Full text of "A complete history of Algiers. To which is prefixed, an epitome of the general history of Barbary, from the earliest times: interspersed with many curious remarks and passages, not touched on by any writer whatever .."

A COMPLETE

HISTORY

ALGI E R S v

From the earlieft to the prefent Times.

The Whole

Interfperfed with many curious Remarks and PafTages,
not touched on by any Writer whatever.

VOLUME II.

By j/M ORGAN.

L O N*D O N:

Printed for the AUTHOR, by J. Bettenham,

Sold by R. Knaplock in St. Paul's Chnrch-Tard, A. Bettesworth
in Pater- Nc/ler-Row, C. King in JVeJlminfter-Hall, J. Pemberton
in Heet/lreety and J. Clarke under the Roy al- Exchange.

MDCCXXIX,

2>r

To the Honourable, the

COMMISSIONERS forTRADE,^.

Worthy Gentlemen,

SJ looked on it to be a fcarce-difpenfi-
ble Pare of my Duty, to tender, at the
Mo ft Honourable Admiralt y-B oard,
my Introductory Volume of this Work y
fo I cannot prevail with my felf to de-
cline thinking, that this Sequel of the
fame Performance has not fome Sort of Title to Your
Patronage. An Honour of which I am not a little
ambitious. Nor can I help flattering my felf with the
pleafing Hopes of its meeting a favourable Reception $
thofe my Noble Patrons having fo highly honoured
me by their kind Acceptance of my dutiful Addrefs to
their Lordships.

It is, Honourable Sirs, the Hiftory, impartially
handled, of a People, who, for more than two Centu-
ries, by a dear-bought Experience, have convinced the
World, that they are not fo much to be defpifed as abun-
dance endeavour to perfuade the Ignorant. Since it is

A z but

DEDICATION.

but too notorious, that from their very Rife to this indi-
vidual Moment, it ever has been, is, and moft probably
will long be very much in their Power to difturb the
Traffic of every Maritime State in Europe, even more
than feems credible to many 5 nay, more than fome will
allow humanly pofiible to be effected by fuch as they are
pleafed to term only a Crew of inconfiderable, skulking

Pirates. An Epithet which, methinks, does not ftricfcly

belong to them 3 except we allow the renowned Order
of Malta to be fuch, and even all the European Priva-
teers in War-Time. If ever they merited that Name, it
was while they profeffed an abfolute Dependency on, and
an implicit Obedience to the Ottoman Emperors, being
governed by Bafhas, as Vice-Roys, fent immediately
from the Turkifh Sultan -, and yet they preyed on the
Traders of thofe Potentates who were in Alliance with
that Court : Then, indeed, their Hoftilities favoured
fomewhat of Piracy. But, for near feventy Years, they
have been, in a Manner, a State independent. We, for
our Parts, have had very little Realon to term them
Pirates, ever fince our ftill-fubfifting Treaty, concluded
with them even before our happy Revolution. And it is
with the greater Pleafure I addrefs Your Honours, be-
caufe You muft be allowed competent Judges in thefe
Matters 3 whereas, had I accofted Perfons lels verfed in
the Interefts of Nations, I fhould, perhaps, have been
cenfured as a partial Advocate for the Corfairs, with
whofe Hiftory I have undertaken to entercain the Curious:

Which is a Character I utterly difown. But Fact is

Fact 3 tho' fome Perfons feem unwilling to be difibufed,
and are apparently out of Humour, becaufe, to pleafure

them.

DEDICATION.

them, the Devil is not painted blacker than he really is,
and according to their own wild Ideas. Were any in-
telligent, unbiafed Perfon to be asked his Opinion, to
whom the Name of Pirates more properly belongs, whe-
ther to the Tripolme Rovers, who, with near thirty fmall
Cruifers, are now making Prey of all the French they
can light on, in Return for the late Bombardment of their
Capital, or to the Spanijh Privateers, who, in Time of
Truce, are carrying off all the Englifh they can matter ^
were fuch a Perfon, I fay, to be interrogated, one may
guefs at his Anfwer. I took not in Hand a Satire upon
the Algerines^ but propofed to write their Hi/lory : And
how well I fhould have difcharged the Duty of a faithful
Writer, had I reprefented the two Barba-roffas, Haffan
Agci) Dragut Ran and feveral others, as Poltrons, I leave
to Your impartial Determination. Where the Algerines
are really Reprobation-worthy, I am far from fparing
them. Yet fome fay, that a too-great Portion of Incenle
is offered up to fuch Scoundrels 5 tho' the Teftimonies
even of their avowed Enemies are produced upon all
Occafions, proving feveral of them to have tranfacted
what is fcarce to be equalled in Story. Would not the
moft zealous Afferters of the Royal Caufe, fince our own
miferable, inteftine Broils, have been heartily laughed at,
had they attempted to brand the ufurping Cromwel with
Cowardice ? If a Man, whoioever he be, is truly brave,
and dares do great Actions, is there any Realon why
thofe who tranfmit to Pofteritv his Exploits fhould be
cenfured for doing it in lively Colours ? Or ought a
People who poffefs a populous Territory of feveral Hun-
dreds of Leagues in Circumference, who make, and to-
lerably-

DEDICATION.

lerably-weli obferve Treaties with Us and Others, and
whofe Alliance is courted and even purchafed, not to be
allowed a better Title than Pirates r True $ the Main of
their Subfiftence is what they acquire by roaming the Seas 5
fo is that of the Knights of Malta. Indeed the Sallee-
Gentry, or Weftern Mauritanians, as Your Honours
are certainly fenfible, are not often to be taxed with any
very great Regard they have to Treaties made with the

Chrijiian Powers. But as for the African Turks, who

are thofe of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoly, being fomewhat
eafier to come at in their Ports, they make Peace and War
in Form, as do other People, when it futes their Advan-
tage or Conveniency. Of thefe three States, the Alge-
nnes, who are my moft immediate Theme, muft be ac-
knowledged by far the more confiderable, as they are the
more daring and confequently the more dangerous and
pernicious to the Commerce of Europe, of which our
Nation bears fo great a Share. Thefe continually fcour
as w r ell the Wide as the Narrow Seas, which thofe their
more Raftern Neighbours feldom, or indeed never at-
tempt. Thefe take many bold Steps, which the others
would tremble even to imagine. Have we not a very
recent Inftance of their Prefumption, in their fetting, as
it were, at open Defiance, even the Ottoman Sultan, whom
they ftill affect to call their Sovereign and Protector?
Indeed, it is not utterly impracticable to bring them into
Manners -, nay, We Ourfelves went a great Way towards
it, in the very laft War We had with them , which to carry
on, fays the Prefent State of England, coftthe Nation,
annually, 300000 /. and Thoufands had all the Reafon
imaginable to have wiflied, that had been the only Expence.

But

DEDICATION.

But for farther Particulars, I refer Your Honours to their
Hi/lory itfelf - y which, I may boldly venture to aver, has
never yet appeared in fo true a Light as it now does.
And, had I no Occafion to fugged, that, generally fpeak-
ing, Peoples Heads are at prefent turned a quite different
Way, and the more fo becaufe this Work was undertaken
by Sub/caption, I would and could have fubjoined an-
other very entertaining Volume, wherein nothing fhould
have appeared either fuperfluous or impertinent to a
Reader curious in Subjects, genuine and intirely new, of
a Nature fo peregrine and groteik. As to what regards
this Subfcript'ton Affair, I muft frankly own, that it is a
Method in Life none would have difdained meddling
with more than myfelf, could I have undertaken it upon
any better Foundation, or had I but imagined this Town
had been fo unencour aging as I have found it to be : For
the Truth is what I fcorn to difown. And what I have
aflumed the Liberty to advance above, is only to fhew
that the Theme is not altogether defpicable.

If my refpe&ful Attempt in this well- defigned Addrefs
to Your Honourable Board (which I cannot help think-
ing my Duty) meets Your Approbation, my Views are
completely anfwered $ as being, with all due Deference
and Regard,

Honourable Sirs,

Your FI on ours

mofi obedient and mo ft humble Servant,

J. MORGA Ni

rv\

ADVERTISEMENT to the Public.

December 20. 1728.

IHere offer to Public Acceptance * the other Tome of this Performance. In moft
Re r pets it is, by feveral good Judges who have read it, allowed to be the beft and
nwfl genuine Account of the Affairs of thofe Parts of the World, extant in any Language.
My Supererogatory IntroduRicn (which is owned to be a curious Piece, tho' not, perhaps,
adapted to every Palate) corrects abundance of erroneous Chronology and the like, is near all
of it more than ever I, originally, defigned, and cuts deep in the Fir/} Volume : Surely the
Author of the Monthly Republic of Letters never perufed it, elfe he would fcarce.have called
it, A Collection from Books in every cues Hands', but would have taken Notice of a Multitude
of Remarks, cirV. on fundry Topics by Way of Interlardation, never touched on by any
Hand but my own. Therein, indeed, I mould have obliged Numbers, had I got done into
Englijb all vay mouldy La tin Quotations from ancient Writers ; which I actually would have
done, and much more,. could I have afforded it. As for my muttering Preface, and my Letter
to an early Subscriber, which fome like not, I certainly ought, with one of our modern Wits,
to have redeemed, that the World is fo confoundedly callous about the Pofteriors, that ail
the Flogging in Nature will never male it one Jot the better.

* The former Vtitmt wa published in J****rj laft, humbly Addrefled to the "Bttrd of Admiralty, and by
die Lerdt Commiffisnert very krourably Autftti. It wa introduced to thftr Lirdjhjs by the late Worthy and
Much-Regreted Samuel Mtljntux, f<ji

l&0O00O03O00O0CO03O0Q00O90OS0O09O00O0^f

CONTENTS

O F T HE

HISTORY of ALGIERS.

Beginning at P. 211.

CHAP. 1.

The Antiquity, Names, Revolutions and Situation of the City

^/Algiers. z i i

THE Origin, Names, ancient Revo-
lutions and Situation of Algiers
briefly handled, viz. *b.

Prefumed to be the ancient Cafaria of
Juba II. Its Afpeft intirely modern.
Tegedemt : A ruinous City. 212
J oh Algiers once fo called. 213

Remarks on the Names Jol and Juba.

ibid.

Names, ancient and modern, of Algiers.

214
A Reflection on Conquerors. 21 f

Into what States Barbary was divided
before entered by the Turks. A brief
Account thereof. ziS

Succefles of Don Ferdinand, the Catho-
lic againft the Moors, both in Spain
and Barbary. Spanijh Moors fettle in
Btirbary. 21?

Thofe People briefly characterized. 218

Don Ferdinand reduces feveral Places in
Africa, and curbs Algiers with a Fort.

219

Situation of that City. . 220

CHAP.

contents;

CHAP. II.

Some Account of the famous Cor fair Barb a-r ossa, before he
pffffid himfelf of Algiers. 220

TH E Origin of the celebrated Barba-
rofa. ib.

He commences Corfair. 221

His two Brothers follow his Fortunes.

222
Kindly received at Tunis. ib.

He takes two of the Pope's Gallies. 223
HaeaSs Account of that bold Exploit.

224
The fame Story differently told by Mar-
mo I. 225*
He takes a large Spanijb Ship, with yoo
Soldiers on board ; increafes in Power,
and begins to grow very formidable.

227
Is made Governor of Jerba. ib.

Is invited by the King of Bujeya, and
, accepts the Orfer ; tho' not without
ambitious Views. 228

Repulfed there by the Spaniards, and lo-
fes an Arm. ib.

Returns to Turns* 229

His Fleet deftroyed at the Goletta by An-
drea D'Oria. ib.

His Brother Heyradin dreads his Pre-
fence, on. Account of that Difgrace.

ib.

A fecond fruitlefs Attempt of his upon
Bujeya. 230

Made King of Jijel. 231

Much loved by thofe his Subjects, tin

Defeats and kills the King of Cucco.

232

Algiers revolts from its Subjection to the
Spaniards, under its new Prince Salem
aben Tounti. ib.

That Prince calls Barbarrojfa to his Af-
fiftance : Who gladly accepts an Of-
fer fo agreeable to his Ambition. 233

He palTes on to Sberjhel, which Place
he wrefts from Kara Hajfan, and puts
to Death that Corfair. 234

Makes himfelf King of Sberjhel. 235*

CHAP. III.

The Hiftory of Barba-rossa continued till his *Death. When,
and by what Means Algiers fell into the Hands of its prefent
Toffeffors, the Turks. 235

ARrives at Algiers, where he is moil
holpitably received. 236

Haughty Anfwer of a Spanijb Captain.

ibid.

The Spanijb Fort in vain Battered. 237

Prince Salem, fick of Turkijh Infolence

and Ingratitude, retires. " ib.

Is bafely murdered by Barba-rojfa ; who

is proclaimed King of Algiers. 238

Some Remarks upon a Romantic Story,

and other Matters, 239

The Algtrines difcontented, meditate a
Revolt. 240

The Conspiracy. 241

Difcovered; and feveral of the Chiefs
made Examples. 243

A Spanijb Fleet attempts Algiers. it.

The utter Deftrudtion of that Armada.

244

The King of Tennez makes War with
Barba-rojfa. 245*

More Remarks. 246

Bar bo-

C O N T t N t s;

Barba-roJfa\ Refolution. 246

He defeats the Enemy, and poflefles

himfelf of Tennez, with a Regal Title.

ib.
Is invited to Tremizan. 247

Reflections on certain Hiftorians. ib.
Barba-rojfa gladly embraces the Invitati-
on to Tremizan. 248
An Author corrected by his Interpreter.

ib.

The King of Tremizan routed by the

Turks, and flain by his own Subjects.

249
The Conqueror made King of that anci-
ent Realm, and commences Tyrant.

ib.
Generous and liberal to his own People.

Enters into a Treaty with the King of

Fez. 2 fo

Ifaac, .youngeft Brother to Barba-rojfa

cut off by the Africans. z$l

Marntol feemingly in the wrong. ib.

Prefumed, by the Author, to be often

guilty of an-over zealous Partiality.

2f2

Spaniards ftirred up againft the too-grow-
ing Barba-rojfa. 25*4

They fet out from Oran. 257

Barba-rojfa retreats from Tremizan. ib.

Purfued by the Spanijh Army, ufes a
Stratagem, but without Succefs. ib.

Generoufly turns back to fuccour his
Rear, and dies bravely fighting. 25*6

His great Character. 257

CHAP. IV.

Heyradin Basha, or Barba-rossa II. Jecond T u r-
kish Sovereign, and fir fi Vice-Roy of Algiers, for the
Grand Signor. 258

HEyradin, called Barba-rojfa II. fuc-
ceeds his brave Brother, amidft the
Lamentations of the Weftern Turks.

The Spaniards, by not following their
Blow, mifs the faireft Opportunity of
rooting out the Algerine Turks they
are ever likely to have again. ib.

Heyradin feeks the Grand Signor's Pro-
tection, and is created Bajha of all
his late Brother's Acquifitions. 259

He reftores the Fugitive King ofTenttezy
in Quality of his Dependent. ib.

The Spaniards lofe another Armada be-
fore Algiers. 260

A remarkable PafTage, with a notable
Saying of this Bajha. 261

Col yields to the Algerines. ib.

Thofe Turks graterul to the Jijelians,

262

Cojlantina : When acquired by the
Turks of Algiers. ib.

Porta Stora. ib.

Bona taken by the Bajha. All Ckrijten*

dom his'Enemies but the French. z6$

A Surmife of the Author's. ib.

Heyrardin, in Perfon, does great Mif-
chief at Sea, to the Chrijlians. ib.

The Zwouiva and Bent Abbas treat with
the Bajha ; tho' they never would with
his Brother. ib.

Some Exploits of the Algerine Corfairs,
under the Conduct of CachaDiablo y
or Drub-Devil ; who takes feven Spa-
nip Gallies. 264

The Spanijh Fort, on the Ifland, a very
great Eye-Sore and Inconveniency to
the Algerines. 266

Two moors hanged there by the Go-
vernor: And why. ib.

Which haftens the Bajha's Defign a-
gainft it. He firft Summons the Go-
vernor. The bold Anfwer fent him
by that Spaniard. 267

The Fort furioufly battered, and carried by
the Turks. ib.

The Ifland joined to the Town by a
Mole, or Pier. 26S

Heyraditfi

CONTENTS.

Heyradtn's Cruelty to that Captain,
who gave his Tongue too great a Li-
berty. 268

The fame differently related, 269

Remarks on thofe Particulars. 271

A Paflage between Conful Cole and a
ftiff Spanijh Captive. ib.

Slavery no Obstruction to Party. What
the Algerines fay upon that Head. ib.

Andrea D'Oria at Sherjhel. He there
iets free more than 700 Captives : But
his Troops pay dearly for their Greedi-
nefs and Breach of Orders. 272

A Spanijh Slave mod inhumanly ufed.

2 73

Two Gallies taken by the Bapa. 274

A well-concerted Contpiracy of the

Cbrijlian Slaves to furprife Algiers,

perfidioufly discovered by a Spaniard.

Seventeen of the mod culpable cut in
Pieces. 276

The Traytor's deferved Recompence.

ib.

Mulei Hajfan King of Tunis : A Ty-
rant. His Subjects revolt, and crave
AfMance from Algiers. 277

Sultan Suliman furniflies Heyradin Bajha
with Forces for that Expedition, ib.

He gains Tunis, without Trouble, and
makes himfelf King of the whole
Realm, in the Sultan's Name. 278

The Maltejes originally Arabs. 279

Two Cbrijiiah Spies cruelly put to Death
at Tunis. ib.

Barbary Corfairs Sovereigns of the Me-
diterranean. 280

The Bajhd's Precaution. 281

Charles V. prepares to expel the Turkt
from Tunis. ib.

A Saying of this bold Bajha. ib.

He plunders Mabon, m. Minorca. ib.

Where he takes a rich Portuguefe Ship,
with much valuable Booty, and more
than 6000 Captives. 282

Hajfan Aga at Algiers. ib.

Mulei Hajfan rettored. ib %

Thefe Affairs inlarged upon. U>.

Heyradin orders many thoufands of the
Captives he was forced to leave at
Tunis, to be blown up. 283

His, frantic Rage. $b

His Renegadoes refufe him Entrance into
the Cattle; and fome of them fet free
thofe Chrijiians. ib.

A Renegado lofes his Head for doing his.
Duty by Halves. 284

Barbarities of the Imperial ifts, and Mife-
ries of Tunis. ib.

Chrijiians cut each others Throats for
Plunder, ib.

Andrea D'Oria in vain feeks Heyradin.
He leaves aSpani/h Garrifon at Bona.

Capitulations between the King of Tu-
nis and his Imperial Patron. ib.

How relithable fuch Treaties mutt needs
be to an African Palate. 286

The Emperor Charles V. briefly charac-
terized. Was Matter of the whole
World ; but the Time when, uncer-
tain, ib.

Heyradin Bajha fets out for the Levant,
to follicit a Force for the Recovery of
Tunis. 287

Plunders a Venetian Ship, and lets the
Complainers know, that the Barbary
Corfairs always did what they pleafed.

ib.

Intercepts certain Letters, of which he
makes good Ufe. The Ruin of Ibra-
him the lllujlrious Bajha. 288

Is made Captain-Bajha. ib.

Several Exploits of his, in that Capacity,

259

His Defign upon Brindifi difcovered. ib.

The Ottomans thereby difappointed of
their Scheme to have Popes at Rome
of their own making. ib.

A Miftake of Guicciardin. 290

Andrea D^Oria refufes the Captain- Ba-
jha s Challenge. Damages fuftained
by the Venetians, from this Ottoman
Admiral. ib.

The French and Ottomans in Conjunc-
tion againft Charles the Emperor and
his Allies. Caietta tacked by the Cap-
tain-Bafha, thro* the Inadvertency of
the Governor. ib.

Heyradin falls in Love with and marries
that Gentleman's beautiful Daughter ;
for whofe Sake he and his Lady are fee
at Liberty. 291

Villa-Franco, ruined by the Turks ; as is

alfo

CONTENTS.

alfo Nice, by them and their Confede-
rates the French. . zoi

This Captain-Bajha active and indefati-
gable. He fends Salba Rais on the
Coaft of Catalonia ; who ruins P ala-
mos and Rofas, and winters at Algiers i
Which State was always favoured and
protected by Heyradin. ib.

He forces the Proprietor of Piombino to
deliver np a young Turk, turned Chri-

Jiian; but firft does much Harm at
Elba. He demands and obtains Dra-
gttt Ran from the Genouefes. ib.

Returns home for the laft Time. ib.

His feveral ftately Buildings. ib.

His Death : A Fable current among the
Turks concerning him. 293

His Memory very grateful among the
Ottomans. ib.

That great Man chara&eriied. iK

CHAP. VI.
Bash a II. Hassan Aga, Sardo.

294

THE Origin of his worthy SuccefTor,
Hafjan Aga. 294

Aga, a proper Epithet for all Eunuchs.
He is fo made by his Patron Heyradin,
whofe great Favourite he always was.
Encomiums on this Eunuch. ib.

Left Governor of Algiers, in his Pa-
tron's Abfence. His Prudence and
Refolution. 295-

Algiers never happier than in his Time.

ib.

Charles V. refolves to deftroy this Ciry.

ib.

Great Preparations for the Expedition.

ib.

Arrival of the Armada. Difficulty in
Landing. 296

Haffan Aga fummoned. ib.

Related by Haedo, with fome Particu-
lars, ib.

This Affair fomewhat more particularly
told by Marmot. A Spamjfj Don very
peremptory : And withal infinuatlng.
Both Methods prove fruukfs. 297

Haffan Aga faid to waver. ib.

But is re-aflured by a Renegado 'Jsw.

298

Some Difcourfe between the Bafha and
the ZJo. That Summonerdifmiffed. ib.

A perfidious Ferfian. He and his AiTo-
ciates juftly rewarded. ib.

Some Observations. 299

Beginnings of ih&ChriJlian Invaders Di-
itrefs. ib.

Haffan Aga\ prudent and determinate
Meafures in that Exigence. Does
considerable Damage to the Enemy.

ib.

Bravery of the Knights of Malta. Told
by Marmot. 300

Differently told by the lefs partial Haedo;
who fpeaks very handfomely of Haf-
fan Aga. ib.

A horrible Tempeft. Miferies of the
Chriflian Fleet and Armies. 301

Deftruclion of the Armada. ib.

The Emperor's Courage. 301

Temendefuft, corruptly Metafuz. ib.

The River Harrafh. Its ancient African
Name. ib.

The Army retreats with very great Diffi-
culty, ib.

Algerines negligent in many Affairs. 301

Some Particulars of the Retreat. ib.

Charles V. faid to have cad his Diadem
into the Bay of Algiers. What he
faid upon that Occafion. ib.

This Expedition as fatal to Spain as was
that in 15-88. againfl our Heretical
Grand-Fathers. 304

The notable Efcape of an EngUJh Knight.

ib.

Spaniards fold cheap. 305*

Beauty not prevalent with churlilh Bar-
barians, ib.

A Saying of Andrea D'Oria. ib.

Farther Inftances of this difaftrons Mil-
carriage. 306

A ereat-

C O N T E N T S,

A great Man prefumed to bemifinform-
.. ed. 306

More Prefumptions of a like Nature.

A very requiiite Qualification for a

Traufiator. ib.

A very remarkable French Knight of

Malta, 308

More Obfervations of the Author.' ib.
Several Particulars relating to the Knights

of S. John, or Malta. 309

What the Barbary Corfairs fay of them.

310
What the fame Perfons fay of our Sea-

Captains. 311

Farther Hints concerning that renowned

Military Order. ib.

Remark on the Emperor Charles V.

313
The Maltefes a Dread to the Algerines.

3*4

Naval Force of thofe Chevaliers. 31$'

They take and deftroy feveral of the
African Corfairs. The Algerines, in-
raged, vow Revenge. Their vain
Threats, ib.

A very wife Exprefllon of the Dey
of Algiers ,- at .diimintng fome of
his Captains upon zjleevelefs Errand.

316

The Author keeps no Common Place
Book ; yet has none of the beft Me-
mories. How our King Henry VIII.
flood affected towards S. John's Or-
der; ib.

And King Edward VI. Queen Mary,
and Queen Elizabeth. What might
have come to pafs. Pageantry. 317

Unfair Tranflating. ib.

Reflections and Criticifms ; which might
as well have been let alone. 318

Long Miles. ib.

Gulliver. 3 i 9

Jijeli whereabouts. ib.

Some Reafon of the Importance of
thefe Ports we hold in the Mediter-
ranean, ib.

Algerines bully the Grand Signor's En-
voy. 320

Conful Hudfon. A Perfon to be de-
pended on. ib.

-Why a Frenchman ought to know where
Jtjel ftands. ib.

When the Emperor Charles V. was not
Matter of the whole World. 321

The Prophetic Speech of a Black Wiz-
zard to Hajfan Aga, and .the Diwan.

ib.

Sidi Oulededda, another Wi'zzard ; deem-
ed the Preferver of Algiers. 323

Efficacins Relics. ib.

Qualifications of a Saint, who does
Wonders. 324

In what Cafes no Sanctuary is preva-
lent, ib.

Erroneous Traditions. 325-

Encomium on HaJJan Aga. : ib.

He fets out againft the King of Cucco,
who afllfted the Chriftians. 326

Which Mountain Prince, dreading this
fuccefsful Bajba, purchases Peace. 327

The Diladvantages accruing fince to
Algiers, from that Pacification. ib.

An Omiffion inferted ; which cannot be
laid to be nothing to the Purpofe.

The Eunuch Bajha goes againft the re-
volted King of Tremizan. 329
Who fubmits, and buys a Peace. 330
Refented by the Spanijh Governor of
Or an, who vows Revenge. Thefaid
King dethroned by the Spaniards, ib.
Hajfan Aga's Death, and farther noble
Character. 331
The Affairs of Tremizan. ib.
Oran and Marfa al Kibir. 332
Alliances with Christians mod dangerous
to an African Prince. 333, 334
Reafons for that Aflertioh. 334
How Moors difcourfe upon that Theme.

335"
Mezuar, what. 336

Spaniards defeated. 337

CHAP.

CONTENTS,

CHAP. VL

Basha III. Haft} Regent, or Titular ViCE-Ror.

A c DigreJJion concerning the Affairs of T v M i s ; and other

Particulars. j j s

HAji made Regent of Algiers, 338
A dangerous Infurre&ion of the
Natives againft thofe 'Turks. 339

Rafhnefs punifhed. ib.

The great Advantage of miflive Wea-
pons. 340

Brief Accounts of the Affairs of Taws,
about thofe Times. ib.

Hamida's impious Rebellion, during his
Father Mulei Hafan's Abfence, in
Europe. 342

Mulei Haffan haftens home. 343

Is routed by his Son, and taken. 344

zooo Chrlfkians killed or taken. A
wicked Father barbaroufly treated by
a more wicked Son. 345*

Mulei Aabd al Malec, affifted by the
Spaniards of Goktta, puts to Flight

his inceftuous Nephew Hamida : But
foon dies. ib.

Complaints of the blind King ; Who
again goes over to his Patron, the
Emperor Charles. 346

Tabarca. Held by the Geuouefes. ib.

Hamida recovers the Throne. His Bar-
barities. 347

Mulei Haffan 1 % Character ; with fome
farther Particulars concerning him. ib.

More of the Affair's of Tremizan. 348

That City taken by the Spaniards. Their
Inhumanity. 349

They return to Oran. 3^0

The King, their Introdudtor, depofed by
his refenting Subjects, Hies and is (lain
by the Arabs. 35-1

Contents of the Author's Letter to ~Efq\ in Vol. II.

Ntrodu&ion.

Books in nubibus.

A vile Practice.
ib.

How the Author would ufe a fad Fel-
low. ' 2

Au Embryo. ib.

What might be, if it were the Fafhion.

ib.

Multifarious Recufants encountered by a
Subfcription-Hunter. ib.

Ufe made of his Propofals. His Humi-
lity and Willingnefs to oblige. 3

Mature Consideration. ib.

What would be thought 111- Breeding to-
wards the South. ib.

What the Author would like. 4

Diverfity of Modes, and dangerous Af-

fairs, ib.

The Author charitable and not un-con-

fcrentious. ib.

And withal modeft. Neglects a good

Offer. y

Cornhill how peopled. ib.

Tis a bad Wind that blows Nobody

Good. ib.

Caftles in the Air. 6

Duty of Authors. ib.

Trials of Patience. 7

A fweet Temper ruffled, ib.

Ill-natured Qiieries. ib.

Odd Curiofity.

JEfop's Dog. Expofing ones lnfide pe-

rillous. tb.

Of two Spaniards. 9

What-

. p NT N T

What is a Dllgrace in certain Places;

and what is not Co. 9

Figure-Cutters. How they manage it.

$L
The Author neceffitated to pMay the

Thief: Bu^by way of Amends, thinks

of diirributtog certain Jackets and

Doublets. io

Why he diftributes his Benevotence^/w*-

meal. ib.

Is blamed for his good Intentions : Why,

and chiefly by whom. ib.

Has a tollerable Share of Grace: And

wherefore particularly. 11

Parallel between Varlets of different

GlalTcs. ib.

Farther Apologies for his Doings^ ib.

What he builds upon. u,

An abominable Pun of his. ib.

Loves his Country. ib.

Is attacked mod cowardly : And fuffers
for not being a finart Babbler. 13

Grov,les on in his own Sphere; yet can-
not be let alone. ib.

Pretends to have a paflable good Hand
at making Moufe-Traps. ib.

Frankly owns his Failings. ib,

Difdains to ferve up another's Cookery.
Curft Cows have Short Horns. Has
Cooked for others. A Challenge, ie

His^Iotion of Pedantry. ib.

Purloins, or rather borrows a Pojtjcript,
not very remote from his own indivi-
dual Conceptions. 16

VOL. II.

CHAP.

Bash a IV. Hassan Basha, Son of Heyradin Barbarossa.
Thefirft Time of his Adminiftration. 353

ALgiers a definable Vice -Royalty.
3*3
The Captam-Bajba procures it for his

Son Hajfan. 35-4

Saying of a Spanijh Writer, concerning

Algiers. ib.

Its Condition at the new Bajka's Arri-
val. A Conjecture of the Author's.

ib.
Hajfan Bajba, invited to Tretnizan, fets

out. 3SS

Is fuccefsful. ib.

Affairs of that Realm. 35^

Spaniards chaihTe their Moorijb Allies^

or rather Vaflals. ib.

Formalities ufed by the Arabs to Don

Martin. * ib.

A brave Arab cuts off 300 Turks. What

Ufe Camels are in War. 35*7

The Exploit againft- thofe Turks repre-
fented ; and the Spanijh General Com-
plemented by the Arab Women, ib.

The Spaniards have News of Hajfan
Bajba. 358

Oath of Fidelity how taken by the^r^j-.

ib.

One taken by an Algerine Army, ill
kept. ib.

A comfortlefi Anfwer. ib.

Partiality in a Spaxi/b Author. 35-9

A noble Exploit or five Spaniards. ib.

Remark thereon. 36b

A Bravado. ib.

Mazagran attacked by Don

Bravery of ibme Turks.
Don Martin's Obilinacy.
He is routed by the Enemy.

Martin.

lb.

362

ib.

Hajfan

CONTENTS.

Haffan Bajha informed of his Father's

Death. 363

A Miftake of a great Man. 364

Partialfty of one Spaniard difavowed by

another. A Pacification. ib.

Black not Mourning. 365-

Prince of Fez goes againft Tremizan,

and enters that City. ib.

Beni Aamar retreat to Moflaganem. 366
Haffan Bajha fends an Army againft the

Tingitanians. ib.

A fierce Engagement, in which the Al~

gerines are victorious ; the Fruit where-
of is the Kingdom of Tremizan. 367

The Prince's Head carried to Algiers.

368

Buildings of Haffan Bafha. tb.

Thro' the unjuit Avarice of a proud Fa-
vourite he is depofed. ib.

Al-Caid Sefer ; D&pMy-Bafha. Some
Account of him. 369

Turkijb Peafants, how called. ib.

This AlC aid's Death and Character.

37o

CHAP. VIII.

Basha V. Salha Rais. The firft Arab Vice-Roy of Algiers.

370

SAlha Rati fent to Algiers. His Ori-
gin, &c. 370
King of Tuggurt revolts. Where that

Region lies. The Bafha fets out a-

gainft the Rebels. 371

Batters and takes the City. A Queftion

he puts to the young King. Zeal

rewarded. 372

Goes againft Wargala. ib.

Compounds with 40 Black Traders for

200000 Ducats. 373

Agrees with thoie of Wargala^ and re-

ftores the King of Tuggurt. ib.

The Bajha repulfed at Mayor ca. 374

Takes fome considerable Portugueja

Prizes, with a Pretender.to the Throne

of Fez. . ib.

His Generofity to the reigning King of

the Tingitana. 375-

Affairs of Tremizan. 376

A Saying concerning the Turks. -ib.
Salha Bafha goes againft Fez. Is fuc-

cefsful. 377

New-Fez plundered. The Jews ranlbm

their Quarter. An Act of Juftice. 378

Thofe People taxed with an unufual In-
difcretion. ib.

Liberality of the new King of Fez. ib.

A generous Deed of the Bajha. ib.

He returns home. 379

An impregnable Fortrefs quitted by a ti-
morous Governor. ib.

Salha Bap a goes againft Bujeya. Af-
fifts the French with a Fleet. ib.

A Spanip Hiftorian fuipedetf of Sinking.

380

Bujeya attacked, ib.

And carried. 381

Impartiality commended. ib.

Who (hould and who fliould not be hu-
moured. 382

The River of Bujeya. ib.

Salha Bapa fends Prefents to the Sultan.
Promues the Conqueft of Oran. ib.

The Levant Fleet arrives, and Salha
Bapa lets out for Oran. How the
Plague ferved him, before he got one
fiftieth Part of the Way thit-her. 383

His Obfequies and Character. 384

CHAP,

C G N T E N T S.

CHAP. IX,

Basha VI. VIL VIII. IX. The unfortunate Hassan Corso.

Tbkelli. Yousouf. Al-Caid Yah i a. This

loft rf Re gent, or Titular Vice-Roy ; the fecond a Basha
fent from the Porte; the others Algerine Renega-
does, made B ashas by the Soldiery, 384

HAffan Corfo. Some Account of that
< Kenegaio. He is made Bajha by
the Militia. He marches for Oran:
But is countermanded by the Sultan ;
and why. 385-

The Army returns home ; but unwil-
lingly. 3 8 ^

Encomium on Haffan Corfo. ib.

Tekelli fent as Bajha; but is not admit-
ted. ib.

Injoined to return, by the Governors of
Bona and Bt/jeya, who fire at him.
He perfeveres, and comes near Algiers.

387
The Corfairs waver. Their Arguments

for his Admiflion, in Oppolition to the

"Janifaries. ib.

Some Hints in relation to thofe two dif-

cording Bodies. - 388

Janifaries how and when inftituted. ib.
Perfidious Stratagem of the Levents, or

Corfairs. 389

Tekelli introduced by thofe Traitors.

390
Haffan Corfo apprehended. His Charac-

ter. 391

Execution upon the Hook defcribed.. ib.

Haffan Corfo's miferable and much la-
mented Death. 392

And of the Governor of Bujeya. ib.

The Governor of Bona ranfoms himfeif.

393

The Government of Algiers much al-
tered fince thofe Days; particularly in
refpect to Renegado'es. ib.

The Al-Caid of Tremizan refolves to
revenge his Patron Haffan Corfo* s cruel
Death. 394

The Meafure he takes in order to ac-
complifh his Deiigns His Refolution
and noble Vengeance upon the Ty-
rant. 395"

Tekeltfs Chara&er. 396

The generous Avenger applauded by the
Militia; and by them created Bajha.

tb.

His uncommon Liberality, fudden Death
and fine Character. 397

Al-Caid Tahia made Deputy. tb.

CHAP. X.

Basha X. XI. XII. XIII. Hassan Basha, Son of Heyradin
Barba-rossa : The fecond Time of his Adminiftration. Has-
san Aga and Cousa Mahamed, Joint-Deputies. Ahamed

Basha Al-Caid Yahia : The fecond and laft Time of his

Officiating. *8

HAffan Bapa the fecond Time Vice-
Roy of Algiers. 398
The King of Fez againlt Tremizan. ib.
Haffan Bafha fets out to oppofe that In-
2

vader ; who plunders the City and re-
treats. 399

Is purfued by the Turks to Fez. tb.

A fierce Encounter not much to the

Advantage

CONTENTS,

Advantage of the Algerines. 400

Spaniards again attempt Moftaganem.

401

Haffan Bajha goes to fuccour that Place.

ib.

The befbrementioned Spanijb Hiftorian
once more detected in the A6t of Sink-
ing, ib.

His circumftantial Account of this in-
aufpicious Campaign. 40a

Good Advice neglecled. Obftinacy and
Mif-Condu& occalion much Mifchief.

404

A finiihing Blow. 405"

A Bravado. A General trampled to
Death by his own People. De-
struction of a whole Army. 406

Haffan Bajha at War with Beni- Abbas.
Some Hints concerning that martial
Nation. 407

Turks let flip no Handles. ib.

An a&ive Prince. 408

Cruelty ufed to Turkijh Prifoncrs. ib.

Apologies ufed for renouncing Chrijli-
anity. 409

Hiltory of Abdalaziz, a very brave Afri-
can Prince. 410

His Saying to a Renegado Commander.

ib.

He kills the Prince of Fez. ib.

Is ferviceable to the Algerines. 411

Being malicioufly accufed, efcapes from
Algiers, and prepares for War. ib.

Al-Cala, &c his Capital. ib.

Proves a dangerous Enemy to the Turkr.

ib.

411
ib.
ib.
ib.

4*3

ib.

Boni.

Mefila. Jibil-Ayad.

Cuts off a Party of Algerines.

Hammam.

Impolitic Generofity.

Arab Tribes join Abdalaziz.

Me j ana, or Lare. The Turks build a

Fort there. ib.

"Z amor a. ib.

A Turkijh Camp deftroyed, and the new

Fort razed. 414

Tezli. A Fort there taken by the Turks

and Zivouwa. ib.

Bravery of Abdalaziz. His Death and

Character. 415*

Succeeded by his gallant Brother, Mu-

cron. 416

Hajbemites of Barbary. ib.

Hajfan Bajha efpoufes an African Lady.

417
Commerce at Algiers of bad Confequen-

ces. ib.

What will belt recommend fome Afri-
cans to a good Wife. Niceties, ib.

Haffan Bajha, and others, fent fettered
to the Levant; and why. 418

Two Deputies officiate; but not long.

419

Hajfan Bajha fucceeded and revenged by
Ahamed Bajha. Inftances of the new
Bajha's Avarice. ib.

Algiers foon eafed of a great Eye-fore.

420

Al-Caid Yahia again officiates. His odd
Death. His Charadter, &c. ib.

CHAP. XI.

Basha XIV. Hassan Basha. The third and loft Time of his

Adminiftration. Some Account of the Algerines at the Siege

of Malta. The Hiftory of the famous Corfair, Dragut
R ais. 42 1

HAffan Bajha again reftored to Al-
giers ; and how. His Reception.

421
Marches againit Oran with a great

Force. Returns home ; and with

what Succefs. 422

Laughs in his Sleeve while others are

howling; and why. ib.

A more

CONTENTS.

. A.raore particular Account of the Oran

Campaign. 423

Don Martin's Anfwcr to the Bajba's

Summons 442

Bravery of Hajfan Bajha. 42 <

A grateful Turk. 42J

Farther Proof of the Bajka's Bravery ;

with fome Sayings of his. ib.

The Aigerine Camp and Fleet obliged to

return home. Why Hajfan Bajha

was pleafed with the bad Succefs of

that Campaign. 428

Algerines lofe a fecure Lurking-Hole.

4*9

A rich Tttrk'tp Prize taken by the Mal-
tejes. ib.

Brave Refinance. 430

The Porte highly refentsthe Lofsofthat
Ship. 431

Hajfan Bajha fet s out for Malta. ib.

Some Account of that famous Campaign,
and the Services done there by the Aige-
rine:: Not a little to their Credit. 432

A young Turk in his fiftieth Year. ib.

Cattdalifa, a (lout Aigerine Commander.
The Behaviour of him and his Party.

433
A warlike Procefllon of Part of the
Turkijh Army upon the Water. ib.
Gallantry on both Sides, 434

Candalija, for the firft Time, fliews his
Back. What he gained by that one
falfe Step. 435-

Behaviour of the Algerines. 436

Hajfan Sofia's Counfel to the Ottoman
General. 437

Oppofed by the Captain-Bafha ; but fol-
lowed ; and with what Succefs. ib.
Hiftory of Dragut Rats, a mod noted
Corfair; including many Proofs of
his uncommon Valour and Capacity :
With feveral notable Pieces of Hiftory ;
more particularly the Fate of the fa-
mous City Mehedia^ or Africa. 438
His Beginning. 439

CarelTea and advanced by the Bajha of
Algiers. ib.

Jannetin D y Oria fent againft him. ib.
is made Captive. His Saying of his
Conqueror. 440

JReleafed by his Patron Barba-rojfa 11.

ib.

Several of his Exploits. 441

Sufa, Sfacus and Monajier taken by him.
Has an Eye towards Mehedia, or A-
frica. Some Account of that cele-
brated City. ib.

How he accomplished his ambitious
Views. 442

Fruits of Ambition and Refentment.

443
Dragut gains the City Africa. What

Orders he leaves with his Nephew,

by Way of Prevention. ib.

Confequences of his fettling there, ib.

A difficult Task fet Andrea D'Oria :
Who, inftead of what he was fent a-
bout, takes a fmall Place; as he does
another Place with great Difficulty and
Lofs. 444

Great Mifchief done by a fingle Bullet.

445*
Armada at Mehedia. ib.

What Aifa Rais fays to the wavering

Africans. 446

Zeal moftly among the Vulgar. ib.

The Citizens again eflfeclually harangued

by Aifa Rais. 447

Dragut complies with his Obligation,

and attempts their Relief. ib.

What occafions his Scheme to mifcarry.

448
Succefslefs Bravery of the Unkle and

Nephew. 449

Ufefui Intelligence brought to the Be-

fiegers. 4^0

Who take the City. A lamentable Scene.

45"i

More on the fame Subjecl. ib.

Particulars of this City, till its final Ruin.
viz. 45"2

Offers made the Spaniards by the Go-
vernor of Jerba. ib.

The Garrifbn mutiny, and expel their.
Governor, and all the Officers. 4^3

Antonio de Aponte elected. ib.

His notable Adminiitration. 45-4

His Reply to the Prior of Capua. ib.

Steps taken by the Emperor Charles.

A Counter-Mutiny. tb.

A ftrange Phenomenon. 45"6

Chiefs of the Mutineers apprehended.

ib.
They

CONTENTS.

They meet a Fate different from what
was defigned them : But others fuppljr
their Places. 457

Spanijk Policy. ib.

French and Algerines in Alliance, dreaded
by the Spaniards. ib.

Harangue made by an infinuating yet ar-
rogant Spaniard to the G. Matter of
Malta. 45-8

Report brought to Malta, concerning
Mehedia. 459 .

Spaniards mortified at the Order of
Malta's Refufal of their Munificence.

ib.

The Ruin of Mehedia refolved on ; with
the Steps taken to effect it. 460

A main Point gained. ib.

Preparations for blowing up that flately
City. - 461 _

A Saying of its Founder. 461

Its fudden Dif appearance ; with fome
Confequences thereof. ib.

Dragut's Refentment. He meditates
Revenge. 463

That Corfair dreaded by the Emperor.

ib.

Who feeks his Deftru&ion. 464

Andrea D'Oria attacks and blocks him
up ztjerba. Reckoning without the
Hoft. ib.

A MefTage fent to Jerba. 46?

A Rod laid in Pifs to foak for Dragut.

ib.

A ftrange Caravan. 466

The aforefaid Meflage intercepted. ib.

Dragut follicits the Enterprife upon
Malta. 46J

Squibs thrown at him. ib.

Which he fends off; and, knowing how
his Shoulders were guarded, purfues
his Point. 468-

The Turks, forced to quit Malta, make
Goza an unwelcome Vifit. 469

An unworthy, cowardly Chevalier taught
good Breeding. ib.

A brave Englijhman, and a furious Si-
cilian. 470

Dragut's Revenge not quite imperfect

ib..

Some Tokens of the Sultan^ Efteem for
that Arch-Corfair. He is made, in a
Manner, Sovereign of Tripoly. ib.

Caufes of Content and its Contrary at
Malta. Dragu: repulfed there. 471

He joins the Ottoman Fleet, in a feconi
Attempt upon that Ifland. Is ho-
nourably received. ib.

Gives his Verdict; to which Deference
is given by the Turkijh General, tho*
contrary to his own Sentiment. 472

Words much to his Credit delivered by
a coniiderable Perfon. ib.

State of Fort S. Elmo. 473

Dragut, always intrepid, receives his.
Death's Wound. ib.

Saying of the Turkijb General. What
were Dtagut's laft Thoughts. Part
of his Character. 474

Hajfan Bajha takes his final Leave of
Algiers. His Legacies to the Public.

ib.

That Bajka characterized. 475-

Death of his Son, torn in Pieces by his
own Slaves. ib.

CHAP. XIF.

Basha XV. XVI. Mahamed Basha, Son of Salha Rais.

Ali Basha, Fartas, vulgarly called- Ochali : A Rcncgado of
Calabria. 476.

MAhamed Bajha fucceeds.
his Charaaer.
Certain Deed of this Bafta.
Juan Gafccnh bold Undertaking

Part of A needlefs, yet moft hazardous Feat of

ib. Bravery. 47S

477 Refting in a very wrong Place. 479

ib. Out o/our, one has a good Nofe. i#.

" * A wel-

CONTENTS.

A welcome Gueft, how received and
entertained. 480

Fewel to Fire. ib.

A Corfair talks good Reafon ; and pre-
vails. 481

A Spice of Msrifco Revenge, and Spa-
mjh Bravado. ib.

'Juan Gafcon executed. 48a

"Turks of Algiers curb the vindictive Mo-
rifcoes. ib.

A Spaniard talks what had better been
let alone. 483

He thereby gets acquainted with fome
whom it would have been abundantly
to his Advantage never to have known.

484

The mod made of a Story. tb.

Similitude of Scenes, here and abroad.

485"

Charity begged at Algiers ; how, why,
and by whom. ib.

A Proceflion. Complaints of the Un-
charitablenefs of fome. Inftances of
the contrary in others. 486

A Spanifo Martyr. ib.

The Author quotes a Book of his own.

487

Where a Spanijh Prieft's Purgatory may
be met with. ib.

Roafting People alive ; learned by the
Morifcoes m Spain, and by themfome-
times practifed in Barbary. ib.

Famdiares : A deteftable Vermin. In
what Parts of the World they fwarm.

488

Ochali. The mean Origin of that fa-
mous Admiral. 489

After a Series of Wretchednefs, he com-
mences Corfair, and is entertained by
Dragut Rais. ib.

He occafions the Overthrow of a Spa-
nip Fleet. 490

Succeeds Dragut in the Government of
Tripoly. ib.

His nWrHhing Condition. Is made 2?<7^<*
of Algiers. 491

A Pailage between him and his Mortfco
Suhje&s, relating to the Morifcoes of
Spain. ib.

Invited to the Conqueft of Tunis. He
fets out. 492

The Tyrant Hamida flies, and the Bajba
pofTciTes himfelf of that Realm. 493

He governs well : But is balked in his

Demands upon the Arabs. ib.

What Reply they make him. 494

He returns to Algiers. A fwift Foot-
Courier, ib.
He fets out for the Levant ; and why.
Has News of four Maltefe G3llies. ib.
Of which he takes three, and returns
home. 495-
Trophies at Algiers. ib.
The Bajba forced from Algiers , by the
mutinous Janifaries. 496
He joins the Ottoman Fleet in the Morea.

ib.
His Behaviour and notable Retreat at the
Battel of Lepanto. Is made Captain-
Bijha, partly thro* the Mediation of
a raft Friend. 497

Makes the Sultan a bold and agreeable
Offer. ib.

Why the Chriftian Fleet wonld not an-
fwer his (Challenge. 498

Don "Juan de Auftria recovers Tunis.
Some Account of that Prince. ib.
A PafTage between King Philip, his Bro-
ther, and himfelf, at their firft Inter-
view. 499
The Captain-Bajba follicits the Sultan
to fend him againft the Spaniards in
Africa. He arrives at the Bay of Tu-
nis, ib.
Caftles of the Goletta attacked and car-
ried by the Turks. jco
This Captain-Bajbd's Grudge againft his
own Country. Others of his Exploits.

ib.

His Humour to be known by his Drefs ;

in which he refembled a late Tyrant.

His Buildings and Character. 5*01

Story of a Moorijh Martyr. ib.

His Conftancy. 5-03

Tabbia Buildings, how and where very

common. ib.

Mock Zeal. 5*04

Farther Inftances of the fame. 5-05-

HaeaVs pious Wifh. ib.

A remarkable Tragedy, wherein Rene-

gadoes were the fole Actors. 5-06

Particulars relating to thofe of that Cloth.

' :fii

What Ships are and are not Sanctuaries
for Fugitives at Algiers. jio

A Slave returned to his Owner. ib.

A Frenchman bilks his Company. 51 1
A wicked Dutchman puniihed. ib.

CHAP.

CONTENTS.

CHAP. XIII.

Bash a XVII. XVIII. Arab Ahamed : An Egyptian.-
madam Basha, Sardo : A Renegado Sardinian.

Ra-
51a

A Rob Ahamed lent Bajha to Algiers,
ib.

He deftroys a fine Suburb, and fortifies
the City. ib.

Other ufeful Buildings of his. 5-13

He was a good Driver. Gruel and Po-
litic, ib.

His Conduct at Tunis. 3-32

Not fo politic at Cyprus as at Algiers.
His Death and Character. ib.

More of his Deeds. ib.

A Slave talks to him too freely; and fuf-
fers for it. 5*1 5*

He beats to Death two others. ib.

Baftonado; a cruel Torture. ^16

A Queftion. ib.

Concerning Gallies and their Inhabitants.
An Example let by the Chriftians for
the Barbarians to follow. ib.

Good Algerines in fome Parts of Ame-
rica. A difmal Object for tender-
hearted People. 5-17

Boatfwains in abundance. Rafcally Do-
ings, ib.

Slaves attempt an Efcape. 5-18

They mifcarry ; and fome are banged
and others executed by Arab Ahamed.

Ramadam Sardo. Made Bafha of Al-
giers. His Extraction ; with Part of
his Character. 5-20

Exploits of his again ft the Spaniards, in
the Kingdom of Tunis. ib.

How beloved by the Algerines. 5*21

The Sultan obliges them. ib.

A Galeot of Algiers artfully efcapes
fome Chrijlian Gallies. 5-22

Warlike Preparations of the new Bajha.

ib.

He marches to Fez, and eafily gains his
Point. ib.

Don Sebajlian. 5-23

The Bajha and his People mod liberally

rewarded for their good Offices done

to the Sharif. ib.

Regret of the Algerines at the Removal

of this good Bajha. Obfervations on

an impartial Span : Jh Clergyman, ib.
Ramadam Sardo is fucceeded by his very

Antipode. ^24

What that Author farther fays of that

Bajha. ib.

He is made Bajha of Tunis. ib.

Tokens of the Sultan's great Regard to

his Merit. ib.

Injunctions laid on him by the Sultan ;

but which were never put in Execution.

* J 2 *

The Algerines greatly diflatisfied with

their Bajba, again {tickle to have Ra-
madam Sardo ; who politicly declines
what he longs for. ib.

The Captain-Bajhd's great Power.

$26

Fact ions jCL Algiers, ib.

Ramadam Sardo returns to Algiers, feem-
ingly to execute the Sultan's Orders.
He is received as a Saint ; and upon
what Account. ib.

Hajfan Bajhd's Umbrage at his Arrival.

f*7

Ramadam Sardo, difappointed, retires to

the Levant. More of his Character.

ib.
Story of a wicked Renegado. fiS

He lands near Cadiz. ib.

Is rep ill fed, forced to quit Prize, and
feized with his Galeot and whole
Crew. -Put to Death. 5-29

Captivity of a Greek Trader. ^3

Villanous Indications againli that Inno-
cent, ib.
Haedo forgets himfelf, ib.
London-Mob. Who they are like. 5-31
Iniblence of Renegadoes, blinded witli
Zeal and Revenge. ib.

A Spanijh

CONTENTS.

A Spani/h Father in great Danger. 5-32
Parallel between former Times and the
prefent, in regard to Renegadoes at
Algiers. ib.

What Opinion the Turks entertain of
them. The Advantage of natural
Turks over thofe Turn Coats , even
when in Authority. An Inftance of

it.
Money

collected for inhuman

The Tragedy.

Story of a cruel Corfair.

His Slaves rife in the Galeot.

He is murdered.

A warm Conflict. Gold and

Ends.

*34
tb.

ib.

S3S

tb.

Silver

fend fome deeper than they cared to
go. ib.

Bravery mull yield to Numbers. 536

A Renegadoe's Revenge upon the Ailaf-
fines of liis Patron.- The Particulars
of this Tragedy. ib.

Rational Difcourfe oiheCat>!ain-BaJha.

.5-38

A Favourite of the Author's talks notfo
rationally. 539

Killing goes by Favour. What intitles
Men to Canonization in fome Parts.

5"4

A notable Tragedy managed by Mirif-
coes, by Way of Retaliation. ib.

SuccelTes and daring Vanity of a Morifco
Corfair. Is captivated and feized by
the Inquifitors. 5-41

Meaning known by Gaping. tb.

Impoffibilities demanded, nay infilled up-
on- 543

Tidings fatal to an Innocent. ib.

A Martyr for a ConfefTor. 5*44

Revenge fweeter than Intereft. /,

A Bridle propofed for the Inquifitors of

Spain by the Inquifitors of Barbary.

What Flep is deareft there. 545*

Dangerous to fpeak in Behalf of Chri-

fiians in Barbary, upon certain Occa-

iions. An Inftance of it. 5*48

The Victim's Drefs defcribed. In what

London and Algiers referable each o-

ther. 549

A chief Mourner's Behaviour. tb.

A good Turn done undefignedly. 5-5-0
Zeal taken Notice of. ib.

Relics preferved. ib.

How they make Beards in Portugal, ib.
And redrefs Grievances, upon fomeOc-

.cafions. What may be wondered at.

CHAP. XIV.

Basha XIX. XX. Hassan Basha, Venedic j a Renegado Vene-
tian : The firft Time of his Adminiftration. Jafer Aga,
Majar : A Eunuch Renegado Hungarian. 551

HAJfan Bajha. His Origin and Cap-
tivity. 551
A Sketch of his untoward Dilpofition.

He obtains the Bajhaltc of Algiers ; and
fets out. A Confpiracy of certain
Renegadoes. ib.

Their Scheme. 353

The Devil does Mifchief. ib.

The Plot difcovered, and fome Crimi-
nals feized. 5-5-4

Mabomtt reviled by a fuffering Martyr.

ib.

Hacdo's Doabt concerning two other
Martyrs. Some Delinquents pardon-
ed, ib,

Inftances of the new Bajhd's wayward
Humour. He is Jack of all Trades ;
and takes fome bold Steps. 5-5-5-

And is a very unfair Merchant. 556

Ways and Means to get Slaves. tb.

Other Ways t)f turning the Penny. 5-57

What a Sattton fays to him. ib.

Some Account of the brave Morat Rats.

ib.

Hajfan Bajha at the Baleares. 55-9

4 In

CONTENTS.

In what the Algerines are his Debtors.

job

Exemplary Love and more than paternal
Indulgence of the Captain-Bajha, in
regard to this unworthy Renegado.
Jafer Aga appointed his Succeffor. 5-61

Morat Rais carries off two of the Pope's
Gal lies. 5*62

Many hopeful Priejls, &c. fwap one
Thraldom for another. ib.

Hajfan Bap a removed. ib.

A great Dearth. 5*63

Hajfan Bajhd's farther Character, ib.

How he made himfelf Matter of feveral
remarkable Slaves. D. M. Cervantes,
a notable Spaniard. ib.

A well-laid Scheme fpoiled. 5*64

A Traytor. ib.

Farther Account of Cervantes. f6f

How he was dreaded by Hajfan Bajha.

ib.

A wicked Slave helps Morat Rais to a
Prize. 5-66

That Villain poniarded by two Renega-
do es. ib.

Their tragical End ; and upon what Ac-
count, ib.

Other Executions. 5-67

Slaves attempt and bravely obtain thctr
Liberty. tb.

Some of them recovered ; and the Ring-
leader put to Death. 5-6$

A narrow Efcape. 5-69

Origin and farther Character of Jafer
Aga, the new Bapa of Algiers. ib.

Inftances of his great Humanity, Ariel:
Juftice and other rare Qualities. 5*70

A dangerous Conlpiracy againft his Life.

57 r
Discovered, and the chief Traitors pu-

nifhed. , ib.

A Merchant turns his Penny to good
Purpofe. . 571

Arrival of the Captain-Bajha, and his
Bufinefs. ib.

His unjuft Dealing with Jafer Aga. ib.

His Difference with the Militia of Al-
giers, ib.

A Caution given the Sultan concerning

him.

A good. Prize taken by Morat Rais.
The Turkijh Admiral recalled, to

Mortification.
Is even with the Algerines.
Of our firft Trade in the Mediterranean,

with other Particulars. 574

5*73
ib.

his

ib.

CHAP. XV.

Basha XXI. XXII. Hassan Basha, Venedic : The fecond and
laft Time of his Adminiftration. Mem mi Basha, Arnaud :
An Albanian. Some Particulars relating to our Affairs in
thofe Parts. 57 $

HAJfan Bajha again arrives at Algiers,
ib.
Morat Rais fnaps up a Spanijh Galley.

576"
What the Bajha fays of him. ib.

Hajfan Ba/hd's Sea Expedition. ib.

His Succeffes. 5*77

Methods obferved with Sellers of their
Country. ib.

He miffes a good Booty. ib.

But brings from Spain more than 2000

Morifcoes ; and returns in Triumph.

578
His Pafs to an Engli/h Merchant. ib.

His final Removal from Algiers. <yp
Made Bajha of Tripoly, and afterwards
Captain-Bajha. His" End. ib.

Origin of Memrni Bajha. ih.

Sent to Algiers,^ Vice Roy. His Qua-
lities. 580
A Letter to him from Sir Edward Of-
borne. ib.
* * Notes

CONTENTS.

Notes concerning the Trade, &c. of
Algiers, about that Time. j"8i

Q. Elizabeth's Letter to the Grand Sig-
nor. fa

The Grand Signor's Orders to the Vice-
Roys of Barbary, in Favour of our
Nation. 584

Extract of a Letter, relating to Algiers^

Another on the fame Subject. 5^6

Bravery of fome Engli(h\ with an In-
stance of Juftice in Memm's Bajha. 5-87

Morat Rais ventures on the Ocean as
far as the Canaries. What he fays to
his Pilot. j88

Takes a confiderable Booty from one
of thofe Iflands, and fets up a Market
in his V effete. 5-89

Is way-laid by a Spanijh Fleet ; but bilks
the Dons. ib.

Memmi Bujha removed. His Genero-
fity to his exacting Succeilbr. ^oo

His good Character* ib.

CHAP. xvi.

Basha XXIII. XXIV. Ahamed Basha. Hidir Basha; the

firft Time of his Adminiftration. Both Turks. 5 90

AHamed Bajha arrives. ib.

Some of his Qualities. 5-91

A Sea Expedition of his. ib.

He efcapes a Scouring. 5-92

Account of the State of Sea Affairs in
^Mediterranean in thofe Days. ib.
Removal, and farther Character of Aha-
med Bajha. $-94
Hidir Bajha arrives Vice-Roy. S9S
Morat Rais quits his Company at Sea,
becaufe they were not ib raft as him-
felf. And takes a Prize. tb.
Determines, in a (ingle Galedt to fall on a
Maltefe Galley. His Harangue. 5-96
A Reward profiled. 597
Sayings co, cerning this bold CorfW.
He carries his Point. ib.

ib.
ib.

And fnaps up another Prize.

Honours done him at Algiers.

Commotions in Tnpoly, with other Par-
ticulars, not very remote from the
Purpofe. J98

War with Bent- Abbas. 5-99

Thofe Affairs foccinSly related. 600

Lofs of two Aixerme Galeots. ib.

Parallel between two great Corfairs.

601

A parting by Content, ib.

Txrk.Jb Cap:ives efcape from Naples, ib.

Lofs of certain Chriftian Gallies, and
Altering Galeots. 602

A Galeotof Algiers taken. 604

Hidir Bajhd's Removal and Character.
This Bajhalic dwindles. ib.

CHAP. XVIL

Basha XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. Shaaban Basha.

Mustafa Basha. -Hidir Basha j the fecond Time.

Mustafa Basha, again. All Turks. 605

SHaaban Bajha arrives. 6of

A Deputation from the Militia to
the Suita. ib.

Algertne Deputies flighted at the Porte.

The new Bajha y s good Management.

ib.

A terrible Hurrican. ib.

Lampedjfa, a final 1 Ifland: A common
Azyittm. 607

Morat Rais directed by his Fortune"
Books to the taking two Chriftian Gal*
lies. ib*

CONTENTS.

He joins the Ottoman Fleet in Calabria.
Mifchiefs done there. 608

Dons crow by themfelves. ib.

More Priies taken by Morat Rah. ib.

His unprecedented Prefumption. 609

For which he is near paying very dearly.

ib.

But bravely fights five Maltefe Gallies,
one by one, in his own Galeot, and
has a mod fortunate Efcape. 610

Sbaaban Bajha removed His Character, ib.

Is Succeeded by Muftafa Ba/ha, ib.

Hidir Bajha again. The Degeneracy or*

thofe Times. 611

ijooo Ducats unjuftly extorted by this

Bajha from his Predeceflbr. ib.

Muftafa Bajha again. 612

He repays himfelf at the Rate of Cent.

per Cent. ib.

