A CONCISE
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HEW YORK PtIET JO
MID-MANHATTAN I!
A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF
OLD ICELANDIC
A CONCISE
DICTIONARY
OF
OLD ICELANDIC
BY
GEIR T. ZOEGA
1 1 \
FIRST MASTER IN THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF REYKJAVIK
AUTHOR OF
AN ENGLISH-ICELANDIC AND ICELANDIC-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
Oxford University Press, Ely House, London W. i
GLASGOW NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE WELLINGTON
CAPE TOWN SALISBURY IBADAN NAIROBI LUSAKA ADDIS ABABA
BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS KARACHI LAHORE DACCA
KUALA LUMPUR HONG KONG TOKYO
FIRST EDITION IQIO
REPRINTED 1926, 1942, 1952, 1961, 1965, 1967
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
PREFACE
WHILE it cannot be said that the study of Icelandic has been
neglected in Britain, there can be no doubt that it might with advantage
become much more general than it has been. There are several good
reasons why it should be so. The Scandinavian influence was the
earliest, and one of the strongest, of those outward forces which have
gone to the making of modern English, and for the proper investigation
and appreciation of this a knowledge of Icelandic is of the first impor-
tance. Not only does it supply a linguistic basis for such a study ; it is
also the source of much of the information necessary for the under-
standing of that period of British history. In itself, too, Old Icelandic
literature, both in poetry and prose, presents a wealth of interesting
material, which in some respects stands unrivalled among the literatures
of mediaeval Europe, and without which our knowledge of the ancient
North would be the merest shadow of what it is.
This important language and literature first became easily accessible
to the English student with the publication (in 1869-74) of the Icelandic
Dictionary begun by Richard Cleasby, and completed for the Clarendon
Press by Gudbrand Vigfusson. This still remains the fullest record of
Icelandic as a whole, although some portions of the older vocabulary
have been more fully dealt with in later works. For beginners, how-
ever, and for those whose interests chiefly centre in the old Icelandic
prose-writings, some more convenient and cheaper work has been greatly
needed, and the present volume is intended to supply this want. In the
main it is founded on the Oxford Dictionary, and has been compiled on
the general principle of including all those words which the ordinary
student of Icelandic is likely to meet with in the course of his reading.
With the exception of the Edda poems, the purely poetic vocabulary has
vi PREFACE
for the most part been omitted, as well as a number of compounds
occurring only in legal, theological, or technical works. The line has
not been very strictly drawn, however, and in doubtful cases insertion
has been preferred to omission, especially where space readily admitted
of this course. In the English renderings of the Icelandic words it has
usually been possible to follow the larger work, but changes have been
freely made wherever they seemed to be required. To make the precise
meaning of the word still more evident, a short phrase or sentence has
frequently been inserted after the English equivalent, and the student
will find the usefulness of these illustrations increase as his knowledge
of the language improves. The more difficult examples have been
translated, entirely or in part, especially those illustrating the idiomatic
uses of common verbs, which even in a concise dictionary must be
treated with considerable fullness.
The arrangement of the larger dictionary has on the whole been
followed, but a few changes have been introduced. The most important
of these are the insertion of genitive compounds in their alphabetical
places instead of under the simple word (e. g. alda-, aldar- on p. 7
instead of under old on p. 528), and the separation of x from eg.
Although these vowels were confused in Icelandic from an early date,
and editions of old texts printed in Iceland usually employ x only,
the distinction has much value for etymology and for the study of the
other Scandinavian tongues. The vowel e has also been distinguished
from o (for which many editions use the more original g\ but without
separation of the words containing them. In the reflexive forms of
verbs the later -st has been used instead of the early -sk ; the student
must note, however, that in many editions the intermediate -z is
employed. For purely philological purposes a different procedure
would in some points have been advisable, but the dictionary is intended
in the first place to assist in reading the Icelandic sagas as they appear
in the most accessible editions.
For the convenience of beginners the tables of declensions and con-
jugations, and the lists of irregular forms, are reprinted (with some
PREFACE vii
alterations and corrections) from the ' Outlines of Grammar ' given in
the larger work. A table of irregular verbs is unnecessary, as the con-
jugation of these is fully given in the dictionary itself.
For the original suggestion which led to my undertaking this work
I am indebted to Dr. W. A. Craigie, Taylorian Lecturer in the Scandi-
navian Languages in Oxford, and one of the foremost scholars in both
ancient and modern Icelandic. Dr. Craigie has, moreover, revised the
whole of the manuscript and proofs, and by doing so has helped con-
siderably towards greater exactness in the renderings and correctness in
the English. Although it is too much to expect that in a work of this
nature all errors and omissions have been avoided, I trust that those
which exist may prove to be of a minor character, and that the
dictionary as a whole may help to bring about a wider interest in the
language and literature of my native country.
REYKJAVI'K,
March, 1910.
ICELANDIC DICTIONARY
a, a negative suffix to verbs, not ;
era umakligt, at it is not unmeet that.
abbadis ipl. -ar), f. abbess.
abbast (a5 ( . v. re. to be angry, to
quarrel (a. vi3 e-n, upp . e-n).
abbindi ( = afbindi), n. constipation.
aSal, n. nature, disposition.
aftal-, in compels., chief, head, -prin-
cipal', -akkeri, n. sheet-anchor', -bol,
n. manor ; -borinn, pp. of noble birth,
= 6dai-borinn ; -festr, f. see alads-
festr ; -fylking, f. the main body of
troops, centre ; -haf, n. the high sea ;
-henda, f. = alhenda ; -bending, f.
full or perfect rhyme, as god : bloft
(opposed to ' skothending') ; -hendr,
a. (verse) with perfect rhymes ; -kelda,
f. chief well; -kirkja, f. chief part of
a church, opp. to ' forkirkja' ; -liga,
adv. completely, quite ; -merki, n.
chief banner ; -ritning, f. chief writ-
ing; -skali, m. the main hall, opp. to
' forskali, forhus ' ; -tr6, n. trunk of
a tree ; -troll, n. downright ogre ;
-tulkr, m. chief spokesman.
aftild, f. chief defendantship or pro-
secutorship.
a(5ildarma(5r, m. = a6ili.
aftili (-ja, -jar, later -a, -ar), m.
chief defendant ( varnarafiili) or pro-
secutor (soknaradili, sakaraSili).
af, prep. w. dat. I. Oi place : (i) off,
from ; G. hljop af hesti sinum, G. jump-
ed off his horse; ganga af motinu, to go
away from the meeting; Flosi kastaSi
af se'r skikkjunni, threw off his cloak ;
Gizzur gekk af utsuQri at gerdinu.
from the south-west; hann haiSi leyst
af ser skua sma, he had taken off his
shoes; Steinarr vildi slita hann af ser,
throw him off; tok Gisli pa" af ser
vdpnin, took off his arms; bref af
Magnusi konungi, a letter from king
M. ; land af landi, from one land to
the other; hverr af 65rum, one after
1CEL. DICT
another, in succession ; vil ek pu vinnir
af per skuldma, work off the debt ;
muntu enga sastt af me'r la", no peace
at my hand; risa af dauda, to rise
from the dead; vakna af draumi, to
awaken fro?n a dream ; luka upp af
hrossi, to open agate from off a horse;
vindr st68 af landi, the wind blew from
the land; (2) out of; verfla tekinn af
heimi, to be taken out of the world ;
gruflar hon af laeknum, she scrambles
out of the brook; Otradalr var mjok
af vegi,yizr out of the ii ay. Connected
with ut ; fostudaginn for ut herrinn af
borginni, marched out of the town. II.
