Jafer Aga appointed his Succeffor. 5-61

Morat Rais carries off two of the Pope's
Gal lies. 5*62

Many hopeful Priejls, &c. fwap one
Thraldom for another. ib.

Hajfan Bap a removed. ib.

A great Dearth. 5*63

Hajfan Bajhd's farther Character, ib.

How he made himfelf Matter of feveral
remarkable Slaves. D. M. Cervantes,
a notable Spaniard. ib.

A well-laid Scheme fpoiled. 5*64

A Traytor. ib.

Farther Account of Cervantes. f6f

How he was dreaded by Hajfan Bajha.

ib.

A wicked Slave helps Morat Rais to a
Prize. 5-66

That Villain poniarded by two Renega-
do es. ib.

Their tragical End ; and upon what Ac-
count, ib.

Other Executions. 5-67

Slaves attempt and bravely obtain thctr
Liberty. tb.

Some of them recovered ; and the Ring-
leader put to Death. 5-6$

A narrow Efcape. 5-69

Origin and farther Character of Jafer
Aga, the new Bapa of Algiers. ib.

Inftances of his great Humanity, Ariel:
Juftice and other rare Qualities. 5*70

A dangerous Conlpiracy againft his Life.

57 r
Discovered, and the chief Traitors pu-

nifhed. , ib.

A Merchant turns his Penny to good
Purpofe. . 571

Arrival of the Captain-Bajha, and his
Bufinefs. ib.

His unjuft Dealing with Jafer Aga. ib.

His Difference with the Militia of Al-
giers, ib.

A Caution given the Sultan concerning

him.

A good. Prize taken by Morat Rais.
The Turkijh Admiral recalled, to

Mortification.
Is even with the Algerines.
Of our firft Trade in the Mediterranean,

with other Particulars. 574

5*73
ib.

his

ib.

CHAP. XV.

Basha XXI. XXII. Hassan Basha, Venedic : The fecond and
laft Time of his Adminiftration. Mem mi Basha, Arnaud :
An Albanian. Some Particulars relating to our Affairs in
thofe Parts. 57 $

HAJfan Bajha again arrives at Algiers,
ib.
Morat Rais fnaps up a Spanijh Galley.

576"
What the Bajha fays of him. ib.

Hajfan Ba/hd's Sea Expedition. ib.

His Succeffes. 5*77

Methods obferved with Sellers of their
Country. ib.

He miffes a good Booty. ib.

But brings from Spain more than 2000

Morifcoes ; and returns in Triumph.

578
His Pafs to an Engli/h Merchant. ib.

His final Removal from Algiers. <yp
Made Bajha of Tripoly, and afterwards
Captain-Bajha. His" End. ib.

Origin of Memrni Bajha. ih.

Sent to Algiers,^ Vice Roy. His Qua-
lities. 580
A Letter to him from Sir Edward Of-
borne. ib.
* * Notes

CONTENTS.

Notes concerning the Trade, &c. of
Algiers, about that Time. j"8i

Q. Elizabeth's Letter to the Grand Sig-
nor. fa

The Grand Signor's Orders to the Vice-
Roys of Barbary, in Favour of our
Nation. 584

Extract of a Letter, relating to Algiers^

Another on the fame Subject. 5^6

Bravery of fome Engli(h\ with an In-
stance of Juftice in Memm's Bajha. 5-87

Morat Rais ventures on the Ocean as
far as the Canaries. What he fays to
his Pilot. j88

Takes a confiderable Booty from one
of thofe Iflands, and fets up a Market
in his V effete. 5-89

Is way-laid by a Spanijh Fleet ; but bilks
the Dons. ib.

Memmi Bujha removed. His Genero-
fity to his exacting Succeilbr. ^oo

His good Character* ib.

CHAP. xvi.

Basha XXIII. XXIV. Ahamed Basha. Hidir Basha; the

firft Time of his Adminiftration. Both Turks. 5 90

AHamed Bajha arrives. ib.

Some of his Qualities. 5-91

A Sea Expedition of his. ib.

He efcapes a Scouring. 5-92

Account of the State of Sea Affairs in
^Mediterranean in thofe Days. ib.
Removal, and farther Character of Aha-
med Bajha. $-94
Hidir Bajha arrives Vice-Roy. S9S
Morat Rais quits his Company at Sea,
becaufe they were not ib raft as him-
felf. And takes a Prize. tb.
Determines, in a (ingle Galedt to fall on a
Maltefe Galley. His Harangue. 5-96
A Reward profiled. 597
Sayings co, cerning this bold CorfW.
He carries his Point. ib.

ib.
ib.

And fnaps up another Prize.

Honours done him at Algiers.

Commotions in Tnpoly, with other Par-
ticulars, not very remote from the
Purpofe. J98

War with Bent- Abbas. 5-99

Thofe Affairs foccinSly related. 600

Lofs of two Aixerme Galeots. ib.

Parallel between two great Corfairs.

601

A parting by Content, ib.

Txrk.Jb Cap:ives efcape from Naples, ib.

Lofs of certain Chriftian Gallies, and
Altering Galeots. 602

A Galeotof Algiers taken. 604

Hidir Bajhd's Removal and Character.
This Bajhalic dwindles. ib.

CHAP. XVIL

Basha XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. Shaaban Basha.

Mustafa Basha. -Hidir Basha j the fecond Time.

Mustafa Basha, again. All Turks. 605

SHaaban Bajha arrives. 6of

A Deputation from the Militia to
the Suita. ib.

Algertne Deputies flighted at the Porte.

The new Bajha y s good Management.

ib.

A terrible Hurrican. ib.

Lampedjfa, a final 1 Ifland: A common
Azyittm. 607

Morat Rais directed by his Fortune"
Books to the taking two Chriftian Gal*
lies. ib*

CONTENTS.

He joins the Ottoman Fleet in Calabria.
Mifchiefs done there. 608

Dons crow by themfelves. ib.

More Priies taken by Morat Rah. ib.

His unprecedented Prefumption. 609

For which he is near paying very dearly.

ib.

But bravely fights five Maltefe Gallies,
one by one, in his own Galeot, and
has a mod fortunate Efcape. 610

Sbaaban Bajha removed His Character, ib.

Is Succeeded by Muftafa Ba/ha, ib.

Hidir Bajha again. The Degeneracy or*

thofe Times. 611

ijooo Ducats unjuftly extorted by this

Bajha from his Predeceflbr. ib.

Muftafa Bajha again. 612

He repays himfelf at the Rate of Cent.

per Cent. ib.

The Author takes Leave of his faithful

Guide Haedo. 613

CHAP. XVIII.

Some 'Particulars relating to the Algerine Cor fairs ; and their
Naval Strength {then confifting folely in RowVeJfels) at and
before the Time when they began to build Ships, 613

BU T ftill makes Ufe of certain of
his Materials, very much to his Pur-
pofe. viz. An exact Account of the
Naval Affairs of the Algerines about
that Time. 613

Kul-Oglou, what it fignifies. Renegadoes
how called by the Turks. 6iy

Continuation of the foregoing Subject.

ib.
A ridiculous Mujfulman Fable. 120

Scrupulous Nicety of the Algerines at
Sea. ib.

A Boaft ufed by .them while they had Gal-
lies, &c. ib.

Their Sea-Oeconomy continued. ib.

Story of a blundering Prieft, a knavifh
Turk and a Renegado, who, tho' in-
nocent, fared fcurvily. 622

More relating to Sea Affairs. 624

CHAP. XIX.

The Trogrefs of their Sea- Affairs, till the Mifcarriage of Sir
Robert Manfel, in his Attempt upon their Ships, &c. in the
"Port. 627

SPaniJh Fleet takes a View of Algiers ,
and away. ib.

An Omiflion inferted. Rare Diving, ib.
Some Effects of the Expulfion of the
AAorifcoes. 628

A remarkable Letter concerning the
growing Power of the Algerines. 629
French Fleet fuccefsful againft them. 63 1

Advice given in at the Council-Board,
by Sir IV. Monfon, relating to an At-
tempt upon Algiers. 632

The Author's Remarks on the preceding
Dilcourfe. 636

Farther Obfervations of that Admiral;
with fome Remarks thereon. 637

CHAP.

CONTENTS.

CHAP. XX.

Extract from a Journal of the fruitlefs Expedition againft Algiers,
under the ConducJ of Sir Robert Manfel, Vice- Admiral of Eng-
land. With other *P articular s and Occurrences. 642

WHAT is faid of this Expedition by
Mr. Secretary Burcbett. 648

Another Obfervation of his. 649

Sir R. Manfel'' % Letter concerning his

Exploit. ib.

Gallantry of four young EngUJhmen.

6fz
A notable Story of John Rawlins and

fome others. 65-4

Letter from our Ambaflador at the Hague

concerning the Algerines. 660

Rebellion at Algiers fupprefled, and the

Authors punifhed. 661

Algerines take Advantage of the Grand

Signor's Troubles, and commit many

Diforders. 662

Unfortunate Adventure of four French

Cadets. 664

Reciprocal Courtefies praflifed between

the French and Algerines when in Al-

liance. 665

Other Exploits of the Algerines under

General AH Pichinin. 666

Venetians violate a Port of the Grand

Signor's. 667

Deftruction f fixteen Barbary Gallies

there. 668

The Grand Signor gets Money by it.

His kind Offer refufed by AH Pichinin.

669
Commotions at Algiers ; and why. ib.
A wicked Ifelander. 670

Naval Strength of Algiers. ib.

AH Pichinin's iharp Rencounter with a

brave Dutchman. 6ji

Some farther Particulars relating to AH

Pichinin. 673, & fcq.

Articles of Peace, b?c. with Algiers y

Tunis and TW/w/y, ftill in Force.

NAMES

Names of Subscribers &c. who have the First Volume.
Thofe with this * Mark prefixed, have Subfcribed

for this Volum e. N. B. The Author went not

much upon the Hunt? this Bout.

Royal Taper.

LOrds of the Admiralty. Patrons. "^ 7 Books : 1 Returned.
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1 William

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The fe are all the Names hitherto ^come to Hand, The Owners are
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Encouragers? And many real Encouragers, who have actually paid their
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make 100 Sheets, to a Page 3 the very utmoft we ever pretended to pro-
mife j tho' it is a Subject, on which much more might have been faid, and
very much to the Purpofe*

; l .a o 2 a u 2 \v?3maM

The moil material E r r a t a are as follow , which the Reader is defired

to correct, viz.

In Vol. I.

Page 21 r. r. Sicoation. p. 217. in the Note, r. Philip I. p. 301. /. 27. r. call that Cape
iv 319 / 31. r. 17x6. p. J49- & 7- r - 400- P 35 2 - dele tnc whole Note.

Voi.n.

Ia the Letter to Efq; -p. 2. /. 12. r. as fince. p. 4. /. 16. r. fix. p. 6. /. 14.

from the Bottom, r. Indefatigability. p. 8. /. \o. from the Bottom, dele eft. p. 9. /. 9. r.
Hermofijjimos.

P. 356. /. 16. r. Town. p. 373. /. 26. after befides, add 5000 Black Slaves, p. 414. /. 3.
from the Bottom, r. following, p. 416. /. 2. from the Bottom, r. abou Macron, p. 420.
/. 12. from the Bottom, dele At the Bombardment of the Goletta. p. 423. /. 22. dele having,
p. 467. in the Note, r. P. 264, iff feq. 307. p. 474. /. 7. from the Bottom, r. they. p. 482.
/. 2. r. had. 7/i. 1. 20. r. who. i2/V. in the Note, r. Lives, p. 486. /. 9. from the Bottom,
r. very little, p. cot. /. 1 i. " In 1580. fays tlaedo, when I faw him at Algiers, he was aged

" feventy two. He had no IfTue, i$c. " Ibid. 1. 22. r. To conclude our Account for

the prefent, &V. p. 517. /. 3. from the Bottom, r. increafes. p. 541. /. 6. from the Bottom..
dele in. p. 560. in the Note, r. Vol. 1. p.578. /. 14. from the Bottom, r. luoge. p. 585.
/. 19. r. follow, p. 595. /. 15. r. above.' p. 604. /. 3. from the Bottom, r. dwindled.
p. 605. r. Chap. XVII. p. 617. /. 1. r. there was. p. 622. /. 13. r. be not. Ibid. 1. 24. r.
Carapartal. p. 626. Oppofite to Banks on a Side, 18. r. 10.

The Following is sr genuine Letter^ wrote, by the Author of this Work,
to one of his earlieft Subfcribers, who earneftly infilled, that it fhould in-
troduce this Volume^ andavering, that none could reafonably take Excep-
tion againft it but fuch as found the Saddle actually fitting their own
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at leaft, of this Impreflion may live) it would be fomewhat of a Curiofity,
to Pofterity, to know the State of Subfcriptions, in thefe prefent Times.
With all due Deference and Submiffion to our Benefactors, and all other
generous, public-fp irked Perfons, we humbly hope, that no Part of it
will, by them, be taken for what fome pleafe to term it j viz. Bullying
Folks into a Subfcription. It was never intended for fuch ; but merely by
Way of Complaint (one might as well have whittled) of real ill Ufage :
Notwithstanding all which, not a Syllable more of it fhould ever have
feen the Light, had not the unaccountable Ufage, mentioned in its 1 $tb
Page, urged it from us 3 not that we believe it has wrought any very
great Effect.

T O

Efq;

Worthy Sir,

BEGGING Pardon for my NeglecT: of your well-intended
Injunction, that I fhould put in Print the Letter I did my
felf the Honour of writing to you, early in "January laft,
juft upon the Publication of my Firft Volume of this Work, as
thinking it, you laid, not to concern your felf alone; I now, on
fecond Thoughts and frelh Occafions, lend you the Following ;
hoping that, notwithstanding the Alterations and Additions, you
will deem it no lefs worthy the Perufal of others, as well as your
own, than you thought fit to do what I then wrote. If it meets
your Approbation, it mail be prefixed to the Second Volume;
which, mal-gre all Dilcouragements, is preparing for the Prels.

You may remember I acquainted you, how great was my Sa-
tisfaction, after all the Rubs and Difficulties I had met with, at
my then having it in my Power to do what I had long thought
it high Time to perform ; viz. To let my kind Encouragers (the
generous, public-ipirited Few) have at leaft lomething for their
Money. Not that they had been lb unrealbnably long out of it
as lbme are pleafed to imagine it becomes them to keep their Sub-
fcribers ; it being, at that Time, barely a Year from the Appear-
ance of my fixfttpropofals: Not to enter now upon the viler, fname-
lels Article of Books, in nubibus, Propofed by Subfcription ; which,
as they never do, were never defigned to appear at all ; tho' I can-
not help adding, that I have often wondered, that not the leaft
Cognizance was ever taken of fuch flagrant Knaveries, while our
American Colonies Iwarm with far modeller Delinquents.

I, like wile, told you, that were I a Magiftrate, and to inflicl:
what Punifhment I pleafed on lbme fad Fellow, againft whom I

A had

[]

had a perfonal Pique, it ftiould be to fend, thro* this unencouraging
Town, the poor Varlet a Sub/crip ion-Hunting : And you may have
found in my Preface, p. x. Mention made of a whimfical Trea-
tife, upon that very Topic, which I ftill referve in petto , tho' I
have poftponed it, in order to be inferted in a Mifcellaneous Jp-
pendix, among many curious and uncommon Oddities, which none
are capable of giving but my felf, and wherewith I defign to oblige
the Public , ftill provided I find Encouragement mend upon my
Hands. With the laid Pamphlet (which would have communi-
cated to you, and all who took Pains to perufe it, leveral Oc-
currences immediately relating to your humble Servant, as well
before or fince his commencing Sub/cription-Hunter) I intended to
have clofed my Firfl Part of this Hiftory : But reflecting, how
incongruous an Interruption fo ludicrous a Tract muft have been
to a grave Difcourfe, and for lome other Reafbns, I referve it
for a Place where it may more properly be introduced ; tho' the
Purchafers were defired not to bind their Volume till its Pub-
lication.

Therein, if it ever comes to Light, you will meet with many
(curvy Rencounters, I had with People of all Degrees : And were
it one tenth Part Co fafhionable to name Names as it is to do dirty
Actions, one might eafily furnifh a Lift of unmannerly Churls,
who might count Nofes even with that remarkably numerous
Band of Encouragers, prefixed to a certain lately-publifhed and
long-expected Book. Some are Fortune's Favourites.

Recufants, innumerable, tho* of different ClafTes, you will find
I have engaged, while, in my almoft fruitlefs Trampoojtngs in Search
of proper Helps and Encouragement, I traverfed more Ground
than from hence to Japan , acting all the while very much the
Part of a common Strumpet, or rather of the Devil, roaming
about to leek whom I could devour. The Cautious, the Super-
cilious, the Unknowing, the Diffident, the Unreading, the Incurious,
the Penurious and ibmetimes even the ill-bred Injurious, with
Multitudes of unintelligible, heterogeneous Mortals of every Spe-
cies and Gender : And yet the Murrain of it is, that, generally
lpeaking, they all look and drefs like other People of more Gene-
rofity, better Breeding, endowed with brighter and politer Con-
ceptions. Several of my real Friends, indeed, tell me, that it is
doing fuch Folks too much Honour eyen to take Notice of them :
Truly, to many of them, fo it is.

But

C 3 3

But none excited my Irafcibility fo vehemently as did two Sorts
of Men (for as to the Ladies I have been very little troubleibme
to them in this Affair ; it being lomewhat out of their Way) both
which I am utterly at a Lofs to divine what Gender they are of:
I mean the inliifferable Forgetful, and the ftill more infiifferable
Confederers. The firft of this Sort of good Gentlemen have, un-
asked, asked for and demanded my good ^Propo/als, and pocketed
them by Half-Dozens and by Dozens, with lerious and formal
Promifes of rendering a very good Account of them; when, at
fucceeding Interviews, the beft Account I could get from the
Majority was, that my Papers were given away to liich as would
tfake them, and, they liippofed, made UJe of: And as to any Pro-
mife, they remembered no other than, that they would difperfe them
among liich as wanted. Now I could have wifhed thofe worthy
Gentlemen had let me know their Occafions for Wajl-Qaper ; (ince
I both could and willingly would have lupplied their NeceJJities at
a much cheaper Rate ; even had I carried out, daiiy, my Sides
and Pockets fluffed on Purpofe for their nafty UJes } feeing they To
readily forget to endeavour the applying them to any better Ufe.
Thefe I call the Forgetful '$ as not having, at prelent, a proper
Epithet for that Set of Gentry : And they really and apparently
feem to be very defective in their Memories.

The others, viz. the Conjiderers, are a Body of Sparks who are
a confounded long while before they can prevail with their felves
to know their own Minds : And, by what Experience I have had,
I look upon this Clais to be exceflively numerous. When any of
them are accofted, upon liich Bufinefs as mine was with them,
their Reply is, " Sir ; I'll confider on't ; if you pleafe to call an-
" other Morning, you fhall have an Anfwer. Mighty well, Sir."
Alter a Dozen or a Score Times Trudging for that Anfwer, per-
haps the Petitioner is at length admitted, and told, that the Reliilt
of all that long-winded Confederation is to have maturely weighed
and confidered, that thefe Conjiderers have nothing at all to fay
to him.

Now, this and the reft may, for ought I know, be looked up-
on, here in England, as good Breeding and Gentleman like Beha-
viour : But this I am certain of, any Step that Way tending would
be far otherwile thought of at Algiers, and in feveral other Parts
of the World, where I have been. Every Region has its Pe-
culiarities. Some of our captious Won 'd-be-Brights may, perhaps,

A 2 be

I 4]_

be affronted at thefe Words; as fancying I am about to introduce
the Alger ines, and other Southern tfranfmarines as Models of Cour-
tefy and Good-Manners, in Competition with their own precious
Selves, who difdain to acknowledge any Equals, and would efteem
it an unpardonable Injuftice and Indignity offered, not to allow
them to be the very Standards of Urbanity. In Return whereto
I lay, that if even the Savage Hottentots had a conciler and more
genteel Way of evading the Importunities of a troublefbme Suitor,
whom they had no Mind to ferve, or gratify, than that abomi-
nable one of making him dance Attendance, to no Manner of
Purpofe, I ihould be mighty apt to give my Verdict, for thole very
Savages, and to own their Method, how blunt foever it happened
to be, if not the politer at leaft, by far the honefter and more
eligible.

In many Parts both of the Chrijlian and Mahometan World,
fhould you affix a precile Meeting with any one, who was not a-
bundantly your Inferior, and not come punctually or lend timely
and very fatisfactory Reafons for that Omiffion, you would infal-
libly bring an Affair upon your Hands, the Confequences whereof
might prove very fatal. Little would it avail to alledge, you for-
got the Appointment ; and lels to offer to lay, you never once
thought of it after. . Yet here nothing fo common and umal :
Nay, I believe it really to be a Piece of the Mode ; for, furely,
I find fbmewhat much refembling it (if Breach of grave Promifes
is like it) wonderfully in Uie among Perfbns who are the very
Pink of the Mode itlelf

How fiiperlatively preferable to thofe Conjjdering and Short-Me-
moried Gentry, in their Dealings, (as far as I had. any Dealings
with them) did I not deem all the reft of my Repuliers, even to
a Man ! Nay, as for the Cautious and the Non-Readers I am, and
all along was in perfect Chriftian Charity with them ; notwith-
ftanding I could not ever dilcover in the whole Clan one who
had the leaft Propenfion to do handfbmely. I only wifhed thofe
had been pleafed to entertain more favourable Sentiments of
my Veracity, and Capacity (lor I fancy both were often enough
called in Queftion) and that theje had thought fit to have loved
Reading better. How could I, in any Conicience, take it amiis
to be gain/aid by People who afTured me, very courteoufly, and,
to all Appearance, very fincerely, that ib many knavifh Tricks
had been played them, by Varlets of a like Profeffion with my

S> own.

[ 5 ]

own, that they were, unalterably, determined never to be taken in
again by any of us ? What Reply could I make to this ? Did not
a noble Lord, whole Name helps to adorn my Icanty Lift, actually
profer me Subfcription-Receipts, which coft him fixty Pounds, for
fixty Pence ? But as I had more Manners than to take his Lord-
fhip at his Word, I certainly let flip a good Bargain ; for lbme of
the Books are already come to Light, and others may chance to
appear , at the long Rttn.

Then again ; how, in the Name of Goodnels, could I reafonably
expect Chaps, or Cuftomers ibr my Wares, among Folks who
iwear delperately, they never ran over ten Leaves of any Sort of
Hiitory, throughout the whole Courfe of their Lives ? Think you
of it whatever you pleafe, Sir, I could not have the Confidence,
after that, to advance a Syllable, or even to caft a Glance, as if I
had any iuch Defire. What Sholes are there not daily to be feen
about Comhill, and Parts adjacent, who fcruple not to atteft, that
they leldom, or never, read a Word of any Thing, but Letters of
Bufinefs and News-Papers ? Some, indeed, have added, and the
Bible and other Good Books : Yet, Egad, a great many of them talk
fmart and fluently enough, within their own Depth; and, as
I am alive, carry, methinks, near as much Sagacity in their Coun-
tenances as if they had a Tafte for Literature, and emploied lels
of their Time and Thoughts upon Stock-Jobbing, and other Money-
getting Projects.

Among this laft Ciais of thriving Men, nothing in Nature would
fet a-float this Book of mine but a War with the Jlgerines. On
fuch a not-to-be-wiihed-for Occalion, it is more than likely, they
might have lomething of a Curioiity to know, what Sort of auda-
cious, gracelels Scoundrels had the Impudence lb to play the Devil
with their Eilates : And yet that is nothing but what they have
too often done to our Traders, with a Vengeance, as many ftill
living may remember ; lbme of them not quite without Occafion.
I am lure, I meet with abundance, and they none of the worft
Judges, who make not the leait Difficulty . of allowing the People
I treat of to be a Crew of very merry Fellows, who will give
themlelvesAirs and be refpected; and whole Hiftory is well worth
knowing : And, indeed, I thought to have found abundance more
of the very fame Opinion ; but am come off fhort in my Calcu-
lation. What Account can be given for People's Tafte, or what
better can be expected where the | moil ridiculous Trafh> and no-
thing elie, will go down ! Far

c n

Far was I from imagining, at my firft taking it into my Head
to let about this Performance, that I fhould have been ib terribly
put to my Stumps, in the Prolecution of my ufeful, nay laud- '
able Undertaking. Little did I than dream, Good Sir, that when
you and other well-difpoled Gentlemen, adorned with the Spirit
of Mec&nas, readily, and with a good Grace, came into my Mea-
fiues, and try (led me with a Firji-^aymetit (feveral of you even
while the whole Scheme was a mere Embryo) I then little thought,
1 fay, that you were all heaping on me ib mighty an Obligation
as rueful Experience has fince demonftrated. I had then the Va-
nity and Credulity to fancv, that, as I was about to exhibit a Piece
of genuine Hiftory, which the Reading Part of the Nation in ge-
neral wanted, which few Men, perhaps, in Europe were more ca-
pable of doing, in all its Branches, than my lelf, and of which one
might have believed every Perfbn of any tolerable Curiofity, this
Way, would have been fond, the only Favour you were doing me
was your early entering my Lift, when defired, merely becaufe
you fuppofed your Money would not be very badly bellowed,
and becaufe you were not willing your Names mould be wanting
amidft fb much good Company as, it was probable, would follow
your Example. This was all I then thought of the Matter : But,
alas ! I have fince met w r ith many Hundreds, and People of pro-
mifing Afpe&s too, who, I am fure, had I been fb put to it, would
as fbon have Bailed me as have heard a Word of Suhfcribivg :
And, really, moft I have picked up have been, I may fafely ven-
ture to fay, actually got out of the Fire, by downright Dint of
Infatigability.

Would not you, or any other reafbnable Perfon, readily con-
cur, that one who meddles with Affairs of this Nature muft have
enough to do in the Compilation of a Work worthy better than
mere vulgar Reading ; and that he needs not the additional Fa-
tigue of hawking about, in every Corner of the Town, in Search
of what he cannot well proceed without ; viz. Anticipating Pur-
chafers ? Ought he not rather to be in his Study, (or the Place he
terms fuch) regulating his Manujcripts, attending the Vifits of his
Printer's Devi/, correcting the ^Proofs he brings, and ever prompt
to fiipply him with Parcels of carefully-reviled Copy ? This is, po-
fitiveiy, the incumbent Duty of every Author, who defigns to
launch out into the World, with any ProfpecT: of Reputation.
Again ; Will you not agree with me, that it muit,v infallibly, in-

hance,

[ N

hancc, or rather indeed aggravate the Fatigue of one fb put to k T
even to the debafing and unbrightening his Intellects, to be almoft
pofitive, every time he turns out to go upon the Hunt, for one he
lights on of fuch People as he wants, to fall in among whole
Droves of the before-ipoken-of multifarious Recujants, to the very
beft-natured of all whom he may, to juft as much Purpofe, fing^
c PJalms to a Horle, as talk to them of Suhfcribing ? Yet many of
them I have known to be good-temper'd Perfbns, upon molt other
Occafions ; and are pleafant and fbciable enough while no Motion
is made them of lending a Hand to Folks who move in a Sphere
different from thole where their Gout lies : If you do that, you
perceive an immediate Diftortion in all the Mufcles of their till
then fmiling Countenance.

As all this I advance not by bare Hear-fay, but Expe-
rimentally, you will not wonder at my being heartily out of
Love with the Trade, Occupation, or what you pleale to call
i^ which I have taken up for feveral Months paft : Nay, and
to that Degree, that I cannot, tho* I own it a Weaknefs, but ac-
knowledge the Indifferency of my Stomach to meddle with it any
farther, and that it often creates in me a Peevifhnefs fb undifguife-
able, that the Effects thereof vifibly appear in my very Writings,,
wherein I am, eve'ry now and then, but too prone to break out
into fome wayward, acrimonious Flights, which feveral tell me I
had better have fmothered ; and I am fometimes apt enough to
join with them in their Opinion ; tho' it is I alone, and not they,
who have the Provocation.

Now, it is great Odds, if fome one or other, into whofe Hands
this may come, does not, by Way of Animadverfion on fome of
the preceding Paragraphs, ftart ill-natured Queftions, to the fol-
lowing Tenor ; viz. " Why was not all the Copy ready beforehand ?
" Why mould the ^Propojals be exhibited till the Work was fit to
" put to Prefs ? " Humph J Why, truly, thole are very fhrewd
and not impertinent Queries, and to which I could give feveral
unanfwerabk Anfwers, were it very requifite for me to impart all
my Reafons and Motives for my fb doing to every one who is
inquifitive enough to make fuch clofe Interrogations : But, as
fome particular ones are, perhaps, referved to be communicated
only to fiich as I am very well acquainted with, my general
Reply is, I was in Hopes Matters would have run more fwim-
mingly, as they fay ; andj conlequently, I fhould have been fuf-
X ficiently

I 8 ]

ficiently at Leifare to have compleated, in due Time, every Ar-
ticle of what was intended and propoled : But, as it happened, I
reckoned without my Hojl. Nay, lbme actually have asked me
thofe very Queftions; and I have anfwered according to my Ac-
quaintance with, or rather Opinion of the Perfbns who gave their
ielves that Trouble : For the Inquifitivenefs of ibme is with an
apparent View of infulting thofe whom they think lit to interro-
gate. I will give you an Inftance.

One Spark, whole external Furniture was much better than his
Internal, gravely asked me before other Company ; Whether my
Pen was my .whole Dependance? Tho' I feldom, or never, make
a Secret of what I am rather forry for than afhamed of I did not im-
mediately return a direct Anfwer. When a Moment or two af-
ter, imagining, I prelume, that his mannerly Queftion might re-
quire a ftill clearer Explanation, he would needs know, exprefly,
If I wrote for Bread ? Had lbme certain People been lels bale, or
I lefs credulous, no Goxcomb would ever had any Ground for fuch
Impertinence ; or to have fhaken his empty Noddle, as this Chap
did, upon my gratifying his Curiofity by anfwering affirmatively,

crying, " 'Tis Pity." The real Englijh of which (I read it as

plain as if I had been within him, by the fcornful, fiipercilious
Turn of his Eye) runs in thefe very Words ; " Ah ! Thou art a
" poor, defpicable Wretch indeed ! " In all this you will fay I
a&ed much more of the ^Iain-Dealer than the Politician. But, as
has been hinted, I feldom boggle at owning what has too much
of Truth in it to be made a Jeft of: Fie on all thofe who had
any Hand in occafioning fb unlooked-for a Met amor phofis /

As for that ill-natured Confblation of him who faid ;

Solamen ejl miferis focios habuijje dolor is,

It little afFe&s me ; elfe one need not go far to feek for Brethren
in Affliction, who, as well as your humble Servant, are ready e-
nough, open-mouthed, to exclaim againft their Credulity, and a&-
ing fo like JEJbp's Dog, in letting go the Subftance to catch at a
Shadow. And this is my very Cafe. However, blame me who
will, I ever had a mortal Antipathy to mere Out-Sides : Not that
ones In-Side ought to be left too much expofed ; feeing the Bulk
of Mankind are too apt to crow-over fuch as want their Aflift-
ance.

[p]

Of two Spaniards, I make Mention in a Letter, which, per-
haps, will be in my Appendix, one had as much of my Efteem
as the other had of my Scorn and Contempt. The firft was a
jovial Secular, and his Antipode a fantaftical, beggarly Wou'd-be-
Some-Body.

Our honeft Secular, leaving Company, in order, as he faid, to
go Home and regale himfelf, was asked, What he had for Supper ?
tfengo, Amigos, returned he, Jets Co/as Unity excekntes: Agua, Vino,
Wan, Sal, Ajos y hermojijfmos Rabanicos. i. e. " I have, my Friends,
.".fix very excellent Things: Water, Wine, Bread, Salt, Garlic
H and moft beautiful young Radiihes." How different from this
Truth-ipeaker was the tinfel, vain-glorious Don Baltafar ? Who
after a frugal Dinner of a Couple of Pilchers, a Saliad, a few Olives,
or the like, would conftantly Hand at the Door, picking his Teeth,
with a Lleve el Demonio todos los Faifams, cXc. " The Devil take
a Pheatants for me: They never agree well with my Stomach.
" In the Mind I am in, I'll eat no more of 'em this Twelve-
" Month!"

Now, tho' unmodifhly enough, I am fb far from being of this
vain Puppy's Humour, that I chufe rather to undergo the fcan-
dalous Imputation (fince it is lb counted) of writing for Bread,
than go about to palm upon the World my being fo happy as to
have a more comfortable Dependence, at this prefent Writing, as
the Saying is ; whereas, as I and others have managed, I am left
with only the mortifying Remembrance of once having had a far
better. By Writings far left innocent than mine, abundance get
Bread and fomething elle to it : And becaufe they can do that,
they may write on without Scandal : Tho' that, you will lay, I
have no Bufinefs with.

But why it fhould be deemed liich a Difgrace, lor any induftri-
ous Peribn, to endeavour to rub thro' the World by Means inof-
fenfive and intirely irreproachable, is to me amazing ; fince we all
too, well know, how many bluftering Figure-Cutters we have among
us,whofe All is owing purely to the exquifite Knack they have
of acting the Knave, the Pander, the Sycophant, the Villain.
And yet, dare they not, impunely, look down with an Eye of
Contempt on iiich whole, very Souls fcorn and abhor even the
Thoughts of walking in their Paths !

Yet, notwithftanding this ; mighty Clutter and, B.uftie. I am
making, about :>Honelty and the like, I am almoft all the while,

B molt

[ to ]

moft fehnioujly purloining, from my own proje&ed Hiftory of Sub-
fir ipt ion-Hunting ; which elaborate Treatife^ whenever . it appears,
Ynuft, inevitably, be a confiderabte Sufferer by thefe Caftrations.
In that Comi-Tragic Piece, indeed (juft according to the Hu-
mour I happen to be in) my Defign is to be rather particular than
general : And if, upon Recolle&ion of Paffages and Occurrences,
any one chances there to light on his own Picture, c ?lautus bids me
only tell him ; Indue tibi Tttnkulam hancce y mi Nicobule, cum tarn
fit habilis, & tarn iclonea. Cannot People be ill-natured and nar-
row-fouled, without beirig unmannerly Brutes? iui capita &c.
In the laid EJpiy y I likewife intend, impartially, to touch upon
the truly juft Reafons Gentlemen may have lor their Backward-
pels and Repugnancy to countenance and encourage thole of my
prefent Vocation : Nay and fhall endeavour to detect fome grols
Abufes, which can never be enough condemned and exploded.
Some mean well, others otherwile. But to Bufinefs more imme-
diately regarding my felf.

As to the material Point of, Why I give you Qiece-Meal what
you were put in Expectation fhould come out Complete? This is
another Qiieftion that, indeed, well enough may, nay has been
ftarted. Why, truly, for that Part of -the Story, I had more than
one Reafon. But that which, moil induced me to it (as was ob-
feryed in the Advertifiments) was to convince diffident Surmifers
of my being very much in Earneft \ and not about to treat you
after the ungrateful Manner too frequently pra&iied, to the utter
Difcouragementiif Multitudes of iwell-rdifpofed Patrons of Letters.
This, and becaule, as hinted befcre, I thought much of your be-
ing fo long without ibmething for your Money, were my chief
Reafons for thus breaking in upon the Rules of Cuftom : Not
but we have leveral Cuftoms too icrupuloufly adhered to and, as
it were, idolized.

For my Part, I thought it tf\e faireft Play r to. give the Public
a Tafte of what they were to eocpeb ' 7 being ready to fubmit and
acquielce to the Ceniure of every: competent Critic;; but am, im-
mutably, regardlels of every one who is not effe&ually. and eflen-
tially fuch. Yet, for this Procedure of mine, ibme Folks think
fit to blame me extremely ; more particularly Bookfellers ; as be-
ing a Method contrary to theirs.' Sequels of unpopular Works,
fay they, are leldom or never rrroch coveted. But the plain Eng-
fi/b Meaning of all that, is nothing but what is pretty well to. be
comprehended. Now

[ ]

Now, I had much rather undergo fbme Criticifms, even from
Oafs, who know not what they chatter about, nay, had rather run
the Hazard of having what is publifhed univerfally cried-down,
than to be under the Apprehenfion, at every Corner of a Street,
or Coffee-Room, of being, with a Tweag by the Nofe, peremp-
torily, asked for a non-appearing Book, by fuch as had generoufly
parted with their Quotas towards its Encouragement : All which,
if owing to no other Confideration than the Thoughts of the odd
Figure I fhould cut, I would ftrenuoufly avoid ; as not repofing
any over-great Confidence in the PafTivenefs of my Diipofition ;
even in fb fcurvy a Caufe, wherein I fhould merit not only fiich
but far more leurvy Treatment. Yet I have heard of fbme in a
like Circumltance, ftalking erect, and with an Air of Affurancc,
juft under the Noles of a whole Body of obliging Subfcribers, who,
perhaps, are never likely to fee a Line of what they have already
paid for. Sure, this ought to be made punifhable as the bafefl of
Felony !

A pilfering Scoundrel gets from you what he can ; fo do thefe \
both, very probably, urged by pinching Neceffity. Thefe are
conicious you know them again, whenever they come in your
Way ; the other fancies, or at leaft hopes you do not. Thefe ask
a Favour of you, which you grant \ the other neither asks nor
expects any ; but bites you when Occafion offers, in fbme of your
unguarded Moments ; and if he gets off, in a whole Skin, with
his Pri2e, flatters himlelf with your eternal Ignorance of your In*
jurer : Wheieas the pretended, non-refunding Author's Cafe and
views are quite different. Ergo, in my humble Sentiment, the
profeffed Felon is both the honefter and the modefter Rogue of
the two ; and, conf equently, deierves a milder Chaftifement. Thus
much, for the prefent, by Way of Innuendo^ on thefe Smoak-feUers ;
for whofe Rafcalities many a well-meaning Gentleman has, I am
very fure, been a Sufferer. To return from this DigrefTlon.

I was faying, Fault is found at my giving a Piece of a Book
inftead of one complete. To what has been already hinted, I only
add, that, notwithftanding I do not in the leaft pride my (elf in
the Performance, yet had I been much afhamed of it, and defigned
to fob off the Public with nothing at all but Lies and Nonfenfb,
(which, indeed, now-a-Days beft pafs Mufter) I would have kept
it back till they had it all together, without giving Room for any
Idea of what they were about to purchafe. No : I chofe rather

B 2 to

C n 3

to give a Specimen, as the Volume I publifhed is fcarce any-
other ; and if it carries with it any Pretenfions to Merit, it will
not fail making its Way, in lpite of invidious Detraction.

Some few Blunders excepted (all which fhall be reclined among
the Errata) many Peribns, who are, really, good Judges, affure
me, that I have not the leaft Caufe to be apprehenfive of the Im-
preflion's not going off; iince it is no large one : Or that any one,
who has the leaft Relifh for this Sort of Reading, and purchaies
the Introductory Volume, will fail purchasing the Refidue ; if for
no other Realbn, than becaufe, as the Narrative delcends nearer
to our own Times, it muft, neceflarily, grow more and more en-
tertaining : And, indeed, all that is no other than what I dare
venture to promife.

At the fame Time, I muft be fo ingenuous as to acknowledge,,
that, for mere Want of Leilure, duly and feduloufly to attend and
look-over both Copy and c Proofs } lome Irregularities have been over-
looked (pardon the Qun) which I could wifh had been regulated : .
Not that, at the beft, I am letting up for a very regular, methodical
Writer, or one who either affects or pretends to any Superlative;
Degree of Exaclnefs or Purity in Stile and Diction. Yet 1 meet with ,
none who Scruple at owning, all I meddle with to anlwer fully
enough what they actually are intended for, familiar Narratives.

And as to what regards the Unpopularity of my Subject, all L
fhall here advance is, that, for the Nation's general Advantage, I
moft Sincerely and heartily wifti, we may long continue in the
fame amicable Correspondence with the People I write of as, to,
our no fmall Benefit, we at prefont are ; and that we may not.
have any more Occafion to complain of the Hoftilities, and lament
the Depredations of the Barbary Corfairs, committed on the Tra-
ders of thele mercantile Realms, than we have had for near thefe
laft forty Years: * Thanks to good Management. But Should
they take it into their Fancies once again to come to a Rupture
with us, (a no very unuiual Prank with them) this very Hiftory,
I dare affirm, will become fomewhat popular. Many, undoubt-
edly, will, then, be defirous of being better acquainted with the
Rife, Progrefs, Cuftoms, Morals, Manners, <S?V. of a People, who
will not, by any Means, be hindered from, almoft daily and hourly,

Vide Preface. P. riL

carrying

If f J

carrying off their Effects, and detaining in Bondage Numbers of
their Fellow-Subjects.

As to the reft, I own my real Defign was (at leaft for the pre-
fent). wholly to have ftirled this Letter, and all other Difcourfe of
this plaintive Nature ; as contenting my felf with what Hints and
Intimations had been already given in my Preface ; where ibme,
who mean me w//,.are apt enough to tell me, that their Opinion
is, rather too much than, too .little Notice has been taken of what
fearce merits any Regard at all. But finding, to my no fmall
Surprife, that ibme a&ive Spirits, who, apparently, feem not to
mean me fo very well, when nothing elfe would avail (but that fe
veral candid and impartial Gentlemen had Generofity enough- to
be ftill dropping Expreffions lomewhat favourable concerning the
Part of this Performance that is already come to Light) are think-
ing it worth their while, induftrioufly, to give out that, inftead
of being my lelf the real Author of it,. I only furnifhed a few
Materials, and got them digefted, defeanted and inlarged upon by
ibme learned Pen : And the only Realbn I can learn they aflign for-
tius wife and moft judicious Report is, that, fince I am fo frank
as to acknowledge my never having feen even the Out-Side of a
College,- and quote fo many different Languages, it is humanly
impoflible, I fhould be the Author of fo learned a Piece, as they
are pleafed to term my Introduction^ which, by the Bye, has a'
far better Title to be termed a troubkjbme. Piece. To this, by*
Way of Corroboration, they* add, that my Difcourfe is not at all
equal to my Writings. Merry enough ! Never did I know, till
very lately, that a Man's Intellects depended folely on a Faculty
in Babbling : Or that Univerfity Education alone could capacitate
him to exprefs his Sentiments intelligibly. . Nor are there, it is to
be hoped, many who think fb.

Sure,, thefe ehurlifh Monopolizers might allow one to be good,
for at leaft Something! Have I attempted to invade any one's-
proper Sphere;? Ought not one who means rather well than ill,
who neither is nor ever was any Body's Foe but his own ; who in-
termeddles not with Politics, or any other ticklifh Affairs, that
may give Offence, be liiffered to fcribble on his ufelels Trafh (if
they think it fuch) un-carped at, nay, which is ftill worfe, grofly
belied? Did I, having never feen nor been near . Madagafcar, nor>
even read fcarce any thing of what others have written concerning -
it, once fropo/e the writing a complete Hiftory^ both, ancient and

i modern^

C 14 ]

modern, of that Ifland ? That would, certainly, have been a
Task wholly unequal to my Strength. But it is a hard Cafe, they
will not grant me to know lomething more than ordinary of a
People and Country, wherein and among whom ib much of the
very Prime of my Life has been fquandered away : Would I
could lay to better Purpofe. Does every one's 'Palent lie the fame
Way ? Is it any Manner of Argument, that the Man who can-
not make a Rejxathg-Hatch may not be Workman lufficient to
bungle out a Mou/e^Trap ? Tho* I fhould fcarce undertake a new
Englijb Verfion of Horner ', or to make Hudibras talk elegant Italiati,
it is no Rule I may not be capable of making Vertot or Jldrete
palTably familiar to an Etwlijb Ear, utterly unacquainted with their
original French and Spanijh : Much lels that I cannot write adaptly
of the JlgerineS) after a twenty Years Intercourie with them, and
a greedy poring over molt of what has been tranfmitted to us,
concerning them and their Country, by others, as well in this as
in preceding Ages. And as to the Quotations : Wherein lies the
wonderful Magic (if one will be at the Pains of rummaging for
them) in picking out what will beft anfwer one's Purpofe ? Nor
am I backward, both in my Preface and elfewhere, in fairly and
frankly acknowledging to what Authors I am moft obliged. And,
^ven allowing all thole pitiful Allegations to be Fact, if a Piece
of Work has Merit enough to bear Reading, what imports it who
was the Compiler ? Poor Stuff!

Now, tho' in Return to this mean, ungenerous, nav invidious
Afperfion, I could lay much more, nay produce abundance of
convincing Proofs of the icandalous and notorious Faiiity of its every
Tittle ; yet I ftiall not throw away very many Words upon what
fb manifeftly carries with itfelf its own Anfwer : Tho* I own, this
is attacking me in the Part I leaffc of all dreaded, or expected
Extremely remote from all that, it is well known, that, more
than once, certain Friends have chid me for a too tenacious and
over-weening Self-Sufficiency ; to which I cannot deny my al-
ways having been too unbecomingly addicted, more particularlv
and obftinately lb in all Matters thus immediately within my own
Province.

Notwithftanding which,I would think my felf very highly obliged
to any curious Perfbn, who would and could communicate any
material Embellifhment, to help out ; ftill provided it was ge-
nuine. Nay, I would be exceedingly well pleaied, if any one

would

[ * ]

would fet me right where I happen to be wrong : But none yet
has done me that Favour.

-Si quid novijii reBius ijiis y

Candidas imperti , Jt non, his titer e mecum. Hor.

If any Man can better Rules impart,

I'll give him leave to do't, with all my Heart. Swift.

But who has had more Opportunity of acquainting their felves
with Barbary r and its Affairs, than my lelf ? Not that I glory in
that Part of my Knowledge and Experience. Attack me juft-
ly, and with the naked Truth, and let every one lay and do their
worft. Whatever might be alledged againfl me, none, till now,
ever offered to tax, or rather brand me with a Syllable any way
tending to a mean-fpirited Vanity of this Nature. Little know
they of my Humour, who imagine I fhouid be fond of Fathering
the Dijhings-out of another ; even could I get any learned Man in
the Vein and Humour of complimenting me, gratis, with his La-
bours. And could I afford to entertain a learned Man at Penfion
or Stipend, I am ftrongly difpofed to fancy, that my Thoughts
would have taken a very contrary Turn, and my Cafh have run
in a very different Channel. I fhouid, then, fcarce have gone
about Qropojing by Subjcription \ or have emploied any Money in
gratifying fiich as wrote what was to go in my Name. And that
which I am next going to fay, is what, upon any other Occafion
than this, I fhouid fcorn to mention : Inftead of what has been ib
baiely infinuated, nay afferted, I could very readily produce ieve-
ral Pieces, of my own tranflating, blended among the Works of
others and in their Names ; whereas, at the fame Juncture, I thus
openly challenge and defy all Mankind, to bring out any one
Thing, with my Name affixed to it, wherein I had the AfHitance
of even a fingle Paragraph. And as to that idle, ftupid - Animad-
verfion, of any one's Incapacity to deliver his Mind, in properTerms,
without being notably well verfed in fcholaftic Literature, I am
fure, that I am not the only Perfon who laughs at it : Nor can I
help adding, that, certainly, no Man of any tolerable Ideas and
Conceptions would be a great Gainer, in exchanging them for mere
Scholarfhip, as they call it : And, for my own Part of the Story,
I muft frankly confefs, that I fhouid be fomewhat loth to forego

i- the

the fuperficial Smatterings, I have picked up by Rote, in fome
other Languages, to become one of the profoundeft Greek Pedants
An Europe. Thefe are all the Replies I think requifite to advance
aipon this Topic ; tho' it is but too apparent, that thefe fcanda-
lous Reports have done me an Injury among certain Perlbns, from
whom I might, reafbnably, have expeded feme Countenance.

lam, &c.

To fill up the Blank, having finifhed my Epijile^ I make bold
to borrow the following Lines from one of our late Firft-Rate
'Wits. Indeed, that noble Earl wrote purely to pleafe and eafe
himfelf. His "Needs and mine differ, as much as our Rank and
"Talents.

Perhaps, ill Writings ought to be confined,
In mere Good-Breeding, like unfav'ry Wind,
Were Reading forc'd, I fhou'd be apt to think
Men might no more write fcurvily, than ftink.
But 'tis your Choice, whether you'll read, or no :
If, likewife, of your Smelling it were Co,

I'd f 1 juft as I write, for My own Eafe ;

Nor fhou'd you be concern'd \ unlefs you pleale,

I'll own, that you write better than I do ;
But I have as much Need to write as you.
What ! tho' the Excrements of my dull Brain
Tlow in a harfher, and infipid Strain,
. While your rich Head eafes itfelf of Wit ;

Muft none but Civet^Cats have leave to Sh t? Roch.

THE

HISTORY

O F

ALGIERS.

VOL. II.

Bash a IV.

ROSSA.

CHAP. VII.

Hassan Basha, Son of Heyradin Barba-
The fir ft Time of his Adm'miftration.

D. 15*44. No fooner could the Intelligence of the De-
mife of that gallant Eunuch, HaJJ'an Jga, reach the Le-
vant, b\lc the Ears of Sultan Suliman were inceflantly
dinned with importunate Sollicitations, from many con-
fiderable Turks, for that honourable and mod beneficial
Vice-Royalty: It being in thofe Days, and long after,
deemed one of the mod important and profitable Pofts in the whole Ot-
toman Dominions} and fuch Morfels never fail, either there or elfe where,
of having Sholes of greedily-gaping Candidates.

Zz But

354 The History of Algiers.

But Heyradin Barba-rojfa, his Favourite Captain- Bajha, reprefenting
to that Monarch, that (ince he had a Son of fufficient Merit and Capacity
for fuch a Charge, it would be Injuftice to give any other the Preference j
adding, that, fince his Brother Arouje and himfelf were the Conquerors
of thofe States, and the firft Eftablifhers of the Ottoman Sovereignty in
Barbary 9 it was no more than reafonaWe, that the Fruits of their Labours
fliould be enjoyed by their Pofterity. This Reprefentation proved fo ef-
fectual, that the magnificent Suliman complied with the juft Demand,
without Helltation: And the new Bajha was, by his Father, inftantly
equipped with a brave Squadron of twelve flout and exceedingly well-ap-
pointed Gallies, of which that famou* Renegade was irimfelf Matter of a
good Number. The Name of this Bajha was Hajfan, born, as has been
obferved, at Algiers, of a Moorijh Lady 5 and was then in his twenty
eighth Year.

Towards July, this Year, he arrived at Algiers, where he had a joyful
Reception 5 partly on Account of his own perfonal Merit, but more for
the Sake of his renowned Uncle and Father, whofe Memories were in-
expreflibly dear to the whole turkijh Nation $ nor are they yet forgotten.
He had brought down with him a confiderable Body of Troops } ** the
" Fame of the Wealth and Delights of Algiers, fays Haedo, inticing
" thither the Levantines with a like Eagernefs as do thofe of America
" hurry our Spaniards, in Q1.1e.ft of New Worlds, to traverfe the
Ocean."

His Arrival was juft after the Return of Haji (the Titular, or Deputy.
Bajha) from his Victory over Sheikh Abou-Terik, and the revolted Arab
Tribes, as has been related in the preceding Chapter : And the Algerinss
were now in as flourifhing a Condition as could be expected fo foon after
fuch menacing Commotions. Being thus fettled in their Home-Affairs,
they had Leifure to breathe and look Abroad j where Matters were not
altogether as they could have wiflied. As to their Exploits at Sea, about
this Time, no Mention is made : But we may fuppofe their Cruifers lay
not idle , and that the New-Comers had an Itching to try if they could
make any Booty, among the Chriflian Traders of the Weft, to recom-
pence the Trouble they had been at in leaving their own Homes purely to
vifit them 5 nor is there ever any Want, at Algiers, of Old-Standers, who
are both ready, willing and capable to inftruct fuch as are defirous of
learning their Trade. This, I fay, is barely probable Suppofition.

The

The History o/Algiers. 355

The firft Volume clofcs with fome Account of the State of the King-
dom of Tremizan, now the Alger ints Weftern Province. When HaJJan
BaJJja entered upon his Government, the State of Affairs there was as I
leave them at the Conclufion of the iixth Chapter.

As that unhappy Realm was never known to remain long without Dif-
fentions, a certain anonymous Brother of the two laft contending Princes
(one of which loft his Life) hearing that a Son of the great Barba-rojfa
was become Vice- Roy of Algiers, imagined he could not take a better
Method to attain the Sovereignty of Tremizan, than by early Application
to the new Bajba, Full of this, he privately got to Algiers, where he
had the Addrefs fo well to negotiate with Hajfan BaJJia, that he engaged
him to take the Field in his Favour.

A. D. if4f. Accordingly, at the Beginning of June, this Year, he
fet out with 3000 Foot, 'Turks and Renegadoes, all Fuziliers, as ufual, and
1000 Spahis, or Turkijh Horfe, with ten Field-Pieces. Arriving near
TenneZy he was joined by Hamida Al-Aabd, who was ftill called King of
Tenmz. That Prince brought him a Body of 2000 brave Moorifo Ca-
valry.

With this Army Hajfan Bajha made fuch expeditious Marches, that he
foon reached Tremizan-, into which Capital he got Entrance without the
leaft Oppofition: For his TremizanianM&]eft.y, having timely Notice of all
thefe Motions, thought it not advifeable to ftand the Brunt, but, packing
up the beft of his Moveables, retreated to Oran. The new King being
feated on the Throne, raifed a round Sum of Money, by Means fair and
foul, wherewith to gratify the Bajha -, upon which, without farther Delay*
the Turkijh Camp returned to Algiers, from whence they had not been
many Days abfent. But the new-made King did not long enjoy the
Sweets of his new Dignity 5 for in lefs than a Year, the Count De Al-
caudete re-placed his Brother, and obliged himfelf to repair to Fez r whi-
ther his elder Brother was fome Years fince retired. To this ErTeft writes
Haedo. But Marmol being here more circumftantial, and fome Parts of his
Narrative very lively, natural and not unentertaining, I extract the Senfe
of the following Particulars -, and the rather becaufe Haedo breaks otf
abruptly) not re-afluroing the E)ifcourfe till he comes to what happened
two Years later.

Marwiol, having given an Account of Afyki Hamed's fceing recalled by
his Subjects, after the Flight of his Competitor, Mulei Abou Abdallah

Zu (to

3 5 6 The History ^/Algiers.

(to whom they had refufed Admittance, after his Victory) whom the Arabs
flew foon after, as may be feen in the lad Chapter, goes on thus : viz.
After this, the Turks of Algiers again recovered this Kingdom, and flamed
had recourfe to the Emperor, Don Carlos, for Affiftance againil them.
[This muft have been Hajfan Bajba's above-mentioned Expedition.] And
in the Year 15*46", continues he, Al-Manfor, having brought to Oran, a>
Hoftages, two of his Sons, came to an Agreement with the Count De
Alcaudete, Don Martin De Cordoua, who, by the Emperor's Command,
pafling over to Spain, railed 2.000 Men in Andaluzia, in order to re-inftate
the faid Prince. With 1000 of thefe he imbarked on the Spanijb Gallies,
under Direction of Don Bernardino De Mendoza, leaving at Malaga the o-
ther 1000, to come over in three large Ships and other fmaller Veflels.
The Count arriving at Oran, with thefe 1000 Soldiers, he fee out with
them, and 800 from the Garrifon, whereof ifo were Horfe and the reft
Foot. Going with this Body to Canaftel, a fmall and ftrongly fituated
Tower near Oran, he there caufed to be apprehended upwards of 200 of
the Moorijb Inhabitants, whom he found guilty of Treafon 5 in that, be-
ing in Alliance with the Garrifon of Oran, and having been from thence
furnimed with all things necefTary to oppofe and repulfe the Turks, they
had received them into the Town, given them what Arms, &c. they re-
quired, and, in Conjunction with them, had openly revolted. When the
Count returned to Or an, he hanged three of the Chiefs of thofe Moors,
and the reft were made Slaves j whereby, for the prefent, he lecured that
Part of the Territory.

After this, July ''5, the Count fet out from Oran, with his whole Force,
and ten Pieces of Cannon, pitching his Camp fix Miles from the City :
And next Day marched towards Agobel, which is an ancient, ruinated
PIace> near which great Numbers of Confederate Moors came to offer
him their Service. Thefe People arrived in Clans, fcparately, anfwer-
able to their Cuftom, each Clan, or Tribe, advancing according to its De.
gree in Antiquity and Nobility. As a Family came up, the Chiefs hav-
ing embraced the Count and complemented him in a few Words, after a
little Skirmifhing, they drew off and made Room for another Tribe to
advance: And thus came more than fifty Families} among which fome
had at lea ft 100 Cavaliers, and thofe which brought feweft were upwards
of fifty j all in general bearing exceeding fine Lances and Targets.

All

7he History of Algiers. 357

All this while the Count was purfuing his March for about twelve
Miles, till he arrived where Al-Manfbr waited his Approach. This Al-
Man/or, as has been obferved, was Uncle, Father- in-Law and Prime- Mi-
nifter to Mulei Hamed, the Prince whom they came to afllft in expelling
the 'Turks who had ufurped his Realm. That noble Moor was attended
by fooo Horfe, who, to entertain the Count, and exprefs their Joy for
his Arrival among them, reprefented a Rencounter they had, n few Days
before, with a Party of Turks, who were going to re-inforce Tremixan,
and were all cut off. It pafled in this Manner.

Thefe Turks, in Number about 300, all Fuziliers, were marching croft
a Plain, when a certain Arab of good Account, named Girtef, an invete-
rate Enemy to the Turks, intreated the Arabs thereabouts to engage them -,
offering himfelf perfonally to begin the Attack. Finding his Words were
of fmall EffecT:, he took aCord, and tying it round his Neck, he folemnly
fwore, never to remove it thence till they had fought with thofe Turks.
All this not prevailing, (fuch was their Dread of the Fire- Arms) he hafted
to the Adouars, or Villages of Tents, from whence he brought fix of the
moll: beautiful Virgins, which mounting on as many Camels, he drove
them towards the Turks, crying out as he rode along, Ct Now {hall I fee,
" amorous Youths, if you have Gallantry enough to deliver from the
u Hands of yon Tarpaulins thefe your Damfels, which are the moft valu-
" able Jewels you are poflefTed of." When perceiving them now deter-
mined for the Onfet, he caufed a great Drove of unladen a Camels, fuch
as were trained up for thefe Occafions, to be made pafs on before them
which Creatures ran on with fo refiftlefs a Violence, that, to all Appear-
ance, they would not only drive into Diforder a Body of Men but even
break thro' a Rampart. Perceiving that the Turks had fpent all their Fire
upon the Camels, the Arabs inftantly advanced, and breaking in among
them with much Eafe, they were all cut in Pieces.

This Reprefentation was acted to the Life before the Count, with
fifteen or ilxteen Squadrons of Camels, of f 00 each, driving before them
twelve Women on. twelve Camel?, who, after the Show, came riding up
where Don Martin was, each of* them accompanied by the Cavaliers of
her Tribe, or Family, faying to him, u Welcome, thou Reftorer of our
w Realm* the Protector of Orphans} the moil valiant, honourable and

I Vide Vol. I. P- 99, and my Mabometifm Explained, Vol. II.

2 " redoubted

55* The History 0/ Algiers.

" redoubted Cavalier! How I my Lordj muft any other be Mailer- in
" thefe Regions, while your Excellency is here and alive !" With other
Expreffions of a like Nature, after their Manner, all in Arabic, and which
were explained to the Count by his Interpreter: i\fter which the Moors
gave n prodigious Shout or Outcry, as they ufually do to exprefs their Joy.
About a Month after, when the Army was got almoft. to Tremizan, th e
reft of the Troops arrived from Spain', when the Count had Intelligence
that Hajfan Ba/ha was come from Algiers, and advancing with 1200 Turks
in order to put himfelf into Tremizan, to defend that Place, or to fight
him, in cafe he could not do otherwife. Upon this Don Martin returned
the Way he came, in order to feek the Enemy, being determined to give
him Battel. And to be the more fecure of the Moors who accompanied
Iiim, he caufed all the Chiefs to take an Oath of Allegiance to him, and
that they would ferve him with Fidelity till Mulei Hamed was replaced oft
the Throne: Which Oath was adminiftred after the Manner following.

On the Middle of a long Turbant, ftretched out at full Length between
two Moors on Horfe-back, who held up their Hands as high as poffible,
hung an Al-Coran. Under this rode the principal Moors and Arabs, one
by one, laying hold of andkifling the Book as they parTed, promifing and
affirming, by the Truths contained therein, that they would punctually
and loyally perform all that had been agreed on. This took up a whole
-Evening.

I was once my felf prefent at a Ceremony of this Nature, of an Oath
taken, in the Field, by the whole Algerine Army, to Bobba Hajfan, who
took Oran from the Spaniards twenty Years fince j of which gallant
Tnrkijh Commander (as an Eye-Witnefs to many of his Actions, and laftly
of his Afiaflination) I lhall advance feveral remarkable Particulars. I only
mention him : here on Account of the Oath, wherein the only Difference
of the Ceiemony here was, that the Al-Coran hung between two Stand-
ards rolled on their Staves, and tied together almoft in Form of a St. An.
dreiv^ Crofsj and the Swearers pafled under on Foot. But no Matter
Hbw they paifed, fince they kpt their Oath no better.

To return. The Citizens of Tremizan Tent to defire Al-Manfor, that he
-would riot bring the Count thither, fince they defigned to expel the
forks from the Kingdom, and fdrrender their Fortrefies to whomfoever he
pleafcd. But all the Anfwer they, got from Al-Manfor was, " That People
< who had been Traytors to their Prince, defcrved not to wear Heads on
I >J 2. " their

The History <?/Algiers. 359

" their Shoulders j and that the Chriflians were approaching, as Execu-
" doners, to take off theirs."

Mean while Don Martin was marching in Queft of the Enemy; when,
palling the River Ferelet, he fate down within fix Miles of the Turks j
tho\ by fome Moors, he had beer, informed, that they lay at fix Leagues
Diftance. But, when the Bajha of Algiers underftood the Cbrijiian Camp
to be fo near, and how determinately the Count went in Search of him,
not daring to wait bis Approach, he returned flying to Algiers, [this Part of
MarmoVs Narrative, in particular, I, mall foon contradict, from the more
generous and lefs partial Haedo'] and difpatched away an Officer, named Al-
Caid Jafer, together with a Morabboth, or Santon, of Moftaganem, a Per-
fonpf great Credit and his intimate Friend, to treat with Al-Manfor, that
he would fuffer the Turks to retire quietly from Tremizan, giving them a
Guard of Horfe to conduct them fafely to Algiers; which if complied with,
he would caufe the City to be immediately furrendered. With this Al-
Manfor was well fatisfied, and the Articles being drawn up, agreed on
and figned, the Turks from Tremizan arrived at the Place where he lay
incamped.

Some of the Spaniards asked the Count's Permiflion to take a View of
them 5 which having obtained, they had the Satisfaction of beholding the
Ceremonies ufed at the Obfcquies of the brave Girtef, above fpoken of,
who was {hot dead with an Arrow, in a late Encounter. [That fhall be
inferted elfewhere.]

The faid Chrijiians, who had got Leave to divert themfelves at Al-
Man/6r J s Camp, obferving that the Turks who came with Al-Caid Jafer,
bore their Colours flying upon the Staff, fancying it became them to keep
it furled up in Prefence of the Emperor's Flags, which were but a Mufket
Shot from thence, fent Notice thereof to the Count. The next Morn-
ing early, the General fent Captain Soto-Mayor, his Adjutant, with Or-
ders, that he fliould poll himfelf in the Road by which the Turks were to
pafs in their Way to Algiers, and caufe them to take in their Colours.
Coming up to their Van, be ordered the Leader to take off that Flag, pe-
remptorily telling him, " That he nan ft not keep it flying in Prefence of
" thofe of his Imperial Majefty, which were in the Field." This the
Turks exclaimed againft extremely, faying it was a Violence and Injuftice
offered them, fince they had Al-Manfor's Pafs 5 and immediately they fent
to call him. When that Moorijh Commander came and heard the Affair,

$6o The History of Algiers.

kc whifpered the Spanifi) Officer, telling him, that Enfign belonged to
the King of Tremizan, his Nephew, and was fent by him to the Bajba
of Algiers. But Captain Soto-Mayor. replied, " That fince it was borne
" by a Turk, it mould be taken in:" And Al-Manfor taking it from the
Turk in order to furl it up, the Captain, notfatisfied with that, told him,
w That he mull: return it to the Turk, that he might take it quite from
" the Staff." Al-Manfor did fo 5 and the Turkijh Enfign took it off and
folded it up -, tho' not without great Reluctance. This done, Captain
Soto-Mayor returned to the Count's Camp, with only four Soldiers,
who had accompanied him, and the Turks purfued their Way towards
Algiers.

[All this, for ought I know, may be a nice and requifite Punctilio of
Honour among military Gentlemen : But for Marmol to fet it off thus
pompoufly, as fo glorious an Exploit, is what I know not well how to
reliflij as being not capable of difcerning any thing fo very heroic in the
whole Action. I have been at the Pains of tranflating this Paragraph
merely as an Oddity.]

Marmol proceeds. The Count perceiving, that all he pretended was ac-
complifhed, which was only to expel the Turks from Tremizan, he deter-
mined to go againft Mofiaganem. But the Moorijb General refufed to ac-
company him thither, as was his Duty to have done j pleading, as an Ex-
cufe, that he was not fure how the Affairs of the Kingdom- ftood, fo that
he lay under a Neceffity of repairing to Tremizan. [Very probably pret-
ty lick of Spanijb Arrogance.] The Count flew in a Paffion at him, fay-
ing, " That he might go where he would, fince he alone was fufficient
" to take Mofiaganem, which he would effect without any Obligation to
" him :" And fo they parted.

Before Al-Manjor's Departure for Tremizan, the Count went to Orart,
but feven Spanijb Leagues from his Camp, and brought from thence the
Train of Battering Artillery. Al-Manfor was no fooner gone, but Don
Martin bent his Courfe towards Mofiaganem, each Cannon being drawn
by twenty Pair of Mules. His firft Day's March was from the River
Firelet to the River Sikinaki, and from thence to the River Abra, thence
to the River Cufnaki, then to a Place where are feveral Wells, and in the
next Day's March he was obliged to go fome Leagues about in order to
get to the Station where the Turks had pitched their Camp when they
made themfelves Mailers of that Town, and on Augufi 21, he came to

Mazigran

The History of Algiers. 361

Mazagran (a ruinous Town about a League from Mojlaganem) where his
Army refrefhed with the Abundance of Fruits growing in thofe Gardens,
The fame Day he got to Moftagam m, incamping on the Eminence fronting
the Town on that Side : And that Evening fired more than 1 00 Shot againlt
the Town Walls. The 'Turks fired from two fmall Pieces of Cannon,
facing the Battery 5 but they were quickly difmounted.

To pafs by Trifles, my Author fays, " That fome Moors Prifoners af-
tC firmed, that Town then to be the richeft in all Barbary, fince all the
" circumjacent People had there lodged their valuable Effects, as had the
" Turks whatever Booty they had made in the whole Province} that
" there were more than 11000 Souls within the Walls, with only forty
" two Turks who obliged the Citizens to ftand on the Defenfive, and
" would not fuffer them to furrender to the Chrijlians"

Don Martin, upon this Intelligence, continued a furious and continual
Battery, for three Days fucceflively 5 when, finding the Enemy (till refo-
lute, he removed his Camp to another Quarter, where he imagined his At"
tempt might have better Succefs. A Brigantine was difpatched to Oran
(diftant Weftward twelve Spanijh Leagues) to bring a Recruit of Powder,
which they began to want. It returned in two Days : And the very Day
it came, a good Body of Turks got into the Town, mal-gre all Oppofition,
Thefe were they who had quitted Tremizan, and understanding the Count's
Defign upon Mojfoganem, had taken a large Turn about, in order to its
Relief, and had brought with them upwards of if 000 Moors, Horfe and
Foot.

However, a tolerable Breach being opened in the Wall, judged by the
Count fufficient for an AfTault, he fent eleven Companies to attempt it
(leaving only three to guard the Camp) who marched up to the Breach
very courageoufly. The Turks appeared in its Defenfej and without of-
fering to flinch in the lead, or give back for a Moment, as any of them
fell, others immediately fupplied their Places j and that with fo determined
a Countenance (fays this Author exprefly) as if each fingle Turk was alone
fufficient to defend the Entrance. Forty Spaniards at length actually mount-
ed the very Top of the Breach, and there planted five Enfignsj but they
were inftantly thrown down.

The Refult of this fmart Conflict was, that the Spaniards were beaten
off, and purfued by the Turks to their very Trenches, with the Lofs of
200 Men and more than ifo wounded. The Count, adds Marmot
Vol. II. Aaa rallying

361 The History of Algiers

rallying his fcattered Troops, obliged the Turks at laft to retire : But he
makes not their Lofs very considerable. And, continues he, there wanted
not feveral who advifcd the Count to imbark, that Night, on a Galeon
and other VefTels, there at Anchor, leaving the Cannon nailed up and all
the Horfes and Mules ham-ftrung: To which he replied, "That he would
" rather be torne in Pieces than be guilty of fuch Bafenefs." And fuch
Diligence he ufed in forming his Retreat, that by Day -Break he was got
to the Sea-Side with his whole Army and Baggage > having left only one
Piece of Cannon nailed up, the Wheel of whofe Carriage a great Shot
from the Town had rendered unferviceable. All the wounded and ufelels
People had been, that Night, conveyed on Board the Galeon.

Two Spaniards, deferting to the Town, when firft Don Martin began
to draw off, gave the Enemy a full Information of all Trahfactions, and
particularly of what Counfel had been given to that General. Early next
Morning, all the Turks fallied in good Order, and with them more than
i fooo Moorijb Foot and 3000 Horfe, determined to give the Count Bat-
tel : But fuch was the Dread with which the Chrijlians were feized, that
fo far from any the lead Thought of putting their felves in a Pofture to
engage the approaching Enemy, not one Soldier had any thing in View,
but how to reach the Shipping, and fave his Life.

But the Count's fecond Son, Don Martin, who was afterwards Marquis
De Cortes [concerning whom and his Captivity, at jffgiers, more will be
faid anon] obferving the Cowardice of thofe Fugitives, fnatching a Hal-
bard (which at that time was more prevalent than Shame) therewith com-
pelled many to return out of the very Sea, thro' which, void of Confi-
deration, they were attempting to wade to the Veflels in the Road. Thefe
he ranged in the beft Order he could. To cut fhorr, the Spaniards, at
length, bravely repulfcd their Purfuers, and obliged them to return fafter
than they came : Nor does the too frequently partial Metrmol own any
Damage received, either during that Conflict, or the Army's March to
Q.an; where the Count fafely arrived, after having been fifty feven Days
abfent : Not but that his Rear was clofely attended by the Enemy.

I have been the more particular in all this, and contrary to my Cuftom
given good Part of it in this Author's very Words, for two Reafons. Firft,
becaufe fome of the Paflages give a lively Idea of certain Ufages, &c. of
thefe People: Secondly, by Reafon that this the Count De Alcaudeteh At-
tempt upon Mojiaganem was only the Prelude to one, of abundantly more

fatal

The History a/Algiers. 36*

fatal Confequence, he afterwards made upon that Place, whereof a Hint
was given in Preface, p. xi, and which, in due Place, will be circumftan-
tially related. But we will now return to the Subftance of what is to be
met with in the very-often ingenuous Haedo.

A. D. 15*48. The reftlefs Tremizanians, being ftill in Commotion, a
perpetual and incurable Difcord reigning between Prince and People, again
fent fov^HaJfan Bajha 5 offering the Sovereignty of their City and Domain
to him and his Turks, if they would undertake the Defenfe thereof ; or elfe
to put that Realm into what other Hands he fhould plcafe to direct. This
is what I have often obferved, will ever be the infallible Confequence of
a Moorijh Prince's entering into Alliance with Chrijiians. Upon this In-
vitation Hajfan Bajha (whom Marmol all along mifcalls Hajfan Aga-, tho*
neither that, nor any of the reft of his butcherly Manner of mangling
Proper- Names, is what I fhall quarrel with him about) took the Field
with 3000 Janizaries, 1000 Spahis, 2000 Moorijh Cavalry with the old
Mulatto King of Tennez 2X their Head, as before, and eight Field-Pieces $
which laft, together with all neceffary Ammunition, &c, were landed at
the Port of Tennez,

Arriving with thefe Troops at the River Siaue, about four Spanijh
Leagues from Oran, in the direct Road to Tremizan, he there came almofl:
upon the Count De Alcaudete, who was there waiting for him at the Head
of 6000 Spaniards, accompanied by his Friend and Ally the King of Tre-
mizan, with a Corps of 6000 African and Arab Horfe. When the Bajha
found how near his Enemies lay, and that they purpofely waited his Ap-
proach, he caufed his Army to halt and take feme Repofe for that Night,
with Defign to offer them .Battel the next Morning : " And, doubtlefs,
adds Haedo exprefly, confidering the Bravery of the Troops on both
Sides, and the equal and unanimous Defire they all had to come to Blows,
the Encounter would not have failed of proving a moll: obftinate and
bloody Difpute: Had it not fo happened, that about Mid-Night arrived
in Poft-Hafte, a French Gentleman, named M. Lanis, fent with two Gallies
from the King of France, to bring Hajfan Bajha the News of, and con-
dole with him for the b Death of his Father, Heyradin Barba-roJ/a, who,
in May laft, died of a Fever at Conjlantinople". c M. U Abbe de Vertot
has thefe Words, concerning that famous Renegado- hdmuaVs Exit, viz.

b Vide Vol. I. P. 293. c Vide Hill, de Maltbe. L. XI.

A a a z " Barba-

364 The History of Algiers^

" Barba-rojfa, being returned to Conjiantinople, notwithstanding he was
" more than eighty Years old, pafled his Days and Nights with his
ct faired: She- Slaves. But carrying too far his Debauch, he was found
" dead in his Bed, of thefe ExcefTes. Suliman was very deeply concern-
tt ed for his Lofs, &c." Whatever Truth there might have been in the
Article of this Great Man's Debauches, there is certainly a great, Miftake
in the Point of his Age* fince it is very evident, that in 15-18 his Elder
Brother d Arouje was fcarce forty four when he died.

And to difcover how ill thofe laft Lines from Haedo agree with MazmoVs
Expreflions, in a preceding Page, of Hajfan Bajha^ not daring to look
the Count in the Face, needs no very extraordinary Penetration. His own
Spanijb Words are, no fe atreviendo a efperarle, dio bttelta buyendo para
Argel, &c. And in the Margin, Hafcen Aga no ofa pelear con el Condey
which is literaly thusj 1. " Not prefuming to ftay for him, he turned
* flying towards Algiers, &c." z. " Hajfan Aga [inftead of Bajha~\ dares
<c not fight with the Count." One of thefe Antipodes muft be wrong.
But am I not over-officious?- Honeft F. Haedo, altnoft Verbatim^
goes on thus*

Hajfan Bajha was hereof no fooner informed* as well from the Embaf-
{ador's Mouth as by the King of France's Letter, but he was feized with a
Grief fcarce expreflible j yet no other than what the Lofs of fuch a Fa-
ther required. Nor was this great Grief centered in him alone > it reign-
ing univerfal throughout the whole furkijb Army 5 great Part of the Turks
and Renegadoes, more particularly the Officers, having been Soldiers under
the defunct Heyradin Barba-roJ/a. For this Reafon> the very next Morn-
ing, Hajfan Bajha entered on a Treaty with Don Martin, and at length it
was agreed, That the Prince, who had been feated on the Throne of 7re-
mizan by the Count, fhould remain Poflefibr of that Realm, and freely
fuffered to continue the Cbrifiian Emperor's Vafial: Hajfan Bajha promifing
not to'moleft him upon that Account > and that they all remain Friends. [Is
this like running away from an Enemy !] This Peace being concluded^
and the Algerine Camp having flayed in that Place two Days longer, the
Bafia&nd all in general,bitterly bewailing B or ba~roJJa*sDe&th, they broke up :
And Hajfan Bajha, dreffing hirafelf all in Black, and mounting a Jet-black
Horfe, directed his Courfe ftreight to Algiers ; ordering the Cannon

* Vide. Vol. I. P. 2,22, 223, 257, 2.87,. & 293.

and.

Ihe History a/Algiers. $6$

and heavy Luggage to be conveyed to Tennez, where it was foon after im-
barked on divers Galeots.

N. B. Among the forks Black is not Mourning > nor is itfcarce ever
worne at all by them > but rather held in Deteftation. Indeed, in Bar-
bary all Upper- Garments, as Cadrons and Bornoofes y of the old forks (as
will be obferved in the Topography) are of black Cloth,, as are the Cebbaks y
worne by the better Sort, of black Silk,, but no other Part of their Ap-
parel is Black. So this mutt be a Piece of Caprice and Singularity in
HafanBaJha. The Native Jews are obliged to wear fcarce any thing but
Black. This only en paj/ant.

A. D. if p. The DifTentions among thofe of Tremiz&n continuing as
fierce as ever, one of the Factions addrefled the King of Fez, intreating.
him to give them, for their Sovereign, the Prince whom, fome few Years,
fince, the Count De Alcaudete had obliged to feek Sanctuary at that Court.
Thefe Intreaties were accompanied with grievous Complaints of Male- Ad-
ministration againft the reigning King, whom they in particular accufed
of being too great a Friend to the Chrifiians, and miferably harafling and
fleecing the Subject, purely to content and gratify them, exclufive of the
heavy and vexatious Tributes,, paid to his Catholic Majefty.

This was well enough relifhed by the Sheriff and he undertook to im-
bark in the Affair 5 not fo much out of any extraordinary Fellow-feeling
he had for the Exile Prince his Gueft, or the 1'remizanians, but rather to
try what could be brought about towards accomplishing the Defire he long
had, of incorporating that Realm with thofe of Fez, tarudant, Morocco?,
5cc, of which he was already the Arbiter.

Agitated with thefe ambitious Stimulations, he formed a Camp of 12000
Horfe, and about as many Foot, among whom were fooo Renegadoes, all
good Soldiers and bearing Fire- Arms. This Army was led by his Heir Pre-
emptive, accompanied by a younger Son of his, and the pretending Exile
King of Tremizan, whofe Caufe he made Shew of efpoufing againlt his
ufurping Brother, who was poflefTed of that crazy Throne, under Pro-
tection of the Spaniards.. The Mauritanian Prince having, by quick
Marches, foon reached Tremizan, got eafy Entrance into that Capital 5. the
Ufurper having,, fome Days before, retreated to Oran with his Family:
As being confeious of his Infufficiency to attend that Vifit; eonfidcring
the Difpofition of his factious Subjects.. Having thusy without- Blows,,,
obtained PoiTeflion of that City, and confequently, in a. Manner,, of the-
4 whol&

366 The History of Algiers.

whole Realm, the Prince, probably (6 inftru&ed by his Father, commit-
ted the Charge thereof to Abdallah his Cadet, and a competent Garrifon,
without taking the leaft Notice of the Pretender to that Throne, whom
he had brought, feemingly, on Purpofe to re- inflate: Only telling that
baffled Prince, that he would take him as his Companion in his Eaftern
Progrefs, fince he determined to go on conquering and fpoiling the Alge-
rine State, and not to flop till he had, if poffible, made himfelf Mafter even
of their Capital 5 adding, indeed, that at their Return, he would put him
in Pdfleffion of his Kingdom.

The Prince of Fez foon arrived with his Army upon the Borders ofBeni-
Aamar*, a warlike Tribe in the Neighbourhood of Oran, mounting at leaft
12000 gallant Horfe. They are Mailers of a confiderable Domain of High
and Low Lands ; and ufed frequently to be in Alliance with the Spaniards
oiOran. Not daring to attend his Approach, they had retired, with their
numerous Herds and Droves, flickering themfelves in the Algerjne Terri-
tory, under the Cannon of Mcftaganem, twelve Spanijh Leagues Eaft of
Oran. Here his Fezzan Highnefc was in Sufpenfe, whether he ihould
purfue and fall upon thofe Fugitives, from whom he might gain a very
rich Booty, efpecially of Cattle, or make an Attempt upon Oran, which,
if he prevailed, would be a moil honourable Exploit. But upon mature
Deliberation, he grew fenfible how difficult a Matter this lail would be,
and therefore concluded on the former.

Being got within Sight of them, he heard, that the Turks of Algiers
were advancing to meet and give him Battel: Which was not bare Ru-
mour. For when Hajfan Bajha was informed of the rapid, unreiifted Pro-
grefs the Tingitanians were making within the Ottoman Provinces, he in-
flantly fitted out a Camp of fooo Foot and iooo Horfe, Turks, with ten
Field-Pieces, which he committed to the Conduct of three principal Ah
Caids, namely Sefer, Alt Corfo and Hajfan Sardo : The firfl a Turk and the
others Renegadoes -, one of Corfica, the other of Sardinia. As for the Bajha,
he remained at Algiers-, by his Prefence and Authority to prevent any ill
Effects from thofe Commotions. The Orders he gave to thofe Generals
were, that they {hould, if poflible, avoid an Engagement till they had
joined the faid Beni-Admar, and then go in Search of the Enemy. The
Fezzan Army being, as we faid, within Sight of Mofiaganem, taking a

'Fide Vol I. p. 334.

View

The History a/Algiers. %c 7

View of thofe Moors, the Algerinss, very unexpectedly, appeared within
Sight of the fame Place, on the contrary Side: Which the Prince of Fez
no fooner underftood, but reflecting that, if he flayed a few Hours longer
he mull, inevitably, be obliged to encounter thofe united Forces, he was
quite at a Stand : Nor was he long in determining. For turning his Horfe's
Head again Weft ward, he made a fpeedy Retreat ; driving away in the
Front of his Army a prodigious Number of Camels and other Cattle, which
he had amafled in the Way thither. This being perceived by the Turks,
in Conjunction with the Cavalry of Beni-A&mar, they purfued him fo vi*
goroufly, that they came up with his Rear, within eight Spanifi Leagues
of Tremizan-, at the fame Pafs and River where in if 1 8 f Arouje Barba-
roj/a ended his Days fo gallantly. A defperate and very bloody Encounter
enfued, of feveral Hours Continuance, maintained on both Sides with
equal Obftinacy : " For, fays Haedo exprefly, if the Turks and Renegadoes
" of Algiers fought well, the s Elches of Fez, all Fuziliers like their felvesj
" behaved with not a Whit lefs Bravery : But as at length the Fezzan
u Cavalry was forced by the Troops of Beni-Admar to give Way, the
" Elches were, likewife, obliged to follow their Example } and here be-
" gan a miferable Slaughter of Men, and among the reft fell the Prince
" of Fez himfelf, and the pretending King of Tremizan"

The Algeriner (whofe Lofs was not inconfiderable) accompanied by the
Beni-Admar Cavalry, followed their Blow, marching directly to Tremizan,
with the flain Prince's Head on a Lance's Point. As for Prince Abdallah,
upon the firft Intelligence of his Brother's Difafter, he pofted away, with
his whole Equipage and Garrifon, to carry thofe unwelcome Tydings to
his ambitious Father. This Abdallah was the next fucceeding Monarch
of the Tingitanian Mauritania*
^ Except a general Maflacre, unhappy Tremizan underwent all the Mife-
rics of conquered Places j fcarce any thing being left to the wretched Inha-
bitants, but Life itfelf. The three AIgerine',Ch\cfains, calling a Council, una-
nimoufly agreed, never more to quit that City, on any Account whatever,
or to think of reftoring the Sovereignty thereof to the Moors ; but that
one of them ihould remain there, with a Garrifon. Cafting Lots, it fell
upon Al-Caid Sefer 3 and accordingly he was left Governor, for the Bajha
of Algiers, with- ijxo Turks. The reft, returning Home triumphantly

! Vide Vol. I. p. 256. { Corruptly for Qulouja, the Arabic Plural of U/j, a Renegade.

Z and

3$8 The History of Algiers.

and rich with Spoil, were gracioufly received by Hajfan BaJJja; whocaufed
the Prince's Head to be placed in an Iron Cage, over the principal Gate
of the City, called Beb-Azoun; where it continued till ifjl, when it
was removed by Arab Abamad, the then Bajha, at his rebuilding thefaid
Gate and its Wall. Of this, farther Notice fhall be taken.

The fame Year, when all this occurred, viz. iffo. Hajfan Bajha built
a- h Tower on the very Spot of Ground where the Emperor Don Carlos
pitched his Pavillion, when he received that notable ' Defeat at Algiers, in
15-41. But of this Fortrefs, called by the Franks the Emperor's Cajlle,
and its Enlargements, more in due Place. He, likewife, at or about the
fame Time, laid the Foundation of a Building, in Imitation of an Hofpital,
for fick and wounded Janifaries, who were deftitute of better Accommo-
dations: Tho* that was but a mean Edifice, and as meanly endowed. But
this Year gave the finishing Stroke to a noble Bagnio, or public Bath, he
had founded at Algiers, in Imitation of that fine one built by his Father
at Conjlantinople, which was mentioned in that great Bajha"s Life, and
which occafioncd to this his Son the Lofs of his Vice-Royalty.

A.D.iffi* For the proud Rojlan Bajha, one of the three chief Grandees
of the Ottoman Court, the Sultan's great Favourite, and married to his be-
loved Daughter, having, upon Barba-roJJa's Demife, caff, a greedy Eye
towards that magnificent Bagnio, which yielded its Proprietor a very con-
fiderable Revenue, acquainted a Deputy of the Bajha of Algiers, then Re-
fident at the Porte, with the mighty Defire he had of having it in Poflefc
Con. This Deputy, named Jafer, the Bajha's own Renegado, wrote im-
mediately to his Maftcr about this Affair j as being ftrictly injoined fo to
do by the covetous Rojlan. Hajfan Bajha, Tufficiently fcandalized at this
unreafonable Piece of Avarice, took no Manner of Notice of it j as deem-
ing the Demand not worthy even a Reply. As the Turks are no lefs adroit
at Diffimulation than any others, this lay dormant for fome Years 5 till at
length Hajfan. Bajha had a Letter from his Renegado, at the. Porte, which
gave him no fmall Alarms. He inform'd him, u That Rojlan Bajha, in a
" thundering Tone, had ordered him to let his Matter know, from him,
" that he fhould very fpeedily be obliged to quit not only the Bagnio he
* was fo fond of, but alfo his beloved Algiers.

This MefTage was enough to make our Bajha deem it his beft Way to

b Vide Vol. I. p. 325. * Fide Vol. I. p. 295, & feq. where it is amply treated of.

endeavour

The History a/Algiers. 5$$

endeavour to pacify that dangerous Cormorant: And, getting ready fix
Gallies, September iff i, he fet out for Conflantinople >j from whence he
intended a fpeedy Return : But he fell fhort in his Calculation. The Re*
mainder of his Life and Actions will be related, when, in fucceeding Years,
we fhall find him twice Vice-Roy of this State j which he had hitherto
governed, for full feven Years, with great Tranquillity (bating the afore-
faid Commotions) and univerfal Satisfaction and Applaufe. This Chapter
fhall conclude with what Haedo fays concerning the Deputy Bajha, viz.

Al-Caid Sefer. Khalifa^ or Deputy \

Notwithstanding, fays this Author, HaffanBaJha (tho' he was deceived)
went to the Levant only with a View of returning in few Days, yet, at
his Arrival at Conflantinople , he found it impoffible for him to appeafe his
Oppofer Roftan Bajha, even tho' he gave up to him the Propriety of the
Bagnio in Queftion. The Ba/ba, at his Departure from Algiers, defirous
of leaving in his Place a Perfon who might adminifter with Juftice and
Prudence, made Choice of Al-Caid Sefer, who was, as we obferved above,
left the laft Year Governor ofTremizan: And as that Governor, as a Man
of Conduct and Refolution, had given many Proofs of his Experience and
Abilities, both in War and Peace, and was generally loved and efteemedy
the Bafoa's Choice met with univerfal Approbation. He was a natural
Turk, born at a poor Village in Natolia, of very mean Extraction and
Parentage 5 and came to Algiers from Turky feveral Years before, in Com-
pany with other k Chacah, to feek (as they word it) their Fortunes 5 where
he managed his Matters fo fuccefsfully, that he arrived to thefe Dignities.
It is remarkable, that he governed with fuch Prudence, that in his Time
not one fuffered Death, or even any other corporal Punifhment j than
which nothing is more frequent among thofe People. He raifed from
the Foundation and completed the great Baftion over the Mole-Gate.
In his Time, a very terrible Famine raged throughout the whole Region :
Yet fuch was his Diligence to fupply Algiers with all Sorts of Provifions,

k This is the Word many here corrupt into Jack-all. It is the Creature, fomewhat like a
Fox, faid to accompany the Lion; nor is it a Fable. The haughty Soldiery of the Levant (o
nick-name their Peafants: But I would not advife any of them to give that Epithet to one in
Algerive Pay ; whatever Title he might have to it before.

Vol. II. Bbb that

370 The History */ Algiers.

that while Multitudes of Souls were every where elfe periihing daily of
mere Want, the Inhabitants of that City wallowed in Abundance. He
governed this State about feven Months, viz. from September iffi to
April i ff z, when he was obliged to refign his Seat to Salba Rats, of
whom we are next to treat.

About ten Years after died Al-Caid Sefer, aged fifty two, being then
Governor, or Al-Caid 01 Tennez*, which State (at the Dcccufc of the old
Mulatto Prince, Hamida Al-Adbd, fo often mentioned) had revolved to
the Turks of Algiers, as had been flipulated. He was not very tall of Sta-
ture, but extremely well-fet and.robuft, or rather inclinable to be fat and
corpulent* His Complexion was fwarthy, and his Beard very thick and
bufhy. He left no Children -, but had a younger Brother, named Al-Caid
Diud, whom he had brought from the Levant when a Stripling, and who,
for Wealth and Reputation, was the firft Al-Caid in the whole Algerine
Territory -, ] and efpoufed Haji\ only Daughter. This Sefer lies interred,
among feveral of the other principal Algerines, under a fmall Cupola, with-
out the Weftern Gate, called Beb-al-fFeyd.

C H A P. VIII.

Basiia V. SalhaRais. The firjt Arab yice-Roy of

Algiers.

r I "'HE imperious and rapacious Roftan, being an Enemy too potent
. - ,M for Hajfan Bajba to cope with, and too vindictive to be pacified,
even by Conceflions, the Vice-Royalty of Algiers was given to Salba
Rais.

: This Bajha was a natural Arab, born at Alexandria in Egypt j and, ex-
cept Arab Abamed, was the only Governor of that Nation, I dare, be j>o-
fitive, the Algerines ever had, or ever will have again : Efpecially fince
they have {haken-off their fuch immediate Dependence on the Grand

J Vide Vol. I. p, 240.

Signor

The Historv ^/Algiers. 37t

Signor: For now they will not fubmit even to a Renegado, tho' one of
their own Corps; fo much is the Cafe altered with them: But of thofc
Affairs elfewhere. Yet certainly, no Fault was to be found with this brave
and gallant Man ; as will evidently appear. Befides, he had been brought
up by the Turks, as one of them 5 having been taken in his Youth
when the Ottomans conquered his paternal Country, and overthrew the
Mamaluc Empire, A. D. if 17. And for many Years he was a very par-
ticular Favourite of Heyradin Barba-rojfa; and fomc Mention has been
made of him in the Life of that Bajha*.

When Heyradin went up to the Levant, and was made Captain Bajha,
this Salha Rais accompanied him, and was conftantly one of his Prime
Counfellors in all Affairs of Importance. Afterwards he was advanced to
the honourable and advantageous Employ of Timonero, or Coxon to the
Grand Signor, whofe Bufinefs is to fleer his Barges, or Pleafure-Boatsj
which Poll is never bellowed on any but great Favourites. As Roftan
Bajha had appeared fo vigoroufly in Prejudice of Barba-roja's Son, Sul-
tan Suliman gratified that his Favourite Son-in-Law by depofing him;
and in Regard to the many Services and great Abilities of Salha Rais, he
figned his Commiflion for the important Vice-Royalty of Algiers ;
where near the End of April, iff 2, the new Bajba arrived with ten
Cralhes.

He had not been many Days there, (where he was very well known and
liked of) but News came that the Sultan or King oiTuggurt had rebelled;
refilling to remit the accuflomary Tribute of fifteen Black She- Slaves.
This Prince pofTeiTes a Territory (abounding, with the befl Dates, having
one very ancient and no inconfiderable City, and upwards of thirty large
Towns and Villages; lying South and fomewhat Eaflerly more than twenty
Days March from Algiers, crois the Numidian Defatts. My SpaniJIo Au-
thors make it if o 'Leagues ; which are about 600 of our Miles b . Not
to enter here upon any more Particulars of this Place, we come only to
what regards Salha Rais, in this his firit Expedition, as BaJJja of Algiers.

A. D. iff 2. Five Months after his Arrival, viz. at the Beginning of
O&ober, he fet out with 3060 Turki/lo Infantry, ioco Spahis, and only
two Pieces of Cannon, according to Haedox but Marmol fays three; and

1 1 1 1

a Vol. I. p. 291. b In the Time of Arouje Barba-rojfa (tho' I ioigot to infert it) the

Weftern 'Turks got Footing in thofc r&r^ by a bufe. Wile I (hall mention, when I treat more
mimnch' oftfieir Acquifirfori:. '

B b bi 2 . adds.

57i The History of Algiers.

adds, that be/ides this Force, he had 8000 Arabs, and was accompanied
by Abdalaztz, Prince of Bent' Abbas (the braveft African of his Time,
and of whom more fhall be faid) with 1 800 of his Highlanders on Foot,
all bearing Fire- Arms, and 1600 Horfe 3 all the Baggage was carried on
an infinite Number of Camels, without which, as has been obferved, there
would be no Poffibility of traverfing thofe arid Defans j and the Cannon
were drawn by Moors. The Bajha kept his Defigns very fecret, as in-
tending, if poffible, to furprhe that Moorijb Prince unawares 5 as it actually
happened: For thofe oiTuggurt had not the leaft Notice of his Approach
till the Turkijh Banners appeared at a few Leagues Diftance. That Prince,
a Youth of fourteen, wholly unprovided of a Force fufficient to meet
fuch Vifitors in the Field, was in a terrible Fright j and, by the Advice of
his Preceptor, who was chief Judge of the Realm, caufed the City Gates
to be chained up j as imagining he might well enough (land an Attack,
and hold out, till relieved by his own Vaflals, and the neighbouring
Arab Tribes, who bore the domineering Turks a mortal Hatred.

For three Days continually, Salha Rats battered the Walls, and on the
fourth gave an AfTault and carried the Town, with great Slaughter of the
Inhabitants. The young King, being made Prifoner, was brought before
the Bajba, and asked, w How he durft be a Tray tor to the Grand Signor,
<c and lift his Arm againft his awful Banner?" He laying the whole Blame*,
upon the Cadi, or Judge, his Preceptor, without whofe Concurrence, he
laid, nothing was, or could be tranfacted, the poor Cadi was inftantly lent
For* when the Fads were all proved to his Face, with the Aggravation
of his having, indefatigably, flirrcd up the People, exhorting them to fight
the Turks, and, by Way of Encouragement, affirming, that whoever
flew one of thofe Infidels would be intitled to the fame Reward in the
other World as he would be in killing a Chrifiian. Upon this Salha Rats
ordered the officious Zealot to a Cannon > to which being fattened, he was
blown piece-meal into the Air. Such Counfel, fuch Recompcnce. The
furviving Inhabitants, being about 12000, were all fold as Slaves to any
who would purchafe them 5 and the plundered City was left quite de-
folate.

From thence, taking with him the young Captive Prince, and many
other Chiefs, he let out for Wargala, another Numidian Sovereignty
much refembling Tuggurt, about forty Spa'nijb Leagues farther South j that
Prince having, likewife, refufed his annual Tribute to the Turks, of thirty

1 Blacks

The History ^Algiers. 37$

Blacks, moflly Females. Arriving there, he found that large City utterly
abandoned, except by forty rich Negro Merchants, who came thither to
traffic, and were obliged to wait all Events, as having been robbed of
their Camels by the Fugitives. With thefe the Bajha compounded for
the Amount of 200000 Ducats in Tibber, or Gold Dull, and then fee
them at Liberty : And being informed, that the King of Wargala, with
4000 Horfe, was retired to a ftrong Place, named AUCala, fituate on a
Mountain, feven Days Riding (reckoned fifty Spanifi Leagues) farther
within the Libyan Defarts, on the Borders of ALthiopia inferior , or Negro-
land, he difpatched a Courier, on a c Dromedary, to that Prince, alluring
him upon the Ottoman Emperor's Head (a great Oath among the Orientals)
and his own Word of Honour, not to offer the lead Injury, for that Time,
either to himfelf or any of his People 5 but that he, and every one of his
Followers and VafTals, might return to their refpec~bive Abodes in all Safety^
and there remain unmolefted > (till provided they never again refufed duly
remitting the agreed-on Tribute: For upon the firft Omiffion of that
Nature, they might depend upon another fuch Vifit, to convince them
and all the World, that the Turks of Algiers are not a People to be trifled
with. They came} and he kept his Word inviolably.

Having finifhed his Affairs there, Salba Rais again bent his Courfe
North : And paffing by Tuggurt, he releafed the young Prince and moft of
the Prifoners ; and obliged him and fome of the principal Men to take
an Oath of Fidelity to the Turks, and conftantly to pay them their juft
Tribute} which the Sovereigns of both thofe States continue ftill to
do, notwithstanding their great Remotenefs within fuch Defarts. Marmot
fays, the Bajha carried to Algiers fifteen Camels Load of Gold, befides
much other rich Spoil j adding, that he left a Garrifon of Algerines at
each of thofe Numidian Cities. Whatever was done then I cannot af-
firm, either pro or con: But certain it is, that, for many Years pad, nei-
ther of thofe Cities have had any Turkijh Garrifons } and an Officer, under
the Eaft ward Bey's Direction, goes every Winter to Tuggurt ( but fcarce
ever to Wargala) and from thence brings the forty five Blacks : The Title
of this Officer is Al-Caid alHedeya, He commonly refides at Bifcara-, of
which Numidian City, where the Algerines have long maintained a conflant
Garrifon, fome Notice may be taken in a more proper Place. Hedeya in Ara~

* ' W iiW !>! 111 M ii i lW J. WI III '

j VideYol. L p. 101, & feq.

bii

$74 2#<? ttlSTO.RV Of ALCltK^Z

bk fignifies no other than a Prefentj by which it might feem as if the
Donors mean that annual Remittance only as fiich* tho' the Receivers
'count and demand it as a Tribute. In his Way home this Bafha built the
now neglected Caftle at Mefila-y of which Place hereafter.

A. D. iff 3. This Summer S alb a Rats went on Cruife with a ilout
Fleet of forty Gallies, Galecti and Brigantines, exceedingly well-manned
and appointed. Coming fudcienly upon the Ifland Mayor ca, hejnftantly
landed a confiderable Body of Turks, with View of fweeping off the Inha-
bitants of a Village or two, as ufual in fome of thofe Expeditions. But
the Alarm reaching the Capital, a good Number of the Militia, led on by
the Gentry and others on Horfe-back, came up with thofe Free-Booters*
before they could do much Mifcbief. A fmart Difpute enfued, in which,
fays Haedo, the Wanders, with very little Lofs, left dead on the Spot near
j"oo of the Corfairs. Among the Slain none was fo much regretted as a
certain bold Renegado Captain of a Galley, named Toufouf Rais, who was
highly efteemed by all, and moft dearly beloved by his Patron the Admiral
Haji iVetti.

The Bajba perceiving how little Good was to be expected there, made
over to the Spanijb Continent , but his Fame flying before him, and the
great Force he brought (Inking univerfal Terror, he approached not
one Part of the whole Coaft but be found it guarded. Thus difappointed
every where, he (truck down to the Streights Mouth, and there fell in
upon five Portuguefi Frigats of War, and a Brigantine, newly come from
Lisbon, with MuUi Abou-Haan, King of Bedefs (corruptly called Velez
by the Spaniards) whom the King of Portugal had furniftied with that
Squadron^ on Board which were feveral Companies of Veterans, to favour
his Pretentions to the Throne of Fez. Thofe Wars arc largely treated
of by Marmoly but are not fo much to our Purpofe.

It was a dead Calm, and confequently the Ships had no Motion 5 info-
jnuch that they were inftantly furrounded by the Algeria Fleet, and, after
a very furious Difpute, entered and taken : For the Portuguefe, feveral
Times cleared their Ships, and for three Hours madea'very brave Defenfej
nor did they furrender till the Majority were (lain, and almofi: all the Sur-

ors grievouily wounded. Among the Prilbners were the faid Meori.fi
Prince, and about twenty of his African Followers.

With thefe Prizes Salba Rats went to that fmall rocky Tfland, lyingjbe-

fore the City of Bedefs, called by Spanijb Writers, El Penon de Felez.

ft', i The

7 he History ^Algiers. 375

The Governor, who held that mod important Fortrefs for the King of
Fez, was named Al-Caid Moufa; who underftanding the Bajba of Algiers
to be there in Pcrfon, accompanied by the rightful Proprietor of the Parts
he governed, whether feized with a pannic Fear, or in order to ingratiate
himfelf with Mulei Abou-Hajfan, whofe bitter Enemy he had always been,
and in whofe Behalf he fancied the Turks were come, fent to make a Ten-,
der of not only that Fortrefs (which he fo eafily might have defended
againft ten fuch Fleets j there being but one mod difficult Way to afcend
the Rock, by which they can march but one a-Breaft) but likewife the
City of Bedefs itfelf, whereof he was alfo Governor. But this Offer was
generoufly refufed by Salba Rais j who obligingly thanked him for his
good Will, faying j That, being in Alliance with his Fezzan Majefty,
he came not thither to violate that Peace, by taking PofTeftion of any Pare
of his Territory : Adding, with a Munificence worthy himfelf, that far
from any fuch Defign, he touched there purely to make a Prefent to his
faid Matter of thofe Prizes, he had newly taken, with all their Cannon,
CsrV. and farther to ferve the King of Fez, he would take with him to
Algiers that Prince, his Capital Foe and Competitor, who had been roam-
ing about Chriftendom, to ftir up even thofe avowed Enemies of his Creed
and Perfon, to furnifti him with the Means of depriving him of both
Realm and Lifej notwith (landing the advantageous Proffers that Prince
was making him, if he would efpoufe his Caufe: And that, all the Return he
required at the hands of the King of Fez was, that he would honour him with
his Friendihip, and not fuffer his Subjects to moleft the Kingdom of Tremi-
zan, then appertaining to the State of Algiers, by attempting to pafs its
Boundary, the River Mtylwia, with any Body of Troops capable of dis-
turbing the Peace, or giving Umbrage. And fo, injoining him to deli-
4 ver that Meffage to the King of Fez, and leaving the Flights, with all
the fine Brafs Cannon, he returned to Algiers.

Before we proceed, it may not be improper to fay fomething of thermal
Extirpation of the ancient Zeyan Family, which, for fo many fucceeding
Ages, had. enjoyed the once noble Kingdom of tremizan ; which in a fore-
going Page we faid was become an Algerim Province, as it ft ill continues.
My Author is Marmol.

According to this Writer, the Turks again reft o red that Realm to the
fame Prince whom the three Al-Caids had forced to feck Refuge at Oran- 9
tho' Haedo is filent. It is true his Sovereignty was limited by a Turktfo

Garrifon.

376 The HrsTORV of Algiers^

Garrifon. His Words are to this Effect. From thence- forwards Mulei
Hamed aben Zeyan remained King otTremizan, and reigned peaceably, till
he died of the Peftilence. He continued always in Amity with Hajfan
Aga \_Bafoahe mould havefaid] Governor of Algiers, and afterwards with
Salha jRais who fucceeded him. Hamed aben Zeyan being dead [he fays
not when] Salha Rats made his Friend Mulei Hajfan, Brother to that
Prince, King of Tremizan , on Condition, that he ihould deliver into his
Pofleflion the FortrefTes of the Kingdom. To this he confented 9 and
the Turks placed Garrifons in the Citadel of Tremizan, and in the other
Strong- Holds. But about four Years after, upon finding the Turks,
with exceflive Arrogance, infolently domineering over the whole Country,
and committing innumerable Beaftialities and Diforders, he repented what
he had donej and defirous of remedying it by expelling them, he began
to treat of thefe Affairs with the Count De Alcaudtte, Governor- General
of Oran, But while this was in Agitation, the Turks, taking Wind of
it, alarmed the Arabs abroad and the Citizens at home, by infinuat-
ing to them, that Mulei Hajfan was about to re-introduce the Cbriflians
into Tremizan, again to deftroy it. Upon thefe Rumours the People grew
outrageous j and fo terrified him with their Menaces, that, being fenfible
his own Vaflals were confpiring againft his Life, in order to put the Turks
in abfolute Pofleflion of the Realm, he fled to Oran, with his whole Family :
Where, having remained three Years, contriving how to bring about his
Restoration, he was carried off by a contagious Diftemper , leaving only
one Son, fix Years of Age, who turned Chrijlian, and was named Don
Carlos } on whom his Catholic Majefty, Don Philip II, afterwards be-
llowed certain Lands, in Caftile, for his Subfiftence. Thus Marmol y who
Teems moft out in fome Points of Chronology, as will farther appear from
what is faid by Haedo. As to the Bulk of the Narrative, I take it to
be Fact.

What he fays of Turkijh Arrogance and Beaftiality, nothing is truer;
of all which many Inftances fhall be given. In Anfwer to fuch as fpeak
in a Turk's Commendation, the Arab and African Peafants have a common
Saying : viz. " Since you like him fo well, take him Home with you."
To return to Salha Rais.

He had not been at Algiers above three Months, when News arrived,
that a great Body of Tingitanians had pafled the River Mulwia, and were
.committing Hostilities in the Wcflern Province. It is difputed, whether

The History <?/ Algiers. 377

by the Sheriffs Order, or Connivance, or that thofe Troops were only
Free-Booters. Nay, according to the Spanijb Writers, fome wholly de-
nied the Fact itfelf j alledging that Report to have been only an Artifice
of the Bajha of Algiers, whofe Eyes were dazzled by the mighty Offers
made him by his Prifoner. All I can fay to it is, that fuch a Procedure
little agrees with the reft of his Character. But be it this Way or that,
he refolved on a War with the Sheriff and emploied the whole Winter in
making Preparations for that Expedition.

A. D. ifj*4. Very early this Year, Salha Rats, accompanied by Mulei
Abou-Hajfan, fet out Weft ward, with 6000 Turkijh Infantry {Marmol
fays but 4000) 1000 Spahis and twelve Field-Pieces. In the Way he was
joined by 4000 choice Arab Cavalry, and with a good Number of High-
landers, likewife Cavalry, fent him by the King ofCucco-, which Prince,
as well as the Turks, was then at War with the King of Bent- Abbas : But
of thofe Particulars more anon. To take Care of the Ordinance, the Bajha,
from among all his Slaves, had culled out eighty of the ftouteft and moft
able Men, to whom he promifed Liberty, if they conducted them fafe to
Fez-, which Promife he afterwards punctually performed.

Befides this Land-Army, he fent, by Sea, twenty two Gallies and Ga-
leots, excellently well provided 5 with Orders to put into a certain Ha-
ven about eight Miles from Melilla, and 1 20 from Fez j that in Cafe any
Difgrace befel the Army, they might have thofe Veflels there at Hand
for a Retreat.

Salha Rats arriving, with the Camp, at the City Tejfa, or Tedfa, about
eighty Miles fhort of Fez, he there came up with the Sherif, who waited
his coming at the Head of 40000 Horfe and as many Foot.

But our brave Bajha, nothing difmayed at Sight of this numerous Army,
determined on the Attack : Indeed, he had fome Dependence on feveral
Al-Caids in the Sheriff Camp, whofe Letters, both to himfelf and Mulei
Abou-Hajfan, affined them, that, upon their firft Advance, they would
infallibly ihift Sides : And fome of them did fo. For the Battel was fcarce
begun, but they wheeled about, and joining the Turks, the Sherif was
put to Flight, with confiderable Damage.

After this Victory, Salha Rais entered Tedfa, where he was well re-
ceived. There leaving 200 Turks, he hafted to Fez, where the Sherif
again recruited, lay incamped expecting him, clofe by the Wall of New-
Fez, by the Burial-Place. The Ttngitanian Army being again vvorfted,
Vol. II. C c c the

378 the History of Algiers.

the Sherif retired precipitately into the City, and was (o warmly purfued
by the Turks, that the Bajha of Algiers entered one Gate at the very In-
ftant when the King of Fez was Tallying out at the oppofite one, in or-
der to efcape to Morocco. That Divifion of this Metropolis which is called
New-Fez, was totally pillaged by the Algerines, who found therein an im-
menfe Booty : And they being about to do the like Favour to the Jews
Quarter, which is feparated by a Wall from the reft of the City, thofe
People wifely compounded vriih.SaJba Rats for 300000 Ducats: And be-
caufe two Janifaries, notwithstanding that Compofition, broke into the
Juderia, with a Deflgn to plunder, the Bafha inftantly caufed them to be
hanged up over the Gate of the faid Juderia, or Jews Quarter. All this
happened in March.

I remember to have read in a Spanijb Hiftorian ( Diego de Torres, if I
miftake not) that the Jews of that City appeared in the Gate- Way of their
Quarter, with what Weapons came to Hand, relblutely determined to de-
fend their Houfes and Families j which chiefly prevailed on the Bajha to
compound with them : And, that afterwards, many Jews fared very indiffe-
rently,for theirVanity and Imprudence, in upbraiding the Moorijh Inhabitants
witH the Dilhonour of their Wives and Daughters, as well as Lofs of Goods,
as wholly occafioned by their Pufillanimity and Want of a like Refolution.
One would think, out of mere Policy, and for Self-Prefervation, that mb-
tile, temporizing People might have known better j fince among the Moors,
and more particularly thofe of the Tingitana, they are far from- being allow-
ed to be fo impertinent, or to aflume any of the Liberties they do among
fome Chriftians.

Mutei Abou-Hajfan was proclaimed King of Fez: And, as a Gratificati-
on to Salha Rats, he paid down what he called bis Table- Money, at the
Rate of 3000 Meticals, or Gold- Ducats per Diem, reckoning from the
Day of his leaving Algiers: And to all the Turkijb Soldiers he not only gave
them their ufual Pay, but likewife a very liberal Over-plus j as to the
Officers he magnificently diftributed among them other very valuable
Prefents, befides Horfcs, Mules and Camels for themfelves and the rich
Baggage they had amafTed in that Campaign.

Haedo takes particular Notice of one generous Action of this Bajha,
and terms it a Royal Courtefy. The Sheriffs chief Wife, and two of his
young Daughters, falling into his Hands, he not only caufed them to be
mod nobly ferved, with all poflible Honour and Refpec~b 3 but alfo fent
them to him at Morocco, well guarded and attended. After

The History ^/Algiers. 3 7 j

After all this, he flayed at Fez itill a Month longer, fettling the Affairs
of that Realm for the new King, and reconciling to him many powerful
Al-Caids and other important Perfons. When prefuming him to be fe-
cure on his Throne, he departed homewards, marching very deliberately,
and making fome Stay at Tremizan, Mofiaganem and Ttnmz\ where hav-
ing left all Matters relating to the Public in very good Order, he return-
ed in Triumph to Algiers. .

When the before- mentioned Jl-Caid Moufa, Governor of Bedefs, heard
of thofe Revolutions, and greatly fearing Mulei Abou-FIaJjan, as having
greatly offended him, he initantly abandoned the impregnable Fortrefs El-
Penon. This was no fooner underftood by the Algerine Squadron, near
Melilla, but thofe Corfairs, thinking that Opportunity too good to be
neglected, immediately weighed, and took PorTeffion, as not meeting with
one Oppofer; leaving in it a Garrifon of 2,00 Turks: For which notable
Piece of Service they were by Salha Rais courteoufly thanked and liberally
gratified. The Algerine Turks held that Place till 15*64, when it was taken
by Philip II, King of Spain, as mall be obferved.