The Author takes Leave of his faithful

Guide Haedo. 613

CHAP. XVIII.

Some 'Particulars relating to the Algerine Cor fairs ; and their
Naval Strength {then confifting folely in RowVeJfels) at and
before the Time when they began to build Ships, 613

BU T ftill makes Ufe of certain of
his Materials, very much to his Pur-
pofe. viz. An exact Account of the
Naval Affairs of the Algerines about
that Time. 613

Kul-Oglou, what it fignifies. Renegadoes
how called by the Turks. 6iy

Continuation of the foregoing Subject.

ib.
A ridiculous Mujfulman Fable. 120

Scrupulous Nicety of the Algerines at
Sea. ib.

A Boaft ufed by .them while they had Gal-
lies, &c. ib.

Their Sea-Oeconomy continued. ib.

Story of a blundering Prieft, a knavifh
Turk and a Renegado, who, tho' in-
nocent, fared fcurvily. 622

More relating to Sea Affairs. 624

CHAP. XIX.

The Trogrefs of their Sea- Affairs, till the Mifcarriage of Sir
Robert Manfel, in his Attempt upon their Ships, &c. in the
"Port. 627

SPaniJh Fleet takes a View of Algiers ,
and away. ib.

An Omiflion inferted. Rare Diving, ib.
Some Effects of the Expulfion of the
AAorifcoes. 628

A remarkable Letter concerning the
growing Power of the Algerines. 629
French Fleet fuccefsful againft them. 63 1

Advice given in at the Council-Board,
by Sir IV. Monfon, relating to an At-
tempt upon Algiers. 632

The Author's Remarks on the preceding
Dilcourfe. 636

Farther Obfervations of that Admiral;
with fome Remarks thereon. 637

CHAP.

CONTENTS.

CHAP. XX.

Extract from a Journal of the fruitlefs Expedition againft Algiers,
under the ConducJ of Sir Robert Manfel, Vice- Admiral of Eng-
land. With other *P articular s and Occurrences. 642

WHAT is faid of this Expedition by
Mr. Secretary Burcbett. 648

Another Obfervation of his. 649

Sir R. Manfel'' % Letter concerning his

Exploit. ib.

Gallantry of four young EngUJhmen.

6fz
A notable Story of John Rawlins and

fome others. 65-4

Letter from our Ambaflador at the Hague

concerning the Algerines. 660

Rebellion at Algiers fupprefled, and the

Authors punifhed. 661

Algerines take Advantage of the Grand

Signor's Troubles, and commit many

Diforders. 662

Unfortunate Adventure of four French

Cadets. 664

Reciprocal Courtefies praflifed between

the French and Algerines when in Al-

liance. 665

Other Exploits of the Algerines under

General AH Pichinin. 666

Venetians violate a Port of the Grand

Signor's. 667

Deftruction f fixteen Barbary Gallies

there. 668

The Grand Signor gets Money by it.

His kind Offer refufed by AH Pichinin.

669
Commotions at Algiers ; and why. ib.
A wicked Ifelander. 670

Naval Strength of Algiers. ib.

AH Pichinin's iharp Rencounter with a

brave Dutchman. 6ji

Some farther Particulars relating to AH

Pichinin. 673, & fcq.

Articles of Peace, b?c. with Algiers y

Tunis and TW/w/y, ftill in Force.

NAMES

Names of Subscribers &c. who have the First Volume.
Thofe with this * Mark prefixed, have Subfcribed

for this Volum e. N. B. The Author went not

much upon the Hunt? this Bout.

Royal Taper.

LOrds of the Admiralty. Patrons. "^ 7 Books : 1 Returned.
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1 William

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The fe are all the Names hitherto ^come to Hand, The Owners are
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Encouragers? And many real Encouragers, who have actually paid their
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make 100 Sheets, to a Page 3 the very utmoft we ever pretended to pro-
mife j tho' it is a Subject, on which much more might have been faid, and
very much to the Purpofe*

; l .a o 2 a u 2 \v?3maM

The moil material E r r a t a are as follow , which the Reader is defired

to correct, viz.

In Vol. I.

Page 21 r. r. Sicoation. p. 217. in the Note, r. Philip I. p. 301. /. 27. r. call that Cape
iv 319 / 31. r. 17x6. p. J49- & 7- r - 400- P 35 2 - dele tnc whole Note.

Voi.n.

Ia the Letter to Efq; -p. 2. /. 12. r. as fince. p. 4. /. 16. r. fix. p. 6. /. 14.

from the Bottom, r. Indefatigability. p. 8. /. \o. from the Bottom, dele eft. p. 9. /. 9. r.
Hermofijjimos.

P. 356. /. 16. r. Town. p. 373. /. 26. after befides, add 5000 Black Slaves, p. 414. /. 3.
from the Bottom, r. following, p. 416. /. 2. from the Bottom, r. abou Macron, p. 420.
/. 12. from the Bottom, dele At the Bombardment of the Goletta. p. 423. /. 22. dele having,
p. 467. in the Note, r. P. 264, iff feq. 307. p. 474. /. 7. from the Bottom, r. they. p. 482.
/. 2. r. had. 7/i. 1. 20. r. who. i2/V. in the Note, r. Lives, p. 486. /. 9. from the Bottom,
r. very little, p. cot. /. 1 i. " In 1580. fays tlaedo, when I faw him at Algiers, he was aged

" feventy two. He had no IfTue, i$c. " Ibid. 1. 22. r. To conclude our Account for

the prefent, &V. p. 517. /. 3. from the Bottom, r. increafes. p. 541. /. 6. from the Bottom..
dele in. p. 560. in the Note, r. Vol. 1. p.578. /. 14. from the Bottom, r. luoge. p. 585.
/. 19. r. follow, p. 595. /. 15. r. above.' p. 604. /. 3. from the Bottom, r. dwindled.
p. 605. r. Chap. XVII. p. 617. /. 1. r. there was. p. 622. /. 13. r. be not. Ibid. 1. 24. r.
Carapartal. p. 626. Oppofite to Banks on a Side, 18. r. 10.

The Following is sr genuine Letter^ wrote, by the Author of this Work,
to one of his earlieft Subfcribers, who earneftly infilled, that it fhould in-
troduce this Volume^ andavering, that none could reafonably take Excep-
tion againft it but fuch as found the Saddle actually fitting their own
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at leaft, of this Impreflion may live) it would be fomewhat of a Curiofity,
to Pofterity, to know the State of Subfcriptions, in thefe prefent Times.
With all due Deference and Submiffion to our Benefactors, and all other
generous, public-fp irked Perfons, we humbly hope, that no Part of it
will, by them, be taken for what fome pleafe to term it j viz. Bullying
Folks into a Subfcription. It was never intended for fuch ; but merely by
Way of Complaint (one might as well have whittled) of real ill Ufage :
Notwithstanding all which, not a Syllable more of it fhould ever have
feen the Light, had not the unaccountable Ufage, mentioned in its 1 $tb
Page, urged it from us 3 not that we believe it has wrought any very
great Effect.

T O

Efq;

Worthy Sir,

BEGGING Pardon for my NeglecT: of your well-intended
Injunction, that I fhould put in Print the Letter I did my
felf the Honour of writing to you, early in "January laft,
juft upon the Publication of my Firft Volume of this Work, as
thinking it, you laid, not to concern your felf alone; I now, on
fecond Thoughts and frelh Occafions, lend you the Following ;
hoping that, notwithstanding the Alterations and Additions, you
will deem it no lefs worthy the Perufal of others, as well as your
own, than you thought fit to do what I then wrote. If it meets
your Approbation, it mail be prefixed to the Second Volume;
which, mal-gre all Dilcouragements, is preparing for the Prels.

You may remember I acquainted you, how great was my Sa-
tisfaction, after all the Rubs and Difficulties I had met with, at
my then having it in my Power to do what I had long thought
it high Time to perform ; viz. To let my kind Encouragers (the
generous, public-ipirited Few) have at leaft lomething for their
Money. Not that they had been lb unrealbnably long out of it
as lbme are pleafed to imagine it becomes them to keep their Sub-
fcribers ; it being, at that Time, barely a Year from the Appear-
ance of my fixfttpropofals: Not to enter now upon the viler, fname-
lels Article of Books, in nubibus, Propofed by Subfcription ; which,
as they never do, were never defigned to appear at all ; tho' I can-
not help adding, that I have often wondered, that not the leaft
Cognizance was ever taken of fuch flagrant Knaveries, while our
American Colonies Iwarm with far modeller Delinquents.

I, like wile, told you, that were I a Magiftrate, and to inflicl:
what Punifhment I pleafed on lbme fad Fellow, againft whom I

A had

[]

had a perfonal Pique, it ftiould be to fend, thro* this unencouraging
Town, the poor Varlet a Sub/crip ion-Hunting : And you may have
found in my Preface, p. x. Mention made of a whimfical Trea-
tife, upon that very Topic, which I ftill referve in petto , tho' I
have poftponed it, in order to be inferted in a Mifcellaneous Jp-
pendix, among many curious and uncommon Oddities, which none
are capable of giving but my felf, and wherewith I defign to oblige
the Public , ftill provided I find Encouragement mend upon my
Hands. With the laid Pamphlet (which would have communi-
cated to you, and all who took Pains to perufe it, leveral Oc-
currences immediately relating to your humble Servant, as well
before or fince his commencing Sub/cription-Hunter) I intended to
have clofed my Firfl Part of this Hiftory : But reflecting, how
incongruous an Interruption fo ludicrous a Tract muft have been
to a grave Difcourfe, and for lome other Reafbns, I referve it
for a Place where it may more properly be introduced ; tho' the
Purchafers were defired not to bind their Volume till its Pub-
lication.

Therein, if it ever comes to Light, you will meet with many
(curvy Rencounters, I had with People of all Degrees : And were
it one tenth Part Co fafhionable to name Names as it is to do dirty
Actions, one might eafily furnifh a Lift of unmannerly Churls,
who might count Nofes even with that remarkably numerous
Band of Encouragers, prefixed to a certain lately-publifhed and
long-expected Book. Some are Fortune's Favourites.

Recufants, innumerable, tho* of different ClafTes, you will find
I have engaged, while, in my almoft fruitlefs Trampoojtngs in Search
of proper Helps and Encouragement, I traverfed more Ground
than from hence to Japan , acting all the while very much the
Part of a common Strumpet, or rather of the Devil, roaming
about to leek whom I could devour. The Cautious, the Super-
cilious, the Unknowing, the Diffident, the Unreading, the Incurious,
the Penurious and ibmetimes even the ill-bred Injurious, with
Multitudes of unintelligible, heterogeneous Mortals of every Spe-
cies and Gender : And yet the Murrain of it is, that, generally
lpeaking, they all look and drefs like other People of more Gene-
rofity, better Breeding, endowed with brighter and politer Con-
ceptions. Several of my real Friends, indeed, tell me, that it is
doing fuch Folks too much Honour eyen to take Notice of them :
Truly, to many of them, fo it is.

But

C 3 3

But none excited my Irafcibility fo vehemently as did two Sorts
of Men (for as to the Ladies I have been very little troubleibme
to them in this Affair ; it being lomewhat out of their Way) both
which I am utterly at a Lofs to divine what Gender they are of:
I mean the inliifferable Forgetful, and the ftill more infiifferable
Confederers. The firft of this Sort of good Gentlemen have, un-
asked, asked for and demanded my good ^Propo/als, and pocketed
them by Half-Dozens and by Dozens, with lerious and formal
Promifes of rendering a very good Account of them; when, at
fucceeding Interviews, the beft Account I could get from the
Majority was, that my Papers were given away to liich as would
tfake them, and, they liippofed, made UJe of: And as to any Pro-
mife, they remembered no other than, that they would difperfe them
among liich as wanted. Now I could have wifhed thofe worthy
Gentlemen had let me know their Occafions for Wajl-Qaper ; (ince
I both could and willingly would have lupplied their NeceJJities at
a much cheaper Rate ; even had I carried out, daiiy, my Sides
and Pockets fluffed on Purpofe for their nafty UJes } feeing they To
readily forget to endeavour the applying them to any better Ufe.
Thefe I call the Forgetful '$ as not having, at prelent, a proper
Epithet for that Set of Gentry : And they really and apparently
feem to be very defective in their Memories.

The others, viz. the Conjiderers, are a Body of Sparks who are
a confounded long while before they can prevail with their felves
to know their own Minds : And, by what Experience I have had,
I look upon this Clais to be exceflively numerous. When any of
them are accofted, upon liich Bufinefs as mine was with them,
their Reply is, " Sir ; I'll confider on't ; if you pleafe to call an-
" other Morning, you fhall have an Anfwer. Mighty well, Sir."
Alter a Dozen or a Score Times Trudging for that Anfwer, per-
haps the Petitioner is at length admitted, and told, that the Reliilt
of all that long-winded Confederation is to have maturely weighed
and confidered, that thefe Conjiderers have nothing at all to fay
to him.

Now, this and the reft may, for ought I know, be looked up-
on, here in England, as good Breeding and Gentleman like Beha-
viour : But this I am certain of, any Step that Way tending would
be far otherwile thought of at Algiers, and in feveral other Parts
of the World, where I have been. Every Region has its Pe-
culiarities. Some of our captious Won 'd-be-Brights may, perhaps,

A 2 be

I 4]_

be affronted at thefe Words; as fancying I am about to introduce
the Alger ines, and other Southern tfranfmarines as Models of Cour-
tefy and Good-Manners, in Competition with their own precious
Selves, who difdain to acknowledge any Equals, and would efteem
it an unpardonable Injuftice and Indignity offered, not to allow
them to be the very Standards of Urbanity. In Return whereto
I lay, that if even the Savage Hottentots had a conciler and more
genteel Way of evading the Importunities of a troublefbme Suitor,
whom they had no Mind to ferve, or gratify, than that abomi-
nable one of making him dance Attendance, to no Manner of
Purpofe, I ihould be mighty apt to give my Verdict, for thole very
Savages, and to own their Method, how blunt foever it happened
to be, if not the politer at leaft, by far the honefter and more
eligible.

In many Parts both of the Chrijlian and Mahometan World,
fhould you affix a precile Meeting with any one, who was not a-
bundantly your Inferior, and not come punctually or lend timely
and very fatisfactory Reafons for that Omiffion, you would infal-
libly bring an Affair upon your Hands, the Confequences whereof
might prove very fatal. Little would it avail to alledge, you for-
got the Appointment ; and lels to offer to lay, you never once
thought of it after. . Yet here nothing fo common and umal :
Nay, I believe it really to be a Piece of the Mode ; for, furely,
I find fbmewhat much refembling it (if Breach of grave Promifes
is like it) wonderfully in Uie among Perfbns who are the very
Pink of the Mode itlelf

How fiiperlatively preferable to thofe Conjjdering and Short-Me-
moried Gentry, in their Dealings, (as far as I had. any Dealings
with them) did I not deem all the reft of my Repuliers, even to
a Man ! Nay, as for the Cautious and the Non-Readers I am, and
all along was in perfect Chriftian Charity with them ; notwith-
ftanding I could not ever dilcover in the whole Clan one who
had the leaft Propenfion to do handfbmely. I only wifhed thofe
had been pleafed to entertain more favourable Sentiments of
my Veracity, and Capacity (lor I fancy both were often enough
called in Queftion) and that theje had thought fit to have loved
Reading better. How could I, in any Conicience, take it amiis
to be gain/aid by People who afTured me, very courteoufly, and,
to all Appearance, very fincerely, that ib many knavifh Tricks
had been played them, by Varlets of a like Profeffion with my

S> own.

[ 5 ]

own, that they were, unalterably, determined never to be taken in
again by any of us ? What Reply could I make to this ? Did not
a noble Lord, whole Name helps to adorn my Icanty Lift, actually
profer me Subfcription-Receipts, which coft him fixty Pounds, for
fixty Pence ? But as I had more Manners than to take his Lord-
fhip at his Word, I certainly let flip a good Bargain ; for lbme of
the Books are already come to Light, and others may chance to
appear , at the long Rttn.

Then again ; how, in the Name of Goodnels, could I reafonably
expect Chaps, or Cuftomers ibr my Wares, among Folks who
iwear delperately, they never ran over ten Leaves of any Sort of
Hiitory, throughout the whole Courfe of their Lives ? Think you
of it whatever you pleafe, Sir, I could not have the Confidence,
after that, to advance a Syllable, or even to caft a Glance, as if I
had any iuch Defire. What Sholes are there not daily to be feen
about Comhill, and Parts adjacent, who fcruple not to atteft, that
they leldom, or never, read a Word of any Thing, but Letters of
Bufinefs and News-Papers ? Some, indeed, have added, and the
Bible and other Good Books : Yet, Egad, a great many of them talk
fmart and fluently enough, within their own Depth; and, as
I am alive, carry, methinks, near as much Sagacity in their Coun-
tenances as if they had a Tafte for Literature, and emploied lels
of their Time and Thoughts upon Stock-Jobbing, and other Money-
getting Projects.

Among this laft Ciais of thriving Men, nothing in Nature would
fet a-float this Book of mine but a War with the Jlgerines. On
fuch a not-to-be-wiihed-for Occalion, it is more than likely, they
might have lomething of a Curioiity to know, what Sort of auda-
cious, gracelels Scoundrels had the Impudence lb to play the Devil
with their Eilates : And yet that is nothing but what they have
too often done to our Traders, with a Vengeance, as many ftill
living may remember ; lbme of them not quite without Occafion.
I am lure, I meet with abundance, and they none of the worft
Judges, who make not the leait Difficulty . of allowing the People
I treat of to be a Crew of very merry Fellows, who will give
themlelvesAirs and be refpected; and whole Hiftory is well worth
knowing : And, indeed, I thought to have found abundance more
of the very fame Opinion ; but am come off fhort in my Calcu-
lation. What Account can be given for People's Tafte, or what
better can be expected where the | moil ridiculous Trafh> and no-
thing elie, will go down ! Far

c n

Far was I from imagining, at my firft taking it into my Head
to let about this Performance, that I fhould have been ib terribly
put to my Stumps, in the Prolecution of my ufeful, nay laud- '
able Undertaking. Little did I than dream, Good Sir, that when
you and other well-difpoled Gentlemen, adorned with the Spirit
of Mec&nas, readily, and with a good Grace, came into my Mea-
fiues, and try (led me with a Firji-^aymetit (feveral of you even
while the whole Scheme was a mere Embryo) I then little thought,
1 fay, that you were all heaping on me ib mighty an Obligation
as rueful Experience has fince demonftrated. I had then the Va-
nity and Credulity to fancv, that, as I was about to exhibit a Piece
of genuine Hiftory, which the Reading Part of the Nation in ge-
neral wanted, which few Men, perhaps, in Europe were more ca-
pable of doing, in all its Branches, than my lelf, and of which one
might have believed every Perfbn of any tolerable Curiofity, this
Way, would have been fond, the only Favour you were doing me
was your early entering my Lift, when defired, merely becaufe
you fuppofed your Money would not be very badly bellowed,
and becaufe you were not willing your Names mould be wanting
amidft fb much good Company as, it was probable, would follow
your Example. This was all I then thought of the Matter : But,
alas ! I have fince met w r ith many Hundreds, and People of pro-
mifing Afpe&s too, who, I am fure, had I been fb put to it, would
as fbon have Bailed me as have heard a Word of Suhfcribivg :
And, really, moft I have picked up have been, I may fafely ven-
ture to fay, actually got out of the Fire, by downright Dint of
Infatigability.

Would not you, or any other reafbnable Perfon, readily con-
cur, that one who meddles with Affairs of this Nature muft have
enough to do in the Compilation of a Work worthy better than
mere vulgar Reading ; and that he needs not the additional Fa-
tigue of hawking about, in every Corner of the Town, in Search
of what he cannot well proceed without ; viz. Anticipating Pur-
chafers ? Ought he not rather to be in his Study, (or the Place he
terms fuch) regulating his Manujcripts, attending the Vifits of his
Printer's Devi/, correcting the ^Proofs he brings, and ever prompt
to fiipply him with Parcels of carefully-reviled Copy ? This is, po-
fitiveiy, the incumbent Duty of every Author, who defigns to
launch out into the World, with any ProfpecT: of Reputation.
Again ; Will you not agree with me, that it muit,v infallibly, in-

hance,

[ N

hancc, or rather indeed aggravate the Fatigue of one fb put to k T
even to the debafing and unbrightening his Intellects, to be almoft
pofitive, every time he turns out to go upon the Hunt, for one he
lights on of fuch People as he wants, to fall in among whole
Droves of the before-ipoken-of multifarious Recujants, to the very
beft-natured of all whom he may, to juft as much Purpofe, fing^
c PJalms to a Horle, as talk to them of Suhfcribing ? Yet many of
them I have known to be good-temper'd Perfbns, upon molt other
Occafions ; and are pleafant and fbciable enough while no Motion
is made them of lending a Hand to Folks who move in a Sphere
different from thole where their Gout lies : If you do that, you
perceive an immediate Diftortion in all the Mufcles of their till
then fmiling Countenance.

As all this I advance not by bare Hear-fay, but Expe-
rimentally, you will not wonder at my being heartily out of
Love with the Trade, Occupation, or what you pleale to call
i^ which I have taken up for feveral Months paft : Nay, and
to that Degree, that I cannot, tho* I own it a Weaknefs, but ac-
knowledge the Indifferency of my Stomach to meddle with it any
farther, and that it often creates in me a Peevifhnefs fb undifguife-
able, that the Effects thereof vifibly appear in my very Writings,,
wherein I am, eve'ry now and then, but too prone to break out
into fome wayward, acrimonious Flights, which feveral tell me I
had better have fmothered ; and I am fometimes apt enough to
join with them in their Opinion ; tho' it is I alone, and not they,
who have the Provocation.

Now, it is great Odds, if fome one or other, into whofe Hands
this may come, does not, by Way of Animadverfion on fome of
the preceding Paragraphs, ftart ill-natured Queftions, to the fol-
lowing Tenor ; viz. " Why was not all the Copy ready beforehand ?
" Why mould the ^Propojals be exhibited till the Work was fit to
" put to Prefs ? " Humph J Why, truly, thole are very fhrewd
and not impertinent Queries, and to which I could give feveral
unanfwerabk Anfwers, were it very requifite for me to impart all
my Reafons and Motives for my fb doing to every one who is
inquifitive enough to make fuch clofe Interrogations : But, as
fome particular ones are, perhaps, referved to be communicated
only to fiich as I am very well acquainted with, my general
Reply is, I was in Hopes Matters would have run more fwim-
mingly, as they fay ; andj conlequently, I fhould have been fuf-
X ficiently

I 8 ]

ficiently at Leifare to have compleated, in due Time, every Ar-
ticle of what was intended and propoled : But, as it happened, I
reckoned without my Hojl. Nay, lbme actually have asked me
thofe very Queftions; and I have anfwered according to my Ac-
quaintance with, or rather Opinion of the Perfbns who gave their
ielves that Trouble : For the Inquifitivenefs of ibme is with an
apparent View of infulting thofe whom they think lit to interro-
gate. I will give you an Inftance.

One Spark, whole external Furniture was much better than his
Internal, gravely asked me before other Company ; Whether my
Pen was my .whole Dependance? Tho' I feldom, or never, make
a Secret of what I am rather forry for than afhamed of I did not im-
mediately return a direct Anfwer. When a Moment or two af-
ter, imagining, I prelume, that his mannerly Queftion might re-
quire a ftill clearer Explanation, he would needs know, exprefly,
If I wrote for Bread ? Had lbme certain People been lels bale, or
I lefs credulous, no Goxcomb would ever had any Ground for fuch
Impertinence ; or to have fhaken his empty Noddle, as this Chap
did, upon my gratifying his Curiofity by anfwering affirmatively,

crying, " 'Tis Pity." The real Englijh of which (I read it as

plain as if I had been within him, by the fcornful, fiipercilious
Turn of his Eye) runs in thefe very Words ; " Ah ! Thou art a
" poor, defpicable Wretch indeed ! " In all this you will fay I
a&ed much more of the ^Iain-Dealer than the Politician. But, as
has been hinted, I feldom boggle at owning what has too much
of Truth in it to be made a Jeft of: Fie on all thofe who had
any Hand in occafioning fb unlooked-for a Met amor phofis /

As for that ill-natured Confblation of him who faid ;

Solamen ejl miferis focios habuijje dolor is,

It little afFe&s me ; elfe one need not go far to feek for Brethren
in Affliction, who, as well as your humble Servant, are ready e-
nough, open-mouthed, to exclaim againft their Credulity, and a&-
ing fo like JEJbp's Dog, in letting go the Subftance to catch at a
Shadow. And this is my very Cafe. However, blame me who
will, I ever had a mortal Antipathy to mere Out-Sides : Not that
ones In-Side ought to be left too much expofed ; feeing the Bulk
of Mankind are too apt to crow-over fuch as want their Aflift-
ance.

[p]

Of two Spaniards, I make Mention in a Letter, which, per-
haps, will be in my Appendix, one had as much of my Efteem
as the other had of my Scorn and Contempt. The firft was a
jovial Secular, and his Antipode a fantaftical, beggarly Wou'd-be-
Some-Body.

Our honeft Secular, leaving Company, in order, as he faid, to
go Home and regale himfelf, was asked, What he had for Supper ?
tfengo, Amigos, returned he, Jets Co/as Unity excekntes: Agua, Vino,
Wan, Sal, Ajos y hermojijfmos Rabanicos. i. e. " I have, my Friends,
.".fix very excellent Things: Water, Wine, Bread, Salt, Garlic
H and moft beautiful young Radiihes." How different from this
Truth-ipeaker was the tinfel, vain-glorious Don Baltafar ? Who
after a frugal Dinner of a Couple of Pilchers, a Saliad, a few Olives,
or the like, would conftantly Hand at the Door, picking his Teeth,
with a Lleve el Demonio todos los Faifams, cXc. " The Devil take
a Pheatants for me: They never agree well with my Stomach.
" In the Mind I am in, I'll eat no more of 'em this Twelve-
" Month!"

Now, tho' unmodifhly enough, I am fb far from being of this
vain Puppy's Humour, that I chufe rather to undergo the fcan-
dalous Imputation (fince it is lb counted) of writing for Bread,
than go about to palm upon the World my being fo happy as to
have a more comfortable Dependence, at this prefent Writing, as
the Saying is ; whereas, as I and others have managed, I am left
with only the mortifying Remembrance of once having had a far
better. By Writings far left innocent than mine, abundance get
Bread and fomething elle to it : And becaufe they can do that,
they may write on without Scandal : Tho' that, you will lay, I
have no Bufinefs with.

But why it fhould be deemed liich a Difgrace, lor any induftri-
ous Peribn, to endeavour to rub thro' the World by Means inof-
fenfive and intirely irreproachable, is to me amazing ; fince we all
too, well know, how many bluftering Figure-Cutters we have among
us,whofe All is owing purely to the exquifite Knack they have
of acting the Knave, the Pander, the Sycophant, the Villain.
And yet, dare they not, impunely, look down with an Eye of
Contempt on iiich whole, very Souls fcorn and abhor even the
Thoughts of walking in their Paths !

Yet, notwithftanding this ; mighty Clutter and, B.uftie. I am
making, about :>Honelty and the like, I am almoft all the while,

B molt

[ to ]

moft fehnioujly purloining, from my own proje&ed Hiftory of Sub-
fir ipt ion-Hunting ; which elaborate Treatife^ whenever . it appears,
Ynuft, inevitably, be a confiderabte Sufferer by thefe Caftrations.
In that Comi-Tragic Piece, indeed (juft according to the Hu-
mour I happen to be in) my Defign is to be rather particular than
general : And if, upon Recolle&ion of Paffages and Occurrences,
any one chances there to light on his own Picture, c ?lautus bids me
only tell him ; Indue tibi Tttnkulam hancce y mi Nicobule, cum tarn
fit habilis, & tarn iclonea. Cannot People be ill-natured and nar-
row-fouled, without beirig unmannerly Brutes? iui capita &c.
In the laid EJpiy y I likewife intend, impartially, to touch upon
the truly juft Reafons Gentlemen may have lor their Backward-
pels and Repugnancy to countenance and encourage thole of my
prefent Vocation : Nay and fhall endeavour to detect fome grols
Abufes, which can never be enough condemned and exploded.
Some mean well, others otherwile. But to Bufinefs more imme-
diately regarding my felf.

As to the material Point of, Why I give you Qiece-Meal what
you were put in Expectation fhould come out Complete? This is
another Qiieftion that, indeed, well enough may, nay has been
ftarted. Why, truly, for that Part of -the Story, I had more than
one Reafon. But that which, moil induced me to it (as was ob-
feryed in the Advertifiments) was to convince diffident Surmifers
of my being very much in Earneft \ and not about to treat you
after the ungrateful Manner too frequently pra&iied, to the utter
Difcouragementiif Multitudes of iwell-rdifpofed Patrons of Letters.
This, and becaule, as hinted befcre, I thought much of your be-
ing fo long without ibmething for your Money, were my chief
Reafons for thus breaking in upon the Rules of Cuftom : Not
but we have leveral Cuftoms too icrupuloufly adhered to and, as
it were, idolized.

For my Part, I thought it tf\e faireft Play r to. give the Public
a Tafte of what they were to eocpeb ' 7 being ready to fubmit and
acquielce to the Ceniure of every: competent Critic;; but am, im-
mutably, regardlels of every one who is not effe&ually. and eflen-
tially fuch. Yet, for this Procedure of mine, ibme Folks think
fit to blame me extremely ; more particularly Bookfellers ; as be-
ing a Method contrary to theirs.' Sequels of unpopular Works,
fay they, are leldom or never rrroch coveted. But the plain Eng-
fi/b Meaning of all that, is nothing but what is pretty well to. be
comprehended. Now

[ ]

Now, I had much rather undergo fbme Criticifms, even from
Oafs, who know not what they chatter about, nay, had rather run
the Hazard of having what is publifhed univerfally cried-down,
than to be under the Apprehenfion, at every Corner of a Street,
or Coffee-Room, of being, with a Tweag by the Nofe, peremp-
torily, asked for a non-appearing Book, by fuch as had generoufly
parted with their Quotas towards its Encouragement : All which,
if owing to no other Confideration than the Thoughts of the odd
Figure I fhould cut, I would ftrenuoufly avoid ; as not repofing
any over-great Confidence in the PafTivenefs of my Diipofition ;
even in fb fcurvy a Caufe, wherein I fhould merit not only fiich
but far more leurvy Treatment. Yet I have heard of fbme in a
like Circumltance, ftalking erect, and with an Air of Affurancc,
juft under the Noles of a whole Body of obliging Subfcribers, who,
perhaps, are never likely to fee a Line of what they have already
paid for. Sure, this ought to be made punifhable as the bafefl of
Felony !

A pilfering Scoundrel gets from you what he can ; fo do thefe \
both, very probably, urged by pinching Neceffity. Thefe are
conicious you know them again, whenever they come in your
Way ; the other fancies, or at leaft hopes you do not. Thefe ask
a Favour of you, which you grant \ the other neither asks nor
expects any ; but bites you when Occafion offers, in fbme of your
unguarded Moments ; and if he gets off, in a whole Skin, with
his Pri2e, flatters himlelf with your eternal Ignorance of your In*
jurer : Wheieas the pretended, non-refunding Author's Cafe and
views are quite different. Ergo, in my humble Sentiment, the
profeffed Felon is both the honefter and the modefter Rogue of
the two ; and, conf equently, deierves a milder Chaftifement. Thus
much, for the prefent, by Way of Innuendo^ on thefe Smoak-feUers ;
for whofe Rafcalities many a well-meaning Gentleman has, I am
very fure, been a Sufferer. To return from this DigrefTlon.

I was faying, Fault is found at my giving a Piece of a Book
inftead of one complete. To what has been already hinted, I only
add, that, notwithftanding I do not in the leaft pride my (elf in
the Performance, yet had I been much afhamed of it, and defigned
to fob off the Public with nothing at all but Lies and Nonfenfb,
(which, indeed, now-a-Days beft pafs Mufter) I would have kept
it back till they had it all together, without giving Room for any
Idea of what they were about to purchafe. No : I chofe rather

B 2 to

C n 3

to give a Specimen, as the Volume I publifhed is fcarce any-
other ; and if it carries with it any Pretenfions to Merit, it will
not fail making its Way, in lpite of invidious Detraction.

Some few Blunders excepted (all which fhall be reclined among
the Errata) many Peribns, who are, really, good Judges, affure
me, that I have not the leaft Caufe to be apprehenfive of the Im-
preflion's not going off; iince it is no large one : Or that any one,
who has the leaft Relifh for this Sort of Reading, and purchaies
the Introductory Volume, will fail purchasing the Refidue ; if for
no other Realbn, than becaufe, as the Narrative delcends nearer
to our own Times, it muft, neceflarily, grow more and more en-
tertaining : And, indeed, all that is no other than what I dare
venture to promife.

At the fame Time, I muft be fo ingenuous as to acknowledge,,
that, for mere Want of Leilure, duly and feduloufly to attend and
look-over both Copy and c Proofs } lome Irregularities have been over-
looked (pardon the Qun) which I could wifh had been regulated : .
Not that, at the beft, I am letting up for a very regular, methodical
Writer, or one who either affects or pretends to any Superlative;
Degree of Exaclnefs or Purity in Stile and Diction. Yet 1 meet with ,
none who Scruple at owning, all I meddle with to anlwer fully
enough what they actually are intended for, familiar Narratives.

And as to what regards the Unpopularity of my Subject, all L
fhall here advance is, that, for the Nation's general Advantage, I
moft Sincerely and heartily wifti, we may long continue in the
fame amicable Correspondence with the People I write of as, to,
our no fmall Benefit, we at prefont are ; and that we may not.
have any more Occafion to complain of the Hoftilities, and lament
the Depredations of the Barbary Corfairs, committed on the Tra-
ders of thele mercantile Realms, than we have had for near thefe
laft forty Years: * Thanks to good Management. But Should
they take it into their Fancies once again to come to a Rupture
with us, (a no very unuiual Prank with them) this very Hiftory,
I dare affirm, will become fomewhat popular. Many, undoubt-
edly, will, then, be defirous of being better acquainted with the
Rife, Progrefs, Cuftoms, Morals, Manners, <S?V. of a People, who
will not, by any Means, be hindered from, almoft daily and hourly,

Vide Preface. P. riL

carrying

If f J

carrying off their Effects, and detaining in Bondage Numbers of
their Fellow-Subjects.

As to the reft, I own my real Defign was (at leaft for the pre-
fent). wholly to have ftirled this Letter, and all other Difcourfe of
this plaintive Nature ; as contenting my felf with what Hints and
Intimations had been already given in my Preface ; where ibme,
who mean me w//,.are apt enough to tell me, that their Opinion
is, rather too much than, too .little Notice has been taken of what
fearce merits any Regard at all. But finding, to my no fmall
Surprife, that ibme a&ive Spirits, who, apparently, feem not to
mean me fo very well, when nothing elfe would avail (but that fe
veral candid and impartial Gentlemen had Generofity enough- to
be ftill dropping Expreffions lomewhat favourable concerning the
Part of this Performance that is already come to Light) are think-
ing it worth their while, induftrioufly, to give out that, inftead
of being my lelf the real Author of it,. I only furnifhed a few
Materials, and got them digefted, defeanted and inlarged upon by
ibme learned Pen : And the only Realbn I can learn they aflign for-
tius wife and moft judicious Report is, that, fince I am fo frank
as to acknowledge my never having feen even the Out-Side of a
College,- and quote fo many different Languages, it is humanly
impoflible, I fhould be the Author of fo learned a Piece, as they
are pleafed to term my Introduction^ which, by the Bye, has a'
far better Title to be termed a troubkjbme. Piece. To this, by*
Way of Corroboration, they* add, that my Difcourfe is not at all
equal to my Writings. Merry enough ! Never did I know, till
very lately, that a Man's Intellects depended folely on a Faculty
in Babbling : Or that Univerfity Education alone could capacitate
him to exprefs his Sentiments intelligibly. . Nor are there, it is to
be hoped, many who think fb.

Sure,, thefe ehurlifh Monopolizers might allow one to be good,
for at leaft Something! Have I attempted to invade any one's-
proper Sphere;? Ought not one who means rather well than ill,
who neither is nor ever was any Body's Foe but his own ; who in-
termeddles not with Politics, or any other ticklifh Affairs, that
may give Offence, be liiffered to fcribble on his ufelels Trafh (if
they think it fuch) un-carped at, nay, which is ftill worfe, grofly
belied? Did I, having never feen nor been near . Madagafcar, nor>
even read fcarce any thing of what others have written concerning -
it, once fropo/e the writing a complete Hiftory^ both, ancient and

i modern^

C 14 ]

modern, of that Ifland ? That would, certainly, have been a
Task wholly unequal to my Strength. But it is a hard Cafe, they
will not grant me to know lomething more than ordinary of a
People and Country, wherein and among whom ib much of the
very Prime of my Life has been fquandered away : Would I
could lay to better Purpofe. Does every one's 'Palent lie the fame
Way ? Is it any Manner of Argument, that the Man who can-
not make a Rejxathg-Hatch may not be Workman lufficient to
bungle out a Mou/e^Trap ? Tho* I fhould fcarce undertake a new
Englijb Verfion of Horner ', or to make Hudibras talk elegant Italiati,
it is no Rule I may not be capable of making Vertot or Jldrete
palTably familiar to an Etwlijb Ear, utterly unacquainted with their
original French and Spanijh : Much lels that I cannot write adaptly
of the JlgerineS) after a twenty Years Intercourie with them, and
a greedy poring over molt of what has been tranfmitted to us,
concerning them and their Country, by others, as well in this as
in preceding Ages. And as to the Quotations : Wherein lies the
wonderful Magic (if one will be at the Pains of rummaging for
them) in picking out what will beft anfwer one's Purpofe ? Nor
am I backward, both in my Preface and elfewhere, in fairly and
frankly acknowledging to what Authors I am moft obliged. And,
^ven allowing all thole pitiful Allegations to be Fact, if a Piece
of Work has Merit enough to bear Reading, what imports it who
was the Compiler ? Poor Stuff!

Now, tho' in Return to this mean, ungenerous, nav invidious
Afperfion, I could lay much more, nay produce abundance of
convincing Proofs of the icandalous and notorious Faiiity of its every
Tittle ; yet I ftiall not throw away very many Words upon what
fb manifeftly carries with itfelf its own Anfwer : Tho* I own, this
is attacking me in the Part I leaffc of all dreaded, or expected
Extremely remote from all that, it is well known, that, more
than once, certain Friends have chid me for a too tenacious and
over-weening Self-Sufficiency ; to which I cannot deny my al-
ways having been too unbecomingly addicted, more particularlv
and obftinately lb in all Matters thus immediately within my own
Province.

Notwithftanding which,I would think my felf very highly obliged
to any curious Perfbn, who would and could communicate any
material Embellifhment, to help out ; ftill provided it was ge-
nuine. Nay, I would be exceedingly well pleaied, if any one

would

[ * ]

would fet me right where I happen to be wrong : But none yet
has done me that Favour.

-Si quid novijii reBius ijiis y

Candidas imperti , Jt non, his titer e mecum. Hor.

If any Man can better Rules impart,

I'll give him leave to do't, with all my Heart. Swift.

But who has had more Opportunity of acquainting their felves
with Barbary r and its Affairs, than my lelf ? Not that I glory in
that Part of my Knowledge and Experience. Attack me juft-
ly, and with the naked Truth, and let every one lay and do their
worft. Whatever might be alledged againfl me, none, till now,
ever offered to tax, or rather brand me with a Syllable any way
tending to a mean-fpirited Vanity of this Nature. Little know
they of my Humour, who imagine I fhouid be fond of Fathering
the Dijhings-out of another ; even could I get any learned Man in
the Vein and Humour of complimenting me, gratis, with his La-
bours. And could I afford to entertain a learned Man at Penfion
or Stipend, I am ftrongly difpofed to fancy, that my Thoughts
would have taken a very contrary Turn, and my Cafh have run
in a very different Channel. I fhouid, then, fcarce have gone
about Qropojing by Subjcription \ or have emploied any Money in
gratifying fiich as wrote what was to go in my Name. And that
which I am next going to fay, is what, upon any other Occafion
than this, I fhouid fcorn to mention : Inftead of what has been ib
baiely infinuated, nay afferted, I could very readily produce ieve-
ral Pieces, of my own tranflating, blended among the Works of
others and in their Names ; whereas, at the fame Juncture, I thus
openly challenge and defy all Mankind, to bring out any one
Thing, with my Name affixed to it, wherein I had the AfHitance
of even a fingle Paragraph. And as to that idle, ftupid - Animad-
verfion, of any one's Incapacity to deliver his Mind, in properTerms,
without being notably well verfed in fcholaftic Literature, I am
fure, that I am not the only Perfon who laughs at it : Nor can I
help adding, that, certainly, no Man of any tolerable Ideas and
Conceptions would be a great Gainer, in exchanging them for mere
Scholarfhip, as they call it : And, for my own Part of the Story,
I muft frankly confefs, that I fhouid be fomewhat loth to forego

i- the

the fuperficial Smatterings, I have picked up by Rote, in fome
other Languages, to become one of the profoundeft Greek Pedants
An Europe. Thefe are all the Replies I think requifite to advance
aipon this Topic ; tho' it is but too apparent, that thefe fcanda-
lous Reports have done me an Injury among certain Perlbns, from
whom I might, reafbnably, have expeded feme Countenance.

lam, &c.

To fill up the Blank, having finifhed my Epijile^ I make bold
to borrow the following Lines from one of our late Firft-Rate
'Wits. Indeed, that noble Earl wrote purely to pleafe and eafe
himfelf. His "Needs and mine differ, as much as our Rank and
"Talents.

Perhaps, ill Writings ought to be confined,
In mere Good-Breeding, like unfav'ry Wind,
Were Reading forc'd, I fhou'd be apt to think
Men might no more write fcurvily, than ftink.
But 'tis your Choice, whether you'll read, or no :
If, likewife, of your Smelling it were Co,

I'd f 1 juft as I write, for My own Eafe ;

Nor fhou'd you be concern'd \ unlefs you pleale,

I'll own, that you write better than I do ;
But I have as much Need to write as you.
What ! tho' the Excrements of my dull Brain
Tlow in a harfher, and infipid Strain,
. While your rich Head eafes itfelf of Wit ;

Muft none but Civet^Cats have leave to Sh t? Roch.

THE

HISTORY

O F

ALGIERS.

VOL. II.

Bash a IV.

ROSSA.

CHAP. VII.

Hassan Basha, Son of Heyradin Barba-
The fir ft Time of his Adm'miftration.

D. 15*44. No fooner could the Intelligence of the De-
mife of that gallant Eunuch, HaJJ'an Jga, reach the Le-
vant, b\lc the Ears of Sultan Suliman were inceflantly
dinned with importunate Sollicitations, from many con-
fiderable Turks, for that honourable and mod beneficial
Vice-Royalty: It being in thofe Days, and long after,
deemed one of the mod important and profitable Pofts in the whole Ot-
toman Dominions} and fuch Morfels never fail, either there or elfe where,
of having Sholes of greedily-gaping Candidates.

Zz But

354 The History of Algiers.

But Heyradin Barba-rojfa, his Favourite Captain- Bajha, reprefenting
to that Monarch, that (ince he had a Son of fufficient Merit and Capacity
for fuch a Charge, it would be Injuftice to give any other the Preference j
adding, that, fince his Brother Arouje and himfelf were the Conquerors
of thofe States, and the firft Eftablifhers of the Ottoman Sovereignty in
Barbary 9 it was no more than reafonaWe, that the Fruits of their Labours
fliould be enjoyed by their Pofterity. This Reprefentation proved fo ef-
fectual, that the magnificent Suliman complied with the juft Demand,
without Helltation: And the new Bajha was, by his Father, inftantly
equipped with a brave Squadron of twelve flout and exceedingly well-ap-
pointed Gallies, of which that famou* Renegade was irimfelf Matter of a
good Number. The Name of this Bajha was Hajfan, born, as has been
obferved, at Algiers, of a Moorijh Lady 5 and was then in his twenty
eighth Year.

Towards July, this Year, he arrived at Algiers, where he had a joyful
Reception 5 partly on Account of his own perfonal Merit, but more for
the Sake of his renowned Uncle and Father, whofe Memories were in-
expreflibly dear to the whole turkijh Nation $ nor are they yet forgotten.
He had brought down with him a confiderable Body of Troops } ** the
" Fame of the Wealth and Delights of Algiers, fays Haedo, inticing
" thither the Levantines with a like Eagernefs as do thofe of America
" hurry our Spaniards, in Q1.1e.ft of New Worlds, to traverfe the
Ocean."

His Arrival was juft after the Return of Haji (the Titular, or Deputy.
Bajha) from his Victory over Sheikh Abou-Terik, and the revolted Arab
Tribes, as has been related in the preceding Chapter : And the Algerinss
were now in as flourifhing a Condition as could be expected fo foon after
fuch menacing Commotions. Being thus fettled in their Home-Affairs,
they had Leifure to breathe and look Abroad j where Matters were not
altogether as they could have wiflied. As to their Exploits at Sea, about
this Time, no Mention is made : But we may fuppofe their Cruifers lay
not idle , and that the New-Comers had an Itching to try if they could
make any Booty, among the Chriflian Traders of the Weft, to recom-
pence the Trouble they had been at in leaving their own Homes purely to
vifit them 5 nor is there ever any Want, at Algiers, of Old-Standers, who
are both ready, willing and capable to inftruct fuch as are defirous of
learning their Trade. This, I fay, is barely probable Suppofition.

The

The History o/Algiers. 355

The firft Volume clofcs with fome Account of the State of the King-
dom of Tremizan, now the Alger ints Weftern Province. When HaJJan
BaJJja entered upon his Government, the State of Affairs there was as I
leave them at the Conclufion of the iixth Chapter.

As that unhappy Realm was never known to remain long without Dif-
fentions, a certain anonymous Brother of the two laft contending Princes
(one of which loft his Life) hearing that a Son of the great Barba-rojfa
was become Vice- Roy of Algiers, imagined he could not take a better
Method to attain the Sovereignty of Tremizan, than by early Application
to the new Bajba, Full of this, he privately got to Algiers, where he
had the Addrefs fo well to negotiate with Hajfan BaJJia, that he engaged
him to take the Field in his Favour.

A. D. if4f. Accordingly, at the Beginning of June, this Year, he
fet out with 3000 Foot, 'Turks and Renegadoes, all Fuziliers, as ufual, and
1000 Spahis, or Turkijh Horfe, with ten Field-Pieces. Arriving near
TenneZy he was joined by Hamida Al-Aabd, who was ftill called King of
Tenmz. That Prince brought him a Body of 2000 brave Moorifo Ca-
valry.

With this Army Hajfan Bajha made fuch expeditious Marches, that he
foon reached Tremizan-, into which Capital he got Entrance without the
leaft Oppofition: For his TremizanianM&]eft.y, having timely Notice of all
thefe Motions, thought it not advifeable to ftand the Brunt, but, packing
up the beft of his Moveables, retreated to Oran. The new King being
feated on the Throne, raifed a round Sum of Money, by Means fair and
foul, wherewith to gratify the Bajha -, upon which, without farther Delay*
the Turkijh Camp returned to Algiers, from whence they had not been
many Days abfent. But the new-made King did not long enjoy the
Sweets of his new Dignity 5 for in lefs than a Year, the Count De Al-
caudete re-placed his Brother, and obliged himfelf to repair to Fez r whi-
ther his elder Brother was fome Years fince retired. To this ErTeft writes
Haedo. But Marmol being here more circumftantial, and fome Parts of his
Narrative very lively, natural and not unentertaining, I extract the Senfe
of the following Particulars -, and the rather becaufe Haedo breaks otf
abruptly) not re-afluroing the E)ifcourfe till he comes to what happened
two Years later.

Marwiol, having given an Account of Afyki Hamed's fceing recalled by
his Subjects, after the Flight of his Competitor, Mulei Abou Abdallah

Zu (to

3 5 6 The History ^/Algiers.

(to whom they had refufed Admittance, after his Victory) whom the Arabs
flew foon after, as may be feen in the lad Chapter, goes on thus : viz.
After this, the Turks of Algiers again recovered this Kingdom, and flamed
had recourfe to the Emperor, Don Carlos, for Affiftance againil them.
[This muft have been Hajfan Bajba's above-mentioned Expedition.] And
in the Year 15*46", continues he, Al-Manfor, having brought to Oran, a>
Hoftages, two of his Sons, came to an Agreement with the Count De
Alcaudete, Don Martin De Cordoua, who, by the Emperor's Command,
pafling over to Spain, railed 2.000 Men in Andaluzia, in order to re-inftate
the faid Prince. With 1000 of thefe he imbarked on the Spanijb Gallies,
under Direction of Don Bernardino De Mendoza, leaving at Malaga the o-
ther 1000, to come over in three large Ships and other fmaller Veflels.
The Count arriving at Oran, with thefe 1000 Soldiers, he fee out with
them, and 800 from the Garrifon, whereof ifo were Horfe and the reft
Foot. Going with this Body to Canaftel, a fmall and ftrongly fituated
Tower near Oran, he there caufed to be apprehended upwards of 200 of
the Moorijb Inhabitants, whom he found guilty of Treafon 5 in that, be-
ing in Alliance with the Garrifon of Oran, and having been from thence
furnimed with all things necefTary to oppofe and repulfe the Turks, they
had received them into the Town, given them what Arms, &c. they re-
quired, and, in Conjunction with them, had openly revolted. When the
Count returned to Or an, he hanged three of the Chiefs of thofe Moors,
and the reft were made Slaves j whereby, for the prefent, he lecured that
Part of the Territory.

After this, July ''5, the Count fet out from Oran, with his whole Force,
and ten Pieces of Cannon, pitching his Camp fix Miles from the City :
And next Day marched towards Agobel, which is an ancient, ruinated
PIace> near which great Numbers of Confederate Moors came to offer
him their Service. Thefe People arrived in Clans, fcparately, anfwer-
able to their Cuftom, each Clan, or Tribe, advancing according to its De.
gree in Antiquity and Nobility. As a Family came up, the Chiefs hav-
ing embraced the Count and complemented him in a few Words, after a
little Skirmifhing, they drew off and made Room for another Tribe to
advance: And thus came more than fifty Families} among which fome
had at lea ft 100 Cavaliers, and thofe which brought feweft were upwards
of fifty j all in general bearing exceeding fine Lances and Targets.

All

7he History of Algiers. 357

All this while the Count was purfuing his March for about twelve
Miles, till he arrived where Al-Manfbr waited his Approach. This Al-
Man/or, as has been obferved, was Uncle, Father- in-Law and Prime- Mi-
nifter to Mulei Hamed, the Prince whom they came to afllft in expelling
the 'Turks who had ufurped his Realm. That noble Moor was attended
by fooo Horfe, who, to entertain the Count, and exprefs their Joy for
his Arrival among them, reprefented a Rencounter they had, n few Days
before, with a Party of Turks, who were going to re-inforce Tremixan,
and were all cut off. It pafled in this Manner.

Thefe Turks, in Number about 300, all Fuziliers, were marching croft
a Plain, when a certain Arab of good Account, named Girtef, an invete-
rate Enemy to the Turks, intreated the Arabs thereabouts to engage them -,
offering himfelf perfonally to begin the Attack. Finding his Words were
of fmall EffecT:, he took aCord, and tying it round his Neck, he folemnly
fwore, never to remove it thence till they had fought with thofe Turks.
All this not prevailing, (fuch was their Dread of the Fire- Arms) he hafted
to the Adouars, or Villages of Tents, from whence he brought fix of the
moll: beautiful Virgins, which mounting on as many Camels, he drove
them towards the Turks, crying out as he rode along, Ct Now {hall I fee,
" amorous Youths, if you have Gallantry enough to deliver from the
u Hands of yon Tarpaulins thefe your Damfels, which are the moft valu-
" able Jewels you are poflefTed of." When perceiving them now deter-
mined for the Onfet, he caufed a great Drove of unladen a Camels, fuch
as were trained up for thefe Occafions, to be made pafs on before them
which Creatures ran on with fo refiftlefs a Violence, that, to all Appear-
ance, they would not only drive into Diforder a Body of Men but even
break thro' a Rampart. Perceiving that the Turks had fpent all their Fire
upon the Camels, the Arabs inftantly advanced, and breaking in among
them with much Eafe, they were all cut in Pieces.

This Reprefentation was acted to the Life before the Count, with
fifteen or ilxteen Squadrons of Camels, of f 00 each, driving before them
twelve Women on. twelve Camel?, who, after the Show, came riding up
where Don Martin was, each of* them accompanied by the Cavaliers of
her Tribe, or Family, faying to him, u Welcome, thou Reftorer of our
w Realm* the Protector of Orphans} the moil valiant, honourable and

I Vide Vol. I. P- 99, and my Mabometifm Explained, Vol. II.

2 " redoubted

55* The History 0/ Algiers.

" redoubted Cavalier! How I my Lordj muft any other be Mailer- in
" thefe Regions, while your Excellency is here and alive !" With other
Expreffions of a like Nature, after their Manner, all in Arabic, and which
were explained to the Count by his Interpreter: i\fter which the Moors
gave n prodigious Shout or Outcry, as they ufually do to exprefs their Joy.
About a Month after, when the Army was got almoft. to Tremizan, th e
reft of the Troops arrived from Spain', when the Count had Intelligence
that Hajfan Ba/ha was come from Algiers, and advancing with 1200 Turks
in order to put himfelf into Tremizan, to defend that Place, or to fight
him, in cafe he could not do otherwife. Upon this Don Martin returned
the Way he came, in order to feek the Enemy, being determined to give
him Battel. And to be the more fecure of the Moors who accompanied
Iiim, he caufed all the Chiefs to take an Oath of Allegiance to him, and
that they would ferve him with Fidelity till Mulei Hamed was replaced oft
the Throne: Which Oath was adminiftred after the Manner following.

On the Middle of a long Turbant, ftretched out at full Length between
two Moors on Horfe-back, who held up their Hands as high as poffible,
hung an Al-Coran. Under this rode the principal Moors and Arabs, one
by one, laying hold of andkifling the Book as they parTed, promifing and
affirming, by the Truths contained therein, that they would punctually
and loyally perform all that had been agreed on. This took up a whole
-Evening.

I was once my felf prefent at a Ceremony of this Nature, of an Oath
taken, in the Field, by the whole Algerine Army, to Bobba Hajfan, who
took Oran from the Spaniards twenty Years fince j of which gallant
Tnrkijh Commander (as an Eye-Witnefs to many of his Actions, and laftly
of his Afiaflination) I lhall advance feveral remarkable Particulars. I only
mention him : here on Account of the Oath, wherein the only Difference
of the Ceiemony here was, that the Al-Coran hung between two Stand-
ards rolled on their Staves, and tied together almoft in Form of a St. An.
dreiv^ Crofsj and the Swearers pafled under on Foot. But no Matter
Hbw they paifed, fince they kpt their Oath no better.

To return. The Citizens of Tremizan Tent to defire Al-Manfor, that he
-would riot bring the Count thither, fince they defigned to expel the
forks from the Kingdom, and fdrrender their Fortrefies to whomfoever he
pleafcd. But all the Anfwer they, got from Al-Manfor was, " That People
< who had been Traytors to their Prince, defcrved not to wear Heads on
I >J 2. " their

The History <?/Algiers. 359

" their Shoulders j and that the Chriflians were approaching, as Execu-
" doners, to take off theirs."

Mean while Don Martin was marching in Queft of the Enemy; when,
palling the River Ferelet, he fate down within fix Miles of the Turks j
tho\ by fome Moors, he had beer, informed, that they lay at fix Leagues
Diftance. But, when the Bajha of Algiers underftood the Cbrijiian Camp
to be fo near, and how determinately the Count went in Search of him,
not daring to wait bis Approach, he returned flying to Algiers, [this Part of
MarmoVs Narrative, in particular, I, mall foon contradict, from the more
generous and lefs partial Haedo'] and difpatched away an Officer, named Al-
Caid Jafer, together with a Morabboth, or Santon, of Moftaganem, a Per-
fonpf great Credit and his intimate Friend, to treat with Al-Manfor, that
he would fuffer the Turks to retire quietly from Tremizan, giving them a
Guard of Horfe to conduct them fafely to Algiers; which if complied with,
he would caufe the City to be immediately furrendered. With this Al-
Manfor was well fatisfied, and the Articles being drawn up, agreed on
and figned, the Turks from Tremizan arrived at the Place where he lay
incamped.

Some of the Spaniards asked the Count's Permiflion to take a View of
them 5 which having obtained, they had the Satisfaction of beholding the
Ceremonies ufed at the Obfcquies of the brave Girtef, above fpoken of,
who was {hot dead with an Arrow, in a late Encounter. [That fhall be
inferted elfewhere.]

The faid Chrijiians, who had got Leave to divert themfelves at Al-
Man/6r J s Camp, obferving that the Turks who came with Al-Caid Jafer,
bore their Colours flying upon the Staff, fancying it became them to keep
it furled up in Prefence of the Emperor's Flags, which were but a Mufket
Shot from thence, fent Notice thereof to the Count. The next Morn-
ing early, the General fent Captain Soto-Mayor, his Adjutant, with Or-
ders, that he fliould poll himfelf in the Road by which the Turks were to
pafs in their Way to Algiers, and caufe them to take in their Colours.
Coming up to their Van, be ordered the Leader to take off that Flag, pe-
remptorily telling him, " That he nan ft not keep it flying in Prefence of
" thofe of his Imperial Majefty, which were in the Field." This the
Turks exclaimed againft extremely, faying it was a Violence and Injuftice
offered them, fince they had Al-Manfor's Pafs 5 and immediately they fent
to call him. When that Moorijh Commander came and heard the Affair,

$6o The History of Algiers.

kc whifpered the Spanifi) Officer, telling him, that Enfign belonged to
the King of Tremizan, his Nephew, and was fent by him to the Bajba
of Algiers. But Captain Soto-Mayor. replied, " That fince it was borne
" by a Turk, it mould be taken in:" And Al-Manfor taking it from the
Turk in order to furl it up, the Captain, notfatisfied with that, told him,
w That he mull: return it to the Turk, that he might take it quite from
" the Staff." Al-Manfor did fo 5 and the Turkijh Enfign took it off and
folded it up -, tho' not without great Reluctance. This done, Captain
Soto-Mayor returned to the Count's Camp, with only four Soldiers,
who had accompanied him, and the Turks purfued their Way towards
Algiers.

[All this, for ought I know, may be a nice and requifite Punctilio of
Honour among military Gentlemen : But for Marmol to fet it off thus
pompoufly, as fo glorious an Exploit, is what I know not well how to
reliflij as being not capable of difcerning any thing fo very heroic in the
whole Action. I have been at the Pains of tranflating this Paragraph
merely as an Oddity.]

Marmol proceeds. The Count perceiving, that all he pretended was ac-
complifhed, which was only to expel the Turks from Tremizan, he deter-
mined to go againft Mofiaganem. But the Moorijb General refufed to ac-
company him thither, as was his Duty to have done j pleading, as an Ex-
cufe, that he was not fure how the Affairs of the Kingdom- ftood, fo that
he lay under a Neceffity of repairing to Tremizan. [Very probably pret-
ty lick of Spanijb Arrogance.] The Count flew in a Paffion at him, fay-
ing, " That he might go where he would, fince he alone was fufficient
" to take Mofiaganem, which he would effect without any Obligation to
" him :" And fo they parted.

Before Al-Manjor's Departure for Tremizan, the Count went to Orart,
but feven Spanijb Leagues from his Camp, and brought from thence the
Train of Battering Artillery. Al-Manfor was no fooner gone, but Don
Martin bent his Courfe towards Mofiaganem, each Cannon being drawn
by twenty Pair of Mules. His firft Day's March was from the River
Firelet to the River Sikinaki, and from thence to the River Abra, thence
to the River Cufnaki, then to a Place where are feveral Wells, and in the
next Day's March he was obliged to go fome Leagues about in order to
get to the Station where the Turks had pitched their Camp when they
made themfelves Mailers of that Town, and on Augufi 21, he came to

Mazigran

The History of Algiers. 361

Mazagran (a ruinous Town about a League from Mojlaganem) where his
Army refrefhed with the Abundance of Fruits growing in thofe Gardens,
The fame Day he got to Moftagam m, incamping on the Eminence fronting
the Town on that Side : And that Evening fired more than 1 00 Shot againlt
the Town Walls. The 'Turks fired from two fmall Pieces of Cannon,
facing the Battery 5 but they were quickly difmounted.

To pafs by Trifles, my Author fays, " That fome Moors Prifoners af-
tC firmed, that Town then to be the richeft in all Barbary, fince all the
" circumjacent People had there lodged their valuable Effects, as had the
" Turks whatever Booty they had made in the whole Province} that
" there were more than 11000 Souls within the Walls, with only forty
" two Turks who obliged the Citizens to ftand on the Defenfive, and
" would not fuffer them to furrender to the Chrijlians"

Don Martin, upon this Intelligence, continued a furious and continual
Battery, for three Days fucceflively 5 when, finding the Enemy (till refo-
lute, he removed his Camp to another Quarter, where he imagined his At"
tempt might have better Succefs. A Brigantine was difpatched to Oran
(diftant Weftward twelve Spanijh Leagues) to bring a Recruit of Powder,
which they began to want. It returned in two Days : And the very Day
it came, a good Body of Turks got into the Town, mal-gre all Oppofition,
Thefe were they who had quitted Tremizan, and understanding the Count's
Defign upon Mojfoganem, had taken a large Turn about, in order to its
Relief, and had brought with them upwards of if 000 Moors, Horfe and
Foot.

However, a tolerable Breach being opened in the Wall, judged by the
Count fufficient for an AfTault, he fent eleven Companies to attempt it
(leaving only three to guard the Camp) who marched up to the Breach
very courageoufly. The Turks appeared in its Defenfej and without of-
fering to flinch in the lead, or give back for a Moment, as any of them
fell, others immediately fupplied their Places j and that with fo determined
a Countenance (fays this Author exprefly) as if each fingle Turk was alone
fufficient to defend the Entrance. Forty Spaniards at length actually mount-
ed the very Top of the Breach, and there planted five Enfignsj but they
were inftantly thrown down.