Of time ; past, beyond: af omaga-aldri,
able to support oneself, of age ; ek em
nu af le'ttasta skeifii, no longer in the
prime of life ; pa" er sjau vikur eru af
sumri, when seven weeks of summer are
past; var mikit af nott, much of the
night was past. III. In various
other relations: (i) pi^gja 16 af e-m,
to receive help from one ; hafa umbod
af e-m, to be another's deputy ; vera
gods (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve
good (bad) of one ; feil par lid mart af
Eyvindi, many of Eyvind's men fell
there ; pa" eru peir utlagirok af goSordi
sfnu, have forfeited their ' go<5or6 ' ;
pd skalt pu af allri fjdrheimtunni,^^
ftit all the claim ; ek skal stefna per
af konunni, summon thee to give up ;
(2) off, of; hoggva fot, hond, af e-m,
to cut off one's foot, hand; vil ek, at
pu takir slfkt sem per li'karaf varningi,
whatever you like of the stores; par
Id. forkr einn ok brotit af endanum,
with the point broken off; absol., beit
hann hondina af, bit the hand off;
fauk af hofudit, the head flew off;
(3) f> among ; hinn efniiigasti maSr
af ungum monnum, the most promis-
ing oj the young men ; (4) with ;
hla5a (ferma) skip af e-u, to load
B
AFAR
F2]
AF-FLYTJA
(freight} a ship with ; fylla heiminn
af smu kyni, to Jill the world with his
offspring', (5) of(=6r which is more
frequent) ; husit var gert af timbr
stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;
(>}fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum
er orQit, what has become of him ;
hvat hefir J>u gert af Gunnari, what
hast thou done with Gunnar? ; (7)
denoting parentage, descent, origin ;
ok eru af f>eim komnir Gilsbekkingar,
are descended from them ; kominn
af Trojumonnum, descended from the
Trojans; (8) by, of (after passive);
ek em sendr hingat af StarkaSi, sent
hither by S. ; dstsasllaf landsmonnum,
beloved of ; (9) on accoimt of, by reason
of, by ; ubygQr af frosti ok kulda, be-
cause of frost and cold', omdli af d-
verkum, speechless from wounds ; af
dstsaeld hans, by his popularity, af
l>vf, therefore ; af hvf, wherefore, why ;
af f>vi at, because; (10) by means of,
by ; framfcera e-n af verkum sfnum,
by means of his own labour ; af smu
fe", by one^s own means ; absol., hann
fekk af hina mestu scemd, derived
great honour from it; (u) with ad-
jectives, in regard to ; rnildr af fe',
liberal of money ; g65r af gridum,
merciful ; fastr af drykk, close (stingy]
in regard to drink ; (12) used absol.
with a verb, off, away ; hann bad
hann J)d roa af fjorSinn, to row the
firth off\ ok er J>eir hofSu af fj6r6ung,
when they had covered one fourth of
the way ; sofa af nottina, to sleep the
night away.
afar, adv., used as an intensive be-
fore an adj. or another adv., very,
exceedingly (a. auSigr, a. breiSr, a. vel,
a. ilia).
afarkoata-laust, adv. on fair terms.
afar-kostr, m. hard terms ; -ligr,
a. immense, tmge; -menni, n. an
outstanding man ; -or ft, n. overbear-
ing word ; -uftigr, a. overbeari?ig ;
-yrfti, n. pi. proud speech.
af-aut5it, pp. n., e-m ver5r afauflit
um e-t, one has bad luck (fails) in a
thing; -blomga (ac5), v. to deprive of
flowers ; fig., afblomga frsego e-s, to
detract from one's fame ; -bo 5, n.
threats, higfi woras ; -bragcS, n. para-
gon (afbragd annarra manna) ; in
genitive, as a prefix to nouns, siir-
passing, excellent (afbragds vaenleikr,
afbragds maflr).
afbragtSligr, a. surpassing.
af-brig(S, n. deviation, transgression.
afbrigSar-tr6, n. tree of transgres-
sion.
af-brigSi, n. (i) alteration ; (2) =
-brigcS ; -brot, n. offence, transgression ;
-brugSning, f. deviation ; -bruftigr,
a. jealous ; -bryfta (-dda, -ddr), v. to
be jealous; -bry(5i, T\. jealousy.
afburSar, gen. from 'afburoV, used
as an intensive before adjectives and
adverbs, very, exceedingly (a. digr, a.
vaenn, a. sterkliga, a. vel).
afburSar-macSr, m. man of mark ;
-samr, a. given to distinguish one-
self; -skip, n. first-rate ship.
af-burtSr, m. superiority ; kva5 hon-
um eigi annat vaenna til afburdar, to
get the better of it; ok vilda ek, at
hon yr5i eigi me6 minnum afburdum,
less glorious; -dalr, m. a remote, an
out-of-the-way, valley ; -deilingr, m.
part, portion, share; -drattr, m. (i)
diminution, deduction ; (2) subtrac-
tion ; -drif, n. pi. destiny, fate (likligr
til storra afdrifa) ; -drykkja, f.=
ofdrykkja; -dcema (-da, -dr), v. (i)
to take away from one by judicial
decision (afdrema e-n e-u) ; (2) to
prohibit ; -eggja (a5), v. to dissuade;
-eigna (aft), v. to dispossess (afeigna
e-m e-t) ; -eista (aft), v. to castrate ;
-erfa (-<5a, -ftr), v. to disinherit ;
-eyringr, m. one whose ears have been
cut off; -fall, n. diminution, abate-
ment ; selja e-t med affollurn, to sell
at a discount.
affara-, gen. pi. from ' afifor ', depar-
ture ; hence afiara-dagr, m. the last
day of a feast ; -dagr jola, Twelfth
-night; affara-kveld, n. the last
evening of a feast.