A* D. iffj*. This Year Salha Rais, in Perfon, took the Maritime
City of Bujeya from the Spaniards: Of which Exploit take the following
Particulars. Frequent Mention has been made of this City, but efpecially
in the Life of Arouje Barba-roffa 5 who was there twice repulfed and loft
an Arm. It was taken by Don Pedro Navarro, from the Moors, in if 10,
Toon after the lame General took Oran, as he did much about the fame
Time, divers other Places on the Coaft of Barbary.

In June the BaJIja fet out by Land with a Camp of only 3000 Turks-,
fending by Sea two Gallics, a great Bark and a French Saetia, with twelve
Battering Cannon and two very large Pedreros, with a fufficient Quantity
of all neceflary Provifions and Ammunitions. The Reafon why he fent fo
fmall a Naval Force, was becaufe, juft at that Junfture, the Prior of Capua.
was arrived at Algiers, with twenty four French Gallies, and Letters from
the Grand Signor j the Purport whereof was, to injoin Salha Rais to fur-
nilli that General with all the Gallies and Men he could poffibly fpare, in
Favour of Francis I, King of France, who was embroiled in a furious War
with Philip II, the new King of Spain. In Confeqnence whereof, the
Bajha gave the faid Prior twenty two large and well-provided Gallies and
Galeors, full of Janifaries, with good Store of fine Artillery and all other
Neceflaries: Tho' of all this Marmol mentions not one Word* but, in-

Ccci flead

3$o The History of Algiers.

flead thereof, affirms Salba Rais to have gone againft Bujeya with a Fleet
of twenty two Gallies, by Sea, and more than 40000 Men, by Land, of
which Number 10000 bore Fire- Arms: And that his going was at the
particular Inftigation of an African Saint, whofe Name was Sidi Maham-
mad Al-Haji. This laft Article is, indeed, likely enough , for the fantti-
fied People of Africa are not a Jott lefs prone to Mifchief, and to fet Folks
together by the Ears, than they are eliewhere. But as to the reft, fince
we have the Authority of another very good Spaniard, I mean Haedo, who,
apparently, feems to have been, many Years, a Captive at Algiers, and to
have made thefe Affairs fo much his Bufinefs, in my humble Opinion, it
fmells very much as if the other Spaniard envied the Algerines the Honour
of wrefting from the Spaniards that important Place, with only Part of their
Forces. I would nor, willingly, pafs a wrong Judgment j yet cannot help
thinking it looks fomewhat like it. If Marnuil did not, purpofely and in-
vidioufly^w* this material Article, I heartily crave his Pardon : Perhaps,
it never came to his Knowledge. But this we all know, that the French and
the Turks were, all along, as much Cater-Coufins as they have been ever
fince, or as either of them could have defired.

In his Way to Bujeya (diftant from Algiers, due Eaft, thirty Spanifh
Leagues) Salba Rais was joined by upwards of 30000 Arabs and Africans,
a good Number of thefe laft fent him by the King of Cucco : For thofe Peo-
ple are ever prompt to hurry, in Sholes, on Expeditions like this, which they
deem meritorious. When he arrived at that City, with his Camp, and had got
a-fhore his heavy Artillery, &c. he made no Delay, but foon planted two
Batteries > one of fix Cannon, on the Eminence over the Town (juft in
the Way by which they afcend the Mountain, at whofe Foot Bujeya lies
fituate) againft the Imperial Caflle, as it was called, built fome Years be-
fore, on the Brow of another Eminence, by Charles the Emperor 3 the
other Battery, of the remaining fix Cannon and the two Pedreros, was
formed againft the Caftle, at the Mouth of the Port, called El Vergellete :
Of this he took himfelf the Direction , and the other he left to the Care
and Management of Al-Caid Toufouf, a Renegado Greek.

The Cannonading was fcarce begun, when a Spanifh Galeon arrived
with a Supply of Soldiers, Provifions and Money to pay and fupply the
Garrifon : But it was foon funk by the Cannon from the Bajba's Battery.
On the eighth Day, El Vergellete being rendered in a Manner indefenfible,
and the beft Part of 100 Soldiers who defended it being killed, the reft

z were

The History a/Algiers. 381

were obliged to retreat to the Town: As were, fix Days after, the Refi-
due of thofe in Garrifon in the Imperial Cajlle ; neither of which Fortreffes
were able long to refill the Fury of the Turkijh Cannon, which, fays my
Author Haedo, were very large.

Thefe Caftles gained, Salha Rais deemed himfelf Matter of the Place, as
did the Chrijlians give up their felves for loft. Whereupon the Bajba fenc
to the- Spanijh Governor, named Don Alonfo de Peralta, a Gentleman of a
great Family in Spain-, putting him in Mind of his Infufficiency to make
a much longer Defenfe, confidering the Crazinefs of the City Walls 3 ac
the fame Time, offering him reafonable Conditions upon his immediate
Surrendry. After feveral Meflages, the Bajha condefcended that he Ihould
chufe forty Perfons whom he pleafed, (Marmol fays but twenty, and that
Salha Rais had promifed Liberty to all the Inhabitants) and with them
imbark, for Spain, on the French Veflel. But Don Alonfo enjoyed not long
the Fruits of thofe Conditions j for King Philip caufed his Head to be
taken off, fome few Months after his Arrival.

To prevent Diforders, the Bajha commanded, on Pain of immediate
Death, that no Turk, or other, ftiould prefume to enter the City with him,
except thofe he fhould appoint : And, the late Governor and his Company
being got fafe Aboard, the Bajha rode into the Town, well guarded %
where he found 400 Men, 120 Women and about 100 Children} all
which were made Captives. The Spoil of this City was very rich} and
the Turks alfo recovered the funk Galeon, and found therein fome Barrels
of Money, to the Amount of 12000 Ducats. Of the Booty and Captives
Salha Rais made liberal Diftribution among the moft deferving of his
Turks and Moors: When leaving at B ujeya a Renegado Sardinian, named
Al-Caid All, Sardo, with 400 Turks, he returned, by Land to Algiers j
having firft fent away the Galeon, and his other Shipping, richly laden with
the Spoils of that Place, which had been thirty five Years pofTefled by the
Spaniards. This whole Expedition took up Salha Rais'yib two Months,
from his Setting out to his Return to Algiers.

Tho' Marmol, almoft every where elfe, in Exploits againft Mujfitlmam,
paints out this tough old Bajha as a Leader of moft confummate Bravery and
Conduct, yet here, agitated with a true Catholic Zeal, he aims at reprefenting
him as a faithlefs Pagan. The more generous Haedo makes no fuch At-
tempt} but in very many Places, feems, with a ftricl: Regard to Truth, to
give every one his juft Due: Nay, in a Word, feems not as if he wrote to

pleafe

3$* The History of Algiers.

pleafe any but himfelf. And, indeed, why fhould the Truth ever give Of-
fence! But no Good is to be done, with fome Sort of People, if they are
not humoured^ by playing the Sycophant: Which, however tolerable to
he practifed towards froward Children, or connived at towards pamper-
ed, whimfical Females, fhould, methinks, be deemed wholly beneath the
Dignity of irately, lordly Man!

Juft by this City, towards the Eaft, runs into the Mediterranean a large
River, named Al ff'eyd al-Kebfr, i. e. The Great River ; tho' it has a Title
to that Name only after great Floods of Rain ; the Waters then rowling
down from the adjacent Mountains, in impetuous Torrents. In Summer
and good Part of Autumn, if a dry Seafon, it carries fcarce any Water at
all 5 and then the Great River's forfaken Bed is only to be feen. Tho' it
abounds with excellent Fifh, they are quite neglected by the lazy Inhabi-
tants 5 who are plentifully furnifhed, at eaGer Rates and in greater Variety,
by their kind Neighbour, the Sea. When Bujeya belonged to the Spa-
niards, the Natives acquaint us, that, even when fulleft with Water, no
Veflels, of any Sort whatever, could enter this River; fo was its Mouth
guarded by a Bank of Sand ; but that the very Winter after this Place was
taken by Salba Rats, the Seafon proved fo exceflively rainy, th.it the Vi-
olence of the Stream carried it clear away ; infomuch that it left free Ad-
mittance even to Ships of confiderable Burden, where they may lie out of
all Danger of Weather, except fome oblique Blafts of vehement North
Winds, by Reverflon, as it were, from thofe impending Highlands. This
is the River that runs between the mountainous Regions of Beni- Abbas
and Zwouwa, or the Kingdom of Cucco, fo often mentioned ; leaving this
laft to the North and that to the South, In fome Parts of the Country
thro' which it takes its Courfe, the Name varies, as ufual to manypther
Rivers; being called the River Summan, the River of Bujeya , &c.

Soon after this Conqueft, viz. at the Beginning of September this Year,
ifff, Salba Rais fent the Ottoman Emperor, and his chief Favourites, moft
magnificent Prefents of beautiful Slaves, with other valuable and curious
Donatives. Thefe were accompanied with the Account of his late Expe-
dition, and a Requeft to that Monarch, that, the Year following, he
might be fupplied with a Fleet from the Levant, wherewith, in Conjunction
with his own Forces, that bold Bajha promifed to reduce Or an and d Mar fa

*FiJeVt>\. I. p. 332.

Al-KeHr

7 he History ^/Algiers.' 3 S3

Al-Kebir, and expel, from thofe fo important maritime Places, their avow-
ed Enemies the Spaniards. And the better to negociate this Affair, Salba
Rais deputed his only Son, named Mahamcd, who was afterwards Rajhn
of Algiers.

This being very well relifhed by his Ottoman Highnefs, forty Gallies
were ordered expeditioufly to be got ready againft the fucceeding Summer,
with 6000 Turkijh Soldiers j that Number being all Salba Rais required.
Mean while great Preparations were making at Algiers; tho' the Occafion
was kept very private.

A. D. iff6\ Early in May this Year, the faid Squadron of Gallies

fet out from Conflantinople, and in about thirty Days got down to Bujeya.

And as the Bajba of Algiers had timely Notice of their Departure from

the Levant^ he was in fuch a Pofture, that the Moment News came of

their being within Sight of that his Ute Conqueft, he hafted away from

the Harbour of Algiers, with thirty ftout and well-appointed Gallies and

Galeots, on which were upwards of 4000 Janifaries-, and that he did for

two Reafons : One, to endeavour, if poflible, to exempt the Levantines

from being infected with the peftilential Contagion, which then raged at

Algiers with the utmoft Violence : The other, as a Blind, to keep, as long

as he could, the Enemy in Ignorance of his Defigns. With thefe Views he

rowed away for t< Temendefuft', fending Notice thereof to the Leaders of that

Squadron, requiring them to repair thither. " But, fays the now zealous

<c F. Haedo (for I cannot forbear uiing his own Words, being fo- much

like what I fometimes condemn in MarmoT) " he had not reached that

" Harbour, when the juft and provident Judgment of GOD, who, ac

<c that Juncture, was pleafed to deliver the City of Oran from fo cruel a

" Tyrant, fuddenly fmote him with a very terrible Plague-Sore in his

< c Groin, which in four and twenty Hours carried him off > no Remedies

<c availing." The Spanijh Words, which are here rendered carried bimoff^

are le arranco la Alma ; i. e. tore bis Soul out. This by Way of Tafte. He

continues to the following Tenor.

The whole Fleet was feized with the deepeft Concern and Confterna-
tion at the Lois of this Perfon : And, returning inftantly to Algiers, they
interred him without the Gate called ife^-a/-/^*/, among the other Bajhas,
in a Sepulcher very near the Sea, over which his own brave Renegado and

\ Vide Vol. I. p. 302.

1 unfortunate

34 The History of Algiers.

unfortunate Succeflbr, Hajfan Corfo, built a handfome Dome; and which
was, forae Years after, by Mahamed B a/bay his above-mentioned Son, when
he was advanced to that Vice-Royalty, much embellimed and endowed
with a competent Revenue for a Lamp to burn therein continually, and
the Maintenance of a Religious Moor, to pray for the Soul of the Defunct,
with a Captive Chriftian to attend him, to keep clean the faid Sepulcher,
and plant Flowers; " as, adds this f Author, is ftill to be feen."

Salba Rais died at the Age of feventy. He was of a middling Stature,
corpulent and fwarthy. In all his Undertakings he {hewed a confummate
Resolution j and was in War Affairs molt fedulous and ever fuccefsful. He
left but one Son, as we have obferved.

His Wars with the Prince of Beni Abbas are purpofely omitted here,
till we treat fomewhat particularly of that valiant African, and of his Death,
three Years later. Many Hiftorians make great Mention of Salba Rais :
But, to avoid Prolixity, only the mod material Facts are inferted.

CHAP. IX.
Bash a VI. VII. VIII. IX. The unfortunate Hassan

C O R S O. T E K E L L I. Y O U S O U F. A L - C A I D Ya-

h i a. This lafi ^Regent, or Titular V i c e - R o y 3
the fecond a Basha fent from the P o r t e } the others
Algerine Renegadoes, made Bashas by the
Soldiery.

UPON the Death of Salba Rais, the Turks of Algiers unanimoufly
elected, as his Succeflbr till farther Orders from the Ottoman Court,
a very worthy Renegado of the late Bajha's, named Hdjan, a Native of
Corftca and his peculiar Favourite, whom he always held as the fecond

f I am not certain the like is now to be feen. Haedtfs Hiflory was publifhed in 1 61 2 ; tho'
he break* off near twenty Years earlier.

Perfon

The History a/Algiers. 385

Perfon to himfelf. During his Patrols Adminiftration, this Hajfan Corfo,
tho' a young Man, had been Bey-lcr-Bey, or Captain-General of all the
Land-Forccsi and on all Occafions gave the greater!: Proofs, as well of a
rare pcrfonal Bravery, as of a fingular Prudence and Conduct, even in the
weightiest Affaire; infomuch that he was universally eftcemed and dearly
beloved ; more particularly by the Janifaries^ who had ferved under him,
and whofe Hearts he had made his own, not only by his great. Lenity and
affable Difpofition, but alfo by a boundlefs Munificence : Qualities as ac-
ceptable there as elfewhere.

Nor was it without the utmoft Reluctance and inceflant Importunities
that this difinterefted Rcnegado would be prevailed on to accept of the pro-
fered Dignity : Yet the Perfeverance of the whole Body of a People was
not always to be withftood 5 (o, according to Haedo, he was actually com-
pelled to a Compliance. -

On the other Hand, the Levant Fleet, ignorant of the Death of Salha
Rais, Avas come down near Algiers^ and then firit. got Intelligence of what
had happened. The new Bafha received them well: And having entered
into a Confultation with the principal Officers, it was concerted, that they
fhould fend Word of the Bafhtfs Deceafe to the Grand Signor, and pro-
ceed to Oran without waiting his Reply. Accordingly, a nimble Galeot
was difpatehed on that MetTage, and the Camp fet out, confiding of only
6000 Foot and 1000 Horfe,5arf;thd' it was foon joined by a Body of 1 0000
Arab and African Cavalry, and more than 30000, of the fame People, not
mounted. - The 6000 Levant Turks , about thirty Pieces of battering Can-
non, fome of them enormoufly large, with all other Neceflaries, were
fent, by Sea, to Moftaganem, in the feventy Gallies. There landing the
faid Troops and Artillery, they were foon joined by Hajfan Corfb 9 with
his Camp ; who led them directly to Oran.

Not many Days after this vigorous Renegado had begun his Hoftilities
againftthe Out- Works, and before any very considerable Progrefs had been
made (not to mention trivial Skirmimes) the Galeot returned from Con-,
ftantinople, with Orders from the Ottoman Emperor, to Hajfan Corfo and
his Chiefs, that, in cafe they were not already gone to Oran, they fhould
deiifl: from all Thoughts of that Enterprize for the prefentj and even that,
if the Siege was actually commenced, they fhould inftantly raife it and re-
turn : " Becaufe, fays Haedo, the Grand Turk conceived, that flnce the
Vol. H. D d d " Valour

3 36 The History of Algiers.

" Valour and Fortune of Salba Rais were wanting, there could not be
u any Certainty of Succefs in their undertaking that War."

The Perfon who brought thefe unwelcome Orders, was that famous
Renegado Corfair, known in Hiftory under the corrupt Name of Ocbali,
of whom we fhall anon have much Occafion to treat, in the Capacity of
Bajba of Algiers ; and afterwards as Captain- Bajba, or High Admiral of the
Turkijb Emperor's Fleets. Haedo affirms this Injunction to have been ex-
tremely ill received $ " by Reafon that the Turks, fays he, imagined they
t* Should then have infallibly carried their Point 5 there being at thatjunc-
" ture a very weak Garrifon in Or an. But not daring to difobey the
" Grand Signor, they immediately broke up, and, by Sea and Land, as
" they came, returned to Algiers. a The Cafe is much altered with them
flnce, as to their implicit Obedience to that Monarch j as will be made
appear : Nay, we-are jult entering upon a very notable Inftance of their
Difobedience, even in thofe early Times.

Hajfan Corfo, during the fhort Time of his Adminiflration, governed
this State with general Satisfaction and Applaufe : " For, fays this Author,
" it is affirmed by many Turks, Renegadoes and Cbrijlians who knew him,
u that he was a mod worthy Perfonage, exceedingly mild, affable and
" liberal, and fo far from being an Enemy to the Cbriflians, that he bore
f* a very fingular Affection to them and their Concerns y and this to fuch
" a Degree, that, in all thofe Cafes efpecially, he neither could nor knew
" how to diffemble."

Four Months were not quite expired, when News came to Algiers,
that eight Gallies, from the Levant, had brought down, as far as Tripolyt
a new Vice- Roy to fucceed Hajfan Corfo: And that the Party was a prin-
cipal Turk, of the Grand Signor's Court, whofe Name was Tekelli. My
Author mifcalis him Tbecheoli. Thefe Ty dings gave a general Difcontent;
there not being one Perfon in the whole State whu> was not intirely well
fatisfled with the Procedure of Hajfan Corfo : Infomuch, that the Turks,
of every Condition, forming themfelves into Cabals, came unanimoufly to
a Refolution of not accepting the new Bajba, but of continuing Hajfan
Corfo in his Government } and immediately to acquaint the Sultan, at the
Porte, how they were determined.

This being univerfally decreed, more efpecially by the whole Body of

Fide Vol. L p. 320.

I ~ the

The Histor? of Algiers. 387

the Janifaries, Orders were, in their Names, difpatched away to the Al-
Caids, or Governors of Bona and Bujeya ; ftrictly and peremptorily injoin-
ing them, that if the faid new Vice-Roy fhould put into their Harbour?,
they fhould abfolutely tell him, " That the beft Method he could take
" would be to return forthwith to C 'onji ant in ople ; fince the Janifaries of
" Algiers were unalterably refolved, not to have any other Governor than
" Hajfan Corfo ; and were about writing to the Ottoman Sultan concern-
" ing that their ultimate Refolution :" Adding, " That, in cafe he ftill
" perfiftcd, they fhould fire at him."

Tekelli arriving before Bona, the Al-Caid, who was a Renegado Greek,
named Mufiafa, delivered him the MefTage fent him by the Janifaries ;
which he not regarding, but haughtily expreffing his Indignation, Al-Caid
Mujlafa caufed fome Shot to be made at his Galley ; whereby he was con-
ftrained to depart. The very fame Treatment he met with at Bujeya-, ac
which Place we obferved Salha Rais to have left Governor a Renegado of
Sardinia, whofe Name and Appellation were Al-Caid AH, Sardo.

Notwithstanding thefe unexpected Repulfes, which put him into a very
indifferent Humour, Tekelli infilled on his Point, and bore away for Algiers ;
as not doubting but that he there fhould find Reception. When he came
to Temendefuft, about twelve Miles fhort of that Capital, he fired, as ufual,
the Signal Gun; but was not anfwered, according to Cuftom. This
drove him and all his Followers into a no fmall Confufion and Dis-
content.

At Sight of the Grand Signor's Gallies, the Levents, or Corfairs o Al-
giers, who were then a very numerous Body, began to waver; exprefling
great Diflike and Uneafinefs at thofe violent Refolutions of the Jani-
faries.- We rauft here take Notice, that, till fome Years after this

Time, the Turks of Algiers (Renegadoes and b KuUOglous inclufively) were
two diftincl:, ill-agreeing Bodies, and on very different Eftablifhments.
The Levents, dreading the Confequences of thefe Proceedings, faid to each
other muttering; <c Why fhould we incur the Ottoman Emperor's Difplea-
" fure, and run the Hazard of being declared Rebels? What Bufinefs is
" all this of ours? What Occafion have we to care who is Bafloa of
" Algiers? Or to appear in the Behalf of one Catamite more than of an-
" other? Does the Bafba give us any Pay, as he does to the Janifaries?

b So they call their Sons born in Barban.
' Ddd 1

3 $$ The History 0/ Algiers.

m Or are we allowed any of their Immunities ? True : We enjoy the Sweets
" of roaming the Seas for Spoil} a Privilege they would be glad to par-
*' take with us, provided we could be prevailed on to participate of their
* Toils in Land Expeditions. And for this, are we at all obliged to the
" Bajba ? Shall we not have the fame Advantage whoever has the Bajhalic?
u Inftead of his helping towards our Maintenance, do we not contribute
" to fill his Coffers with the Produce of our Valour and Labour, at the
" Expence of our Blood and Rifque of our Liberty?" With more to this
Effect : But of all thefe Murmurings their Oppofites the Janifaries were
utterly ignorant. And thefe Difputes and reciprocal Pretentions, in which
the Levents were moil obftinate and faulty, long kept thofe two Sorts of
Algerines in a fcarce reconcileable Difcord, till they became incorporated*
fome Time after this, and, as they ftill remain, were fettled upon one and
the fame Footing-, viz. The Levents were entered into the Pay ofjani*
faries, and permitted to enjoy all their Privileges and Immunities, and the
Janifaries might, at Pleafure, go on Cruife in the Gallies and Galeots :
For the Corfairs of Barbary had then no other Shipping ; nor do I find
they built any others, till the Beginning of the laft Century.

It may not be improper here to advance fomething, in particular, con-
cerning this famous Order of Militia, which we and other Europeans cor-
ruptly call Janifaries, and which ought to be pronounced Teni-Tcheri $
adding Jer to the Plural j which Words import New-Band. The Arabs
pronounce it Tengbi-Sheheri.

Sultan Amurad, or Morat I. furnamed Gazzi, or the Conqueror, about
the Year 156ft having inftructcd, in Military Difcipline and the Mufful-
man Creed, a great Number of young Greeks, taken in War, refolved to
form them irite a diftinfb Band of Soldiery, and fent them to Haji Betlajh,
a Perfon highly venerated, by the Turkijh Nation, for hfs pretended Sanctity,
that he might give them his Benediction. The Derwifb blelTed them,
gave them that Appellation, and, cutting off one Sleeve of his Felt Gown>
put it on the Head of their Leader, fo that good Part of it fell back be-
tween his Shouldersj when fmiting him with his open Hand oh the Neck*
faid Teur Teni-Tcberi! Run Janifarj ! A Ceremony faid to be ftill ufed at
their Admiffion. For many Years none were admitted but the Sons of
Cbriftians; now quite otherwile. Their Habit is well-known: And the
ugly Cap, made of Felt, hanging down the Back, which they muft wear at
all Solemnities, is called abfolutely Ketcbay fignifying Felt. Since thofe

Bands

The History of Algiers. $t

Bands of Algerine Militia became one Body, the Levent Drefs is only in Ufe
among the Turkifh Soldiery of Barbary, who abominate all others > as for
the Oriental Habit, they utterly condemn it, as too embarraffing and eflfe- 1
minate: We may particularize in the Topography, To return.

Partly thro' Apprehenfion, but chiefly, as is fuppofed, in Oppofition to
the Janifaries, the Corfairs, or L6vents, agreed among themfelves to in-
troduce Tekelli: To effec~b which they ufed this Stratagem. They infinu-
ated to the Janifaries, that as their Gallies, &c. lay all diiarmed in the Port,
it was to be feared left Tekelli) incenfed at their repulfing him, fhould comej
in the Night, with his eight Gallies, and fet them on Fire 5 which Dif-
after would go a great Way towards the utter Ruin of them all : So that,
provided they (the Janifaries) would take Care of the Town and all other
Affiirs, they themfelves would undertake the Defenfe of the Marine, by
keeping ftrict Watch and Ward, ready armed, aboard their VefTels : To
all which the too credulous Janifaries readily and thankfully contented.
The next Step taken by the infidious, crafty Levents, was to counfel the
unfufpecting Janifaries, to depute fome proper Perfons to acquaint Tekelli
with their unanimous Determination j advifing that Bajha, in the Name
of their whole Body, " That, deflfting from all farther Attempts of fow-
u ing Difcord and Faction among a quiet People, he fhould absolutely and
" immediately depart their Coaft* fifice they were, even to a- Man, per-
M fectly well fatisfied with their prefent Governor."

To deliver this Embafly Admiral c Chuloc offered himfelf. Neither from
this Propofal did the well-meaning Janifaries any way offer to difTentj
but defired him inftantly to fet out. Thedefigning Corfair ufed fuch lit-
tle Diligence in making ready hisGaleot, that it was very near Night before
he departed j having fir 11 concerted his Meafurcs, and left them in Charge
with five Captains. Pretty late within Night Chuloc got to Tekelli-, when
retiring with that Bajha into his Cabbm, he began amain to rail againft
the iniolem Janizaries, and to intimate how intirely well difpofed all the
Levents were in- his Favour} acquainting him, circumstantially, how Mat-
ters were ordered. As all this was very much to the Relifh, of the half-
defponding Tekelli, hefoon agreed with his welcome Gueft on the Manner
they were to proceed: For taking twenty of his principal Officers wclln

c This Author mifcajls hrm Xaloque. The Tnrkijb Word Chhloc implies one who has a?
Urae Hand, or Arm.

armed.

S9Q The History of Algiers.

armed, he went on board Cbuloc's Galeot, Orders being left with the
eight Captains of his Gallies to follow at about a Milediftance. The Night
was dark, fo that the Levant Gallies came rowing after the Galeot unper-
ceived by any in the City;;

It had been agreed on, that, in cafe Tekellr would not drop his Pretentions,
Cbuloc ftiouid fire his middle Gun, as he came pretty near the Mole-Head:
And the Janifaries finding him arrived -without that Signal,, took all for
granted : So that before any ^ne Janifary knew a Syllable of what was in
Agitation, the eight Gallies were under the Peer. Tehlli and his Party,
with Cbuloc at their Head, found the Marine (warming with armed Levents 9
andunoppofed marched up the Caufey to Beb-al-Tzeira (corrupted from
Al-Jexeirat} which is the Mole-Gate, and wljich was already fecured by
the perfidious Corfairs.j tho* I.ftrongly fancy, that to have been the only
Time it wa? ever left all Night open, except during the French Bombard-
ments, as fome (ay, others jdeny : But the deceived Janifaries were, upon
this Occafion, uncommonly credulous.

A few Paces within that Gate, in the Street that leads to the Heart of
the Gity, where the Governor's Palace is (if it merits that Title) was a
large Houle, going up (everal Stone Steps (fince turned into a Barrack
for Soldiers, of which Buildings more in due Place) appointed for the Re-
ception of the new Bajbas, till their PredecefTors evacuated the Palace.
Thither was Tehlli conducted by Cbuloc, under a Guard of more than 300
Mufkets 5 many hundreds more lining that long narrow Street: As for the
Marine, as obferved, it thronged. Immediately the Turks from the Gal-
lies, all in Arms, leaped a-fhore and joined the Levents-, when nothing
was to be heard in the lower Part of the Town, but loud and repeated
Acclamations of, " Long live the Ottoman Sultan! TekeUU Tekelli/"

Thefe unexpected Shouts rouzing the Janifaries^ they came running,
from all Quarters, towards the Marine. But finding how Affairs flood, the
Streets full of lighted Matches in the Mufkets, they flunk away in the
greateft Confufion and Confirmation imaginable: Not that they could
eafily be perfuaded to the Belief of the Levant Gallies being already got in-
to the Port, and TekeUi actually within the City. But being convinced,
they prudently took the Advice of their very Betrayers, and retired.

TekeUi perceiving, to his no fmall Satisfaction, that he had.little farther
to apprehend from the lately fo determined Janifaries, dark as it (till was,
he marched directly to the Palace, attended by at leaft 2000 Fire- Locks.

7he HiSTdRY ^Algiers: 391

At the Porch he found Hajfan Corfo, advancing to meet and welcome him *
and who refpe&fullyexcufed himfelf, as not having done any one thing, to
difoblige him, thro' Choice, but mere Compulfion: To all which, not ad-
mitting his Excufes, Tekelli returned only a difdainful, angry Look, and
ordered him to be ftriclly fecured. From hence we may date Hajfan
Corfo's fliort Adminiftration,. which lafted not quite four Months. We
fhall foon hear his tragical End,, which happened a few Days after 5 and
how it was revenged.

This worthy Renegado (iffome People will allow any of his Cloth wor-
thy that Epithet) was in his thirty eighth Year, of a moderate Stature,
brown Complexion, fine large Eyes, and his Nofe aquiline. He left no
Children. He lies inhumed tinder a handlbme Dome, or Cupola, near that
of his Patron Salha Rais, which was, not long after his miferable Death,
erected for him by. Toufouf, his own Renegado, and generous Avenger.

Tekelli Bash a.

Morning was fcarce open, when the vindictive Tekelli, thus become Ma-
tter of Algiers, gave orders for the immediate departure of two Gallies, one
for Bujeya the other for Bona, to apprehend and bring the Al Caids of thofe
Places, from whom he had received fuch undutiful Treatment : Which Go-
vernors had the Misfortune of foon falling into his Power j tho' one came
off tolerably. The firft Days of this Bajha's Government patted in inform-
ing himfelf concerning the Ring-leaders of the late Tranfabions : And as
his predominant Paflion was Avarice, he took Money on all Hands, and
feemed to forget all Injuries 5 affirming that he thirfted for no Blood, but
only for that of the three Renegadoes 5 viz. Hajfan Corfo, and the two Al-
Caids.

In a very few Days the firft of them experienced it, being inhumanly
caft upon the Chingan, or Hook > of which diabolical Execution take the
following Defcfiption. There are now fattened in the out- fide of Beb-
Azoun Wall, on each Side, feveral ftrong large Hooks, very fharp, over
one of which the Criminal fits on the Wall, while a Rope is tying round his
Neck, and then pirfhed off upon the Hook, which cafually catches hold
of fome Part of the Body -, fo that the Wretch's Sufferings are longer or
fhorter according to the Fall : And happy is he who either mifles the Hook,
or is at once ftruck mortally. Some have been known to hang yelling,

even

evfcn five er !ixl>ays, bytfaeFoot, Chin, Rib?, or the like-nM. vital Parts,
none daring to fhoot then* as they inoefiantly defire -, thb' it a Turk ihould
be Co kipd as to do them that Favour, the Penalty would not, I fancy, be
very great; Not that I ever knew any Iwftance -, nor, for many Years, have
any; of triofe tetff ibie Executions been very frequent 5 but, generally lpeak-
irig, the offending Moor is purpofely thrown off the Wall lb as to hang
only by the Neck** except pofi rive Orders are given to the contrary. Bur
before the rebuilding that Gate in 157$, there were no Hooks in the Wall,
but they drew up the Party by a Pulley at a Mart's top, with a Cord tied
round bis Middle, th# otfcer* Ehd whereof \*s fattened to the Top of a
Sort- of Gibbet, beneath which was anbiner traverfe Beam with the Hook
in it, upon which the Wretch was let fall from aconfiderabk Height.

And this was the Treatment poor Hajfxn Ccrfo met with, from the in-
exorabk-2ff^f///, and remained in that Torture, three whole Days and
two Nights, with the Hook thro' his right Side Ribs. A Perfon whofe
Fate' Haedo feems greatly to deplore. It being Oclober, and the Weather
fomewhat cold (as I was told, fays this Author, by feveral Eye and Ear-
WknefTes) when any Captives pa(Ted, be would call out to tbem, faying,
For GOD's Sake, Chriltian, give me fomething to cover me* But there be-
ing Guards all about, none durft venture even to approach. On the con-
trary, he refufed to look towards any of the Barbarians, but feemed rather
to hold them in Abhorrence. At the third Day's End he expired. A
notable Inftance of the Inconftancy of Fortune!

Al-Caid Alt, Sardo was, for Part of the Time, his Fellow-Sufferer, near the
fame Place* and the Perfon upon whom Tekelli molt vented his Fury, Upon
him he exercifed to the utmofi; both his darling Paffions, Avarice and Revenge :
For knowing him to beimmenfely opulent [^HajfanQorfo haying been always
too liberal to bear that Character) in hopes of extracting his Wealth, he prac-
Xifed on him all the Tortures that .could have entered the Thought of even
a Dominican, To fay nothing of the Baftinado, and running lbarp Canes
under the Nails of his Fingers and Toes, his Flefh was lacerated, with
burning Pincers, and a Copper Vefiel, like a Cap, was made fiery hot and
put on his Head - y all which he endured with amazing Conftancy, and very
little tq the Advantage of his infatiablc Tormentor: Whereupon he was
impaled, and continued thus fpitted on the Stake more than half a Day,
uttering all the while (fays Haedo my Author) terrible, grievous and in-
ceilknt Groans and Complaints.

The History of Algiers, 393

As for Al-Caid Muftafa, Governor of Bona, he was not brought to Al-
giers till fome Days after. He was purfued and overtaken in his Way to
the Goletta, with a Mule's Load of Treafure and two of his own Renega-
does. The Bq/ba inftantly gave Sentence that he fhould be alfo impaled
alive j yet at the ftrenuous Interposition of a certain principal Turk of Al-
giers, and in Confideration of a very large Sum of Money, he obtained
Pardon.

Here I cannot but take Notice, how different the Power of thofe pri-
mitive Bafhas was from that of their later Succeflbrs, in putting Rene-
gadoes to fuch barbarous and ignominious Deaths, even during the Time
when thofe viler Sort of Algerines were in far greater Efteem than they
have been of late Years. Yet ftill, notwithftanding the real Contempt in
which the Turks hold them, they are always, like the Turks themfelves
honoured with the Bow-String, privately in Prifon 5 except in Cafes re-
lating to Religion j I mean their attempting to return to the Bofom of
the Chriflian Church. Then, indeed, their Privileges, as Turks, become
utterly forfeit 5 and they are generally left to the Mercy of the Populace,
who, true Mob-like, (hew them very little j either dragging them to
Death, about the Streets, at a Mule's Tail > half-burying and then Honing
them} burning, or rather wafting them alive, or the like unmerciful U-
fage. But upon no other Account whatever dare any of the modern Deys 9
or Kings of, Algiers, put a Renegado, actually in their Pay, to any worfe
Death than that of ftrangling, like other Turks : Nay, they often are more
confidered, and come off cheaper; many of thofe Apoftates having been
pardoned Crimes which would, infallibly, have coft a natural Turk his
Life. Of all this Inftances may be given. As to the reft, I really take
this violent Procedure of Tekelli BaJJia (who foon after dearly paid for his
Inhumanity) to be no other than a Confequence of the Emulation and Dif-
cord between thofe two Species of 'Algerines, the Janifaries and the Le-
vents, on Account of their mutual Claims j and that the Honour of being
only privately ftrangled (a Privilege now common to all Turks, Renegadoes
and their Offspring, efpecially if inrolled among the Militia) was one of
the peculiar Favours allowed only to the Janifaries, till their Incorpora-
tion with the Corfairs -, and that the faid unfortunate Renegadoes were
reckoned as Levents, notwithftanding Haffan Corfo had been the Genera-
liffimo of the Land Forces, and was fo favoured by the Janifaries : Other-
wife, this was a breaking in upon the Franchifes of that Militia, fo jealous
Vol. II. E e e and

594 fife History of Algiers.

and tenacious of their Immunities, which mull, inevitably, have inraged
the whole Body, even beyond Pacification: At leaft, I have no fmall In-
clination to believe, that this would, now a-Days, be the infallible Con-
fequence of fuch temerarious Proceedings.

When the melancholy News of Hajfan Corfo'i terrible Cataftrophe
reached the Ears of Al-Caid Toufouf, Calabres, Governor ot Tremizan, the
Grief and Refentment of that his much-favoured Renegado furpalTed all
Defcription: And the faithful Calabrian immediately determined, with
the Tyrant's Blood, to revenge it, in fpite of what Danger might attend
the Attempt. Nor did the Janifaries in Garrifon at Tremizatt, (little le&
iucenfed and fcandalized thereat than himfeif) fail to fecond him in fo ge-
nerous a Refolution. Added to this, many Janifaries bom. Algiers, and
other Parts, wrote to their Comrades at Tremizan, how univerfal was
their Difcontent at TekelWs Introduction as Bajha, which daily increafed
by his Manner of proceeding, efpecially on Account of his unworthy Treat-
ment of thofe Renegadoes, whom they all loved and efteemed, more par-
ticularly the good-natured Hajfan Corfo 9 who had been their Darling.
They complained aloud of his haughty, imperious Carriage towards them,
quite different from that of preceding BaJbas- 3 and as an evident Instance
of the Contempt in which he held them, their Pay had not been advanced,
as was ever practifed by all Vice-Roys at their Acceflion : And in fhort,
the Purport of all the Letters was, that they mould unanimoufly join
Hands, in order to expel a Perfon with whom they were all" fo generally
difgufted.

Mofl or all of thefe Letters were mewed to Al-Caid Toufouf, which
Governor, in his own Name, and in thofe of the Jaaifaries at Tremizan,
acquainted thofe of Algiers, that, provided they would favour him, or at
-leail continue Neuters, he would not fail being foon at their Gates, de-
termined to rid the State of fo infolent and fo deteftable a Tyrant. Ail
which was well approved of, not only by the whole Body of Janifaries
at Algiers ) but like wife by their Aga, fo ill had Fekelli behaved. And as,
at this Juncture, .the Plague was very hot ax Algiers, and daily carried off
abundance of People, Tekelli . had quitted the City, and was retired, with
his Domeftics, to the Ruins of an ancient Town, now called Cajbinas 3
near the Sea, about five Miles to the Weft, where he and his Equipage
dwelled in Tents j which Occafion Al-Caid Toufouf thought very favoura-

.,,-,1-. r t_- t\ r

ble for the Execution of his Defign.

7#<? Histoju of Algiers, jps

About Chriftmas iffo", Tottfouffet out with 300 Turks and Renegadoes:
Tho', according to Haedo, fome will have the Number of his Retinue to
have been 600 5 and that he came not directly from T'remizan, but that,
the better to conceal his Intentions, he had been feveral Days gathering in
the Tributes much nearer the Capital : But all that is not much to ouv
Purpofe. Tremizan lies Weft of Algiers fomewhat. more than 30a Miles ;.
and the Spanifo Writers make it 81 Leagues, counting four Miles to each.
My Author Haedo affirms Al-Caid Toufauf 'to- have marched with all pofli-
ble Expedition > and, to prevent Tekelli from having Notice of his Ap-
proach, be caufed all the Meon he either met or over-took to be faftenedv
to Trees : Nor had Tekelli the leaft 'Intelligence of his coming till he ap-
peared within Sight of his Pavilion. The confeious Tyrant, at this News,
in a terrible Fright, mounted his Horfej and with three or four Servants
fled full Speed towards Algiers. Toufouf, perceiving his Flight, agitated
with a noble Thir ft for Vengeance, followed too eagerly for any* of hi*.
Retinue to keep Pace with himi but Teketli yva^fo considerably a-head
of him that he arrived &y-$eb*Azoutiy m& might have entered the Town
Time enough, had not he found that. Gate '{hut againft him by the Ja-
nifaries. Giving himfelf over for loft, he knew not what better Cowfe
to take, than to fpur his Horfe up the Hill j whofe Top he had fcarce
reached, but, looking back y ,he perceived loufouf, all alone, hotly purfu-
ing and gaining GrountH- In 'this Exigence, he ftriick a\Vay over the
Mountains, and never Hopped till he got to an Eminence near the Sea,
about a. Mile and Bal Weft of Algiers, where, under a Dome, lies in-
terred a Qcntyn.M&.tW'Qfby or reputed Saint, named Sid* Jacob, or Tacoub:
This was. a , R^mgada Spamard^ born at Cor-do r ua y who knew fo well how
to gain Credit and eftabliih it, among thjofe, peojple, that he lived many Years
y enerateoV, and at h^ Deqeafe, was. < aconized. Tekelli had no foone,F quit-
ted his Horfe andeitfered that Hermitage,, which, like innumerable; otiew^
is, a Sort of d Saneljuary, , but Xoufouf was ajfo demounted and.at his Heels,
ihaking his, E^ula-bearing javelin,, and from his indignant Eye-Balls dart-
ing : humid Fire^ .$Aki ; c,riep^ ; dolorquflyr^^^^^^^^ Bfave

" Youfouf, "wound me not! Remember, I muft not die jftif&fl AfyhitoC''
" Perfidious Pjagri .re^i^^^h^^yaigjiig; fonegprfo: Thou and none but
" thou muft die ! What 'Mercy didft thou fliew'to my faultlefs Patron?"
-. ..... , . .._

f Vide Vol. L p. 3 24.

; E e e z And

3^5 The History of Algiers.

And with this he (truck him feveral Times thro' the Body with his
Javelin, leaving him gafping and weltering in Gore, juft by the defunct
Santon's Sepulcher e .

Tekelli was actually expired before the Arrival of fome Janifaries, and
others of Al-Caid Toufouf's Retinue, all which approving of and com-
mending the Action, they all together marched towards Algiers, where
2oufouf was joyfully and triumphantly received.

This End had Tekelli Bajba, whofe Fall was chiefly owing to his fordid
and impolitic Avarice: For notwithstanding his Cruelty towards thofei??-
negadoes, it is more than barely probable, that Al-Caid Youfouf durft not
have attempted againft his Life, had he but vouchfafed to have followed
the Example of all his Predeceflbrs, by fatisfying the Janifaries with a
fewBags of Dollars.

Tekelli governed only three Months, viz, from the Beginning of Ofto-
ber i f f 6, to the End of the following December. He was a natural
Turk-, aged fifty 5 robuft, fleftiy, of a moderate Stature and fwarthy
Complexion. A principal Turk, his great Friend, buried him among the
reft of the Bajbas, and fome Months after erected over his Grave a fmall
Dome.

Al-Caid Yousouf, Calabres.

By Crouds of armed Turks and Renegadoes, followed by a numberlefs
Populace, loudly extolling the Generofity of his Exploit, Al-Caid Toufouf
was conducted to the Palace, where he was foon after vifited by the Aga
of the Janifaries, and all the principal Inhabitants. The Aga at their Head,
having, in a fuitable Harangue, highly applauded the late Action, ac-
quainted him, that, partly in Regard to his Patron's Memory, and partly
on Account of his own Merit, more particularly in this his noble Revenge,
the Janifaries were unanimoufly rcfolved to elect and obey him as their
Bajba: And accordingly he was inaugurated, upon the Spot, with the
ufual Ceremonies.

" And this Toufouf, fays Haedo exprefly, being in Effect a young Man

This Place I have feen ; and they pretended to flicw the very Blood.

The History of Algiers. 397

a of a moft genteel Spirit and Difpofition, difdaining to be out-done in
" Generofity, immediately diftributed among the Soldiery a Donative of
tC 1 0000 Gold Ducats -, ufing the like Liberality for fix Days fucceflively."
This, we may fuppofe, was far from being any Inducement for the Ja-
nifaries to be diffatisfied with their new Bajha -, who by his Manner of
beginning feemed as if he defigned, for' fome Time longer, to have con-
tinued fuch unufual daily Difburfements 1 But his fixth diurnal Bounty-
Money was fcarce told out, when he was (truck in the Groin with a pef-
tilential Carbuncle, which in lefs than twenty four Hours brought at once
to a Period both his Liberality and Life j and he died truly and univer-
fally lamented. The Plague at that Time raged at Algiers with great
Violence.

Youfouf Bajha was about twenty fix Years of Age, of a middle Size,
chefnut-brown Hair, clear Complexion, fine Shape, graceful Carriage
and Afpect, and was to all Mankind exceflively courteous and obliging.
The Janifaries would needs have him buried in the fame Grave with his
late Patron, the unfortunate Hajfan Corfo.

Al-Caid Yahia, Deputy^ asha: ThefirfiTime

of his Officiating.

A. D. iff?. Amidft the general Concern for the Death of this pro-
mising Renegado, the Perfon pitched on, by the Aga and Janifaries, to
fucceed him as Regent (till the Sultan's Plcafure {hould be known) was a
certain confiderable Turk, named Yahia. He had been feveral Years Al-
Caid, or Governor of Meliana, about forty Miles Weft of Algiers j and
was a Man held in good Efteem, for his Courage and found Judgment and
Experience in public Affairs. He entered upon the Government with the
new Year, and behaved prudently during his Adminiftration, which lafted
near (ix Months. Nothing remarkable happened in his Time, except the
terrible Havock made by the Contagion, wherewith Algiers and its whole
Neighbourhood were miferably infected. Before the Conclufion of the
fucceeding June, he was obliged to refign his Seat to the rightful Proprie-
tor, fent from the Ottoman Court, with the Title of Bajha. Al-Caid
Yahia returned to his former Condition of a private Man, which for fe-

*r~ veral

l$t The H I $ t OR? of A i*g 1 1 fc $.

vcral Years he enjoyed in Honour and Reputation. But as we {hall again
find him officiating as Regent, what farther occurs concerning hitn may
be then obferved.

CHAP. X.

Basha X. XI. XII. XIII. Hassan Bash a, Son of
Heyradin Barba-rossa: The fecond Time of his

Admrniflrcttion. Hassan A g a and. Cous a M a*

h a m e d, Joint-Deputies. ? - Ahamed Basu a

Al-Caid Yahia: The [[ fecond and laji Time of
his Officiating.

WH E N the Algtrine Deputies arrived at ConftantinbpTe^ fo give in
their Depofitions concerning the.' late Difturbances and Revoluti-
ons in their State, the Ottoman Sultan readily enough gave Ear to the Ap-
plication made himhy- Hajfan Baftja, Son of his. Favourite Admiral, Hey-
radin Btrba-rojfa; and he was accordingly veiled with tbatVice-Royalty - y
the which he had utterly defpaired of ever obtaining, during the Life of
his too powerful Opponent, the unforgiving Rcfian Bajha. But the mag-
nificent Suliman had then -Lately loll that his aflUming Son-in-Law, and
our Ha/fan Bajba (otherwife not difelteemed by that Monarch) an impla-
cable Enemy. Near the, End ot June if 57, nc arrived,, with ten Royal
Gallies, at his dear native Algiers^ where he was gladly received.

He had not been there, many pays, before News came, that the Sberif
of the fvigitana, who. had lately overthrown and . (lain in Battel Mulei.
Ahou-Hajfan (who, as we oblerved, had'been feated on the Fezzan Throne
by Salba Rais) was, arrived at Tremizan at the Head of a numerous Army,
with a View of gratifying his two predominant PafHons, Ambition and.
Revenge. He is (aid to have undertaken tH5 Expedition at the tnftigation
of Sheikh Jbou-Terik, the Arch-Rebel, mentioned in Chap. vi.

y/ The

Jhe History ^Algiers. 399

The Government of that ancient Metropolis was then again committed
to the Care of the before-mentioned Al-Caid Sefer, with a Garrifon of f op
Turks', which being a Number by far too fmall to defend fo large a City,
confidering the Weaknefs of its ruinous Walls, he retired into the Mejhuat^
Of Citadel. Thus the Tingitanians became Matters of that City, without
Qppofltion, and befieged the Turks in their Faftnefs. But as they had
not any Artillery to batter that not-fo-undefenfible Place, all their Attacks
proved abortive: Whereupon his Fezzan Majeity wrote to Or an-, intreat-
ing Den Martin de Cordoua to lend him at leari one or two Cannon, with
fome Ammunition. But that Count deeming it no way proper to truft
Moors with his Artillery, the MefTcngers returned re infecld. This de-
tained the S fieri f fo long at Tremizan, indefatigably and obftinately endea-
vouring, either by Compulfion, or upon Conditions, to bring the Turks
to a Surrendry, that the new Bajha of Algiers had fufficient Time to haften
to their Succour.

He fet out with a Camp of 6000 Turks and Renegadoes 5 and;was joined
c io his March by upwards of 16000 Arabs and Afric-ans, mofdy Cavalry.
By Sea he fent to Mofiaganem forty Gallies and Galeots, on which were
3000 Turks more, with fome Artillery, and fufficient Provifion, Ammu-
nition, &c. Hajfan Bajha, with his whole Army, being arrived within
four Days March of Tremizan, had Intelligence, that the King of Fez
was departed from thence, upon the firft Tydings of Jiis Approach, after
having eflayed all Means to gain the Fortrefs, and plundered the City.
Upon this, Hajfan Bajha determined to follow him to the very Gates of
Fez $ and accordingly he haded on without touching at Tremizan-, order-
ing his Fleet of Gallies to proceed to that Harbour,- near Mciilla> where
Salha Rais had left his Squadron, when he went againfl the Sheiif,

The Algerine Army found the King of Fez in Battel- Array, waiting
their Approach, near the Walls of that Capital. His Force 'donfifted of
30000 Horfe, 1 0000 Foot Moors, 4000 Renegadoes, with fome Bands -of
Mortfioes j thefe lad and the Renegadoes, being ftout and well-.difciplined
Soldiers, all bearing Fire- Arms. Having repofed about half the Day, the
Turks bad the Enemy Battel; and the Engagement began with equal Fury
and Refolution. After a. warm, bloody and obftinate Difpute of fome
Hours, the Algerines began to flinch and give Way \ partly occafioned by
-the-Fec-bkncft -of -their Cavalry, -i n C o rop arifoa -with -that o the T'm^ia.-
nians, which was both .nwmeBQJBS.^i^ ,.goo&;and partly by Reafon the
' YrmD 1 khes

4db The H i ST o r y of Algie r5."

Elcbes or Renegadoes of Fez s in Conjunction with the Morifcoes, behaved
fo gallantly, that the Turkijh Infantry, with considerable Lofs, was obliged
to fly, and take to an adjacent Eminence-, where, as Night drew on, they
intrenched in the beft Manner they were able. Hajfan Bajba, calling a
Council,required the Opinion of his chief Officers, " Whether they fhould
" renew the Fight next Morning, or retire under the Night's Covert?"
A fure Sign they were tolerably well banged ! And, in Effect, they foon
concluded on the Retreat. At Mid-Night the Bajba gave Orders to get
ready to march: And to. blind the Enemy, . who lay near at Hand, he
caufed abundance of Wood, to be let on Fire all round the Camp, laying
on Fewel fufficient to continue burning till Morning.

-JVith all poffible Silence, and in the beft Order they could, the Turkijb
Camp drew off, bending their Courfe Northward : And fuch Caution
was ufed, that the King of Fez had not the leaft Intimation of their Mo-
tion, till, at Day-break, the Place of their Encampment was found quite
vacant. But as he had loft abundance of Men, and had many wounded,
efpeciarly of the Renegadoes, in whom he repofed his chief Confidence,
he declined purfuing the Turks, to whom he might, doubtlefs, have done
conGderable Damage, before they could reach the Shipping, had he for
fome Days continued following them clofe in the Rear.

About the Middle of Augufi, the Bajba got to his Fleet 5 when difmiiT-
ing all his Cavalry, Moorijb Foot and many Turks, he imbarked with the
reft, and all the Artillery, Baggage, &c. when having firft, in one of his
fmalleft Galeots, taken a clofe View of Melilla, he returned to Algiers, not
over- well fatisfied with his Campaign.

A. D. iff 8. f " This Year, fays Haedo, happened that difaftrous Ex-
" pedition againft Mojiaganem, fo inaufpicious to Spaing in which felj
M Don Martin de Cordoua, Count De Alcaudete, Captain- General of Or an,
whofe Fall was accompanied by the Slaughter and Captivity of many
* c thoulands of Spaniards"

In this Relation I fhall often ufe almoft the very Words of Haedo
and Marmoh a Method I feldom obferve. The firft of them has it to
this Purport.

The Count having prevailed with his Catholic Majefty to fupply him
with 1 1000 Men, wherewith (and what others he could fpare from the

f Vide Preface, p. xi. & Chap. viL

1 Garrifon

The History of Algiers. 401

Garrifon, and otherwife procure) he undertook the Reduction of Mojlaga*
nem. Thefe Troops having been raifed in Spain, they could not be trans-
ported into Africa all at one Time > but about Mid-June, the greater Part
of them got fafe over. The Remainder, being f 000 Spanifi Foot, com-
manded by Don Martin, the Count's fecond Son, was left behind, till Con-
veniency offered. To exercife the new- raifed Soldiers, till the reft arrived,
the Count led them out feveral Times, to make Prize upon the Subjects
of the Algerines , and fome Expeditions were not wholly unfuccefsful. It
was Augufi before the Arrival of the Refidue of his Troops > which hav-
ing joined, he fet out from Oran, marching very deliberately. And as from
thence to Moftaganem, in the Algiers Road, it is no more than twelve
Spanifh Leagues, (Marmol makes it fourteen) had he advanced brifkly, as
there were but few Turks, and they unprovided, within the Place, which
of itfelf is very weak, he might, probably, have carried the Day, with-
out much Expence. But this General thought fit to proceed very (lowly ;
and that in fuch Manner, that the neighbouring Moors and Arabs had Lei-
fure to raife a Flying-Camp of 6000 Horfe, and Hajfan Bajha Time
enough to come almoft within Sight of Moflaganem, before the SpaniJJo Ar-
my had fat down before that threatened Place. The Algerine Camp con-
lifted of only f 000 Janifaries, and 1000 Spahis, with ten Field- Pieces -, which
was foon joined by thofe 6000 Horfe, and about 10000 MooriJJo Foot.

The Count was prefently informed of the Bafha's Approach, by a Re-
negado who efcaped from the Camp : And notwithftanding he might eafily
have attacked and carried that defenfelefs Town, and there have expected
the Enemy, either within or without, as he pleafed, nay feveral had given
him that Advice , yet, as he was naturally courageous, even to Excefs, he ne-
ver would liften to fuch wholfome Counfel. "' Infomuch, continues this
Author, " that the Turks coming up, he was forced to engage them at a
a great Difadvantage, and at length loft his Life valiantly fighting} his
" whole Army being utterly routed, and more than 11000 Spaniards cay-
" tivated. This unhappy Encounter happened Augujl 16. iffS; with
" which Victory, and Iq enormous a Number of Captives, and among
" others Don Martin, Marquis De Cortes, the Count's Son, Hajfan
" Bajb ^/returned to Algiers, joyful and triumphant." Thus Haeclo.

But let us a little examine, and extract fome Particulars from the more
verbofe, yet feldom fo impartial Marmol; who, in the rirft Place, feems
inclined to fink more than half the Spanijlo Army i fincc he mentions no

Vol. II. Fff

40i The History of Algiers,

more than 6f00 Men, brought from Spain, and which we may fuppofe
were the firft Comers: Yet, on feveral Occafions, he laments the Capti-
vity of many thoufands of brave Spaniards, loft on that inaufpicious Day.
The Bulk of his tedious .Narrative is this.

Preiencly after the Turks were retired from before % Qran, the Count De
Mcaudett pafled over to Spain, .and made earned Application at Court for
dooo Men, to reduce Moftaganem, which would be a main Step towards
the fo-much-de fired Conquelr. of Algiers: Alledging, that the Sberif of
Fez, and feveral confiJerable Sbeikbs had promifed him all requifite AlTiif.-
ance, both of Troops and Provifions. Tho' what the Count advanced
carried a Face of Probability and Foundation, confidering the Enmity be-
tween the Natives and the Turks, and fome of the Council were for ir,
yet he met with great Oppositions many questioning whether the faid
Promifes were to be relied on, fince thofe Moors, &c. had not given Hof-
tages, or any ^>ther Security : Adding, that the Turks would not only en-
deavour to break that Confederacy, by letting to Work the Santons^ but, alfo,
in cafe that Method proved ineffectual, fire all the new Corn and remove
the old, with the Cattle, out of Reach, and thereby prevent all Succour - 9
even were the Natives .ever fo well difpofed. Nor was it, they (aid, to
be fuppofed, that the Turks would leave that Place unprovided, upon the
firft Notice they lud of his Motion. Befides, they told him, he asked
too few Men for fuch an Enterprize. However at lait, he got what he
demanded , and having raifed thofe Troops, he imbarked with them at
Malaga, in iff 8, accompanied by a great Number of Nobility and Gen-
try, from Andalufia and the Kingdom of Granada. In Auguft the fame
Year, he departed from Oran, towards Moftaganem, with 6foo Men, up-
on Lift, and fome Pieces of Cannon, drawn by the Soldiers : And having
made feveral different Turns, he arrived at h Mazagra n, where he had a
fmart Conflict with the Moors and Arabs of that Neighbourhood , but
they were put to Flight by the Cbriftians, who purfued to the very Walls
of Moftaganem, and cut off more than 300 Turks and Moors. After this
Victory, the Count ordered all his People to return to Mazagran , ex-
pecting there to find fomething for the Refrefliment of the Army* the

* Look back to the Expedition ollUJfan Corfa, P. 385.

h An ancient City, now veiy ruinous, two Miles from the Sea, *nd four from Mojla->

ganerr..

Soldiers

The History <j/Algiers. 40 5

Soldiers being very much fatigued with Hunger, Thifft and Wearineft,
and the Provifions being all fent by Sea, on nine Brigantines, which were
to continue going and coming as Occafion required : But the Inhabitants
of thofe Parts had fome Days before removed all their Effects to Mofiaga-
nem, which Place the Algerines were determined to defend. While the
SpamiJJo Army was reflecting on this Difappointment, four Royal Gallies
and five Galeots of Algiers were feen palling by, with each of them one
of the expected Brigantines in tow. This was really a difaftrous Circum-
flance. Thofe Gallies, returning from the Coaft of Andahfta, where they
had plundered a Place, named St. Miguel, belonging to the Count De
Niebla, fell in upon the nine Brigantines, charged with Provifions and
Ammunition from Or an. On the other Hand the Al-Caid of Tremizau
took fuch Meafures, that not one Sheikh durft attempt conveying any
thing to the Spanijb Camp 5 all which caufed much Difcontent. Upon
this Don Martin called a Council} at which feveral Officers advifed him
to return to Oran, and incamp under its Walls, there obferving the Ene-
mies Motions, till fome Order fhould be ta*ken to fupply the Camp with
all Necefiaries : And in the Interim the Troops might employ themfelyes
in making Incurfions upon the Enemy. Others were for his immediately-
attacking Mofiaganem 9 llnce in carrying that Place all their Wants would
be abundantly fupplied. To this the courageous Count readily agreed j
iuch was his Defire of profecuting his Enterprise : And, becaufe he wanted
Shot for his Ordinance, he caufed the Arch, &Y. of the Town Gates to
be pulled down, and with thofe hard Stones, ihaped by fome Soldiers
who underftood the Bufinefs, he made good that Defect, and marched
away for Mofiaganem* The few Turks who were there led out a good
Number of Moors , 3cc. to encounter the Van-Guard -, but they were re-
pulfed with Lofs, and fo fmartly purfued, that fome Soldiers advanced Co
far, that they actually fcaled the Wall with Ladders, and among them an
Enfign with his Colours. It is held for certain, that they had pofitively
entered the City that Day, had not the Count commanded a Retreat j nay,
he caufed the Enfign to be puniflied, for approaching the Wall without
Orders. The whole Army being arrived before the Town, Don Martin
ordered, that very Evening, Fafcines to be made of Vines and Fig-Tree?,
and therewith drew a Trench round his Camp, to fecure it from the Ene-
mies Cavalry: And the fame Night a fmall Platform, for two Cannon,
was erected, in order to batter the South Side of the Caftle. The Spaniards

Fffi took

404 The History of Algiers.

took Pofleflion of a fmall Suburb, becaufe from thence the Turks galled
them, and had done great Damage with their Mufket Shot : Yet they got
it not without great Oppofition, the Turks having broke thro' alltheWalls
of thofe Houfes, to ailift and communicate with each other, as Occafion
required, and having made abundance of Loop- Holes, had killed a con-
fidcrable Number of the beft Soldiers. Six Companies were left to guard
this Suburb. Next Morning, while Preparation was making to alter the
Battery, News came, that the Turks of Algiers were at Hand, and by the
Number of Colours and Standards, they judged Hajfan Bajba to be there
in Perfon. Tho' this was confirmed by many Eye-Witnefles, the Count
would not believe a Syllable ; faying, it was not poffible for the Algerine
Camp to have made fuch Expedition} and that it could be only a Body
of the Natives, who had induftrioufly brought thofe Turkijb Enfigns in
order to amufe his Army, and make him raife the Siege. To convince
thofe who infilled upon the Fafr, he fent his Son Don Martin, with a
few Horfe, to take a nearer View of what had occafioned that Rumour j
who foon found it to be no other than the jflgerine Camp, already pitched.
[Which is very eafy to be diftinguifhed from an Encampment of Moors and
jlrabs, even at a considerable Diftance $ their Tents being black, whereas
thofe of the Turks are exceeding white.] Don Martin, at his Return,
earneftly intreated the Count his Father to give him 4000 Men, that he
might fall upon the Turkijb Camp that Night, " Since, faid he, as they
4< muft neceflarily be very much tired with their long and precipitate
<c Marches, they may eafily be routed 5 and the Chr'tfiians becoming Maf-
u ters of their Stores, will be enabled chearfully to profecute the Siege,
" and carry their Point without Interruption from the Turks, who can-
" not readily recover themfelves, nor have a Supply from any Part but
" Algiers" All the Reply made by the Count was, " That it was not
" at all convenient." When his Son and fome Captains returned, " That,
" if he did not fo, the Turks would fight him in the Morning." He an-
fwered, " They dare not! If they attempt it, they are loft." And that
very Evening, without acquainting any with his Defigns, he ordered to
every Mufketeer two Spans of Match and a Pound of Powder j and when
a little pair. Mid-Night, he commanded the Camp to be raifed very filently,
and to march away for Mazagran -, all which was executed with fuch Pre-
cipitation, that many fick and wounded Soldiers were left behind: And
before the Army was got down the Defcent, the miferablc Outcries of

thofe

The History of Algiers. 405

thofe Wretches were diftinctly heard, while the Enemy from the Town
were cutting them in Pieces. Neither would the Count perform that
March with the Speed he intended, and might have done: For a Wheel
of one of the Carriages breaking in the Way, he caufed the whole Army to
halt, till near Morning, while it was mending j nor would he, by any
Perfuafion, be prevailed on to leave that Cannon, tho' his Officers would
fain have had him bury it in the Sand, in the Road where they marched j
which if he had done, it is very unlikely the Enemy could have found
it, even if they had Information. Had he taken this Method, the Army
might have reached Mazagran in good Time, and probably Matters might
have taken a happier Turn than they did, purely on Account of their
getting fo late thither. Hajfan Bajba had early Notice of all thefe Move-
ments} who, without lofing a Moment, began the Purfuit, and by Day-
break got up with the Rear, at a very fmall Diftance from Mazagran.
Don Martin, being apprehenfive left the Turks (hould get PofTeffion of the
only Fountain of good drinking Water (which is without the Place near
the Walls) fpeedily fent away feveral Companies, from the Van, in order
to fecure it. As they approached the faid Water, all that the Officers
could poflibly do, could not prevent the Soldiers from quitting their
Ranks and running, promifcuoufly, to quench their raging Thirft. The
Army, thus out of all Order, was furioufly attacked by the Turks on one
Quarter, and by the Natives on feveral : And fo great, fo general was the
Confufion, that neither the Count, who led the Van, nor his Son, who
brought up the Rear, could by any Means prevail with the aftonifhed Sol-
dier to turn Face to the tempeftuous Invader : But, in the utmoft Dis-
order imaginable, every one fought the Avenues into the Townj being
hotly purfued, wounded and killed by the Slaughtering Turks, Moors and
Arabs. By this Time, the Equipages from the nine Algerine Gallies were
leaped a-ihorej and, on the other Hand, the Governor of Tremizan was
arrived. To complete the Horrors of that inaufpicious Day, in the Even-
ing at Fefper-Time, the Remnant of their Powder, in feveral Barrels,
which was placed under the Town- Wall, accidentally took Fire, blow-
ing up and fmothering ^00 Spanijh Soldiers, who had it in Charge.
When the Count beheld this Difafter, which occafioned all the Troops
(which he had again got together to (land on the Defenfive) to difband
mod confufedly, and run away full Speed towards the Town, he deter-
mined to fall defperately, and without Order, on the Enemy, with the

few

4o5 The Histonr of Algiers.

few he frill had within Callj hoping thereby to keep off and repulfe the
Barbarians, till his People might again be brought into fome Order. So,
clapping Spurs, to his Horfe, with a matchlefs Intrepidity, he charged
the thronging Infidels; crying out to his Spaniards, " St. Jago! St. J ago!
" The Viclrory is our own! The Enemy is routed and loft! St. Jago!
" St. Jago!" Yet, notwithstanding he twice or thrice did thus, he was
fo far from being feconded and followed by the Soldiers, that every one
made all poflible Speed into the Town. Upon this, the Count hafted
away to a Poftern belonging to the Fortrefs j thinking <o compel the Fu-
gitives to fally and ftand their Ground : But the Prefs was fo excemVe in
the Gate- Way, that he could not poflibly penetrate : And fpurring on his
Horfe violently, in order to break thro', the Creature reared quite upright,
and threw him off backward, in that narrow Paffagej where every one
having more Regard to his own particular. Safety than to any Duty towards
his Commander in Chief, and that Nobleman being fomewhat advanced in
Years, he there expired, being prefently fmothered and trampled to Death
under the Feet of his own Soldiers j and this Place rendered famous by the
difaftrous Death of that General, and the Lofs of fo many brave Men,
who there drew their lateft Breath. When as many of the Chriftians as
couid,had entered the Town, the Count's Domeftics, taking up hisCorpfe,
inhumed it in the chief Mofque -, and the victorious Turks immediately
broke in, without farther Oppofition, making Prifoners Don Martin (the
defuncc Count's Son, who was preparing for a Defenfe) together with the
Whole k Remainder of the Chriftian Army. Hajfan Bajha, that Night,
caufed Guards to be ported at all the Gates of the Town and Fortrefs,
to prevent the Moors and Arabs from entering and maffacring the furren-
dered Chriftians. But, next Morning, their Sheikhs, or Chiefs, accofting
him, with a Demand of fome Share in the Captives j Since, laid they,
" we have ferved you during this Campaign, at our own Cofts and
" Charges $" he ordered them 800 : And as thofe Enemies of our Holy
Faith made that Demand purely to (laughter them, they were no fooner
delivered, but every one of them perifhed at the Points of their Lances.
This done, the Bajba made diligent Inquiry after the Count: And being
informed of his Death and Interment in the Mofque, he caufed the Body

1 St. James of Compoftela, the Patron of Spain. This is the Spaniards everlafting Fightiug-
Word. It here, perhaps, favours fomewhat of a Spanijb Bravado.

k Upwards of 12000, fays Haedo in feveral Places. Look back to P. 401.

Ihe History p/Algiers. 4^7

to be taken up, and brought into his Prefence : Saying, he defired a Sight
of fo valiant a Perfonage. He afterwards fold the Corpfe, for 2000 Du-
cats, to Don Martin, his Prifoner, and Son to the Deceafed, who fenr.
it to Oran: And, with this great Vi&ory, the Pagan returned to Algiers',

where he was joyfully received.- Thus Marmol: And for the lad 60,0170

Lines in a manner Verbatim: In all which, he, moil apparently, feems
to be endeavouring, to make the very beft of a very bad Market.

A. D. iffp. The Year following, HajfanBajloa was engaged in another
War, with the Prince of Beni- Abbas. Of thcfe Affairs, after a few Re-
marks of our own, we will deliver the Subftance of what Haedo faysj
and then advance what is to be met with in Marmol; who treats fomc-
wha.t cir.cumftantially of that gallant African, whofe Name was Abda-
laziz : What has been already hinted, concerning that martial Mountain-
People, and what may elfewhere occasionally occur, is fufficient to
give a competent Idea of thofe Nations. But to the Purpofe in Hand.

Relying on the rugged, fcarce acccflible Faunefies, thofe People always
difdained the being even required to acknowledge a VafTalage to any Po-
tentate whatever : And the Turks of Algiers have, all along, no lefs difdain-
ed, that thofe Mountaineers fliould have the Infolence to abide almoit
within Sight of their Capital, without owning them, at leaft in fome
Meafure, to be their Superiors. This has occafioned many Bickerings}
the Confequence whereof has fometimes been a fort of Acknowledgment
to the Algerines-, nay accompanied even with Prefents of Value : All
which thofe haughty, afluming Free-Booters never fail calling Tribute,
from what Quarter of the World foever they comej conftantly expect-
ing what has been once granted, nay, demanding it with a right Turkijb
Arrogance $ and upon meeting with any People, (who unufed to fuch
Treatment, and withal having a good Opinion of tljieir own Strength)
not always in a prefenting Humour, much lefs when their Prefents are
mifcalled Tributes, they pick a Quarrel with them ; and fometimes get
themfelves handfomely drubbed. Some Inftances may be produced.

The Occafion of this War, lays Haedo almoft Verbatim, was by Rea-
fon, that this Sultan or King (for thofe Highland-Princes afllime thatMa-
jeftic Title) and his PrcdeceiTors, confiding in their Mountains, would
never yield any Obedience to the l Vice -Roys of Algiers, or pay

] N. B. Haedo almoft always calls the Bajbas, or Vice-roys of Algiers, Kings.

z them

40$ The History of Algiers.'

them any Tribute as did his Neighbour, the Sultan of Cucco, and other
Highlanders: Nay this Potentate, not contenting himfelf with that his
abfolute Independency, grievoufly infefted the Arabs and Africans in the
Lowlands, who were in Subjection to the Algerines; defcending almoft
daily from his Mountains, and plundering them at Difcretion. And ash e
was a generous, liberal Prince, feveral Renegadoes of Algiers had entered
into his Service, on Account of the good Pay, and other Encouragements
he gave them \ he being extremely defirous of having Fire-arms about
him. After this, many Chrijlian Slaves, from Algiers, began to make, their
Efcapes thither ; to all whom he gave a mod courteous Reception : And
fuch as were difpofed to become Mujfulmans , he accommodated with
Help-mates to their Liking, and a comfortable Maintenance > and thofe
who were otherwife inclined, were at their Liberty, and wanted not En-
couragement for their Service, as his Body-Guards. Thus in a ihort
Space of Time, this active Prince became Pofleflbr of a good Number of
Faziliers-y partly Renegadoes, partly Chriftians. And as near as the
difproportionate Comparifon may bear, he feems to have been of a Genius

not unlike that of a certain Northern Monarch. With thefe and his

own Martial VafTals, he did very confiderable Damage to the Algerine
Territory, and even to the Turks themfelves, whenever they came within
his Reach : For three feveral Camps, from Algiers, having been fent againft
him, he broke and routed them every one : And all the Turks that fell alive
into his Hands, the Punifhment inflicted on them, was cutting off their
Genitals in the Middle, and turning them loofe, with their Hands bound
behind, fo to bleed to Death in the Roads. Upon all thefe Accounts,
Hajfan Bafha, finding himfelf triumphant and powerful after his great
Victory over the Chriftians, which had augmented the Number of his
Slaves by fo many thoufands, determined to commence a War upon this
Prince, and revenge all thofe {hameful Infults. And, in the flrft Place,
perceiving Algiers, both within and without, to be (warming with Chrif-
tians (and much more fo fince the Campaign at Moftaganem) of which
iie himfelf was Matter of an infinite Number, he caufed a Standard to be
fet up in his Bagnio, where his Chriftians were lodged j proclaiming,
<l That whatever Chriftian Captive was inclined to embrace the Muffulman
" Belief, he fhould have his Liberty, and be entered into immediate Pay 5
" on Condition that he ferved in that War againft the King of Beni-
" Abbas.''' This caufed abundance of Spaniards to Apoftatize j and the

2, Excufe

The History ^Algiers. 40$

Excufe they commonly gave for that their Wickednefs, was, <c that they
*' did it merely to have an Opportunity of warring with the Moor: ; and
" that when they pafled from Spain into Barbary, they came not with
any other Intent." Of thefe and other Turks and Renegadoes, the Bajha
formed an Army of 6"ooo Turkijb Foot, 600 Spahis, and in the Way was
joined by 4000 Arab and African Cavalry. With thefe Forces and eightField-
Pieces, he marched Eaft wards j and got near the Enemy early in September.
The Highland King, who had Notice of his Motion, came down from the
Mountain, with 6000 brave Horfe, about 10000 Foot, and for his Guard
a Band of 1000 Fuziliersj Chrifl tans and Renegadoes. BeGdes thefe, many
of his own People had learned of the others to ufe Fire- Arms mod dex-
troufly, and had done very good Execution in former Encounters with
the Turks. And indeed the Algerines had no very great Stomach to this
War : It being certain, that this Abdalaziz was a Perfon of uncommon
Conduct, Bravery and Refolution. But being {hot dead with a Mufquet-
Ball in the Bread, his Troops were difheartened : And a Brother of his
being inverted with the Sovereignty, in his Stead, the new Prince (truck
up a Peace with the Turks, entering into a League offenfive and defensive
with the State of Algiers 5 but without the leaft Tin&ure of VafTalage
or Dependence. " Tho', adds Haedo, at the Arrival of a new Bajha,

c the AbbaJ/t fends him a Compliment, accompanied with a Prefent-
" in Return to which, the Vice-Roy of Algiers prefents him with a rich
" Sabre and a Turkijh Garment. This friendly Correfpondence continues
" to this Day: And in if 80, September 16", came to Algiers a Son of this
" fame new King of Bent- Abbas, to vifit and compliment Jafer Bajba y
" newly arrived from the Levant > bringing with him a Prefent of no
" inconfiderable Value 5 it being about if 00 Gold Ducats, 400 Camels
" and 1000 Sheep."

They are flill upon much the like -Footing : Nor have the Algerines
had any very confiderable Falling-out with Beni-Abbas for many Years,
but what fhall be taken Notice of in due Place. m But upon the lead
Difpute, even the whole Eaft ward Camp dares not attempt pairing
by the Damir Capi, or Al Beban; but is obliged to take a tedious Circum-
ference round the Mountains, and come out by Mefila, upon the Borders
of the Numidian Defartsj by which Way, befides the Tedioufnefs, a fmall

* Vide Vol. I. p. 107.

Ggg Company

4io - ' T.ke His tq%y of Algiers.

Company runs an imminent Hazard of being intercepted and cut" off by
Ouled Madtbi, a powerful Tribe of Arabs, in that Neighbourhood } as I
once experienced, and may, perhaps, obferve elfewhere.

But we muft look a little back to examine what Marmel, more in par-
ticular, fays, of this renowned African Prince ; which having firft given
a brief Account of the Country and People, is to this Purport, viz.
About the middle of the ilxteenth Century, their n Sheikh r or Prince^
was a valiant African, named Abdalaziz, otherwife called Al-Abbafji. (or
the Abbaffide) and was one of the braveft Captains in all Africa, This
noble African was engaged in a furiotfs War with the Prince of Cucco
(or the Ztvduwa) whofe Name was Aben Al-Cadi, upon an ancient, irre-
concilable Grudge fubfifting between thofe People, for many Ages paftj
and as that Prince was, likewife, in Enmity with the Turks of Algiers, on
Account of the Death of Prince p Salem aben Toitmiy whofe Relation he
was* Al-AbbaJJi entered into a League with Hajfan Bafha, Son of Heyra-
din Barba-roffa, who was then Vice-Roy of Algiers-, and, in Conjunction
with this African Prrnce, the Turks did many notable Exploits in thofe
Realms ; more efpecially, they obtained a remarkable Victory in that Ren-
counter with the Tingitanians, where Mulei Abdal-Cader, Al Jilelli, or
Keyklli, Son to the Sberif of Fez, who took Tremizan, loft his Life.
For, at that Juncture, this Abdalaziz was in the Turkifh Camp, which
Was commanded by Ali Corfo-, (whom he mifc ills Haffan Corfo,) who re-
fuiirig to give the Enemy Battel, Al-Abbafji, fcandalized at his Puflllani-
mity, cried out to him aloud s " Al-Caid Ali / On Days like this it is,
a that you are to recompence your Patron for the Bread you have eaten ;
ff\ and not by ftrutting about the Streets of Algiers, in brocaded Caftans'*
But perceiving him ftill backward and irrefolute, foaming with Rage, he
animated his own Highlanders, and thundered down upon the Sheriffs
Army} killing and decapitating the Prince with his own Hand, and car-
rying off the Head upon his Lance. This was the occafion of great En*
inity between this African Prince and the Renegado Al-Caid; as will ap-
pear- Hajfan Bafba returning to the Levant, was fuccecded by Salh<*
Rais: Which Bafba, -acquainted with the Worth and Valour of Abda-
laziz,. confirmed the League and Amity let on Foot by his PredcceiTorj
and was accompanied by him in the Numidian ^Expedition (as has been

Xeque. Labex.. So the Spaniards mif-write. thofe Words. See the Life of Arouje

**"* . * hinted)

The HistORvr of Algiers. 4.11

hinted) at the Head of 1800 Fuziliers on Foot, and 1600 Horfe; Which
Campaign, this Author allures us, the Turks could not poffibly have made
over thofe Defarts, without the Concurrence and Afliftance of Al-Abbaffi.
Nor, indeed would it be a very eafy Matter for any Army to effecT:, were
the Morifma (as the Spaniards cajl any great Body of native Africans)
difpofed ?o interrupt the Paffage. " Yet this Gallant Man, continues he,
" met with the Recompence ufually bellowed by Tyrants on thofe who
" do them Service." For, at his Return to Algiers, from that Expedi-
tion, Al-Caid All, Corfo, who remained behind at Ham%a (a Plain among
th Mountains, in the Way to Mefiia, where the Algerines have a fquarc
Fortrete acid a Garrifonj of which Territory he was Governor, wrote to
Salba Rats, t That, even from feveral of Al-AbbaJJi's own VafTals, he had
certain Intelligence, that he was meditating a Revolt, in order to expei
the Turks from that whole Province. One Day in the Bajha's Palace,
he was told in his Ear, that the Turks had laid a Scheme to fecure his
Perfon : Whereupon he (lipped away privately 5 and, mounting a fwifc
Horfe, he fled to the Mountains ; the Avenues whereof he inftanriy began
to fortify j declaring open War againft the Algerines. The Bajha, with
all fpced fitted out a Camp- to go againft him, left his Infinuations,
among the Natives of thofe Parts, already not over-fatisfied with the Turks
might produce bad Effects. Winter- was juft entered, when the Alge-
rines arrived taear a Place on the Mountain-Side, called Boni, four or five
Miles from Atl-CsJa, where the "Turks had feveral Rencounters with the
Highlander s\ in one of which Sidi Fadhal, one of the Prince's Brothers,
was {lain 5 and the Turks were in a very fair Way to Have treated himfelf
and Troops but indifferently, had not the exceflive Snows which fell on a
fudden obliged them to retire, and foon after to -draw offfcr Algiers. Whcrt
the Camp was departed, Al-Abbaffi raifed Fortifications, after their Man-
ner, in feveral Paws of his Mountains, and cut great Ditches crofs the
Roads > when having put his chief "Town, nam-ed Al-Calade Bern- Abbas,
in the moft defenfible Condition he was able, he defcended into the Level-
Country, and did great Damage >to the VafTals of the Algerines. His
having withttood the Turkiflj Army, and daring thus to infult their Pro-
vince greatly Enhanced his deputation ; iufomuch that he was joined 'by
many petty ^Nations, and -reigned abfolute in-all thofe Quarters. In 1 f f4>
Salba Rais fent againft him .his Sqn.Mabawed Bey, with 1000 TurJufi
Infantry, po Spahis and 6000 Arab Cavalry. This General, intending

Gggz to

4 i2, The History of Algiers.

to attack Jl-Cala [which by the Bye, with fo (mail a Force, was a very
rafh Attempt] had pitched his Camp at Boni : But, advancing to the
Attack, the Politic Abdalaziz differed him to come on a confiderable
Way, without offering any Oppofition j and would have let him approach
as near as he pleafed had not the Turks, at laft, perceived that he induf-
triouily did fo, merely to decoy them farther within the rugged, narrow
PalTes, and then to fall upon their Rear : Upon which they made a Halt j
and in the Night retreated the Way they came, returning to the open
Plain. There Al-Abbajji gave them Battel, in which fell many on both
Sides} and had it not been for the vigorous Afllftance of the Arab Caval-
ry, the Turks would have been utterly routed and cut in Pieces : So that
they got not off without great Lofs and much Difcredit. About this
Time, Mulei Abou-Hajfan was brought to Algiers by Salha Rats. While
that Sofia was conducting him to Fez, a Body of Algerines, being 400
Foot, and ifo Spahis, led by two Renegadoes^ was ordered out towards
thofe Eaftern Quarters, where the impetuous Abdalaziz was lording it at
Pleafure. As thefe Captains were marching in the Way to MefiJa,
thinking to cover a Mountain named Jibil Ay ad, and Parts adjacent,
where the Highland Prince was gathering in Tribute, he amaffed his
Troops, and came down upon them. The Algerines were incamped near
the River r Hammam-, and at Day-break he fell upon them unexpectedly,
giving them fo intire a Defeat, that not one efcaped, except the two
Al-Caids, who got to Mejila, and owed their Lives purely to the Swift-
nefs of their Barbs 1 For the Enemy gave the Turks no Quarter: As for
the Arabs, &c. who accompanied them, Abdalaziz not thirfting for their
Blood r they were only difmounted and difarmed. Though none of them
could get quite away with any better Cioathing than they brought into
the World j, there being enough at Hand who thirfted for their Gar-
ments, even to the lad Tatter. When, after this, AlrAbbaJJi perceived
Salha Rats fuccefsful againft the Sberif, and vi&orious at Bujeya (as
has been obferved in the Life of that Bajha) he began to apprehend a
terrible Storm from that profperous Arm j and kept himfelf pretty much
within his Faftnefles. But before Salha Rats had much Leifure to think of
him* at lead to put his Thoughts in Execution, he was carried off by-

1 So called from the Warmncfe of its Water; cfptciidly at the Source-Head: Of whichr
Uammams there are macy.

the

The HistorV ^Algiers. 415.

the Pcftilencej much to AUAbbaJJ?s Satisfaction. Nor could the ^/<?-
rines, during the domeftic Combuftions we treated of in the pre-
ceding Chapter, attempt any thing againft him 5 all which while he did
juft what he pleafed in theirEaftern Province. When Hajjan Bajha en-
tered upon this his fecond Adminiftration, Al-Abbajji fent very noble Pre-
fents to that his quondam Intimate, renewing with him their former Friend-
fhip} yet would not confide in him fo far as to venture himfelf at AU
giers. This Amity continued a whole Year, during which the Bajha did
him many Courtefies, and, among others, made over to him, as his own
Right and Property, the ToWn of Mejila, bordering on the Numidian
Defart, together with the three Brafs Cannon which Salha Rats had left
there at his Return from Tuggurt, 8cc. adding thereto the whole Revenue
of all that Neighbourhood, andfupplied him even with Engineers to convey
his Cannon to Al-Cala, his Capital Town in the Mountain. There
they flill remain : And I am very much miftaken if Marmol, in this Par-
ticular, is not righter than Haedo, who fays only two Pieces of Cannon*
This was a very impolitic Action of Hajfan BaJJja. To return.
But, when Abdalaziz found himfelf Mailer of this Artillery, he broke
with the Turks: And, befides his own proper Force, he entertained a Body
of dooo Arab Cavalry, amafled among the noble Arab Tribes of Ouled
Ma At hi, Ouled Suliman, Ouled Xahia and Ouled Seyd, who wander in the
circumjacent Plains 5 and with thefe he roamed about the whole Eaftern
Province, laying it all under Contribution. Hajfan Bajha was fo irritated
at this- Ingratitude, that he went againft him in Perfon, at the Head of
25*00 Janifaries, f 00 Spates, many Cbriflian Slaves, and a Multitude of
Arabs, with fome Field -Pieces ; pitching his Camp in the fine, fruitful
Plain of Mejana y juft by a Town of that Name, raifed from the Ruins
of an ancient Roman City, which Ptolomy calls Lare. There his Chrif*
tians built a Fortrefsj. becaufe the Inhabitants of that Town, and adja*
cent Parts, afliired him, " That, except he left there a Garrifon o Turks,
ff to protect them againft the daily Infults and Oppreflions of Al-Abbajji,
" he muft not hope for any Tributes from thofe Quarters." The Fort
being finifhed (which was not a Structure of any great Strength) the Bajha
left there 200 Turks, with fix fmall Field-Pieces of Brafs (being Part of
what Cannon he took from the Chriftians at Mazagran) and departed
thence Eaftwards, to build the Fortrefs at Zamora (where the Algerines
ftill maintain a conftant Garrifon) about twelve Miles from Mejana, on

the

4i4 The History of Algiers.

the Side of a great Mountain. This done, he departed for Algiers; hav-
ing loft above 300 Turks, in divers Skirmishes he had with Al-Abbaffi.
He left near Zamora all his Arabs, together with 400 Turks, under the
Command of a certain Al-Caid, named Hajfun: And was fcarce got out
of Sight, but Al-Abbaffi attacked and routed the whole Camp, cutting
in Pieces every one of the Turks, together with their Leader: Infomuch
that Hdjfan Ba/ba, and the News of that Slaughter of his People, reach-
ed Algiers juft at the lame Inftant. The 200 Turks, in Garrifoo at Mtja-
na, no foon.sr heard of this Defeat, but they, -abandoned the Fort, and got
away to Mefila:. Upon which Al-AbbaJJi levelled it with the Ground, and
carried off to the Mountains the fix Field-Pieces. After this, he conti-
nued a very offenfive War with the Turks, their Subjects and Allies, for
a whole Year longer j at which Time Hajfan Bajb a began a Treaty with
him, demanding a beautiful Daughter of his in Marriage : But being deni-
ed by Al-Abbaffi, he afterwards efpoufed a Daughter of Aheu-M-Gadi,
King of the Zwottwa, or Cucco, the capital and avowed Enemy to the
AM*]Jidt Nation. The two Confederate Powers, with their rcfpe&ve
Armies, marched all along up the f River of Bujeya, burning and deftroy-
ing the Country of Bent- Abbas, as much as poffible: W hereupon Ai-Abbaffi
defcencfed from the Mountain, and waited for them ne*r the River-Side*
with 4000 Fuzilicrs on Foot and fooo Horfe, juft by a Town of his
celled Tezli, at which Pafs he had built a Fort, and drawn a Trench crois
the Road. Hujfa* Bajba led a Body of 3000 TurJaifb Infantry, foo Spuiii,
and 3000 Arab Cavalry* and the King of Cuccq brought ifoo Foot, all
Fire-Arms, and 300 Horfe. May J,, iffp. The Confederates arrived near
the Pafs of Tezh ; and the Turks began to batter the Fort with two Can-
non : When having made a Breach, the King of Cucco drew away to
the Deft, advancing round tbe Mountain- Side, with flying Colours and
a Countenance fo determined, that the Abbaffides in the Fort, perceiving
his Intent, which was to get behind them, and thereby facilitate the
Entrance of the Turks, abandoned it, retreating toward Tezli, wherein
they thought co fortify themfelves : But the Turks allowed them no
Time to execute their Defigns \ follow them cbfe at the Heels, and,
with great Slaughter, clearing the Town Df the Inhabitants, and idi as
te got in, and putting all the reft to a tnft precipitate Flight. When

; "

T Look back to P. 382.

2. Al-

The History of Algiers. 415

Jl-Abajfi beheld this Diforder among his People beneath, he ordered them
to afcend the Mountain, with all Speed, to prevent greater Mifchief; and
with a fmall Body of Cavalry, he polled himfclf on a certain Eminence
in the Way up, to (lop the Career of the purfuing Enemy; in which Poll
he gave many remarkable In (lances of his own perfoivil Bravery. The
King of Cucca, with the Zivouwa, had remained below in the Fort: And
ffaffan Bajha obferving many of his Turks to be (till advancing up the-
Mountains, apprehenfive of what might happen, he difpatched a Chaius
to call them back; fince the Camp was pitched, and they could not be
fuccoured. But thofe forward Turks had fcarce turned Back in order to
.retreat, but Al-AbbaJJi thundered down upon their Rear, and attacked
them fo vigoroOfly, that many of them call away their Arms the better
to ply their Heels ; and killing (ixty of them , he recovered the Fort
and Town of Tezli : At laft, Night obliged bo*h Parties to feek their
Quarters. Three or four Days after this, Hajfan Bajba led his People
up to a level Place on the Side of the Mountain, called Soqtie al-Tbala-
tha, or Tuefday's- Market (us in effect it is) and which is the Burial-Place
of the AbbaJJide Family. There enfued a very fmart Engagement, which
lafted from Morning till Noon* when Al- Abbaffi ordered his Troops to
withdraw from theMountain-Top r himfelf remaining on an Eminence with
only two Banners, and a very few Horfe, facing the Turks* with whom
he had SkirmilTied a considerable while; giving them feveral notable Re-
pulfes. But, at length, animated with too much Fire, he cemerariqufly
ventured fo far a-head of his (lender Guard, that he (buck his Lance even
into the main Battalion of the Janifaries, who received him with fuch a
clofe Volley 6r~S^3t, that both he and his Horfe fell dead amidit the
furrounding Enemy: Who advancing briskly, in order to prevent his
Followers from recovering the Body, they put them to Flight ; and con-
veying it to the Camp, they there decapitated that breathlefs Warrior.
This valiant African, continues Marmot, had on two exceeding fine
Coats-of-Mail ; and bore a Lance, Target and very rich Sabre. He was
a molt comely, graceful Perfonage, very robuft, and, to all Appearance,
x prodigious Strength. The Turks followed their Blow, and marched
tap the . Mountain as .high as a Place called Tineri a /And the hal/-
confufed Highlanders, to amufe them, made feigned Overtures of de-
livering up the Keys of Al-Cala, their Metropolis ; upon certain fpecified
Conditions, not very difagreeable to the Algerines. But during thefe.Ne-

I gociaiions,

41 tf The Hi s f o ry of A l g I E R s.

gociations, the Abbaffides unaniraoufly faluted, as their Sultan, or King, Sidi
Mucron, to fupply the Place of his deceafed Brother, the brave Abdalaziz :
And the new Prince renewed the War with greater Fury than ever. The
Turks continued in the Mountain eight Days longer j When perceiving the
little Good was to be done there, amidft fuch uncooth and rugged FaftnefTes,
.where, from behind Trees and Rocks, they hourly met Death from Hands
they faw not, and had already loft feveral hundreds j with this Confide-
i-ation, I fay, and becaufe News was brought them, that the Sherif of
Fez was again advancing towards Tremizan, they broke up, and returned
to Algiers ; bearing as a Trophy the Head of the gallant Abdalaziz. * At
* this Day, continues this Author, Sultan Mucron is Lord of thofe Moun-
tc tainous Regions, and over-runs that whole Circumference at Pleafure;
** compelling even the Arab Tribes in the bordering Defans to pay him
" Tribute, in fprte of the Turks and the King of Cucco, with whom he
* c maintains a perpetual War."

This Narrative, though fomewhat minute, and, perhaps, too prolix,
is, neverthelefs, not unworthy a Place in this Hiftory : If for no other Rea-
fon, than its being certainly genuine ; and as it gives a lively Idea of what
Neighbours the Algerines have to cope withal. The AbbaJJide Family (mean-
ing this of Africa, Sovereigns of Beni-Abbas) go by the Surname of Mu-
cron 5 perhaps from this Brother of the warlike Abdalaziz. They
pretend to he Sburfa (or Sberifs-, whofe Plural is Sburfa) of the
Tribe of Ha/bent; and all their bed Cavaliers are actually fo named : Thefe
Hafhem of Africa are a Body of feveral hundreds, and are deemed the
braveft and mod expert Cavalry in all Barbary j none excepted. If they
are really a Branch of the Afiatic Hajhemioun, as they feem to infinuate,
and fcarce ever learn any Tongue but Arabic, they are no Way related
to the Beni-Abbas, but are natural Arabs, of Arabia ; whereas the others
are real and mod ancient Africans, not much acquainted with even the
Language of the Arabians. This {hall fuffice at prefent, concerning thefe
People (ftill referring the curious Reader to what Hints have been given
in the Introduclion) till we fhall have Occaiion to fay fomething of Bou-
zead, or Abon-Zead abou Mucron, the reigning Sultan of Beni-Abbas,
who about eleven or twelve Years fince fell out with the Algerines, and had

_____ _

1 Marmsl concludes his Hiltory of Africa t about 1 570. It was publifhcd at Granada in
1573- ,.

1 divers

The History ^/Algiers. 417

divers fmart Conflicts ; and at forae of the Rencounters I happened
to be prefent. I left the Country foon after Matters were adjufted, and
Bouzead very likely to remain what I here call him, viz. The reigning
Sultan. To return to our more immediate Subject.

Tho' Marmol takes no Notice of the Peace (truck up by the Algerines be-
fore their Departure, yet Haedo affirms ft, and goes on to this Effect,
v iz. Hajfan Bajha, returning home with this Agreement, lay at Al-
giers for near two Years wholly inactive. Having himfelf efpoufed the
King of Cucco's fair Daughter, he would needs marry, at the fame
Time, a Niece of that Sultan to a great Favourite of his, named Al-Caid
Hajfan, a Renegado Greek, Nephew to that famous Corfair Ochali, of
whom we fhall have Occafion to treat in a fucceeding Chapter. With
great Solemnity, thofe young Ladies were conducted to Algiers, from the
Mountains, under a ftrong Guard of Turkijl) and Moorifo Cavalry; and,
with the utmoft Rejoicing and Magnificence, thofe Nuptials were cele-
brated. This occafloned Hajfan Bajba to comply with his new Father-
in-Law's Requefl, of what, till then, could never be obtained j viz. A
free Trade with Algiers ; more particularly for the Exportation of Con-
trabands, as Fire-Arms, Powder, &c. of which thofe Mountaineers were
then very greedy, but are now fufficiently flocked ; nay, even with to-
lerable Artificers of their own : And they may not unjuftly be called, an
ingenious, induftrious People. Licence being once granted for that Sort
of Commerce, the Roads became continually thronged with Zwcuwa,
flocking to Algiers-, from whence they never returned but loaded with
fome of thofe Commodities. It was not without an Eye of J ealoufy that the
Turks beheld their Streets never free from Crouds of furly-looking Highland-
ers i a People they could not like, merely becaufe they were valiant and would
not be their VafTals. But to fee them driving the Trade they did, put them
beyond all Patience; as dreading the Confequences : And that not altoge-
ther without Reafon ; as they have fince experienced : All thofe Mountains
being now full of as good Marksmen as any in the'Univerfe, among whom it
would be a difficult Matter for a young Fellow to get even a Wife, worth
having, before he is Matter of a Fuzil ; and of which they are all fo ex-
tremely nice and careful, that they feldom care to touch their Arms with
the bare Hand, left they fhould be foiled ; in which Points they are much
nicer than even the Turks of Algiers themfelves, who, one may fafely ven-
Vol. II. H h h ture

4i8 The History of Algiers,

ture to affirm, are, in raoft things of that Nature, fcarce to be out-done
in Nicety and Cleanlinefs.

A. D, iftfi. All this carrying with it a fufpicious Afpect, the Turks
began, in earneft, to be alarmed : Nor lay their real Sentiments long
dormant. They would not be perfuaded, but that a Negociation was
on Foot, between his Highland Majefty and Hajfan Bajha, detrimental to
the Ottoman Intereft > as tending to a general Revolt of thofe Provinces,
of which this Vice-Roy aimed at the Sovereignty, independent of the
Turkijb Sultan : And one Day in September, their Jealoufy was raifed to
a more than ordinary Pitch, upon perceiving, in the principal Street alone,
more than 600 Zwouwa, gathered together in Parties, talking and look-
ing with as much Aflurance as they could have done at their own Homes r
Of all which, as a very unufual Sight, the Turks thought much j thofe
of Algiers in particular being a Set of Sparks who will not allow any to
be impudent, but themfelves. Bofnoc Hajfan, Aga of the Janifaries, as
the Perfon who, by his Poll, had the beft Title to apply a Remedy to
fo growing an Evil, immediately called a Diwan, or Council -, whereat
it was concluded, peremptorily, to demand the Bajba inftantly to iflue
out a Proclamation, forbidding, on Pain of prefent and irremifllble Death,
any Zwouwi from offering to purchafe Contrabands, meaning Arms and
Ammunition of any Sort, and prohibiting the People of Algiers, and its
Domain, from felling them any, under the like Penalty. This being
done, the Aga, in Conjunction with the Bey-ler-Bey, or General-
iffimo, in the Name of the whole Body of the Militia, fent the Bajha an-
other no lefs abfolute Demand 5 which was to give Orders that, within
two Hours, every Zwouwi fhould depart from Algiers, upon Pain of being
cut in Pieces. The Town being cleared, a great Number of Janifaries,
headed by their Aga, and his officious Affiftant, u Cwfa* Mebemed, the
Bey-ler-Bey, went to the Palace, and there feized the Bajha; whom,
having ftrongly fettered, they committed to a clofe Prifon, well guarded.
From thence they went to the Habitation of Ocbali-, whom, together with
his before- mentioned Nephew, Al-Caid Hajfan, they inftantly fecured in
Irons. With all poffible Expedition, fix Gallies were fitted out, and, with
thofe three fettered Prifoners, fent to Confiantinople : AxvH the two Joint-
Confpirators took on themfelves the Adminiftration. This fecond Time,

* Coufa, or Cufa> in Turkijb, fignifiea one whofe Beard grows very thin.

Hajfan

The History of Algisks. 41*

Hajfan Bajha governed the State about four Years and four Months, viz.
from June iff 7, to October if6i.

Bosnoc Hassan Aga and Cousa Mehemed;
' Joint-Deputies, with the Title of Khalifas.

Thefe Deputies were both reckoned natural Turks-, tho' the Aga was
a Native of Bojnia, as the Word Bofnoc implies : They governed the
State about five Months 5 nothing remarkable occurring under their Ad-
ministration. Haffan Bajha knew fo well how to tell his Story, at the
Porte, that he and his two Companions were foon declared innocent, and
fet at Liberty.' But a new Bajha being appointed, he no fooner arri-
ved at Algiers, but the two officious Deputies were feiied and fent away,
in Irons, to Conjlantinople, where they loft their Heads. Bofnoc Haffan
was aged forty two, tali of Stature, rather lean than plump, and of a
brown Gomplexion. Couj'a Mehemed was about fifty, middle- fized and
corpulent* He had large Eyes, a Roman Nofe, and was fomewhat fwarthy.

A ham ed Bash a.

A. D. if 61. About the middle of February, this Year, Ahamed Bajha
arrived at Algiers, with fix of the Grand Signor's Galiies , where he met
with a more than ordinary good Reception, on Account of his being a
very great Favourite of the Sultan's. The firft Step he took was to fecure
and fend away his Predeceftbrs. As it was and ftill is the Cuftom,
for all Perfons in any public Employ, to prefent the new Comer with
Sums of Money, and other Donatives, the Algerines (trove, with Emula-
tion, who fhould make his Court firft, and in the handfomeft Manner, to
this Bajha, upon his Acceflion : All which he fwallowed with an exceflive
Greedinefs. He was much noted for his Avarice* during the many Years
of his being Bojlanji-Bajhee, or Head- Gardiner to Sultan Suliman, and with,
all much in that Monarch's Favour : And he is faid, only out of the Fruits
and Herbs of thofe Gardens, to have accumulated a prodigious Mafs of
Wealth 5 with Part of which he purchafed this Vice-Royalty, from Rofa,
v H h h 1 the

410 The History of Algiers.

the Sultan's favourite Miftrefs. Nor could he forget his old Trade, when
he came to his new Government : But left no Means uneffayed to re-imburfe
himfelf, to the general Difgufl of the People over whom he prefided*
But he did not long trouble them : For, at four Months End, he was
carried off by a bloody-Flux. He lies interred under a Dome among
the other Bajbas. His Age was about fixty ; his Beard quite grey. He
was very robuft, tall, corpulent and fwarthy. 'Till farther Orders from
Above, the Vacancy was fupplicd by his Kayia, or Lieutenant, a Perfon
we have fpoken of before j w viz.

Al-Caid Yah i a, Deputy-Vice-Roy: The fecond and
lafi Time of his Officiating.

This Man ruled fomewhat more than four Months, in great Tranquil-
lity : Nor did any thing happen in his Time worth remarking. After this*
he lived privately in great Honour and Efteem, till if 70, which being
the fixtieth Year of his Age, he died not long after his Return from Tunis y
whither he accompanied Alt Bajha, Farias, vulgarly called Ochali. The
Occafion of his Death was this. At the Bombardment of the Goletta^ a
fmall Cannon-Shot from one of the Barks upon the Lake, grazed clofe
by the Calf of his right Leg, without touching the Boot 5 yet the Wind of
it threw him down, and the whole Limb became utterly difabled and black
asSoot. He was brought alive to Algiers, in a Litter, thb' in great Mifery,
and languifhed fome Months 5 for no Remedy would avail, even to give
him the lead Refpite. He was tall, lufty, and fwarthy, his Eyes
large and black, with a Beard very bufhy. He left one Daughter, Heirtis
to much Wealth, which he had by Haji's Daughter. This Lady is ftiil
living, fays Haedo, and is named Leila Aijha, married to Al-Caid Daud.
.She buried him, very decently, among the other principal Algerittes, without
Beb-al-U r eyd.

7 Look back to P. 397.

CHAP.

The History <?/Algiers. 421

CHAP. XL

Basha XIV. Hassan Basha. The third and laft Time

of his Adminiflration.* Some Account of the A l-

gerines at /^Siege ofMxhTh. The Hiftory of the
famous Corfair, Dragut Rais.

An. Bom, 1 f6z.

THE Services and great Merits of the Barba-rojfas, tho' fo long after
their Deceafe, were certainly and apparently, very inftrumental towards
the Advancement of Hajhan Bajha, Son of Heyradin Barba-rojfa, to the
Bajbalic of Algiers, notwithstanding the Multitude and Power of his
invidious Enemies and Competitors: Nor could it once be faid, that he
was ever looked on with a very evil Eye by the grateful and generous *S#-
Viman j which upon this third and laft Occafion appeared clearer than ever.
For, befides that Monarch's fo readily accepting his Excufes, in a Cafe which
was far from wanting even very ftrong and prefumptive Sufpicions, and
a Cafe of no lefs Importance, than the difmembring fuch a State from the
Empire, he, likewife, refufed not the facrifking his Accufers to his Re-
fentment, nor the reftoring him to his Poft -, tho' to the utter Difcontent
of many principal Perfons, and more particularly, of one of his raoft inti-
mate Grandees. Tho' it is not unlikely, that thefe Favours were, in great
Meafure, owing to the rich Prefents he made to Rofa, and the chief Bajhas
of the Court. To conduct him to his Government Piali Bajha, the
Grand Admiral of the Ottoman Fleets, furnifhed him with ten Royal Gal-
lies, which were Part of thofe he took from the Spaniards, at the Ifland
Jerba, in if 6*0.

At the Beginning of September, this Year, he once more arrived at Algiers :
And the Joy and Satisfaction, for his unexpected Appearance, were fo gene-
ral, that even the Women, notwithflanding their Retirednefs, crouded
on the Terraces of the Houfes, and with loud and joyful Acclamations, wel-
comed him to his native Country. And, as it was ufual, as we obferved,
for the new Bajhas to take up their Lodging,, for fome Days, in a certain

Houfc

4i2 The History of Algiers.

Houfe near the Marine Gate, till the Palace was evacuated, Hajfan BaJJja
went up directly to the Palace j thereby giving to underftand, that he
deemed Ahamed Bafha, though exprefly commiffioned from the Sultan,
as no other than a Ufurper of his Right, and that, had he been ftill liv.
ing, he would have ferved him in the very fame Manner. He immedi-
ately began to make mighty Preparations for fome great Expedition, with-
out acquainting any with his Defigns : Which were to befiege Or an and
Marfa-al-Kebir , and that not only with the View of gaining Honour, by
attacking Places of their Strength and Importance, but to revenge himfelf
upon the Janifaries, for their late Infolence.

A. D. 1^63. Early in February , this Year, he fet out with a greater
Force than any Bajba of Algiers ever did, either before or fince : For be-
tween Turks, Renegadoes, Kul-Oglous and Morifcoes, his Army confirmed of
no les than 1 f coo Foot, all Fuziliers, from the City of Algiers alone 5 to-
gether with 1000 Spabis. His Father-in-Law, the King of Cucco, fur-
nilhcd him with a confiderable Body of African Cavalry, which, with others
fent him by fevetal Sheikhs, amounted to 10000. By Sea he fent thirty
two Gallies and Galeots, full of Artillery, Ammunitions, and all warlike
Stores j which were accompanied by three large French VeiTels, laden with
Bifcuit, Oil and other neceflary Provisions. He thought fit firft to at-
tack Marfa~al-Kebir, in order to poffefs himfelf of its fpacious Port 5 and
becaufe that Place was of greater Strength and Importance. April 3,
he laid Siege to it j and after a furious and terrible Battery of feveral Months
almoft-inceffant Continuance, and divers fmart AfTaults, which coft both
Parties much Blood, he was at length forced to break up, and depart very
precipitately ; being informed of the near and long-expedled Approach
of Prince D'Oria, with a powerful Succour, on the Gallies of Genoua,
Naples and Sicily. Don Martin de Cordoua, Marquis De Cortes, (who
fome Time before had rartfomed himfelf with a great Sum of Money from
his Captivity at Algiers, and was Governor of that Fortrefs under his elder
Brother, Don Alonfo, Captain- General of thole Garrifons) had made a Gal-
lant Defenfej otherwife it was thought that the Algerines would, certainly 5
have then carried their Point. The Bafha got to Algiers towards July :
And in that City, for a long while, nothing was to be heard but the Cries
and Lamentations of Women, for the Lofs of their Friends and Relations.
Not with (landing which Hajfan Bafha could not poffibly diflemble his Sa-
tisfaction at his being rid of abundance of his profefFed Enemies, who had

1 periihed

7he History ^Algiers. 425

periihed in that Expedition. Much to this purpofe fays Haedo. But
MarmoU as ufual, is very circumftantial ; From whom take thefe few Par-*
ticulars.