The Refult of this fmart Conflict was, that the Spaniards were beaten
off, and purfued by the Turks to their very Trenches, with the Lofs of
200 Men and more than ifo wounded. The Count, adds Marmot
Vol. II. Aaa rallying

361 The History of Algiers

rallying his fcattered Troops, obliged the Turks at laft to retire : But he
makes not their Lofs very considerable. And, continues he, there wanted
not feveral who advifcd the Count to imbark, that Night, on a Galeon
and other VefTels, there at Anchor, leaving the Cannon nailed up and all
the Horfes and Mules ham-ftrung: To which he replied, "That he would
" rather be torne in Pieces than be guilty of fuch Bafenefs." And fuch
Diligence he ufed in forming his Retreat, that by Day -Break he was got
to the Sea-Side with his whole Army and Baggage > having left only one
Piece of Cannon nailed up, the Wheel of whofe Carriage a great Shot
from the Town had rendered unferviceable. All the wounded and ufelels
People had been, that Night, conveyed on Board the Galeon.

Two Spaniards, deferting to the Town, when firft Don Martin began
to draw off, gave the Enemy a full Information of all Trahfactions, and
particularly of what Counfel had been given to that General. Early next
Morning, all the Turks fallied in good Order, and with them more than
i fooo Moorijb Foot and 3000 Horfe, determined to give the Count Bat-
tel : But fuch was the Dread with which the Chrijlians were feized, that
fo far from any the lead Thought of putting their felves in a Pofture to
engage the approaching Enemy, not one Soldier had any thing in View,
but how to reach the Shipping, and fave his Life.

But the Count's fecond Son, Don Martin, who was afterwards Marquis
De Cortes [concerning whom and his Captivity, at jffgiers, more will be
faid anon] obferving the Cowardice of thofe Fugitives, fnatching a Hal-
bard (which at that time was more prevalent than Shame) therewith com-
pelled many to return out of the very Sea, thro' which, void of Confi-
deration, they were attempting to wade to the Veflels in the Road. Thefe
he ranged in the beft Order he could. To cut fhorr, the Spaniards, at
length, bravely repulfcd their Purfuers, and obliged them to return fafter
than they came : Nor does the too frequently partial Metrmol own any
Damage received, either during that Conflict, or the Army's March to
Q.an; where the Count fafely arrived, after having been fifty feven Days
abfent : Not but that his Rear was clofely attended by the Enemy.

I have been the more particular in all this, and contrary to my Cuftom
given good Part of it in this Author's very Words, for two Reafons. Firft,
becaufe fome of the Paflages give a lively Idea of certain Ufages, &c. of
thefe People: Secondly, by Reafon that this the Count De Alcaudeteh At-
tempt upon Mojiaganem was only the Prelude to one, of abundantly more

fatal

The History a/Algiers. 36*

fatal Confequence, he afterwards made upon that Place, whereof a Hint
was given in Preface, p. xi, and which, in due Place, will be circumftan-
tially related. But we will now return to the Subftance of what is to be
met with in the very-often ingenuous Haedo.

A. D. 15*48. The reftlefs Tremizanians, being ftill in Commotion, a
perpetual and incurable Difcord reigning between Prince and People, again
fent fov^HaJfan Bajha 5 offering the Sovereignty of their City and Domain
to him and his Turks, if they would undertake the Defenfe thereof ; or elfe
to put that Realm into what other Hands he fhould plcafe to direct. This
is what I have often obferved, will ever be the infallible Confequence of
a Moorijh Prince's entering into Alliance with Chrijiians. Upon this In-
vitation Hajfan Bajha (whom Marmol all along mifcalls Hajfan Aga-, tho*
neither that, nor any of the reft of his butcherly Manner of mangling
Proper- Names, is what I fhall quarrel with him about) took the Field
with 3000 Janizaries, 1000 Spahis, 2000 Moorijh Cavalry with the old
Mulatto King of Tennez 2X their Head, as before, and eight Field-Pieces $
which laft, together with all neceffary Ammunition, &c, were landed at
the Port of Tennez,

Arriving with thefe Troops at the River Siaue, about four Spanijh
Leagues from Oran, in the direct Road to Tremizan, he there came almofl:
upon the Count De Alcaudete, who was there waiting for him at the Head
of 6000 Spaniards, accompanied by his Friend and Ally the King of Tre-
mizan, with a Corps of 6000 African and Arab Horfe. When the Bajha
found how near his Enemies lay, and that they purpofely waited his Ap-
proach, he caufed his Army to halt and take feme Repofe for that Night,
with Defign to offer them .Battel the next Morning : " And, doubtlefs,
adds Haedo exprefly, confidering the Bravery of the Troops on both
Sides, and the equal and unanimous Defire they all had to come to Blows,
the Encounter would not have failed of proving a moll: obftinate and
bloody Difpute: Had it not fo happened, that about Mid-Night arrived
in Poft-Hafte, a French Gentleman, named M. Lanis, fent with two Gallies
from the King of France, to bring Hajfan Bajha the News of, and con-
dole with him for the b Death of his Father, Heyradin Barba-roJ/a, who,
in May laft, died of a Fever at Conjlantinople". c M. U Abbe de Vertot
has thefe Words, concerning that famous Renegado- hdmuaVs Exit, viz.

b Vide Vol. I. P. 293. c Vide Hill, de Maltbe. L. XI.

A a a z " Barba-

364 The History of Algiers^

" Barba-rojfa, being returned to Conjiantinople, notwithstanding he was
" more than eighty Years old, pafled his Days and Nights with his
ct faired: She- Slaves. But carrying too far his Debauch, he was found
" dead in his Bed, of thefe ExcefTes. Suliman was very deeply concern-
tt ed for his Lofs, &c." Whatever Truth there might have been in the
Article of this Great Man's Debauches, there is certainly a great, Miftake
in the Point of his Age* fince it is very evident, that in 15-18 his Elder
Brother d Arouje was fcarce forty four when he died.

And to difcover how ill thofe laft Lines from Haedo agree with MazmoVs
Expreflions, in a preceding Page, of Hajfan Bajha^ not daring to look
the Count in the Face, needs no very extraordinary Penetration. His own
Spanijb Words are, no fe atreviendo a efperarle, dio bttelta buyendo para
Argel, &c. And in the Margin, Hafcen Aga no ofa pelear con el Condey
which is literaly thusj 1. " Not prefuming to ftay for him, he turned
* flying towards Algiers, &c." z. " Hajfan Aga [inftead of Bajha~\ dares
<c not fight with the Count." One of thefe Antipodes muft be wrong.
But am I not over-officious?- Honeft F. Haedo, altnoft Verbatim^
goes on thus*

Hajfan Bajha was hereof no fooner informed* as well from the Embaf-
{ador's Mouth as by the King of France's Letter, but he was feized with a
Grief fcarce expreflible j yet no other than what the Lofs of fuch a Fa-
ther required. Nor was this great Grief centered in him alone > it reign-
ing univerfal throughout the whole furkijb Army 5 great Part of the Turks
and Renegadoes, more particularly the Officers, having been Soldiers under
the defunct Heyradin Barba-roJ/a. For this Reafon> the very next Morn-
ing, Hajfan Bajha entered on a Treaty with Don Martin, and at length it
was agreed, That the Prince, who had been feated on the Throne of 7re-
mizan by the Count, fhould remain Poflefibr of that Realm, and freely
fuffered to continue the Cbrifiian Emperor's Vafial: Hajfan Bajha promifing
not to'moleft him upon that Account > and that they all remain Friends. [Is
this like running away from an Enemy !] This Peace being concluded^
and the Algerine Camp having flayed in that Place two Days longer, the
Bafia&nd all in general,bitterly bewailing B or ba~roJJa*sDe&th, they broke up :
And Hajfan Bajha, dreffing hirafelf all in Black, and mounting a Jet-black
Horfe, directed his Courfe ftreight to Algiers ; ordering the Cannon

* Vide. Vol. I. P. 2,22, 223, 257, 2.87,. & 293.

and.

Ihe History a/Algiers. $6$

and heavy Luggage to be conveyed to Tennez, where it was foon after im-
barked on divers Galeots.

N. B. Among the forks Black is not Mourning > nor is itfcarce ever
worne at all by them > but rather held in Deteftation. Indeed, in Bar-
bary all Upper- Garments, as Cadrons and Bornoofes y of the old forks (as
will be obferved in the Topography) are of black Cloth,, as are the Cebbaks y
worne by the better Sort, of black Silk,, but no other Part of their Ap-
parel is Black. So this mutt be a Piece of Caprice and Singularity in
HafanBaJha. The Native Jews are obliged to wear fcarce any thing but
Black. This only en paj/ant.

A. D. if p. The DifTentions among thofe of Tremiz&n continuing as
fierce as ever, one of the Factions addrefled the King of Fez, intreating.
him to give them, for their Sovereign, the Prince whom, fome few Years,
fince, the Count De Alcaudete had obliged to feek Sanctuary at that Court.
Thefe Intreaties were accompanied with grievous Complaints of Male- Ad-
ministration againft the reigning King, whom they in particular accufed
of being too great a Friend to the Chrifiians, and miferably harafling and
fleecing the Subject, purely to content and gratify them, exclufive of the
heavy and vexatious Tributes,, paid to his Catholic Majefty.

This was well enough relifhed by the Sheriff and he undertook to im-
bark in the Affair 5 not fo much out of any extraordinary Fellow-feeling
he had for the Exile Prince his Gueft, or the 1'remizanians, but rather to
try what could be brought about towards accomplishing the Defire he long
had, of incorporating that Realm with thofe of Fez, tarudant, Morocco?,
5cc, of which he was already the Arbiter.

Agitated with thefe ambitious Stimulations, he formed a Camp of 12000
Horfe, and about as many Foot, among whom were fooo Renegadoes, all
good Soldiers and bearing Fire- Arms. This Army was led by his Heir Pre-
emptive, accompanied by a younger Son of his, and the pretending Exile
King of Tremizan, whofe Caufe he made Shew of efpoufing againlt his
ufurping Brother, who was poflefTed of that crazy Throne, under Pro-
tection of the Spaniards.. The Mauritanian Prince having, by quick
Marches, foon reached Tremizan, got eafy Entrance into that Capital 5. the
Ufurper having,, fome Days before, retreated to Oran with his Family:
As being confeious of his Infufficiency to attend that Vifit; eonfidcring
the Difpofition of his factious Subjects.. Having thusy without- Blows,,,
obtained PoiTeflion of that City, and confequently, in a. Manner,, of the-
4 whol&

366 The History of Algiers.

whole Realm, the Prince, probably (6 inftru&ed by his Father, commit-
ted the Charge thereof to Abdallah his Cadet, and a competent Garrifon,
without taking the leaft Notice of the Pretender to that Throne, whom
he had brought, feemingly, on Purpofe to re- inflate: Only telling that
baffled Prince, that he would take him as his Companion in his Eaftern
Progrefs, fince he determined to go on conquering and fpoiling the Alge-
rine State, and not to flop till he had, if poffible, made himfelf Mafter even
of their Capital 5 adding, indeed, that at their Return, he would put him
in Pdfleffion of his Kingdom.

The Prince of Fez foon arrived with his Army upon the Borders ofBeni-
Aamar*, a warlike Tribe in the Neighbourhood of Oran, mounting at leaft
12000 gallant Horfe. They are Mailers of a confiderable Domain of High
and Low Lands ; and ufed frequently to be in Alliance with the Spaniards
oiOran. Not daring to attend his Approach, they had retired, with their
numerous Herds and Droves, flickering themfelves in the Algerjne Terri-
tory, under the Cannon of Mcftaganem, twelve Spanijh Leagues Eaft of
Oran. Here his Fezzan Highnefc was in Sufpenfe, whether he ihould
purfue and fall upon thofe Fugitives, from whom he might gain a very
rich Booty, efpecially of Cattle, or make an Attempt upon Oran, which,
if he prevailed, would be a moil honourable Exploit. But upon mature
Deliberation, he grew fenfible how difficult a Matter this lail would be,
and therefore concluded on the former.

Being got within Sight of them, he heard, that the Turks of Algiers
were advancing to meet and give him Battel: Which was not bare Ru-
mour. For when Hajfan Bajha was informed of the rapid, unreiifted Pro-
grefs the Tingitanians were making within the Ottoman Provinces, he in-
flantly fitted out a Camp of fooo Foot and iooo Horfe, Turks, with ten
Field-Pieces, which he committed to the Conduct of three principal Ah
Caids, namely Sefer, Alt Corfo and Hajfan Sardo : The firfl a Turk and the
others Renegadoes -, one of Corfica, the other of Sardinia. As for the Bajha,
he remained at Algiers-, by his Prefence and Authority to prevent any ill
Effects from thofe Commotions. The Orders he gave to thofe Generals
were, that they {hould, if poflible, avoid an Engagement till they had
joined the faid Beni-Admar, and then go in Search of the Enemy. The
Fezzan Army being, as we faid, within Sight of Mofiaganem, taking a

'Fide Vol I. p. 334.

View

The History a/Algiers. %c 7

View of thofe Moors, the Algerinss, very unexpectedly, appeared within
Sight of the fame Place, on the contrary Side: Which the Prince of Fez
no fooner underftood, but reflecting that, if he flayed a few Hours longer
he mull, inevitably, be obliged to encounter thofe united Forces, he was
quite at a Stand : Nor was he long in determining. For turning his Horfe's
Head again Weft ward, he made a fpeedy Retreat ; driving away in the
Front of his Army a prodigious Number of Camels and other Cattle, which
he had amafled in the Way thither. This being perceived by the Turks,
in Conjunction with the Cavalry of Beni-A&mar, they purfued him fo vi*
goroufly, that they came up with his Rear, within eight Spanifi Leagues
of Tremizan-, at the fame Pafs and River where in if 1 8 f Arouje Barba-
roj/a ended his Days fo gallantly. A defperate and very bloody Encounter
enfued, of feveral Hours Continuance, maintained on both Sides with
equal Obftinacy : " For, fays Haedo exprefly, if the Turks and Renegadoes
" of Algiers fought well, the s Elches of Fez, all Fuziliers like their felvesj
" behaved with not a Whit lefs Bravery : But as at length the Fezzan
u Cavalry was forced by the Troops of Beni-Admar to give Way, the
" Elches were, likewife, obliged to follow their Example } and here be-
" gan a miferable Slaughter of Men, and among the reft fell the Prince
" of Fez himfelf, and the pretending King of Tremizan"

The Algeriner (whofe Lofs was not inconfiderable) accompanied by the
Beni-Admar Cavalry, followed their Blow, marching directly to Tremizan,
with the flain Prince's Head on a Lance's Point. As for Prince Abdallah,
upon the firft Intelligence of his Brother's Difafter, he pofted away, with
his whole Equipage and Garrifon, to carry thofe unwelcome Tydings to
his ambitious Father. This Abdallah was the next fucceeding Monarch
of the Tingitanian Mauritania*
^ Except a general Maflacre, unhappy Tremizan underwent all the Mife-
rics of conquered Places j fcarce any thing being left to the wretched Inha-
bitants, but Life itfelf. The three AIgerine',Ch\cfains, calling a Council, una-
nimoufly agreed, never more to quit that City, on any Account whatever,
or to think of reftoring the Sovereignty thereof to the Moors ; but that
one of them ihould remain there, with a Garrifon. Cafting Lots, it fell
upon Al-Caid Sefer 3 and accordingly he was left Governor, for the Bajha
of Algiers, with- ijxo Turks. The reft, returning Home triumphantly

! Vide Vol. I. p. 256. { Corruptly for Qulouja, the Arabic Plural of U/j, a Renegade.

Z and

3$8 The History of Algiers.

and rich with Spoil, were gracioufly received by Hajfan BaJJja; whocaufed
the Prince's Head to be placed in an Iron Cage, over the principal Gate
of the City, called Beb-Azoun; where it continued till ifjl, when it
was removed by Arab Abamad, the then Bajha, at his rebuilding thefaid
Gate and its Wall. Of this, farther Notice fhall be taken.

The fame Year, when all this occurred, viz. iffo. Hajfan Bajha built
a- h Tower on the very Spot of Ground where the Emperor Don Carlos
pitched his Pavillion, when he received that notable ' Defeat at Algiers, in
15-41. But of this Fortrefs, called by the Franks the Emperor's Cajlle,
and its Enlargements, more in due Place. He, likewife, at or about the
fame Time, laid the Foundation of a Building, in Imitation of an Hofpital,
for fick and wounded Janifaries, who were deftitute of better Accommo-
dations: Tho* that was but a mean Edifice, and as meanly endowed. But
this Year gave the finishing Stroke to a noble Bagnio, or public Bath, he
had founded at Algiers, in Imitation of that fine one built by his Father
at Conjlantinople, which was mentioned in that great Bajha"s Life, and
which occafioncd to this his Son the Lofs of his Vice-Royalty.

A.D.iffi* For the proud Rojlan Bajha, one of the three chief Grandees
of the Ottoman Court, the Sultan's great Favourite, and married to his be-
loved Daughter, having, upon Barba-roJJa's Demife, caff, a greedy Eye
towards that magnificent Bagnio, which yielded its Proprietor a very con-
fiderable Revenue, acquainted a Deputy of the Bajha of Algiers, then Re-
fident at the Porte, with the mighty Defire he had of having it in Poflefc
Con. This Deputy, named Jafer, the Bajha's own Renegado, wrote im-
mediately to his Maftcr about this Affair j as being ftrictly injoined fo to
do by the covetous Rojlan. Hajfan Bajha, Tufficiently fcandalized at this
unreafonable Piece of Avarice, took no Manner of Notice of it j as deem-
ing the Demand not worthy even a Reply. As the Turks are no lefs adroit
at Diffimulation than any others, this lay dormant for fome Years 5 till at
length Hajfan. Bajha had a Letter from his Renegado, at the. Porte, which
gave him no fmall Alarms. He inform'd him, u That Rojlan Bajha, in a
" thundering Tone, had ordered him to let his Matter know, from him,
" that he fhould very fpeedily be obliged to quit not only the Bagnio he
* was fo fond of, but alfo his beloved Algiers.

This MefTage was enough to make our Bajha deem it his beft Way to

b Vide Vol. I. p. 325. * Fide Vol. I. p. 295, & feq. where it is amply treated of.

endeavour

The History a/Algiers. 5$$

endeavour to pacify that dangerous Cormorant: And, getting ready fix
Gallies, September iff i, he fet out for Conflantinople >j from whence he
intended a fpeedy Return : But he fell fhort in his Calculation. The Re*
mainder of his Life and Actions will be related, when, in fucceeding Years,
we fhall find him twice Vice-Roy of this State j which he had hitherto
governed, for full feven Years, with great Tranquillity (bating the afore-
faid Commotions) and univerfal Satisfaction and Applaufe. This Chapter
fhall conclude with what Haedo fays concerning the Deputy Bajha, viz.

Al-Caid Sefer. Khalifa^ or Deputy \

Notwithstanding, fays this Author, HaffanBaJha (tho' he was deceived)
went to the Levant only with a View of returning in few Days, yet, at
his Arrival at Conflantinople , he found it impoffible for him to appeafe his
Oppofer Roftan Bajha, even tho' he gave up to him the Propriety of the
Bagnio in Queftion. The Ba/ba, at his Departure from Algiers, defirous
of leaving in his Place a Perfon who might adminifter with Juftice and
Prudence, made Choice of Al-Caid Sefer, who was, as we obferved above,
left the laft Year Governor ofTremizan: And as that Governor, as a Man
of Conduct and Refolution, had given many Proofs of his Experience and
Abilities, both in War and Peace, and was generally loved and efteemedy
the Bafoa's Choice met with univerfal Approbation. He was a natural
Turk, born at a poor Village in Natolia, of very mean Extraction and
Parentage 5 and came to Algiers from Turky feveral Years before, in Com-
pany with other k Chacah, to feek (as they word it) their Fortunes 5 where
he managed his Matters fo fuccefsfully, that he arrived to thefe Dignities.
It is remarkable, that he governed with fuch Prudence, that in his Time
not one fuffered Death, or even any other corporal Punifhment j than
which nothing is more frequent among thofe People. He raifed from
the Foundation and completed the great Baftion over the Mole-Gate.
In his Time, a very terrible Famine raged throughout the whole Region :
Yet fuch was his Diligence to fupply Algiers with all Sorts of Provifions,

k This is the Word many here corrupt into Jack-all. It is the Creature, fomewhat like a
Fox, faid to accompany the Lion; nor is it a Fable. The haughty Soldiery of the Levant (o
nick-name their Peafants: But I would not advife any of them to give that Epithet to one in
Algerive Pay ; whatever Title he might have to it before.

Vol. II. Bbb that

370 The History */ Algiers.

that while Multitudes of Souls were every where elfe periihing daily of
mere Want, the Inhabitants of that City wallowed in Abundance. He
governed this State about feven Months, viz. from September iffi to
April i ff z, when he was obliged to refign his Seat to Salba Rats, of
whom we are next to treat.

About ten Years after died Al-Caid Sefer, aged fifty two, being then
Governor, or Al-Caid 01 Tennez*, which State (at the Dcccufc of the old
Mulatto Prince, Hamida Al-Adbd, fo often mentioned) had revolved to
the Turks of Algiers, as had been flipulated. He was not very tall of Sta-
ture, but extremely well-fet and.robuft, or rather inclinable to be fat and
corpulent* His Complexion was fwarthy, and his Beard very thick and
bufhy. He left no Children -, but had a younger Brother, named Al-Caid
Diud, whom he had brought from the Levant when a Stripling, and who,
for Wealth and Reputation, was the firft Al-Caid in the whole Algerine
Territory -, ] and efpoufed Haji\ only Daughter. This Sefer lies interred,
among feveral of the other principal Algerines, under a fmall Cupola, with-
out the Weftern Gate, called Beb-al-fFeyd.

C H A P. VIII.

Basiia V. SalhaRais. The firjt Arab yice-Roy of

Algiers.

r I "'HE imperious and rapacious Roftan, being an Enemy too potent
. - ,M for Hajfan Bajba to cope with, and too vindictive to be pacified,
even by Conceflions, the Vice-Royalty of Algiers was given to Salba
Rais.

: This Bajha was a natural Arab, born at Alexandria in Egypt j and, ex-
cept Arab Abamed, was the only Governor of that Nation, I dare, be j>o-
fitive, the Algerines ever had, or ever will have again : Efpecially fince
they have {haken-off their fuch immediate Dependence on the Grand

J Vide Vol. I. p, 240.

Signor

The Historv ^/Algiers. 37t

Signor: For now they will not fubmit even to a Renegado, tho' one of
their own Corps; fo much is the Cafe altered with them: But of thofc
Affairs elfewhere. Yet certainly, no Fault was to be found with this brave
and gallant Man ; as will evidently appear. Befides, he had been brought
up by the Turks, as one of them 5 having been taken in his Youth
when the Ottomans conquered his paternal Country, and overthrew the
Mamaluc Empire, A. D. if 17. And for many Years he was a very par-
ticular Favourite of Heyradin Barba-rojfa; and fomc Mention has been
made of him in the Life of that Bajha*.

When Heyradin went up to the Levant, and was made Captain Bajha,
this Salha Rais accompanied him, and was conftantly one of his Prime
Counfellors in all Affairs of Importance. Afterwards he was advanced to
the honourable and advantageous Employ of Timonero, or Coxon to the
Grand Signor, whofe Bufinefs is to fleer his Barges, or Pleafure-Boatsj
which Poll is never bellowed on any but great Favourites. As Roftan
Bajha had appeared fo vigoroufly in Prejudice of Barba-roja's Son, Sul-
tan Suliman gratified that his Favourite Son-in-Law by depofing him;
and in Regard to the many Services and great Abilities of Salha Rais, he
figned his Commiflion for the important Vice-Royalty of Algiers ;
where near the End of April, iff 2, the new Bajba arrived with ten
Cralhes.

He had not been many Days there, (where he was very well known and
liked of) but News came that the Sultan or King oiTuggurt had rebelled;
refilling to remit the accuflomary Tribute of fifteen Black She- Slaves.
This Prince pofTeiTes a Territory (abounding, with the befl Dates, having
one very ancient and no inconfiderable City, and upwards of thirty large
Towns and Villages; lying South and fomewhat Eaflerly more than twenty
Days March from Algiers, crois the Numidian Defatts. My SpaniJIo Au-
thors make it if o 'Leagues ; which are about 600 of our Miles b . Not
to enter here upon any more Particulars of this Place, we come only to
what regards Salha Rais, in this his firit Expedition, as BaJJja of Algiers.

A. D. iff 2. Five Months after his Arrival, viz. at the Beginning of
O&ober, he fet out with 3060 Turki/lo Infantry, ioco Spahis, and only
two Pieces of Cannon, according to Haedox but Marmol fays three; and

1 1 1 1

a Vol. I. p. 291. b In the Time of Arouje Barba-rojfa (tho' I ioigot to infert it) the

Weftern 'Turks got Footing in thofc r&r^ by a bufe. Wile I (hall mention, when I treat more
mimnch' oftfieir Acquifirfori:. '

B b bi 2 . adds.

57i The History of Algiers.

adds, that be/ides this Force, he had 8000 Arabs, and was accompanied
by Abdalaztz, Prince of Bent' Abbas (the braveft African of his Time,
and of whom more fhall be faid) with 1 800 of his Highlanders on Foot,
all bearing Fire- Arms, and 1600 Horfe 3 all the Baggage was carried on
an infinite Number of Camels, without which, as has been obferved, there
would be no Poffibility of traverfing thofe arid Defans j and the Cannon
were drawn by Moors. The Bajha kept his Defigns very fecret, as in-
tending, if poffible, to furprhe that Moorijb Prince unawares 5 as it actually
happened: For thofe oiTuggurt had not the leaft Notice of his Approach
till the Turkijh Banners appeared at a few Leagues Diftance. That Prince,
a Youth of fourteen, wholly unprovided of a Force fufficient to meet
fuch Vifitors in the Field, was in a terrible Fright j and, by the Advice of
his Preceptor, who was chief Judge of the Realm, caufed the City Gates
to be chained up j as imagining he might well enough (land an Attack,
and hold out, till relieved by his own Vaflals, and the neighbouring
Arab Tribes, who bore the domineering Turks a mortal Hatred.

For three Days continually, Salha Rats battered the Walls, and on the
fourth gave an AfTault and carried the Town, with great Slaughter of the
Inhabitants. The young King, being made Prifoner, was brought before
the Bajba, and asked, w How he durft be a Tray tor to the Grand Signor,
<c and lift his Arm againft his awful Banner?" He laying the whole Blame*,
upon the Cadi, or Judge, his Preceptor, without whofe Concurrence, he
laid, nothing was, or could be tranfacted, the poor Cadi was inftantly lent
For* when the Fads were all proved to his Face, with the Aggravation
of his having, indefatigably, flirrcd up the People, exhorting them to fight
the Turks, and, by Way of Encouragement, affirming, that whoever
flew one of thofe Infidels would be intitled to the fame Reward in the
other World as he would be in killing a Chrifiian. Upon this Salha Rats
ordered the officious Zealot to a Cannon > to which being fattened, he was
blown piece-meal into the Air. Such Counfel, fuch Recompcnce. The
furviving Inhabitants, being about 12000, were all fold as Slaves to any
who would purchafe them 5 and the plundered City was left quite de-
folate.

From thence, taking with him the young Captive Prince, and many
other Chiefs, he let out for Wargala, another Numidian Sovereignty
much refembling Tuggurt, about forty Spa'nijb Leagues farther South j that
Prince having, likewife, refufed his annual Tribute to the Turks, of thirty

1 Blacks

The History ^Algiers. 37$

Blacks, moflly Females. Arriving there, he found that large City utterly
abandoned, except by forty rich Negro Merchants, who came thither to
traffic, and were obliged to wait all Events, as having been robbed of
their Camels by the Fugitives. With thefe the Bajha compounded for
the Amount of 200000 Ducats in Tibber, or Gold Dull, and then fee
them at Liberty : And being informed, that the King of Wargala, with
4000 Horfe, was retired to a ftrong Place, named AUCala, fituate on a
Mountain, feven Days Riding (reckoned fifty Spanifi Leagues) farther
within the Libyan Defarts, on the Borders of ALthiopia inferior , or Negro-
land, he difpatched a Courier, on a c Dromedary, to that Prince, alluring
him upon the Ottoman Emperor's Head (a great Oath among the Orientals)
and his own Word of Honour, not to offer the lead Injury, for that Time,
either to himfelf or any of his People 5 but that he, and every one of his
Followers and VafTals, might return to their refpec~bive Abodes in all Safety^
and there remain unmolefted > (till provided they never again refufed duly
remitting the agreed-on Tribute: For upon the firft Omiffion of that
Nature, they might depend upon another fuch Vifit, to convince them
and all the World, that the Turks of Algiers are not a People to be trifled
with. They came} and he kept his Word inviolably.

Having finifhed his Affairs there, Salba Rais again bent his Courfe
North : And paffing by Tuggurt, he releafed the young Prince and moft of
the Prifoners ; and obliged him and fome of the principal Men to take
an Oath of Fidelity to the Turks, and conftantly to pay them their juft
Tribute} which the Sovereigns of both thofe States continue ftill to
do, notwithstanding their great Remotenefs within fuch Defarts. Marmot
fays, the Bajha carried to Algiers fifteen Camels Load of Gold, befides
much other rich Spoil j adding, that he left a Garrifon of Algerines at
each of thofe Numidian Cities. Whatever was done then I cannot af-
firm, either pro or con: But certain it is, that, for many Years pad, nei-
ther of thofe Cities have had any Turkijh Garrifons } and an Officer, under
the Eaft ward Bey's Direction, goes every Winter to Tuggurt ( but fcarce
ever to Wargala) and from thence brings the forty five Blacks : The Title
of this Officer is Al-Caid alHedeya, He commonly refides at Bifcara-, of
which Numidian City, where the Algerines have long maintained a conflant
Garrifon, fome Notice may be taken in a more proper Place. Hedeya in Ara~

* ' W iiW !>! 111 M ii i lW J. WI III '

j VideYol. L p. 101, & feq.

bii

$74 2#<? ttlSTO.RV Of ALCltK^Z

bk fignifies no other than a Prefentj by which it might feem as if the
Donors mean that annual Remittance only as fiich* tho' the Receivers
'count and demand it as a Tribute. In his Way home this Bafha built the
now neglected Caftle at Mefila-y of which Place hereafter.

A. D. iff 3. This Summer S alb a Rats went on Cruife with a ilout
Fleet of forty Gallies, Galecti and Brigantines, exceedingly well-manned
and appointed. Coming fudcienly upon the Ifland Mayor ca, hejnftantly
landed a confiderable Body of Turks, with View of fweeping off the Inha-
bitants of a Village or two, as ufual in fome of thofe Expeditions. But
the Alarm reaching the Capital, a good Number of the Militia, led on by
the Gentry and others on Horfe-back, came up with thofe Free-Booters*
before they could do much Mifcbief. A fmart Difpute enfued, in which,
fays Haedo, the Wanders, with very little Lofs, left dead on the Spot near
j"oo of the Corfairs. Among the Slain none was fo much regretted as a
certain bold Renegado Captain of a Galley, named Toufouf Rais, who was
highly efteemed by all, and moft dearly beloved by his Patron the Admiral
Haji iVetti.

The Bajba perceiving how little Good was to be expected there, made
over to the Spanijb Continent , but his Fame flying before him, and the
great Force he brought (Inking univerfal Terror, he approached not
one Part of the whole Coaft but be found it guarded. Thus difappointed
every where, he (truck down to the Streights Mouth, and there fell in
upon five Portuguefi Frigats of War, and a Brigantine, newly come from
Lisbon, with MuUi Abou-Haan, King of Bedefs (corruptly called Velez
by the Spaniards) whom the King of Portugal had furniftied with that
Squadron^ on Board which were feveral Companies of Veterans, to favour
his Pretentions to the Throne of Fez. Thofe Wars arc largely treated
of by Marmoly but are not fo much to our Purpofe.

It was a dead Calm, and confequently the Ships had no Motion 5 info-
jnuch that they were inftantly furrounded by the Algeria Fleet, and, after
a very furious Difpute, entered and taken : For the Portuguefe, feveral
Times cleared their Ships, and for three Hours madea'very brave Defenfej
nor did they furrender till the Majority were (lain, and almofi: all the Sur-

ors grievouily wounded. Among the Prilbners were the faid Meori.fi
Prince, and about twenty of his African Followers.

With thefe Prizes Salba Rats went to that fmall rocky Tfland, lyingjbe-

fore the City of Bedefs, called by Spanijb Writers, El Penon de Felez.

ft', i The

7 he History ^Algiers. 375

The Governor, who held that mod important Fortrefs for the King of
Fez, was named Al-Caid Moufa; who underftanding the Bajba of Algiers
to be there in Pcrfon, accompanied by the rightful Proprietor of the Parts
he governed, whether feized with a pannic Fear, or in order to ingratiate
himfelf with Mulei Abou-Hajfan, whofe bitter Enemy he had always been,
and in whofe Behalf he fancied the Turks were come, fent to make a Ten-,
der of not only that Fortrefs (which he fo eafily might have defended
againft ten fuch Fleets j there being but one mod difficult Way to afcend
the Rock, by which they can march but one a-Breaft) but likewife the
City of Bedefs itfelf, whereof he was alfo Governor. But this Offer was
generoufly refufed by Salba Rais j who obligingly thanked him for his
good Will, faying j That, being in Alliance with his Fezzan Majefty,
he came not thither to violate that Peace, by taking PofTeftion of any Pare
of his Territory : Adding, with a Munificence worthy himfelf, that far
from any fuch Defign, he touched there purely to make a Prefent to his
faid Matter of thofe Prizes, he had newly taken, with all their Cannon,
CsrV. and farther to ferve the King of Fez, he would take with him to
Algiers that Prince, his Capital Foe and Competitor, who had been roam-
ing about Chriftendom, to ftir up even thofe avowed Enemies of his Creed
and Perfon, to furnifti him with the Means of depriving him of both
Realm and Lifej notwith (landing the advantageous Proffers that Prince
was making him, if he would efpoufe his Caufe: And that, all the Return he
required at the hands of the King of Fez was, that he would honour him with
his Friendihip, and not fuffer his Subjects to moleft the Kingdom of Tremi-
zan, then appertaining to the State of Algiers, by attempting to pafs its
Boundary, the River Mtylwia, with any Body of Troops capable of dis-
turbing the Peace, or giving Umbrage. And fo, injoining him to deli-
4 ver that Meffage to the King of Fez, and leaving the Flights, with all
the fine Brafs Cannon, he returned to Algiers.

Before we proceed, it may not be improper to fay fomething of thermal
Extirpation of the ancient Zeyan Family, which, for fo many fucceeding
Ages, had. enjoyed the once noble Kingdom of tremizan ; which in a fore-
going Page we faid was become an Algerim Province, as it ft ill continues.
My Author is Marmol.

According to this Writer, the Turks again reft o red that Realm to the
fame Prince whom the three Al-Caids had forced to feck Refuge at Oran- 9
tho' Haedo is filent. It is true his Sovereignty was limited by a Turktfo

Garrifon.

376 The HrsTORV of Algiers^

Garrifon. His Words are to this Effect. From thence- forwards Mulei
Hamed aben Zeyan remained King otTremizan, and reigned peaceably, till
he died of the Peftilence. He continued always in Amity with Hajfan
Aga \_Bafoahe mould havefaid] Governor of Algiers, and afterwards with
Salha jRais who fucceeded him. Hamed aben Zeyan being dead [he fays
not when] Salha Rats made his Friend Mulei Hajfan, Brother to that
Prince, King of Tremizan , on Condition, that he ihould deliver into his
Pofleflion the FortrefTes of the Kingdom. To this he confented 9 and
the Turks placed Garrifons in the Citadel of Tremizan, and in the other
Strong- Holds. But about four Years after, upon finding the Turks,
with exceflive Arrogance, infolently domineering over the whole Country,
and committing innumerable Beaftialities and Diforders, he repented what
he had donej and defirous of remedying it by expelling them, he began
to treat of thefe Affairs with the Count De Alcaudtte, Governor- General
of Oran, But while this was in Agitation, the Turks, taking Wind of
it, alarmed the Arabs abroad and the Citizens at home, by infinuat-
ing to them, that Mulei Hajfan was about to re-introduce the Cbriflians
into Tremizan, again to deftroy it. Upon thefe Rumours the People grew
outrageous j and fo terrified him with their Menaces, that, being fenfible
his own Vaflals were confpiring againft his Life, in order to put the Turks
in abfolute Pofleflion of the Realm, he fled to Oran, with his whole Family :
Where, having remained three Years, contriving how to bring about his
Restoration, he was carried off by a contagious Diftemper , leaving only
one Son, fix Years of Age, who turned Chrijlian, and was named Don
Carlos } on whom his Catholic Majefty, Don Philip II, afterwards be-
llowed certain Lands, in Caftile, for his Subfiftence. Thus Marmol y who
Teems moft out in fome Points of Chronology, as will farther appear from
what is faid by Haedo. As to the Bulk of the Narrative, I take it to
be Fact.

What he fays of Turkijh Arrogance and Beaftiality, nothing is truer;
of all which many Inftances fhall be given. In Anfwer to fuch as fpeak
in a Turk's Commendation, the Arab and African Peafants have a common
Saying : viz. " Since you like him fo well, take him Home with you."
To return to Salha Rais.

He had not been at Algiers above three Months, when News arrived,
that a great Body of Tingitanians had pafled the River Mulwia, and were
.committing Hostilities in the Wcflern Province. It is difputed, whether

The History <?/ Algiers. 377

by the Sheriffs Order, or Connivance, or that thofe Troops were only
Free-Booters. Nay, according to the Spanijb Writers, fome wholly de-
nied the Fact itfelf j alledging that Report to have been only an Artifice
of the Bajha of Algiers, whofe Eyes were dazzled by the mighty Offers
made him by his Prifoner. All I can fay to it is, that fuch a Procedure
little agrees with the reft of his Character. But be it this Way or that,
he refolved on a War with the Sheriff and emploied the whole Winter in
making Preparations for that Expedition.

A. D. ifj*4. Very early this Year, Salha Rats, accompanied by Mulei
Abou-Hajfan, fet out Weft ward, with 6000 Turkijh Infantry {Marmol
fays but 4000) 1000 Spahis and twelve Field-Pieces. In the Way he was
joined by 4000 choice Arab Cavalry, and with a good Number of High-
landers, likewife Cavalry, fent him by the King ofCucco-, which Prince,
as well as the Turks, was then at War with the King of Bent- Abbas : But
of thofe Particulars more anon. To take Care of the Ordinance, the Bajha,
from among all his Slaves, had culled out eighty of the ftouteft and moft
able Men, to whom he promifed Liberty, if they conducted them fafe to
Fez-, which Promife he afterwards punctually performed.

Befides this Land-Army, he fent, by Sea, twenty two Gallies and Ga-
leots, excellently well provided 5 with Orders to put into a certain Ha-
ven about eight Miles from Melilla, and 1 20 from Fez j that in Cafe any
Difgrace befel the Army, they might have thofe Veflels there at Hand
for a Retreat.

Salha Rats arriving, with the Camp, at the City Tejfa, or Tedfa, about
eighty Miles fhort of Fez, he there came up with the Sherif, who waited
his coming at the Head of 40000 Horfe and as many Foot.

But our brave Bajha, nothing difmayed at Sight of this numerous Army,
determined on the Attack : Indeed, he had fome Dependence on feveral
Al-Caids in the Sheriff Camp, whofe Letters, both to himfelf and Mulei
Abou-Hajfan, affined them, that, upon their firft Advance, they would
infallibly ihift Sides : And fome of them did fo. For the Battel was fcarce
begun, but they wheeled about, and joining the Turks, the Sherif was
put to Flight, with confiderable Damage.

After this Victory, Salha Rais entered Tedfa, where he was well re-
ceived. There leaving 200 Turks, he hafted to Fez, where the Sherif
again recruited, lay incamped expecting him, clofe by the Wall of New-
Fez, by the Burial-Place. The Ttngitanian Army being again vvorfted,
Vol. II. C c c the

378 the History of Algiers.

the Sherif retired precipitately into the City, and was (o warmly purfued
by the Turks, that the Bajha of Algiers entered one Gate at the very In-
ftant when the King of Fez was Tallying out at the oppofite one, in or-
der to efcape to Morocco. That Divifion of this Metropolis which is called
New-Fez, was totally pillaged by the Algerines, who found therein an im-
menfe Booty : And they being about to do the like Favour to the Jews
Quarter, which is feparated by a Wall from the reft of the City, thofe
People wifely compounded vriih.SaJba Rats for 300000 Ducats: And be-
caufe two Janifaries, notwithstanding that Compofition, broke into the
Juderia, with a Deflgn to plunder, the Bafha inftantly caufed them to be
hanged up over the Gate of the faid Juderia, or Jews Quarter. All this
happened in March.

I remember to have read in a Spanijb Hiftorian ( Diego de Torres, if I
miftake not) that the Jews of that City appeared in the Gate- Way of their
Quarter, with what Weapons came to Hand, relblutely determined to de-
fend their Houfes and Families j which chiefly prevailed on the Bajha to
compound with them : And, that afterwards, many Jews fared very indiffe-
rently,for theirVanity and Imprudence, in upbraiding the Moorijh Inhabitants
witH the Dilhonour of their Wives and Daughters, as well as Lofs of Goods,
as wholly occafioned by their Pufillanimity and Want of a like Refolution.
One would think, out of mere Policy, and for Self-Prefervation, that mb-
tile, temporizing People might have known better j fince among the Moors,
and more particularly thofe of the Tingitana, they are far from- being allow-
ed to be fo impertinent, or to aflume any of the Liberties they do among
fome Chriftians.

Mutei Abou-Hajfan was proclaimed King of Fez: And, as a Gratificati-
on to Salha Rats, he paid down what he called bis Table- Money, at the
Rate of 3000 Meticals, or Gold- Ducats per Diem, reckoning from the
Day of his leaving Algiers: And to all the Turkijb Soldiers he not only gave
them their ufual Pay, but likewife a very liberal Over-plus j as to the
Officers he magnificently diftributed among them other very valuable
Prefents, befides Horfcs, Mules and Camels for themfelves and the rich
Baggage they had amafTed in that Campaign.

Haedo takes particular Notice of one generous Action of this Bajha,
and terms it a Royal Courtefy. The Sheriffs chief Wife, and two of his
young Daughters, falling into his Hands, he not only caufed them to be
mod nobly ferved, with all poflible Honour and Refpec~b 3 but alfo fent
them to him at Morocco, well guarded and attended. After

The History ^/Algiers. 3 7 j

After all this, he flayed at Fez itill a Month longer, fettling the Affairs
of that Realm for the new King, and reconciling to him many powerful
Al-Caids and other important Perfons. When prefuming him to be fe-
cure on his Throne, he departed homewards, marching very deliberately,
and making fome Stay at Tremizan, Mofiaganem and Ttnmz\ where hav-
ing left all Matters relating to the Public in very good Order, he return-
ed in Triumph to Algiers. .

When the before- mentioned Jl-Caid Moufa, Governor of Bedefs, heard
of thofe Revolutions, and greatly fearing Mulei Abou-FIaJjan, as having
greatly offended him, he initantly abandoned the impregnable Fortrefs El-
Penon. This was no fooner underftood by the Algerine Squadron, near
Melilla, but thofe Corfairs, thinking that Opportunity too good to be
neglected, immediately weighed, and took PorTeffion, as not meeting with
one Oppofer; leaving in it a Garrifon of 2,00 Turks: For which notable
Piece of Service they were by Salha Rais courteoufly thanked and liberally
gratified. The Algerine Turks held that Place till 15*64, when it was taken
by Philip II, King of Spain, as mall be obferved.

A* D. iffj*. This Year Salha Rais, in Perfon, took the Maritime
City of Bujeya from the Spaniards: Of which Exploit take the following
Particulars. Frequent Mention has been made of this City, but efpecially
in the Life of Arouje Barba-roffa 5 who was there twice repulfed and loft
an Arm. It was taken by Don Pedro Navarro, from the Moors, in if 10,
Toon after the lame General took Oran, as he did much about the fame
Time, divers other Places on the Coaft of Barbary.

In June the BaJIja fet out by Land with a Camp of only 3000 Turks-,
fending by Sea two Gallics, a great Bark and a French Saetia, with twelve
Battering Cannon and two very large Pedreros, with a fufficient Quantity
of all neceflary Provifions and Ammunitions. The Reafon why he fent fo
fmall a Naval Force, was becaufe, juft at that Junfture, the Prior of Capua.
was arrived at Algiers, with twenty four French Gallies, and Letters from
the Grand Signor j the Purport whereof was, to injoin Salha Rais to fur-
nilli that General with all the Gallies and Men he could poffibly fpare, in
Favour of Francis I, King of France, who was embroiled in a furious War
with Philip II, the new King of Spain. In Confeqnence whereof, the
Bajha gave the faid Prior twenty two large and well-provided Gallies and
Galeors, full of Janifaries, with good Store of fine Artillery and all other
Neceflaries: Tho' of all this Marmol mentions not one Word* but, in-

Ccci flead

3$o The History of Algiers.

flead thereof, affirms Salba Rais to have gone againft Bujeya with a Fleet
of twenty two Gallies, by Sea, and more than 40000 Men, by Land, of
which Number 10000 bore Fire- Arms: And that his going was at the
particular Inftigation of an African Saint, whofe Name was Sidi Maham-
mad Al-Haji. This laft Article is, indeed, likely enough , for the fantti-
fied People of Africa are not a Jott lefs prone to Mifchief, and to fet Folks
together by the Ears, than they are eliewhere. But as to the reft, fince
we have the Authority of another very good Spaniard, I mean Haedo, who,
apparently, feems to have been, many Years, a Captive at Algiers, and to
have made thefe Affairs fo much his Bufinefs, in my humble Opinion, it
fmells very much as if the other Spaniard envied the Algerines the Honour
of wrefting from the Spaniards that important Place, with only Part of their
Forces. I would nor, willingly, pafs a wrong Judgment j yet cannot help
thinking it looks fomewhat like it. If Marnuil did not, purpofely and in-
vidioufly^w* this material Article, I heartily crave his Pardon : Perhaps,
it never came to his Knowledge. But this we all know, that the French and
the Turks were, all along, as much Cater-Coufins as they have been ever
fince, or as either of them could have defired.

In his Way to Bujeya (diftant from Algiers, due Eaft, thirty Spanifh
Leagues) Salba Rais was joined by upwards of 30000 Arabs and Africans,
a good Number of thefe laft fent him by the King of Cucco : For thofe Peo-
ple are ever prompt to hurry, in Sholes, on Expeditions like this, which they
deem meritorious. When he arrived at that City, with his Camp, and had got
a-fhore his heavy Artillery, &c. he made no Delay, but foon planted two
Batteries > one of fix Cannon, on the Eminence over the Town (juft in
the Way by which they afcend the Mountain, at whofe Foot Bujeya lies
fituate) againft the Imperial Caflle, as it was called, built fome Years be-
fore, on the Brow of another Eminence, by Charles the Emperor 3 the
other Battery, of the remaining fix Cannon and the two Pedreros, was
formed againft the Caftle, at the Mouth of the Port, called El Vergellete :
Of this he took himfelf the Direction , and the other he left to the Care
and Management of Al-Caid Toufouf, a Renegado Greek.

The Cannonading was fcarce begun, when a Spanifh Galeon arrived
with a Supply of Soldiers, Provifions and Money to pay and fupply the
Garrifon : But it was foon funk by the Cannon from the Bajba's Battery.
On the eighth Day, El Vergellete being rendered in a Manner indefenfible,
and the beft Part of 100 Soldiers who defended it being killed, the reft

z were

The History a/Algiers. 381

were obliged to retreat to the Town: As were, fix Days after, the Refi-
due of thofe in Garrifon in the Imperial Cajlle ; neither of which Fortreffes
were able long to refill the Fury of the Turkijh Cannon, which, fays my
Author Haedo, were very large.

Thefe Caftles gained, Salha Rais deemed himfelf Matter of the Place, as
did the Chrijlians give up their felves for loft. Whereupon the Bajba fenc
to the- Spanijh Governor, named Don Alonfo de Peralta, a Gentleman of a
great Family in Spain-, putting him in Mind of his Infufficiency to make
a much longer Defenfe, confidering the Crazinefs of the City Walls 3 ac
the fame Time, offering him reafonable Conditions upon his immediate
Surrendry. After feveral Meflages, the Bajha condefcended that he Ihould
chufe forty Perfons whom he pleafed, (Marmol fays but twenty, and that
Salha Rais had promifed Liberty to all the Inhabitants) and with them
imbark, for Spain, on the French Veflel. But Don Alonfo enjoyed not long
the Fruits of thofe Conditions j for King Philip caufed his Head to be
taken off, fome few Months after his Arrival.

To prevent Diforders, the Bajha commanded, on Pain of immediate
Death, that no Turk, or other, ftiould prefume to enter the City with him,
except thofe he fhould appoint : And, the late Governor and his Company
being got fafe Aboard, the Bajha rode into the Town, well guarded %
where he found 400 Men, 120 Women and about 100 Children} all
which were made Captives. The Spoil of this City was very rich} and
the Turks alfo recovered the funk Galeon, and found therein fome Barrels
of Money, to the Amount of 12000 Ducats. Of the Booty and Captives
Salha Rais made liberal Diftribution among the moft deferving of his
Turks and Moors: When leaving at B ujeya a Renegado Sardinian, named
Al-Caid All, Sardo, with 400 Turks, he returned, by Land to Algiers j
having firft fent away the Galeon, and his other Shipping, richly laden with
the Spoils of that Place, which had been thirty five Years pofTefled by the
Spaniards. This whole Expedition took up Salha Rais'yib two Months,
from his Setting out to his Return to Algiers.

Tho' Marmol, almoft every where elfe, in Exploits againft Mujfitlmam,
paints out this tough old Bajha as a Leader of moft confummate Bravery and
Conduct, yet here, agitated with a true Catholic Zeal, he aims at reprefenting
him as a faithlefs Pagan. The more generous Haedo makes no fuch At-
tempt} but in very many Places, feems, with a ftricl: Regard to Truth, to
give every one his juft Due: Nay, in a Word, feems not as if he wrote to

pleafe

3$* The History of Algiers.

pleafe any but himfelf. And, indeed, why fhould the Truth ever give Of-
fence! But no Good is to be done, with fome Sort of People, if they are
not humoured^ by playing the Sycophant: Which, however tolerable to
he practifed towards froward Children, or connived at towards pamper-
ed, whimfical Females, fhould, methinks, be deemed wholly beneath the
Dignity of irately, lordly Man!

Juft by this City, towards the Eaft, runs into the Mediterranean a large
River, named Al ff'eyd al-Kebfr, i. e. The Great River ; tho' it has a Title
to that Name only after great Floods of Rain ; the Waters then rowling
down from the adjacent Mountains, in impetuous Torrents. In Summer
and good Part of Autumn, if a dry Seafon, it carries fcarce any Water at
all 5 and then the Great River's forfaken Bed is only to be feen. Tho' it
abounds with excellent Fifh, they are quite neglected by the lazy Inhabi-
tants 5 who are plentifully furnifhed, at eaGer Rates and in greater Variety,
by their kind Neighbour, the Sea. When Bujeya belonged to the Spa-
niards, the Natives acquaint us, that, even when fulleft with Water, no
Veflels, of any Sort whatever, could enter this River; fo was its Mouth
guarded by a Bank of Sand ; but that the very Winter after this Place was
taken by Salba Rats, the Seafon proved fo exceflively rainy, th.it the Vi-
olence of the Stream carried it clear away ; infomuch that it left free Ad-
mittance even to Ships of confiderable Burden, where they may lie out of
all Danger of Weather, except fome oblique Blafts of vehement North
Winds, by Reverflon, as it were, from thofe impending Highlands. This
is the River that runs between the mountainous Regions of Beni- Abbas
and Zwouwa, or the Kingdom of Cucco, fo often mentioned ; leaving this
laft to the North and that to the South, In fome Parts of the Country
thro' which it takes its Courfe, the Name varies, as ufual to manypther
Rivers; being called the River Summan, the River of Bujeya , &c.

Soon after this Conqueft, viz. at the Beginning of September this Year,
ifff, Salba Rais fent the Ottoman Emperor, and his chief Favourites, moft
magnificent Prefents of beautiful Slaves, with other valuable and curious
Donatives. Thefe were accompanied with the Account of his late Expe-
dition, and a Requeft to that Monarch, that, the Year following, he
might be fupplied with a Fleet from the Levant, wherewith, in Conjunction
with his own Forces, that bold Bajha promifed to reduce Or an and d Mar fa

*FiJeVt>\. I. p. 332.

Al-KeHr

7 he History ^/Algiers.' 3 S3

Al-Kebir, and expel, from thofe fo important maritime Places, their avow-
ed Enemies the Spaniards. And the better to negociate this Affair, Salba
Rais deputed his only Son, named Mahamcd, who was afterwards Rajhn
of Algiers.

This being very well relifhed by his Ottoman Highnefs, forty Gallies
were ordered expeditioufly to be got ready againft the fucceeding Summer,
with 6000 Turkijh Soldiers j that Number being all Salba Rais required.
Mean while great Preparations were making at Algiers; tho' the Occafion
was kept very private.

A. D. iff6\ Early in May this Year, the faid Squadron of Gallies

fet out from Conflantinople, and in about thirty Days got down to Bujeya.

And as the Bajba of Algiers had timely Notice of their Departure from

the Levant^ he was in fuch a Pofture, that the Moment News came of

their being within Sight of that his Ute Conqueft, he hafted away from

the Harbour of Algiers, with thirty ftout and well-appointed Gallies and

Galeots, on which were upwards of 4000 Janifaries-, and that he did for

two Reafons : One, to endeavour, if poflible, to exempt the Levantines

from being infected with the peftilential Contagion, which then raged at

Algiers with the utmoft Violence : The other, as a Blind, to keep, as long

as he could, the Enemy in Ignorance of his Defigns. With thefe Views he

rowed away for t< Temendefuft', fending Notice thereof to the Leaders of that

Squadron, requiring them to repair thither. " But, fays the now zealous

<c F. Haedo (for I cannot forbear uiing his own Words, being fo- much

like what I fometimes condemn in MarmoT) " he had not reached that

" Harbour, when the juft and provident Judgment of GOD, who, ac

<c that Juncture, was pleafed to deliver the City of Oran from fo cruel a

" Tyrant, fuddenly fmote him with a very terrible Plague-Sore in his

< c Groin, which in four and twenty Hours carried him off > no Remedies

<c availing." The Spanijh Words, which are here rendered carried bimoff^

are le arranco la Alma ; i. e. tore bis Soul out. This by Way of Tafte. He

continues to the following Tenor.

The whole Fleet was feized with the deepeft Concern and Confterna-
tion at the Lois of this Perfon : And, returning inftantly to Algiers, they
interred him without the Gate called ife^-a/-/^*/, among the other Bajhas,
in a Sepulcher very near the Sea, over which his own brave Renegado and

\ Vide Vol. I. p. 302.

1 unfortunate

34 The History of Algiers.

unfortunate Succeflbr, Hajfan Corfo, built a handfome Dome; and which
was, forae Years after, by Mahamed B a/bay his above-mentioned Son, when
he was advanced to that Vice-Royalty, much embellimed and endowed
with a competent Revenue for a Lamp to burn therein continually, and
the Maintenance of a Religious Moor, to pray for the Soul of the Defunct,
with a Captive Chriftian to attend him, to keep clean the faid Sepulcher,
and plant Flowers; " as, adds this f Author, is ftill to be feen."

Salba Rais died at the Age of feventy. He was of a middling Stature,
corpulent and fwarthy. In all his Undertakings he {hewed a confummate
Resolution j and was in War Affairs molt fedulous and ever fuccefsful. He
left but one Son, as we have obferved.

His Wars with the Prince of Beni Abbas are purpofely omitted here,
till we treat fomewhat particularly of that valiant African, and of his Death,
three Years later. Many Hiftorians make great Mention of Salba Rais :
But, to avoid Prolixity, only the mod material Facts are inferted.

CHAP. IX.
Bash a VI. VII. VIII. IX. The unfortunate Hassan

C O R S O. T E K E L L I. Y O U S O U F. A L - C A I D Ya-

h i a. This lafi ^Regent, or Titular V i c e - R o y 3
the fecond a Basha fent from the P o r t e } the others
Algerine Renegadoes, made Bashas by the
Soldiery.

UPON the Death of Salba Rais, the Turks of Algiers unanimoufly
elected, as his Succeflbr till farther Orders from the Ottoman Court,
a very worthy Renegado of the late Bajha's, named Hdjan, a Native of
Corftca and his peculiar Favourite, whom he always held as the fecond

f I am not certain the like is now to be feen. Haedtfs Hiflory was publifhed in 1 61 2 ; tho'
he break* off near twenty Years earlier.

Perfon

The History a/Algiers. 385

Perfon to himfelf. During his Patrols Adminiftration, this Hajfan Corfo,
tho' a young Man, had been Bey-lcr-Bey, or Captain-General of all the
Land-Forccsi and on all Occafions gave the greater!: Proofs, as well of a
rare pcrfonal Bravery, as of a fingular Prudence and Conduct, even in the
weightiest Affaire; infomuch that he was universally eftcemed and dearly
beloved ; more particularly by the Janifaries^ who had ferved under him,
and whofe Hearts he had made his own, not only by his great. Lenity and
affable Difpofition, but alfo by a boundlefs Munificence : Qualities as ac-
ceptable there as elfewhere.

Nor was it without the utmoft Reluctance and inceflant Importunities
that this difinterefted Rcnegado would be prevailed on to accept of the pro-
fered Dignity : Yet the Perfeverance of the whole Body of a People was
not always to be withftood 5 (o, according to Haedo, he was actually com-
pelled to a Compliance. -

On the other Hand, the Levant Fleet, ignorant of the Death of Salha
Rais, Avas come down near Algiers^ and then firit. got Intelligence of what
had happened. The new Bafha received them well: And having entered
into a Confultation with the principal Officers, it was concerted, that they
fhould fend Word of the Bafhtfs Deceafe to the Grand Signor, and pro-
ceed to Oran without waiting his Reply. Accordingly, a nimble Galeot
was difpatehed on that MetTage, and the Camp fet out, confiding of only
6000 Foot and 1000 Horfe,5arf;thd' it was foon joined by a Body of 1 0000
Arab and African Cavalry, and more than 30000, of the fame People, not
mounted. - The 6000 Levant Turks , about thirty Pieces of battering Can-
non, fome of them enormoufly large, with all other Neceflaries, were
fent, by Sea, to Moftaganem, in the feventy Gallies. There landing the
faid Troops and Artillery, they were foon joined by Hajfan Corfb 9 with
his Camp ; who led them directly to Oran.

Not many Days after this vigorous Renegado had begun his Hoftilities
againftthe Out- Works, and before any very considerable Progrefs had been
made (not to mention trivial Skirmimes) the Galeot returned from Con-,
ftantinople, with Orders from the Ottoman Emperor, to Hajfan Corfo and
his Chiefs, that, in cafe they were not already gone to Oran, they fhould
deiifl: from all Thoughts of that Enterprize for the prefentj and even that,
if the Siege was actually commenced, they fhould inftantly raife it and re-
turn : " Becaufe, fays Haedo, the Grand Turk conceived, that flnce the
Vol. H. D d d " Valour

3 36 The History of Algiers.

" Valour and Fortune of Salba Rais were wanting, there could not be
u any Certainty of Succefs in their undertaking that War."

The Perfon who brought thefe unwelcome Orders, was that famous
Renegado Corfair, known in Hiftory under the corrupt Name of Ocbali,
of whom we fhall anon have much Occafion to treat, in the Capacity of
Bajba of Algiers ; and afterwards as Captain- Bajba, or High Admiral of the
Turkijb Emperor's Fleets. Haedo affirms this Injunction to have been ex-
tremely ill received $ " by Reafon that the Turks, fays he, imagined they
t* Should then have infallibly carried their Point 5 there being at thatjunc-
" ture a very weak Garrifon in Or an. But not daring to difobey the
" Grand Signor, they immediately broke up, and, by Sea and Land, as
" they came, returned to Algiers. a The Cafe is much altered with them
flnce, as to their implicit Obedience to that Monarch j as will be made
appear : Nay, we-are jult entering upon a very notable Inftance of their
Difobedience, even in thofe early Times.

Hajfan Corfo, during the fhort Time of his Adminiflration, governed
this State with general Satisfaction and Applaufe : " For, fays this Author,
" it is affirmed by many Turks, Renegadoes and Cbrijlians who knew him,
u that he was a mod worthy Perfonage, exceedingly mild, affable and
" liberal, and fo far from being an Enemy to the Cbriflians, that he bore
f* a very fingular Affection to them and their Concerns y and this to fuch
" a Degree, that, in all thofe Cafes efpecially, he neither could nor knew
" how to diffemble."

Four Months were not quite expired, when News came to Algiers,
that eight Gallies, from the Levant, had brought down, as far as Tripolyt
a new Vice- Roy to fucceed Hajfan Corfo: And that the Party was a prin-
cipal Turk, of the Grand Signor's Court, whofe Name was Tekelli. My
Author mifcalis him Tbecheoli. Thefe Ty dings gave a general Difcontent;
there not being one Perfon in the whole State whu> was not intirely well
fatisfled with the Procedure of Hajfan Corfo : Infomuch, that the Turks,
of every Condition, forming themfelves into Cabals, came unanimoufly to
a Refolution of not accepting the new Bajba, but of continuing Hajfan
Corfo in his Government } and immediately to acquaint the Sultan, at the
Porte, how they were determined.

This being univerfally decreed, more efpecially by the whole Body of

Fide Vol. L p. 320.