af-feftrast (aft), v. to degenerate ;
-ferma (-da, -dr), v. to unload (af-
ferma skip) ; -fletta (-tta, -ttr), v. to
strip (affletta e-n e-u) ; -flutningr,
m. (i) depreciation; (2} dissuasion;
-flytja (see flytja), v. (i) to disparage
AF-FCEKA
[3]
AFIiA-STUN
(afflytja fyrir e-m) ; (2) to represent
as unadvisable ; -foera, v. to misre~
present '; -gamall, a. very old, de-
crepit; -ganga, f. (i) digression; (2)
deviation from the right course (af-
ganga guOs laga) ; -gangr, m. (i)
surplus ; hafa hey me6 afgongum, to
spare ; afgangs, left over, remaining ;
(2) decease, death ; -gelja, f. chatter-
ing ; -gipt, f. indulgence, absolution.
afgiptar-br6f, n. letter of indulgence.
af-gjarn, a. eager to be off (afgjarnt
er ofundarfe') ; -gjof, f. tribute ; -glapa
(a$), v. to disturb an assembly or
public meeting ; -glapan, f. distur-
bance flings afglapan) ; -glapi, m.fool,
simpleton ; -greizla, f. payment, con-
tribution.
afgongu-dagr, m. = affara- dagr.
af-gpra (-fta, -ftr), v. to do amiss, do
wrong (ek hefi engan hlut afgjzfrt vi6
pik) ; -g0rcS, f. transgression, offence ;
-hallr, a. having a downward slope ;
-haugr, m. side-mound; -hef(5, f.
withholding another 1 s property ; -helg-
ast (at5), v. refl. to become unholy, to
be profaned ; -hellir, m. side-cave ;
-henda (-nda, -ndr), v. (i) to hand
over ; (2) to pay (afhenda skuld) ;
-hendis, adv. off one* s hand \ -hendr,
a. out of one's hand; segja e-n (ser)
afhendan, to give one up ; -hent, a. n.
unfit (e-m er e-t afhent) ; -heyrandi,
pr. p. out of hearing, absent, opp. to
' dheyrandi ' ; -heyris, adv. out of hear-
ing, opp. to ' dheyris ' ; -hlaup, n. sur-
plus ; -hlutr, m. share of a thing;
-hlyftast (-dd), v. refl. to disobey ;
-hrapi, m. impoverishment ; -hroS,
n. damage, loss ; gjalda mikit af hro5,
to sustain a heavy loss ; gera mikit
afhro5, to make great havoc ; -huga,
a. indecl. having turned one's mind
from ; verda afhuga e-u, to mind no
more ; -hugacSr, a. = -huga (-hugadr
vi6 e-t) ; -hugast (atS), v. refl. to put
out of one's mind, with dat. ; -hus, n.
outho^tse, side-apartment ; -hvarf, n.
deviation from the direct path (opp.
to ' gagnvegr ') ; -hyfta (-dda, -ddr),
v. to scourge thoroughly ; -hylja
(see hylja), v. to uncover ; -hyrning,
f. by-corner, recess ; -hsera (-5a, -t5r),
v. to cut off the hair; -hoftSa (a5), v.
to behead; -hogg, n. hewing off, muti-
lation ; chippings.
afi, m. (i) grandfather; (2) man\
a. eptir afa, in regular descent.
af-kaup, n. bad bargain (opp. to
' hagkeypi ').
af-karr, a. strange, prodigious.
afkleyfis-or6, n., -samstafa, f. a
superfluous word, syllable (in a verse).
af-klasSa (-dda, -ddr), v. to undress ;
refl., afklaeSast, to undress oneself;
-komandi (pi. -endr), m. descendant ';
-kvistr, m. lateral branch, offshoot;
-kvaemi, n. offspring.
afkva9mis-ma5r, m. descendant.
af-kyrjjac5r, pp. degenerate ; -kyn-
jast (a5), v. refl. to degenerate.
afl, m. hearth of a forge.
afl, n. (i) physical strength (ramr,
styrkr, at afli) ; (2) force, violence ;
taka med afli, by force; (3) plurality
of votes, majority ; ok skal afl ra"6a,
the majority shall decide ; (4) virtue,
inherent power; a. daudfcerandi grasa,
the virtue of poisonous herbs.
afla (a<5), v. to gain, earn, procure
(a. e-m e-s) ; a. ser fjdr ok frama, to
earn fame and wealth ; aflaSi f>essi
bardagi honuin mikillar fraegdar,
brought him great fame; (2) with
ace., to earn (aflaoi hann J)ar fe
mikit) ; refl., e-m aflast e-t, one gains
a thing; (3) with dat., to perform,
accomplish (hann afladi bra"tt mikilli
vinnu) ; with infin., to be able (ekki
aflar hann >vf at standa i moti y6ur).
afla- far, a. short of strength ; e-m
verdr afla-fdtt, one fails in strength.
aflag, n. ( i ) slaughtering of cattle ;
(2) gen., aflags = afgangs, left over.
af-laga, adv. unlawfully ; -lagliga,
adv. =aflaga.
afla-litill, a. deficient in strength,
weak ; -ma(5r, m. powerful man ;
-mikill, a. (i) strong; (2) powerful;
-munr, m. odds ; etja vi5 -muninn,
to fight against odds.
aflan, f. gain, acquisition.
aflanar-matSr, m. good steward.
afla-skortr, m. short-coming in
power or strength \ -stund, i. fishing-
season.
AF-LATTSN
[4]
AFBEKS-MABR
af-lausn, f. (l) discharge (release)
from claim or obligation ; (2) absolu-
tion^ indulgence (aflausn synda) ;
-lat, n. (i) leaving off, relinquishing
(afldt synda, misverka) ; n afldti,
incessantly^ (2) remission, pardon
(afldt misgerninga, synda) ; -lata
(see lata), v. with infin. to cease ;
-leggja (see leggja), v. (l) to put
aside ; (2) to give up, abandon ;
-lei<5ing, f. (l) terms ; goSar afleiSing-
ar eru me5 >eim, they are on good
terms', (2) metric., continuation-,
-lei<5ingr, m. = afleiSing (i); {>eir
skildu g66an afleiSing, they parted on
friendly terms; -leiftis, adv. (i) out
of the right path or course (sigla
afleiSis) ; (2) fig., ganga aflei6is, to go
astray ; snua (draga, fcera) e-t aflei&s,
to pervert, misrepresent (]DU fcerdir ord
peirra afleiSis) ; snua e-m afleiSis, to
lead astray ; -leifar, f. pi. leavings,
remnants ; -leitinn, a. of odd appear-
ance ; -leitliga, adv. perversely (ilia
ok afleitliga) ; -leitligr, a. perverse,
deformed', -leitr, a. (i) strange,
hideous, disgusting (hversu afleitir
oss synast peirra hasttir) ; (2) with
dat., deserted by ; afleitr hamingjunni,
luckless ; -lendis, adv. abroad ( =
erlendis) ; -lendr, a. far from land,
in open sea ; -letja (see letja), v. to
dissuade from (afletja e-n at gera e-t,
afletja e-t fyrir ser) ; -16tta (-tta, -tt),
v. to cease ; cf. letta af ; -16ttr, a.