The Bajha wrote to the Kings of Cucco and Beni- Abbas for their Troops j
both which Princes readily agreed to fend all they could poflibly fpare,
provided he went not againft the S her if : Becaufe, as he kept fecret his
Intentions, mod People furmifed the War was levelled at the Tingitana.
The King of Cucco's Son brought 6000 Men, Horfe and Foot j and the
King of Beni- Abbas fent a like Number, under the Conduct of an expe-
rienced Officer. The Chriftians would never venture without the Walls
of either Place, though the Enemy daily braved them at their very Gates, a
considerable while before the Siege began, the Turkijh Fleet not being yet arri-
ved : The Spanijh General thinking it very well if he could ftand his Ground
within Doors. One Morning, indeed, as the Bajha, in Perfon, went with
an Ingenier and a Party of Horfe, to reconnoitre the Walls of Or an Part
of the Garrifon fallied to diflurb him ; with whom he had a Skirmifh of
about three Hours, without any very confiderable Damage to either Party :
However, the Chriftians were repulfed, and Hajfan Bajha having, leifurely
done what he came for, went and did the like at Marfa-al-Kebir, and Fore
S. Miguel, which had been lately built by the Count Don Alonfo, for the
better Defenfe of that large Fortrefs. To employ himfelf till the Gallies
came, Hajfan Bajba having removed his Camp to a certain Fountain near Or an
upon an Eminence, where the Artillery could not damage his Incampment.
This Place is not far from a Fort named 'Torre de los Santos, or the Tower
of the Saints: From that Tower the Spaniards in Garrifon killed feveral
Straglers, as well with fmall Shot as from three or four little Field- Pieces.
This imaged the Bajha -, infomuch that he refolved immediately to fcale
it 5 and foon put his Refolution in Execution. But thofe few Spaniards
made a notable Defenfe j being favoured by the Cannon from Torre del Hacho
another Tower, and probably would have repulfed the Invaders, had not
a wicked Fellow, among them, got away to the Turkijh Camp, with
a Defign of Apoftatizing, and acquainted the Bajha with their Weaknefs.
The Bajha fent him back to fummon them, and, in his Name, to offer
them free Leave to retire to Oran, in cafe they inftantly gave up the Fort.
This pernicious Counfel they embraced : But the Bajha kept not his Pro-
mife> fince they were all made Slaves. The Count was much difturbed
at the Lofs of that Tower 5 and very preffingly wrote to Spain for Succour-,

which

42 4 The History <?/ Algiers*

which could not fpeedily be obtained j almoft all the Spanijh Gallics hav-
ing been lately caftawayj with their General and whole Equipage, at Fort
Herradura. And to attempt fending Recruits on weak V effete, would be
no other than putting them into the Mouth of the Enemy j whofe Bri-
gantines, and other imall Craft, were very thick upon all thofe Coafts :
So that, of NeCeflity, they muft wait for the Gallies, of Italy, &c.
On the other Hand, Hajfan Bajha, finding himfelf fo unexpectedly Matter
of that Fort, left Part of his Camp to beleager Oran, while he marched
a League farther Weftward, to attempt- Fort S. Miguel, above Marfa-al-
Kebir-y pitching his Camp on the Hill over it, out of Reach of the Can-
non. Sending fome Turks, with a Renegado to fummon the Fort, the Com-
mander ordered the\Renegado Summoner to be fhor at, while he was mak-
ing them Propofals, from the Bajba, for their fafe Paffage to Spain. At
this Hajfan Bajba was fo incenfed, that without waiting for his Artillery,
or other warlike Machines, which were coming in the Fleet of Gallies,
he caufed a Quantity of Branches to be cut, wherewith to fill up the Ditch,
and attempted to carry the Fort by Scalado. But being repulfed with Lofs,
though the Turks behaved with the utmoft Gallantry and Refolution, he
refolved to wait till the Arrival of the Battering Cannon. However, be-
ing very defirous of that Fort, which was the Key of the whole Place, he
fent a Neapolitan Renegado, who had been very intimate with Don Martin,
while he was a Captive at Algiers, to try whether, by Perfuafion, he could
Wing him to aSurrendry. The Renegado, having with him a Flag of Truce,
afked to fpeak with that Nobleman j who, upon being told who inquired
for him, immediately came up from the Fonrefs. After fome particular
Difcourfe, Don Martin difmiffed his Vifitorj telling him: that he fhould
acquaint the Bajha, from him, " That if he thought himfelf bound in
cc Duty to the Sultan, his Patron, to endeavour the reducing that Fortj he
<e himfelf was no lefs bound in Duty to his Sovereign, the King of Spain,
" to defend it, as far as he was.able: But that, if he could ferve his Excel -
M lency in any other Affair, hcfhould be always very ready." When the
Algerine Fleet arrived, Marja- al-Kebir was befieged by Sea and Land 5 aid
a Squadron, of Gallies was pofted in order to keep off all Relief, by Sea 5
and by Land, all the Paffes were fecured, by which the Arabs might at-
tempt to throw in Proviiions. Hajfan Bajba carried on his Batteries and
AfTaults with fuch Fury,- that this Author calls him Fierce Pagan-, nor does
he make the Defenfe lefs refolute than the Attack : And he fails not to
4 make

The History ^/Algiers. 4,2$

make all the Encounters to be obftinate and not bloodlefs; never forget-
ting to extol his Spaniards. < < Fort S. Miguel being much diftrefled,
Don Martin wrote to the Count his Brother for Succour; whofent him,
by Sea, 130 Soldiers, and what elfe he moft wanted : And the Barks, which
brought them, happily got into the Haven ; by Reafon that the Turkijh
Gallies, &c. left to guard the Entrance, had been forced from thence by
ftormy Weather. Great Diligence was ufed to repair the Damages done
to the Walls of that important Fort, by the incefTant Cannonading. Haf-
fanBaJha refolved to have it if poflible; and prepared for a general AfTault 5
at which he would needs be prefent. All the Artillery was brought- to
beat upon it; and at Day-break began to play furioufly; which terrible
Battery, in a very little Space of Time , laid level hot only the new
Repairs, but much widened the former Breaches. The Signal being
given, he advanced refolutely at the Head of his whole Force. The
lately fent Recruits flood thofe in the Fort in very great Stead; for the
Attack was made very much in Earned. But, fays my Author, the Spa-
niards fought like Lions. A bold Turk planted the Bajba's Standard upon
the Wall ; but enjoyed not long the Glory of that gallant Exploit 5 he
being foon cut in Pieces, together with a' confiderable Number of brave
Janifaries and Levents, who flrove that Day to excel each other in Bra-
very ; and that the rather becaufe in Prefence of their Captain-General.
After this firft Attack and Repulfe, the Bajba drew off and re-commen-
ced the Battery ; and a little before Noon, he marched up again fo vigo-
roufly, that two Standards were immediately feen flying on the Top of the
Breach. Tho' the Spaniards behaved fo manfully, that thofe few left
more than 1 000 of the Enemy dead upon the Spot, yet they could not re-
move the two Standards, with which they were ftill pufhing on to gain
Ground. While Hajfan BaJJja was exciting his repulfed Turks to renew
the AfTault, a Shot from the great Fortrefs took off two AUCaids
who were clofe by him, and Part of a Stone, mattered by the fame Ball,
Wounded him in the Face. " Yet, fo far , fays this Author, was the
tC Pagan from flinching thereat, that with greater Fury than ever he
c urged on his Troops to Battel." The Conflict was furious > and the
Enemy once more repulfed. Fifty Recruits got into the Fort that Nighr,
and were much welcomed by the fatigued Garrifon. But'their Chiefs, finding
the Enemy working at a Mine, determined to abandon a Port: they then
defpaired of defending. Eight Soldiers, under Covert of the Nighr, at-
Vol.II. I i i tempted

426 The History of Algiers.

tempted to get to the Fortrefs, to acquaint Don Martin with* their Condition,
and demand a Body of Men to fecure their Retreat. But the Bajba, mif-
trufting fome fuch Matter, had ported a fufficient Number of Turks to in-
tercept them. Of thofc Spaniards four were killed, and three taken j but
the eighth had the Addrefs to conceal himfelf among the Rocks, and at
length by fwimming to reach Marfa-al-Kebtr, Don Martin being infor.
med of all by this Meflenger, fent ioo Soldiers to bring off the Garrifon.
Thefe found them already on the Way, and engaged with a Party of
Turks; whom they obliged to retreat, and then they brought off all the
wounded Spaniards , left in the Fort by the retiring Garrifon. The
Cbrijiians loft two Captains and twelve Soldiers. Hajfan Ba/ba, joy-
ful at this Succefs, turned three Cannon, from his new-gained Fort, a-
gainft the great Fortrefs, whofe Wall, on that Side, he began to batter.
Don Martin, muftering his Garrifon, found he had but 4^0 in a fighting
Condition. However, he chearfully repaired the Damages he received,
and prepared for a vigorous Deienfe, with the utmoft Prudence and Re-
folution. Confiderable Breaches being made, the Bajba lent to fummon
Don Martin j offering him any Conditions he would demand. In Re-
turn to which he only faid -, " That he wondered much, why Hajfan
" Bajba, having made fo good a Breach, did not begin his Attack." Per-
ceiving how little Advantage he was like to reap by Treaty, the Bajba,
that Evening, aflembled all his Chiefs, and concluded the next Morning
they (hould give a general Afftult. Having fired all the Cannon, that
they might advance under Covert of the Smoak with lefs Damage, the
Infidels began to move. In the Front marched 1 2000 Arabs and Africans,
upon whom the Cbrijiians fpent their fir ft Fury, by a general Difcharge
of their, great and fmall Shot. After them advanced the main Body of
the Janifuries : And next came the Bajba with a ftrong Guard of Turks
and Renegadoes. A great Body of Referve was waiting the Event, ready
to affift where needful 5 while the reft carried on the (everal Attacks.
Eighteen Gallies, on which were 2,000 Turks, attacked by Sea. Much
Gallantry was {hewed on both fides > and the AlTailants were at length re-
pulfed, not without confiderable Lofs, and among the reft fell many of their
boldctl Janijaries and Levents. " The Cbrijiians, this Day, fought moft
" valiantly : Nor did any Soldier count himfelf a Man, who had not Gain
** feveral Enemies." Of the Barbarians perifhed upwards of if 00, of
which Number 600 were either Turks or Renegadoes : And they left twen-
ty four Ladders Handing againft the Walls of the Fortrefs. Being retired,

they

The Histort <?f Algiers. 427

they miffed the Al-Caid of Tremizan; and the Bajha, knowing that he had
been left difabled in the Ditch, fent, as a very particular Favour, to intrcat
Don Martin's Permiflion to bring off a certain wounded Turk (without
naming the Perfon) to whom he had fome Regard: And his Requeft was
courteously granted } even without farther Inquiry. When the Turks,
who were fent on that Errand, had found him they wanted, together
with two of his Domeftics, likewife maimed by his Side, they brought
them away. The wounded Al-Caid, fenflble 0$ Don Martin's Generofity
towards him, called out aloud j " GOD give Victory to fogood a Cavalier
W For he certainly merits it, by his Valour and Courtely." Hajfan Bajha
rejoiced exceedingly at his Efcape, and caufed him to be carefully attended,
till his perfect Recovery: Which was no more than his DefertS} he real-
ly being a very brave Soldier. Yet, never-the-more for this Civility, was
the Pagan's Fury a Whit appeafed : But, the very next Morning, with a
Rage greater than ever, he gave another AfTaulr, managed juft like that
of the Day before* But the Defendants being in excellent Order to receive
him, they refilled bravely j and the Al-Caid of Mojiaganem, Jafer Aga^&cc*
being forely wounded, and more than 300 Janifaries, with other Turks,
being {lain outright, the reft began to retreat. The fierce and impatient
Mind of Hajfan Bajha, this Day more particularly, unable to brook thefe
Difgraces, he ran directly to the Battery j where taking off his * Turbantj
he rolled it down into the Ditch, crying out} " For Shame, Mujfulmans /
" What an Indignity is this to the TurkiJJi Name, that we fhould be thus
" repulfed by a few v Goats in their Pen." When, perceiving his Words
to be of fmall Effect, he drew his Scimetar, and with his Target in Handj
he began furioufly to advance, faying} " Since you fhew your Backs, I
u will be myfclf the Sacrifice, and die fighting, tObexpiate your Cowardice
" and Difhonour!" But being detained by fome Al-Caids, the Turks a-
gain gave the Onfet. Yet fo were they intimidated, that the Attack was
not of any long Continuance } but they foon drew off} leaving the Chrif-
tians extremely joyful at their Deliverance from that Peril. The Day fol-
lowing, while the Turks were battering very warmly, to encourage the
Befieged, the Count, from Or an, at the Head of his Cavalry, came with-
in Sight of theFortrefs. And the fame Day came in two Atgerine Cruifers
with a Spanijh Prize, from Malaga, laden with Wheat, Bifcuit, Oil, Cheefei
&c. And foon after them arrived eight others, with Ammunition and Pro-

* The Turkijh Word is fulipant. It is raiely ufed. r A Turkijh Phrafe.

1 i i i vifions,

42*- The History of Algiers.

vifions, from Algiers, to the great Joy of the Enemies, who began to be
in extreme Want of all Neceflaries. After this, they gave another very
fmart Attack, which lafted from Morning till Sun-fet 5 when the Bajha,
to his great Mortification, finding he met with nothing but Blows, found-
ed a Retreat. Soon after, arrived Prince Gio. Andrea D'Oria, with thirty
three Royal Gallies, well manned with Veterans, and a great Number
of the principal Gentry of Spam, Italy, &c. As they were coming, the
Chiefs were of feveral Opinions, how to proceed, in order to prevent
the Turks Fleet from efcapmg : But the contrary Weather they met with
caufed all their Schemes to prove abortive. At length, being more atten-
tive to fuccour Marfa-al-Kebir, which was in manifeft Danger, than
upon any thing elfe, rowing in the very Teeth of the Wind, they got
to Baya de Pian, when it was broad Day-Light j where they were foon
difcovered by a Turkijh Galeot, left there in Guard j which immediately
firing its Middle-Gun, as a Signal to the reft, which were at Cape Falcon*
fpeeded away to its Conforts, and then they all took the Way to Algiers*
The Cbrijiian Admiral, perceiving the Enemy's Motions, thinking it need-
lefs to purfue, with fo little Profpect of Succefs, made a Signal for the
Gallies to defift from attempting to follow; and bearing down for Oran,
in his Way thither he took five Algerine Galeots, which the Turks had
abandoned, together with four French VefTels, whereon were eighteen
Cbriftians j which Veflels had brought Pro virions, &V.' from Algiers*
This done, he advanced to Marfa-al-Kebir, where he caufed all the Sol-
diery to leap alhore, with only their Arms. Upon this the Befiegers and
the Befieged inftantly changed Conditions : For Hajban Bajba no fooner
beheld the Gallies, but he ftruck his Tents, and marched off towards
Moftaganem ; the Rear being brought up by the Janifaries* A Party of
Horfe fet out on the Purfuit j but perceiving the Enemy to be far a-head,
they foon gave over. The Turks, much mortified, and in a wretched
Plight, returned to Algiers.* Thus Marmol: And by this and other

Extracts to be found in this Hiftory, any indifferent Eye may eafily judge
of that Author's Manner of delivering a Story. The Bajba alone

feemed calm, fedate and even pleafed 5 as not being able to diiguife
a lingular Satisfaction he enjoyed, in being thus completely revenged on
his turbulent Janifaries, whom he had conducted where fo many of thofe
his Infukers had been knocked on the Head : And he had, in petto, another
fuch Jobb, to rid himfclfof the Remnant j as will foon appear. As

for

The History ^Algiers. 423

for the * Fort, near Oran, taken by Hajfan Bajha, tho' my Authors are
wholly filent, we are not to doubt, but that the Turks quitted it, imme-
diately upon the Appearance of the Armada.

That Armada, having miffed its Aim in intercepting the Algerine Galli-
es, bore away for their Settlement at * Penon de Velez, : But in attempting
to root out thofe reftlefs Corfairs from that their commodious Lurking-
Place, the Cbriftians received a notable Repulfe from the Handful of Turks
there in Garrifon. But the Year following, i yO"4, Don Garcia de Toledo
Vice-Roy of Catalonia, who commanded a mighty Fleet, whereon was
the Flower of Chriflendom, had far better Succefs, and carried that feem-
ingly impregnable Fortrefs, on a fcarce-acceffible Rock. Which, acord-
ing to M. VAbbe de Vertot and others, he could never have effected, had
not the fmall Garrifon oS Algerine s been bafely deferted by their pusillani-
mous Governor. This Hiftorian makes them but thirty} tho' Marmot,
who is very circumftantial, fays fifty, and that they were reinforced by
100 more, from Algiers, As for Haedo, he mentions it not at all. This
Lofs was much regretted by the Algerines, and even by Sultan SuJiman,
who vowed Revenge, efpecially on the Knights of Malta, who bore a
great Part in its Reduction.

For this and other Reafons, Hajfan Bajha was highly incenfed againfl
that noble Military Order 5 and, backed by Dragut Rais (of whom we
{hall foon have Occafion to make much Mention) was ftrenuoufly follici-
ting the Ottoman Sultan to attack their Ifland. That Monarch wavered
fome Time: Butfomething happened, which, more than all the reft, brought
him to a Refolution how to employ the powerful Fleet he had been fit-
ting out for fome Months before.

A, D. if 64. A Turki/h Maon, or Galeon, enormoufly large, laden
with the Treafures of the Eaft, and mounted with twenty prodigious
Cannon, with many others of a fmaller Size, all Brafs, well manned with
expert Officers, and more than 200 Janifaries, befides Mariners, was en-
countered, between the Iflands Zant and Cephalonia, by the feven Mal-
tefe Gallies, as they were returning from the Conqueft of El Peton de
Felez. Of thefe five belonged to the Order, and the others to theGrand-
Mafter. The Rais, or Captain of that VefTel was a brave Turk, named,

* Mentioned in P. 423. * Look back to P. 374 and 379.- . Marmot L. 4. treats

very largely of that Place.

Bairam-

430 The History of Algiers.

Bairarx-Oglou, and that noble Galeon appertained to the Kiz-ler Jga, Chief
of his Ottoman Majefty's Black Eunuchs : And feveral of the principal
Ladies of the Seraglio were greatly interefted in the rich Cargo. The
Maltefe General, De Giou, fired a Gun, without Ball ; imagining that
fingle VefTel would not offer to refill his feven Royal Gallies. But
he was anfwered with a Ball 5 and at the fame Inftant the Turki/b
Banner, Streamers, &c. began to appear, waving and bidding Defiance,
The two Maltefe Generals, perceiving they fliould not gain that Prize
without fmart Blows, agreed, that they fliould begin the Attack in their
own Gallies, and that, having difcharged, the two Patronas fliould re-
lieve them, as fliould the three remaining Gallies relieve the Patronas;
fo that their Fire might be continual. But, through the Jealoufy and E-
mulation of thofe Commanders, this Order was ill obferved : . Each envy-
ing the other the Honour of the Victory. The Capitana Galley of Ge-
neral De Giou, having crowded itfelf under the Poop of that great VefTel,
was inftantly covered all over with artificial Fire, and his Cavaliers and
Soldiers maimed and killed outright with Stones and Small-Shot : And
the Artillery, loaded with Cartouches, flew a great Number 5 infomuch
that this Attacker was glad to get farther off : Romegas, the other Ge-
neral, who commanded the Grand- Matter's two Gallies, on his Side, at-
tacked the Enemy with his accuftomary Intrepidity : But a Cannon- Shot
from the Galeon, taking away the Wade or Bend of his Galley, killed
him two and twenty Men : And another Shot carried over- board twenty
more. This Commander, apprehenfive of being funk by a monflrous
Cannon, whofe Mouth he perceived pointed on a level with the Water,
determined to draw out of Reach j tho' to his great Regret. Next advan-
ced the two Patronas, who, in Concert, grappled clofe with the Galeon,
on each Side, and plied their Fire fo terribly, that many of the Janifaries
were foon either {lain or difabled. " But this courageous Militia (fays
" VAbbh de Vertot, from whom I extract thefe Particulars) of whofe in-
* tire Body the principal Force of the Turkijb Empire confifts, flill fought
" on with the fame Intrepidity." Nor was it long before the two Pa-
tronas were obliged to call the other three Gallies to their Afliftance : And
when the two Generals had got their own Gallies in fome Order, they
returned, and the Conflict was renewed with a new Fury. It continued
five Hours inceflantly, without (hewing what would be the Event : And
notwithflanding the Gallantry of the Knights, they mufl, perhaps, have
z gone

The History ^Algiers. 431

gone off with what Damage they received, could the Turks have ufed all
their Artillery. But, unhappily for them, thro* the Avarice of the
Merchants, their beft Guns were fo embaralTed with Bales of Goods, that
they flood them in no manner of Stead : So that, upon this Account alone,
the Cavaliers got Entrance. This Victory coft the Chrifiians upwards
of fix-fcore Men, between Knights and Soldiers ; and abundance more
were wounded. * The Turks, befides the wounded, loft above eighty
Janlfaries, with feveral Officers 5 and, among others, an Ingineer, who,
by his Courage and Skill in pointing the Cannon, had a greater Share in
fo brave a Defenfe than even the Captain himfelf.

This Affair made more Noifeat Conftantinople, efpecially in the Seraglio^
than the Lo fs of an important Town would have done. The Kiz-kr Aga,
who was the Owner of the Galeon, and the favourite Ladies, who were
deeply concerned in it, caft themfelves at the Sultan's Feet, incefTantly
demanding Vengeance. That Monarch, taking the Bufinefs as an Infult
offered to his very Family, fwore by his own Head, that he would ex-
terminate the whole Order. But as the Particulars of that remarkable
Siege are to be met with in VAbbe de Vertofs accurate Hiftory of Malta,
we fhall content ourfelves with only taking Notice of what relates to
the Algerints,in that Expedition.

Marmol fays not a Word of thefe Affairs. Hat do fays to this Effect-
In September, if 64, Hajfan Bajha (who had not ftirred out of
Algiers fince his Return from Oran, &c.) received Letters from the Porte,
containing the Sultan's ftrict Injunctions, to be in a Readinefs, by the fuc-
ceeding Spring, to join the Ottoman Armada, before Malta, with all the
Gallies and Men he could poflibly raife. All that Winter was employed
in fitting out Gallies, &c. but the Defign was kept fecret -, only he
gave out, that thofe Preparations were by the Sultan's Order, who, when
Matters were ripe, would fend his farther Commands.

A. D. if6f. Early in March, this Year, continues he, another Letter came
from his Ottoman Majefly, intimating, that the Armada would be at Mal-
ta in a Month at flu theft: Upon this Intelligence, the Bajha fet out
from Algiers about the middle of May, with twenty eight Gallies, all
exceedingly well provided with Artillery and other NeceiTane.s and a-
bout 3000 Turks, Sec. all choice and. experienced Veterans. The Damage
the Ottomans received in that Campaign is univerfally known j and, per-
haps, Algiers alone loft more Men, in Proportion, than all the reft -, fince
. ? of

432 The History ^Algiers.

of thofc 3000 fcarce half of them efcaped. " For, as the Turks and Re-
" negadoes of Algiers are looked on as the braveft and moft expert Soldiery
" the Tar* has in his whole Empire, Muftafa Bajha, the Land- General in
" that Expedition, made great Ufe of them, in all Cafes of the greateft
" Danger." And Hajfan Bajha himfelf ferved very diligently, during
that whole Warj Piali Bajha, the Turkijh Admiral, almoft always recom-
mending to his Care the Direction of the Fleet, while* he himfelf was
afhore, and very frequently fent him out to Sea, to guard the Coafts, and
convoy Tranfports. At length the Turks being put to Flight by the Chrif-
tian Armada, under Conduct of Don Garcia de Toledo, the Spanijh Ad-
miral, Hajfan Bajha returned to Algiers, with his twenty eight Gallies,
where he arrived early in October,
To this brief Account of Haedo, we will add fome Circum (lances from

M. UAbbede Vertot, who is very particular, viz. Hajfan, Vice-Roy of

Algiers* came to the Camp, at the Head of 15-00 Men, all old Soldiers,
of great Valour and Refolution, and who were commonly termed the
k Bravoes of Algiers. When he took a View of Cattle St. Elmo, beholding
its Smallnefs, he could not forbear faying, S That had his Algerines been
" prefent at the Beginning of the Siege, it would not have held out fo
" long." This c young Turk, was Son to Barba-rojfa, and Son-in-Law
to the renowned Dragut Rais. Proud and vain-glorious on Account of
thofe Names, and to illuftrate his own, he requefted the Bajha to intruft
him with the Aflault of Fort St. Michael-, and he boafted that he would
undertake to carry it Sword in Hand. Mujlafa Bajha, being an old General,
and one who would not be at all difpleafed that this prefumptuous Boafter
might, at his Coft, be convinced of the Keennefs of the Knight's Swords,
replied obligingly, " That, not at all dubious of the Succefs, next to the
" Sultan, he willingly confented to relinquifh to* him the whole Ho-
" nour of that Enterprize." And to put him in a Condition to undertake
it with fomething of a Profpect, as likewife that the Enemy might be
attacked both by Sea and Land, he gave him 6000 Soldiers j alluring
him, that, on the Land-Side, he fhould not fail of being fuftained by him-
felf in Perfon, at the Head of all his Forces. Hajfan Bajha, with his

fc Fide Vol. I. p. 317 and 319. c Not fo very young neither : Since twenty one

Years before he was Bajha of Algiers, and in his twenty eighth Year. We may pre fume
M. VAibe to be very well affured of Hajfan Bajta"i having efpoufed a Daughter of Dragut.
What we cannot difprove nauft pafs.

1 Algerines,

The History of Algiers. 43$

Algerines, determined to attack that fmall Peninfyla both by Land and
by Sea, committing the Direction of the Land-Attack to the Care of
his own Lieutenant, named Candalifa, a Remgado Greek, an old, experien-
ced Corfair, cruel, blood-thirfty, but an incomparable Seaman, and one
who had been brought up under Barba-roffa. This double Attack was,
for fome Days, preceded, by a continual Difcharge of twenty five Can-
non, from four different Batteries. It feemed by that Procedure, as if the
Turks intended only to profecute the War at a Diftance: But July 15-, at
Day-break, the Scene changed: For a bloody and moft obftinate Conflict
enfued, wherein the braveft and moft forward Warriors, on both Sides?
loft their Lives, fighting Hand to Hand. While the Turks, thro' the Ruins
their Artillery had made, were endeavouring, by the Ifthmus, to force a
Paflage into the Peninfula, their Slaves and others, from the Gallies, had,
by main Strength, brought a-crofs Mount Sheberras and Port Muzet
a prodigious Number of Boats, into which, when they were again fet
afloat, Candalifa caufed a Body of Algerines to enter, together with more
than 2000 of the Levantines, . This fmall but well-armed Fleet, which al-
moft covered that fpacious Haven, with the Sound of Trumpets, Drums,
and other barbarous martial Mufic, departed from the Coaft of Mount
Sheberras. In its Front went a large Bark, full of Mahometan Priefts,
fome of them, in Hymns, imploring the Protection and Afliftance of
Heaven, while others, with open Books in their Hands, were vomit-
ing out dire Imprecations againft the Chriftians. This Ceremony gave
Place to more dangerous Weapons j and the Turks advanced boldly
to the very Stacado. Candalifa flattered himfelf with the Hopes of
forcing a Way thro' it ; or, if he could not do that, his Defign was
to have made his Soldiers get over it, with the Help of Planks, which
were to ferve as a Bridge. But he had reckoned without his Hofl, the
Diftance being greater than his Planks would reach. And when he
went about to cut thro' the Bomb, made of Mafts and Chains, his Men
were inftantly overwhelmed with a Tempcft of Mufquet-Balls. At the'
fame Time the Cannon from St. Angelo, and other Places, playing fmartly
upon the Boats, a very great Number of them were funk, and the reft
forced to make away. Their Leader having rallied them as beft he could,
and obferving the Point of the Peninfula not to be intirely covered by
the Stacado, and that there was one Place where he fancied a Defcent
might be attempted, he advanced thither. This was a fort of Cape, or
VoL - lL Kkk Promontory,

454 The History of Algiers. /

Promontory, whereon was a Retrenchment, lined with a numerous Band
of Mufqueteers 5 its Foot being wafhed by the Water of the Port. This
Point of Land was, likewife, defended by a Battery of fix Cannon, pla-
ced at the Feet of two Wind-Mills, which were upon that Eminence j
which Cannon were pointed even with the Water. The Commander, a t
this Place, was the brave Chevalier De Guimeran. He fuffered the Ene-
my to approach very near, and then let fly among them a clofe Volley of
great and fmall Shot, which funk many of their Boats : And it was even
reported, that near 400 Turks dropped with that one Difcharge. Candor
lifa^ who' t was brought up, as we may fay, in the very Fire, and inured to the
Dangers of War, while the Cbrifiians were re-charging, leaped afhore,
and, at the Head of his Algerines^ poflefied himfelf of the Bank. There
he had frefh Perils to encounter : For De Guimeran had referved two
great Guns charged with Cartrouches, whofe Contents he fent among the
crouding Invaders 5 and that fo much to the Purpofe, that he laid a Num-
ber of them fprawling on the Ground. Their General, always intrepiJ,
perceiving his People to be daunted, and that many of them were attempt-
ing to recover their Boats, partly by Intreaties, partly by Threats, but
much more by his Refolution, and the great Example he fet them, he de-
tained thofe Flinchers upon the Bank : And, to deprive them of all Hope
or Profpec"t. of efcaping, he commanded thofe in the Boats to put off from
Land j which was no other than giving his Followers to underftand, that
they muft either conquer or perifh : And, upon this Occafion, it appeared,
that Defpair frequently does more than Courage, and even than the ordi-
nary Strength of Nature. The Algerines^ who led the Attack, their Sabres
in one Hand, and a Ladder under the other Arm,ufed their utmoft Efforts
to mount that Retrenchment : All which they did with the greateft Emu-
lation, driving who fhould firft poffefs a Poll fo dangerous j every one,
with a generous Difdain of Peril and Death, prefenting his Breaft to the
Defendant's Weapon. The Difpute was long and defperate, the Blood
running in Streams at the Foot of that Retrenchment. Yet the Barba-
rians abandoned themfelves to a Fury fo determined, that, after a Conflict
of five Hours Continuance, they gained the Top of it, and there planted
feven Enfigns. At the Appearance of thofe Standards, notwithstanding
the Knights were reduced to a very fmall Number, a noble Indignation
and Difdain brought them back to the Charge. Admiral Monti put him-
felf

The HiSTORr of Algiers, 4j>

felfat the Head $ and after a reciprocal Difcharge of fmall Shot, they fell to
it with Javelins, Swords, and even with Daggers and Poinards. The Defen-
dants were in imminent Danger of being over-powered, had not the ever-
vigilant Grand-Mafter De la Vaktte fent them timely Succour. But this
Succour was preceded by another of a Nature lingular enough. A Band
of near 200 Boys, armed with Slings, which they ufed with great Dex-
terity, advanced, and fent a Shower of Stones amidft the Enemy, with
loud and repeated Shouts of, Victory! Victory ! Admiral De Giou, at the
Head of the new Comers, advancing, Pike in Hand, charged the Af-
failantsfurioufly, drove all before him, tore away the Standards* and at length
forced the Enemy to abandon the Top of the Rampart, where they were
about making a Lodgment. The greatefl Part of the Barbarians, being
clofely prefled by the Knights, when they found that Place too hot to hold
them, leaped down the Precipice. Candalifa, their Commander, fled
with the f oremoft 5 and notwithftanding he had ever, till that Moment*
(hewed a moft undaunted Refolution, he there found the End of it, even
before the Action was ended. In lofing the Hopes of conquering, he loft
all his Courage} and the Apprehenfion of falling into the Hands of the
Knights, who gave no Quarter, obliged him to recall his Boats. He was
even the very firft who got aboard. His own Soldiers, utterly afliamedof
fo precipitate a Flight, redounding fo much to the Difhonour of their
whole Body, never after called him by any other Name than that of The
treacherous Greek : Laying to his Charge d , " That he was a double Rene-
*' gado-y having acted fo bafely, merely to deliver them up to the Fury of
" the Cavaliers." With more to the fame Effect.

Neverthelefs thofe e brave Algerines, tho' they were abandoned by their
Leader, made a retreating Fight, with exemplary Courage. Nor was
there lefs Blood {hed, on either Side, at the Attack made by the Vice-Roy
of Algiers. That Commander, having, by the Difcharge of a Cannon,
given the Signal for the AfTault, advanced fiercely, at the Head of his
Troops, to every one of the Breaches which the Batteries had opened on
the Side of Barmola and Fort St. Michael. The Front of the Attack he
gave to fuch of the Algerines as he had retained with himfelf. With
fuch Ardour and Refolution did this bold Militia prefent themfelves, that

d This is very much like the Language ufed by the Turks to their Profelytes. More Inilan-
ces may be given. \ Vide Vol. I. P. 317, and 319.

K k k z . their

436 f^ History <?/Algiers.

their Enfigns were inflantly feen flying all along upon the Parapets.
The Chevalier Rabies, a Pcrfon renowned for his Valour, and more efpe-
cially for his Experience in War- Affairs, commanded in that Station.
To the firft Impetuofity of the Infidels he oppofed the whole Fire of his
Artillery, purpofely charged with Cartrouches, and which, being fent
among the clolefl: Battalions of the Enemy, immediately made a mod hor-
rible Maflacre: And while the Cannon and Mortars were re-charging, a
good Number of SpaniJJj and Portuguefe Knights, who fired Flank-wife
from Barmola, fo luckily feconded the great Guns, with Vollies of Small-
Shot, that the Algerines, brave and determined as they were, unable to
fuftain the Fury of that Tempeft, led off by their Commander, glide^
along the Parapet, and repaired to another Breach j where, from the Re-
port of fome Deferters, he hoped to meet with a lefs vigorous Refinance.
In this Pod commanded the Chevaliers Carlo Rufo and De la Ricca, both
Captains of Gallies. Many Knights, their AiTiftants, with abundance of
Soldiers, prefently perimed by the Fire- Works thrown into their Retrench*
merit* and they themfelves were carried off, grievoufly wounded. Admi-
ral Monti, the Commander, with feveral of thofe Knights who had fo gal-
lantly defended the other Breach, took their Places. There the Alger ims 9
after having behaved with much Bravery, were again repulfed, with con_
fiderable Lofs : Not that the Defendants efcaped undamaged. However,
Hajfan Bajba, whofe fole Hope of Conqueft confifted in wearying-out thofe
gallant Knights, led on a Body of Levant Jamjaries, inftead of his repulf-
.ed Algerines j who were fufficiently tired and exhaufted with fo warm a
Difpute, of five Hours Continuance. But as we are not writing the
Hiftoryof Malta, but of the Algerines, we fhall only add here, that the
Knights did what was poflible for Men to do, and that this Hiftorian
never once fpeaks a Syllable to the Difadvantage of either Hajfan Bajha, or
his Troops > but on the contrary, whenever he mentions them, it is rather
to their Credit : Nay, he acknowledges the whole Turkijb Army to have

done the utmoft of their Duty, as good and refolute Soldiers. Canda-

lifa-i notwithstanding his late Difgrace, was intrufted with the Guard of
the Coaftsj having under his Direction eighty well-appointed Gallies.
When, at length, Part of the long- fighed- for and mofl-fhamefully-de!ayed
Succours arrived, the Turks imbarked, with Precipitation. But the Turkijh
General had fcarce got aboard, but, apprehenfive of the Sultan's Refent-
tnent, he called a Council of War, whereat it was long debated how

they

The History of Algiers. 473

they fhould proceed. The Vice- Roy of Algiers was of Opinion, that
they fhould again land their Forces, and give the Enemy Battel. He rc-
prefented to Mujiafa Bafha, " That if, as they were credibly informed,
" the new Comers confided of only 6000 Men, it was no difficult Mac-
" ter for him to go in qucft of them with double their Number : And if
" he got the Day, as it was not unlikely he might, he would then be in
" a Condition to fhut up the Avenues of the Ifland from the Remainder
" of thofe Succours, which was to come with the Vice-Roy of Sicily's
" and that the Knights, reduced to fo fmall a Company, and they quite
" exhaufted, having few Soldiers left, would be conftrained to capitulate.''
Piali, the Captain- BaJJj a, jealous of Muftafa's Credit, and who would
not have been at all difpleafed at the Mifcarriage of this his Enterprife
was of a contrary Sentiment: And faid> " That, afcer their having loft
ct the Flower of the Ottoman Army, it was dangerous to venture a Rem-
" nant of Troops, difheartened and wore out by fo tedious a Siege, againft
" a Body of frefh Men, who impatiently longed to come to Blows with
" them." But the Vice-Roy of Algiers' s Opinion, (into which Mujiafa
BaJIja readily came) was carried againft the Captain-Bafba, and his Parti-
fans, by two Voices : And accordingly, it was concluded, that the Army
fhould be again landed 5 which the Turks could not be brought to, with-
out a rigorous Compulsion :. So lick were they grown of their Campaign-
But we fhall take Notice only of what regards the Algerines. Our ffa/l
fan Bajha, with his Algerines, (being in Number about 1 foo, the reft be-
ing all demolished,) was left at the Sea-Side, to favour the Retreat, while
Mujiafa Bafba bravely led on his Levantines* They were routed : The
Bafha himfelf falling twice from his Horfej and feveral of his faithfuleft
Domeftics loft their Lives, aflifting him to remount. 'The Chrijiians-i
adds this Author, purfued the Infidels with Ardour j the Enemy, who fled
before them, prevented their being fenfible of the fcorching Sun-Beams.
The Generality of the Knights, who were all heavily armed, the better
Co follow the flying Turks, threw away their Cuirafles, &c. and notwith-
standing the greateft Part of the Infidels they over- took were laid panting
on the Ground, juffc expiring with Thirft and Wcarinefs, all they came
near were immediately difpatched, at the Points of their Rapiers. If
was not without all imaginable Difficulty, and a very confiderable Lofs
that the Turks reached the Sea-Side. 'Till then, the Chrijiians had been
more put to it to "overtake than to oppofe their Invaders: But as the light-

* eft

438 the History of Algiers.

eft and moll alert of them had broke their Ranks to purfue the Fugitives,
and, intoxicated with Victory, forbore obferving any Order, the Vice-
Roy of Algiers, who was covered by the Point of a Rock, (allied out from
that Ambufcade, at the Head of his Troops, and, perceiving the Purfuers
to be few, he fell upon them, flew feveral, and took Prifoners the Che-
valiers Marcos de Toledo, Pedro de 7ala, Ribatajada, with fomc others, and,
among them, an Evglijb Knight, whofe Name is unknown. During the
Conflict, { Alvaro de Sande happily arriving with fome Battalions from the
Rear, he fell furioufly upon the Algerines, putting them to Flight, cutting
in Pieces all that offered to refift, and recovering all the Prifoners. As
the Turks had loft all their Courage, they fought nothing but their Ship-
ping} and fo eager were the Cbriftians, that many of them waded up to
the very Arm-Pits in Water, and (hot them even on board their Gallies,
&c. a It is pretended, adds this Author, that, from firft to laft, the Turks
* loft not lefs than 50000 Men at this Attempt upon Malta." Hajfan
Bajba, having thus fignalized himfelf, and diminifhed the Number of thofe
who had affronted him in fo grofe a Manner, returned to Algiers - 9 where
there wanted not more Howling, among the Women, whofe Friends had
forgot to find the Way home again. Something in particular concern-
ing the Knights has been fajd, in Vol. I P. jop, &c.

It was at this famous Siege, that the Arch - Corfair Dragut Rais loft
his Life$ a Perfon ftill much talked of} concerning whom take the
following Particulars, extracted from Marmol and M. VAbbe de Ver-
tot ', neither of whom are to be fufpe&ed of Partiality in bis Favour.

The Hiftory of the famous Corfair, Dragut Rais.

He was born in a fmall Village in Natolia, or Afia-Minor, oppofite

to the Ifland Rhodes. His Parents were Mahometans, mean in Condition,

whofe Subfiftence was wholly owing to their Labour in the Culture of

the Land they farmed. This obfcure and toilfome Life ill agreeing with

young Dragut's fprightly and afpiring Genius, when in his twelfth Year,

f A brave Spanijb Commander who greatly fignalized himfelf at the late unfortunate Attempt
upon the Ifland Jerba, (where the Spaniards twice or thrice mifcarried) corruptly called, Los
Gelvesy by the Spaniards. The Account is at large in Marmel, L. VI M. VAbbe de

Fertot treats of it.

Ihe History ^Algiers. 43^

he entered into the Service of a Matter- Gunner, who ferved on board
the Grand Signor's Gallies. Under this Mafter he rofe to be a good Pi-
lot and a moft excellent Gunner \ in both which Capacities he ferved feveral
Years. He at laft purchafed a Share in a cruifing Brigantine : Nor was
it long before he became fole Proprietor of a Galeot, with which he took
fome very confiderable Prizes : And, increafing in Strength, he foon ren-
dered himfelf formidable throughout the Levant Parts of the Mediteranean^
and moft remarkable for his Knowledge of thofe Seas. But, as all free-
booting Mujfulmansy frequenting thofe Quarters, muft, in fome meafure,
be D ependants on Barba-roffa II, 8 afterwards Captain Bajba, or Com-
mander in chief of the Ottoman Fleets, Dragut Rah fought his Pro-
tection, and accordingly went to offer him his Service at Algiers. This
Corfair's Reputation flying before him, Barba-rojfa was no Stranger to
his Worth, and was over-joyed to entertain fo brave and fo deferving
a Mariner. During fome Years he was by that Bajha intruded with
the Direction of fundry momentous Expeditions j in all which he acquit-
ted himfelf much to the Satisfaction of his Principal 5 as being never once
unfucccfsful. Barba-rojfa having gradually advanced him to all the mili-
tary Offices in the State, at laft made him his Kayia, or Lieutenant, and
gave him the intire Command of a Squadron of twelve Gallies. From
thence forwards this redoubtable Corfair paffed not one Summer without
ravaging the Coafts of Naples and Sicily : Nor durft any Chriftian VefTcls
attempt to pafs between Spain and Italy; for if they offered it he infallibly
fnapped them up : And when he miffed of his Prey at Sea, he made him-
felf Amends by making Defcents along the Coafts, plundering Villages
and Towns, and dragging away Multitudes of Inhabitants into Capti-
vity.

A. D. if 40, The Emperor, Charles V, weary of the Complaints brought
him from all Quarters, ordered his Admiral, Prince Andrea D'Oria, to
hunt him out, and endeavour, by all poffible Means, to purge the Seas
of fo infufferable a Nuftnce. That General inftantly got ready a Fleet :
And as that ancient Commander was fatisfied with the Honour he had
already gained, he committed the Management of this Affair to the Care
and Direction of his Nephew, h Jannetin D'Oria. Young D'Oria de-

8 M. V Abb's de Vertot fays then ; which is a Miftake. Vide Vol. I. P* 287.
* Vide Vol. I. P. 3.05.

parted

44 o Tke History- of Algiers.

parted in quefi: of Dragut Rais- f and at length had the good Fortune
to light on him under the Coaft of the Ifland/Ctfr/foa, in the Road of
Giralatta, a Caltle fituate between Calvi and Liazzo. The Corfair, who
knew nothing of the Imperial Fleet's being at Sea, imagined he lay very
fecure in that Harbour, with his thirteen Galeots : But he found himfelf
hemmed in on all Hands, and thundered upon by a Tempeft of Cannon
Shot, both from the Jrmada and Caftle. For fome Time he returned
the Salute, with his wonted Refolution : But the fuperior Fire of the
Cbriftiam caufed his to ceafej and he prefently beheld the whole Coaft
thronged with armed Corf,, a fierce People, who came running to con-
tribute towards his Deftrucfcion, in order to revenge themfelvcs upon this
daring, inquiet Corfair, who had made fo frequent Ravages upon their Ifland.
In this Extremity, Dragufs only Method left him was to hang out the
white Flag, and accordingly he demanded a Cefiation of Hoftilities, offer-
ing to capitulate. But the beft Conditions he could obtain, were to pur-
chafe his Life at the Expence of his Liberty. Having furrendered, he
was made pafs, with bis Officers, along by the victorious Jannetin D'Oria 9
who was then a beardlefs Youth. At fight of his Conqueror, the indig-
nant Corfair could not refrain from faying 3 " What! Am I become the
" Slave of that effeminate Catamite?" With much more in the like
Strain. Thofe opprobious ExprefTions being interpreted to the young
Nobleman, highly incenfed thereat, he flew upon him, tore out his Beard
and Muftachios, kicking and buffeting him moll outrageoufly j nay, his
Paffion is faid to have been o exceffive, that, .had he not been prevented,
he would certainly have fheathed his Sword in the Bowels of that aflum-
ing Prifoner. However he ordered him to be flrongly fettered. Dragut
rowed in Admiral D'Orza's own Galley full four Years 5 notwithstanding
he offered what Ranfom he pleafed to exact. ' But, that Term being
expired, the Genoefe were fo alarmed to behold the famous Heyradin-
Barha-rojfa enter their River, at the Head of ico of the Grand Signor's
Gallies, infilling that Dragut Rais fhould be fet at Liberty, that, to pre-
vent their Territory from being ravaged, the Senate begged him of the
Admiral, and, accompanied with Refrefliments and other Prefents, inftnnt-
ly fent him on board the Captain Bajha's Galley. Marmol fays, he paid
3000 Ducats for his Ranfom. Among other Tokens of Barba-roJ/a's

i Vide Vol. I. P. 292.

Favour

The History of Algiers. 44 i

Favour to Dragut, he prefented him with a flout Galeot, and figned his
Patent or Commiflion as Generaliflimo of all the Weftern Corfairs : Nor
was it long before he again found himfelf at the Head of a formidable
Squadron. The Mifchiefs he daily did to the Chrijiians fiirpafs Belief*
to all which he was naturally prone enough : But the ill Treatment he had
met with, during his fdur Years Captivity, was no fmall Addition to the
innate Rapacioufnefs of his Difpofition. In 1 5*48, he entered the Gulph
of Naples with his Squadron, and there plundered Caftel- Lamar e, with mod
of the Towns and Villages upon that Coafl, carrying off a Multitude of
Captives. And a few. Days after this, he took a Maltefe Galley (which
had been feparated from the reft by bad Weather) whereon he found
70000 Ducats, defigned for the Repairs of fome of the Fortifications at
k Tripoly : An irreparable Lofs to that Place, and to its Owners! 1 Barba-
rojfa dying the fame Year, Sultan Suliman, in fome Meafure to make up
the Want of fo renowned an Admiral, commanded all the Corfairs of his
Dominions, to acknowledge Dragut Rah for their Captain- General. Dra-
gut's Ambition increafed with his Power. And, after the Example of m Arouje
Barba-rojfa, he determined to polTefs himfelf of fome ftrong Place, which
had a commodious Port j where, with the Confent and under the Protec-
tion of the Ottoman Emperor, he might fhelter his Cruifers, with their Pri-
zes, and erect a fmall Sovereignty. Replete with thefe Views, in the very
Depth of Winter, he got together all the Corfairs he poflibly could, and
eafily enough drove the Spaniards from n Sufa, Sfacus and Monafter; which
Places Andrea D'Oria, with forty three Gallies, took from the Corfairs
laft Summer. For feveral Years they had been, alternately, under the
Kings of Tunis, the Turkijh Corfairs and the Spaniards. With very little
Difficulty, Dragut got them : But as he forefaw, that he could not long
maintain either of them againft the Imperial Fleet, which would not fail
vifiting them at the Return of the Spring, he bent his View towards the
City Africa, otherwife named Mehedia-, known in the Roman Hiftories by
the Name of Adrumentum. This great City lying fome Leagues Eaft of Tunis,
was built on a Slip of Land which advances into the Sea. Its Fortifications
were regular, the Walls of an extraordinary Height, Thicknefs and Soli-
dity, ftrengthened with many good Towers and Bulwarks, and the Artil-

n xl e - y l i P 'W' Look back toP - 363- m nde Vol. 1. p. 170.

Maritime Towns in the Kingdom of Turns; which during the Domeftic Commotions of
that btate, received thofc who had the longeft Sword.

Vol. II. L \ j lcry

442 The H 1 S*T RY of A L g I e r s.

lery numerous and in excellent Order. On an Eminence, which com-
manded the City, flood a large Fortress, which fcrved it for a Citadel.
The Harbour is capacious and fecure : Befides which, there is a fmaller and
very commodious Port for Gallies, whofe Entrance was defended by a
ilrong Chain. The Sea wafhed the City Walls > and indeed furrounded
it only where the narrow Neck of the Land joined it to the Continent.
The Inhabitants, all natural Moors, had, fome Time before, {hook off their
Obedience to the King of Tunis, and formed themfelves into a Sort of in-
dependent Republic : And, in order to maintain that Independency, they
admitted not either Turk or Cbriftian, for Fear of Surpriie. And if, for
the fake of Traffic, tey fuffercd Foreigners to caft Anchor in their Har-
bour, it was only a few weak trading VefTels 5 and even them not without
all needful Precautions. This Place, fuch as we have defcribed it, became
the Object of our afpiring Corfair's ambitious Views. But as he was
not of himfelf Matter of a Force fufficient to attempt it openly, nor was
he fure of the Ottoman Sultan's Confent to employ his Fleet, he refolved
firft to try what could be done by Stratagem and Artifice. To bring about
this Affair, whereon his Thoughts were fixed, he frequented that Port
more than he ufed to do; but with only a light Brigantine, and perhaps
now and then a Galeot : And when there, he kept his Equipage in more
Order than is often prac"biied among fuch Sort of People. By Pre-
sents of Value and artful Insinuations, he foon contracted great Intimacy
with a leading Moor, named Ibrahim Ambarac, who was Governor of one
of the chief Towers, wherewith the City Wall was furrounded. The
next Bait he laid for his new Friend, was an Offer to take him in a
Sharer in fome of his Cruifers, which would redound abundantly to his
Advantage ; fince few of them ever came home empty-handed : But, at
the fame Time, he gave him to understand, that the better to capacitate
them to keep up their friendly Corrcfpondence, it was abfolutely requifite,
that himfelf, in particular, fhould be admitted among them as a Citizen,
one of their Number : " My Ambition, faid he, reaches no farther :
** And it (hall be my Bufinefs to render you the richeft People, and
w your City the mod dreaded Place in all thefe Parts of the World. "
Thefe gilded Profpe&s glaring in the Moor's Eyes, he propofed the Matter
in a full Council. But all the Reply he got from the Magistracy was
a (harp Reprimand j their Determination being, not to enter into any
particular Alliance with Frce-Booters : Remembring how infolently they

had

The History */ Algiers. 44j

had been treated by Hajfan Gelbi, who, in the Grand S ignor's Name, had
undertaken their Protection. This fevere Repulfe from his Fellow-Citi-
zens, precipitated the vindictive African into a Perfidy he, perhaps, never
defigned. Dragut, being informed of his bad Succefs, fpared neither Do-
natives, Infinuations, Promifes, nor Oaths : And the Bargain was foon
concluded. To take away all Sufpicion, the Corfair departed j but in or-
der to return, better prepared for Execution of what had been then pro-
jecting. One dark Night, he came with feveral Galeots, well manned*
with Detachments from his Garrifons of Sufa, Sfacus, (anciently Stagul
and Rufpe) Monafler, Calibia, 6cc. befides their ordinary Equipages, and
was got under the City Walls, when leaft expected by any but the Tray-
tor Ibrahim and his Partifans. By Day-break the Inhabitants were rouzed
with the Noife of Trumpets, &c. founding a brifk Charge in the very
Heart of their City : Several hundreds of Corfairs, with Dragut at their
Head, having been introduced into Ibrahim's Tower, had reached that
Place by a fubterraneous Pafl'age. Not with Handing their Surprife, they
betook themfelves to their Arms, and, for fome Hours, made a brave Re-
finance. Much Blood being (pile on both Sides, and the Corfairs, who
were poflefled of all important Pofts, making a more regular Fight than
the confufed Africans could do, being taken fo unawares, and acting ra-
ther impetuoufly than with Conduct, they were, at length, forced to accept
for their Sovereign him they had before refufed to admit as a Citizen.
Dragut , having fettled the Affairs of his new State in the belt. Order he
could, committed the Government thereof, during his Abfencc, to
Aifa Rais, a bold young Corfair, his Nephew, with a competent Garrifon,
to keep in awe the impatient Inhabitants ; many of whofe Chiefs he took
with him to cruife (for Water was his Element; which tho* he did as if in
Friendfhip, yet they were in Effect no other than Hoftages. At his De-
parture, he left Orders with Aifa Rats, that, to prevent his Introductor
from betraying him as he had done his Country, he mould give him a
Lift to the next World : And his Orders were punctually obferved by
that his dutiful Nephew. All the Chriflians of thofe Parts were greatly
alarmed at the Reduction of that important Place by this reftlefs and for-
midable Corfair. Charles the Emperor was no lefs difturbed at it than were
thofe his Subjects. He forefaw that Dragut would make it his Place of
Arms : That its commodious Port would be a fafe Receptacle for hi s
Cruifers > and that, from thence, he might very cafily infefl all thofe Seas
and Coafts, and even utterly ruin thofe of Naples, Sicily, &c. To prevent

L 1 1 z h

444 The History of Algiers.

his Defigns, he determined upon the Siege of Africa, or Mehedia, before
thofe troublefome Neighbours had taken too firm Rooting. Bur, before
he entered upon that momentous and difficult Enterprize, his Council were
of Opinion that Sufa, Sfacus, Monafter, Calibia, &c. ought to be recovered
from the Corfairs, in order to weaken them, and withal thereby to ftrengthen
the King of Tunis, his Imperial Majefty's Ally, or rather VafTal. Andrea
D'Oria had pafled the whole Summer of 15*49, with forty three Royal
Gallies, in a fruitlefs Search of the crafty Dragut, who, with twenty four
Galeots, was ravaging throughout thofe Seas and Coafts 3 yet with fuch
Caution and Circumfpe&ion, that he daily heard of his Exploits, but
could never once get Sight of him. The fucceeding Spring, that Gene-
ral was again ordered to Sea with the fame Fleet, and joined by all the
Gallies of his Holinefs, the Grand Duke of Tufcany, and Malta. His Er-
rand was to expel the Corfairs from the above-named Places ; which he
effectually did} though at Monafter he met with a flout Refiftance. Sufa
and Sfacus furrendered without much Trouble. Another Article of his
Errand was, to bring, alive or dead, ;/ he poffibly could, the Arch-Corfair
Dragut, who was making terrible Havock every where, with thirty fix large
and well-provided Galeots j which Part of his Commiflion he neither did
nor could accomplish : For that infidious Enemy knew better Things than
to come within Reach} it being none of his Bufinefs to encounter
Armadas. His Highnefs, Prince D'Oria, heard, indeed, at his firft fet-
ting out, that Dragut was at Monafter, with his whole Squadron : But
our Corfair cared not to be fhut up in fo defenfelefs a Port. He had
good Heels, and loved Sea-Room. Befides, flaying there would be but
Lofs of Time, which he knew, how to employ abundantly more to his
Advantage. He was fcnfible the Chriftian General had not Force enough
with him to attempt his new Acquifitionj fo he was pretty eafy as to
that, and went to his old Trade, making horrid Devastations upon the
Coafts of Spain and its Iflands. Prince D'Oria, for his Part, landed his
Troops at Cape Bona, and eafily poflefled himfelf of the Caftle of Call-
bia } which is the ancient Clupea of the Romans : Ptolomy calls it Curobi.
From thence, being joined by the Troops of Tunis, he marched to Monafter.
There, as we obferved, he had a fmart Conflict with the Corfairs in the
Caftle } and had not their brave Governor been fhot dead in the Breach,
which the Chriftian Artillery had opened, it would have coft much more
Blood. This Lofs was, neverthelefs, very confiderable } and among others
the far greater Pan of 140 Knights of Malta, who bore a great Share

The History ^Algiers. 445

in the Attack. That Lofs is faid to have been chiefly owing to Prince
D'Ora's difdaining to attack fo inconfiderable a Fortrefs in due Form j
giving the Aflault before the Breach was fufnciently levelled. However^
the Governor being killed, the reft of the Turks were fo daunted, that,
as if the Mufquet-Ball which took away his Life had wounded them all
in the Vitals, to favc their Lives they confented to give up their Liberty :
Nor were the Inhabitants, whofe Religious Zeal had induced them to
arm in their Favour, a Whir better treated. Marmol fays, that Andrea
D'Oria, in his Way thither, took fo near a View of Mehedia, or Africa,
that a Shot from thence ftruck againft the Poop of his own Galley, and
took off five of his Men j which put him into a violent Rage j and he
fwore the- utter Deftruction of that defefted City. His Imperial and Ca-
tholic Majefty, taking this Succefs for a profperous Omen, ordered his
General, Prince D'Oria, to prepare for the Siege of Africa: And- the Vice-
Roys of Naples and Sicily were injoined to fupply him with Troops and
all other Affiftance. At two or three Miles from this City and -Monafler
are certain fmall Iflands. There, while Matters were preparing for this
grand Expedition, Andrea D'Oria lay with his -Armada, to intercept all
Succours by Sea* which Dragut might attempt to throw into Africa:
And on the Land Side very little was to be apprehended > the Country*
People having no great Affection for the Corfairs. But the Emperor' s
pofitive Orders foon obliged him to leave the Sea open, and repair to
Palermo, in order to concert Meafures with Don Juan de Vega, Vice-
Roy of Sicily. From thence they went to Trapani, in the fame Iflandj
where they were joined by Don Garcia de Toledo, Son to the Vice- Roy
of Naples, with twenty four Royal Gallies, and many Transports j as like-
wife by the Maltefe Squadron. Some Inconveniences arofe on Account
of the Emulation between the Generals > all which is little to our Pur-
pofe. When Matters were fomewhat accommodated, this mighty Armada
weighed Anchor > and the Army landed a little to the Eaft of Mehedia,
on June 2.6, ij-fo. Dragut had not neglected the Opportunity Prince
D'Oria had been obliged to give him 3 but had well fupplicd his City
both with Men and Provifions. Nor did he fail keeping the Sea, to
prevent the Beficgers from being fupplied. The Spanifh Governor of the
Goletta, by the Emperor's exprefs Command, repaired to the Siege 3 and
the Grand Mafter of Malta fent a good Recruit of Knights, in the Room
of thofe who had mifcarried in the Aflault of the Caftle of Monafler.

I When

446 The History of Algiers.

When the Batteries began again ft thofe noble Walls, (which Jl-Mehedi^
their Founder, had built fo folidly as if they were to endure to the laft
Period of Time) the Citizens, regreting the Defacement of thofe their
beautiful Rampiers, began to murmur, feeming very inclinable to enter
into fome Treaty with the Befiegers, and to ailift them in the Expulfion
of a Grew of imperious Inmates, whofe very Name and Profeflion thofe
more-than-ordinary-civilized Africans actually detefted. But Aifa Mais, a
refolute young Man, loudly aflurcd them, ." That, if he heard a Sylla-
" ble more of thofe Cabals, he would, infallibly, facrifice every Mother's
tc Son of them, and then lay the whole Town in Afhes." And, as they
had no fmall Reafon to fuppofe, he would not fail being as good as his Word,
they deemed it the fafeft Way to be quiet, and wait the Event. Befides,
fays UAbbe de Vertot^ after having thus menaced and reproached them
with their Cowardice, he alked them with more Mildnefs > " Whether,
" in delivering themfelves into the Power of the Chrijiians, they were
" fuch credulous Fools as to imagine, that thole their mortal Enemies,
" being once Matters, wocld leave them the Exercife of their Religion,
ff and the Pofleffion of their Goods and Eftates ? Hinting, That they
" ought to reflect, that, in this War, all that Men hold dear in this
" World lay abfolutely at Stake > their Lives, Liberty, Religion, Wives
" and Children." And at the fame Time, to infpire them with Refolu-
tion, he reprefented to their Consideration the prodigious Strength of their
Walls and Bulwarks, their numerous Artillery, and their Plenty of Arms,
Ammunition and all NecefTaries. Adding, " That he had under his Com-
" mand 1700 brave Soldiers, Foot, with 600 gallant Horfe, which his
<c Unkle Dragut had feie&ed from all his People j and that among them
<c all there was not a Man lefs determinate than himfelf to be rather buri-
" ed under the Ruins of their City than ever once to think of furrender-
* ing it to Cbrijlians" As for the Magiftrates and better Sort of Citizens,
rather intimidated by his Threats, than encouraged by his Promifes and In-
finuations, they, much againft their Inclinations, prepared to fuftain a Siege
it was not in their Power to prevent. But, for the Commonality, furious
with Zeal, and by fo much the more jealous of their Religion, as they are
ignorant of its Rites, all the Reply they made to their Governor's Re-
monftrances was an Inundation of Curfes and Execrations vomited againft
the Cbrifiians. With all imaginable Eagernefs and Emulation, they exhor-
ted each other to die for their Creed > Prejudice and an obftinate Pre-

pofleffion

Ihe History ^Algiers. 447

pofleffion ferving them inftead of Courage and Refolution. Aifa Rats, to
flrengthen them in this Difpofition, and to convince them how little he
dreaded his Invaders, fentout his Cavalry, together with ^ooFuziliers-, who
pofleffing themfelves of a certain neighbouring Eminence, began to make a
veryfmart Fire upon the Imperial Incampment : And it coft the Chriftians

much Blood before they could be diflodged. But, as has been obferved,

we {hall only particularize on what relates more immediately to Dragut
Rais. The Turks being at laft forced from that Poft, from whence they
had greatly annoyed the Chriftian Army, the Citizens began again to be
dilheartened $ nay, a good Number had actually quitted the City, and
got privately away to the Mountains. Aifa Rais, as well by his own Ex-
ample as by encouraging Words, did all could poflibly be done to keep up
their Spirits. He told them, " That they were to blame, if they ima-
" gined themfelves abfent from the Thoughts of Dragut, a Perfon never
" unmindful of his Obligations. They were all his Children : And,
" when they lead of all expected it, they fhould, infallibly, behold him
c appear, at the Head of a Force fufficient, if not to devour, at leaft to
" fet upon the Scamper, that Infidel Army, which, at prefenr, gave them
" fo much Uneafinefs." Thefe and fuch like infinuating Difcourfes fet
thofe muttering Africans, Men, Women and Children, very chearfully
at Work in repairing the Damages done them by the Befiegers Artillery.
Not that Dragut neglected his Duty. As he was not fparing of his Money,
he had raifed at Jerba, and other Parts, feveral thoufands of Moors, moft
of them Foot, armed with Mufkets, and were good Marksmen. Their
Leaders were Men he could depend on: Who, with proper Orders how
to proceed, took their Way by Land ; all prone enough to fight againft
Chriftians. Dragut himfelf, taking the Advantage of a dark Night, un-
perceived got near the diftrefled City, a few Miles to the Weft, and
there landed with 800 flout Corfairs : Sending, at the fame Time, two
expert Swimmers with Letters to his Nephew. Among other Matters,
he acquainted him, that his Defign was to fall upon the Enemy on S-
Jago's Day, amidft their Jollity, while they were getting drunk in Ho-
nour of that their Patron. He concluded with Injunctions to make a brifk
Sally, immediately on the Appearance of his Banners. The Place where
he lay concealed, with his Turks, was in a fpacious Foreft of Olive-
Trees (where the Chriftians came, almoft daily, to cut Fewel and Fafcines)
among the Ruins of a pompous Pleafure-Houfe, once appertaining to Al-

1 Mehedi,

448 The Hist o ry i>f A l gi e R'S.

Mebedi, the magnificent Founder of that noble City. As for his Mcorz
he had afligned them different Quarters. This well-concerted Scheme
mifcarried -, and Chance brought them to Blows fooner than had been in-
tended. Next Morning, as the vigilant Dragut was viewing the Ene-
my's Incampment from an ancient Turret of that Palace, he beheld a
flrong Body of Cbriftians advancing towards him, in order to cut Fafcines,
as ufual. Having inftantly fent away to his JerHns, &c. in certain Val.
lies on the other Side of the Mountain, near the City, to be in a Readi-
nefs, but lying flat on the Ground, till Occafion lor Action fhould offer,
he kept clofe, fuffering the Cbriftians to approach very near j the Pioneers
and -unarmed Soldiers being already bufied in cutting Olive-Branches.
The Detachment was led by Don Juan de Vega, Vice -Roy of Sicily,
in Perfon, accompanied by De la S angle, General of the Maltefe
Troops, Don Luis Perez -de Vargas, Governor of the Goletta, with other
Chiefs, and a good Number of Cavaliers, particularly of Malta. They
ufed frequently to have fbme flight Skirmifhes, upon thofe Occaiions, with
the Moors and Arabs of the neighbouring Parts, among whom were fomc
Fire- Arms j but they never durft venture without the Foreft, but kept
iiring a few Shot from the thickeft of the Grove. But this Day they
appeared uncommonly bold and daring. This was obferved, early in
the Morning, by a certain Sherif, a Domeftic of Mulei Hajfan, the blind
King of Tunis , (who ended his wretched Life at this Siege) a notable,
intelligent Perfon, much confidered by both Factions, on Account of his
reputed Sanctity > and even by the Cbriftian Generals : Tho', very proba-
bly, they confidered him in fome different Lights. This Man, as the
Pioneers and others were preparing to go upon that Errand, with only
the accultomary Convoy, taking Notice of the more than ordinary Bold-
nefs of thofe Moors, fpurred his Mare and went up to them, endeavour-
ing artfully to pump out of them what could occafion their Aflurance.
His penetrating Eye, by their fupercilious Fleers, foon difcerned that fome-
thing was the Matter j tho* they dropped not a Syllable to the Purpofe.
However;, he rode back} and cauflng the Convoy to make a Halt, he re-
paired to Don Juan de Vega's Tent, imparting to him his Sufpicions;
withal diffuading him from letting the People go for Fafcines that Day,
till this Affair ihould clear up : " Since, faid he, if Dragut is actually
' '

Vide Vol. I. P- 347. and in {everal other Places of that Volume, where he is much treat-
ed of.

" there,

The History ^/Algiers. 449

t there, he cannot remain long undifcovered." This being propofed in
Council, the Generals rcfolved, abfolutely, to profecute the Defign, for
two particular Reafons. One, becaufe they flood in great Need of what
they were going for j the other, that they might avoid the Reproach of
having fhewed their Backs, upon any Account whatever. Indeed, it was
agreed to go in a more conflderable Body j and belides the abovcmentioned
Chrifiian Leaders, the Detachment was re- info reed by MuUi Hajans
two Sons, the faid Sheriff and a good Number of their Cavalry. As, in
all Expeditions, the Knights of Malta have the Honour of being in the
Front, General De la Sangle, with his Cavaliers, led the Van of the Im-
perialifts. Dragut, as we remarked, fuffered the Enemy to come very near
and even to begin their Work. For fome Time, only the aforefaid Moors
appeared ; who fkirmifhing with the advanced Cavalry of the Tunifines, and
other Africans, artfully drew them towards the Place where the Turks lay
in Ambufh. But Dragut moved not till the Chriftian Van was juft upon
him, and then fuddenly rufhing out, with all his 800 Corfairs, they
made a furious Difcharge upon the Cavaliers, and ran in upon them, Sabre
in Hand, headed by the tempeftuous Dragut. Though the Surprife was
great, thofe illuftrious Warriors foon recovered themfelves, and made a
bold Refiftance. The Conflict was long, obftinate, bloody, and, for a
conflderable while, dubious. Many of the braved Cavaliers there loft
their Lives, and were greatly regretted > but none more than the gallant
Don Luis Perez de Vargas, Governor of the Goletta. The Difpute foon
became general 5 Dragufs Auxiliaries appearing from different Quarters.
Nor did Aifa Rais neglect his Unkle's Injunctions. He made a bold and
generous Sally, at the Head of his Turkijh Garrifon, followed by a good
Number of armed Citizens; and it* was not long before his Enfigns
were feen waving within the Chrifiian Trenches. Don Garcia de Toledo,
who was left to take Care of the Camp, behaved with the utmoft Valour
and Prudence : And at length the Enemy was repulfed j tho' not without
great Difficulty, and much Bloood-fhed on both Sides. The Vice-Roy
of Sicily had much Ado to difengage his Battalions from the Foreft, and
to regain the Plain. Dragut purfued him clofely a conflderable Way,
and made feveral bold Oniets: But, finding he could not prevail, he ac
laft, to his utter Regret, founded a Retreat. His Moors, being well ac
quainted with the Country, were all difperfed - t nor faw he any more o$*
them till near Sfacus, which was the general Rendevous. Marmol fays,
Vol. II, M m m that

4 5p The History of Algiers.

that between Turks and Moors i8o were killed, and upwards ef 500 woun-
ded. Of the Cbriftians 66 were killed upon the Spot, and 86 wounded
with Musket Shot 5 few of whom recovered. When the Cbrifiians
had thus luckily got rid of Dragut, they renewed their Batteries and
Aflautts with greater Fury than ever. Yet they could not open any one
very practicable Breach, in thofe fcarce penetrable Walls, but what was
inftantly, by thofe within, put into a Condition to deter even the boldeft:
from attempting an Entrance j as many had dearly experienced. While
they were fatiguing themfelves in removing their Batteries from Place to
Place, with very little Succefs, a Mor'tfco, upon fome Difguft, or in hopes
of Recompence, efcaped from the Town, and repaired to Don Garcia dt
Toledo -, acquainting him of a very weak Part of the Wall, near the Sea, and
which, for that Reafon alone, was intirely neglected by the Defendants >
as being under no Apprehenfion of being attacked from that Quarter,
which was too {hallow for the Approach of Ships of Force or Bur-
den. There was a great Jealoufy arid Emulation between the Vice-Roy
of Sicily, and Don Garcia, who, we faid, was Son to the Vice-Roy of
Naples. Don Garcia, an ambitious young Man, keptfecret this Intelligence
from the Vice- Roy his Rival, refolving to monopolize the Honour of
that proraifing Attempt. This General, during the Night, caufed two
of his oldeft and flatted Gallies to be ftrongly linked together, and
covered with Earth, &c. whereon he planted fome large Battering Can-
non. All being ready before the Dawn, this Machine was towed by
Boats to the Place fpecified, and there fecurcd with four Anchors} when
a furious and unexpected Cannonading began, attended with the defired
, Succefs. The Upper-Works, being foon demolifhed, fell down into the
Gallery by which that Station might be affifted, and fo choaked it up>
that all Communication was cut off. This and nothing elfe occafioned tfut
City's Ruin. In the ftorming this Place, the Knights of Malta bore a
very great Part, and many of them bravely loft their Lives : Nor was there
lefs Gallantry {hewed on the Side of the Defendants. We mall not here
particulate. After the Knights of Malta, and their Followers, had actu-
ally got Entrance, M. de Vertot concludes thus } At the Noife of what
-was tranfacting, the Inhabitants ran towards the Place from whence came
the Alarm: And excited by the Cries of their Wives and Children, they
barricaded themfelves in the Streets, and broke Loop -Holes in the Walk
of their Houfes, from whence they made a terrible Fire. The Chevaliers
1 again

The History ^Algiers. 451

Again found a Stop put to their Progrefs, and that they muft, as it were,
begin as many Sieges as there were Retrenchments in each Precinct. But
while they were thus engaged, the Turks and Moors, who were making
Head againft the Neapolitans and Sicilians, in other Quarters, being in-
formed that the Maltefe were got within the Town, they abandoned the
Defenfe of thofe Breaches, and ran to the Afliltance of their Houfes and
Families. The Chrifiians prefently difperfed throughout the City, foon
giving them to underftand, that the only Way for them to have preferr-
ed their private Fortunes would have been to have flood firm in their re-
fpective Stations. Thefe unhappy Citizens, after a no very vigorous Refif-
tance made by them, for a little while, in fome particular Quarters, finding
the Enemy were actually Matters of the Place, began to feek their Safe-
ty by Flight. Some endeavoured to get out into the Plain, in order
to gain the Foreft : Others got into Boats 5 while feveral in Defpair caft
themfelves headlong into the Sea. As for Dragufs own Soldiers, who
dreaded his Reproaches even more than Death itfelf, they thronged to
feck it on the Points and Edges of the Chrifiians Weapons : Not one of
them either demanding, or accepting Quarter -, but they all forced the
Enemy to difpatch them. The Booty was very confiderable. Befldes up-
wards of 7000 Captives, of both Sexes and all Ages and Conditions, the
Victors found this City abounding with Magazines full flowed with exceed-
ing rich Wares, and abundance of Gold, Silver and Jewels in the Hou-
fes of its principal Inhabitants. But the chief Treafure of all was the Place
itfelfj which was at that Time, indifputably, the. flrongefl and faireflupon
the whole Coaft of Africa.

To this Account, abridged from V Abbe de Vertot, let us add a few
Lines from MarmoV% more particular Narrative j who has fome Variati-
ons. Towards the Conclufion, at the lafl General AiTault, he fays to this
Purport, viz* The Turks and Citizens inflantly flew to defend their
Walls, at the feveral Attacks j and the Fire on both Sides was fo very
furious, that it refembled a mod ftupendous Tempeft: of Lightning and
Thunder. The Showers of Bullets and Arrows which, this Day, fell
like Storms of Hail among the Chrifiians, were fo exceflive, that only
thofe which (truck againft the Sand raifed fuch Clouds of Duft that their
Eyes were perfectly blinded : Infomuch that, before the Infantry could
approach the Foot of the Wall, to come to Hand- Blows, more than
300 of them dropped upon the Spot. But the Spaniards prefTed on fo im-

M m m z petuoufly,

452 The History of Algiers.

pnuoufly, that, contemning the Shot and artificial Fires poured on them
by the Enemy, they trampled over the gafping Bodies of their flain Friends,
and courageously mounted the Breaches, giving and receiving mary ter-
rible Wounds, with the greateft Fury and Obftinacy that was ever be-
held.' And, a little farther, he fays -, The Enemy mod vali-
antly defended the City, its Walls, Streets and Houfesj fighting in every
Part of it like People in Defpair : And the Turks, perceiving the City was
entered, retired to the Caftle, and to the Cuftom-Houfe 5 from whence*
with their fmall Shot and Arrows, they did much Damage to the Cbtif*
tians who were fighting in the Streets. This Day, between Turks and
Moors, the Enemy loll above 700 : And many of the Moors fignalized
themfelves in a very extraordinary Manner 5 and out-did even the Turks,
The Captives were 10000, Men, Women and Children: And the Spoil,
in Jewels, Money and Goods, was immenfe. Of the Cbriftians 400
were killed, and more thin f 00 wounded. Few of the chief Turks and
Citizens efcaped. Aifa Rais and a Turkijb AUCaid were made Prifoners.
Don Garcia call all the flain Cbriftians into a great Pit, that the Damage
done them by the Enemy might not be feen.

Tho' fomewhat foreign to our Purpofe, we will not quit 'this noble
City, till we fee its unhappy and near- approaching Cataftropbe. The
circumftantial Marmol furniflies us with Materials; out of which take

thefe few Particulars. Don Juan de Vega, Vice-Roy ef Sicily y

(who would needs appropriate to himfelf the Honour of that important
Victory) having repaired the Ruins, and put things in the beft Order he
could, committed the Government thereof to his Son Don Alvaro, with
fix Companies of Spanijb Infantry, and good Store of Artillery, and all
Neceflaries. Before he returned to Sicily, he went, with twenty Gallies,
in Search of Dragufs Squadron, and to recover the Tributes from Jerba,
Sfacus, &c. The chief Occafion of his going thither was, becaufe the
Sheikh of Jerba, whofe Name was Salba aben Salba, when he heard of
Dragut's Difgracc and Lofs, had wrote very preflingly to Don Juan to
aflift him againft that Corfair, in order to drive him from thofe Quarters :
Offering to fct at Liberty a great Number of Cbriftians, who were Cap-
tives in that Ifland 5 and that he would become tributary to the Empe-
ror Charles, furnilhing him with all proper Materials for the erecting a
Fort or two, in the propereft Places, there to entertain a Garrifon of
Spaniards. And, as a Security for'the Performance of thefe Promifes, he
4 avc

The History of Algiers. 45 $

gave in Hoftage one of his Sons, together with thole of feveral of the
principal I danders. Tho' all this came to nothing 5 as may be feen

in this Author's Account of thofe Affairs. L. VI. Don Alvaro dt

Vega, Governor of Mebcdia, or Africa, continued there peaceably enough,
taking great Care of its Fortifications, 'till the End of July, if fi, whea
the Emperor fent in his Stead Don Sancbo de Leyva. The Grand Signor
had broke the Truce then fubfifting between him and the Emperor Chariest
and it was rumoured, that he defigned to attack this City, at the parti-
cular Inftigation of the reftlefs Dragut Rais, as will farther appear- This
News kept the Garrifon of Africa within Doors, till the Return of the
Ottoman Fleet, after the Mifchief done at the Morea, Sicily, Malt a y and Go-
za'y as may anon be obferved. This Fear being over, the new Gover-
nor, Don Sancbo, emploied his Troops in making frequent Incurfions a-
mong the Natives of that Neighbourhood, and brought in many rich
prizes of Slaves and Cattle. But the Spanifb Soldiers, not having recei-
ved their Pay, for feveral Months paft, (tho' the Governor had advanced
them Subfiftence^Money out of his ownPurfe, and allowed them a Share of
his Booty) began to mutiny. They would not be periuaded, but that
Don Sancbo retained their Money, which, they i nulled, had been always
duly remitted. The Mutiny fcon came to that pafs, that the Officers
in general, even the Serjeants, were expelled the City ; and Don Sancbo
himfelf happily faved his Life, by getting on board a Ship there at An-
chor. In vain he approached the Walls with the VelTe], calling our, in-
treating and protefting his Innocence. In vain he offered to fell his Goods
and Eftate to fatisfy that headlefs Monfter. Nothing reigned among them
but Obftirtacy and Sedition* Don Sancbo, weary of his fruitlefs Endea-
vours, departed for Sicily, with his Fellow-Sufferers. Don Juan dt
Vega, the Vice- Roy, fancied he could bring them to Reafon : But he
foon found himfelf deceived. He then fwore to ftarve them 5 fince they
fhould have no more Proyifions from thence or any other Part. This made
them more outrageous. They had formed themfelves into a Sort of Re-
.public, under the Direction of a ftout Soldier, named Antonio de Aponte
to whom they gave the Title of Eletlo Mayor, or the Chief Elecl and
other Subaltern Magi Urates. Don Sancbo repaired to the Emperor ac
Bruffeh; there to make his Complaints: And, foon after, the Eleclo
Mayor had the Infolence, likewife, to fend an EmbafTy to that Monarch, by
one of his own People, whofe Name was Juan Falcon. What this Em-

baffador

454 The History 0/ Algiers.

baflador demanded, was a new Governor 5 afluring Don Carlos, " That
" the Soldiery would fooner fuffer the crueleft Death, than have any
Dealings with either Don Juan or Don Sancho." The Emperor read
his Credentials 5 but returned no Anfwer for the prefent j as depending on
the Vice-Roy, who had undertaken to accommodate that Affair. At laft
Don Juan wrote him Word, that he could not perform hisPromifej with-
al counfelling the Emperor fpeedily to fend a proper Mediator, left the
Matter grew to a bad Confequence. Mean while the Garrifon refolved
not to be ftarved : And their chief Magi (Irate actually governed with
exemplary Prudence. He armed and fitted out a ftout Brigantine, on
which he put fifty Soldiers. This he fent to cruife on the Coafts of Sici-
ly 5 and it brought in feveral Prizes with Corn and other Provifions : But
he let the Owners go, without offering any farther Injury. He, likewife,
wrote very fqbmiflivcly to the Grand- Mafter of Malta, to fupply him
with NecefTaries for his Money $ which Requeft was courteoufly granted.
Nor wanted he whatever could be fpared him by the Perfon who inti-
tled himfelf P King of Cairouan, then in Alliance with the Spaniards. Be-
fides all this, he made Inroads into the Country, with 4, or j-oo Muske-
teers, upon the Moors and Arabs who were in Enmity with that Prince,
of whofe Perfons and Cattle he made ftrange Havock, filling the Town
with Captives and their Effects : Infomuch, that he became lb dreaded, that
many of the neighbouring Communities, for their better Security, paid
him Contribution, and even glutted with Provifions the weekly Market
he kept without the City. Thus, there was no great Appearance of re-
ducing thofe Revolters by Famine. Not that they cotlld properly be ter-
med Revoltersj but on the contrary, when the <i Prior of Capua, who was
then General of the French Gallies, heard of the Extremity they were in
at firft, he entered fecretly into a Negociation with their Chief, making
him mighty Tenders of the French King's Favour, on Condition he would
furrender the City. All the Reply he got from Antonio de Aponte waSj
M That the City belonged to his Imperial Majefty, and that thofe who
" defended it were Spaniards, Men who would never take a Step in his
if DifTervice." This Prior was Leoni Strozzi, Brother to Pietro Strozzi,
who, at that Juncture, affifted by the King of France, was carrying on a
War in the Siennefe, againff. the Florentines, and other Italian Powers, of

* Vide Vol. I. P. 341. ' Look back to P. 379.

the

The History ^Algiers. 455

the /fufirian Faction. This General had two Gallies of his own 5 and was
extremely defirous of" gaining Admittance into the Port of Africa, from
thence to infeft the Coafls of Sicily. The Aff.irs of this City flood thus,
when Don Juan de Viga wrote to the Emperor, the fecond Time, as above.
The Emperor, reflecting on the little Good Don Sancho was likely to do
in that Bufinefs, even fhould he furnifhhim with Money to pay off that
mutinous Garrifon, by Reafon he wis ill-beloved there, gave him the
Command of the Neaoplttan Gallics. He then fent for Don Hernando de
Acuna, who was at Antwerp, to whom he recommended that Affair j
fending him immediately away, with Uriel: Orders to endeavour chiefly
to get into the City of Africa, and there to chaitife the Infolence of thole
Mutineers, with fome exemplary Punifhment j flill conforming himfelf
to Neceffity, and not to proceed rafhly-. Being apprehenfive left thofe
Defperadoes, either for Want, or Fear of Challifement, might run into fome
Hill greater Diforder: Adding to thefe Orders, That, as foon as thefe
Commotions were appeafed, he fhould ruin that Place, and retire with all
the People and Artillery, &c. into Sicily. For as that Monarch's Hands
were then full of many other weighty Affairs, he thought it more
advifeable, by utterly razing it to the Ground, to prevent the Enemy from
ever again molefling him from thence, than, as Matters then flood with
him, to be at fo very conflderable an Expence, both of Men and Money,
in maintaining it j both which Articles he had much more Occafion to
employ elfewhere. And the better to enable Don Hernando to execute
thefe his Orders with the greater Authority, he figned him two feparate
Commiffions : One capacitating him, of his own proper Authority, to
pardon all, or part of thofe Mutineers, as he faw convenient 5 the
other a general Amnefly, in the Emperor's own Name : This to be made
Ufe of, in cafe the other was not fufficient. Over and above all this, that
Monarch gave him Letters to the Vice-Roys of Naples and Sicily, and to
Prince Andrea D'Oria, that they fhould adr. in Conjunction with him, in
all he required, and fupply him with whatever he demanded, or wanted.
While all thefe Matters were tranfafling at Bruffels, the Vice-Roy of
Sicily 1 ever attentive to this Bufinefs, was carrying on a fecret Negociation
with certain Soldiers of that Garrifon, whom he bribed to itart a Counter-
Mutiny, and to either kill or fecure the Ring Leaders of that Sedition,
as likewife all fuch as were moll averfe to a Pacification, and returning to
their Obedience. Of thefe Soldiers with whom he treated, the Chiefs were

two 5

4$6 The History of Algiers.

two ; namely Vega and Oforio : To whom the Vice-Roy made mighty
Promifes of Favours and Rewards. Thefc, with their Partifans, accom-
plished what there was very little Profpecl: could otherwife have been ef-
fected, without abundance of Difficulty. The Truth is, many of them
began to be uneafy at their having lb long laboured under the Ignominy
of being reputed Rebels. And upon this Account, much to the Scandal
of the Cbriftian Name, amid ft their Enemies, that City was juft at the
Point of being ftrained with the Blood of its Conquerors and Defenders j
had they not been re ftrained by a Sort of Miracle. Antonio de Aponte,
having taken Wind of what was in Agitation, fent his Serjeant -Major,
a ftern, rigid Soldier, to apprehend the Confpiratorsj whom he found in
a Body, ready armed, and determined to make a bold Refiftance : Their
Word was * " Let Mutiny be banifhed j and let all Traitors die ! " While
the two Parties were forming themfelves in Battel-Array, and juft upon
falling together by the Ears, there iflued from the Clouds fo fiery a Blaft,
that the very Fowls and Birds flying in the Air tumbled down dead among
them> infomuch that thofc intended Combatants, in the utmoft Diforder
and Confufion, were forced to disband, and, guarding their Heads and
Faces with their Hands, to run away to feek Shelter from thofe menacing
Meteors, with whofc fcorching Emanations they were furrounded. That
fame Night, Vega, and Oforio took fuch proper Methods, that, killing the
Serjeant -Major, who was the main Support of the Mutiny, and fecuring
all the Magiftrates, with their moft aclrive and refolute Abettors, the reft
were quiet. Of this Succefs Don Juan de Vega had fpeedy Notice:
Whereupon he difpatched the Captain of bis Guards, in a Galley, with
Orders that he fhould amufe the Garrifon with Hopes of their Arrears,
under Pretence that he was fent to make up their Accounts, in order to
pay them off. This he artfully did: And, as farther commanded by his
Mafter the Vice-Roy of Sicily, who was refolved that fo flagrant a Crime
fhould not efcape exemplary Punifhment, immediately fent away Antonio
de Aponte and all his moft diftinguiftied Subftitutes, in order to fuffer
Death by the Hands of an Executioner. And for the greater Security,
this Officer was injoined to put into the firft Portj in Sicily, he could reach,
and there to deliver up thofe Prifoners to the Governor ; who was to an-
fwer for their Appearance. The Galley got to Alicata; and the Governor
fecured them in a Dungeon of the Caftle, ftrongly fettered. It fell out
that the Ottoman Armada arrived there that very Evening > and Part of

the

The History ^Algiers. 457

the Army being landed, the Caflle was attacked : And, notwithstanding
Antonio de Aponte and his Fellow- Prifoners, from their Dungeon, earneftly
fupplicated, that they might have Arms given them, to defend the Breach,
their Requeft was denied j and the Caftle being foon after entered by the
Turks? they were made Slaves with the reft. Not long after Antonio de
Aponte died of a Fever at Confiantinopk. But Don Juan de Vega? deter-
mined to have fome Victims, fent for a like Number of the moft culpable
among thofe who had not been apprehended, and caufed them all to be
hanged at Palermo and other Cities of Sicily. Thus terminated this Affair
which had made fo much Noife. Tripoly was taken by the Turkijb

Fleet, from the Knights of Malta? foon after thefe Tranfactions j in the
Reduction of which Place our Dragut Rais bore no inconfiderable Share:
As likewife in the Attempt made upon Malta? juft before by the fame
Power. Of thefe Affairs we fhali prefently take fome Notice : But let us
fee the laft of this unhappy City. Don Hernando de Acuna? who

bore the Imperial Commiflion to 'act at Difcretion, in regard to thofe
African Commotions, was all the while at Naples? where, by the Vice -Roy
of Sicily? he was informed of what had pafled. With the Emperor's Concur-
rence, it had been concerted, in Consideration of the Difficulty and Ex-
pence of maintaining that African City, to make a Tender of it to the
Knights of Malta? in lieu of Tripoly? which they had lately loft. Nay,
the Defign of the Spaniards was, to try if they could wheedle the Order
to remove their Convent thither, and to reftore to the Crown of Caftile?
or rather of Aragon? the Iflands of Malta and Goza. Indeed, the Empe-
ror himfelf was more inclined utterly to demolifh the Fortifications of that
City* but even that, befides the Coft of doing it, his Generals informed
him was not then to be attempted with any Safety. The French and
Algerine Fleets being at Corfica? from whence, in a very few Hours, they
might arrive to their Interruption, if not Deftruction 5 and the Imperial Ar-
mada not being, at that Juncture, ftrong enough to face thofe confederate
Powers. Befides, it was rumoured, that the Ottoman Fleet was in a Rea-
dinefs to make them another Vifit. : With all thefe Confiderations, and the
infallible Bulwark and Support that City, if in Pofleflion of thofe war-
like Knights, would be to the Emperor's Intereft in his feudatory King,
dom of Tunis? that politic Monarch commiftioned De Acuta to offer them,
in his Name, the fole and independent Sovereignty of Mehedia? or Africa?
with good part of the Artillery, &e. thereto appertaining, and, towards

N n n keeping

45S The History ^/Algiers.

keeping it in Repair, a yearly Allowance of 24000 Ducats. Had Be
medesy their truly- Spanifb Grand-Mailer, lived till that Juncture, it is al.
nioft paft Doubt but that fo weak, fo indolent, fo obftinate, and withal
i'o partial a Prince as be always mewed himfelf to be, would have come
into the Spaniards Meafures : But he was juft dead, and was fucceeded by
Claude de la Sangky a brave and prudent French Nobleman-* elected during
his Abfence at the Court of Rome, where he acted as Embaflador from the
Order, to the great Difappointment of that great Warrior and Politician,
the famous Prior of Capua, of whom we lately made Mention. The new
Grand-Matter, in his Way to MalUy received the Emperor's Letter from
De Acuta. His Reply was, that it muft be propofed in Council, and in-
vited that Embaflador to accompany him thither. DeAcuna, at the gene-
ral Aflembly of the Order, infinuated, " That his Imperial Majefty, being
" fenlibly touched at the Blow they had fuftained in the difraembring from
** their Body the Fortrefs of Tripotyy in order to repair that Lofs, offered
" to yield up to them the intire Propriety of Mehediay otherwife named
i 4 Africa: a Place, continued he, regularly fortified, and from whence the
** Chevaliers might extend their Dominion upon the African Continent:
** That the Sovereignty of that Place was no other than what was due
" to their Valour, fince they had borne fo great a Part in its Conqueft.
** And that the Emperor himfelf, in cafe the Order tranfported their
" Convent thither, might juftly glory himfelf in being the Founder of
" that third Rhodes , and that, to contribute towards the Expences requi-
J? fite for its Defenfe, his Imperial Majefty, who made no Diftinction
" between thelnterefts of their illuftrious Order and his own, would affign
44 to it, for ever, an Annuity of 24000 Ducats, upon the Revenues of
" Sicily."

He farther reprefented the great Obligations their Body had to the
Emperor Charles: " Who, faid he, 'after the Lofs of Rhodes, beholding
44 them abandoned by almoft all the Chrifiian Potentates, and wandering
** up and down through feveral Parts of Italy, generoufly Gripped him-
M felf of the Iflands of Malta and Gaza, therewith to pleafure and gratify
4< the destitute Cavaliers : A magnificent Prefent, faid he, and worthy the
* Piety and Zeal of fo mighty a Prince ! ** With much more in the fame-
Strain. And when many of the Knights, and particularly the French,
,

* Vi4* Vol. I. P. J09 and fe$,

feemed

The History ^Algiers. 459

feemed averfe to the Propofal, he failed not to put them in Mind, " That
" it became them not to difoblige a Monarch to whom they were indeb-
u ted for every Inch of Ground they trod upon." Then again, he rc-
prefented the Infertility of Malta j " which, added he, reduces you to
* c the inconvenient Neceffity of feeking your daily Suftenance at other
M Mens Doors } whereas the Place tendered you is not, like that, fepa-
" rated from the reft of the World, but fituate on a Soil fertiie and lux-
" uriant, which your Swords may make your own." The Affair was
long convafled and warmly debated, between the French and Spanijb Fac-
tions. However, the polite Grand-Mafler, (tho* no worfe a French-man
than his PredecefTor had been a Spaniard^ yet a much fincerer and better
principled Perfon,) not to give a Return pofitively negative, moved, that
before they cancluded upon any thing, fome of their ancienteft and ableft
Commanders fhould pafs over to Africa ^ to take a View of the Place.
The Report made by thofe Commiflaries at their Return was, c That,
" the City of Jfrica flood fituate on a Slip of Land advancing into the
Sea, by which, on three Sides, it was environed j and was a Place very
confiderable on Account of its Circuit and Fortifications : That the City
and Caftle were encompafTed with Walls of an extraordinary Height and
Thicknefs, and flanked with Towers defended by good Cannon. That
the Arfenal was well provided with Artillery, &V. And that nothing was
deficient but the Port 5 great Part of which wanted Depth for their large
Ships of War. Adding, that the Neighbourhood of the City was extreme-
ly beautiful, full of fine riling Grounds, all adorned with Pleafure-Houfes,
Orchards and Vineyards : That the arable Lands reached to a certain
Mountain running along Eaft and Weft, behind which lay prodigious Plains,
on which was abundance of fine Pafture- Land, belonging to the Arab
Tribes of thofe Quarters, who generally paftured their Cattle thereabouts.
When thefe CommiiTaries had thus defcribed the Place, they farther
declared, that a City of that vaft Extent could not be maintained without
a numerous Garrifon ; with feveral more Objections too long to be infer-
tcd: And, to cut ihorr, it was concluded, not to accept the Emperor's
Offer. This Refufal was a Angular Mortification to the Spaniards in ge-
neral} and the Vice- Roy of Sicily carried his Refentment fo far, that he
.refufed the Order even Provifions from his Ifland : Nor would he be ap-
pealed till the Maltefs Gallies, fent by the politic Grand-Mafler, had clear-

Non: ed

460 The History of Algiers.

ed the Sicilian Coafts of feveral Jlgtrine and other Corfairs, who were in-
fefting thofe Quarters.

Don Carlos having now no Way td render the City Africa ferviceable,
refolved, if he could, to prevent its ever more becoming prejudicial to
his Imerefts. In the Account Marmol gives us of its Ruin there are fome
Particulars remarkable enough. What follows is a a brief Extract, viz.
The Garrifon was in Arrears thirty one complete Pays (perhaps
Months) which amounted to more than 1 10000 Ducats : And all that the
Vice-Roy of Sicily could fpare them was no more than 17000, and that
not all in Money neither. With this Don Hernando de jfcma, attended by
five Sicilian Gallies and four large Tranfports, arrived at Mebedia, in order
to put in Execution what his Imperial Majefty had directed. He carried
with him all the Officers, who had been expelled the Garrifon when the
Mutiny began j judging it requifite to have their Afliftance, on all Oc-
cafions 5 as not being certain, whether the Garrifon would agree to have
the City demoliihed : If not, it would be proper that their quondam Offi-
cers fhould be left to affift in its fartheft Defenfe. So that, as yet, no-
thing was abfolutely refolved on. However he was better received than he
expected: The Soldiers flattering themfelves, that, befides the general Am-
nefty, which with open Mouth he proclaimed, they fhould receive their
full Arrears. But here he found he had Occafion for all his Art and Cun-
ning to conceal from thofe Gapers the Scantinefs of his Purfe. The very
firft Step he took, was to learn which of the Soldiers had mofl Autho-
rity among their Fellows. Among thefe he and his Officers privately dif-
tributed certain Sums. Next he affembled the whole Garrifon, reprefent-
ing to them the Emperor's prcfent Neceflities for Money, and the confi-
derable Obligation it would be to their Imperial Matter, if they anfwered
his Hopes and Expectations in bating him fifteen of their thirty one Pays,
and difcount from the Remainder what Subfiftence they had already receiv-'
ed. Though this fet a muttering all whofe Fifts had not been greafed }
yet thofe who had been paid for backing this Propofal , being Men or"
too good a Confcience not to earn their Hire, ftickled fo powerfully for
their neceffitated Sovereign, and reprefented in fuch Colours the defirable
Happincfs and Advantage of being once more honoured with the Title of
his loyal VafTals, that the Acquiefcement became general. However, they
expected the Refidue. This Point being gained, they were, foon after,
re-afTcmbled. Don Hernando then opened himfelf as to the Article of

2 demolifhing

The WiSTOKY'of Algiers. 46"i

demolishing that Fortrefs. Laying before them the Danger, Expence and
Difficulty attending the keeping it j efpecially- while the naval Force of
their avowed Enemies, the French and the Turks, were actually at Sea, and
united: So that, even in- the ruining ir, they muft be fpeedyj which to
do effectually, they had no other Way, but to fet all Hands to work, Day
and Night, to undermine all the Walls, {3c. that this dangerous Bulwark
might vanilh at a Blaft. As to the reft, all he could do, for the prefent*
was to fpare them a Ducat per Man, till their Arrival in Sicily ', where
he promifed them, upon his Honour, the ultimate Maravedi of their De-
mands, according to the late Agreement. To this they, likewife, confented y
and the Mines (being no lefs than twenty Four principal ones, to each
of which belonged fevcral Branches) were ready in a very few Days*
fuch was their Diligence and Afiiduity. All being imbarked, except an En-
fign, with two Companies of Muikcteers, the Gallies and Ships put out
to Sea at a considerable Diftance. The Orders left with this trufty OffiV
cer (that all the Mines might take Fire at the fame Inftant ; and to pre-'
vent any of them from being choaked up by the other neighbouring
RuinsJ were thefe. At the Mouth of each Mine he ported a Soldier,
with a Piece of Match of exactly the fame Thicknefs and four Spans long,
Thefe Centinels were injoined, that, upon hearing a Cannon fired from
the Admiral- Galley, they fhould light their Matches, and, upon hearing
a fecond, inftantly go.. down to the Powder, and there put the Matches
into certain large Canes, ready placed for that Purpofe, and fo difpofed
that juft two Spans of the Match fhould be covered with Powder, and
the lighted End, with the other half of ir, might be laid clear of it> Co
that the Mines might take Fire all ar once. Each of thefe Soldiers was
farther commanded, that as foon as he had done as directed, he fhould
immediately viiithis neareft Camarade, to examine whether he had done his
Duty. Of all this the chief Direction was intruded with the faid Enfign,
who was charged to fee every thing duly executed. This done, they all hafted
away to the Boats, which attended, and rowed away to the Gallies, which,
lay a great Way out at Sea, to avoid the Effe&s of that terrible Blaft
The firft that blew up were thofe in the Weft, and they went on firing
regularly Eaftward, and fo quite round till the Fire reached thofe mad e
crpfs the Ifihmus y under thofe (lately Walls and Bulwarks concerning
which the African Writers report that Al-Mehedi ereded them with
fuch Art and Strength, and had his Mind fo fixed upon that Work, that.

46* The HiTO*.r of Algiers.

lie ufed to\'fay, " If I thought building thcfc Fortifications with Iron, or
** Brais, would render them more durable, I would certainly do it.'*
, " And in an Inftant, (fays Marmot exprefly, who was prefcnt at

* c that Expedition) fuch and io great was the Ruin and Delolation of the
w Walls, &c. all around, that it feemed as if all. the Elements hadmetto-
Ae gether to fight in that Place : Infomuch, that in the Tarn of an Eye,
c' this City, once fo beautiful in its Situation, its Walls, its Towers, &c.
tt fo changed Form, that fuch, as had long dwelt there, when they
*' pafled that Way three Years after, miftook the very Place. Nay the
<c ftrangc Dilfimilitude of its Afpecr. occasioned many great and fatal
*< Miftakes among Mariners." The great Tower near the Land Gate was
left (landing j fome of the neighbouring Ruins having prevented that
Branch of the Mine from taking Fire : But De Acma, rcfolving not to
leave it, landed and removed all Obftaclesj fo that it prefcnt ly fared as the
reft had done. Under the Ruins of the two Towers which guarded the
Port, were found very large Marble Pillars, fa ciofe together, upon which
thofe Towers had reded , and were there fixed to hinder the Sea, in
Proceis of Time, from wafting the Foundation : And the Floors under
them were all paved with fine great Marble Stones. When the Cbrif-
Hans took that City, all the Cavaliers of Note, who had loft their Lives
at the Siege, were interred in the principal Molque. Their Remains
were now taken up and conveyed to the Church at Montreal, near Pa-
lermo, in Sicily. Dm Hernando himfelf wrote them a pompous Epitaph,
which is there ftill to be read. Soon after the Spanijb Squadron was
departed, the French Fleet arrived, in order to tamper with the muti-
nous Garrifon : But they (hould have made greater Hafte.

It is to be feared, fome may think we have been dwelling too long
on the Concerns of this now ruined City. Two Reafons may be afligned
for our fo doing: One becaufe of its having once been the Metropolis
of all thefe Regions : The other in Confideration of the Figure our Dra-
gut Rats, the Hero of this Part of our Hiftory, would very probably
have made in a Fortrels of that Importance. We will now look back to
fee what became of that Arch-Corfair, while thefe Matters were tranfac-
ting, and then haften to have done with him, in order to purfuc our
more immediate Subject. M. UAbbe de Vertot, but in more Words, and
different Places, fays to this EffecT:. Dragut, outrageous at the Loft

of the Gty of Africa, his Treafurcs, Slaves and Friends, which he had

left

The History ef Algiers ^ 3

left there, the Blame of all which Difafters he laid chiefly 'on the Knights
of Malta, reprefented his Grievances before the Grand Signor. His Agent,
at the Porte acquainted that Monarch, and the Diiuan, that the Empe-
ror, by the Conqueft of that Place, had in his Power one of the chief
Keys of the African Continent: That, he was already Matter of the Go-
letta, and of mod of the maritime Towns in the Kingdom of Tunis; That
the Cavaliers of Malta, who were f devoted to that Monarch's Interefts,
were already fortified in Tripoly : That it was to be feared left the drabs?,
who are the Turks mortal Enemies, ftiould facilitate their PalTage over
the Defarts into Egypt 5 and that thefe Cavaliers, under Pretext of deli-
vering Jerufakm and Palejiine from the Ottomans, might penetrate into
thofe Quarters,, and revive the ancient Spirit of the Crufade, or what they
termed the Holy lVar y drawing over to their Party the Cbrijlian Powers^
always formidable when united. Magnificent Prefents, the bed Interpre-
ters at the Porte, and which Dragut caufed to be diftributsd among the
moft powerful Bajhas, engaged them to reprefent, to Sultan < Suiiman, thai-
it was not Dragut Pais alone who was interefted in the Lofs of the City
of Africa, but his Highnefs frill more than he: That this Enterprife was
an apparent Breach of the Truce then fubfifling between the Ottoman and
Cbrijlian Emperors : That he could not avoid expreffing his Refentment
thereat, nor do lefs than expel from all Africa , as he had already done
from Afta, a Body of Knights who were the. avowed and eternal E-
ncmies of the Mujfulman Name and Al-Coran. Suliman, who, contrary
to the Maxims of moft if not all of his Predeceflbrs, was a moft ftric"fc
Regarder of his Word, would not break with the Emperor without firft
giving him Notice. But the Anfwer Don Carlos returned to that Monarch's
Complaints not being fatisfa&ory, mighty Preparations were made for
a War throughout the whole Ottoman Dominions. When Don Car-
los heard what was going forward, he doubted not in the leaft, but that
this Storm was of Dragut's raifing. In order to avoid it, he imagined he
had no more to do than to get this famous Corfair taken ofFj or at leaft
to get him once again into his PofTeffion: As being perfuaded, that when
Sultan Suliman fhould find himlelf deprived of fo able and fo expert a
General, that Monarch would turn the Channel of his Arms a different

* To be underftocd during the Adminiftratton of the late partial and Spanijb Grand-Mailer,
Den Juan De Omtdes. Look back to JP. 458,

4 Way,

464. The- H it x o ry d/Algiers.

Way. Full of this, he ordered Andrea D'Oria to feek him out, and to
fight him, able or not able j and, in a Word, to omit nothing in order to
rid him of an Enemy fo formidable. In Confequence of thefe politive
Injunctions, that Admiral, early in the Spring, put to Sea with twenty
two Royal GaHies, befides Galeots and Brigantines, and, in March, arrived
"upon the Coaft of Africa. To his great Joy, he foon underftood, that
Dragut, with all his Gallies, &c\ partly difarmed, lay in the Harbour of
the 1 11 and Jerba-, and, without loling a Moment, he repaired thither: And,
in order to keep him in, he caft Anchor julr. before the Mouth of it,
-at a Place which the Franks call, La Bocca de Cantara. His unexpected
Arrival greatly furprifed Dragut, who could not tell what to think of
being thus hemmed in by a fuperior Power, without any vilible Poflibi-
lity of efcaping. But being a Man of a bold, undaunted Spirit, he refolv-
cd to leave no Means unattempted. Upon this he afTembled all his Turks,
4$Cc together, with a good Number of the Manders: And making Shew
of being very little apprehenlive of the Chriflian Armada, he advanced at
their Head to the Defenfe of the Mouth of the Harbour, and began a
brifk Fire upon the Gallies j infomuch that Prince D'Oria was obliged to
remove and anchor farther out of Reach. Dragut was not idle a Moment j
but finding his Shot were then ineffectual, he haftily raifed a Baftion juft
at the Entrance, which in a Night's Time he rendered defenfible, having
mounted thereon feveral large Cannon, and garrifoned it with a good Num-
ber of Mufketeers, who began to fire very fmartly upon the Fleet. Ad-
miral D'Oria finding he received Damage, and that he mull necefTarily
draw ftill farther off, till he fhould be in a Capacity to land a Body of
Troops to reduce that new Fort, and drive away the Enemy from the
Mouth of the Harbour, if he ever defigned to get Entrance, diligently
informed himfelf, whether there was any other PafTage for Dragut to efcape :
And being allured, by fuch as were very well acquainted with the Ifland,
that there was no other Way by which he could poflibly get away,
.on any of his own VelTels, he refolved to fend to Sicily, Naples, &c.
for a greater Force, that he might be enabled to attack the Enemy by
Land, as he had already blocked him up by Sea 5 and, as that Admiral af-
rfured.all he wrote to, beyond any Poflibility of efcaping, or, at the very
leaft, of faving a (ingle Boat of his whole Fleet. This News rejoiced all
ihofe Parts of Cbriftendom -, and moft powerful Succours came daily flock-
ing to the Sea -Ports from every Quarter: So eager were the Sufferers to

revenge

The History a/Algiers. 46*5

revenge themfelves on that much-dreaded Corfair. The Vice-Roy of .S7-
cily beftirred himfelf moft vigoroufly in this Affair. On the Patrona Gal-
ley of that Kingdom, he imbarked Mulei Abon-Bucar, Son of Mulei Haf
fan, King of Turns, (6 often mentioned in this Hiftory, with Inftructions
to repair to c Sheikh Salha aben Salha, and to put him in Mind, cc That,
* c as he pretended to be defirous of being his Imperial Majefty's Servanc
<c and Ally, he fhould now, upon this important Oecafion, fignalize him-
* c felf, by ufing all poflible Methods to prevent either Dragut, or any of
" his Fleet, from getting away : By doing which, he would not only rid
" thofe Parts of the World of a deftructive Peftilence, but would infi-
<c nitely oblige the Chriftian Emperor, a Monarch who would not fail of
" returning him an ample Rccompence, or continuing his inceflant Pro-
* tector, in cafe he rendered him and his Subjects fo fignal a Piece of Ser-
" vice. But Dragut fuffered him not to deliver his Embafly, as will foon
w appear.'* Mean while, Andrea D'Oria took not the lead Repofe, ei-
ther by Day or Night j being perpetually upon the Watch, furrounding
the Ifland, left Dragut fhould give him the Slip, in fome Bark orBrigan-
tine, conveyed thither by thofe of his own Profeffion. In thefe Cruifings
he intercepted feveral VefTels, coming to traffic in the Ifland. While he
lay expecting the Land-Forces, &c. he reflected, that, upon their Arrival
of Neceflity he muft enter the Canal, with the Fleet of Gallies, in order
to batter the Fort which , as we obferved, Dragut had juft erected to
defend the Avenue } and accordingly, he fent in a Brigantine to found as
it pafled, and to fix Pikes, with little Flags on them, to mark out the
Flats. Dragut was not at a Lofs to guefs the Meaning of all this* and
failed not to fteal them all away 5 even amidft a Storm of Cannon Shot.
However, he began to be unea(y, and to think his Cafe defperate. The
apparent Danger he was in put him upon a Project, which all the Hifto-
rians who mention it fcruple not to call a moft notable Exploit, and an
Enterprife of which few Examples are to be met with in Story. M. V
jibbb de Vertot terms it an Action no lefs bold than extraordinary. From
him and Marmot, who agree pretty well with the Accounts the Africans
themfelves give of this Affair, take the following Particulars.

Dragut, to amufe the Chriftian Admiral into a Confidence, that he was
determined to defend that Station to the very laft Extremity, had raifed feveral

\ Look back to P. 452,

Vol. II. O o o Retrench-

4 <56 The History of Algiers.

Retrenchments along the Banks of that Canal, on both Sides, whereon were
mounted many Cannon ; and thole Retrenchments were all lined with good
Store of Mufketeers, who kept continually firing at every Chrifiian VeC
fel that offered to approach, as did the Artillery at thofe more diftant.
Yet, all the while, this crafty Corfair was employing himlelf in an Affair
of a very different Nature. As he was never fparing either of Pains, Mo-
ney, or good Words, upon all proper Occaiions, he had fet to work the
Refidue of his Turks, all his Slaves, with more than 2000 of the Iflanders,
to level a Way, crofs the Ifland, from the Place where his Fleet lay, to
the oppofite Shore, near which the Land was conflderably lower, and
where he, likewife pra&ifed a new Canal, as much as his Occafion requi-
red. Athwart this new-made Road he laid Rafters, covered over with well-
tallowed Planks. By main Strength and the Help of Capftans, all the
Gallies, Galeots, Brigantines, &c. were, with the utmoft Silence, hoifted
up and placed upon great Rollers of Wood, and fo drawn along one after
another in a Row > and without abundance of farther Difficulty, they a-
gain found Water, after this unaccountable Land- Journey, from one Sea
to another. This done, fays Marmol, the fubtil Corfair imbarked, with
his proper Equipages, and hailed away ; leaving Andrea D'Oria with the
Dog to holdy very gravely waiting for a competent Force to attack him in
the Harbour, both by Sea and Land, in order to cut him off, Root and
Branch. Nor did the Chrifiian Admiral know any thing of his Efcape,
and the Trick he had played him, till the Meffenger who brought the
News informed him, likewife, of the Capture of the Patrona Galley of
Sicily, which, as we obferved above, was coming to Jerba with an impor-
tant Meffage, fent to Sbeikb Salba aben Salha, from Don Juan de Vega, by
a Son of Mulei Hajfan, King of Tunis, which Dragut mapped up before
he was well got out of Sight of Jerba : And, as Marmol fays, juft under
Prince -D'Orta's Nofe, as it were to brave him, and in Defiance. Thi s
Moorijh Prince was afterwards fent Prifoner to Conflantinople, and continued
{hut up in the Seven Towers till his Death, on Account of his being in
Alliance with the Chrifiian Emperor, in Oppofition to the Ottoman Inte-
reft. Andrea WOria was utterly aflonifhed and confounded at this ftrange
and unexpected Piece of Intelligence ; and immediately difpatched Couriers
to the Vice-Roys of Naples and Sicily, advifing them to be upon their
Guard how they fent out their Gallies, &c. and, as to the reft, giving
them to underftand, how little Need he then had of the Army, f$T. they

z TT were

o o !

The Historst of Algiers. 467

were preparing 5 fince the Bird was got out of the Cage. Thus, fays
Marmol, the Reputation of Dragut became greater than ever j and his
Strength was alfo augmented by the Capture of that Galley and feveral o-
ther Prizes, which he took juft about the fame Time. VAbbe de Fertot
(ays thus: That Corfair, after this, took the Way to Conftantinople, by his
Prefence to haften the fetting-out of the Fleet appointed for the Reduction
of Tripoly and the other Places belonging to the Knights of St. John. The
Chriflian Admiral, quite amazed, and more confounded at this Accident,
than if he had loft a great Battel, returned to Genoua : And, to excufe
himfelf from purfuing the Corfair, made Ufe of the honourable Pretext of
commanding in Perfon the Gallies appointed to conduct, from Italy to
Spain, the Emperor's only Son, Don Philip De Auftria, afterwards King
Philip II. of Spain. Dragut' 's Spite being principally againft the

Knights of Malta, he left no Stone unturned, in order to work their De-
ftru&ion. Such was the Opinion Sultan Suliman had of his fuperior
Capacity, that he abfolutely commanded Sinan Bajha, his Grand Admiral,
not to offer to undertake any one thing of Moment without his Concur-
rence. It was in July %'fjl* that the Ottoman Armada, to the Terror of
the whole Chriflian Part of the Mediterranean, call Anchor under Malta.
What regards Dragut Rais in that Expedition, is as follows, accurately
and, to all Appearance, impartially related by VAbbe de Fertot, to whom

the curious Reader is referred, for farther Particulars. As the Captain-

BaJJia, Sinan, after his landing on that Ifland, was, with Dragut and others,
taking a View of Caftle St. Angelo, considering its Situation on the Point
of a Rock, and the Bulwarks wherewith it is fortified, he faid angrily
to Dragut 5 U Is this the Caftle which you have reprefented to the Grand
tt Signor as fo eafy to be taken? Certainly no Eagle could have chofen a
lefs acceffiblc Rock to have built his Neft upon ! " A certain ancient
Corfair, Brother to that Heyradin " Drub-Devil we have mentioned, and
who had been formerly Proprietor of Tajora, near Tripoly, whether out
of Malice to Dragut, or Complaifanceto the Captain- Bajha, faid to Sinan $
<c Do you fee, my Lord, that Bulwark which advances out towards the
Sea,, and upon which the Chevaliers have planted the Grand Standard of
" their Order? You muft know, my Lord, that when I was a Slave at
" Malta, I helped to carry, upon my Shoulders, all the great Stones em-

u Vide Vol. I. P.

O o o 2 " pbied

4< 5g The History of Algiers.

" ploied therein. And I can allure you, that before you can be able to
" batter it down, the Winter will be upon us ; or, at leaft, what is ftill
more to be dreaded, fome powerful Succour, in Favour of the Befieged,
" will infallibly arrive." Dragnt all on Fire, and a Perfon who never
had a Notion of Fear or Dread of Danger, grew quite outrageous at
finding fuch Lukewarmnels and Indifference in that General -> and, to deter-
mine him inftantly to begin the Siege of * // Borgo> he reprefcnted to him,
" That this Town's whole Strength confided in the Caftle St. Angeh 5 and
" that in battering down the faid Fortrefs, he would take, as in a Net, the
" Grand Mafter, together with all the Chiefs of the Order, who have,
" faid he, imprudently {hut up themfelves in fo weak a Place." Sinan
was of a different Sentiment. He knew that a Place defended by the
Knights of Malta was not to be carried fo eafily. It would not be
fufficient for him to demolifh its Fortifications : He muft, likewife, deftroy
thofe intrepid Warriors even to the laft Man. So, to do nothing rafhly>
he called a Divan. The Character of this Bajba was, that in Council
no General was ever cooler and more deliberate, nor in Action none
warmer arid more vigorous. He there exhibited his Orders from the Sultan y
importing, " That he fhould not lofe too much Time at Malta y but in
" cafe he could not effect any thing of Importance expeditiously, to en-
' deavour to do what Damages he was able, and weaken the Order by
" carrying off as many of the Inhabitants as poflible j and from thence
* haften over to Tripoly, the Reduction of which Place was to be his main
u Object." Another chief Article of his Commiflion.wasj " Not toun-
' dertake any one thing of Momenp without tbe immediate and abfolute
M Concurrence of Dragut." Tho' the whole Council had the Complai-
fance for their Commander in chief, that they readily gave into all hepro-
pofed, yet Dragut, the fworn Enemy of the very Name of the Maltefe
Chevaliers, and who burned with Impatience to come to Action with
them, ftrongly oppofed what had been fo univerfally agreed on ; which was
to quit Malta, with onlydeftroying as much of it as could eailly be come
at. He firmly inGfted, <c That if they would not attempt thofe ftrong
FortrefTes, they muft at leaft attack La Citta Notabile y or Tie Notable
City : (So they call their ancient Capital, ftanding about the Middle

w The Town fo called ; which was the Court of Mafta, or the Refidence of the Convent,
(as they term the whole Body of jhe Order) before the building oi La VakttA.