I ~ the

The Histor? of Algiers. 387

the Janifaries, Orders were, in their Names, difpatched away to the Al-
Caids, or Governors of Bona and Bujeya ; ftrictly and peremptorily injoin-
ing them, that if the faid new Vice-Roy fhould put into their Harbour?,
they fhould abfolutely tell him, " That the beft Method he could take
" would be to return forthwith to C 'onji ant in ople ; fince the Janifaries of
" Algiers were unalterably refolved, not to have any other Governor than
" Hajfan Corfo ; and were about writing to the Ottoman Sultan concern-
" ing that their ultimate Refolution :" Adding, " That, in cafe he ftill
" perfiftcd, they fhould fire at him."

Tekelli arriving before Bona, the Al-Caid, who was a Renegado Greek,
named Mufiafa, delivered him the MefTage fent him by the Janifaries ;
which he not regarding, but haughtily expreffing his Indignation, Al-Caid
Mujlafa caufed fome Shot to be made at his Galley ; whereby he was con-
ftrained to depart. The very fame Treatment he met with at Bujeya-, ac
which Place we obferved Salha Rais to have left Governor a Renegado of
Sardinia, whofe Name and Appellation were Al-Caid AH, Sardo.

Notwithstanding thefe unexpected Repulfes, which put him into a very
indifferent Humour, Tekelli infilled on his Point, and bore away for Algiers ;
as not doubting but that he there fhould find Reception. When he came
to Temendefuft, about twelve Miles fhort of that Capital, he fired, as ufual,
the Signal Gun; but was not anfwered, according to Cuftom. This
drove him and all his Followers into a no fmall Confufion and Dis-
content.

At Sight of the Grand Signor's Gallies, the Levents, or Corfairs o Al-
giers, who were then a very numerous Body, began to waver; exprefling
great Diflike and Uneafinefs at thofe violent Refolutions of the Jani-
faries.- We rauft here take Notice, that, till fome Years after this

Time, the Turks of Algiers (Renegadoes and b KuUOglous inclufively) were
two diftincl:, ill-agreeing Bodies, and on very different Eftablifhments.
The Levents, dreading the Confequences of thefe Proceedings, faid to each
other muttering; <c Why fhould we incur the Ottoman Emperor's Difplea-
" fure, and run the Hazard of being declared Rebels? What Bufinefs is
" all this of ours? What Occafion have we to care who is Bafloa of
" Algiers? Or to appear in the Behalf of one Catamite more than of an-
" other? Does the Bafba give us any Pay, as he does to the Janifaries?

b So they call their Sons born in Barban.
' Ddd 1

3 $$ The History 0/ Algiers.

m Or are we allowed any of their Immunities ? True : We enjoy the Sweets
" of roaming the Seas for Spoil} a Privilege they would be glad to par-
*' take with us, provided we could be prevailed on to participate of their
* Toils in Land Expeditions. And for this, are we at all obliged to the
" Bajba ? Shall we not have the fame Advantage whoever has the Bajhalic?
u Inftead of his helping towards our Maintenance, do we not contribute
" to fill his Coffers with the Produce of our Valour and Labour, at the
" Expence of our Blood and Rifque of our Liberty?" With more to this
Effect : But of all thefe Murmurings their Oppofites the Janifaries were
utterly ignorant. And thefe Difputes and reciprocal Pretentions, in which
the Levents were moil obftinate and faulty, long kept thofe two Sorts of
Algerines in a fcarce reconcileable Difcord, till they became incorporated*
fome Time after this, and, as they ftill remain, were fettled upon one and
the fame Footing-, viz. The Levents were entered into the Pay ofjani*
faries, and permitted to enjoy all their Privileges and Immunities, and the
Janifaries might, at Pleafure, go on Cruife in the Gallies and Galeots :
For the Corfairs of Barbary had then no other Shipping ; nor do I find
they built any others, till the Beginning of the laft Century.

It may not be improper here to advance fomething, in particular, con-
cerning this famous Order of Militia, which we and other Europeans cor-
ruptly call Janifaries, and which ought to be pronounced Teni-Tcheri $
adding Jer to the Plural j which Words import New-Band. The Arabs
pronounce it Tengbi-Sheheri.

Sultan Amurad, or Morat I. furnamed Gazzi, or the Conqueror, about
the Year 156ft having inftructcd, in Military Difcipline and the Mufful-
man Creed, a great Number of young Greeks, taken in War, refolved to
form them irite a diftinfb Band of Soldiery, and fent them to Haji Betlajh,
a Perfon highly venerated, by the Turkijh Nation, for hfs pretended Sanctity,
that he might give them his Benediction. The Derwifb blelTed them,
gave them that Appellation, and, cutting off one Sleeve of his Felt Gown>
put it on the Head of their Leader, fo that good Part of it fell back be-
tween his Shouldersj when fmiting him with his open Hand oh the Neck*
faid Teur Teni-Tcberi! Run Janifarj ! A Ceremony faid to be ftill ufed at
their Admiffion. For many Years none were admitted but the Sons of
Cbriftians; now quite otherwile. Their Habit is well-known: And the
ugly Cap, made of Felt, hanging down the Back, which they muft wear at
all Solemnities, is called abfolutely Ketcbay fignifying Felt. Since thofe

Bands

The History of Algiers. $t

Bands of Algerine Militia became one Body, the Levent Drefs is only in Ufe
among the Turkifh Soldiery of Barbary, who abominate all others > as for
the Oriental Habit, they utterly condemn it, as too embarraffing and eflfe- 1
minate: We may particularize in the Topography, To return.

Partly thro' Apprehenfion, but chiefly, as is fuppofed, in Oppofition to
the Janifaries, the Corfairs, or L6vents, agreed among themfelves to in-
troduce Tekelli: To effec~b which they ufed this Stratagem. They infinu-
ated to the Janifaries, that as their Gallies, &c. lay all diiarmed in the Port,
it was to be feared left Tekelli) incenfed at their repulfing him, fhould comej
in the Night, with his eight Gallies, and fet them on Fire 5 which Dif-
after would go a great Way towards the utter Ruin of them all : So that,
provided they (the Janifaries) would take Care of the Town and all other
Affiirs, they themfelves would undertake the Defenfe of the Marine, by
keeping ftrict Watch and Ward, ready armed, aboard their VefTels : To
all which the too credulous Janifaries readily and thankfully contented.
The next Step taken by the infidious, crafty Levents, was to counfel the
unfufpecting Janifaries, to depute fome proper Perfons to acquaint Tekelli
with their unanimous Determination j advifing that Bajha, in the Name
of their whole Body, " That, deflfting from all farther Attempts of fow-
u ing Difcord and Faction among a quiet People, he fhould absolutely and
" immediately depart their Coaft* fifice they were, even to a- Man, per-
M fectly well fatisfied with their prefent Governor."

To deliver this Embafly Admiral c Chuloc offered himfelf. Neither from
this Propofal did the well-meaning Janifaries any way offer to difTentj
but defired him inftantly to fet out. Thedefigning Corfair ufed fuch lit-
tle Diligence in making ready hisGaleot, that it was very near Night before
he departed j having fir 11 concerted his Meafurcs, and left them in Charge
with five Captains. Pretty late within Night Chuloc got to Tekelli-, when
retiring with that Bajha into his Cabbm, he began amain to rail againft
the iniolem Janizaries, and to intimate how intirely well difpofed all the
Levents were in- his Favour} acquainting him, circumstantially, how Mat-
ters were ordered. As all this was very much to the Relifh, of the half-
defponding Tekelli, hefoon agreed with his welcome Gueft on the Manner
they were to proceed: For taking twenty of his principal Officers wclln

c This Author mifcajls hrm Xaloque. The Tnrkijb Word Chhloc implies one who has a?
Urae Hand, or Arm.

armed.

S9Q The History of Algiers.

armed, he went on board Cbuloc's Galeot, Orders being left with the
eight Captains of his Gallies to follow at about a Milediftance. The Night
was dark, fo that the Levant Gallies came rowing after the Galeot unper-
ceived by any in the City;;

It had been agreed on, that, in cafe Tekellr would not drop his Pretentions,
Cbuloc ftiouid fire his middle Gun, as he came pretty near the Mole-Head:
And the Janifaries finding him arrived -without that Signal,, took all for
granted : So that before any ^ne Janifary knew a Syllable of what was in
Agitation, the eight Gallies were under the Peer. Tehlli and his Party,
with Cbuloc at their Head, found the Marine (warming with armed Levents 9
andunoppofed marched up the Caufey to Beb-al-Tzeira (corrupted from
Al-Jexeirat} which is the Mole-Gate, and wljich was already fecured by
the perfidious Corfairs.j tho* I.ftrongly fancy, that to have been the only
Time it wa? ever left all Night open, except during the French Bombard-
ments, as fome (ay, others jdeny : But the deceived Janifaries were, upon
this Occafion, uncommonly credulous.

A few Paces within that Gate, in the Street that leads to the Heart of
the Gity, where the Governor's Palace is (if it merits that Title) was a
large Houle, going up (everal Stone Steps (fince turned into a Barrack
for Soldiers, of which Buildings more in due Place) appointed for the Re-
ception of the new Bajbas, till their PredecefTors evacuated the Palace.
Thither was Tehlli conducted by Cbuloc, under a Guard of more than 300
Mufkets 5 many hundreds more lining that long narrow Street: As for the
Marine, as obferved, it thronged. Immediately the Turks from the Gal-
lies, all in Arms, leaped a-fhore and joined the Levents-, when nothing
was to be heard in the lower Part of the Town, but loud and repeated
Acclamations of, " Long live the Ottoman Sultan! TekeUU Tekelli/"

Thefe unexpected Shouts rouzing the Janifaries^ they came running,
from all Quarters, towards the Marine. But finding how Affairs flood, the
Streets full of lighted Matches in the Mufkets, they flunk away in the
greateft Confufion and Confirmation imaginable: Not that they could
eafily be perfuaded to the Belief of the Levant Gallies being already got in-
to the Port, and TekeUi actually within the City. But being convinced,
they prudently took the Advice of their very Betrayers, and retired.

TekeUi perceiving, to his no fmall Satisfaction, that he had.little farther
to apprehend from the lately fo determined Janifaries, dark as it (till was,
he marched directly to the Palace, attended by at leaft 2000 Fire- Locks.

7he HiSTdRY ^Algiers: 391

At the Porch he found Hajfan Corfo, advancing to meet and welcome him *
and who refpe&fullyexcufed himfelf, as not having done any one thing, to
difoblige him, thro' Choice, but mere Compulfion: To all which, not ad-
mitting his Excufes, Tekelli returned only a difdainful, angry Look, and
ordered him to be ftriclly fecured. From hence we may date Hajfan
Corfo's fliort Adminiftration,. which lafted not quite four Months. We
fhall foon hear his tragical End,, which happened a few Days after 5 and
how it was revenged.

This worthy Renegado (iffome People will allow any of his Cloth wor-
thy that Epithet) was in his thirty eighth Year, of a moderate Stature,
brown Complexion, fine large Eyes, and his Nofe aquiline. He left no
Children. He lies inhumed tinder a handlbme Dome, or Cupola, near that
of his Patron Salha Rais, which was, not long after his miferable Death,
erected for him by. Toufouf, his own Renegado, and generous Avenger.

Tekelli Bash a.

Morning was fcarce open, when the vindictive Tekelli, thus become Ma-
tter of Algiers, gave orders for the immediate departure of two Gallies, one
for Bujeya the other for Bona, to apprehend and bring the Al Caids of thofe
Places, from whom he had received fuch undutiful Treatment : Which Go-
vernors had the Misfortune of foon falling into his Power j tho' one came
off tolerably. The firft Days of this Bajha's Government patted in inform-
ing himfelf concerning the Ring-leaders of the late Tranfabions : And as
his predominant Paflion was Avarice, he took Money on all Hands, and
feemed to forget all Injuries 5 affirming that he thirfted for no Blood, but
only for that of the three Renegadoes 5 viz. Hajfan Corfo, and the two Al-
Caids.

In a very few Days the firft of them experienced it, being inhumanly
caft upon the Chingan, or Hook > of which diabolical Execution take the
following Defcfiption. There are now fattened in the out- fide of Beb-
Azoun Wall, on each Side, feveral ftrong large Hooks, very fharp, over
one of which the Criminal fits on the Wall, while a Rope is tying round his
Neck, and then pirfhed off upon the Hook, which cafually catches hold
of fome Part of the Body -, fo that the Wretch's Sufferings are longer or
fhorter according to the Fall : And happy is he who either mifles the Hook,
or is at once ftruck mortally. Some have been known to hang yelling,

even

evfcn five er !ixl>ays, bytfaeFoot, Chin, Rib?, or the like-nM. vital Parts,
none daring to fhoot then* as they inoefiantly defire -, thb' it a Turk ihould
be Co kipd as to do them that Favour, the Penalty would not, I fancy, be
very great; Not that I ever knew any Iwftance -, nor, for many Years, have
any; of triofe tetff ibie Executions been very frequent 5 but, generally lpeak-
irig, the offending Moor is purpofely thrown off the Wall lb as to hang
only by the Neck** except pofi rive Orders are given to the contrary. Bur
before the rebuilding that Gate in 157$, there were no Hooks in the Wall,
but they drew up the Party by a Pulley at a Mart's top, with a Cord tied
round bis Middle, th# otfcer* Ehd whereof \*s fattened to the Top of a
Sort- of Gibbet, beneath which was anbiner traverfe Beam with the Hook
in it, upon which the Wretch was let fall from aconfiderabk Height.

And this was the Treatment poor Hajfxn Ccrfo met with, from the in-
exorabk-2ff^f///, and remained in that Torture, three whole Days and
two Nights, with the Hook thro' his right Side Ribs. A Perfon whofe
Fate' Haedo feems greatly to deplore. It being Oclober, and the Weather
fomewhat cold (as I was told, fays this Author, by feveral Eye and Ear-
WknefTes) when any Captives pa(Ted, be would call out to tbem, faying,
For GOD's Sake, Chriltian, give me fomething to cover me* But there be-
ing Guards all about, none durft venture even to approach. On the con-
trary, he refufed to look towards any of the Barbarians, but feemed rather
to hold them in Abhorrence. At the third Day's End he expired. A
notable Inftance of the Inconftancy of Fortune!

Al-Caid Alt, Sardo was, for Part of the Time, his Fellow-Sufferer, near the
fame Place* and the Perfon upon whom Tekelli molt vented his Fury, Upon
him he exercifed to the utmofi; both his darling Paffions, Avarice and Revenge :
For knowing him to beimmenfely opulent [^HajfanQorfo haying been always
too liberal to bear that Character) in hopes of extracting his Wealth, he prac-
Xifed on him all the Tortures that .could have entered the Thought of even
a Dominican, To fay nothing of the Baftinado, and running lbarp Canes
under the Nails of his Fingers and Toes, his Flefh was lacerated, with
burning Pincers, and a Copper Vefiel, like a Cap, was made fiery hot and
put on his Head - y all which he endured with amazing Conftancy, and very
little tq the Advantage of his infatiablc Tormentor: Whereupon he was
impaled, and continued thus fpitted on the Stake more than half a Day,
uttering all the while (fays Haedo my Author) terrible, grievous and in-
ceilknt Groans and Complaints.

The History of Algiers, 393

As for Al-Caid Muftafa, Governor of Bona, he was not brought to Al-
giers till fome Days after. He was purfued and overtaken in his Way to
the Goletta, with a Mule's Load of Treafure and two of his own Renega-
does. The Bq/ba inftantly gave Sentence that he fhould be alfo impaled
alive j yet at the ftrenuous Interposition of a certain principal Turk of Al-
giers, and in Confideration of a very large Sum of Money, he obtained
Pardon.

Here I cannot but take Notice, how different the Power of thofe pri-
mitive Bafhas was from that of their later Succeflbrs, in putting Rene-
gadoes to fuch barbarous and ignominious Deaths, even during the Time
when thofe viler Sort of Algerines were in far greater Efteem than they
have been of late Years. Yet ftill, notwithftanding the real Contempt in
which the Turks hold them, they are always, like the Turks themfelves
honoured with the Bow-String, privately in Prifon 5 except in Cafes re-
lating to Religion j I mean their attempting to return to the Bofom of
the Chriflian Church. Then, indeed, their Privileges, as Turks, become
utterly forfeit 5 and they are generally left to the Mercy of the Populace,
who, true Mob-like, (hew them very little j either dragging them to
Death, about the Streets, at a Mule's Tail > half-burying and then Honing
them} burning, or rather wafting them alive, or the like unmerciful U-
fage. But upon no other Account whatever dare any of the modern Deys 9
or Kings of, Algiers, put a Renegado, actually in their Pay, to any worfe
Death than that of ftrangling, like other Turks : Nay, they often are more
confidered, and come off cheaper; many of thofe Apoftates having been
pardoned Crimes which would, infallibly, have coft a natural Turk his
Life. Of all this Inftances may be given. As to the reft, I really take
this violent Procedure of Tekelli BaJJia (who foon after dearly paid for his
Inhumanity) to be no other than a Confequence of the Emulation and Dif-
cord between thofe two Species of 'Algerines, the Janifaries and the Le-
vents, on Account of their mutual Claims j and that the Honour of being
only privately ftrangled (a Privilege now common to all Turks, Renegadoes
and their Offspring, efpecially if inrolled among the Militia) was one of
the peculiar Favours allowed only to the Janifaries, till their Incorpora-
tion with the Corfairs -, and that the faid unfortunate Renegadoes were
reckoned as Levents, notwithftanding Haffan Corfo had been the Genera-
liffimo of the Land Forces, and was fo favoured by the Janifaries : Other-
wife, this was a breaking in upon the Franchifes of that Militia, fo jealous
Vol. II. E e e and

594 fife History of Algiers.

and tenacious of their Immunities, which mull, inevitably, have inraged
the whole Body, even beyond Pacification: At leaft, I have no fmall In-
clination to believe, that this would, now a-Days, be the infallible Con-
fequence of fuch temerarious Proceedings.

When the melancholy News of Hajfan Corfo'i terrible Cataftrophe
reached the Ears of Al-Caid Toufouf, Calabres, Governor ot Tremizan, the
Grief and Refentment of that his much-favoured Renegado furpalTed all
Defcription: And the faithful Calabrian immediately determined, with
the Tyrant's Blood, to revenge it, in fpite of what Danger might attend
the Attempt. Nor did the Janifaries in Garrifon at Tremizatt, (little le&
iucenfed and fcandalized thereat than himfeif) fail to fecond him in fo ge-
nerous a Refolution. Added to this, many Janifaries bom. Algiers, and
other Parts, wrote to their Comrades at Tremizan, how univerfal was
their Difcontent at TekelWs Introduction as Bajha, which daily increafed
by his Manner of proceeding, efpecially on Account of his unworthy Treat-
ment of thofe Renegadoes, whom they all loved and efteemed, more par-
ticularly the good-natured Hajfan Corfo 9 who had been their Darling.
They complained aloud of his haughty, imperious Carriage towards them,
quite different from that of preceding BaJbas- 3 and as an evident Instance
of the Contempt in which he held them, their Pay had not been advanced,
as was ever practifed by all Vice-Roys at their Acceflion : And in fhort,
the Purport of all the Letters was, that they mould unanimoufly join
Hands, in order to expel a Perfon with whom they were all" fo generally
difgufted.

Mofl or all of thefe Letters were mewed to Al-Caid Toufouf, which
Governor, in his own Name, and in thofe of the Jaaifaries at Tremizan,
acquainted thofe of Algiers, that, provided they would favour him, or at
-leail continue Neuters, he would not fail being foon at their Gates, de-
termined to rid the State of fo infolent and fo deteftable a Tyrant. Ail
which was well approved of, not only by the whole Body of Janifaries
at Algiers ) but like wife by their Aga, fo ill had Fekelli behaved. And as,
at this Juncture, .the Plague was very hot ax Algiers, and daily carried off
abundance of People, Tekelli . had quitted the City, and was retired, with
his Domeftics, to the Ruins of an ancient Town, now called Cajbinas 3
near the Sea, about five Miles to the Weft, where he and his Equipage
dwelled in Tents j which Occafion Al-Caid Toufouf thought very favoura-

.,,-,1-. r t_- t\ r

ble for the Execution of his Defign.

7#<? Histoju of Algiers, jps

About Chriftmas iffo", Tottfouffet out with 300 Turks and Renegadoes:
Tho', according to Haedo, fome will have the Number of his Retinue to
have been 600 5 and that he came not directly from T'remizan, but that,
the better to conceal his Intentions, he had been feveral Days gathering in
the Tributes much nearer the Capital : But all that is not much to ouv
Purpofe. Tremizan lies Weft of Algiers fomewhat. more than 30a Miles ;.
and the Spanifo Writers make it 81 Leagues, counting four Miles to each.
My Author Haedo affirms Al-Caid Toufauf 'to- have marched with all pofli-
ble Expedition > and, to prevent Tekelli from having Notice of his Ap-
proach, be caufed all the Meon he either met or over-took to be faftenedv
to Trees : Nor had Tekelli the leaft 'Intelligence of his coming till he ap-
peared within Sight of his Pavilion. The confeious Tyrant, at this News,
in a terrible Fright, mounted his Horfej and with three or four Servants
fled full Speed towards Algiers. Toufouf, perceiving his Flight, agitated
with a noble Thir ft for Vengeance, followed too eagerly for any* of hi*.
Retinue to keep Pace with himi but Teketli yva^fo considerably a-head
of him that he arrived &y-$eb*Azoutiy m& might have entered the Town
Time enough, had not he found that. Gate '{hut againft him by the Ja-
nifaries. Giving himfelf over for loft, he knew not what better Cowfe
to take, than to fpur his Horfe up the Hill j whofe Top he had fcarce
reached, but, looking back y ,he perceived loufouf, all alone, hotly purfu-
ing and gaining GrountH- In 'this Exigence, he ftriick a\Vay over the
Mountains, and never Hopped till he got to an Eminence near the Sea,
about a. Mile and Bal Weft of Algiers, where, under a Dome, lies in-
terred a Qcntyn.M&.tW'Qfby or reputed Saint, named Sid* Jacob, or Tacoub:
This was. a , R^mgada Spamard^ born at Cor-do r ua y who knew fo well how
to gain Credit and eftabliih it, among thjofe, peojple, that he lived many Years
y enerateoV, and at h^ Deqeafe, was. < aconized. Tekelli had no foone,F quit-
ted his Horfe andeitfered that Hermitage,, which, like innumerable; otiew^
is, a Sort of d Saneljuary, , but Xoufouf was ajfo demounted and.at his Heels,
ihaking his, E^ula-bearing javelin,, and from his indignant Eye-Balls dart-
ing : humid Fire^ .$Aki ; c,riep^ ; dolorquflyr^^^^^^^^ Bfave

" Youfouf, "wound me not! Remember, I muft not die jftif&fl AfyhitoC''
" Perfidious Pjagri .re^i^^^h^^yaigjiig; fonegprfo: Thou and none but
" thou muft die ! What 'Mercy didft thou fliew'to my faultlefs Patron?"
-. ..... , . .._

f Vide Vol. L p. 3 24.

; E e e z And

3^5 The History of Algiers.

And with this he (truck him feveral Times thro' the Body with his
Javelin, leaving him gafping and weltering in Gore, juft by the defunct
Santon's Sepulcher e .

Tekelli was actually expired before the Arrival of fome Janifaries, and
others of Al-Caid Toufouf's Retinue, all which approving of and com-
mending the Action, they all together marched towards Algiers, where
2oufouf was joyfully and triumphantly received.

This End had Tekelli Bajba, whofe Fall was chiefly owing to his fordid
and impolitic Avarice: For notwithstanding his Cruelty towards thofei??-
negadoes, it is more than barely probable, that Al-Caid Youfouf durft not
have attempted againft his Life, had he but vouchfafed to have followed
the Example of all his Predeceflbrs, by fatisfying the Janifaries with a
fewBags of Dollars.

Tekelli governed only three Months, viz, from the Beginning of Ofto-
ber i f f 6, to the End of the following December. He was a natural
Turk-, aged fifty 5 robuft, fleftiy, of a moderate Stature and fwarthy
Complexion. A principal Turk, his great Friend, buried him among the
reft of the Bajbas, and fome Months after erected over his Grave a fmall
Dome.

Al-Caid Yousouf, Calabres.

By Crouds of armed Turks and Renegadoes, followed by a numberlefs
Populace, loudly extolling the Generofity of his Exploit, Al-Caid Toufouf
was conducted to the Palace, where he was foon after vifited by the Aga
of the Janifaries, and all the principal Inhabitants. The Aga at their Head,
having, in a fuitable Harangue, highly applauded the late Action, ac-
quainted him, that, partly in Regard to his Patron's Memory, and partly
on Account of his own Merit, more particularly in this his noble Revenge,
the Janifaries were unanimoufly rcfolved to elect and obey him as their
Bajba: And accordingly he was inaugurated, upon the Spot, with the
ufual Ceremonies.

" And this Toufouf, fays Haedo exprefly, being in Effect a young Man

This Place I have feen ; and they pretended to flicw the very Blood.

The History of Algiers. 397

a of a moft genteel Spirit and Difpofition, difdaining to be out-done in
" Generofity, immediately diftributed among the Soldiery a Donative of
tC 1 0000 Gold Ducats -, ufing the like Liberality for fix Days fucceflively."
This, we may fuppofe, was far from being any Inducement for the Ja-
nifaries to be diffatisfied with their new Bajha -, who by his Manner of
beginning feemed as if he defigned, for' fome Time longer, to have con-
tinued fuch unufual daily Difburfements 1 But his fixth diurnal Bounty-
Money was fcarce told out, when he was (truck in the Groin with a pef-
tilential Carbuncle, which in lefs than twenty four Hours brought at once
to a Period both his Liberality and Life j and he died truly and univer-
fally lamented. The Plague at that Time raged at Algiers with great
Violence.

Youfouf Bajha was about twenty fix Years of Age, of a middle Size,
chefnut-brown Hair, clear Complexion, fine Shape, graceful Carriage
and Afpect, and was to all Mankind exceflively courteous and obliging.
The Janifaries would needs have him buried in the fame Grave with his
late Patron, the unfortunate Hajfan Corfo.

Al-Caid Yahia, Deputy^ asha: ThefirfiTime

of his Officiating.

A. D. iff?. Amidft the general Concern for the Death of this pro-
mising Renegado, the Perfon pitched on, by the Aga and Janifaries, to
fucceed him as Regent (till the Sultan's Plcafure {hould be known) was a
certain confiderable Turk, named Yahia. He had been feveral Years Al-
Caid, or Governor of Meliana, about forty Miles Weft of Algiers j and
was a Man held in good Efteem, for his Courage and found Judgment and
Experience in public Affairs. He entered upon the Government with the
new Year, and behaved prudently during his Adminiftration, which lafted
near (ix Months. Nothing remarkable happened in his Time, except the
terrible Havock made by the Contagion, wherewith Algiers and its whole
Neighbourhood were miferably infected. Before the Conclufion of the
fucceeding June, he was obliged to refign his Seat to the rightful Proprie-
tor, fent from the Ottoman Court, with the Title of Bajha. Al-Caid
Yahia returned to his former Condition of a private Man, which for fe-

*r~ veral

l$t The H I $ t OR? of A i*g 1 1 fc $.

vcral Years he enjoyed in Honour and Reputation. But as we {hall again
find him officiating as Regent, what farther occurs concerning hitn may
be then obferved.

CHAP. X.

Basha X. XI. XII. XIII. Hassan Bash a, Son of
Heyradin Barba-rossa: The fecond Time of his

Admrniflrcttion. Hassan A g a and. Cous a M a*

h a m e d, Joint-Deputies. ? - Ahamed Basu a

Al-Caid Yahia: The [[ fecond and laji Time of
his Officiating.

WH E N the Algtrine Deputies arrived at ConftantinbpTe^ fo give in
their Depofitions concerning the.' late Difturbances and Revoluti-
ons in their State, the Ottoman Sultan readily enough gave Ear to the Ap-
plication made himhy- Hajfan Baftja, Son of his. Favourite Admiral, Hey-
radin Btrba-rojfa; and he was accordingly veiled with tbatVice-Royalty - y
the which he had utterly defpaired of ever obtaining, during the Life of
his too powerful Opponent, the unforgiving Rcfian Bajha. But the mag-
nificent Suliman had then -Lately loll that his aflUming Son-in-Law, and
our Ha/fan Bajba (otherwife not difelteemed by that Monarch) an impla-
cable Enemy. Near the, End ot June if 57, nc arrived,, with ten Royal
Gallies, at his dear native Algiers^ where he was gladly received.

He had not been there, many pays, before News came, that the Sberif
of the fvigitana, who. had lately overthrown and . (lain in Battel Mulei.
Ahou-Hajfan (who, as we oblerved, had'been feated on the Fezzan Throne
by Salba Rais) was, arrived at Tremizan at the Head of a numerous Army,
with a View of gratifying his two predominant PafHons, Ambition and.
Revenge. He is (aid to have undertaken tH5 Expedition at the tnftigation
of Sheikh Jbou-Terik, the Arch-Rebel, mentioned in Chap. vi.

y/ The

Jhe History ^Algiers. 399

The Government of that ancient Metropolis was then again committed
to the Care of the before-mentioned Al-Caid Sefer, with a Garrifon of f op
Turks', which being a Number by far too fmall to defend fo large a City,
confidering the Weaknefs of its ruinous Walls, he retired into the Mejhuat^
Of Citadel. Thus the Tingitanians became Matters of that City, without
Qppofltion, and befieged the Turks in their Faftnefs. But as they had
not any Artillery to batter that not-fo-undefenfible Place, all their Attacks
proved abortive: Whereupon his Fezzan Majeity wrote to Or an-, intreat-
ing Den Martin de Cordoua to lend him at leari one or two Cannon, with
fome Ammunition. But that Count deeming it no way proper to truft
Moors with his Artillery, the MefTcngers returned re infecld. This de-
tained the S fieri f fo long at Tremizan, indefatigably and obftinately endea-
vouring, either by Compulfion, or upon Conditions, to bring the Turks
to a Surrendry, that the new Bajha of Algiers had fufficient Time to haften
to their Succour.

He fet out with a Camp of 6000 Turks and Renegadoes 5 and;was joined
c io his March by upwards of 16000 Arabs and Afric-ans, mofdy Cavalry.
By Sea he fent to Mofiaganem forty Gallies and Galeots, on which were
3000 Turks more, with fome Artillery, and fufficient Provifion, Ammu-
nition, &c. Hajfan Bajha, with his whole Army, being arrived within
four Days March of Tremizan, had Intelligence, that the King of Fez
was departed from thence, upon the firft Tydings of Jiis Approach, after
having eflayed all Means to gain the Fortrefs, and plundered the City.
Upon this, Hajfan Bajha determined to follow him to the very Gates of
Fez $ and accordingly he haded on without touching at Tremizan-, order-
ing his Fleet of Gallies to proceed to that Harbour,- near Mciilla> where
Salha Rais had left his Squadron, when he went againfl the Sheiif,

The Algerine Army found the King of Fez in Battel- Array, waiting
their Approach, near the Walls of that Capital. His Force 'donfifted of
30000 Horfe, 1 0000 Foot Moors, 4000 Renegadoes, with fome Bands -of
Mortfioes j thefe lad and the Renegadoes, being ftout and well-.difciplined
Soldiers, all bearing Fire- Arms. Having repofed about half the Day, the
Turks bad the Enemy Battel; and the Engagement began with equal Fury
and Refolution. After a. warm, bloody and obftinate Difpute of fome
Hours, the Algerines began to flinch and give Way \ partly occafioned by
-the-Fec-bkncft -of -their Cavalry, -i n C o rop arifoa -with -that o the T'm^ia.-
nians, which was both .nwmeBQJBS.^i^ ,.goo&;and partly by Reafon the
' YrmD 1 khes

4db The H i ST o r y of Algie r5."

Elcbes or Renegadoes of Fez s in Conjunction with the Morifcoes, behaved
fo gallantly, that the Turkijh Infantry, with considerable Lofs, was obliged
to fly, and take to an adjacent Eminence-, where, as Night drew on, they
intrenched in the beft Manner they were able. Hajfan Bajba, calling a
Council,required the Opinion of his chief Officers, " Whether they fhould
" renew the Fight next Morning, or retire under the Night's Covert?"
A fure Sign they were tolerably well banged ! And, in Effect, they foon
concluded on the Retreat. At Mid-Night the Bajba gave Orders to get
ready to march: And to. blind the Enemy, . who lay near at Hand, he
caufed abundance of Wood, to be let on Fire all round the Camp, laying
on Fewel fufficient to continue burning till Morning.

-JVith all poffible Silence, and in the beft Order they could, the Turkijb
Camp drew off, bending their Courfe Northward : And fuch Caution
was ufed, that the King of Fez had not the leaft Intimation of their Mo-
tion, till, at Day-break, the Place of their Encampment was found quite
vacant. But as he had loft abundance of Men, and had many wounded,
efpeciarly of the Renegadoes, in whom he repofed his chief Confidence,
he declined purfuing the Turks, to whom he might, doubtlefs, have done
conGderable Damage, before they could reach the Shipping, had he for
fome Days continued following them clofe in the Rear.

About the Middle of Augufi, the Bajba got to his Fleet 5 when difmiiT-
ing all his Cavalry, Moorijb Foot and many Turks, he imbarked with the
reft, and all the Artillery, Baggage, &c. when having firft, in one of his
fmalleft Galeots, taken a clofe View of Melilla, he returned to Algiers, not
over- well fatisfied with his Campaign.

A. D. iff 8. f " This Year, fays Haedo, happened that difaftrous Ex-
" pedition againft Mojiaganem, fo inaufpicious to Spaing in which felj
M Don Martin de Cordoua, Count De Alcaudete, Captain- General of Or an,
whofe Fall was accompanied by the Slaughter and Captivity of many
* c thoulands of Spaniards"

In this Relation I fhall often ufe almoft the very Words of Haedo
and Marmoh a Method I feldom obferve. The firft of them has it to
this Purport.

The Count having prevailed with his Catholic Majefty to fupply him
with 1 1000 Men, wherewith (and what others he could fpare from the

f Vide Preface, p. xi. & Chap. viL

1 Garrifon

The History of Algiers. 401

Garrifon, and otherwife procure) he undertook the Reduction of Mojlaga*
nem. Thefe Troops having been raifed in Spain, they could not be trans-
ported into Africa all at one Time > but about Mid-June, the greater Part
of them got fafe over. The Remainder, being f 000 Spanifi Foot, com-
manded by Don Martin, the Count's fecond Son, was left behind, till Con-
veniency offered. To exercife the new- raifed Soldiers, till the reft arrived,
the Count led them out feveral Times, to make Prize upon the Subjects
of the Algerines , and fome Expeditions were not wholly unfuccefsful. It
was Augufi before the Arrival of the Refidue of his Troops > which hav-
ing joined, he fet out from Oran, marching very deliberately. And as from
thence to Moftaganem, in the Algiers Road, it is no more than twelve
Spanifh Leagues, (Marmol makes it fourteen) had he advanced brifkly, as
there were but few Turks, and they unprovided, within the Place, which
of itfelf is very weak, he might, probably, have carried the Day, with-
out much Expence. But this General thought fit to proceed very (lowly ;
and that in fuch Manner, that the neighbouring Moors and Arabs had Lei-
fure to raife a Flying-Camp of 6000 Horfe, and Hajfan Bajha Time
enough to come almoft within Sight of Moflaganem, before the SpaniJJo Ar-
my had fat down before that threatened Place. The Algerine Camp con-
lifted of only f 000 Janifaries, and 1000 Spahis, with ten Field- Pieces -, which
was foon joined by thofe 6000 Horfe, and about 10000 MooriJJo Foot.

The Count was prefently informed of the Bafha's Approach, by a Re-
negado who efcaped from the Camp : And notwithftanding he might eafily
have attacked and carried that defenfelefs Town, and there have expected
the Enemy, either within or without, as he pleafed, nay feveral had given
him that Advice , yet, as he was naturally courageous, even to Excefs, he ne-
ver would liften to fuch wholfome Counfel. "' Infomuch, continues this
Author, " that the Turks coming up, he was forced to engage them at a
a great Difadvantage, and at length loft his Life valiantly fighting} his
" whole Army being utterly routed, and more than 11000 Spaniards cay-
" tivated. This unhappy Encounter happened Augujl 16. iffS; with
" which Victory, and Iq enormous a Number of Captives, and among
" others Don Martin, Marquis De Cortes, the Count's Son, Hajfan
" Bajb ^/returned to Algiers, joyful and triumphant." Thus Haeclo.

But let us a little examine, and extract fome Particulars from the more
verbofe, yet feldom fo impartial Marmol; who, in the rirft Place, feems
inclined to fink more than half the Spanijlo Army i fincc he mentions no

Vol. II. Fff

40i The History of Algiers,

more than 6f00 Men, brought from Spain, and which we may fuppofe
were the firft Comers: Yet, on feveral Occafions, he laments the Capti-
vity of many thoufands of brave Spaniards, loft on that inaufpicious Day.
The Bulk of his tedious .Narrative is this.

Preiencly after the Turks were retired from before % Qran, the Count De
Mcaudett pafled over to Spain, .and made earned Application at Court for
dooo Men, to reduce Moftaganem, which would be a main Step towards
the fo-much-de fired Conquelr. of Algiers: Alledging, that the Sberif of
Fez, and feveral confiJerable Sbeikbs had promifed him all requifite AlTiif.-
ance, both of Troops and Provifions. Tho' what the Count advanced
carried a Face of Probability and Foundation, confidering the Enmity be-
tween the Natives and the Turks, and fome of the Council were for ir,
yet he met with great Oppositions many questioning whether the faid
Promifes were to be relied on, fince thofe Moors, &c. had not given Hof-
tages, or any ^>ther Security : Adding, that the Turks would not only en-
deavour to break that Confederacy, by letting to Work the Santons^ but, alfo,
in cafe that Method proved ineffectual, fire all the new Corn and remove
the old, with the Cattle, out of Reach, and thereby prevent all Succour - 9
even were the Natives .ever fo well difpofed. Nor was it, they (aid, to
be fuppofed, that the Turks would leave that Place unprovided, upon the
firft Notice they lud of his Motion. Befides, they told him, he asked
too few Men for fuch an Enterprize. However at lait, he got what he
demanded , and having raifed thofe Troops, he imbarked with them at
Malaga, in iff 8, accompanied by a great Number of Nobility and Gen-
try, from Andalufia and the Kingdom of Granada. In Auguft the fame
Year, he departed from Oran, towards Moftaganem, with 6foo Men, up-
on Lift, and fome Pieces of Cannon, drawn by the Soldiers : And having
made feveral different Turns, he arrived at h Mazagra n, where he had a
fmart Conflict with the Moors and Arabs of that Neighbourhood , but
they were put to Flight by the Cbriftians, who purfued to the very Walls
of Moftaganem, and cut off more than 300 Turks and Moors. After this
Victory, the Count ordered all his People to return to Mazagran , ex-
pecting there to find fomething for the Refrefliment of the Army* the

* Look back to the Expedition ollUJfan Corfa, P. 385.

h An ancient City, now veiy ruinous, two Miles from the Sea, *nd four from Mojla->

ganerr..

Soldiers

The History <j/Algiers. 40 5

Soldiers being very much fatigued with Hunger, Thifft and Wearineft,
and the Provifions being all fent by Sea, on nine Brigantines, which were
to continue going and coming as Occafion required : But the Inhabitants
of thofe Parts had fome Days before removed all their Effects to Mofiaga-
nem, which Place the Algerines were determined to defend. While the
SpamiJJo Army was reflecting on this Difappointment, four Royal Gallies
and five Galeots of Algiers were feen palling by, with each of them one
of the expected Brigantines in tow. This was really a difaftrous Circum-
flance. Thofe Gallies, returning from the Coaft of Andahfta, where they
had plundered a Place, named St. Miguel, belonging to the Count De
Niebla, fell in upon the nine Brigantines, charged with Provifions and
Ammunition from Or an. On the other Hand the Al-Caid of Tremizau
took fuch Meafures, that not one Sheikh durft attempt conveying any
thing to the Spanijb Camp 5 all which caufed much Difcontent. Upon
this Don Martin called a Council} at which feveral Officers advifed him
to return to Oran, and incamp under its Walls, there obferving the Ene-
mies Motions, till fome Order fhould be ta*ken to fupply the Camp with
all Necefiaries : And in the Interim the Troops might employ themfelyes
in making Incurfions upon the Enemy. Others were for his immediately-
attacking Mofiaganem 9 llnce in carrying that Place all their Wants would
be abundantly fupplied. To this the courageous Count readily agreed j
iuch was his Defire of profecuting his Enterprise : And, becaufe he wanted
Shot for his Ordinance, he caufed the Arch, &Y. of the Town Gates to
be pulled down, and with thofe hard Stones, ihaped by fome Soldiers
who underftood the Bufinefs, he made good that Defect, and marched
away for Mofiaganem* The few Turks who were there led out a good
Number of Moors , 3cc. to encounter the Van-Guard -, but they were re-
pulfed with Lofs, and fo fmartly purfued, that fome Soldiers advanced Co
far, that they actually fcaled the Wall with Ladders, and among them an
Enfign with his Colours. It is held for certain, that they had pofitively
entered the City that Day, had not the Count commanded a Retreat j nay,
he caufed the Enfign to be puniflied, for approaching the Wall without
Orders. The whole Army being arrived before the Town, Don Martin
ordered, that very Evening, Fafcines to be made of Vines and Fig-Tree?,
and therewith drew a Trench round his Camp, to fecure it from the Ene-
mies Cavalry: And the fame Night a fmall Platform, for two Cannon,
was erected, in order to batter the South Side of the Caftle. The Spaniards

Fffi took

404 The History of Algiers.

took Pofleflion of a fmall Suburb, becaufe from thence the Turks galled
them, and had done great Damage with their Mufket Shot : Yet they got
it not without great Oppofition, the Turks having broke thro' alltheWalls
of thofe Houfes, to ailift and communicate with each other, as Occafion
required, and having made abundance of Loop- Holes, had killed a con-
fidcrable Number of the beft Soldiers. Six Companies were left to guard
this Suburb. Next Morning, while Preparation was making to alter the
Battery, News came, that the Turks of Algiers were at Hand, and by the
Number of Colours and Standards, they judged Hajfan Bajba to be there
in Perfon. Tho' this was confirmed by many Eye-Witnefles, the Count
would not believe a Syllable ; faying, it was not poffible for the Algerine
Camp to have made fuch Expedition} and that it could be only a Body
of the Natives, who had induftrioufly brought thofe Turkijb Enfigns in
order to amufe his Army, and make him raife the Siege. To convince
thofe who infilled upon the Fafr, he fent his Son Don Martin, with a
few Horfe, to take a nearer View of what had occafioned that Rumour j
who foon found it to be no other than the jflgerine Camp, already pitched.
[Which is very eafy to be diftinguifhed from an Encampment of Moors and
jlrabs, even at a considerable Diftance $ their Tents being black, whereas
thofe of the Turks are exceeding white.] Don Martin, at his Return,
earneftly intreated the Count his Father to give him 4000 Men, that he
might fall upon the Turkijb Camp that Night, " Since, faid he, as they
4< muft neceflarily be very much tired with their long and precipitate
<c Marches, they may eafily be routed 5 and the Chr'tfiians becoming Maf-
u ters of their Stores, will be enabled chearfully to profecute the Siege,
" and carry their Point without Interruption from the Turks, who can-
" not readily recover themfelves, nor have a Supply from any Part but
" Algiers" All the Reply made by the Count was, " That it was not
" at all convenient." When his Son and fome Captains returned, " That,
" if he did not fo, the Turks would fight him in the Morning." He an-
fwered, " They dare not! If they attempt it, they are loft." And that
very Evening, without acquainting any with his Defigns, he ordered to
every Mufketeer two Spans of Match and a Pound of Powder j and when
a little pair. Mid-Night, he commanded the Camp to be raifed very filently,
and to march away for Mazagran -, all which was executed with fuch Pre-
cipitation, that many fick and wounded Soldiers were left behind: And
before the Army was got down the Defcent, the miferablc Outcries of

thofe

The History of Algiers. 405

thofe Wretches were diftinctly heard, while the Enemy from the Town
were cutting them in Pieces. Neither would the Count perform that
March with the Speed he intended, and might have done: For a Wheel
of one of the Carriages breaking in the Way, he caufed the whole Army to
halt, till near Morning, while it was mending j nor would he, by any
Perfuafion, be prevailed on to leave that Cannon, tho' his Officers would
fain have had him bury it in the Sand, in the Road where they marched j
which if he had done, it is very unlikely the Enemy could have found
it, even if they had Information. Had he taken this Method, the Army
might have reached Mazagran in good Time, and probably Matters might
have taken a happier Turn than they did, purely on Account of their
getting fo late thither. Hajfan Bajba had early Notice of all thefe Move-
ments} who, without lofing a Moment, began the Purfuit, and by Day-
break got up with the Rear, at a very fmall Diftance from Mazagran.
Don Martin, being apprehenfive left the Turks (hould get PofTeffion of the
only Fountain of good drinking Water (which is without the Place near
the Walls) fpeedily fent away feveral Companies, from the Van, in order
to fecure it. As they approached the faid Water, all that the Officers
could poflibly do, could not prevent the Soldiers from quitting their
Ranks and running, promifcuoufly, to quench their raging Thirft. The
Army, thus out of all Order, was furioufly attacked by the Turks on one
Quarter, and by the Natives on feveral : And fo great, fo general was the
Confufion, that neither the Count, who led the Van, nor his Son, who
brought up the Rear, could by any Means prevail with the aftonifhed Sol-
dier to turn Face to the tempeftuous Invader : But, in the utmoft Dis-
order imaginable, every one fought the Avenues into the Townj being
hotly purfued, wounded and killed by the Slaughtering Turks, Moors and
Arabs. By this Time, the Equipages from the nine Algerine Gallies were
leaped a-ihorej and, on the other Hand, the Governor of Tremizan was
arrived. To complete the Horrors of that inaufpicious Day, in the Even-
ing at Fefper-Time, the Remnant of their Powder, in feveral Barrels,
which was placed under the Town- Wall, accidentally took Fire, blow-
ing up and fmothering ^00 Spanijh Soldiers, who had it in Charge.
When the Count beheld this Difafter, which occafioned all the Troops
(which he had again got together to (land on the Defenfive) to difband
mod confufedly, and run away full Speed towards the Town, he deter-
mined to fall defperately, and without Order, on the Enemy, with the

few

4o5 The Histonr of Algiers.

few he frill had within Callj hoping thereby to keep off and repulfe the
Barbarians, till his People might again be brought into fome Order. So,
clapping Spurs, to his Horfe, with a matchlefs Intrepidity, he charged
the thronging Infidels; crying out to his Spaniards, " St. Jago! St. J ago!
" The Viclrory is our own! The Enemy is routed and loft! St. Jago!
" St. Jago!" Yet, notwithstanding he twice or thrice did thus, he was
fo far from being feconded and followed by the Soldiers, that every one
made all poflible Speed into the Town. Upon this, the Count hafted
away to a Poftern belonging to the Fortrefs j thinking <o compel the Fu-
gitives to fally and ftand their Ground : But the Prefs was fo excemVe in
the Gate- Way, that he could not poflibly penetrate : And fpurring on his
Horfe violently, in order to break thro', the Creature reared quite upright,
and threw him off backward, in that narrow Paffagej where every one
having more Regard to his own particular. Safety than to any Duty towards
his Commander in Chief, and that Nobleman being fomewhat advanced in
Years, he there expired, being prefently fmothered and trampled to Death
under the Feet of his own Soldiers j and this Place rendered famous by the
difaftrous Death of that General, and the Lofs of fo many brave Men,
who there drew their lateft Breath. When as many of the Chriftians as
couid,had entered the Town, the Count's Domeftics, taking up hisCorpfe,
inhumed it in the chief Mofque -, and the victorious Turks immediately
broke in, without farther Oppofition, making Prifoners Don Martin (the
defuncc Count's Son, who was preparing for a Defenfe) together with the
Whole k Remainder of the Chriftian Army. Hajfan Bajha, that Night,
caufed Guards to be ported at all the Gates of the Town and Fortrefs,
to prevent the Moors and Arabs from entering and maffacring the furren-
dered Chriftians. But, next Morning, their Sheikhs, or Chiefs, accofting
him, with a Demand of fome Share in the Captives j Since, laid they,
" we have ferved you during this Campaign, at our own Cofts and
" Charges $" he ordered them 800 : And as thofe Enemies of our Holy
Faith made that Demand purely to (laughter them, they were no fooner
delivered, but every one of them perifhed at the Points of their Lances.
This done, the Bajba made diligent Inquiry after the Count: And being
informed of his Death and Interment in the Mofque, he caufed the Body

1 St. James of Compoftela, the Patron of Spain. This is the Spaniards everlafting Fightiug-
Word. It here, perhaps, favours fomewhat of a Spanijb Bravado.

k Upwards of 12000, fays Haedo in feveral Places. Look back to P. 401.

Ihe History p/Algiers. 4^7

to be taken up, and brought into his Prefence : Saying, he defired a Sight
of fo valiant a Perfonage. He afterwards fold the Corpfe, for 2000 Du-
cats, to Don Martin, his Prifoner, and Son to the Deceafed, who fenr.
it to Oran: And, with this great Vi&ory, the Pagan returned to Algiers',

where he was joyfully received.- Thus Marmol: And for the lad 60,0170

Lines in a manner Verbatim: In all which, he, moil apparently, feems
to be endeavouring, to make the very beft of a very bad Market.

A. D. iffp. The Year following, HajfanBajloa was engaged in another
War, with the Prince of Beni- Abbas. Of thcfe Affairs, after a few Re-
marks of our own, we will deliver the Subftance of what Haedo faysj
and then advance what is to be met with in Marmol; who treats fomc-
wha.t cir.cumftantially of that gallant African, whofe Name was Abda-
laziz : What has been already hinted, concerning that martial Mountain-
People, and what may elfewhere occasionally occur, is fufficient to
give a competent Idea of thofe Nations. But to the Purpofe in Hand.

Relying on the rugged, fcarce acccflible Faunefies, thofe People always
difdained the being even required to acknowledge a VafTalage to any Po-
tentate whatever : And the Turks of Algiers have, all along, no lefs difdain-
ed, that thofe Mountaineers fliould have the Infolence to abide almoit
within Sight of their Capital, without owning them, at leaft in fome
Meafure, to be their Superiors. This has occafioned many Bickerings}
the Confequence whereof has fometimes been a fort of Acknowledgment
to the Algerines-, nay accompanied even with Prefents of Value : All
which thofe haughty, afluming Free-Booters never fail calling Tribute,
from what Quarter of the World foever they comej conftantly expect-
ing what has been once granted, nay, demanding it with a right Turkijb
Arrogance $ and upon meeting with any People, (who unufed to fuch
Treatment, and withal having a good Opinion of tljieir own Strength)
not always in a prefenting Humour, much lefs when their Prefents are
mifcalled Tributes, they pick a Quarrel with them ; and fometimes get
themfelves handfomely drubbed. Some Inftances may be produced.

The Occafion of this War, lays Haedo almoft Verbatim, was by Rea-
fon, that this Sultan or King (for thofe Highland-Princes afllime thatMa-
jeftic Title) and his PrcdeceiTors, confiding in their Mountains, would
never yield any Obedience to the l Vice -Roys of Algiers, or pay

] N. B. Haedo almoft always calls the Bajbas, or Vice-roys of Algiers, Kings.

z them

40$ The History of Algiers.'

them any Tribute as did his Neighbour, the Sultan of Cucco, and other
Highlanders: Nay this Potentate, not contenting himfelf with that his
abfolute Independency, grievoufly infefted the Arabs and Africans in the
Lowlands, who were in Subjection to the Algerines; defcending almoft
daily from his Mountains, and plundering them at Difcretion. And ash e
was a generous, liberal Prince, feveral Renegadoes of Algiers had entered
into his Service, on Account of the good Pay, and other Encouragements
he gave them \ he being extremely defirous of having Fire-arms about
him. After this, many Chrijlian Slaves, from Algiers, began to make, their
Efcapes thither ; to all whom he gave a mod courteous Reception : And
fuch as were difpofed to become Mujfulmans , he accommodated with
Help-mates to their Liking, and a comfortable Maintenance > and thofe
who were otherwife inclined, were at their Liberty, and wanted not En-
couragement for their Service, as his Body-Guards. Thus in a ihort
Space of Time, this active Prince became Pofleflbr of a good Number of
Faziliers-y partly Renegadoes, partly Chriftians. And as near as the
difproportionate Comparifon may bear, he feems to have been of a Genius

not unlike that of a certain Northern Monarch. With thefe and his

own Martial VafTals, he did very confiderable Damage to the Algerine
Territory, and even to the Turks themfelves, whenever they came within
his Reach : For three feveral Camps, from Algiers, having been fent againft
him, he broke and routed them every one : And all the Turks that fell alive
into his Hands, the Punifhment inflicted on them, was cutting off their
Genitals in the Middle, and turning them loofe, with their Hands bound
behind, fo to bleed to Death in the Roads. Upon all thefe Accounts,
Hajfan Bafha, finding himfelf triumphant and powerful after his great
Victory over the Chriftians, which had augmented the Number of his
Slaves by fo many thoufands, determined to commence a War upon this
Prince, and revenge all thofe {hameful Infults. And, in the flrft Place,
perceiving Algiers, both within and without, to be (warming with Chrif-
tians (and much more fo fince the Campaign at Moftaganem) of which
iie himfelf was Matter of an infinite Number, he caufed a Standard to be
fet up in his Bagnio, where his Chriftians were lodged j proclaiming,
<l That whatever Chriftian Captive was inclined to embrace the Muffulman
" Belief, he fhould have his Liberty, and be entered into immediate Pay 5
" on Condition that he ferved in that War againft the King of Beni-
" Abbas.''' This caufed abundance of Spaniards to Apoftatize j and the

2, Excufe

The History ^Algiers. 40$

Excufe they commonly gave for that their Wickednefs, was, <c that they
*' did it merely to have an Opportunity of warring with the Moor: ; and
" that when they pafled from Spain into Barbary, they came not with
any other Intent." Of thefe and other Turks and Renegadoes, the Bajha
formed an Army of 6"ooo Turkijb Foot, 600 Spahis, and in the Way was
joined by 4000 Arab and African Cavalry. With thefe Forces and eightField-
Pieces, he marched Eaft wards j and got near the Enemy early in September.
The Highland King, who had Notice of his Motion, came down from the
Mountain, with 6000 brave Horfe, about 10000 Foot, and for his Guard
a Band of 1000 Fuziliersj Chrifl tans and Renegadoes. BeGdes thefe, many
of his own People had learned of the others to ufe Fire- Arms mod dex-
troufly, and had done very good Execution in former Encounters with
the Turks. And indeed the Algerines had no very great Stomach to this
War : It being certain, that this Abdalaziz was a Perfon of uncommon
Conduct, Bravery and Refolution. But being {hot dead with a Mufquet-
Ball in the Bread, his Troops were difheartened : And a Brother of his
being inverted with the Sovereignty, in his Stead, the new Prince (truck
up a Peace with the Turks, entering into a League offenfive and defensive
with the State of Algiers 5 but without the leaft Tin&ure of VafTalage
or Dependence. " Tho', adds Haedo, at the Arrival of a new Bajha,

c the AbbaJ/t fends him a Compliment, accompanied with a Prefent-
" in Return to which, the Vice-Roy of Algiers prefents him with a rich
" Sabre and a Turkijh Garment. This friendly Correfpondence continues
" to this Day: And in if 80, September 16", came to Algiers a Son of this
" fame new King of Bent- Abbas, to vifit and compliment Jafer Bajba y
" newly arrived from the Levant > bringing with him a Prefent of no
" inconfiderable Value 5 it being about if 00 Gold Ducats, 400 Camels
" and 1000 Sheep."

They are flill upon much the like -Footing : Nor have the Algerines
had any very confiderable Falling-out with Beni-Abbas for many Years,
but what fhall be taken Notice of in due Place. m But upon the lead
Difpute, even the whole Eaft ward Camp dares not attempt pairing
by the Damir Capi, or Al Beban; but is obliged to take a tedious Circum-
ference round the Mountains, and come out by Mefila, upon the Borders
of the Numidian Defartsj by which Way, befides the Tedioufnefs, a fmall

* Vide Vol. I. p. 107.

Ggg Company

4io - ' T.ke His tq%y of Algiers.

Company runs an imminent Hazard of being intercepted and cut" off by
Ouled Madtbi, a powerful Tribe of Arabs, in that Neighbourhood } as I
once experienced, and may, perhaps, obferve elfewhere.