prompt, ready.
afl-fatt, a. n. short of strength ; e-m
verSr -fatt, one fails in strength.
afl-grof, f. forge-pit ; -hella, f.
hearth-stone in a forge.
afli, m. (i) means, gain, earnings,
proceeds (afli ok herfang) ; (2) might,
power ; hafa afla til einskis, to have
means for not king, be iinable to do
anything; (3) troops, forces ; {)eir
draga aria at y<3ur, they gather forces
against you ; arlinn (the main body)
Magnuss konungs fiySi allr.
af-lima (a5), v. to dismember, muti-
late ; -lima, a. indecl. ( i ) dismembered^
mutilated; ( 2) fig., verSa aflima, to lose
the use of one's limbs, to become para-
lysed ; (3)
from (ek kve6 aflima
-liman, f. dismembering, mutilation.
afl-lauss,a. nerveless,iveak; palsied,
paralytic ; -leysi, n. weakness, nerve-
lessness ; -litill, a. weak, feeble ;
-mikill, a. strong, of great strength.
af-lofa (at5), v. to prohibit ; -loka
(a$), v. to open (afloka hurSina).
afl-raun, f. trial (proof) of strength
(f>6tti {>etta mikil -raun) ; pi. bodily-
exercises (Skallagrfmr hendi mikit
gaman at -raunumokleikum); -skortr,
m. lack of strength (ekki var6 mer
-skortr vio J)ik fyrrum).
afls-mat5r, m. strong man ; -nmnr,
m. difference in strength, odds.
afl-vani, a. deficient in strength ;
verda afl-vani, to succumb, be over-
powered.
afl-v6<5vi, m. the biceps muscle.
af-16gliga, adv. unlawfully ; -log-
ligr, a. unlawful, contrary to law ;
-ma (see ma), v. to blot out, destroy ;
-mo3<5ra (aS), v. to wean ; -nam, n.
(1) tak'ng away, extirpation, de-
struction; (2)atafndmi, by reservation
(before division of property, spoil, or
inheritance) ; (3) loss (ef hann verdr
at skaSa peim monnum, er oss mun
pykkja afnam i) ; (4) surplus.
afnams-fe, n., -gripr, m. goods, an
article of value, taken before a divi-
sion ; cf. afndm (2).
af-nefjaSr, pp. having the nose cut
off, noseless ; -neita (a(5 or -tta, -tt),
v. (i) to r.?;/0zm^(afneitaver61dinni) ;
(2) deny, refuse (eigi vil ek J)vi afneita);
-neitan, -neiting, f. abnegation, re-
nunciation, detrial; -neyzla, f. use
(afneyzla skogarins) ; -nita (-tta, -tt),
v.= -neita.
afr, m. some kind of beverage.
af-raS, n. payment ; gjalda afra"c5, to
pay heavily, suffer severely.
af-rei5, f. setting off on horseback.
af-reizla, f. outlay, payment.
af-iek, n. great achievement, deed
of prowess (vinna afrek ; margir
lofuSu mjok afrek Egils).
af-reka iac5), v. to achieve, perform
(munu per mikit afreka).
afreks-gripr, m. a thing of great
value ; -maSr, m. a valiant man, hero ;
AFREKS-VERK
[5]
AF-VALDB
afreks-verk, n. valiant deed, great
achievement, exploit.
af-remma, f. restriction , encum-
brance.
afrendi, f. strength, valour; afrendr,
a. strong (a. at afli) ; cf. afr-hendr.
ai-r6tt, f. common pasture, = af-rettr.
afrettar-domr, m. a court held for
deciding causes concerning common
pasture ; -menn, m. pi. partners in
common pasture.
af-r6ttr, m. common pasture (J)at er
afrettr, er tveir menn eigo saman efla
fleiri).
afr-hendr, a. strong, afrendr.
af-roS, n. = afhroo, afrad ; -rog, n.
justification, excuse ; -rutSningr, m.
clearing off, defence ; -runr (pi. -ir),
m. injury, wrong ; -reek j a (-ta, -tr), v.
to neglect. urcekja (afroekja bod e-s);
refl., at'roekjast e-u or e-t, to neglect ;
to leave off (konungar afroektust at
sitja at Uppsolum) ; -saka (aft), v.
to excuse, exculpate; -sakan, f. excuse,
exculpation ; -sanna (aS), v. to prove
to be false, refute ; -segja (see segja),
v. (i) to resign, renounce (afsagSi
hann ser heiminn); (2) to refuse, deny
(peir afsogSu leidangr uti at hafa) ;
-setning, f. deposition ; -sit5a,a. indecl.
immoral; -sifja (atS), v. to alienate
from one's family (afsifja ser e-t) ;
-sic5a, adv. aside, apart ; -skapligr,
a. monstrous, huge, shocking (afskap-
ligt afelli) ; -skeifos, adv. out of the
right path, astray, = 3.ftz\&\s, afvegis ;
-skipan, f. dismissal, deposition ;
-skipta, a. indecl. wronged, cheated;
vera gorr afskipta, to be wronged.
afbk.'pta-lauss, a. having nothing
to do with (gera se"r -laust vid e-n) ;
-litill, a. caring little about (um e-t) ;
-samr, a. =afskiptinn.
af-skipti, n. pi. dealings (with),
intercourse (ok engi afskipti veita
heiQnum go6um) ; -skiptinn, a.
meddlesome ; -Bkiptr, pp. ( I ) wronged,
cheated; (2) afskiptr af e-u, void of,
having no interest in ; -skramligr, a.
hideous, monstrous (afskramligt ill-
virki) ; -skrsemiliga, adv. hideously;
dttast afskraemiliga to be scared at ;
-skurfcr, m. cutting ojf\ -skyld, f.
obligation, encumbrance ; -sliftra (aft),
v. to unsheath ; -smekkr, m. taste ;
-snic5, n. a bit cut off, snip ; -sniftning,
f. cutting or snipping off.
afsniftningar-jarn, n. chopper.
af-sni(5is, adv. obliquely, aslant
(afsnfdis um handlegginn) ; -spraki,
m. rumour, news; -spring!, n. (i)
offspring, progeny; (2) produce
(growth] of the earth ; -springr, m.