The History ^Algiers. 469

c* of the Ifland) whither the Bulk of the Iflanders had retired with their
" bcft Effects } and which weak Place being garrifoned only with timo-
" rous, heartlefs Peafants, and fwarming with ufelefs Mouths, would not
" be long in reducing, if not by Force of Arms, at feaft by Famine."
Sinan Bafha finding him fo refolutely bent, was not willing to hazard the
Confequences of difobliging him, directly contrary to the exprefs Command
of a Monarch with whom there was no trifling : He therefore acquiefced,
and the City was inverted 5 but without much Succefs. At length the
Turks, by the vigorous Oppoiition they met with, and a falfe Alarm o^
Andrea D'Oria's near Approach with Succours, were obliged to abandon that
Enterprife, and the whole Ifland. But they imbarked not without leav-
ing every defenfelefs Village in a Flame, and many of the wretched, ruined
Iflanders bewailing their (lain or captivated Friends. Nor could the
Captain-Bajha withftand the Importunities of his Troops, who requefted
the Plunder of the Ifland Goza, before they proceeded to Triply. This
fmall Ifland, twenty four Mile9 in Circumference, and about three in
Breadth, lies four Miles W. N. W. of Malta, The Inhabitants, in their
native Arabic, call it Wadijh. It was then peopled with at leaft 7000 Souls 5
and had a feeble Caftle on a Hill, commanding a Town beneath. Tho*
the obftinate De Omedes had been much perfuaded to demolifh that unte-
nable Fortrefs, a and to remove the Gozans to Sicily, till the impending
Storm was blown over, yet he never would agree to fuch wholefome
Counfel. The Chevalier GaUtian de Sejfa, a great Favourite of the Grand-
Mafter, commanded there j who, when attacked, behaved with a Cowar-
dice very uncommon in a Knight of Malta. Inftead of heading the Go-
zam 9 who generoufly offered to defend the Breach, he flunk away to the
mo ft retired Part of the Caftle, which was his Palace. Indeed, the An-
fwers and Demands he fent the Turkijh Admiral, when fummoned, wer e
infolent enough, and would fcarce become a braver Officer. But Sinan
foon taught him better Manners. The firft Step towards his Difgrace,
and which was followed by a many Years Captivity, was his being forced
to aflift in conveying his own Moveables to the Gallies, upon his own
Shoulders. Of thofe unhappy Iflanders, 6300 were carried off j the reft
were all ilain, and only forty of the ancienteft and moftdecrepid were lcfc
behind by the perfidious and equivocating Sinan. Next to the Perverfe-
nefs of their unable Grand- Mailer, they owed their Misfortunes to that
unworthy Chevalier, whofe Memory ftill ftinks in the Noftrik of every

Maltefe,

470 The History of Algiers.

Maltefe. We muft not forget the Bravery of a certain anonymous Ehglijh
Gunner, who alone pointed and fired, all the Cannon that did any Execu-
tion, and while he lived gallantly defended the Place 5 but being {hot
dead, none had the Courage to fucceed one who had fet them fo noble
an Example. Nor can we well pafs by the defperate Fury of a Sicilian^
who had been feveral Years a Denifon of Goza. To avoid Captivity and
prevent his Family's Dishonour, he cruelly butchered his Wife and two
young Daughters: When, refolving not to furvive them, he fallied out
with a Fuzii and a Crofs-Bow, wherewith he difpatched two Janifaries,
and then rufhing in, Sword in Hand, amid ft the thickeft of the Enemy,
he laid about him fo to the Purpofe that before he was laid Piece-meal on
the Ground he had giievoufly wounded feveral. Dragufs Reluc-
tance at quitting Malta, while his Revenge on that Body of his moft
capital Enemies was yet fo uncomplete, was mitigated only with the footh-
ing Thought of what Tokens of his Vengeance he defigned them at Tri-
Doly. How that Place was reduced, to the utter Regret of great Part of
Chriftendont) is very particularly told by VAbbe de Vertot, to whom we
refer the Curious. Dragut bore no fmall Share in its Reduction j and his
Services were requited with the Government thereof, in Recompence for
the far more valuable Mehedia. Yet, notwithstanding the great Reputa-
tion of this feldom-fucceflefs Corfair, and the mighty Opinion Sultan Su-
liman had, not undcfervedly, conceived of his fupcrior Genius and Capacity,
his infuperable Valour, and a thoufand other rare Qualities, which ferve to
adorn a General, he could never obtain the Captain Bajhalic, or fupreme
Command of the Ottoman Fleets, as being always unluckily abfent upon
a Vacancy in that much-gaped-at Employ. However, the Sultan, in fome
Meafure to {kreen him from the odious and reproachful Name of Corfair,
gave him the Sanjiaklic, or Government of the fmall Ifland Santa Maura 5
which though a Poft of no very confiderable Note, or Profit, intitled
him one of the Porte's immediate Servants. As for I'ripoly, under Pre-
tence of Zeal for the Service and Intereft of his Sovereign, the Grand
Signor in protecting thofe Seas and Coafts from the Incurfions of the
Maltefe, &c. he confined himfelf to the bare Name of Governor of that Place,
and its then fcanty Territory : Yet, partly on Account of its Diftance
from Court, and partly thro' the Sultan's Connivance, he held it in a man-
ner wanting little or nothing of independent Propriety : Still affecting an
intire Dependance on that Monarch's Will $ as knowing his Protection

would

7he History ^Algiers. 471

would turn to good Account on all Occafions. It was by his Artifice*
not without a Tincture of Perfidy, that he prevented the total Ruin of its
crazy Fortifications. When he became Matter of it, he fpared for neither
Coft nor Labour to render defenfible, nay very tenable, a Place he had
refolved to make the Seat of his Sovereignty. To enumerate all the
Cafts of his Office he diftributed throughout the Mediterranean (for in
thofe Days the Weftern Turks feldom, if ever, offered to pafs the Streights)
would fwell a Volume. While Malta was full of Joy at the brifk

going on of the new Fortifications, and for feveral late SuccefTes of their
Cruifers, who had not only taken or deftroyed divers Corfairs, but had
brought in fome very confiderable Prizes, laden with Oriental Treafures,
a fuddain Accident turned all their Mirth into Confternation and Sorrow.
So unaccountably outrageous a Hurrican arofe, that moft of their Gal-
lies, &V. in the Port were over-turned and {nattered, fome of them pad
all Recovery, and more than 6"oo Perfons perifhed in an Inftant, among
whom were feveral Knights, and others of Importance. Of this Difaf-
tcr the Barhary Corfairs made all poflible Advantage, infulting the Ifland
at Pleafure. Dragut, in particular, thought this Occafion very opportune
to pay off old Scores, and repaired thither with feven Gallies well lined
with Land-Forces. With thefe he leaped afhore and ravaged many Vil-
lages, leading away a Multitude of Captives. But before he could get
aboard with his Booty, 300 Cavaliers, who led on Part of the Militia,
poured in upon him with fuch Refolution, that he was glad to quit Prize
and regain his Gallies, with his Numbers confiderably diminiihed. But
it is Time we haften to the Period of this dreaded Cor fair's Life. As he
thirftcd for Revenge upon Malta, it was with Joy that he haded to join
the Turkijh Armada conducted by Piali, the Captain-Bajba 9 and Muftafa
to a fecond general Attempt upon that detefted Receptacle of thegreatetl
Objects of his Hatred. As for the Force he brought with him, to aflift
in that Expedition, it was not very confiderable 5 being only 1600 Men
thirteen Gallies and two Galeots. LAbbe de Vertot fays to this Effect.

1 We have already obferved, that the Grand Signor was fo prepof-

feffed in Favour of Dragufs Valour and Capacity, that he exprefly forbad
both his Sea and Land Commanders to undertake any one thing without
his Participation. His great Merit, and more particularly his Credit in
the Seraglio, occafioned his being welcomed to the Ottoman Fleet and Camp,
at Malta, with a triple JDifcharge of the Artillery, and all other Marks

4.72, The History of Algiers?

of Deference and Diftin&ion. He no fooner got afhore, but he would needs
vifit the Intrench men ts, and all the principal Stations in the Ifland. Not-
withftanding the due Decorum he ftrictly obferved towards the Grand
Signer's Generals, he could not avoid expreffing a Diflike of their having
begun this Enterprife with the Siege of Fort St. Elmo. He infifted, that
they fhould firft have attached the Caflle of Goza, and next the Notable
City, from whence II Borgo, and Caftle *SV. Angeh were furnilhed with
Provifions. " By reducing thofe two Places, faid he, you would not
4< only have cut off the Dugs which nouriih the whole Refidue of
<* this Body, but like wife, and which is a Matter of far greater Impor-
<c tance, you would obftruct the Approach of all the expected Succours
" from other Parts of Cbrijteridom." Muftafa Bajba, though vetted with
the fupreme Dignity of General, dreading the Credit in which Dragut
was, reprefented to him , " That, in order to put the Grand Signor's
" Fleet out of Danger from Wind and Weather, as likewife from all Attempts
iC of the Enemy, he could not do otherwife than begfn with that Fort -,
i Q whofe Reduction would, he faid, open a free Paflage into Port Muzet :
<c Yet ftill, continued he, the Siege is not fo far advanced, but that it
* c may be raifed, and removed to thofe Places you fpeak of, in cafe you
" judge our fo doing to be actually requifite." c < That would not be,
<< returned Dragut, the lead prudent Method we could take, were we not
" already too far engaged in the Affair : But after the Opening of the
** Trenches, and feveral Days Attacks, we cannot raife a Siege without
* proftituting the Ottoman Emperor's Reputation-, nor, perhaps, even
a without difcouraging the Soldiery." So, fays M. VAbbe de Fertot
exprefly, he concluded to employ the whole Strength of the Army in or-
der to go through that Enterprife with Honour : Whereby it was very
evident, that it was not either a mean, felfiiri Envy, or the leaft Tincture
of that mifchievous Malice To common among Courtiers, that had any
Share in the Liberty he took to deliver his Opinion. After it had been
refolved (adds that Author) to continue the Siege of Fort St, Elmo, heem-
ploied himfelf thereat with no lefs Vigour, Courage and Afliduity than if
he was to have been refponfible for the Succefs. Scarce ever has been feen
any General-Officer fo intirely regardlefs of Danger. He pafled whole Days
either within the Trenches or at the Batteries. Amidft his feveral different
Talents and Qualifications, none underftood better the Direction of a Bat-
tery, and indeed the whole Art of Gunnery : That, as has been obferved,

being

The History of Algiers. 47$

being his original Occupation. The Place where, upon this Occafion,
he planted four of his own Culverins, ftill goes by his Name > being cal-
led Dragut's Cape, or Point. In a Word, he was the very Life of the whole
Affair j and was perpetually circumventing the Defigns of the Chrijiians 9
in all their Attempts , both by Land and Water. Fort S. Elmo was, ac
length, reduced to the laft Extremity, and, as it were, fo buried in its own
Ruins, that even the Owners judged it utterly untenable againft another
general Aflault. Its holding out hitherto had been wholly owing to the
indefatigable Vigilance of the brave De la, Valette^ the worthy Grand-
Mafter, and the infuperably heroic Valour of the Cavaliers, and fuch
as fought under their Banners. Tho' the Place was fmall,and confequently
incapable of containing a large Garrifon,and was now defended only by the
naked Bodies of thofe Warriors, which ferved inftead of Bulwarks $ yet,
Experience had taught Muftafa Bajha, that, while the Communication
between the Town and S.Elmo was held open, the Remainder of his Army
would, by Degrees, meet the Fate of their Fellows. With this View,
the Bajha, being in the Trench, called Dragut, a certain Sanjiak, and his
chief Ingenier, in order to confult with them what Meafures were to be
taken. Dragut, fays VAbbe de Fertot, whether agitated by his natural
Intrepidity, or, like an old Soldier, Danger was become habitual to him
on Account of the many he had been in, being advanced without the In-
trenchment, to look about him and difcover the Difpofition of the Ground
was inftantly taken on the right Side of the Head, near his Ear, by Part
of a Stone, fhattered by a great Shot from Caftle S AngeU; another Shat-
ter of which killed the abovefaid Sanjiack upon the Spot. Nor was Dra-
gut in a much better Condition. He lay extended on the Ground, quite
fenfelefs, the Blood dreaming from his Mouth, Nofe and Ears. To pre-
vent the Soldiery from the Shock fo difcouraging an Objec~b would cer-
tainly have given them, Muftafa Bajha immediately ran out and threw a
Carpet over him 5 and then caufed him to be carried to his Tent, where
all poffible Care was taken of him 5 and they even began to conceive
fome Hopes of his Recovery. The perfevering Muftafa^ refolving to have that
Fort, carried it at laft, after the moll: obftinate Refiftance that, perhaps, was
ever recorded. He got it not till the very laft Knight droped in the Breach,
nor till he had loft, by Computation, complete 8000 of the Flower of his
Army. When he entered, obferving how fmall a Fort it was, he could
Vol. II. Ppp not

474 The History of Algiers.

not forbear crying out } " What will not the * Father do to us, fince this
" his puny Son cofts us the braveft of our Troops ! " Dtagut furvived not
the Reduction of that Fort many Moments: For fome of his Officers,
running to his Tent to carry him the News, found him juft upon his
Departure. Tho' he had loft his Speech, he feemed eager to know the
Event : And when they acquainted him with the Succefs, he failed not to
expreG his Joy and Satisfaction by feveral exterior Tokens and Geftures :
When lifting up his Eyes towards Heaven, as if in Thankfgiving for
fuch welcome Tydings, he initantly expired. " A Captain, fays

" LAbbe de Vertot, of lingular Worth and Valour, and even abundantly
" more humane than Corfairs generally are."- As to the reft, we may

venture to allow him to have been a brave Man, and in few Refpe&s, if
in any at all, inferior to either of the Barba-roj/as. We have dwelled the
longer on the Subject, on Account of the notable Figure he once made
as an Algerine. As Haedo fays little concerning him, we know nothing
either of the Family he had, or of his perfonal Defcription. Hajjan
Bajha of Algiers (whofe Life we were writing before this Digreflion) ar-
rived not, it feems, at Malta till after the Demife of Dragut: So that
Haedo, inftead of faying, that the Algerines loft half their Troops at the
Attacks of Fort S. Elmo, ftiould have faid at thofe of Fort S. Michael.

A. D. if 67. From Otlober if 6f. when Hajari Bajha returned to Al-
giers from J Malta, till the Beginning of this Year, he enjoyed his Repofc
at Home j little of Moment occurring in thofe Parts during that Interval.
In February arrived eight Levant Gailies at T'emendefuft (corruptly called
Metafuz) from one of which the Signal Gun being fired (as ufual in thofe
Days, when any Order came from the Sultan) the Bajha difpatched a
Brigantine to learn the Bufinefs. Word being foon brought him, that
thofe Gailies were the Convoy to Mahamed Bajha, Son to the late famous
Salba Rats, fent by the Grand Signer as his Succeflbr, he immediately e-
vacuated the Palace, contrary to Cuftom j as being almoft certain, that he
muft now bid Adieu to his dear Algiers, for ever. And accordingly, he
made all poflible Expedition for his Departure. He frankly made over to
the new B ijba, and his Succeflbrs, in perpetuum, the Propriety of the fine
Bagnio he built at Algiers 5 befides which he left the Public a great Num-

x Me ning the Cattle 5. Angek, or, perhaps, the Town, named 11 Borgo.
I Look bick to P. 438.

ber

The Histort ^/Algiers. 471

ber of ChriftiatiS) his own Slaves, among whom were many good Artifts in
feveral ufeful Faculties : All which was his free Gift. He likewife left
behind him the King of Cucco's Daughter, hisSpoufe, together with the
young Son fhe bore him } which Lady, and her Son, lived at Algiers,
many Years after this, in great Honour and Reputation. Hajfan Bajha
died at Conflantinopk in 1^70, after a peaceable Enjoyment of his great
Wealth, and was interred under the fame Dome with his Father, the re-
nowned Heyradin Barba-rojfa. When Hajfan Bajha took this his final Leave
of Algiers, where he had governed fince September I5"6*2, he was in his fifty
firft Year. He was middlc-fized and very corpulent j infomuch that he
ufed many unfuccefsful Endeavours to bring down his Fat. His Complex-
ion was extremely clear, his Eyes large, with Beard and Eye-brows Jet-
black, but, like his Father's, very thick and buftiy. He had a molt
graceful and agreeable Lifp with his Tongue, and fpoke divers Languages
to great Perfection, more particularly the Spanifb, in which he was not to be
diftinguifhed from a natural Spaniard. He was of a mo ft generous and
courteous Difpolition, and always inclined to advance his Donieftics ; In-
fomuch, adds Haedo my Author, that moll; of the principal Al-Caids, as
well Renegadoes as others, owe their Fortunes to his Bounty j as having been
his Servants. Befides that Son he had by the King of Cucco's Daugh-
ter, he had another much elder, named Mahamed Bey, by a beautiful Re-
negada of Corjtca, This young Gentleman, prefently after the Death of
Dragut Rais 2 , efpoufed that great Man's only Daughter and Heirefs. And,
in if 71, when Don Juan de Auftria attacked Navarin, in the Morea, this
Mahamed Bey, as he was making off, in a large Galley of his own, was pur-
fued, overtaken and intercepted by the Marquifs De Santa Cruz, General
of the Neapolitan Gallics : And as, on Account of his cruel Difpofition,
he was mortally detelied by all his Slaves, juft as they found the Marquis
was ready to clap them on board, thy fell upon that their Tyrant, and had
actually torn him Piece-meal before the Captors could poflibly prevent fuch
a Piece of Inhumanity. As it no where appears that he left any IfTue, we
may prefume that, in him, the Family of the Barba-rojJ'as became extinct.
- Among F. Haedo's Martyrs are to be met with many notable, in-
tervening Occurrences, the which (at lead large Extracts of them) we, on
fecond Thoughts, referve for another Pkce, where they may be introduced

z Either Haedo, who fays this, or VAbbe de Vertot, who gives it a quite different Turn, muft
l>i in the wrong. Look back to P. 432.

Pp p z apart:

4 7 <s The History of Algiers.

apart : A Method refolved on purely to avoid a too great Interruption, or,
as we may fay, Intanglement of the Thread of our Hiftory.

8f!S5!3K9S

CHAP. XII.

Basha XV, XVI. Mahamed Basha, Son of Sal-
ha Rais. A li Basha, Fart as, vulgarly

called Ochali: A Renegado of Calabria.

An. Bom. ig 6*7.

ON Account of his Father's Merit, and his own good Character,
Mahamed Bajha was very well received at Algiers. He found the
Country labouring under great Scarcity of Bread J yet, by his prudent
Management, Matters went better than could be expected. He was re-
markable for his Uriel: Juftice, whereby he freed the Roads from the Swarms
of Robbers, who ufed grievoufly to infeft thofe Quarters. For fome Time
after his Acccffion, fcarce a Day pafled without fome Execution. One
Morning as he was looking from the Turret of his Palace, perceiving
the Wall, over which the Malefactors ufed to hang, to be quite empty,
he faid to thofe with him, " What is the Meaning of this ! Has not my
*' Wall yet Breakfafted ? " Being told, that none had been convicted j and
that there was but one poor Wretch in the Prifon s he inftandy ordered him
for Execution. However, this Rigour had the defired Effect. He was
a great Lover of Dogs and Hawks, and bred many, with which he ufed
to hunt in the Neighbourhood of Algiers-, in which Particular few of the
Algerine Turks are much to be noted j tho' they are great Shooters. The
only Expedition he made abroad was to quell an Infurrection at Coftantina,
the Capital City of the Eaftern Province. The Turkijb Governor having
attempted to force away a young Damfel from her Parents, the People
rofe and expelled the Garrifon * fome of the Turks being killed in the
Scuffle. He entered the City as an Enemy, and all the Inhabitants that

came

The History <?/Algiers. 477

came into his Hands were fold as Slaves to fuch as would purchafe. This
Proceeding afterwards coft him his Government, as will appear anon. Tho'
this brilk Bajha had not any farther Occafion of exercifing his martial
Genius, yet he may be termed one of thofe to whom the Algerines are
mod obliged j and had he continued longer among them, their Obligati-
ons to him would, very probably, have been ftill greater. It was he who
reconciled the a Janifaries and Levants, effectually incorporating thofe
two ever-jarring Bodies. .He was, likewife, the firft Bajha who feemed
cordially difpofed to render Algiers impregnable. The Caille, on a Hill,
about foo Paces from the Al-Cafabba, or Citadel, in the uppermoft and
mod Southern Part of the City, as maybe farther explained in the Topo-
graphy, goes by his Name, as being intirely his own Work : The Buil-
der was a Sicilian Renegade), who had been an Ingenier at the Goletta.
His Administration had like to have been remarkably unfortunate to the Al-
gerines, by the total Deftruction of all their Cruifers. The Affair was this :
A bold and expert Mariner, a moft excellent Pilot, whofe Name

was Juan Gafcon, and whofe Abode was near Valencia, in Spain, at afmall
maritime Place called ]Q Qarao, defirous of Honour and Recompence, re-
paired to his Catholic Mfcjefty Philip II, alluring him, that he would un-
dertake to fire every one of the Algerine Coriairs in their Port. This
Offer was well relifhed by King and Council : And the Vice-Roy of Va-
lencia had Orders to furnifh this Adventurer with whatever he fhould re-
quire } which confifled of no greater a Force than two Brigantines, one
of fourteen, the other of fifteen Banks-. Thefe are a fmaller Sort of Ga-
leots. With thefe Brigantines, in excellent Order, manned with flout
Rowers and other ufeful Hands, all of his own chufing, together with
good Store of Fire- Works , the adventurous Valencian fet out on his
daring Enterprife. He had rightly judged his Time, which was early in
October, when, generally, the Weather thereabouts begins to grow flor-
my. His laft fetting out was from Mayor ca, the Vice- Roy of which Ii-
land had, alfo, Orders to aflift him in whatever he fhould demand. The
Seafon of the Year, not very fit for Gallies to be at Sea, added to the
general CefTation of Complaints, for feveral Days paft, flrongly confirmed
this Adventurer in his Opinion, that he fhould catch them all napping :
Yet he was defirous of ocular Demonstration 5 and ventured near enough

Look back to P. 387;

even

478 The History of Algiers.

.even at noon Day, to difcover the Port crouded with Gallies, Galeots and
Brigantines, molt of them unrigged. This he might do without much
Danger of being diftinguifhed, at that Diftance, in thofefnug Boats, with
their Sails furled. Having made it fo much his BuGnefs to inform himfeif
of the State and Nature of that Port, he fo contrived it, that juft about
Mid-Night, when it might be fuppofed that thofe Moors, who are quar-
tered here and there at the Marine, and on board the Veflels, were in
their firft Sleep (for they are none of the ftri&eft People in their Difci-
pline) he arrived at the Foot of the Mole-Head, where now ftands the
Caftle of the Fanar, or Lantern. Every thing fell out as he could havedefi-
red, they being all in fo deep a Sleep, even the Dogs, that his Men had
Time and Opportunity to get even on board all the VefTels, where they
began amain to apply their Fire -Works. But they who mixed up
thoie Compofitions certainly deferred as bad a Treatment as poor Juan
Gafcon afterwards met with j for they could not poflibly make them take
any EfFe6c.* Juan Gafcon ( while his People were following his Di.
lections, to the utmoll of their Power, though fo very unfuccefs fully)
would needs put in Practice a ufelefs yet perilous Bravado. Nothing would
ferve him, but (in order to give the Algerines fome farther Caufe to talk
of and remember him) he would go up to Bsb-al-Zeira, or the City Gate
leading to the Mole, and there leave his Poniard flicking. In the great
Baftion juft over that Gate, there is a conftant Garrifon of Turks; who
are not fo very remifs. However, he was refolved : And he had the
Boldnefs to knock thrice very hard with the Pommel, and then to leave
it there fad flicking, as he intended. Tho' he had the good Fortune not
to be efpied by any of the Turks, while he was fo braving them, under
their very Nofes, his Aflbciates could not fo filcntly or imperceptibly buftlc
about in their fruitlefs Endeavours, but that they rouzed fome of thofe
droufy Guards ; Thefe inftantly began amain to bawl out to the reft $ who
anfwering from all Quarters, the Uproar was fo Threat, that it foon alarm-
ed the Turks polled in the adjacent Baftions. Juan Gafcon, to his utter
Mortification, finding the Alarm given before his Project had taken the
leaft Effect, he pofted away from the Gate, where he had been employ-
ing himfeif as above-hinted, and encouraged his Men to beftir themfelvcs
to fome better Purpofe. But all the Endeavours they could poflibly put
in Practice proved wholly ineffectual. This ftrange Deliverance feveral of
the moft credulous among the Africans^ 6cc, fail not to attribute to the

z efficacious

7 he History ^/Algiers. 479

efficacious Protection of b Sidi Oulededda, who flood their Friend fo power-
fully in if 41. At length, with Anguifh of Mind, perceiving nothing would
avail, and that the Place would foon be too hot to hold them, this daring Va*
Uncian called all his People about him: And finding the Moon were got to-
gether and approaching to attack them, he drew his Sword and charged
the preffing Guards ; when having brought down one of the foremofl,
he retreated to his Brigantines, which prefently put off from the Shore,
rowing away with all Speed to avoid worfe Confequences. Nor did thofe
fucceflels Adventurers abate their ftrenuous Rowing till towards Noon,
the next Dayj when being got about twenty Leagues on their Way to
Valencia, they imagined themfelves paft all Danger, and lay-by upon their
Oars to take fome Hours Refpite. Their Conductor, being quite fcanda-
lized at this unaccountable Mil carriage, and, full of Shame and Refent-
ment, began to feel the Pulfes.of his Equipages j whether they would
bear him Company, in cafe he would determine upon another Attempt j
which, he intimated, he was ftrongly inclined to undertake, in a few Days.
While the Matter was canvaffing, they efpied a Galeot making toward s
them, with the utmoft Fury and Diligence of Oars and Sails. As they
readily guefTed right at the Affair, they began to ply their Oars as vigo-
roufly as they had done before : And better would it have been for fome
of them, more efpecially their Principal, if, inftead of flaying there to
debate, they had done fo fomewhat fooner. The Cafe flood thus. *

Tho' at that unfeafonable Time of the Night, certain of the Bajha's Of-
ficers immediately repaired to the Palace 5 informing him of all that had
happened. Without Delay, he fent for four" Captains, whofe Galeots were
not quite unrigged, ordering them flrictly to get ready that very Moment,
and with all poflible Expedition to purfue thofe Briagntines, taking each
a different Courfe j forbidding them, under the fevereft Penalties ever to
prefume to appear in his Prefence, without bringing him fome fatisfactory
Account of at leafl one of them. Well provided with the very beft
Rowers in all Algiers, and as much Sail as they could pofllbly croud on,
they were at Sea in an Inftant ; each taking a contrary Way. The Cap-
tain who bent his Courfe North, was a Rem gad '0 Greek, named Delli Rais;
and, on Account of his Lamenefs, furnamed Top&l. It was his Galeot
the Valencians efpied -, and notwithstanding the Speed they made, they

I Vide Vo\.I. P. ^

too-

48o The History of Algiers.

too foon perceived how much the Galeot gained upon their lefs-nimble
Brigantincs : c For the Galeot, fays Hatch my Author, glided along like
a Fiih." This furious Chafe held for at leaft eighty Miles : When
Juan Gafcon's own Brigantine, being fomewhat a-ftern of its better-heel-
ed Confort, was overtaken, and prefently forced to a Surrendry. Refinance
would have been vain, againft fuch difproponionate Odds j yet feveral of
the Chriflians were wounded with the firft Volley fent among them by
their^ Attackers. The other luckily got clear away during that fhort
Scuffle. However, the Turks were extremely well fatisfied with what
they had got \ but abundantly more fo when, by fome of their new Cap-
tives, they were informed that Juan Gafcon, the Captain and Contriver
of all, was in their Pofleflion: A Perfon they rightly judged would be a
moil welcome Gueft to Mahamed Bajha, and many others, whom they
liad left in a no fmall Surprifc at theBoldnefs of his Attempt. Oftobsr 14,
157S7, in the Morning, they prefented him, together with the reft of his
Fellow- Prifoners, to the expecting Bajlm. This Vice-Roy being defirous
of making a notable Example of one who durft imbark in fuch an Affair,
he immediately ordered a c Gibbet to be erected at the very Place where
he landed, and that he (hould be there hung on the Hook, by one Heel,
and in that infufferable Torture remain till he expired: In order, as he
faid, to deter the Chriflians from ever attempting any thing of a like Na-
ture. This Sentence was well relifhed by many of the By-Standers, who
failed not to aggravate the Infolence of the Undertaking : " Which he
* c carried, faid they, to fuch a Pitch, that, not fatisfied with firing our
ce Veflels in the Port, under our Nofes, he mult needs brave us at our
* c very Gate where he. left us his Poniard, as a Token, that he fixed it
" there merely becaufe he could not flick it in our Hearts > all which,
tho* he would deny, is confirmed by his own Companions." So the cruel
Sentence was forthwith put in Execution : And as a farther Token of the
Bajha's Wrath, King Philip's Patent, or Commiffion, was hung up with him*
fattened to one of his Toes. Having continued in that Anguifh, tho' very
patiently, for about an Hour, he was taken down and conveyed to the Beylic-
Bagnioy where the public Slaves are (hut up, upon the following Motives
As there is feldom, among the Turks and other Mahometans, a Moment's In-
terval between Sentence and Execution, our Bajha's Minifters of Juftice

* Look back to P. 391 . where the Nature of that inhuman Invention is amply defcribed.

1 had

The History ^Algiers, mi

had got the condemned Criminal upon the Hook, before any, ex-
cept fuch as chanced to be prefent, knew directly what was to be his
Fate. But when thofe who daily ufed the Sea, found how the Matter
had been determined, upon a general Confutation, the Chjefs of them
immediately repaired to the Palace, expreffing to the Bajha. an utter
Diflike of thefe his violent Proceedings. Of all thofe Corfairs, none
ftickled fo vigorously as did Delli Rats, Fopdl, the Greek Renegado-Cap-
tain who brought in the Brigantine. Among other Arguments, in all
which the reft failed not to back him, he reprefented to the Bo/ha, That,
" among War-faring Men, nothing was more common than to ufe ones
" utmoft Endeavours, as well by Stratagem as Force, to do an Enemy
" all poffible Damage > on all which Accounts the Actors ought not to
c have inflicted on them any particular and extraordinary Chaftifement.
" Do not we, continued he, daily and hourly do the like, whenever it
<c is in our Power ? In ihort, my Lord, it behoves you not to fet the
u Cbrifiians fuch Examples j left they retort them upon us, if it be our
" Chance to fail into their Hands." In this and fuch-like Reafonings he
perfifted fo firmly, that, tho* againft his Inclination, Mahamed Bajha was
obliged to fufFer the Corfairs to act as they pleafed. Delli Rais, follow-
ed by all who had accompanied him to the Palace, and by many others
who approved of what he was about, limped away, as faft as his lame
Leg would permit, and arriving at the Place of Execution, he inftantly
caufed the Sufferer to be unhooked, to the great Satisfaction of many, and
the Difguft of many others. At the Bagnio, he was much reforted to, as
a Spectacle, by People of all Sorts and Perfuafions, as well Enemies as
Friends } and feveralof the Chriftians his Fellow-Captives, and particularly
a Spanijb Surgeon, took great Care of his Recovery : But it was not his For-
tune to come off at fo cheap a Rate. Two Days after, certain Morifcoes,
or Spanijb Moors, having efcaped thither from Spain (as fome of them
were almoft daily doing in thofe Days, the Inquifition then perfecuting
thofe People with the utmoft Violence) informed the Bajha (whether
truly, or out of a Spirit of pure Mifchief and Revenge) that it was the
univerfal Notion and Difcourfe of the Chriftians of thofe Parts from whence
they juft came, " That the Algerines durft not hurt a Hair of Juan Gap*
u con's Beard, left the Spanijb Armada fhould blow their Town to the
" Bottom of the Sea." With more fuch-like Rhodomantades. The Bajha*
too readily fwallowing thefe malicious Infinuations, and wanting not Inftiga-
yot. II. QLq q tors

4*2, The History ^Algiers.

tors at his Elbow, in a terrible Fury commanded his Satellites to return
the unhappy Vakncian to the Torture from which he hath fo lately
been taken, and feemingly delivered. Enough were at Hand to fly upon
fuch Errands j even had not the Tyrant's Orders been fo pofitive and
exprefs, or his Power fo defpotic. Refolving to make fure Work of ir,
and rather extenuate this Offenders Torments than hazard a fecond ef-
fectual Interceffion in his Behalf, inftead of fixing him purpoiely on the
Hoofc fo as he might feel hirafelf die, as was before pra&ifed, they hoifted
him up by a Pulley, and let him fall, from aloft, upon the menacing
Cbiagan, or Hook, which (fortunately for him under that deplorable Cir-
cumftance) took him in the Belly 5 by which mortal Stroke he was in-
flantly put out of Pain j fince, without uttering a Word, or even a Groan,
he forthwith expired. Nor (lopped the Bajba's Fury there : For he ab-
folutely forbad any to offer to remove the Body j but it remained in ter-
rorem, many Days; till, being partly wafted, fome Cbrifiian Slaves ven-
tured to Ileal away the Remnants, which they privately buried, in the
Chrifiians Burial-Place, without the Weftern Gate, called Beb-al-Weyd.
The unfortunate Juan Gafcon is one of F. Haedo\ Martyrs.

More to give a Tafte of the vindictive Spirit of the perfecuted Mo-
tifcoes (whom, all things confidered, were not fo vehemently to be blamed
for it) than for any other Reafon, we will take Notice of another of
this Author's Martyrs, whole Tragedy was acted under this Bajba\ Ad-
miniftration. But thole Spanijh Moors have been long fince reftrained,
by the furks, from putting, fo openly, in Practice the Dictates of their
implacable Difpofition towards the whole Spanijb Nation, more particu-
larly the Ecclefiaftics, their mod zealous Perfecutors : The Turks of
Algiers, efpecially of late Years, thinking it not lb reafonable, that the
Innocent fhould fuffer for the Guilty. The Story runs thus.

Early in Augufl, if68. a Frigate, or Brigantine, belonging to Sherfiel,
going out upon the Cruife, put aihore in the Bay of Almeria, and brought
off feveral Chrifiians, and among them a flout Soldier, an Inhabitant of
that City, named Juan de Molina. It has been obferved, d that thofe of
Sberjhel are generally natural Morifcoes. In a very few Days the Frigata
returned home, with what Booty thofe Adventurers had made and, as
ufual, was foon vifited by fuch as were led by their Curiofity. Upon In-
.. - . ' . " "

Fide Vol. I. in the Life of the Barfa-rojfas.

quhy,

The History ^/Algiers. 4$j

quiry, from what Part of the Spanijb Coaft thofe new Captives were
brought, a certain Morifco of Sberjbel, among the reft, hearing that Juan
de Molina was boch a Native and Inhabitant of Almeria, alked him, if he
could tell him directly what was become of a near Relation: of his, who
was made Slave, about three Years before, by the Patrolling Guards of
Almeria-, naming and defcribing the Perfon. The Story of that Moor
was this. He was a Native of Granada, and, having efcaped from the
Tyranny of the Inquifitors, fettled at Shetjbth as many others of his Re-
latives and Compatriots had done. e As the Morifcoes had no very great
Reafon to bear the Spaniards any very extraordinary good Will, they con-
tinually conducted the Barbary Corfairs to the Spanijb Coafts, with which,
as Natives, they were fo well acquainted, carrying off the Contents of
whole Villages. Upon fuch an Errand, in a Brigantine of Sherjbel, went
the Moor in Qyeftion 5 and, landing, with a few others, at Cape De
Gata, eleven or twelve Miles from Almeria, they lay lurking in a much-
frequented Road, in hopes of furprifing unwary Paflengers. A Party of
Guards, from that City, being there polled purpofcly, they were all taken
except two, who, by their Agility, regained the Brigantine. This Juan
de Molina was one of thofe Soldiers : And, upon being fo interrogated,
unadvifedly told the Inquirer, " That he knew the Perfon he mentioned
" very well; having been himfelf one of thofe who took him Prifoner.
" That, being conducted by them to Almeria, he was prefently known
" by many Chrifiians and Morifcoes of that Place, who had Dealings with
< c him in Granada, before his Flight to Barbary, which was about fix
" Years fince. Of this the Corrigidor having Information, he fent for
'* him ; and, upon Examination, it appeared, that he, one Night, mur-
" dered his Wife, by whom he had Children, on Account of lome Suf-
" picion he had conceived of her Conduct, and after the Fact made his
" Efcape. He was thereupon (added the too loquacious Spaniard,) fent
" away in Irons to Granada, where the Crime being plainly proved
" againft him, by his Profecutors, the poor butchered Woman's Relati-
" ons, he was fentenced to the Gibbet, and accordingly executed: Tho',
u (continued he, ftill more inconfideratcly) he deferved a different Sort
" of Death, for having Apoftatized from the Holy Cbriftian Faith, and

...

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Read the Cafe of the Mori/cots, or Spavlf,) Moors, in my Mabinetifv; Explained,
Vol. II.

Q^q q 2 " a&ing

484 W* History of Algiers.

" a&ing as a Spy and a Guide to the Barbary Pyrates. " [Wife Dif-
courfes for one in his Circumftances !] This fired the whole Audience of
Sherjbelians ; more particularly the Relatives and Intimates of the faid
Defunct, whofe Numbers were then considerably increafed. The Rela-
tion ftruck them to the Heart j nor could they look on the imprudent
Relater as any other than a principal Agent in their Friend's Misfortune :
And accordingly they meditated Revenge 5 but dhTembled for the prefent.
After a few Hours Continuance at Sberjbel, the Brigantine fet out for
Algiers, about twenty Leagues to the Eaft, in order there to difpofe of
the new Slaves. Thither, alfo, repaired two of thofe Morifcoes, by
Land * with a View of putting in Execution their already-concerted De-
figns, which, at their Arrival at that Capital, they failed not communi-
cating to the Morifcoes there fojourning; among whom, as mortal Ha-
ters of all Cbrijlians, efpecially the Spaniards, they met with all the En-
couragement could be defired. Accofting the Rats, or Captain of the
Brigantine, they agreed with him for the Price of Juan de Molina, and,
giving Earned, took him away to the Houfe of a certain Tagarine, or
Morifco of Algiers, where they fhut him up, loaded with Chains, not
permitting him the Sight of any Cbriftian. Next Morning, about a
Dozen of their Chiefs, taking with them the two Sherjbelians, went to
the Bajba, to whom they related the Cafe, with the following Aggrava-
tions: " That the Morifcoes of Spain were fo tyrannically treated, that
<c they were not only forcibly compelled to turn Cbriftians, but if any
<c of thofe forced Profclytes, for his Soul's Safety, endeavoured to efcape
" to a Mujfulman Country, in order to profefs his Creed in Security, if
< c caught, they put him to the crueleft Death, as had lately been the
" Fate of an innocent Perfon, a Kinfman of thofe two worthy Sberjbe-
<c Hans, whom they had executed moft barbaroufly at Granada, to deter
" others of that perfecuted Nation from the like Attempts. " So well
they knew how to tell their Story, and to reprefent Matters in fuch
Colours, that Mabamed Bajba feemed greatly incenfed j which was juft
what the mifchievous Moors aimed at. Then their Spokefman purfuecf
the Point, in fuch Terms : " Your Excellency mull farther know, that
*' a Brigantine of Sberjbel, juft come from Cruife, has brought a Spa"
" niard, who confeffes himfelf to have been actually at the apprehending
" of the faid innocent Man, and that he was the chief Inftrument of his
Death : We therefore fupplicate your Highnefs's Permiffion, in order

4 fc to

7he History <?f Algiers 485

tc to terrify the Chriflians from fuch Barbarities, that we may revenge
" that our Friend's Blood by burning alive this his Murderer, according to
" his Demerits. " In the Difpofition Mahamed Bajha then was, and who
took all for granted, he needed not much farther Intreaty : So he told
them, they were at Liberty to do as they judged requifite j and they de-
parted well fatisfied. The Mobility of Algiers are like thofe of other
Parts of the World j generally fpeaking, Lovers of Mifchief. One can-
not better defcribe the Motion that whole Town is in, at the burn-
ing, or otherwife executing a Chrijiian, or a Jew, than by comparing it
to the Hubbub we here fee on Execution- Days, or what is to be feen in>
Spain and Portugal, at the Autos de Fe, or the Goal- Delivery of the /-
quifition, when thofe pious Fathers deliver up to the Secular Arm their
Convict Heretics, to be Roajied alive 5 for it cannot be called Burning -
Yet thofe Hypocrites, with Tears, fupplicate the Judges to treat them
mercifully. As for thofe zealous Morifcoes, who were fo bent upon re-
venging their Kinfman's Blood upon this partly innocent, yet intirely in-
difcreet Spaniard, they were not altogether fo blinded with their Zeal for
the Prophet's Caufe (as they call thofe Affairs) or with Defire of Venge-
ance, but that their Eyes were open enough to their Intereft. So they
concluded not to make immediate Ufe of the Licenfe granted them by
the Bajha\ but, in order to. keep as much of their Money in their Purfes
as poflible, to raife what Contributions they could from well-difpofed
People : Otherwife their Paftime was likely to prove fomewhat expen-
five. The Method they took to re-imburfe themfelves, was this. On
the fucceeding Friday, which is well known to be the Mahometan Sab-
lath, the intended Victim was brought forth, as in Proceflion, his Mouth
gagged and Hands bound behind. Before him marched four grave Perfonages,
Morifcoes, with Dimes in their Hands, and behind him feveral others, as
Guards : Nor wanted they numerous Attendants. In this folemn Order, they
repaired to the Mofques, juft at the Conclusion of Mid-Day Service, begging
Alms of the feveral Congregations, as they came out : The Words ufed in
this their pious Employment, were* " For God's Sake, beftow fomething
" towards purchafing this Dog of a Cbriftian, whom we are going to .
" burn alive." And, the farther to excite their Charity, they failed not
to reprefent the poor deftined Sacrifice as a moll: inhuman Murderer, who
had imbrued his impious Hands in the innocent Blood of one of their
Brethren, whole only Crime was the having endeavoured to make his EC

cape

4$6 The History of Algiers.

cape thither, with the View of ferving God and the Prophet unmoleft-
cd : AH which the unhappy Wretch had the Mortification to hear (for
the Morifcoes then all talked Spanijh among themfclves ; as they ftill do in
feverai fmall Towns, in the Kingdom of Tunis, where they co-habit un-
mixed) without being able tojuftify himfelf, by Reafon of the Gag
Here, and indeed all over, F. Hatdo preaches very fervently over his
Martyr > which is not fo much to our Purpofe. The poor Man's Cafe
was, in Reality, very lamentable : But the Spaniards fhould not have fct
fuch Examples. Whether the Sberjbettans Avarice was greater than the
Charity of the Algerines, is not declared ; but certain it is, that poor
Juan de Molina was fo led in Proceffion for feverai Days, and underwent
unfpcakable Indignities and Infults from the infolent Populace : And his
Conductors fcrupled not to complain of the Peoples Want of true Zeal
for the Caufe * u Since they had walked many a weary Step before they
u could collect much more than would pay for the Wood, which was
u to be emploied in burning that Infidel. " [Tho* upon fome fuch

Occafions, particularly if it is a Jew who is to undergo the fiery Trial,
I my felf have feen the Houfe- Keepers, Women efpecially, moft offici-
oufly throwing out their Billets, upon the firft Call of " Oud Lillab / '*
i. e. c A Stick of Wood, for the Lord's Sake! "]

My Author here again preaches very much. He, likewife, affirms fome
Kenegadoes to have fignalized their Zeal in this Affair, in order to be

thought well of. Likely enough. Auguft 20. The Directors of this

Tragedy having now got all they could, they determined this Day to feaft
their Spectator's Eyes with the Sacrifice for which they were impatiently
waiting : And, indeed, the Cafe had been fo villanoufly and malicioufly
reprefented, that the miferable Spaniard (who, for his once having fpoken
too freely, was now denied even to fpeak a Syllable in his own Juftifica-
tion) met with very Pity. A prodigious Quantity of Wood having been
conveyed to the Marine, near the Cattle of the Fanar, or Lantern, upon
the fmall Itiand which now forms the Head of the Mole,) and laid in
Order, the Victim was conducted thither, about three in the After- Noon >
followed by a vaft Concourfe of People. To cut fliort (for Haedo makes
a very long Story of it) being tied Hands and Feet with a flrong new
Cord, he was hoifted up by fix luffy Moors, and caft violently, with all
his Cloathson, from above, into the raging Pile, which infiantly put an
End to his Sufferings. The Fire continued burning great Part of the
1 Night,

The History of Algiers. ' 4*7

Night, and fo confumed this Martyr, that my Author feems 'dubious,
whether the Chriftians could get any of his Relicts.

This Relation may ferve to give an Idea of the State of Affairs between
the Morifcoes of thofe Times, and their Perfecutors the Spaniards ; as,
likewife, of fome Part of the Difpofition of this Bajha. About forty
two Years after happened the general Expulfion of thofe Spanijh Moors 9
concerning which memorable Revolution, fo evidently pernicious to
Spain, I have treated fomewhat particularly in my Mahometifm Explained,
Vol. II. Barbary ftill fwarms with their Off-fpring, as may be farther
obferved, who ftill remember the Injuries done to their Fore-Fathers, and
fail not to retort them, as Occafion offers. But, as has been faid, none
of thefe public Executions are now allowed of by the Turks. Yet, the
Spanijh Slaves greatly dread falling into the Hands of a Tagarine, or Mo-
rifco Patron $ they being, generally, the worft Mailers they can have, on
Account of thofe old Grudges : And, in particular, Woe to the Prieft,
Monk or Frier, whofe unpropitious Stars happen to throw him into their
avenging Clutches. For, tho' few of thofe Dealers in Human Flefh love
their Money fo little as to touch the Lives of their Slaves, who are ge-
nerally the main Bulk of their Eftates, yet a Spanijh Ecclefiaftic needs no-
farther Purgatory, for the Expiation of his Back- Hidings, than once to
have entered a Fagarine's Dungeon* Not that this Rule is fo very general,
as to be wholly exceptionlefs 5 fome of the Morifcoes treating their Captives
tolerably. But the fevered Part of this unhappy Spaniard's Martyrdom mud
needs have been that unaccountable Proceffioning him, amidft Throngs
of execrating Perfecutors, mod of whom feemed to take a Pleafure in
contributing their Mites towards fending him out of the World, in the
crueleft Manner they could invent (for fo he might juftly have fuggefted)
with the deteftable Character of a Murderer 5 and all this with the great-
eft Formality, and as a Deed moll: meritorious. For, as to his ultimate
Sufferings, he certainly came off" abundantly better than fome other Spa-
niards, chiefly Priefts, had done upon fuch like Occalions, according to
this and other Spanijh Writers j who were actually roafted alive, in the
following Inquifition-\'\kc Manner. Viz. The Anchor of a Galley, with-
out the traverfe Timber, being fo fixed in the Ground, with the Flooks
downward, that the erect Body of it formed an Iron Stake : The Convict
was faftened thereto by a Chain round his Middle j but at fuch Diftance,
that he might walk round the Stake as he pleafed. With a Circle of

Few el,

4S$ * The History 0/ Algiers.

Fcwel, moftly green Wood, feven, eight, nine, or more Feet in Diame-
ter, ready laid to be fet on a Blaze, the deftined Victim flood furrounded.
Nor did thofe exquifite Torturers, the Morifcoes (for thefe were always
their Doings) omit previoufly either to wet his Garments fufficiently, in or-
der to prolong his Sufferings, or to place Pitchers ^fiill of Water within
his Reach for him to afluage the raging Thirft he was foon to un-
dergo. Thus I have been aflured they formerly ferved certain Eccle-
fiaftics, and others, whom they had purpofely fpirited away out of Spain,
as knowing them to be Spies and Informers to the Inquifitors, and have
caufed them to be many Hours under that languishing and diabolical
Manner of feeling themfelves die, as we may fay, by Inches. Thofc
odious Vermin are but too numerous throughout Spain and Portugal, where
they are known by the Name of Familiares. If any thing can render
the Morifcoes excufable in acting with fuch more than favage Barbarity, ic
\s the Plea they had always in their Mouths, that they did it only in ter-
rorem, and by Way of Retaliation. But to have done with this Shock-
ing Theme, for the prefent, we return to Mabamed Bajha.

Some of the Citizens of Cojiantina having found Means to lay their
Complaints before the Ottoman Emperor, that Monarch, who allowed
no fuch Tyranny in his Subftitutes, immediately named that notable
Corfair Ocbali to fucceed the offending Bajba .* And, early in the fuc-
ceeding March, he arrived at Algiers.

This Mabamed Bajba governed only fourteen Months. When he left
this Government, he was in his thirty fifth Year. He was middle-fized,
neither fat nor lean, of a clear Complexion, fomewhat (quinting, and

very black-haired. In 1571, when Don Juan de Aujtria routed the

Ottoman Fleet, this Bajba was captivated, and, with feveral other prin-
cipal turk'ijb Officers, fent to Rome, as a Prefent to Pope Pius V. They
were afterwards exchanged for certain Cbriftian Cavaliers, who were made
Prifoners at the taking of the Goletta.

Ali

The History of Algiers. 489

Ali Bash a Fartas: Vulgarly called Ochali,

A. D. 15*68. It was in the Beginning of March, this Year, as is above
obferved, that Ali Bajba arrived at Algiers, commiflioned from the Saltan
to fucceed in that Government the Son of Salha Rats, againft whom the
People of Coftantina had complained. Hiftory produces very few Exam-
ples of a Man's making fo remarkable a Figure in the World, from Be-
ginnings fo very mean and abject:, as did this famous Renegado. He was
born a Subject to his Cathvlic Majefty j being a Native of a miferable
Village, named Licajlelli, in Calabria, a Province of the Kingdom of
Naples. His Birth was fo obfeure, that even his Cbriftian Name is not
known 5 and during his Slavery, he was never called by any other Name
than Fartas, which in Arabic is the fame as the Spanijb Word Tmfo,
fignifying one who is fcald-headed. He was utterly illiterate 5 and had
never followed any Employ but that of a Fifher, or rowing in a Wherry,
till he was captivated by the Admiral of Algiers, who was a Renegado
Greek, named Ali Ahamed, who held that Poft feveral Years. His new
Patron, finding him to be a fturdy, robuft Youth, and, from his Infancy,
inured to the Salt- Water, chained him to one of the foremoft Oars, in
his own Galley, where he long continued. The natural Squalidity of his
Afpect, being always fwarming with Vermin, and full of Mange and
Scabs, occafioned him to be much defpifed by all, and even by his Fel-
low-Slaves, who never would either Mefs, or Row with him on the
fame Bank, except by Compulfion. Having endured all thofe Hardfhips
for fome Years, he at length became a MuJJulman, purely to have the Op-
portunity of retaliating a Blow given him by a certain Levent, or Sol-
dier, aboard the Galley. Bejng thus freed from the Oar, tho' not from
his Patron's- Service, that Admiral obferving his Alertnefs and Capacity
as a Mariner, foon made him his chief Boatfwain. In this Employ, it
was not long before {he picked up good Store of Ducats, wherewith
he purchafed Part of a Brigantine. Cruifing about in that fmall VefTel,
he played his Part fo effectually, that in a few Months he became not
only Rats, or Captain, but fole Proprietor of a fmart Galeot, in which
his Exploits got him the Character of one of the boldeft and mod expert
Corfairs in ail Barbary. Soon after, being offered good Encouragement
by Dragut Rais, who thenrefided chiefly at Jerba, he entered into his Ser-
Vol. II. Rrr vice,

490 The History of Algiers

vice, and was by that great Corfair held in particular Eftcem. When, in
if <So, the too obftinate Duke of Medina-Celi, Vice-Roy of Sicily, un-
dertook the Conqueft of that Ifland, Dragut (before the Arrival of the
Chrijlian Armada, which he knew was preparing to come againft him)
fent this Ochali to Conjlantinople, to demand Affiftance. The Word
Qcbali is no other than our European Corruption from Alouje-Ali, which
the Turks had previoufly corrupted from Ali-al-Ulj, or AH the Renegade
as fuch of the Moors and Arabs as had more Manners than to ufe the op-
probrious Appellation Fartas, were wont to call him, after he embraced
their Belief: This once for all, as to the Name of this noted Man, whom
we ihall call AH Rats, till we come to his Adminiftration as Vice- Roy of
Algiers, and next as Captain- Bajba * when his properer Title will be AH
Bajba. This All Rais fa well played his Cards at the Porte, that Saltan
Suliman readily fent his Grand Admiral, Piali Bajba, with ioo Royal.
Gallies, to protect his Favourite Dragut and his Acqui(itions. When the
'Furkijb Fleet came within twenty Miles of Jerba, the Captain- Bajba\-
Heart feemed to fail him, and he exprefled fome Unwillingnefs to attack;
the Cbriftian Armada. It is even reported, that he would actually have
retired, had he not been refolutely diflliaded and ftrongly animated by the
courageous Calabrian* The Refult of the Engagement was the utter
Defeat of the Cbrijtians-, almofl; all their Gallies being either taken or de-
ftroyed. The unadvifed Duke, and Gio. Andria D Oria, the Chrijlian
Admiral, themfelves had a very narrow Efcape. The Land Army was,
likewife, deftroyed, the Fort taken and demolifhed, with the Captivity
of more than iocoo Spaniards, among whom were General Don Alvaro
de Sande, Don Gafton de la Cerda, the Duke's Son, Dm JSerenguer, Ge-
neral of the Sicilian Gallies, and Don Sancbo de Leyva, General of thofe
of Naples, with a great Number of other Perfons of Diitinction, and in-
ferior Officers } befides the flain, who were feveral thoufands. Alt Rais
had fo great a Share in this fignal Victory, that it wonderfully inhaneed
his Fame and Reputation. Piali Bajba, in particular, dearly loved him
ever after j never failing upon all Occafions, to give him the mo ft con-
vincing Proofs of his extraordinary Friendihip and Affection. In if6f 9
he accompanied Dragut to the Siege of Malta, and highly fignalized him->
felf. At that brave Man's Deceafe, his Friend and Patron, the Gaptain-
Bajba, named him for Dragufs Succeflor in the Vice-Royalty of Tripoly,
and got his Commiuion afterwards confirmed by the Sultan, Upon this

z Account^

Ihe History of Algiers. 491

Account, our new Vice-Roy departed, from Malta, for Ttipoly, with three
Galeots 5 taking with him the Corpfe of his late Benefactor Dragut, in
order to its Interment in the Place Dragut himfclf had afligned. He there
took Pofleffion of all the Gallies, Slaves, Treafure, and other Effects of
that his Predeceflbr 5 and, thro* Piali Bajha's Intereft, continued to enjoy
the fame as his own rightful Property. He governed Tripoly very fuc-
cefsfully for about two Years and a half, increafing not only in Wealth,
but alfo in Renown, on Account of the calamitous Depredations he was
continually making upon the Christians throughout the Mediterranean,
more particularly on the Coafts of Sicily, Calabria and Naples. In Re-
turn for the many Obligations he had to the Captain- Bajh a, he was daily
fending him rare and valuable Prefents: And that grateful, generous Ad-
miral, upon the Complaints brought to Court againft Mahamed Bajba,
ufed all his Intereft to get the honourable Vice- Royalty of Algiers for
this his Favourite 5 at which Place he arrived , as has been obierved,
early in March, if 68, in a Capacity very different from that in which he
appeared at his firft being brought thither.

The War againft the revolted Morifcoes, in the Kingdom of Granada,
was then at the hotteft. Thofe People being forely prefTed, fent earneft
Supplications to Alt Bajba, for Afliftance againft the Spaniards their Per-
fecutors. Th\s Bajha, tho' he gave Licence to all who would go as Ad-
venturers, at their own Expences, would never fend them any Succours
a s from himfelfj ftill alledging : " That it more concerned him to defend
" well his own State, than to interfere With the Affairs of others." Nay,
when many of the Algerims, more particularly the Alorifcoes fettled at
Algiers, had imbarked a great Quantity of Arms, &c. in order to trans-
port them over to the Andalufian Coaft, to fell them to the Revolter?,
he feized them all ; faying : " He would never fuffer the Exportation of
" what was fo neceflary for the Defenfe of his own Dominion. " But
being greatly importuned by thofe his Tagarine Subjects, he at length con-
fented, u That all fUch as had two of a Sort, as Mufkets, Swords, or
* c other Weapons, might, if they thought fit, fend over one of them,
c c provided they did it gratis, and purely for the Caufe-Sakej but he would
** never, he faid, allow any of them to ftrrp themfelves of their Arms
" for Lucre. " He farther ordered fuch their Oblations to be brought
to a certain Mofaue, with a Defign of being an Eye-Witnefs of what
that his Licence would produce : And the Quantity there amaffed was fo

Rrri unexpectedly

492 The History of Algiers.

unexpectedly prodigious, that he was quite aftonifhed at the Zeal and Li-
berality of the Morifcoes. However, having firfl fent away to the City-
Magazine what Part of thofe Arms he thought proper, he permitted the
Remnant to be imbarked. This fame Year, Ali Baft a laid the Founda-
tion of Beb-al Weyd Caftle, of which Fortrefc fome Account fhall be
given in the Topography.

A. D. i ytfo. The fecond Year of his Adminiftration, he augmented
the Ottoman Empire by the Reduction of the whole Realm of Tunis,
Concerning that Expedition, take thefe few Particulars. Hamida, the
unnatural Rebel Son of Mulei Hajfan, King of Tunis, under the King of
Spain's Protection, ftill tyrannized over that Kingdom. The Goletta was
in abfolute Pofleffion of the Spaniards. Cairouan, an inland City, had a
King of its own, a reputed Santon. And as for mod of the maritime
Towns, they were fometimes poflefled by the Turkift Coriairs, other times
by the Cbriftians j and by Intervals independent. The Tyrant Hamida
never ceafing his infufferable Tyranny, the opprefled Tunijines, particu-
lirly the Nobility, grievoufly infulted and abufed, both in Perfon and
Eltate, not only by the Uiurper himfelf, but by the vilcft of his unwor-
thy Satellites, applied to the new Bafta of Algiers, with whom feveral
of their Chiefs were perfonally acquainted : Nor were any of thern
Strangers to his Character and enterprifing Difpofition. The principal
Managers of this Nogociation were three 3 Al-Caid Aben Jibadra, Gene-
ral of the Cavalry (who bore Hamida a mortal Grudge*, tho' he artfully
diflembled) and two other great Officers. Ali Bafta making no Hafte in
this Affair, at the Beginning of the Year, they again wrote in more pre
fing Terms-, making him a formal Tender of the Sovereignty of the
whole Realm, to be poflefled by him in the Name of the Ottoman Emperor.
Thefe Offers brought the ambitious Calabrian to a Determination. Commit-
ting the Adminiftration to the Care of Memmi Cor ft, his Favourite Renegade,
he fet out with only f oog Turks and Renegadoes from Algiers ; but in the Way
was joined by about 6000 Mountain-Cavalry, fent by the Princes of Cucco,
Beni- Abbas, and other Sheikhs. At Coftantina and Bona, as he pafled in
his March towards Tunis, he took with him all the Spabis belonging to
thofe Cities. His Train of Artillery confifted of ten light Field-Pieces*
By Sea, he had no Forces in this Expedition. Arriving, with this Camp,
at Beja (an ancient Town, two Days riding fhort of Tunis, in the
Road from Cofiantina, founded by the Romans, where this Hamida had

lately

Ihe History of Algiers. 49-3

lately built a Caftle, or Fort, mounted with fourteen Brafs Cannon) he
there halted. Hamida (oon came to attack him in thatlncampmenr,at the
Head of 30000 Horfe and Foot. The Engagement was fcarcc begun,
when the three Al-Caids^ with all their Partifans, according to the A-
greement, deferred to the Algerines. Upon this the Tyrant, with fuch as
would follow him, fled away to Tunis', as imagining the Citizens would
never rcfufe defending their Walls againft an Army of Turks ; a People
they had no Reafon to favour. Ali Bajha loft no Time, but purfued.
Incamping within lefs than two Miles of the City, at Al-Bardou, (which
then Royal Pleafure-Houfe is the Palace of the prefent Bey of Tunis) he
again halted, to obferve the Enemy's Motions. The Tunifines flocked
apace to the Alger ine Camp, all 1 exclaiming loudly againft their Tyrant.
Hamida finding how Matters ftood, and knowing not whom to confide
in, taking two of his Wives, two Sons* a great Quantity of Money>
Jewels and other valuable Moveables, with twenty five Followers, be-
tween Intimates and Domeftics,. in the Evening he ftole away for the
Goletta. But fome Moors having Notice of his Flight, they purfued and
overtook him j tho' the only Harm they did either to himfelf or Com-
pany, was to lighten them of the beft Part of their Luggage j and with
what remained,, this Fugitive foon got to that Spanijb Garrifon. Of all
this Ali Bajha no fooner got Intelligence, but he fpeeded to Tunis, intjo
which Capital he entered without the lead Oppofition. This was at the
very End of 1569. Finding thofe his new Subjects extremely well fatif-
fied with this Revolution, he treated them all with great Courtefyj and
among thofe who had been inftrumental to his Succefs, he diftributed his
Favours with the utmoft Liberality j contrary to the Maxim of his quon-
dam Friend and Patron f Dragut, and many others, who, tho' they love
the Treafon yet they hate the Traytor. The Arab Sheikhs all flocked in
to congratulate and offer him their Service. At firft he gave them a very
courteous Reception : But in a very few Days he gave them to under-
ftand, " That he expected Tribute from them, to help out towards the
' Maintenance of the Realm againft all its Enemies, foreign ordomeftic. "
8 This being ftrange Language to the Arabs of thofe Regions, 'in particu-
lar, who, in lieu of giving, are always not only paid but courted for their

f Look bick to P. 443. , * Fide Vol. I. P. 199 and 200.

Service,

494 The Historst of Algiers.

Service, they frankly and boldly returned, " That if he 'wanted Tribute
from them, he muft demand it in the Field, Lance in Hand 5 for there
" and no where elfe they ever defigned him a fingle A/per. " The Bajba
thought fit to diflemble.

A. D. 1 570. Having continued at Tunis, bufied in fettling Affairs till
February, this Year, he began to think of returning to Algiers. Accord-
ingly, he left there, as his Vice-Roy, a Sardinian Renegado of his, named
Al-Caid Rdmadam, Sardo, (afterwards Bajba of Algiers) and next in Au-
thority under him another Renegado Chieftain, named Al-Caid Mabamed,
-Napolitano, being a Native of Naples, to at as his Field-General, toge-
ther with a Garrifon of 3000 Turks and Renegadoes. This done, he fet
out, by Land, at the End of that Month, and arrived at Algiers about the
Middle of April

Several Days before he reached thither, he fent away a fwift Negro of
his, fo famous a Walker, that he would out-go and tire any Horfe in the
whole Country. This Courier carried Orders to all the Captains of Gal-
lies, &c. to get ready for an Expedition, with the utmoft Difpatch. He
was fo punctually obeyed, that in fix Weeks after his Arrival, he imbark-
cd on the Admiral Galley, and accompanied by twenty three others of the
belt in Algiers, Galeots included, all exceedingly well manned and pro-
vided, he took the Way to Conftantimple.

The Occafion of his taking this Voyage was, to follicit the Sulian for
a Fleer, to recover the Gotetta from the Spaniards-, as rightly fuppofing
he could never remain peaceable PoiTeiTor of Tunis while thofeCaftles were
in the Hands of Cbriftians. Off Cape Pajfaro, in Sicily, he got Intelli-
gence, from forae Captives there taken, of four Maltefe Gallies, one of
them the Capitana, or Admiral, lying in the Harbour of Licata, on the
South Coaft of the fame Ifland, juft ready to depart for Malta. Here-
upon AH Bajba ordered to put out to Sea, at a good Diftance, and tak-
ing in all the Sails to prevent Difcovery, lay-by, Oar in Hand, waiting
for the Gallies, in the very Midft of the Channel which feparates Sicily
and Malta. This had the defired Efre& : For the Turks could fee the four
Gallies coming, with Oars and Sails, a considerable while before their Fleet
could be diicovered by the Cbriftians: So that while they thought therafelves
mpft.fecure,they were in a Manner farrounded by the Enemy. When the
Chevaliers beheld the imminent Danger they were in, a Council was in-
fhntly called. Some were for fighting like what they profefled them-

felves :

The History of Algiers. 495

{elves: But the Majority concluded it the wifeft Way to endeavour to
efcape. Accordingly, three of the Gallics fled, while the fourth, named
S. Anna, maintained a defperate Fight, fo v more than two Hours, againft
eight of the Alger ines, and furrendered not rill every one of the Knights,
and almoft the whole Equipage, were either flain or difabled. Of the
other three one got clear away to Cape Paffaro 5 where lighting on a
TurkiJB Brigantine, fhe took it : And a Chrifilan Galeot accidentally paf-
fing by, they both gave Chace to two other enn'fing Brigantines, of both
which they foon became Mafters. As for the Capitana of Malta and its
other Confort, being hotly purfued, they ran a-ground near Licata, at
fome Diftance from each other. The Chevaliers having all got amore*
moft of them were of Opinion to land all the Slaves and others, with
what elfe was of moft Value, and then to fink rheir Gallies, to prevent
their being carried off by the Barbarians : Which they might have done
without much Difficulty. But to this the General would not agree j as
fancying he could, from the Land, defend his Gailies, fo as to prevent the
Enemy from approaching. But it fell out quite otherwife: For the Cor-
fairs plied their great and fmall Shot fo warmly, that they had diffident
Opportunity to tow away both the Gallies, with their Artillery, abun-
dance of rich Merchandize with which they were laden, and feveral hun-
dred of fettered Rowers, moft of them Turks and Moors, who were, we
may fuppofe,' very joyful at the Recovery of their Liberty.

Upon the taking thefe confiderable Prizes, Alt Bajha altered his Defign
of going up to the Levant, and bore away for Algiers, where he arrived
July 20. if 70. All his Gallies, &c. were moft pompoufly fet off with
Standards, Streamers, &c . every eight of them towing along one of the MaU
tefe Gallies. In Memory of this Exploit, he caufed to be hung up, under
the Arch of the Marine-Gate, a great Number of Shields and Bucklers,
adorned with S. John's White Crofs,the Device of the Knights of Malta,
together with the Statue, or Image of S. John, taken from the Poop of
the Admiral- Galley > w All which, fays Haedo, remain there, as Tro-
" phies, to this Dayj except S. John's Image, which, in 15-78, at the
*t Importunity of the Morabboths, or Santons of Algiers, was taken down
" and burned, before the Palace-Gate, with feveral other Images which
'! alfo hung there, by Hajffan-Bajha, a Venetian Renegado, when he was
" Vice-Roy of Algiers." Of this Renegado* Bajha much will be faid,
in due Place.

Fron?

4 p6 The History of Algiers.

From thence forwards, All Bajha was perpetually embroiled in .
great DiiTentions with the Soldiery, and even was frequently in Danger
f his Life, on Account of their not being duly paid, according to the

original Eftablifhment. Of which Omiflion a Governor of Algiers

ought to be extremely cautious.

A. D. Jf/i. The Beginning of this Year, Matters came to that Pals,
that he was forced to keep clofe in his Palace. Having, with all imagi-
nable Expedition, caufed all the bell Cruifers to be got ready, he was glad
to Ihip himfelf, in April, as if going to feek for Booty, and to put to
Sea, with twenty Gaflies and Galeots, tho' the Weather was very ftormy,
and the Wind full in his Teeth: And well it was he did foj for a Party
of Janifaries were clofe at his Heels. To efcape their Fury, he fo urged
the poor Slaves to row againft the Wind, that before he could reach Te-
tnendefujl, ten or a dozen Miles diftant Eaftward, two of them expired
at the Oar, on board his own Galley. The mutinous Janifaries, imaged
at his Efcape, imagining the Weather would detain him fome Time in
that Harbour, obliged twenty of their chief Officers to go thither by
Land, in order to bring him back j which if they could not effect by
fair Means and Perfualions, they were to excite a Mutiny among the Sol-
diery on beard the Fleet. But he flayed not there a Moment, and was
gone before the Arrival of thofe Deputies. His Ablence was again fup-
plied by the fame Al-Caid Memmi Corfo; who, notwithstanding thole
Commotions, and the Enemies his Patron had, kept all things quiet, and
in very good Order. As Alt Bajha was purfuing his Way Eaftward,
he was met by a Galeot from the Levant, which brought him Advice
from the Sultan (tho' fome affirm he had that Intelligence much earlier)
that a moft powerful Armada was preparing at Conftantimple, for fome
great Expedition againft CbriJIendom; injoining him to repair thither with
all the Force he could pofllbly raife. The Turks were then contending
for the Ifland of Cyprus with the Venetians, who were lately entered into
a League againft them with Pope Pius V. and Philip II. King of Spain;
which confederate Powers were, alfo, fitting out a mighty Fleet. This
occalioned Ali Bajba\ immediate repairing, with his twenty Gallies, to
Coron, in the Morea, where he was foon joined by the Ottoman Armada-,
whofe Chiefs were all exceedingly glad to be accompanied by fo expert a
Sea-Commander, who had under his Direction 'fo gallant a Succour of
flout Gallies, manned and equipped to the bell Advantage. Ali Bafba,
4 in

7he History <?/Algier. 497

in Conjunction with the Levant Fleet, during that whole Summer, hav-
ing done the Venetians all poflible Damage at Candid, and others or their
Iflands, at laft, Oclober 7. if 71, the two Armadas met, and the celebrat-
ed Battel of Lepanto was fought, fo fatal to the Turks, and fo honourable
to the Chriftian Generalifllmo, Don Juan de Auftria, Natural Son to the
late Emperor Charles V. and confequently Brother to Philip II. King of
Spain. In this terrible Battel Ali Bajba, who with his Algerine Squadron
commanded the Left Wing, alone came off with Honour. Like a cau-
tious, experienced Corfair, he flill evaded Peril, yet artfully maintained
his Poft:, while it poffibly was to be maintained * but in fuch Manner that
his own Veflels efcaped in a manner Scot-free. Watching his Opportu-
nity, when he perceived the Maltefe Gallies in great Diftrefs, he bore
down upon their Capitana, and poured in fuch a warm Volley of fmall
Shot, that few of thofe brave Cavaliers being left alive, nor any of
them in a Condition to make longer Refiftance, he inftantly clapped her
aboard, and had her actually in Tow, when the Victory abfolutely de-
clared for the Chriftians. Being then obliged to abandon that his
Prize, (which by fome, is faid, to have been the only one taken by the
Turks that Day) he left it not without bringing off S. John's Grand
Standard, and then made a brave and notable Retreat > whereby he ac-
quired little lefs Reputation than Don Juan had done by gaining that im-
portant Victory. . Thofe Seas, whereof the Chriftians were then Mafters,
being grown too hot to hold him, he withdrew to Conftantinopk, whi-
ther heavy Complaints, from Algiers, againft his unjuft Treatment of his
Militia, were already arrived. However, thro' the Inrereft of his old
and conftant Friend and Protector, Piali Bajha, who was frill in great
Credit, and his laying the Standard of the Order at the Sultan's Feet,
inftead of Reprimands, he was loaded with Careffes and Applaufe : And
the Ottoman Monarch confirmed him in the Bajhalic of Algiers, w^ich he
permitted him (till to govern by his Deputy, the aforefaid Memmi Corfo.

Finding himfelf fo favoured, and in fuch Credit, he fcrapled not to af-
fure the Sultan 5 " That if his Highnefs would intruft him With a Fleet,
" he would undertake not only to face the Chriftians at Sea, but alfo to
" cover the whole Ottoman State from the utmoft of their Attempts. "
So highly agreeable were thofe bold Offers (to the almoft-defponding Sul-
tan, that, greatly encouraged by the generous, friendly old Piali, who
allured frjm,.that Ali Bajha was a Man intirely to be depended on) he

Vop. II. S f f forthwith

4 ^g The History 0/ Algiers.

forthwith named him his Captain- Bajb a; and withal, authorized him to
provide the Fleet he himfelf pleafed : And, as a farther and moft lingular
Mark of his Favour, that Monarch told him, obligingly 5 " That he
" might ftill intitle himfelf Bafia of Algiers ; fince he was not, juft
" then, difpofed to appoint him any Succeflbr. " But the Sultan- was foon
wheedled out of that Vice-Royalty, as -will appear. Such Diligence was
ufed by this -active Calabrian, that in a very few Months, viz. in June
if 72.. he left Confiantinopk, at the Head of 230 Royal Gallies, befides
other Bottoms of divers Sorts and Sizes. With this Fleet he went in
1 Search of the Confederates, whom he found at the Morea j where he lay
facing their Armada, braving and defying them to Battel : But they parted
without . bloody Nofes. The Reafons afligned for their feparating fo pa-
cificly, by the Spanijb Writers of thofe Days, and by Haedo exprefly, are
thefc viz. " ThisBufinefs, fays he, took no Efrect, thro' the Disunion
of the Chiefs of the Confederate Armada. For had they atraefced the
** Turkijb Fleet (as I heard from certain forks who were then with
$ Ocbali) they would, certainly, have gained a complete Victory; the
" Infidels being all ready prepared for Flight, intending, had the Chrijiians
" moved, to have abandoned their Armada. But thefe are Judgments of
God, and things ordained by his Divine Providence and Infinite Wif-
a dom! And from that Time forwards (continues this Author) Ocbali,
w becaufe he was not vanquifhed, gained very near as much Honour as
** if he had come off Conqueror j and .remained in ,far greater Favour
{f and Credit with the Sultan, than ever."

A* D. 1 572,* Tho' we here might have taken Leave of Ali Bafia, as
an Algerine, that Bajbalic having, feveral Months earner, pafled into the
Hands of another, yet he was a Perfon too remarkable to be dropped
thus abruptly, funis was, this Year, recovered from the Turks, by Dm
Juan de Aufiria.

A Word or two concerning that brave Prince may not be improper *
tho' we {hall not here enter upon the Particulars of this his Afrisan Expe-
dition > it being fomewhat remote from our Subject, and a Conqueft the
Cbrifiians did not long enjoy.- Don Juan de Aufiria was born at Ra-
thbon in if 47. According to moft Writers, Charles the Emperor had
him by a young Gentlewoman, named Barba Blombergb, who afterwards
became a Nun, and ended her Days in a Convent : Tho* others fay his
Mother was a Princefs 3 and fome fcruple not to affirm, that the faid

Prkicefi

The History of Algiers; 4^9

Frincefs was the Emperor's near Relation. However this Point was, that
Monarch, who had long experienced the Fidelity of Don Luis ^uixada i
Grand Steward of his Houfhold, intruded him with that his Infant Son,
with Orders, that he fhould be brought up, in the Country, by his Spoufe
Madalena Ulloa 5 injoining him ftricHy to conceal from the young Don
Juan the Miftery of his Original. This Command was punctually obey-
ed. The Emperor, on his Death- Bed, difcloled the Secret to his Son and
SuccelTor, King Philip 11. , In 15-61. this Monarch, being at Valladolid^
pretending to go a Hunting, had ordered Don Luis to bring his Ward
into the ForelT. The young Prince, being condu&ed where the King
was, caft himfelf at his Feet. The Monarch bad him rife j and fmiling
faid to him ; " Do you know who was your Father ? You are the Son
" of an illuflrious Perfonage: The Emperor Don Carlos was your Parent,
".as he was mine. " This faid, he ordered Don Juan to follow him j
and he educated him, like, a Prince, at Court. In 1^70. he fent him into
the Kingdom of Granada, againft the revoked Morijcoes; which War he
terminated very fuccefsfully. The Year following he was named Genera-
lifiimo of the Confederate Armada, and, as we obferved, won the cele-
brated Battel of Lepanto, at which the Ottomans loft at leaft 25-000 Men,
and almoft their whole Fleet. He was afterwards Governor of the Ne~
therlands. To conclude, he died of the Peftilence, in his Camp near
Namur, in Ottober, if 78, To return.

A, D. if 74. Ali Bajha was extremely concerned at the Lofs of Tunis ;
a City and State which he hull looked on as appertaining to himfelf. He
ufed fuch Importunities with the Sultan, and fo pofitively allured him,
that he would not only recover the City, and what he had before po.
feiTed in that Realm, but would, alfo, undertake to drive the Spaniards
from all that Part of Africa, by taking from their chief FortreiTes, the
Catties of the Goktta, that the Ottoman Monarch authorized him to acT:
at Difcretionj naming for his Land-General, a ftout, experienced Officer,
a Native of Bofnia, whofe Name was HaJJ'an Bajha.

Early in June, this Year, the Turkijh Fleet call Anchor 'before the Go-
letta, in the Bay of Tunis. It conlifled of 2fO Gallies, ten Maons, and
thirty Caramujals, all well lined with Men, Artillery, Ammunition and
Provillons. He was foon joined by his SuccelTor, Arab Ahamed (of whom
we mail treat anon) Bajha of Algiers, with a {tout and well-appointed
Squadron j as alfo by the Vice-Roy of Tripoly, the Troops of Cairouan,
and all the Fugitive Tunifmes, together with an Infinity of Arabs

Sffi and

j o The History of Algiers,

and Africans from all the circumjacent Quarters > a People ever fickle and
fond of Novelties. The Turkifi Admiral planted four Batteries againft
thofe Caftles j two to each of them. Thofe formed againft the new Ca-
ftle, built by Don Gabriel Cervellon, were left to the Management of the
Vice-Roy of Tripoly, and the Governor of Cairouan j both under the
Direction of Hajfan Bajba. As for the other Caftle, properly called the
Goletta, the Admiral himfelf undertook it, with two terrible Batteries,
confiding of enormous Bafiliiks. In lefs than forty Days they carried
both the Caftles j and the victorious Captain-Bajba, with great Honour
and thoufands of Captive Spaniards^ returned triumphantly to Conftanti-
nople. The whole Year of ifjf . he ftirrcd not from the Porte. In June
ij7<5. he fet out with fixty Gallies: And notwithstanding he met with
fuch contrary Weather, that he was twice forced from the Calabrian
Coaft (againft which his native Land he feemed moil inveterate) back to
the Morea, yet as he was determined not to go without his Errand, he
again repaired thither * and landing a Body of Troops near the City
Efquiluci) he facked foroe Villages, and advanced as far as Cape De las
ColonaS) near where he was born, and then returned. I have read fome-
where, that he brought off fome of his Relations ; upon whom prevail-
ing to change their Drefs and Perfuafion, he treated with great Deference.
All 15*77. he enjoyed himfelf at home. But in 15*78. the Janifaries of
Cyprus having affaflinated their Governor, Arab Ahamed^ (of whom we
fhall prefently treat, as Bajba of Algiers} 00 Account of their Pay, Alt
Bajba was ordered thither, with fifty Gallies, to chaftife the principal
Offenders} which he effectually did, with the utmoft Severity. In 15*79.
during the furious War between the Turks and Pcrfians y in which the
firft were great Lofers, he was fent, with forty Gallies, into the Black-
Sea y to build a Caftle, to obftruct the Ravages of the Georgians^ who, in
Favour of their Patron, the Sopbiof Perfia^ greatly annoyed the Ottomans.
He built the Caftle, and left it well fupplied with Janifaries and all Ne-
ceffaries. But his Back was fcarce turned, when the Georgians deftroyed
both Fortrefs and Garrifon. At this he was much difturbed 5 but could
not apply a Remedy. To conclude, this Renegado - Admiral's Credit
and Reputation among the Turks were extraordinary 5 having a far
more extenfive Power, over all maritime Places and Affairs, than ever any
Captain-Bajba had, either before or fince : Nor was he, in the leaft, de-
pendent on any except the Sultan alone. He had a Cuftom, that en
thofe Days when he was melancholy, or out of Humour, he would

4 drek

The History of Algiers. so*

drefs himfelf all in Black ; a fure Token, that he was not to be fpoken
with about any Bufinefs whatever : Which was quite otherwife when he
wore Colours. In this he was fomewhat like the late Mulei Ifmael y
of butcherly Memory, Emperor of the Tingitana % who when he wore
Yellow was, infallibly, bent upon Mifchief : Tho* that Tyrant was fcarcc
ever otherwife. Ali Bajha had erected a ftately and moft fumptuous
Palace, for his own Refidence, on the Sea- Shore, about five Miles from
Conftantinople, towards Kara-Denguis, or the Black- Sea; and foon after-
wards he built a fine Mofque, whofe Walls are waflied by the Seaj with
a gallant Sepulcher for himfelf, where he is interred, under a curious
Dome. In 15*80. he died, aged feventy two, leaving no IfTue : But had
above 5*00 Renegadoes of his own, all whom he called his Children. He
was not then quite hoary. Of Stature he was tali and robuft , of Com-
plexion fomewhat fwarthy. As his Scald-Head was never cured, he was,
as we obferved, naturally bald and fcabby-pated. His Voice was fo hoarfe,
that he could not poflibly be heard at any confiderable Diftance. Algiers
he governed perfonally three Years and one Month, viz. from March
15-68 to April 15*71 5 and about a Year more by his Deputy, or Kayia,
the above-named Memmi Corfo. Our Queen Elizabeth wrote this Cap-
tain-BaJha a very obliging Letter, which is to be met with in Hakluyt :
Of the Occafion we fhall fpeak hereafter.

To conclude our Account of this remarkable Renegado 9 and to give one
Specimen of his Difpofition, as well as an Idea of fome other Matters,
we (hall have Recourfe to F. Haedo's Catalogue of Martyrs. The Rela-
tion, abridged, runs thus. J n a certain Excurfion made, from Oran 9 by
the Spanijb Cavalry, among other Captives, then taken, was a fprightly
little African Boy, who being very much liked by a dignified Clergy-man
of that City, was by him purchafed of the Captors, and brought tip a
Catholic, His Baptifmal Name was Geronymo. When he was about eight
Years of Age, Oran being afflicted with a grievous Peftilence, all the In-
habitants, who had Means and Convenicncy fo to do, quitted the infected
Town, and fet up Tents in the Neighbourhood. Certain Moori/b Slaves,
being not fo ftrictly guarded as ufual, took their Opportunity to efcapc,
and carried away the young Geronymo, whom they reflored to his Parents.
Without Difficulty he returned to their Perfuafion, and fo continued till
iffP- which was his twenty fifth Year: " When, fays this my Author,
touched by the Holy Spirit, which called him to what he afterwards

" became

.' V -

5 02 The History- ^Algiers

tfi became, viz. to be a Martyr, he voluntarily returned to Of at:, in order
to live in the Faith of Our Lord Jesus Christ. " His Patron, then
Vicar-General of Oran, was extremely well pleafed at the Return of his
Favourite Convert, and received him joyfully into his Family. And the
more to endear Geronyrho to his Service, thexequiiite Ceremonies of the
Church, on Account of his returning to its Bofom, were-no fooner per-
formed, but he got him inrolled among the Spamjh Cavalry, and foon af-
ter married him to a Moorijh Damfel, likewife a Convert j entertaining
them both at his Houfe as his own Children, Ten Years continued Ge-
ronymo>\n that happy Station y giving many notable Proofs of his Fide-
lity, Prudence, Conduc~b and Bravery. Antonio de Pajma, itht Adalid 9
or Conductor of the Oran Troops, upon all Expeditions, in May,
if 69. obtained Leave of the Governor, Don Martin de Cordoua (Marquis
De Cortes, of whom frequent Mention has been made) to go out in a
Bark, with a few Soldiers, tofurprife fome Arabs near the Cba it, of whom
he had Intelligence. This Officer took with him only nine Men, all of
his ownchuimgi one of which was this Geronymo^ his great Favourite
and belonging to his own Troop. Arriving at the Place, juft as the Day-
began to break, as they were getting afhore, xwo'MooriJb Brigantines
appeared. Upon this the Chrijiians recovered their Bark, and began to
row away for Life* but the Purfuers having by far the better Heels, the
only Hope left thofe. Adventurers was tp run a-ground upon the Coaft.
But this little availed ,tfyems for the Moors, were upon Land as foon as
they, and the Race was not very long before nine of the ten were in their
Clutches. Only Antonio de Palma out-ran them all* but foon ran him-
felf in the Jaws of fome ftroling Arabs,, who made Prize of him. He
was afterwards ranfomed. Geronymo, m his Flight, was wounded in the
Arm with an Arrow. Being conducted .to Algiers, he fell to the Ba/ba's
Share, and was fhut up, with the reft of his Slaves, in the Beylic- Bagnio.
His Extraction was not long a Secret. , Upon the Difcovery, the Guar*
dians put him on a great Chain, not fufrering him to go out with the
others to their daily Labour > which was then in building the Cattle with-
out Beh-al'Wcyd. The Santons and other Zealots, confulting about this
Affair,. deemed it no difficult Matter to reclaim this h Moguttas, or Apo-
fhte, from his Error y and went mod officioufly, and in Sholes, to work

I; So they term a Renegado from their Sett or Perfvufion.

about

7he History ^Algiers. 503

about a Deed of fuch Merit : But, the Event fhewed, that they might as
well have whittled. Neither Promifes nor Offers, neither Infinuations
nor Menaces in the lead availing, they remonftrated the Cafe to the
Bajba* In their, daily Vifits, in order to documentize this obttinate Recw
fanty they had fcarce turned their Backs upon him, but, quite out of Pa-
tience at their Importunities, he would fay to the Chriflian Slaves about
him > " What is it thefe Scoundrels imagine! Do they think to make a
Moor of me? No! They fhall never do it, tho' I lofe my Life."
This, with other Aggravations, thofe Zealots reported to the Bajha >
earneftiy intreating him. to take to Heart this momentous Affair, and to
inflict, fome exemplary Chaftifement on the Offender, to deter others from
Crimes of a, like heinous Nature. Thefe Difcourfes greatly imaged Alt
Bajha 5 and (whether out of real Zeal for the Mujfulman Caufe, or to
inhance his Credit among the People whofe Creed he had embraced, as is
the Cafe with, mod of his. Cloth) he determined to put this would-be
Martyr to fome uncommon .Death, in cafe he perfifted in his Appltacy.
Going to fee how his Cattle went on, after he had been there a confl-
derable while, giving Directions to his Workmen, as he was returning,
he called his chief Builder, Maeflro Michael^ a Chriflian Captive of his
own,, andia Native of Navarre^ to whom he fpake thefe Words :
" Michael: Thofe Planks there, which you have placed ready to be- filled
" Upwith Mortar, mutt remain as they are till to-morrow ; becaufe
<c therein I defign . to bury alive that Oranefe Dog, who refufes to be-

" come a Moor.''' -Great Part of the public and private Buildings, in

thofe Parts, as like wife in Spain y &c* are of what they call T'abbia, and
in Spanijhy Portuguefe, &V. Tapia^ which is Mud- Walls, made of m.oift-
ened Earth, between two great Planks laid and fattened to the proper
Place, and then rilled with Earth, &c. fufEciently watered, and beat down
with heavy Rammers, fomewhat like thofe ufed by Paviers. The Walls

of this Cattle are fo built. The Workman, with whom thofe Orders

were left, acquainted Geronymo how Affairs : flood -, exhorting him to pre-
pare for a Chriftian-Yike Death, fince his Crave was already made, jbv
his Hands,, tho' much againft his Inclination. Geronymo received thefe
Tydings heroically-, like a primitive Father, and retired with his Con-
feffor, to make Preparations for his long Journey : Of all which F. Haedo
makes a tedious Story. About nine in the Morning, September 18, ifo*p.
he affirms, " The Miniflers of Satan to have repaired to "the Bagnio^ in
bns i w: order

5<*4 The History ef Algiers.

" order to conduct the Servant of Cbrifi'' before his Pilate; who, armed
with thofe invincible Weapons, which he had been receiving from the
" Hands of his Spiritual Father, flood intrepidly to receive them. "
Thefe were four of the Bajba's Cbiaufes. They inquired for Geronymo ,
who inftantly coming out, they fahited him, after their polite Manner,
with, "You Dog ! Cuckold! Jew! Traytor ! Infidel! Why will you not
" become a True- Believer <"' To all which he returned not a '(Ingle Syl-
labi?. The Cbiaufes led him thro* the City to the faid Cattle, where the
Bafhdy accompanied by a Multitude of People, was waiting. Being
brought into' that Vice-Roy"s Prefence, he faid to Geronymo thefe Words :
* BreCupec! &c. " " Thou Dog ! Why wilt thou not be a Moor?' y
He replied: " Such will I never become, on any Account whatever. A
** Cbriftian I amj and, while I have Breath, a Chrifiian I defign to con-
" tinuc. " " Since you will not be a Muffulman, returned the Bajba,
" (pointing to the'ftace above- fpecified) I Will therein bury you alive. ''

Conltancy and refolute Peffeverance, which he termed Obftinacy, he
commanded the Chain on his Leg to be taken off, and that, bound Hand
and Foot, he ftiould be caft into the hollow Space left between the faid
Boards: Which Command was" immediately put in Execution by the four
Cbiaufes. " This was no fooner done, continues this Author, - in his
" ufual Tone of a Predicador, but a Renegado Spaniard, named Jafer,
" whofe quondam Name when a Cbtifiian was 'tamargo (captivated in
'" if f8. with Don Martin de Cordoua, when the 1 Spaniards of Oran were
,c fo miferably routed at Moftaganem) with one of thofe weighty Ram-
tC mers in his Hands, leaped down with all his Might upon the Blefled
" Martyr (who lay like a tender' Lamb,) bawling amain for the Labourers
u to fupply him with Bafkets of Earthy that ' he might follow the Dic-
" tates of his impious Zeal. " Others of his Cloth obferving how their
Camarade was employing himfelf, (furely to the Edification of the Spec-
tators) excited by the like Motives (which we may prefume were in order
to be thought good Mujulmans, and which, probably, I fay, made the
Bafia himfelf appear fo cordial in the Caufe) they leaped in after him,

? rrn ;

, u \ Look back to P. 400. &f'f..-

and

The History of Algiers. 50^

and they all began to ram with their whole Might, and a feeming Satis-
faction 5 which foon put an End to this Martyr's Suffering. I have
fometimes feen a like mock-Zeal in fome of thofe Vermincj I mean fuch
of the Renegadoes as are Pharifaically difpofed j for many are quite other-
wife inclined: Tho' what I have known has been upon Occafions far lefs
tragical j fuch as fpitting upon, and otherwife reviling Images, ftabbing
Pictures, or the like 5 as did a Scoundrel Greek I knew, to a Picture of the
Virgin Mary, taken from an Altar at Or an, when the Jlgerines took that
City from the Spaniards, in 1708. as will be farther obfevved. Not that
the Generality of the Turks have one Jot the better Opinion of them on
thofe Scores ; except the reft of their Deportment is anfwerable. As for
the faid Greek, tho* the ignorant Mobility fhouted, and were wonderfully
pleafed at his gallant Exploir, and the fcurrilous Language with which
he accompanied his cowardly Stabs, yet feveral of the better Sort, both
Turks and Moors, highly refented it, more particularly the opprobrious
Words he ufed 5 faying j <c He deferved to have his Tongue cut out. "
This en paffant. F. Haedo, after many Reflections, in his Way, adds,

That the Day is kept in the Church as a Feftivity : And that many of
the Chrifliam, emploied in that Building, entered into a Debate, whe-
ther they fhould deal away the Body and give it Chriflian Burial : But
thofe who were for attempting ir, were foon dhTuaded by fuch as faw
farther into the Mill- Stone j not only on Account of the Impracticability*
by Reafon of the many Eyes, but becaufe they were convinced, that fo
confpicuous and uncommon a Burial-Place was more worthy a Beatified
Soldier of Jesus Christ, than any other they could find. Again he
fays, that the Place, being in the Wall facing the North, is very plainly
to be diftinguiflied, by the finking in and contracting of the Matter, as
the Body wafted away. I remember a Portuguefe Bigot, one of Conful
Cole's Domeftics, would fain have perfuaded me, that he fhewed me
the very indented Piece of the Tapia: Perhaps it might} but I did not take
abundance of Notice u From this Place, concludes he, we truft in the
" Almighty's Mercy and Goodnefs, we fhall one Day be able to remove
" it, together with the Relicks of many other Saints and Martyrs of
M Christ, which Blejfed Martyrs* with their precious Blood, have con-
" fecrated that Infidel Soil 5 and that we (hall then ftation their Remains
" in fome Places more proper, more commodious, and more honourable,
" & c. " This Touch as a Specimen.

But, before we quite drop this Subject, and as we have been mention-
Vol. II. T t c ing

so6 The History of Algiers.

ing the Renegadoes, it may not be fo very improper, to introduce the
Ab [tract of a remarkable Tragedy, in which fome of thofe abandoned
Wretches were the fole Contrivers and Executioners. The Materials are bor-
rowed from Haedo. It happened in March if 64* under the Admini-
ftration of Hajfan Bafea, who, for Reafons mentioned in his Life,

fcarce durft openly difoblige them. Near the Balearic Iflands, two

Algerine Galeots took a cruifing. Brigantine, commanded by a certain no-
table Mayorquin Corfair, named Jayme Puxol, who, in that little VefTcl,
had done much Mifchief to the People of Algiers, and thofe Coafts.
Juft upon the fetting out of thefe two Galeots, it Was much talked of
at Algiers, that a certain Venetian Renegado had been lately roafted alive
by the Inquifition at Mayorca : Having been made Prifoner, together with
others of His Company, as they were giving thofe Iflanders a Call of their
Office. But, according to this Author, the Report happened to be falfe*
the faid Renegado having the good Fortune to get out of thofe mercilefs
Talons, and to make his Efcape to Algiers : Tho' that was not till fome
Time after 5 and the Story was then univerfally believed to be real Fact j
which induced all thofe of the fuppofed Sufferer's Cloth to breathe no
thing but Vengeance. As feveral of them chanced to be at the taking
the abovefaid Chrijlian Corfair, they immediately concerted among them-
felves to take their Revenge upon him, as a noted and pernicious Enemy, and
one, who tho* no Inquifitor, was yet a much-efleemed Dcnifort of the very
City, where their quondam Co-adventurer had, as they heard, died a
Martyr to the Caufe. Big with thefe pleafing Thoughts (which, when
put in Execution, they judged would be not only a Mortification, but
likewife a Terror to thofe zealous Catholics) being got home with their
Prize, they imparted the Scheme to many others of their Fraternity j
who readily coming into it, their next Step was to get the Bajba's Con-
fent. This, with fome Importunity, was obtained, and the deftined Vic-
tim conducted to the Bey lie- Bagnia ; where, with a heavy Chain on hi s
Leg, he was kept fome Months without being fuffered to approach even
the Gate. As fo much Time had palled without any farther Mention of
this Affair, which was at firffc fo hot, raoft People were of Opinion,
that the Renegadoes had cooled upon the Matter. But at the above-fpe-
cified Time, fome of the mod mifchievous again darted the Queftion,
and fo revived it, that they concluded no longer to defer the Sacrifice,
Accordingly a good Number of them repaired in a Body to the Palace,
greatly prefling the Bajha to concur with them in their former Requeft :
4 Which

The History of Algiers. 507

Which Vice-Roy, in order to content thofe well-difpofed, pious Suitors,
told them, <c They were at their Liberty to ab as they would : And that
" they might alfo pick out another of his Slaves j him, whom among
" them all they fliould find mod to their Liking. " This obliging Con-
defcention got the Bajha's Robes and Fifts moil devoutly killed by the
whole Tribe of Petitioners, who, extremely thankful and well-pleafed,
took their Leaves, and withdrew, to confult Whom elfe they (hould pitch
on to accompany Puxol in his Martyrdom. With very little Debate, the
Votes were carried againft a certain ancient Catalan Prieft, lately brought
thither, named F. Garao : Thinking thereby to render their Vengeance
the more noble and complete, by thus infulting the Catholics in the Per-
fon (of one of their mod venerable Paftors. Thus unanimoufly deter-
mined, they returned to Hajfan Bajha, who, as we obferved, Hood k \h
great Awe of the Soldiery, asking him, by their Spokelman, " What
* 6 Benefit his Excellency expected from that crooked, old Catalan Papafs,
" who was good for no one thing but the very Ufe they would put him
" to, provided he would vouchlafe to grant them his Permiflion. " His
Excellency having given the authorizing Nod, and received their grate-
ful and fefpe&ful Acknowledgments, thofe newly-commiffioned Inauifi-
tors halted away, to put in Execution their Authority upon the two In-
nocents, who little expected the bitter Cup that thofe Mifcreants were
preparing for them. At the Marine, the Anchors and Circles of Fewel
were inftantly difpofed, as k before fpecified. While this was ordering,
fome of the Tribe went to the Bagnio 5 where calling for F. Garao,
without faying a Word, thofe Deputies feized him by the Arms, and
hurried him before the Bajha 5 telling that Vice-Roy, " They had brought
" him the {linking, old Papafs they fpoke of, that his Excellency might
" fee he was actually good for nothing elfe. " They being re-aflured of
his Concurrence, leaving the aged Victim, .well-guarded, in the Court-
Yard, a Party ,of Renegadoes (this being, as hinted, an Exploit intirely
theirs) pofted again to the Bagnio, inquiring for Puxol, He coming out
immediately as imagining he was wanted to cut out or mend fome Sails
(a Bufinefs he understood, and was frequently emploied in) was laid hold
on, and without any farther Ceremony, or a Word faid to him, was
dragged away to the Palace, and thruft in to F. Garao, am id ft almoft all
the Renegadoes of Algiers, who had formed themfelves into a Ring, round

in I

* Look back to P. 487, 488.

T t t 2 which

jog The History of Algiers.

which flood others not AccefTary, but mere Spectators, crouding in fuch
Numbers, that the fpacious Court- Yard would fcarce contain the throng-
ing Jpojtates, and fuch others, as were by pure Curiofity led thither.
" The Servants of the Almighty, fays the devout F. Haedo, meek as
" Lambs among ravenous Wolves, flood furrounded by thofe Mifcre*
* ants-," who with Fury in their Eyes, over and over aflured them, that
they were, irremiflibly, to be burned alive : Asking them, again and
again i " Whether it was reafonable, or juft, for the Inauifitors of Ma-
u yore a to burn People, as they had ktely done to a Renegado ; and if
<c they imagined they had to deal with fuch as knew not how to take
" a fevere Vengeance ? " To this they failed not, inceflantly, to load
them with reproachful and opprobrious Language. All the Reply made
them, was* <c That they, for their Parts, were intirely innocent, nay,
<c utterly ignorant of the Matter. " Two Hours having been emploied
in all this, Word was brought, that " Every thing was ready. " Here-
upon Puxol's Chain was immediately knocked off; when he and his
Fellow-Sufferer were ordered to march where they fhould pay for all.
Thus, attended by prodigious Multitudes, they were urged on towards
the Marine, exprefling a lingular Devotion and mod Cbriflian Refigna-
tion j more particularly the pious Ecclefiaftic, who ceafed not from
chanting forth Pfalms and Divine Hymns, in Latin.- Which occafioned
the reviling Barbarians to ask him, fcornfullyj " ghte-dizes, Papafs?&V."
V What are you faying, Prieft . ? What Saints are you calling upon?
" Perceive you not, that they are deaf?" With abundance of fuch like.
To cut fhort this difmal Relation, they ferved them in the fame in-
human Manner, mentioned in Page 487. F. Garao, being weak thro*
Age, could not very long fupport the Torture, but finking down, was
covered over with the Remains of the Fewel, and fo burned to Afhes-
But poor PuxoJ, a Man of a ftronger Conftitution, fuffcred extremely j
the natural Fear of Pain and Death inducing him to run round the Stake,
dodging the raging Flames, from Side to Side, according to their Mo-
tions when agitated by the Wind. At length a Renegado, feemingly in
Commiferation, unperceived by any of the reft (many of whom were,
with an infernal Officioufnefe, throwing Water over him, rather to in-
creafe than afluage his Torments) took up a great Stone, and approach-
ing as near as poflible, (truck him fo effectually on the Head, that he
fell down without uttering a Syllable. The reft following the Examp l e ,
2 he

7 he History ^Algiers. 509

he was foon beat to Shatters with Showers of Stones ; infomuch, that
they were afterwards obliged to remove the Heap which quite covered
the mangled Carcafs, before it could be confumed by the re-kindled Fire.
Nor were the Chrifiian Captives, who, pioufly, would have recovered
the Remains of thofe Martyrs, fuffered to approach : But, by the impi-
ous Barbarians, they were fcattered about the Marine. However, fome
Bones were, afterwards, picked up, and privately buried without Beb-al-
Weyd-y but the Place where is not directly known. F. Garao was

about feventy 5 and Jayme Puxol fifty five.

Thofe worfe than Savages could not well have ufed even an Inquijitor,
or Familiar, with more Barbarity, than they did thofe unhappy Perfons.
But thefe Examples are not frequent 5 efpecially of late. Indeed, when
a Renegado is caught, attempting to get away, thofe of his own Cloth are,
generally, his Executioners: Nor are they very merciful ones. But we
may venture fafely to affirm, that few of them act with Motives of real
Zeal j but rather in order to fkreen themfelves from Imputations of alike
Difpofition with the unfortunate Offender 5 upon whom they vent their
Spleen and Fury, much rather on Account of his being a Bungler at his
Bufinefs, and difgracing the Cloth, by being difcovered, than for his In-
tentions : Scarce one in ten being of any Religion, or Principle, at all .
tho' fome of them have been, and are gallant Men enough, and tolerable
Moralifts. Several have the AfTurance, not even to pretend to Religion :
And it muft needs be acknowledged, that, provided their AfTurance has
any fufferable Bounds, they are ufed with abundance more Indulgence, in
thofe Matters, than are thofe of a fufpicious Extract, by the Confcience-
probing Catholics, down even to the fourteenth Generation. Of late
Years, very few Inftances of the Renegadoes Zeal, that Way, have of-
fered to View. A young Dutch-man, indeed, not long before I went to
Barbary, was half-buried, for endeavouring to efcape ; and thofe who
were mod officious in his Punilhment, were Spanijh, Italian and Portu-
guefe Renegadoes. But the poor Hollander was, originally, a rebellious
Heretic: A no fmall Inducement for Perfecution. He continued with all
his lower-Parts, to the Navel, faft rivetted in the Ground, three Day s
and two Nights, in the hotteft Seafon of the Year, and without any
Suftenance ; otherwife he was not at all molefted, except in reviling
Words. As he had not about him any Martyr's Flefh, he called fo in-
ceflantly, and with fuch feemingly- relenting Fervency, for the Prophet's

Affiftance,

5 io The History of Algiers

Afliftance, that, at length, he was begged off. But the Reprieve
came too late: For his Spirits were fo far cxhaufted, that he foon made

his Exit. >-A certain French Renegadd is, alfo, much talked of, who,

about the fame Time, got off in a French Man-of-War. Always, upon
the Appearance of any of the Gallic Monarch's Ships, even the fmalleft
Yatch, immediate Proclamation is made, that all the Slaves fhall be chain-
ed up > and then the moft-fufpected Renegadoes, likewife, are narrowly
eyed * fince, anfwerable to Stipulations, the French Captain is to fuffer
himfelf to be battered to Shivers, rather than furrender up any who feeks
Protection under the King of France's Pavilion. Whereas, it is quite
otherwife at the Arrival of our Britijh Ships of War 5 there being feveral
Inftances of Slaves being from thence returned to their Owners. Nay,
a French- Protefi ant Surgeon, belonging to the Dey, who had a Wife and
Family at London, a Perfon with whom I was very well acquainted, hav-
ing, unknown to the Captain, or fuperior Officers, been conveyed aboard
an EngUJb Man-of-War, by fome of the Equipage, was fo well conceal-
ed, that he efcaped the ftric"b Search of the Dey*s EmifTaries, and fo con-
tinued till the Ship anchored at Mayorca : When moved with a very un-
feafonable and intirely needlefs Spirit of Gratitude and Thankfulnefs, he
crauled out of his Lurking-Kole, and ran to call himfelf at the Captain's
Feet, to thank him for his Deliverance : Whereas, he ought to have
lain fnug, till thofe, who had thitherto been his faithful Concealers,
could have got him afliore, where he would certainly have been fafe.
But as he took fo wrong a Method, inftead of his expected Liberty he
found a Pair of Fetters. He fince has often faid, " That it was the leaft
" of his Thoughts, that the Captain had given the Turks his Word of
" Honour, to return with him, in cafe he was found aboard his Veffel. "
Yet that was actually the Cafe : And the Anchor being weighed that Mo-
ment, the Ship returned to Algiers. The Dey was fo pleafed with the
Captain's Punctuality, that he prefented him with a Horfe. The too-
grateful Mr. Pritchard (fo is that French Surgeon's Name, if he is (till living j
for he was afterwards ranfomed thro' the Means of a Right Reverend Prelate
of our Church) received for his Punifhment feventy Baftonadoes. As to the
reft, tho' the Dey thought himfelf fo much obliged for the Recovery of
his Slave, and applauded the Generofity of the Deed, fo directly contrary
to any thing to be inftanced in a French Infidel, yet many of the Turks
could not forbear faying j " That the Action would have been com-

" pletely

.* Ihe History ^Algiers. 511

<c pletely handfome, if inftead of rc-dclivcring the faid Fugitive Slave, a
<c Purfe had been made towards paying his Ranfom. " All this en paf-
fant ; as one thing generally drags in another. But the above-menti-
oned French Renegado was very far from being a fufpe&ed Perfon. He
had been a long-Stander, was arrived at the Rank of Oda-Bajbee, or
Chief of a Chamber of Janifaries, had a Family, and was in very good
Repute, and Circumftance. However, it feems, his Bowels yerned after
his Native Country : So that going to the Sea-Side, about a Mile with-
out Beb-Azoun Gate, with feveral forks, his Intimates, they all (tripped
to fwim. After feveral Turns, he ftruck away like a Fifh, crying out
in Turkijh to his Company j " J hojhje- eatings, Cordajh-Ier, &c. Fare-
<* ye-well, Brothers! lam going to the French Man-of-War. Remem-
" ber me to all our Friends. " He had fome Miles to fwim 5 but he
floutly plied his Fins, and happily reached his Sanctuary, while his gazing
Aflbciates were debating, whether they fhould judge him in Jeft or in
Earned. -To have done with the Article of turn-Coats, for the prcfent,
we will only animadvert, that it was a Dutch Renegado who fired off the
French Apoftolical Vicar, at one of the Bombardments of Algiers, by
Order of Lewis XIV*. as will be more circumftantially obferved. That
good Ecclefiaftic Was fo well beloved, that none would give Fire to the
Canon, to whofe Mouth he was fattened, till this Reprobate undertook
the Office. If Vox Poputi is Vox Dei, his Impiety was attended by a
Miracle : For nothing is commoner in the Mouths of the dlgerines, of
all Sorts and Perfuafions, than that he never after enjoyed himfelf -, being
perpetually terrified with frightful Dreams j nor had ever the Ufa of his
Arras, which immediately were turned quite round, and remained in that
State of Diflocation. But it is time we return to our Hiftory.

CHAP.

zi " The History of Algiers.

CHAR XIII.

Basha XVII. XVIII. Arab Ahamed': An Egyp-
tian. Ramadam Basha, S a r d o : A Renegado

Sardinian.

An* Dom. rf 71.

IT was in March, this Year, that Arab Ahamed, Succeflbr to the fa-
mous Ali Bajba, Fartas (lately advanced to the Captain- Bajbalic) ar-
rived at Algiers. This new Bajba was a Native of Alexandria. His
Parents being Arabs, was the Occafion of his being fo called by the Turks,
among whom he was brought up from his Infancy. In Procefs of Time
he became Guardian- Bajbee, or Chief- Keeper of the Grand Signor's
Slaves , a Poft of great Honour and Profit. Being a Perfon of no fmall
Capacity, Conduct and Prudence, he knew fo well how to play his
Cards, and make Friends, that he obtained this important and defirable
Vice-Royalty, which never wanted Candidates.

He came attended by fix Ottoman Gallies j the which he immediately
fent back s having been ftri&ly injoined fo to do by the Captain- Bajba,
who was then going, as we obferved, to offer Battel to the Confederate
Armada. He found Algiers under terrible Apprehenfions of a Vifit from
the then triumphant Don Juan de Auflria. In order to be in fome Rea-
dinefs to receive this Invader, provided that Rumour proved true, this
a&ive Bajba (to whom, likewife, the Algerines are not a little indebted)
moft vigoroufly applied himfelf to the Improvement and Increafe of the
Fortifications of a Place committed to his Care. The firft thing he did,
was levelling with the Ground a very large and beautiful Suburb, with-
out Beb-Azoun Gate* where the Foundations of thofe Buildings may ftill
be feen. Next he pulled quite down that Gate, with Part of the City
Wall on each Side 5 both which he rebuilt with great Improvements i
inlarging the Ditch, and ftrcngthening that the principal Avenue to the
City by an inner Gate and Wall, between which and the outer ones is a
tolerable Interval. Near this Gate, which is the Place where Algiers is

moft

The History; o/Algiers. 513

moft liable to be attacked by Land, he erected a ftrong Fort, or Baftion,
at that Point of the City Wall, which runs out into the Sea. Without
the fame Gate, he alfo built a fine Fountain, continually running with
excellent Water, conducted thither from divers Springs in that Neigh-
bourhood. It was this Bajha who built the Caftle of the Fanar, or
Lantern, now to be feen upon the Ifland before the Town, fo often men-
tioned in the Lives of* the Barba-rojfas. Without Beb~al-Weyd he made
another notable Fountain, whofe copious Stream fupplies great Part of
the City. It is a Collection of many fmall Rivulets, whofe Sources are
above on the adjacent Hills, and whofe wholefome Waters are much
efteemed : Tho, indeed, there is no bad Water at Algiers.

In thefe Works Arab Abamed emploied himfelf during the whole two
Years and two Months of his Adminiftration j being almoft continually
prefent among his Workmen, giving Directions. Nor was he ever feen
without either a Half-Pike in his Hand, which ferved him for a Staff, or
elfe a fwinging Cudgel, which he was extremely prone to make Ufe of
upon all Occafionsj as never forgetting his priftine Occupation of Dri-
ver. Of his cruel Difpofition, fome Inftances (hall be produced. Al-
moft the whole Time of his Government, Algiers was grievoufly af-
flicted with the Peftiience 5 which, by Computation, is faid to have
carried off one Third of its Inhabitants. He was particularly obliging to
the Soldiery, making it almoft his whole Study to give them Satisfacti-
on j as dreading the Fate of his PredecefTor AH Bajha, who narrowly ef-
caped being maffacred. Nor could he have taken a more politic Step j
fince, being himfelf a Moor, a People held in the utmoft Contempt by
that haughty, unmanageable Militia, it would have been very unfafe for
him to have offered at the contrary. But towards all others but the
Turks, he was exceflivcly rigid 5 and under Pretext of doing ftrib Juftice,
a great Number of Moors were put to Death > fome for very frivolous
Offences. He was removed in May 1^74. as will anon be farther ob-
ferved. But we {hall firft trace him to his End, and take Notice of fome
intervening PalTages, before we touch upon the Occafion of his Re-
moval from Algiers, which will appear when we treat of his Suc-
ceffor.

A. D. 15*74. Towards the End of May, this Year, Arab Ah anted
left Algiers, with three good Gallies of his own, and feyeral other Gal-

Vol. II. U u u lies

5i4 The History/ of Algiers.

lies and Galeots of certain Corfairs his Friends. Having paflcd fomc
Days at Bujtya, Intelligence came of the Arrival of the Ottoman Fleet at
fWr > whereupon he hafted thither, with his Squadron j and was much
welcomed by AH Bajba, whom he found preparing to attack the Goletta.
We already obferved, that Arab Ahamed had the Direction of one of
thofe Batteries : Nor failed he to fignalize himfelf in a very diftinguifh-
ing Manner, giving many Proofs not only of his Conduct as a General,
but alfo of his perional Courage as a private Perfon. When the Action
was over, he accompanied the Captain-Bajha to Conftantinoph^ where he
continued in great Honour and Repute. In if 77. he was appointed Bajb&
of the Ifland Cyprus^ which Government he held till the Year fol-
lowing: When beginning to forget the prudent Method he had obferved
at Algiers^ of keeping up a good Understanding with the Jamfaries, he
curtailed their Pay, and attempted to infringe upon their Privileges *
which Procedure fo innged them, that a Party broke violently into his
Palace at Famagufla^ and ftruck off his Head. His Death was feverely
revenged by the Captain-Bajba, who made terrible Examples of the moft
culpable. Arab Ahamed died in his fifty fourth Year. He was a Man of
a large Size, tho' not exorbitantly tall, but very ftrong and robuft, fome-
what corpulent, very fwarthy, and exceilively hairy. Of Difpofition he
was choleric, cruel and avaricious. He amaffed great Wealth at Algiers^
by inheriting, either partly or intirely, all thofe who died of the
Plague 5 which, as hinted, raged with theutmoft Violence, for near two
Years, which was almoft all the while he held that Government. He
had a Son named Mahamed Bey y who had two fine Gallies of his own,
and was in the Rank of a Fanar-Rais, or Captain of a Royal Galley,
and lived long after, very honourably and much refpe&ed, at Con-
ftantinopU.