But we muft look a little back to examine what Marmel, more in par-
ticular, fays, of this renowned African Prince ; which having firft given
a brief Account of the Country and People, is to this Purport, viz.
About the middle of the ilxteenth Century, their n Sheikh r or Prince^
was a valiant African, named Abdalaziz, otherwife called Al-Abbafji. (or
the Abbaffide) and was one of the braveft Captains in all Africa, This
noble African was engaged in a furiotfs War with the Prince of Cucco
(or the Ztvduwa) whofe Name was Aben Al-Cadi, upon an ancient, irre-
concilable Grudge fubfifting between thofe People, for many Ages paftj
and as that Prince was, likewife, in Enmity with the Turks of Algiers, on
Account of the Death of Prince p Salem aben Toitmiy whofe Relation he
was* Al-AbbaJJi entered into a League with Hajfan Bafha, Son of Heyra-
din Barba-roffa, who was then Vice-Roy of Algiers-, and, in Conjunction
with this African Prrnce, the Turks did many notable Exploits in thofe
Realms ; more efpecially, they obtained a remarkable Victory in that Ren-
counter with the Tingitanians, where Mulei Abdal-Cader, Al Jilelli, or
Keyklli, Son to the Sberif of Fez, who took Tremizan, loft his Life.
For, at that Juncture, this Abdalaziz was in the Turkifh Camp, which
Was commanded by Ali Corfo-, (whom he mifc ills Haffan Corfo,) who re-
fuiirig to give the Enemy Battel, Al-Abbafji, fcandalized at his Puflllani-
mity, cried out to him aloud s " Al-Caid Ali / On Days like this it is,
a that you are to recompence your Patron for the Bread you have eaten ;
ff\ and not by ftrutting about the Streets of Algiers, in brocaded Caftans'*
But perceiving him ftill backward and irrefolute, foaming with Rage, he
animated his own Highlanders, and thundered down upon the Sheriffs
Army} killing and decapitating the Prince with his own Hand, and car-
rying off the Head upon his Lance. This was the occafion of great En*
inity between this African Prince and the Renegado Al-Caid; as will ap-
pear- Hajfan Bafba returning to the Levant, was fuccecded by Salh<*
Rais: Which Bafba, -acquainted with the Worth and Valour of Abda-
laziz,. confirmed the League and Amity let on Foot by his PredcceiTorj
and was accompanied by him in the Numidian ^Expedition (as has been

Xeque. Labex.. So the Spaniards mif-write. thofe Words. See the Life of Arouje

**"* . * hinted)

The HistORvr of Algiers. 4.11

hinted) at the Head of 1800 Fuziliers on Foot, and 1600 Horfe; Which
Campaign, this Author allures us, the Turks could not poffibly have made
over thofe Defarts, without the Concurrence and Afliftance of Al-Abbaffi.
Nor, indeed would it be a very eafy Matter for any Army to effecT:, were
the Morifma (as the Spaniards cajl any great Body of native Africans)
difpofed ?o interrupt the Paffage. " Yet this Gallant Man, continues he,
" met with the Recompence ufually bellowed by Tyrants on thofe who
" do them Service." For, at his Return to Algiers, from that Expedi-
tion, Al-Caid All, Corfo, who remained behind at Ham%a (a Plain among
th Mountains, in the Way to Mefiia, where the Algerines have a fquarc
Fortrete acid a Garrifonj of which Territory he was Governor, wrote to
Salba Rats, t That, even from feveral of Al-AbbaJJi's own VafTals, he had
certain Intelligence, that he was meditating a Revolt, in order to expei
the Turks from that whole Province. One Day in the Bajha's Palace,
he was told in his Ear, that the Turks had laid a Scheme to fecure his
Perfon : Whereupon he (lipped away privately 5 and, mounting a fwifc
Horfe, he fled to the Mountains ; the Avenues whereof he inftanriy began
to fortify j declaring open War againft the Algerines. The Bajha, with
all fpced fitted out a Camp- to go againft him, left his Infinuations,
among the Natives of thofe Parts, already not over-fatisfied with the Turks
might produce bad Effects. Winter- was juft entered, when the Alge-
rines arrived taear a Place on the Mountain-Side, called Boni, four or five
Miles from Atl-CsJa, where the "Turks had feveral Rencounters with the
Highlander s\ in one of which Sidi Fadhal, one of the Prince's Brothers,
was {lain 5 and the Turks were in a very fair Way to Have treated himfelf
and Troops but indifferently, had not the exceflive Snows which fell on a
fudden obliged them to retire, and foon after to -draw offfcr Algiers. Whcrt
the Camp was departed, Al-Abbaffi raifed Fortifications, after their Man-
ner, in feveral Paws of his Mountains, and cut great Ditches crofs the
Roads > when having put his chief "Town, nam-ed Al-Calade Bern- Abbas,
in the moft defenfible Condition he was able, he defcended into the Level-
Country, and did great Damage >to the VafTals of the Algerines. His
having withttood the Turkiflj Army, and daring thus to infult their Pro-
vince greatly Enhanced his deputation ; iufomuch that he was joined 'by
many petty ^Nations, and -reigned abfolute in-all thofe Quarters. In 1 f f4>
Salba Rais fent againft him .his Sqn.Mabawed Bey, with 1000 TurJufi
Infantry, po Spahis and 6000 Arab Cavalry. This General, intending

Gggz to

4 i2, The History of Algiers.

to attack Jl-Cala [which by the Bye, with fo (mail a Force, was a very
rafh Attempt] had pitched his Camp at Boni : But, advancing to the
Attack, the Politic Abdalaziz differed him to come on a confiderable
Way, without offering any Oppofition j and would have let him approach
as near as he pleafed had not the Turks, at laft, perceived that he induf-
triouily did fo, merely to decoy them farther within the rugged, narrow
PalTes, and then to fall upon their Rear : Upon which they made a Halt j
and in the Night retreated the Way they came, returning to the open
Plain. There Al-Abbajji gave them Battel, in which fell many on both
Sides} and had it not been for the vigorous Afllftance of the Arab Caval-
ry, the Turks would have been utterly routed and cut in Pieces : So that
they got not off without great Lofs and much Difcredit. About this
Time, Mulei Abou-Hajfan was brought to Algiers by Salha Rats. While
that Sofia was conducting him to Fez, a Body of Algerines, being 400
Foot, and ifo Spahis, led by two Renegadoes^ was ordered out towards
thofe Eaftern Quarters, where the impetuous Abdalaziz was lording it at
Pleafure. As thefe Captains were marching in the Way to MefiJa,
thinking to cover a Mountain named Jibil Ay ad, and Parts adjacent,
where the Highland Prince was gathering in Tribute, he amaffed his
Troops, and came down upon them. The Algerines were incamped near
the River r Hammam-, and at Day-break he fell upon them unexpectedly,
giving them fo intire a Defeat, that not one efcaped, except the two
Al-Caids, who got to Mejila, and owed their Lives purely to the Swift-
nefs of their Barbs 1 For the Enemy gave the Turks no Quarter: As for
the Arabs, &c. who accompanied them, Abdalaziz not thirfting for their
Blood r they were only difmounted and difarmed. Though none of them
could get quite away with any better Cioathing than they brought into
the World j, there being enough at Hand who thirfted for their Gar-
ments, even to the lad Tatter. When, after this, AlrAbbaJJi perceived
Salha Rats fuccefsful againft the Sberif, and vi&orious at Bujeya (as
has been obferved in the Life of that Bajha) he began to apprehend a
terrible Storm from that profperous Arm j and kept himfelf pretty much
within his Faftnefles. But before Salha Rats had much Leifure to think of
him* at lead to put his Thoughts in Execution, he was carried off by-

1 So called from the Warmncfe of its Water; cfptciidly at the Source-Head: Of whichr
Uammams there are macy.

the

The HistorV ^Algiers. 415.

the Pcftilencej much to AUAbbaJJ?s Satisfaction. Nor could the ^/<?-
rines, during the domeftic Combuftions we treated of in the pre-
ceding Chapter, attempt any thing againft him 5 all which while he did
juft what he pleafed in theirEaftern Province. When Hajjan Bajha en-
tered upon this his fecond Adminiftration, Al-Abbajji fent very noble Pre-
fents to that his quondam Intimate, renewing with him their former Friend-
fhip} yet would not confide in him fo far as to venture himfelf at AU
giers. This Amity continued a whole Year, during which the Bajha did
him many Courtefies, and, among others, made over to him, as his own
Right and Property, the ToWn of Mejila, bordering on the Numidian
Defart, together with the three Brafs Cannon which Salha Rats had left
there at his Return from Tuggurt, 8cc. adding thereto the whole Revenue
of all that Neighbourhood, andfupplied him even with Engineers to convey
his Cannon to Al-Cala, his Capital Town in the Mountain. There
they flill remain : And I am very much miftaken if Marmol, in this Par-
ticular, is not righter than Haedo, who fays only two Pieces of Cannon*
This was a very impolitic Action of Hajfan BaJJja. To return.
But, when Abdalaziz found himfelf Mailer of this Artillery, he broke
with the Turks: And, befides his own proper Force, he entertained a Body
of dooo Arab Cavalry, amafled among the noble Arab Tribes of Ouled
Ma At hi, Ouled Suliman, Ouled Xahia and Ouled Seyd, who wander in the
circumjacent Plains 5 and with thefe he roamed about the whole Eaftern
Province, laying it all under Contribution. Hajfan Bajha was fo irritated
at this- Ingratitude, that he went againft him in Perfon, at the Head of
25*00 Janifaries, f 00 Spates, many Cbriflian Slaves, and a Multitude of
Arabs, with fome Field -Pieces ; pitching his Camp in the fine, fruitful
Plain of Mejana y juft by a Town of that Name, raifed from the Ruins
of an ancient Roman City, which Ptolomy calls Lare. There his Chrif*
tians built a Fortrefsj. becaufe the Inhabitants of that Town, and adja*
cent Parts, afliired him, " That, except he left there a Garrifon o Turks,
ff to protect them againft the daily Infults and Oppreflions of Al-Abbajji,
" he muft not hope for any Tributes from thofe Quarters." The Fort
being finifhed (which was not a Structure of any great Strength) the Bajha
left there 200 Turks, with fix fmall Field-Pieces of Brafs (being Part of
what Cannon he took from the Chriftians at Mazagran) and departed
thence Eaftwards, to build the Fortrefs at Zamora (where the Algerines
ftill maintain a conftant Garrifon) about twelve Miles from Mejana, on

the

4i4 The History of Algiers.

the Side of a great Mountain. This done, he departed for Algiers; hav-
ing loft above 300 Turks, in divers Skirmishes he had with Al-Abbaffi.
He left near Zamora all his Arabs, together with 400 Turks, under the
Command of a certain Al-Caid, named Hajfun: And was fcarce got out
of Sight, but Al-Abbaffi attacked and routed the whole Camp, cutting
in Pieces every one of the Turks, together with their Leader: Infomuch
that Hdjfan Ba/ba, and the News of that Slaughter of his People, reach-
ed Algiers juft at the lame Inftant. The 200 Turks, in Garrifoo at Mtja-
na, no foon.sr heard of this Defeat, but they, -abandoned the Fort, and got
away to Mefila:. Upon which Al-AbbaJJi levelled it with the Ground, and
carried off to the Mountains the fix Field-Pieces. After this, he conti-
nued a very offenfive War with the Turks, their Subjects and Allies, for
a whole Year longer j at which Time Hajfan Bajb a began a Treaty with
him, demanding a beautiful Daughter of his in Marriage : But being deni-
ed by Al-Abbaffi, he afterwards efpoufed a Daughter of Aheu-M-Gadi,
King of the Zwottwa, or Cucco, the capital and avowed Enemy to the
AM*]Jidt Nation. The two Confederate Powers, with their rcfpe&ve
Armies, marched all along up the f River of Bujeya, burning and deftroy-
ing the Country of Bent- Abbas, as much as poffible: W hereupon Ai-Abbaffi
defcencfed from the Mountain, and waited for them ne*r the River-Side*
with 4000 Fuzilicrs on Foot and fooo Horfe, juft by a Town of his
celled Tezli, at which Pafs he had built a Fort, and drawn a Trench crois
the Road. Hujfa* Bajba led a Body of 3000 TurJaifb Infantry, foo Spuiii,
and 3000 Arab Cavalry* and the King of Cuccq brought ifoo Foot, all
Fire-Arms, and 300 Horfe. May J,, iffp. The Confederates arrived near
the Pafs of Tezh ; and the Turks began to batter the Fort with two Can-
non : When having made a Breach, the King of Cucco drew away to
the Deft, advancing round tbe Mountain- Side, with flying Colours and
a Countenance fo determined, that the Abbaffides in the Fort, perceiving
his Intent, which was to get behind them, and thereby facilitate the
Entrance of the Turks, abandoned it, retreating toward Tezli, wherein
they thought co fortify themfelves : But the Turks allowed them no
Time to execute their Defigns \ follow them cbfe at the Heels, and,
with great Slaughter, clearing the Town Df the Inhabitants, and idi as
te got in, and putting all the reft to a tnft precipitate Flight. When

; "

T Look back to P. 382.

2. Al-

The History of Algiers. 415

Jl-Abajfi beheld this Diforder among his People beneath, he ordered them
to afcend the Mountain, with all Speed, to prevent greater Mifchief; and
with a fmall Body of Cavalry, he polled himfclf on a certain Eminence
in the Way up, to (lop the Career of the purfuing Enemy; in which Poll
he gave many remarkable In (lances of his own perfoivil Bravery. The
King of Cucca, with the Zivouwa, had remained below in the Fort: And
ffaffan Bajha obferving many of his Turks to be (till advancing up the-
Mountains, apprehenfive of what might happen, he difpatched a Chaius
to call them back; fince the Camp was pitched, and they could not be
fuccoured. But thofe forward Turks had fcarce turned Back in order to
.retreat, but Al-AbbaJJi thundered down upon their Rear, and attacked
them fo vigoroOfly, that many of them call away their Arms the better
to ply their Heels ; and killing (ixty of them , he recovered the Fort
and Town of Tezli : At laft, Night obliged bo*h Parties to feek their
Quarters. Three or four Days after this, Hajfan Bajba led his People
up to a level Place on the Side of the Mountain, called Soqtie al-Tbala-
tha, or Tuefday's- Market (us in effect it is) and which is the Burial-Place
of the AbbaJJide Family. There enfued a very fmart Engagement, which
lafted from Morning till Noon* when Al- Abbaffi ordered his Troops to
withdraw from theMountain-Top r himfelf remaining on an Eminence with
only two Banners, and a very few Horfe, facing the Turks* with whom
he had SkirmilTied a considerable while; giving them feveral notable Re-
pulfes. But, at length, animated with too much Fire, he cemerariqufly
ventured fo far a-head of his (lender Guard, that he (buck his Lance even
into the main Battalion of the Janifaries, who received him with fuch a
clofe Volley 6r~S^3t, that both he and his Horfe fell dead amidit the
furrounding Enemy: Who advancing briskly, in order to prevent his
Followers from recovering the Body, they put them to Flight ; and con-
veying it to the Camp, they there decapitated that breathlefs Warrior.
This valiant African, continues Marmot, had on two exceeding fine
Coats-of-Mail ; and bore a Lance, Target and very rich Sabre. He was
a molt comely, graceful Perfonage, very robuft, and, to all Appearance,
x prodigious Strength. The Turks followed their Blow, and marched
tap the . Mountain as .high as a Place called Tineri a /And the hal/-
confufed Highlanders, to amufe them, made feigned Overtures of de-
livering up the Keys of Al-Cala, their Metropolis ; upon certain fpecified
Conditions, not very difagreeable to the Algerines. But during thefe.Ne-

I gociaiions,

41 tf The Hi s f o ry of A l g I E R s.

gociations, the Abbaffides unaniraoufly faluted, as their Sultan, or King, Sidi
Mucron, to fupply the Place of his deceafed Brother, the brave Abdalaziz :
And the new Prince renewed the War with greater Fury than ever. The
Turks continued in the Mountain eight Days longer j When perceiving the
little Good was to be done there, amidft fuch uncooth and rugged FaftnefTes,
.where, from behind Trees and Rocks, they hourly met Death from Hands
they faw not, and had already loft feveral hundreds j with this Confide-
i-ation, I fay, and becaufe News was brought them, that the Sherif of
Fez was again advancing towards Tremizan, they broke up, and returned
to Algiers ; bearing as a Trophy the Head of the gallant Abdalaziz. * At
* this Day, continues this Author, Sultan Mucron is Lord of thofe Moun-
tc tainous Regions, and over-runs that whole Circumference at Pleafure;
** compelling even the Arab Tribes in the bordering Defans to pay him
" Tribute, in fprte of the Turks and the King of Cucco, with whom he
* c maintains a perpetual War."

This Narrative, though fomewhat minute, and, perhaps, too prolix,
is, neverthelefs, not unworthy a Place in this Hiftory : If for no other Rea-
fon, than its being certainly genuine ; and as it gives a lively Idea of what
Neighbours the Algerines have to cope withal. The AbbaJJide Family (mean-
ing this of Africa, Sovereigns of Beni-Abbas) go by the Surname of Mu-
cron 5 perhaps from this Brother of the warlike Abdalaziz. They
pretend to he Sburfa (or Sberifs-, whofe Plural is Sburfa) of the
Tribe of Ha/bent; and all their bed Cavaliers are actually fo named : Thefe
Hafhem of Africa are a Body of feveral hundreds, and are deemed the
braveft and mod expert Cavalry in all Barbary j none excepted. If they
are really a Branch of the Afiatic Hajhemioun, as they feem to infinuate,
and fcarce ever learn any Tongue but Arabic, they are no Way related
to the Beni-Abbas, but are natural Arabs, of Arabia ; whereas the others
are real and mod ancient Africans, not much acquainted with even the
Language of the Arabians. This {hall fuffice at prefent, concerning thefe
People (ftill referring the curious Reader to what Hints have been given
in the Introduclion) till we fhall have Occaiion to fay fomething of Bou-
zead, or Abon-Zead abou Mucron, the reigning Sultan of Beni-Abbas,
who about eleven or twelve Years fince fell out with the Algerines, and had

_____ _

1 Marmsl concludes his Hiltory of Africa t about 1 570. It was publifhcd at Granada in
1573- ,.

1 divers

The History ^/Algiers. 417

divers fmart Conflicts ; and at forae of the Rencounters I happened
to be prefent. I left the Country foon after Matters were adjufted, and
Bouzead very likely to remain what I here call him, viz. The reigning
Sultan. To return to our more immediate Subject.

Tho' Marmol takes no Notice of the Peace (truck up by the Algerines be-
fore their Departure, yet Haedo affirms ft, and goes on to this Effect,
v iz. Hajfan Bajha, returning home with this Agreement, lay at Al-
giers for near two Years wholly inactive. Having himfelf efpoufed the
King of Cucco's fair Daughter, he would needs marry, at the fame
Time, a Niece of that Sultan to a great Favourite of his, named Al-Caid
Hajfan, a Renegado Greek, Nephew to that famous Corfair Ochali, of
whom we fhall have Occafion to treat in a fucceeding Chapter. With
great Solemnity, thofe young Ladies were conducted to Algiers, from the
Mountains, under a ftrong Guard of Turkijl) and Moorifo Cavalry; and,
with the utmoft Rejoicing and Magnificence, thofe Nuptials were cele-
brated. This occafloned Hajfan Bajba to comply with his new Father-
in-Law's Requefl, of what, till then, could never be obtained j viz. A
free Trade with Algiers ; more particularly for the Exportation of Con-
trabands, as Fire-Arms, Powder, &c. of which thofe Mountaineers were
then very greedy, but are now fufficiently flocked ; nay, even with to-
lerable Artificers of their own : And they may not unjuftly be called, an
ingenious, induftrious People. Licence being once granted for that Sort
of Commerce, the Roads became continually thronged with Zwcuwa,
flocking to Algiers-, from whence they never returned but loaded with
fome of thofe Commodities. It was not without an Eye of J ealoufy that the
Turks beheld their Streets never free from Crouds of furly-looking Highland-
ers i a People they could not like, merely becaufe they were valiant and would
not be their VafTals. But to fee them driving the Trade they did, put them
beyond all Patience; as dreading the Confequences : And that not altoge-
ther without Reafon ; as they have fince experienced : All thofe Mountains
being now full of as good Marksmen as any in the'Univerfe, among whom it
would be a difficult Matter for a young Fellow to get even a Wife, worth
having, before he is Matter of a Fuzil ; and of which they are all fo ex-
tremely nice and careful, that they feldom care to touch their Arms with
the bare Hand, left they fhould be foiled ; in which Points they are much
nicer than even the Turks of Algiers themfelves, who, one may fafely ven-
Vol. II. H h h ture

4i8 The History of Algiers,

ture to affirm, are, in raoft things of that Nature, fcarce to be out-done
in Nicety and Cleanlinefs.

A. D, iftfi. All this carrying with it a fufpicious Afpect, the Turks
began, in earneft, to be alarmed : Nor lay their real Sentiments long
dormant. They would not be perfuaded, but that a Negociation was
on Foot, between his Highland Majefty and Hajfan Bajha, detrimental to
the Ottoman Intereft > as tending to a general Revolt of thofe Provinces,
of which this Vice-Roy aimed at the Sovereignty, independent of the
Turkijb Sultan : And one Day in September, their Jealoufy was raifed to
a more than ordinary Pitch, upon perceiving, in the principal Street alone,
more than 600 Zwouwa, gathered together in Parties, talking and look-
ing with as much Aflurance as they could have done at their own Homes r
Of all which, as a very unufual Sight, the Turks thought much j thofe
of Algiers in particular being a Set of Sparks who will not allow any to
be impudent, but themfelves. Bofnoc Hajfan, Aga of the Janifaries, as
the Perfon who, by his Poll, had the beft Title to apply a Remedy to
fo growing an Evil, immediately called a Diwan, or Council -, whereat
it was concluded, peremptorily, to demand the Bajba inftantly to iflue
out a Proclamation, forbidding, on Pain of prefent and irremifllble Death,
any Zwouwi from offering to purchafe Contrabands, meaning Arms and
Ammunition of any Sort, and prohibiting the People of Algiers, and its
Domain, from felling them any, under the like Penalty. This being
done, the Aga, in Conjunction with the Bey-ler-Bey, or General-
iffimo, in the Name of the whole Body of the Militia, fent the Bajha an-
other no lefs abfolute Demand 5 which was to give Orders that, within
two Hours, every Zwouwi fhould depart from Algiers, upon Pain of being
cut in Pieces. The Town being cleared, a great Number of Janifaries,
headed by their Aga, and his officious Affiftant, u Cwfa* Mebemed, the
Bey-ler-Bey, went to the Palace, and there feized the Bajha; whom,
having ftrongly fettered, they committed to a clofe Prifon, well guarded.
From thence they went to the Habitation of Ocbali-, whom, together with
his before- mentioned Nephew, Al-Caid Hajfan, they inftantly fecured in
Irons. With all poffible Expedition, fix Gallies were fitted out, and, with
thofe three fettered Prifoners, fent to Confiantinople : AxvH the two Joint-
Confpirators took on themfelves the Adminiftration. This fecond Time,

* Coufa, or Cufa> in Turkijb, fignifiea one whofe Beard grows very thin.

Hajfan

The History of Algisks. 41*

Hajfan Bajha governed the State about four Years and four Months, viz.
from June iff 7, to October if6i.

Bosnoc Hassan Aga and Cousa Mehemed;
' Joint-Deputies, with the Title of Khalifas.

Thefe Deputies were both reckoned natural Turks-, tho' the Aga was
a Native of Bojnia, as the Word Bofnoc implies : They governed the
State about five Months 5 nothing remarkable occurring under their Ad-
ministration. Haffan Bajha knew fo well how to tell his Story, at the
Porte, that he and his two Companions were foon declared innocent, and
fet at Liberty.' But a new Bajha being appointed, he no fooner arri-
ved at Algiers, but the two officious Deputies were feiied and fent away,
in Irons, to Conjlantinople, where they loft their Heads. Bofnoc Haffan
was aged forty two, tali of Stature, rather lean than plump, and of a
brown Gomplexion. Couj'a Mehemed was about fifty, middle- fized and
corpulent* He had large Eyes, a Roman Nofe, and was fomewhat fwarthy.

A ham ed Bash a.

A. D. if 61. About the middle of February, this Year, Ahamed Bajha
arrived at Algiers, with fix of the Grand Signor's Galiies , where he met
with a more than ordinary good Reception, on Account of his being a
very great Favourite of the Sultan's. The firft Step he took was to fecure
and fend away his Predeceftbrs. As it was and ftill is the Cuftom,
for all Perfons in any public Employ, to prefent the new Comer with
Sums of Money, and other Donatives, the Algerines (trove, with Emula-
tion, who fhould make his Court firft, and in the handfomeft Manner, to
this Bajha, upon his Acceflion : All which he fwallowed with an exceflive
Greedinefs. He was much noted for his Avarice* during the many Years
of his being Bojlanji-Bajhee, or Head- Gardiner to Sultan Suliman, and with,
all much in that Monarch's Favour : And he is faid, only out of the Fruits
and Herbs of thofe Gardens, to have accumulated a prodigious Mafs of
Wealth 5 with Part of which he purchafed this Vice-Royalty, from Rofa,
v H h h 1 the

410 The History of Algiers.

the Sultan's favourite Miftrefs. Nor could he forget his old Trade, when
he came to his new Government : But left no Means uneffayed to re-imburfe
himfelf, to the general Difgufl of the People over whom he prefided*
But he did not long trouble them : For, at four Months End, he was
carried off by a bloody-Flux. He lies interred under a Dome among
the other Bajbas. His Age was about fixty ; his Beard quite grey. He
was very robuft, tall, corpulent and fwarthy. 'Till farther Orders from
Above, the Vacancy was fupplicd by his Kayia, or Lieutenant, a Perfon
we have fpoken of before j w viz.

Al-Caid Yah i a, Deputy-Vice-Roy: The fecond and
lafi Time of his Officiating.

This Man ruled fomewhat more than four Months, in great Tranquil-
lity : Nor did any thing happen in his Time worth remarking. After this*
he lived privately in great Honour and Efteem, till if 70, which being
the fixtieth Year of his Age, he died not long after his Return from Tunis y
whither he accompanied Alt Bajha, Farias, vulgarly called Ochali. The
Occafion of his Death was this. At the Bombardment of the Goletta^ a
fmall Cannon-Shot from one of the Barks upon the Lake, grazed clofe
by the Calf of his right Leg, without touching the Boot 5 yet the Wind of
it threw him down, and the whole Limb became utterly difabled and black
asSoot. He was brought alive to Algiers, in a Litter, thb' in great Mifery,
and languifhed fome Months 5 for no Remedy would avail, even to give
him the lead Refpite. He was tall, lufty, and fwarthy, his Eyes
large and black, with a Beard very bufhy. He left one Daughter, Heirtis
to much Wealth, which he had by Haji's Daughter. This Lady is ftiil
living, fays Haedo, and is named Leila Aijha, married to Al-Caid Daud.
.She buried him, very decently, among the other principal Algerittes, without
Beb-al-U r eyd.

7 Look back to P. 397.

CHAP.

The History <?/Algiers. 421

CHAP. XL

Basha XIV. Hassan Basha. The third and laft Time

of his Adminiflration.* Some Account of the A l-

gerines at /^Siege ofMxhTh. The Hiftory of the
famous Corfair, Dragut Rais.

An. Bom, 1 f6z.

THE Services and great Merits of the Barba-rojfas, tho' fo long after
their Deceafe, were certainly and apparently, very inftrumental towards
the Advancement of Hajhan Bajha, Son of Heyradin Barba-rojfa, to the
Bajbalic of Algiers, notwithstanding the Multitude and Power of his
invidious Enemies and Competitors: Nor could it once be faid, that he
was ever looked on with a very evil Eye by the grateful and generous *S#-
Viman j which upon this third and laft Occafion appeared clearer than ever.
For, befides that Monarch's fo readily accepting his Excufes, in a Cafe which
was far from wanting even very ftrong and prefumptive Sufpicions, and
a Cafe of no lefs Importance, than the difmembring fuch a State from the
Empire, he, likewife, refufed not the facrifking his Accufers to his Re-
fentment, nor the reftoring him to his Poft -, tho' to the utter Difcontent
of many principal Perfons, and more particularly, of one of his raoft inti-
mate Grandees. Tho' it is not unlikely, that thefe Favours were, in great
Meafure, owing to the rich Prefents he made to Rofa, and the chief Bajhas
of the Court. To conduct him to his Government Piali Bajha, the
Grand Admiral of the Ottoman Fleets, furnifhed him with ten Royal Gal-
lies, which were Part of thofe he took from the Spaniards, at the Ifland
Jerba, in if 6*0.

At the Beginning of September, this Year, he once more arrived at Algiers :
And the Joy and Satisfaction, for his unexpected Appearance, were fo gene-
ral, that even the Women, notwithflanding their Retirednefs, crouded
on the Terraces of the Houfes, and with loud and joyful Acclamations, wel-
comed him to his native Country. And, as it was ufual, as we obferved,
for the new Bajhas to take up their Lodging,, for fome Days, in a certain

Houfc

4i2 The History of Algiers.

Houfe near the Marine Gate, till the Palace was evacuated, Hajfan BaJJja
went up directly to the Palace j thereby giving to underftand, that he
deemed Ahamed Bafha, though exprefly commiffioned from the Sultan,
as no other than a Ufurper of his Right, and that, had he been ftill liv.
ing, he would have ferved him in the very fame Manner. He immedi-
ately began to make mighty Preparations for fome great Expedition, with-
out acquainting any with his Defigns : Which were to befiege Or an and
Marfa-al-Kebir , and that not only with the View of gaining Honour, by
attacking Places of their Strength and Importance, but to revenge himfelf
upon the Janifaries, for their late Infolence.

A. D. 1^63. Early in February , this Year, he fet out with a greater
Force than any Bajba of Algiers ever did, either before or fince : For be-
tween Turks, Renegadoes, Kul-Oglous and Morifcoes, his Army confirmed of
no les than 1 f coo Foot, all Fuziliers, from the City of Algiers alone 5 to-
gether with 1000 Spabis. His Father-in-Law, the King of Cucco, fur-
nilhcd him with a confiderable Body of African Cavalry, which, with others
fent him by fevetal Sheikhs, amounted to 10000. By Sea he fent thirty
two Gallies and Galeots, full of Artillery, Ammunitions, and all warlike
Stores j which were accompanied by three large French VeiTels, laden with
Bifcuit, Oil and other neceflary Provisions. He thought fit firft to at-
tack Marfa~al-Kebir, in order to poffefs himfelf of its fpacious Port 5 and
becaufe that Place was of greater Strength and Importance. April 3,
he laid Siege to it j and after a furious and terrible Battery of feveral Months
almoft-inceffant Continuance, and divers fmart AfTaults, which coft both
Parties much Blood, he was at length forced to break up, and depart very
precipitately ; being informed of the near and long-expedled Approach
of Prince D'Oria, with a powerful Succour, on the Gallies of Genoua,
Naples and Sicily. Don Martin de Cordoua, Marquis De Cortes, (who
fome Time before had rartfomed himfelf with a great Sum of Money from
his Captivity at Algiers, and was Governor of that Fortrefs under his elder
Brother, Don Alonfo, Captain- General of thole Garrifons) had made a Gal-
lant Defenfej otherwife it was thought that the Algerines would, certainly 5
have then carried their Point. The Bafha got to Algiers towards July :
And in that City, for a long while, nothing was to be heard but the Cries
and Lamentations of Women, for the Lofs of their Friends and Relations.
Not with (landing which Hajfan Bafha could not poffibly diflemble his Sa-
tisfaction at his being rid of abundance of his profefFed Enemies, who had

1 periihed

7he History ^Algiers. 425

periihed in that Expedition. Much to this purpofe fays Haedo. But
MarmoU as ufual, is very circumftantial ; From whom take thefe few Par-*
ticulars.

The Bajha wrote to the Kings of Cucco and Beni- Abbas for their Troops j
both which Princes readily agreed to fend all they could poflibly fpare,
provided he went not againft the S her if : Becaufe, as he kept fecret his
Intentions, mod People furmifed the War was levelled at the Tingitana.
The King of Cucco's Son brought 6000 Men, Horfe and Foot j and the
King of Beni- Abbas fent a like Number, under the Conduct of an expe-
rienced Officer. The Chriftians would never venture without the Walls
of either Place, though the Enemy daily braved them at their very Gates, a
considerable while before the Siege began, the Turkijh Fleet not being yet arri-
ved : The Spanijh General thinking it very well if he could ftand his Ground
within Doors. One Morning, indeed, as the Bajha, in Perfon, went with
an Ingenier and a Party of Horfe, to reconnoitre the Walls of Or an Part
of the Garrifon fallied to diflurb him ; with whom he had a Skirmifh of
about three Hours, without any very confiderable Damage to either Party :
However, the Chriftians were repulfed, and Hajfan Bajha having, leifurely
done what he came for, went and did the like at Marfa-al-Kebir, and Fore
S. Miguel, which had been lately built by the Count Don Alonfo, for the
better Defenfe of that large Fortrefs. To employ himfelf till the Gallies
came, Hajfan Bajba having removed his Camp to a certain Fountain near Or an
upon an Eminence, where the Artillery could not damage his Incampment.
This Place is not far from a Fort named 'Torre de los Santos, or the Tower
of the Saints: From that Tower the Spaniards in Garrifon killed feveral
Straglers, as well with fmall Shot as from three or four little Field- Pieces.
This imaged the Bajha -, infomuch that he refolved immediately to fcale
it 5 and foon put his Refolution in Execution. But thofe few Spaniards
made a notable Defenfe j being favoured by the Cannon from Torre del Hacho
another Tower, and probably would have repulfed the Invaders, had not
a wicked Fellow, among them, got away to the Turkijh Camp, with
a Defign of Apoftatizing, and acquainted the Bajha with their Weaknefs.
The Bajha fent him back to fummon them, and, in his Name, to offer
them free Leave to retire to Oran, in cafe they inftantly gave up the Fort.
This pernicious Counfel they embraced : But the Bajha kept not his Pro-
mife> fince they were all made Slaves. The Count was much difturbed
at the Lofs of that Tower 5 and very preffingly wrote to Spain for Succour-,

which

42 4 The History <?/ Algiers*

which could not fpeedily be obtained j almoft all the Spanijh Gallics hav-
ing been lately caftawayj with their General and whole Equipage, at Fort
Herradura. And to attempt fending Recruits on weak V effete, would be
no other than putting them into the Mouth of the Enemy j whofe Bri-
gantines, and other imall Craft, were very thick upon all thofe Coafts :
So that, of NeCeflity, they muft wait for the Gallies, of Italy, &c.
On the other Hand, Hajfan Bajha, finding himfelf fo unexpectedly Matter
of that Fort, left Part of his Camp to beleager Oran, while he marched
a League farther Weftward, to attempt- Fort S. Miguel, above Marfa-al-
Kebir-y pitching his Camp on the Hill over it, out of Reach of the Can-
non. Sending fome Turks, with a Renegado to fummon the Fort, the Com-
mander ordered the\Renegado Summoner to be fhor at, while he was mak-
ing them Propofals, from the Bajba, for their fafe Paffage to Spain. At
this Hajfan Bajba was fo incenfed, that without waiting for his Artillery,
or other warlike Machines, which were coming in the Fleet of Gallies,
he caufed a Quantity of Branches to be cut, wherewith to fill up the Ditch,
and attempted to carry the Fort by Scalado. But being repulfed with Lofs,
though the Turks behaved with the utmoft Gallantry and Refolution, he
refolved to wait till the Arrival of the Battering Cannon. However, be-
ing very defirous of that Fort, which was the Key of the whole Place, he
fent a Neapolitan Renegado, who had been very intimate with Don Martin,
while he was a Captive at Algiers, to try whether, by Perfuafion, he could
Wing him to aSurrendry. The Renegado, having with him a Flag of Truce,
afked to fpeak with that Nobleman j who, upon being told who inquired
for him, immediately came up from the Fonrefs. After fome particular
Difcourfe, Don Martin difmiffed his Vifitorj telling him: that he fhould
acquaint the Bajha, from him, " That if he thought himfelf bound in
cc Duty to the Sultan, his Patron, to endeavour the reducing that Fortj he
<e himfelf was no lefs bound in Duty to his Sovereign, the King of Spain,
" to defend it, as far as he was.able: But that, if he could ferve his Excel -
M lency in any other Affair, hcfhould be always very ready." When the
Algerine Fleet arrived, Marja- al-Kebir was befieged by Sea and Land 5 aid
a Squadron, of Gallies was pofted in order to keep off all Relief, by Sea 5
and by Land, all the Paffes were fecured, by which the Arabs might at-
tempt to throw in Proviiions. Hajfan Bajba carried on his Batteries and
AfTaults with fuch Fury,- that this Author calls him Fierce Pagan-, nor does
he make the Defenfe lefs refolute than the Attack : And he fails not to
4 make

The History ^/Algiers. 4,2$

make all the Encounters to be obftinate and not bloodlefs; never forget-
ting to extol his Spaniards. < < Fort S. Miguel being much diftrefled,
Don Martin wrote to the Count his Brother for Succour; whofent him,
by Sea, 130 Soldiers, and what elfe he moft wanted : And the Barks, which
brought them, happily got into the Haven ; by Reafon that the Turkijh
Gallies, &c. left to guard the Entrance, had been forced from thence by
ftormy Weather. Great Diligence was ufed to repair the Damages done
to the Walls of that important Fort, by the incefTant Cannonading. Haf-
fanBaJha refolved to have it if poflible; and prepared for a general AfTault 5
at which he would needs be prefent. All the Artillery was brought- to
beat upon it; and at Day-break began to play furioufly; which terrible
Battery, in a very little Space of Time , laid level hot only the new
Repairs, but much widened the former Breaches. The Signal being
given, he advanced refolutely at the Head of his whole Force. The
lately fent Recruits flood thofe in the Fort in very great Stead; for the
Attack was made very much in Earned. But, fays my Author, the Spa-
niards fought like Lions. A bold Turk planted the Bajba's Standard upon
the Wall ; but enjoyed not long the Glory of that gallant Exploit 5 he
being foon cut in Pieces, together with a' confiderable Number of brave
Janifaries and Levents, who flrove that Day to excel each other in Bra-
very ; and that the rather becaufe in Prefence of their Captain-General.
After this firft Attack and Repulfe, the Bajba drew off and re-commen-
ced the Battery ; and a little before Noon, he marched up again fo vigo-
roufly, that two Standards were immediately feen flying on the Top of the
Breach. Tho' the Spaniards behaved fo manfully, that thofe few left
more than 1 000 of the Enemy dead upon the Spot, yet they could not re-
move the two Standards, with which they were ftill pufhing on to gain
Ground. While Hajfan BaJJja was exciting his repulfed Turks to renew
the AfTault, a Shot from the great Fortrefs took off two AUCaids
who were clofe by him, and Part of a Stone, mattered by the fame Ball,
Wounded him in the Face. " Yet, fo far , fays this Author, was the
tC Pagan from flinching thereat, that with greater Fury than ever he
c urged on his Troops to Battel." The Conflict was furious > and the
Enemy once more repulfed. Fifty Recruits got into the Fort that Nighr,
and were much welcomed by the fatigued Garrifon. But'their Chiefs, finding
the Enemy working at a Mine, determined to abandon a Port: they then
defpaired of defending. Eight Soldiers, under Covert of the Nighr, at-
Vol.II. I i i tempted

426 The History of Algiers.

tempted to get to the Fortrefs, to acquaint Don Martin with* their Condition,
and demand a Body of Men to fecure their Retreat. But the Bajba, mif-
trufting fome fuch Matter, had ported a fufficient Number of Turks to in-
tercept them. Of thofc Spaniards four were killed, and three taken j but
the eighth had the Addrefs to conceal himfelf among the Rocks, and at
length by fwimming to reach Marfa-al-Kebtr, Don Martin being infor.
med of all by this Meflenger, fent ioo Soldiers to bring off the Garrifon.
Thefe found them already on the Way, and engaged with a Party of
Turks; whom they obliged to retreat, and then they brought off all the
wounded Spaniards , left in the Fort by the retiring Garrifon. The
Cbrijiians loft two Captains and twelve Soldiers. Hajfan Ba/ba, joy-
ful at this Succefs, turned three Cannon, from his new-gained Fort, a-
gainft the great Fortrefs, whofe Wall, on that Side, he began to batter.
Don Martin, muftering his Garrifon, found he had but 4^0 in a fighting
Condition. However, he chearfully repaired the Damages he received,
and prepared for a vigorous Deienfe, with the utmoft Prudence and Re-
folution. Confiderable Breaches being made, the Bajba lent to fummon
Don Martin j offering him any Conditions he would demand. In Re-
turn to which he only faid -, " That he wondered much, why Hajfan
" Bajba, having made fo good a Breach, did not begin his Attack." Per-
ceiving how little Advantage he was like to reap by Treaty, the Bajba,
that Evening, aflembled all his Chiefs, and concluded the next Morning
they (hould give a general Afftult. Having fired all the Cannon, that
they might advance under Covert of the Smoak with lefs Damage, the
Infidels began to move. In the Front marched 1 2000 Arabs and Africans,
upon whom the Cbrijiians fpent their fir ft Fury, by a general Difcharge
of their, great and fmall Shot. After them advanced the main Body of
the Janifuries : And next came the Bajba with a ftrong Guard of Turks
and Renegadoes. A great Body of Referve was waiting the Event, ready
to affift where needful 5 while the reft carried on the (everal Attacks.
Eighteen Gallies, on which were 2,000 Turks, attacked by Sea. Much
Gallantry was {hewed on both fides > and the AlTailants were at length re-
pulfed, not without confiderable Lofs, and among the reft fell many of their
boldctl Janijaries and Levents. " The Cbrijiians, this Day, fought moft
" valiantly : Nor did any Soldier count himfelf a Man, who had not Gain
** feveral Enemies." Of the Barbarians perifhed upwards of if 00, of
which Number 600 were either Turks or Renegadoes : And they left twen-
ty four Ladders Handing againft the Walls of the Fortrefs. Being retired,

they

The Histort <?f Algiers. 427

they miffed the Al-Caid of Tremizan; and the Bajha, knowing that he had
been left difabled in the Ditch, fent, as a very particular Favour, to intrcat
Don Martin's Permiflion to bring off a certain wounded Turk (without
naming the Perfon) to whom he had fome Regard: And his Requeft was
courteously granted } even without farther Inquiry. When the Turks,
who were fent on that Errand, had found him they wanted, together
with two of his Domeftics, likewife maimed by his Side, they brought
them away. The wounded Al-Caid, fenflble 0$ Don Martin's Generofity
towards him, called out aloud j " GOD give Victory to fogood a Cavalier
W For he certainly merits it, by his Valour and Courtely." Hajfan Bajha
rejoiced exceedingly at his Efcape, and caufed him to be carefully attended,
till his perfect Recovery: Which was no more than his DefertS} he real-
ly being a very brave Soldier. Yet, never-the-more for this Civility, was
the Pagan's Fury a Whit appeafed : But, the very next Morning, with a
Rage greater than ever, he gave another AfTaulr, managed juft like that
of the Day before* But the Defendants being in excellent Order to receive
him, they refilled bravely j and the Al-Caid of Mojiaganem, Jafer Aga^&cc*
being forely wounded, and more than 300 Janifaries, with other Turks,
being {lain outright, the reft began to retreat. The fierce and impatient
Mind of Hajfan Bajha, this Day more particularly, unable to brook thefe
Difgraces, he ran directly to the Battery j where taking off his * Turbantj
he rolled it down into the Ditch, crying out} " For Shame, Mujfulmans /
" What an Indignity is this to the TurkiJJi Name, that we fhould be thus
" repulfed by a few v Goats in their Pen." When, perceiving his Words
to be of fmall Effect, he drew his Scimetar, and with his Target in Handj
he began furioufly to advance, faying} " Since you fhew your Backs, I
u will be myfclf the Sacrifice, and die fighting, tObexpiate your Cowardice
" and Difhonour!" But being detained by fome Al-Caids, the Turks a-
gain gave the Onfet. Yet fo were they intimidated, that the Attack was
not of any long Continuance } but they foon drew off} leaving the Chrif-
tians extremely joyful at their Deliverance from that Peril. The Day fol-
lowing, while the Turks were battering very warmly, to encourage the
Befieged, the Count, from Or an, at the Head of his Cavalry, came with-
in Sight of theFortrefs. And the fame Day came in two Atgerine Cruifers
with a Spanijh Prize, from Malaga, laden with Wheat, Bifcuit, Oil, Cheefei
&c. And foon after them arrived eight others, with Ammunition and Pro-

* The Turkijh Word is fulipant. It is raiely ufed. r A Turkijh Phrafe.

1 i i i vifions,

42*- The History of Algiers.

vifions, from Algiers, to the great Joy of the Enemies, who began to be
in extreme Want of all Neceflaries. After this, they gave another very
fmart Attack, which lafted from Morning till Sun-fet 5 when the Bajha,
to his great Mortification, finding he met with nothing but Blows, found-
ed a Retreat. Soon after, arrived Prince Gio. Andrea D'Oria, with thirty
three Royal Gallies, well manned with Veterans, and a great Number
of the principal Gentry of Spam, Italy, &c. As they were coming, the
Chiefs were of feveral Opinions, how to proceed, in order to prevent
the Turks Fleet from efcapmg : But the contrary Weather they met with
caufed all their Schemes to prove abortive. At length, being more atten-
tive to fuccour Marfa-al-Kebir, which was in manifeft Danger, than
upon any thing elfe, rowing in the very Teeth of the Wind, they got
to Baya de Pian, when it was broad Day-Light j where they were foon
difcovered by a Turkijh Galeot, left there in Guard j which immediately
firing its Middle-Gun, as a Signal to the reft, which were at Cape Falcon*
fpeeded away to its Conforts, and then they all took the Way to Algiers*
The Cbrijiian Admiral, perceiving the Enemy's Motions, thinking it need-
lefs to purfue, with fo little Profpect of Succefs, made a Signal for the
Gallies to defift from attempting to follow; and bearing down for Oran,
in his Way thither he took five Algerine Galeots, which the Turks had
abandoned, together with four French VefTels, whereon were eighteen
Cbriftians j which Veflels had brought Pro virions, &V.' from Algiers*
This done, he advanced to Marfa-al-Kebir, where he caufed all the Sol-
diery to leap alhore, with only their Arms. Upon this the Befiegers and
the Befieged inftantly changed Conditions : For Hajban Bajba no fooner
beheld the Gallies, but he ftruck his Tents, and marched off towards
Moftaganem ; the Rear being brought up by the Janifaries* A Party of
Horfe fet out on the Purfuit j but perceiving the Enemy to be far a-head,
they foon gave over. The Turks, much mortified, and in a wretched
Plight, returned to Algiers.* Thus Marmol: And by this and other

Extracts to be found in this Hiftory, any indifferent Eye may eafily judge
of that Author's Manner of delivering a Story. The Bajba alone

feemed calm, fedate and even pleafed 5 as not being able to diiguife
a lingular Satisfaction he enjoyed, in being thus completely revenged on
his turbulent Janifaries, whom he had conducted where fo many of thofe
his Infukers had been knocked on the Head : And he had, in petto, another
fuch Jobb, to rid himfclfof the Remnant j as will foon appear. As

for

The History ^Algiers. 423

for the * Fort, near Oran, taken by Hajfan Bajha, tho' my Authors are
wholly filent, we are not to doubt, but that the Turks quitted it, imme-
diately upon the Appearance of the Armada.

That Armada, having miffed its Aim in intercepting the Algerine Galli-
es, bore away for their Settlement at * Penon de Velez, : But in attempting
to root out thofe reftlefs Corfairs from that their commodious Lurking-
Place, the Cbriftians received a notable Repulfe from the Handful of Turks
there in Garrifon. But the Year following, i yO"4, Don Garcia de Toledo
Vice-Roy of Catalonia, who commanded a mighty Fleet, whereon was
the Flower of Chriflendom, had far better Succefs, and carried that feem-
ingly impregnable Fortrefs, on a fcarce-acceffible Rock. Which, acord-
ing to M. VAbbe de Vertot and others, he could never have effected, had
not the fmall Garrifon oS Algerine s been bafely deferted by their pusillani-
mous Governor. This Hiftorian makes them but thirty} tho' Marmot,
who is very circumftantial, fays fifty, and that they were reinforced by
100 more, from Algiers, As for Haedo, he mentions it not at all. This
Lofs was much regretted by the Algerines, and even by Sultan SuJiman,
who vowed Revenge, efpecially on the Knights of Malta, who bore a
great Part in its Reduction.

For this and other Reafons, Hajfan Bajha was highly incenfed againfl
that noble Military Order 5 and, backed by Dragut Rais (of whom we
{hall foon have Occafion to make much Mention) was ftrenuoufly follici-
ting the Ottoman Sultan to attack their Ifland. That Monarch wavered
fome Time: Butfomething happened, which, more than all the reft, brought
him to a Refolution how to employ the powerful Fleet he had been fit-
ting out for fome Months before.

A, D. if 64. A Turki/h Maon, or Galeon, enormoufly large, laden
with the Treafures of the Eaft, and mounted with twenty prodigious
Cannon, with many others of a fmaller Size, all Brafs, well manned with
expert Officers, and more than 200 Janifaries, befides Mariners, was en-
countered, between the Iflands Zant and Cephalonia, by the feven Mal-
tefe Gallies, as they were returning from the Conqueft of El Peton de
Felez. Of thefe five belonged to the Order, and the others to theGrand-
Mafter. The Rais, or Captain of that VefTel was a brave Turk, named,

* Mentioned in P. 423. * Look back to P. 374 and 379.- . Marmot L. 4. treats

very largely of that Place.

Bairam-

430 The History of Algiers.

Bairarx-Oglou, and that noble Galeon appertained to the Kiz-ler Jga, Chief
of his Ottoman Majefty's Black Eunuchs : And feveral of the principal
Ladies of the Seraglio were greatly interefted in the rich Cargo. The
Maltefe General, De Giou, fired a Gun, without Ball ; imagining that
fingle VefTel would not offer to refill his feven Royal Gallies. But
he was anfwered with a Ball 5 and at the fame Inftant the Turki/b
Banner, Streamers, &c. began to appear, waving and bidding Defiance,
The two Maltefe Generals, perceiving they fliould not gain that Prize
without fmart Blows, agreed, that they fliould begin the Attack in their
own Gallies, and that, having difcharged, the two Patronas fliould re-
lieve them, as fliould the three remaining Gallies relieve the Patronas;
fo that their Fire might be continual. But, through the Jealoufy and E-
mulation of thofe Commanders, this Order was ill obferved : . Each envy-
ing the other the Honour of the Victory. The Capitana Galley of Ge-
neral De Giou, having crowded itfelf under the Poop of that great VefTel,
was inftantly covered all over with artificial Fire, and his Cavaliers and
Soldiers maimed and killed outright with Stones and Small-Shot : And
the Artillery, loaded with Cartouches, flew a great Number 5 infomuch
that this Attacker was glad to get farther off : Romegas, the other Ge-
neral, who commanded the Grand- Matter's two Gallies, on his Side, at-
tacked the Enemy with his accuftomary Intrepidity : But a Cannon- Shot
from the Galeon, taking away the Wade or Bend of his Galley, killed
him two and twenty Men : And another Shot carried over- board twenty
more. This Commander, apprehenfive of being funk by a monflrous
Cannon, whofe Mouth he perceived pointed on a level with the Water,
determined to draw out of Reach j tho' to his great Regret. Next advan-
ced the two Patronas, who, in Concert, grappled clofe with the Galeon,
on each Side, and plied their Fire fo terribly, that many of the Janifaries
were foon either {lain or difabled. " But this courageous Militia (fays
" VAbbh de Vertot, from whom I extract thefe Particulars) of whofe in-
* tire Body the principal Force of the Turkijb Empire confifts, flill fought
" on with the fame Intrepidity." Nor was it long before the two Pa-
tronas were obliged to call the other three Gallies to their Afliftance : And
when the two Generals had got their own Gallies in fome Order, they
returned, and the Conflict was renewed with a new Fury. It continued
five Hours inceflantly, without (hewing what would be the Event : And
notwithflanding the Gallantry of the Knights, they mufl, perhaps, have
z gone

The History ^Algiers. 431

gone off with what Damage they received, could the Turks have ufed all
their Artillery. But, unhappily for them, thro* the Avarice of the
Merchants, their beft Guns were fo embaralTed with Bales of Goods, that
they flood them in no manner of Stead : So that, upon this Account alone,
the Cavaliers got Entrance. This Victory coft the Chrifiians upwards
of fix-fcore Men, between Knights and Soldiers ; and abundance more
were wounded. * The Turks, befides the wounded, loft above eighty
Janlfaries, with feveral Officers 5 and, among others, an Ingineer, who,
by his Courage and Skill in pointing the Cannon, had a greater Share in
fo brave a Defenfe than even the Captain himfelf.

This Affair made more Noifeat Conftantinople, efpecially in the Seraglio^
than the Lo fs of an important Town would have done. The Kiz-kr Aga,
who was the Owner of the Galeon, and the favourite Ladies, who were
deeply concerned in it, caft themfelves at the Sultan's Feet, incefTantly
demanding Vengeance. That Monarch, taking the Bufinefs as an Infult
offered to his very Family, fwore by his own Head, that he would ex-
terminate the whole Order. But as the Particulars of that remarkable
Siege are to be met with in VAbbe de Vertofs accurate Hiftory of Malta,
we fhall content ourfelves with only taking Notice of what relates to
the Algerints,in that Expedition.

Marmol fays not a Word of thefe Affairs. Hat do fays to this Effect-
In September, if 64, Hajfan Bajha (who had not ftirred out of
Algiers fince his Return from Oran, &c.) received Letters from the Porte,
containing the Sultan's ftrict Injunctions, to be in a Readinefs, by the fuc-
ceeding Spring, to join the Ottoman Armada, before Malta, with all the
Gallies and Men he could poflibly raife. All that Winter was employed
in fitting out Gallies, &c. but the Defign was kept fecret -, only he
gave out, that thofe Preparations were by the Sultan's Order, who, when
Matters were ripe, would fend his farther Commands.

A. D. if6f. Early in March, this Year, continues he, another Letter came
from his Ottoman Majefly, intimating, that the Armada would be at Mal-
ta in a Month at flu theft: Upon this Intelligence, the Bajha fet out
from Algiers about the middle of May, with twenty eight Gallies, all
exceedingly well provided with Artillery and other NeceiTane.s and a-
bout 3000 Turks, Sec. all choice and. experienced Veterans. The Damage
the Ottomans received in that Campaign is univerfally known j and, per-
haps, Algiers alone loft more Men, in Proportion, than all the reft -, fince
. ? of

432 The History ^Algiers.

of thofc 3000 fcarce half of them efcaped. " For, as the Turks and Re-
" negadoes of Algiers are looked on as the braveft and moft expert Soldiery
" the Tar* has in his whole Empire, Muftafa Bajha, the Land- General in
" that Expedition, made great Ufe of them, in all Cafes of the greateft
" Danger." And Hajfan Bajha himfelf ferved very diligently, during
that whole Warj Piali Bajha, the Turkijh Admiral, almoft always recom-
mending to his Care the Direction of the Fleet, while* he himfelf was
afhore, and very frequently fent him out to Sea, to guard the Coafts, and
convoy Tranfports. At length the Turks being put to Flight by the Chrif-
tian Armada, under Conduct of Don Garcia de Toledo, the Spanijh Ad-
miral, Hajfan Bajha returned to Algiers, with his twenty eight Gallies,
where he arrived early in October,
To this brief Account of Haedo, we will add fome Circum (lances from

M. UAbbede Vertot, who is very particular, viz. Hajfan, Vice-Roy of

Algiers* came to the Camp, at the Head of 15-00 Men, all old Soldiers,
of great Valour and Refolution, and who were commonly termed the
k Bravoes of Algiers. When he took a View of Cattle St. Elmo, beholding
its Smallnefs, he could not forbear faying, S That had his Algerines been
" prefent at the Beginning of the Siege, it would not have held out fo
" long." This c young Turk, was Son to Barba-rojfa, and Son-in-Law
to the renowned Dragut Rais. Proud and vain-glorious on Account of
thofe Names, and to illuftrate his own, he requefted the Bajha to intruft
him with the Aflault of Fort St. Michael-, and he boafted that he would
undertake to carry it Sword in Hand. Mujlafa Bajha, being an old General,
and one who would not be at all difpleafed that this prefumptuous Boafter
might, at his Coft, be convinced of the Keennefs of the Knight's Swords,
replied obligingly, " That, not at all dubious of the Succefs, next to the
" Sultan, he willingly confented to relinquifh to* him the whole Ho-
" nour of that Enterprize." And to put him in a Condition to undertake
it with fomething of a Profpect, as likewife that the Enemy might be
attacked both by Sea and Land, he gave him 6000 Soldiers j alluring
him, that, on the Land-Side, he fhould not fail of being fuftained by him-
felf in Perfon, at the Head of all his Forces. Hajfan Bajha, with his

fc Fide Vol. I. p. 317 and 319. c Not fo very young neither : Since twenty one

Years before he was Bajha of Algiers, and in his twenty eighth Year. We may pre fume
M. VAibe to be very well affured of Hajfan Bajta"i having efpoufed a Daughter of Dragut.
What we cannot difprove nauft pafs.

1 Algerines,

The History of Algiers. 43$

Algerines, determined to attack that fmall Peninfyla both by Land and
by Sea, committing the Direction of the Land-Attack to the Care of
his own Lieutenant, named Candalifa, a Remgado Greek, an old, experien-
ced Corfair, cruel, blood-thirfty, but an incomparable Seaman, and one
who had been brought up under Barba-roffa. This double Attack was,
for fome Days, preceded, by a continual Difcharge of twenty five Can-
non, from four different Batteries. It feemed by that Procedure, as if the
Turks intended only to profecute the War at a Diftance: But July 15-, at
Day-break, the Scene changed: For a bloody and moft obftinate Conflict
enfued, wherein the braveft and moft forward Warriors, on both Sides?
loft their Lives, fighting Hand to Hand. While the Turks, thro' the Ruins
their Artillery had made, were endeavouring, by the Ifthmus, to force a
Paflage into the Peninfula, their Slaves and others, from the Gallies, had,
by main Strength, brought a-crofs Mount Sheberras and Port Muzet
a prodigious Number of Boats, into which, when they were again fet
afloat, Candalifa caufed a Body of Algerines to enter, together with more
than 2000 of the Levantines, . This fmall but well-armed Fleet, which al-
moft covered that fpacious Haven, with the Sound of Trumpets, Drums,
and other barbarous martial Mufic, departed from the Coaft of Mount
Sheberras. In its Front went a large Bark, full of Mahometan Priefts,
fome of them, in Hymns, imploring the Protection and Afliftance of
Heaven, while others, with open Books in their Hands, were vomit-
ing out dire Imprecations againft the Chriftians. This Ceremony gave
Place to more dangerous Weapons j and the Turks advanced boldly
to the very Stacado. Candalifa flattered himfelf with the Hopes of
forcing a Way thro' it ; or, if he could not do that, his Defign was
to have made his Soldiers get over it, with the Help of Planks, which
were to ferve as a Bridge. But he had reckoned without his Hofl, the
Diftance being greater than his Planks would reach. And when he
went about to cut thro' the Bomb, made of Mafts and Chains, his Men
were inftantly overwhelmed with a Tempcft of Mufquet-Balls. At the'
fame Time the Cannon from St. Angelo, and other Places, playing fmartly
upon the Boats, a very great Number of them were funk, and the reft
forced to make away. Their Leader having rallied them as beft he could,
and obferving the Point of the Peninfula not to be intirely covered by
the Stacado, and that there was one Place where he fancied a Defcent
might be attempted, he advanced thither. This was a fort of Cape, or
VoL - lL Kkk Promontory,

454 The History of Algiers. /

Promontory, whereon was a Retrenchment, lined with a numerous Band
of Mufqueteers 5 its Foot being wafhed by the Water of the Port. This
Point of Land was, likewife, defended by a Battery of fix Cannon, pla-
ced at the Feet of two Wind-Mills, which were upon that Eminence j
which Cannon were pointed even with the Water. The Commander, a t
this Place, was the brave Chevalier De Guimeran. He fuffered the Ene-
my to approach very near, and then let fly among them a clofe Volley of
great and fmall Shot, which funk many of their Boats : And it was even
reported, that near 400 Turks dropped with that one Difcharge. Candor
lifa^ who' t was brought up, as we may fay, in the very Fire, and inured to the
Dangers of War, while the Cbrifiians were re-charging, leaped afhore,
and, at the Head of his Algerines^ poflefied himfelf of the Bank. There
he had frefh Perils to encounter : For De Guimeran had referved two
great Guns charged with Cartrouches, whofe Contents he fent among the
crouding Invaders 5 and that fo much to the Purpofe, that he laid a Num-
ber of them fprawling on the Ground. Their General, always intrepiJ,
perceiving his People to be daunted, and that many of them were attempt-
ing to recover their Boats, partly by Intreaties, partly by Threats, but
much more by his Refolution, and the great Example he fet them, he de-
tained thofe Flinchers upon the Bank : And, to deprive them of all Hope
or Profpec"t. of efcaping, he commanded thofe in the Boats to put off from
Land j which was no other than giving his Followers to underftand, that
they muft either conquer or perifh : And, upon this Occafion, it appeared,
that Defpair frequently does more than Courage, and even than the ordi-
nary Strength of Nature. The Algerines^ who led the Attack, their Sabres
in one Hand, and a Ladder under the other Arm,ufed their utmoft Efforts
to mount that Retrenchment : All which they did with the greateft Emu-
lation, driving who fhould firft poffefs a Poll fo dangerous j every one,
with a generous Difdain of Peril and Death, prefenting his Breaft to the
Defendant's Weapon. The Difpute was long and defperate, the Blood
running in Streams at the Foot of that Retrenchment. Yet the Barba-
rians abandoned themfelves to a Fury fo determined, that, after a Conflict
of five Hours Continuance, they gained the Top of it, and there planted
feven Enfigns. At the Appearance of thofe Standards, notwithstanding
the Knights were reduced to a very fmall Number, a noble Indignation
and Difdain brought them back to the Charge. Admiral Monti put him-
felf

The HiSTORr of Algiers, 4j>

felfat the Head $ and after a reciprocal Difcharge of fmall Shot, they fell to
it with Javelins, Swords, and even with Daggers and Poinards. The Defen-
dants were in imminent Danger of being over-powered, had not the ever-
vigilant Grand-Mafter De la Vaktte fent them timely Succour. But this
Succour was preceded by another of a Nature lingular enough. A Band
of near 200 Boys, armed with Slings, which they ufed with great Dex-
terity, advanced, and fent a Shower of Stones amidft the Enemy, with
loud and repeated Shouts of, Victory! Victory ! Admiral De Giou, at the
Head of the new Comers, advancing, Pike in Hand, charged the Af-
failantsfurioufly, drove all before him, tore away the Standards* and at length
forced the Enemy to abandon the Top of the Rampart, where they were
about making a Lodgment. The greatefl Part of the Barbarians, being
clofely prefled by the Knights, when they found that Place too hot to hold
them, leaped down the Precipice. Candalifa, their Commander, fled
with the f oremoft 5 and notwithftanding he had ever, till that Moment*
(hewed a moft undaunted Refolution, he there found the End of it, even
before the Action was ended. In lofing the Hopes of conquering, he loft
all his Courage} and the Apprehenfion of falling into the Hands of the
Knights, who gave no Quarter, obliged him to recall his Boats. He was
even the very firft who got aboard. His own Soldiers, utterly afliamedof
fo precipitate a Flight, redounding fo much to the Difhonour of their
whole Body, never after called him by any other Name than that of The
treacherous Greek : Laying to his Charge d , " That he was a double Rene-
*' gado-y having acted fo bafely, merely to deliver them up to the Fury of
" the Cavaliers." With more to the fame Effect.

Neverthelefs thofe e brave Algerines, tho' they were abandoned by their
Leader, made a retreating Fight, with exemplary Courage. Nor was
there lefs Blood {hed, on either Side, at the Attack made by the Vice-Roy
of Algiers. That Commander, having, by the Difcharge of a Cannon,
given the Signal for the AfTault, advanced fiercely, at the Head of his
Troops, to every one of the Breaches which the Batteries had opened on
the Side of Barmola and Fort St. Michael. The Front of the Attack he
gave to fuch of the Algerines as he had retained with himfelf. With
fuch Ardour and Refolution did this bold Militia prefent themfelves, that

d This is very much like the Language ufed by the Turks to their Profelytes. More Inilan-
ces may be given. \ Vide Vol. I. P. 317, and 319.