(i) = -spring!; (2) band, detachment;
(3) fig. offshoot (er mikil van, at par
verfii nokkur afspringr af pessum
6fri8i) ; (4) rumour, notice (fanokkurn
afspring um e-t) ; -spurn, f. news,
information ; -standa (see Btanda),
v. to cede, part with ; -stigr, m. by-
path ; -stuka, f. side-nook, side-room ;
-styrmi, n. manikin, pigmy ; -svar,
n. refusal; veita e-u afsvor, to refuse,
deny ; -svara (at5), v. to deny, refuse
(afsvara e-u or um e-t) ; -sveipa (aS),
v. to uncover (afsveipa likit) ; -sviptr,
pp. deprived of ; afsviptr pinni asjonu,
cut off from thy countenance ; -synis,
adv. out of sight; -seell, a. unfor-
tunate, luckless.
af- tak, n . ( I ) taking away ; (2) slay-
ing, manslaughter ; hvat hann vildi
bjoQa fyrir aftak Geirsteins, for the
slaying of G. ; -tak a, f. (i) taking
away, loss ; (2) slaying, = aftak (hann
hafSi verit at aftoku >orkels fostra).
aftaka-matSr, m. a determined per-
son (-ma8r um e-t) ; -minni, a. corn-
par. less stubborn, more pliable.
af-tekja, f. revenue (abu5 ok aftekja
stadanna) ; -tekning, i. taking away;
-tekt, f. (i) = aftekja ; (2) = aftak 2 ;
-telja (see telja), v. to represent as
unadvisable, dissuade (aftelja e-t fyrir
e-m) ; -tigna (aft), v. to strip of dignity
or honotir ; -trua, f. unbelief, heresy ;
-triia (aS), v. to make one abandon
his religious faith; refl., aftruast, to
fall into unbelief; -tcekiligr, a. advis-
able ; -tcekr, a. blameworthy (at fatt
muni vera aftcekt um skapsmuni
y6ra) ; -tcema (-da, -dr), v. to empty ;
refl., aftcemast, to be emptied or cleared
afusa, f. gratitude ; see ' aufusa *.
af-valdr, a. vera afvaldr e-u or e-s,
AF-VEGA
[6]
AKR-KAL
to be the cause of a thing ; -vega, adv.
out of the right way, astray ; -vegaSr,
pp. led astray, misled ; -vegar, -vegis,
adv.= -vega ; -velta, a. indecl. fallen
on the back and unable to rise ; -vensla,
f. expenses, outlay ; -vik, n. creek,
recess ; -vinna, f. = afvensla.
af-vir5a (-rc5a, -r$r), v. (i) to dis-
grace, dishonour (afvirda naunga
sinn) ; afvirQa fyrir e-m, to throw a slur
on one ; (2) to detest, abhor (afvirSa
6da"dirnar) ; refl., afvirSast, to think it
unworthy of oneself, with infin.
afvirSiligr, a. detestable, mean.
af-vir(5ing, f. disparagement, de-
preciation ; -vfienn, a. unexpected, =
uvasnn ; -voxtr, m. decrease, loss, opp.
to 'a" voxtr'.
af-pokka (ac5), v. to disparage, dis-
credit, to bring into discredit (afpokka
fyrir e-m); refl., afpokkast e-m, to
displease ; -{>okkan, f. ( i ) disparage-
ment; (^displeasure, dislike; -pvattr,
m. washing off, ablution ; -pya
(-dda, -ddr), v. = afvirda, afpokka ;
-aata, f. a great bully.
aga, v. impers., nu agir vid, now
there is a great uproar.
aga-lauss, a. ( i ) free from distur-
bances (var nu allt kyrt ok agalaust) ;
(2) unpunished ; -samligr, a. unruly ;
-samr, a. turbulent ; agasamt mun p
ver5a i heradinu, ef, there will be up-
roar in the district, if.
agi, m. (i) awe, terror (pa" skelfr
jb'rS oil f aga miklum) ; (2) uproar,
turbulence (a. ok ufri<3r) ; (3) dis-
cipline, constraint.
agn, n. bait ; ganga d agnit, to
nibble the bait ; -sax, n. a knife for
cutting bait ; -or, f. barb of a fish-
hook.
aka (ek, 6k, okum, ekinn), v. (i)
to drive (a vehicle or animal draw-
ing a vehicle), with dat. : gott er
heilum vagni heim at a., it is good to
get home safe and sound ; a. prennum
eykjum, with three yoke of horses ;
(2) to carry or convey in a vehicle, to
cart, with dat. or ace. (hann 6k
heyjum smum a" yxnum : hann 6k
skarni & hola) ; a. saman hey, to cart
hay ; likin vdru ekin f sletfa, carried
in a sledge', (3) with the prep, f or a" ;
Freyr 6k i kerru me5 gelti ; ri5r f>.
hesti peim, er hann haf6i ekit a;
(4) absol., to drive in a vehicle (f6ru
peir i sledann ok oku alia nottina) ;
with ace. of the road (6ku urgar
brautir) ; (5) naut., to trim the sail
(a. seglum at endilongum skipum) ;
(6) to remove, with dat. ; 6k hann af
ser f jotrinum, worked it off by rubbing ;
6k Oddr ser par at, worked himself
thither (of a fettered prisoner) ; a. e-m
a" bug or a. bug a" e-n, to make one give
way, repel; intrans. = akast, to move
slowly; hvdrrgi 6k (gave way) fyrir
66rum ; a. undan, to retire, retreat ;
(7) impers., hart ekr at e-m, one is in
great straits ; ekr nu mjok at, / am
hard pressed; e-m verSr nserekit, one
gets into straits, is hard pressed; refl.,
e-m ekst e-t f tauma, one is thwarted
in a thing.
akarn, n. acorn.
ak-braut, f. carriage-road ; -fceri, n.
driving gear, carriage and harness.
akkeri, n. anchor; liggja um akkeri,
to lie at anchor; leggjast um a., to
cast anchor ; heimta upp a., to weigh
anchor ; a. hrifr vi3, the anchor holds,
akkeris-fleinn, m. fluke of an
anchor ; -lauss, a. without anchor ;
-leggr, m. shank of an anchor ;
-laegi, n. anchorage; -sat, f.=-lasgi;
-stokkr, m. anchor-stock; -strengr,
m. anchor-rope, cable; -sseti, n.=
-sat.
akr (gen. akrs, pi. akrar), m. (i)
field, corn-field (bleikir akrar en
slegin tun) : (2) crop (peirhoffiu ni6r-
brotit akra hans alia).
akra-avoxtr, m. produce of the
fields ; -gerc)i, n. enclosure of arable
land; -merki, n. field-boundary ;
-skipti, n. parcelling out of fields ;
-spillir, m. destroyer of fields.
akr-dai,m. akindofweedig^o^is) ;
-deili, n. patch of arable land ; -for,
f. plough-Jurrow; -gerS, f. agri-
culture.
akrgerftar-maSr, m. htisbandman.
akr-gerfti, n. enclosure of arable
land; -haena, f. quail; -karl, m.