To give fome Inftances of this Bajba's Difpofition, take the following
Extracts from F. Haedo's Catalogue of Martyrs, relating to what occurred
during his Refidence at Algiers. Among the Multitude of Captive Cbriftians
emploied by him in the public Works, there was a Native of Ragufa 9
who had been taken in a trading Veflel belonging to that Republic, and
of which Ship he had been Part-Owner and Commander. When the
Ditch by Beb-Azoun Gate was inlarging, and the Bajha there prefent (as
we obferved he generally was) this Captive, who might rcafonably look

4 upon

The History of Algiers. '5 1 5

upon his Cafe to be very hard, fince all the Ships of that fmall Common-
Weal fail with the Grand Signor's Pafs, accofted the Bajba in fuch-like
Terms: tC How is this, Sultan! Is it juft, or reafonable, that, while my
" Country-men pay their yearly Tribute to the Ottoman Emperor, and
" fail with his Pafs, your Excellency fhould thus detain me as your Slave ?
" Nay, and treat me after this unworthy Manner, compelling me to
" fuch hard Labour ! " " How ! (returned the choleric, haughty
" Tyrant.) And art not thou my Slave ? " " In Juftice I am not (re-
" plied the too-pert Ragufiari) being the Grand Signor's Subject. "
" Thou ftialt immediately fee, whether thou art my Slave, or no, " faid
the impatient Bajba : When turning to one of his Chiaufes, he bad him
run for the Guardian- Bajhee , who was a ftanch old Turk, formerly a
Corfair, named Hamza-Rais. That his Head- Jay ler being come, he
fpake to him, in T'urkijh, to take away that Infidel, and teach him to
know himfelf to be his Slave j fpecifying the Manner. Away he drag-
ged him to the Marine j where, with the Afliftance of three Turks, put-
ting him into a Boat, bound Hand and Foot, with a great Stone tied
about his Neck, they rowed out to Sea, and threw him over at feme
Diftance* This Martyr to his unadvifed Manner of talking

(for it muft be allowed that he took a no very right Method) was aged
about forty, tall of Stature, chefnut-coloured Hair, brown-complexion-
ed, robuft and well-proportioned.

Soon after this, two Captives, one a Spaniard, the other a Native of
thelfland Iviza, attempting to efcape, by Land, to Oran, and being got as
far on their Way thither as near Sherjbel, were intercepted and brought
back by fome ftroling Arabs $ who, as well as the Moors, are always rea/y
to do the Chrifiians thofe good Offices, as well out of their natural Ha-
tred to them, as for the Lucre of a certain Reward. The Bajba funoully
afking them, the Reafon of their Flight, was anfwered j " That their
" only Reafon was a natural Defire of Liberty, fo common to all in
" their Condition." Yet fo far was the Tyrant from being fatisfied with
fo reafonable a Reply, that, roaring like a Bull, he commanded them to
be laid down, while he himfelf a&ed the Executioner, moft inhumanly
drubbing them to Death with his own butcherly Hands. He beat the
Spaniard on the Belly, firft with his Half-Pike, till he broke it, and next
with a Cudgel, till he actually expired under his mercilefs Blows: And
then, not tired with that Exercife (which is none of the lead boiftrous 5

U u u 1 and

5I $ The History of Algiers.

and which could not have been fo on over, fincemany are known to have
furvived even 2000 Baftonadoes) and which would have breathed feveral
of his Satellites (who generally ftrike but if Blows before they are reliev-
ed) he laid on the other, in the fame Manner, fo long that all thought
him dead j tho' he lived, in great Torment, two Days longer. They
were both young Men, much about the fame Age, viz. twenty five.
Thefe violent Chaflifements, upon like Occafions, are not very frequent;
for fome get off with only a few Drubs. The Bajlonado is certainly a
mod exquifite Torture : Yet I cannot conceive that running the Gantlet,
&c. as fome are made to do, is abundantly better. But that is ac-
cording to the Hands they light into. As to the reft, the People of Bar-
bary^ and not altogether without fomeReafon, juftify their Doings, by asking
thofe who blame them for thefe Cruelties > tC How do the Chriftians ufe
" us when they get us into their Clutches"? And the Truth is, it is no
very great Novelty to meet with Turks and Moors, returned from Slavery,
who carry about them the very Marks of their quondam Patron's Clemen-
cy. Nay, I have known feveral without Ears j merely for endeavouring
to get away.

The Gallies of France, Spain, Venice, Genoa, Malta, Naples, Sicily,
&c. are well known to fwarm with Turks, Moors, &c. chained to the
Oar: And of the many Difcourfes I have had upon the Theme, not one
of thofe, who have tried what it is to be a Galley- Slave, will allow that
they are treated with any tolerable Humanity, except in Tufcany. It
would be endlefs to enter upon Inftances ; But one thing was told me,
for a Certainty, by fome Perfons of Credit, who knew the Party. On
board (if I forget not) a Spanijb Galley, a Moor, grown quite defperate at
the infernal Ufage he met with at the Oar, and without Hopes of Re-
lcafe, or Mitigation, chopped off his Left Hand above the W rift 5 as
imagining that the Work impofed on him, in that mutilated Condition,
would be fomewhat more adequate to his Strength. But before the
Wound was half cured, he was chained by the Stump, forced to tug at
the Oar as formerly, and ufed ten times worfe than ever : And fo he con-
tinued till the Dey of Algiers obliged the Spanijb Fathers of the Redemp-
tion to engage for his Relcafe, in Exchange for a Spaniard, before he
would fuffer them to enter upon their Bufinefs, which was to redeem
Captives. For fome Years there has not been one Galley or Galeot

in all Barbary j and confequently the Captive Chriftians are exempted from

that

The History of Algiers* 517

that leaft-tolerable and moft-to-bc-dreaded Employment of a Man depriv-
ed of Liberty. While the Algerines, and other Weftern Turks, ufed thofe
Sorts of Veflels, fuch of their Slaves as were fo unhappy as to be deemed
fit for Rowers, might certainly be termed fo: Yet not a Jot more wretch-
ed than thofc who were, and ftill are Rowers in the Chriftian Gallies.
But of thefe Affairs we may inlarge elfewhere, when the Slaves of Al-
giers are more particularly treated of. I have often heard fay, that
our American Planters, tho' they have no Gallies, are pafTable good A/ge-
rines : " But their Slaves are Negro Dogs, they fay, what are fuch no-
" fouled Animals good for ? " Smart and Cbriftian-Wkt ! Thofe who
have not fcen a Galley at Sea, efpecially in chacing, or being chaced,
cannot well conceive the Shock fuch a Spectacle muft give to a Heart
capable of the leaft Tincture of Commiferation. To behold Ranks and
Files of half-naked, half-ftarved, half-tanned, meager Wretches, chained
to a Plank, from whence they remove not for Months together (com-
monly half the Year) urged on, even beyond human Strength, with cruel
and repeated Blows, on their bare Flefh, to an inceflant Continuation of
the moft violent of all Exercifes -, and this for whole Days and Nights
fucceflively, which often happens in a furious Chace, when one Party,
like Vultures, is hurried on almoft as eagerly after their Prey, as is the
weaker Party hurried away, in Hopes of preferving Life or Liberty.
Thefe, we may prefurae, are, of the two, moft eager in the Affair : And
I have heard difmal Accounts, as well from Turks and Moors, who have ex-
perienced it among the Chrijlians, when purfued by a fuperior Force of
Barbary Cruifers, as] from Chrijlians, who have been chafed by a Maltefe
Galley, as they were Rowers in a Galeot of Dulcigno : And muft needs
fay, Ne'er a Barrel the better Herring. For many and many a League
upon a Stretch, the miferable Tuggers have been urged forwards, unin-
termittingly, while their Liclors ftill beat on, whether defervedly or not,
for mere Fafhion's Sake,, till fevcral of the Wretches burft their Gall, and
expired. Nor, upon fuch Occafions, is there any Scarcity of Comitres,
or Boatfwainsj every Soldier, then, deeming a Rope's- End as necefTary a
Weapon, as his Sword and Muftet, and they relieve each other like Cen-
tinels. It were to be wifhed that all this was Fable ! As the Danger in-
creafed, thofe groveling Varlets, Officers and all, are fuch mean-fpirited
Hypocrites as, by Intervals,* to embrace, kifs, beg, intreat and fawn upon
the very Men, whom their Inhumanity has rendered more like tormented

Daemons

5 it ^ History (?/Algiers.

Dsemons than human Creatures y their Teeth and Eyes knocked out,
Ears torn off, and Flefh moft caninely lacerated with the very Teeth o
thole Cambals, calling them Brethren, Cavaliers, Lords, Patrons, De-
fenders, Protectors, and what not* running officioufly with Bowls of
Water to refreih them, and Napkins, &c. to wipe away their Sweat and
Blood. But all this Pageantry vanifhes, and every thing is in ftatu quo*
if, by Dint of ftrenuous Rowing, the purfued Galley or Galeot has the
Fortune to ftrike a- head and get away. Thus much for the prefent, con-
cerning that Species of VefTels and their Inhabitants.

But, we were fpeaking of Arab Ahamed, a Man noted for the natural
Cruelty of his Difpofition. One Inftance more, and then to another
Subject : Nor does Haedo take Notice of any others.

The Year following, viz, tfj$. forty Cbriftiam concerted to run away
with a Brigantine. Of thefe the Ring-leader was a certain Italian, named
ftinquete. They chofe their Time in the Depth of Winter, the latter
End of December, when moft or all of the Cruifers lay unrigged Jin the
Port } fo that they were not in fo much Danger of being immediately
purfued. One of the Number was a Remoter, or Oar- Maker, who drew
in another Cbriftian, Slave to one of the Captains, and who had the Key
of his Patron's Magazine, and undertook to furniih them with the requi-
fite Article, Oars, and fome other Neceffaries. About Mid-Night, they
all got together, under the Wall within the City, between the chief
Mofqueandthe faid Magazine; fome of them loaded with Barrels of Wa-
ter, others with Sacks and Balkets of Bread or Bifcuit, Blankets for Sails,
and the like things, for which they had moft Occafion. Having fur-
niflied themfelves with twenty good Oars, and making filently towards
the Place where the Brigantine lay, they were fet upon by a Party of
forks and Moors r purpofely polled to intercept them in their De-
fign: For the Bajba, it feems, had Notice of the whole Aftair, feveral
Days before 5 tho' none knew by what Means. Finding themfelves dif-
covered, the Majority threw down their Burdens, and ran away over the
Rocks along the Wall, clofe by the Sea, and got off, as beft they could,
fome one Way, fome another. However, twelve of them, more deter-
mined than the reft, and among them Trinquete, with each his Oar, got
into the Brigantine, and beftirred themfelves fo vigoroufly, that they
hauled her clear of the Port, and foon, undamaged, rowed out of Reach
of the Vollies of Stones and Shot fent after them by the Enemy, now

become

Ihe History ^Algiers. 51$

become very numerous. Being got out two Miles from the Shore, they
fixed their Matt, with a Sail, and were favoured with fo good a Breeze^
that it was not long before they were at lead forty Miles on their Way
to Mayorca: When, unhappily, the Wind veered to the N. E. and
blew fo flrong a Gale, that all their Hopes and Joy were turned into
Defpair. The Weather growing more and more tempefluous, they were
forcibly driven back upon the Coafl, and their Brigantine dafhed to Pieces
about ten Leagues Eaft of Cape 1'emendefujl. They got afhore in a
Manner naked and half drowned by the Darning of the Waves. There
Numbers of Mjoys, who had beheld their Diflrefs, flood ready to re-
ceive and re-conduct them to the Place from whence they came. The
Welcome given them by the Bajba, was a Temped of Baflonadoes (tho*
not mortal ones) to ten of the twelve. But he refolved to vent his Fury
upon Trinquete, and his other Companion, who, it feems, were chiefly
inflrumental to the intended Flight of the reft, and both of them hi &
own Slaves ; whereas the others belonged to feveral Patrons. He had
no fooner done belabouring the Pofteriors of thofe ten Slaves (probably
fome of them with his own Hands j that being what he perfectly de-
lighted in) he fentenced the two others to be caft upon the Hook*
When fome By- (landers intreated him to be fomewhat more merciful, he
re-called that Sentence, and ordered them to be hung up, and {hot to
Death with Arrows. The fame well-difpofed People putting him in Mind
that the Sentence was ftill too rigorous for the Crime, he, feemingly
much againft his Will, commanded them to be hung by the Neck
over the fame Part of the Wall, from whence they had made their
Efcape : Abfolutely forbidding thofe Mediators to advance a Syllable in
Reply to that his irrevocable Determination. He was obeyed -, and
the Martyrs fuffered very devoutly. | . Arab Ahamed's Removal
from Algiers, happened in the following ,Manner : But we mufl firft fay
fomething of his SuccefTor*

Ramadam

526 The History of Algiers;

. *

Ram adam Sardo.

A. D. if 74. It was in May, this Year, as has been hinted, that the
new Bajha arrived at Algiers. This was the fame who was left Gover-
nor of Tunis, by AH Bajha Fartas, two Years before. He was a Na-
tive of the Ifland Sardinia, and, in his puerile Years, captivated as he
was pafturing a few Goats of his Father's. A Turkijh Merchant, fettled
at Algiers, purchafed him of the Captors : And finding him to be a do-
cile, ingenious Lad, and well-inclined, he took a particular Affection to
him y and breeding him up with much Care and Tendernefs, he foon prevailed
with him to become a MuJJulman. He then put his young Renegado to
'School, where he made fuch Progrefs, that he foon attained the Turkijh
and Arabic Tongues, and could read and write both to Perfection. Se-
veral Years he continued thus with his kind Patron; and when grown
up, he married him to a Renegada of Corftca. He firft followed Traffic*
and was afterwards Al-Caid, in divers Capacities, as well within as with-
out the City. " In thefe Emploies he grew very rich, fays Haedo ex-
" prefly, living in great Honour and Reputation , being efteemed by all
" People to be a Man of Worth 5 he being in Reality a Pcrfon of Ho-
nour and Juftice in all his Dealings, very prudent, upright, mild, hu-
*< mane and good-natured. " Thefe excellent Qualities gained him uni-
verfal Good- Will: And this Character induced Ali Bajha to adopt him, and
to take him to Tunis, where he afterwards left him, in Quality of his Kayia, or
Lieutenant : As rightly judging him to be a Perfon completely qualified
to keep in good Order thofe his new Acquifitions 5 as he actually did,
even beyond all Expectation. He governed very peaceably, and with
univerfal Applaufe, till the Year following, 15-73. when Don Juan de
Aujiria won the City of Tunis, obliging him, with all his Turks and
the Citizens to retire to Cairouan. The Armada being departed, the Ac-
tion of mod Moment that occurred, was the Defeat he gave to a great
Body of Arabsy and Africans, who were fupported by f 00 Chrifiian Sol-
diers, from the Goletta, and went to give him -Battel at Mahometta, a
Town between Tunis and Cairouan. Abundance of Moors, &c. fell in the
Difpute, and every one of the Spaniards were either flain or captivated. As for

i other

The History ^Algiers. $it

other more trifling Skirmiflies and Rencounters, we (hall omit taking
Notice of them 5 tho* fome were attended with much Blood-fhed.

This Year, 1 j-7 5 . the People of Algiers, as well Moors as Turks, fent
a Deputation to the Porte 5 intreating the Ottoman Sultan, " That in cafe
" he was pleafed to fend a new Bajha to remove Arab Ahamed, his High-
" nefs would vouchfafe to oblige thofe his loyal Subjects fo far, as not to
u give them any other for their Governor than Ramadam Sardo : He be-
< c ing by them univerfally beloved and efteemed. " And the better to
carry their Point, the Perfon they put at the Head of this Deputation, .was
Memmi Rats, Arnaud, late Admiral of Algiers, whom Arab Ahamed had
then difplaced, and bellowed that Poft upon another m Arnaud, named
Morat Rats, furnamed Grande, or Great, to diftinguiih him from
Morat Rats, Chico, or Little, Memmi Rais went in his own Galeot, ac-
companied by the chief Morabboth, or Santon, whofe Name was Sidi
Abou-tayeb, In the fame Galeot went Mulei Moluch, the difpoflefled
King of Fez, (who, dethroned by his Brother Muiei Abdallah, had been
feveral Years at Algiers) in order to implore the Sultan's Protection and
Affiftance againft his ufurping, Mulatto Nephew, Mulei Mahamed j againft
whom he afterwards made War, and with whom and Don Sebaftian, King
of Portugal, in 1^78. he loft his Life in that fatal Battel of Al-CaJJar, in
which fell thofe three Monarchs.

The Sultan was as tradable as could be defired : For the difplaced
Admiral had his Commiflion renewed, the Algerines obtained their beloved
Ramadam Sardo for their Bajha, and the wandering King of Fez got the
Imperial Firman, to the new Bajha, for all poffible Afliftance, from Al-
giers, to forward the Recovery of his Realms. Thofe fuccefsful Depu-
ties, at their Departure from Constantinople, left the Captain- BaJJj a making
ready for his Expedition againft the Goletta. Ramadam Sardo, as has been
faid, redded at Cairouan 5 and knew not a Syllable of what had been trans-
acting in his Behalf. Admiral Arnaud Memmi caft Anchor with his Ga-
leot in the Port of Sufa, and immediately difpatched away a MefTenger.
In a few Days the new Bajha was ready ; and left a Renegado. of his
own to fupply his Abfence, till the Arrival of the Captain- Bajha, with
the Ottoman Fleet. Off Cape Bona, the Algerine Galeot was difcovered
by Don Juan de Cardona, General of the Sicilian Gallics, who gave it

m So the Turks call the Natives of 'Albania, who are now moftly Mujfulmttvs.

Vol- II. X x x Chace

522 The History of Algiers.

Chace for about fix or feven Miles : But the crafty Covfairs ef*
caped that imminent Peril, by artfully making Smoaks and Blafts
with Powder, as if by way of Signal to their Conforts, tho' no Suc-
cour was near: For the Capitana-GaMey being not only an exquifite
Swimmer, but was exceedingly well-manned, with ftout Rowers, had
fhot very considerably a- head of all the reft, and gained much upon the
Galeot* but Don Juan, perceiving thofe repeated Signals, durft not, thus
alone, venture any farther, and gave over the Chace j tho', as was after-
wards underftood, had he continued his Purfuit but two Miles more, he
would certainly have carried the Algerine ; fince every one of the Chiefs,
and all others who could fwim, were actually dripped, and ready to take
Water, with only fome of their richeft Effects in their Camirs, or
Girdles.

The Joy of the Algerines, great and fmall, as they word it, at the Ar-
rival or this new Bajba, is fcarce to be credited. Wc.faid it was in May,
15*74. He inftantly fet about making great warlike Preparations, as well
to aflift the Captain-Bajba at the Goletta and Tunis, as to march with
Mulei Moluch into the Ttngitana 5 both which were agreeable to the In-
junctions contained in the Sultan's Letter to himfelf, and which accom-
panied his Commiflion. Towards the End of July, being informed of
the Turkijh Fleet's Arrival in the Bay of Tunis, he fent away thither his
Admiral, Amaud Memmi, with nine large and well-provided Gallies and
Galeots. His PredecefTor Arab Abamed, with another Squadron, for
the firae Service, was already departed. The Spaniards were expelled
that whole Realm $ and their Lofs was very confiderable.

A. D. if7f But it was not till the;End of this Year, that he fet our
with Mulei Moluch, on the Tingitanian Expedition. His Camp confined
of 6000 Janifaries, &c. with 1000 Zwouwa, or Mountaineers, 800
Spahis, and twelve Field-Pieces. In the Way he was joined by a gal-
lant Band of Cavalry, confifting of 6000, partly Arabs, partly Africans,

A. D. 1576. In Mid-January, this Year, he pitched within two Miles
of Fez, where he found the Mulatto King, Mulei Mahamed, waiting his
Approach, at the Head of 30000 Horfe, and as many Foot, among
which laft were 3000 Renegadoes, and a good Number of Morifcoes, all
Fire- Arms and ftout Soldiers. During Mulei Molucb's Exile at Algiers,
he had fo well negociated his Affairs, that, without ftriking a Stroke,
his Nephew was deferted by the greateft Part of his Army, and, with a

few

The History ^/Algiers. 523

few faithful Followers, was glad to efcape to Morocco. From thence for-
wards, Mulei Mahamed wandered about quite in Defpair, now in the
Mountains, then in the Defarts among the Arabs : Till his Patience being
cxhaufted, he repaired to Tanya, or Tangier, and from thenee to Portugal,
where, by his Importunities, he fo prevailed upon Don Sehajlian, that he
brought over that fpiritous (we might add temerarious) young Prince, with
an Army of Portuguefes, who^ with their King, were almoft all cut off,
and the reft captivated : Nor did either of the Rival- Sherifs furvive that

difaftrous Encounter} which happened Auguji y, 15*78. But thofe

Affairs are not fo immediately within our Latitude. The faid Mulei
Moluch bore a very good Character, and was a brave, gallant and gene-
rous Prince. Tho' Ramadam Bajha carried his Point with only the
bare Expence of fitting out that Camp, and the Trouble of marching it
thither, yet he and his Followers, even to the meaneft Groom, were
Royally gratified by the grateful Mulei Moluch, whofe Affairs ran fo glibly,
that he met not with one Oppofer. As a Prefent to the Bajha, or, as
they term it, the Grand Signor's Standard, he brought a Purfe of 30000a
Gold Metacals, or Ducats, with many other coftly Rarities, and 100
Chrifiian Captives, who had belonged to his Fugitive Nephew. In like
Manner, over and above the ufual Payments, he diftributed an incredible
Quantity of Money and Jewels among the Turks, Sec. infomuch that
his Princely Difpofition was univerfally admired and applauded. At his
Requeft, about 300 Turks and the 1000 Zwouwa, engaged in his Ser-
vice j nor did they want much Intreaty, fuch was the Encouragement

profered them by that magnificent and munificent Sherif. It was Mid-

March, iffo*. when Ramidam Bajha reached Algiers; where his Wel-
come was anhverable to his Merir, his Succefs, and the Efteem he was
in among the People, over whom he preflded.

A.D.i f 77 . June 19, this Year, to the utter Difguft and Reluctance of Al-
/V;,and its whole Territory, terminated the Administration of this worthy
Renegado ; for fo he is often termed by his very Enemies, I mean, the avowed
Enemies of his Profeflion. Yet we rauft not yet take our Leaves of him, till we
have delivered the Subftance of what is farther faid of him by Haedo,
who, as is often obferved, is feldom or never partial, or over- zealous,
when he writes as a Hiltorian : But when he turns Preacher, he is not
fo very well to be borne with. Yet I cannot but Jallow him to be
the moft candid and lead prejudiced Ecckfitftic, of a Spaniard, living o r

X x x 1 dead.

524 The History of Algiers.

dead, I ever remember to have difcourfed with, or perufed. -To the
Purpofe. At that Time arrived Hajjan Bajba \ Commiflioned by
the Sultan for this Vice-Royalty. Of the Character of that Apoftate ye*
netian we ihall foon have Occafion to treat ; and ihali only obferve here
that, in moil Refpects, he feems to have been the Antipode to that bet-
ter-difpofed Sardinian, and was as much hated as his PredeceiTor was be-
loved. Take the very Words of Haede upon that Subject, viz.

" Thus Ramadam Bajba ruled Algiers three Years and one Month, dur-
* v ing all which Time that State enjoyed more Peace and Tranquillity
" than it had ever done: Since he governed with fuch Juftice and Equity,
" that there was not even a ilngle Soul that ever once complained of his
" Adminiftration. Nor can it be faid by whom he was molt beloved,
u the Moors or the Turks. So that when they found he was to be re-
" moved, the News was received with a general and fcarce- conceivable
" Diflatisfa&ion. " He built a ftrong and very beautiful Baltion, near Beb-
al-Wejd Gate, at that Point of the Wall which from thence advances to
the Sea : Of which Fortification farther Mention rnayj be made in the
Topography.

The enfuing Augujl, this much-regreted Sardinian departed for the
Levant^ on the Galley S. Paul, taken April i . this Year, by the Algerines
from the Chevaliers of Malta. This his own Galley was accompanied by
the five Levant Gallies, which had conducted thirher his Succefibr. The
Sultan, being throughly informed of his great Worth, gave him a very
gracious Reception, and immediately appointed him Bajba of Tunis. He
made no Delay, but hailed to his Government, which he reached about
Mid-Oclober, the fame Year. At Tunis he was no lefs dear to his Subjects
than at Algiers, nor was his Reception there a Whit lefs remarkable. He
governed that Realm, very pacificly, two Years complete. In Oftober,
1/79. the Sultan Tent him a Succefibr : And without the leaft Intimation
given on his Side, that Monarch gave him a Commiffion, for Life, to be
abfolute and independent Governor of n Tremizan, not with the Title of
Al-Caid, as ufual, or in any wife fubject to Algiers, but with that of
Bajba, as the Grand Signor's Vice- Roy. This was a Singularity, and
gave great Umbrage to Hajfan Bajba. And as the Sultan had Intelli-

* An ancient Kingdom, much treated of in this Hiftory ; now the moll Wefierly Province
of the State of Algiers,

gence,

Ihe History ^Algiers. 525

gence, that the Sberif of the Tingitana (who was Brother and Succeflbr
to the lately deceafed Mulei Molucb) inftead of holding his Scepter in
Fief of the Ottoman Emperor, was treating an Alliance with King Phi-
lip II. of Spain ; and who, notwithstanding the immenfe Wealth he had
inherited, upon the Death of his Brother and the two Confederate Kings,
at the Battel of Al-Cajfar, and a noble congratulatory Prefent fent him,
upon that Occafion, from the Ottoman Court, had not vouchfafed to fend
even a Reply, in Return to that Monarch's Courtefy, the juftly-incenfed
Sultan expreily ordered the new-appointed Bajha of Tremizan (the only
one who ever bore that Title, tho' he never officiated in Perfon, as will
appear) to have a Uriel: Eye upon the Motions of that his contiguous
Neighbour, and that, in cafe he found his Intelligence to be true, he fhould
attack him with all poffible Vigour j injoining at the fame Time the Bafias
of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoly, to give him all the Succours of Men, Money,
Artillery and NecefTaries he fhould at any Time require.

With fuch Instructions, and thefe lingular and diftinguifhing Marks of
the Sultan's Favour, Ramadam Bajba fet out from Tunis to Binzert, or
Biferta, in order to imbark on his Galley S. Paul, and thereon proceed to
Algiers and Tremizan. This was in November : When being, with his
Domeftics and Retinue, lodged in Tents near that Maritime Town, wait-
ing till his Galley and other Veflels could be got ready, a Galeot arrived
in that Road, fent from Algiers, by the whole Community of the Mi*
litia, bound to Conflantinople, with grievous Complaints to the Grand
Signor againfl: Hajfan Bajha* Befides the Turkijh Deputies, who were
three ancient and refpe6fcable Officers, there went feveral Arab and Afri~
can Sheikhs, encouraged and inftigated by the Turks, to apply themfelves
to the Sultan for Redrefs againft the great Injuftice done them by that
rapacious Tyrant. At the Head of all thefe, and peculiarly in the Name
of all the Moorijh Citizens of Algiers, but more generally in the Behalf
of the whole State, went the afore- meutioned much-reverenced Morab-
both, with ample Authority from all Members of that great Body, tor
fupplicate his Ottoman Highnefs to reftore them Ramadam Bajha, for
their Governor. When that politic and quietly-difpofed Renegado had
learned the Purport of this Embafly, he ufed all poffible Means to pre-
vent the Deputies from proceeding on their Voyage, and wrote to the
Janifaries of Algiers, intreating them, for his Sake, to forget and forgive
all Animofities, and to reconcile themfelves to their Bajha. This Step he

2, (eems

5i6 The History of Algiers^

fecms to have taken upon two Accounts. He prudently reflected, that if,
thro' his Means, and with fuch apparent Difintereftednefs, Matters mould
bs brought to a Pacification, he fliould, infallibly, much ingratiate him-
felf with the Captain-Bajba, a powerful Perfon, and confequently too
formidable to be difobliged, and whofe Favourite Renegado this ill-beloved
Venetian was, and by whom, and upon every Occafion, he was mod
(Irenuoufly protected. And again, it would then be very obvious, even
if he could not prevail with the Janifaries (who were the main Support
of thofe Factions) that the faid Admiral could not have any Pretext to be-
come his Enemy. A notable Inftance of the great Regard mod People

had to that Captain- Bajba. The Refult of thefe Negociations was

that the Janifaries, &c. of Algiers were fo far from quitting their Pre-
tenfions, that, upon Information of their Deputies on board the Galeot,
being inclined to come into Ramadam Sardo's politic Meafures, they im-
mediately deputed other Buluc-Bajbees, and fent them away, by Land,
PonSHafte, to Biferta, with Orders to feize all fuch as were difpofed to
accommodate Matters with Hajfan Bajba, and to fend them, in Fetters >
to Algiers: Which done, they were to proceed on the fame Errand, with-
out prefuming, on Pain of Death, to wait any farther Orders. Thus
flood the Affairs of Algiers > where the two Factions were every Day
jufl ready to fall to cutting each others Throats : Tho' they never came
to thofe Extremes.

The Galeot being departed, Ramadam Sardo (who, tho' he fo artfully
feemed to walh his Hands of all this, was almofl certain of being named
Bajba of Algiers, a Pod too good to be contemned) loitered at Biferta,
in Expectation of the Event, till Mid- March, if 80. when he fet out for
Algiers, where he arrived April 4. There had long been a very great Drought,
1 nfomuch, that the whole Country was under terrible Apprehenfions of a ge-
neral Famine: And on the very Evening of his Arrival, even before he quit-
ted the Galley, the Clouds began to pour down a mod plentiful Shower.
As the Muffulmans are as fuperftitious as any other People whatever, this
Sardinian was univerfally proclaimed a Morabboth, or Sain*, it being in
every Mouth, that Heaven had fent them thofe feafonable Rains purely at*
his Intercellion, and thro' his Merits. By all this, we may eafily guefs at
his Reception. Tho' he had feveral (lately Houfes of his own at Algiers,

* Turkijb Officers, nex: in Degree above Qda-Bajbees.

The History of Algiers. 517

he remained in the City only three Days* but went to his Farm, a few
Miles out of Town, where he pitched many Tents for himfelf, and the
numerous Retinue he brought with him, of which a confiderable Part
were his own Renegadoes. He gave out, that he only waited till he got
his Affairs ready to proceed for Tremizan : All which he politicly
did, to avoid giving Umbrage to Hajfan Bajlw, who could not but be
very uneafy, and with whofe malignant Difpofition he was but too
well acquainted. The chief Reafons he gave for his Delay were, to
wait for the Galley of his Son-in-Law, the Al-Caid of Coftantina, and
for his Kayia, or Lieutenant, who was gone to Confiantinopk, in the Al-
gerine Galeot 5 pretending, that he could not well depart till their Arri-
val : Tho' the main Caufe of his deferring his Weftern Journey, to take
Pofleflion of Tremizan^ was the Expectation he was in of being appointed
Vice-Roy of Algiers* But all his Hppes vanifhed, when, at the End of
Auguji, arrived the Eunuch Jafer Aga, with the Sultan's Commiflion to
fucceed Hajfan Bajha in this ice-Royalty : Of which Affairs more in
due Place. Thus difappointed, our Sardinian determined to go to the
Levant, on his Galley S. Paul, in Company with Hajfan Bajha. Sep*
tember 19, if 80. they departed: But we fhall afterwards return to fame
of thofe Particulars} our prefent Theme being only what more immedi-
ately regards Ramadam Sardo.

When he left Algiers he was in his fifty fifth Year. He was middle -
fized, brown-complexioned, round vifaged, and had a fmall Cart with his
Eyes. To all the reft of his before- fpeci Med good and amiable Qualities,
he had that of being exceflively liberal. Nor did he ever ufe any indirect
Means to enable him to fhew his natural Liberality. He emploied much
of his vacant Time in Reading: To be underftood that Sort of Reading
with which he was acquainted, viz. Books relating to the Oriental Af-
fairs, in the Turkijb and Arabic Tongues. He had never any other Wife
but his Corjican Renegada, by whom he had a Son and two Daughters,
of which young Ladies one was married to Al-Caid Memmi, a wealthy
Renegado Spaniard, and the other to Al-Caid Hidir, or Khedhir (a Kill'
Qglou, Son of a Renegado Neapolitan) who, as obferved, was Governor of
Cojlantina.

Some who perufe the Sheets of this Work, as they come from the
Prefs, find the tragical Accounts there given not altogether unentertaining.
As others may, alfo, be of a like Tafte, we will, from the fame Au-

z thor 9

52 g The History of Algiers;

thoi borrow a few Extracts more of certain Martyrs, who fuffered un-
der this mild Bajba: In which Relations F. Haedo fometimes Teems to for-
get the worthy Character he had bellowed on him, upon all other Oc-
cafions. Thofc Tragedies occurred while he refided at Algiers as Vice-
Roy.

p Hajfanico, a Renegado Greek, and Rais, or Captain of a Galeot, wat
one of the crueleft and worft-conditioned of all the Corfairs at this Time
belonging to Algiers. Many poor Slaves bore his Marks with them to
the Grave j nor were they few who owed their Want of Teeth, Eyes,
and Nofes to his favage Barbarity. No Wonder then if he was, by them,

univer (ally dete (led. Early in July, 15*74. this hated Mifcreant, on

his own Galeot, which was a confiderable Veflel, accompanied by five
others of a fmaller Size, went out on the Cruife. Bending their Courfe
Wcftward, in a few Days they were got juft by Cadiz: Which, by the
Bye, is the firft Time I ever find any of the Algerine Cruifers paffing the
Streigbts Mouth 5 tho' I do not, from thence, pretend to infer, that they
never had done it before. Thofe Corfairs had, it feems, Information,
that near a Place called S. Sebaftian, within two Miles of the City Cadiz,
a great Number of FiAiers for Tunny were at work in the 1 Almadravas,
belonging to the Duke De Medina- Sidonia : And, accordingly, they had
concerted to land, at Day-break, with about 300 Men, and furprife thofe
Cbriftians. Led on by Hajfanico, they put in Execution their Defign 5
which was done fo efFe&ually, thro' the good Management of the Turks,
and the fupine Negligence of thofe Spaniards, who lay difperfed, fleep-
ing here and there upon that Strand, that more than 200 of them were
taken, and dragged away towards the Galeots, before any appeared to
give the Corfairs the leaft Interruption. But before they could get a-
board, fome who efcaped, had given the Alarm at Cadiz, and a great
Body of armed Men hailed to their Refcue. Some affirm the Intelli-
gence to have come from a Renegado, who flipped away at their firft
Landing. The Turks were ufing their utmofl Diligence to imbark with their
Prize, as a good part of them had actually done, when the Enemy ap-
pearedt and began the Onfet. The Conflict was fharp, and attended
with fome Blood-fhed : And as the Cbrifiians prefTed clofe, the Corfairs

* This Name is no other than the Diminutive of Hajjfen, which with that Spanijb Termina-
tion, is the fame as Little Ha/Jan.

% Pits dug on thofe Coafb, into which they drive the Fife.

were

The HiSTORir of Algiers. 52*

were foon forced to quit many of their new Captives, who joyfully join-
ed their Protectors. As the Corfairs found their Enemies ftill increafing,
they fought nothing farther but how to regain their Galeots, and get
them to Sea. But, to their utter Confirmation, they foon perceived the
Tyde to be gone down fo confiderably, that their Veflels were all ground-
ed. With main Strength of Back and Shoulders, the five fmalleft were
got afloat j but the fixth and much the largeft, being that of Hajfanico,
drawing fo much Water, and being full of People (raoft of the forks and
new Slaves having got aboard her) (luck fo faft, that they could not pof-
fibly remove her ; efpecially fince Part of the Equipage were obliged to
face the preffing Enemy, who even ran into the Water, and feized her
with their Hands on one Side, while her Owners were driving to pufli
her off on the other. Finding all loft, fome leaped into the Sea and
fwam to the other Galeots, .amidd a Temped of Mufket Shot, while
others, whofe Hearts either failed them, or they could not fwim, fkulkcd
down under the Banks, to avoid the continual Vollies of Small- Shot fent
among them : And, the Galeot being prefently entered, they were all
made Prifoners* and among them Hajfanico. A fmall Field-Piece being
now arrived from Cadiz, the five Galeots departed in Defpair, and carried
to Algiers the News of their Conforms Difader. Great was the Joy at
Cadiz for the Capture of this Galeot j if on no other Account, becaufe
upwards of 140 Chriftians, who were therein chained to the Oar, be-
fides fuch as had been then captivated, recovered their Liberty : But the
Efcape of the other five was not a little regretted. The Procefiion made
for thofe Chriftians was very fplendid. Soon was Information given to
the Corrigidor, and other Magidrates, how their new Piifoner Haf-
fanico ufed to treat the Chriftians, when in his Power j nor did fuch
as had any Tokens of his Inhumanity to fhew, fail expofing them. His
Crimes were too notorious to admit of any Excufe : So that, his Procefs
being made, he was condemned to lofe his Head. This Author affirms, his
having been credibly informed, that this wicked Renegado renounced his
Errors, and was reconciled to the Catholic Church : Which is more than
barely probable $ fince otherwife the Inquifition would have been for
r oafiing him alive. However it was, he remained fome Days in Prifon - 3
and then being decapitated, his Head was fixed over one of the City

Gates. There was a fober, honed Greek, named Nicolo, married at

Cadiz, who, during Hatfanico's Imprifonment, frequently vifited that his

Y y y Countryman,

5$o 735* History of Algiers.

Countryman^ and rendered him- feveral good Offices. This Man kept a
Shop there, and was a Dealer in Linen-Cloth, and other] Merchandize,
by which Occupation he fupported himfelf and Family. Not long after,
as he was returning from Lisbon, where he had been to recruit his Shop
with Wares, he was taken by fome Galeots, and carried to Algiers. Thus
become a Slave, and confcious how deftitute his Family was lefc, -he
agreed with a certain Sberif of Algiers, for 200 Gold Ducats, provided
fcs purchafed and conveyed him to Tetoun, or Tetuan, and there waited
till the Money could be remitted over. Mean while he worked, for his
Subfiftence, in the Shop of a Chrijiian Taylor, or rather Botcher. As
he fate there, one Day, employing himfelf as ufual, he was efpied by a
Renegado, who having been taken with HaJ/amco,ysrzs confined in the fame
Prifon, and had lately made his Efcape. That Caitif, who remembered
him Cmce the friendly Vifits he ufed to make Haffanico, was greatly fur-
prifed to find him there, and inftantly began to meditate the Villany he
afterwards brought about. Without Delay, he fought out fome of Haf-
fanico's Intimates, telling them, " That, if they were difpofed to revenge
* their quondam Friend's Death, he would fhew them the chief Author
" of it, that very Moment. " To this they all replied, " That it would
" be a noble Exploit -, and that if he could but {hew them any who durft
" have the Infolence to commit fuch a Crime, they would foon make it
" appear, that they knew how to take Vengeance. " No fooner faid
than done : And the Traytor led them by the Place where the innocent
Greek fate at Work. The Affair was prefently communicated to a great
Number of Renegadoes, who being all of the fame Opinion, into which
the perfidious Villain had led them, they went in a Body to the Bajha 9
earneftly prefilrig him for his Confent to burn HaJfanico\ pretended Mur-
derer. " This Vice-Roy, fays Haedo, beholding fo numerous a Band of
18 Renegadoes, fo importunately and refolutely demanding his Concurrence
" in this Matter, as he was not oyer-fcrupuious (nor, generally fpeaking,
" are any of them) in confenting to fuch wicked Barbarities to deftroy
" Cbriftians, he told them, they might do as they would." How dif-
ferent are thefe Words from the Character this Author has all along been

giving this Renegado Bajhaf Upon this, they all halted to the faid

Sherif, and inftantly paid him down the agreed-on Sum : Who, proba-
bly, was well enough pleafed to have his Money without waiting, or be-
ing at the Charge and Trouble of going fo far as Teluan. To fecure their

Viftim,

Ihe History of Algiers. 531

Victim, till things were got ready for the Sacrifice, they conducted him
to the Bagnio of Admiral Arnaud Memmi, u the crueleft Enemy (fays this
" Author) the Chrijiians now have, which induced thofe Brutes to
" chufe him for their Director and Chief in this their beftial Cruelty. " Here,
adds Haedo, began the Martyrdom of the Bleficd Nicolo: For they (hut
him up in a Dungeon, with a great Chain on his Leg, not permitting
either Chriflian or Moor, even to approach him, much lefs to give him
any Sulienance. This was December 23, IJ74- when fome of them re-
collecting, that Chrijlmas was at Hand, they thought the Infult to the
Chrijiians would be the greater, if they committed their inhuman ViK
lany at that folemn Feftivalj and, accordingly, nothing was to be heard*
the whole Town over, but 5 " A Dog of a Chriflian is to be burned
" alive, upon his own Pafqua/" And fuch was the Hubbub, and fo
infolent the Moors, &c. efpecially the Boys, that a Slave or other Chri-
fiian could not pafs the Streets, about their Affairs, without being abufed
by the Skum of the Populace ; who, upon thefe Occafions, are much
about as civil and inoffenfive as our London-Mob, at Elections, or fuch-
like popular Gatherings - together of our polite, well-bred Plebeians.
A Set of Gentry, who, to all Appearance, would not be very much

fhocked at Scenes of this Nature. 1 beg 'Pardon, for delivering my

Sentiments thus bluntly : But Fact is Fact - There was, at this Time,
in Algiers a Reverend Jefuit, named F. Torres, who came over to redeem
Captives,, with Part of the Legacy left by Don Luis r Quixada, whom we
mentioned as Fofter- Father to Don Juan de Auflria. This good Father,
greatly grieved at what was preparing againil this poor Innocent, and moil
defirous of preventing fuch a Scene of Inhumanity, repaired to the Ba/ba,
to whom he warmly remonftrated the Injuftice of thefe Proceedings.
His going to the Palace could not be ^0 private, but that it reached the
Ears of fome of the Renegadoes: Who apprehenfive left he fhould pre-
vail on the Bafia's eafy Temper, and caufc him to recall his Licenfe, they
flew thither in a great Body } where finding F.Torres talking to the
Bajba, their barbarous Infolence is undefcribable. No Arguments, tho'
ever fo reafonable, would prevail j but , with a moft audacious Cla-
mour, they infHled upon the Bajlja's Promife. Nay, fo" far they car-
ried their Arrogance, that they began to cry out amain to the Bafia for

r Look back to P. 499.

Y y y : Leave

5 3 a The History ^/Algiers.

Leave to burn F. Torres, together with Nicolo j as being equally guilt}',
and no left deferving fuch Punifhment : " Since, faid they, it is thefe
" rafcally Papajjes who are always fetting on the People to do Mifchief. "
And they grew fo outrageous, and appeared fo very much in Earneft,
that the Admiral, whom they had chofen for their Captain in this Bufi-
nefs, apprehenfive left the Bo/ha might at length be frightened into a
Confent, laid hold on F. Torres, and threw over him his Feraja, or Up-
per- Garment j thereby fignifying, that, at all Events, he took him under
his Protection. Telling thofe Fiends,' " That what they demanded was
" not at all convenient : Since, that Papafs, being there in order to ran-
" fom Captives, immediately reprefented the King of Spain's Perfon : So
* c that they ought to be very well fatisHed with the Leave granted them
" by the Bafia, to burn, or otherwife ufe as they thought fir, that Greek
" Variety whom they knew to be really guilty. " With thefe Words
of the Admiral, and others, to a like Tendency, delivered by Ramadam
Bajba, the Renegadoes departed muttering j their Eyes glowing with Fury
and Diflatisfa&ion. As for F. Torres, fufficiently terrified at what had
happened, he was glad to quit all his pious and charitable Pretentions,
and ilink away, under a no fmall Apprehenfion of being torn Piece-meal,
before he could reach the Place of his Abode.

Here it is not unnecefTary to take fame Notice of the Difference be-
tween thofe Times and thefe, as to fuch Affairs j as, likewife, of the
great Advantage a natural, original Mujfulman has over a Renegado in
Power among thofe People. Formerly, the Renegadoes of Barbary were
a very confiderable Body in the State, the main Bulk of their Corfairs
confiding of them, and were actually dreaded, even by the Turks them-
fclves } left they fhould fide with the difcontented Natives, and intro-
duce the Chriftians. The Turks, then, could not well go to Sea with-
out them j whereas the Cafe is now intirely otherwife. In former Days,
nay not very many Years fince, I have been credibly informed, that no-
thing was more common to be feen in the Shops, and even in the Streets
of Algiers, than Parties of Renegadoes, fitting publicly on Mats, coftly
Carpets and Cufhions, playing Cards and Dice, thrumming Guitars, and
finging a la Chriftianefca, enebriating like Swine, till the very laft Day
of the Moon s Sbadban, and, in their drunken Airs, ridiculing, and even

8 During the two Months, or nther Moons of Rejei and Sbaaban, which immediately pre-
cede their Ramadam, or Grand Fall of thirty Days, it is counted a capital Crime even to tafte
any intoxicating Liquors.

reviling

7 he History ^/Algiers. 533

reviling the Mahometans and their Religion. At all which, the Turks
would, commonly, only fhake their Heads, and fmile : Nay, the Bajhas
themfelves, even fuch of them as were Turks, would only fay ; " E-inde /
" Bou Culeh-ler m Giaur, ni Mufiulman, ni Chifout ! On-ler-da Din-
<c Imaun iokter." That is : " Well! Thefe Renegadoes are neither Cbrir
" ftians, Mujfulmans, nor Jews ! They have no Faith, nor Religion at
" all ! " Whereas of later Years, the Cafe has been and ft ill is very different ;
infomuch that I fhould not care to be in the Coat of any who ran fuch
Lengths. Few Renegadoes are now in very great Efteemi nor is any Word
more common in a Turk's Mouth, when he fpeaks of a Renegado, than
that of " Bobba-fi-dan Giaur." /'. e. " He is more an Infidel than his
" Father. "As to the reft j had Ramadam Sardo been a natural Turk,
and difpofed to have faved the poor, wrongly- accufed Greek, the Villain
his Accufer would have been drubbed to Death, and the whole Band of
thofe clamorous Caitifs would have been lliarply reprimanded for their
Infolence : All which might have been effected without any Difturbance, or
other ill Confequence $ fince the Turks, Kul-Oglous, Moors, Sec. could
not have had any Handle to furmife, that he had any other Motive than
mere Regard to Juftice and the Protection of Innocence. But fhould a
Renegado take fuch a Step, even thole of his own Cloth would be the
firft to bfand him with the infamous Name of a Fautor of Chrijlians, as
being one himfelf j which would be the readieft Way could be taken to
work, his Deft ruction. And this fecms, upon thefe Occafions, to have
flopped the Mouth and tied the Hands of the well- difpofed Ramadam
Sardo j as, to my own certain Knowledge, has been the Cafe with many
Renegadoes, in feveral other Matters, tho' of lefs Moment. But to

proceed with our Story.

Nicolo was informed of what was to be his Fatej and this Author gives
many Inftances of his patient Refignation, painting him out as a Perfon
actually cut out to be a Martyr. With great Difficulty he obtained the
JFavour of being vifited by a Ghoftly Father, who was a Reverend Trini-
tarian, lately brought in a Captive, and who, afterwards got away, by
Land, to Oran. The pious Man prepared him for his Journey. But the
Renegadoes (like the Morifcoes of Sberjbel, taken Notice of in a preced-
ing Page) beginning to reflect:, that their Paftime would be too expcn-
five, unlefs they made a Gathering, among Lovers of the Caufe, towards
defraying the Cofts and Charges of the Solemnity, put off the Sacrifice

from

5jf The History of Algiers.

from CbriJImas-Tlayi as had been intended, to the Day following. Ac-
cordingly he was Procefiioned, and preceded by fome Eie&, with Difh.es
who begged of all they met. A certain Renegado Spaniard, Captain of a
Galeot, who was named A for at Rais, Chico^ and .known by the Spanijh
Nick-Name c Mal-trapillo y finding the FefHval was delayed for only
twenty four Gold Ducats, he gallantly threw down Half the Sum, and
went about collecting the Remainder, from Houfc to Houfe, among all
his Acquaintance.

All Obftacles being thus removed, thefe African Inquifitors, having
provided themfelves with two or three Chiaufes, or the Bajha's MefTcn-
gers, to give a Sanction to their Doings, about Noon they drag away
their Victim to the Plain, or Strand, near Alt Bajha's Callle, without
Beb-al-Weyd Gate, where the Anchor, Fewel, &c. were ready prepared,
in the fame Order, as for fome of the before-mentioned Martyrs, And
tocutfhort Haedo's long and difmal Account, this unhappy Innocent was
miferably and moft inhumanly roafted, as he walked round and Tound the
Iron Stake j which diabolical Torture he endured, for more than three
Quarters of an Hour, with the pious Patience of a primitive Father. He
no fooner funk down and expired, than the Body was beat to Shatters
by Tempefts of Stones, firft from the Renegadoes^ and then from the Boys
and other Mob. When the Heaps of Stones were removed, the Re-
mains of this Martyr's mangled Carcafs were burned to Afhes. Some
Bones were afterwards privately buried by well- inclined Chriftians. He
was aged fifty five.

The next remarkable Tragedy that happened in this Bajha's Time,
was as follows. February 4, 1 fjj. Kara-Hajfan, a Turkijh Cor-

fair, Captain of a Galeot, was a Man of a brutiiTi and mod inhu-
man Difpofition, and was particularly cruel towards his own Slaves.
He, a few Days before, had entered the River of Fetoun, or Tetuatt,
with two Gaieots of his own, whereof one was commanded by him-
ielf, and the other by his Renegado, named Afemmi Rais, a Venetian.
Defire of Liberty, and Hatred to this cruel Cor fair, had induced feveral of
his Slaves to combine, and form a Refolution of taking the firlt fair Oc-
casion to rife and run away with the Galeot. When the Corfair's Bufi-

1 '

* Literally a fbrry Bit -of Clout, or Rag ; Ufcd to figuity a pitiful Scoundrel.

i nefs

The History ^/Algiers. 535

nefs at that Town was done, he ordered his Renegado to weigh Anchor,
and go down the River before him, while he ftill remained behind, upon
fome Affair. This the Chriftians thought a favourable Opportunity to put
in Execution their Project : And the Cut over to Spain was very fhort.
The Chiefs of this Combination were five; viz. A Venetian Carpenter,
named Janetto > aged twenty fix : The Captain's Steward, named Juliano,
*Genouefe; aged eighteen; Marco, El Remoter, or the Oar-Maker, alio a
Genouefe, married in Sicily, aged thirty four: Andrea, ofjaca, being a
Native of that ancient City in Sicily, aged twenty five: And Marcello,
of Mancia, born at that City, in Calabria; aged twenty two. Thefe,
with fome others, were refolutely determined, and waited only for the
Occafion. Kara Hajfan, now ready to depart and follow his Renegado,
finding the Wind had fhifted, and began to blow a itrong Gale full in
his Teeth up the River gave the Word for lowering the Maft, in or-
der to facilitate his Paflage. As he flood upon Deck, bawling out thofe
Orders concerning the Maft.- Janetto the Carpenter, having tipped the Wink
upon his Affociates, who, anfwering with the like, figniflcd their Approbati-
on, he approached the Corfair, Ax in Hand (which he might dounfufpected,
that being his ufual Weapon, tho' applied to other Ufes) faying to himj
" Patron, Patron: This is not a Time to talk of thofe Affairs." And
with thefe Words, he inftantly buried the whole Head of his Ax in the
Tyrant's Bread, who with that terrible Stroke fell down at his Feet.
Upon this Marcello, fefolving to make an End of him, ran with a Crow-
Foot, and gave the gafping Barbarian two great Wounds, one in the
Belly, the other on the Temples. At this unexpected Object, the Turks
inftantly rofe, being upwards of fixty, and were as readily encountered by
the whole Crew of Slaves, with what Weapons came to Hand, and there
began afharp and bloody Conflict. Juliano, the Steward, had given the
Chriftians fome Scimetars, and others had forcibly (applied themfcives
with thofe of fome Soldiers, at the Beginning of the Fray. Both Parties
fought with equal Fury, their All being at Stake. Several of the Turks
were foon laid fprauling on the Deck, and many others forced overboard,
whereof fome were drowned ia the River, having fo crammed their
Bofoms with Bags of Gold and Silver Money, that rhe very Weighr
funk them to the Bottom ; particularly feven or eight' Mo oriJJj Merchant?,
going Paffengers to Algiers. Some of the Chriftians were alfo {lain, and
others difabled. Of the Turks only twenty ftood their Ground aboard,

five

536 The History of Algiers.

five at the Poop, -and fifteen at the Prow. Thefe made Head againft the
CbrijlianS) and a&ually prevented them from cutting away the Cable.
During this Action, the few Moors and thofe Turks ceafed not hollowing
aloud to the other Galeot, which was fcarce got a Mufket Shot down the
River: But at fir ft thofe Calls for Affiflance were taken for only the
Noile made at weighing the Anchor, and other Matters of a like Na-
ture. But when the Cafe was difcovered, Memmi Rais came rowing fu-
rioufly towards them, pouring in Showers of Small Shot and Arrows
among the revoked Cbrijiians; who in vain drove to cut the Cable, in or-
der, with the Force of the Current, to bear down upon, and fink, if
poifible, or elfe board the approaching Enemy. But, mod unfortunately
for thofe bold Adventurers, the Turks defended their Poll to Admiration.
During this furious Conteft, Memmi Rais arrived, and a good Num-
ber of his Turks leaped aboard, and renewed the Fight with greater Fury
than ever. Thofe who had taken, the Water being alfo returned, the
Scene began to change Countenance. The Blood of Cbrijiians mingled
with that of their Enemies, began to flow, plentifully about the Galeot.
Of the Cbrijiians, the faid five Ring-Leaders greatly fignalized them-
selves* more particularly the gallant young Juliano: Who with his late
Patron's own coftly Sabre, laid about him " bolder than a Lion ; darting
" himfelf from Place to Place, like Lightning, and doing Wonders. "
Thus the Cbrijiians in the Galeot held out moft manfully, for a very con-
fiderable Space 5 till the Enemy increafing upon them every Moment,
and Showers of Shot and Arrows being inceflantly poured in upon them,
nineteen of the moft active and refolute were foon laid dead upon the
Deck, and many more grievoufly wounded j infomuch that the Survivors
were forced to furrender. Memmi Rais, being extremely concerned at the
Death of his Patron, who from his Childhood, had brought him up, with
great Love and Tendernefs, as were the Turks highly incenfed at the Lofs
of their Friends, the furrendered Revolters were no fooner well fecured 5
but it was refolved among them to take fevere Vengeance. They began
with Jawtto, the Carpenter, who, with his Ax, had given the firft
Wound to Kara Hajfan. Having cut off his Nofe and Ears, they hung
him, by the Feet, at the Yard -Arm, and fhot his Body fo full of Arrows,
that, to ufe my Author's own Words, he looked like a Porcupine, or
Hedge Hog. Being dill alive, they letdown the Yard at once, fo that
be was plunged into the River, and remained under Water more than a

2- Quarter

The HisroRvr of Algiers. 537

Quarter of an Hour ; when imagining him to be certainly dead, the
Yard was again hoifted up, and, to the |Wonder and Amazement of all
the Beholders, he was yet living, a prodigious Quantity of Water iflu-
ing from his Mouth and Noflrils : And he fo continued for a good Half
Hour, invoking Christ, the Virgin and Saint s, with exemplary
Fervency.

Next they took aftiore the valorous young Juliano : " And dripping
f him to the Skin, fays this Author, which was clearer than Alabafter,"
leaving him only a thin Pair of Linen Drawers, they buried him, to the
Middle, clofe by the River-Side j when having bound his Hands behind?
they {hot him quite full of Arrows. This brave Youth, alfo, received
Martyrdom with as much Piety and Refolution as his Companion:
Both behaving as couragcoufly as they had done during their bold At-
tempt. Their Bodies were then caft into the River j which being by the
Stream carried away to the Sea, were never more heard of. The Day
following, the Galeots departed for Algiers, where Memmi Rais and the
others determined to revenge themfelves feverely on the moll culpable of
thofe Revolters. Being arrived, that Renegado Captain, with fomeofhis
Turks, repaired to the Palace > acquainting Ramadam Bajha with what
had happened. Memmi Rais, all in Tears, intreated the Bajha to permit
him to revenge the difaftrous Death of his dear Patron, and the other
Turks, upon certain of the Chriftians, according to his own Method. To
this the Bajha readily enough confented. Leave thus obtained, without
a Moment's Delay, a Mule was fent for, and Andre* of Jaca's Chains
being knocked off, he was tied Hands and Feet, and cruelly dragged a-
long thro* all the chief Streets; infomuch, that when he got to Beb-al-
Weyd Gate he was in a manner dead; being all over mod inhumanly
torn and mangled. There he was call; upon the Hook, as defcribed in
P. 391. which, taking him under the right Side Ribs, pafled quite thro*
his Body, fo that it was not long before he expired. He fuffered with
fingular Patience and Devotion. The Body remained fo that Day, and
Part of the next ; when it was thrown into the Sea, becaufe it (hould not
be buried by the Chriftians.

The fame Day, Marcello, the Calabrian, was brought t ; out to the fame
Gate, and there being fattened by the Middle to a Stake, with his Hands
bound behind, he was miferably (toned to Shatters by the Multitude. The
mangled Carcafs was then reduced to Cinders, which were afterwards, by

Yol. II. Z 2 2 that

5 3$ ' Tke History of Algiers.

that imaged Populace, caft into the Sea, and difperfed about the Place,
in order to difappoint the zealous Relic-Mongers.

The Oar- Maker, Marco, was hanged up by the Feet to the Yard of
a French Veflei, then careening in the Port, where he continued alive
almoft two Days and one Night: When towards the Evening the Mo-
bility got Leave to difpatch him 5 which they did with a Temped of
Stones, in fo inhuman a Manner, that the whole Body quite loft its pri-
ftine Form, and of the Head fcarce any remained. Having thus vented
their Fury, the Remains were caft into the Sea, and no more heard of.
The Character F. Haedo affirms, from Eye and Ear WitnefTes, to have
heard of thefe Servants and Soldiers of Jesus Christ, and of their he-
roic Patience and Chriftian Refignation, induces him to deem them all
worthy a Place among his Martyrs j concerning whom, nothing near {o
much Notice fliould have been taken, but that (everal curious Readers ap-
prove of thefe Narratives 5 and are of Opinion, that, more than any
thing elfe, they difplay the Genius, fjff. of the People we treat of. They
are certainly genuine, tho', fcemingly, related not without fomewhat of
a Tincture of Partiality : But mod of the Preaching Part is omitted.

Memmi Rais, not yet fatisfied with having thus chaftifed the five Ring-
Leaders of this notable Infurrection, but (till thirfting for the Blood of
the Refidue, and meeting no farther Encouragement from Ramadam
Bajba, about twenty Days after the laft of thefe Executions, he fet out
for Conftant'tnople. The main Caufe of his taking that Voyage was to ob-
tain that Permiflion from Ochali, or Alt Bajha, Fartas, the Grand Signor's
Chief Admiral, of whom we have fo amply treated. The Pretext for
this his infatiable Cruelty, in which he was feconded by others in his Com-
pany, was, that, the Blood of his murdered Patron, Kara Hajfan, and fo
many brave Turks, might be completely revenged. That famous

Admiral's Anfwer, according to Haedo, is very remarkable, and fuffici-
cntly (hews his natural Difpofition, in a Cafe where he was free from all
Apprehenfion or Reftraint. Baring his Right Arm, which was maim-
ed, he faid to thofc Petitioners : " Do you behold here this Arm of
u mine, lamed by fome Cbrifiians, who formerly rofe up in Arms aboard
** my own VefTel, and fpared no Blows, in order to deprive me of Life
" and recover their Liberty. More than this, the fame Chriflians and
<c fome others made like Attempts, in two other Vefleis of mine, and
flaughtercd many Turks, and others of my Equipages. Yet, at all thi*

" I-did

The HlStdRY 0/AL61ER5, 5Jt

<c I did not in the leaft wonder 5 fince it is very natural for, nay, an in-
" cumbent Obligation upon every Man deprived of Liberty, to ftudy
" Means to get out of his Captivity : Nor is this any more than what is
" daily and hourly practifed between Enemies- So that as Kara HaJJ'an
" is far from being the only Perfon who has met a like Fate, defift from
" all Demands and Pretenfions of this Nature, and think no more of thus
" butchering the poor Chrijiians. "Had he been at Algiers, among that
unruly Militia, he muft not have been fo blunt. The fame Author

goes on thus : " With thefe and other fuch-like Difcourfes, the Captain-
" Bajha appeafed them : In all which he frankly told them nothing but
u the bare and naked Truth 5 rightly obferving the Injuftice of thofe
" Cruelties which Memmi Rah had been committing j not fcrupling to
" acknowledge, that he had no fufficient Caufe to inflict fuch barbarous
" Punifhments upon thofe Chrijiians. And the real Truth is, that the
" main Motive that induces thofe misbelieving Barbarians fo to (laughter
" the Chrijiians, and gorge thcmfelves with their Blood, is no other than
" the immortal Hatred they bear to the Name and Precepts of Our Lord
<e Jesus Christ: In all which their Inhumanities, one feldom meets with
" any Inftance wherein they do not act with the utmoft Injuftice j fince
" the Provocations they have for fo doing, are either very flight, or at
" the moft not much worthy Notice. For, generally fpeaking, the
" worn: Crime a Chrijiian is guilty of there, is (conformable to Reafon
u and Juftice) attempting to regain his Freedom : And wherein lies the
^ Injuftice of all this, even if effected by killing his Injidel Enemy, who,
" unjuftly and tyrannically, has robbed him of his Liberty !"

Well urged, Priejt ! But F. Haedo y methinks, too foon forgets the more
rational and confiderate Arguments of the u Captain- Bajha. ^BcCidcs, Spa-
niards, of all People, ought not to argue after this Manner: It being too
notorious in the World, how mercifully they proceed, even in Mat-
ters of a far (lighter Nature. It is really Pity thofe unhappy young Men
fucceeded no better in their generous Attempt : Bur, at the fame Time,
it is much to be questioned, whether their Treatment, upon a like Occa*
Hon, would have been a Jot milder, among Spaniards, ,&c. j tho', pcifj
haps, they would have been butchered with fomewhat more Forma-

"" In P. 501. it is Caid, that this .Admiral died in 1580. It is 2 Miibkc ; for he lived f< I
Years longer. x Lookback to P. 516, rV-

Z Z Z 1 lity,

5+0 The History of Algiers.

lity, according to the Rules of Jufiice and Equity. Chrifiians, nay Ca-
tholic Chrifiians as they were, had they been chained to Oars on board a
Spanijh, or other Catholic Galley (few of which are without Store of
good Catholics , interfperfed among their Infidel and Heretic Labourers)
and had made fuch a Pufti for their Liberty, and, in the Attempt, fried
any true Catholic Blood,* they would fcarce have been Canonized, even
had they, one by one, invoked all the Saints in Paradife. So much by
Way of Animadverfion and Moral.

To the Tragical Relation, in P. 481. & feq. (which is well relifhed
by fome of my Readers) of an Exploit of the revengeful Morifcoes, by
Way of Reprizal upon their Perfecutors, the Spaniards, take the A bit raft
of another, from the fame Writer, which happened in ifj6. during the
Adminiftration, and with the Confent of this Ramadam Sardo. It is remark-
able, and gives a farther Infight into Part" of the Hiftory of thofe Times.
Early in June, the faid Year, about twenty Turks and Morifcoes, in a fmall
Frigata, or Brigantine, going on Cruife, foon after Day-Break landed at
a Place called El Colle de Balaguer, not far from Tortofa in Catalonia.
Concealing their Veflel in a Creek, they lay in Ambufh, by the Road-
Side, with their accuftomed View of furprifing unwary PaiTengers. They
had not waited long before nine Chrifiians, travelling to Taragona, and
other Parts, unfortunately fell into the Snare, and were all captivated :
So rernifs, fays this Author, are the Guards appointed to fecure thofe
Roads. Among thofe Travellers was a Reverend Ecclefiaftic, named
F. Miguel de Aranda, a Perfon of high Reputation and Efteem. The in-
fidious Corfairs haftily imbarked with their Prize, fearing a Difcovery.
Next Day they met with a Fifliing-Boat, with four Chrifiians, which
they likewife took. Satisfied with thefe thirteen Slaves, they bore over
for Barbary, and foon got to Sherjhel, about twenty Leagues Weft of
Algiers, and, as we often obferve, inhabited chiefly by Morifcoes. Among
Crouds of Sherjhelians, who flocked to learn News, and fee the new
Slaves, was one * Cajhetta (the Surname of his Family when in Spain)
who, not very long before, had efcaped thither from Oliva, in the King-
dom of Valencia. This Man, being informed, that thole Chrifiians were

In the Original it is Caxeta and Cajeta, both which are to be pronounced Cakbeta, af-
ter the corrupt, or rather abfurd Manner of the Spaniards, who have no oth*r Way of ex-
preffing Sb, or indeed cannot pronounce thofe Letters at all.

4 Valenciam

7 he History ef Algiers* 541

VaUnciam and Catalans, began to be very inquifitive concerning a Bro-
ther of his, named Jlicax (rather Ali-Qafhetta) .lately made a Captive by

the Spaniards., fomewhere near Valencia. The Cafe was thus. When

this Morifco fled over to Barbary, that his Elder Brother came with him,
together with their Families, and others of that Nation. They fettled
at Shetfoel, where they had many Relatives and Acquaintance. The Elder
of the Brothers, being a Man of Courage and Capacity, a good Marines
and particularly well acquainted with the Valencian Coafts (as having there
been born and bred, and for many Years followed FiflieryJ in Partnerihip
with other Morifcoes, no lefs verfed in thofe their native Parts than him-
felf, fitted out a Brigantine, in which they made divers fuccefsful Trips
over, doing abundance of Damage, in captivating a great Number of
Chrjflians, which they fold at Algiers, Befides this, they brought away many
Morifco Families. Such a Train of Profperity made Ali Cajbetta excefllvely
daring and vain glorious. He painted bis Brigantine all green, and fo fet
it out with Flags and Streamers, that the Shew it made upon the Water
diffidently exprefled its Owner's Vanity. But before he had long tri-
umphed, he fell in among fome Spaniflo Galiies, who put a Stop to his
Career. Thus become a Slave, he was put to the Oar } as the lead noto-
rious of his Cloth were ufually ferved. But the Count DeOliva, whofe
Vaflal he had been, hearing of his Capture, ftrove to get him into his
Hands, in order to inflict on him a greater Puniuhment, in Return for the
inconceivable Ravages he had committed in his Territory, and chiefly irv
conveying away fuch Numbers of his profitable Morifco VafTals. " But 3
" fays this Author, the Inquijitors of Valencia hearing of this noted Cap-
" tive's Exploits, and many of his Enormities lying directly within the
" Province of the Holy Office, " he was forced away from the Galley
where he rowed, and fecured in one of their Dungeons > where he was at
the Time when his Brother was thus inquiring about him of thofe new
Slaves at Sherfhd.

As fome of them, who knew the Perfon, and his Story, indifcreetly*
enough, fcrupled not to affirm ; " That his Brother was then an a
' Prifoner at Valencia. " Adding, by Way of Recollection > Ct Thar, of
" a Certainty, they knew, that he would foon be releafed. " Notwith-
ftanding this Half-Caution ufed by thofe Spaniards, the Morifco was too
well acquainted with the Affairs of Spain, not to guefs at the Reafon
why his Brother was not, like others, chained to the Oar on board fome

Galley,

542 The H i s t o ry of A l g i e r s.

Galley. Thofe Words caufed Reflexions which flung him to the very
Soul; and fo affected he was, that he was jufl: ready to fall upon thofe
innocent Valencidns : But that would have been a Procedure he could not
have anfwered to their Owners. However, fo was his Breaft agitated
with Fury, that he could not refrain from uttering direful Execrations 5
fwearing by Allah : " That if his Brother came to any Harm, fome one
<c or other fliould feverely pay for it. " Departing in a Rage, he affem-
bled all his Relations and Intimates, to whom he imparted his Sufpicions,
which they all thought were but too well grounded, and unanimoufly
concurred, that fome fpeedy Remedy ought to be attempted. The bed:
they could think on, was forthwith to purchafe fome noted Valencian,
whofe Intereft it fhould be, for Self-Prefervation, to endeavour the get-
ting himfelf exchanged for that Prifoner. We have obferved, that feve-
ral of the faid new Captives were of that City. The Morifcoes had all
agreed with Cajhetta to contribute towards buying the Chriftian, and left
the reft to him to act as he thought proper. He, returning to difcourfc
farther with thefe Valencians, foon found that the Chief among them
was F. Miguel de Aranda : Who, being a refpe&able Churchman, would,
confequently, be as likely as any to procure his Brother's Inlargement 5 if
by any poflible Means to be obtained. Tho' he dreaded worfe, yet, hi-
therto, he conceived fome fmall Glimmerings of Hope, that his beloved
Brother might appertain to fome Valencian Don, whom having difoblig-
cd, he had caft him into Prifon. If fo, the Cafe was not defperate. But
if he had been taken Cognizance of by thofe clofe-talloned Harpies, the /-
quifitors, alas! what Remedy? Among thofe Captives, there was one An-
tonio EJlevan, who well knew both the Brothers, having, with them,
long followed the Filhing Trade. With this Chrijlian, in particular, who
had his Family at Valencia, and was very certain of the whole Affair,
Cajhetta was exceflively inquifitive : And by him was confirmed of his
Brother's Imprifonment. u But, faid he, if God pleafes, he may foon

be releafed." " As not daring, adds this Author, to fay, he was

" in the Prifons of the Holy Office."-. Thus agitated with Hope, Doubt,
Fear and Revenge, Cajhetta determined to go in the Brigantine to Algiers,
intending there to purchafe F. Miguel' de Aranda, and, by fair or foul
Means, to prevail with him to engage for and procure his Brother's Li-
berty. Nor could he contain himfelf in the Paffage, but broke his
Mint to F. Miguel, promifing him all imaginable good Treatment, pro-
vided

Ibe History of Algiers. 5 4J

vided he obtained what he and many others lb earneftly defired. But as
that good Father was confeious of the Cafe, he (till replied j w That he
" could not, in any wife, pretend to engage himfelf in any fuch Affair :
" But that, if he could poffibly bring it about, he would do it very joy-
" fully." Nor did he ever make him the lead: Promife j as well know-
ing that to be a Cafe in which even the King himfelf dares not interfere.
However, all this wrought not the leaft Effect upon the perfiiling Mo-
rifco'y but he bought F. Miguel in the public Market for 2.60 Gold Du-
cats. His Affairs detained him at Algiers about a Month > during all
which Time, he was incefTantly teazing his Reverend Captive upon the
fame Subje6b, and always got the fame ingenuous Reply. In Mid- Auguft
he fet out for Sherjhel^ on a good Mule, followed by poor F. Miguel on
Foot, in that fcorching and fultry Scafon of the Year : And as he imagin-
ed to bring about by hard Ufage what he was not able to compafs by In-
treaty and Infinuation, he marched thofe four-fcore Miles, or thereabout?,
in lefs than two Days : Which toilfome Journey we may term the Intro-
duction to this Martyr's Sufferings. Being delivered to the Wife and
Children of the imprifoned Morifco, they and all the reft of his Relations
ftrove who fhould out-do each other in abufing and infulting him , there-
by to force him to a Compliance. Befides keeping him continually em-
ploied in all the vileft and mofl fervile Offices, with a great Chain at his
Leg, and fcarce any Suflenance, his Ears were perpetually faluted with
reviling Language : All which this Author affirms him to have endured,
for feveral Months, with a true Catholic Patience, Humility and Reflgna-
tion. At length, April 1 fjj. other Morifcoes\ efcaping from Valencia^
arrived at Sberjhel, and brought the (hocking News j i( That the unhappy
u Ali-Cajhetta (after many Months Confinement in that worfe than Pur*
" gat or y^ the Inquifition^ and feveral Examinations, at all which he haJ
* { continued mofl perfeveringly contumacious, affirming, to the Teeth of
a the pious InquifttorS) that it always was and ever fhould be his immuta-
" ble Refolution to live and die a good Mujfulman^ obftinately refuting
" to acknowledge or confefs his manifold Crimes) had, in November laft,
"" been delivered up by the Holy Office to the Secular Arm, and publicly
** roaffed alive at Valencia.

Not to dwell on the Effects thefe Tydings wrought on the Morifcoes,
particularly thofe who were mofl concerned in that Perfon's Difafler, all
which may be better gueffed at than defcribed, we fhall only take Notice

1 of

3,44 The History of Algiers^

of the Remit ; which was the Refolution they took, to give the C<*-
tbolic Church a Martyr, as the Catholics had given their Church a Con-
fej/or. And who a properer Victim than F. Miguel! Upon this innocent
Man they refolved to try an Experiment: Whether there were not as good
Jnquifitors in Barbary as in Spain ': Nay, they determined to do their _Bu-
finefs Full as publicly, and with no lefs Solemnity. There was juft ar-
rived, at Algiers, from Valencia, the Lifmofna, which is the charitable
Collection of Money to redeem Captives. F. Miguel, who had been af-
fured of his approaching Fate, by his infulting Patrons and PatronefTes
(for he had feveral of both Sexes) found Means to write and fend away a
Letter, in moft prefling Terms, to F. Oliver, one of the Padres Reden-
tores, and his intimate Friend j acquainting him with the imminent Dau-
ger he was in, and carneftly fupplicating him, in Conjunction with the
other Father, his Afliftant, to ufe his whole Intereft, and try what could
poflibly be done, in his Behalf. " The Anfwer, fays this Author, which
" F. Oliver (as he himfelf told me) returned to this Letter, imported j
" That he fliould not fcruple to agree with his Patrons for what Money they
" would demand j and that immediately, upon his informing him of the Sum,
, he would not fail paying it downy with the great efl Pleafure imaginable :
<c That Father Redeemer being really apprehenfive of the very Tragedy,
" at which we, afterwards, were all forrowful Spectators. " On Receipt
of this Anfwer, F. Miguel propofed the Affair to his Patrons. But, as
they were already determined, they haughtily cut him fhortj telling him ;
t c That it was utterly in vain for him to mention, or think of Redempti-
" on j for they would not part with him for all the Wealth in the Uni-
" verfe. That he fhould put away all fuch idle Imaginations 5 finceasyf//-
m Cajhetta had been barbaroufly burned to Death at Valencia, they were -
< c unalterably refolved to ferve him in the very fame Manner. " All this
and more to a like Purport, they clofed with a bitter Storm of fcurrilous
Reproaches. The tenth of the fucceeding May, the fame Perfon who
dragged him to Sberfhel, fet out from thence, in order to drive him to
Algiers, the Scene of his Martyrdom > pitched on by thofe his Inqui-
fitorSy as being more populous, and by far more frequented by Europeans^
and confequently the Catholics, on the other Side the Water, would foon
have a circumftantial Information, " That in Barbary there were fome
j* who had as good a Hand at burning, and even at roafting Folks, as they
u could poffibly have in Spain, or elfewhere : And the Padres Redentores

" would

The History a/Algiers. 545

K would be convinced, by ocular Demonftration, that Vengeance was
<c not always to be bought off with Money." rP itv > indeed, the In-
nocent fhould pay off the Scores of the Guilty! But in what Part of the

World is not the fame practifed, by Way of Reprizal ? Cajbetta, on

his Arrival at Algiers, with bis Sacrifice, failed not to impart the Occa-
sion of his coming to the leading Morifcoes there > who, highly applauding
his generous Refolution, readily promifed him the utmoft of their Coun-
tenance and Afliftance. Accordingly, they congregated the whole Com-
munity j who all came into it, not one excepted. There the Meafures
to be taken were concerted j and we fhall foon fee the Refult of that
Meeting. Four of their graveff. and mod refpectable Elders were nomi-
nated, to accompany the forrowful Mourner to the Bajha'% Palace, in or-
der to follicit his Confent. Several of them were of Opinion, that, in
a Cafe like this, the burning a fingle Christian would not be fufficiently
pompous and glaring in the Eye of the World : Alledging, * That if
" they were difpofed to do a handfome Action, which might in fome
w Meafure put a Bridle on the Nofes of the Spanifh Inquifitors, and ter-
" rify them from fuch inhuman Treatment of their Morijco Brethren,
4 only for feeking the quiet Enjoyment of their Confciences, it would
". be convenient, nay, intirely necefTary for them to facrifice two, three,
" or more, even as many as they could purchafe, of the beft-efteemed
c< Spaniards they could lay Hands on j and if they were all PapaJ/es, To
cC much the better : Since, added they, in Spain, thofe are the People
K who are at the Head of all Councils, and who bellow out "from their
" Pulpits, that our Nation fliould and ought to be perfecuted and dc-
ct ftroyed." This was very well reliftied at the Aflcmbly : Bur,
in Barbary, Prieft's FleiTi is generally the dcareft of the whole Mar-
ket. However, fome of the moft zealous were extremely urgent:

and follicitous with Morat Rais, Mal-trafillo, mentioned in P. f 54. to
fell them a certain Valencian Prieft of his, who had been captivated in
the S. Paul, a Maltefe Galley : Offering him whatever reafonable Sum of
Money he would exact. But as that Apoftate Spaniard (tho* very far
from being a Friend to Chrijiians) had actually agreed with that Eccle-
flaftic for his Ranfom, but more particularly thro' the earned DifTiiafions,
and perhaps Bribes of F. Oliver, all their Solicitations proved fruitlefs.
Thefe Matters took up about a Week : Nor was that material Point, the
Bajha's Concurrence, yet gained. May 17. the four Morifco Elders in-
Vol. II. A a a a troduced

J4 6 The History of Algiers.

troduccd Cajhttta to that Vice-Roy. The difconfolate Mourner, affiftcd
by his Introductors, painted out the Cafe in Colours proper for their Pur-
pofe, and, in moft pathetic Terms, recommended the Affair to his Ex-
cellency's Conftderation, telling him 3 " That it was abfolutely rcquifite
" to proceed in that Manner, in order to give the Chrijlians that fmall
" Specimen of their Refentment at thebafe and inhuman Treatment their
* Brethren met with at the Hands of the perfecuting Spaniards. " Such
and fo many were the Arguments they ufed, that Ramadam Bafoa, how-
ever averfe to Cruelty in his natural Difpolition, could not, 2 with any
Safety to his own Character, long refill thofe Importunities ; as being
confeious, that thofe few were Deputies from many thoufands. So, with-
out much farther Intreaty, he faid 3 "They might ufe their Pleafure." Such
was the Satisfaction (fays Haedo, who was an. Eye-Witnefs to all thefe
Tranlactions) of thofe Morifcoes, at having found fuch a ready Compli.
ancein the Vice- Roy, that they marched out from the Palace as in Tri-
umph 3 and in pafling along the Streets, they were fo unable to contain
themfelves for Joy, that they could not refrain Cilling to all they met or
fa\v > imparting their Succefs, in fo eafily obtaining Leave to burn a Cbri-
flian Papafs : Not failing to tell them, why and wherefore. And in all
this they exprefTed fuch Cordiality, that many of the Turks and Moors
(who naturally had no very great Opinion of the Sincerity of the Morif-
coes, and were apt to think them little better than Spies to the Chrifiians)
applauded them, faying 3 " They acted like gallant Men and true Muf-
fulmans. " Thefe are Words they fometimes ufe to the Renegadoes i
whatever they think of them to the contrary. Thus encouraged on
all Hands, continues this Author, they grew infufferably outrageous and
infolent towards the Captive Cbrijiians 3 infomuch, that not fatisfied with
affronting them with all the opprobrious Names they could think on, as
Dogs, Jews, T'raytors, Cuckolds, Pimps, &C. as ufual, they alfo threat-
ened them, that the Time drew near when they fhould all be ferved as
they would foon fee them ferve the Papafs they were about to roafi. To
this they added even Blows, Kicks and the like Violences 3 fo that no

Cbriftian could fafely pafs where any Morifeoes were affembled. As

for poor F. Miguel, if be was before itri&ly kept up, they then hindered

cither Cffrrijpian 01 Moor even from approaching his Dungeon. His Kcep-

.. ' T .

I Look back to P

ers,

The History ^Algiers. 547

ers, indeed, took Care to allure him of his Fate : And, tho' he carneftly
fupplicatcd Leave for fome Ghoftly Father to vifit him in that Extremity,
it was a Favour he couid never obtain. He prevailed with one Moor to
get him Pen, Ink and Paper, and to promife the Delivery of fuch Me-
morandums as he fhould write to a certain Valencian Merchant fettled at
Algiers: But the faid Paper never appeared : " Tho', fays Haedo, I ufed
,c my utmoft Diligence to find out the Moor to whom it was deliver-
ed." F.Oliver tried all poflible Means to favc him; having tam-
pered with rnofr. of the leading Morifcoes, or tagarines of Algiers, mak-
ing very confiderable Offers ; tho' all to no Purpofe. At length he went
to the Bajba, reprefenting, on one Side, "the barbarous, unjuft and inhu-
man Cruelty of thole Morifioes, without the lead reafonable Provocati-
on : And, on the other, the manifeft Innocence of the good F. Miguel.
Infinuating to him ; " That, by granting fuch Permiflions, his Highnefc's
" Princely Name, which was fo honourably fpoken of throughout:
" Chrijlendom, would be rendered infamous in every Mouth ; which to
tC prevent, it abfolutely behoved his Highnefs to recall that Licenfe, and
" by all Means obftrucT: thofe Proceedings. "AH the Anfwer he got
was the following Excufc. " That it was none of his Doing : And thae
" it lay not in his Power to oppofe popular Fury; nor could he hinder
u what was fo ftrenuoufly infilled on, and fo earneftly defired by fuch
" Numbers of Mujfulmans, " F. Oliver* ill fatisfied with thefe Excufes,
had the Courage to urge the Matter again and again; but all to no bet-
ter Effect. It came into his Head, that Admiral Arnaud Memmi, might
be prevailed on to interpofe, on account of his being Chief of all the
Corfairs, a People daily ufing the Sea, and confequcntly in Danger of fal-
ling into Chrijlian Hands, who might retaliate upon them the Inju-
ries done to F. Miguel. Flattering himfelf with the Hope of fucceeding
that Way, by infpiring the Corfairs with thofe Apprehenfions, he got
his Afliftant, F, Geronymo, to open the Matter to that Admiral. Arnaud
Memmi, catting a furious and diTdaifrfut Look at him, replied : " Go, go,
" Priejl ! Be gone about your B'ufinefs. Not only that Varlet, but you
" and your ^Companion very richly deferve to be burned alive at yon
" Mole-Head. Vanifh ! Be gone !" The pious Padre Redentor, ter-
rified at his Tone and Geftures, was glad to give over. Haedo complains
of the little Refpect (hewed by the churlifii, choleric Admiral to fo vene-
rable a Perfonage. He next relates this farther Inftance of Morifco Fury,

A a a a 2 and

548 The History of Algiers.

and calls it a Notable Cafe. A certain Moor, named Aifa Rais, was

then ac Algiers, whither he was lately arrived from Naples. There, with a
Pais, he had been folliciting the Releafe of a Brigantine, in which he was
concerned, and its Equipage, with feveral Cbriftian Captives, moftly his
own j all which had been unjuftly feized in fome Port of Sardinia, by
thofe Iflanders, while, with a Flag of Truce, thofe Moors were treating
for the Ranfom of the faid Chriftians. As he had met with nothing
but Courtefy, and Juiiice among Chriftians, and particularly much Gene-
rofity and good Ufage from Don Juan de Auftria, he was very well in-
clined towards them, and could not forbear talking freely of the great
Injuftice the Morifcces were practifing towards F. Miguel, He had given
his Tongue fuch Liberties, and in fo many Companies, that the Mo~
rifcoes hearing of it, were highly incenfed j and began to meditate a
fevere Revenge. Having confulted among themfelves, a great Band of
them again repaired to the Bajha, (for it happened the very fame Day)
and with great Clamour and Eagernefs told him : " That fuch Infolence
" was not to be borne with. Adding, that any Man who profefled hirafelf a
<c Mujfulman, and fo openly dared to fpeak in the Behalf of Chriftians^
" and publicly condemn a Deed fo meritorious in the Eyes of God and
" the Prophet, was worthy of the worfl: of Punifhments. " With this
they earneftly intreated him, to give them Leave to burn that audacious
Mifcreant in Company with the Papafs. They were fo earned and cla-
morous in this their Demand, that the Bajha was hard put to it to pacify
and get rid of them j which he could not compafs, till he had affured
them, that he ihould be rigoroufly chaftifed. A fure Sign that they
had to do with a Renegado: For a Turk would have fent them away fafter
than they came, had they accofted him on any Affair to which he was
averfe. Thus balked, and apprehenfive left F, Miguel fliould, by

fome Means, be begged off, and fo efcape their Fury, they refolved to
delay no longer: So that, the very 'next Morning, May 18. they got all
their Affairs ready at the Marine, as the mod confpicuous Place. The
Anchor, for a Stake, was fixed, and Heaps of Fewel conveyed thither.
Then, attended with feveral Turks and three or four Chiaufes^ whom
they had hired, to give the greater Authority to their Proceedings, about
Noon they fetched out the unhappy Victim, from the Houfe where they
kept him, which was about two Mufket Shot from the Mole-Head,
where he was to fufFer. But he was firft conducted to the Palace, that he

might

Ihe History <?/ Algiers. '54*

might be viewed by the Bajba, and all there prefent : Which they did
feemingly in a Bravado, to fhew their Zeal, and how little they valued
their Money, when the Prophet's Caufe was concerned : For in thofe Days>
the Morifcoes had near as much ado to prevail with the People, among
whom they were daily feeking Refuge, to think them good Mujfulmans^
as had then and ftill have the very Renegadoes themfelves. Notwithftand-
ing this Teeming Difintereftednefs, feveral Perfons, as of their own Ac-
cord, went about collecting from Morning till Five in the Evening, all
which while the poor Priefi was in a clofe Dungeon. This not only
amafled a good Sum towards Reimburfement of Cofts, &c. but fo pub-
liihed theBuflnefs, that Algiers was thronged with People from the whole
Neighbourhood. All Obftacles now removed, the Victim was fetched our,
in the fame Drefc he had on when taken, fo many Months before, thus de-
fcribed by my Author : A large travelling Hat * a Frock and Breeches of
black Serge, much torn, darned and patched ; a Shirt and Linen Waift-
coat, ill Rags, and not very clean 5 and, on his Legs a pair of old Boots,
of black Leather. Infinite Crouds waited his Appearance 5 and at his
firft Sally his Hat was knocked off, fo that he went all the Way bare*
headed. So furious were the Mob, that the Turks and Cbiaufes were for-
ced to ply their Cudgels very vigoroufly* otherwife he would have been
torn Piece-meal before he got half-way to the Stake. Cajhetta, as chief
Mourner, kept clofe to him all the Way, and failed not of fome of the
popular Benevolence : For the Mob, becaufe they could not come at the
Papafs, fent him what miffive Weapons the Kennels afforded. Some of
the moft daring would venture a broken Pate, to have a Thump or a
Pluck at him.' In all which, by what Obfervations may be made

here, one may fancy the Scene would be the very fame, if a Francif-
can Frier, or any of thofe Gentry, with Beards, Frocks and Shorn

Crowns, were catched in London Streets. Arrived at the Iron Stake,

Cajbetta, who (luck clofe to him as a Bur, affifted by the Cbiaufes^ tied
his Hands behind with a ftrong Cord, and then fattened him to the Stake
with a Chain about his Middle. Having defired the 'Turks and Cbiaufes to
drive back the prefling Croud, that all might behold his Gallantry and
noble Revenge, with dire Execrations, he caught the Martyr by his
long Beard with both Hands, tugging moil: furioufly with his whole
Might j infomuch, that he brought away a good Part of ir. This Ex-
ploit done, he took up a large Bundle of Furz, of which a good Quan-

l tity

s j The History ^Algiers;

tity lay ready to kindle the Wood, and getting it fired, he therewith
finged the poor Patient's Face, till the Fcwel was confumed. Then,
hurried on by his Fury, he took a Method to fhortcn his Vi&im's Suf-
ferings, quite different from what he had all along defigned, which,
we may fuppofe, was to make him fuffer as much as pofiible : For,
foatching up a great Stone, he threw it at him] with his whole
Force. This being taken by the reft as a Cue, they all followed his Ex-
ample > fo that the battered Martyr's Body was foon more than half bu-
ried in a Heap of Stones. Removing them, they covered it over with
Wood , and foon reduced it to Afhes. As the Fire grew low, they
began again to ftone even thofe wretched Remains, with the fame
Fury as before : And a certain Morifco was much remarked, for having, as
a Token of his extraordinary Zeal, lugged thitker, from a good Diftance,
a very large Fragment of a Mill- Stone, as much as he could poflibly move
under, which, with a loud Huzza, he call amidft the yet burning Pile.
Next Morning, fome Cbriftians, attempting to pick up the fcattered
Bones of this Martyr, were driven away with Showers of Stones and
Curfes by the Morifcoes, left there in Guard 5 who, malicioufly, kicked
mod of thofe precious Relics into the Sea. " However, concludes Haedoy
fi the Night following, other good Cbriftians got a Parcel of them: And,
<c as they lay on board the VefTels of their Patrons, they had Opportu-
" nity, privately to dig a Hole,. in the fame Place where the Almighty's
cc Servant had fuffered Martyrdom, and wherein they interred them all,
" except fome few which they preferved out of Devotion } and whereof^
" as they were my particular Friends, I had alfo my Share. " The un-
fortunate F. Miguel was of a middling Stature, and good Proportion:
His Vifagc and Eyes large, his Nofe long, Beard half- grey, and was aged
about fifty. Whatever lingering Death was defigned him, he was
much foonerout of his Pain than, generally fpeaking, are thofe condemn-
ed to the Flames by the Inquifitors. The Morifioes did not learn that Part
of their Trade in Africa-, having had mod excellent Matters in the Land
of their Nativity. Among many direful Tales I have both read and
heard of, I cannot forbear mentioning what was told me by a Gentleman
of our Nation, who chanced to be at Lisbon, not many Years fince, at
an Auto de Fe. A Convict, Perfevering Jew, feated fo high above the
Pile of Wood, that the Flame fcarce reached his Knees, and having had,
according to Cuftom, bis Beard made, as they word it, that is finged

z with

The History- of Algiers 551

with flaming Broom or Furz, ftuck upon a Pole, having fo continued,
with his Legs and Feet roafting, upwards of three Quarters of an Hour,
at length calling his Eyes upon the King's Brother, he called out aloud to
that Prince : " Is this juft or reafonable, O Prince ? For my Crimes I am
" condemned to be burned : But does not your Highnefs behold, that I
' am at this time broiling ? " All the Redrefs or Reply he got, was the
having his Beard made over again.

For the Reafons before- hinted, I have been the more minute in this Re-
lation : Nor does my Author give any more Inftances of Morifco Cruelty.
All Circumftances duly weighed and confidered, one would admire, that
Barbary has not been all along abundantly more productive of Inquifitors :
For it muft be acknowledged, that they come very far Ihort of their op-
pofite Neighbours, not only in Numbers but in Exquifitenefs. -But to
our Hiilory. ,

CHAP. XIV.

Bash a XIX. XX. Hassan Bash a, 'Venedic; a
Renegado Venetian: The firft Time of his Ad-

' miriiftration. Jafer'Aga, b Ma jar: A Eunuch

Renegado Hungarian.

r ^" ^HE Perfon we are next to treat of, and of whom Mention has
1 been already made, in the Life of Ramadam Sardo, his PredcceiTbr,
was captivated in his Youth, by the famous Dragut Rah in Perfon, who,
not without flout Refiftance, became Mailer of the Ragufian VeiTel, on
board which this Venetian Boy, named Andretto^ was Servant to the
Captain's Clerk. Dragut carried his Prize to Tripoly, of which Place he
was then Vice -Roy. In the Partition, Jndretto fell to the Share of

- 1 .... 1

* So the Turki call a Femtian. * And fo a Native of Hungary.

a fimple

5j2 The History of Algiers.

a fimple Levent, or Soldier in a Galeor, who foon caufed him to become
a MuJJulman, and named him Hajfan. Upon his Patron's Demife,
he devolved to Dragut : Who being killed at Malta, his Eftate fell
to All BaJIja, Fartas, and among all the reft, this young Renegado.
As he was naturally fubtil, bold, infinuating and prefumptuous, he fo
won upon that Bajha, that he became a very great Favourite. He foon
made him his Haznadar, or Treafurer, which Port of Truft and Profit he
held all the while he was Bajha of Algiers, and fome Time after. While
he fcrved this Captain- Bajha in that Capacity, he never failed giving great
Proofs of his Ambition, fingular Avarice, and unquiet Difpofition. He
would ever be interfering in the Affairs of every Officer and Domeftic
belonging to his Patron, domineering over all to the very utmoft of his
Power, and to the frequent trying the Admiral's Patience, whofe Ears
were daily dinned with Complaints. This caufed him to be univerfally
hated. As for the Slaves and inferior Renegadoes, they dreaded and de-
tefted him like a Daemon. Alt Bajha, quite tired, in order to remove
him from being always tyrannizing over his Menial Servants, made him
Captain of a Galley. Whenever the Fleet went out, with his wonted
Impudence and Impertinence, in fpite of all Oppofers, he would flock
his Banks with the very beft Rowers -, who were fure to be ten times
worfe ufed than any in the whole Armada ; It being his infolent Ambi-
tion ever to be foremoft. In 15*74. he was at the taking the Goletta:
From which Time he never fuffered his Patron to reft a Moment, being
perpetually wheedling and teazing him to procure for him the Vice-
Royalty of Algiers: Who, weary of his Importunity, at length begged it
for him of the Sultan. But, being no Stranger to his Untowardnefs, he
forefaw the Confequences, and ftricUy advifed him to take Care, left he
brought an old Houfe upon his Heady as he himfelf had done at Algiers, and of
which he had been an Eye-Witnefs. At his Departure, he gave him a
fine Galley, called S. John, taken from the Knights of Malta, and ap-
pointed him a Convoy of fix others , two of them Galeots. He likewife
gave him feveral of his own Renegadoes ; who, fo commanded by their
Patron, were obliged to go with him, tho' extremely againft the Incli-
nation of the Majority : Infomuch that fome of them actually formed
a Confpiracy to murder him, and efcape with his Galley to Cbrijlendom - 9
as not doubting in the lead but that they fhould readily be feconded by
the whole Crew of Slaves, who had no lefs Reafon than themfelves to

defirc

The History a/Algiers. 5 5)

defire Revenge upon that Tyrant j efpecially fince by that Means they
would bid fair towards the Recovery of their Liberty.

The Contrivers of this were four Renegado Greeks, whofe Names were
Shadban, Toufouf, Moufi and Rejep. Three Chriftians only were abfo-
Jutely let into the Secret; two Italians and a Sicilian Surgeon, who then
ferved the Bajha in that Capacity, as he had before done the Garrifon ac
the Goletta, where he was made Captive. By Agreement, Toufouf and
.Moufa had four Sabres and twelve Daggers concealed in the Velvet
Quilts they lay upon ; and all their Meafures were very well concert-
ed. The Surgeon had provided a good Quantity of Granadoes, &c.
But before they had reached the Morea, thofe Renegadoes quarreled about
a Catamite, and the whole Affair mifcarried j which I particularly men.
tion, becaufe F. Haedo, who relates the Story at length, and affirms the
fame, fcruples not to give them a Place in his Lift 4 of Martyrs. The
Captains of the fix Convoys were, I. Muftafa Rais, a Renegado Tufcan,
an expert Sea- man 5 Commodore of that Squadron. z.Mabamed Rais> a
Renegado German j captivated by the Algerines at Moftaganem, in which
unfortunate Campaign he ferved the Spaniards as a Drummer. 3. Toufouf
Rats, nick-named c Borrafquillo, a Renegado Genouefe 5 noted for his Cru-
elty to Chriftians, 4. Ufain Rais, a Renegado Sicilian ; whofe Galley be-
longed to the Captain- Bajha. f. Delli Memmi Rais, in his own Galeot, a
Renegado Greek j whofe Family was at Algiers, and who came Commifli-
oned from the Sultan, to be Admiral of all the Corfairs belonging to that
Stite. 6, Memmi Rais, in his Galeot: The fame who fo cruelly revenged
the Death of his Patron, Kara Hajfan. Being near the fmall, defolate
IflandJ named Del Ovo, and the four Confpirators making merry, and
feemingly in perfect Harmony and Friendfliip, " The Devil, fays F.
" Haedo, the profeffed Enemy of all Goodnefs, brought it about, that
thefe Renegadoes, on account of a certain Boy, came to high Words,
" and fell a quarreling in good Earned. " Shadban, who feemed to have
moll Wrong done him, left the Cabbin in a Fury. By his Countenance,
the others had Reafon to apprehend, not only his Defertion of the
Caufe, but even, that he would make a Difcovery. However, they kept
their Seats, waiting the Event. As they feared, fo it happened : For he went

e The Spanijb Diminutive of Borrafca, a Storm. So they call any little turbulent Fellow.

Vol. II. B b b b imrac-

554 Tto History of Algiers.

immediately to Hajfan JBaJba, acquainting him with the whole Affair.
They, and the three Chriftians, with others he had accufed, were inflanily
feized and fettered. Some fay, that this Sbadban had made the Difcovery
before they - left Conftantinople > and that Hajfan Bajha difTembled till he
was got far enough from his Patron, the Captain- Bajh a; who, he feared,
would have prevented his Vengeance. Next Day, towards Evening,
catling Anchor before Mahafta, in the Morea, he put in Execution what
he had defigned. Toufouf was hanged up by the left Arm naked, upon
the Yard, and fhot at with Arrows. As he amain invoked Christ, the
Virgin and Saints^ the Bajba, who from the Poop was looking on, and
{hooting now and then an x^rrow, called out to him: " Why Toufouf^
" loufouff What art thou about? Why dofl thou not call upon the
" Prophet Mahomet? " To which, fays my Author, this Martyr^ calling
towards him a furious Look, replied : " What the Devil doll thou tell
" me of thy Impollor? He was as vile a Tray tor, and a Scoundrel as thy
" felf! Tell me no more of thy Mthomet / " Upon this, the Bajha^
forks and Renegadoes (thefe lad to curry Favour and gain a Character) be-
gan to let fly their Shot and Arrows like Hail. The Martyr invoked as
long as he had Speech, and when he could utter no longer^ made CrofTes
with his Fingers, and killed them fervently, tiji fye expired. Soon after
he was call into the Sea. So ended one of thefe Martyrs. While they
were fhooting at Toufouf, the Bajha caufeci Moufa to be flripped naked,
and fattened to a Board laid in a Boat ; and then his Arms and Legs being
tied with ft rong Ropes, he was torn Piece-Meal by four Gallies.. My
Author feems dubious whether this Martyr died a good Catholic or not 5
fince he was not heard to utter a fingle Syllable. Nor feems he lefs du-
bious concerning Rejep^ the third of thefe Sufferers, who faid not a Word
while they were (licking his Body full of Arrows, but 5 " O Traytor
" Sbadban/" He was hanged by the Right Arm over the Poop of a
Galley, at Modon. Had it not been for the Interceffion of Turks and
Renegadoes, the Bajha would have facrificed feveral more : But, being
much importuned, they were all pardoned. We muft now conduct our
new BaJIja to Algiers -, whither he arrived June zp, if 77*

The firft Step taken by this infolent.i?/& (who built too much upon
his Patron's Credit and Interefl) was "to compel all who had any Cap-
tives, from whom good Ranfoms might be expected, to fell them to him
at little more than prime Coli Thus he ferved every one of the chief

Styve-

The History of Algiers. 555

Slave- Mongers, Morifcoes, Moors, Turks, Renegadoes and all, even his
Predeceflbr Ramadam Sardo. For Peace and Quietnefs, or, indeed, in
Regard to the Captain-Bafha, they long acquiefced to this audacious and
uncommon Procedure. Al-Caid Mahamed, furnamed Chi/out, or the Jew,
alone had the Refolution to oppofe fuch Injuftice 5 which coil three of
his Slaves, a Knight of Malta and two Priefts, a four Years fevere and
comfortlefs Captivity, fhut up in a loathfome Dungeon. His next Ex-
ploit was to exact a Fifth, inftead of the ufual Seventh, from all Prizes
taken by the Corfairs : Nor would he licence any "of the Armadores either
to build or repair Veflels, without taking him in Partner ; he contribut-
ing his Quota of the Expences. He alfo bought up vaft Quantities of
Corn, which at that Time began to be very fcarce, employing People to
make Bread and fell it upon his own Account ; and likewife Oil, Butter,
Honey, Fruit, and even Roots : Infomuch that, afterwards, thejanifaries told
him, in his Teeth j " That there was nothing to be had in the Markets,
" but what was his, except Onions and Cabbages. " Not fatisfied with
giving fuch uncommon Tokens of his Avarice at home, he increafed the
Tributes of all his Arab and African Subjects abroad : And to render thofe
Exactions ftill lefs tolerable (there being a great Dearth throughout the
whole Region, which continued during the three Years of his Admini-
ftration) he would not receive his Lifma, or Tribute, in any thing but
Wheat and Barley j which he afterwards fold all over the Country, per-
haps to the very Owners, for more than double what he had allowed for
thofe Commodities. More than all this, he would needs turn Butcher ;
buying up great Droves of Cattle, which were retailed out in feveral
Shops to the Profit of this (hamelefs Vice-Roy. Nor (lopped his Im-
pudence there : For he emploied many People to change his Gold and Sil-
ver Money into Afpers of Algiers (Plate being much cheaper there than
jn the Levant) caufing them to be privately melted down, in the Palace,
by fome working Silver-Smiths, his own Slaves, who recoined the Bul-
lion, bafely alloied, into Turky Money, and even into Algiers Afpers,
fcarce half fo good as before. He would not fuffer any Slave to be either
publicly or privately difpofed of, without being firft brought to him,
that he might judge what might farther be made of him : H he fanciej
any thing was to be got, he paid the Owner his Price, and then took
his own Method 5 by which Means he got many thoufands of Ducats.
The Eafhas of Algiers (as do now the Deys) ufed always to farm out the

B b b b 2 Wax

$$6 The History of Algiers.

Wax and Hides $ which arc the principal Branches of their Commerce
with the European Traders. Thofe Farmers alone have Liberty to buy or
fell thefe Commodities. This Merchandize he alfo kept in his own
Hands* nor wanted he Emiflaries capable enough of managing all thefe
Affairs to the beft Advantage. All Cbriftian Merchants, when they ar-
rive at Algiers, upon paying the ufual Duties, have free Leave to land
their Goods, and difpofe of them at Pleafurej and if the Vice- Roy (or at
prefent the Dey) himfelf wanted any thing, he muft pay as all others*
But Hajfan Bajba acted quite differently : For he firft made very fare of
his Duties, and then failed not to take away juft what he thought fit $
when after a tedious Delay, and abundance of Equivocation and Put- off",
he would oblige the Trader to take rotten, damaged Hides, which had
long lain upon his Hands, and very glad he could get even any thing at all
from this unfair-dealing Merchant- Bajba* Tho' Algiers was, certainly,
never fo miferable and fcandalous as in his Time, yet the Turks (to the ge-
neral Amazement of all Beholders) bore with their infufferabie Bajba with
uncommon Patience, till he began to curtail even upon their long-efta-
blifhed Stipends. Then, indeed, they rouzed from their unufual Lethargy,
and began to look about them, taking the Methods mentioned in the Life
of Ramadam Sardc. But before we come to that, let us examine farther
into his Conduct. Such Cbriftian Captives , to whomfoever belonging,
as were caught endeavouring' to efcape, when brought into his Prefence,
he ordered them to be fecured as his own Property. If the Owners came
to demand them (as fome timorous People would not) he fent for the
Slaves, and caufed them to be mod unmercifully drubbed in his Sight, of
which feveral actually died upon the Spot, or foon after* and not content
with that, he would, Burcher-like, cut off their Ears and. Nofes with
his own Hand?, or caufe it to be done in his Prefence : Nothing of which
happened if the Patrons of thofe Fugitives forbore" re-demanding them j as
feveral did, merely to prevent fuch Inhumanity, fince they were not there-
by to reap any Advantage. The Turks ufed to call this Bajba (the very
worft and mod perverfe the Algerines ever had, or perhaps ever will have)
Alt Bajba's Legacy, left them as] a Scourge, in Revenge for their having
fo d infulted and put him on the Scamper. Having cart: a greedy Eye upon

* Look back to P. 496.

4 a very

The History of Algiers. 55?

a very pretty Catalonian Veflel , and nine Chrijiians its Equipage, he
fuborned (fays Haedo) certain Turks (as it afterwards evidently appeared) fo
to contrive it, that two Catalan Slaves were conveyed aboard, and there
concealed. Then fending to fearch the Veflel, and finding them there, he
confifcated Ship and Cargo 5 clapping the nine Catalans in Irons aboard
his own Galley. He hanged a Negro Slave of his in his own Bed-Cham-
ber, being accufed of a trifling Theft : It is even faid, that he hanged
him with his own Hands. Some Portuguefe Fathers having brought a Li-
fnofna, of 14000 Pieces of Eight, to redeem Captives of that Nation, the
Money being opened in his Prefence, and he perceiving it to be all in*
Spanijb full-weight Dollars and Half-Dollars (of which Species confider-
able Profit is to be made throughout the Eaftern Parts of the World)
without farther Ceremony, he feized the whole, and paid the Fathers at
^Leifure, juft as hepleafed, and in what Coin he thought fit, to their very
great Lofs and Hinderance. All this, and much more fuch-like, occafi-
oned the Generality of the People, as well Turks as Moors, &c. publicly
to call to Heayen for Vengeance againft this intolerable Tyrant, whofe
Avarice was infatiable. April 2. 157P. as the Citizens, &V. were walk-
ing in Proceffion to implore Rain, the chief Morabboth,, who headed
them, told him to his Face 5 " That the Famine with which God had
" afflicted the Country was intirely owing to him, and fent purely on ac-
" count of his Enormities. "

Before we proceed to the Remainder of this Bajha's untoward Admi-
nistration, we will advance fome Particulars concerning Morat Rats, a
Corfair who flourifhed in thefe Times, and made a Figure too remarkable
to be pa(Ted over in Silence. He was diftinguifhed from another e Morat
Rats, his Contemporary, by the Epithet Grande, as was the other by
that of Chico. Being a Native of Albania, or Epirus, he had the additi-
onal Surname of f Arnaud. His Parents were Chrijiians. In his twelfth
Year, he fell into the Hands of a very noted Algerine Corfair, named Kara
Ali ; who making a Mujfulman of his young Albanefe, and finding him
to be of a daring, fprightly Genius, took great Delight in him, and foon
gave him the Command of a Galeot, in which he always accompanied his
Patron, and never failed fhewing indifputable Tokens of his Courage and
fuperior Capacity, far exceeding his Years : " Ever, adds Haedo, giving

e Look back to P. 521. * VUk Ibid.

558 The History of Algiers,

M an extraordinary good Account of himfelf, acting like a Man of Valour
and undaunted Refolution, as he has fince evidently proved himfelf to be
in a ftill more convincing Manner. " In ifo"f . being yet a young Man,
he gave his Patron the Slip, from the Siege of Malta, and went upon
the Cruife, in the Galeot of which he had given him the Command.
Palling clofe by the little defolate Ifland Piano/a, next the Ifland Elba,
near Piomhino, in Tufcany, he unfortunately fplit his Galeot upon a Rock >
but had the good Luck, or rather the Addrefs, to fave every thing of
Value, lofing only the empty Shell. Conveying all he had faved into a
large Cave, he remained there, with his whole Equipage, &c. undifco-
vered very near forty Days : When four Algerine Galeots, cafually palling
that Way, he imbarked all his Effects, and got fafc to Algiers, where he
found his Patron returned from Malta, That Corfair, to chaftife Morat
Rais for going away without his Leave, (tripped him of all the Slaves he
had brought back from his Shipwreck. This (lung Morat to the Quick:
And having dill a moft violent Itch for the Cruifing Trade, and deter-
mined either to recover his Lofles, or periuYin the Attempt, without fub-
mitting to crave any Affiftance from his Patron (who loved him too well
to have denied him) he fitted out, to the very beft Advantage, a large
Brigantine (or rather a fmall Galeot, it having fifteen Banks on each Side)
and rowed away over to the Coalr. of Spain ; from whence, on the feventh
Day from his Departure, he returned with three laden Spanijb Brigantines,
bound to Oran, and in them -140 Cbrifiians. This lucky Hit fet him up
again, got him abundance of Reputation among the Algerines in general,
and fo far reconciled him to his Patron, that he foon after gave him an-
other Galeot : Saying} " He deferved a Galeot, fince he could make
" fuch Voyages with a Brigantine. The firft Time he went out in that
Veflel was with All Bajba, s when he took the three Maltefe Gallies, upon
the Coaft of Sicily. The Bajba, upon that Occafion, could fcarce for-
bear killing Morat Rais, for his Prefumption in offering to board the
S. Ann, which alone refilled, before the Bajba's Galley was ready :
Which would have been, he faid, no other than robbing him of the
Glory of that Exploit." And he only pafTed it by, out of Regard
to Kara AH, his Patron. This Kara Alt afterwards removed to Conftanti-
vople } and his Renegado Morat remained at Algiers, and became a mod for-

8 Look back to P. 494.

midable

The History ^Algiers. 559

midable Corfair, being continually doing infinite Damages to Chri/tendom :
" And all his Attempts, adds my Author, were attended withfuch ftrange
" Succefles, that, we may venture to fay, he was one of the greater!
" Corfairs Algiers ever produced, and a Perfon who, for our Sins, did
" more Harm to the Cbrifiians than any other.* 1 In January 1^78. he
let out with eight Galeots, moftly his own, and coaftcd along the Barbary
.Shore as high as Port Farine, belonging to Tunis. There the bad Wea-
ther kept him in two Months. Thence he cut over to the Calabrian
Coaft, where for feveral Days he did nothing but fkulk up and down in
certain Creeks. One Morning being off Policaftro, he difcovered two
Sicilian Gallies, bound to Spain, with the Duke Di Terra-nuova, late
Vice-Roy of that Ifland. Morat immediately gave them Chace. One
of them, named S. Angelo, taking out to Sea, was hotly purfued and
eafily carried by fix of the eight Galeots. The other, which was the
Capitana of Sicily, on which were the Duke and his Retinue, being juft
ready to be attacked by Morat, and his remaining Conforr, ran a-ground
on the Ifland Capri. Molt of the PafTengers and Equipage faved them-
felves afhore, but the Remainder, with the Galley and all the Slaves, be-
came an eafy Prize. The carrying thofe two Gallies to Algiers was no
Blot in this notable Corfair's Character. The Admiral-Galley of Sicily,
being a very beautiful VefTel, was eyed by the greedy Bajha, who fitted
her out for his own Ufe, and turned the S. Angelo into a Punton, to flop
up that Part of the Pier which was broken down by the Dafhing of the

"Waves in the laft Winter's tempeftuous Weather. We fhall foon have

farther Occafion to fpeak of Morat Rats, who in thofe Days was the very
Life of all the Barbary Corfairs. But let us now examine into fpme Feats
of Prowefs and Merit of this Bajha, on whom we have hitherto been
bellowing fo vile a Character.