K k k z . their

436 f^ History <?/Algiers.

their Enfigns were inflantly feen flying all along upon the Parapets.
The Chevalier Rabies, a Pcrfon renowned for his Valour, and more efpe-
cially for his Experience in War- Affairs, commanded in that Station.
To the firft Impetuofity of the Infidels he oppofed the whole Fire of his
Artillery, purpofely charged with Cartrouches, and which, being fent
among the clolefl: Battalions of the Enemy, immediately made a mod hor-
rible Maflacre: And while the Cannon and Mortars were re-charging, a
good Number of SpaniJJj and Portuguefe Knights, who fired Flank-wife
from Barmola, fo luckily feconded the great Guns, with Vollies of Small-
Shot, that the Algerines, brave and determined as they were, unable to
fuftain the Fury of that Tempeft, led off by their Commander, glide^
along the Parapet, and repaired to another Breach j where, from the Re-
port of fome Deferters, he hoped to meet with a lefs vigorous Refinance.
In this Pod commanded the Chevaliers Carlo Rufo and De la Ricca, both
Captains of Gallies. Many Knights, their AiTiftants, with abundance of
Soldiers, prefently perimed by the Fire- Works thrown into their Retrench*
merit* and they themfelves were carried off, grievoufly wounded. Admi-
ral Monti, the Commander, with feveral of thofe Knights who had fo gal-
lantly defended the other Breach, took their Places. There the Alger ims 9
after having behaved with much Bravery, were again repulfed, with con_
fiderable Lofs : Not that the Defendants efcaped undamaged. However,
Hajfan Bajba, whofe fole Hope of Conqueft confifted in wearying-out thofe
gallant Knights, led on a Body of Levant Jamjaries, inftead of his repulf-
.ed Algerines j who were fufficiently tired and exhaufted with fo warm a
Difpute, of five Hours Continuance. But as we are not writing the
Hiftoryof Malta, but of the Algerines, we fhall only add here, that the
Knights did what was poflible for Men to do, and that this Hiftorian
never once fpeaks a Syllable to the Difadvantage of either Hajfan Bajha, or
his Troops > but on the contrary, whenever he mentions them, it is rather
to their Credit : Nay, he acknowledges the whole Turkijb Army to have

done the utmoft of their Duty, as good and refolute Soldiers. Canda-

lifa-i notwithstanding his late Difgrace, was intrufted with the Guard of
the Coaftsj having under his Direction eighty well-appointed Gallies.
When, at length, Part of the long- fighed- for and mofl-fhamefully-de!ayed
Succours arrived, the Turks imbarked, with Precipitation. But the Turkijh
General had fcarce got aboard, but, apprehenfive of the Sultan's Refent-
tnent, he called a Council of War, whereat it was long debated how

they

The History of Algiers. 473

they fhould proceed. The Vice- Roy of Algiers was of Opinion, that
they fhould again land their Forces, and give the Enemy Battel. He rc-
prefented to Mujiafa Bafha, " That if, as they were credibly informed,
" the new Comers confided of only 6000 Men, it was no difficult Mac-
" ter for him to go in qucft of them with double their Number : And if
" he got the Day, as it was not unlikely he might, he would then be in
" a Condition to fhut up the Avenues of the Ifland from the Remainder
" of thofe Succours, which was to come with the Vice-Roy of Sicily's
" and that the Knights, reduced to fo fmall a Company, and they quite
" exhaufted, having few Soldiers left, would be conftrained to capitulate.''
Piali, the Captain- BaJJj a, jealous of Muftafa's Credit, and who would
not have been at all difpleafed at the Mifcarriage of this his Enterprife
was of a contrary Sentiment: And faid> " That, afcer their having loft
ct the Flower of the Ottoman Army, it was dangerous to venture a Rem-
" nant of Troops, difheartened and wore out by fo tedious a Siege, againft
" a Body of frefh Men, who impatiently longed to come to Blows with
" them." But the Vice-Roy of Algiers' s Opinion, (into which Mujiafa
BaJIja readily came) was carried againft the Captain-Bafba, and his Parti-
fans, by two Voices : And accordingly, it was concluded, that the Army
fhould be again landed 5 which the Turks could not be brought to, with-
out a rigorous Compulsion :. So lick were they grown of their Campaign-
But we fhall take Notice only of what regards the Algerines. Our ffa/l
fan Bajha, with his Algerines, (being in Number about 1 foo, the reft be-
ing all demolished,) was left at the Sea-Side, to favour the Retreat, while
Mujiafa Bafba bravely led on his Levantines* They were routed : The
Bafha himfelf falling twice from his Horfej and feveral of his faithfuleft
Domeftics loft their Lives, aflifting him to remount. 'The Chrijiians-i
adds this Author, purfued the Infidels with Ardour j the Enemy, who fled
before them, prevented their being fenfible of the fcorching Sun-Beams.
The Generality of the Knights, who were all heavily armed, the better
Co follow the flying Turks, threw away their Cuirafles, &c. and notwith-
standing the greateft Part of the Infidels they over- took were laid panting
on the Ground, juffc expiring with Thirft and Wcarinefs, all they came
near were immediately difpatched, at the Points of their Rapiers. If
was not without all imaginable Difficulty, and a very confiderable Lofs
that the Turks reached the Sea-Side. 'Till then, the Chrijiians had been
more put to it to "overtake than to oppofe their Invaders: But as the light-

* eft

438 the History of Algiers.

eft and moll alert of them had broke their Ranks to purfue the Fugitives,
and, intoxicated with Victory, forbore obferving any Order, the Vice-
Roy of Algiers, who was covered by the Point of a Rock, (allied out from
that Ambufcade, at the Head of his Troops, and, perceiving the Purfuers
to be few, he fell upon them, flew feveral, and took Prifoners the Che-
valiers Marcos de Toledo, Pedro de 7ala, Ribatajada, with fomc others, and,
among them, an Evglijb Knight, whofe Name is unknown. During the
Conflict, { Alvaro de Sande happily arriving with fome Battalions from the
Rear, he fell furioufly upon the Algerines, putting them to Flight, cutting
in Pieces all that offered to refift, and recovering all the Prifoners. As
the Turks had loft all their Courage, they fought nothing but their Ship-
ping} and fo eager were the Cbriftians, that many of them waded up to
the very Arm-Pits in Water, and (hot them even on board their Gallies,
&c. a It is pretended, adds this Author, that, from firft to laft, the Turks
* loft not lefs than 50000 Men at this Attempt upon Malta." Hajfan
Bajba, having thus fignalized himfelf, and diminifhed the Number of thofe
who had affronted him in fo grofe a Manner, returned to Algiers - 9 where
there wanted not more Howling, among the Women, whofe Friends had
forgot to find the Way home again. Something in particular concern-
ing the Knights has been fajd, in Vol. I P. jop, &c.

It was at this famous Siege, that the Arch - Corfair Dragut Rais loft
his Life$ a Perfon ftill much talked of} concerning whom take the
following Particulars, extracted from Marmol and M. VAbbe de Ver-
tot ', neither of whom are to be fufpe&ed of Partiality in bis Favour.

The Hiftory of the famous Corfair, Dragut Rais.

He was born in a fmall Village in Natolia, or Afia-Minor, oppofite

to the Ifland Rhodes. His Parents were Mahometans, mean in Condition,

whofe Subfiftence was wholly owing to their Labour in the Culture of

the Land they farmed. This obfcure and toilfome Life ill agreeing with

young Dragut's fprightly and afpiring Genius, when in his twelfth Year,

f A brave Spanijb Commander who greatly fignalized himfelf at the late unfortunate Attempt
upon the Ifland Jerba, (where the Spaniards twice or thrice mifcarried) corruptly called, Los
Gelvesy by the Spaniards. The Account is at large in Marmel, L. VI M. VAbbe de

Fertot treats of it.

Ihe History ^Algiers. 43^

he entered into the Service of a Matter- Gunner, who ferved on board
the Grand Signor's Gallies. Under this Mafter he rofe to be a good Pi-
lot and a moft excellent Gunner \ in both which Capacities he ferved feveral
Years. He at laft purchafed a Share in a cruifing Brigantine : Nor was
it long before he became fole Proprietor of a Galeot, with which he took
fome very confiderable Prizes : And, increafing in Strength, he foon ren-
dered himfelf formidable throughout the Levant Parts of the Mediteranean^
and moft remarkable for his Knowledge of thofe Seas. But, as all free-
booting Mujfulmansy frequenting thofe Quarters, muft, in fome meafure,
be D ependants on Barba-roffa II, 8 afterwards Captain Bajba, or Com-
mander in chief of the Ottoman Fleets, Dragut Rah fought his Pro-
tection, and accordingly went to offer him his Service at Algiers. This
Corfair's Reputation flying before him, Barba-rojfa was no Stranger to
his Worth, and was over-joyed to entertain fo brave and fo deferving
a Mariner. During fome Years he was by that Bajha intruded with
the Direction of fundry momentous Expeditions j in all which he acquit-
ted himfelf much to the Satisfaction of his Principal 5 as being never once
unfucccfsful. Barba-rojfa having gradually advanced him to all the mili-
tary Offices in the State, at laft made him his Kayia, or Lieutenant, and
gave him the intire Command of a Squadron of twelve Gallies. From
thence forwards this redoubtable Corfair paffed not one Summer without
ravaging the Coafts of Naples and Sicily : Nor durft any Chriftian VefTcls
attempt to pafs between Spain and Italy; for if they offered it he infallibly
fnapped them up : And when he miffed of his Prey at Sea, he made him-
felf Amends by making Defcents along the Coafts, plundering Villages
and Towns, and dragging away Multitudes of Inhabitants into Capti-
vity.

A. D. if 40, The Emperor, Charles V, weary of the Complaints brought
him from all Quarters, ordered his Admiral, Prince Andrea D'Oria, to
hunt him out, and endeavour, by all poffible Means, to purge the Seas
of fo infufferable a Nuftnce. That General inftantly got ready a Fleet :
And as that ancient Commander was fatisfied with the Honour he had
already gained, he committed the Management of this Affair to the Care
and Direction of his Nephew, h Jannetin D'Oria. Young D'Oria de-

8 M. V Abb's de Vertot fays then ; which is a Miftake. Vide Vol. I. P* 287.
* Vide Vol. I. P. 3.05.

parted

44 o Tke History- of Algiers.

parted in quefi: of Dragut Rais- f and at length had the good Fortune
to light on him under the Coaft of the Ifland/Ctfr/foa, in the Road of
Giralatta, a Caltle fituate between Calvi and Liazzo. The Corfair, who
knew nothing of the Imperial Fleet's being at Sea, imagined he lay very
fecure in that Harbour, with his thirteen Galeots : But he found himfelf
hemmed in on all Hands, and thundered upon by a Tempeft of Cannon
Shot, both from the Jrmada and Caftle. For fome Time he returned
the Salute, with his wonted Refolution : But the fuperior Fire of the
Cbriftiam caufed his to ceafej and he prefently beheld the whole Coaft
thronged with armed Corf,, a fierce People, who came running to con-
tribute towards his Deftrucfcion, in order to revenge themfelvcs upon this
daring, inquiet Corfair, who had made fo frequent Ravages upon their Ifland.
In this Extremity, Dragufs only Method left him was to hang out the
white Flag, and accordingly he demanded a Cefiation of Hoftilities, offer-
ing to capitulate. But the beft Conditions he could obtain, were to pur-
chafe his Life at the Expence of his Liberty. Having furrendered, he
was made pafs, with bis Officers, along by the victorious Jannetin D'Oria 9
who was then a beardlefs Youth. At fight of his Conqueror, the indig-
nant Corfair could not refrain from faying 3 " What! Am I become the
" Slave of that effeminate Catamite?" With much more in the like
Strain. Thofe opprobious ExprefTions being interpreted to the young
Nobleman, highly incenfed thereat, he flew upon him, tore out his Beard
and Muftachios, kicking and buffeting him moll outrageoufly j nay, his
Paffion is faid to have been o exceffive, that, .had he not been prevented,
he would certainly have fheathed his Sword in the Bowels of that aflum-
ing Prifoner. However he ordered him to be flrongly fettered. Dragut
rowed in Admiral D'Orza's own Galley full four Years 5 notwithstanding
he offered what Ranfom he pleafed to exact. ' But, that Term being
expired, the Genoefe were fo alarmed to behold the famous Heyradin-
Barha-rojfa enter their River, at the Head of ico of the Grand Signor's
Gallies, infilling that Dragut Rais fhould be fet at Liberty, that, to pre-
vent their Territory from being ravaged, the Senate begged him of the
Admiral, and, accompanied with Refrefliments and other Prefents, inftnnt-
ly fent him on board the Captain Bajha's Galley. Marmol fays, he paid
3000 Ducats for his Ranfom. Among other Tokens of Barba-roJ/a's

i Vide Vol. I. P. 292.

Favour

The History of Algiers. 44 i

Favour to Dragut, he prefented him with a flout Galeot, and figned his
Patent or Commiflion as Generaliflimo of all the Weftern Corfairs : Nor
was it long before he again found himfelf at the Head of a formidable
Squadron. The Mifchiefs he daily did to the Chrijiians fiirpafs Belief*
to all which he was naturally prone enough : But the ill Treatment he had
met with, during his fdur Years Captivity, was no fmall Addition to the
innate Rapacioufnefs of his Difpofition. In 1 5*48, he entered the Gulph
of Naples with his Squadron, and there plundered Caftel- Lamar e, with mod
of the Towns and Villages upon that Coafl, carrying off a Multitude of
Captives. And a few. Days after this, he took a Maltefe Galley (which
had been feparated from the reft by bad Weather) whereon he found
70000 Ducats, defigned for the Repairs of fome of the Fortifications at
k Tripoly : An irreparable Lofs to that Place, and to its Owners! 1 Barba-
rojfa dying the fame Year, Sultan Suliman, in fome Meafure to make up
the Want of fo renowned an Admiral, commanded all the Corfairs of his
Dominions, to acknowledge Dragut Rah for their Captain- General. Dra-
gut's Ambition increafed with his Power. And, after the Example of m Arouje
Barba-rojfa, he determined to polTefs himfelf of fome ftrong Place, which
had a commodious Port j where, with the Confent and under the Protec-
tion of the Ottoman Emperor, he might fhelter his Cruifers, with their Pri-
zes, and erect a fmall Sovereignty. Replete with thefe Views, in the very
Depth of Winter, he got together all the Corfairs he poflibly could, and
eafily enough drove the Spaniards from n Sufa, Sfacus and Monafter; which
Places Andrea D'Oria, with forty three Gallies, took from the Corfairs
laft Summer. For feveral Years they had been, alternately, under the
Kings of Tunis, the Turkijh Corfairs and the Spaniards. With very little
Difficulty, Dragut got them : But as he forefaw, that he could not long
maintain either of them againft the Imperial Fleet, which would not fail
vifiting them at the Return of the Spring, he bent his View towards the
City Africa, otherwife named Mehedia-, known in the Roman Hiftories by
the Name of Adrumentum. This great City lying fome Leagues Eaft of Tunis,
was built on a Slip of Land which advances into the Sea. Its Fortifications
were regular, the Walls of an extraordinary Height, Thicknefs and Soli-
dity, ftrengthened with many good Towers and Bulwarks, and the Artil-

n xl e - y l i P 'W' Look back toP - 363- m nde Vol. 1. p. 170.

Maritime Towns in the Kingdom of Turns; which during the Domeftic Commotions of
that btate, received thofc who had the longeft Sword.

Vol. II. L \ j lcry

442 The H 1 S*T RY of A L g I e r s.

lery numerous and in excellent Order. On an Eminence, which com-
manded the City, flood a large Fortress, which fcrved it for a Citadel.
The Harbour is capacious and fecure : Befides which, there is a fmaller and
very commodious Port for Gallies, whofe Entrance was defended by a
ilrong Chain. The Sea wafhed the City Walls > and indeed furrounded
it only where the narrow Neck of the Land joined it to the Continent.
The Inhabitants, all natural Moors, had, fome Time before, {hook off their
Obedience to the King of Tunis, and formed themfelves into a Sort of in-
dependent Republic : And, in order to maintain that Independency, they
admitted not either Turk or Cbriftian, for Fear of Surpriie. And if, for
the fake of Traffic, tey fuffercd Foreigners to caft Anchor in their Har-
bour, it was only a few weak trading VefTels 5 and even them not without
all needful Precautions. This Place, fuch as we have defcribed it, became
the Object of our afpiring Corfair's ambitious Views. But as he was
not of himfelf Matter of a Force fufficient to attempt it openly, nor was
he fure of the Ottoman Sultan's Confent to employ his Fleet, he refolved
firft to try what could be done by Stratagem and Artifice. To bring about
this Affair, whereon his Thoughts were fixed, he frequented that Port
more than he ufed to do; but with only a light Brigantine, and perhaps
now and then a Galeot : And when there, he kept his Equipage in more
Order than is often prac"biied among fuch Sort of People. By Pre-
sents of Value and artful Insinuations, he foon contracted great Intimacy
with a leading Moor, named Ibrahim Ambarac, who was Governor of one
of the chief Towers, wherewith the City Wall was furrounded. The
next Bait he laid for his new Friend, was an Offer to take him in a
Sharer in fome of his Cruifers, which would redound abundantly to his
Advantage ; fince few of them ever came home empty-handed : But, at
the fame Time, he gave him to understand, that the better to capacitate
them to keep up their friendly Corrcfpondence, it was abfolutely requifite,
that himfelf, in particular, fhould be admitted among them as a Citizen,
one of their Number : " My Ambition, faid he, reaches no farther :
** And it (hall be my Bufinefs to render you the richeft People, and
w your City the mod dreaded Place in all thefe Parts of the World. "
Thefe gilded Profpe&s glaring in the Moor's Eyes, he propofed the Matter
in a full Council. But all the Reply he got from the Magistracy was
a (harp Reprimand j their Determination being, not to enter into any
particular Alliance with Frce-Booters : Remembring how infolently they

had

The History */ Algiers. 44j

had been treated by Hajfan Gelbi, who, in the Grand S ignor's Name, had
undertaken their Protection. This fevere Repulfe from his Fellow-Citi-
zens, precipitated the vindictive African into a Perfidy he, perhaps, never
defigned. Dragut, being informed of his bad Succefs, fpared neither Do-
natives, Infinuations, Promifes, nor Oaths : And the Bargain was foon
concluded. To take away all Sufpicion, the Corfair departed j but in or-
der to return, better prepared for Execution of what had been then pro-
jecting. One dark Night, he came with feveral Galeots, well manned*
with Detachments from his Garrifons of Sufa, Sfacus, (anciently Stagul
and Rufpe) Monafler, Calibia, 6cc. befides their ordinary Equipages, and
was got under the City Walls, when leaft expected by any but the Tray-
tor Ibrahim and his Partifans. By Day-break the Inhabitants were rouzed
with the Noife of Trumpets, &c. founding a brifk Charge in the very
Heart of their City : Several hundreds of Corfairs, with Dragut at their
Head, having been introduced into Ibrahim's Tower, had reached that
Place by a fubterraneous Pafl'age. Not with Handing their Surprife, they
betook themfelves to their Arms, and, for fome Hours, made a brave Re-
finance. Much Blood being (pile on both Sides, and the Corfairs, who
were poflefled of all important Pofts, making a more regular Fight than
the confufed Africans could do, being taken fo unawares, and acting ra-
ther impetuoufly than with Conduct, they were, at length, forced to accept
for their Sovereign him they had before refufed to admit as a Citizen.
Dragut , having fettled the Affairs of his new State in the belt. Order he
could, committed the Government thereof, during his Abfencc, to
Aifa Rais, a bold young Corfair, his Nephew, with a competent Garrifon,
to keep in awe the impatient Inhabitants ; many of whofe Chiefs he took
with him to cruife (for Water was his Element; which tho* he did as if in
Friendfhip, yet they were in Effect no other than Hoftages. At his De-
parture, he left Orders with Aifa Rats, that, to prevent his Introductor
from betraying him as he had done his Country, he mould give him a
Lift to the next World : And his Orders were punctually obferved by
that his dutiful Nephew. All the Chriflians of thofe Parts were greatly
alarmed at the Reduction of that important Place by this reftlefs and for-
midable Corfair. Charles the Emperor was no lefs difturbed at it than were
thofe his Subjects. He forefaw that Dragut would make it his Place of
Arms : That its commodious Port would be a fafe Receptacle for hi s
Cruifers > and that, from thence, he might very cafily infefl all thofe Seas
and Coafts, and even utterly ruin thofe of Naples, Sicily, &c. To prevent

L 1 1 z h

444 The History of Algiers.

his Defigns, he determined upon the Siege of Africa, or Mehedia, before
thofe troublefome Neighbours had taken too firm Rooting. Bur, before
he entered upon that momentous and difficult Enterprize, his Council were
of Opinion that Sufa, Sfacus, Monafter, Calibia, &c. ought to be recovered
from the Corfairs, in order to weaken them, and withal thereby to ftrengthen
the King of Tunis, his Imperial Majefty's Ally, or rather VafTal. Andrea
D'Oria had pafled the whole Summer of 15*49, with forty three Royal
Gallies, in a fruitlefs Search of the crafty Dragut, who, with twenty four
Galeots, was ravaging throughout thofe Seas and Coafts 3 yet with fuch
Caution and Circumfpe&ion, that he daily heard of his Exploits, but
could never once get Sight of him. The fucceeding Spring, that Gene-
ral was again ordered to Sea with the fame Fleet, and joined by all the
Gallies of his Holinefs, the Grand Duke of Tufcany, and Malta. His Er-
rand was to expel the Corfairs from the above-named Places ; which he
effectually did} though at Monafter he met with a flout Refiftance. Sufa
and Sfacus furrendered without much Trouble. Another Article of his
Errand was, to bring, alive or dead, ;/ he poffibly could, the Arch-Corfair
Dragut, who was making terrible Havock every where, with thirty fix large
and well-provided Galeots j which Part of his Commiflion he neither did
nor could accomplish : For that infidious Enemy knew better Things than
to come within Reach} it being none of his Bufinefs to encounter
Armadas. His Highnefs, Prince D'Oria, heard, indeed, at his firft fet-
ting out, that Dragut was at Monafter, with his whole Squadron : But
our Corfair cared not to be fhut up in fo defenfelefs a Port. He had
good Heels, and loved Sea-Room. Befides, flaying there would be but
Lofs of Time, which he knew, how to employ abundantly more to his
Advantage. He was fcnfible the Chriftian General had not Force enough
with him to attempt his new Acquifitionj fo he was pretty eafy as to
that, and went to his old Trade, making horrid Devastations upon the
Coafts of Spain and its Iflands. Prince D'Oria, for his Part, landed his
Troops at Cape Bona, and eafily poflefled himfelf of the Caftle of Call-
bia } which is the ancient Clupea of the Romans : Ptolomy calls it Curobi.
From thence, being joined by the Troops of Tunis, he marched to Monafter.
There, as we obferved, he had a fmart Conflict with the Corfairs in the
Caftle } and had not their brave Governor been fhot dead in the Breach,
which the Chriftian Artillery had opened, it would have coft much more
Blood. This Lofs was, neverthelefs, very confiderable } and among others
the far greater Pan of 140 Knights of Malta, who bore a great Share

The History ^Algiers. 445

in the Attack. That Lofs is faid to have been chiefly owing to Prince
D'Ora's difdaining to attack fo inconfiderable a Fortrefs in due Form j
giving the Aflault before the Breach was fufnciently levelled. However^
the Governor being killed, the reft of the Turks were fo daunted, that,
as if the Mufquet-Ball which took away his Life had wounded them all
in the Vitals, to favc their Lives they confented to give up their Liberty :
Nor were the Inhabitants, whofe Religious Zeal had induced them to
arm in their Favour, a Whir better treated. Marmol fays, that Andrea
D'Oria, in his Way thither, took fo near a View of Mehedia, or Africa,
that a Shot from thence ftruck againft the Poop of his own Galley, and
took off five of his Men j which put him into a violent Rage j and he
fwore the- utter Deftruction of that defefted City. His Imperial and Ca-
tholic Majefty, taking this Succefs for a profperous Omen, ordered his
General, Prince D'Oria, to prepare for the Siege of Africa: And- the Vice-
Roys of Naples and Sicily were injoined to fupply him with Troops and
all other Affiftance. At two or three Miles from this City and -Monafler
are certain fmall Iflands. There, while Matters were preparing for this
grand Expedition, Andrea D'Oria lay with his -Armada, to intercept all
Succours by Sea* which Dragut might attempt to throw into Africa:
And on the Land Side very little was to be apprehended > the Country*
People having no great Affection for the Corfairs. But the Emperor' s
pofitive Orders foon obliged him to leave the Sea open, and repair to
Palermo, in order to concert Meafures with Don Juan de Vega, Vice-
Roy of Sicily. From thence they went to Trapani, in the fame Iflandj
where they were joined by Don Garcia de Toledo, Son to the Vice- Roy
of Naples, with twenty four Royal Gallies, and many Transports j as like-
wife by the Maltefe Squadron. Some Inconveniences arofe on Account
of the Emulation between the Generals > all which is little to our Pur-
pofe. When Matters were fomewhat accommodated, this mighty Armada
weighed Anchor > and the Army landed a little to the Eaft of Mehedia,
on June 2.6, ij-fo. Dragut had not neglected the Opportunity Prince
D'Oria had been obliged to give him 3 but had well fupplicd his City
both with Men and Provifions. Nor did he fail keeping the Sea, to
prevent the Beficgers from being fupplied. The Spanifh Governor of the
Goletta, by the Emperor's exprefs Command, repaired to the Siege 3 and
the Grand Mafter of Malta fent a good Recruit of Knights, in the Room
of thofe who had mifcarried in the Aflault of the Caftle of Monafler.

I When

446 The History of Algiers.

When the Batteries began again ft thofe noble Walls, (which Jl-Mehedi^
their Founder, had built fo folidly as if they were to endure to the laft
Period of Time) the Citizens, regreting the Defacement of thofe their
beautiful Rampiers, began to murmur, feeming very inclinable to enter
into fome Treaty with the Befiegers, and to ailift them in the Expulfion
of a Grew of imperious Inmates, whofe very Name and Profeflion thofe
more-than-ordinary-civilized Africans actually detefted. But Aifa Mais, a
refolute young Man, loudly aflurcd them, ." That, if he heard a Sylla-
" ble more of thofe Cabals, he would, infallibly, facrifice every Mother's
tc Son of them, and then lay the whole Town in Afhes." And, as they
had no fmall Reafon to fuppofe, he would not fail being as good as his Word,
they deemed it the fafeft Way to be quiet, and wait the Event. Befides,
fays UAbbe de Vertot^ after having thus menaced and reproached them
with their Cowardice, he alked them with more Mildnefs > " Whether,
" in delivering themfelves into the Power of the Chrijiians, they were
" fuch credulous Fools as to imagine, that thole their mortal Enemies,
" being once Matters, wocld leave them the Exercife of their Religion,
ff and the Pofleffion of their Goods and Eftates ? Hinting, That they
" ought to reflect, that, in this War, all that Men hold dear in this
" World lay abfolutely at Stake > their Lives, Liberty, Religion, Wives
" and Children." And at the fame Time, to infpire them with Refolu-
tion, he reprefented to their Consideration the prodigious Strength of their
Walls and Bulwarks, their numerous Artillery, and their Plenty of Arms,
Ammunition and all NecefTaries. Adding, " That he had under his Com-
" mand 1700 brave Soldiers, Foot, with 600 gallant Horfe, which his
<c Unkle Dragut had feie&ed from all his People j and that among them
<c all there was not a Man lefs determinate than himfelf to be rather buri-
" ed under the Ruins of their City than ever once to think of furrender-
* ing it to Cbrijlians" As for the Magiftrates and better Sort of Citizens,
rather intimidated by his Threats, than encouraged by his Promifes and In-
finuations, they, much againft their Inclinations, prepared to fuftain a Siege
it was not in their Power to prevent. But, for the Commonality, furious
with Zeal, and by fo much the more jealous of their Religion, as they are
ignorant of its Rites, all the Reply they made to their Governor's Re-
monftrances was an Inundation of Curfes and Execrations vomited againft
the Cbrifiians. With all imaginable Eagernefs and Emulation, they exhor-
ted each other to die for their Creed > Prejudice and an obftinate Pre-

pofleffion

Ihe History ^Algiers. 447

pofleffion ferving them inftead of Courage and Refolution. Aifa Rats, to
flrengthen them in this Difpofition, and to convince them how little he
dreaded his Invaders, fentout his Cavalry, together with ^ooFuziliers-, who
pofleffing themfelves of a certain neighbouring Eminence, began to make a
veryfmart Fire upon the Imperial Incampment : And it coft the Chriftians

much Blood before they could be diflodged. But, as has been obferved,

we {hall only particularize on what relates more immediately to Dragut
Rais. The Turks being at laft forced from that Poft, from whence they
had greatly annoyed the Chriftian Army, the Citizens began again to be
dilheartened $ nay, a good Number had actually quitted the City, and
got privately away to the Mountains. Aifa Rais, as well by his own Ex-
ample as by encouraging Words, did all could poflibly be done to keep up
their Spirits. He told them, " That they were to blame, if they ima-
" gined themfelves abfent from the Thoughts of Dragut, a Perfon never
" unmindful of his Obligations. They were all his Children : And,
" when they lead of all expected it, they fhould, infallibly, behold him
c appear, at the Head of a Force fufficient, if not to devour, at leaft to
" fet upon the Scamper, that Infidel Army, which, at prefenr, gave them
" fo much Uneafinefs." Thefe and fuch like infinuating Difcourfes fet
thofe muttering Africans, Men, Women and Children, very chearfully
at Work in repairing the Damages done them by the Befiegers Artillery.
Not that Dragut neglected his Duty. As he was not fparing of his Money,
he had raifed at Jerba, and other Parts, feveral thoufands of Moors, moft
of them Foot, armed with Mufkets, and were good Marksmen. Their
Leaders were Men he could depend on: Who, with proper Orders how
to proceed, took their Way by Land ; all prone enough to fight againft
Chriftians. Dragut himfelf, taking the Advantage of a dark Night, un-
perceived got near the diftrefled City, a few Miles to the Weft, and
there landed with 800 flout Corfairs : Sending, at the fame Time, two
expert Swimmers with Letters to his Nephew. Among other Matters,
he acquainted him, that his Defign was to fall upon the Enemy on S-
Jago's Day, amidft their Jollity, while they were getting drunk in Ho-
nour of that their Patron. He concluded with Injunctions to make a brifk
Sally, immediately on the Appearance of his Banners. The Place where
he lay concealed, with his Turks, was in a fpacious Foreft of Olive-
Trees (where the Chriftians came, almoft daily, to cut Fewel and Fafcines)
among the Ruins of a pompous Pleafure-Houfe, once appertaining to Al-

1 Mehedi,

448 The Hist o ry i>f A l gi e R'S.

Mebedi, the magnificent Founder of that noble City. As for his Mcorz
he had afligned them different Quarters. This well-concerted Scheme
mifcarried -, and Chance brought them to Blows fooner than had been in-
tended. Next Morning, as the vigilant Dragut was viewing the Ene-
my's Incampment from an ancient Turret of that Palace, he beheld a
flrong Body of Cbriftians advancing towards him, in order to cut Fafcines,
as ufual. Having inftantly fent away to his JerHns, &c. in certain Val.
lies on the other Side of the Mountain, near the City, to be in a Readi-
nefs, but lying flat on the Ground, till Occafion lor Action fhould offer,
he kept clofe, fuffering the Cbriftians to approach very near j the Pioneers
and -unarmed Soldiers being already bufied in cutting Olive-Branches.
The Detachment was led by Don Juan de Vega, Vice -Roy of Sicily,
in Perfon, accompanied by De la S angle, General of the Maltefe
Troops, Don Luis Perez -de Vargas, Governor of the Goletta, with other
Chiefs, and a good Number of Cavaliers, particularly of Malta. They
ufed frequently to have fbme flight Skirmifhes, upon thofe Occaiions, with
the Moors and Arabs of the neighbouring Parts, among whom were fomc
Fire- Arms j but they never durft venture without the Foreft, but kept
iiring a few Shot from the thickeft of the Grove. But this Day they
appeared uncommonly bold and daring. This was obferved, early in
the Morning, by a certain Sherif, a Domeftic of Mulei Hajfan, the blind
King of Tunis , (who ended his wretched Life at this Siege) a notable,
intelligent Perfon, much confidered by both Factions, on Account of his
reputed Sanctity > and even by the Cbriftian Generals : Tho', very proba-
bly, they confidered him in fome different Lights. This Man, as the
Pioneers and others were preparing to go upon that Errand, with only
the accultomary Convoy, taking Notice of the more than ordinary Bold-
nefs of thofe Moors, fpurred his Mare and went up to them, endeavour-
ing artfully to pump out of them what could occafion their Aflurance.
His penetrating Eye, by their fupercilious Fleers, foon difcerned that fome-
thing was the Matter j tho* they dropped not a Syllable to the Purpofe.
However;, he rode back} and cauflng the Convoy to make a Halt, he re-
paired to Don Juan de Vega's Tent, imparting to him his Sufpicions;
withal diffuading him from letting the People go for Fafcines that Day,
till this Affair ihould clear up : " Since, faid he, if Dragut is actually
' '

Vide Vol. I. P- 347. and in {everal other Places of that Volume, where he is much treat-
ed of.

" there,

The History ^/Algiers. 449

t there, he cannot remain long undifcovered." This being propofed in
Council, the Generals rcfolved, abfolutely, to profecute the Defign, for
two particular Reafons. One, becaufe they flood in great Need of what
they were going for j the other, that they might avoid the Reproach of
having fhewed their Backs, upon any Account whatever. Indeed, it was
agreed to go in a more conflderable Body j and belides the abovcmentioned
Chrifiian Leaders, the Detachment was re- info reed by MuUi Hajans
two Sons, the faid Sheriff and a good Number of their Cavalry. As, in
all Expeditions, the Knights of Malta have the Honour of being in the
Front, General De la Sangle, with his Cavaliers, led the Van of the Im-
perialifts. Dragut, as we remarked, fuffered the Enemy to come very near
and even to begin their Work. For fome Time, only the aforefaid Moors
appeared ; who fkirmifhing with the advanced Cavalry of the Tunifines, and
other Africans, artfully drew them towards the Place where the Turks lay
in Ambufh. But Dragut moved not till the Chriftian Van was juft upon
him, and then fuddenly rufhing out, with all his 800 Corfairs, they
made a furious Difcharge upon the Cavaliers, and ran in upon them, Sabre
in Hand, headed by the tempeftuous Dragut. Though the Surprife was
great, thofe illuftrious Warriors foon recovered themfelves, and made a
bold Refiftance. The Conflict was long, obftinate, bloody, and, for a
conflderable while, dubious. Many of the braved Cavaliers there loft
their Lives, and were greatly regretted > but none more than the gallant
Don Luis Perez de Vargas, Governor of the Goletta. The Difpute foon
became general 5 Dragufs Auxiliaries appearing from different Quarters.
Nor did Aifa Rais neglect his Unkle's Injunctions. He made a bold and
generous Sally, at the Head of his Turkijh Garrifon, followed by a good
Number of armed Citizens; and it* was not long before his Enfigns
were feen waving within the Chrifiian Trenches. Don Garcia de Toledo,
who was left to take Care of the Camp, behaved with the utmoft Valour
and Prudence : And at length the Enemy was repulfed j tho' not without
great Difficulty, and much Bloood-fhed on both Sides. The Vice-Roy
of Sicily had much Ado to difengage his Battalions from the Foreft, and
to regain the Plain. Dragut purfued him clofely a conflderable Way,
and made feveral bold Oniets: But, finding he could not prevail, he ac
laft, to his utter Regret, founded a Retreat. His Moors, being well ac
quainted with the Country, were all difperfed - t nor faw he any more o$*
them till near Sfacus, which was the general Rendevous. Marmol fays,
Vol. II, M m m that

4 5p The History of Algiers.

that between Turks and Moors i8o were killed, and upwards ef 500 woun-
ded. Of the Cbriftians 66 were killed upon the Spot, and 86 wounded
with Musket Shot 5 few of whom recovered. When the Cbrifiians
had thus luckily got rid of Dragut, they renewed their Batteries and
Aflautts with greater Fury than ever. Yet they could not open any one
very practicable Breach, in thofe fcarce penetrable Walls, but what was
inftantly, by thofe within, put into a Condition to deter even the boldeft:
from attempting an Entrance j as many had dearly experienced. While
they were fatiguing themfelves in removing their Batteries from Place to
Place, with very little Succefs, a Mor'tfco, upon fome Difguft, or in hopes
of Recompence, efcaped from the Town, and repaired to Don Garcia dt
Toledo -, acquainting him of a very weak Part of the Wall, near the Sea, and
which, for that Reafon alone, was intirely neglected by the Defendants >
as being under no Apprehenfion of being attacked from that Quarter,
which was too {hallow for the Approach of Ships of Force or Bur-
den. There was a great Jealoufy arid Emulation between the Vice-Roy
of Sicily, and Don Garcia, who, we faid, was Son to the Vice-Roy of
Naples. Don Garcia, an ambitious young Man, keptfecret this Intelligence
from the Vice- Roy his Rival, refolving to monopolize the Honour of
that proraifing Attempt. This General, during the Night, caufed two
of his oldeft and flatted Gallies to be ftrongly linked together, and
covered with Earth, &c. whereon he planted fome large Battering Can-
non. All being ready before the Dawn, this Machine was towed by
Boats to the Place fpecified, and there fecurcd with four Anchors} when
a furious and unexpected Cannonading began, attended with the defired
, Succefs. The Upper-Works, being foon demolifhed, fell down into the
Gallery by which that Station might be affifted, and fo choaked it up>
that all Communication was cut off. This and nothing elfe occafioned tfut
City's Ruin. In the ftorming this Place, the Knights of Malta bore a
very great Part, and many of them bravely loft their Lives : Nor was there
lefs Gallantry {hewed on the Side of the Defendants. We mall not here
particulate. After the Knights of Malta, and their Followers, had actu-
ally got Entrance, M. de Vertot concludes thus } At the Noife of what
-was tranfacting, the Inhabitants ran towards the Place from whence came
the Alarm: And excited by the Cries of their Wives and Children, they
barricaded themfelves in the Streets, and broke Loop -Holes in the Walk
of their Houfes, from whence they made a terrible Fire. The Chevaliers
1 again

The History ^Algiers. 451

Again found a Stop put to their Progrefs, and that they muft, as it were,
begin as many Sieges as there were Retrenchments in each Precinct. But
while they were thus engaged, the Turks and Moors, who were making
Head againft the Neapolitans and Sicilians, in other Quarters, being in-
formed that the Maltefe were got within the Town, they abandoned the
Defenfe of thofe Breaches, and ran to the Afliltance of their Houfes and
Families. The Chrifiians prefently difperfed throughout the City, foon
giving them to underftand, that the only Way for them to have preferr-
ed their private Fortunes would have been to have flood firm in their re-
fpective Stations. Thefe unhappy Citizens, after a no very vigorous Refif-
tance made by them, for a little while, in fome particular Quarters, finding
the Enemy were actually Matters of the Place, began to feek their Safe-
ty by Flight. Some endeavoured to get out into the Plain, in order
to gain the Foreft : Others got into Boats 5 while feveral in Defpair caft
themfelves headlong into the Sea. As for Dragufs own Soldiers, who
dreaded his Reproaches even more than Death itfelf, they thronged to
feck it on the Points and Edges of the Chrifiians Weapons : Not one of
them either demanding, or accepting Quarter -, but they all forced the
Enemy to difpatch them. The Booty was very confiderable. Befldes up-
wards of 7000 Captives, of both Sexes and all Ages and Conditions, the
Victors found this City abounding with Magazines full flowed with exceed-
ing rich Wares, and abundance of Gold, Silver and Jewels in the Hou-
fes of its principal Inhabitants. But the chief Treafure of all was the Place
itfelfj which was at that Time, indifputably, the. flrongefl and faireflupon
the whole Coaft of Africa.

To this Account, abridged from V Abbe de Vertot, let us add a few
Lines from MarmoV% more particular Narrative j who has fome Variati-
ons. Towards the Conclufion, at the lafl General AiTault, he fays to this
Purport, viz* The Turks and Citizens inflantly flew to defend their
Walls, at the feveral Attacks j and the Fire on both Sides was fo very
furious, that it refembled a mod ftupendous Tempeft: of Lightning and
Thunder. The Showers of Bullets and Arrows which, this Day, fell
like Storms of Hail among the Chrifiians, were fo exceflive, that only
thofe which (truck againft the Sand raifed fuch Clouds of Duft that their
Eyes were perfectly blinded : Infomuch that, before the Infantry could
approach the Foot of the Wall, to come to Hand- Blows, more than
300 of them dropped upon the Spot. But the Spaniards prefTed on fo im-

M m m z petuoufly,

452 The History of Algiers.

pnuoufly, that, contemning the Shot and artificial Fires poured on them
by the Enemy, they trampled over the gafping Bodies of their flain Friends,
and courageously mounted the Breaches, giving and receiving mary ter-
rible Wounds, with the greateft Fury and Obftinacy that was ever be-
held.' And, a little farther, he fays -, The Enemy mod vali-
antly defended the City, its Walls, Streets and Houfesj fighting in every
Part of it like People in Defpair : And the Turks, perceiving the City was
entered, retired to the Caftle, and to the Cuftom-Houfe 5 from whence*
with their fmall Shot and Arrows, they did much Damage to the Cbtif*
tians who were fighting in the Streets. This Day, between Turks and
Moors, the Enemy loll above 700 : And many of the Moors fignalized
themfelves in a very extraordinary Manner 5 and out-did even the Turks,
The Captives were 10000, Men, Women and Children: And the Spoil,
in Jewels, Money and Goods, was immenfe. Of the Cbriftians 400
were killed, and more thin f 00 wounded. Few of the chief Turks and
Citizens efcaped. Aifa Rais and a Turkijb AUCaid were made Prifoners.
Don Garcia call all the flain Cbriftians into a great Pit, that the Damage
done them by the Enemy might not be feen.

Tho' fomewhat foreign to our Purpofe, we will not quit 'this noble
City, till we fee its unhappy and near- approaching Cataftropbe. The
circumftantial Marmol furniflies us with Materials; out of which take

thefe few Particulars. Don Juan de Vega, Vice-Roy ef Sicily y

(who would needs appropriate to himfelf the Honour of that important
Victory) having repaired the Ruins, and put things in the beft Order he
could, committed the Government thereof to his Son Don Alvaro, with
fix Companies of Spanijb Infantry, and good Store of Artillery, and all
Neceflaries. Before he returned to Sicily, he went, with twenty Gallies,
in Search of Dragufs Squadron, and to recover the Tributes from Jerba,
Sfacus, &c. The chief Occafion of his going thither was, becaufe the
Sheikh of Jerba, whofe Name was Salba aben Salba, when he heard of
Dragut's Difgracc and Lofs, had wrote very preflingly to Don Juan to
aflift him againft that Corfair, in order to drive him from thofe Quarters :
Offering to fct at Liberty a great Number of Cbriftians, who were Cap-
tives in that Ifland 5 and that he would become tributary to the Empe-
ror Charles, furnilhing him with all proper Materials for the erecting a
Fort or two, in the propereft Places, there to entertain a Garrifon of
Spaniards. And, as a Security for'the Performance of thefe Promifes, he
4 avc

The History of Algiers. 45 $

gave in Hoftage one of his Sons, together with thole of feveral of the
principal I danders. Tho' all this came to nothing 5 as may be feen

in this Author's Account of thofe Affairs. L. VI. Don Alvaro dt

Vega, Governor of Mebcdia, or Africa, continued there peaceably enough,
taking great Care of its Fortifications, 'till the End of July, if fi, whea
the Emperor fent in his Stead Don Sancbo de Leyva. The Grand Signor
had broke the Truce then fubfifting between him and the Emperor Chariest
and it was rumoured, that he defigned to attack this City, at the parti-
cular Inftigation of the reftlefs Dragut Rais, as will farther appear- This
News kept the Garrifon of Africa within Doors, till the Return of the
Ottoman Fleet, after the Mifchief done at the Morea, Sicily, Malt a y and Go-
za'y as may anon be obferved. This Fear being over, the new Gover-
nor, Don Sancbo, emploied his Troops in making frequent Incurfions a-
mong the Natives of that Neighbourhood, and brought in many rich
prizes of Slaves and Cattle. But the Spanifb Soldiers, not having recei-
ved their Pay, for feveral Months paft, (tho' the Governor had advanced
them Subfiftence^Money out of his ownPurfe, and allowed them a Share of
his Booty) began to mutiny. They would not be periuaded, but that
Don Sancbo retained their Money, which, they i nulled, had been always
duly remitted. The Mutiny fcon came to that pafs, that the Officers
in general, even the Serjeants, were expelled the City ; and Don Sancbo
himfelf happily faved his Life, by getting on board a Ship there at An-
chor. In vain he approached the Walls with the VelTe], calling our, in-
treating and protefting his Innocence. In vain he offered to fell his Goods
and Eftate to fatisfy that headlefs Monfter. Nothing reigned among them
but Obftirtacy and Sedition* Don Sancbo, weary of his fruitlefs Endea-
vours, departed for Sicily, with his Fellow-Sufferers. Don Juan dt
Vega, the Vice- Roy, fancied he could bring them to Reafon : But he
foon found himfelf deceived. He then fwore to ftarve them 5 fince they
fhould have no more Proyifions from thence or any other Part. This made
them more outrageous. They had formed themfelves into a Sort of Re-
.public, under the Direction of a ftout Soldier, named Antonio de Aponte
to whom they gave the Title of Eletlo Mayor, or the Chief Elecl and
other Subaltern Magi Urates. Don Sancbo repaired to the Emperor ac
Bruffeh; there to make his Complaints: And, foon after, the Eleclo
Mayor had the Infolence, likewife, to fend an EmbafTy to that Monarch, by
one of his own People, whofe Name was Juan Falcon. What this Em-

baffador

454 The History 0/ Algiers.

baflador demanded, was a new Governor 5 afluring Don Carlos, " That
" the Soldiery would fooner fuffer the crueleft Death, than have any
Dealings with either Don Juan or Don Sancho." The Emperor read
his Credentials 5 but returned no Anfwer for the prefent j as depending on
the Vice-Roy, who had undertaken to accommodate that Affair. At laft
Don Juan wrote him Word, that he could not perform hisPromifej with-
al counfelling the Emperor fpeedily to fend a proper Mediator, left the
Matter grew to a bad Confequence. Mean while the Garrifon refolved
not to be ftarved : And their chief Magi (Irate actually governed with
exemplary Prudence. He armed and fitted out a ftout Brigantine, on
which he put fifty Soldiers. This he fent to cruife on the Coafts of Sici-
ly 5 and it brought in feveral Prizes with Corn and other Provifions : But
he let the Owners go, without offering any farther Injury. He, likewife,
wrote very fqbmiflivcly to the Grand- Mafter of Malta, to fupply him
with NecefTaries for his Money $ which Requeft was courteoufly granted.
Nor wanted he whatever could be fpared him by the Perfon who inti-
tled himfelf P King of Cairouan, then in Alliance with the Spaniards. Be-
fides all this, he made Inroads into the Country, with 4, or j-oo Muske-
teers, upon the Moors and Arabs who were in Enmity with that Prince,
of whofe Perfons and Cattle he made ftrange Havock, filling the Town
with Captives and their Effects : Infomuch, that he became lb dreaded, that
many of the neighbouring Communities, for their better Security, paid
him Contribution, and even glutted with Provifions the weekly Market
he kept without the City. Thus, there was no great Appearance of re-
ducing thofe Revolters by Famine. Not that they cotlld properly be ter-
med Revoltersj but on the contrary, when the <i Prior of Capua, who was
then General of the French Gallies, heard of the Extremity they were in
at firft, he entered fecretly into a Negociation with their Chief, making
him mighty Tenders of the French King's Favour, on Condition he would
furrender the City. All the Reply he got from Antonio de Aponte waSj
M That the City belonged to his Imperial Majefty, and that thofe who
" defended it were Spaniards, Men who would never take a Step in his
if DifTervice." This Prior was Leoni Strozzi, Brother to Pietro Strozzi,
who, at that Juncture, affifted by the King of France, was carrying on a
War in the Siennefe, againff. the Florentines, and other Italian Powers, of

* Vide Vol. I. P. 341. ' Look back to P. 379.

the

The History ^Algiers. 455

the /fufirian Faction. This General had two Gallies of his own 5 and was
extremely defirous of" gaining Admittance into the Port of Africa, from
thence to infeft the Coafls of Sicily. The Aff.irs of this City flood thus,
when Don Juan de Viga wrote to the Emperor, the fecond Time, as above.
The Emperor, reflecting on the little Good Don Sancho was likely to do
in that Bufinefs, even fhould he furnifhhim with Money to pay off that
mutinous Garrifon, by Reafon he wis ill-beloved there, gave him the
Command of the Neaoplttan Gallics. He then fent for Don Hernando de
Acuna, who was at Antwerp, to whom he recommended that Affair j
fending him immediately away, with Uriel: Orders to endeavour chiefly
to get into the City of Africa, and there to chaitife the Infolence of thole
Mutineers, with fome exemplary Punifhment j flill conforming himfelf
to Neceffity, and not to proceed rafhly-. Being apprehenfive left thofe
Defperadoes, either for Want, or Fear of Challifement, might run into fome
Hill greater Diforder: Adding to thefe Orders, That, as foon as thefe
Commotions were appeafed, he fhould ruin that Place, and retire with all
the People and Artillery, &c. into Sicily. For as that Monarch's Hands
were then full of many other weighty Affairs, he thought it more
advifeable, by utterly razing it to the Ground, to prevent the Enemy from
ever again molefling him from thence, than, as Matters then flood with
him, to be at fo very conflderable an Expence, both of Men and Money,
in maintaining it j both which Articles he had much more Occafion to
employ elfewhere. And the better to enable Don Hernando to execute
thefe his Orders with the greater Authority, he figned him two feparate
Commiffions : One capacitating him, of his own proper Authority, to
pardon all, or part of thofe Mutineers, as he faw convenient 5 the
other a general Amnefly, in the Emperor's own Name : This to be made
Ufe of, in cafe the other was not fufficient. Over and above all this, that
Monarch gave him Letters to the Vice-Roys of Naples and Sicily, and to
Prince Andrea D'Oria, that they fhould adr. in Conjunction with him, in
all he required, and fupply him with whatever he demanded, or wanted.
While all thefe Matters were tranfafling at Bruffels, the Vice-Roy of
Sicily 1 ever attentive to this Bufinefs, was carrying on a fecret Negociation
with certain Soldiers of that Garrifon, whom he bribed to itart a Counter-
Mutiny, and to either kill or fecure the Ring Leaders of that Sedition,
as likewife all fuch as were moll averfe to a Pacification, and returning to
their Obedience. Of thefe Soldiers with whom he treated, the Chiefs were

two 5

4$6 The History of Algiers.

two ; namely Vega and Oforio : To whom the Vice-Roy made mighty
Promifes of Favours and Rewards. Thefc, with their Partifans, accom-
plished what there was very little Profpecl: could otherwife have been ef-
fected, without abundance of Difficulty. The Truth is, many of them
began to be uneafy at their having lb long laboured under the Ignominy
of being reputed Rebels. And upon this Account, much to the Scandal
of the Cbriftian Name, amid ft their Enemies, that City was juft at the
Point of being ftrained with the Blood of its Conquerors and Defenders j
had they not been re ftrained by a Sort of Miracle. Antonio de Aponte,
having taken Wind of what was in Agitation, fent his Serjeant -Major,
a ftern, rigid Soldier, to apprehend the Confpiratorsj whom he found in
a Body, ready armed, and determined to make a bold Refiftance : Their
Word was * " Let Mutiny be banifhed j and let all Traitors die ! " While
the two Parties were forming themfelves in Battel-Array, and juft upon
falling together by the Ears, there iflued from the Clouds fo fiery a Blaft,
that the very Fowls and Birds flying in the Air tumbled down dead among
them> infomuch that thofc intended Combatants, in the utmoft Diforder
and Confufion, were forced to disband, and, guarding their Heads and
Faces with their Hands, to run away to feek Shelter from thofe menacing
Meteors, with whofc fcorching Emanations they were furrounded. That
fame Night, Vega, and Oforio took fuch proper Methods, that, killing the
Serjeant -Major, who was the main Support of the Mutiny, and fecuring
all the Magiftrates, with their moft aclrive and refolute Abettors, the reft
were quiet. Of this Succefs Don Juan de Vega had fpeedy Notice:
Whereupon he difpatched the Captain of bis Guards, in a Galley, with
Orders that he fhould amufe the Garrifon with Hopes of their Arrears,
under Pretence that he was fent to make up their Accounts, in order to
pay them off. This he artfully did: And, as farther commanded by his
Mafter the Vice-Roy of Sicily, who was refolved that fo flagrant a Crime
fhould not efcape exemplary Punifhment, immediately fent away Antonio
de Aponte and all his moft diftinguiftied Subftitutes, in order to fuffer
Death by the Hands of an Executioner. And for the greater Security,
this Officer was injoined to put into the firft Portj in Sicily, he could reach,
and there to deliver up thofe Prifoners to the Governor ; who was to an-
fwer for their Appearance. The Galley got to Alicata; and the Governor
fecured them in a Dungeon of the Caftle, ftrongly fettered. It fell out
that the Ottoman Armada arrived there that very Evening > and Part of

the

The History ^Algiers. 457

the Army being landed, the Caflle was attacked : And, notwithstanding
Antonio de Aponte and his Fellow- Prifoners, from their Dungeon, earneftly
fupplicated, that they might have Arms given them, to defend the Breach,
their Requeft was denied j and the Caftle being foon after entered by the
Turks? they were made Slaves with the reft. Not long after Antonio de
Aponte died of a Fever at Confiantinopk. But Don Juan de Vega? deter-
mined to have fome Victims, fent for a like Number of the moft culpable
among thofe who had not been apprehended, and caufed them all to be
hanged at Palermo and other Cities of Sicily. Thus terminated this Affair
which had made fo much Noife. Tripoly was taken by the Turkijb

Fleet, from the Knights of Malta? foon after thefe Tranfactions j in the
Reduction of which Place our Dragut Rais bore no inconfiderable Share:
As likewife in the Attempt made upon Malta? juft before by the fame
Power. Of thefe Affairs we fhali prefently take fome Notice : But let us
fee the laft of this unhappy City. Don Hernando de Acuna? who

bore the Imperial Commiflion to 'act at Difcretion, in regard to thofe
African Commotions, was all the while at Naples? where, by the Vice -Roy
of Sicily? he was informed of what had pafled. With the Emperor's Concur-
rence, it had been concerted, in Consideration of the Difficulty and Ex-
pence of maintaining that African City, to make a Tender of it to the
Knights of Malta? in lieu of Tripoly? which they had lately loft. Nay,
the Defign of the Spaniards was, to try if they could wheedle the Order
to remove their Convent thither, and to reftore to the Crown of Caftile?
or rather of Aragon? the Iflands of Malta and Goza. Indeed, the Empe-
ror himfelf was more inclined utterly to demolifh the Fortifications of that
City* but even that, befides the Coft of doing it, his Generals informed
him was not then to be attempted with any Safety. The French and
Algerine Fleets being at Corfica? from whence, in a very few Hours, they
might arrive to their Interruption, if not Deftruction 5 and the Imperial Ar-
mada not being, at that Juncture, ftrong enough to face thofe confederate
Powers. Befides, it was rumoured, that the Ottoman Fleet was in a Rea-
dinefs to make them another Vifit. : With all thefe Confiderations, and the
infallible Bulwark and Support that City, if in Pofleflion of thofe war-
like Knights, would be to the Emperor's Intereft in his feudatory King,
dom of Tunis? that politic Monarch commiftioned De Acuta to offer them,
in his Name, the fole and independent Sovereignty of Mehedia? or Africa?
with good part of the Artillery, &e. thereto appertaining, and, towards

N n n keeping

45S The History ^/Algiers.

keeping it in Repair, a yearly Allowance of 24000 Ducats. Had Be
medesy their truly- Spanifb Grand-Mailer, lived till that Juncture, it is al.
nioft paft Doubt but that fo weak, fo indolent, fo obftinate, and withal
i'o partial a Prince as be always mewed himfelf to be, would have come
into the Spaniards Meafures : But he was juft dead, and was fucceeded by
Claude de la Sangky a brave and prudent French Nobleman-* elected during
his Abfence at the Court of Rome, where he acted as Embaflador from the
Order, to the great Difappointment of that great Warrior and Politician,
the famous Prior of Capua, of whom we lately made Mention. The new
Grand-Matter, in his Way to MalUy received the Emperor's Letter from
De Acuta. His Reply was, that it muft be propofed in Council, and in-
vited that Embaflador to accompany him thither. DeAcuna, at the gene-
ral Aflembly of the Order, infinuated, " That his Imperial Majefty, being
" fenlibly touched at the Blow they had fuftained in the difraembring from
** their Body the Fortrefs of Tripotyy in order to repair that Lofs, offered
" to yield up to them the intire Propriety of Mehediay otherwife named
i 4 Africa: a Place, continued he, regularly fortified, and from whence the
** Chevaliers might extend their Dominion upon the African Continent:
** That the Sovereignty of that Place was no other than what was due
" to their Valour, fince they had borne fo great a Part in its Conqueft.
** And that the Emperor himfelf, in cafe the Order tranfported their
" Convent thither, might juftly glory himfelf in being the Founder of
" that third Rhodes , and that, to contribute towards the Expences requi-
J? fite for its Defenfe, his Imperial Majefty, who made no Diftinction
" between thelnterefts of their illuftrious Order and his own, would affign
44 to it, for ever, an Annuity of 24000 Ducats, upon the Revenues of
" Sicily."

He farther reprefented the great Obligations their Body had to the
Emperor Charles: " Who, faid he, 'after the Lofs of Rhodes, beholding
44 them abandoned by almoft all the Chrifiian Potentates, and wandering
** up and down through feveral Parts of Italy, generoufly Gripped him-
M felf of the Iflands of Malta and Gaza, therewith to pleafure and gratify
4< the destitute Cavaliers : A magnificent Prefent, faid he, and worthy the
* Piety and Zeal of fo mighty a Prince ! ** With much more in the fame-
Strain. And when many of the Knights, and particularly the French,
,

* Vi4* Vol. I. P. J09 and fe$,

feemed

The History ^Algiers. 459

feemed averfe to the Propofal, he failed not to put them in Mind, " That
" it became them not to difoblige a Monarch to whom they were indeb-
u ted for every Inch of Ground they trod upon." Then again, he rc-
prefented the Infertility of Malta j " which, added he, reduces you to
* c the inconvenient Neceffity of feeking your daily Suftenance at other
M Mens Doors } whereas the Place tendered you is not, like that, fepa-
" rated from the reft of the World, but fituate on a Soil fertiie and lux-
" uriant, which your Swords may make your own." The Affair was
long convafled and warmly debated, between the French and Spanijb Fac-
tions. However, the polite Grand-Mafler, (tho* no worfe a French-man
than his PredecefTor had been a Spaniard^ yet a much fincerer and better
principled Perfon,) not to give a Return pofitively negative, moved, that
before they cancluded upon any thing, fome of their ancienteft and ableft
Commanders fhould pafs over to Africa ^ to take a View of the Place.
The Report made by thofe Commiflaries at their Return was, c That,
" the City of Jfrica flood fituate on a Slip of Land advancing into the
Sea, by which, on three Sides, it was environed j and was a Place very
confiderable on Account of its Circuit and Fortifications : That the City
and Caftle were encompafTed with Walls of an extraordinary Height and
Thicknefs, and flanked with Towers defended by good Cannon. That
the Arfenal was well provided with Artillery, &V. And that nothing was
deficient but the Port 5 great Part of which wanted Depth for their large
Ships of War. Adding, that the Neighbourhood of the City was extreme-
ly beautiful, full of fine riling Grounds, all adorned with Pleafure-Houfes,
Orchards and Vineyards : That the arable Lands reached to a certain
Mountain running along Eaft and Weft, behind which lay prodigious Plains,
on which was abundance of fine Pafture- Land, belonging to the Arab
Tribes of thofe Quarters, who generally paftured their Cattle thereabouts.
When thefe CommiiTaries had thus defcribed the Place, they farther
declared, that a City of that vaft Extent could not be maintained without
a numerous Garrifon ; with feveral more Objections too long to be infer-
tcd: And, to cut ihorr, it was concluded, not to accept the Emperor's
Offer. This Refufal was a Angular Mortification to the Spaniards in ge-
neral} and the Vice- Roy of Sicily carried his Refentment fo far, that he
.refufed the Order even Provifions from his Ifland : Nor would he be ap-
pealed till the Maltefs Gallies, fent by the politic Grand-Mafler, had clear-

Non: ed

460 The History of Algiers.

ed the Sicilian Coafts of feveral Jlgtrine and other Corfairs, who were in-
fefting thofe Quarters.

Don Carlos having now no Way td render the City Africa ferviceable,
refolved, if he could, to prevent its ever more becoming prejudicial to
his Imerefts. In the Account Marmol gives us of its Ruin there are fome
Particulars remarkable enough. What follows is a a brief Extract, viz.
The Garrifon was in Arrears thirty one complete Pays (perhaps
Months) which amounted to more than 1 10000 Ducats : And all that the
Vice-Roy of Sicily could fpare them was no more than 17000, and that
not all in Money neither. With this Don Hernando de jfcma, attended by
five Sicilian Gallies and four large Tranfports, arrived at Mebedia, in order
to put in Execution what his Imperial Majefty had directed. He carried
with him all the Officers, who had been expelled the Garrifon when the
Mutiny began j judging it requifite to have their Afliftance, on all Oc-
cafions 5 as not being certain, whether the Garrifon would agree to have
the City demoliihed : If not, it would be proper that their quondam Offi-
cers fhould be left to affift in its fartheft Defenfe. So that, as yet, no-
thing was abfolutely refolved on. However he was better received than he
expected: The Soldiers flattering themfelves, that, befides the general Am-
nefty, which with open Mouth he proclaimed, they fhould receive their
full Arrears. But here he found he had Occafion for all his Art and Cun-
ning to conceal from thofe Gapers the Scantinefs of his Purfe. The very
firft Step he took, was to learn which of the Soldiers had mofl Autho-
rity among their Fellows. Among thefe he and his Officers privately dif-
tributed certain Sums. Next he affembled the whole Garrifon, reprefent-
ing to them the Emperor's prcfent Neceflities for Money, and the confi-
derable Obligation it would be to their Imperial Matter, if they anfwered
his Hopes and Expectations in bating him fifteen of their thirty one Pays,
and difcount from the Remainder what Subfiftence they had already receiv-'
ed. Though this fet a muttering all whofe Fifts had not been greafed }
yet thofe who had been paid for backing this Propofal , being Men or"
too good a Confcience not to earn their Hire, ftickled fo powerfully for
their neceffitated Sovereign, and reprefented in fuch Colours the defirable
Happincfs and Advantage of being once more honoured with the Title of
his loyal VafTals, that the Acquiefcement became general. However, they
expected the Refidue. This Point being gained, they were, foon after,
re-afTcmbled. Don Hernando then opened himfelf as to the Article of

2 demolifhing

The WiSTOKY'of Algiers. 46"i

demolishing that Fortrefs. Laying before them the Danger, Expence and
Difficulty attending the keeping it j efpecially- while the naval Force of
their avowed Enemies, the French and the Turks, were actually at Sea, and
united: So that, even in- the ruining ir, they muft be fpeedyj which to
do effectually, they had no other Way, but to fet all Hands to work, Day
and Night, to undermine all the Walls, {3c. that this dangerous Bulwark
might vanilh at a Blaft. As to the reft, all he could do, for the prefent*
was to fpare them a Ducat per Man, till their Arrival in Sicily ', where
he promifed them, upon his Honour, the ultimate Maravedi of their De-
mands, according to the late Agreement. To this they, likewife, confented y
and the Mines (being no lefs than twenty Four principal ones, to each
of which belonged fevcral Branches) were ready in a very few Days*
fuch was their Diligence and Afiiduity. All being imbarked, except an En-
fign, with two Companies of Muikcteers, the Gallies and Ships put out
to Sea at a considerable Diftance. The Orders left with this trufty OffiV
cer (that all the Mines might take Fire at the fame Inftant ; and to pre-'
vent any of them from being choaked up by the other neighbouring
RuinsJ were thefe. At the Mouth of each Mine he ported a Soldier,
with a Piece of Match of exactly the fame Thicknefs and four Spans long,
Thefe Centinels were injoined, that, upon hearing a Cannon fired from
the Admiral- Galley, they fhould light their Matches, and, upon hearing
a fecond, inftantly go.. down to the Powder, and there put the Matches
into certain large Canes, ready placed for that Purpofe, and fo difpofed
that juft two Spans of the Match fhould be covered with Powder, and
the lighted End, with the other half of ir, might be laid clear of it> Co
that the Mines might take Fire all ar once. Each of thefe Soldiers was
farther commanded, that as foon as he had done as directed, he fhould
immediately viiithis neareft Camarade, to examine whether he had done his
Duty. Of all this the chief Direction was intruded with the faid Enfign,
who was charged to fee every thing duly executed. This done, they all hafted
away to the Boats, which attended, and rowed away to the Gallies, which,
lay a great Way out at Sea, to avoid the Effe&s of that terrible Blaft
The firft that blew up were thofe in the Weft, and they went on firing
regularly Eaftward, and fo quite round till the Fire reached thofe mad e
crpfs the Ifihmus y under thofe (lately Walls and Bulwarks concerning
which the African Writers report that Al-Mehedi ereded them with
fuch Art and Strength, and had his Mind fo fixed upon that Work, that.