ploughman, reaper; -kal, n. potherbs;
AKR-KVfSL
-kvlsl, f. dung-fork, = mykikvfsl ;
-land, n. arable land; -lengd, f. a
fields length (sva" at akrlengd var f
millum beirra) ; -lykkja, f. = -gerdi ;
-ma(5r, m. = -karl, akrgerQarmadr.
akrplogs-macSr, m. ploughman.
akr-rein, f. strip of arable land;
-skipti.n. division of afield; -skurtSr,
m. reaping.
akrskurSar-maftr, m. reaper.
akr-sura, f. field-sorrel ; -tiund, f.
tithe paid on arable land; -verft, n.
price of a corn-field; -verk, field-
work, harvest-work.
akrverks-maftr, m. husbandman ;
tiller of the ground.
akta (at5), v. (i) to number, tax,
value (a. folkit, a. visaeyri konungs) ;
(2) to examine, search into (aktid ber
ok 611 leyni bau, er hann ma" felast) ;
(3) to devote attention to, to study
(a. ymisligar ibrottir, bokligar listir) ;
(4) to procure (a. pa" hluti er hinum
sjuka henta) ; a. e-t inn, to furnish,
supply ; ( 5 ) to debate, discuss in parlia-
ment (nu sem f>etta var aktat, gengu
menn til logrettu).
ak-tamr, a. tame under the yoke
(griSungr -tamr) ; -taumr, m. esp. in
pi. aktaumar, braces (straps] of a sail
(cf. aka segli) ; >6rarinn hafSi -taum-
ana um herdar seV, had the braces
round his shoulders ; sitja f -taumum,
to manage the sail; fig., to have the
whole management of a thing.
ala (el, 61, olum, alinn), v. (i) to
beget ; born olu bau, they begat chil-
dren ; born JDau, er hann elr vi6 J)eirri
konu, begets by that woman ; (2} to
bear, give birth to (f>6ra 61 barn um
sumarit) ; born bau oil, er alin eru
fyrir jol, who are born before Christ-
mas ; alnir ok ualnir (= ubornir), born
and unborn, present and future gene-
rations ; (3) to bring up (children) ;
ala skal barn hvert er borit verdr,
every child that is born shall be
brought tip ; adding the particle
'upp'; skal eigi upp ala, heldr lit
bera barn >etta, this child shall not
be brought up, but be exposed to
perish ; of animals, to rear, breed
(einn smdsaud, er hann 61 heima i
AIiDAR-fcOPTI
husi sfnu) ; (4) to give food to, har-
hour, entertain (a. gest ok ganganda) ;
gu6 elr gesti, God pays for the guests ;
(5) fig. in various phrases; a. aldr, a.
aldr sinn, to pass one's days ; a. sut,
to grieve, mourn ( = sy ta) ; a. onn of
e-t or at e-u, to take care of, see to ;
a. e-t eptir t-m, to give one encourage-
ment in a thing (61 hann eptir engum
monnum 6da3ir) ; a. a" ma\, to press or
urge a matter (nu elr Gunnarr d malit
vio f'orS ok segir).
alafts-festr, f. the last ounce (eyrir)
of the sum * fjorbaugr ' to be paid by
a convict in the Court of Execution.
al-aut$n, f. total devastation; -auftr,
a. altogether waste ; -bata, a. indecl.
completely cured, quite well; -berr,
a. (i) quite bare, stark-naked; (2)
manifest; -biiinn, pp. bitten all over;
-bjartr, a. quite bright, brilliant ;
-blindr, a. stone-blind', -blotSugr, a.
bloody all over ; -breitSr, a. of the full
breadth (albreitt lerept) ; -brotinn, pp.
quite broken, shattered; -brynjaor,
pp. cased in mail; -bua (see bua), v.
to fit out, furnish or equip completely
(albua kirkju) ; -buinn, pp. (i) com-
pletely equipped (ok er Bjorn var
albuinn ok byrr rann a) ; (2) albuinn
e-s, at gera e-t, quite ready (willing}
to do a thing; -bygftr, pp. com-
pletely inhabited; at albygfiu landi,
after the colonization was finished.
alda, f. a heavy (swelling) wave,
a roller.
alda, gen. pi. of ' old '.
aldafars-bok, f. = De Ratione Tern-
porum, a work by Bede (svd segir
heilagr Beda i -bok beirri, er hann
gerSi um landaskipan f heiminum).
alda-mot, n. pi. the meeting of two
(lunar] cycles, change of cycles.
aldar, gen. sing, of ' old '.
aldar-eSli, n. everlasting possession
(at -edli) ; -faftir, m.patriarch ; -far,
n. spirit or manners of the age ; -mal,
n. temcrefor life ; -menn, m. pi., hinir
fyrstu -menn varir, our first ancestors ;
-rof, n. end of ages ; -rog, n. strife of
men ; -tal, n. age (gamall at -tali) ;
-trygcar, f. pi. everlasting truce;
bopti, m. = aldavinr.
ALDA-SKIPTI
[8]
AL-G6BR
alda-skipti, n. change of time ; -tal,
n. (i) chronology ; (2) computation of
time (by the various chronological
cycles).
al-daufta, a. indecl. dead and gone,
extinct (eptir dauSa Haralds var
aldau5a hin forna aett Danakonunga) ;
aldauSa arfr, inheritance to which
there is no heir alive.
alda-vinr, m. old, trusty friend.
aldin, n. tree-fruit (nuts, acorns,
apples) ; fig., blezat se' a. kvidar Jnns,
the fruit of thy womb.
aldin-berandi, pr. p. bearing fruit '.
aldin-falda, a. indecl. wearing an
old-fashioned head-dress.
aldin-garSr, m. garden, orchard.
aldini, n. = aldin.
aldin-lauss, a. bearing no frttit
(-laust tre").
aldinn, a. old (inn aldni jotunn).
aldin-skogr, m. wood of fruit-trees ;
tr6, n. fruit-tree ; -vic5r, m. fruit-
bearing trees.
aldr (gen. aldrs), m. (i) age, life-
time ; sautja"n vetra at aldri, seventeen
years of age ; ungr at aldri, young ; d.
ungum aldri, in (one's] youth ; d gam-
als aldri, in (one's) old age ; hniginn
at aldri, in the decline of life ; hnig-
inn a efra aldr, stricken in years ; d
Idttasta aldri. in the prime of life ;
lifa langan aldr, to enjoy a long life ;
nema, raena e-n aldri, to take one's
life', tyna (slita) aldri, to lose one's
life ; (2) old age ; vera vi6 a., to be up
in years ; aldri farinn or orpinn, -very
old", (3) long period, age (eptir marga
vetr ok mikinn a.) ; allan a. through
all time, always ; of a., um a. (ok cefi),
for ever and ever ; after a negation,
ever (J)vflika gersemi hofum ver eigi
set um a.) ; hverr um a. var svd. djarfr,
who ever was so bold ?