Ambitious of gaining a Name among the Cbriftians, and of being
thought a great Corfair, foon after this, viz. towards the end of July
1578. he fet out on the Cruife with twenty two Gallies and Galeots, and
four good Briganiines. Landing on the Ifland Mayorca, where he began
to commit the ufual Ravages, he was repulfed by a ftrong Body of Ca-
valry from the City, and others i fo that he could only bring off abou c
thirty Captives, moftly Women and Children. From the Ifland Iviza,
where he was alfo repulfed, he brought off about fixty. Near Alicante
he took a rich Ship coming from Genoua, which, with ninety Chrijliam
- 4 on

.j6b 75&<? History ^/Algiers.

on board her, he carried to Algiers, whither he arrived the twelfth Day
after his Departure. This was the only Sea Expedition he made during
this firft Time of his Adminiftration. Soon after, hearing of the mighty
warlike Preparations K. Philip If. of Spain was making againft Portugal
(to which Crown, upo#the difaftrous Death of Don Sebafiian in Africa^
that Monarch was the chief Pretender, and carried his Point) he ftrongly
fafpe&cd thofe Armaments to be defigned for Algiers, Thefe Apprehen-
fions fo rouzed him, that the Algerines are on that Score really his Debt-
ors. For, not to mention trifling Repairs, he fet to work all the Cbri-
fiians, Jews, and even the Moors of Algiers in building that Caftle on the
Hill, which now goes by his Name, and which the Europeans call the
h Emperor* s Cafth: The round Fort within this fquare Caftle was before
built by the former Ha fan Bajha, in the very Spot where Charles V.
pitched his Pavilion, as has been elfewhere obferved. More may be faid
of this Fortrefs in the Topography. It muft be owned, that this ill-
contrived Bajha was extremely vigilant and indefatigably diligent on all
thofe Occaftons. He wrote Letter upon Letter to the Sultan and his Pa-
tron the Captain- Bajb a, to prepolTels them in his Favour, in cafe he fhould
be attacked by the Armada. Till it appeared that the Armaments of the
Catholic King were bent only againft Portugal, he would fhut himfelf up,
Hours on a Stretch, with every Spaniard, of any Figure, who had the
ill Fortune to be brought in thither : But all thofe his Endeavours wer c
to very little Purpofe j the Movements of that defigning, ambiguous Prince
being impenetrable. And, becaufe he had Intelligence, that the Sber if of the
fingitana was treating an Alliance with the Spaniards, which muft needs
prove detrimental to the Ottoman Intereft, he failed not to fend him the
principal Morabbotb of Algiers, a Perfon highly venerated for his Sanctity,
to ufe his utmoft Infinuations to difluade that Prince from profecuting fo
mi'Muffulman-\ikc a Treaty.

Notwithftanding all this, his ill Qualities fo counter-ballanced his Me-
rit, in the Eyes of all, except his immediate Creatures and Dependents,
that the EmbafTy mentioned in P. fif. was difpatched to the Porte,*and
the whole State impatiently waited the Return of their Deputies, by
whom they hoped for the joyful and much-wifhed-for News of their be-
loved Ramadam Sardo's Reftoration. That Galcot reached not Conftan-

1 Vide Vol. II. P. 3 * 5 .

tinopl*

7he History of Algiers 50*1

tlnople till the End of January i fSo. The Captain- Baft) a, hearing of the
grievous Complaints brought againft his Favourite Renegado, ufed his
whole Intereft with thofe Embafladors to engage them to Silence : But in
vain j for they knew who they had to deal with at their Return : Nor
were they forgetful of the Exorbitancics of him they came to accufc.
The Sultan afliired them, that the Offender fliould not fail of his due Re-
ward : And that Monarch, being determined to fend the Algerines a Per-
fon every Way qualified for that important Poft, rejected Ramadam Sardo,
for whom they fo earneftly intreated, as being of too mild a Difpofition,
and wrote immediately to his old Eunuch, Jafer Aga, who was then
Bajh a in fome Part of his native Country, Hungary. To all Appearance,
Hajfan Bafba's Ruin was now inevitable. But he being crafty, while all
this was tranfacting in the Seraglio, and the Captain- Bajh a, himfelf, not-
withstanding his mighty Intereft, began to defpair, and to think the Cafe
of his incorrigible and too-much-favoured Renegado quite defperate, he
had the Addreis fo to fuborn,or wheedle feveral of the principal Al-Caids,
Shiekhs, and other Perfons of Note at Algiers, that, having drawn up
a Counter-Information, much in his own Favour, they all figned it.
He induftrioufly took Care to fend away to his Patron j. and it
reached his Hands, even before Jafer Aga's Arrival at Conftantinople, from
Hungary. With Joy, and a Diligence even more than paternal, that in-
dulgent Admiral hafted to the Sultana, Mother to the reigning Emperor
of the Ottomans 5 fhewing her the faid Teftimonial : Intreating her Me-
diation in Behalf of his wrongfully and malicioufly accufed Renegado 5
and with a true Oriental Policy and Prudence, corroborating his Argu-
ment with the prevalent Language of a Purfe with 50000 Gold Ducats.
This engaged that Sultana not only to mollify her incenfed Son, fo far as to
engage him to promife her, that in cafe the accufed Baftia was but moderately
guilty, he (hould notlofe his Head, but alfo to charge her faithful old Servant,
Jafer Aga, to favour him as much as poffible. Nor did the cautious Cap-
tain-BaJha omit prefenting that Eunuch with 10000 Ducats, towards de-
fraying the Cofts of his Voyage, &c. The Sultana's pofitive Injuncti-
ons, backed by Ali Bafha'% opportune Liberality, went a great Way in
this Affair: But the Sultan as pofitively injoined the Hungarian to do
ftri&Juftice; and not to deviate from his long-known Character.

Some Months before this, viz. in April if 80, Moral Rats, with one
of his own and another Galcor, going on the Cruifc, on the Coaft of

Vol. II. C c c c Tufcany,

5^2, The History of Algiers.

Tufcany, difcovered at Anchor two Gallies belonging to Gregory XIII.
On one of them , which was the Capitana, was that Pope's newly-created
Admiral, who came thither to take his Pleafure, in Port S* Stephano.
Morals Mouth watered at the Sight j but the Match was fomewhat too
unequal. While he was deliberating whether he ihould venture upon
thofe Gallies or not, he was feafonably joined by two other Algerine Gale-
ots. Thus re-inforced, the infidious Morat caufed the new Comers to
lower their Mails : When taking one of the Galeots in Tow, as did his
Confort the other, they began to pull away towards the Gallies j who,
little expecting fuch a Vifit, lay very fecure 5 mod of the Officers being
afhore. Thofe in the Gallies, feeing the Corfairs approach, foon knew
what they were: But as they feemed to be but two, their Apprehenfion
"Was not great 5 rather wondering at their Impudence in daring to appear
in Sight of an Enemy fo fuperior. But the Scene inftantly changed :
For, with very little Difficulty, Morat and his Aflbciates towed away both
his Kolinefs's Gallies: Prizes not only honourable but beneficial} there
being ftill on board a good Number of Cbrifiians, befides fomc hundreds
at the Oar, many of whom were Priefts, Monks and Friers, there put
not for their Goodnefs. The reft were Turks and Moors; who, doubt-
lefs, were not difpleafed at the Adventure. Some of the Equipage got
away in the Boats. Hajfan Bajha took the Admiral-Galley to himfelf,
and of the other he made a Punton.

A. D* 1 ySo. Not long afteT this, viz. at the End of Auguft, arrived
Jafer Aga : Which new Bajba, being fo prepared before he fet out, as
has been intimated, took very little Cognizance of the Matter, but dif-
fered his Predecefibr quietly to depart, with his Treafures and numerous
Retinue of Renegadoes, &c. on his own four Gallies, exceedingly well
manned with Cbrifiians-, which he did, araidft the Peoples Execrations,
and accompanied by the feven Levant Gallies, which came with the new
Vice-Roy, on the 19 th of the enfuing September. As wefhall have Oc.
cafion to treat of fhis malignant Bajba, when we fhall again find him of-
ficiating as Vice-Roy of Algiers, we fhall now only obferve, that thro'
the Intercft of his Patron the Captain- Bafta and the Sultana, he came
off Scot-free, tho* not without loofening his Purfe, which was well
crammed with ill-got Wealth. He had tyrannized over that State about
three Years and a Quarter.

The History of Algiers. s*l

We have hinted, that during almoft the whole Time of his Govern-
ment, the Country was afflicted with a grievous Famine, infomuch that
prodigious Multitudes of Moors perimed thro* mere Neceflity. Haedo
relates that, in if 80. from January 17. to February 27. in the Streets of
Algiers alone f6f6 poor Moors and Arabs died of pure Hunger j on all
whom, and abundance of others before, the Bajha, with a Generofity
unufual to him, bellowed a coarfe Winding-Sheet. He farther remarks^
that in all that Time of Dearth, out of the many thoufands of Captives
with which Algiers is always crouded, not one Cbriftian died thro' Want:
" Such Care, adds he, the Almighty took of His Own People. " When
Haffan Bajba left Algiers, this firft Time, he was in his thirty fifth Year.
He was tall and (lender. His Eyes were large and fleihy, with an Afpect
furious. His Nofe was thin, {harp and long} his Mouth fmall and Lips
very thin. He had Chefnut-brown Hair, and not a very large Beard. Of
Complexion he was much inclining to Yellow : " All Tokens, adds this
" Author, of his malignant Difpoiition. " By a Sclavonian Renegada he
had a Son, born at Algiers, which died within the Year, as, about the
fame Time, did a Nephew of his, who came from Venice to make him a
Vifit, and who, becoming a Mujfulman, was by him highly favoured and
efteemed. He interred them both under a very curious Dome, without
Beb-al-ffeyd. He left a Daughter, three Years of Age, who was born at
Algiers -, concerning whom I find no farther Mention.

In the firft Year of his Adminiftration, at once he got fifteen Captives*
able to difburfe confiderable Sums for their Ranfoms : By four or five of
them, indeed, he was no great Gainer in the End. Thefe were twelve
Spanijh and three May or can Gentlemen, who being Slaves to different Pa-
trons, all demanding high Prices, were defirous of leaving thofe avaricious
Dealers, in Human Flefti, with the Dog to hold. The Contriver of all
was one Don Miguel de Cervantes, a gallant, enterprifing Cavalier Spa-
niard, who, tho' he never wanted Money, could not obtain a Releafe.
A bold Mariner of Mayor ca, named Viana, having then ranfomed himfelf,
Don Miguel and the reft agreed with him to fetch them off by Night in
a Brigantine ; fending by him Letters to the Vice-Roy of Mayorca, de-
firing his Afilftance. This Mayorcan undertook the Affair. Upon his
Departure, the Remainder of thofe fifteen Gentlemen abfconded in a Gar-
den, or Vine- Yard, near the Sea, appertaining to Al-Caid Hajfan (for
feveral were there fome Months before) a Rcnegado Greek, where, un-

C c c c z known

5(5+ The History of Algiers.

known to the Owner, they were concealed in a Cave, and carefully watch-
ed by that Renegade's Gardiner, who Was a Captive Ghriftian. Don Mi-
guel's Purfe lupplied them with NecefFaries, daily brought them by a
Spmifi Slave, known only by the Name of El Dorador, or the Gilder - t
who, except the faid Gardiner, alone was let into the Secret, and who,
with the other, was to accompany them in their Efcape. Almoit, mira-
culoufly, they had all that Time efcaped their Owners moft diligent Search,
and were quite given over. Viana punctually complied with his Promife
and Obligation } and, at the Vice-Roy's Colt, foon came with a well-ap-
pointed Brigantine. But,juft as he was putting afliore, in the dead Time
of a very dark Night, certain Moors, unluckily happening to pafs thac
Way, raifed the Alarm, and he found himfelf obliged to return, reinfecla.
As the Cave was moift, fome of thofe Captive Gentlemen began to want
Health, and all of them to be in Defpair at this tedious Delay, fo con-
trary to their Expectations : For many Days had pafTed, and they heard
nothing of that Difappointment. Yet ftill they entertained fome Hope of
Relief, as depending on Viana\ Probity. Their till-now-faithful Emif-
fary, the Gilder, commenced Villain. Repairing to the Palace, he ex-
preffed his Defire of becoming a Muj/ultnan. And farther to ingratiate
himfelf with the Bajha, from whom, and perhaps from the Owners of
thofe Captives, if they ever got them,* noble Reward might be expected, he
made an ample Difcovery. This was Mufic to Hajfan Bajha, who had
already fwallowed thofcloft Captives as lawful Prize. Sending immedi-
ately for the Guardian- Bajhee, he ordered him to take a fufficient Party of
armed Men, and follow the perfidious Judas* The Gardiner was firft
feized, and then all thofe in the Cave. As the Bajka had ordered, parti-
cular Care was taken of Don Miguel de Cervantes ; a Perfon he much de-
lired to call his own. This Gentleman's Character is very remarkable j and
according to Haedo, the Adventures of that noble Captive, and of the
others his Aflbciates, would fill a Volume. Without farther Ceremony,
the Bajha fent them all to his Bagnio, except Cervantes, whom he re-
tained 5 omitting neither Offers, Promifes, nor Menaces, in order to in-
duce him to difcover who elfe was concerned with him in the Contrivance
of that Project : For, as the Traytor had infinuated, he would fain have
prevailed on him to accufe the aforefaid F. Oliver, who was dill there, and
from whom, with fuch a Handle, he would have extorted a round Sum
before he quitted Algiers. But that generous, noble-fpirited Spaniard,

2. far

The History ^Algiers. 565

far from acknowledging him or any other to be in the lead privy thereto,
cook the whole Management and Contrivance abfolutely upon himfelf.
When, after feveral Days Tryal, Hajfan Bajha found he could get no
more from him, either by fair or foul Means, he ordered him to be care-
fully fecured, among his other Slaves, at the Bagnio : Tho' he was after-
wards forcibly compelled to return him, and three or four more of thac
Confederacy, to their refpective Patrons. Al-Caid Hajfan, in whofe Gar-
den they had been taken, probably to clear himfelf of all Imputation, in-
ftantly repaired to the Palace, infilling ftrenuoufly to have the Bajha in-
flict fome fevere Punifhment on all the Offenders, as he would fet him art
Example on his own Slave, the Gardiner. All he could get of Hajfan
Bajha was free Leave to do what he thought fit with his own. Accord-
ingly the poor Gardiner, a Native of Navarre, was hanged up by one
Foot, and foon died, ftrangled in his own Blood. The rell efcaped with-
out Corporal Punifhment. Concerning Cervantes, my Author adds :
" It is a wonderful Cafe, how thofe Perfons could endure being fo buried
" in a Cavern, where they never faw any Light, nor breathed frefh Air
" only during the Night, fome of them feven Months, fome five, and
* c the reft lefs, all which Time they were fupported by Cervantes, at the
" extreme Hazard of his own Life, which he was four different Times
" juft upon the Point of lofing, by being Impaled, Hooked, or Burned
** alive, and all for Projects and Attempts of his to fet at Liberty great
" Numbers of Captives j and even for greater Matters : For had his For-
" tune and Succefs but correfponded with his Courage, Indullry an4
" Schemes, Algiers would at this Day have been pofTeiTed by the Chri*
u fiians 5 to nothing le(s did his Defigns afpire. " He adds, that what
occurred in the Cave, during thofe kvcn Months, deferves a particular
Hiftory. The Bajha being forced to return Cervantes to his Patron,

could not be eafy till he had purchafed that notable Slave, which he did
for foo Gold Ducats, and let him go fome Time after for double that
Money j chiefly at the ffrenuous Interceflion of a Trinitarian Father,
named F, Juan Gil, who came over to ranfom Captives. " Hajfan Bajha
" ufed to fay, concludes this Author, PVhile I hold that maimed Spaniard
" injafe Cujlody, my Vejfels, Slaves, and even my whole City, are jecure :
* l So much did he dread the Projects and Contrivances of Don Miguel dg
* Cervantes. And had he not been betrayed by his Confederates, happy
'* would have been his Captivity, tho' one of the mod wretched Thral-

" doms

555 The History *f Algiers.

c < doms that ever any one underwent at Algiers : And the only Remedy this
" Bajba could invent to guard himfelf from this formidable Slave, was to

* purchafe him of his Patron. "- It is Pity, methinks, that ffaedo is

here fo fuccindfc in what regards this enterprifing Captive.

Morat Rais, with nine Gallies and Galeots, going on Craife, met with
very little Prey, which put him and all his AfTociates much out of
Humour. They had coafted the Iflands Sicily, Sardinia, and Cor/tca to
no Purpofe, and were thinking of returning to Algiers, empty-fifted,
when a gracelefs Calabrian Slave profered Morat Rais, provided he would
give him his Liberty, to conduct him to the Place of his own Nativity,
a fraall Town near Policajtro, whence he needed not to depart without a
good Number of Captives. Morat took him at his Word, and they
brought off more than 200 of all Sorts and Ages. At their Return, the
Squadron put into Binfert, or Bifetta. On different Gallies were two
young Men, Renegadoes, and great Cronies ; one a Sicilian, the other a
Genouefe. Meeting alhore, they began to argue concerning their late Ex-
pedition. They deemed it an infufferable Villany in that infamous Wretch,
(who went now where he pleafed) to occadon the Ruin of fo many Inno-
cents; and the more fo, becaufe many of thofe unhappy People were his
own Relations, and all of them his Compatriots. They generoufly re-
folved to facrifice him to his Impiety ; and effected it by inticing him
afhore to regale him with a Collation, in a Garden. There they dif-
patched him with their Poniards : Which done, it being then Night,
they threw him in a Ditch. On board the Galley to which the Genouefe
belonged was a Countryman of his, at the Oar, for whom he had a great
Friendship. To him he difcovered the whole Fa6r, and was by him
greatly applauded. To cut (hort, they entered fo far into Difcourfe, as
to form a Combination to take fome favourable Opportunity to make a
Party and run away with the Galley. But foon after thefe two Friends
falling out, the revengeful Cbriftian difcovered the Affair, and the Rene-
gadoes were, in different Ports of the Kingdom of Tunis, cruelly put to
Death : The Genouefe was ftoned, and the Sicilian fhot full of Arrows ;
both profeffing themfelves Cbriftians. They are of the Number of Haedo's
Martyrs.

This Bajba, alfo, caufed to be drubbed to Death in his Sight a very
remarkable Spaniard, whofe Name was Cuelhr, for being the Ring-
leader of about thirty other Captives, all Spaniards, who attempted to

z run

The History 0/ Algiers. '567

run away with a Brigantine. He had a ftrange and furprifing Faculty of
running up and down any Wall with the fame Eafe as a Rat. The Re-
lation is at large in Haedo. The fame Author alfo gives a particular
Account of three Slaves, whom Admiral Arnaud Memmi mod inhumanly
difpatched under the Baftonado, only for abfenting themfelves one Voyage
from his Galley : Of thefe Martyrs, as Haedo terms them, one was French,
one a Calabrian 9 and the third a Sicilian : But to particularize would be
endlefs.

Yet before we quite take Leave of Hajfan Bajha, for this Time, one
notable Paflage, relating to fome Captives, may be taken Notice of,
not improperly. Of Haedo's long Story, this is the Abftract. About
Mid-Summer, ifjp, the Bajha lent Borrafquillo, the once-mentioned
Renegado Genouefe, with his Galley to Bona, to buy up Provifions for
the Algerims, then not only much diftrefled with Famine, but alfo under
terrible Apprehenfions of a Vifit from Chrijiendom, as has been obferved.
In this Galley came 108 Chriflians, partly the Captain's own, and the
reft lent him by the Bajha. Being almoft laden, and not above a dozen
or thirteen Turks left aboard, the reft, with the Captain and Officers be-
ing in the Town difpatching their Affairs, the Slaves laid hold on this
favourable Occafion, and recovered their Liberty. The chief Contriver
of this was a bold Spanijh Soldier, captivated at the Goletta, whofeName
was .Navarro. Being, with fome others, emploied to carry aboard the
Remainder of the Lading, as he was coming off the lair, Time, he wink-
ed upon fome of his Camarades, who took the Hint, and foon engaged
all who remained in Chains aboard. The Steward having fupplied him
and three others with Scimetars, they inftantly fell upon four armed Turks
who guarded the Poop. To one .of them Navarro gave a mortal
Cutj but in giving it, his Weapon mapped ihort at the Handle,
which gave Opportunity to another of thofe Turks, with a terrible Gafh,
to lay open his Back and one of his Shoulders. In (hort, tho' thofe few
Turks made a. brave Defenfe, and three of them kept the Chriflians from
cutting the Cable a confiderable while, yet, opprefTed by Numbers, they
were at length all killed, or forced over-board, except a Renegado Catalan^
who begged to be carried with them to Chrijiendom, and whofegood In-
clinations being known to fome of the victorious Chriflians, he was re-
tained. They then got out their well-fraught Prize, under the very Nofe
of its Owner and Commander Borrafquillo, who, furrounded by foaming

Spectators,

5<5& The History of Algiers.^

Spectators, beheld the Departure of his fine Galley, and all his Slaves,
which made a fcarce reparable Chafm in his Eftate. In two Days they
reached Majorca : But poor Navarro, to whom they all chiefly owed
their Succefs, Toon died of his Wound; tho' the Vice- Roy took all ima-
ginable Care of his Recovery. The Galley and Cargo being fold, equal
Partition was made among the whole Equipage; only a young Genouefe %
who had greatly fignalized himfelf in the A&ion, had a double Share.
Navarro, upon his being difabled, had named him his Lieutenant, and,
with his lateft Breath, recommended him to the reft. This brave young
Man, having but one Eye, was nick-named Gil de Andrada, which gal-
lant Spanijb Gentleman, in that Particular, he refemblcd. The Procef-
lion made for thofe fortunate Captives was very fplendid. Thofe who
were Spaniards, paflcd over to the Continent. The remaining forty nine,
being all l Levantines, under the Command of this Gil de Andrada, whom
they willingly obeyed, fitted out a Brigantine, in order to pafs up to
Barcelona. Being got about half Way thither, they met with two crui-
fing Brigantines of Algiers, Rather boldly than prudently, thofe Chrifii-
ans, inftead of endeavouring to cvadCan apparent Peril, fought the En-
counter. The Conflict was {harp and bloody. Of the Corfairs ten were
killed, and many wounded. The Chrifiians loft feven, and among them a
Brother of the brave Genouefe, their Commander. After above an Hour's
warm Difpute, not with (landing fuch great Odds, the Chrifiians began to
bid fair for the Victory ; when, unfortunately, their VefTel over-turned.
They were all taken up, and among them the Renegado Catalan ; who
would have come badly off, had not the Chrifiians unanimoufly averred,
that they forced him to accompany them, and were then carrying him
to Barcelona, condemned for Life to row in a Galley. Hajfan Bajha was
extremely glad of the Recovery of fo many of thofe Slaves, who had
played him fuch a Prank, and who were moft of them his own. Upon
Examination, he found that, next to the faid Genouefe, two were moft
culpable, a Sicilian and a Bifcainer. Thofe he condemned to pay for all ;
and caufed them all three, their Hands bound behind, to be hanged up by
the Feet, at the Yard- Arm of one of his own Gallies, which lay ready for the
'Sea, with its Rowers all chained to their Banks. After having hung feveral

I More to the Eaft.

Hours,

The History 0/ Algiers. 569

Hours, about Mid-Night the Bifcainer, having by fome Means loofed his
Hands, had the Addrefs alfo to loofe his Feet, and get away undifcovered.
He was found, two Days after, in a new Galeot, and pardoned. When
he was miffed in the Morning, one of the Turks there, bearing a Grudge
to a certain Sicilian Gentleman, chained to the Bank beneath, accufed
him to the Bajha, as Acceflary to his Efcape : Whereupon that Vice-
Roy caufed the innocent Captive to be put in his Place j where having
hung about half an Hour, he was taken down 5 as was likewife the other
Sicilian. But the poor Genouefe was difpatched with Shot and Arrows *
dying a very good Catholic, and is in Haedd's Lift of Martyrs,

Jafer AgAj Majar.

A. D. if 80. A Body of Turks and Tartars (or rather Tatars) making
an Inroad into fome Part of Hungary, among others, brought off this
Perfon, then a Boy, together with his Mother, and two others of her
younger Children, a Son and a Daughter. This unhappy Family appear-
ing to be of fome Faftiion, were all prefented to the Favourite Sultana*
Young Jafer, being made at once a Mujfulman and a Eunuch, had the
Infant Prince, her Son, committed to his Care. On that Account, the
Sultan and his Mother had always a particular Regard to this Eunuch,
and of which Favour he was not in any wife undeferving : Since, in all
the Emploies conferred on him by the Emperor, he gave fhining Proofs
of a good Difpofition towards all Mankind, except Criminals : To them
he was remarkably rigid j yet a ftric~b Obferver of Juftice. This Charac-
ter, as has been hinted, induced the Sultan to chufe him, as a molt pro-
per Perfon, to fet Matters to Rights at Algiers. We have obferved the
Reafons why Hajfan Bajha came off fo cheap. It is true he reprimanded
him. He alfo apprehended feveral who were accufed as Acceflaries to his
Enormities j and among them Al-Caid Daud and Al-Caid Ben Delli: But
finding them not fo very culpable as reprefented, they foon had their Li-
berty. He did all he could to comfort and encourage the People, who
had fo long laboured under, not only a fevcre Famine and Mortality, but
Tyranny and Oppreflion. He publicly allured them > " Th;it he camo-
" not to Algiers, like others, in order to accumulate Wealth: He being
" very certain of never wanting, during his Life* and, as to the reft,

Vol. II. D d d d he

. 570 Tbe HxstOKY 0/ Algiers.

" he neither had nor was capable of begetting Children to inherit him."
He brought with him his Mother, who, according to Haedo, was much
more of a Cbriftian than a Mahometan, tho* fhe went under that Deno-
mination. His younger Brother, a Eunuch like himfelf, alfo came with
him. Haedo, as an Eye-Witnefs, fays thus: " Never did any one make
" the leaft Complaint of this Bajba's Adminiftration Nor has any yet
" remarked him to be addicted to the leaft Vice, or of having offered to
" any one the leaft Injury. Towards the Chrifiians he is exceflively hu-
c mane. If any of them, attempting to efcape, are brought before him,
cC he pafTes it off with a Reprimand, and perhaps ten, twelve or fifteen
" Baftonades, and fends them about their Bufinefs. As to his own Slaves,
" he has given ftricl: Orders, that, during his Life, none of them {hall
<c be fettered or beaten, without his exprefs Command, and has allotted
< c them very good Diet and Cloathing. All the Duties accruing to him
t of the k Wine, Brandy, &c. brought to Algiers by Chriflian Traders,
<c this Bajba takes in Specie, and diftributes it among his Slaves: Whereas
" all other Bajhas ufed to take them in Money. At his Arrival, he fent
* for all the Chriflian Merchants, and a Father of the Redemption who
6 was then there, injoining them to write to every Part of Chrijtendom,
u for their Correfpondents and Acquaintance to repair to Algiers with
*' their Merchandizes and Ranfom-Moneyj promifingthem all fuch good
tc and equitable Treatment, that they ihould foon find the Difference be-
t* tween him and Hajfan Bajba, and be convinced, that he came not to
" Algiers to make himfelf rich, but toadminifterjuftice to all the World."
Some Complaints being made to him againft his Kayia, or Lieutenant, who
came with him from the Levant, he inftantly removed him, and gave that
Employ to another. In like manner, certain Janifaries accufing their
Aga (who alfo came with him from the Levant) of Bribery, Extortion
and other fuch-like Mifdemeanors, he immediately called a Diwan, or
Council, and, with the Confent of a great Majority (without which no
Bajha dares take thofe Steps) he depofed that great Officer. This hap-
pened in April 9 lfSi.

k This Traffic has been long out of Date, as will appear elfewhere i there being now more
made in the Country than can well be expended.

This

The History ^Algiers. $7$.

This Aga, in Conjun&ion with the depofed Kayia, and the before-
mentioned Al-Caid Ben Delli, meditating Revenge for the Affront they
had juftly received at the Hands of this equitable Bajba, formed a Con-
fpiracy againft his Life, Ben Dclli was then upon taking the Field, with
a Party of 400 Turks, defigned againft certain revolted Arabs. A wealthy
Moor of Algiers was to fupply him with a large Sum of Money, to fuborn
thofe Janifaries to return fuddenly from the Campaign, and to cut off
the Bajba. The difgraced Aga was to ffucceed in that fupreme Dignity,
the Kayia was to enjoy his former Poft of Lieutenant- Bajba, and Ben
Delli was to be Bey-Ier-Bey, or Generaliffimo. The Moorijh Merchant
was to have conflderable Intereft for his Money, together with fome ad-
vantageous Emploies. Ben Delli, with fair Words and mighty Promifes,
had prevailed on many of his r Janifaries, and began to conceive great
Hopes of Succe(s$ when propofing the Affair to a Congregation of their
Officers, four ancient Buluc-Bajhees flood up, faying j " That the reft
" might do as they thought fit : But for their own Parts they would
" fooner be cut in Pieces than be Trayrors to the Ottoman Sultan, or than
" once think of injuring fo juft a Perfon as Jafer Aga." The unexpect-
ed Conftancy and Refolution of thefe ftanch Officers wrought fuch Ef-
fect, that all who had been perverted inftantly changed Sentiment -, in-
fomuch, that Ben Delli was feized and clapped in Irons, and Notice of
what pafTed fent to the Bajba. This Intelligence reached Algiers at the
End of April: Whereupon the Bajha, immediately and with the utmoft
Privacy, got the Aga and Kayia apprehended, and, loaded with Chains
about their Arms and Necks, clofely and feparately confined them in a
ftrong Place within the Palace. This done, he called a Grand Diwan,
of Great and Small, as they word it, whereat the Letters fent him from
the Janifaries in that little Camp were read aloud. Tho' the Aga and
Kayia had certainly many Friends and Partifans among the Janifaries, yet
not one durft drop a Syllable in Favour of the Prifoners > as fearing the
reft. A Chiaus was forthwith fent away, with Orders to the Chiefs of
thofe Janifaries, either to fend Ben Delli fettered to Algiers, or there to
ftrike off his Head. The Night following, May 1. the two Prifoners
were privately ftrangled in a Vault, and buried in the Bajha's ! Garden,

1 That Garden has been long fmce turned into Stables Tnd other Buildings. ^TtifMJBSPft
Prifon ftands on Part of it. This Officer is the.poblicEsecutioner. and hss Command of all
the leud Women and Boys.

D d d d z joining

572 The History of Algiers.

joining the Palace. In the Morning, he gave out, that they had efcaped,
and ordered Proclamation to be made of a great Reward for the appre-
hending both or either, dead or alive. Eight Days after the Head of
Ben Belli was brought him j and he confifcated the whole Eftate, Slaves,
&c. of the three Delinquents. As for the Moorijb Merchant, who had,
lb officioufly, made Tenders of his Purfe to carry on the Caufe, he dif-
appeared : But, iome few Days after, the Bafia was prevailed on to fuffer
him to purchafe his own Safety, and that of his Family, at the Price he
had offered to advance to facilitate his Deftru&ion. So that he was no
Gainer by that Method o turning his Penny. " I am afliired -, fays Haedffy
4 the Sum amounted to no lefs than 30000 Ducats.

At the End of this fame Month, the 1 Captain- Bafia, with fixty Gallies-
Royal, arrived at Algiers. His Errand was to go againft the Sberifot the
ftingitana, who, we obferved, was reported to be treating an Alliance
with the King of Spain, in Prejudice to the Ottoman Intereft. Notwith-
flanding Jafer Aga's Mildnefs towards his unworthy Predeceflbr, the
Captain- Bajba, thro* the falfe Infinuations of that his Favourite, came fo
apparently prejudiced againft this deferving Eunuch, that, under Pretext
of obeying the Sultan's pofitive Injunctions, to take whatever he deemed
requifite for that important Weftern Expedition, he took from that Bajba
a great Number of his bell Slaves, with a very confiderable Sum of Mo-
ney : To all which Injuftice he was obliged to acquiefce ; this Admiral's
Power being too great to be difputed. In like Manner, to quit Scores
with the Janifaries of Algiers, for the Infults they had offered both to
himfelf and his beloved Renegado, he commanded them all to prepare for
their March Weftward. But they refolutely refufed to ftir a Step, ex-
cept he produced the Ottoman Emperor's exprefs Order. He told them,
* That he afted not contrary to that Monarch's Verbal Command. "
This would not do j but they infifted upon feeing it under his own Hand
and Seal. Finding fuch unlooked-for Oppofition, he told them, " That
* was nothing but what he could procure." They bad him do it* and
then, they faid, " They would obey. " Morat Aga, a Renegado of his,
was ordered to the Levant, with five Galeots, on this Jkevelefs Errand:
But the Janifaries would not fuffer him to depart without a Deputation
from their own Body. This Alt Bajba could not deny. With them
went the chief Morabbotb, a Perfon highly venerated, with Letters to

\ Look back to P. 539. in the Note.

the

The History ^/Algiers, 57$

the Sultan, importing : " That it would not be at all to the Intereft of
" his Imperial Majefty, to permit a Perfon fo crafty and fo enterprifing
c as Alt Bajha to profecute his Defigns againft the Sherif of Fez, &c. a
" Prince from whom they had not hitherto received the leaft Injury or
" Infult } fince if he ihould carry his Point, and become Matter of thofe
c - Realms by expelling that Monarch, and a Renegade of his own was alrea-
" dy Bajha oTripoly,\t would be no very difficult Matter for a Man of his
" afpiring Genius and Ambition to make himfelf Sovereign ofzWBarbary."

Not many Days before this, Morat Rats, with eight Gallies, went on
the Cruife. Near Lagos, he met witrf two great Ships of Bretagne, laden
with Salt, from Portugal. But, befldes that Lading, they carried up-
wards of a Million of Ducats in Specie, Thofe Ships, being very well
manned and appointed, made a notable Defenfe: But one of them being
funk, and only fourteen of its Equipage faved, the other was obliged to
furrendcr. With this rich Prize, which coll: him a good Number of his
Turks, this fortunate Corfair returned to Algiers : But, under Pretence of
carrying on the Tingitanian War, the Captain-Bajha would needs be a
very confiderable Sharer, both in Money and Captives.

About the fame Time, Arnaud Memmi, whom we have often menti-
oned as Admiral of Algiers, went out with fourteen Gallies. In two
Months roaming thofe Seas, all the Prize he could make was of one poor
blind Chrijlian, he met with on the fmall Ifland Turfia. He reached Al-
giers at the End of July, where he found, juft returned, the five Galeots
from Conftantinople. The Algerine Deputies had fo well negociated their
Affair, that they brought a politive Order, from the Sultan, to the Cap"
tain-Bajha, to defift, on Penalty of his Head, from all farther Thought
of his projected Enterprife. The Stile of the Sultan's Letter ran too ab-
iblute for Alt Bajha to entertain the leaft Glimmering of Safety in Dif-
obedience. He therefore departed with his Fleet, and arrived at Conjlan-
tinople towards the End of Ottober, 15*81. Notwithstanding thefe Difap-
pointments, and the ill Offices had been done him at Court, fuch was
his Credit, and fo well he knew how to carry his Points, that it was nor,
long before he prevailed with the Sultan to iign a fecond Commiffion for
Ha fan Bajha to be Vice- Roy of Algiers: The only Way he could ftudy
how to be even with the turbulent, thwarting Alger ines. < To the
great Regret of the Generality of that Militia and their Subjects, but more
particularly of their Slaves, this juft -and well-difpofed Eunuch-Bajha,

after

5/4- 7&? History <?/ Algiers.

after a generally- applauded Adminiftration of about twenty Months, was
removed, in May, 1782,, by the much-dreaded and univerfally-detefted
Hafan Bo/ha-, with whofe wayward Government the Algerines were al-
ready too well acquainted.

But before we enter upon that Subject, it may be requifite to make a
ihort Digreffion. Some Readers may, probably, think it flrange,
that, throughout the whole Courfe of this Hiftory, not the leaft Men-
tion is made of our Nation. But we now muft begin to come a little in
Play : For few can be ignorant, that it was not fo early, that we made
the Figure, at Sea, as we have done fince. And. can we but be prevailed
on to be unanimous, there is little Appearance but that we may maintain
even a- Sovereignty upon that Element. But to the Purpofe. Ac-
cording to Hakluyt, and others, the firft Trade we ever had, of any Mo-
ment, in the Mediterranean, began in 1 f 1 1 . which was about fix or fe-
ven Years before the Turks were poiTefled of Algiers : And it continued,
without much Interruption, till if 34. when Heyyadin Barbar rojfa reign-
ed, as it were, Sovereign of the Mediterranean, as may be obferved in the
X/ife of that Bajha. Several tali Ships, named by that Author, from
London, Briftol, Southampton, &c. carried on a very brifk and notable
Commerce to Sicily, Candia, Scio, and fometimes to Cyprus, as alfo to
Tripoly and Barut, in Syria. Having fpecified the Commodities exported
and imported, he (ays, that, befides the Natives of thofe feveral Coun-
tries, our Merchants and Factors had Dealings with Turks, Jews, and
other Foreigners -, and that they emploied not only their own Shipping,
but likewife Veflels, great and fmall, of Candia, Sicily, Genoua, Venice,
Ragufa, Spain and Portugal. The Argofies of Shakefpeare, and others,
muft certainly be Ragufians. The fame Author aflures us, that Sultan
Suliman granted a Pafs (Dated at Halep, or Aleppo, A. H. po*i. A. D.
1 j-5-3) to a Merchant of London, named Anthony Jenkinfon. By that Pars
it evidently appears, that we had not then any Confuls, Agents, or others
With a Public Character, in any of the Ottoman Dominions. Thereby
the Trench, Venetian and all other public Minifters, throughout Turky and
its Domain, are ftrictly injoined not to ufe any Manner of Exactions on
his Ships and Merchandize. -He farther affirms, that, for near fifty
Years, this advantageous Trade was, as it were, quite obftructed j till re-
vived by Queen Elizabeth. In 1 f8z. that Queen fent EmbafTador to the

2 Ottoman

The History ^Algiers. 575

Ottoman Court Mr. William m Harebone, who was fplendidly received by
Morat III. the then reigning Sultan. Her Majefty's Letter to the Sultan
was accompanied by one to the Captain-Bajha\ both Dated at Windfor,
A. D. iy8z. Notwithftanding this Embafiador's noble and favourable
Reception, and the high Eiteem he was in, fome PafTages, from the fame
Author, will foon make appear, that the Algerines were not even then
much lefs difficult to be kept in Awe than they have been ever fince their
more apparent Independency. Thofe Letters, Mr. Harebone's Commiffion,
and the Queen's Patent for Trade, are at length in Hakluyt, to whom we re-
fer the Curious. But the Treaty of Privileges granted to our Nation by that
Sultanas hereafter inferted. The Patentees of that our firfl Turky Company
were four eminent Merchants of London, viz. Sir Edward Osborne, Mr. Thomas
Smith, Mr. Richard Staper, and Mr. William Garret. All thefe were
Dated at Windfor, except the faid Patent j which was figned at Wejtmin-
fler, and bears Date, September 1 1, 1781. His Excellency, Mr. Harebone,
appointed one Mr. John Tipton to be Conful at Algiers j and who was the
firft who ever bore that Character.

CHAR XV.

Basha XXI. XXII. Hassan Basha, Venedic
The fecond and laft Time of his Adminiftration. -

MemmiBasha, Arnaud: An Albanian.

Some Particulars relating to our Affairs in thofe Parts.

A, D. if8i.

TOWARDS the End of May, this Year, arrived Hajfan Bajba at
Algiers, as Vice-Roy the fecond Time, with eleven Gallies, of
which feven were his own, and the others belonged to his Patron, the
Captain- Bajh a. By what has been faid of him, we may fuppofe him not

m This Gentleman's Name is fometimes written Uarebourne and Harebrowne. For Parti-
culars of this our firft Embafly there, read Hak/uyt,

576 The History of Algiers.

to be a very welcome Gucft to the Algerines : But he was grown fomc-
what better, or at lead tome what more cautious.

Some Days before, hiorat Rais went out with nine Galeots. Coafting
along the Spanijh Shore, as low as the Streigbt, without having made any
Prize, he pafTed thro' j and before he got to Cape S. Vincent, early in
the Morning, he difcovered a Spanijh Galley, called La Fama. This
Galley had, in a Storm the Day before, been feparated from its nine Con-
forts > and efpyingthe nine Galeots, took them for the reft of the Squa-
dron, and came rowing into the midft of the Corfairs. This eafy and
confiderable Prize Morat conveyed to Tennez, and then (truck over again
to the Coaft of Spain. Near Alicante, a Spaniard at the Oar offered him
a good Booty for his own Liberty. The Corfairs are never deaf to fuch
Propofals. About thirty Miles Eaft of that maritime City, not at a very
great Diftance from the Sea, lies a fmall defenfelefs Town, which had
given Birth to that Traytor. Mid-Night being near, <5oo of the Cor-
fairs, condu&ed by this Guide, went afhore 5 and were fo fuccefsful, that
they brought off upwards of po, of all Ages and Conditions. With
this Prize Morat Rais, early in June, returned to Algiers. The Bajba
fent for all the Captains of Gallies and Galeots, telling them very roughly i
" That they were all a Crew of idle, dronilh Poltrons ; and that not one
i( of them, Morat Rais alone excepted, was worth Hanging. " Adding,
** That he himfelf would (hew them how to go a Cruifing. " With
this, he ordered them to get ready their Veflels. Twenty two of their
Gallies and Galeots being foon fitted out, he joined them with his own,
and departed. He (lopped not till he came to the Iflands of S. Pedro,
clofe by Sardinia, and there lay concealed, defigning the Plunder of a
Town called Villa de Iglefia: But being difcovered, and the Shore crouded
with armed Sardi,- he removed to another Quarter of that Ifland, and,
not far from Orijlan, landed i roo Fuziliers, guided by a Captive Sardi-
nian, defirous of Liberty upon any Terms. Advancing forty Miles within
the Land, they attacked and entered a Town named Polidonia, from
whence they drove away 700 of thofe Iflanders : And tho' the Corfairs,
in their Retreat, were fct upon by a Body of more than 1 f 00 Horfe, and
a great Number of Peafants on Foot, all the Damage they could do them
was to cut off thirty Turks, who had feparated from the reft and taken a
narrow Lane, in Hopes of fome farther Booty. With thefe Captives,

Ihe History ^Algiers. $ 77

Hajfan Bajha retired to the Ifland of n Mai de Vientre', fronting Orijlan,
and there hung out his Flag of Truce j fignifying his Difpofition to fee
thofe new Slaves at Ranfom. The Sardinians offered 2 fooo Ducats ; but
the Bajha would not hear of lefs than 20000 5 and departed in a Fury,
becaufe he could not prevail with thole Iflanders to come up to his De-
mands. Thence he went to the Ifland Ajmara, where he divided the
Spoil, and refitted his Squadron. This done, while Hajfan Bajha was
confulting with his Chiefs, what Courfe they fliould next take, a Captive
Corfo offered his Service to conduct him to theeafy taking and plundering
a very wealthy Town in Corjica, named Montkello. Liberty was to be
his Reward. Arrived at the Place where the Defcent was to be made,
1000 Fuziliers leaped afhore, in the Night, not forgetting their Guide.
Thefe Conductors (who indeed do recover their Freedom, tho' by ftrange
and unnatural Methods) left they give their Matters the Slip before they
give them Scent of their Prey, are well pinnioned, and the End of the
Rope that ties their Arms given in Charge to three or four Turks. From
this Place, without any Oppofition, they came off with more than 40a
Souls. Next, about feven Miles Eaft of Genoua, early one Morning,
they broke into a fmall Place called Sori, and brought away 120 Perfons:
There four Turks were brained with Stones from the Windows. The
Evening before this, Prince Gio. Andrea D'Oria was arrived at Genoua
from Spain, with feventeen Gallies. Hearing of the Algerines, he flipped
his Cables : But Hajfan Bajha, getting Wind of this Squadron, flruck
away to the Coaft of Provence.

Very foon after this, our Corfair-Bajha had Intelligence of Marco An-
tonio Colonna, Vice- Roy of Sicily, who was going towards Catalonia with
twelve Gallies. He had certainly fnapped them up as they lay negligently
before Palamos, had he not been deceived in the Night, and put into a
wrong Place, more to the Weft, named S. Felin de Rijoles, where lay fome
Saiteas, which he fell upon, taking them for the Sicilian Gallies. Biting
his Nails and tearing his Beard at this Difappointment, he paffed on, and
landed fome Troops within eight Spanijh Leagues of Barcelona, and, from
a fmall Place called Pineda, brought away about fifty Perfons. The
whole Coaft being now alarmed, imagining he could reap little more Ad-
vantage thereabouts, he rowed away for the Mouth of the River Althea y

" :

Belly-Ach.

Vol. II. E e e e near

571 The History 0/ Algiers.

near Alicante', where going afliore, he fent Notice of his being thereto
certain Morlfcoes in that Neighbourhood, who had wrote to him fome
Time before. To fecure the Pafles and conduct them to his Fleet, with
their Effects, he appointed them a Body of 2000 T'urkijb Fuziliers. Mat-
ters were fo well managed, that he brought off no lefs than 2000 Morif-
coss. Men, Women and Children, with a very confiderable Treafure*
out of which he was liberally paid for his Trouble. The Gallies being
now pretty well lined, our Bajba bore away homewards. In the Way
he met with a large Ragufian Trader, laden with Corn, from Puglia. The
Captain ranfomed himfelf, his Mate and Clerk, with the Ship and Lading,
for pooo Ducats j which Sum he agreed to pay in three Months. Hav-
ing been out near three Months, he returned triumphantly to Algiers :
Afking his Captains 5 " Who was the beft Corfair, he or they. "

My Author fays nothing farther of this Bajba's Malignancy 5 but only,
that the few remaining Months of his Government were emploied in his
accuftomed Thriftinefsj being a moft remarkable Merchant, tho' far
from a fair Dealer. But he attained his End, which was to amafs
Wealth.

In Hakluyt, I meet with the following Pafs, granted by him to Mr.
Thomas Sbingleton, a Merchant of our Nation ; which gives fome Infight
into our Affairs in thofe Parts, about that Time. The Stile fcems to exprefs
the Haughtinefc of his Difpofition. The Original was in Italian, beginning
thus:

Not ManBalha, Vice-Re" & Lugo-tenente, &c.

We Hajfan Bajba, Vice-Roy, Lieutenant and Captain- General of the
Dominion and Jurifdiction of Algiers, give and grant free Safe- Conduce
to Thomas Sbingleton, Merchant : That, with his Ship and Mariners, of
what Nation foever they be, and with his Merchandize, of what Country
foever, he may go and come, trade and traffic freely in this City of Al-
giers, and other Places of our Jurifdi&ion , as well of the Weft as of the
Eaft. And in like Sort, we farther command the Admiral of Algiers
and other Places of our Jurifdi&ion, and all Captains of Veflels, as well
urs as thofe of the Levant, both great and fmall, whofoever they be, we
do command them, That, on finding the (aid Thomas Sbingleton, of the
Englijb Nation, in the Seas of Genoua, Eafi-France, Naples^ Calabria,
Sardinia, &c. with his Ship, Merchandize and Men, of what Nation
foever they be, they moled them not, neither take nor touch any thing

The History a/Algiers. Jji

of theirs, whether Money or Goods, under Penalty of lofing their Lives
and Effects. And as you make Account of the Favour of his Ottoman
Highnefs, our Sovereign, Sultan Morat, you are to fuffer him to pafs on
his Way without the leaft Impediment. Dated at Algiers, in our Regal
Palace, firmed with our Royal Signature, figned with the public Seal,
and written by our prime Secretary. January 23, 15*83.

This Bajba's feven Gallies were become twelve. In the fucceeding
March arrived his Succeflbr 5 he having governed this Time fcarce one
Year complete. At his leaving Algiers, he could not refrain from fhed-
ding Tears, and exprefling great Regret at his being fo foon deprived of a
Government, whofe Sweets, he faid, he had never tafted before. With
his own twelve Gallies, and the four which came with the new Bajha 9
from the Levant, he (with fewer Execrations than before, a Sign he began
to mend his Manners) departed, fome Time in May, i$%$. His Perfon
has been already defcribed. As Commiflloned from the Sultan, he went
directly to govern Tripoly, in Eafi~Barbary. There he remained, in great
Credit and Authority, full two Years. After this, thro' the Intereft of
his Patron (who grown aged, was willing to pafs the Remnant of his
Life free from Toil and Fatigue) the Sultan advanced him to the Captain'
Bajhalic : " In which high Employ, fays Haedo, he fhewed himfelf as
ci dextrous and no lefs courageous than his Patron : And even it may be
ct faid, that he did greater Damages to Chriftendom. " Some Years after
(I find not when) he died at Conjlantinople, as did his Patron, poifoned
by Cigala, that famous Renegado Admiral who was his Succeflbr.

Memmi Bash a, Arnaud,

This Rerfon (who was- not the fame Amaud Memmi frequently menti-
oned as Admiral of Algiers) was one of the Albanian Tribute-Children.
By what Means it is not declared, but certain it is, that he afterwards be-
longed to Kara Ali, who, as obferved, was alfo Morat Rais's Patron.
He became a notable Corfair 5 but was much longer at Conjiantinople than
Algiers: And, being a Man of Prudence and good Conduct, was very

Look back to /*. 557.

E e e e z much

5 8o The History of Algiers.

much in Favour with the Captain-Bajba. Infomuch, that when the
Sultan (it is not declared upon what Motive) was determined, this laft
Time, to remove Hajfan Bajha from Algiers, that Admiral ftrongly in-
terceded for this Arnaud Memmi. Nor did he fail giving general Satis-
faction ; being in Reality a Perfon of good Capacity, and withal a ftrict
Adherer to Juftice.

In the fecond Year of his Adminiftration, Sir Edward Osborne, then
Lord Mayor of London, and Chief of the Levant Company, wrote him
the following Letter, in Spanijb, of which this is the Tranflation.

Muy alto y poderofo Rey, Sea fervida vuejlra Alteza, &c.
Right, high and mighty King. May it pleafe your Highnefs to under-
ftand, That the mod High and mod Mighty Majefty of the Grand Sig-
nor hath confirmed certain Articles of Privileges with the moft Excellent
Majefty of the Queen of England, that her Subjects may freely go and
come, and traffic by Sea and Land in the Dominions of his moft Mighty
Majefty, as appeareth more at large by the faid Articles, whereof we have
fent the Copy to Mr. John Tipton, our P Commijfary, to fhew the fame
to your Highnefs, Againil the Tenor of which Articles, one of our
Ships, which came from Patras, in the More a, laden with Currants and
other Merchandize, bought in thofe Parts, was funk by two Gallics ap-
pertaining to your City of Algiers, and moft of the faid Ships Equipage
either flain or drowned, the Refidue being detained as Captives : An Act
very contrary to the Meaning of the aforefaid Articles and Privileges,
which is the Occafion, that, by thefe Prefents, we very humbly befeech
your Highnefs, that fince it hath pleafcd the moft Mighty Majefty of the
Grand Signor to favour us with the faid Privileges, it would pleafe your
Highnefs in like Manner to affift us in the fame, granting us by your Au-
thority your Aid and Favour, according to our Hopes, that thefe poor
Men, fo detained in Captivity, as is intimated, may be fet at Liberty, to
return to their refpective Abodes. And likewife, that your Highnefs
would give Orders to the Captains, Matters and People of your Gallies,
that from henceforwards they fufFer us to purfue our Commerce with fix
Ships yearly into Turky, and all other the Grand Signor's Domains, in

I I M l

Rather Conful,

Peacf

The History of Algiers. 581

Peace and Safety, without interrupting us in thofe our Privileges 5 fince
each of the faid Ships carries with it his Ottoman Highnefs's Pate, whereby
to be diftinguifhed. And for that your fo Angular Favour and Courtefy,
we, on our Parts, fliall remain your moft obliged Debtors, and render
your Highnefs whatever Service we are able, as your Highnels will be
farther informed by the faid Mr. John Tipton, to whom we refer your High-
nefs for all other Particulars. We pray and befeech the Almighty to
profper and increafe your moft ferene Perfon and Eftate with all Honour
and Felicity. For, and in the Name of the whole Company trading to
Turky.

Tour very humble Servant to command

London, July 1Q, 1^84. Edward Osborne,'

Mayor of London^

The following Letters, &c. taken from Hakluyt, will give an Idea of
the State of Affairs between this Nation and the Turks.

Notes concerning the Trade of Algiers.

The Money that is coined at Algiers, are Pieces of Gold, called 1 AJi-
tno and r Doubla : And two Doublaes make one Afiano : But the Double
is moft ufed j for all things are fold by Doublaes, which Doubla is fifty
Afpers of Algiers.

The A/per there is not fo good, by half and more, as that at Conjlanti-
?tople : For the Sultani of Gold of the Turks, made at Conjlantinople, is at
Algiers worth 1 y Afters, whereas in Turky it goes for no more than 66
Afpers.

The Piftole and Reals of Plate are moft current there. Spanijh.

The faid Pijlok paffeth there for 1 f o Afpers : And the four Real Piece
goeth for forty Afpers - 9 but is often fold for more, as People need them to
carry up to Turky.

* ZianL { Saima. The Coins are now very different, as wilj appear elfewhere-

* Theic

i8i The History ^/Algiers.

Their Afiano's and DoubJaes are Pieces of coarfe Gold worth here with
us but 40 Shillings the Ounce > Co the fame is not current in any Part of
the Turks Dominions in the Levant -, neither are the Jfpers coined at Al-
giers; being conflderably fmaller than any others.

The Cuftom inward is ten per Cent, to be paid either out of the Com-
modity, or otherwife, as agreed.

There is another Duty, paid to the Emir, of one and a half per Cent.
which is to the Juftice of the Chrifiians. The Goods for this Cuftom
are rated as for the King's Cuftom.

Having paid Cuftom inwards, you pay none outwards for any Goods
you lade, except a Fee to the Gate- Keepers.

The Weight there is called a Cantar, for fine Wares, as Metals refined,
Spices, &c. which is of ours 1 20 /. Subtil.

Metals not refined, as Lead, Iron and fuch grofs Wares, are fold by
a great Cantar, making of ours 180 /.

Corn is there very plentiful and cheap, except after dry Seafons.

The fecureft Lodging for a Chriftian there is at a Jew's Houfe : The
Jew and his Effects being refponfible for the Damage he receives.

An Englijbman named Thomas Williams, Servant to Mr. John Tipton,
has his Abode, in order to carry on a Trade, in the Place called Soaue U
Heud, or the Jews Street.

Q-Elizabeth 's Letter to the Grand Signor.

Elizabetha, Dei ter maximi &f unici, c*Ii terr<eque conditoris, gratia*,
Angliae, Franciae &f Hiberniae regina, &c.

Hakluyt's Tranflation.

Elizabeth, by the Grace of the moft high God, onely Maker of
Heaven and Earth, of England, France and Ireland Queene, and of the
Cbrif.ian Faith, againft all the Idolaters and falfe Profeflbrs of the Name
of Chrift dwelling among the Chrifiians, moft invincible and puifTant De-
fender ', to the moft valiant and invincible Prince Sultan Murad Can, the
moft mightie Ruler of the f Kingdome of Mufulman, and of the Eaft

[Mujfulman Empire, or Empire of the Mujulmans.

Empire,

The History of Algiers. 58J

Empire, the onely and higheft Monarch above all, Health and many hap*
pie and fortunate Yeeres, and great Aboundance of the beft Things.

Mod noble and puiflant Emperor : About two Yeeres now pafTed, We
wrote unto your Imperial Majeftie, that our well-beloved Servant, Wil-
liam Hareborne, a Man of great Reputation and Honour, might be re-
ceived under your high Authorise, for Our AmbafTadour in Conftanti*
nople, and other Places under the Obedience of your Empire of Mufulman:
And alfo, that the Englijbmen, being Our Subjects, might exercife Enter-
courfe and Merchandize in all thofe Provinces, no lefs freely then the
French, Polonium, Venetians, Germanes, and other your Confederates,
which travel through diverfe of the Eaft Parts 5 endeavouring that, by
mutual Traffike, the Eaft may be joined and knit to the Weft.

Which Priviledges, when as your moft puiffiint Majeftie, by your Let-
ters and under your Difpenfation, moft liberally and favourably granted
to our Subjects of England, we could no lefTe doe, but in that refpecT:
give You as great Thankes as our Heart could conceave 5 trufting that it
will come to pafle, that this Order of Traffike, fo well ordained, will
bring with it felfe moft great Profits and Commodities to both Sides j as
well to the Parties fubject to your Empire, as to the Provinces of our
Kingdome.

Which thing, that it may be done in plaine and effectuall manner,
whereas fome of our Subjects of late, at Tripolis in Barbarie, and at Ar-
gier, were by the Inhabitants of thofe Places (being perhaps ignorant of
your Pleafure) evill intreated and grievoufly vexed, We doe friendly and
lovingly defire your Imperiall Majeftie, that You will underftand their
Caufes by Our AmbafTadour, and afterwards give Commandement to the
Lieutenants and Prefidents of thofe Provinces, that our People may hence-
forth freely, without any Violence or Injurie travell and doe their Bufines
in thofe Places.

And We again, with all Endeavour, fhall ftudie to performe all thofe
things that We (hall in any wife underftand to be acceptable to your Im-
perial Majeftie 5 whom God, the onely Maker of the World, moft beft
and moft great, long keepe in Health and Flouriftung. Given in our
Pallaice at London, the fift Day of the Moneth September,' in the Ycere of
Jefus Chrift) our Saviour, 15-84. And of our Raigne the 2.6.

This

r j$4 Tb* History ^Algiers.'

This was fent chiefly to demand the Reftitution of an Englijb Veflel
called the Jefus, feized at Triply, where it went to buy Oyls. In Hakluyt
the whole Account may be read, very circumflantially related by Thomas
Sanders, one of the Equipage, who regained his Liberty, together with
about a dczen more, who furvived the Hardfhips they had endured-
There is likewife the Sultan's Order, in October 15*84. to the Bajha of
Triply, and a Letter to him, of January 1 f 8 f. from Mr. Hareborne, for
their Releafe, with their Ship and Effects.

In the fame Author, I meet with the following, which is fomewhat
more to our immediate Purpofe. I give it in his own Style and Words.
By it may be formed a farther Idea of the State of our Trade there in
thofe Days.

The Commandement obtained of the Grand Signior, by her Maje-
ures Ambajfadour, for the quiet faffing of her Subjects to and
from his 'Dominions, fent Anno 1584. to the Viceroys of Argier,
Tunes and Tripolis in Barbaric

To our Beg-ler-Beg of Argier. We certifie thee, by this our Com-
mandement, that the Right Honourable William Hareborne, AmbafTadour
"to the Queenes Majeftie of England, hath fignified unto Us, that the
Shippes of that Country, at their comming and returning to and from our
Empire, on the one Part of the Seas have the Spaniards, Florentines, Si-
cilians and Maltefes, on the other Part our Countries committed to your
Charge 5 which abovefayd Cbrijlians will not fufFer their EgrefTe and Re-
grefle into and out of our Dominions, but doe take and make the Men
Captives, and forfeit the Ships and Goods, as the laft Yeere the Maltefes
did one, which they tooke at u Gerbi j and to that Ende, doe continually
lie in waight for them, to their Deftru&ion ; whereupon they are con"
flrained to (land to their Defenfe, at any fuch Times as they might meate
with them. Wherefore confidering by this Meanes they muft (land upon
their Gard, when they (hall fee any Galley a farre off, whereby if meet-
ing with any of your Gallies, and not knowing them, in their Defenfe
they doe {hoote at them, and yet after, when they doe certainly knowe

)^Thc Ifhnd Jerb*.

> them

The HisroKT of Algiers. 5 5

them, doc not flioote any more, but require to pafle peaceably on their
Voyage, which you would denie, faying, " The Peace is broken, for
<c that you have fhotte at usj" and fo doe make Prife of them, contrarye
to our Priviledges, and agaynft Reafon : For the preventing of which In-
convenience, the fayd AmbafTador hath required this our Commandement.
We therefore command thee, that upon Sight hereof, thou doe not per-
mit any fuch Matter, in no Sort whatfoever > but fuflfer the faid Englijb-
tnen to pafle in Peace, according to the Tenor of our Commandement
given, without any Disturbance, or Lett, by any Meanes, upon the Way,
although that, meeting with thy Gallies, and- not knowing them a farre
off, they, taking them for Enemies, fhould ihoote at them, yet ihall you
not fuffer them to hurt them therefore, but quietly* to pafle. Wherefore
looke thou, that they may have Right, according to our Priviledge given
them} and finding any that abfenteth himfelfe, and will not obey this our
Commandemenr, prefentjy certifie Us to our * Porc/j, that We may give
Order for his Pummment: And with Reverence give faithful Credite to
this our Commandement, which having read, thou (halt againe returne to
them that prefent it. From our Pallace in Conjlantmople, the Prime of
June i f 84. Here follows other Extracts from Hakluyt.

The Beginning of if8/. Mr. John Everjham returning from

Egypt by Sea , in his Journal ufes thefe Words, " Alfo we Were at

fj an old Citie, all ruinated and deftroied, called io old Time, the great

" Citie o Carthage, where Hannibal and Queene Dido dwelt. This Citie

" was but narrowe, but was very long * for there was and is yet to be

u feene one Streete three Miles long j to which Citie frefh Water was

"brought upon Arches about zf Miles, of which Arches fome are

<c (landing to this Day. Alfo we were at divers other Places, on the

ft Coaft, as we came from Cayro 5 but of other Antiquities wc faw but

<c fewe. The Towne of Argier, which was our firft and lad Port,

" within the Streigbts, ftandeth upon the Side of an Hill, clofe upon

" the Sea-Shoare. It is very ftrong both by Sea and Land 5 and it is

" very well victualled with all Manner of Fruites, Bread and Fifli good

Store, and very cheape. It is inhabited with ' Turkes, Moores> and

* Meaning Conftantinople, commonly called the Porte.

Vox.. IL F f f f * y ems

)*6 The History <?/Algiers.T

" Jewes, and Co are Alexandria and Cayro. In this Towne are a great
" Number of Cbriftian Captives, whereof there are of EngHJbmen only
" fifteen."

The fame Year, Mn Lawrence Alderfey, in his Return from Egypt,
putting into Algiers, fays thus, in the Account of his Voyage puWifhedin
Hakluyt, viz. " From Alexandria I failed to Argier, where I lay with
" Mafter Typton, Conful of the Englijh Nation, who ufed me moft
" kindly^ and at his own Charge. He brought me to the King's Court,
' c and into the Prefence of the King, to fee him, and the Manners of
tl the Court. The King doth onely beare the Name of a King 5 but
the greateft Government is in the Hands of the Souldiers.

ft ThejKing of 7 Potanea is Prifoner in Argier j who comming to Con-
fa ftantimple to acknowledge a Dutie to the great Turke, was betraied by
" his owne Nephew, who wrote to the turke, that he went onely as a
" Spie, by that Meanes to get his Kingdome. I heard at Argier of fe-
" ven Gallies that were, at that Time, caft away, at a Town called
" * Formentera j three of them were of Argier, the other four were of the
? Cbriftians.

" We found here alfo thirteene EngHJbmen, which were, by the Force
" of Weather, put into the Bay of tunes, where they Were very ill
" ufed by the Moores, who forced them to leave their Bark. Where-
* upon they went to the Council of Argier, to feeke a RedrefTe and
u Remedie for the Injurie. They were all belonging to the Shippe cal-
' led the Golden Noble of London, whereof Mafter Birde is Owner.
" The Mafter was Stepfon Hafelwood, and the Captain Edmond Bence.

c The third Day of December, the Pinnefle, called the Moon-Shine of
u London, came to Argier, with a Prize," whith they tooke upon the
" Coaft of Spaine, laden with Sugar, Hides and Ginger. TheTinneffe
W alfo belonged to the Golden Noble-, and at Argier they made Sale both
tt of Shippe and Goods \ and we left them at our comming away^ which
was the feventh Day of Januarie.

: 1

* I cannot imagine who he means.

* A fmail Ifland, one of the Ma bares.
I Thw I fancy fhould be Tennez.

The

The HiStorf of Algiers. 5I7

The fame Author gives an ample Account of the Alliance, for Trade
and Commerce, fettled by our Queen Elizabeth, this fame Year, with
the Sherif Mulei Named, Emperor of Fez and Morocco, with feveral cu-
rious Letters between thofe ,two Princes -, to which I refer the Inquifi-
tive, as not being fo much to our prefent Purpofe.

He likewife gives us a notable Inftance both of the Bravery of fome
Englijb, and of the Juftice of this Rajloa. This is the Extract of his par-
ticular Account. It happened in if 80".

Five flout Merchant Ships of London, under the Command of Mr.
Edward Wilkinfon, being bound to the Levant, had Intelligence, when
within the Streigbts, that fifty Gallies were, by Orders from the Court
of Spain, appointed to intercept them at their Return, whereof thirty
were in the Streighfs Mouth, and twenty, of Sicily and Malta, waited
their coming about thofe Iflands. The Englijb, having concluded to
Rendezvous at Zant, when they ihould have finiihed their Affairs, met
there, and fupplied themfelves with what they wanted for their Voyage
home. They departed in Company, and, within Sight of Pantalaria, fell in
with thirteen Maltefe and Sicilian Gallies, under the Conduct of Don
Pedro de Lieva, a Spanijh Nobleman, with whom they had a very fmart
Conflict, and behaved themfelves fo Well, that the Spaniards were forced
to make away, with broken Bones, and two of their beft Gallies ju ft ready
to fink. Of the Englijh only two were killed, and one wounded in the
Arm, and very little Damage done to the Ships. Having a fair Gale,
they bore down and foon reached Algiers, where they put in for Refrefh-
ment. The Bajha (who was then our Memmi Arnaud) fent off to
know who they were, and having Word > ent . him of their late Vic-
tory over the Spanijb Gallies, was exceedingly rejoiced, fent for the Com-
manders and Officers, and gave them a very kind and courteous Recep-
tion j afking them many Queftions of the Particulars of their late Engage-
ment, and ordered Proclamation to be made, that, upon Pain of immedi-
ate Death, none fhould prefume to injure' or mole ft any of -the Englijb
during their Stay, either in Word or Deed. His^ Orders were; .punctually
obeyed (ay all but 1 lie Spanijh Slaves, whq took all Opportunities of {hew-
ing their Malice, by Words and Gefturesij .-arid' ope of thdm, meeting an
Englijb Sailor (haggling in a by-place, ftabbed him in the Side with a
Knife, tho* not mortally. The BaJJia being informed of that Villany,
had the Criminal fei&edj and Tending for* the; ifi#g/*/# Officers, caufed him
im F f f f z to

jSft .iThe History of Algiers.

to be drubbed to Death in their Prefence. Departing from thence, they
purfued their Way homeward; And, favoured by a thick Fog, they es-
caped thro' the Spanijh Gallies, which lay waiting for them in the
Streigbfs Mouth. Tho' not very regularly, thefe Accounts, from Hak-
luyt, are purpofely placed together.- To return.

A. D. if8f. In May, this Year, Morat Rais went out with three
Galeots * and paffing down dire&ly thro' the Streights, repaired to Silla,
in South- Weft Barbary ;. which Neft of pernicious and daring Tingita-
nian Corfairs we, corruptly enough, mif-name Sallee. This adventrous Sea-
Rover was going upon an Expedition, in thofe Days intirely unattempt-
ed by any Algerine j which was to traverfe the main Ocean. The Cafe
with them is fince wonderfully otherwife 5 for they now, as is too well
known, go. ju ft where they pleafe, comparatively fpeaking : Tho* not
with Rowing -Veflels, of which they have none, as has been, and far-
ther (hall, be obferved. A certain Pilot (very probably a Cbrijiian Cap-
tive, tho' in that Point Haedo my Author is wholly filent) undertook to
conduct him to the Canary IQands. At that Mam itanian maritime Place,
he got fitted out three fmart Frigatas, as they call their Half, or rather
Quarter- Gallies, and which fame Europeans call Brigantines: They had
fourteen Banks on each Side, and, as well as the Galeots, were excellent-
ly-well-appointed. Each of the Galeots taking in-tow a Brigantine, they
ki out upon their hazardous Adventure. When this Squadron had reached
pretty near the Height of thofe Iflands, Morat's Pilot told him, " That
" he feared they had miffed their Voyage, and were fhot far a- head of
"the Canaries. " ** Tho' I was never there, returned that notable Cor-
" fair, I aver what you fay to be morally irapoflible : Therefore keep on
u your Courfc." His Order being obeyed, they foon difcovered Lance-
hte. At Sight of which Land, the Gbrfairs tok in all their Sails, and
lowered their Mafts, lying-by upon their Oars till Night, to prevent their
being efpied from the Ifland. " When dark, fays the Hiftorian, this
41 Thief managed his Affairs fo adroitly, that, juft at Day-break, he found
" Means to leap afhore, clofe by the chief Town, at the Head of ifo
" Fuziliers, twks -, and breaking into the Place, they ravaged it, bring-
u ing off much Booty, with more than 500 Captives j among whom
** were the Mother, Spoufe and Daughter of the Count, who was Go-
" vernor of the Ifland j all which they had Opportunity of effecting,
without the leaft Oppofition. ". With all this Prize he imbarked y and

retiring

The History ^Algiers. r $%$

retiring to afmall Diftance from the Shore, he put out his Flag of Truce,
to fignify, that whoever were difpofed to ranfom their Friends, might
come aboard with all Safety. The Count, who had a very narrow
Efcape, ventured to Morat's Slave- Marker, and there bartered with that
adventitious Flefti- Merchant for his Family, and fuch as he was difpofed
to redeem. Others did the like for thofe who belonged to them : So
that, as ufual, none but the Unfortunate and Deftitute remained in their
State of Wretchednefs. The Sums this Corfair amafTed there, and the
Number of new Slaves he brought away, are not fpecified. As he ap-
proached the S freights, in his Return homewards with his Booty, he got
Intelligence, that Don Martin Padilla, General of the Spanifi Gallies,
with a ftrong Squadron of eighteen Sail of thofe VeiTels, was waiting
for him, in that Avenue to the Mediterranean 5 determined to chaftife him
for the Infolence of his Attempt, in prefuming to go where no Barbary
Corfair ever yet durft even dream of approaching. Morat, rafh and pre-
fumptuous as he always was, judged it not very advifable to tempt For-
tune too far$ but prudently retired to b Larache, on the Tingitanian Coaft,
where he lay about a Month j having his Scouts abroad to obferve the
Motions of the Enemy. One ftormy and very dark Night, rightly judg-
ing the Don to have taken Shelter in fome H.upour, he entered that well-
known PaiTage 5 and, being j got thr% fired his Middle-Gun as a Signal,
for Don Martin not to lofe any more Time in attending^ Off Cape D e
Gata, he met with Arnaud Memmi, who acquainted him with the Death
of a Son of his, whom he dearly loved. Thefe afflicting Tydings deter-
mined him to bend his Courle- to Algiers; where he arrived in September .
having been out at lead four Months. The Compliments made and Ho-
nours done him, at Algiers, were all quafhed by that fenfible Blow he re-
ceived from the Lofs of his Darling Child. The Algerines ftill make honour-
able Mention of Morat Rais, the c Greats as their firft Conductor into
the Ocean : At leaft as the firft Algerine who durft venture on thofe Seas
beyond Sight of Land.

Nothing farther occurred, much worthy Notice, during the fomewhat
more than three Years Adminiftration of this good Bajha. In June if 86,
arrived his Succeflbr, Ahanied Bajha, a haughty, imperious and avaricious

; ;

^Properly Al-Areijb. \ Lock bad to ?. $zh and 527.

I Turk

S 99 The. History ^^hCip^j^\

Turk, who made a mod unjuft Demand upon Memmi Bajha, whom he
came to remove, of 30000 Ducats: With which unreasonable Exaction
this his Predeceflbr (a Perfon who had been always very far from ufing
any indirect Methods to amafs _ Wealth) not 'being very- well able to comr
ply, he found himfelf neceffitated to get aw#y, privately- t$ Temendefufi,
on one of his own Gallies. When the new B&Jha perceived he had mi
fed his Aim, he fuffered Memmi. Mafia's Children and. Family to he con-
veyed thither in a Galeot. This :fcarce-ex pecked Favour* from a Perfon
who feemed fo differently difpoied in his ; . Regard, was fo kindly taken by
the acknowledging Albanian, that, tho' paftj all Panger, he generoufly
remitted to his greedy SuccefTor, by the fame .Captain who brought him
his Family, an obligatory Note for ifooo Ducats, for the fpeedy Payment
of which Sum, his Name-fake and Compatriot Admiral Arnaud Memmi,
jointly wifh our celebrated Merat Rais, became Sureties. Being joined
by his other Galley, he went directly to Tunis,. ,o which State he' was
commiiiioned Vice- Roy, There he governed three Years,, and was af-
terwards twice Bafba of Tripoly j at both which Places};, as <he had done
at Algiers, he adminiftered Juftice to all, with universal ApplaUfe. This
worthy and well-beloved Bajha, at his Departure from Algiers, was in his
fortieth Year. He was tall and ( well-proportioned, jgraceful, comely and
black-bearded. To all Mankind he was courteous ,and affiibiej nor was
he, in any wife, averfe to Chrijtians.

C H A P V\7T

Easha XXIII. XXIV: Ahamed Basha Hidir

"E ash a j the firft Time of his Admimftration

Both Turks
rr?b

AHAMED Bajha, the Perfon of whom we are next to treat, was
a natural Turk, and born of noble Parentage, upon which (di-
rectly contrary to the Generality of that Nation, among .whom Nobility
of Birth is lefs regarded than, perhaps, any where elfe in the whole Uni-

veriej

The Hist o>r ^Algiers. 5 pi

verfc) he much valued himfelf/ Being extremely defirous and ambitious
of this honourable and beneficial Vice-Royalty, he purchafed it for a very
f onfiderable Purfe of Ducats : .Which, probably, was a main Inducement
tohisunjufl: Attempt to reimburfe himfelf out of his Predeceflbr's right-
ful Acquisitions j and who behaved but too handfomely towards fo un-
reafonable a Cormorant : At leaft, fuch helrieWed himfelf on that Occa-
fion. Algiers, indeed, like other far more ;Con(iderable States, began to
dwindle into Corruption. However, in fome other Refpe&s, this Bajha
wanted not his Share of Merit. The flrft Notice- worthy Step of his
was, to forbid the ^Captains of fcveral Gallies and Galeots, who were pre-
paring for the Cruife, to flir out till he was in a Readinefs to go at their
Head : Saying, arrogantly enough ; "' That he would, in Perfon, make
"an Expedition againft the Chriftians, as Hajfan Bajh a had done: And
" that fince that Renegado had led them out, furely he might do the fime>
<c as being fo far that Caitif's Superior. " Thefe were big Words, in Re-
ference to a Perfon who was at that very Juncture, or prefently after, the
Ottoman Sultan's Grand Admiral ! This was about a Year after his entering
upon the Government, viz.

A. D. 1787. In June, this Year, he went out with eleven Gallies and
Galeots, at the Head of which' Squadron he repaired dire&ly to the fmall
Ifland Galita, about thirty Miles from Tabarca (an Ifland held by the
Genouefes, of the Tuni/ities, for' the Coral- Fifhery) from thence to Biferta^
and then to Maritimoj neaY -Trapani, in' Sicily. There he met with and
took a Trader laden with Planks. At the neighbouring Ifland Luflrica
he careened, and then (truck over to the Gulph of Naples j where, at a
Place called Praya, not far from Malfi y landing a Party, he plundered
certain Magazines, and brought 6ffa few Captives. This Exploit done,
he frJeeded- away to the Roman Territory, and there, early in the Morn,
ing, leaped afhore with his Troops, in great Expectation of fome notable
Booty. But before he had Time to do much Damage, the Alarm was
given, and thefe Adventurers were glad to regain their Veflels, and row
away for Life. What fet; them thus upon the Scamper, was the Appear-
ance of Prince^ Gio. Andrea D'Oria, with feven Gallies-Royal, going with
his Lady and Retinue to Naples. The Prince chafed them furioufly till
dark Night > when, defpair-ing of Succefs, he gave over. Haedo is ve-
hemently of Opinion, that if the Chrifiians could have got up with thofe
Corfairsi they 7 would haye carried them every-onej and feems pofitive

1 that

5 p The History 0f-.Ai/i<tt&ii's.

that nothing but want of more Day-light deprived Prince D x Oria of To
important a Triumph. By what has been and fhall farther be advanced
concerning Morat Rats, it is much to be queilioned, whether that daring
Corfair was prefent with the Bajba, in;this Expedition.

Ahamed Bajba> with his -Squadron, Jiay ( ing <efcap$d ; this fore Scouring
/for- fuch our Author feems mighty poficive u would have, proved) he re-
paired to the Gulph of S. Florentio, in . Corjica. There they ravaged a
Place called Faringola, bringing off 140 Captives. From thence they
cut over to the Lignrian Coait j and landing fome Turks by Night, they
fet Fire to a few Houfes of a Town named Pra y about fix Miles front
Gencua-y tho' all they could come qn^wjt-h was one .Man and a Woman.
Upon the Coall of Provence* th-y took a Biigajume wi^fch a few ; Qbri*
Jltins, and uooo Pieces of Eight* lent from S/tm. This Money the
Bajkn initantly iiftributcd among the Captors. Next he itruck away for
the Spamfb Shore j but had not the Qppnr$uniiy.^o do any farther Mif-
chief thereabouts $ ail thofe Quarters havjng ; uHe$;tfoe : Alarm. This oc-
calioned the Cor fair- .5;*$* to think :qf returning to jftgien , where be
arrived towards the End of Auguji, having been out fuU\t<n Weeks.

This was the only Expedition he attempted during the fomewhat more
than three Years of his Adminiftration > tho'. he was continually fending
out his Cruifcrs, and feldom without Succefs : Bot& the^and others daily
coming in laden with unhappy Christians and their Effects 5 but to offer
to enumerate would be endlefs. One Exploit of the famous Mcrat Rats
fhall prefently be taken Notice of.

But the following Extract from one of Haedo's plaintive Dialogues, con-
cerning Captivity -,may give a lively Idea oftrie State of Navigation, in thofe
Seas, about the Time we are now upon, as well as of other Matters to
our Purpofe. Having been faying that, notwith (landing the immenfe
Riches of Algiers, and the innumerable Ravages and Depredations thofe
Corfairs were daily making, they, could not poflibly fupport themfelves
without roaming the Seas for Plunder, and that when Prizes came G>wly
in, the Generality of the People were ju/l ready to pieriiTiu He goes on
faying; " Befides, to this Neceflity they He under of going continually on
'< theCruife, you may add, the Satisfaction and great Pleafure they enjoy
** in the Execution. Becaufe (as they themfelves fay, with Reafon and
" with much more Truth than we could wifh) while the Chriflians, with
** their Galiies, are at Repofe, founding their Trumpets in the Harbours* and

a u very

)

The History a/Algiers. 595

" very much at their Eafe regaling themfelves, palling the Day and Night
" in Banqueting, Cards and Dice, the Corfairs at Pleafure are traverfing
" theEaft and Weft Seas, without the leaft Fear or Apprehenfion, as free
" and abfolute Sovereigns thereof. Nay, they roam them up and down no
" otherwife than do iiich as go in Chafe of Hares for their Diverfion :
" They here fnap up a Ship laden with Gold and Silver from India, and
" there another richly fraught from Flanders : Now they make Prize of
< c a Veffei from England j then of another from Portugal. Here they
u board and lead away one from Venice, there one from Sicily, and a little
'' farther on they fwoop down upon others from Naples, Livorno, or
" Genoua-, all of them abundantly crammed with great and wonderful
" Riches. And, at other Times, carrying with them, as Guides, Rene-
cc gadoes (of which there are in Algiers vaft Numbers of all Chrijlian Na-
*< tions j nay, the Generality of the Corfairs are no other than Renega-
" does, and all of them exceedingly well acquainted with the Coafts of
" ChriJlendom 7 and even within the Land) they, very deliberately, even
<c at Noon-Day, or indeed juft when they pleafe, leap afhore, and walk
" on, without the leaft Dread, and advance into the Country ten, twelve,
c or fifteen Leagues and more; and the poor Chriftians, thinking them-
u felves fecure, are furprifed unawares ; many Towns, Villages and Farms
" facked, and infinite Numbers of Souls, Men, Women, Children and
" Infants at the Breaft, dragged away into a wretched Captivity. With
" thefe miferable, ruined People, loaded with their own valuable Sub-
" fiance, they retreat leifurely, with Eyes full of Laughter and Content,
" to their VefTels. Nay, many of the Renegadoes bring away bound their
" Parents, Brothers, Sifters and others of their near Relatives, whom
" they oblige afterwards to become Mahometans. And all this they do
" without finding any who offer in the leaft to oppole or contradict
" them. In this Manner, as is too well known, they have utterly ruined
fi and deftroyed Sardinia, Corjica, Sicily, Calabria, the Neighbourhoods
" of Naples, Rome and Genoua, all the Balearic Iflands, and the whole
' Coaft of Spain ; in which laft, more particularly, they feaft-it as they
c think fit, on Account of the d Morifcoes who inhabit there j who being
" all more zealous Mahometans than are the very Moors born in Barbary,

d Look back to P. 482, & feq. 540, &f ftq. And Mahometifm Explained, Vol. II.

Vol. II. Gggg they

594 The History of Algiers.

* they receive and carefs the Corfairs, and give them Notice of what-
" ever they defiie to be informed of. Infomuch, that before thefe Cor-
" fairs have been abfent from their Abodes much longer than perhaps
" twenty or thirty Days, they return home rich, with their VefTels
4t crouded with Captives, and ready to fink with Wealth 5 in one In-
* ftanr, and with fcarce any Trouble, reaping the Fruits of all that the
* avaricious Mexican and greedy Peruvian have been digging from the
Bowels of the Earth, with fuch Toil and Sweat, and the thirfty Mer-
M chant, with fuch manifeft Perils, has for fo long been fcraping toge-
" ther, and has been fo many thoufand Leagues to fetch away, either
" from the Eaft or Weft, with inexprefliblc Danger and Fatigue. Thus,
c as is but too obvious, they have crammed moft of the Heufes, the
" Magazines and all the Shops of this Den of ttieves with Gold, Silver,

Pearls, Amber, Spices, Drugs, Silks, Cloths, Velvets e , &V. with an
" Infinity of other Merchandizes, whereby they have rendered, and are
* c ftill continuing fo to do, this City the moft opulent of any one Place,
" either in the Eaft or Weft Parts of the World : Infomucb, that the
<c Turks call it, and not without abundance of Reafon, their India, their
" Mexico, their Peru, " We now come to take Leave of Abamed
Bajba.

Ke governed from June i r 86, to Augufi I f 80 5 leaving Algiers with
five Gallies and Galeots of his own, and accompanied by four others,
which had conducted thither his Succeflbr. From thence he went di-
rectly to fripoly, of which State he was appointed Governor} and where
he was afterwards lanced by the Arabs and Moors in a great and dangerous
Rebellion, whereof we (hall make fome Mention. When he quitted Al-
giers, he was aged fixty, was fomewhat fwarthy and a good Perfonage,
being a ftrift Obferver of Juftice: And tho' proud and haughty, yet
were not the Algerines much diflatisfied with his Government.

c Here oar Author enumerates a tedious Bead-roll of Commodities.

HlDIR

Ihe History 0/ Algiers. 595

Hidir Basha: The firft Time of his Adminiftration.

A. D. if 8p. This Perfon was alfo a natural 'Turk, and, like others, pro-
cured this Vice- Royalty by mere Dint of Money. In Auguft, this Year,
he arrived, with four Galiies lent, or rather hired him by the Captain-
Bajha. Much about the fame Time came in Morat Rats, who in the
preceding April had gone on the Cruife in one of his own Galeots, accom-
panied by t ? -;ee others, ' cry well appointed, one of which was com-
manded by Admiral Arifau'd Memmi in Perfon. Bearing Eaftward, along
the Barbary Coaft, they cut over to Sardinia ; which great Ifland they
rowed quite round, Wert met not with any Succefs. Near Monte-Chrifto
they difcovered four Galiies, appertaining to his Holinefs Pope Sixtus V-
which were there palling along at fome fmall Diftance. The adventurous
Morat called out to his Conforts j " Come on Brothers ! Every Man his
" Bird." But Arnaud Memmi-, who never cared for being over-matchej
(and certainly a Galley-Royal is abundantly obove the Match of the beft
Galeot) told him, he was mad$ and abfolutely refufed having any Hand in
fo rafti an Affair: Nor had either of the other two Captains any Stomach
for that Encounter. Morat ufed all poffible Perfuafions to encourage
them, but all to no Manner of Purpofe. Upon this he left their Com-
pany in a very great Fury. Paffing the Phare of MeJJina, he repaired to
the Coaft of Puglia, where he met with, attacked and carried a large
Trader, of thirty Guns. The defperate Onfet he made upon that Ship
(whofe Nation is not fpecified) was an evident Demonftration of the ill
Humour he was in at what had patted between him and his more luke-
warm Aflbciates. Finding little of any great Value in that Prize (whofe
Lading was only Ballad) he took away what was moft to his Purpofe,
with the forty Chrijiians on board, and all the Cannon, which was very
good, and left the empty Hull floating. From thence he rowed away to
the Channel of Malta, where meeting a French VelTel coming from thac
Ifland, thofe faft Friends to the Turks (between which two Nations fewer
Mifunderftandings have happened than, perhaps, between any others in
the Univerfej except the Bickerings, which of late Years the French
have now and then had with thofe of Barbary) gave him Intelligence of
a Maltefe Galley, named La Serena, fent by the Grand Matter to the

G g g g 2 Coaft

5$><5 The History of Algiers.

Coaft: of Tripoly, in order to get News of the Progrefs of a Rebellion of
the Natives of that State againft the Ottomans. At this Advice, Morat
Rais inftantly ftruck away for the Ifland Lampadofa, fully determined to
fall upon that Galley if it came in his Way. Between that Ifland and
Linv/a he lay fkulking feveral Days -, nor would he ever be prevailed on to
quit the Station j fince, as he was continually confulting his Fortune- Book,
according to their Ufage (an Illufion, fays this Author, truly diabolical)
whether he ihould wait there or pafs over to the Chriftian Shore, the
Lot always came up for the former. Pretty early one Morning, as he was
quitting Limfa, in order to look about him, as the Corfairs are wont
to do upon fuch Occafions, he efpied the Galley, at about ten Miles
diftance, having in-tow a Moorijb Trader, which (he had taken upon the
Barbary Coaft, laden with fome few Commodities, and navigated by about
a dozen Moors, who were all made Captives. No fooner had Morat dis-
covered the Galley, but, calling together his Turks and Renegadoes 3 with
notable Determination he uttered thefe encouraging Words j " This, my
" Brethren, is the Day whereon we are to give Proofs of our Valour and
u Prowefs, {hewing our felves, upon this OccaGon, to be brave and gal-
" lant Soldiers. Dread not Death in Cafes like this : Since for that it is
u that you make Arms your Profeffion j and you quitted your Homes in
*? Search of Wealth and Renown, and to render Service to our Beatified
" Prophet Mahomet. If thofe are the things we feek for, why flay we?
u Advance ! " Having received the defired Return from his whole Re-
tinue, who /bad him lead them whither he thought fit (for, generally
fpeaking, the Jlgerines built much upon the Fortune of this never-once-
fuecefslefs Corfair) he next told his Chriftians at the Oar - f " That they
u fhould fit quiet in their Polls, and not offer to make any the leaft
** Movement: Since, continued he, if the Almighty vouch fafes to
" reftore you to your Freedom, I defire not to be any Manner of Hin-
" derance to your good Fortune. This faid, he ordered them to pull
away in Purfuit of the Galley, which was making off with all poffible
Speed i as judging the Corfair not to be alone. The Chevalier, who com-
manded that Galley, having ordered a Man to the Maft-Head, never cea-
fed inquiring of him, how many Galeots he could difcern. He ftill affirm-
ing, that as yet only one was in Sight 5 he was. ordered to make good
Ufe of his Eyes : The Galeot being now got feveral Miles from the
IOand, and the Look-out conftantly afluring him, he faw but one Galeor,

2. which

The History of Algiers. 597

which rowed furioully, and was apace gaining upon them, the Captain
replied , " If you make good your Words, as to the Number of the
" Enemy, I here promife you a Reward of zoo Ducats. " Morat being
foon got near enough to convince the Maltefes that he had no Company,
the till- then flying Galley flackencd Pace, as amazed at the Corfairs un-
precedented Impudence, who durft have the Prefumption to give Chafe
to a Maltefe Galley, with a fingle Galeot. The Chevaliers were not long
in Debate what Courfe they (hould take j but it was foon concluded to
turn Face to the infolent Purfuer, as to a certain Triumph. Morat and
his Turks having mutually animated each other, and the Chriflian Rowers
being re-admonifhed to be quiet, and as Neuters to wait the Event, this
hardy Corfair gave fo brifk an Onfet upon the Maltefe, that feveral of the
Knights were heard to fay > " This can certainly be no Body but that
" Devil Morat Rah! But, Providence be glorified, his Evil Genius has
" at length conducted him where he mutt pay off all his old Scores. " Not-
withstanding the Readinefs thofe on board the Galley were in to receive
him, yet fuch was Morat's Fortune, that his very fir ft Difcharge took off
all the Chrijiian Gunners, with many more of their moft ferviceable
Hands, who were either killed ordifabled: Infomuch that, tho' with the
Lofs of many of the forwarded Turks, the Conflict lafted not above half
an Hour, before the Galley was entered and carried : " The few furviving
" Chriflians, fays Haedo my Author, being forced to furrender themfelves
<c into the Hands of that Dog Morat, and to change Seats with the
" Turks and Moors there chained to the Banks. " With this notable
Prize our Adventurer ftruck over to the Barbary Coaft ; where not far
from Bona, as he turned a Point, he came out upon a Mayorcan Brigan-
t ine, which lay plying there upon much the fame Bufinefs as he himfelf
followed. This Brother-Corfair of his he fnapped up at a Morfel -, and
forty five vacant Births in his other more important Prize were re-manned
with thofe New-Comers. The fecond Day after this, Morat, with his
two Prizes, their Colours dragging, as is ufual in fuch Cafes, and with
repeated Vollies of great and fmall Guns, entered the Port of Algiers-
Hidir Bajha, who had been there about a Week, and was far from being
a Stranger to our Corfair's Merit and Renown, fent a Guard of Janifaries,
and his own Horfe,to conduct him to the Palace, where he was received in
the utmoil Triumph, and with great Pomp and Solemnity. And, in-
deed, the carrying off a Maltefe Galley, with a Force (o confidently in-
ferior,

5 p8 The History of Algiers.

ferior, made a very great Noife throughout all thofe Parts of Chrifien-

dom e . Several Days after Arnaad Memmi and his Aflbciates came in

quite eropty-fifted. Nor was it a fmall Mortification to them to be told
at the Coffee- Houfcs, " That they had better have been ruled by Morat
<c Rais. "Not that it can be deemed Prudence to venture upon what
is too far beyond ones Match : And all fuch who are acquainted with
thofe Sorts of VeiTels, muft acknowledge a Galley-Royal in refpe6t to a
Light Galeot, to be a very great Over-Match.

At this Time the Commotions in the State of Tripoly began to be very
hot. A certain brave and public- fpirited Santon, named, Sidi labia, un-
dertook to free his Country from Turkijh Tyranny and Oppreffion. The
juft-mentioned Maltefe Galley had been fent thither, as obferved, to ga-
ther Intelligence : For this Lover of his Country had been greatly en-
couraged to that Revolt by the Vice- Roy of Sicily, and the Grand Ma-
iler of Malta. Of thefe the Firlt had promifed him a very powerful A(-
fiftance , which to deferve, he was to put himfelf and Realm under the
Spanijb Monarch's Protection, and which, in plain Terms, was to be-
come his Milch-Cow and VafTal. Tho' when Matters came to the Point,
and a gallant Army of more than 30000 Horfe, with a Multitude or.
Foot aflembled in the Field, by whom the City of tripoly was kept in a
flarving Condition and perpetual Alarms, all thofe Promifes of a Chriftian
Armada vanifhed in Smoak, and all the Succour Sidi Tabia could
obtain at the Hands of thofe his Catholic Allies, who had fomented
him to that Rebellion, was a fmall Quantity of Lead, Powder and fomc
other NecelTaries fent him in a Brigantine from Malta. Mean while the
Ottomans were not idle. The Sultan being informed of the Danger
that menaced thofe Quarters of his Domain, gave Orders to his Grand
Admiral, Hajfan Bajlsa, forthwith to depart with fixty Gallies. That
Captain- B 'ajb a left Conftantinople in July ifSp. At his Departure, he fent
away before him two Galeots to Tunis and Algiers, injoining thofe Cor-
fairs to repair to him at Tripoly. His Letters to thofe of Algiers were
particularly addrelTed to Morat Rais, without taking much Notice of any
others of the Captains, as not deeming them, perhaps, worth abundance
of his Regard. But as we have obferved, it was no Novelty to find
that alTuming Venetian very prone to be arrogant. Being joined by
ihe Tunis and Algiers Squadrons, he fele&ed from them five Galeots,

J Fide Vol I. P. 314.

which

The History 0/ Algiers. 55>p

which he fent towards the Chriftian Shore, to get Intelligence of what was
in Agitation. They got two Prizes, with about eighty Captives on board
themj but they could learn nothing from them to give them Terror j the
Chriftians being all feemingly very quiet and fed ate in their Harbours : So
that the Seas were their own to do what they thought proper. How-
ever, the Captain- Bajh a , without waiting their Return, landed his Army,
confiding of 12.000 'Turks j with which Troops and thofe of Abamed
Bajlm, Vice-Roy of Tripoly, and the Tunifine Camp of 2000 more, he
had divers Encounters with the African Army j in all which his Fire-
Arms had much Advantage over Sidi labia's fine Cavalry. That pretend-
ing King of Tripoly had in his Army about f 00 Cbriftians, bearing Muf-
kets, who in Hope of Liberty, and of being feconded by the Spanijh,
Sicilian and Maltefe Gallies, had efcaped from Tripoly, and lifted under his
Banners. But the Captain-Bajha, finding the Seafon drew on apace, and
not much Good done, durft not flay there any longer with the Sultans
Gallies 5 but refolving to depart, and not doubting but, thro' their natu-
ral Levity, the Revolters would foon grow tired of the Affair, he left a
good Band of his Janifaries, with the Land-Forces of Tunis and Algiers,
and fet out at the End of Oclober. Not long after his Departure, they
came to a general Battel, in which the Ottoman Faction had a notable
Victory. Ahamed Bajba there met his Fate at the Points of the Arab
Lances. As the Unfortunate are always abandoned in their extrcmefl:
Neceffity, Sidi Tahia's Head was perfidioufly taken off and carried to the
Turks, by certain of his moft favoured Partifans. Upon which all thofe
Difturbances were intirely quieted, and that State returned to the Turk's
Yoke, and it (till remains in Pofleffion of the Ottomans ; tho' not always
quite fo immediately dependent on the Turkijb Sultan, as it was in thofe

Days, and feveral Years after. This Paragraph, fomewhat remote from

our Subject, is inferted chiefly becaufe two quondam Bajbas of Algiers
were fo much concerned.

A. D. if 90. This Year the Algerines were obliged to take the Field
again ft the Sultan, or Prince of f Bern Abbas. Hidir Bajha's Camp
confifted of no lefs than 12000 Foot and 1000 Spahis, He fet our. in De-
cember, and was joined by 4000 Auxiliary Moors and Arabs. With this
Force he entered the Territory of that revolted Mountain -Prince, who

[ Look back to P. 407, &f Jeq . to P. 418.

2 waited

600 The History $f Algiers.

waited his Approach at the Head of at lead 30000 Horfe and Foot. The
Place of his Incampment being of mod difficult Accefs, and the Turks,
who were no Strangers to the Enemy they had to deal with, wifely chofe to
have Recourfe rather to Stratagem and Artifice, than rafhly to attempt
forcing them in their Faftnefs.

The Bajha was very fenfible, that he could do but little Good by open
Force 5 the Way up being fcarce fufficient for two to march a-breaft.
He therefore prudently made a Sort of Fortrefs, with Earth, Stones and
Trees, which not only covered his own Incampment from all fudden
Surprifes, but alfo prevented the Enemy from being conveniently fupplied
with NeceSTaries from other Parts. Matters being in this Pofition, and
nothing remarkable occurring, except almoft-continual SkirraiShes, with-
out ever attempting a decisive Battel, the Turks and their Auxiliaries in-
ceffantly doing all poffible Mifchief to the Enemy's Country, by de-
ilroying their Olive and other Trees, to their inexpreflible Damage, all
things were at laft amicably accommodated, thro' the Mediation of a
certain highly-venerated Morabbotb, or Saint, of thofe Parts, who omit-
ted no Arguments to prevail upon each Party to lay afide thofe intefline
Feuds among People of the fame Belief, and, inftead of thus destroying
each other, to unite their Forces againft their common Enemy, the Cbrifti-
ans. Partly, perhaps, with this Consideration, but, very probably, in
Consideration of the 30000 Ducats offered him by Al-Abbaffi, our Bajha
confented to a Pacification, and, without much Lofs, returned to Algiers^
from whence he had been abfent about two Months. He may be juftly
called fuccefsful in this Expedition : For there are few Examples of the
Algerines terminating a War with thofe martial Nations fo much to their
Advantage j and upon this depended the Tranquillity of their whole
Eaftern Province.

Before his fetting out, he fent on the Cruife four Galeots only, the reft
of the Corfairs remaining idle in the Port, to their utter Mortification,
merely for want of Soldiery : Nor were thofe four fent out only left they
Should forget their Vocation, and Chriftendom Should have it to boaft,
" That the Seas were quite clear of Algerines ." Nay, thefe Galeots were
fo ill manned, that inftead of Turks, Renegadoes, and other ftanch Ve-
terans , the far| greateft Part of their Equipage confiSled of Moorijb
Swabbers, and fuch as ufed to row in the Frigatas, or Brigantines, with
other fuch Trumpery. They kept Company till near Sicily where, juft by the

City

The History ^Algiers. 6"oc

City Augujla, in a great Storm, one was driven afhore and loftj as was
another of them upon a Rock near the Ifland Goza. The two others
were, indeed, more fortunate. They got fafe to Cape PaJ/aro, and there
weathered the Tempeft $ which when over, they landed their Troops
(fuch as they were) on the Puglian and Calabrian Coafts,. from whence
they brought away a confiderable Number of Captives, and triumphantly
regained Algiers.

A.B. i fpi. In May, this Year, Admiral Arnaud Memmi, with Morat
Rais, Belli Memmi, and others of the chief Corfairs, fet out with nine
Galeots. Off the Ifland Lufirica, fixty Miles from Sicily, they fell in
among eight Sicilian Gallies. We have obferved, that Arnaud Memmi
and Morat Rats were directly Antipodes > one was as rath and prefumptu-
ous as the other was cautious and confiderate; one as fortunate in all his
Undertakings as the other was fuccefslefs : Yet both of them brave Men,
and, indifputably, the beft and greatefl Corfairs of their Time. Morat
was intirely for the Encounter : But, as it plainly appeared, the Sicilians
had as little Stomach to it as had Arnaud Memmi. He was the command-
ing Officer > and prudently coniidered, that even if he got the Victory, it
muft needs be a very dear one j and fo they parted without Blows, as it were
by Content. Concerning this Matter, Haedo fays to the following Pur-
port : " The Lukewarmnefs of the Sicilians was not a little lucky for /the
" Galeots, which were very indifferently manned -, fo that not the lean:
" Doubt is to be made, but that all or moft of them would have been
" carried by our Gallies, had the Chrijlians been refolute enough to have
* made an Attack. The Corfairs having efcaped this imminent Danger,
4C they returned to Algiers in Augufl following, without making any Stay:
1 Such were their Apprehenfions of again encountering our Gallies > and
" fuch the Fortune of our Enemies ! "

In Otl&ber, this Year, fomething occurred at Naples, which made mucli
Noife there and elfewhere. It was the Efcape of fourteen Captains o
Corfairs from the New-Cajlle of that City. Of thefe Captains three were
very confiderable Perfons, and confequently (Iri&ly confined and.guarded.
The eleven others, being only Commanders of Brigantines, had their Li-
berty to go loofe in the faid Caftle, and were as menial Servants to the
Governor. One of them was Mujlafa Rais, Arnaud, a very noted Alge-
rine Captain, a Man of Worth and Confideration, nearly related by Mar-
riage to Admiral Arnaud Memmi, and who, having been captivated twenty

Vol. It H h h h fix

601 The History of Algiers.

fix Years before, could never obtain his Liberty, tho' great Offers had
been frequently made, and the utmoft Endeavours ufed, as well by Way
of Exchange for Cbriflian Captives as for large Sums of Money: He
like the famous Dragut, being deemed an Enemy too reftlefs, and confe-
quently too dangerous to be trufted with Freedom.

The fecond was Jafer Rats, a bold French Remgado, taken in if $6
near the Ifland Tviza, when nineteen Genouefe Gallies, conveying Money
from Spain to Italy, were paffing that Way. The General of that Squa-
dron of Gallies, underftanding that five Algerlm Galeots lay under the
Ifland Formentera, difpatched away feven of his largeft and beft-manned
Gallies, in order to take or deftroy thofe Corfairs j notwithstanding the
Weather began to grow very ftormy, and he was much duTuaded from it :
Yet fuch was his Eagernefs, that he would not even delay it till the Mo-
ney on board them could be removed to others of the Veflels. 8 No
fooner were the kvcn Gallies got within Gun-Shot of the five Algerines,
but a mod furious Temped arofe ; infomuch, that three of the Gallies
were dafticd to Shatters upon the Rocks, and utterly loft, and a fourth
drove afhore upon a Bank, from whence it was afterwards got off, tho'
not without much Damage and abundance of Difficulty. Two of the
Turkijb Galeots were alfo caff, afhore, paft all Recovery, in the fame Tem-
peft. The other three got a little Way to Sea, and weathered the Storm
as beft they could : Thofe Corfairs beholding the Confufion among the
Cbriftians on board the Gallies, and how they were all endeavouring to
fave themfelves by making to the Shore, they bore away to the Place where
the three Gallies had been loft, and there landed a Body of Turks, who
coming unawares upon thofe Cbriftians who had efcaped from the bilged
Gallies, they furrounded and made them all Captives : Nor was the
Number inconfiderable. Neither did thofe Corfairs fail making them-
felves Mafters of a very large Quantity of the Money, and fome other
valuable Moveables. It was fome fmall Satisfaction to the Cbriftians,
that the Enemy left behind them thofe two Galeots, with a good Num-
ber of their Companions. There it was that Jafer Rais, the French Re-
uegado, who commanded one of thofe Galeots, was made a Captive.

. * Look back to P- 486. where this is mentioned in a Letter taken from Hak/uyt.

The

The History <?/Algiers. 6oj

The third of thofe furkijh Slaves, who were of more Account than
the other eleven, was Hamza Rais, a natural furk, a Perfon of great
Efteem at Biferta, in the Kingdom of Tunis., where he a&ed as Admiral
of all thofe Corfairs. In April ifpo. he went out in his own Galley
alone, and had made feveral confiderable Prizes' upon the Coafts of Spain:
But defirous of making a flill better Voyage, he went upon the Roman
Coaft, where he was mapped up by Prince D'Oria's Son, who was com-
ing from Naples with eleven Gallies. Of the other eleven furkijh Cap-
tains, nine were taken at once by the fame young Prince, as they were
with their Brigancines at Sfacus, between funis and fripoly. The two
others were taken at different Times by the Neapolitan Gallies. Only the
three firft,as we faid, were confined. Having concerted Meafures, the Prifoners
fent to intreat Don Afoaro de Mendoza, Governor of the Caftle, to permit
the reft of the furkijh Captains to pafs the Night with them j it being
their Bairam, or Pafcua. Their Requeft being granted, they emploied
their Time fo well, that with Files they cut thro' the grated Win-
dow, and by Cords got down to one Part of the Caftle- Wall, thro'
which they muft open a Way before they could get to the Sea. This
they effected with fome Iron Crows, already provided by thofe who had
their Liberty to walk about the Caftle. There they feized a fixtcen-Oar
Brigantine, or Pleafure-Boat, in which the Vice-Roy of Naples fome-
times rowed about the Bay for his Diverfion. In this the fourteen Cap-
tive Turks imbarked, with fcarceany Provifions, and made directly to the
IQand Luftrica, where they remained, as beft they could, for feveral
Days ; and there Fortune threw in their Way a Fifhing Boat, with feveri
Chrijlians, whom, anfwerable to their quondam Profeffion, they made their
own. They durft not truft themfelves to the Sea fo ill provided as they
were j neither was their Boat fit for fuch Voyages. Mean while an Ah-
gerim cruifing Brigantine cafuaily came that Way, in which the Captives
would willingly have imbarked : But the churlifh Corfair would not admit
them on any other Terms than their paying their Paflage with the (even
Chriflians they had captivated. This unreafonable Demand was peremp-
torily refufed j for thofe unarmed Corfairs thought much of it to part fo
eafily with the only Prize they had made fince their Efcape. Nor was it
without abundance of Perfuation and Argument that the ill-natured Alge-
rine was prevailed On to leave a fmall Pittance of Provifion. With this
they ventured to Sea, tho* with aking Hearts j and having undergone

H h h h i much

604 The History <?/ Algiers.

much Danger and Hardfhip, they at length got fafc to Biferta^ the Place
of Refidence of Hamza Rais 9 where they were received with extraordi-
nary Rejoicing and great Firing of Cannon.

The Efcape of thefe Captives made more Noife than can be imagined.
The Vice-Roy put to the Torture all the Guards who were to keep
Watch that Night in and about the Caftlej as furmifing that fomething
more was at the Bottom than barely the Induftry of a few fettered Slaves :
But all his Diligence taught him no other than that they had refolutely
undertaken and fuccefsfully gone thro' with a very bold and hazardous
Attempt.

A. D, ifpi. In June^ this Year, Admiral Arnaud Memmi went on
the Cruife with three Gateots, one of them commanded by his Nephew
and great Favourite, whofe Name is omitted. Near Cape Corfo, he fell
in with the Tufcan Gallies, which were there upon a Bufinefs much of the
fame Nature. After a furious Chafe, Arnaud Memmi and one of his Con-
forts had the very good Fortune to ftrike a- head and get clear away, tho*
pretty much damaged $ but his Nephew was taken. He reached Algiers
the Augufi following, where he found a new Bajba juft arrived, to the
great Satisfaction of the Algerines in general, who were very much diffa-
tisfied with their late Governor, Hidir Ba/ha, an old, gouty, petulant
Man, infufferably haughty and imperious, hating the Neceffitous and
mortally detecting all Cbriftisns-y and in mort an infolent Tyrant. Bat
we mall foon find him a fecond Time prefiding over the Algerines^ who
began apace to lofe their Credit with the Ottoman Sultan 5 fo that their
Complaints again ft their Bajhas were of fmall Prevalence. Nor, indeed,
was the Bajbalic of Algiers now fo much coveted as formerly 3 Matters
being arrived at that State of Degeneracy, that, as it is almoft all the
World over, Merit was what leaft of all recommended Perfons to any
Employ whatever. A Governor, tho' his Adminiftrarion had been ever
fo irreproachable, lay liable to the Infults and Avarice of his hungry Suc-
ceflbr, who, right, or wrong, would flick at nothing to re-imburfehim-
felf. So that this once fo honourable and fo much gaped-at- Vice-Royalty
at lad dwinled to nothing in Comparifon to what it had been : And there
are Examples of Bajbas having redded at Algiers fifteen, nay eighteen
Years unen vied, nay, wiiuing and petitioning tor their Removal.

bm - * CHAP

The History o/Algiers. . 605

CHAP. XVI.

Bash a XXV- XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. Shaaban

Basha. Mustafa Basha. Hi dir Basha;

the fecond Time. Mustafa Basha, again.

All Turks.

A. D. if 91.

THO' the Algerines owed their All, as we may fay, to Renegadoes,
yet, like the reft of the World, as they began to find they could
make Shift without them, they aflumed the Whole Management of almoft
every thing into their own Hands j fo that, were we to go on as hitherto,
we fhouldmeet with very few Renegado-Bajhas.

Early in Auguft, this Year, arrived Shaaban Bajha 5 who had no foone r
taken Pofleffion of the Government, but he began to make ftrict Scru-
tiny into the Conduct of his Predeceflbr, againft whofe froward and irre-
gular Adminiftration his Ears were dinned with incefTant and moll cla-
morous Complaints. The Soldiery, more especially, feemed refolutely
bent upon Revenge. Accordingly they aflembled in a Grand piwan* or
General Council of the whole IVlilitia, Great and Small, as they have
it 5 whereat it was concluded to difpatch away to the Ottoman Court a
Deputation of fome refpectable Buluc-Bajbees^'m the Name of their whole
Body, accompanied with coftly Prefents to the Sultan^ his Mini dry and
Favourites, fupplicating, "That the Injuries and Infuks they had received
** at the Hands of Hidir Bajha might not pafs with Impunity." As for
the new Bajha^ he proceeded no farther than inflicting a moderate Fine
upon his PredcceiTor, and bellowing on him fome fmart Reproaches an^
Reprimands. The Perfon pitched on by the Soldiery of Algiers to conr
duct their Deputies to Court was the often-mentioned Arnaud Memmiy
who (being now more out-of-Humour than ever with the Cruifing-Trade,
fince his late Difgrace in the Lofs of his beloved Nephew, tho* he was
feldora very fuccefsful) ^readily accepted the Office, and with his Family
z tcok

6o6 The History ^Algiers.

took a final Leave of Algiers, But what (till more made him hate Algiers,
was the Death of his Wife, and of a much-confidered French Renegado
of his : So that, at the End of Augufl, He imbarked on his own Galeot,
accompanied by three others, two of which carried the Family and Equi-
page of Hidir Bajha, and the third the Algerine Deputies.

Off Cape Pajfaro, in Sicily, this fmall Squadron was very near falling
into the Clutches of the "Maltefe Gallies, whofe Capitana had actually call
her Grappling-irons inta the Stern of Arnaud Memmfs Galeot : But that
dextrous, ftanch Corfair had the Addrefs to clear himfelf from fo imminent
a Peril, and to get away without much Damage. He foon reached Con-
ftantinopky where the Algerine Embaffadors had only Leave to deliver and
distribute their Prefents, but not their Embaffy j for they could never ob-
tain Audience.' Thus baffled, they were. glad to hire two Brigantines, to
convey them to Algiers^ and they departed, with Affurances from Hidir
Bajha, u That they might depend on his being even with them, when-
" ever Occafion fhould offer. " This was, to that high-fpirited, turbu-
lent Militia, a no fmall Mortification.

Shaaban Bajha began his Government fo prudently, and was withal fo
affable and fo Uriel: an Adherer to Juftice, that he was univerfally beloved
by all except Criminals, by whom he was exceedingly dreaded. There
was in his Time great Scarcity of Corn : But, thro' his Diligence and
good Management, Matters went better than could well be expected. The
Winter after his Arrival, the Weather was fo uncommonly tempeftuous,
and the Sea raged with that Excefs, that great Part of the Mole was de-
ftroyed. Several Veffels were loft within the Port ; among which were
the Maltefe Galley, La Serena, whofe Owner and Captor was Morat Rais,
two large Prizes lately brought in, one with Sugar the other with Oyl,
and a French Trader } which laft was fwallowed iip in an Inftant, juft
without the Mouth of the Harbour, and not a Shatter ever feen after, to
the Terror and Amazement of all Beholders.

A. D. ifo$. Nothing remarkable occurred this Year, except the Cap-
ture of a fmall Galeot belonging to this Bajha, furprifed and carried off
by h Von Pedro de Lieva, General of the Sicilian Gallies, at the Ifland
Lufltica.

* The fame who fought the five Englijb Ships* mentioned in P. 587.

A.D.