46* The HiTO*.r of Algiers.

lie ufed to\'fay, " If I thought building thcfc Fortifications with Iron, or
** Brais, would render them more durable, I would certainly do it.'*
, " And in an Inftant, (fays Marmot exprefly, who was prefcnt at

* c that Expedition) fuch and io great was the Ruin and Delolation of the
w Walls, &c. all around, that it feemed as if all. the Elements hadmetto-
Ae gether to fight in that Place : Infomuch, that in the Tarn of an Eye,
c' this City, once fo beautiful in its Situation, its Walls, its Towers, &c.
tt fo changed Form, that fuch, as had long dwelt there, when they
*' pafled that Way three Years after, miftook the very Place. Nay the
<c ftrangc Dilfimilitude of its Afpecr. occasioned many great and fatal
*< Miftakes among Mariners." The great Tower near the Land Gate was
left (landing j fome of the neighbouring Ruins having prevented that
Branch of the Mine from taking Fire : But De Acma, rcfolving not to
leave it, landed and removed all Obftaclesj fo that it prefcnt ly fared as the
reft had done. Under the Ruins of the two Towers which guarded the
Port, were found very large Marble Pillars, fa ciofe together, upon which
thofe Towers had reded , and were there fixed to hinder the Sea, in
Proceis of Time, from wafting the Foundation : And the Floors under
them were all paved with fine great Marble Stones. When the Cbrif-
Hans took that City, all the Cavaliers of Note, who had loft their Lives
at the Siege, were interred in the principal Molque. Their Remains
were now taken up and conveyed to the Church at Montreal, near Pa-
lermo, in Sicily. Dm Hernando himfelf wrote them a pompous Epitaph,
which is there ftill to be read. Soon after the Spanijb Squadron was
departed, the French Fleet arrived, in order to tamper with the muti-
nous Garrifon : But they (hould have made greater Hafte.

It is to be feared, fome may think we have been dwelling too long
on the Concerns of this now ruined City. Two Reafons may be afligned
for our fo doing: One becaufe of its having once been the Metropolis
of all thefe Regions : The other in Confideration of the Figure our Dra-
gut Rats, the Hero of this Part of our Hiftory, would very probably
have made in a Fortrels of that Importance. We will now look back to
fee what became of that Arch-Corfair, while thefe Matters were tranfac-
ting, and then haften to have done with him, in order to purfuc our
more immediate Subject. M. UAbbe de Vertot, but in more Words, and
different Places, fays to this EffecT:. Dragut, outrageous at the Loft

of the Gty of Africa, his Treafurcs, Slaves and Friends, which he had

left

The History ef Algiers ^ 3

left there, the Blame of all which Difafters he laid chiefly 'on the Knights
of Malta, reprefented his Grievances before the Grand Signor. His Agent,
at the Porte acquainted that Monarch, and the Diiuan, that the Empe-
ror, by the Conqueft of that Place, had in his Power one of the chief
Keys of the African Continent: That, he was already Matter of the Go-
letta, and of mod of the maritime Towns in the Kingdom of Tunis; That
the Cavaliers of Malta, who were f devoted to that Monarch's Interefts,
were already fortified in Tripoly : That it was to be feared left the drabs?,
who are the Turks mortal Enemies, ftiould facilitate their PalTage over
the Defarts into Egypt 5 and that thefe Cavaliers, under Pretext of deli-
vering Jerufakm and Palejiine from the Ottomans, might penetrate into
thofe Quarters,, and revive the ancient Spirit of the Crufade, or what they
termed the Holy lVar y drawing over to their Party the Cbrijlian Powers^
always formidable when united. Magnificent Prefents, the bed Interpre-
ters at the Porte, and which Dragut caufed to be diftributsd among the
moft powerful Bajhas, engaged them to reprefent, to Sultan < Suiiman, thai-
it was not Dragut Pais alone who was interefted in the Lofs of the City
of Africa, but his Highnefs frill more than he: That this Enterprife was
an apparent Breach of the Truce then fubfifling between the Ottoman and
Cbrijlian Emperors : That he could not avoid expreffing his Refentment
thereat, nor do lefs than expel from all Africa , as he had already done
from Afta, a Body of Knights who were the. avowed and eternal E-
ncmies of the Mujfulman Name and Al-Coran. Suliman, who, contrary
to the Maxims of moft if not all of his Predeceflbrs, was a moft ftric"fc
Regarder of his Word, would not break with the Emperor without firft
giving him Notice. But the Anfwer Don Carlos returned to that Monarch's
Complaints not being fatisfa&ory, mighty Preparations were made for
a War throughout the whole Ottoman Dominions. When Don Car-
los heard what was going forward, he doubted not in the leaft, but that
this Storm was of Dragut's raifing. In order to avoid it, he imagined he
had no more to do than to get this famous Corfair taken ofFj or at leaft
to get him once again into his PofTeffion: As being perfuaded, that when
Sultan Suliman fhould find himlelf deprived of fo able and fo expert a
General, that Monarch would turn the Channel of his Arms a different

* To be underftocd during the Adminiftratton of the late partial and Spanijb Grand-Mailer,
Den Juan De Omtdes. Look back to JP. 458,

4 Way,

464. The- H it x o ry d/Algiers.

Way. Full of this, he ordered Andrea D'Oria to feek him out, and to
fight him, able or not able j and, in a Word, to omit nothing in order to
rid him of an Enemy fo formidable. In Confequence of thefe politive
Injunctions, that Admiral, early in the Spring, put to Sea with twenty
two Royal GaHies, befides Galeots and Brigantines, and, in March, arrived
"upon the Coaft of Africa. To his great Joy, he foon underftood, that
Dragut, with all his Gallies, &c\ partly difarmed, lay in the Harbour of
the 1 11 and Jerba-, and, without loling a Moment, he repaired thither: And,
in order to keep him in, he caft Anchor julr. before the Mouth of it,
-at a Place which the Franks call, La Bocca de Cantara. His unexpected
Arrival greatly furprifed Dragut, who could not tell what to think of
being thus hemmed in by a fuperior Power, without any vilible Poflibi-
lity of efcaping. But being a Man of a bold, undaunted Spirit, he refolv-
cd to leave no Means unattempted. Upon this he afTembled all his Turks,
4$Cc together, with a good Number of the Manders: And making Shew
of being very little apprehenlive of the Chriflian Armada, he advanced at
their Head to the Defenfe of the Mouth of the Harbour, and began a
brifk Fire upon the Gallies j infomuch that Prince D'Oria was obliged to
remove and anchor farther out of Reach. Dragut was not idle a Moment j
but finding his Shot were then ineffectual, he haftily raifed a Baftion juft
at the Entrance, which in a Night's Time he rendered defenfible, having
mounted thereon feveral large Cannon, and garrifoned it with a good Num-
ber of Mufketeers, who began to fire very fmartly upon the Fleet. Ad-
miral D'Oria finding he received Damage, and that he mull necefTarily
draw ftill farther off, till he fhould be in a Capacity to land a Body of
Troops to reduce that new Fort, and drive away the Enemy from the
Mouth of the Harbour, if he ever defigned to get Entrance, diligently
informed himfelf, whether there was any other PafTage for Dragut to efcape :
And being allured, by fuch as were very well acquainted with the Ifland,
that there was no other Way by which he could poflibly get away,
.on any of his own VelTels, he refolved to fend to Sicily, Naples, &c.
for a greater Force, that he might be enabled to attack the Enemy by
Land, as he had already blocked him up by Sea 5 and, as that Admiral af-
rfured.all he wrote to, beyond any Poflibility of efcaping, or, at the very
leaft, of faving a (ingle Boat of his whole Fleet. This News rejoiced all
ihofe Parts of Cbriftendom -, and moft powerful Succours came daily flock-
ing to the Sea -Ports from every Quarter: So eager were the Sufferers to

revenge

The History a/Algiers. 46*5

revenge themfelves on that much-dreaded Corfair. The Vice-Roy of .S7-
cily beftirred himfelf moft vigoroufly in this Affair. On the Patrona Gal-
ley of that Kingdom, he imbarked Mulei Abon-Bucar, Son of Mulei Haf
fan, King of Turns, (6 often mentioned in this Hiftory, with Inftructions
to repair to c Sheikh Salha aben Salha, and to put him in Mind, cc That,
* c as he pretended to be defirous of being his Imperial Majefty's Servanc
<c and Ally, he fhould now, upon this important Oecafion, fignalize him-
* c felf, by ufing all poflible Methods to prevent either Dragut, or any of
" his Fleet, from getting away : By doing which, he would not only rid
" thofe Parts of the World of a deftructive Peftilence, but would infi-
<c nitely oblige the Chriftian Emperor, a Monarch who would not fail of
" returning him an ample Rccompence, or continuing his inceflant Pro-
* tector, in cafe he rendered him and his Subjects fo fignal a Piece of Ser-
" vice. But Dragut fuffered him not to deliver his Embafly, as will foon
w appear.'* Mean while, Andrea D'Oria took not the lead Repofe, ei-
ther by Day or Night j being perpetually upon the Watch, furrounding
the Ifland, left Dragut fhould give him the Slip, in fome Bark orBrigan-
tine, conveyed thither by thofe of his own Profeffion. In thefe Cruifings
he intercepted feveral VefTels, coming to traffic in the Ifland. While he
lay expecting the Land-Forces, &c. he reflected, that, upon their Arrival
of Neceflity he muft enter the Canal, with the Fleet of Gallies, in order
to batter the Fort which , as we obferved, Dragut had juft erected to
defend the Avenue } and accordingly, he fent in a Brigantine to found as
it pafled, and to fix Pikes, with little Flags on them, to mark out the
Flats. Dragut was not at a Lofs to guefs the Meaning of all this* and
failed not to fteal them all away 5 even amidft a Storm of Cannon Shot.
However, he began to be unea(y, and to think his Cafe defperate. The
apparent Danger he was in put him upon a Project, which all the Hifto-
rians who mention it fcruple not to call a moft notable Exploit, and an
Enterprife of which few Examples are to be met with in Story. M. V
jibbb de Vertot terms it an Action no lefs bold than extraordinary. From
him and Marmot, who agree pretty well with the Accounts the Africans
themfelves give of this Affair, take the following Particulars.

Dragut, to amufe the Chriftian Admiral into a Confidence, that he was
determined to defend that Station to the very laft Extremity, had raifed feveral

\ Look back to P. 452,

Vol. II. O o o Retrench-

4 <56 The History of Algiers.

Retrenchments along the Banks of that Canal, on both Sides, whereon were
mounted many Cannon ; and thole Retrenchments were all lined with good
Store of Mufketeers, who kept continually firing at every Chrifiian VeC
fel that offered to approach, as did the Artillery at thofe more diftant.
Yet, all the while, this crafty Corfair was employing himlelf in an Affair
of a very different Nature. As he was never fparing either of Pains, Mo-
ney, or good Words, upon all proper Occaiions, he had fet to work the
Refidue of his Turks, all his Slaves, with more than 2000 of the Iflanders,
to level a Way, crofs the Ifland, from the Place where his Fleet lay, to
the oppofite Shore, near which the Land was conflderably lower, and
where he, likewife pra&ifed a new Canal, as much as his Occafion requi-
red. Athwart this new-made Road he laid Rafters, covered over with well-
tallowed Planks. By main Strength and the Help of Capftans, all the
Gallies, Galeots, Brigantines, &c. were, with the utmoft Silence, hoifted
up and placed upon great Rollers of Wood, and fo drawn along one after
another in a Row > and without abundance of farther Difficulty, they a-
gain found Water, after this unaccountable Land- Journey, from one Sea
to another. This done, fays Marmol, the fubtil Corfair imbarked, with
his proper Equipages, and hailed away ; leaving Andrea D'Oria with the
Dog to holdy very gravely waiting for a competent Force to attack him in
the Harbour, both by Sea and Land, in order to cut him off, Root and
Branch. Nor did the Chrifiian Admiral know any thing of his Efcape,
and the Trick he had played him, till the Meffenger who brought the
News informed him, likewife, of the Capture of the Patrona Galley of
Sicily, which, as we obferved above, was coming to Jerba with an impor-
tant Meffage, fent to Sbeikb Salba aben Salha, from Don Juan de Vega, by
a Son of Mulei Hajfan, King of Tunis, which Dragut mapped up before
he was well got out of Sight of Jerba : And, as Marmol fays, juft under
Prince -D'Orta's Nofe, as it were to brave him, and in Defiance. Thi s
Moorijh Prince was afterwards fent Prifoner to Conflantinople, and continued
{hut up in the Seven Towers till his Death, on Account of his being in
Alliance with the Chrifiian Emperor, in Oppofition to the Ottoman Inte-
reft. Andrea WOria was utterly aflonifhed and confounded at this ftrange
and unexpected Piece of Intelligence ; and immediately difpatched Couriers
to the Vice-Roys of Naples and Sicily, advifing them to be upon their
Guard how they fent out their Gallies, &c. and, as to the reft, giving
them to underftand, how little Need he then had of the Army, f$T. they

z TT were

o o !

The Historst of Algiers. 467

were preparing 5 fince the Bird was got out of the Cage. Thus, fays
Marmol, the Reputation of Dragut became greater than ever j and his
Strength was alfo augmented by the Capture of that Galley and feveral o-
ther Prizes, which he took juft about the fame Time. VAbbe de Fertot
(ays thus: That Corfair, after this, took the Way to Conftantinople, by his
Prefence to haften the fetting-out of the Fleet appointed for the Reduction
of Tripoly and the other Places belonging to the Knights of St. John. The
Chriflian Admiral, quite amazed, and more confounded at this Accident,
than if he had loft a great Battel, returned to Genoua : And, to excufe
himfelf from purfuing the Corfair, made Ufe of the honourable Pretext of
commanding in Perfon the Gallies appointed to conduct, from Italy to
Spain, the Emperor's only Son, Don Philip De Auftria, afterwards King
Philip II. of Spain. Dragut' 's Spite being principally againft the

Knights of Malta, he left no Stone unturned, in order to work their De-
ftru&ion. Such was the Opinion Sultan Suliman had of his fuperior
Capacity, that he abfolutely commanded Sinan Bajha, his Grand Admiral,
not to offer to undertake any one thing of Moment without his Concur-
rence. It was in July %'fjl* that the Ottoman Armada, to the Terror of
the whole Chriflian Part of the Mediterranean, call Anchor under Malta.
What regards Dragut Rais in that Expedition, is as follows, accurately
and, to all Appearance, impartially related by VAbbe de Fertot, to whom

the curious Reader is referred, for farther Particulars. As the Captain-

BaJJia, Sinan, after his landing on that Ifland, was, with Dragut and others,
taking a View of Caftle St. Angelo, considering its Situation on the Point
of a Rock, and the Bulwarks wherewith it is fortified, he faid angrily
to Dragut 5 U Is this the Caftle which you have reprefented to the Grand
tt Signor as fo eafy to be taken? Certainly no Eagle could have chofen a
lefs acceffiblc Rock to have built his Neft upon ! " A certain ancient
Corfair, Brother to that Heyradin " Drub-Devil we have mentioned, and
who had been formerly Proprietor of Tajora, near Tripoly, whether out
of Malice to Dragut, or Complaifanceto the Captain- Bajha, faid to Sinan $
<c Do you fee, my Lord, that Bulwark which advances out towards the
Sea,, and upon which the Chevaliers have planted the Grand Standard of
" their Order? You muft know, my Lord, that when I was a Slave at
" Malta, I helped to carry, upon my Shoulders, all the great Stones em-

u Vide Vol. I. P.

O o o 2 " pbied

4< 5g The History of Algiers.

" ploied therein. And I can allure you, that before you can be able to
" batter it down, the Winter will be upon us ; or, at leaft, what is ftill
more to be dreaded, fome powerful Succour, in Favour of the Befieged,
" will infallibly arrive." Dragnt all on Fire, and a Perfon who never
had a Notion of Fear or Dread of Danger, grew quite outrageous at
finding fuch Lukewarmnels and Indifference in that General -> and, to deter-
mine him inftantly to begin the Siege of * // Borgo> he reprefcnted to him,
" That this Town's whole Strength confided in the Caftle St. Angeh 5 and
" that in battering down the faid Fortrefs, he would take, as in a Net, the
" Grand Mafter, together with all the Chiefs of the Order, who have,
" faid he, imprudently {hut up themfelves in fo weak a Place." Sinan
was of a different Sentiment. He knew that a Place defended by the
Knights of Malta was not to be carried fo eafily. It would not be
fufficient for him to demolifh its Fortifications : He muft, likewife, deftroy
thofe intrepid Warriors even to the laft Man. So, to do nothing rafhly>
he called a Divan. The Character of this Bajba was, that in Council
no General was ever cooler and more deliberate, nor in Action none
warmer arid more vigorous. He there exhibited his Orders from the Sultan y
importing, " That he fhould not lofe too much Time at Malta y but in
" cafe he could not effect any thing of Importance expeditiously, to en-
' deavour to do what Damages he was able, and weaken the Order by
" carrying off as many of the Inhabitants as poflible j and from thence
* haften over to Tripoly, the Reduction of which Place was to be his main
u Object." Another chief Article of his Commiflion.wasj " Not toun-
' dertake any one thing of Momenp without tbe immediate and abfolute
M Concurrence of Dragut." Tho' the whole Council had the Complai-
fance for their Commander in chief, that they readily gave into all hepro-
pofed, yet Dragut, the fworn Enemy of the very Name of the Maltefe
Chevaliers, and who burned with Impatience to come to Action with
them, ftrongly oppofed what had been fo univerfally agreed on ; which was
to quit Malta, with onlydeftroying as much of it as could eailly be come
at. He firmly inGfted, <c That if they would not attempt thofe ftrong
FortrefTes, they muft at leaft attack La Citta Notabile y or Tie Notable
City : (So they call their ancient Capital, ftanding about the Middle

w The Town fo called ; which was the Court of Mafta, or the Refidence of the Convent,
(as they term the whole Body of jhe Order) before the building oi La VakttA.

The History ^Algiers. 469

c* of the Ifland) whither the Bulk of the Iflanders had retired with their
" bcft Effects } and which weak Place being garrifoned only with timo-
" rous, heartlefs Peafants, and fwarming with ufelefs Mouths, would not
" be long in reducing, if not by Force of Arms, at feaft by Famine."
Sinan Bafha finding him fo refolutely bent, was not willing to hazard the
Confequences of difobliging him, directly contrary to the exprefs Command
of a Monarch with whom there was no trifling : He therefore acquiefced,
and the City was inverted 5 but without much Succefs. At length the
Turks, by the vigorous Oppoiition they met with, and a falfe Alarm o^
Andrea D'Oria's near Approach with Succours, were obliged to abandon that
Enterprife, and the whole Ifland. But they imbarked not without leav-
ing every defenfelefs Village in a Flame, and many of the wretched, ruined
Iflanders bewailing their (lain or captivated Friends. Nor could the
Captain-Bajha withftand the Importunities of his Troops, who requefted
the Plunder of the Ifland Goza, before they proceeded to Triply. This
fmall Ifland, twenty four Mile9 in Circumference, and about three in
Breadth, lies four Miles W. N. W. of Malta, The Inhabitants, in their
native Arabic, call it Wadijh. It was then peopled with at leaft 7000 Souls 5
and had a feeble Caftle on a Hill, commanding a Town beneath. Tho*
the obftinate De Omedes had been much perfuaded to demolifh that unte-
nable Fortrefs, a and to remove the Gozans to Sicily, till the impending
Storm was blown over, yet he never would agree to fuch wholefome
Counfel. The Chevalier GaUtian de Sejfa, a great Favourite of the Grand-
Mafter, commanded there j who, when attacked, behaved with a Cowar-
dice very uncommon in a Knight of Malta. Inftead of heading the Go-
zam 9 who generoufly offered to defend the Breach, he flunk away to the
mo ft retired Part of the Caftle, which was his Palace. Indeed, the An-
fwers and Demands he fent the Turkijh Admiral, when fummoned, wer e
infolent enough, and would fcarce become a braver Officer. But Sinan
foon taught him better Manners. The firft Step towards his Difgrace,
and which was followed by a many Years Captivity, was his being forced
to aflift in conveying his own Moveables to the Gallies, upon his own
Shoulders. Of thofe unhappy Iflanders, 6300 were carried off j the reft
were all ilain, and only forty of the ancienteft and moftdecrepid were lcfc
behind by the perfidious and equivocating Sinan. Next to the Perverfe-
nefs of their unable Grand- Mailer, they owed their Misfortunes to that
unworthy Chevalier, whofe Memory ftill ftinks in the Noftrik of every

Maltefe,

470 The History of Algiers.

Maltefe. We muft not forget the Bravery of a certain anonymous Ehglijh
Gunner, who alone pointed and fired, all the Cannon that did any Execu-
tion, and while he lived gallantly defended the Place 5 but being {hot
dead, none had the Courage to fucceed one who had fet them fo noble
an Example. Nor can we well pafs by the defperate Fury of a Sicilian^
who had been feveral Years a Denifon of Goza. To avoid Captivity and
prevent his Family's Dishonour, he cruelly butchered his Wife and two
young Daughters: When, refolving not to furvive them, he fallied out
with a Fuzii and a Crofs-Bow, wherewith he difpatched two Janifaries,
and then rufhing in, Sword in Hand, amid ft the thickeft of the Enemy,
he laid about him fo to the Purpofe that before he was laid Piece-meal on
the Ground he had giievoufly wounded feveral. Dragufs Reluc-
tance at quitting Malta, while his Revenge on that Body of his moft
capital Enemies was yet fo uncomplete, was mitigated only with the footh-
ing Thought of what Tokens of his Vengeance he defigned them at Tri-
Doly. How that Place was reduced, to the utter Regret of great Part of
Chriftendont) is very particularly told by VAbbe de Vertot, to whom we
refer the Curious. Dragut bore no fmall Share in its Reduction j and his
Services were requited with the Government thereof, in Recompence for
the far more valuable Mehedia. Yet, notwithstanding the great Reputa-
tion of this feldom-fucceflefs Corfair, and the mighty Opinion Sultan Su-
liman had, not undcfervedly, conceived of his fupcrior Genius and Capacity,
his infuperable Valour, and a thoufand other rare Qualities, which ferve to
adorn a General, he could never obtain the Captain Bajhalic, or fupreme
Command of the Ottoman Fleets, as being always unluckily abfent upon
a Vacancy in that much-gaped-at Employ. However, the Sultan, in fome
Meafure to {kreen him from the odious and reproachful Name of Corfair,
gave him the Sanjiaklic, or Government of the fmall Ifland Santa Maura 5
which though a Poft of no very confiderable Note, or Profit, intitled
him one of the Porte's immediate Servants. As for I'ripoly, under Pre-
tence of Zeal for the Service and Intereft of his Sovereign, the Grand
Signor in protecting thofe Seas and Coafts from the Incurfions of the
Maltefe, &c. he confined himfelf to the bare Name of Governor of that Place,
and its then fcanty Territory : Yet, partly on Account of its Diftance
from Court, and partly thro' the Sultan's Connivance, he held it in a man-
ner wanting little or nothing of independent Propriety : Still affecting an
intire Dependance on that Monarch's Will $ as knowing his Protection

would

7he History ^Algiers. 471

would turn to good Account on all Occafions. It was by his Artifice*
not without a Tincture of Perfidy, that he prevented the total Ruin of its
crazy Fortifications. When he became Matter of it, he fpared for neither
Coft nor Labour to render defenfible, nay very tenable, a Place he had
refolved to make the Seat of his Sovereignty. To enumerate all the
Cafts of his Office he diftributed throughout the Mediterranean (for in
thofe Days the Weftern Turks feldom, if ever, offered to pafs the Streights)
would fwell a Volume. While Malta was full of Joy at the brifk

going on of the new Fortifications, and for feveral late SuccefTes of their
Cruifers, who had not only taken or deftroyed divers Corfairs, but had
brought in fome very confiderable Prizes, laden with Oriental Treafures,
a fuddain Accident turned all their Mirth into Confternation and Sorrow.
So unaccountably outrageous a Hurrican arofe, that moft of their Gal-
lies, &V. in the Port were over-turned and {nattered, fome of them pad
all Recovery, and more than 6"oo Perfons perifhed in an Inftant, among
whom were feveral Knights, and others of Importance. Of this Difaf-
tcr the Barhary Corfairs made all poflible Advantage, infulting the Ifland
at Pleafure. Dragut, in particular, thought this Occafion very opportune
to pay off old Scores, and repaired thither with feven Gallies well lined
with Land-Forces. With thefe he leaped afhore and ravaged many Vil-
lages, leading away a Multitude of Captives. But before he could get
aboard with his Booty, 300 Cavaliers, who led on Part of the Militia,
poured in upon him with fuch Refolution, that he was glad to quit Prize
and regain his Gallies, with his Numbers confiderably diminiihed. But
it is Time we haften to the Period of this dreaded Cor fair's Life. As he
thirftcd for Revenge upon Malta, it was with Joy that he haded to join
the Turkijh Armada conducted by Piali, the Captain-Bajba 9 and Muftafa
to a fecond general Attempt upon that detefted Receptacle of thegreatetl
Objects of his Hatred. As for the Force he brought with him, to aflift
in that Expedition, it was not very confiderable 5 being only 1600 Men
thirteen Gallies and two Galeots. LAbbe de Vertot fays to this Effect.

1 We have already obferved, that the Grand Signor was fo prepof-

feffed in Favour of Dragufs Valour and Capacity, that he exprefly forbad
both his Sea and Land Commanders to undertake any one thing without
his Participation. His great Merit, and more particularly his Credit in
the Seraglio, occafioned his being welcomed to the Ottoman Fleet and Camp,
at Malta, with a triple JDifcharge of the Artillery, and all other Marks

4.72, The History of Algiers?

of Deference and Diftin&ion. He no fooner got afhore, but he would needs
vifit the Intrench men ts, and all the principal Stations in the Ifland. Not-
withftanding the due Decorum he ftrictly obferved towards the Grand
Signer's Generals, he could not avoid expreffing a Diflike of their having
begun this Enterprife with the Siege of Fort St. Elmo. He infifted, that
they fhould firft have attached the Caflle of Goza, and next the Notable
City, from whence II Borgo, and Caftle *SV. Angeh were furnilhed with
Provifions. " By reducing thofe two Places, faid he, you would not
4< only have cut off the Dugs which nouriih the whole Refidue of
<* this Body, but like wife, and which is a Matter of far greater Impor-
<c tance, you would obftruct the Approach of all the expected Succours
" from other Parts of Cbrijteridom." Muftafa Bajba, though vetted with
the fupreme Dignity of General, dreading the Credit in which Dragut
was, reprefented to him , " That, in order to put the Grand Signor's
" Fleet out of Danger from Wind and Weather, as likewife from all Attempts
iC of the Enemy, he could not do otherwife than begfn with that Fort -,
i Q whofe Reduction would, he faid, open a free Paflage into Port Muzet :
<c Yet ftill, continued he, the Siege is not fo far advanced, but that it
* c may be raifed, and removed to thofe Places you fpeak of, in cafe you
" judge our fo doing to be actually requifite." c < That would not be,
<< returned Dragut, the lead prudent Method we could take, were we not
" already too far engaged in the Affair : But after the Opening of the
** Trenches, and feveral Days Attacks, we cannot raife a Siege without
* proftituting the Ottoman Emperor's Reputation-, nor, perhaps, even
a without difcouraging the Soldiery." So, fays M. VAbbe de Fertot
exprefly, he concluded to employ the whole Strength of the Army in or-
der to go through that Enterprife with Honour : Whereby it was very
evident, that it was not either a mean, felfiiri Envy, or the leaft Tincture
of that mifchievous Malice To common among Courtiers, that had any
Share in the Liberty he took to deliver his Opinion. After it had been
refolved (adds that Author) to continue the Siege of Fort St, Elmo, heem-
ploied himfelf thereat with no lefs Vigour, Courage and Afliduity than if
he was to have been refponfible for the Succefs. Scarce ever has been feen
any General-Officer fo intirely regardlefs of Danger. He pafled whole Days
either within the Trenches or at the Batteries. Amidft his feveral different
Talents and Qualifications, none underftood better the Direction of a Bat-
tery, and indeed the whole Art of Gunnery : That, as has been obferved,

being

The History of Algiers. 47$

being his original Occupation. The Place where, upon this Occafion,
he planted four of his own Culverins, ftill goes by his Name > being cal-
led Dragut's Cape, or Point. In a Word, he was the very Life of the whole
Affair j and was perpetually circumventing the Defigns of the Chrijiians 9
in all their Attempts , both by Land and Water. Fort S. Elmo was, ac
length, reduced to the laft Extremity, and, as it were, fo buried in its own
Ruins, that even the Owners judged it utterly untenable againft another
general Aflault. Its holding out hitherto had been wholly owing to the
indefatigable Vigilance of the brave De la, Valette^ the worthy Grand-
Mafter, and the infuperably heroic Valour of the Cavaliers, and fuch
as fought under their Banners. Tho' the Place was fmall,and confequently
incapable of containing a large Garrifon,and was now defended only by the
naked Bodies of thofe Warriors, which ferved inftead of Bulwarks $ yet,
Experience had taught Muftafa Bajha, that, while the Communication
between the Town and S.Elmo was held open, the Remainder of his Army
would, by Degrees, meet the Fate of their Fellows. With this View,
the Bajha, being in the Trench, called Dragut, a certain Sanjiak, and his
chief Ingenier, in order to confult with them what Meafures were to be
taken. Dragut, fays VAbbe de Fertot, whether agitated by his natural
Intrepidity, or, like an old Soldier, Danger was become habitual to him
on Account of the many he had been in, being advanced without the In-
trenchment, to look about him and difcover the Difpofition of the Ground
was inftantly taken on the right Side of the Head, near his Ear, by Part
of a Stone, fhattered by a great Shot from Caftle S AngeU; another Shat-
ter of which killed the abovefaid Sanjiack upon the Spot. Nor was Dra-
gut in a much better Condition. He lay extended on the Ground, quite
fenfelefs, the Blood dreaming from his Mouth, Nofe and Ears. To pre-
vent the Soldiery from the Shock fo difcouraging an Objec~b would cer-
tainly have given them, Muftafa Bajha immediately ran out and threw a
Carpet over him 5 and then caufed him to be carried to his Tent, where
all poffible Care was taken of him 5 and they even began to conceive
fome Hopes of his Recovery. The perfevering Muftafa^ refolving to have that
Fort, carried it at laft, after the moll: obftinate Refiftance that, perhaps, was
ever recorded. He got it not till the very laft Knight droped in the Breach,
nor till he had loft, by Computation, complete 8000 of the Flower of his
Army. When he entered, obferving how fmall a Fort it was, he could
Vol. II. Ppp not

474 The History of Algiers.

not forbear crying out } " What will not the * Father do to us, fince this
" his puny Son cofts us the braveft of our Troops ! " Dtagut furvived not
the Reduction of that Fort many Moments: For fome of his Officers,
running to his Tent to carry him the News, found him juft upon his
Departure. Tho' he had loft his Speech, he feemed eager to know the
Event : And when they acquainted him with the Succefs, he failed not to
expreG his Joy and Satisfaction by feveral exterior Tokens and Geftures :
When lifting up his Eyes towards Heaven, as if in Thankfgiving for
fuch welcome Tydings, he initantly expired. " A Captain, fays

" LAbbe de Vertot, of lingular Worth and Valour, and even abundantly
" more humane than Corfairs generally are."- As to the reft, we may

venture to allow him to have been a brave Man, and in few Refpe&s, if
in any at all, inferior to either of the Barba-roj/as. We have dwelled the
longer on the Subject, on Account of the notable Figure he once made
as an Algerine. As Haedo fays little concerning him, we know nothing
either of the Family he had, or of his perfonal Defcription. Hajjan
Bajha of Algiers (whofe Life we were writing before this Digreflion) ar-
rived not, it feems, at Malta till after the Demife of Dragut: So that
Haedo, inftead of faying, that the Algerines loft half their Troops at the
Attacks of Fort S. Elmo, ftiould have faid at thofe of Fort S. Michael.

A. D. if 67. From Otlober if 6f. when Hajari Bajha returned to Al-
giers from J Malta, till the Beginning of this Year, he enjoyed his Repofc
at Home j little of Moment occurring in thofe Parts during that Interval.
In February arrived eight Levant Gailies at T'emendefuft (corruptly called
Metafuz) from one of which the Signal Gun being fired (as ufual in thofe
Days, when any Order came from the Sultan) the Bajha difpatched a
Brigantine to learn the Bufinefs. Word being foon brought him, that
thofe Gailies were the Convoy to Mahamed Bajha, Son to the late famous
Salba Rats, fent by the Grand Signer as his Succeflbr, he immediately e-
vacuated the Palace, contrary to Cuftom j as being almoft certain, that he
muft now bid Adieu to his dear Algiers, for ever. And accordingly, he
made all poflible Expedition for his Departure. He frankly made over to
the new B ijba, and his Succeflbrs, in perpetuum, the Propriety of the fine
Bagnio he built at Algiers 5 befides which he left the Public a great Num-

x Me ning the Cattle 5. Angek, or, perhaps, the Town, named 11 Borgo.
I Look bick to P. 438.

ber

The Histort ^/Algiers. 471

ber of ChriftiatiS) his own Slaves, among whom were many good Artifts in
feveral ufeful Faculties : All which was his free Gift. He likewife left
behind him the King of Cucco's Daughter, hisSpoufe, together with the
young Son fhe bore him } which Lady, and her Son, lived at Algiers,
many Years after this, in great Honour and Reputation. Hajfan Bajha
died at Conflantinopk in 1^70, after a peaceable Enjoyment of his great
Wealth, and was interred under the fame Dome with his Father, the re-
nowned Heyradin Barba-rojfa. When Hajfan Bajha took this his final Leave
of Algiers, where he had governed fince September I5"6*2, he was in his fifty
firft Year. He was middlc-fized and very corpulent j infomuch that he
ufed many unfuccefsful Endeavours to bring down his Fat. His Complex-
ion was extremely clear, his Eyes large, with Beard and Eye-brows Jet-
black, but, like his Father's, very thick and buftiy. He had a molt
graceful and agreeable Lifp with his Tongue, and fpoke divers Languages
to great Perfection, more particularly the Spanifb, in which he was not to be
diftinguifhed from a natural Spaniard. He was of a mo ft generous and
courteous Difpolition, and always inclined to advance his Donieftics ; In-
fomuch, adds Haedo my Author, that moll; of the principal Al-Caids, as
well Renegadoes as others, owe their Fortunes to his Bounty j as having been
his Servants. Befides that Son he had by the King of Cucco's Daugh-
ter, he had another much elder, named Mahamed Bey, by a beautiful Re-
negada of Corjtca, This young Gentleman, prefently after the Death of
Dragut Rais 2 , efpoufed that great Man's only Daughter and Heirefs. And,
in if 71, when Don Juan de Auftria attacked Navarin, in the Morea, this
Mahamed Bey, as he was making off, in a large Galley of his own, was pur-
fued, overtaken and intercepted by the Marquifs De Santa Cruz, General
of the Neapolitan Gallics : And as, on Account of his cruel Difpofition,
he was mortally detelied by all his Slaves, juft as they found the Marquis
was ready to clap them on board, thy fell upon that their Tyrant, and had
actually torn him Piece-meal before the Captors could poflibly prevent fuch
a Piece of Inhumanity. As it no where appears that he left any IfTue, we
may prefume that, in him, the Family of the Barba-rojJ'as became extinct.
- Among F. Haedo's Martyrs are to be met with many notable, in-
tervening Occurrences, the which (at lead large Extracts of them) we, on
fecond Thoughts, referve for another Pkce, where they may be introduced

z Either Haedo, who fays this, or VAbbe de Vertot, who gives it a quite different Turn, muft
l>i in the wrong. Look back to P. 432.

Pp p z apart:

4 7 <s The History of Algiers.

apart : A Method refolved on purely to avoid a too great Interruption, or,
as we may fay, Intanglement of the Thread of our Hiftory.

8f!S5!3K9S

CHAP. XII.

Basha XV, XVI. Mahamed Basha, Son of Sal-
ha Rais. A li Basha, Fart as, vulgarly

called Ochali: A Renegado of Calabria.

An. Bom. ig 6*7.

ON Account of his Father's Merit, and his own good Character,
Mahamed Bajha was very well received at Algiers. He found the
Country labouring under great Scarcity of Bread J yet, by his prudent
Management, Matters went better than could be expected. He was re-
markable for his Uriel: Juftice, whereby he freed the Roads from the Swarms
of Robbers, who ufed grievoufly to infeft thofe Quarters. For fome Time
after his Acccffion, fcarce a Day pafled without fome Execution. One
Morning as he was looking from the Turret of his Palace, perceiving
the Wall, over which the Malefactors ufed to hang, to be quite empty,
he faid to thofe with him, " What is the Meaning of this ! Has not my
*' Wall yet Breakfafted ? " Being told, that none had been convicted j and
that there was but one poor Wretch in the Prifon s he inftandy ordered him
for Execution. However, this Rigour had the defired Effect. He was
a great Lover of Dogs and Hawks, and bred many, with which he ufed
to hunt in the Neighbourhood of Algiers-, in which Particular few of the
Algerine Turks are much to be noted j tho' they are great Shooters. The
only Expedition he made abroad was to quell an Infurrection at Coftantina,
the Capital City of the Eaftern Province. The Turkijb Governor having
attempted to force away a young Damfel from her Parents, the People
rofe and expelled the Garrifon * fome of the Turks being killed in the
Scuffle. He entered the City as an Enemy, and all the Inhabitants that

came

The History <?/Algiers. 477

came into his Hands were fold as Slaves to fuch as would purchafe. This
Proceeding afterwards coft him his Government, as will appear anon. Tho'
this brilk Bajha had not any farther Occafion of exercifing his martial
Genius, yet he may be termed one of thofe to whom the Algerines are
mod obliged j and had he continued longer among them, their Obligati-
ons to him would, very probably, have been ftill greater. It was he who
reconciled the a Janifaries and Levants, effectually incorporating thofe
two ever-jarring Bodies. .He was, likewife, the firft Bajha who feemed
cordially difpofed to render Algiers impregnable. The Caille, on a Hill,
about foo Paces from the Al-Cafabba, or Citadel, in the uppermoft and
mod Southern Part of the City, as maybe farther explained in the Topo-
graphy, goes by his Name, as being intirely his own Work : The Buil-
der was a Sicilian Renegade), who had been an Ingenier at the Goletta.
His Administration had like to have been remarkably unfortunate to the Al-
gerines, by the total Deftruction of all their Cruifers. The Affair was this :
A bold and expert Mariner, a moft excellent Pilot, whofe Name

was Juan Gafcon, and whofe Abode was near Valencia, in Spain, at afmall
maritime Place called ]Q Qarao, defirous of Honour and Recompence, re-
paired to his Catholic Mfcjefty Philip II, alluring him, that he would un-
dertake to fire every one of the Algerine Coriairs in their Port. This
Offer was well relifhed by King and Council : And the Vice-Roy of Va-
lencia had Orders to furnifh this Adventurer with whatever he fhould re-
quire } which confifled of no greater a Force than two Brigantines, one
of fourteen, the other of fifteen Banks-. Thefe are a fmaller Sort of Ga-
leots. With thefe Brigantines, in excellent Order, manned with flout
Rowers and other ufeful Hands, all of his own chufing, together with
good Store of Fire- Works , the adventurous Valencian fet out on his
daring Enterprife. He had rightly judged his Time, which was early in
October, when, generally, the Weather thereabouts begins to grow flor-
my. His laft fetting out was from Mayor ca, the Vice- Roy of which Ii-
land had, alfo, Orders to aflift him in whatever he fhould demand. The
Seafon of the Year, not very fit for Gallies to be at Sea, added to the
general CefTation of Complaints, for feveral Days paft, flrongly confirmed
this Adventurer in his Opinion, that he fhould catch them all napping :
Yet he was defirous of ocular Demonstration 5 and ventured near enough

Look back to P. 387;

even

478 The History of Algiers.

.even at noon Day, to difcover the Port crouded with Gallies, Galeots and
Brigantines, molt of them unrigged. This he might do without much
Danger of being diftinguifhed, at that Diftance, in thofefnug Boats, with
their Sails furled. Having made it fo much his BuGnefs to inform himfeif
of the State and Nature of that Port, he fo contrived it, that juft about
Mid-Night, when it might be fuppofed that thofe Moors, who are quar-
tered here and there at the Marine, and on board the Veflels, were in
their firft Sleep (for they are none of the ftri&eft People in their Difci-
pline) he arrived at the Foot of the Mole-Head, where now ftands the
Caftle of the Fanar, or Lantern. Every thing fell out as he could havedefi-
red, they being all in fo deep a Sleep, even the Dogs, that his Men had
Time and Opportunity to get even on board all the VefTels, where they
began amain to apply their Fire -Works. But they who mixed up
thoie Compofitions certainly deferred as bad a Treatment as poor Juan
Gafcon afterwards met with j for they could not poflibly make them take
any EfFe6c.* Juan Gafcon ( while his People were following his Di.
lections, to the utmoll of their Power, though fo very unfuccefs fully)
would needs put in Practice a ufelefs yet perilous Bravado. Nothing would
ferve him, but (in order to give the Algerines fome farther Caufe to talk
of and remember him) he would go up to Bsb-al-Zeira, or the City Gate
leading to the Mole, and there leave his Poniard flicking. In the great
Baftion juft over that Gate, there is a conftant Garrifon of Turks; who
are not fo very remifs. However, he was refolved : And he had the
Boldnefs to knock thrice very hard with the Pommel, and then to leave
it there fad flicking, as he intended. Tho' he had the good Fortune not
to be efpied by any of the Turks, while he was fo braving them, under
their very Nofes, his Aflbciates could not fo filcntly or imperceptibly buftlc
about in their fruitlefs Endeavours, but that they rouzed fome of thofe
droufy Guards ; Thefe inftantly began amain to bawl out to the reft $ who
anfwering from all Quarters, the Uproar was fo Threat, that it foon alarm-
ed the Turks polled in the adjacent Baftions. Juan Gafcon, to his utter
Mortification, finding the Alarm given before his Project had taken the
leaft Effect, he pofted away from the Gate, where he had been employ-
ing himfeif as above-hinted, and encouraged his Men to beftir themfelvcs
to fome better Purpofe. But all the Endeavours they could poflibly put
in Practice proved wholly ineffectual. This ftrange Deliverance feveral of
the moft credulous among the Africans^ 6cc, fail not to attribute to the

z efficacious

7 he History ^/Algiers. 479

efficacious Protection of b Sidi Oulededda, who flood their Friend fo power-
fully in if 41. At length, with Anguifh of Mind, perceiving nothing would
avail, and that the Place would foon be too hot to hold them, this daring Va*
Uncian called all his People about him: And finding the Moon were got to-
gether and approaching to attack them, he drew his Sword and charged
the preffing Guards ; when having brought down one of the foremofl,
he retreated to his Brigantines, which prefently put off from the Shore,
rowing away with all Speed to avoid worfe Confequences. Nor did thofe
fucceflels Adventurers abate their ftrenuous Rowing till towards Noon,
the next Dayj when being got about twenty Leagues on their Way to
Valencia, they imagined themfelves paft all Danger, and lay-by upon their
Oars to take fome Hours Refpite. Their Conductor, being quite fcanda-
lized at this unaccountable Mil carriage, and, full of Shame and Refent-
ment, began to feel the Pulfes.of his Equipages j whether they would
bear him Company, in cafe he would determine upon another Attempt j
which, he intimated, he was ftrongly inclined to undertake, in a few Days.
While the Matter was canvaffing, they efpied a Galeot making toward s
them, with the utmoft Fury and Diligence of Oars and Sails. As they
readily guefTed right at the Affair, they began to ply their Oars as vigo-
roufly as they had done before : And better would it have been for fome
of them, more efpecially their Principal, if, inftead of flaying there to
debate, they had done fo fomewhat fooner. The Cafe flood thus. *

Tho' at that unfeafonable Time of the Night, certain of the Bajha's Of-
ficers immediately repaired to the Palace 5 informing him of all that had
happened. Without Delay, he fent for four" Captains, whofe Galeots were
not quite unrigged, ordering them flrictly to get ready that very Moment,
and with all poflible Expedition to purfue thofe Briagntines, taking each
a different Courfe j forbidding them, under the fevereft Penalties ever to
prefume to appear in his Prefence, without bringing him fome fatisfactory
Account of at leafl one of them. Well provided with the very beft
Rowers in all Algiers, and as much Sail as they could pofllbly croud on,
they were at Sea in an Inftant ; each taking a contrary Way. The Cap-
tain who bent his Courfe North, was a Rem gad '0 Greek, named Delli Rais;
and, on Account of his Lamenefs, furnamed Top&l. It was his Galeot
the Valencians efpied -, and notwithstanding the Speed they made, they

I Vide Vo\.I. P. ^

too-

48o The History of Algiers.

too foon perceived how much the Galeot gained upon their lefs-nimble
Brigantincs : c For the Galeot, fays Hatch my Author, glided along like
a Fiih." This furious Chafe held for at leaft eighty Miles : When
Juan Gafcon's own Brigantine, being fomewhat a-ftern of its better-heel-
ed Confort, was overtaken, and prefently forced to a Surrendry. Refinance
would have been vain, againft fuch difproponionate Odds j yet feveral of
the Chriflians were wounded with the firft Volley fent among them by
their^ Attackers. The other luckily got clear away during that fhort
Scuffle. However, the Turks were extremely well fatisfied with what
they had got \ but abundantly more fo when, by fome of their new Cap-
tives, they were informed that Juan Gafcon, the Captain and Contriver
of all, was in their Pofleflion: A Perfon they rightly judged would be a
moil welcome Gueft to Mahamed Bajha, and many others, whom they
liad left in a no fmall Surprifc at theBoldnefs of his Attempt. Oftobsr 14,
157S7, in the Morning, they prefented him, together with the reft of his
Fellow- Prifoners, to the expecting Bajlm. This Vice-Roy being defirous
of making a notable Example of one who durft imbark in fuch an Affair,
he immediately ordered a c Gibbet to be erected at the very Place where
he landed, and that he (hould be there hung on the Hook, by one Heel,
and in that infufferable Torture remain till he expired: In order, as he
faid, to deter the Chriflians from ever attempting any thing of a like Na-
ture. This Sentence was well relifhed by many of the By-Standers, who
failed not to aggravate the Infolence of the Undertaking : " Which he
* c carried, faid they, to fuch a Pitch, that, not fatisfied with firing our
ce Veflels in the Port, under our Nofes, he mult needs brave us at our
* c very Gate where he. left us his Poniard, as a Token, that he fixed it
" there merely becaufe he could not flick it in our Hearts > all which,
tho* he would deny, is confirmed by his own Companions." So the cruel
Sentence was forthwith put in Execution : And as a farther Token of the
Bajha's Wrath, King Philip's Patent, or Commiffion, was hung up with him*
fattened to one of his Toes. Having continued in that Anguifh, tho' very
patiently, for about an Hour, he was taken down and conveyed to the Beylic-
Bagnioy where the public Slaves are (hut up, upon the following Motives
As there is feldom, among the Turks and other Mahometans, a Moment's In-
terval between Sentence and Execution, our Bajha's Minifters of Juftice

* Look back to P. 391 . where the Nature of that inhuman Invention is amply defcribed.

1 had

The History ^Algiers, mi

had got the condemned Criminal upon the Hook, before any, ex-
cept fuch as chanced to be prefent, knew directly what was to be his
Fate. But when thofe who daily ufed the Sea, found how the Matter
had been determined, upon a general Confutation, the Chjefs of them
immediately repaired to the Palace, expreffing to the Bajha. an utter
Diflike of thefe his violent Proceedings. Of all thofe Corfairs, none
ftickled fo vigorously as did Delli Rats, Fopdl, the Greek Renegado-Cap-
tain who brought in the Brigantine. Among other Arguments, in all
which the reft failed not to back him, he reprefented to the Bo/ha, That,
" among War-faring Men, nothing was more common than to ufe ones
" utmoft Endeavours, as well by Stratagem as Force, to do an Enemy
" all poffible Damage > on all which Accounts the Actors ought not to
c have inflicted on them any particular and extraordinary Chaftifement.
" Do not we, continued he, daily and hourly do the like, whenever it
<c is in our Power ? In ihort, my Lord, it behoves you not to fet the
u Cbrifiians fuch Examples j left they retort them upon us, if it be our
" Chance to fail into their Hands." In this and fuch-like Reafonings he
perfifted fo firmly, that, tho* againft his Inclination, Mahamed Bajha was
obliged to fufFer the Corfairs to act as they pleafed. Delli Rais, follow-
ed by all who had accompanied him to the Palace, and by many others
who approved of what he was about, limped away, as faft as his lame
Leg would permit, and arriving at the Place of Execution, he inftantly
caufed the Sufferer to be unhooked, to the great Satisfaction of many, and
the Difguft of many others. At the Bagnio, he was much reforted to, as
a Spectacle, by People of all Sorts and Perfuafions, as well Enemies as
Friends } and feveralof the Chriftians his Fellow-Captives, and particularly
a Spanijb Surgeon, took great Care of his Recovery : But it was not his For-
tune to come off at fo cheap a Rate. Two Days after, certain Morifcoes,
or Spanijb Moors, having efcaped thither from Spain (as fome of them
were almoft daily doing in thofe Days, the Inquifition then perfecuting
thofe People with the utmoft Violence) informed the Bajha (whether
truly, or out of a Spirit of pure Mifchief and Revenge) that it was the
univerfal Notion and Difcourfe of the Chriftians of thofe Parts from whence
they juft came, " That the Algerines durft not hurt a Hair of Juan Gap*
u con's Beard, left the Spanijb Armada fhould blow their Town to the
" Bottom of the Sea." With more fuch-like Rhodomantades. The Bajha*
too readily fwallowing thefe malicious Infinuations, and wanting not Inftiga-
yot. II. QLq q tors

4*2, The History ^Algiers.

tors at his Elbow, in a terrible Fury commanded his Satellites to return
the unhappy Vakncian to the Torture from which he hath fo lately
been taken, and feemingly delivered. Enough were at Hand to fly upon
fuch Errands j even had not the Tyrant's Orders been fo pofitive and
exprefs, or his Power fo defpotic. Refolving to make fure Work of ir,
and rather extenuate this Offenders Torments than hazard a fecond ef-
fectual Interceffion in his Behalf, inftead of fixing him purpoiely on the
Hoofc fo as he might feel hirafelf die, as was before pra&ifed, they hoifted
him up by a Pulley, and let him fall, from aloft, upon the menacing
Cbiagan, or Hook, which (fortunately for him under that deplorable Cir-
cumftance) took him in the Belly 5 by which mortal Stroke he was in-
flantly put out of Pain j fince, without uttering a Word, or even a Groan,
he forthwith expired. Nor (lopped the Bajba's Fury there : For he ab-
folutely forbad any to offer to remove the Body j but it remained in ter-
rorem, many Days; till, being partly wafted, fome Cbrifiian Slaves ven-
tured to Ileal away the Remnants, which they privately buried, in the
Chrifiians Burial-Place, without the Weftern Gate, called Beb-al-Weyd.
The unfortunate Juan Gafcon is one of F. Haedo\ Martyrs.

More to give a Tafte of the vindictive Spirit of the perfecuted Mo-
tifcoes (whom, all things confidered, were not fo vehemently to be blamed
for it) than for any other Reafon, we will take Notice of another of
this Author's Martyrs, whole Tragedy was acted under this Bajba\ Ad-
miniftration. But thole Spanijh Moors have been long fince reftrained,
by the furks, from putting, fo openly, in Practice the Dictates of their
implacable Difpofition towards the whole Spanijb Nation, more particu-
larly the Ecclefiaftics, their mod zealous Perfecutors : The Turks of
Algiers, efpecially of late Years, thinking it not lb reafonable, that the
Innocent fhould fuffer for the Guilty. The Story runs thus.

Early in Augufl, if68. a Frigate, or Brigantine, belonging to Sherfiel,
going out upon the Cruife, put aihore in the Bay of Almeria, and brought
off feveral Chrifiians, and among them a flout Soldier, an Inhabitant of
that City, named Juan de Molina. It has been obferved, d that thofe of
Sberjhel are generally natural Morifcoes. In a very few Days the Frigata
returned home, with what Booty thofe Adventurers had made and, as
ufual, was foon vifited by fuch as were led by their Curiofity. Upon In-
.. - . ' . " "

Fide Vol. I. in the Life of the Barfa-rojfas.

quhy,

The History ^/Algiers. 4$j

quiry, from what Part of the Spanijb Coaft thofe new Captives were
brought, a certain Morifco of Sberjbel, among the reft, hearing that Juan
de Molina was boch a Native and Inhabitant of Almeria, alked him, if he
could tell him directly what was become of a near Relation: of his, who
was made Slave, about three Years before, by the Patrolling Guards of
Almeria-, naming and defcribing the Perfon. The Story of that Moor
was this. He was a Native of Granada, and, having efcaped from the
Tyranny of the Inquifitors, fettled at Shetjbth as many others of his Re-
latives and Compatriots had done. e As the Morifcoes had no very great
Reafon to bear the Spaniards any very extraordinary good Will, they con-
tinually conducted the Barbary Corfairs to the Spanijb Coafts, with which,
as Natives, they were fo well acquainted, carrying off the Contents of
whole Villages. Upon fuch an Errand, in a Brigantine of Sherjbel, went
the Moor in Qyeftion 5 and, landing, with a few others, at Cape De
Gata, eleven or twelve Miles from Almeria, they lay lurking in a much-
frequented Road, in hopes of furprifing unwary Paflengers. A Party of
Guards, from that City, being there polled purpofcly, they were all taken
except two, who, by their Agility, regained the Brigantine. This Juan
de Molina was one of thofe Soldiers : And, upon being fo interrogated,
unadvifedly told the Inquirer, " That he knew the Perfon he mentioned
" very well; having been himfelf one of thofe who took him Prifoner.
" That, being conducted by them to Almeria, he was prefently known
" by many Chrifiians and Morifcoes of that Place, who had Dealings with
< c him in Granada, before his Flight to Barbary, which was about fix
" Years fince. Of this the Corrigidor having Information, he fent for
'* him ; and, upon Examination, it appeared, that he, one Night, mur-
" dered his Wife, by whom he had Children, on Account of lome Suf-
" picion he had conceived of her Conduct, and after the Fact made his
" Efcape. He was thereupon (added the too loquacious Spaniard,) fent
" away in Irons to Granada, where the Crime being plainly proved
" againft him, by his Profecutors, the poor butchered Woman's Relati-
" ons, he was fentenced to the Gibbet, and accordingly executed: Tho',
u (continued he, ftill more inconfideratcly) he deferved a different Sort
" of Death, for having Apoftatized from the Holy Cbriftian Faith, and

...

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Read the Cafe of the Mori/cots, or Spavlf,) Moors, in my Mabinetifv; Explained,
Vol. II.

Q^q q 2 " a&ing

484 W* History of Algiers.

" a&ing as a Spy and a Guide to the Barbary Pyrates. " [Wife Dif-
courfes for one in his Circumftances !] This fired the whole Audience of
Sherjbelians ; more particularly the Relatives and Intimates of the faid
Defunct, whofe Numbers were then considerably increafed. The Rela-
tion ftruck them to the Heart j nor could they look on the imprudent
Relater as any other than a principal Agent in their Friend's Misfortune :
And accordingly they meditated Revenge 5 but dhTembled for the prefent.
After a few Hours Continuance at Sberjbel, the Brigantine fet out for
Algiers, about twenty Leagues to the Eaft, in order there to difpofe of
the new Slaves. Thither, alfo, repaired two of thofe Morifcoes, by
Land * with a View of putting in Execution their already-concerted De-
figns, which, at their Arrival at that Capital, they failed not communi-
cating to the Morifcoes there fojourning; among whom, as mortal Ha-
ters of all Cbrijlians, efpecially the Spaniards, they met with all the En-
couragement could be defired. Accofting the Rats, or Captain of the
Brigantine, they agreed with him for the Price of Juan de Molina, and,
giving Earned, took him away to the Houfe of a certain Tagarine, or
Morifco of Algiers, where they fhut him up, loaded with Chains, not
permitting him the Sight of any Cbriftian. Next Morning, about a
Dozen of their Chiefs, taking with them the two Sherjbelians, went to
the Bajba, to whom they related the Cafe, with the following Aggrava-
tions: " That the Morifcoes of Spain were fo tyrannically treated, that
<c they were not only forcibly compelled to turn Cbriftians, but if any
<c of thofe forced Profclytes, for his Soul's Safety, endeavoured to efcape
" to a Mujfulman Country, in order to profefs his Creed in Security, if
< c caught, they put him to the crueleft Death, as had lately been the
" Fate of an innocent Perfon, a Kinfman of thofe two worthy Sberjbe-
<c Hans, whom they had executed moft barbaroufly at Granada, to deter
" others of that perfecuted Nation from the like Attempts. " So well
they knew how to tell their Story, and to reprefent Matters in fuch
Colours, that Mabamed Bajba feemed greatly incenfed j which was juft
what the mifchievous Moors aimed at. Then their Spokefman purfuecf
the Point, in fuch Terms : " Your Excellency mull farther know, that
*' a Brigantine of Sberjbel, juft come from Cruife, has brought a Spa"
" niard, who confeffes himfelf to have been actually at the apprehending
" of the faid innocent Man, and that he was the chief Inftrument of his
Death : We therefore fupplicate your Highnefs's Permiffion, in order

4 fc to

7he History <?f Algiers 485

tc to terrify the Chriflians from fuch Barbarities, that we may revenge
" that our Friend's Blood by burning alive this his Murderer, according to
" his Demerits. " In the Difpofition Mahamed Bajha then was, and who
took all for granted, he needed not much farther Intreaty : So he told
them, they were at Liberty to do as they judged requifite j and they de-
parted well fatisfied. The Mobility of Algiers are like thofe of other
Parts of the World j generally fpeaking, Lovers of Mifchief. One can-
not better defcribe the Motion that whole Town is in, at the burn-
ing, or otherwife executing a Chrijiian, or a Jew, than by comparing it
to the Hubbub we here fee on Execution- Days, or what is to be feen in>
Spain and Portugal, at the Autos de Fe, or the Goal- Delivery of the /-
quifition, when thofe pious Fathers deliver up to the Secular Arm their
Convict Heretics, to be Roajied alive 5 for it cannot be called Burning -
Yet thofe Hypocrites, with Tears, fupplicate the Judges to treat them
mercifully. As for thofe zealous Morifcoes, who were fo bent upon re-
venging their Kinfman's Blood upon this partly innocent, yet intirely in-
difcreet Spaniard, they were not altogether fo blinded with their Zeal for
the Prophet's Caufe (as they call thofe Affairs) or with Defire of Venge-
ance, but that their Eyes were open enough to their Intereft. So they
concluded not to make immediate Ufe of the Licenfe granted them by
the Bajha\ but, in order to. keep as much of their Money in their Purfes
as poflible, to raife what Contributions they could from well-difpofed
People : Otherwife their Paftime was likely to prove fomewhat expen-
five. The Method they took to re-imburfe themfelves, was this. On
the fucceeding Friday, which is well known to be the Mahometan Sab-
lath, the intended Victim was brought forth, as in Proceflion, his Mouth
gagged and Hands bound behind. Before him marched four grave Perfonages,
Morifcoes, with Dimes in their Hands, and behind him feveral others, as
Guards : Nor wanted they numerous Attendants. In this folemn Order, they
repaired to the Mofques, juft at the Conclusion of Mid-Day Service, begging
Alms of the feveral Congregations, as they came out : The Words ufed in
this their pious Employment, were* " For God's Sake, beftow fomething
" towards purchafing this Dog of a Cbriftian, whom we are going to .
" burn alive." And, the farther to excite their Charity, they failed not
to reprefent the poor deftined Sacrifice as a moll: inhuman Murderer, who
had imbrued his impious Hands in the innocent Blood of one of their
Brethren, whole only Crime was the having endeavoured to make his EC

cape

4$6 The History of Algiers.

cape thither, with the View of ferving God and the Prophet unmoleft-
cd : AH which the unhappy Wretch had the Mortification to hear (for
the Morifcoes then all talked Spanijh among themfclves ; as they ftill do in
feverai fmall Towns, in the Kingdom of Tunis, where they co-habit un-
mixed) without being able tojuftify himfelf, by Reafon of the Gag
Here, and indeed all over, F. Hatdo preaches very fervently over his
Martyr > which is not fo much to our Purpofe. The poor Man's Cafe
was, in Reality, very lamentable : But the Spaniards fhould not have fct
fuch Examples. Whether the Sberjbettans Avarice was greater than the
Charity of the Algerines, is not declared ; but certain it is, that poor
Juan de Molina was fo led in Proceffion for feverai Days, and underwent
unfpcakable Indignities and Infults from the infolent Populace : And his
Conductors fcrupled not to complain of the Peoples Want of true Zeal
for the Caufe * u Since they had walked many a weary Step before they
u could collect much more than would pay for the Wood, which was
u to be emploied in burning that Infidel. " [Tho* upon fome fuch

Occafions, particularly if it is a Jew who is to undergo the fiery Trial,
I my felf have feen the Houfe- Keepers, Women efpecially, moft offici-
oufly throwing out their Billets, upon the firft Call of " Oud Lillab / '*
i. e. c A Stick of Wood, for the Lord's Sake! "]

My Author here again preaches very much. He, likewife, affirms fome
Kenegadoes to have fignalized their Zeal in this Affair, in order to be

thought well of. Likely enough. Auguft 20. The Directors of this

Tragedy having now got all they could, they determined this Day to feaft
their Spectator's Eyes with the Sacrifice for which they were impatiently
waiting : And, indeed, the Cafe had been fo villanoufly and malicioufly
reprefented, that the miferable Spaniard (who, for his once having fpoken
too freely, was now denied even to fpeak a Syllable in his own Juftifica-
tion) met with very Pity. A prodigious Quantity of Wood having been
conveyed to the Marine, near the Cattle of the Fanar, or Lantern, upon
the fmall Itiand which now forms the Head of the Mole,) and laid in
Order, the Victim was conducted thither, about three in the After- Noon >
followed by a vaft Concourfe of People. To cut fliort (for Haedo makes
a very long Story of it) being tied Hands and Feet with a flrong new
Cord, he was hoifted up by fix luffy Moors, and caft violently, with all
his Cloathson, from above, into the raging Pile, which infiantly put an
End to his Sufferings. The Fire continued burning great Part of the
1 Night,

The History of Algiers. ' 4*7

Night, and fo confumed this Martyr, that my Author feems 'dubious,
whether the Chriftians could get any of his Relicts.