aldra(5r, a. elderly (oldruS kona).
aldr-dagar, m. pi., um -daga, for
ever and ever ( = um aldr) ; -frernd,
f. everlasting honour.
aldri, adv. (i) never (a. skal ek
hedan ganga fyrr en hann riss upp) ;
(2) ever, after a preceding negative or
a comparative (er nil 0rvaent at ver
munum a. fd dyr skotit) ; gerflu
verra en aldri fyrr, worse than ever
before.
aldrigi (aldri-gi, dat. of aldr with
the negative suffix -gi), adv.= aldri.
aldr-lag, n. (i) one's appointed lot
or fortune, destiny ; (2) end of life,
death ; verfla e-m at -lagi, to bring one
to his end.
aldr-lok, n. pi. end of life, death ;
-mail, m. tenure for life', -nari, m.
poet, name of fire ; -runar, f. pi.
life-runes, charms for preserving life ;
-sattr, a. on terms of peace for ever ;
-slit, n. pi. end of life, death (til -slita).
aldrs-munr, m. difference in years.
aldr-stauir, a. fey, doomed to lieath ;
-till, m. loss of life, death ; -tjon, n.
loss of life ; -tregi, m. life-long sor-
row.
ald-rcenn, a. elderly, aged.
aldyggiligr, -dyggr, a. faithful',
-dfiBli, a. very easy to deal with, gentle.
aleiga, f. one's entire property, al-
eigu-mal, n., -sok, f. a suit involving
a person's whole property.
al-eySa (-dda, -ddr), v. to lay totally
waste, devastate ; -eyc5a, f. devasta-
tion ; gera aley6u, to turn into a wil-
derness ; -ey5a, a. indecl. altogether
waste, empty, void of people \ J)ar var
aleySa at monnum) ; hann brennir ok
gerir aleyda landit, makes the land an
utter waste.
al-fari, a. fara (rffla f brott) al-fari, to
go away (ride off) for good ; -farinn,
pp. worn out, far gone ; -feginn, a.
very glad', -fri&lB,a..quitefree\ -froSr,
a. very wise ; -fullr, a. quit? full ;
-fuinn, a. quite rotten ; -fotfa, m.
father of all (name of Odin) ; -gangsa,
a. indecl. quite common ; -geldr, a.
quite gelled', -gera (-t5a, -t$r), v. to
finish, make perfect.
alger-leikr, m. perfection ; -liga,
adv. completely, fully ; -ligleikr, m.
= -leikr.
al-gerr, a. perfect, complete ; finish-
ed-, -gervi, f. (i) perfection ; (2) full
attire ; -gildi, n. full value.
algildis-vitni, n. competent witness.
al-gjafta, a. indecl. stall-fed ; -gley-
mingr, m. great glee ; sld d algleym-
ing, to become very merry ; -g6(5r, a.
AL-GRAR
[9J
ALL-GAMALL
-perfectly good] -grar, a. quite grey ;
-groinn, ^.perfectly healed] -groenn,
a. quite green ; -gullinn, a. all- golden ;
-gfflft, adv. fully.
al-g0ra al-gprvi, see algera, &c.
al-hei5inn, a. utterly heathen ; -hei-
lagr, a. all-holy, -heill, a. (l) com-
pletely whole, entire ; (2) perfectly
healthy (alheill at likam) ; -neilsa, f.
perfect health ; -henda, f. a metre
having two pairs of rhyming words
in every line ; -hending, f.= -henda ;
-hendr, a. with full rhyme in every
line (tvau kvaefli alhend) ; -hreinn, a.
quite pure, clean ; -huga, a. indecl.
whole-hearted, in full earnest ; -hugat,
pp. n. resolved, fully determined', ef
per er pat alhugat, if you are in real
earnest ; adv. in earnest, sincerely
fidrast alhugat); -hugi, m. earnest;
petta er alhugi minn, / am in real
earnest ; -hugligr, a. sincere ; -hung-
racSr, a. starving, famished ; -hiisa
(atS), v. to build fully ; -hvitr, a. quite
white ; -hysa (-ta, -tr), v. = -husa ;
alhyst,w///fc all the buildings finished',
-hysi, n. all the farm-buildings ;
-hcegr, a. quite easy, smooth (alhoegt
tungubragS).
ali-bjorn, m. tame bear ; -dyr, n. do-
mestic animal ; -fiskr, m. fish fattened
in a pond ; -fugl, m. tame fowl ; -gaa,
f. tame goose.
alin (gen. sing, alnar or alnar ; pi.
alnar or alnir), f. = 6'ln ; (i) the old
Icelandic ell (about half a yard) ; (2)
unit of value, an ell of woollen stuffed..
va6mdls\ = onesixthofanounce(eyrir).
ali-sau&r, m. home-fed (pet) sheep ;
-svin, n. tame swine.
al-jaln, a. quite equal; -jarnacSr,
pp. shod on all four feet ; -keyptr, pp.
dearly bought, = fullkeyptr ; -klaB^-
na&r, m. a full suit of clothes ; -krist-
inn, a. entirely Christian ; -kri&t-
na8r, pp. completely christianized;
-kunna, a. indecl. (i) universally
known, notorious (sem alkunna er
orflit) ; (2) fully informed; unz al-
kunna, until I know the whole ;
-kunnigr, a., -kunnr, a. notorious ;
-kyrra, a. indecl. completely calm,
tranquil.
all- may be prefixed to almost every
adjective and adverb in an intensive
sense, very, extremely ; -annt, a. n.
very eager ; -apr, a. very harsh ; -auc5-
sottligr, a. very easy to accomplish ;
-auSveldliga, adv. very easily ; -aut5-
veldr, a. very easy ; -agaetr, a. very
famous ; -ahyggjusamliga, adv. very
anxiously ; -akafliga, adv. with much
ardour; -akaf% adv. very fast (ri<3a
-cikaft) ; -arse^iliga, adv. very appo-
sitely ; -araBcSislitill, a. very timid ;
-astuftligr, a. very hearty, intimate ;
-beinn, a. very hospitable ; -beiskr,
a. very harsh, bitter; -bitr, a. very
sharp ; -t-jartr, a. very bright, splen-
did; -bjugr, a. very much bent;
-bliftliga, adv. very kindly ; -bli5r,
a. very mild, gentle; -brdftgorr, a.
very precocious; -broaligr, a. very
laughable, funny ; -digr, a. very big;
-djarfliga, adv. very boldly ; -dreng-
iliga, adv. very gallantly ; -draemt,
adv. very boastfully ; -dyrr, a. very
dear; -eigulegr, a. very precious;
-einarcSliga, adv. very frankly, sin-
cerely ; -eldiligr, a. of a very aged
appearance ; -fagr, a. very bright,
fair ; -fast, adv. very firmly ; drekka
-fast, to drink very hard; -fastorSr,
a. very true to one's word ; -famaligr,
a. of very few words ; -famennr, a.
followed or attended by very few per-
sons ; -faraeftinn, a. very chary of
words ; -feginn, a. very glad ; -fegin-
samliga. adv. very gladly ; -feigligr,
a. having the mark of death plain on
one's face ; -feitr, a. very fat ; -f-
mikill, a. very costly; -fjarri, adv.
very far, far from ; -fjartekif, pp. n.
very far-fetched; -fj^lkunnigr, a.
very deeply versed in sorcery ; -fj*51-
mennr, a. followed or attended by
very many people ; in very great num-
bers; -fjolrostt, pp. n. very much
talked of; -forsjall, a. very prudent;
-frekr, a. very during; -friSr, a. very
beautiful; -fro?5r, a. very learned;
-frsBgr, a. very famous ; -fuss, a. very
eager ; -fysiligr, a. very desirable.