The History of Algiers. 607

A, D. 1 f 94. In March) this Year, Marat Rais went on the Cruife
with four Galeots. Coafting along the Barbary Shore, Eaftward, he ar-
rived at Jerba, and from thence at Lampedofa. There he found Tokens
thar forae Chrifiian Veflcls had lately palled that Way. For in the Cha-
pel on that defolate Ifland (which is a Sanctuary to all Comers, and never
violated) all Ships that pafs that Way may generally meet with what they
come for, and fupply themfelves, leaving an ample Equivalent, without
which, as Tradition has it, they cannot quit the Ifland, or if they do
they never profper. There he confulted his diabolical Fortune-Books, as
our Author calls them, and the Lot directed him to the Flats, fomewhere
about Tripoly (if I miftake not) called by the Spaniards and others, Las
Secas de Berberia, As he approached, he difcovered two VefTels, which
he foon diftinguiftied to be Chriftian Gallies. Immediately he had Re-
courfe to a ufual Stratagem of his and others of that Profeflion* which
was to caufe two of his four Galeots to take in their Sails and let down
the Malls, which, when towed along by the others, became quite con-
cealed from the Enemy's Sight. This anfwered his Defire j for the Gal-
lies (which were of Tufcany 9 one the Capitana, or Admiral, the other
named S. John) inftantly began to row towards their Prey, with the ut-
moft Fury. Morat fuffercd them to approach beyond a Poflibility of re-
treating, and then, in a Moment, got his unrigged Galeots in Order, and
bore down upon the purfuing Florentines with an Impetuofity of which
he alone was capable. In that Surprife, the Chrijlian Commanders, with
their chief Officers, affembled on board the Admiral-Galley ; and fuch
was their Confufion and Irrefolution, that before they had concluded upon
the Courfe they fhould take, the Turks clapped them aboard. The firft
Attack upon the Capitana was given by a fmall Galeot, which, being too
low, did little Effect 5 as being not able readily to pour in its Men. EutMorat
himfelf coming on the other Side, fired into her one Gun only, and then
threw in a good Number of Turks, who behaved fo, that feveral of St.
Stephen's Knights being laid dead upon the Deck, with many of the for-
warder!: Soldiers, they foon carried that noble Galley, with very little Da-
mage done to themfelves. The S. John was attacked by Morat's Brother
and the other Galeot, commanded by Jafer Rais, a Renegado Genouefe.
She made a tolerable Defenfe, and flew feveral Turks : But perceiving her
Capitana to be loft, fhe was likewife obliged to furrender. The Captive
Florentines immediately changed Seats with their quondam Mujfulntan Slaves

i at

$o8 the History of Algiers.

at the Oar: And the adventurous Morat returned triumphantly to Al-
giers with thofe honourable Prizes, which Port he reached in the fucceed-
ing Ju.'y, and had a Reception anfwerable to his Merit.

We ihould have observed, that Gnce the fucceislefs Arnaud Ahmmi had
quitted Algiers, our brave Motat had fucceeded him as Admiral of all thofe
Corfairs. In a very few Days after he had brought in the two Tufcan
Gallies, he again departed, with what Naval Force he could po^ibly raife
at fo ihort Warning, in order to join the famotis Cigala, then Captain-
Bajba^ who, with a Fleet of ioo Gallies-Royal, was upon the Coaft of
Calabria. That Tttrkifh Admiral's chief Pilot Was Arnaud Memrni, late
Admiral of Algiers', who tho' iuccefslefs in mod of his Affairs, muft be
allowed to have been a notable Mariner. In the enfuing September , the
Ottoman Armada, in Conjunction with the Barbary Squadrons, attacked,
plundered and fet Fire to the City of Rijoles, on the Cdlabrian Coaft. As
the Inhabitants had funjeient Opportunity to preferve their Liberty by a
fpeedy Flight, the Enemy, imaged at the Difappointmcr.r, profaned the
Altars and deftroyed all the Gardens and Pleafare-Houfes thereabouts with
true Barbarian Fury. The Commanders of the Gallies of Genoua, Sicily
and Naples, who had timely Notice of the Approach of this Armament,
arc extremely reflected on for their Neglec>, or rather Cowardice; fince
they might have prevented great Part of thofe Mifchieft : " But, accord-
" ing to Cuftom, fays Haedo, they thought not of moving from their
" Ports till after the Damage was received. " Cigala, having Intelligence
of their Movement, deemed it not prudent to hazard a needlefs Engage-
ment; and the Seafon approaching, he retired to Conftantinopk, with what
he had got and done, leaving thole Seas open for the Dons and Cavaliers to
blufter in as much as they pleafed. No particular Mention is made of the
peculiar Share our Weftern Ottomans had in this Expedition : We are
only to fuppofe them not to have been una&ive Spectators, (landing ftill,
Tbum in Girdle ; becaufe the bare furmifing that would be an utter De-
rogation from their too-univerfallyknown Character: Befides, we muft
recollect, that the Algerines were there headed by Morat Rats.

A. D. i5Pf. In May, this Year, Admiral Morat went out with three
Galccts. Bending his Courfe Eaftward, he came to Monafter,on the Coaft
of ?**;/, near which hefnapped up three cruifing Brigantines of Trapani,
in Sicily, with upwards of ninety Cbrifiian Corfairs. Paffing on, off
Cape Pajfaro, in the fame Ifland, he heard of five Maltefe Gallies then in

the

The History of Algiers. 609

the Port of Syracufe. Thofe Corfairs, Chriftians and Mujfuhnans^ got
News of each other much about the fame Time. The Mujfulmans had
by far mod Reafon to evade the Rencounter : Yet nothing would ferve
the prefuming Morat, but he muft needs put into a Creek at Cape Paf.
faro, and there make Tent, as they call it, with as much Sedatenefs as if
he had been at home. But he narrowly miffed paying dearly for his un-
parallel'd Aflurance, in daring to take his Pleafurc within Scent of Co fij-
perior a Power of his avowed and moft-to-be-dreaded Enemies. The
Maltefe General inltantly difpatched a nimble Brigantine to obferve the
Motions of the Barbarefcbi : But by other Hands he prefently got Intel-
ligence of the Station and Pofition Morat was in, with his three Galeotsj
which Piece of joyful News was conveyed him by a Horfeman, who rode
full Speed thence to Syracufe, and arrived before the Brigantine. With-
out flaying to weigh Anchor, the five Gallies immediately flipped their
Cables. Having reached Fendicar, in turning a Point, they met their
Brigantine rowing for Life to efcape the Galeots, which having alfo flip-
ped Cable, were hotly purfuing , little dreaming, perhaps, that they were
juft upon delivering themfelves into the very Jaws of five Maltefe Gallies.
Tho' it was then near dark, they readily difcovered each other. Morat
took to his Heels, and the Chevaliers betook themfelves to a vigorous
Chace > more particularly the Admiral-Galley, which was an exquifite
Swimmer, and exceedingly-well provided with Rowers. Indeed, it was
not Time for either Party to be remifs, efpecially the Weaker: And on
fuch Occafions the wretched Rowers are heartily to be commiferated, as
may be obferved in P. yi6. of this Hiftory. It was not long before the
Capitana got up with Morat's own Galeot's Stern, and began to pepper
him mod furioufly with great and fmall Shot. The Corfair had nothing
to do but to exert himfelfj and accordingly commanded his whole
Force of Fire-Arms abaft, where all the Danger lay -, and his Turks (o
fmartly plied their Vollies, that a good Number of the braved: Knight s
and Soldiers, with all or mod of their Gunners (which was word of all)
being difpatched, the fuccefsful Morat had the good Fortune to difingage
himfelf from fo imminent a Peril 5 tho' with the Lois of feveral bold
Janifaries and Levents. The Capitana having got her Dofe, and none

J That is, draw Sails over their Heads to made themfelves,

I i i i left'

610 The History of Algiers.

left to manage the Artillery, fhe flackened Pace a little, as having no
Stomach to attempt a fecond Attack. Notwithstanding the Diligence
ufed by the Corfairs to make off the Ground, Morat's own Galeot (for at
him the Enemy apparently levelled their chief Aim) was foon after come
up with and fet upon by the Patrona-GaWey : " With Which, fays our
" Author Haedo, in exprefs Terms, Morat and his Turks were no lefs
t fuccefsful than they had been in their Scuffle with the Captana ;
il obliging her to retire as they did all the others, which, one by one,
<c went on trying their Chance, with the Galeot of Morat, who, in this
'* iharp Conflict, was fo extraordinary fortunate. After this Manner,
" tho* with very great Damage, and five, not dangerous, Wounds, he
<c efcaped from the Clutches of thofe Lions of S. John's Order; who, as
" they have fo good a Grafp, will, I doubt not, one Day or other, get
4< him into their Power; a thing by them fo much coveted, f

From thence Morat, with his Brother, went to Vahna, but the other
Captain, their Confort, was feparated from them in a fudden Storm. At
length they met again, and made feveral good Prizes ; and in the enfuing
September all three returned to Algiers triumphant and wealthy, with many
Captives, and great Quantity of rich Effects. This is the laft Tidings
to be gathered, concerning this redoubted Corfair. They found Sbaaban
Bajha departed for Conftantinople ; having quitted Algiers in the preceding
July, which State he had governed, with general Applaufe and Satisfac-
tion, fomewhat lefs than three Years; and may be counted one of the
beft Vice-Roys the Algerines ever enjoyed. At his Departure he was in
his forty fecond Year. He was fmall of Stature, of good Make, Fea-
tures and Complexion, and of a very gay jovial Difpofition. He was to
all Mankind exceffivcly afrable and well-behaved.

Mustafa Basha: The firft Time.

A. D. ifpf . This Bajha was a near Relation of his Predeceflbr, and
a very good-natured and upright Perfon. As the Term of his Kinfman's
Adminiftration drew towards a Conclufion (for, among the Ottomans^
Governments, &c. are generally limited to three Years ; and if of any
longer Continuance, the Poll is repurchafed^ he made Intereft for this
ftill fomewhat coveted Vice-Royalty. His Competitor Hidir Bajha ufed

all

The History u/Algibri tfn

all poflible Means to oppofe him, partly thro* his own Ambition, and
partly out of Hatred to Sbaaban Bajba, by whom he had been treated
fomewhat roughly, tho' far better than he deferved. During the ihort
Time of this his firft Adminiftration, nothing remarkable occurred. We
(hall foon find him again re-inftated in this Dignity. But, this Time,
before he had regaled ihzJlgerines with his mild Government four Months
complete, they had the (hocking Mortification to behold the Arrival of a
Perfon with whom they had very little Reafon to be fatisfied.

Hidir Basha: The fecond and laft Time.

J. D. i f pf . The Degeneracy and Corruption of the Ottoman Court
fcarce ever appeared more glaringly confpicuous, than upon this Occafion.
Muftafa Bajha, a Perfon unexceptionable, and one who had fairly bought
and paid for his Poft, is, in a very few Weeks, removed by one whofe very
Name and Mention was fo defervedly execrated by the whole Body of the
People oyer whom he is fent to prefide. Nor could any thing in Nature
be a furer Indication of the little Credit the Jlgerine Turks were then in
with the reigning Sultan of the Ottomans, and his Miniftry, notwith-
flanding they are a Militia who, throughout the Levant, are never re-
fufed the honourable Title of the MuJJulman Empire's Weftern Bulwark;
and immoveably fixed, (landing there firm, as they word it, in the very
Jaws of the Infidels, Yet here the Seraglio feemed bent upon mortify-
ing and perplexing this its impregnable Bulwark, or Rampier.

In Otlober, this Year, arrived Hidir Bajba. The firft Step he took,
was to compound with Muflafa Bajha for i f ooo Ducats, which he moft
unjuftly forced from him, and in feveral other Refpects treated very un-
worthily that worthy Bajha. The Pretext he gave for extorting that
Sum of Money from a Perfon who had fo little Time allowed him to re-
imBurfe himfelf of what his Poft had coft him, and one againft whom
the Public was fo very far from complaining, was to employ it forthwith
in repairing the ruined Molej tho' it plainly appeared, that he never de-
signed a (ingle Jfper of it for any fuch Ules. He added, no lefs info-
lently than unreafonablj', " That he deferved no better Treatment for
" having fo long neglected an Affair of that Importance. " Yet he him-

I t i i 2. felf

tfi2 The History ^Algiers.

felf fate quiet with that Money inhisPurfe more than thrice as long without
offering to lay a Stone. Juftly warmed at fuch bafe Ufage, Muftafa Bajba
fet out for the Levant, fully determined to return to that Government,
and pay off all Scores, if by any Means to be effected. Nothing memo-
rable happened at Algiers during the Year's Adminiftration of this petu-
lant old Bafha, who, tho' a grievous Eyefore, nay, an Objec~b of Hatred
to the People in general, failed not to continue fnarling at all Mankind,
and upon every Occafion giving Proofs of a ravenous Difpofition, till News
was brought him, that his abufed PredecefTor was entering the Port, re-
commiffioned for that Vice-Royalty.

Mustafa Basha: The fecond Time.

A. D. if 96. We may venture to affirm, that Hidir Bafba was almoft
the only Perfon in Algiers to whom thefe Tidings were unwelcome. So
well had Muftafa Bajba and his Friends managed Affairs in the Seraglio,
and had reprefentcd the deteftable Hidir in fuch Colours, that the new
Ba/ba's Patent ran in a manner abfolute. Yet the only Revenge he took
on the Perfon who deferved fo ill at his Hands, was to compel him to
empty his Purfe of 30000 Ducats, inftead of the 1 f 000 he had taken from
him 5 faying, " He knew no Reafon why he ought not to contribute
<c 1 ^000 Ducats, for neglecting to repair the Mole for twelve whole
" Months, fince himfelf had been obliged to pay a like Sum towards that
" Work, before he had been quite four Months in the Country. " But
as a farther . Mortification to that Cormorant, he prohibited all Men, of
what Degree foever, under the fevereft Penalties, to purchafe from him any
Slave or Moveable whatever. This he did purpofely, in order to drain
him of his ready Money 5 than which he could not well have done a
Perfon of his avaricious Difpofition a greater Difkindnefs j that being the
mod profitable Merchandize he could have carried to the Levant. But
there was no Remedy 5 he was but paid in his own Coin, and muft fub-
xnit : And well for him he fared no worfej fince he had fet fo fair an Ex-
ample. Foaming with Rage and Defpair, he departed : Nor does it any
where appear what became of him afterwards.

As for Muftafa Bajba, he was univerfally beloved and refpe&ed. As an
Inftancc that he was not of the Humour of his ill-contrived PredecefTor,

The History of Algiers. 613

he immediately fet about the faid Repairs, and other ufeful Works for the
public Good j And with his fatisfa&ory Adminiftration, without any
more Notice- worthy Occurrences, we may bring to a Period the fixteenth
Century.

And here our ufeful Guide, Hitedo, drops us : An Author of whom I
have made very good Ufe, and confequently muft acknowledge my felf
very much his Debtor. In feveral Parts of this Hiftory, I have delivered
my real Sentiments concerning this very-often mod impartial Spaniard.
We muft ftill be obliged to him for the Subftance of the fucceeding Chapter j
and, very probably, upon feveral other Occafions : But in the Hiftorical
Part he proceeds no farther than the Vice- Royalty of Muftafa Bajka.

CHAR XVIII.

Some Particulars relating to the Algerine Corfairs 3 and
their Naval Strength {then confifiing folely in Row-Vef-
fels) at and before the Time when they began to build
Ships.

A. D. 16*00.

AS, hitherto, the AJgerines^ notwithftanding the Figure they made
in the Mediterranean^ have appeared only with Row-Veflels, and
as we fhall foon find them fcouring, not only thofe narrow Seas but alfo
the Ocean, with formidable Squadrons of tall, failing Ships, exclusive of
their Gallies, Galeots and Brigantines, it cannot well be deemed fuper-
fluous, or unnecelTary to open the feventeenth Century with fome Ac-
counts of the Naval Force they were Matters of about that Time, and
fome Years earlier j as like wife to lay down a few Particulars, relating to
their Maritime Oeconomy : And this the rather, fince we have competent
and fcemingly very genuine Materials tranfmittcd to us by a Credit- wor-
thy Eye-witnefs, to whom, in the Profecution of this Hiftory, we have
been already fo much obliged} viz, the Reverend F. Haedo. From his

Chapter^

6i* The History of Algiers.

.Chapter, upon this Subject, the following is an Abjlract, intermixed with
ibme requifite Alterations and Additions, viz.

The Corfairs are thofe who fupport thcmfelves by continual Sea-Rob-
beries : And admitting, that among their Numbers fome of them are (U-
luxd Turks* Moors, Sec. yet the main Body of them are Renegades, from
every Part of Cbrifiendom ; all who are extremely well acquainted with
the Cbrijlian Coalts. The Veflels where-with they, carry on the Cruifing
Trade are either Gallies, Galeots, or Brigantines. Thefe lair, which they
call Frigatas, are only fmall Row- Veflels, from eight to thirteen Banks
or Oars on a Side. The Galeots are light Gallies, from fourteen to
twenty four Banks or Oars on a Side : Of thefe the largeft may well
enough pafs for Gallies of a fmaller Size. Thefe Veffels are perpetually
building or repairing at Algiers, partly in the little Arfenal, under the
City Wall, at the Marine, and partly oppofite thereto, on the Ifland
which now joins the Town by the Pier, or Mole, built by Heyradin
Barba-rojfa-, as we have obferved in the Life of that renowned Bajba.
The Builders of thefe VriTels are all Cbriftians ; of which thofe who are
the Heads, or Chiefs, belong only to the Bejlic, or Public. Thefe Ma-
iler Builders have a Monthly Pay, from the Treafury, of fix, eight, or
ten Quarter-of-Dollars, with a daily Allowance of three Loaves of the
iame Bread with the Turkijb Soldiery, who have four. Some of the upper
Rank of thefe Matters have fix, and even eight of thofe Loaves j nor has
any of their Workmen, as Carpenters, Calkers, Coopers, Oar-Makers,
Smiths, 13 c fewer than three. The Beylic, or Common Magazine, as they
term it, never wants Slaves of all ufeful Callings, particularly furh as arc
of Trades requifite in the Conftrution of Veflels forthe Cruife, and their
I>and Buildings : Nor is it probable they fliould ever have a Scarcity of
fuch, while they are continually bringing in incredible Multitudes of
Chrijtians of all Nations. Befides, few of the Captains are without Cap-
tives of their own, of all thofe neceflary Vocations, whom they purchafe
at high Rates, and generally take with them to Sea, or hire them out to
thofe who have Occafion. When afhore, thefe Chriftian Artificers ar e
ufually aflifting to the Beylic Mailers, in the Conftruction of Galeots, &V #
or whatever elfe they are emploied in* and are obliged to work for only
their Diet, provided for them by the Armadgres, or Owners -, who arc
alfo to fatisfy, according to Agreement, their refpecTive Patrons for their
Labour. At the Rigging a new Galeor, the Ufage is to make great Fe-

i flivity,

The History of Algiers. 61$

ftivity, with much Banqueting, whereat all the Chriflians affifting are
Guefts. Then the Owner, or Owners of the Galeot, together with all
the Captains then at home, are accuftomed to bring Prefents, fome in Mo-
ney, others in Garments, Woolen and Linnen Cloth, Damaftc, Velvet
and the like, each according to his Pleafure or Conveniency, all which
are hung up and expofed publicly on the Mafts and Rigging. Thefe Of-
ferings feldom amount to lefs than the Value of 200 or 300 Ducats j of
which the chief Mailers take a good Share, dividing the Refidue among
all their Afliftants. This is all thofe Chriflian Workmen have, except
Food, till the Day they launch the Galeot. The bed Timber they have
in the Country, or at lead the Place from whence they fetch ir, as nearefl
and mod commodious, is on the Mountains in the Neighbourhood of
Sherjbel, about twenty Leagues to the Weft, where there is great abun-
dance of excellent Pine and Oak of different Sorts, with other ferviceable
Woods for Planks. This is likewife all cut down, fafhioned and brought
away by Chriflians, fent for thofe Purpofes by their refpective Patrons \
and they have a difficult Paflage of, perhaps, thirty Miles, more or lefs,
to convey the fame, on Camels, Mules, or their Shoulders, before they
find the imbarking Place. Nor want they Supplies of Timber out of
the many Prizes brought in and frequently broke up for that Intent.
Thefe Cargoes of Timber thus got to Algiers by Chriflians, are by other
Chriflians rendered ftill fitter for Service. Nor in the Conftru&ion of
aVeflel of any Sort does any Mujfulman offer to put a Finger, except a
few Morifco Calkers and Oar- Makers : So that, were it not for their
Chriflian Slaves, one might fafely venture to affirm, that the whole ex-
tenfive Dominion of the Algerines could not furnifh Workmen capable
of putting to Sea a fingle Galeot. On the Day a Veflel is to be launch-
ed, the Owners and the reft of the Armadores and Captains again bring
Prefents for the Workmen, who have alfo a very plentiful Entertainment
provided for them, and the reft of the Chriflians fent by their Patrons
by mere Strength of Arm to get the VefTel into the Water. As it is
juft going off, they all in general ufe the following Ceremony, which
may very well be termed Superftition. Some Perfon of Credit and Re-
pute cuts the Throat of one or more Sheep upon the very Prow of the
Galeot, crying aloud, as is always done upon the like Occafion, Allah
Hua Achar, I. e. God is Great; which done, the bleeding Victim is let

drop

.6ns the History of Algiers.

.drop into the Sea. This is fo general, that the Omiffion would be
deemed an impious Prefumption, and the Veflel looked on as unprofper-
ous. Their common Reafon for To doing is no other than, <; That as
" the Water there is flained with the Blood of thofe Sacrifices, fo the
" Sea will never fail being tinged with that of the Cbriftiam their Ene-
" mies. " This Cruifing-Trade of theirs was a perfect Lottery (more
cfpecially while they ufed only Row-Vcflels) and has brought as many to
Beggary and Ruin, as it has others to immenfe Opulency. Such Arma-
dores, &c. as had not of their own a fufneient Number of Cbriftian
Rowers to man their Banks, were obliged to hire them of others, at
twelve Gold Ducats per Voyage, Prize or no Prize j and for want of
Cbriftians they hired, at the fame Price, Morifcoes-, Arabs and Africans*
of which there ufed to be many who followed fcarce any other Employ.:
All which had, likewifc, Shares in the Prizes, if they took any. For
this Singularity is practifed by the Algerines (and I believe by all other
Barbary Cruifers) that whoever happens to be on board at the taking
any Prize, whether Cbriftians or Jews Paflengers, and, if I mi (lake not
very much, even Women and Children, they are abfoiutely intuled to
each a (ingle Share j as may elfe where be farther particularized. This
hiring of Rowers was extremely expenfive, and one or two unfuccefsful
Cruifes have broke the Backs of many a Corfair : For in the fmalleft Gale-
ots none of the Oars required fewer than two and three Rowers, and many of
the large ones had four to each Oar, particularly thofe neareft the Stern.
Such as were defirous of trying their Fortunes with feeble Beginnings,
aflbciated themfelves with others ; fo that fome Galeots and Brigantines
had many Owners > feveral of them Merchants and Shop-Keepers who
never ufed the Sea in their whole Lives, but ventured Part of their Sub-
fiance in that Lottery. Each Veflel has its peculiar Hojia* or Clerk, who
keeps exact Account of every Particular : Nor is any Fault to be found
with the Mujfulman Arithmetic, in which Refpect it may be doubted
whether they are excelled by any Nation whatever. As to the Number
of Soldiers they carry, there is no exact Regulation $ but generally an-
fwerable to the Burden of the Veflel : And a fortunate Captain was fei-
dora or never ill- manned, except when a larger Number than ordinary of
the Militia was required for fome important Land Expedition. Generally
the Number of Soldiers in a Galeot was two to each Oar, fo reckoned,

becaufc

7he History ^Algiers, 17

bccaufe there were near every Oar a Seat for two Men, with their Arms,
fjjc. Formerly none but Levents were admitted into theCruifers j but af-
terwards, as has been obferved, thofe two diftinct Bodies, the Janifaries
and Levents, become incorporated. They are compofed of natural Turks,
Renegadoes, and their Sons born in the Country, whom they call Kul-
Oglous.

We have already obferved, that the Kul-Oglous are the Sons of Turks
Renegadoes and Kul-Oglous, indifferently, who are born in any Pare of
Barbary. The Words are Turkijb \ in which Language (which is one
of the Scythian, or Tartarian Dialects, embellifhed and refined with the
Perfian and Arabic) Kul is a Slave, and Oglou the Son, and Co, the Sob of
a Slave : But to be underftood, a Mufjulman Slave. The Plural is Kul~
Ogl-hr. The Turks alfo call all Renegadoes, opprobrioufly, Kukh-Ier*
q. d. Slaves: A Mark of the Efteem in which they hold all whofc
Blood is not purely Turkijb, We have likewife obferved, that the k once-
dilHncT: and long-difcording Bodies of the Levents, or Corfairs, and the
Janifaries have incorporated ; infomuch, that the very Name of Levent
is in a manner loft, and all in Algerine Pay, whether Turks, Renegadoes,
Kul-Oglous and their Sons inclufively, are termed leni-Sheri-ler, or 1 Ja~
nifaries. All this en paffant.

Thefe Corfairs, befides their ordinary Pay as Algerine Soldiers, have no
Allowance for their Maritime Adventures 5 their going to Sea being al-
ways upon the precarious Foundation of No Pur chafe, No Pay : Indeed
the Captain is obliged to find them the fame Portion of Bifcuir, or ra-
ther Rufk, Vinegar and Oil, as he does the Rowers and other Slaves, and
no more. But they carry out with them their own Provifions of Burgol
(or Wheat boiled, dried and broke in a Mill) fome Rice, Potted Meat
Butter, Cheefe, Oil, Olives, Figs, Dates, Railins and the like, aflbci-
ating themfelves into Mefles, juft as they pleafe, and fare tolerably well.
As for the wretched Rowers (as they do elfewhere) they pafs their Time
indifferently enough. In fair Weather and when out of Danger from
Enemies, the Cauldrons boil for them now and then a Mefs of Gruel of
their coarfeft Burgol; otherwife their daily Suftenance is only a fcarco-
fufEcient Quantity of Rufk moiftened, with a little Vinegar more than

I Look back to P. 387. 477. * And to P. 388.

Kkkk half

6i 8 The History of Algiers.

half Water, with a few Spots of Oil fwimming thereon $ and as for drink-
ing Water, it is diftributed with a parfimonious Hand, even when there
is no great Scarcity. But a Galley-Slave is a Wretch all the World over :
Yet the Grand Duke of Tufcany bears the Character of treating his with
uncommon Humanity, as I have heard acknowledged by feveral.

A Cruifer feldom cares to fet out on any Days but Fridays and Sundays.
At their Departure, they falute, with at lead one Gun, the Ames of
their Tutelar Patron, who lies inhumed under a Dome without Beb-
Azvun Gate, crying out aloud, thrice, Slaves and all, u Allah inoura /
** God fpeed us ! " Their Friends take Leave of them with, u Allah
Ct Durnlec tverrer ! God give you a Prize." Notwithstanding their
VefTels are nicely tallowed and prepared for the Sea, yet they very feldom
fail of giving them a fecond Lick over before they venture far upon any
Exploit: Thofe who intend to cut over for the Spanijh Coaft, or the
Bakares, or any where towards the Weft, put into Sher/hcl in order to
fpalm, (as they term it, giving their Vcflel a new Coat) as do thofe bound
upon the Hunt to any of the Eaftern Coafts, or Iflands into either Bu-
jeya or Bona, on their own Coaft, or elfe they pafs on to fome of the
Ports in the Kingdom of Tunis, as Biferta, Port Farine, Calibia, Sufa,
Sfacus, Monafler ~&cc. or the Ifland Jerba. Nor do they ever fail con-
futing their Fortune- Booh, in which they put much Confidence j and
ftrange things are told upon that Topic, far too grofs for the Ears of in-
telligent Readers. Neverthelefs , fo implicitly are they prcpoflefted in
Favour of that unerring Guide, as they hold that Divination to be, that
tho' they evidently behold an aflured Advantage, or on the contrary appa-
rent Danger, no Argument can prevail with them to deviate from thofe
illufive Oracles. Were one to fwallow all one hears, they oftener hit
than mifs : But fome have a larger Portion of Credulity than others.
Certain it is, that the Implicitnefs of Belief in thofe Affairs have fre-
quently hurried on the Corfairs of Barbary to feveral defperate Attempts,
in many of which they have been but too fuccelsful.

" The Algerines (fays this Author precifely, and has elfewhere faid
fomething to a like Purport) generally fpeaking, are out upon the Cruife
Winter and Summer, the whole Year round j and fo devoid of Dread
< they roam thefe Eaftern and Weftern Seas, laughing all the while at the
" .Cbriflian Gallies (which lie Trumpeting, Gaming and Banqueting in
the Ports of Cbrifiendom) neither more nor lefs than if they went a

*' hunting

The History of Algiers. <sip

f< hunting Hares and Rabbits, killing here one and there another. Nay,
" far from being under Apprehenfion, they are certain of their Game*
" fince their Galeots are fo extremely light and nimble, and in fuch excel-
" lent Order, as they always are j whereas, on the contrary, the Chriftian
" Gallies are fo heavy, fo embarrafled and in fuch bad Order and Con-
" fuiion, that it is utterly in vain to think of giving them Chace, or of,
<: preventing them from going, coming and doing juft as they their felves
" pleafe. This is the Occafion, that, when at any Time, the Chriftian
Gallies chace them, their Cuftom is, by Way of Game and Sneer, to
" point to their frefh- tallowed Poops, as they glide along like Fiihes be-
" fore them, all one as if they fhewed them their Pofteriors to kifs: And
" as in the Cruifing-Art, by continual Practice, they are fo very expert,
and withal (for our Sins) fo daring, prefumptuous and fortunate, in a
" few Days from their leaving Algiers they return laden with infinite
" Wealth and Captives ; and are able to make three or four Voyages in
< a Year, and even more if they are inclined to exert themfelves. Thofe
*f who have been cruifing Weftward, when they have taken a Prize,
* conduct it to fell at Tetuan, Alarache^ 6cc. in the Kingdom of Fez -,
<c as do thofe who have been Eaftward in the States of Tunis and Tripoly :
l( Where re-furniftiing themfelves with Provifions, &c. they inftantly
' fet out again, and again return with Cargoes of Chriftians and their
" Effects. If it fometimes happens, more particularly in Winter, that
<c they have roamed about, for any conliderable Time, without lighting
< c on any Booty, they retire to fome one of thefe fcven Places j viz. If
" they had been in the Weft their Retreats were Tetuan^ dlarache or
" 1 Tufale : Thofe who came from the Spanijb Coafts, went to the Ifland
<{ Formentera > and fuch as had been Eaftward, retired to the Iflands
< S. Pedro near Sardinia^ the Months of Bonifacio in Corftca, or the
" Iflands Lipari and Slrombolo near Sicily and Calabria: And there, what
" with the Conveniency of thofe commodious Ports and Harbours, and
* c the fine Springs and Fountains of Water, with the Plenty of Wood
for Fewel they meet with, added to the carelefs Negligence of the
" Chriftian Gallies, who fcarce think it their Bufinefs to feek for them,
' l they there, very much at their Eafe, regale themfelves, with ftretched-

1 ,1 . ;.. 1 ' ; v . . .

1 I remember not ever to have heard that Word.

K k k k 2, " out

120 The History of Algiers.

out Legs, waiting to intercept the Paces of Cbriftian Ships, which
come there and deliver themfelves into their Clutches. "

They, as do the Cbriflians, obferve certain Stars, and in fome Seafons
of the Year care not to be out at Sea, particularly fome Days before and
after the Time called by them, Jl-Jafoom, which commences the twenty
fifth of February, N. S. lading feven Days : But their Dread of ventur-
ing out of the Harbours commences feven or eight Days fooner. This is
grounded on a mod ridiculous Tradition, by Mujfulmans moft fuperftiti-
oufly fwallowed 3 viz. " That, during thofe fifteen Days, a Ship, or
rather a Galley, ail of Brafs, ranges the Seas throughout, but under the
' Surface of the Water 3 and that if thofe on board the faid Brazen Vef-
< fcl, in their Peregrination, firft get Sight of any VefTel at Sea, the
S* {aid Veflel, together with its whole Crew, will infallibly perifh : But,
" vice verfd, if in cafe any of fuch Veflel's Company fhould luckily firft
' efpy that unaccountable and preter-natural Vehicle, then indeed the
** fluid Element would be for ever rid of fo dangerous an Inhabitant $
" for it would immediately be annihilated. " Fine Legendary Stuff

indeed !

" They are, adds this Author (in all which he is very right, and fays
u nothing but what anfwers exactly to the prefent Time) fo extremely
nice as to what regards Cleanlinefs, Oeconomy and Order in their
" Veflels, that they feem to make that almoft their whole Bufinefs 3 par-
a ticularly in their Stowage of every Individual, the. better to enable
tt them to ftem the Current, and to glide on their Way, upon all Occa-
u fions. "It was a common Boaft of theirs, that they cared not bow
the Wind blew, Jince tbey carried the Winds in the Sinews of their Slaves.
To facilitate their thus commanding Wind and Current, they never fuf>
fcr thofe neceflary Eafing-Places at the Heads of their Galeots, &c. as
are in all other Veflels 3 and in Point of Stowage they are fo exceflively
nice, that they will not have any of their Arms, even a Sabre or Dagger,
to hang with a Motion, but carefully lafhed down in their refpe&ive Sta-
tions, often between Decks : And as to their Provifions of all Kinds, it fur-
pafles Imagination even to conceive with what fcrupulous Nicety and
Exa&nefs they ftow them, fo that not one thing can move a Hair's Breadth
from its Place. As a farther Inftance of all this, they almoft always put
even their Anchors down into the Hold, left, by being over-poized on
one Side, the Vcffers Career (hould be impeded. Nay, in chafing, or

being

The History of Algiers. $2,1

being chafed, no Perfon whatever, except thofe whofe Attendance is ab-
folutely neceflary, is permitted to move a Step from his Station, be the
Weather ever Co bad, or their Occafions ever fo urgent.

Next he tells us of the miferable Ufage the Chriftian Rowers underwent:
But as Matters fecm to be apparently exaggerated, and fomething of that
has been already touched upon, and as it all is no other than what is daily
to be feen in every Chriftian Galley, we may only conclude it to havd
been more than fufficiently comfortlefs. But, as has been faid, there are
not now either Gallies or Galeots in all Barbary.

The Booty, of what Kind foever, that they take> either at Sea or off'
the Shore, belongs to the Beylic, the Armadores, or Owners of the Vefc
fels, and the Captors, or Equipage in general, without any Exception*
The Bey Ik, Magazine, or Public, which was then perfonated, or repre*
iented by the Bajha, and at prefent by the Dey, or Doulatli (as that fa-
preme Governor is otherwife called) had then a Seventh (now an Eighth)
and, as we obferved, Hajfan Bajba, that afluming Venetian, had the In-
folence to extort a Fifth. The naked Shells, alfo, of all Prizes belong
to the Beylic. The Public's Part having been deducted, the Remainder
is divided into two equal Portions, one of which belongs abfolutely to
the Armadores, or Proprietors of the Veflel or VefTels, of which the Rats,
or Captain is always counted as one, and the other to the Equipages or
Crew. This laft Portion is thus fubdivided, viz.

The Aga, or Commander of the Soldiery, who is commonly fome an-
cient, refpe&able Officer : . Three Shares.

The Bajh-Sota-Rais, or Firft Lieutenant : Three Shares.

The Hojia it or Clerk : Three Shares.

The Top-ji-BaJhee, or Chief Gunner : Three Shares.

The JVikel-Harje, or Steward : Three Shares.

Second, Third and Fourth Sota Rah, or Lieutenant -, each : Two Shares.

Fvp-ji-ler, or Gunners j each : j - Two Shares.

Timon-ji-Ur, or Steerers j commonly eight } each : Two Shares.

The Soldiers have only a fingle Share each j as has alfo the meaneft
Swabber.

Of the Chriftian Slaves, who always officiate as Mariners, &V. fome
have three, two and a half, and two Shares ; but none under one and a
half 5 out of which Money their refpective Patrons always allow them
fome Part, feldom lefs than half, to fit them out for the Voyage.

i The

6zl The History ^Algiers.

The Officers, and Soldiers are always either Turks, Renegadoes, or KuU
Oglous, very few, if any at all, who are not actually in the Algiers Pay,
and confequently termed Jamfarm ; tho* many of them wholly follow
the Sea, and never make a Campaign by Land. Befides their ufual
Arms and their Provifions, they carry not aboard with them any Cheds
or other Lumber, except their Bundle of Bedding, fucb as it is, being
only two or three coarfe Blankets, or the like, more or lefs according to
the Seafon : Nor, indeed, are any of the Turks, &c. a People very apt
to find much Fault with the Hardnefs of their Lodging. As for the
Moors and Arabs-, they carry only what they have on their Backs. If
they meet with a Ship which makes ReGdance, the fird Soldier who en-
ters it is intitled to his Choice of any one Perfon captivated therein, pro-
vided he be one of any very conliderable Rank or Diftindtion able to
purchafe his Ranfom at a high Price. In plundering any Town, Vil-
lage, or Farm, the Armadores are obliged to allow the Captors of dri-
ft ians ten Ducats per Head, for every one they bring tafc aboard. When
they take an eafy Prize, which offers not to refift, none can lay any par-
ticular Claim to any thing therein, except the Car apart a I, or Plunder
each can lay Hand on, fuch as -all wearing Apparel, Weapons and the
like, and even frequently Parcels of Money, Jewels, &c. are connived at,
except the Ship happens to have the Fame of a very rich Prize j in fuch
Cafes much Scrutiny is made, even among the Turks, and the Baflonado
begins to ftir about upon the Poderiors of fuch as are fufpe&ed of having
handled fuch Sorts of Cat apart ah- As an Indance of this, I knew

a Couple of Aigeririe Spabis who formerly ufed the Sea, one a Turk and
the other a Renegado Spaniard. Thefe young Men being Ship-Mates, at
the taking a Prize in which went as Paflenger a certain Pried, the faid
Turk, who was one of the firft who boarded her, had the rifling
of jthat Ecclefiaflic , who had a Parcel of Spaniflo Doblons ditch-
ed up in a Sear-Cloth about his Middle. The Captor having re-
moved the Contents* he threw away the vacant Ned, which was picked
up by the Owner. When all was over, the Captive-Pried, regreting
his Condition, could not but complain, that if he had not been plun-
dered, he (hould have had wherewithal to have ranforaed himfelf; little
considering, jhat both his Perfon and Effects were become the Property
of another. The Captain hearing of this, had the Pried called, who
failed not producing the Repofitory of his vaniflied Doblons. As a Rais
or Captain has not the lead Power over the Soldiery, the Aga was acquainted

with

The History of Algiers. 6i%

with the Cafe, a Diwan called, and the Prieft interrogated; " Whether
* he remembered who had taken his Money?" In Return to which, he
affirmed that; " He fhould readily diftinguifli him from among ten thou-
" fand. " The whole Equipage being ordered upon Deck in Ranks,
the Prieft took his Rounds, and foon pitched on the Spaniard-, who was,
by the Jga and other Officers, injoined quietly to return what did not
belong to him alone, but' to many others. As he could not deliver what
he never faw, the Mat and Cudgels were brought, and he received 300
Baltonadoes, during which Torture (as well he might) he ceafed not from
protefting his Innocence. When the Turks beheld his Conftancy, they
began to think ill of the Prieft, and urged, that he might alfo partake
of the fame Sauce. That Part of the Story being the Captain's Province,
without abundance of Interceffion, he had him laid down and well drub-
bed on the Feet and elfewhere, exhorting him to make better Ufe of his
Eyes and Memory, and to feek out the Perfon who had his Gold. Now
the real Thief's Heart began to ach in good Earneft. He was got up to
the Top-Maft-Head, hugging himfelf at his narrow IjLfcape (as I have
often heard from his own Mouth) yet heartily pitying the injured Spani-
ard^ who was paying fo dearly for his Roguery j faying to himfelf, at
every Blow.; " Allah curtarfenni^ Yuxis! God deliver thee, poor Wretch ! "
The Crew being again .fummoned to their Ranks, and the true Rogue
among them (who ufed to fay that the very throbbing of his Breaft might
have been fufficient to betray him, had any one obferved it) the Prieft
again went his Round, with a limping Pace, by Reafon of the Sorenefs
of his Feet, &V. Returning to the Captain and Officers, he told them,
" He could not injure his Confcience fo far as to accufe any one wrong-
" fully ; and that, pofitively, that young Spaniard^ and no other, was
" the Perfon. " The poor Fellow had then zoo Baltonadoes more, and
the Prieft afterwards more ftill, and all to the fame Purpofe. In fhort,
the Renegado had in all no lefs than 700 Blows, and his Accufer perhaps
twice as many, yet they both kept in their firft Tone (as one of them
might reafonably do) the Turk kept what he had, and the Equipage were
divided in their Sentiments, tho' it appeared mighty plain, that they were>
fome how or other, bubbled out of between thirty and forty Double-

Doblons, Why 1 am {o particular in this Matter is, becaufe I have

often difcourfed both Parties upon the Subject, and fometimes Face to
pace (for that fortunate Thief, after he had quitted the Sea-Service, never

z attempted

$24 The Hist orv *f Algiers.

attempted to make a Secret of it) and was always the more furprifed at the
ftrange Infatuation of the faid Prieft, bccaufe one feldom meets two Per-
fons fo little refembling each other in Countenance and Feature as do that
Turk and Spaniard : Beiidcs the Turk has a very remarkable Finger, which
having been (battered with a Piftol Bullet, forms a perfect, Square- Angle
crofs the next Fingers. To return.

The Aga is always a Curb upon the Captain, and indeed upon all the

reft : And if a Captain is remits in his Duty, in any refpec~fc whatever, as

if he behaves cowardly in declining to engage with his Match, is fu-

fpecTed of taking a Bribe from any Ship in Amity with Algiers whofe

Pafs is dubious (in which Cafe he ought to carry her in) or any other Mif-

demeanor, the Aga makes his Report to the Vice- Roy, who orders the

offending Rah a Reward of fome hundreds of Drubs upon the Buttocks,

more or lefs according to the Nature of his Crime, fending him out on

the Cruife again, with Injunctions to behave better, and be more circum-

fpect for the future. Sometimes, indeed, the Mediation of Friends and a

Purfe of Ducats will fet all things to Rights : And the Fort u ne- Book,

as has been obferved, goes a great Way in all thofe Affairs > but then

it is not in any wife advifeable for the Captain to conclude upon any thing

without the Concurrence and Approbation of the Aga. Tho', among

the Turks, nothing is fo difgraceful as Theft, nor any Crime more feverely

punifhed, yet the purloining Booty from a Prize, or any where elfe from

an Enemy, is not difgraceful, as going under the Denomination of Cara-

portal, or Plunder, and is onljt attended with the abovementioned Confc-

quences. The great Thieves, indeed, as every where elfe, may plunder

and opprefs the Public at Pleafure, and without much Scandal, while the

pilfering Varlet is feverely handled > but in the End thofe Cormorants

generally come worfe off in Mujfulman Climes than they do elfewhere.

But what is all that, you will fay, to the Barbary Corfairs ? The C*-

pudan, or Admiral of Algiers, was formerly put in by the Sultan alone ;

now by the Dey : The fame was and is at Tunis and Tripoly. This Officer's

Power| is not exorbitantly great, tho' he always bears Command over all

when at Sea, and may take out with him whatever Veflels he chufes, if

poffibly to be got in a Condition $ nor can any of his Company quit him

without Leave. His fettled Stipend and Allowance is one Fifteenth of all

Prizes, Slaves, &c. but, generally fpeaking, he takes what is prefented

him by the Armdorcs, without offering to call them to #ri& Account,

The History 0/ Algiers. 61$

or to life Compulsion.- When Prizes are plenty, the Captains are
often obliged to turn afhoremany who prefentthemfelvcs for the Voyage,
their Veflels being too much crouded : In fuch Cafes, the Moors are al-
ways fent packing, and the forks, &c. retained. But when there is a
Dearth of Traders upon the Seas, as in Time of War between the Eu-
ropean Potentates, or if the Captain who is going out is unfuccefsful, or
otherwife bears an indifferent Character, then the Crews are thin enough,
and the Corfairs are glad to entertain all Comers.

When a Corfair has taken a VefTel of any great Confederation, he de-
fies from his Cruife, takes in-tow his Prize, and directs his Courfe home-
ward. But if it is of fmall Value, he fends it away to Algiers with a
Lieutenant and a few Moors, retaining the Crew, and proceeds in queft of
farther Booty : Tho' if it proves a Ship deemed not worth fending home,
and he meets with no Interruption, fhe is rifled of what may be of Ufe,
and funk 5 for if they can avoid it, they feldom leave any floating, as
having in them, like mod Enemies, too much of the Nature of the envious
Dog in the Manger. One may readily know when a Corfair has taken a
Prize, fince, if the Weather will permit, he always brings her in-tow,
and approaches, firing every now and then a Gun, till he enters the Port :
And fometimes, for Joy, he continues firing the whole Day long. One
may, likewife, know at a Diftance what Nation the Prize is of, by her
Colours, which he commonly brings in flying at the Bolt-fprit-Top. If
it is a very rich Prize indeed, he fpares no Powder, but fires perpetually,
even before he can be teen or heard from Algiers. Being come into the
Road, the lAman-Rais, or Captain of the Marine, goes aboard in his own
Barge, inquiring what News they bring from Sea, informs himfelf of
the Particulars of the Prize brought in, and inftantly returns with hi*
Report to the Palace. The Galeot being entered the Port, the Slaves
let go the Oars into the Water, to each of which is fattened a fmall Cord.
Immediately all or Part of them being unfettered, when the very next
thing they do is to carry away the Oars to one of the Magazines there at
hand. This is done in order to prevent the Captives from attempting to
row away with the Veflcl white the Crew are getting afhore. Thefc
are the Times when Algiers very vifibly puts on a quite new Coun-
tenance , and it may be well compared to a great Bee- Hive j all
is Hurry , every one bufy and a chearful Afpec~b fucceeds a ftrange
Gloom and Difcontent, like what is to be been every where elfe, when

L 1 1 1 the

$ 2 6 The History f Algiers.

the Complaint of Dulnefs of Trade, Scarcity of Bufinefs and Stagnation of
Cajb reigns univerfalj and which is conftantly to be feen at Algiers during
every Interval between the taking of good Prizes : All which Intervals
we may, not very improperly, term the Vacations of Algiers. One can meet
with no People under the Sun who better verify the vulgar Proverb, of Spend-
ing under the DeviFs Belly what is got over his Back, than do the Corfairs
of Barbary, and we may fay particularly thofe of Algiers. Grown fhabby
in Apparel after one or two unfuccefsful Trips to Sea, in a very few
Days after a lucky Rencounter upon the Element, you behold them
flruting and fwaggering in a very different Garb, either drunk as Swine
at the Bagnios, or airing their filthy Bardaches, drefled up like Co many
tinfelled Puppets > in all which Abominations they publicly pride them-
felves. But that String, beaftly as it is, may, probably, be elfewhere
more copioufly touched upon.

Their Naval Force, about the Time when Haedo breaks off, confifted
of the following Number $ viz.

Banks on a Side 24. Galeots jj

**. r.

zz.- rr .

Thefe fifteen may be counted Gallies, tho' very much inferior to Gallies-
Royal.

Banks on a Side. 20; Galeots. 8.

Of all thefe Captains only fourteen 1 9 . , r

were not Renegadoes; and not one 18. r.

of them a Moor. if. .2.

11,

Total 3$.

With thefe Veflclsthe Mifchiefs they did are fcarce conceivable} nor
does it any where appear, that their Number of what went under the
Denomination of Galeots ever amounted to complete fifty. Of Frigatas 9
or Brigantines, none of which exceeded fourteen Banks on a Side, and
which were not ever rowed by Chriftians, they feldom had more than

thirty

The History of Algiers, 527

thirty. Haedo makes mention of only twenty five ; great Part of which
belonged to the Morifcoes of Sherjbel. They were mod in Vogue when
Spain was full of thofe People . Thefe pilfering Cruifers are (till kept
up, tho' in no great Number * nor do they fcarce ever flourifli long, be-
ing either loft or mapped up at their firft or fecond going out. Not
long fince, no lefs than nine or ten new Brigantines mifcarried in one
Summer.

3S3aOQ aOPQOQ9QQ0OQPOQ Q OCQOQQOQQOQ9OQ 0O0 O

CHAP. XIX.

The Progrefs of their Sea- Affairs, till the Mifcarriage
of Sir Robert Manfel, in his Attempt upon their Ships,
&c. in the Port.

A. D. 16*01.

AC C O R DJ N G to Mariana and others, a great Armada, under
Conduct of the Spanijh Admiral, Gio. Andrea D'Oria, was fent
againft Algiers. This Fleet entered the Bay, Augufi f. by Night, undif-
covered : But the Winds proving contrary, that Prince was foon obliged
to retreat. The Place was in a very good Readinefs for his Reception,
and this Expedition is talked of as the mod fortunate Attempt the Spani-
ards ever made upon that Place, becaufe they got off with leaft Da-
mage m .

m In the foregoing Volume of this Hiftory, we have taken Notice of the Defeat of two
Spanijb Armadas before this City, befides that lamentable one, in 1541. when Charles the
Emperor attacked it in Perfon. Upon that Occafion we mould have obferved what Mariana
tells us concerning the renowned Herman Cortes, Conqueror of Mexico, who accompanied
Don Carlos in that inaufpicious Expedition; viz- The Galley wherein that brave General
was being bulged, he found himfelf obliged to fwim for his Life ; in doing which he loft
out of a Napkin tied round his Middle two moft precious Veffels, made out of intire Eme-
ralds, valued at 300000 Ducats - . While the Divers were fearching for that Monarch's
Diadem, it would, methinks, have been worth while to have fought for thofe rich Cups all
under one. Vide Vol. I. P. 303.

L 1 1 1 2 That

6i% The History of Algiers.

That whic(j went thither two Years after, according to the Teilimo-
nics of feveral, got not off half fo well $ the Elements not failing once
more to favour thofe Perturbators of Commerce, as they often do upon

fuch Occafions. It is needlefs to enter upon farther Particulars : But I

cannot forbear obferving, that the vifible Tokens of Satisfaction a,t thefe
Difappointments fhewed by the Morifcoes of Spain went a coniiderable
Way towards their Expul/ion, which memorable, tho' not very juft and
politic Tranfaction happened foon after, viz. in the Years i6op and 1610.
as may be found, together with all the Steps taken towards that great
Revolution, in Mahometifm Explained. Vol. II. under Title of the Cafe
of the Morifcoes. That Expulfion is taken to have been one of the r>arti-
cular Reafons, why the Algerines began to puih fo vigoroufly for a ftrong
Fleet of Sailing Ships, inftead of having their whole Force in Galeots,
&c. For when thofe People began to be threatened therewith in good
Earned, the Corfairs of Algiers were very confcious, that if it ever came
to pafs, they ihould infallibly be at a great Lofs for never-failing Intro-
duclors all along the Spanijh Coafts, and confequently they fhould lofe a
very confiderable Branch of their Trade, Tho', indeed, another particu-
lar Reafon/was, the vaft Expence they mud unavoidably be at it manning
their Galeots with Rowers, as may be obferved in the preceding Chapter. u
To thefe-we may add the Unfitness of thofe VefTels for* Winter Expedi- _
tions, and for long Expeditions in any Seafon. They were at War with
all the Powers of Europe except their fall: Friends the French, and of late
Years the EngUJb ; tho' we fliall foon find them fetting, thofe Powers, as
well as all the reft, at open Defiance, notwithstanding the ftric~r. Alliance
then fubfiiling between the Englijh, French and Ottoman Courts. Bold
Steps for fo inconiiderable a People ! *

It was very early in this feveriteenth Century that the Algerines (and
their JExample was foon followed by thofe of Tunis and Tripoly) began to
fhew themfelves at 9ea with Square-Sailed Ships 5 and our Nation bears
the Honour of having taughtT them how to build and navigate thofe Sorts
of Veflels. Whoever taught them, or whenfoever it firft was, is not fo
very much to the Purpofej nor does it any where appear how or when :
they came to a Rupture with us, whom in this very Article of being
their firft Ship-Wrights, they themfclves fcruple not to allow to have
^ been their Benefactors 3 yet as to the early Progrefs they made in their

Navi-'*

The History of Algiers. 329

Navigation, the following Abstract of an authentic Letter is a fufficient-
ly-convincing Argument that they were no Bunglers. It bears Date, Ma-
drid, Oclober 1. 16 itf. O. S.

Sir Francis Cottington to the C D. of Buckingham.

May it pleaje your Honour,

" My laft unto you was of the 2.3 d of September, by Mr. Berrie, who
that Day departed from hence towards England, with Intention to take
" Paflage by Sea from St. Sebajlian's : And altho' I conceive that this
" Conveyance will be much fpeedier (it being by an Extraordinary dif-
w patched for Flanders) yet for that I hold the other to be fure, I will
' not forbear to trouble your Honour with my Repetition of that Dif-
" patch.

" The Strength and Boldnefs of the Barbary Pirates is now grown to

" that Height, both in the Ocean and Mediterranean Seas, as I have ne-

" ver known any thing to have wrought a greater Sadnefs and Diffraction

" in this Court than the daily Advice thereof. Their whole Fleet con-

" lifts of forty Sail of tall Ships, of between two and four hundred Tun s

" a piece : Their Admiral of five hundred Tuns. They are divided into

" two Squadrons > the one of eighteen Sail remaining before Malaga, in

" Sight of the City 5 the other about the Cape of Santa Mat]ia, which

" is between Liston and Seville. That Squadron within the Streights en-

u tered the Road of Moftil, a Town by Malaga, where, with their Or-

" dinance,^they beat down a Part of the Caftle, and had doubtlefs taken

" the Town, but that from Granada there came Soldiers to fuccour it >.

iC yet they took there divers Ships, and among them three or four of

" the Weft Part of England. Two hjg Englijh Ships they drove afhore,

" not paft four Leagues -#om Malaga -, and after they gotten Shore alfo,

" and burnt them, and to this Day tfyey remain before Malaga, inter-

" cepting all Ships that pafs that Way, and abfolijtely prohibiting all

"Trade into thofe Parts of Spain. . The other Squadron, at Port Santa

" Maria, doth there the like, /intercepting all Shipping whatfoever.

".They lately met "with fevcti Sail of Englijh Ships (all of London, as I

" lake it) but, laden only with Pipe-Staves, which they had taken on the

JJ Coaft of Ireland by the Way. Five of thefe> viz. the Mary-Ann,

the

> **

63 The History of Algiers.

Cl the Mary and John, the Rebecca, and Gibbs of Sandwich, and one
" ^o/& Cheyney of London, they took, and the other two efcaped. They
4C robbed them only of their Victuals, their Ordinance, and of fome
u Sails, and fo let them go 5 but in their Company was alfo taken a great
il Ship of Lubeck, faid to be very rich, which they ftill keep, with all
" the Men. They have few or no Chriftiam aboard them, but all either
" Turks n or Moors, and the mod Part are of thofe which of late Years
" were turned out of Spain, for Morifcoes. They attend, as it feems,
" and as themfelves report to them that have been aboard of them, the
" coming of the Weft-India Fleet, which is now very near. But from
" hence they have commanded the Armada, which was divided into
<c three Squadrons, to be joined together, and Advice is brought that it is
? fo, and now confifls of twenty ftrong Ships: Don Juan Faxardo, the
u General, hath alfo exprefs Order to fight with the Pirates, not admit-
u ting any Excufe whatfoever j but the common Opinion is here, that he
" will be able to do them little Harm, becaufc his Ships are of great Bur-
w then, and they will be able to go from him at their Pleafure: And the
cc other Squadron within the Streights will always be able to fecure their
" Retreat thither. I doubt not but in my next Difpatch, I fhall be able
** to tell your Honour what Don Juan Faxardo either hath or will do to
i{ them. If this Year they fafely return to Algiers, efpecially if they
c< fhould take any of the Fleer, it is much to be feared, that the King
w of Spain's Forces by Sea will not be fufficient to reftrain them here-
" after, fo much Sweetnefs they find by making Prize of all Chriftians
" whatfoever. The Secretary of the Council of War hath hereupon dif-
<c courfed much unto me, and by him I perceive, that here is an Inten-
>" tion to move his Majefty, the King our Matter, that he will be pleafed
" to join fome of his Sea-Forces, upon good Terms, with this King^
" for the fuppreffing thefe Pirates, if they fhould hereafter grow and in-
u creafe, as hitherto they have done, feeing they now profefe themfelves
u the common Enemies of Cbriftendom. Many Reafons he gave me,
" that he thought might move his Majefty thereunto : But that whereon
* c I mod reflect is, that thefe Courfes of the Pirates do but exercifc th e
" Forces of the King of Spain by Sea, and put an Obligation on him by

n He forgot to add Renegadoes.

i all

The History ^Algiers, 631

u all Means to ftrengthen and increafe his Armada, and keep in Pra&ifc
" his Sea-Soldiers, without doing him any great Harm, for that the
" greateft Damage will always fall upon the Merchants that trade into
* 6 thofe Parts, of which the EngUJb will ever be the greateft Number,
" and the greateft Lofers. And as for the taking of his Fleet, it is not to
ic be imagined 5 for that befides that they come very ftrong, confiding of
fifty great Ships, of which eight are Galeons of War, they (hall al-
" ways be met and guarded by the Armada. Your Honour may be
" pleafed to acquaint his Majefty of what I here write ; for I perceive
<{ it is expected, that I fliould advertife what the Secretary hath difcourfed
" to me j which I would have done more at large, but I am ftreightened
u with want of Time. Yet I may not forbear to advertife your Ho*
ct nour, that the faid Secretary told me withal, that the laft Year the
" States defired Leave of this King for certain Ships of War, which
''.they had armed to Sea againft Pirates, might have fafe Recourfe into
<c thefe Parts, which was accordingly granted them 5 but that inftead of
cC offending the Pirates, the fame Ships fold in Algiers, as much Powdery
" and other warlike Provifion, efpecially Powder, as furniflied the aforc-
<c faid Fleet, which they have now at Seaj a thing which is here, he fays;
* very ill taken. " Cabala. Vol. I. P. 206, fcfV.

A. D. if 17. - m The firft Chriflian Potentate I find' endeavouring in Ear-
ncft to crufh or at leaft to chaftife them for their daring Infolence, was
the King of France: And this was the firft Quarrel of any Moment I
find ever to have happened between the French and the Algerines. It. is
not mentioned, directly, when or how the Rupture took its Com-
mencement 3 it is only faid, That the Coafts of Provence being grievoufly
infefted by the Barbary Corfairs, M. de Beaulieu was fent againft the Al-
gerines with a ftout Fleet of no lefs than fifty Sail, between Men-of-War
and Gallies. Off S. Tropez he took one of their Cruifers. Thence he
proceeded in queft of their Main-Body, of which he had Intelligence,
and which had been doing very confiderable Mifchiefs in all thofe QuaiV
ters. Falling in with feveral of them , he in Perfon attacked one of theijf
largeft Ships, commanded by a Renegado originally of Rochel This Cap-
tain for fome Time made a moft defperate Refiftance y but being over-
powered, and dreading the Event of falling alive into that Admiral*!
Hands, he funk his Ship, and perilhed with his whole Company. Anv

other

6$i The History >/ Algiers.

other Renegado Captain left the Ship he commanded, and got away in
his Boat. A fourth Ship was funk ; but all the reft getting clear off, the
Trench Admiral bore away, with his two Prizes, for the Port of Mar-
fielles.

The Court of Spain was fufficicntly alarmed before at the terrible Ha-
vock the Corfairs were continually making, as we may have learned from
the Letter from Madrid: And it is well known what Influence Count
Gondomar, the Spanijh EmbafTador, had at our Court, during the Reign
of King James I. As for the Morifcoes, who from Spain had pafTed over
to Barbary, they were too much exafperated againft their Perfecutors not
tofeek Revenge-: And as they were fo well acquainted with the Coafts,
AccefTes and Recedes of their native Spain, the Edge of their Fury fell
upon thofe Spaniards neareil the Mediterranean. The EngHJb Traders
were, alfo, too great Sufferers in the common Calamity, for thofe at the
Helm to remain wholly unmoved, even had Count Gondomar been in lefs
Credit at the Court of England. The following Particulars give a lively
Infight into all thofe Affairs.

At a Confultation, at London, in 1617. held by the Lords of the Coun-
cil, Sir William Monfon being called, and his Opinion asked * " How
" the Algerines might be fupprefTed, and their Town attempted ? " He
gave in the following Anfwer : Great Part whereof being too much to
the Purpofe to be omitted, it here goes inferted, together with a few

others of his Obfervations, relating to our Subject ; viz.

Sir William Monfon^ Advice, concerning an Expedition againft

the Algerines.

1. Becaufe an Expedition againft the Pirates could not be the Employ-
ment of one Fleet, for the Space of fix Months only, but that it is ra-
ther like to prove a Work of Years, it is neceffary, that all the Maritime
Towns of Europe do contribute towards the Expence and Charge : For,

This brave Gentleman ferved fifty Years in the Royal Navies of England. He was
bom in 1 569. Went ftrft to Sea in 1 585. when the War with Spain broke out. In 1 587. he
was Captain, and in 1589. he aft ed as Vice-Admiral, under the Earl oi Cumberland. The
laft Voyage he made was in 1635. He finiihed his curious Navel Trails in 1641. I find no
Mention nude, how long he lived afterwards.

considering

The History of Algiers. 63$

considering the Profit will be univerfal, there is no Reafon but the Charge
fhould be as general.

1. Becaufe every Nation is not provided with fwift Ships and Strength
alike for fuch an Action, which arc the two principal Things, it is fit that
the Fleets, that mud fecond one another, confift of Englijb, P Spaniards
and Hollanders^ as moft able to perform the Service, in refpect of their
Strength and fwift Sailing, as aforefaid : And all other Towns and Coun-
tries bordering upon the Seas, which cannot furnifh, able Ships, to pay
their Quota in Money.

3. This being agreed upon, it muft be like wife refolved, that as the
Charge is general, fo the Gains|may be equally fharcd and divided j which
muft arife from the Sale of fuch Turks and Moors as fhall be taken for
Slaves, and of fuch Goods as fhall be recovered out of the Pirates Hands,
where no Proprietor can challenge the fame.

4. The Ships emploied, to be rated after the Proportion of Men and
Tunnage s as for Example : So many of his Majefty's Ships as will carry
in all 3000 Tuns Burthen, and 1100 Men, Spain and Holland fending Ships
proportionably, will be a Force fufficient to encounter the whole Num-
ber of the Turkijb Pirates.

f. It is not convenient to employ any Ships under if Tuns, nor above
300 ; the King's Ships excepted : Becaufe a lefler Ship, lofing Com-
pany, will become Prey to an Enemy j and if bigger than 300 Tuns, it
will fill up the Quantity of Tunnage, and Number of Men, and be able
to do little more Service than the lefTer Ship: For the more are the 300
Tun Ships, the abler will they be to purfue the Pirates, if they are forced
to fcatter : For every Ship muft undertake a Pirate j and if there be more
Pirates than Ships of ours, the Overplus in Number to ours will efcape
for want of Ships to follow them.

6. The Generals to execute Martial Law, and to determine their Au-
thority before they meet, to avoid Queftions and Differences that other,
wife may happen.

7. To have fafe Conducts to all Chrijlian Ports, and Authority to be fup-
plied with all NeceiTaries they {hall want 3 as alfo Provision for the fick
and hurt Men: And fuch Ships or Prizes as they {hall take from the Pi-
rates, to be left in fafe Cuftody in the faid Ports.

* Portuguifts included j that Crown keing then annexed to that of Spain.

M m m m 8. To

634 T/be History of Algiers.

8. To carry Money, or Commodities to re- victual, and all Kinds of
Provifions to trim and careen their Ships, with one Mafter-Carpenter to
have the overlooking and ordering the State of the Shipping. It is better
to carry Commodities than Money for their Occafions, becaufe of the
Lofs between our Money and that of foreign Countries j and befides it
will be a Gain to exchange Commodities.

p. To have a Treafurer to look to the Payment of Money, and a Stock
for the Difburfement of all NecefTaries for the Voyage.

10. To be extraordinarily well provided with Muskets and Ammuniti-
on, and efpecially with Chain-Shot for the Ordinance j becaufe, where
there are many People, as commonly in Pirates, the Chain-Shot will make
a great Slaughter among them, and fuch Confufion withal, where there
are fo few Sailors to tackle their Ships, that they will be taken upon the
Stays, or lie upon the Sea at our Mercy.

11. To make the Ships Musket-Proof, which will begone with little
Charge, and no Burden to the Ships j and to have all the fpare Decks,
and other Things of Weight to be taken down, and only put up occafi-
onally, which will be a great Eafc to the Ships Sailing.

12. Forafmuch as the chiefeft Care in a Sea Action confifts in keeping
the DeGgns fecret, this Voyage requires fpecial Secrecy : For there being
feveral Englijbmen, who have been too bufy in trading with Pirates, and
furnifhing them with Powder and other NecefTaries, it is to be feared
thofe fame EngUJbmen will endeavour to give the Pirates Intelligence;
left, they being taken, their wicked Practifes ftiould be difcovered : For
Prevention whereof, it is neceflary that our Ships be provided under an-
other Pretence than Pirates, and the Captains themfelves not to know of
it till they are at Sea.

13. That the King of France do prohibit his Subjects, and efpecially
thofe of Mar/telles and Toulon, to trade with Pirates, who now make it
a common and daily Pra&ife, and from whom they will have Notice of
our Preparations, if not fo prevented.

14. The Place of Rendezvous to be at the Iflands of Bayona, the hi-
thermoft Part of Spain 5 as moil convenient for all Squadrons to meet
without Sufpicion. England and Holland may pretend feveral Enterprifes,
without Knowledge of one another till their Meeting. The Spanijh Squa-
dron coming thither from St. Lucar, Cadiz, or Lisbon, will make the
Pirates of Algim and Tunis think the Preparation cannot be againft them -,

the

The History ^Algiers, 6$s

the Spanijb Squadron being furnifhed in the nigheft Part of Spain to them,
and carried to the fartheft from them.

if. The Time of the Year to be mAuguft, or September ; for in thofe
Months the Pirates ufually put to Sea, becaufe of the Vintage and other
great Trades. Commonly in thofe Months the Fleets from the Indies re-
turn into Spain; as alfo in thofe Months the Spanifo Gallies retire into
Harbour 5 fo that they need not fear them.

16. Our Fleet not to appear within the Strelghts, till they hear of the
Pirates being at Sea -, for having Intelligence of it, they dare not put
out.

17. One great Advantage we fhall have is, that, if they are at Sea, we
{hall ftill know where they are, by Ships we (hall meet which have feen
themj and, obferving the Winds, can conjecture where we fhall have
them : Or if we hear that they are fcattered, we will do the like, and
have Signs to know one another.

18. Another Advantage we fhall have is, that no Harbour can enter-
tain or defend them, from their Going out till their Return home ; for
all Chrijiian Shores are their Enemies, and they will have none but Tunis
and Algiers within, and Sallee and Santa Cruz without the Streigbts,
which are wide and open Roads, and where they will be liable to be fur-
prifed, or fired. 1 [Sir W. might have recollected, that on the Bar-
bary Coaft there are feveral other Harbours, both in the Algerine and
Tunifme Territories, tho' none of any very great Defenfe : Befides, it
would be no very difficult Matter, for fuch nimble VefTels as the African
Cruifers generally are, and have always had the Reputation of being,
in cafe of Extremity, to reach the Archipelago, or elfewhere in the Le-
vant, where there are many very commodious Ports and Havens, belong-
ing to the Grand Signor, where they would not fail of Protection, Shelter'
and Accommodation.]

1 p. If we happen to mifs them at Sea, they cannot efcape at their Re-
turn, if we fpread two Squadrons ten or twelve Leagues from Algiers $
for they can have no Intelligence of us from the Shore, becaufe we can-
not be defcried from thence*

zo. That no Mariner, or Sailor be ranfomed, or fet at Liberty after
they are taken : For taking away their Sailors, they cannot fet a Ship
to Sea 3 and we know their Numbers cannot be great, becaufe it is not

M m m m 2, above

6^6 The History of Algiers.

above twelve Years fince the Eitgli/b taught them the UCe of Navi-
gation.

2i. Such Renegadoes as fhall be taken, or fuch Chrifiians as have wil-
lingly ferved the Turks, to be executed immediately, for the Terror of
others : For if Cbriftian Sailors can be kept from them, their Piracy will
ceafe, which otherwife will prove a great Detriment to the Cbrijtian
Commonwealth.

22. That fuch an Englijb General be appointed, and the Ships with
that Care fitted, that may give Reputation to the Action : For, confi-
dering the Reputation we have had in Sea Affairs, it behoves us, upon
fuch an Occafion as this, fince we (hall join with other Nations, to carry
it with Honour.

23. That fuch a General be appointed, as {hall have more Care to per-
form the Service, than to his own Eafe, Pleafure, or Oftentation : That
he keep the Sea, and avoid feeking Harbour, unlefs Neceffity compels
him, and then not to let it be to the Leeward of Algiers ; for (o Pirates
may go in and out at their Pleafure : And, moreover, that he enter no
Harbour but fuch as have good Outlets, left the Service be neglected, and
he not able to get out.

24. Laftly, As the Ships ihall grow foul, and be forced into Harbour
to trim, that he do it with this Confideration j that he keep a Squadron
out at Sea, while the other Squadron is in, trimming, to put himfelf into
one of thofe Ships : For it is not the Part of a General, upon any Oc- "^
cafion, to leave his Fleet, tho' for a Time he may leave his Ship.

Tho' fome of thefe Paragraphs have not much in them, and may feem
ftrange Language to the Sea Officers of our Days, yet I thought proper
not to make any Caftration. A Century ago, or fomething more, about
the Time this Advice was given, one might not have ftretched the Mat-
ter very exorbitantly in affirming, that the Algerints alone were a Power
fufficient to have faced the Royal Navy of England, whereas (fuch arc
the Improvements of every Part of our Maritime Affairs) it may now be
prefumed, that half a Score of our large ft fourth Rates, manned and
equiped to the beft Advantage, would not be over-much put to it, to
ftand a Brufh with the united Naval Force of the Africans, from tripoly
down to SaUee. As to the reft , Sir WiUiam Monfo* is not the only
Author, by whom fuch of our Traders as care not by what Means they

get

The Histort of Algiers. 337

get Money, fo they do but grow rich, are taxed with fupplying, with
Ammunition and Naval Stores, thofe pernicious Sea-Rovers, who, as
has been fufficiently obferved, till the Beginning of the feventeenth Cen-
tury, had only Row-Veflels, fcarce ever daring to venture far without
the Streigbts, and who, (Ince then, have made fo considerable a Figure,
and done fo much Mifchief, as well in the Ocean as in the narrow Seas.
Certain it is, that they are wholly indebted to Chrijlians for what Know-
ledge they have in Navigation -> but I cannot, with Sir William Monfun^
and fome others, lay the whole Burden upon the EngliJJo ; fince it is ap-
parent, that they all along have had, and are likely to have, good Sea-
men of mod Nations, who partly by Force, and partly thro' the Encou-
ragement and Advantage they meet with from the T'urksy better than what
can be expected at home, have been, are, and undoubtedly will (till be
ready enough to undertake the Management of their Ships, and to in-
ftruc~r. fuch as have a Genius and Inclination to learn : And as to Contra-
band Traffic, I know not of any People who have any Dealings at all
with them, but dabble that Way 3 and thofe who defire to carry on a
Commerce with their Neighbours, or others, muft, one may fuppofe,
furniih them with what thofe their Correfpondents moft want : And, in
the Courfe of this Hiftory, it may be obferved, that no European can
hope for much Succefs in his Pretentions, of any Kind whatever, at the
Court of a Barbary Prince, without introducing himfelf by a Prefent 5
of which the main Article confifts in Contrabands.

Concerning the Impracticability of our ever making a Conqueft of
Algiers either by Surprife or Siege, Sir William Monfon fays thus.

ff Whofoever knows Algiers, cannot be ignorant of the Strength of
" it. The Inhabitants confift principally of defperate Rogues and Rene-
m gadoes, who live by Rapine, Theft and Spoil j having renounced God
fl and all Virtue, and become Reprobates to all the Cbrijlian World.
P This Town is, and has been, of fo great Annoyance to the Chrifiians
" lying over againft it, that they have oftentimes been forced to attempt
ci it by Surprife, but (till have failed of their Defigns, either by Intelli-
" gence the Town has had, or by thofe Peoples Carefulnefs to defend it :
"For no one but muft think, that a Town which depends on its own
u Strength, being in continual Danger of Stratagems, and fudden Sur-
S prifes from the bordering Enemies, both Moors and 7arks 9 who have

" the

<S38 The History ^Algiers.

< the Conveniency of Gallies to tranfport and land an Army at Pleafure
will be extraordinary watchful and circumfpe6t to fortify itfelf, and
withftand all Dangers that can befall it. "

It would puzzle one to guefs what Neighbours of the Alger ines can
be meant here^ who had fuch a Conveniency of Gallies. By the Turks,
if thofe of Tunis arc to be underftood, they were no more able to annoy
them, by Water, than were their Weftern Borderers, the Emperors of
Morocco* Neither do I believe, that the Algerines would be much di-
flurbed at all the Naval Force, even the Grand Signor himfelf could fend
againft them, provided they were all unanimous in refoiving upon a vi-
gorous Defenfe.

Cc And if thofe Chrifiian Countries, continues Sir William, that lie

* open to the Places aforefaid, could never prevail in their fundry At-

* tempts, being nigh them, and having Conveniency to imbark and
* tranfport an Army, without Sufpicion or Rumour, and to be fuc-
coured by the Iflands of Mayorca and Minorca, if Neceflity required,
c but efpecially having Intelligence with fome in the Town, for the De-
livery of it, as, about fourteen Years fince, it happened by the Prac-
< c tife of a Renegade, named Spinola, which failed, what Hope have we
f* then to prevail, who cannot fo fecretly furnifli an Army and Fleet, but
*< that all the World mud ring of it ? Or, if it be once known at Mar-
" Jielles, it cannot be concealed many Hours from Algiers, there being a
c fettled Trade and Correfpondence between thofe two Cities. But al-
' lowing our Defigns to be kept fecret till the very Time we arrive upon
Ct that Coaft, yet the Warning will be fufficient for a Garrifon Town
" of lefs Force, and fewer Men than Algiers, to prevent a Surprife. "

The Attempt of King Philip III. in 1503. as has been hinted, here
mentioned, was the fourth Grand Expedition made by the Crown of
Spain againft Algiers, all which met with the fame Succefs as did the In-
vincible Armada in 15-88. not to fay any more of that in 1601. when the
Armada only gave a Peep and away. I have not the Story of this Spi-
nola, nor do I know his Turkijb Name 5 it is to be fuppofed his Chaftife-
ment was fuitable to his Pradtifes : I only remember to have juft heard
Mention of it, and, as was obferved before, one of the Allegations to
iuftify the Expulfion of the Morifcoes, fix or feven Years after, was their
Infolence in feeming to rejoice at the bad Succefs of their Perfecutors, in
thofe Attempts upon their Algerine Correfpondents. Of the other three

1 preceding

The History of Algibrs. 539

preceding Invafions of Algiers, by the Spaniards, we have already treated.
By what Sir William Monfon intimates here, and in the enfuing Para-
graphs, it evidently appears, that, as an experienced Commander, he ut-
terly difliked the Undertaking, put in Execution three or four Years after,
looked upon it all, at the bed, only as a Spanijh Quarrel, took Care not
to be prefent at the Action, and finds many Faults in the Management
of it when done, as will appear in the Sequel.

M In fuch a Cafe as this (purfues he) the Time and Wind is principally
" to be regarded : For a large Wind, that is good to carry a Fleet into a
(t Landing-Place in an open Bay, will be dangerous if it over-blows upon
" a Lee-Shore -, and it will make fo great a Sea, that it will be impofliblc
" for Men, with their Furnitures and Arms, to land without apparent
*' Danger.

" On the other Side, if we ply into the Bay with a fcant Wind, and
cc it gives us a good Entrance to land, by reafon of the Smoothnefs of th c
c Sea, yet the Defendants fhall have thefe Advantages : They will defcry
" us from the Shore long before we can draw near, and confequently
<c Time enough to oppofe our Landing. With their Gallies they may
" cut off our Boats, if Ships ride not within Command of the Shore,
" befides many other Cafuakies the Sea and Weather afford. Befides,
" our Boats can hold but the third Part of our Men at once, by which
" Means our Attempt to land can be but with a Third of our Armyj
" and if we do it near the Town, they will Hill have Warning enough 5
" or if it be far off, the March will be inconvenient, and they warned by
" Fires. "- Inconvenient indeed !

" But, if we fail of furprifing Algiers,, and attempt it by Siege, we
li have neither NecefTaries to land our Ordinance, nor to draw it to a
* fclace fit to raife a Battery, wanting Engines, Cattle and other Conve-
" niencies for that Pnrpofe. It muft be confidered, how to relieve our
" Siege, and defend our Befiegers againft the Sallies of the Town, which
<{ has ten Men to our one. We muft, likewife, forecaft, if we fail of

u our Point, to bring off our Men with Safety. " That is certainly a

'very material Point.

" Whofoever enterprifes Algiers, his main Sea- Strength mull confiftin
" Gallies, which can run near the Shore, and command the Landing-
44 Place with their Ordinance: Or if the Enemy ihould there bring down
" aForce to withfland him, he may foon bring about his Gallies, quit that

640 The History of Algier^

** Place, and land where he (hall fee no Danger : Ships cannot do fo
when they are at Anchor, but muft have Wind and Tide for their
** Purpofe.

But all this is nothing to what follows; for you muft undcrftand,
u the Algerines are a Sort of Outlaws, or Mifcrcants, who live in Enmity
* with all the World, acknowledging the Grand Turk in fome Meafure
M for their Sovereign, but no farther than they pleafe themfelves. Now,
** that Part of Barbary, where Algiers is feated, is a fpacious and fertile
4c Country, and abounds in Inhabitants , and tho* the King of it be a
** Mahometan, as well as the Algerines, yet they live in perpetual Hatred
* c and War } but-fo, that if either of them is attacked by Chrifiians,
" they will prefently join as Partners in Mifchief ; and we fhall no fooner
" land, but be welcomed by 6*0, or 80000 of thofe ungodly People.'*

The King here fpoken of is, doubtlefs, Ben El Cadi, the Sheikh of
Cucco j and thefe ungodly People are the Zwoutoa his Subjc&s, and, per-
haps, their Neighbours Beni- Abbas. Of thefe Mountaineers and their
Countries we have treated elfcwhere, as we have likewife intimated, how
prone the Moors always are to Mifchief, cfpecially when there is any Pro-
pped of Plunder. We have obferved, that the King of Cucco, out of
Hatred to the Turks, offered to the Emperor Charles, when he invaded
Algiers, the only Port he had in his Dominions. It is called Tamagus, is
now all in Ruins, and lies a few Miles Eaftwards of Algiers.

" Having {hewed the Impoffibility (continues Sir William) of taking
< c Algiers, either by Surprife, or Siege, now fhall follow the little Vie
we can make of it, to annoy either the King of Spain, or any other
u Potentate ; as alfo the fraall Profit we (hall make of it 5 no, not fo
c much as to defray the tenth Part of the Garrifon, and without the leaft
c Hope of going farther with a Conqueft.

" If it be conceived to lie conveniently to annoy the King of Spain, or
li any other Enemy, it will prove otherwife, confidering the Diftancc
ce from England to be relieved, and the many Cafualties we (hall undergo
at Sea, having neither the European nor African Shore t6 befriend us,
u and yet we muft fail in the Mediterranean, where we cannot pafs unfeen
or unmet, becaufe of its Narrowriefs.

" The Harbour of Algiers, our only Shelter, is of fo fmall a Compafs,

" that it will not receive

above twenty Ships, which Number, and no
1 more*

Ihe History of Algiers. 641

" more, we muft allow, both to annoy our Enemies, either Chrijlians or
Turks, and to defend our felves.

The Place affords neither Victuals, Powder, Mads, Sails, Cordage,
" or other Neceflaries belonging to Ships -, all which England alone
u muft fupply. The Charge and Danger will be great, and the Advan-
<c tagc very inconfiderable. The Expence is certain, and lefs than five
" thoufand Men cannot be allowed for Garrifon, and the twenty Sail of
" Ships, as aforefaid. The Profit and Advantage that can be made of it,
" muft be by Theft and Rapine at Sea, which the Turks cannot afford
" us, they having little or no Trade in Shipping. The Princes of Italy
" are in the fame Condition j and therefore our only Hope muft depend
" on the Spoils of Spain, which we cannot expect: in the Streights, they
" having no Trade of Importance upon thofe Coafts 5 and what we fhall
" take without the Streights, we fhall fooner do it from England than
" from Algiers, and Prizes fo taken, will be fooner and fifer brought to
" England than carried to Algiers, where they muft pafs fo many Dangers,
u as obferved. "

Thus it feems that, in the Reign of King Jams I. fome Spirits at
Court were very warm in proposing, not only the taking Algiers, but
likewife the keeping it when taken. Count Gondomar emploied his whole
Intereft, which, as is well known, was not inconfiderable, and was
b'acked by the Earl of Nottingham, then Lord High Admiral of England
and others, who eagerly follicited for this Expedition's being put in Exe-
cution. The Duke of Buckingham fucceeding foon after in that eminent
Poft, who being a young Man, full of Fire, and his Ears too open to
Flattery, imagined this Exploit would redound to his immortal Honour,
if carried on under his Direction, at his firft Entrance into his Office, and
attended with Succefs, as there wanted not Sycophants to aflure him he
need not doubt of it.

Sir William Monfon fays, " That the King really undertook it with a
" noble, gracious and religious Intention 5 but it mifcarried thro' Mif-
t c management 5 " and farther fays to this Effect:.

a His Majefty confidering the daily Complaints, not only of his own
" People, but of the greateft Part of the Chrijlian Nations in Europe,
" many thoufands of whom groaned under a wretched Captivity, cruelly
* treated by the Turkijb Pirates, who ranged the Seas without any Op-

N n n n *' pofition,

4+z The History o/Algiers.

" pofition, was moved to companionate their Calamities, and refolved to
" endeavour to redrefs this public Grievance, as appeared by the expen-
*' five Fleet he fet out to fupprefs the Infolencies of thofe Mifcreants,
* c who were the Ruin and Bane of the Cbriftian Commonwealth by
" Sea.

tt This Fleet, by Contra&, was to receive fome Afliftance from the
" King of Spain, at its Appearanee on his Coaft. But fuch was the
" Mifgovernment of thofe Ships, and the Negligence and Vanity of
" fome Perfons, to feaft and banquet in Harbour, when their Duty was
" to clear and fcour the Seas, that they loft the Opportunity of deftroy-
" ing the Pirates, as appears by a Pamphlet publifhed at their Return.
cc Except their bare PalTage, they fpent not twenty Days at Sea during
" their Stay in the Streigbts, but retired into Harbour, where the Pirates
" might find them, but not they the Pirates."

He fays more, but not fo very much to our Purpoie. But let us next
examine the Expedition itfelf.

C H A P. XX.

Extrad from a Journal of the fruitlefs Expedition againfi
Algiers, under the ConduEl of Sir Robert Manfel,
Vice- Admiral of England. Wtth other Particulars

and Occurrences.

A. D. itfzo.

'.HI S Fleet, or Squadron, confided of fix Ships and two Pinnaces r
of the Royal Navy, together with twelve flout Vcffels, hired and

fitted out by King James I.

Names

The Historv ^"Algiers,

64*

Names of the King's Ships.

Lion.

Vanguard.

Rainbow.

Conftant-Reformation.
Convertinc.
Antelope.

Mercury. Pinnace.
Spy. Pinnace.

Commanders.

Sir Robert ManfeL A.

Sir Richard Hawkins. V. A.
Six Thomas Button. R. A.
Arthur Manwaring, Efqj
Thomas Love, Efqj
Sir Henry Palmer.
Capt. Phineas Pett.
Capt. Edward Gyles.

N. B. The Cannon all Brafs.

In the twelve Merchant Ships

In thefe, Guns all Iron.

Total.

Tuns.

Men.

Guns

600.

2p.

40.

660.

IfO.

40.

660.

2f0.

40.

660.

2fO.

40.

fOO.

220.

36*.

400.

l60.

34-

240.

6f.

20.

1 do.

rr-

18.

3880.

IfOO.

16S.

Tuns.

Men.

Guns.

2.790.

1 170.

242.

6670.

2670.

j-ii.

1 1T m T

Of thefe Merchant Ships, three were 300 Tuns Burden, two of 280.^
two of 26*0. two of 200. one of 180. one of 130. and one of 100.
They carried from fo. to 120. Men, and from 12. to 16. Guns. Of
their Commanders, three were Knights, viz. Sir John Fearne, Sir Francis
Tanfield, and Sir John Hamden j the other Captains were Chriftopher Har-
ries, John Pennington, Thomas Porter, Eufabey Cave, Robert Haughton^
John Chidley, George Raymond, and Thomas Harbert. Not to omit the
Names of the Ships, they were as follow : 1 . Golden Phoenix, 2. Samuel.
J. Marygold. 4. Zouch- Phoenix, f. Barbary. 6. Centurion. 7. Prim"
rofe. S.Hercules, p. Neptune. 10. Merchant-Bonaventure. it. Reft 'ore.
12. Marmaduke.

October 12. 1610. Set Sail from Plimouth-Sound.

31. In the Morning came to Anchor in the Bay of Gibraltar. There
they met with two Spanijh Men-of-War, whereof one was commanded
by a Vice- Admiral. Mutual Salutes of Vollies of great and fmall Shot
being over, the Spanijh Admiral came on board the Lion, acquainting Sir
Robert Man f el, that the Seas fwarmed with Barbary Rovers; that two
Algerines, a few Days fince, had fought with Cevcii Spanijh Gallies, and
killed them 400 Menj that, with thirty Ships and ten Gallies, they had

N n n n 2 attacked

644 Ike Hist ort of Algiers.

attacked and taken Stiris, a fmall Town, captivating a great Number of
Chriftians-, threatening to ferve Gibraltar in the fame Manner.

November 27. The Fleet, having been provided with all NecefTaries
at Malaga^ anchored in the Bay of Algiers* in twenty feven Fathom Wa-
ter, out of Gun-Shor. Our Admiral faluted the Town, but had no
Return.

28. Captain Squib:, a Gentleman of the Admiral's Retinue, was fent
afhore, with a Flag of Truce, to inform the Bajha, or Vice- Roy, of
the Occafion of that Vifir. [It Teems to be (tho' not mentioned) to de-
mand Reparation and Satisfaction for later yoftilities. committed on our
Shipping, and a general Releafe of fuch of his Majefty's Subjects, and
their Effects, .as were detained by that Government.] The Bajba in-
ftantly difpatched away a Boat, with four Jpentlcmen, and a white Flag,
the Chief of which Perfons acquainted Sir Robert Manfely That his Ma-
iler the Vice-Roy ordered him to tell his Excellency, that he had the
Ottoman Emperor's Command to treat the Englijh with all Friendfhip and
Refpect: That they might have free Liberty to go afhore, and buy what-
ever Provifions, or any thing elfe they wanted : And that if his Excel-
lency would, the next Day, fend afhore a Perfon: of Figure and Diftinc-
tion, in Quality of Conful, with his Majefty's Letter, he promifcd, up-
on firing a Gun as a Signal, that fufficient Hoftages for his Safety fhould
immediately be ordered aboard. This Night fome^#erfc Ships brought
in two Englijh and one Dutch Prize.

Decembir 3. Arrived fix of the King of Spain's Ships, whofe Admiral
"ftruck his Flag, faluted Sir Robert Manfel with a Volley of great and fmall
Shot, and went aboard his Ship, informing him, That he came in Pur-
fuit of certain dlgerines, who had carried off a great many of their Men*
who, in a Ship of 700 Tuns, near Cartagena^ being engaged with a
I'urkijh Man-of-War, had boarded, and would certainly have taken ir >
had not their own Ship unhappily fired j whereupon quitting the Enemy
t o fave their Veffel, they loft both, and :o fave their Lives were forced
to yield themfelves Slaves. They were in all 200. whereof thirty periih-
ed in the Flames. The Spanijh Admiral failing fomewhat near the Towt?,
the Turks let fiy at him feventy four great Shot, in Anfwer to which he

returned
4

The Historv of Algiers $4$

returned about fixteen* but by reafon of the Diftancc, no Damage was
done on either Side.

4. This Day came a Letter from the Bajba, in Anfwer to that of his
Majefty.

6. After many Debates, it plainly appeared that no Good was to be
done; the Turks Shewing themfelves fickle, infincere and little to be de-
pended on. Our Meflenger they (till detained (tho' the Admiral had fuf-
ficient Hofhges) and flood to none of their Promifes. At length it was,
this Day, agreed, That, upon leaving a Conful, the MefTenger fhould be
releafed. Whereupon the Admiral fent afhore a Perfon of mean Condi-
tion, handfomely drafted, witfi the Title of Conful, whom they received
refpectfully 5 and difmifHng Captain Sguibe, and receiving the Turkifh Ho-
ftages, they fent off about forty Captives, pretending they had no more
in the Town 5 and this wasalj we could get.

7. The Admiral fent the BaJIia a Letter, giving him to underfland, that
he highly refented his perfidions Dealing.

8. This Morning the Fleet failed from Algiers.

Zf. About nine at Night, eight or nine Sail of Turks came into the
Fleet. When difcovered they were chaced and fired at -, but it being very
dark, and they failing better than the Englijh 9 they efcaped.

27. This Night the Rear-Admiral's Squadron failed out of Alicante-
Road, in Purfuit of two Algerines, who that Evening had taken two
Dutch Ships, whofe Equipages had all faved themfelves in their Boats,
[Thefe Ships, with feveral others afterwards frequently fent upon fuch
Errands, returned without Succefs. For Brevity- fake many Particulars
of this Kind are omitted .3

January 6\ i6zi. Sailed from Alicante the Vice- Admiral, with his
Squadron, in Search of the Mercury and Spy (the two Pinnaces mentioned
in the Lift of Ships) who were long and impatiently expected from Eng-
land^ with Supplies for the King s Ships. He heard of their being at
Malaga. They joined the Fleet, together with two Tranfports of Pro-
vifions, on February id.

February 24. Some Ships returning from Cruife, brought a fmall French
Prize, having on board fifty Bi of Oil, with feveral Moors and Jews
PafTengers, fome of them Women and Children, bound from Tetuan to

Algiers,

6\6 The History of Algiers;

Algiers. The Turks had all efcaped in a Boat. Arrived likcwife a Briftol
Ship from Tetuan, with a Letter from the Governor of that Place to the
Admiral, accompanied with two Moors, to treat with him concerning
the Redemption of fuch of their People as had been taken by our Ships ;
offering for each MaJjometan an Englijb Captive j they having many in the
Town, fold them by the Turks of Algiers.

28. Four Ships were difpatched to Tetuan, with fome Captive Moors.
Nothing concluded, they return.

March f . The Admiral failed for Gibraltar, where he arrived the next
Day j the Vice- Admiral, with his Squadron, being already in that Bay.
The 13//& they anchored in Malaga-Road, and the z8th the whole Fleet
failed for Alicante.

April z. Died Captain Manwaring. [Several had before died out of
the Fleet, fome Officers, and very many had been left nek in divers Ports
upon the Spanijb Coaft 5 but fuch Particulars are not much to the prefent
Purpofe.] At Alicante the Admiral hired a Polacre, of 1 10 Tuns, be-
ing an excellent Sailer, bought three Brigantines of nine Oars on a Side,
and hired a Houfe, wherein he emploied People to mae Fire-Works, in
order to deflroy the Shipping in Algiers Mole.

May it. Came to Anchor in the Bay of Algiers, at fix in the After-
noon. Six of the Merchant Ships were ordered to the Weft Part of th c
Bay, and there to ply off and on, as near the Shore as conveniently they
could, to prevent any of the Turkijh Ships from coming in between the
Fleet and the Shore. How Matters were difpofed and prepared for this
Enterprife, is as follows.

Two Veflels, one of 100. and the other of So. Tuns, taken from the
Turks, well flored with Fire- Works and combuftible Matter, with Iron
Chains and Grapnels to fatten them to the Ships they were to fire : They
were attended with Boats to bring off their Men when they had executed
their Defign. Three Brigantines, fitted with Fire-Bails, Buckets of
Wild-Fire, and Fire-Pikes, to make faft their Fire- Works to the Ene-
my's Ships. A Gundlod 9 fitted with Fire- Works, Chains and Grapnels
of Iron: This was to go amidfi: thc Ships, in the Mole, where being
fattened to fome one of them, the fame was to fet them on Fire , a Boat

attending

The H is ro ry of Algiers. 647

attending to bring off the Men. Seven Boats, called Boats of Refcue,
well filled with armed Men, to refcue and relieve the Boats of Execution,
in cafe they fhould be purfucd by Boats or Galeots at their coming off:
Thefe had alfo Fire- Works to burn the Ships riding withou: the Mole.

Being all aboard the Admiral for their laft Directions, in the Beginning
of the fame Night, all or moft of the chief Officers in the Fleet were
called, to advife, whether it was proper to make the Attempt with only
the Boats and Brigantines, in regard there was little Wind, and that
Weflerly, fo that it was wholly impoflible for the Ships to get in. After
fome Deliberation, it was concluded not advifeable* the furelt and moft
certain Means of fucceeding being by the Fire-Ships, which were to be
made faft to the Ships in the Mole, and to burn with them 5 fo that the
Enterprife was deferred till a fitter Occafion fhould offer.

zz. The fame Preparations made at Night, but Execution deferred for
the fame Reafons.

zz. In the Beginning of the Night, the Wind S. W. by S. a frefh
Gale, with Thunder, Lightning and fome Drops of Rain, continuing
for two Hours, or more, the two Fire- Ships weighed, and, with the
Brigantines, Boats, &c. advanced towards the Mole- Head : But the
Wind {hifting, while they were ftill at a good Diftance, they were obliged
to deflft for that Night as before, and to return.

24. This Night, after a great Shower of Rain, Wind S. S. W. the
Weather clearing up, the Ships, Brigantines and Boats flood in again 5
but, within Mufket-Shot of the Mole-Head, it growing ftark calm, (o
that the Ships could not poflibly get in, and finding they were difcovered,
by reafonof the Brightnefs of the Moon, then at Full, it was determined,
that the Boats and Brigantines fhould row in, having Information, the
Night before, by a Chriftiafr* Slave, who fwam off from the Town, thar,
the Turks ^ not apprehenfive of any fuch Attempt, left the Ships unguard-
ed, having but a Man or two in each. The Town was foon alarmed j
and notwithftanding the Courage, Diligence and Refolution of the Enter-
prifers, they met with little Succefc r the Fire- Works taking fmall EfTccT,
for Want of Wind to nourifh and difperfe the Fire. Tho' this Attempt
was made juft under the Town Walls, and the Turks all the while plied
their great and fmall Shot very fmartly, yet what few Men were loft
fuftained the Damage in the Retreat,, being fheltered by the Ships in the
Mole during the whole Action.

zf. Four

648 The Hist ort ^Algiers.

2f . Four SaiL of Algerines pailed in by the Weft Point of Land, tho'
fix Ships were ftationed to lie off that Place, in order to prevent it: But
the Wind being Wefterly, and a great Current fetting to the Eaftward,
our Ships were put fo far to Leeward, that they could not hinder thofc
Cruifers from getting in between them and the Shore. Then the Fleet
weighed and ftood off to Sea j but the Winds, proving contrary, kept
them, for fome Days, in that Neighbourhood.

28. Two of the Merchant Ships drove aihorc an Algerine, having
aboard 1 p Mahometans and twelve Cbrijiians Slaves. Only twelve of the
former favcd themfelves by fwiming , the reft periihed.

21. This Morning were taken up by our Boats two Genouefe Captives,
who ventured to fwim from the Town. They brought News, that the
lime Night our Fleet ftood off to Sea, feven of the beft Algerine Ships
got within the Mole, and that the Turks had fince fo boomed up the
Harbour, that it was utterly impracticable for either Ship or Boat to at-
tempt any thing upon their Shipping, which Was filled with armed Men,
betides three Galltes, and fifteen Galeots well manned, as a Guard to the
Boom, &c.

Thus ended this Expedition, concerning which Mr. Secretary Burchett,
fays to this Effect. u Such was the Afccndent Count Gondcmar, the
" King of Spain's Embaffador, had at the Court of King Ja?nes I. that
< at his Solicitations, a Squadron of Mcn-of-War was fent to the Me-
' diterranean, commanded by Sir Robert Man/el, to bring the Algerines
u to Reafon, by whom the Spaniards were daily moft infufferably moleft-
" ed. That Commander appeared before Algiers j but he had not much
" Reafon to be fatisfied at the Succefs he there met with : And in Re-
" turn for the Civility of his Vifir, his Back was fcarce turned, but thofe
' c Corfairs picked up near forty good Ships belonging to the Subjects
of his Mailer, and infefted the Spanijb Coafts with greater Fury than
c * ever,"

In the Journal* from whence I took the foregoing Abftracl:, mention
is made, that on January 28. 162.1. at Midnight, near Cape Paul, (even
Dutch Men-of-War, under the Command of Captain Haughton, Admiral
of Zealand, came into the Englijh Fleet > which Commander, the next
Morning, going on board Sir Robert Man/el, told him, That he had two
and twenty Ships of War under his Charge, which he divided into Squa-
drons,

The Historv of Algiers. 640

drotis, Tome of which he cmploied within and fome without the Streigkis
How, or in what Service he cmploied thofe Ships is not fpecificd j but
under the fame Year 1611. Mr. Burchett has thefe Words :

" The Tvuce expiring between Spain and the United Provinces, the
" Dutch entered into a League with the Corfairs of Algiers and Tunis,
(i and j oining them with a Squadron, under the Command of Leonard
" Frantz, did confiderable Damage to the Spaniards, more particularly
on the Coafts of Gallicia. *

Sir Robert ManfeVs Letter to the Duke of Buckingham, in his own
Words (wherein he apparently endeavours to put the beft Side outwards;

may, perhaps, give farther Satisfaction to a curious Reader. Lionj in

Alicante-'R.o^d*

Right Honourable, and my Singular good Lord, > J une p. 1 61 1 .

M Having ufed all the poflible Speed I could to repair to Algiers, where
< s I mould have been by the \yh of March laft, I held it my Duty hum-
u bly to prcfent unto your Lordfhip the particular Account of my Pro-
c< ceedings.

tf Before my Arrival, I furnimed the two Prizes, three Brigantines,
c * and a fourth Boat with Firelocks, and combuftible Materials for the
burning of the Pirate Ships within the Mole, and had trained up my
** Men in the Execution of their feveral Duties, and likewife appointed
" a Squadron of Boats, with fmall Shot, to refcue the VelTelsof Execu-
" tion in their Advancement and Retreat.

" The firft Night of my Arrival, being the lift of May laft, the Vef-
" fels of Execution were all advanced > but by reafon of contrary Winds
" they were commanded to retire.

* The fecond and third Nights they were alfo in a Readincfs j but
u were with-held by Calms.

" The fourth Night it pleafed God to blefs us with a fair Gale 5 and
u they being advanced again, and the two Ships with the Fire- Works
" having almoft recovered the Mouth of the Mole, the Wind, to our
" great Grief, turned to the oppofite Side of theCompafs.

" The Boats performed their Directions in towing the Ships ; but con-
" fidering, that, by the Continuance of the Courfc, they fhould expofc
" their principaleft Men to Hazard, by reafon of the great Store of Oi-
tC dinance and fmall Shot which played upon them, they debated among
<c themfelves what to do. Captain Hughes, who commanded one of the

O o o o " Brigan*

o^o The History of Algiers.

u Brigamines, replied, Go on, and give the Attempt with the Boats?.
" Which they chearfully purfued, crying out, without^CeiTation, King
< Jatnes ! King James! God blefs King James! and fearlefs of Danger,
" even in the Mouth of the Cannon and fmall Shot, which fhowered
' like Hail upon them, they fired the Ships in many Places, and main-
" tained the fame, to the great Comfort of us, who were Spectators, fo
" long as they had any Powder left in their Bandoleers, ftriving in the
a End who lhould have the Honour to come off laft, the which at
4< length, as a Due to his former Refolution and Courage, they left to
<< Captain Hughes^ and fo retired (all the Ships continuing null their chear*
" ful Cry, King James !) with the Lofs of twenty Men flain and hurt j.
and leaving the Fire flaming up in feven feveral Places, which contl-
" nued in fome of them long after their Retreat, and being aboard his
< Majeity's Ships.

M The cowardly Turks^ who before durft not fhew themfelves to fa
** weak a Force, but from the Walls, or the Tops of their Houfes, fo>
" foon as they perceived all the Boats retired, opened their Ports, and {aU
' lied out in thoufands, and by the Help of fo great Multitudes, and a
<e fudden Shower of Rain, feconded with a Calm which then happened,.
*' the Fire was after extinguifhed, without doing any more Hurt than
making two of their Ships unferviceable.

M During their Stay, there came out o the Mole only one Frigat,
u which we forced to run on Shore.

* Other Service by us there performed, was the finking of one of their

* beft Menrof-War by Sir Thomas fVilford and Captain Chidleigb : She
" was manned with i a hundred and thirty Turks , and twelve Chrifiians y
* of all which twelve only cfcaped, the reft were either flain or drowned,
" which appeared both by the Relation of divers Cbriftians which nightly,
M efcapcd aboard us, and by divers of the dead Bodies that floated upon
4< the Water by our Ships. We took likewife, before their Faces, in
* the Bay, a Fly- Boat, which the Pirates had formerly taken from the.

* Chrifiiansy and fold to Legorn y in her Merchandize to be exchanged
for Pirates Goods, and fome Money, amounting to zopo and odd
Pounds, the exacl: Account whereof I {hall not fail to addrefs to

Their beft Ships go abundantly better manned. t

your*

The History of Algiers. 6$t

** your Lordfhip, as foon as the fame is perfected by the Council of
* War.

" The Turks hereupon prefently manned out three Gallies to refcuc
"her > but Captain Gyles and Captain Herbert, with the Help of three
u Brigantines which I fent out to fecond them, foon fetched her up, and
4C brought her unto me, and the Gallies were put to Flight by Sir Tbo*
w mas Wilford, Captain Pennington, and Captain Ckidleigh*

" During the Time of my Abode there, after the Attempt made by
" the Boats, I attended ten Days for an Opportunity to fend in the Ships
" with the Fire- Works, to finifh the Service begun by the Boats 5 but in
" all that Time there happened not a Breath of Wind fit for their At-
" tempt, notwithstanding the Ships were always ready at the Inftant that
" they fhould receive my Directions to advance. But at laft, underftand-
** ing by the Chriftians, who efcaped by fwimming aboard me, how the
" Pirates had boomed up the Mole with Marts and Rafts, fet a double
" Guard upon their Ships, planted more Ordinance upon the Mole and
"the Walls, and manned out twenty Boats to guard the Boomj and
1* perceiving, like wife, that they had fent out their Gallies and Boats,
4< both to the Eaftward and Weftward, to give Advice to all the Ships
<l upon the Coaft, that they fhould not come in during my Abode there,
c and fo (finding no Hope remaining, either by Stratagem to do Service
' upon them in the Mole, or to meet with any more of them) in regard
of the daily Complaints brought unto me, both from fome of the
" King's Ships, and mod of the Merchants, of their Want of Victuals
u I refolved, by the Advice of the Council of War, to fet Sail, whence
c< I made my Repair to this Place, where I met my Brother Roper with
a your Lordfhip's Directions, which I have received, and at the Inftant
" obeyed, by fignifying his Majefty's Pleafure, declared by your Lord-
' fliip's Letter unto the worthy Commanders of thofe four Ships his
* Majefty hath pleafed to call home.

" But, my Lord, in the Duty I owe your Lordfhip, and my real Zeal
" to his Majefty's Honour and Service, I humbly beg your Lordfhip's*
" Pardon to advertife your Lordfhip, that feeing we have now made this
" Attempt upon the Pirates, and that they perceive our Intent is to work
u their utter Ruin and Confufion, the recalling of thefe his Majefty's
" Forces, before the Arrival of others in their Stead, and the bereaving
f irs of fo many worthy and experienced Commanders, I fear may prove

O o o o 2 - " more

o > l the Hi st o ry <?/Algiers.

" more prejudicial to the Service than, upon one Day's Confi deration, I
dare predime to fet down in Writing, by encouraging the Pirates to
put in Execution fuch Stratagems upon us, as, to ray Knowledge,
" they have already taken into their Confideration. My Reafons for the
41 lame I mall make bold, upon more mature Deliberation, to offer in all
" Humblenefs, to your Lordfhip's judicious View, either by the Com-
" manders who are ordered to return, or by a Meflenger, which divers
" of the Council of War adviie to be addrefled over-Land on Purpofe
" with the lame. I am, &*. Cabala Vol. I. P. 140.

Thofe Reafons the Admiral mentions, it is very likely would give a far-
ther In fight into the Terms we flood upon with the Barbary Rovers in
thofe Days, which may, in fome Meafure, be termed the Infancy of our
formidable Naval Strength , the Curiofity whereof is the main Caufe of

my being fo particular, in this Point. Among other Confequen-

ces of this unfuccefsful Vifit, Purcbas y relates the Capture of feveral
Enghfb Ships. The Recovery of fome of them 1 find remarkable enough
to deferve Notice, and deem the Names of the bold Englijk, chiefly
concerned in the hazardous Performances, worthy to be tranfmitted to the
Jateft Pofterity. The Sum of thofe gallant Exploits is as follows.
The latter End of Qclober, 162.1. the Jacob, a Brijlol Ship, Burthen 110
Tuns, in the Streigbts Mouth, was attacked by fome dlgerines. My
Author fays not whether one Ship, or more, only, that the Englijb de-
feended thcmfelves ftoutly, and yielded not till after a very fmart Con-
flict. The Corfairs took out all the Equipage but four young Fellows,
John Cooke, William Ling, David Jones and Robert Tuckey, whom they left to
work theVeflel,and put aboard thirteen of their ownCompany,to takeCare of
the Prize, and convey her to Algiers, their Cruife being not yet ended. [Thef c
thirteen were probably mod, if not all Moors, (tho' he calls them Turks)
headed by the youngeft Lieutenant, euftomary in fuch Cafes 5 it is only
faid, that the Commander of them was a ftrong, able, flern and refolute
Fellow.] The new Captives founded each other about attempting to re-
gain their Liberty, by furprifing their Captors , and unanimoufly refolved
to embrace the firft Opportunity. In the Middle of the fifth Night the
Weather grew very dark and tempeftuous, infomuch, that three of thofe
Sailors finding a Neceflity of taking in the Main- Sail, and thcmfelves
alone unable to do it, one of them (Tuckey) being at the Helm, they
z were

The H I S T O RY 0/ A fc I E R S. 655

were forced to call to the Turks to help them. The Captain inftantly
ran to their Afliftance, and (landing by the Ship's Side, between Cooke
and Jones, lending his Hand to haul in the Sail, they, with a fudden
Motion, took him by the Hams, and turned him over-board. He hap-
pened to fall into the Bunt of the Sail, and, being vigorous, recovered
himfelf, and had almoft got in again > which Cooke perceiving, immedi-
ately leaped to the Pump, and threw the Handle of it to his Camarade,
bidding him to make good Ufe of it> which was foon performed, the
Turk tumbling headlong into the Sea, with his Brains about his Ears.
Tuckey was all the while at the Helm, and Ling emploied clfewhere. This
was but an Introduction $ they had (till three to one to deal with. Arms
they wanted, Cooke haftily fcoured up the Half-Deck, towards the Ma-
iler's Cabbin, near which fate fix or feven of the Mujfulmans (whom we
arc to fuppofe wholly ignorant of what had been tranfacted) whereat no-
thing daunted, or difcouraged, he bluntly pa(Tcd thro' the Mid ft of them
into the Cabbin, and inftantly came out with two good Scimetars, one of
which he gave to Ling, faying, " Courage my Fellows and Country-
u men! God (Irengthen and aifift us." Upon this they all four began
to lay about them fo manfully, that the Turks, &c. fled before them,
from Place to Place j when having courfed them to the Fore-Caftle, they
there attacked them with fuch Vigour and Refolution, that two were
flain outright, and a third driven over-board much wounded. Several of
the reft being likewife forely wounded, they all made the beft of their
Way to fave themfelves between Decks, in the Steerage, where they
were foon (hut in. Meditating Revenge, they prcfently unfhiped the
Whip-StafT, whereby the Rudder became ufelefs. To remedy this fo
material an Inconveniency, Cooke and I.ing got each of them a Mufcet,
which thro' Loop-holes they prefented cocked againft the Turks, threat-
ening them all with immediate Death, which fo terrified them, that the
Helm was again put in Order, and thofe nine faint-hearted Varlets tamely
iufFered themfelves, by four Boys, to be clofe flowed under the Hatches,
and called up by two or three at a Time, to hand the Sails, &c. as they
were wanted, till the Ship, in a few Days, arrived fafe at St. Lmars,
where they were fold to the Spaniards for a good Sum of Money. -Ic
may be piefumed, that thefe Fellows were furprifed before they could
feizc on any of their Weapons $ nay. it is to be queftioned, whether they
had even their Knives in their Sa(hes, which very few of them are ever

without.