This Relation may ferve to give an Idea of the State of Affairs between
the Morifcoes of thofe Times, and their Perfecutors the Spaniards ; as,
likewife, of fome Part of the Difpofition of this Bajha. About forty
two Years after happened the general Expulfion of thofe Spanijh Moors 9
concerning which memorable Revolution, fo evidently pernicious to
Spain, I have treated fomewhat particularly in my Mahometifm Explained,
Vol. II. Barbary ftill fwarms with their Off-fpring, as may be farther
obferved, who ftill remember the Injuries done to their Fore-Fathers, and
fail not to retort them, as Occafion offers. But, as has been faid, none
of thefe public Executions are now allowed of by the Turks. Yet, the
Spanijh Slaves greatly dread falling into the Hands of a Tagarine, or Mo-
rifco Patron $ they being, generally, the worft Mailers they can have, on
Account of thofe old Grudges : And, in particular, Woe to the Prieft,
Monk or Frier, whofe unpropitious Stars happen to throw him into their
avenging Clutches. For, tho' few of thofe Dealers in Human Flefh love
their Money fo little as to touch the Lives of their Slaves, who are ge-
nerally the main Bulk of their Eftates, yet a Spanijh Ecclefiaftic needs no-
farther Purgatory, for the Expiation of his Back- Hidings, than once to
have entered a Fagarine's Dungeon* Not that this Rule is fo very general,
as to be wholly exceptionlefs 5 fome of the Morifcoes treating their Captives
tolerably. But the fevered Part of this unhappy Spaniard's Martyrdom mud
needs have been that unaccountable Proceffioning him, amidft Throngs
of execrating Perfecutors, mod of whom feemed to take a Pleafure in
contributing their Mites towards fending him out of the World, in the
crueleft Manner they could invent (for fo he might juftly have fuggefted)
with the deteftable Character of a Murderer 5 and all this with the great-
eft Formality, and as a Deed moll: meritorious. For, as to his ultimate
Sufferings, he certainly came off" abundantly better than fome other Spa-
niards, chiefly Priefts, had done upon fuch like Occalions, according to
this and other Spanijh Writers j who were actually roafted alive, in the
following Inquifition-\'\kc Manner. Viz. The Anchor of a Galley, with-
out the traverfe Timber, being fo fixed in the Ground, with the Flooks
downward, that the erect Body of it formed an Iron Stake : The Convict
was faftened thereto by a Chain round his Middle j but at fuch Diftance,
that he might walk round the Stake as he pleafed. With a Circle of

Few el,

4S$ * The History 0/ Algiers.

Fcwel, moftly green Wood, feven, eight, nine, or more Feet in Diame-
ter, ready laid to be fet on a Blaze, the deftined Victim flood furrounded.
Nor did thofe exquifite Torturers, the Morifcoes (for thefe were always
their Doings) omit previoufly either to wet his Garments fufficiently, in or-
der to prolong his Sufferings, or to place Pitchers ^fiill of Water within
his Reach for him to afluage the raging Thirft he was foon to un-
dergo. Thus I have been aflured they formerly ferved certain Eccle-
fiaftics, and others, whom they had purpofely fpirited away out of Spain,
as knowing them to be Spies and Informers to the Inquifitors, and have
caufed them to be many Hours under that languishing and diabolical
Manner of feeling themfelves die, as we may fay, by Inches. Thofc
odious Vermin are but too numerous throughout Spain and Portugal, where
they are known by the Name of Familiares. If any thing can render
the Morifcoes excufable in acting with fuch more than favage Barbarity, ic
\s the Plea they had always in their Mouths, that they did it only in ter-
rorem, and by Way of Retaliation. But to have done with this Shock-
ing Theme, for the prefent, we return to Mabamed Bajha.

Some of the Citizens of Cojiantina having found Means to lay their
Complaints before the Ottoman Emperor, that Monarch, who allowed
no fuch Tyranny in his Subftitutes, immediately named that notable
Corfair Ocbali to fucceed the offending Bajba .* And, early in the fuc-
ceeding March, he arrived at Algiers.

This Mabamed Bajba governed only fourteen Months. When he left
this Government, he was in his thirty fifth Year. He was middle-fized,
neither fat nor lean, of a clear Complexion, fomewhat (quinting, and

very black-haired. In 1571, when Don Juan de Aujtria routed the

Ottoman Fleet, this Bajba was captivated, and, with feveral other prin-
cipal turk'ijb Officers, fent to Rome, as a Prefent to Pope Pius V. They
were afterwards exchanged for certain Cbriftian Cavaliers, who were made
Prifoners at the taking of the Goletta.

Ali

The History of Algiers. 489

Ali Bash a Fartas: Vulgarly called Ochali,

A. D. 15*68. It was in the Beginning of March, this Year, as is above
obferved, that Ali Bajba arrived at Algiers, commiflioned from the Saltan
to fucceed in that Government the Son of Salha Rats, againft whom the
People of Coftantina had complained. Hiftory produces very few Exam-
ples of a Man's making fo remarkable a Figure in the World, from Be-
ginnings fo very mean and abject:, as did this famous Renegado. He was
born a Subject to his Cathvlic Majefty j being a Native of a miferable
Village, named Licajlelli, in Calabria, a Province of the Kingdom of
Naples. His Birth was fo obfeure, that even his Cbriftian Name is not
known 5 and during his Slavery, he was never called by any other Name
than Fartas, which in Arabic is the fame as the Spanijb Word Tmfo,
fignifying one who is fcald-headed. He was utterly illiterate 5 and had
never followed any Employ but that of a Fifher, or rowing in a Wherry,
till he was captivated by the Admiral of Algiers, who was a Renegado
Greek, named Ali Ahamed, who held that Poft feveral Years. His new
Patron, finding him to be a fturdy, robuft Youth, and, from his Infancy,
inured to the Salt- Water, chained him to one of the foremoft Oars, in
his own Galley, where he long continued. The natural Squalidity of his
Afpect, being always fwarming with Vermin, and full of Mange and
Scabs, occafioned him to be much defpifed by all, and even by his Fel-
low-Slaves, who never would either Mefs, or Row with him on the
fame Bank, except by Compulfion. Having endured all thofe Hardfhips
for fome Years, he at length became a MuJJulman, purely to have the Op-
portunity of retaliating a Blow given him by a certain Levent, or Sol-
dier, aboard the Galley. Bejng thus freed from the Oar, tho' not from
his Patron's- Service, that Admiral obferving his Alertnefs and Capacity
as a Mariner, foon made him his chief Boatfwain. In this Employ, it
was not long before {he picked up good Store of Ducats, wherewith
he purchafed Part of a Brigantine. Cruifing about in that fmall VefTel,
he played his Part fo effectually, that in a few Months he became not
only Rats, or Captain, but fole Proprietor of a fmart Galeot, in which
his Exploits got him the Character of one of the boldeft and mod expert
Corfairs in ail Barbary. Soon after, being offered good Encouragement
by Dragut Rais, who thenrefided chiefly at Jerba, he entered into his Ser-
Vol. II. Rrr vice,

490 The History of Algiers

vice, and was by that great Corfair held in particular Eftcem. When, in
if <So, the too obftinate Duke of Medina-Celi, Vice-Roy of Sicily, un-
dertook the Conqueft of that Ifland, Dragut (before the Arrival of the
Chrijlian Armada, which he knew was preparing to come againft him)
fent this Ochali to Conjlantinople, to demand Affiftance. The Word
Qcbali is no other than our European Corruption from Alouje-Ali, which
the Turks had previoufly corrupted from Ali-al-Ulj, or AH the Renegade
as fuch of the Moors and Arabs as had more Manners than to ufe the op-
probrious Appellation Fartas, were wont to call him, after he embraced
their Belief: This once for all, as to the Name of this noted Man, whom
we ihall call AH Rats, till we come to his Adminiftration as Vice- Roy of
Algiers, and next as Captain- Bajba * when his properer Title will be AH
Bajba. This All Rais fa well played his Cards at the Porte, that Saltan
Suliman readily fent his Grand Admiral, Piali Bajba, with ioo Royal.
Gallies, to protect his Favourite Dragut and his Acqui(itions. When the
'Furkijb Fleet came within twenty Miles of Jerba, the Captain- Bajba\-
Heart feemed to fail him, and he exprefled fome Unwillingnefs to attack;
the Cbriftian Armada. It is even reported, that he would actually have
retired, had he not been refolutely diflliaded and ftrongly animated by the
courageous Calabrian* The Refult of the Engagement was the utter
Defeat of the Cbrijtians-, almofl; all their Gallies being either taken or de-
ftroyed. The unadvifed Duke, and Gio. Andria D Oria, the Chrijlian
Admiral, themfelves had a very narrow Efcape. The Land Army was,
likewife, deftroyed, the Fort taken and demolifhed, with the Captivity
of more than iocoo Spaniards, among whom were General Don Alvaro
de Sande, Don Gafton de la Cerda, the Duke's Son, Dm JSerenguer, Ge-
neral of the Sicilian Gallies, and Don Sancbo de Leyva, General of thofe
of Naples, with a great Number of other Perfons of Diitinction, and in-
ferior Officers } befides the flain, who were feveral thoufands. Alt Rais
had fo great a Share in this fignal Victory, that it wonderfully inhaneed
his Fame and Reputation. Piali Bajba, in particular, dearly loved him
ever after j never failing upon all Occafions, to give him the mo ft con-
vincing Proofs of his extraordinary Friendihip and Affection. In if6f 9
he accompanied Dragut to the Siege of Malta, and highly fignalized him->
felf. At that brave Man's Deceafe, his Friend and Patron, the Gaptain-
Bajba, named him for Dragufs Succeflor in the Vice-Royalty of Tripoly,
and got his Commiuion afterwards confirmed by the Sultan, Upon this

z Account^

Ihe History of Algiers. 491

Account, our new Vice-Roy departed, from Malta, for Ttipoly, with three
Galeots 5 taking with him the Corpfe of his late Benefactor Dragut, in
order to its Interment in the Place Dragut himfclf had afligned. He there
took Pofleffion of all the Gallies, Slaves, Treafure, and other Effects of
that his Predeceflbr 5 and, thro* Piali Bajha's Intereft, continued to enjoy
the fame as his own rightful Property. He governed Tripoly very fuc-
cefsfully for about two Years and a half, increafing not only in Wealth,
but alfo in Renown, on Account of the calamitous Depredations he was
continually making upon the Christians throughout the Mediterranean,
more particularly on the Coafts of Sicily, Calabria and Naples. In Re-
turn for the many Obligations he had to the Captain- Bajh a, he was daily
fending him rare and valuable Prefents: And that grateful, generous Ad-
miral, upon the Complaints brought to Court againft Mahamed Bajba,
ufed all his Intereft to get the honourable Vice- Royalty of Algiers for
this his Favourite 5 at which Place he arrived , as has been obierved,
early in March, if 68, in a Capacity very different from that in which he
appeared at his firft being brought thither.

The War againft the revolted Morifcoes, in the Kingdom of Granada,
was then at the hotteft. Thofe People being forely prefTed, fent earneft
Supplications to Alt Bajba, for Afliftance againft the Spaniards their Per-
fecutors. Th\s Bajha, tho' he gave Licence to all who would go as Ad-
venturers, at their own Expences, would never fend them any Succours
a s from himfelfj ftill alledging : " That it more concerned him to defend
" well his own State, than to interfere With the Affairs of others." Nay,
when many of the Algerims, more particularly the Alorifcoes fettled at
Algiers, had imbarked a great Quantity of Arms, &c. in order to trans-
port them over to the Andalufian Coaft, to fell them to the Revolter?,
he feized them all ; faying : " He would never fuffer the Exportation of
" what was fo neceflary for the Defenfe of his own Dominion. " But
being greatly importuned by thofe his Tagarine Subjects, he at length con-
fented, u That all fUch as had two of a Sort, as Mufkets, Swords, or
* c other Weapons, might, if they thought fit, fend over one of them,
c c provided they did it gratis, and purely for the Caufe-Sakej but he would
** never, he faid, allow any of them to ftrrp themfelves of their Arms
" for Lucre. " He farther ordered fuch their Oblations to be brought
to a certain Mofaue, with a Defign of being an Eye-Witnefs of what
that his Licence would produce : And the Quantity there amaffed was fo

Rrri unexpectedly

492 The History of Algiers.

unexpectedly prodigious, that he was quite aftonifhed at the Zeal and Li-
berality of the Morifcoes. However, having firfl fent away to the City-
Magazine what Part of thofe Arms he thought proper, he permitted the
Remnant to be imbarked. This fame Year, Ali Baft a laid the Founda-
tion of Beb-al Weyd Caftle, of which Fortrefc fome Account fhall be
given in the Topography.

A. D. i ytfo. The fecond Year of his Adminiftration, he augmented
the Ottoman Empire by the Reduction of the whole Realm of Tunis,
Concerning that Expedition, take thefe few Particulars. Hamida, the
unnatural Rebel Son of Mulei Hajfan, King of Tunis, under the King of
Spain's Protection, ftill tyrannized over that Kingdom. The Goletta was
in abfolute Pofleffion of the Spaniards. Cairouan, an inland City, had a
King of its own, a reputed Santon. And as for mod of the maritime
Towns, they were fometimes poflefled by the Turkift Coriairs, other times
by the Cbriftians j and by Intervals independent. The Tyrant Hamida
never ceafing his infufferable Tyranny, the opprefled Tunijines, particu-
lirly the Nobility, grievoufly infulted and abufed, both in Perfon and
Eltate, not only by the Uiurper himfelf, but by the vilcft of his unwor-
thy Satellites, applied to the new Bafta of Algiers, with whom feveral
of their Chiefs were perfonally acquainted : Nor were any of thern
Strangers to his Character and enterprifing Difpofition. The principal
Managers of this Nogociation were three 3 Al-Caid Aben Jibadra, Gene-
ral of the Cavalry (who bore Hamida a mortal Grudge*, tho' he artfully
diflembled) and two other great Officers. Ali Bafta making no Hafte in
this Affair, at the Beginning of the Year, they again wrote in more pre
fing Terms-, making him a formal Tender of the Sovereignty of the
whole Realm, to be poflefled by him in the Name of the Ottoman Emperor.
Thefe Offers brought the ambitious Calabrian to a Determination. Commit-
ting the Adminiftration to the Care of Memmi Cor ft, his Favourite Renegade,
he fet out with only f oog Turks and Renegadoes from Algiers ; but in the Way
was joined by about 6000 Mountain-Cavalry, fent by the Princes of Cucco,
Beni- Abbas, and other Sheikhs. At Coftantina and Bona, as he pafled in
his March towards Tunis, he took with him all the Spabis belonging to
thofe Cities. His Train of Artillery confifted of ten light Field-Pieces*
By Sea, he had no Forces in this Expedition. Arriving, with this Camp,
at Beja (an ancient Town, two Days riding fhort of Tunis, in the
Road from Cofiantina, founded by the Romans, where this Hamida had

lately

Ihe History of Algiers. 49-3

lately built a Caftle, or Fort, mounted with fourteen Brafs Cannon) he
there halted. Hamida (oon came to attack him in thatlncampmenr,at the
Head of 30000 Horfe and Foot. The Engagement was fcarcc begun,
when the three Al-Caids^ with all their Partifans, according to the A-
greement, deferred to the Algerines. Upon this the Tyrant, with fuch as
would follow him, fled away to Tunis', as imagining the Citizens would
never rcfufe defending their Walls againft an Army of Turks ; a People
they had no Reafon to favour. Ali Bajha loft no Time, but purfued.
Incamping within lefs than two Miles of the City, at Al-Bardou, (which
then Royal Pleafure-Houfe is the Palace of the prefent Bey of Tunis) he
again halted, to obferve the Enemy's Motions. The Tunifines flocked
apace to the Alger ine Camp, all 1 exclaiming loudly againft their Tyrant.
Hamida finding how Matters ftood, and knowing not whom to confide
in, taking two of his Wives, two Sons* a great Quantity of Money>
Jewels and other valuable Moveables, with twenty five Followers, be-
tween Intimates and Domeftics,. in the Evening he ftole away for the
Goletta. But fome Moors having Notice of his Flight, they purfued and
overtook him j tho' the only Harm they did either to himfelf or Com-
pany, was to lighten them of the beft Part of their Luggage j and with
what remained,, this Fugitive foon got to that Spanijb Garrifon. Of all
this Ali Bajha no fooner got Intelligence, but he fpeeded to Tunis, intjo
which Capital he entered without the lead Oppofition. This was at the
very End of 1569. Finding thofe his new Subjects extremely well fatif-
fied with this Revolution, he treated them all with great Courtefyj and
among thofe who had been inftrumental to his Succefs, he diftributed his
Favours with the utmoft Liberality j contrary to the Maxim of his quon-
dam Friend and Patron f Dragut, and many others, who, tho' they love
the Treafon yet they hate the Traytor. The Arab Sheikhs all flocked in
to congratulate and offer him their Service. At firft he gave them a very
courteous Reception : But in a very few Days he gave them to under-
ftand, " That he expected Tribute from them, to help out towards the
' Maintenance of the Realm againft all its Enemies, foreign ordomeftic. "
8 This being ftrange Language to the Arabs of thofe Regions, 'in particu-
lar, who, in lieu of giving, are always not only paid but courted for their

f Look bick to P. 443. , * Fide Vol. I. P. 199 and 200.

Service,

494 The Historst of Algiers.

Service, they frankly and boldly returned, " That if he 'wanted Tribute
from them, he muft demand it in the Field, Lance in Hand 5 for there
" and no where elfe they ever defigned him a fingle A/per. " The Bajba
thought fit to diflemble.

A. D. 1 570. Having continued at Tunis, bufied in fettling Affairs till
February, this Year, he began to think of returning to Algiers. Accord-
ingly, he left there, as his Vice-Roy, a Sardinian Renegado of his, named
Al-Caid Rdmadam, Sardo, (afterwards Bajba of Algiers) and next in Au-
thority under him another Renegado Chieftain, named Al-Caid Mabamed,
-Napolitano, being a Native of Naples, to at as his Field-General, toge-
ther with a Garrifon of 3000 Turks and Renegadoes. This done, he fet
out, by Land, at the End of that Month, and arrived at Algiers about the
Middle of April

Several Days before he reached thither, he fent away a fwift Negro of
his, fo famous a Walker, that he would out-go and tire any Horfe in the
whole Country. This Courier carried Orders to all the Captains of Gal-
lies, &c. to get ready for an Expedition, with the utmoft Difpatch. He
was fo punctually obeyed, that in fix Weeks after his Arrival, he imbark-
cd on the Admiral Galley, and accompanied by twenty three others of the
belt in Algiers, Galeots included, all exceedingly well manned and pro-
vided, he took the Way to Conftantimple.

The Occafion of his taking this Voyage was, to follicit the Sulian for
a Fleer, to recover the Gotetta from the Spaniards-, as rightly fuppofing
he could never remain peaceable PoiTeiTor of Tunis while thofeCaftles were
in the Hands of Cbriftians. Off Cape Pajfaro, in Sicily, he got Intelli-
gence, from forae Captives there taken, of four Maltefe Gallies, one of
them the Capitana, or Admiral, lying in the Harbour of Licata, on the
South Coaft of the fame Ifland, juft ready to depart for Malta. Here-
upon AH Bajba ordered to put out to Sea, at a good Diftance, and tak-
ing in all the Sails to prevent Difcovery, lay-by, Oar in Hand, waiting
for the Gallies, in the very Midft of the Channel which feparates Sicily
and Malta. This had the defired Efre& : For the Turks could fee the four
Gallies coming, with Oars and Sails, a considerable while before their Fleet
could be diicovered by the Cbriftians: So that while they thought therafelves
mpft.fecure,they were in a Manner farrounded by the Enemy. When the
Chevaliers beheld the imminent Danger they were in, a Council was in-
fhntly called. Some were for fighting like what they profefled them-

felves :

The History of Algiers. 495

{elves: But the Majority concluded it the wifeft Way to endeavour to
efcape. Accordingly, three of the Gallics fled, while the fourth, named
S. Anna, maintained a defperate Fight, fo v more than two Hours, againft
eight of the Alger ines, and furrendered not rill every one of the Knights,
and almoft the whole Equipage, were either flain or difabled. Of the
other three one got clear away to Cape Paffaro 5 where lighting on a
TurkiJB Brigantine, fhe took it : And a Chrifilan Galeot accidentally paf-
fing by, they both gave Chace to two other enn'fing Brigantines, of both
which they foon became Mafters. As for the Capitana of Malta and its
other Confort, being hotly purfued, they ran a-ground near Licata, at
fome Diftance from each other. The Chevaliers having all got amore*
moft of them were of Opinion to land all the Slaves and others, with
what elfe was of moft Value, and then to fink rheir Gallies, to prevent
their being carried off by the Barbarians : Which they might have done
without much Difficulty. But to this the General would not agree j as
fancying he could, from the Land, defend his Gailies, fo as to prevent the
Enemy from approaching. But it fell out quite otherwife: For the Cor-
fairs plied their great and fmall Shot fo warmly, that they had diffident
Opportunity to tow away both the Gallies, with their Artillery, abun-
dance of rich Merchandize with which they were laden, and feveral hun-
dred of fettered Rowers, moft of them Turks and Moors, who were, we
may fuppofe,' very joyful at the Recovery of their Liberty.

Upon the taking thefe confiderable Prizes, Alt Bajha altered his Defign
of going up to the Levant, and bore away for Algiers, where he arrived
July 20. if 70. All his Gallies, &c. were moft pompoufly fet off with
Standards, Streamers, &c . every eight of them towing along one of the MaU
tefe Gallies. In Memory of this Exploit, he caufed to be hung up, under
the Arch of the Marine-Gate, a great Number of Shields and Bucklers,
adorned with S. John's White Crofs,the Device of the Knights of Malta,
together with the Statue, or Image of S. John, taken from the Poop of
the Admiral- Galley > w All which, fays Haedo, remain there, as Tro-
" phies, to this Dayj except S. John's Image, which, in 15-78, at the
*t Importunity of the Morabboths, or Santons of Algiers, was taken down
" and burned, before the Palace-Gate, with feveral other Images which
'! alfo hung there, by Hajffan-Bajha, a Venetian Renegado, when he was
" Vice-Roy of Algiers." Of this Renegado* Bajha much will be faid,
in due Place.

Fron?

4 p6 The History of Algiers.

From thence forwards, All Bajha was perpetually embroiled in .
great DiiTentions with the Soldiery, and even was frequently in Danger
f his Life, on Account of their not being duly paid, according to the

original Eftablifhment. Of which Omiflion a Governor of Algiers

ought to be extremely cautious.

A. D. Jf/i. The Beginning of this Year, Matters came to that Pals,
that he was forced to keep clofe in his Palace. Having, with all imagi-
nable Expedition, caufed all the bell Cruifers to be got ready, he was glad
to Ihip himfelf, in April, as if going to feek for Booty, and to put to
Sea, with twenty Gaflies and Galeots, tho' the Weather was very ftormy,
and the Wind full in his Teeth: And well it was he did foj for a Party
of Janifaries were clofe at his Heels. To efcape their Fury, he fo urged
the poor Slaves to row againft the Wind, that before he could reach Te-
tnendefujl, ten or a dozen Miles diftant Eaftward, two of them expired
at the Oar, on board his own Galley. The mutinous Janifaries, imaged
at his Efcape, imagining the Weather would detain him fome Time in
that Harbour, obliged twenty of their chief Officers to go thither by
Land, in order to bring him back j which if they could not effect by
fair Means and Perfualions, they were to excite a Mutiny among the Sol-
diery on beard the Fleet. But he flayed not there a Moment, and was
gone before the Arrival of thofe Deputies. His Ablence was again fup-
plied by the fame Al-Caid Memmi Corfo; who, notwithstanding thole
Commotions, and the Enemies his Patron had, kept all things quiet, and
in very good Order. As Alt Bajha was purfuing his Way Eaftward,
he was met by a Galeot from the Levant, which brought him Advice
from the Sultan (tho' fome affirm he had that Intelligence much earlier)
that a moft powerful Armada was preparing at Conftantimple, for fome
great Expedition againft CbriJIendom; injoining him to repair thither with
all the Force he could pofllbly raife. The Turks were then contending
for the Ifland of Cyprus with the Venetians, who were lately entered into
a League againft them with Pope Pius V. and Philip II. King of Spain;
which confederate Powers were, alfo, fitting out a mighty Fleet. This
occalioned Ali Bajba\ immediate repairing, with his twenty Gallies, to
Coron, in the Morea, where he was foon joined by the Ottoman Armada-,
whofe Chiefs were all exceedingly glad to be accompanied by fo expert a
Sea-Commander, who had under his Direction 'fo gallant a Succour of
flout Gallies, manned and equipped to the bell Advantage. Ali Bafba,
4 in

7he History <?/Algier. 497

in Conjunction with the Levant Fleet, during that whole Summer, hav-
ing done the Venetians all poflible Damage at Candid, and others or their
Iflands, at laft, Oclober 7. if 71, the two Armadas met, and the celebrat-
ed Battel of Lepanto was fought, fo fatal to the Turks, and fo honourable
to the Chriftian Generalifllmo, Don Juan de Auftria, Natural Son to the
late Emperor Charles V. and confequently Brother to Philip II. King of
Spain. In this terrible Battel Ali Bajba, who with his Algerine Squadron
commanded the Left Wing, alone came off with Honour. Like a cau-
tious, experienced Corfair, he flill evaded Peril, yet artfully maintained
his Poft:, while it poffibly was to be maintained * but in fuch Manner that
his own Veflels efcaped in a manner Scot-free. Watching his Opportu-
nity, when he perceived the Maltefe Gallies in great Diftrefs, he bore
down upon their Capitana, and poured in fuch a warm Volley of fmall
Shot, that few of thofe brave Cavaliers being left alive, nor any of
them in a Condition to make longer Refiftance, he inftantly clapped her
aboard, and had her actually in Tow, when the Victory abfolutely de-
clared for the Chriftians. Being then obliged to abandon that his
Prize, (which by fome, is faid, to have been the only one taken by the
Turks that Day) he left it not without bringing off S. John's Grand
Standard, and then made a brave and notable Retreat > whereby he ac-
quired little lefs Reputation than Don Juan had done by gaining that im-
portant Victory. . Thofe Seas, whereof the Chriftians were then Mafters,
being grown too hot to hold him, he withdrew to Conftantinopk, whi-
ther heavy Complaints, from Algiers, againft his unjuft Treatment of his
Militia, were already arrived. However, thro' the Inrereft of his old
and conftant Friend and Protector, Piali Bajha, who was frill in great
Credit, and his laying the Standard of the Order at the Sultan's Feet,
inftead of Reprimands, he was loaded with Careffes and Applaufe : And
the Ottoman Monarch confirmed him in the Bajhalic of Algiers, w^ich he
permitted him (till to govern by his Deputy, the aforefaid Memmi Corfo.

Finding himfelf fo favoured, and in fuch Credit, he fcrapled not to af-
fure the Sultan 5 " That if his Highnefs would intruft him With a Fleet,
" he would undertake not only to face the Chriftians at Sea, but alfo to
" cover the whole Ottoman State from the utmoft of their Attempts. "
So highly agreeable were thofe bold Offers (to the almoft-defponding Sul-
tan, that, greatly encouraged by the generous, friendly old Piali, who
allured frjm,.that Ali Bajha was a Man intirely to be depended on) he

Vop. II. S f f forthwith

4 ^g The History 0/ Algiers.

forthwith named him his Captain- Bajb a; and withal, authorized him to
provide the Fleet he himfelf pleafed : And, as a farther and moft lingular
Mark of his Favour, that Monarch told him, obligingly 5 " That he
" might ftill intitle himfelf Bafia of Algiers ; fince he was not, juft
" then, difpofed to appoint him any Succeflbr. " But the Sultan- was foon
wheedled out of that Vice-Royalty, as -will appear. Such Diligence was
ufed by this -active Calabrian, that in a very few Months, viz. in June
if 72.. he left Confiantinopk, at the Head of 230 Royal Gallies, befides
other Bottoms of divers Sorts and Sizes. With this Fleet he went in
1 Search of the Confederates, whom he found at the Morea j where he lay
facing their Armada, braving and defying them to Battel : But they parted
without . bloody Nofes. The Reafons afligned for their feparating fo pa-
cificly, by the Spanijb Writers of thofe Days, and by Haedo exprefly, are
thefc viz. " ThisBufinefs, fays he, took no Efrect, thro' the Disunion
of the Chiefs of the Confederate Armada. For had they atraefced the
** Turkijb Fleet (as I heard from certain forks who were then with
$ Ocbali) they would, certainly, have gained a complete Victory; the
" Infidels being all ready prepared for Flight, intending, had the Chrijiians
" moved, to have abandoned their Armada. But thefe are Judgments of
God, and things ordained by his Divine Providence and Infinite Wif-
a dom! And from that Time forwards (continues this Author) Ocbali,
w becaufe he was not vanquifhed, gained very near as much Honour as
** if he had come off Conqueror j and .remained in ,far greater Favour
{f and Credit with the Sultan, than ever."

A* D. 1 572,* Tho' we here might have taken Leave of Ali Bafia, as
an Algerine, that Bajbalic having, feveral Months earner, pafled into the
Hands of another, yet he was a Perfon too remarkable to be dropped
thus abruptly, funis was, this Year, recovered from the Turks, by Dm
Juan de Aufiria.

A Word or two concerning that brave Prince may not be improper *
tho' we {hall not here enter upon the Particulars of this his Afrisan Expe-
dition > it being fomewhat remote from our Subject, and a Conqueft the
Cbrifiians did not long enjoy.- Don Juan de Aufiria was born at Ra-
thbon in if 47. According to moft Writers, Charles the Emperor had
him by a young Gentlewoman, named Barba Blombergb, who afterwards
became a Nun, and ended her Days in a Convent : Tho* others fay his
Mother was a Princefs 3 and fome fcruple not to affirm, that the faid

Prkicefi

The History of Algiers; 4^9

Frincefs was the Emperor's near Relation. However this Point was, that
Monarch, who had long experienced the Fidelity of Don Luis ^uixada i
Grand Steward of his Houfhold, intruded him with that his Infant Son,
with Orders, that he fhould be brought up, in the Country, by his Spoufe
Madalena Ulloa 5 injoining him ftricHy to conceal from the young Don
Juan the Miftery of his Original. This Command was punctually obey-
ed. The Emperor, on his Death- Bed, difcloled the Secret to his Son and
SuccelTor, King Philip 11. , In 15-61. this Monarch, being at Valladolid^
pretending to go a Hunting, had ordered Don Luis to bring his Ward
into the ForelT. The young Prince, being condu&ed where the King
was, caft himfelf at his Feet. The Monarch bad him rife j and fmiling
faid to him ; " Do you know who was your Father ? You are the Son
" of an illuflrious Perfonage: The Emperor Don Carlos was your Parent,
".as he was mine. " This faid, he ordered Don Juan to follow him j
and he educated him, like, a Prince, at Court. In 1^70. he fent him into
the Kingdom of Granada, againft the revoked Morijcoes; which War he
terminated very fuccefsfully. The Year following he was named Genera-
lifiimo of the Confederate Armada, and, as we obferved, won the cele-
brated Battel of Lepanto, at which the Ottomans loft at leaft 25-000 Men,
and almoft their whole Fleet. He was afterwards Governor of the Ne~
therlands. To conclude, he died of the Peftilence, in his Camp near
Namur, in Ottober, if 78, To return.

A, D. if 74. Ali Bajha was extremely concerned at the Lofs of Tunis ;
a City and State which he hull looked on as appertaining to himfelf. He
ufed fuch Importunities with the Sultan, and fo pofitively allured him,
that he would not only recover the City, and what he had before po.
feiTed in that Realm, but would, alfo, undertake to drive the Spaniards
from all that Part of Africa, by taking from their chief FortreiTes, the
Catties of the Goktta, that the Ottoman Monarch authorized him to acT:
at Difcretionj naming for his Land-General, a ftout, experienced Officer,
a Native of Bofnia, whofe Name was HaJJ'an Bajha.

Early in June, this Year, the Turkijh Fleet call Anchor 'before the Go-
letta, in the Bay of Tunis. It conlifled of 2fO Gallies, ten Maons, and
thirty Caramujals, all well lined with Men, Artillery, Ammunition and
Provillons. He was foon joined by his SuccelTor, Arab Ahamed (of whom
we mail treat anon) Bajha of Algiers, with a {tout and well-appointed
Squadron j as alfo by the Vice-Roy of Tripoly, the Troops of Cairouan,
and all the Fugitive Tunifmes, together with an Infinity of Arabs

Sffi and

j o The History of Algiers,

and Africans from all the circumjacent Quarters > a People ever fickle and
fond of Novelties. The Turkifi Admiral planted four Batteries againft
thofe Caftles j two to each of them. Thofe formed againft the new Ca-
ftle, built by Don Gabriel Cervellon, were left to the Management of the
Vice-Roy of Tripoly, and the Governor of Cairouan j both under the
Direction of Hajfan Bajba. As for the other Caftle, properly called the
Goletta, the Admiral himfelf undertook it, with two terrible Batteries,
confiding of enormous Bafiliiks. In lefs than forty Days they carried
both the Caftles j and the victorious Captain-Bajba, with great Honour
and thoufands of Captive Spaniards^ returned triumphantly to Conftanti-
nople. The whole Year of ifjf . he ftirrcd not from the Porte. In June
ij7<5. he fet out with fixty Gallies: And notwithstanding he met with
fuch contrary Weather, that he was twice forced from the Calabrian
Coaft (againft which his native Land he feemed moil inveterate) back to
the Morea, yet as he was determined not to go without his Errand, he
again repaired thither * and landing a Body of Troops near the City
Efquiluci) he facked foroe Villages, and advanced as far as Cape De las
ColonaS) near where he was born, and then returned. I have read fome-
where, that he brought off fome of his Relations ; upon whom prevail-
ing to change their Drefs and Perfuafion, he treated with great Deference.
All 15*77. he enjoyed himfelf at home. But in 15*78. the Janifaries of
Cyprus having affaflinated their Governor, Arab Ahamed^ (of whom we
fhall prefently treat, as Bajba of Algiers} 00 Account of their Pay, Alt
Bajba was ordered thither, with fifty Gallies, to chaftife the principal
Offenders} which he effectually did, with the utmoft Severity. In 15*79.
during the furious War between the Turks and Pcrfians y in which the
firft were great Lofers, he was fent, with forty Gallies, into the Black-
Sea y to build a Caftle, to obftruct the Ravages of the Georgians^ who, in
Favour of their Patron, the Sopbiof Perfia^ greatly annoyed the Ottomans.
He built the Caftle, and left it well fupplied with Janifaries and all Ne-
ceffaries. But his Back was fcarce turned, when the Georgians deftroyed
both Fortrefs and Garrifon. At this he was much difturbed 5 but could
not apply a Remedy. To conclude, this Renegado - Admiral's Credit
and Reputation among the Turks were extraordinary 5 having a far
more extenfive Power, over all maritime Places and Affairs, than ever any
Captain-Bajba had, either before or fince : Nor was he, in the leaft, de-
pendent on any except the Sultan alone. He had a Cuftom, that en
thofe Days when he was melancholy, or out of Humour, he would

4 drek

The History of Algiers. so*

drefs himfelf all in Black ; a fure Token, that he was not to be fpoken
with about any Bufinefs whatever : Which was quite otherwife when he
wore Colours. In this he was fomewhat like the late Mulei Ifmael y
of butcherly Memory, Emperor of the Tingitana % who when he wore
Yellow was, infallibly, bent upon Mifchief : Tho* that Tyrant was fcarcc
ever otherwife. Ali Bajha had erected a ftately and moft fumptuous
Palace, for his own Refidence, on the Sea- Shore, about five Miles from
Conftantinople, towards Kara-Denguis, or the Black- Sea; and foon after-
wards he built a fine Mofque, whofe Walls are waflied by the Seaj with
a gallant Sepulcher for himfelf, where he is interred, under a curious
Dome. In 15*80. he died, aged feventy two, leaving no IfTue : But had
above 5*00 Renegadoes of his own, all whom he called his Children. He
was not then quite hoary. Of Stature he was tali and robuft , of Com-
plexion fomewhat fwarthy. As his Scald-Head was never cured, he was,
as we obferved, naturally bald and fcabby-pated. His Voice was fo hoarfe,
that he could not poflibly be heard at any confiderable Diftance. Algiers
he governed perfonally three Years and one Month, viz. from March
15-68 to April 15*71 5 and about a Year more by his Deputy, or Kayia,
the above-named Memmi Corfo. Our Queen Elizabeth wrote this Cap-
tain-BaJha a very obliging Letter, which is to be met with in Hakluyt :
Of the Occafion we fhall fpeak hereafter.

To conclude our Account of this remarkable Renegado 9 and to give one
Specimen of his Difpofition, as well as an Idea of fome other Matters,
we (hall have Recourfe to F. Haedo's Catalogue of Martyrs. The Rela-
tion, abridged, runs thus. J n a certain Excurfion made, from Oran 9 by
the Spanijb Cavalry, among other Captives, then taken, was a fprightly
little African Boy, who being very much liked by a dignified Clergy-man
of that City, was by him purchafed of the Captors, and brought tip a
Catholic, His Baptifmal Name was Geronymo. When he was about eight
Years of Age, Oran being afflicted with a grievous Peftilence, all the In-
habitants, who had Means and Convenicncy fo to do, quitted the infected
Town, and fet up Tents in the Neighbourhood. Certain Moori/b Slaves,
being not fo ftrictly guarded as ufual, took their Opportunity to efcapc,
and carried away the young Geronymo, whom they reflored to his Parents.
Without Difficulty he returned to their Perfuafion, and fo continued till
iffP- which was his twenty fifth Year: " When, fays this my Author,
touched by the Holy Spirit, which called him to what he afterwards

" became

.' V -

5 02 The History- ^Algiers

tfi became, viz. to be a Martyr, he voluntarily returned to Of at:, in order
to live in the Faith of Our Lord Jesus Christ. " His Patron, then
Vicar-General of Oran, was extremely well pleafed at the Return of his
Favourite Convert, and received him joyfully into his Family. And the
more to endear Geronyrho to his Service, thexequiiite Ceremonies of the
Church, on Account of his returning to its Bofom, were-no fooner per-
formed, but he got him inrolled among the Spamjh Cavalry, and foon af-
ter married him to a Moorijh Damfel, likewife a Convert j entertaining
them both at his Houfe as his own Children, Ten Years continued Ge-
ronymo>\n that happy Station y giving many notable Proofs of his Fide-
lity, Prudence, Conduc~b and Bravery. Antonio de Pajma, itht Adalid 9
or Conductor of the Oran Troops, upon all Expeditions, in May,
if 69. obtained Leave of the Governor, Don Martin de Cordoua (Marquis
De Cortes, of whom frequent Mention has been made) to go out in a
Bark, with a few Soldiers, tofurprife fome Arabs near the Cba it, of whom
he had Intelligence. This Officer took with him only nine Men, all of
his ownchuimgi one of which was this Geronymo^ his great Favourite
and belonging to his own Troop. Arriving at the Place, juft as the Day-
began to break, as they were getting afhore, xwo'MooriJb Brigantines
appeared. Upon this the Chrijiians recovered their Bark, and began to
row away for Life* but the Purfuers having by far the better Heels, the
only Hope left thofe. Adventurers was tp run a-ground upon the Coaft.
But this little availed ,tfyems for the Moors, were upon Land as foon as
they, and the Race was not very long before nine of the ten were in their
Clutches. Only Antonio de Palma out-ran them all* but foon ran him-
felf in the Jaws of fome ftroling Arabs,, who made Prize of him. He
was afterwards ranfomed. Geronymo, m his Flight, was wounded in the
Arm with an Arrow. Being conducted .to Algiers, he fell to the Ba/ba's
Share, and was fhut up, with the reft of his Slaves, in the Beylic- Bagnio.
His Extraction was not long a Secret. , Upon the Difcovery, the Guar*
dians put him on a great Chain, not fufrering him to go out with the
others to their daily Labour > which was then in building the Cattle with-
out Beh-al'Wcyd. The Santons and other Zealots, confulting about this
Affair,. deemed it no difficult Matter to reclaim this h Moguttas, or Apo-
fhte, from his Error y and went mod officioufly, and in Sholes, to work

I; So they term a Renegado from their Sett or Perfvufion.

about

7he History ^Algiers. 503

about a Deed of fuch Merit : But, the Event fhewed, that they might as
well have whittled. Neither Promifes nor Offers, neither Infinuations
nor Menaces in the lead availing, they remonftrated the Cafe to the
Bajba* In their, daily Vifits, in order to documentize this obttinate Recw
fanty they had fcarce turned their Backs upon him, but, quite out of Pa-
tience at their Importunities, he would fay to the Chriflian Slaves about
him > " What is it thefe Scoundrels imagine! Do they think to make a
Moor of me? No! They fhall never do it, tho' I lofe my Life."
This, with other Aggravations, thofe Zealots reported to the Bajha >
earneftiy intreating him. to take to Heart this momentous Affair, and to
inflict, fome exemplary Chaftifement on the Offender, to deter others from
Crimes of a, like heinous Nature. Thefe Difcourfes greatly imaged Alt
Bajha 5 and (whether out of real Zeal for the Mujfulman Caufe, or to
inhance his Credit among the People whofe Creed he had embraced, as is
the Cafe with, mod of his. Cloth) he determined to put this would-be
Martyr to fome uncommon .Death, in cafe he perfifted in his Appltacy.
Going to fee how his Cattle went on, after he had been there a confl-
derable while, giving Directions to his Workmen, as he was returning,
he called his chief Builder, Maeflro Michael^ a Chriflian Captive of his
own,, andia Native of Navarre^ to whom he fpake thefe Words :
" Michael: Thofe Planks there, which you have placed ready to be- filled
" Upwith Mortar, mutt remain as they are till to-morrow ; becaufe
<c therein I defign . to bury alive that Oranefe Dog, who refufes to be-

" come a Moor.''' -Great Part of the public and private Buildings, in

thofe Parts, as like wife in Spain y &c* are of what they call T'abbia, and
in Spanijhy Portuguefe, &V. Tapia^ which is Mud- Walls, made of m.oift-
ened Earth, between two great Planks laid and fattened to the proper
Place, and then rilled with Earth, &c. fufEciently watered, and beat down
with heavy Rammers, fomewhat like thofe ufed by Paviers. The Walls

of this Cattle are fo built. The Workman, with whom thofe Orders

were left, acquainted Geronymo how Affairs : flood -, exhorting him to pre-
pare for a Chriftian-Yike Death, fince his Crave was already made, jbv
his Hands,, tho' much againft his Inclination. Geronymo received thefe
Tydings heroically-, like a primitive Father, and retired with his Con-
feffor, to make Preparations for his long Journey : Of all which F. Haedo
makes a tedious Story. About nine in the Morning, September 18, ifo*p.
he affirms, " The Miniflers of Satan to have repaired to "the Bagnio^ in
bns i w: order

5<*4 The History ef Algiers.

" order to conduct the Servant of Cbrifi'' before his Pilate; who, armed
with thofe invincible Weapons, which he had been receiving from the
" Hands of his Spiritual Father, flood intrepidly to receive them. "
Thefe were four of the Bajba's Cbiaufes. They inquired for Geronymo ,
who inftantly coming out, they fahited him, after their polite Manner,
with, "You Dog ! Cuckold! Jew! Traytor ! Infidel! Why will you not
" become a True- Believer <"' To all which he returned not a '(Ingle Syl-
labi?. The Cbiaufes led him thro* the City to the faid Cattle, where the
Bafhdy accompanied by a Multitude of People, was waiting. Being
brought into' that Vice-Roy"s Prefence, he faid to Geronymo thefe Words :
* BreCupec! &c. " " Thou Dog ! Why wilt thou not be a Moor?' y
He replied: " Such will I never become, on any Account whatever. A
** Cbriftian I amj and, while I have Breath, a Chrifiian I defign to con-
" tinuc. " " Since you will not be a Muffulman, returned the Bajba,
" (pointing to the'ftace above- fpecified) I Will therein bury you alive. ''

Conltancy and refolute Peffeverance, which he termed Obftinacy, he
commanded the Chain on his Leg to be taken off, and that, bound Hand
and Foot, he ftiould be caft into the hollow Space left between the faid
Boards: Which Command was" immediately put in Execution by the four
Cbiaufes. " This was no fooner done, continues this Author, - in his
" ufual Tone of a Predicador, but a Renegado Spaniard, named Jafer,
" whofe quondam Name when a Cbtifiian was 'tamargo (captivated in
'" if f8. with Don Martin de Cordoua, when the 1 Spaniards of Oran were
,c fo miferably routed at Moftaganem) with one of thofe weighty Ram-
tC mers in his Hands, leaped down with all his Might upon the Blefled
" Martyr (who lay like a tender' Lamb,) bawling amain for the Labourers
u to fupply him with Bafkets of Earthy that ' he might follow the Dic-
" tates of his impious Zeal. " Others of his Cloth obferving how their
Camarade was employing himfelf, (furely to the Edification of the Spec-
tators) excited by the like Motives (which we may prefume were in order
to be thought good Mujulmans, and which, probably, I fay, made the
Bafia himfelf appear fo cordial in the Caufe) they leaped in after him,

? rrn ;

, u \ Look back to P. 400. &f'f..-

and

The History of Algiers. 50^

and they all began to ram with their whole Might, and a feeming Satis-
faction 5 which foon put an End to this Martyr's Suffering. I have
fometimes feen a like mock-Zeal in fome of thofe Vermincj I mean fuch
of the Renegadoes as are Pharifaically difpofed j for many are quite other-
wife inclined: Tho' what I have known has been upon Occafions far lefs
tragical j fuch as fpitting upon, and otherwife reviling Images, ftabbing
Pictures, or the like 5 as did a Scoundrel Greek I knew, to a Picture of the
Virgin Mary, taken from an Altar at Or an, when the Jlgerines took that
City from the Spaniards, in 1708. as will be farther obfevved. Not that
the Generality of the Turks have one Jot the better Opinion of them on
thofe Scores ; except the reft of their Deportment is anfwerable. As for
the faid Greek, tho* the ignorant Mobility fhouted, and were wonderfully
pleafed at his gallant Exploir, and the fcurrilous Language with which
he accompanied his cowardly Stabs, yet feveral of the better Sort, both
Turks and Moors, highly refented it, more particularly the opprobrious
Words he ufed 5 faying j <c He deferved to have his Tongue cut out. "
This en paffant. F. Haedo, after many Reflections, in his Way, adds,

That the Day is kept in the Church as a Feftivity : And that many of
the Chrifliam, emploied in that Building, entered into a Debate, whe-
ther they fhould deal away the Body and give it Chriflian Burial : But
thofe who were for attempting ir, were foon dhTuaded by fuch as faw
farther into the Mill- Stone j not only on Account of the Impracticability*
by Reafon of the many Eyes, but becaufe they were convinced, that fo
confpicuous and uncommon a Burial-Place was more worthy a Beatified
Soldier of Jesus Christ, than any other they could find. Again he
fays, that the Place, being in the Wall facing the North, is very plainly
to be diftinguiflied, by the finking in and contracting of the Matter, as
the Body wafted away. I remember a Portuguefe Bigot, one of Conful
Cole's Domeftics, would fain have perfuaded me, that he fhewed me
the very indented Piece of the Tapia: Perhaps it might} but I did not take
abundance of Notice u From this Place, concludes he, we truft in the
" Almighty's Mercy and Goodnefs, we fhall one Day be able to remove
" it, together with the Relicks of many other Saints and Martyrs of
M Christ, which Blejfed Martyrs* with their precious Blood, have con-
" fecrated that Infidel Soil 5 and that we (hall then ftation their Remains
" in fome Places more proper, more commodious, and more honourable,
" & c. " This Touch as a Specimen.

But, before we quite drop this Subject, and as we have been mention-
Vol. II. T t c ing

so6 The History of Algiers.

ing the Renegadoes, it may not be fo very improper, to introduce the
Ab [tract of a remarkable Tragedy, in which fome of thofe abandoned
Wretches were the fole Contrivers and Executioners. The Materials are bor-
rowed from Haedo. It happened in March if 64* under the Admini-
ftration of Hajfan Bafea, who, for Reafons mentioned in his Life,

fcarce durft openly difoblige them. Near the Balearic Iflands, two

Algerine Galeots took a cruifing. Brigantine, commanded by a certain no-
table Mayorquin Corfair, named Jayme Puxol, who, in that little VefTcl,
had done much Mifchief to the People of Algiers, and thofe Coafts.
Juft upon the fetting out of thefe two Galeots, it Was much talked of
at Algiers, that a certain Venetian Renegado had been lately roafted alive
by the Inquifition at Mayorca : Having been made Prifoner, together with
others of His Company, as they were giving thofe Iflanders a Call of their
Office. But, according to this Author, the Report happened to be falfe*
the faid Renegado having the good Fortune to get out of thofe mercilefs
Talons, and to make his Efcape to Algiers : Tho' that was not till fome
Time after 5 and the Story was then univerfally believed to be real Fact j
which induced all thofe of the fuppofed Sufferer's Cloth to breathe no
thing but Vengeance. As feveral of them chanced to be at the taking
the abovefaid Chrijlian Corfair, they immediately concerted among them-
felves to take their Revenge upon him, as a noted and pernicious Enemy, and
one, who tho* no Inquifitor, was yet a much-efleemed Dcnifort of the very
City, where their quondam Co-adventurer had, as they heard, died a
Martyr to the Caufe. Big with thefe pleafing Thoughts (which, when
put in Execution, they judged would be not only a Mortification, but
likewife a Terror to thofe zealous Catholics) being got home with their
Prize, they imparted the Scheme to many others of their Fraternity j
who readily coming into it, their next Step was to get the Bajba's Con-
fent. This, with fome Importunity, was obtained, and the deftined Vic-
tim conducted to the Bey lie- Bagnia ; where, with a heavy Chain on hi s
Leg, he was kept fome Months without being fuffered to approach even
the Gate. As fo much Time had palled without any farther Mention of
this Affair, which was at firffc fo hot, raoft People were of Opinion,
that the Renegadoes had cooled upon the Matter. But at the above-fpe-
cified Time, fome of the mod mifchievous again darted the Queftion,
and fo revived it, that they concluded no longer to defer the Sacrifice,
Accordingly a good Number of them repaired in a Body to the Palace,
greatly prefling the Bajha to concur with them in their former Requeft :
4 Which

The History of Algiers. 507

Which Vice-Roy, in order to content thofe well-difpofed, pious Suitors,
told them, <c They were at their Liberty to ab as they would : And that
" they might alfo pick out another of his Slaves j him, whom among
" them all they fliould find mod to their Liking. " This obliging Con-
defcention got the Bajha's Robes and Fifts moil devoutly killed by the
whole Tribe of Petitioners, who, extremely thankful and well-pleafed,
took their Leaves, and withdrew, to confult Whom elfe they (hould pitch
on to accompany Puxol in his Martyrdom. With very little Debate, the
Votes were carried againft a certain ancient Catalan Prieft, lately brought
thither, named F. Garao : Thinking thereby to render their Vengeance
the more noble and complete, by thus infulting the Catholics in the Per-
fon (of one of their mod venerable Paftors. Thus unanimoufly deter-
mined, they returned to Hajfan Bajha, who, as we obferved, Hood k \h
great Awe of the Soldiery, asking him, by their Spokelman, " What
* 6 Benefit his Excellency expected from that crooked, old Catalan Papafs,
" who was good for no one thing but the very Ufe they would put him
" to, provided he would vouchlafe to grant them his Permiflion. " His
Excellency having given the authorizing Nod, and received their grate-
ful and fefpe&ful Acknowledgments, thofe newly-commiffioned Inauifi-
tors halted away, to put in Execution their Authority upon the two In-
nocents, who little expected the bitter Cup that thofe Mifcreants were
preparing for them. At the Marine, the Anchors and Circles of Fewel
were inftantly difpofed, as k before fpecified. While this was ordering,
fome of the Tribe went to the Bagnio 5 where calling for F. Garao,
without faying a Word, thofe Deputies feized him by the Arms, and
hurried him before the Bajha 5 telling that Vice-Roy, " They had brought
" him the {linking, old Papafs they fpoke of, that his Excellency might
" fee he was actually good for nothing elfe. " They being re-aflured of
his Concurrence, leaving the aged Victim, .well-guarded, in the Court-
Yard, a Party ,of Renegadoes (this being, as hinted, an Exploit intirely
theirs) pofted again to the Bagnio, inquiring for Puxol, He coming out
immediately as imagining he was wanted to cut out or mend fome Sails
(a Bufinefs he understood, and was frequently emploied in) was laid hold
on, and without any farther Ceremony, or a Word faid to him, was
dragged away to the Palace, and thruft in to F. Garao, am id ft almoft all
the Renegadoes of Algiers, who had formed themfelves into a Ring, round

in I

* Look back to P. 487, 488.

T t t 2 which

jog The History of Algiers.

which flood others not AccefTary, but mere Spectators, crouding in fuch
Numbers, that the fpacious Court- Yard would fcarce contain the throng-
ing Jpojtates, and fuch others, as were by pure Curiofity led thither.
" The Servants of the Almighty, fays the devout F. Haedo, meek as
" Lambs among ravenous Wolves, flood furrounded by thofe Mifcre*
* ants-," who with Fury in their Eyes, over and over aflured them, that
they were, irremiflibly, to be burned alive : Asking them, again and
again i " Whether it was reafonable, or juft, for the Inauifitors of Ma-
u yore a to burn People, as they had ktely done to a Renegado ; and if
<c they imagined they had to deal with fuch as knew not how to take
" a fevere Vengeance ? " To this they failed not, inceflantly, to load
them with reproachful and opprobrious Language. All the Reply made
them, was* <c That they, for their Parts, were intirely innocent, nay,
<c utterly ignorant of the Matter. " Two Hours having been emploied
in all this, Word was brought, that " Every thing was ready. " Here-
upon Puxol's Chain was immediately knocked off; when he and his
Fellow-Sufferer were ordered to march where they fhould pay for all.
Thus, attended by prodigious Multitudes, they were urged on towards
the Marine, exprefling a lingular Devotion and mod Cbriflian Refigna-
tion j more particularly the pious Ecclefiaftic, who ceafed not from
chanting forth Pfalms and Divine Hymns, in Latin.- Which occafioned
the reviling Barbarians to ask him, fcornfullyj " ghte-dizes, Papafs?&V."
V What are you faying, Prieft . ? What Saints are you calling upon?
" Perceive you not, that they are deaf?" With abundance of fuch like.
To cut fhort this difmal Relation, they ferved them in the fame in-
human Manner, mentioned in Page 487. F. Garao, being weak thro*
Age, could not very long fupport the Torture, but finking down, was
covered over with the Remains of the Fewel, and fo burned to Afhes-
But poor PuxoJ, a Man of a ftronger Conftitution, fuffcred extremely j
the natural Fear of Pain and Death inducing him to run round the Stake,
dodging the raging Flames, from Side to Side, according to their Mo-
tions when agitated by the Wind. At length a Renegado, feemingly in
Commiferation, unperceived by any of the reft (many of whom were,
with an infernal Officioufnefe, throwing Water over him, rather to in-
creafe than afluage his Torments) took up a great Stone, and approach-
ing as near as poflible, (truck him fo effectually on the Head, that he
fell down without uttering a Syllable. The reft following the Examp l e ,
2 he

7 he History ^Algiers. 509

he was foon beat to Shatters with Showers of Stones ; infomuch, that
they were afterwards obliged to remove the Heap which quite covered
the mangled Carcafs, before it could be confumed by the re-kindled Fire.
Nor were the Chrifiian Captives, who, pioufly, would have recovered
the Remains of thofe Martyrs, fuffered to approach : But, by the impi-
ous Barbarians, they were fcattered about the Marine. However, fome
Bones were, afterwards, picked up, and privately buried without Beb-al-
Weyd-y but the Place where is not directly known. F. Garao was

about feventy 5 and Jayme Puxol fifty five.

Thofe worfe than Savages could not well have ufed even an Inquijitor,
or Familiar, with more Barbarity, than they did thofe unhappy Perfons.
But thefe Examples are not frequent 5 efpecially of late. Indeed, when
a Renegado is caught, attempting to get away, thofe of his own Cloth are,
generally, his Executioners: Nor are they very merciful ones. But we
may venture fafely to affirm, that few of them act with Motives of real
Zeal j but rather in order to fkreen themfelves from Imputations of alike
Difpofition with the unfortunate Offender 5 upon whom they vent their
Spleen and Fury, much rather on Account of his being a Bungler at his
Bufinefs, and difgracing the Cloth, by being difcovered, than for his In-
tentions : Scarce one in ten being of any Religion, or Principle, at all .
tho' fome of them have been, and are gallant Men enough, and tolerable
Moralifts. Several have the AfTurance, not even to pretend to Religion :
And it muft needs be acknowledged, that, provided their AfTurance has
any fufferable Bounds, they are ufed with abundance more Indulgence, in
thofe Matters, than are thofe of a fufpicious Extract, by the Confcience-
probing Catholics, down even to the fourteenth Generation. Of late
Years, very few Inftances of the Renegadoes Zeal, that Way, have of-
fered to View. A young Dutch-man, indeed, not long before I went to
Barbary, was half-buried, for endeavouring to efcape ; and thofe who
were mod officious in his Punilhment, were Spanijh, Italian and Portu-
guefe Renegadoes. But the poor Hollander was, originally, a rebellious
Heretic: A no fmall Inducement for Perfecution. He continued with all
his lower-Parts, to the Navel, faft rivetted in the Ground, three Day s
and two Nights, in the hotteft Seafon of the Year, and without any
Suftenance ; otherwife he was not at all molefted, except in reviling
Words. As he had not about him any Martyr's Flefh, he called fo in-
ceflantly, and with fuch feemingly- relenting Fervency, for the Prophet's

Affiftance,

5 io The History of Algiers

Afliftance, that, at length, he was begged off. But the Reprieve
came too late: For his Spirits were fo far cxhaufted, that he foon made

his Exit. >-A certain French Renegadd is, alfo, much talked of, who,

about the fame Time, got off in a French Man-of-War. Always, upon
the Appearance of any of the Gallic Monarch's Ships, even the fmalleft
Yatch, immediate Proclamation is made, that all the Slaves fhall be chain-
ed up > and then the moft-fufpected Renegadoes, likewife, are narrowly
eyed * fince, anfwerable to Stipulations, the French Captain is to fuffer
himfelf to be battered to Shivers, rather than furrender up any who feeks
Protection under the King of France's Pavilion. Whereas, it is quite
otherwife at the Arrival of our Britijh Ships of War 5 there being feveral
Inftances of Slaves being from thence returned to their Owners. Nay,
a French- Protefi ant Surgeon, belonging to the Dey, who had a Wife and
Family at London, a Perfon with whom I was very well acquainted, hav-
ing, unknown to the Captain, or fuperior Officers, been conveyed aboard
an EngUJb Man-of-War, by fome of the Equipage, was fo well conceal-
ed, that he efcaped the ftric"b Search of the Dey*s EmifTaries, and fo con-
tinued till the Ship anchored at Mayorca : When moved with a very un-
feafonable and intirely needlefs Spirit of Gratitude and Thankfulnefs, he
crauled out of his Lurking-Kole, and ran to call himfelf at the Captain's
Feet, to thank him for his Deliverance : Whereas, he ought to have
lain fnug, till thofe, who had thitherto been his faithful Concealers,
could have got him afliore, where he would certainly have been fafe.
But as he took fo wrong a Method, inftead of his expected Liberty he
found a Pair of Fetters. He fince has often faid, " That it was the leaft
" of his Thoughts, that the Captain had given the Turks his Word of
" Honour, to return with him, in cafe he was found aboard his Veffel. "
Yet that was actually the Cafe : And the Anchor being weighed that Mo-
ment, the Ship returned to Algiers. The Dey was fo pleafed with the
Captain's Punctuality, that he prefented him with a Horfe. The too-
grateful Mr. Pritchard (fo is that French Surgeon's Name, if he is (till living j
for he was afterwards ranfomed thro' the Means