$54 The History of Algiers.

without, I never met with any Inftance like it 5 and, conildcring the
Odds, the Story feems fcarce credible} but my Author affirms both this,
that which follows, and fome others, to be real Fa&. The next runs

thus, as to the Subftance, for it is very tedious as Purcbas delivers it >
tho* he calls even that only an Abridgment. &&4I * U-sq

November 1. the fame Year 162.1. John Rawlins, Matter of a fmail
Bark of Plimoutb, Burthen forty Tuns, fet out from thence, in Com-
pany with another VeiTel of feventy Tuns belonging to the fame Port.
They had a quick PafTageto the Streigbts Mouth, where at fome Diftance
they difcovered five Sail, whom they did all they could to avoid > but to
little Purpofe, being foon overtaken and made Prize. Thofe Ships,
which at firft they thought were all Turks,, proved to be three JIgerines,
and two Englhjh VefTels they had newly taken : The Names of the Tfcr-
ktjb Captains Calafat Rais, Rejep Rats and Welti Rais : Of the Prizes no
Names mentioned. The Corfairs- having ended their Cruife, made the
beft of their Way homewards ; and during the PafTage, their new Englijh
Captives received very ill Treatment at their Hands, in Revenge, as they
were very apt to acknowledge, for the late Attempt their Countrymen
had made upon the Algerim Ships in the Mole. Rawlins, having a lame
Hand, would fetch little in the Market : But Welti Rais, the Captain
who boarded and took his Bark, upon Inquiry being informed that he was
an expert Navigator, purchafed both him and his Carpenter. Rawlirti
coft him no more than ifo Saimas, or Doubles, each fifty differs of that
Country Coin 5 which, as Money then went there, amounted to about
feven Pounds ten Shillings Sterling -, now fcarce one fourth Part fo much.
His new Patron fending him on board his own Ship, to afliftfome Work-
men he had there emploied, they complained, that having the Ufe but
of one of his Hands, he was incapable of doing them any manner of
Service in that Station. Upon this Rawlins was told by Welti Rais,
that in cafe he could not procure fome one or other to double the Sum
he had paid for him, he fhould infallibly be fold up in the Country,
from whence it would be in vain for him ever to hope to be ranfomed.
The f oor Man, under this Perplexity, and not knowing to whom he
{hould apply himfelf for Redrefs, related his Grievance to fuch of his
Fellow- Slaves as came in his Way. A Ship of Brijlol, named the Ex-
change, not long before brought in Prize, was bought by fome Renegado
Englijb, who fancied (he might make a good Cruifer, and accord-

4 in giy

The History ^Algiers. 65$

ingly had fitted her out for that Purpofe. One Ramadam Rats, of the
fame Cloth, whofe original Name was Henry Chandler, was principal
Owner and Commander ; another of the Owners, and the next in Com-
mand, was John Goodale, a Countryman of his, whofe Turkijh Name is
not mentioned. They bought nine Englijh and one French Slave, to na-
vigate the Ship, who likewife had made her fit for Sea. Their Gunners
were Renegadoes, Englijh and Dutch j and, to ailift the reft, they hired
two of Rawlins's Men (James Roe and John Davies) with four HeU
landers, not Slaves : With thefe laft they agreed for a certain Price
to make the Cruife with them. What they next flood mod in
need of> was. an able Pilot ; none of their Equipage being found
very capable of conducting a Ship without the Streights. Davies being
one, among others, to whom his quondam Matter, Rawlins, had told his
Story, prefently propofed him as a very proper Pcrfon > adding, that he
was allured Welti Rais would part with him for 3Q0 Saimas > which Sum
the Owners foon disburfed,. and took, him aboard to fupervife what was
already done, and order what farther was to do. All Things ready, the
Exchange, mounted with twelve Guns, drew out of the Mole January 7.
1612. The Equipage confided of fixty three Turks, Renegadoes, Moors,
&c. Chrijlians as above. Rawlins, tho' hitherto he had not formed
any particular Scheme for his Deliverance, could not but regret his pre.-
fent wretched Subjection -, and his Refentment continually increafed, as
he beheld how unworthily both himfelf and his unfortunate Aflbciates
were treated by the imperious and domineering Ravithers of their native
Liberty y nor could he forbear frequently venting his Pafiion in Words.
He continually bemoaned his hard Lot, in being reduced, to undergo the
Tyranny of Dogs/ Mifcreants ! Mahometan Dogs / as he never ceafed
calling them. Some of the Slaves, pitying his D infraction, as they took
it to be, advifed him to fpeak lower, led he fared wovfe. ' Worfef
" faid he,. What can be worfe ? I'll cither attempt my Deliverance, or
" perirti in the Enterprife. " Adding, " That if they would but hearken
" to hiai, and join their Endeavours towards a Releafe from that Bon-
* dage, he doubted not putting them in a Way of gaining both Honour
" and Liberty. " They intreated him to be quiet, and not to difturb his
Brain with dreaming of ImpofTibilitiesj yet allured him withal, " That if
" he had any Method to propofc, that carried with it Reafoaand Pro?
Ct babiljiy, he might depend upon Secrecy and Fidelity, and they would

" willingly

6,$ The HISTORY of AttHEftS,

cc willingly hatard their Lives with him." The lph in the Morning
they were overtaken by a ("mall Algerine Cruifer, who failed the Day after
them, and brought Intelligence of fix Sateas and a Polacre near at Hand,
and which foon after came in -Sight. Thefe Veflels being chaced, the
Sateas got all clear away; "but the Men in the Polacre finding they could
not poflibly efcape with their VefTel, ran her afhore, near Cape DeGata,
and preferved their Liberty by Flight. The VefTel was got clear offby the
Corfuirs, who threw her Guns over-board in order to lighten her. Her
Cargo was Logwood and Hides. Nine Mahometans and one Englijb
Slave out of the Exchange, with fix of the little Ship's Company, Were
drawn out to man and conduct the faid Prize to Algiers. Difputes arifing
about the Partition of the Plunder, the lefTer Ship bore away homeward,
while the Captain of the Exchange, taking Advantage of a favourable
Wind, plied without the Streights, which very much rejoiced Rawlins.
However, as fevcral Turks were unwilling to venture into the Ocean, Re-
courfe was had to their ufual Conjuring, or Divination, as fpoken of
elfewhere. During this another Algerine came up j and the Captain of
the Exchange complaining to the new- Comer, that being becalmed by the
Southern Cafe, and having not as yet taken any Prize worth mentioning,
his Turks refufed to go any farther Northward ; whereas he was refolved
not to return to Algiers without fomething worth his while; but would
rather, he faid, go to Sill* (or Sallee, as it is corruptly called) and there
fell his Chriflians to victual his Ship. By the Perfuafions of the other
Captain and his Company all was pacified $ that Ship ftruck away home-
wards, and the Exchange to the North, in Hopes of fome good Booty.
Rawlins, flill more and more determined in his Refolutions, of laying
hold on the firft Opportunity of furprifing the Ship, by Degrees broke
his Mind to feveral, and brought them over to his Party. He provided
himfelf with Ropes and other necefTary Utenfils, wherewith he knew
how to make faft all the Skuttles, Gratings, Cabbins, &c. thereby to
(hut up even the Captain himfelf, with all his Conforts, and fo to manage
Affairs, that, upon the Watch- Word given, the Partifans being Matters
of the Gun- Room, Ordinance and Powder, they might either blow up
their Enemies, or deftroy them one by one, in cafe they fhould get open
the Cabbins, and venture out. Being fecurc of all the Slaves, he accofl-
ed the four Dutchmen, who were free, as having redeemed themfelves j
and they came m readily enough. Next he went to work with the

chief

The History of Algiers. e$7

chief Gunner, an Englifb Renegado* whom managing very artfully, he
drew him into his Project, together with three of his Crew and Cloth,
and after them the three Dutch Renegadoes, all which feven, together with
five of the Slaves, had their Quarters in the Gun-Room. Matters being
almoft ripe for Execution, Rawlins, late one very dark Night, went to
remove an Iron Crow, in order to have it ready, among the reft of his
Implements, when wanted, it fliped out of his Hand, and fell down with
a great Noife. He fpeedily got himfelf out of the Way} but fomc Turks,
taking Alarm, went to the Captain, who fent his Boatfwain with a
Light j who, accompanied by others, haftencd^to the Gun- Room, and
fearching where the Slaves lay, found the Crow lying under one of the
Carriages j but not meeting with either Hatchet, Hammer, or any thing
elfe that could raife a Suipicion of the Enterprife the Hubbub was ap-
peafed, and the Captain faid, a That it was no uncommon Matter for
" a Crow to flip out of its Place." Continuing ftill their Courfe North-
wards, and Rawlins ftill feeling, the Pulfes of the Renegadoes, found that
they alrl ftood firm, and well affected j all the Scruple they made was
about the firft Onfet j alledging, " That confidering they were not
<c Slaves, nor ill treated by the Turks, it behoved not them to begin the
Enterprife > but when once it fhould be put in Execution they pro-
u mifed a vigorous Affiftance. " This was all very reafonable : But an
Accident happened that once more alarmed Rawlins very much. He
was fitting in the Gun-Room with the Mafter- Gunner, who, after he
had been making him the moft folemn Proteftations imaginable of Se-
crecy and all poffible Affiftance, went up, and left him there. In lefs
than a Quarter of an Hour he came down again, fate by him, and began
to difcourfe as before. Prefently after came in a Turk, with his Knife
drawn, whofe Point, with a furious Look, he fixed clofc to Rawlins**
Breaft. Confcious of his own Guilt, he fuddenly turned his Eyes to the
Gunner, and fancying he changed Colour, upbraided him with having
perfidioufly difcovered his Secret. The Gunner fwore he was innocent,
as in Fact he was, and told him the Man did but jeft with him. Upon
this Rawlins ftarted back, drew his own Knife, feized upon that the Gun-
ner had in his Safh, and afked the Turk the Meaning of his Behaviour j
who prefently threw down his Weapon, laughed, and told him he was
not in Earneft : However, notwithstanding all the Gunner could fay,

P p p p Rawlins

6j& The History of Algiers.

Rawlins kept the two Knives all Night in his Sleeve. He ftill drew the
Captain to lye for the Northern Cape, afluring him, " That by fo doing
** he could not well mite of a Purchafe. " But his Drift was to get the
Ship as far out of the common Road of the Turkijh Cruifers, and as near
England as he could. February 6. being about twelve Leagues from the
Cape, they fpied a Sail, which they chaced and took. This was a fmall
VefTel of Forbay, laden with Salt, and had on board nine Men and a
Boy. The Mate and two Seamen were left behind, and the Mafter with
the reft came aboard the Cruifer, who fent ten of his own People to
man her, among the which were two Dutch and one Englijh Renegado of
the Confederacy. Rawlins, before their Departure, found Means to
jpeak to them, and aflured them, that he pofitively defigned to profecute
the Enterprifc j exhorting them to acquaint the three Englijh in the
Bark of their Intention, and, in Conjunction with them, to bear up the
Helm for England, while the Turks flept j who, befides, being all Sol-
diers, and ignorant of Sea-Affairs, could not readily difcover what Courfc
they made j or if they fhould, all that was to be done, was to cut their
Throats, and throw them over board. So we will leave them for a
while to follow thefe Directions given them by Rawlins, and return to
fee how he himfelf managed Matters. No fooner had he Leifure to dif-
courfe thefe new Shves, but he communicated to them his Project.
Tho', at firft, they made fome Difficulty of believing what he faid, or
that what he propofed was practicable, yet when they had heard him our,
and found him very much in Earned, they readily offered their utmoft
Affiftance. The next Morning, February 7. the Prize was not to be Ccen 9
whereat the Captain began to ftorm 5 commanding Rawlins to beat up
and down in queft of her, which was done the whole Day to very little
Effect 5 when the Captain began to be fome what pacified, his Hopes
being that (he was gone for Algiers, where he fhould find her at his
Return. Rawlins, however, dreading left in this Humour he fhould turn
towards the S freights, the Morning following, being February 8. he went
down into the Hold, where finding much Water, he acquainted the
Captain j telling him 3 " That it did not reach the Pump : " Which
he politicly did, that he might remove fome of the Ordinance j for when
the Captain afked him the Reafon, he told him 5 " The Ship lay too high
" in Water abaft. " And being ordered to ufe the beft Means he was
able to bring her in Order, he replied ; " He knew nothing better than

"to

Ihe History ^/Algiers. 659

" to draw four of the Guns ahead towards the Stern, which would
" bring the Water aft to the Pump. " This wac immediately done, and
two Guns placed with their Mouths right before the Bittaclej and Raw-
lins got of the Gunner as much Powder as would fcrve to prime them.
All things were now concerted, every Man's Poll affigned him, the Time
to be two in the Afternoon the next Day (being February p.) and the
Watch- Word to be God, King James, and St. George for England >
with loud Huzzas upon Report of the Guns. Rawlins advifed the Ma-
iler-Gunner to fpeak to the Captain, that the Soldiers might attend on
the Poop, which would bring the Ship aft j to which the Captain rea-
dily confented, and about twenty of them went upon the Poop, and five
or fix more into the Captain's Cabbin, where always lay feveral Scimetars
and fome Targets. Then the Slaves fell to work, pumping the Water,
and carrying Matters fairly till next Day. Rawlins and his Party made
up twenty four Men and one Boy j the others were forty five. Rot and
Davie's, who, as has been obferved, were taken with Rawlins in his
Bark, were the Perfons appointed to fire the Guns. About Noon they
went to get ready their Matches > and to bring them off lighted without
Difcovery, one of them concealed his Match between two Spoons, and
the other in a Bit of Cane. -To cut fliort : The Confederates a&ed
their Parts fo well, and the oppofite Party were taken fo unawares, that,
in a very little while, Rawlins became Mailer of the VefTel, without
the lead Lofs or Damage, either to himfelf, or Company. Only the
Captain, and five more remained alive, who were brought to Plimoutb

the fifth Day after, being February i}. Upon the firft Alarm, the

Captain is faid to have been writing in his Cabbin, and to have lhewed
himfelf, Scimetar in Hand * thinking, by his Authority, to have done
Wonders : But beholding the Poilure and Difpofition of the Affailants,
on his Knees, he begged Mercy, directing his Difcourfe to Rawlins,
whom he perceived to be the Ring-Leader : Intimating > " That, fince
a he had given him a Command in his Ship, when it lay in his Power to
u have done quite . otherwife, and had not, perfonally, mifufed him, he
4 < was intitled to fome Favour at his Hands. " This Rawlins acknow-
ledged, and ailured him of his Life. Thofe who were fhut in be-
tween Decks, did all they poflibly were able, with Hatchets and
what came to Hand, to cut their Way out ; but were quieted and de-
ftroied with fmall Shot, the Dead and Difabled thrown into the Sea,

? P p P z and

66o The History ^Algiers.

and the Ship foon cleared and wafhed. Purchas concludes the Story
thus* The A&ors in this comic Tragedy are mod of them alive* the
Turks are in Plimouth Jail, the Ship is to be feen, and Rawlins dares juftify
the Matter. As for the Torbay Veflel, (he got fafe to Penfance in Corn-
wall, two Days before. The three Renegadoes foon engaged the three
Englijb aboard her to join with them, and they carried their Point with
much more Eafe, and far lefs Bloodmed than did they in the Exchange,
The Turks fent to man her, being, as has been faid, no Mariners, were
made believe, that the Wind was come fair for the Streights, and that
they were making the beft of their Way thither, till they came in Sight
of the Lands-End-, when, however, one of them faidj " He was fure
u that was not Cape St. Vincent ." " Yes, yes it is, faid the Englijb
" Sailor at the Helm 5 and if you and the reft of you will go down into
* c the Hold, and trim the Salt to Windward, whereby the Ship may bear
" full Sail, you (hall know and fee more by to morrow. " Five of them
went down very orderly, the Renegadoes feigning themfelves afleepj but
flatting up fuddenly, with the Afliftance of the two Englijb, they nailed
down the Hatches. One of the Turks would have oppofed, and began
to be clamorous j but he was foon filenced, his Brains being dafiied out.
The other fix were carried to Exeter.

A. D. i6zy. The Algerines ftill kept in Defiance with all the Powers of
Europe, except the Dutch ; and all Chrijlendom rang of their Ravages. Not
to mention every trifling Particular, the enfuing Abftrat of a genuine
Letter, from Sir Dudley Carleton, the Englijb EmbafTador at the Hague,
to the D. of Buckingham, will afford fome Idea of the State of Naviga-
tion in thofe Days. The Original is in Cabala, Jive Scrinia Sacra, Vol. I.
P. 541 . It bears Date January 24. 1 61 f .

The fecond Propofal I have to make, is a Truce with the Pirates o
Algiers-, fuch a one as this State hath made in Conformity to the Peace
with the Grand Signor, which will be no more obferved for unmolefting
all, and every one of our Merchant Ships, as they are ftraglingly lighted
on, than it is with thofe Men (the Dutch) who fuffer many Loflcs in
particular > but thofe are recompenced in the generai : For the Spaniards
are much amazed with this Correfpondence 5 and the Men of- War of this
State, or fuch Merchants as can make any reafonable Defenfe, are moft
meddled withal. Befides, in any Matter of Offence they concur toge-
ther : And even now a Proportion is made from Algiers to the Prince of

1 Orange,

The History ^Algiers. 6t

Orange, which I have from his own Mouth, to acquaint your Grace
therewith j "That in cafe this State, againft the Beginning of next
" Summer, will fet out twenty Sail of Ships, upon any good Service
<c againft the Spaniards, they will join unto them fixty Sail to purfue the
<c Defign, whatfoever it {hall be of this State. M The Acceptation of
which Offer being now in Deliberation, it will be fufpended till it be
feen how this unexpected Buflnefs with his Majefty may proceed * and
then they will here do nothing but that as may concur with our common
Intercfts. But becaufe the Negotiation of this Matter with thofe of
Algiers, that is a Truce between his Majcfty's Subjects and thofe People,
will require Time, your Grace may, provifionally, move his Majefty, if
the Matter be well liked, to ufe fuch Endeavours as may conduce there*
unto. Here they ufe to write, and fend thro* France, by Marfielles, to
the Conful they have continually at Algiers, by whofc Means, if no bet-
ter prefent itfelf, any Thing may be propofed his Majefty mall think
fitting.

This Year, under the Government of Maharam Bajha, is very memo-
rable among the Algerines, on Account of a moft dangerous Confpiracy
raifed by the r Kul-Oglous, who feized on the Cafabba, or Citadel, wherein
the public Treafury, and a good Quantity of Powder was depofited >
hoping, by this Means, to have got the Government intirely into their
own Hands, in which the Moors, &c. inhabiting the City and its Neigh-
bourhood, would, in all Probability, have affifted them, had they not
been fo foon fupprefled as they were. Part of the Cafabba blew up, the
Treafury cfcaped the Blaft. The Turks and their faft Friends the Rene-
gadoes defeated them, with considerable Slaughter. Several Scores of the
Revolters were cut in Pieces, and many of their Heads in Heaps, arc
ftill to be feen upon the City Wall, without Beb Azoun, or the Eaftern
Gate. For feveral Years after, no Kul-Oglou was admitted even into
Pay j and to this Day they are intirely excluded from officiating in the
Poft of Aga of the Janifaries. This Hint mail ferve for the prefenr.

if 2.7. Sultan Morat, or Amurad. IV. had juft concluded a Peace, or
Truce with the Emperor Ferdinand II. for twenty five Years j the rather
induced thereto by Reafon of a heavy War in which he was ingaged with

I Look back to P. 617.

the

66i The History ef Algiers.

the Perfian; it being the Turkijh Maxim, not to be over-matched if pof-
flbly to be avoided. Haiti Bajha, the Sultan's Grand Wazir, and his
Brother-in-Law, who commanded the Army in Perjia, having fuffercd
himfelf to be baffled in feveral Rencounters with the Sopbi, was recalled >
the Charge of the Army committed to the Bajha of Diarbikier, and the
Wazir^ as an Atonement for his ill Succefs, had half a Million of Dol-
lars of his Money fqueezed into the Grand Signor's Exchequer. The
Ottoman Court being in fome Confufion at thefe Reverfes, as likewife on
Account of fome Commotions in AJia, the Barbary Corfairs, particularly
the Alger ines, judged this a proper Juncture to (hake off fome Part of
their Obedience to the Porte. Grown proud and opulent by the con-
tinual Depredations they made on the Chriftians, as well on the Coafts as
at Sea, they infolently determined to fet up for three independent States,
and to look upon themfelves to be now lefs than ever concerned in the
Treaties made by the Grand Signor with any of the Chrijlian Potentates;
but that whoever de fired Peace with them, {hould feparately and diftinctly
make Application to their refpective Governments. Thus refolved, fix
of their Cruifers chaced feveral Merchant Ships, at Peace with the Ot-
toman Emperor, into his own Port of Rhodes, where, not with Handing
the Caftle fired at them, they daringly attacked and carried them off. A
Dutch -Ship, with a rich Lading from Alexandria, had next the Misfor-
tune to fall into their Clutches. They then fleered into the Port of Sa-
lines, in the Ifland of Cyprus, and fet upon two large Venetians, both
which were confumed with Fire, one by the Enemy, and the other by
themfelves. Sailing from thence to Scandaroon, or Alexandretta, they
feized a Dutch Ship and a Polacre, and then landed. The Turkijb Aga 9
and all the Inhabitants fled, and left the Town at their Difcretionj info-
much, that having none to oppofe them, they plundered all the Maga-
aines and Ware-Houfes, and then fet them on Fire. The Lofs the Englijb
and Dutch Merchants alone fuffered at that Time, was computed at up-
wards of 40000 Dollars. Complaint of thefe Diforders were made
by the EmbafTadors at the Porte % where they reprefcnted, " That ex-
<c cept fome Remedy was applied to fuch Grievances, a general Stop
" muft, unavoidably, be put to ail Commerce ; fince there was no Se-
c curity to be expected in the Articles and Faith of the Grand Signor."
Tho' the Grand Wazir, and the other great Bajhas Teemed to lend a fa-
vourable Ear to thefe Rcmonflrances, and promifed Redrefs, yet being

z afterwards

The History 0/ Algiers. 663

afterwards corrupted by Share of the Spoil, the Memorials of the Em-
bafladors were, by Degrees, rejected, and the Sufferers found themfelves
obliged to fit down with their LofTes.

However, thefe daring Corfairs, notwithstanding their Prefents, had
mitigated Matters pretty much in their Favour, failed not meeting with
fome (harp Reprimands from the Ottoman Miniftry. In their Justifica-
tion they alledged, " That the Advantages and Benefits accruing to the
" Porte from the Hoftilities and Depredations by them committed on the
" Chriftians, were far from being inconfiderable : That they merited fome
" Indulgence; fince it was they alone who curbed the Weftern Infidels-,
(landing, as fo many impregnable Bulwarks, in the very Jaws of the
* c King of*S>0,anirreconcileableEnemy to the MufulmanName-," And
to conclude, added, " That were they to obferve Punctilioes with all
thofe who could purchafe Peace and Liberty of trading in the Ottoman
c Dominions, they might even fet Fire to all their Shipping, and turn
Camel-Drivers for a wretched Livelihood. "

Thefe Arguments, with others of a like Strain, accompanied with a
good Number of felect Slaves, fome ftrong and robuft for the Service of
the Grand Signor's Gallies, others young and beautiful for the Seraglio^
were fo prevalent, that all was hufhed up and connived at -, tho' in public
the Deputies were not much countenanced, in order to put a Stop to the
Clamours of the Embafladors ; yet the Court privately rejoiced at the
Proceedings and Succeffes of thofe Sea-Rovers. This may be the readier
conjectured from the fierce impetuous Temper of the young Sultan, who
had he difliked it, was not of a Humour to fuffer himfelf to be difobeyed
with Impunity. He was then in his twentieth Year, nd had reigned
almoft five : He was one of the rood martial and vigorous Princes that
ever fwayed the Ottoman Scepter. -This is the firft Time I could ever
learn, that thefe Corfairs had the Prefumption openly to violate the Grand
Signor's Ports: But the Ice being thus broke, they dared all things.
Their Bajhas, indeed, they had feveral Times infulted, and hurried home
to their Matter, with Ignominy and Contempt j and their Pleas and Ex-
cufes were not very often rejected, efpecially if the Prefents which ac-
companied them were approved of. As their Naval Strength increafed fo
alfo did their Impudence. There are many later Inftances of their infuperable
Infolence in feveral of the Ottoman Ports, and of their impudently bully-
ing the 6rand Signor : Tho* they always feem to carry it fair in Words,

and

064 The History ef A&gibus,

and are prompt enough to beg Pardon. As for their Bajhas (except now and
then one of a more than ordinary vigorous Spirit would a little exert
himfelf j and then he came fcurvily off) their Power and Authority
were fo dwindled, that few of them deferve even Mention.

This fame Year, happened the following notable Sea- Rencounter. Four
younger Brothers, of noble Families in France, full of youthful Fire, and
defirous of advancing their {lender Fortunes by their Valour, joined Pur-
i'es, and fitted out a fmall Frigat of ten Guns at Rochel, intending to try
what they could do by cruifing, particularly in the Mediterranean. Two
of them, being Knights of Malta, procured a Commiffion from that Or-
der, under Maltefe Colours to fight againft the Crefcent j and the others
got the King of France's* againft the Enemies of that Crown. The
News of their Preparations foon brought them near a hundred Cadets Ad-
venturers > fo with an able Mafter, proper Officers, and thirty fix ftout
Mariners, they put to Sea. On the Spanijh Coaft, they, under their
French Colours, took a Prize laden with Wine, which encouraged them
very much, looking on it as a profperous Beginning. Three Days after
they difcovered two Algerines, to whom they boldly gave Chace, with
Maltefe Colours. The Corfairs being pretty large Ships, and well man-
ned, defpifed the fmall Bulk of the Purfuer, and with furled Sails lay-by
till thefe brifk Adventurers could come up with them. Our French Gal-
lants determined to abandon their own Frigat, and to board the largeft of
the Enemies Ships, carrying twenty four Guns : But the Corfair, who
was no Novice at his Profefllon, gueffing at their Defign by the vigor-
ous Approach they made towards him, by lowering his Sails, avoided
grappling. This unexpected Difappointment put our Cadets into fome
Confufion, yet not fo but that, as they paffed by, they gave the Turk a
Volley from their ten Guns, brought all on one Side, from whom they
received the like Salute. Several Times they attempted to board, but
were as often difappointed by the crafty Corfairs, who plainly perceived
what Sort of an Enemy they had to deal withal, and fo taking the Fri-
gat in the Middle between them, plied her with their great Shot at a
Diftance, which flic, not with Handing the Difadvantage of forty four
Guns to ten, returned with notable Smartnefs and Refolution. An un-
lucky Shot foon took the Main-Maft, which obliged them to furl up
their Sail, left the Maft (hould come by the Board. However, they ftill
made a mod gallant Defenfe, and had probably done fomething ftill

The History o/Algiers. 66$

more worth talking of, had not the Noife of their firing brought in five
Algerines more to the Afliftance of their Contorts ; infomuch, that this
unhappy Frigat, being now clofely befet by feven Men-of- War, the lead
of which was of much greater Force than her felf, was peppered on all
Sides, and fo fluttered, that, the Water gufliing in at twenty Leaks, fiie
was no longer able to fwim. Thefe unfortunate Gentlemen, hereby de-
prived of the Means rather than of the Defire and Refolution of defend-
ing themfelves, fought only how to fave their Lives, moil of them leaping
into the Sea to avoid going to the Bottom with their finking Veflel.
They were taken up by the Corfairs Boats, and divided among the (even
Cruifers who, more by Numbers than true Prowefs, had reduced them to
that Extremity. France was then at Peace with Algiers ; yet as thefe
Adventurers were actually the Aggreflbrs, and had attacked them under
the Colours of their fworn Enemies, their Perfons were declared lawful
Prize. As for the four Cavaliers, who were at the Charge of that Expe-
dition, after a fevere Captivity of about feven Years Continuance, they
were, at the Clofe of 1642,. ranfomed for 6000 Dollars.

1637. F. Hernando Camargo y Salcedo y who continues Mariana's Hi-
flory of Spain, fays thus:- The French having Intelligence, that the
Conde De Monterrey was quitting Naples, and his Effects imbarked on
ibme Neapolitan Veflels, they fitted out fourteen large Galeots from their
Fleet, and lay waiting for thofe Tranfports feveral Days on the Coaft of
Monaco. But a furious Eaft- Wind arifing, they were difperfed, and the
greater! Part of them driven to Algiers, where, as Friends and Allies^
they were permitted to land and refreih. There the French General, agi-
tated with his natural Unquietnefs, demanded of that Regency, that all
the Captives of his Nation fhould be delivered up to him 5 which De-
mand was refufed. Whereupon the choleric, impatient General fcized on
the new Bajha, or Vice-Roy, who was juft arrived from Conftanibiople
in a Caramuzal, together with a Cadi, or Judge, and all their Equi-
page and Retinue j and putting out to Sea, fent the Algerines Word,
that, if his Demands were not inftantly complied with, he would
carry off all thofe Turks ; and accordingly did fo. The Algerines pre.
fently got ready eight Gallics; and fell upon a f Settlement belonging to
the French upon that Coaft, which they maintain on Account of Trade,
and is no fmall one j the Habitants being at leaft 600 : And furprifing.

-.-.- ' * ..mi 1 r-

* Called La Bajlion de France, of which more may be faid clfcwhere.

Q^q q q them

666 The History ^/Algiers.

them unawares, carried away their Perfons and Effects, with feveral Ships
and VefTels. " This is the Manner, fays he, that thefe Friends and Allies
" correfpond with each other : But the French Admiral gives out, that as
< foon as the Scafon will permit, he will make them another Vifit, with
his whole Fleet."

1638. Sultan Morat, at the Head of a formidable Army, compofed of
the very Nerves and Flower of the Ottomans, was directing his Courfe to-
wards the Per/tan Dominions, refolutely bent on the Reduction of Bag-
dad, or Babylon. He carried it, after a violent Siege, with wonderful
Slaughterboth of the Enemy and of his own Troops. The Barbary Corfairs
flill continuing their ufual Ravages, letting flip no Occafion where they
had any Profpect of Booty, the moft remarkable Expedition of theirs I
meet with in feveral Years paft, occurred during this the Grand Signor's
Abfence. Alt Pichinin, General of the Algerine Gallies and Galeots,
looking on this Juncture as very proper for fome notable Attempt on the
Coaft of Italyy put to Sea with his largeft VefTels 5 and, touching at
Biferta, he picked up fome few of the Tunis Gallies, and between them
they made a fmart Squadron of fixteen Sail, exceedingly well-manned,
appointed and provided with all NecefTaries. Their main Defign was
upon the Treafure of Loretto : But being prevented by contrary Winds
from entering fo high into the Gulf, they made a Defcent in Puglia, in
the Kingdom of Naples, and facked the whole Territory of Nicotra, car-
rying off a very considerable Booty, and a great Number of Captives,
among which were feveral Nuns, whom they proftituted to their Luff.
From thence they paffed over to the Coaft of Dalmatia, and in Sight
of Cataro took a Veffel, and fcouring the Adriatic, made Prize of all
the Chriftian Shipping they encountered in thofe Seas. This occaGoned
great Commotions throughout all Italy, the People murmuring againft
their Princes for thus abandoning, to the Difcretion of a few inconfidera-
ble Pirates, the Lives, Liberties and Fortunes of their Subjects. Unluckily,
the Maltefe and Tufcan Gallies, &t were roving after Purchafe in the Arcbi.
pelago, little regarding what was tranfacting in the Gulf: And as for the
Spaniards, they, according to Cuftom, were loitering away the whole
Summer in making Preparations i fo that long before they were ready to
fet out from their Ports, the Barbarefchi were preparing to make off with

what they had got with fo little Oppofition.

Italy

The Historvt of Algiers. 66?

Italy being thus left wholly to the Protection of the Venetians, that
Republic, alarmed at thofe Ravages, equipped out a Fleet confifting of
twenty eight Gallies, and two Galeafles, committing it to the Command
of Marin Capello, with exprefs Order to fink, burn and deftroy the Bar*
bary Squadron, wherefoever they were found, either in the open Sea, or
in any of the Grand Signor's Harbours, according to the Claufe inferted
in the Articles of Peace between that State and the Ottoman Court,
whereby all Protection to any Free-Booters was abfolutely renounced.

The Florentines and Maltefes had been cruifing in the Levant, where
they had done confiderable Mifchief. Juft as the Barbary Fleet was
about to withdraw, laden with Spoils, the Captain-Bajha fent to the At-
gbrine Admiral to demand his fpeedy Affiftance to chaflife thofe bold Cor-
fairs. Thefe Summons were readily complied with by Ali Pichinin and
his Conforts : But in order to take their Farewel of thofe Parts, they de-
termined to plunder Lijfa, or Lejina, a fmall Ifland belonging to the Ve-
netians. Before they could reach it, they were overtaken by Capello, with
the Fleet under his Command, near Valona, a Port belonging to the
Grand Signor 5 whereupon the Barbarefchi, to avoid the approaching
Danger, got in, and fheltered themfelves under the Cannon of the Ca-
ltle, and were protected by the Turkijh Garrifon 5 tho' their fo doing was
contrary to late Articles and Agreements. Capello faluted the Caftle with-
out Ball, and demanded, by an Officer whom he fent to the Aga of the
Caftle, that, according to Articles, the Corfairs might be rejected. The
only Anfwer was a Shot from one of their Cannon, whereby the Turks
plainly fhewed their Intentions of protecting the Barbarefchi. Upon this
Capello drew off to fome Diftance, and coming to Anchor, defigned to
block them up in the Port. Ali Pichinin, after having impatiently un-
dergone that Confinement for fome Days, attempted, very early one Morn-
ing, to make his Efcape by Dint of Oar, aflifted by a favourable Gale
of Wind : But being difcovered by the vigilant Venetians, juft as they
had advanced without the Harbour, Capello divided his Fleet into two
Squadrons, and attacked the Enemy very briskly, and met with as brisk a
Return. The Conflict held at lcaft two Hours, the Caftle of Valona
firing ail the while at the Venetians with the utmoft Fury. A Shot took
the Mali of one of the Galeafles, and the Captain Lorenzo Marcello was
wounded by a Splinter. The Lofs on the Venetian Side was inconfidera-
blej but the Enemy's Gallies were forely fluttered, five of them quite

Q_q q q 2 difabled,

66% The History of Algiers.

difabled, and near I f oo. of their Men, "Turks and Cbriftian Slaves, either
killed or wounded, whereupon they again betook themfelves to Shelter,
the Venetians returned to their Place of Anchorage, and 1600 Galley-
Slaves obtained theft- Liberty by this Rencounter.

The Senate of Venice being informed of all this, wrote to Capella,
" That, to avoid involving the State in a ruinous Rupture with the Turk,
li he fhould not attempt, any thing upon thofe Mifcreants on Shore, but
u if he met with them in theopenSeas, hefhould ufehisbefl Endeavour
4< to deftroy them." He had likewife a Letter from the Commanders of the
Town and Caftle, importing, <c That he fhould confider that he was in
" the Dominions of the Ottoman Emperor, and confequently be very
" cautious how he offered any Violence there, except he defigned to
c involve his Matters in an unavoidable War with a Prince jealous of
" his Honour, and to whofe Power they were far from being Stran-
gers."

In the mean while the Barbarefcbi, in order to repair Part of their late
Damages, had fet up Tents afhore, and landed all their Equipage, toge.
ther with the choiceft of their Booty. They were in Hopes that fome
Storm would have forced their Enemies to remove from their Station y
but contrary to Expectation the Weather continued fair. CapeUo was
quite tired out with waiting upwards of a Months and being encou-
raged by a MefFage from the Duke of Medina it las Torres, Vice-Roy of
Naples, who highly extolled the Glory of an Enterprife which would
fo much redound to the Honour of the Republic in particular, and to the,
common Advantage- of all Chriftendom in general, offering, at the fame
Time,, all Affiftance of Refrefkments and Ammunition; exhorting him
not to let flip fo. favourable an Opportunity, which probably might never
offer again. This, joined with his Impatience at fo tedious an Attend*
ance, prevailed with him to refolve to wait no longer > fo that advancing
with his whole Force, and firing at the Tents on Shore, he fent in fome
Galeots and Brigantines, well manned, who, to the utter Confufion and
Amazement of the Turks, behaved themfelves fo gallantly, that in a ihorj
Space of Time, and with little or no Damage, they towed out the fix-
teen Gallies, with all their Cannon, Arms, Stores, &V. In the Conflict,
a Shot from one of the GaleafTcs (truck a Mofque, which extremely ag-
gravated the Matter.

1 When.

The History of Algiers. <j<j$

When the Senate of Venice heard of this Action, tho' by many warm
Spirits it was applauded as a mod gallant Exploit, yet by all the grave Sena-
tors, and others of mature Judgment, it was highly r<fented,ns an exprefs
Breach of Orders, and what might be attended with the word of Confe-
quences. Neverthelefs, fince the Fact was committed, and now pad re-
calling, the Senate immediately difpatched away Orders to fink all the
Prizes, except the Admiral of Algiers, which was to be conducted to
the Arfenal, there to be referved as a lading Trophy of that notablfi
Victory over thofe common Difturbers of the Peace of Chriftendom. The
brave Capello was called to drict Account, and feverely reprimanded) and
it was not without much Difficulty that the Ottoman Court was appeafeii
with 5*00000 Ducats, which the Venetians were glad to difburfe, thinking,
themfelves very well acquitted.

The Grand Signor would have built and fitted out ten new Gallies for
rhe Algerines at his own Charge, conditionally, that they fhould con-
tinue in his Service till the End of the enfuing Summer. But All Pichi*
tiin wholly declined laying himfelf under any fuch Obligation, as fufpect-
ing this Excefs of Ottoman Generofity to be no other than a Snare to en-
gage him and his Affociates in the Levant for Life y fo he fet two Gallies
on the Stocks upon his own Account.

Tho' this Affair occafioned great Didurbance in Turkey, the Noifc it
made at Algiers was exorbitant. The News of that Difader cad the
whole Town into the utmod Condernation : The Public differed very
much j and many of the Armadores, and others, were almod ruined. To lofe all
their bed Gallies and fo many Slaves at once was a terrible Stroke j but the
Sentiments of the Sufferers appeared only in their dejected Looks, and pri-
vate Mutterings, till the Return of the Captains, Soldiery, fcrV. who
were at the Expedition, and who, procuring Paflage home as bed they
could, dropped in by Degrees. Then it was that the Glamour began $
and the Animofity among thatconfufed and tumultuous Rabble was carried
on to fuch a Height, that they wero jud ready to commence a Civil
War, had not the Bafia and Diwan feafonably interpofed, before much
Mifchief was done, by proclaiming it immediate Death, without Remif-
fion or Exception of Perfons, to any who fhould prefume to take their
Thumbs from within their Girdles, while they were in any Difpute upon-
that Account 3 infomuch, that the contending Parties, blaming each"
other for the late Mifcarriage, could only vent their Spleen by bitter In-
vectives

670 The History of Algiers.

vectives and Reflections, fcurrilous Language, Punches with their El-
bows, and, as Occafion offered, now and then throwing their Heads in
each others Jaws. However, all this making but (lender Amends for
their Damages, they moved the JBaJha and Diwatt to make Application
to the Porte, that the Venetians fettled in the Levant fhould make Re-
paration: But half a Million of Ducats being already entered the Grand
Signor's Treafury upon that very Score, the Algerines were obliged to
put up with the Lofs, and the Armadores fell to building more Gallies
with all Diligence and Expedition.

The fame Summer that this unlucky Bufincfs happened to the Algerines,
fome of them having for many Days cruifed up and down in the Ocean
to no Purpofe, were, half in Defpair, preparing to turn their Prows
homewards. An Ifelander, on board one of the Corfairs (I think there
were only two Ships) who fome Years before had been taken in a Dane,
and had turned Turk, propofed to his Captain, ff That if he thought fit
" he would conduct him to his own Country, provided he would not
<c think the Voyage too long, and would enfure him a iuitable Reward,
" in cafe they fucceeded : Adding, That if his Advice was followed, they
*' could not fail of a good Number of Slaves. " This, tho' a Courfe
that no Mahometan, that I could ever hear of, had (leered either before or
fince, was eagerly mapped at by thofe hungry Sea-Rovers j and, under
the Conduct of that gracelefs Mifcreant, who envied his wretched Coun-
try People the only Happinels they enjoyed, their Liberty, they brought
off upwards of 800. of both Sexes and all Ages. Thus thofe poor lfe-
Janders, who imagined they had no other Enemies to encounter than Ice
and Poverty, with one of which they are, everlaftingly, forely afflicted,
and with the other, for at lead eight Months in the Year, were, thro' the
Treachery of a Villain, dragged away, when they leaft dreamed of it,
to a miferablc Captivity, from which they, of all Nations, had the leaft
Profpeft of Redemption: Nay, it is more than barely probable, thar,
among thofe wretched Captives, there might be fome of the InfideVs
own neareft Relatives. Some few of them were afterwards ranfomed by
the King of Denmark. Many became Mahometans.

1641. This Summer, according to M. D'Aranda, the Algerines had no
lefs than fixty five Ships, befides feveral Gallies, or Galeots on the Cruife,
all at one Time j nor is it to be fuppofed but that there were ilill fome others
in Port : And this I take to be the Time when thofe Corfairs were in

1 their

The History of Algiers. / 67 r

rheir Zenith. Four of their Gallies, under the Conduct of All Pichinin*
met with a fmart Rencounter with a gallant Dutchman, the Particulars
whereof are worth relating. It happened thus. As that adventurous
Admiral was fitting out this little Squadron, the Kayia, or Lieutenant of
the Bajha of Tripoly arrived at Algiers, in a beautiful Galley, finely fee
out with Standards, Streamers, and other Ornament?, exceedingly well
manned with Turks and Renegadoes, well clad and better armed, with a
full Compliment of (lout Rowers, moft or them RuJJians, whom the
Turks prefer to all other Nations, for the Service of their Gallies, in which
Strength is chiefly required.

The Bufinefs this Officer had at Algiers was to purchace ifo Spanijh
and Italian Slaves, which the Bajloa of Tripoly had Orders to fend to the
Ottoman Court. Finding his Negociation was likely to detain him longer
than he at firft expected, he told AH Pichinin, " That if he thought
'* well of it, he would try his Fortune with him in that Cruife. " The
Admiral let him know he fhould be glad of his Company. A few Days
after their fetting out, they met with a flout EngliJJj Merchant of forty
Guns, whom Pichinin was for attacking ; but his Captains, not liking,
the Englijhman's Afpect, fhewed very little Stomach to the Propofal : So
our Ship made the beft of its Way.

The next Day they took a (mall Prize of very little Value 5 uporr
which the Captains being fomewhat out of Humour, AH Pichinin iharply
told them, 4c That, had they wanted a good Prize, they fhould not have
" let the EngUJhman go. " This fo nettled them, that they fwore to at-
tack the firft Chriflian Ship they met with j at which Refolution the
Admiral was well pleafed* The fecond Day after they came up with a
Dutch Ship, carrying twenty eight Guns, and forty Men, which, by
Reafon of the Calm, could make no Advantage of. her Sails. Being
within Gun-Shot, a Renegado Zelander was ordered to advance in one
of the two Brigantines which had joined them, to fummon the Captain
to furrender, telling him, <c That Ali Pichinin, the Captain-General of
* the Gallies of Algiers, who was there in Perfon, had fworn by the
46 Grand Signor's Head, that if he delivered up his Ship and Cargo with-
* c out Force, he would fet him and his whole Equipage on Chriflian Land j,
" adding, That if he refufed his wholefome Advice, he might repent
<c when too late. " As this Harangue was no-wife relifhing to the Dutch'
Captain, he prefently made Anfwer, * I know Alt Pichinin very well,,

J* havings

6ji The History ef Algiers.

u having ray felf been at Algiers: As for my Ship, I am intruded with
< it by very honcft Gentlemen, Merchants, who are my good Friends
and Benefactors j the Cargo likewife, is none of mine to difpofe of:
' But if your Captain has fo great a Mind to it, let him come aboard,
' and we will fee what can be done to give him Satisfaction."

This Anfwer being carried to Alt Pichinin, in a great Paflion he fwore,
he would make Hans change his Tune before he had done with him, and
immediately drew up the five Gallies, and two Brigantines, in the Form
of a Half-Moon, and in that Order rowed towards the Ship's Poop, de-
figning to difcharge all the Artillery of the Gallies at once (being Brafs
Cannon, moll of them carrying Balls of forty eight Pounds Weight) as
it were by a Crofs-Battery. Being jufl ready to give Fire, the Dutch
Captain, being a Perfon well experienced in Sea Affairs, with the Affift-
ance of a lucky Breeze of Wind, turned his Ship the quite contrary Way.
This unexpected Motion confounded the Corfairs, and utterly broke all
their Meafusesj for the Gallies bearing down with the utmofl Fury, by
Dint of Oar and Sail, upon their intended Prize, inftead of keeping
their Semilunar Pofition at the Ship's Poop, as they had defigned, they
ran foul of each other to their great Confufionj yet the Admiral's Galley
pafling clofe by the Dutchman' % Long- fide, poured in about fevency Sol-
diers, who, with naked Scimetars in their Hands, took Pofieflion of the
tipper Deck, and began to cut the Rigging, and throw Granadoes down
the Hatches. The Dutch had fecured themfelves in their clofe Quarters .
and turning two Guns loaded with fmall Shot upon the Enemy, they
made divers Difcharges among them, with very good Succefs. The
Gallies, tofecond their Adventurers, furrounded the Ship, but foon found
their Station too hot for them \ by Reafon that the Ship, being heavy
laden, lay fo deep in the Water, that every Shot that was fired made
terrible Execution among the Gallies, raking them Fore and Aft. Ah
Pichinin generoufly made one bold Attempt to recover his Men, coming
clofe up with his Galley on one Side, while the others were beginning
to remove themfelves farther from the Danger $ but the Dutch Captain,
to take his Leave of them, had loaded all his Guns with Cartouches, and
this Farewel Volley coft the Corfairs upwards of 200 Men, exclufive of
tbe W ounded, between Turks, Renegadoes^ Moors and Slaves.

The Ship being now left to purfue its Voyage, the Dutch Captain had
Lcifure to think of entertaining his new Gueils. Thofe who were not

4 dibbled,

The History of Algiers, 671

difabled, and were good Swimmers, had leaped into the Sea and faved
themfelves in the Gallies, at their firft making off: Many lay dead, or
little better, on the Deck : The reft, hoping for Quarter, at lead for
their Lives, were got up the Shrouds, from whence they were foort
brought down headlong with fome Vollies of Mufquet-Shot, and all this
in Sight of their Companions, who, tho' Spectators of the Tragedy, had
no manner of Maw to return to their Relief.

The Gillies made the beft of their Way home, being in no Condition
to keep the Sea any longer. When they came in Sight of Algiers, Crouds
ef People, as cultomary, thronged to know what News. Approaching
nearer, two of them were obferved to be without Flags, which were
judged to be Chriftian Gallies, of which Prize had been made. But
when it came to be known that thofe Gallies were Algerines, whofe
Commanders were dead, and that the Slownefs of their Pace was owing
to Want of Rowers, all their Mirth was converted into Sadnefs. The
Kayia of Tripoly died a few Days after his Arrival, of the Wounds be had
received in the Engagement with this brave Belgian, with whofe Name
I am very forry I cannot gratify my Reader.

This c Ali Pichinin was a Perfon who made a mod notable Figure at
Algiers, where he is ftill much talked of. Among other Eftates of his,
both in and without Town, there is at Algiers, a fine Han, or Fondue of
his, which ftill bears his Name. It is let out into Tenements, and is the
Residence of feveral of the chief Merchants, moftly Turks, and of fome
others of the fobereft Janifaries. There are in it abundance of the fined
Grapes one can any where meet with, the Vines running up even to the
uppermoft Apartments, ferving the Tenants not only for Shade and Or-
nament, but alfo for a feveral Months Regale when no Grapes are to be
had at Market. If I miftake not, it was built on the Place where his
Bagnio ftood, in which Bath, or rather Prifon, he kept locked up every
Night no lefs than 600 Slaves, of mo ft Nations and Callings; but the
Majority were Rowers in his Gallies. M. D'Aranda affirms him to have

1 This Algerine General (who, if I remember rightly, was the Son of a Renegado) is cor-
ruptly called Pegelin by feveral, particularly by M. Emanuel WAranda, who was his Slave,
and fays much of him in a Treatife he wrote of thefe Affairs ; but chiefly relating to him-
felf. From him I defigned ibme large Extracts, but for want of Room infert only thefe few
Hints ; tho' molt of them rather as the Algerines ftill talk than as D'Anvida writes.

R r r r had

$74 The History $f Algiers.

had ffo. (when that Gentleman was redeemed in 1642.) befides thofe
who ferved him at home, among whom were about forty young Lads,
richly habited, who attended him, for Oftentation, as Pages, and were
ftri&ly kept within Doors for Fear of being debauched by the beaftly
Turks: He himfelf being a profefled Enemy to allfuch abominable Vices.
Nor was he without Renegadoes^ tho' he cared not much that any of his
Cbriflians fhould turn MuJJulmans upon his Hands, which, in the Main,
was but picking his Pocket of fo much Money to give a Difciple to Ma-
kcwet, for whom he was remarked to have no extraordinary Veneration.
He actually cudgelled a Frenchman out of the Name of Muftafa (which
he had aflumed with a Turkijb Drefs) into that of John, which he would
fain have renounced. His Farms and Garden-Houfes were alfo under the
Direction of his own Cbriflians. 1 have heard much Difcourfe of a great
Entertainment he once made, at his Garden, for all the chief Armadores
and Corfairs, at which the Bajba was alfo a Gueft, but found his own
Vi&uals, as fearing fome foul Play j nothing of which is ill taken among
the Turks, All was dreffed at Town in the General's own Kitchen, and
pafTed along, from Hand to Hand, by his own Slaves up to the Garden-
Houfe, above two Miles diftant, where as much of the Victuals as got
fafe thither arrived fmoaking hot, as they tell the Story. Bur, in Spite
of the Vigilance of feveral Guardians, his lharp-fet and more vigilant
Slaves fo managed Matters, that two Thirds of the Contents of thofe
covered Difhes remained in fuch Repofitories as they had provided, and
the invited Guefts got fcarce a Belly-full : Nay, fome of thofe light-
fingered Gentry had the Aflurance to Sink even their Patron's Dirties.
It is (aid that Ali Picbinin was angry only with the Guardians, afking
them 5 " If they were ftill to learn, that his Cbriflians wore Hooks on
** their Fingers ? " Contrary to what was always pra&ifed at Algiers in
regard to all public Slaves, and others, to allow them three Loaves of
Bread every Morning, he allowed his not a Morfel, telling them -, c They
were a Crew of Scoundrels and Savages, unworthy the Name of a Slave,
c if, between * Al-Aafar and Al-Magrih (all which Time was their own

< to walk about where they pleafed, and is perhaps two, three or four

The third and fourth Times of Prayer. This laft is Sun-Set.

" Hours,

The History of Algiers. <s 7s

c Hours, according to the Time of Year) they could not get enough to
" fubfift on four and twenty Hours. " Nor did he ever check any of
his Slaves for purloining all they could lay Hand on abroad, telling fuch
as brought him Complaints j < c That his Slaves were all pilfering Rafcalsj
" that he could not help it, but advifed them to be more careful of fuch
c Rogues for the future. " Nothing was commoner than for People to
repair to his Bagnio, in order to buy or rather redeem their own Goods,
where they were publicly put up to Auction. Indeed, none would ac-
knowledge himfelf the Perfon who dole them ; only the Auctioneer
would tell thofe who laid Claim to any things, " That the Slaves who
c owned the Goods in Que (lion had left with him the lowed Price." A
thoufand Stories of this Kind are told : And, in fhort, Alt Pichinin has
the Honour of having trained up the cleaned Set of Thieves that were
any where to be met with. He once loft from his Finger a Diamond of
considerable Value, which much difturbed him , for, with all his merry-
Pranks and Humours, he was fomewhat avaricious. A Spanifb Slave of
his found and gave it him 5 for which unfeafonable Piece of Honcfty he
gave him half a Ducat, advifing him to buy a Halter, and calling him
Savage Bead, for not purchaflng his Freedom fince he had it fo much in
his own Power. Putting in upon the Coaft with his Galley for Wood
and Water, feme of the neighbouring Mountaineers inquired of the
Slaves, emploied afhore, if they had any Iron to fell. An arch Cur, an
Italian, nicknamed Fontimama, who was much regarded by the General
for his Adroitnefs in Legerdemain, agreed with two of thofe Moors to
fell them the great Anchor, which he mewed them, for five Ducats, and
took the Money j telling the Chaps, they had no more to do but to fetch
Men enough to carry it away. Glad of their Bargain, they foon return-
ed with twenty Moors, whom they brought aboard, and began to loolen
it from the Cable. The General, beholding them at that Sport, aiked
what they were about, and they told him the whole Truth. In vain
they fought for their Iron-Merchant, who had difguifed himfelf with a
great Patch over one of his Eyes: But his Patron and others foon fmelt
him out, yet took no Notice till his Chaps were gone, who were foon
made fcamper away fafter than they came thither. The General then
alked Fontimama, * How he durft, under his very Nofe, have the Im-
' pudence to offer to fell his Anchor out of his Galley ? " * Only.^

R r r r 2, " pleaie

676 The History of Algiers.

pleafe your Excellency, returned he, that (he might go the better.'*
This occasioned much Laughter > and all his Patron faid to him was,
" That he was fit to be a Slave, fince he knew fo well how to get his
w Living." This induftrious Bufca-Vita would make nothing of inviting a
Crew of his Camarades to dine or fup with him, at fuch an Hour, upon what
he could procure for their Entertainment againfl the Time prefixed.

Alt Picbinin was certainly one of the greateft Slave-Merchants that
Barb ary ever produced. He would fweeten, wheedle and compliment
his new Purchafes out of all they were worth, if they happened to be
over-eafy or credulous, and not upon their Guard : But there are others
at this Day, efpecially the Tagarines^ or Morifeoes^ who come pretty
near him in thofe Faculties. When he had bought a new Slave, who had
no ordinary Look (and the Algerines are very good Judges) he had him
brought to his Apartment, bidding him, " Have a good Heart and not
" be difmayed, fince Providence had fent him a good Patron > and that
M it would be intirely his own Fault if he was not treated like a Cava!-
" lerOi as he apparently was. Come, Sir, faid he, pray be pleafed

" to be covered and fit down by me. If you have Occafion for z or
i c 300 Dollars for your Pocket, they {hall always be very much at your
** Service: You may command my Purfe as if it was your own." With
abundance to the fame Tune, whereby many unwary Fanfarons have
been deluded, and have paid Sauce for thofe fweet Words of their oblig-
ing Patron. If a Layman looked any thing like, and had but a foft
Hand, he mull needs be a Conde or a Cavalier o, or at the very lead a
Merchant : If an Ecclefiaftic, the very lowed Rank in the Church (as
do at prefent moil of the modern Slave- Mongers) All Pichinin would
vouchfafe to allow him was that of Abbot, or Bifhop, if he did not dub
him Arch-Bifhop, and even Cardinal, having Vuefira Emineneia^ with all
other requifite Titles, ready at his Tongue's End upon all fuch Occafi-
ons. In cafe the Captive made bold with his Patron's Purfe, he was fure to
pay a round Intereft : But if he cut with him, as they term it, for a Sum
approved of, he might go and do in a manner jufl where and what he
pleafed, if any Conful, Merchant, Father, or other Perfon of Subftance
there redding, would be Security for the agreed-on Ranfom, without Ap-
prehenfion of his flying from his Bargain j he being a Man of his Word,
of which, among many others, the following is a remarkable In (lance.

A -Gtnstfe Merchant, named M. Antonio Falconiy after a long Refi-
1 dence

The History ef Algiers. 677

dcncc at Cadiz, was retiring to Genoua, there, amidit his Relations, to
enjoy the great Wealth he had acquired by Traffic. Having before fcnt
home the Bulk of his Effects, he imbarked with his only Daughter,
nine Years of Age, on a Brigantine, which, for Fear of the Corfairs,
kept always within Sight of the Shore. Upon the Coaft of Valencia
this fmall Veflel was difcovered and chaced by All Pichinin. With
Sails and Oars the Brigantine made to Land, but the Corfair was up
with it before the Child could be got aftiore j fo that, together with
the Veffel, fhe became a Prey to this General. The difconfolate Fa-
ther, perceiving his Darling in the Enemy's Pofleflion, ran into the
Water as far as he could wade, calling aloud to the 'Turks to fetch
him offi which fome of them inltandy did, tho' not without Amaze-
ment at the ftrange Rencounter. Signor Falconi being brought before
All Picbinin r that General, fomewhat jeeringly, afked himj " Why,
ff having had fo fortunate an Efcape, he, thus voluntarily, chofc Sla-
' very ? " The Merchant being informed that the Pcrfon who fpake
to him was Captain - General of the Algerine Gallies, and that he
underftood Italian very well, returned him this Anfwer. u Your Ex*-
" cellency is, perhaps, aftoniflied to fee me, of my own Accord,.
<c render up my felf to Captivity, a Condition which, by a natural In*
ftint, Men have all imaginable Reafon to dread : But the Reafons I
" {hall give your Excellency will remove this Altonifliment. I am a
" Merchant of Geneua, I have traded fome Years in Spain, and I
<c thought to retire with this Daughter, my only Child, into my na
< tive Country, there to pais the Remnant of my Days. Your Ext
w cellency has made her your Prifoner, and. you have taken me with
" her : For tho' I, feemingly, had efcaped, yet was I more a Pri-
" foner than ftie, by my Fatherly Affection. And therefore I thought.
" fit to render my felf to you. If now your Excellency will fet us;
c < at a Ranfom, I will pay it if I can s if nor, the Satisfaction of hav-
" ing done what I ought for my Daughter, will make me the more eafily
" fupport the Difficulties and Inconveniences of Slavery. " The
General, having very attentively liuened to this Difcourfe, replied .
" You lhall pay me for the Ranfom of your Self and Daughter tfooo
" Ducats. " Signor Falconi, without Hefitation, immediately faid j ,
" Sir, I will do it. " A certain rafcally Genouefe Slave, hearing what
had been concluded on, fcnt in a Mefiage to his Patron, that he der

fired .

ojS The History of Algiers.

fired to fpcat with him about important Bufinefs. This Bufinefs was
to inform him 5 i{ That he knew Signor Fahoni very well, as being
*' his Countryman > and that, inftead of 6000 Ducats, he could very
c eafily pay him four times as many. " All the Anfwer he got was *
" My Word is my Word. " Nor was he ever known to be much
worfe than his Promife. He had a Genouefe Pried, named F. Angelo,
who was extremely beloved by all Sorts and Conditions of People at
Algiers, as being a Perfon of exemplary Life, very charitable to all with-
out Exception, and otherways well-difpofed. His Patron fent for him
one Day into his Apartment, and faid j <c Padre Angelo : I have heard,
" that you are a virtuous and learned Man, and that you are able to
<c refolve any Queftion put to you : You muft now give me Satif-
<c fattion in one thing I am about to afk. " The good Father, mak-
ing certain requifite Apologies, as his being his Excellency's Slave,
and confequently bound to obey, and the like, the General charged
him to fpeak out his Mind, without Referve, fince he was freely at
Liberty to fay as he pleafed. " Pray, continued he, What will be-
* come of me? Tell me at lead your Opinion. " cc Relying on your
iC Excellency's Promife, returned F. Angelo, I will frankly tell you
" what I think of you. I am abfolutely perfuaded, that the Devil
c will have you. " " Pray, faid the General , Why think you fo,
*< Padre ?" ' In the firft Place, replied F. Angelo, you are a Perfon
<c of no Religion, and all your Thoughts are bent on the robbing and
e < ruining of the Chriftians. Next, you never do any Works of Pi- .
'< ety, much lefs any of Mercy 3 you live as if there was no juft
* c GoDi nay, you laugh at the Al-Coran, and at whatever it com-
** mands the Muffulmans to doj you never go into any Mofque^ nor
cC do you ever fay your Prayers. " And thus the pious Father ran
on a confiderable while, painting out his Patron, juft as he pleafed,
who gave him a very patient hearing. When he had done, Ali Pi-
chinin faid to him, fmilingj c Well but, Papafs 5 When do you think
" the Devil will really have me ? " u When you die, faid the good
" Man, that is, when your Soul (hall quit that miferable Body."
*' As for my Death, faid the General, it may yet be a great Way ofFj
l( and, therefore, as long as I do live, I (hail endeavour to enjoy my
" (elf as much as poflible : And when I am once defunft, let the Devil
u _ do with me juft what bethinks proper." SoF. Angelo was difmifled.

I have

Ihe History a/Algiers. 679

I have often heard fay at Algiers, that Alt Pichinin had the befi: Hand
in the World at curing the Pox 5 and D'Aranda gives the following In-
ftance. One Juan Metoza, a Spaniard, a Rower in his own Galley, be-
ing in a Manner quite difabled in his Limbs by that Diftemper, when fome
of theGallies were preparing for Sea, accoftedhis Patron, intreating he
might be excufed from making the Voyage, as being utterly incapable o*
doing him the leaft Service. " Why, what ails you"? faid the Gene-
ral. Having frankly told him the Cafe : tC Pi/b ! replied he, Smiling ;
" Go get you aboard the Galley : It will contribute much more towards
M the Recovery of your Health, than if you were put into the Sweat-
" ing-Tub in Spain, or were to undergo the other Tortures ncceflary
" for the Cure of your Difeafe." As there was no Appeal, the Frenchified
Spaniard repaired aboard his Patron- Doctor's Galley, was chained to an
Oar like the reft, and, with, the Affiftance of a Bull's Pizzle, kept dole
to his ufual Exercife. His conftant Commons was dry Rufk, and his
Liquor Element. " At the End of forty Days, fays M. D'Aranda in
" exprefs Terms (I was an Eye-Witnefs of it) Metoza was abfolutely
** cured. The Reafon is, continues he, that, thro' extraordinary Pains-
* 6 taking, he had fweated extremely, and had withal fed on dry Meat.
" If any are troubled with the Pox, and unwilling to venture on thofe
* c chargeable and dangerous Cures now practifed, they may make Ufe of
" the aforefaid Remedy, which will prove fo effectual, that, after Trial
" made of it, they may give it their Probation eft. " Tho* the fol-
lowing Story is common enough, yet as, we may fuppofe, it is not uni-
verfally known, and as it evidently {hews the Humour, Genius, Difpofi-
tion and indifferent Sentiments of Bigotry of this remarkable Corfair, it

may very well be here inferted. Being on the Cruife, he put into forae

Part of the Tremizanian Coaft, for a Supply of Water. As the Place
where he landed was not far from Oran (then belonging to the Spaniards) the
100 Slaves he put afhore to fill the Barrels were chained five and five, to
prevent their attempting an Efcape thither. Mean while the General and
his Officers recreated themfelves in walking along the Sea-Side. There a
neighbouring Sbiekh, a very devout MuJJ'ulman, made him a Vifu> at-
tended by many Domeftics and others, loaded with Refrefliments. Enter-
ing into Difcourfe, this Zealot complained to Ait Pichinin of his great
Unhappinefs in one, and only one Particular. The General defired to
know what that was which fluck fo clofe to him, fince in every other
1 Refpect

C8o The History of A lgiers^

Rcfped he acknowledged himfelf completely happy. c< It is, returned
a the devout Moor, that I am not fo great a Favourite of our Prophet as
< your felf. " The General, who dearly lc.ved fuch Sort of Game,
looked wonderouily grave and ferious, asking him ; u Wherein he found
" him to be fo much more the Prophet's Favourite than himfelf? " " Ah !
*' faid he} your Sabre is daily facrificing Chriftians, than which no Sacri-
" fice is fo acceptable to our Beatified Mohammad j whereas the utmoft
" Service I have had in my Power to render him, has been in killing now
" and then a wild Boar j which is, indeed, fome fmall Service, tho' in
" no wife comparable to yours. Now, I ihould be eternally indebted to
" your Excellency, if you would be fo kind as to fuffer me to kill one of
" your Chriftian Slaves, and I fhould then count my felf truly happy. "
" Well, faid the General, to oblige you I will grant your Requeft : Go
4c behind yon Hillock, and I will fend you one immediately. But what
* s Sort of Chriftian is it you moft defire to Sacrifice ? " M A Spaniard)
li by all Means, Sir, if you pleafe, faid the Moor -, that Nation being our
" Holy Prophet's moft inveterate Enemies. " Away he hurried, full of
Joy that he was fo near meriting Paradife, and the Corfair having caufed his
Favourite Efpalder, or Head Rower, who was a Spaniard, to be unchain-
ed, he armed him at all Points, and fent him to be Sacrificed ; but ffri&ly
charged him not to hurt but only frighten the pious Sacrifices who was
preparing himfelf for the meritorious Deed by fervent Prayer. But be-
holding his deitined Victim approach him with a menacing Gefture and
AfpecTr, with Terror in his Countenance, he hafted away to the General,
-the Spaniard purfuing him clofe at the Heels. " This Chriftian, Sir, faid
" he, looks rather as if he wanted to kill me than to be killed himfelf. "
The Corfair, laughing heartily at the baffled Zealot, faid to him; " So it
" is, you Cuckold, that you are to merit the Prophet's Favour, as I do j
" for it is thus that Chriftians are to be Sacrificed. Mahomet was a brave,
<c generous Man, and never thought it any Service done him to (laughter
" thofe who were not able to defend themfelves. Go get your felf bet-

" ter inftiucTred in the Senfe and Meaning of the Al-Coran." Thus

they ftill tell this Paflage at Algiers. But to have done with this Egyp-
tian Task*

The End pftheSECONT> VOL UME.

ARTICLES of PEACE and COMMERCE,

between the moft Serene and Mighty Prince, Charles II.
by the Grace, &c. and the moft Illuftrious Lords,
the Bafha, Dey, and Aga, Governors of the Famous
City and Kingdom of Algiers in Barbary : Concluded
by Arthur Herbert Efq$ Admiral of his Majefty's

Fleet in the Mediterranean, April 10. O. S. 1682.

With the few Alterations made and included at the
Renewal thereof, in 1686 : All which are, for Diftinc-
tion, in a different Character.

N the fir ft Place it is Agreed and Concluded, 'that from this
Day, and for ever forwards, there be a true, firm and in"
violable Peace between the mofl Serene King of Great Britain^
France and Ireland, Defender of the Chriftian Faith, &c.
and the moft Illuftrious Lords, the Bafha, Dey, and Aga>
Governors of the City and Kingdom of Algiers, and between all the Domini'
ons and Subjecls of either Side; and that the Ships y or other Vejfds, and the
Subjefts and People of both Sides ftoall not henceforth do to each other any
Harm, Offence, or Injury, either in Word or Deed, but Jhall treat one an-
other with allpoftible Refpetl and Friendjhip. And that all Demands and
Pretentions whatfoever, to this Day, between both Parties, fhall ceafe
and be void.

A a a a a

II. that

ARTICLES, &c. with ALGIERS.

II.

That any of the Ships , or other Vejfels, belonging to the /aid King of Great
Britain, &c. or to any of his Majefltfs Subjects, may fafely come to the
Port of Algiers, or to any other Port or Place of that Kingdom, there freely
to Buy and Sell, paying the ufual Cuftoms of Ten per Cent, as in former
Times, for fucb Goods as they Sell; and the Goods they Sell not, they Jhall
freely carry on Board without paying any Duties for the fame : And that
they Jhall freely depart from thence* wbenfoever they pleafe, without any Stop
or Hindrance wbatfoever* As to Contraband Mercbandifes, as Powder,
Brim/lone, Iron, Planks, and all Sorts of Timber fit for building of Ships >
Hopes, Pitch, Tar, Fujils, and other Habiliments of War, his /aid Ma-
jeflfs Subjects Jhall pay no Duty for the fame to thofe of Algiers.

III.

That all Ships, and other Vejfels, as well thofe belonging to the faid King
of Great Britain, or to any of his Majefty's Subjects, as thofe belonging to
the Kingdom or People of Algiers, Jb all freely pafs the Seas, and traffic ;
without any Search, Hindrance, or Moleftation from each other j and that
all Perfons,. or Paffengers, of what Country foever, and all Monies, Goods,
Mercbandifes and Moveables, to wbatfoever People or Nation belonging, be-
ing on Board any of the faid Ships, or Vejfels, Jhall be wholly free, and jhall
not be flopped, taken, or plundered, nor receive any Harm or Damage wbat-
foever from either Party*

IV.

That the Algiers Ships of War, or other Vejfels, meeting with any Mer-
ebant Ships, or other Vejfels, of bis faid Majefiy's Subjects, not being in any
of the Seas appertaining to bis Majeftfs Dominions, may fend on Board one
Jingle Boat with two Sitters only, bejides the ordinary Crew of Rowers ; and
that no more Jhall enter any fucb Merchant Ship, or Veffel, without exprefs
Leave from the Commander thereof, but the two Sitters alone; and, upon
producing a Pafs under the Hand and Seal of the Lord High Admiral of
England and Ireland, or of the Lord High Admiral of Scotland, for the
faid Kingdoms reflectively, or under the Hands and Seals of the Commijfioners
for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of any of the faid King-
doms,

ARTICLES, &e\ with ALGIERS.

doms, that the faid Boat Jhall proceed freely on her Voyage ; and that alt hi*
for the Space of fifteen Months next enfuing after the Conclufion of this Peace,
the f aid Commander of the Merchant Ship, or Vejfel, produces no fuch Pafs^
yet if the major Part of the Seamen of the faid Ship, or Vejfel, he Subjects
of the faid King of Great Britain, the faid Boat Jhall immediately depart,
and the faid Merchant Ship, or Vejfel, Jhall freely proceed on her Voyage ;
hut, that after the faid fifteen Months, all Merchant Ships, or Veffels, of
his faid Majefty's Subjects Jhall be obliged to produce fuch a Pafs as afore-
faid. And any of the Ships of War of his faid Majefty, meeting with any
Ships, or other Vejfels of Algiers, ;/ the Commander of any fuch Ship, or
Vejfel, Jhall produce a Pafs firmed by the chief Governors of Algiers, and *
Certificate from the Englifli Conful there refiding, or if they have no fuch
Pafs, or Certificate, yet if, for the Space of fifteen Months next enfuing the
Conclufion of this Peace, the major Part of the Ships Company be Turks,
Moors, or Slaves belonging to Algiers, then the faid Algiers Ship, or Vejfel,
Jhall proceed freely j but that after the faid fifteen Months, all Algiers Ships,
or Vejfels, Jhall be obliged to produce fuch a Pafs and Certificate as afore-
faid,
allowed for

'That no Commander, or other Perfon, of any Shipt or Vejfel, of Algiers
Jhall take out of any Ship, or Vejfel, of his faid Majejtfs Subjects, any
Perfon, or Perfons, whatfoever, to carry them any where to be examined, or
upon any other Pre e nee j nor Jhall they ufe any Torture, or Violence, to any
Perfon of what Nation, or Quality foever, being on Board any Ship, tir
Vejfel, of his faid Majefty' s Subjects, upon any Pretence whatfoever.

VI.

That no Shipwreck, belonging to the faid King of Great Britain, or t
any of bis Subjebls, upon any Part of the Coajl belonging to Algiers, JJjall
be made, or become, Prize j and that neither the Goods thereof Jhall befeized,
nor the Men made Slaves ; but that all the Subjects of Algiers (hall ufe their
left Endeavours to fave the faid Meri and their Goods.

VII.

That no Ship, or any other Vejfel, of Algiers, Jhall have PermiJJion to be
delivered up, or go, to Sallee, or any Place in Enmity with the faid King of

A a a a a i Great

The only Alteration in this regards the ^fifteen Months Term
for Pafles, &c.

ARTICLES, &e. with ALGIERS.

Great Britain, to be made Ufe of as Corfairs, or Sea-Rovers, againft bis
fata" Majejifs Subjects.

VIII.

That twne of the Ships, or other [mailer Vejfels, of Algiers, Jhall remain
Cruifmg near, or in Sight of, his Majejifs City and Garrifon of Tangier, $r
of any other bis Majejifs Roads, Havens, Ports, Towns and Places, nor any
way difiurb the Peace and Commerce of the fame. Tangier now omitted.

IX.

That if any Ship, or Veffel, of Tunis, Tripoly, or Sallee, or of any other
Place, bring any Ships, Veffels, Men, or Goods belonging to any of bis J aid
Majejifs SubjeSts to Algiers, or to any Port, or Place, in that Kingdom,
the Governors there Jhall not permit them to be fold within the Territories of
Algiers.

That if any of the Ships of War of the [aid King of Great Britain do
come to Algiers, or to any other Port, or Place, of that Kingdom, with
any Prize, they may freely fell it, or otberwife difpofe of it, at Pleafure,
without being moiefied by any : And that bis Majejifs [aid Ships of War
Jhall not be obliged to pay Cufioms in any Sort; and that if they Jhall want
Provifons, Victuals, or any other Things, they may freely buy them at the
Rates in the Market.

XI.

That when any of bis faid Majejifs Ships of War Jhall appear before
Algiers, upon Notice thereof given by the Engliih Conful 3 or by the Com-
mander of the faid Ships , to the chief Governors of Algiers, public Procla-
mation Jhall be immediately made to fecure the Chriftian Captives : And if,
after that, any Chriftians whatfoever make their Efcape on Board any of the
faid Ships of War, they Jhall not be required, nor Jhall the faid Conful, or
Commander, or any other of his. Majejifs Subjects, be obliged to pay any thing
for the faid Chriftians. All this of late little regarded. Look back

to P. fio.

XII. That

ARTICLES, &c. with ALGIERS.

XII.

That from, and after the Time that the Ratification of this Treaty ', by the
King of Great Britain, Jhall be delivered to the chief Governors of Algiers,
no Subjetls of his faid Majefty Jhall be bought or fold, or made Slaves in any
Part of the Kingdom of Algiers, upon any Pretence whatfoever. And the
faid King of Great Britain Jhall not be obliged, by vertue of this Treaty of
Peace, to redeem any of his Subjetls now in Slavery, or who may be made
Slaves before the faid Ratification 5 but it Jhall depend abfolutely upon his
Majefty, or the Friends and Relations of the faid Perfons in Slavery, with'
out any Limitation, or Reftritlion of Time, to redeem fuch, or fo many of
them, from Time to Time, as Jhall be thought fit, agreeing for as reafonable
a Price as may be, with their Patrws, or Mafters, for their Redemption ,
'without obliging the faid Patrons, or Mafters, again ft their Wills, to fet any
at Liberty, whether they be Slaves belonging to the Beylic {or Public) the
Gallies, or fuch as belong particularly to the Bafha, Dey, Aga, or any other
Perfons whatfoever. And all Slaves, being his Majefifs Subjetls, /hall,
when they are redeemed, enjoy the Abatements of the Duty due to the Royal
Houfe, and of the other Charges, by paying fuch reafonable Sums as any
Slaves of other Nations ufually pay when they are redeemed.

XIII.

That if any Subjetl of the faid King of Great Britain happens to die in
Algiers, or in any Part of its Territories, his Goods, or Monies, Jhall not be
feized by the Governors, Judges, or othsr Officers of Algiers 5 who, likewije,
Jhall not make any Inquiry after them : But the faid Goods, or Monies, pall
be received and pojfejfed by fuch Perfon, or Perfons, whom the Deceafed Jhall,
by his laft Will, have made his Heir, or Heirs, in cafe they be upon the
Place where the Teftator deceafed. But if the Heirs be not 'there, then the
Executors of the faid Will, lawfully conftituted by the Deceafed, Jhall,
sfter having made an Inventory of all the Goods and Monies left, take them
into their Cufiody without any Hindrance, and JJjall take Care the fame %e
remitted, byfomefafe Way, to the true and lawful Heirs ; and in cafe any of
his faid Majefty" s Subjetls happen to die, not having made any Will, the En-
glifti Conful Jhall pojfefs himfelf of his Goods and Monies, upon Inventory,
for the Ufe of the Kindred and Heirs of the Deceafed.

XIV. That

ARTICLES, <r.wkh ALGIERS,

XIV.

.That no Merchants, being his Majefty's Subjecls 9 and refidingin or trading
to the City and Kingdom of Algiers, Jhall be obliged to buy any Mercbandifes
againfi their Wills ; but it Jhall be free for them to buy fucb Commodities as
ihey Jhall think Jit: And no Captain, or Commander, of any Ship, or Veffel,
belonging to his faid Majeftfs Subjects, Jhall be obliged, againjl bis Will, to
lade any Goods to carry them, or make a Voyage to any Place whither he
/ball not have a Mind to go. And neither the Englifli Conful, nor any other
Subjecl of the faid King, Jhall be bound to pay the Debts of any other of his
Majeftfs Subjects, except that he, or they, become Sureties for the fame, by
a public Atl,

XV.

That the Subjecl s of his faid Majefty in Algiers, or its Territories, in
Matter of Controverfy, jhall be liable to no other Jurifdiclion but that of the
Dey, or the Diwan, except they happen to be at Difference between them-
dives, in which Cafe they Jhall be liable to no other Determination but that
pf the Conful only.

XVI.

That in cafe any Subjecl of bis faid Majefly, being in any Part of the
-Kingdom of Algiers, happens to ftrike, wound, or kill a Turk, or a Moor,
4f he be taken, he is to be punijhed in the fame Manner, and with no greater
Severity than a Turk ought to be, being guilty of the fame Offence 5 but if be
efcape, neither the faid Englifh Conful, nor any other of his faid Majejlfs
Subjects, Jhall be in any Sort quejtioned and troubled therefore.

XVII.

That tbe Englifli Conful now, or at any Time hereafter, refiding at Al-
giers, Jhall be there, at all Times, with intire Freedom and Safety of bis
Perfon and Ejlate, and Jhall be permitted to chufe his own Terjiman (Inter-
preter) and Broker, and freely to go on Board any Ships in the Road, as often
and when be pleafes, and to have the Liberty of the Country ; and that he
Jhall be allowed a Place to pray in, and that no Man Jhall do him any Injury,
jnWord or Deed.

> XVIII.

ARTICLES, &e. with ALGIERS.
XVIII.

That not only during the Continuance of this Peace and Friendfhip, but,
likewife, if any Breach or War happens, hereafter, to be between the faid
King of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Algiers, the faid Englifh Con-
ful, and all others his /aid Majefty* s Subjecls, inhabiting in the Kingdom of
Algiers, Jha 11', always and at all Times, both of Peace and War, have full
and abfolute Liberty to depart and go to their own, or any other Country,
upon any Ship, or Veffel, of what Nation foever, they Jhall think fit, and
to carry with them all their Eftates y Goods, Families and Servants, without
any Interruption, or Hindrance.

XIX.

That no SubjecJ of his faid Majefty, being a Paffenger, and coming or
going with his Baggage, from or to any Port, Jhall be any way moiefled,
or meddled with, altho' he be on Board any Ship, or Veffel in Enmity with
Algiers : And in like Manner, no Algerine Paffenger, being on Board any
Ship or Veffel in Enmity with the faid King of Great Britain, Jhall be
any way moiefled, whether in his Per [on, or in his Goods, whkh be may
have laden on Board 'the faid Ship- or Veffel.

XX.

That at all Times, when any Ship of War, of the King of Great Bri-
tain*/, carrying bis faid Majefty *s Flag at the Main-Top- Maft- Head, /hall
appear before Algiers, and come to an Anchor in the Road, immediately upon
Notice thereof given, by his faid Majefty* s Conful, or fome Officer from the
Ship, to the Dey and Regency of Algiers, they Jhall, in Honour to his
Majefty, caufe a Salute of twenty one Cannon to befhot off, from the Caftles
and Forts of the City, and that the faid Ship Jhall return an Anfwer by
fhooting off the fame Number of Cannon.

XXI.

That prefently after the Signing and Sealing ofthefe Articles, by the Bafha,.
Dey, Aga and Chiefs of Algiers, all Injuries and Damages, fuftained
on either. Part, Jhall be quite taken away and forgotten, and this Pesue Jhall
be in full. Force and Virtue, and continue for ever : And for all Depredations
and Damages, that ftjall be afterwards committed, or. dme, by either Side,

I befote-

A RTf CLES, &c. with ALGIERS.

before Notice can be given of this Peace, full Satisfaction fball immediately
be made ; and whatfoever remains in Kind fhall be inflantly reflored.

xxir.

That in cafe it Jhall happen, hereafter, that any thing is dene, or commit-
ted contrary to this treaty, whether by the Subjects of the one or the other
Party, the Treaty, notwithftanding, fhall fubji ft in full Force*, and futh Con-
traventions JJiall not occafton the Breach of this Peace, Friend/hip and good
Correfpondence -, but the Party injured fhall, amicably, demand immediate Sa~
tisfablion for the faid Contraventions, before it be lawful to break, the Peaces
And if the Fault was committed by any private Subjects of either Party,
they alone Jhall be punijhed, as Breakers of the Peace and Difiurbers of the

public Quiet. And our Faith Jhall be our Faith,, and our IVord our Word,

Confirmed- and Sealed, in the Prefence oF Almighty God, April ro.
of Jesus 1682. of the Hejira iopj. Abrir ttl

This is the Treaty .which remains flill in Force, and has been ever
fince referred to when any Renewals, with additional Articles have been
made by our fucceeding Sovereigns. It was (mutatis mutandis) renewed
and confirmed, April f, 1686. by Sir William Soame, Bart, in his Way
to Conjiantinople, whither he was going EmbafTador Extraordinary, from
King James II. to the Grand Signor, with fcarce any Alterations, excep t
Literals, and what has beenobferved. In 1691. Thomas Baker Efqj fenc
for by Shaaban Hojia, then Dey of Algiers, renewed and confirmed the
feme, without Alteration or Addition 5 fo that I find not that Renewal any
where in Print.

In 1700. Captain Munden, jointly with Robert Cole Efqj then Conful
for our Nation at Algiers, renewed and confirmed the fame, with the
following additional Articles, viz.

We the mo ft Excellent and tnoft IlJuftrious Lords, Muftafa Dey, AliBafha,

and Muftafa Aga, Governors of the tnoft Famous and Warlike City and

Kingdom of Algiers, do, by tbefe Prefents, renew and confirm the Peace We

fo happily wjoy with William, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland,

1 Defender

ARTICLES, &t. with ALGIERS.

Defender of the Chriftian Faith, and his Subjecls, made in the Tear of Jefus
16 8 z. (of the Hejira top 3. and renewed four Tears after) in every Part
and, Article, more particularly that of the eighth, wherein it is expreffed^
That no Ship, or Veffel, belonging to our Government of Algiers, fhall Cruife
near, or in Sight of, any of the Roads, Havens, or Ports, Towns, or Places
belonging to the J aid King of Great Britain, or any way difturb the Peace
and Commerce of the fame : And in Compliance with the [aid eighth Article
of that Treaty, we do fmcerely promife and declare^ that fuch Orders fiall
for the future be given to all our Commanders, that, under a fevere Penalty ,
and our utmoft Difpleafure, they ft all not ente'r into the Channel of England?
nor come, or cruife in Sight of any Part of his Majefty of Great Britain**
Dominions any more for the Time to come.

II.

That whereas it had been declared. That all Ships and Veffeh belonging to the
Subjecls of thefaid King of Great Britain, ft >ould have Pajfes, 13 c- by the laft
Day of Sept. in this prejent Tear of Jefus 1700. IVe do by thefe declare, at the
Defire of Captain John Munden, Commander in Chief of his f aid Majefty 1 s
Ships in the Mediterranean, and Robert Cole Efq; his Majefifs Conful,
now rejiding at our City of Algiers, on Behalf of their Great Majler, that
no Paffes jhall be required or expelled from any of the Englifh Ships, or
Veffels, in any Part of the JVorld, but that they ftjall proceed on their Voy-
age, without producing, or Jhewing a Pafs to any of our Cruifers till the laft
0/ September 1701. And after that Time is expired, and 'any Ship of
England be feized, not having a Pafs, we do hereby declare, that the Goods
in that Ship ft.all be Prize, but the Mafter, Men and Ship Jhall be reftored,
and the Freight immediately paid to thefaid Mafter, to the utmoft Value as
heftould have, had if be had gone fafe to the Port whither he was bound.

III.

That whereas Captain John Munden has given us good Affurance, that he
had a great Affront, fome Tears paft, from feme of our rude Sailors at our
Mole, we do hereby promife, that, at all Times-, whenever any of the King
of Great Britain'* Ships of JVar Jhall come to this Place, Order (Jo all be im-
mediately given to an Off car of the Government, who Jhall attend at the Mole
all the Day Time, during their Stay here, to prevent any fuch Diforder for

Bbbbb the

ARTICLES, &c. with ALGIERS.

the future, that no Mifunderflandivg may happen between us : And in any
fucb Cafe, the Officer at the Mole pall fecure the Perfon, or Perfons fo of-
fending, who foall be punijbed with the utmoft Severity, By the Help
of God, and if he pleafc, thefe Articles, now made between us, fhall be
maintained. To the Truth whereof, we have hereunto let our Hands
and Seals. Algiers, in the Year of the Hejira nil. which is in the Chr'r
flian Account Augufi 2,0. 1700.

In 1703. Admiral Byng, now L. V. Torrington, renewing the Peace for
Queen Ann with the fame Muftafa Dey, inierted the two new Articles,
which are as follow 5 the preliminary one being only a Confirmation of the
foregoing : For which Reafon it is omitted.

That whereas, by the faid Articles of Peace, made and concluded by Admi-
ral Herbert, in 1681. it was agreed, that the Subjecls of England Jhould
fay Ten per Cent. Cujlom, for the Goods they Jhould fell at Algiers, or in
the Dominions thereof, now, for the better fettling and maintaining a good
Commerce between the Subjects of England and tbofe of Algiers, it is agreed
and declared, that, from henceforward*, the Englifh ./&*// fay but Five per
Cent. Cuftom j and that Contraband Goods, as is declared before^ fhall not

pay any Cuftom*

\ .

II.

And it is farther agreed and declared, that all Prizes taken by any one of
the Subjecls of the faid >ueen of Great Britain, and all Ships and Veffels,
built and fitted out in any of her Majeflfs Plantations in America, that have
not been in England, fhall not be molefted in cafe of their not having Paffes :
But that a Certificate in Writing, under the Hands of the commanding Offi-
cers who fhall take any Prizes, and a Certificate under the Hands of the
Governors, or Chiefs of fnch American Colonies, or Places where fucb Ships
were built, or fitted out, fhall be fufficient Paffes for either of them. And

our Faitbjhall be our Faith, and our Word our Word.

Algiers. Confirmed and Sealed, in the Prefence of Almighty God,
October i8.in the Year of Jefus, 1703. of the Hejira 1 1 if.

The

ARTICLES, &c "with ALGIERS.

The laft Renewal was in the Reign of his late Majefty King George I.
when in 171& Admiral Baker had Orders to vifit Tripoly, Tunis and Al-
giers. With the two firft, as will appear in the enfuing Pages, he con-
firmed our former Treaties in Perfon, but to Algiers he deputed the Argyle
and Chefter, two of his Majefty's Ships, to whofe Commanders Captain
Conittgsby Norbury, and Captain Nicholas Eaton, in Conjunction with Mfc.
Thomas Thomfon, then acting as Conful, in the Abfence of his Brother
Samuel Thomfon Efq> he gave a full Power to ratify and confirm all the
above Treaties, with thefe following new 'Articles. After the Pre-
amble, necdlefs to be repeated, the firft Article concludes thus.

If any Demands, or Pretenjions Jball be now left depending, between the
SubjeclSy or others, of either Party, they Jhall be amicably redrejfed, and
full Satisf atlion fjjall be made to each ether, according to the Truth and Ju-
ftice of their Claim : Nor fiall any of the fame be camelled, or made void,
by this Treaty.

II.

That as the I/land of Minorca, in the Mediterranean Sea, and the City
of Gibraltar, in Spain, have been yielded and annexed to the Crown of Great
Britain, as well by the King of Spain, as by the fever al Powers of Europe
engaged in the late War, it is now hereby agreed, and fully concluded, that,
from this Time forwards for ever, the [aid IJland of Minorca and City of
Gibraltar Jhall be efieemed, in every Refpetl, by the Government and People
of Algiers, to be Part of his Britannic Majefty's Dominions, and the Inha-
bitants thereof to be looked upon as bis Majefty's Natural Subjetls, in the fame
Manner as if they bad been born in any other Part of the Britifh Territories-
And they with their Ships and Vefjeh, wearing Britifli Colours, and being
furnifhed with proper Paffes, Jhall be permitted freely to trade and traffic in
any Part of the Dominions of Algiers, and Jhall pafs without any Mvlefta-
tion whatfoever, and Jball have the fame Liberties and Privileges that arc
ftipulated in this, and have been made in any other Treaties in Behalf of the
Britiih Nation and Subjetls j and therefore none of the Cruifers of Algiers
Jhall, at any Time, cruife within Sight of the faid /Jlaiid of Minorca and
City of Gibraltar.

B b b b b 2 HI. That

ARTICLES, &c. with ALGIERS.

III.

tfhat if an Englifh Ship /ball receive on board any Pajfengers and Goods
belonging to the Kingdom of Algiers, the Englifh Jhall defend the /aid Al-
gerines and their Goods fofar as lies in their Power , and not deliver them to
their Enemies. And the better to prevent any unjuft Demands being made upon
the Crown of Great Britain, and to avoid Difputes and Differences that
may arife, all Goods and Merchandifes that Jhall, from henceforwards, be
Jbipped, by the SubjecJs of Algiers, on Board the Ships, or VeJfeU, of Bri-
tifh SubjecJs, upon Freight, Jhall fa firfi regtftered in the Office of Cancel-
leria, before the Britifh Conful rejiding in the Port where they are fo Jhipped 9
and the Quantity, Quality and Value thereof jhall be expreffed, and the
Conful is to manifeft the fame, in the Clearance given to the Ship, or Vejfel^
before it fhall depart, to the End, that if any Caufe of Complaint Jhould
happen hereafter, there may be no greater Claim made on the Britifh Nation^
than what, by this Method, may be proved juft and equitable.

IV.

That if any of the Algerine Cruifers Jhall meet with Britifh Ships pro-
tided with Scollop Pajfes, of either Ships or Satias, that fhall fit with
thofe delivered to them by the Britifh Conful, they Jhall pafs free and un-
molefled.- Algiers, Oclober 19. 171 6*.

To oblige the Curious, here follow our prefent fubfifting Articles, &c. with the
States of Tunis and Tripoly ; tho' not fo immediately our Subjed. This we the
rather do becaufe the Generality of Mankind here feem unaccountably ignorant of
all thefe Matters. Some may, perhaps, (tart the Queftion ; "Why, now our Hands
" are in have we not thofe with the Tingitanians ? " " Why, truly, thofe

" Princes fo feldom regard their Articles, more particularly thofe concluded with
u Cbrijiians, that as they are never to be depended on, the Agreements made with
" them can fcarce be worth Mention. " This by way of Reply, in cafe fuch In-
terrogations (hould occur.

ARTICLES, drr.with TUNIS,

ARTICLES of PEACE and COMMERCE,

between the moft Sacred Majefty George, by the Grace,
&c. and the moft Excellent Lords, All Bqjha -, Haf-
^> fain Ben Alt, Bey ; Car a Muflafa, Dey 5 the Aga, and
the Diwan of the moft Noble City of Tunis, and the
whole Body of the Militia of the faid Kingdom :
Renewed and Concluded, A. D. 17 id. by John Baker,
Efcjj Vice- Admiral, &fc.

THAT all former Grievances and Lojfes, and other Pretenjions be*
tween both Parties 'Jhall be void and of no Effect j and from hence*
forward^ a firm Peace for ever, free Trade and Commerce Jhall be and con-
tinue, between the Subjects of his moft facred Majefty, George, King of
Great Britain, &V. and the People of the Kingdom of Tunis, and the Do-
minions thereunto belonging. But that this Article Jhall not cancel or mak e
void any juft Debt, either in Commerce or otherwife, that may be due from
my Perfon or Perfons to others of either Party 5 but that the fame Jhall U
liable to be demanded and be recoverable as before.

II.

That the Ships of either Party Jhall have free Liberty to enter into any
Port, or River, belonging to the Dominions of either Party, paying the
Duties only for what they Jhall Sell, tranfporting the reft without any Trouble
or Moleftation, and freely enjoy any other Privileges accujlomed : And the late
Exablion that has been upon the lading and unlading of Goods at Goletta
and the Marine, Jhall be reduced to the ancient Cuftoms in thofe Cafes.

III. That

ARTICLES, &c. with TUNIS.
III.

That there flail not be any Seizure of any Ships of either Party, at Sea
or in Port, but that they Jhall quietly pafs without any Molejlation, or In-
terruption, they difplaying their Colours : And for Prevention of all Inconve-
niencies that may happen, the Ships of Tunis are to have a Certificate under
Hand and Seal of the Britifli Conful, that they belong to Tunis j which be-
ing produced, the Englifh Ship fh all admit two Men to come on board them
peaceably, to fat is fy themfelves they are Englifli ; and altho 1 they have Paf-
fengers of other Nations on board, they Jhall be free, both they and their
Effects.

IV.

That if an Englifli Ship pall receive on board any Goods, or Pajfengers,
belonging to the Kingdom of Tunis, they fhall be bound to defend them and
their Goods, fo far as lies in their Power, and not deliver them unto their
Enemies j and the better to prevent any unjuft Demands being made upon thg
Crown of Great Britain, and to avoid Difputes and Differences which may
arife, all Goods and Merchandifes that Jhall, from henceforward, be Jhipped
by the Subjects of this Government^ either in this Port or any other what-
Jbever, on board the Ships, or Vejfels, belonging to Great Britain, Jhall be
firft entered in the Office of Cancellaria, before the Britifli Conful refiding at
the refpeclive Port, expreffing the Quantity, Quality, and Value of the Goods
fo Jhipped', which the faid Conful is to certify in the Clearance given to the
/aid Ship or Fejfel before fhe departs, to the End that if any Caufe of Com-
plaint fhould happen hereafter, there may be no gr safer Claim made on the
Britifli Nation than by this Method Jhall be proved to bejuft and equitable,

That if any of the Ships of either Party Jhall, by Accident of foul Wea-
ther, or otherwife, be cajl away upon any Coafl belonging to either Party,
the Perfons Jhall be free, and the Goods faved and delivered to their lawful

Proprietors.

VI.

That the Englifli which do at prefent, or fhall at any time hereafter inhabit
in the City, or Kingdom of 1 'unis, fhall have free Liberty, when they pleafe,
to Tranfport themfelves with their Families and Children, tho> born in the
Country. z VII.

ARTICLES, &c. with TUNIS.

VII.

That the People belonging to the Dominions of either Party, flail not be
abufed with ill Language, or otherwife ill-treated; but that the Parties, ft
offending, Jhall be punijhed feverely according to their Deferts.

VIII.

That the Conful, or any other of the Englifh Nation, refiding in Tunis,
Jhall not be forced to make their Addreffes, in any Difference, unto any Court
of Jujlice, but to the Bey himfelf, from whom only they jhall receive Judg-
ment 5 this in cafe the Difference Jhould happen between a Subject of Great
Britain, and another of this Government, or any other Foreign Nation : But
if it Jhould be between any two of his Britannic Majeflfs Subjects, then it is
to be decided by the Britifh Conful only*

IX.

That the Conful, or any other of the Englifh Nation flail not be liable t9
pay the Debts of any particular Perfon of the Nation, unlefs obliged thereunto
under his Hand.

That as the IJland of Minorca in the Mediterranean Sea, and the City of
Gibraltar in Spain, have been yielded and annexed to the Crown of Great
Britain, as well by the King of Spain, as by all the feveral Powers of Eu-
rope engaged in the late War, now it is hereby agreed and fully concluded^
that from this Time forward for ever, the f aid IJland of Minorca and City
of Gibraltar, flail be ejleemed in every refpect by the Government of Tunis,
to be Part of his Britannic Majefifs own Dominions, and the Inhabitants
thereof to be looked upon us his Majejly's Natural Subjects, in the fame Man'
ner as if they had been born in any Part of Great Britain j and they with
their Ships and Vejjfels wearing the Britifli Colours, flail be permitted freely
to trade and traffic in any Part of the Kingdom of Tunis, and Jhall pafs with-
out any Molejlation whatfoever, either on the Seas or elfewbere, in the fame
Manner, and with the fame Freedom and Privileges, as have been fipulated
in this and all former Treaties, in Behalf of the Britifh Nation and Subjects.

XI. Jnd

A& T ICL E S, &c. with T UN If.]
XL

And the better and more firmly to maintain the good Correfpondence and
Friendship, that hath been fo long and happily ejlablijhed, between the Crown
af Great Britain and the Government of Tunis, */ is hereby agreed and- con-
cluded, by the Parties beforementioned, that none of the Ships, or Veffels, be-
longing to Tunis, or the Dominions thereof, Jhall be permitted to Cruife, or
look for Prizes of any Nation whatfoever, before or in "Sight of the aforefaid
City of Gibraltar, or any of the Ports of the IJland of Minorca, to binder
4)r molejl any Veffels bringing Provifions and Refrefhments for his Britannic
Majefifs troops and Garrifons in thofe Places, or give any Difiurbance to the
'Trade, or Commerce thereof - y and if any Prize Jhall be taken by the Ships or
Veffels of Tunis, within the Space of ten Miles of the aforefaid Places, it
Jhall be^refiored without any Difpute.

XH.

That all the Ships of War belonging to either Party's Dominions, Jhall
have free Liberty to ufe each other's Ports, for wajhing, cleaning or repairing
any their Defefts, and to buy and to Jhip off any Sort of VicJuals, alive or
dead, or any other Necejfaries, at the Price the Natives buy at in the Mar-
ket, without paying Cujlom to any Officer : And whereas his Britannic Ma-
Jeffs Ships of War do frequently affemble and harbour in the Port 0/Mahon,
in the IJland of Minorca, ;/ at any Time they or bis Majefiy's Troops in Gar-
rifon there, Jbould be in Want of Provifions, and Jhould fend from thence to
purchafe Supplies in any Part of the Dominions belonging to Tunis, they Jhall
be permitted to buy Cattel, alive or dead, and all other Kind of Provijion at
the Prices they are fold at in the Market-, and fhallbefufferedto carry them off
without paying Duty to any Officer, in the fame Manner as if his Majeftfs
Ships were themfelves in the Port.

XIII.

That in cafe any Ships of War, belonging to the Kingdom of Tunis, Jhall
take in any of their Enemies Ships, any Englifhmcn, ferving for Wages y
they are to be made Slaves ; but if Merchants, or Pajfengers, they are to en.
joy their Liberty and Effecls, unmolefted.

XIV.
That in cafe any Slave in the Kingdom of Tunis, of any Nation what-
foever, Jhall make his Efcape, and get on board any Ship belonging to the

* Dominions

ARTICLE S, &c.mth TUNIS.

Dominions of his /acred Majefiy the King of Great Britain, t$c. the Conful
Jhall not be liable to pay the Ranfom, unlefs timely Notice be given him to or-
der that nonefuch be entertained 5 and then if it appears that any Slave has
fo got away, the/aid Conful is to pay to his Patron the Price for which he
was fold in the Market 5 and if no Price be fet > then to pay tfjree hundred

Dollars, and no more.

XV.

And the better to prevent any Difpute that may hereafter arife, between the
two Parties, about Salutes and public Ceremonies j it is hereby agreed and
concluded, that whenever any Flag-Officer of Great Britain fio all arrive in the
Bay of Tunis, in any of his Majefiy' s Ships of IVar, immediately upon No-
tice given thereof there Jhall be five and twenty Cannon fired from the C allies
of Goletta, or other the neareft Fortification belonging to Tunis, according to
Cufiom, as a Royal Salute to his Britannic Majefiy's Colours, and the fame
Number Jhall be returned in Anfwer thereto by his Majefiy' s Ships j and it is
hereby fiipulated and agreed, that all Ceremonies of Honour Jhall be allowed
to the Britifh Conful who rejides here, to reprefent in every Refpecl his Ma-
jejlfs Perfon, equal to any other Nation whatfoever, and no other Conful in
the Kingdom to be admitted before him in Precedency,

XVI.

That the Subjects of his facred Majefty of Great Britain, &c. either re-
fiding in or trading to the Dominions of Tunis, Jhall not, for the Time to
come, pay any more than three per Cent. Cufiom on the Value of Goods , or
Merchandife which they jhall either bring into, or carry out of this /aid King-
dom of Tunis.

// is moreover agreed, concluded and efiablijhed, that at whatfoever Time it
jhall plea fe the Government of Tunis to reduce the Cufioms of the French Na-
tion to lefs than they pay at prefent, it Jhall always be obferved that the Biitiili
Cufioms Jhall be two per Cent, lefs than any Agreement that fih all for the future
be made with thefaid French, or than Jhall be paid by the Subjects of France*

XVIII.

// is moreover agreed, concluded and efiablijhed, that in cafe any Britifh
Ship or Ships, or any of the Subjecls of his Majefiy of Great Britain, jhall
Import at the Port of Tunis, or any other Port of this Kingdom any warlike

C c c c c Stores 9

A R T I OL E S, fyc. with TUNIS.

Stores, as Cannons, Muskets, Piftols, Cannon-Powder or fine Powder, Bul-
lets, Afafts, Anchors, Cables, Pitch, tar, or the like 5 as alfo Proviftons,
viz. Wbeat, Barley, Beans, Oats, Oil, or the like ; for the /aid Kinds of
Mercbandife, they Jb all not pay any Sort of Duty or Cuflom whatever.

We the Parties beforementioned, having feenand perufed the preceding
Articles, do hereby approve, ratify, and confirm the feveral Particulars
therein mentioned 5 and they are to remain firm for ever, without any Al-
teration. In Teftimony of which we do hereunto fetour Hands and Seals
in the Prefence of Almighty God, in the noble City of Tunis, the thir-
tieth Day ofAuguft, Old Stile, and the Year of our Lord Jefus Chrijl, one
thoufand feven hundred and fixteen, being the twenty fixth Day of the
Moon Ramadam, and the Year of the Hejira one thoufand one hundred
and twenty eight.

(L. S.) J. B a k e r. (L. S.) (L. S.) (L. S.)

ARTICLES of PEACE and COMMERCE,
between his moft Sacred Majefty George, by the Grace,
fefc. and the moft Excellent Lords, Mahamet Bey;
TufoufDejy Shaaban Rats $ the Dtwan y and the reft
of the Officers and People of the City and Kingdom of
Tripoly : Renewed, Concluded and Ratified this ipeh
of July 17 16. by John Baker, Efq^ Vice- Admiral, &c.

N the firft Place, it is agreed and concluded, that from this Time forward
_ for ever, there fh all be a true and inviolable Pca^e, between the moft Serene
King of Great Britain, and the moft llluflrious Lords and Governors of the
City and Kingdom of Tripoly, in Barbary ; and between all the Dominions
and Subjects of either Side : And if the Ships and Subjects of either Party
fa all happen to meet upon the Seas, or elfewhere, they jhall not mo/eft each
other, but Jhall Jhew allpoffibU Refpecl and Friend/hip.

3 II. That

ARTICLES, &c. with TRIP OLY.

II.

That all Merchant Ships belonging to the Dominions of Great Britain^ and
trading to the City, or any other Part of the Kingdom of Tripoly, pall pay
no more than three per Cent. Cuflom for all Kinds of Goods they (h all fell :
And as for fuch as they Jhall not fell, they Jhall be permitted freely to embark
them again on board their Ships, without paying any Sort of Duty whatfoever - 9
and Jhall depart without any Hindrance or Molejlation.

III.

That all Ships and other Vejfels, as well thofe belonging to the faid King of
Great Britain, or to any of his Majeflfs Subjecls, as thofe belonging to the
Kingdom, or People of Tripoly, Jhall freely pafs the Seas, and traffic where
they pleafe, without any Search, Hindrance, or Molejlation, from each other :
And that all Perfons or Paffengers, of what Country foever, and all Monies,
Goods, Merchandifes and Moveables, to whatfoever People or Nation belong'
ing, being on board any the faid Ships, or Vejfels, Jhall be wholly free t and
Jhall not be. flopped, taken, or plundered, nor receive any Harm or Damage
whatfoever from either Party.

IV.

That the Tripoly Ships of War* or any other Vejfels thereunto belonging,
meeting with any Merchant Ships, or other Vejfels of the King of Great Bri-
tain'* Subjecls {not being in any of the Seas appertaining to any of his Ma-
je fly's Dominions) may fend on board one Jingle Boat, with two Sitters, be~
fides the ordinary Crew of Rowers ; and no more but the two Sitters to enter
any of the faid Merchant Ships, or any other Veffels, without the exprefs
Leave of the Commander of every fuch Ship, or Vejfel : And then, upon pro-
ducing to them a Pafs under the Hand and Seal of the Lord High Admiral of
England, or the CommiJJioners for executing the faid Office, the faid Boat
jhall prefently depart, and the Merchant Ship or Ships, Vejfel or Vejfels,
Jhall proceed freely on her or their Voyage. And tho' the Commander , or
Commanders of the faid Merchant Ship or Ships, Vejfel or Vejfels, pro-
duce no Pafs from the Lord High Admiral of England, or, &c. yet if the
major Part of the Ship's or Vefjel's Company be Subjecls to the faid King of
Great Britain, the faid Boat fh all prefently depart, and the Merchant Ship or
Ships, Vejfel cr Vejfels, fljall proceed freely on her or their Voyage : And any
of the faid Ships of War, or other Vejftls of his faid Majcfly, meeting with
any Ship or Ships, Vejfel or Vejfels, belonging to Tripoly, if the Commander,

C c c c c i or

ARTICLE S, &e. with TRIP OLY.

or Commanders of any fucb Ship or Ships, Veffel or Veffels, Jball produce a
Pafs figned by the chief Governors of Tripoly, and a Certificate from the
Englifli Conful re fi ding there \ or if they have no fucb Pafs or Certificate, yet
if the major Part of their Ship's Company or Companies be Turks, Moors,
or Slaves belonging to Tripoly, then thefaid Tripoly Ship or Ships, Veffel
or Veffels, Jball proceed freely.

That no Commander, or other Perfon, of any Ship or Veffel of Tripoly,
Jball take out of any Ship or Vejfel of hisfaid Majefiys Subjetls, any Perfon
or Perfons wbatfoever, to carry them any where to be examined, or upon any
other Pretence, nor Jball ufe any Torture or Violence unto any Perfon of what
Nation or Quality foever, being on board any Ship or Vejfel of bis Majejlfs
Subjetls, upon any Pretence wbatfoever.

That no Shipwreck, belonging to thefaid King of Great Britain, or to any
of bis Majefifs Subjetls, upon any Part of the Coafis belonging to Tripoly,
Jball be made or become Prize j and that neither the Goods thereof Jball be
feized, nor the Men made Slaves j but that all the SubjeUs of Tripoly Jball
do their befl Endeavours tofave the faid Men and their F.ffeSs.

VII.

That no Ship, or any other Veffel of Tripoly, Jball have PermiJJion to be

delivered up, or to go to any other Place in Enmity with the faid King of

Great Britain, to be made ufe of as Cor fairs at Sea againft his faid Majefift

SubjeUs,

VIII.

That if any Ship, or Vejfel of Tunis, Algiers, Tetuan or Sallee, or of
any other Place being in War with the faid King of Great Britain, bring any
Ships or Vejfels, Men or Goods, belonging to bis faid Majefty*s Subjetls, to
Tripoly, or to any Port or Place in that Kingdom, the Governors there Jball
not permit them to be fold within the Territories of Tripoly.

IX.

That if any Suhjecl of the King of Great Britain happens to die in Tri-
poly, or its Territories, bis Goods or Monies Jball not be feized by the Gover-
nors, or any Minifiers of Tripoly, but Jball all remain with the Englifh
Conful

i X. That

ARTICLES, d>r. with TRIPOLY.

That neither the Englifh Conful, nor any other Subjebl of the /aid King of
Great Britain, Jhall be bound to pay the Debts of any other of his Majeftfs
Subjects, unlefs they become Surety for the fame by a public A3.

XI.

That the SubjebJs of his faid Majejly in Tripoly, or its Territories^ in
Matter of Controverfy, Jhall be liable to no other Jurifdiclion but that of the
Dey, or Diwan, except they happen to be at Difference between themfelves;
in which Cafe they fhall be liable to no other Determination but that of the
Conful only,

XII.

That in cafe any Subjebl of his Majejly, being in any Part of the Kingdom
of Tripoly, happen to Jirike, kill, or wound a Turk or Moor > ;/ he be ta-
ken, he is to be punifhed in the fame Manner, and with no greater Severity
than a Turk ought to be, being guilty of the fame Offence j but if he efcape 9
neither the faid Englifli Conful, nor any other of his faid Majeftfs Subjecls,
Jhall be in any Sort auejlioned or troubled on that Account.

XIII.

That the Englifh Conful now, or at any Time hereafter^ refiding at Tri*
poly, Jhall be there at all Times with intire Freedom and Safety of his Per-
fon and Eflate, and fhall be permitted to chufe his own Interpreter and Bro-
ker, and freely to go on board any Ship in the Road, as often and when he
pleafes, and to have the Liberty of the Country > and that he Jhall be allowed
a Place to pray in, and that no Man Jhall do him any Injury in Word or
Deed*

XIV.

That not only during the Continuance of this Peace and Friendjhip, but
likewife if any Breach, or War happen to be, here after > between the faid King
of Great Britain and the City and Kingdom of Tripoly, the faid Conful y and
sll other his Majefty's Subjetls inhabiting in the Kingdom of Tripoly, Jhall
always, and at all Times, both of Peace and War, have full and abfolute

Liberty^

ARTICLES, &c. with TRIPOLY^

Liberty to depart and go to their own Country, or any other, upon any Ship
or Vejfel, of what Nation foever they Jball think fit, and to carry with them
all their EJlates, Goods, Families, and Servants, tho* born in the Country,
without any Interruption or Hindrance.

XV.

That no Subjecl of his /aid Majefiy, being a Pajfenger from or to any Port,
/hall be any way molefted or meddled with, tho* he be on board any Ship or
Vejfelin Enmity with Tripoly.

XVI.

That if any of the Ships of War of the [aid King of Great Britain come
to Tripoly, or to any other Port, or Place of that Kingdom, with any
Prize, they may freely fell it, or otberwife difpofe of it at their own Plea-
fure, without being molefted by any : And that his Majefty's [aid Ships of
War Jball not be obliged to pay Cuftoms in any Sort j and that if they Jball
want Provifions, Ficluals, or any other Things ^ they may freely buy them
at the Rates in the Market.

XVII.

That when apy of his Majefifs Ships of War Jball appear before Tripoly $
upon Notice thereof given to the Engliih Conful, or by the Commander of the
/aid Ships, to the chief Governors of Tripoly, public Proclamation Jball be
immediately made to fecure the Chriftian Captives j and if after that any
Chriftians what foever make their Efcape on board any of the [aid Ships of
War, they Jball not be required back again j nor (hall the /aid Conful, or
Commander, or any other his Majefifs Subjecl s, be obliged to pay any thing
for the /aid Cbrijlans,

XVIII.

That all Merchant Ships coming to the City, or Kingdom of Tripoly (tho*
not belonging to Great Britain)^// have free Liberty to put them/elves under
the Protection of the Britirti Conful, in felling and difpofing of their Goods
and Mercbandife, if they Jball think proper, without any Hindrance or Mo-
Uftation.

XIX.

ARTICLES, &c. with TRIPOLY.

XIX.

That 'at all Times, when any Ship of War of the King of Great Britain,
&c. carrying his /aid Majefty's Flag, appears before the faid City of Tripoly,
and comes to an Anchor in the Road, immediately after Notice thereof given
by his faid Majejlfs Conful, or Officer from the Ship, unto the Dey and Go-
vernment of Tripoly, they fhall, in Honour to his Majefly, caufe a Salute of
tiventy [even Cannon to be fired from the Cajlle and Fort of the City } and
that the faid Ship Jh all return an Anfwer by firing the fame Number of
Cannon,

XX.

That no Merchant belonging to Great Britain, or any other Nation, under
the Protection of the Britifh Conful, being in the Port of Tripoly, fiall be
detained from proceeding to Sea on her Voyage longer than three Days, under
the Pretence of Arming out the Ships of War of this Government, or any
other wbatfoever.

XXI.

That no Subject of the King of Great Britain, Sec. fhall be permitted to
turn Muflulman in the City and Kingdom of Tripoly (being induced thereunto
by any Surprife wbatfoever) unlefs he voluntarily appears before the Dey or
Governor, with the Englifh ConfuVs Interpreter, thrice in twenty four Hours
Space, and every Time declares his Refolution to become a Muflulman.

XXII.

That the mojl Serene King of Great Britain'* Conful, rejiding in Tripoly
afore faid, (hall have Liberty at all Times, when he pleafes, to put up his faid
Serene Majeftfs Flag on the Top of his Houfe, and there to continue it fpread
as long Time as he pleafes; likewife the faid Conful to have the fame Liberty
of putting up and fpreading the faid Flag in his Boat when be paffes on the
Water, and no Man wbatfoever to oppofe, molejl, difurb, or injure him
therein, either by Word or Deed*

XXIII.

That whereas the Ifland of Minorca in the Mediterranean Sea, and the
City of Gibraltar in Spain, have been yielded up and annexed to the Crown
of Great Britain, as well by the King of Spain, as by all the fever al Powers

ARTICLES,^, with T R I P O L Y.

of Europe engaged in the late TVar : Now it is hereby agreed and fully con-
cluded, that from this 71 me forward, for ever, the [aid ljland of Minorca
and City of Gibraltar^// be ejleemed, in every Refpecl, by the Government
of Tripoly, to be Part of his Britannic Majefly's own Dominions, and the
Inhabitants thereof to be looked upon as bis Majefty's Natural Subjecls, in the
fame Manner as if they had been born in any Part of Great Britain ; and
they with their Ships and Vejfels wearing Britifh Colours, Jhall be permitted
freely to trade and traffic in any Part of the Kingdom of Tripoly, and Jhall
pafs without any Moleftation whatfoever, either on the Seas or elfewbere, in
the fame Manner, and with the fame Freedom and Privileges as have been
fiipulatedin this and all former Treaties in Behalf of the Britifh Nation and

Subjecls.

XXIV.

And whereas in the Treaty of Peace, concluded in the Reign of King
Charles II. in the Tear 1676. by Sir John Narborough Knt. an Article
was infer ted, by which the Ships and Vejfels of Tripoly were not permitted to
cruife before, or in Sight of the Port of Tangier, then belonging to Great
Britain : Now it is hereby concluded and ratified, that in the fame Manner
none of the Ships or Vefjels belonging to Tripoly Jhall cruife or look for Prizes,
before or in Sight of the Ports of the ljland Minorca, and the City of Gi-
braltar, to diflurb or molefi the Trade thereof in any Manner whatfoever.

XXV.

That all and every the Articles in this Treaty Jhall be inviolably kept and
obferved between his moft Sacred Majejly of Great Britain, and the mofi II-
Juftrious Lords and Governors of this City and Kingdom of Tripoly, and all
other Matters not particularly expreffed in this Treaty, and provided for in
any former, Jhall ftill remain in full Force, and Jb all be efleemed the fame as
if inferted here. Dated in the Prefence of Almighty God, in the City of Tri-
poly, this is>tb Day of July 17 16. according to the Chriftian Computation >
and of the Muflulman Hejira the loth of the Moon Shaaban 1 128.

FINIS.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

Los Angeles

This book is DUE on the last date stamped below.

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