All-foSr, n\. father of all (a name of
Odin).
all-gamall, a. very old; -gemsmik-
ALL-GERLA
[10]
ALLR
ill, a. "very wanton ; -gerla, adv.
very clearly, precisely, -gerviligr,
a. very manly, -gestrisinn, a. very
hospitable-, -geysiligr, a. very im-
petuous; -glaSliga, adv. very joy-
fully ; -glaftr, a. very joyful ; -glatt,
adv. very bright (Ijos brann -glatt) ;
-gleymr, a. very gleeful, in high
spirits (ver6a -gleymr vi6 e-t) ; -glsBs-
iligr, a. very shiny, splendid ; -g!0gg-
SSBI-, a. clearly visible, very trans-
parent ; -g!0ggt, adv. very precisely
(vita e-t -g!0ggt) ; -goftr, a. very good ;
-goSvaBnIiga, adv. very promisingly ;
-grimmr, a. very cruel or fierce ;
-grunsamliga, adv. very suspiciously,
-g0rla, adv. = -gerla; -g0rviligr, a.
= -gerviligr ; -harftr, a. very hard,
stern ; -heimskr, a. very silly, stupid',
-herSimlkill, a. very broad-shoul-
dered', -hjaldrjugr, a. very talkative ;
-hogliga, adv. very gently ; -hraustr,
a. very vahant ; -hrumliga, adv. very
infirmly (from age) ; -hraeddr, a. -z/^ry
wz^ afraid ; -hraeSinn, a. -z/<?ry timid ;
-hugsjukr, a. 7/^ry much grieved,
anxious; -hvass, a. blowing very
hard (var -hvast d norSan) ; -hyggi-
ligr, &.very prudent, judicious; -hsetS-
iligr, a. very scoffing; -haeldreginn,
a. very slow in walking, dragging
the heels; -hcegliga, adv. gently,
meekly (svara -hcegliga) ; -icSinn, a.
very diligent ; -ilia, adv. very badly ;
-illr, a. very bad; -jafhlyndr, a. very
calm, even-tempered.
al-ljoss, a. (i) quite light; dagr al-
Ijoss, broad daylight; (2) quite clear.
all-kaldr, a. very cold; -kappsam-
liga, adv. with very much zeal, very
liberally ; -karlmannliga, adv. very
manfully ; -kaupmannliga, adv. in
a very businesslike way ; -katligr, a.
very funny ; -katr, a. very merry ;
-kerskiligr, a. very funny, pleasant ;
-kynligr, a. very strange ; -kaerr, a.
very dear, beloved; -langr, a. very
long ; -laust, adv. very loosely ; -lagr,
a. very low, short of stature; -lett-
brunn,a. of very cheerful countenance;
-16ttmsBlt, pp. n. very cheerfully
spoken ; -16ttr, a. very light (in weight) ;
likliga, adv. in very agreeable terms ;
-likligr, a. very likely ; -likr, a. very
like ; -litill, a. very little ; -lyginn, a*
much given to lying; -mannhsettr,
a. very dangerous; -mannskostSr, a^
very murderoiis ; -mannvaenn, a. (a
man) of very great promise ; -marg-
liga, adv. very affably ; -margin aeltr,
a. very talkative ; -margr, a. very
numerous ; pi. allmargir, very many ;
-margroett, pp. n. very much spoken
of; -malugr, a. very loquacious;
-mattfarinn, a. very much worn out ;
-mattlitill, a. very weak; -megin-
lauss, a. very void of strength ;
-mikill, a. very great ; -misjafnt, adv.
very variously, in very different ways;
-Ijoss, a. very light; -mjor, a. very
slim, slender; -mjok, adv. very much ;
-nauftigr, a. very reluctant ; -nauftu-
liga, adv. very dangerously (-nauSu-
liga staddr) ; -nainn, a. very near,
nearly related ; -nser, adv. very near \
-naerri, adv. = -nser.
al-loSinn, a. shaggy all over; -lokit,
pp. n. entirely gone.
all-opt, adv. very often; -orftfatt,
a. n., gera allordfdtt um, to be very
chary of words as to ; -ogurligr, a.
very frightful.
allr (oil, allt), a. (i) all, entire,
whole ; hon d allan arf eptir mik, she
has all the heritage after me ; af ollum
hug, with all (one's] heart; hvitr a.,
white all over ; bu allt, the whole
estate; allan daginn, the whole day;
\ allri verold, in the whole world;
alian hdlfan mdnu3, for the entire
fortnight; with addition of 'saman';
allt saman feit, the whole amounts
um penna hernad ailan saman, all
together; (2) used almost adverbially,
all, quite, entirely; klofnaQi hann a.
i sundr, he was all cloven asunder ,
kvddu Orn allan villast, that he was
altogether bewildered; var Hrappr
a. brottu, quite gone; a. annarr madr,
quite another man ; (3) gone, past ;
d3r pessi dagr er a, before this day
is past ; var pa 611 peirra vindtta, their
friendship was all over; allt er nu
mitt megin, my strength is exhausted,
gone ; (4) departed, dead (pd er Geir-
mundr var a.) ; (5) neut. sing, (allt)
AKLR
[11]
ALL-STORR
used as a subst. in the sense of all,
everything-] eigi er enn peirra allt,
they have not yet altogether won the
game ; pd var allt (all, everybody]
vi5 pa" hrastt ; hdr er skammastt allt,
here everything is transient', pvi
ollu, with a compar. // the more
(pvi ollu pungbagrri) ; with gen., allt
missera ( = 611 misseri), all the year
round; allt annars, all the rest; at
ollu annars, in all other respects ; alls
fyrst, first of all; alls mest, most of
all; in adverbial phrases : at ollu, in
all respects, in every 'way ; f ollu, in
everything; me6 ollu, wholly, quite;
neita me6 ollu, to refuse outright;
(6) pi. allir (allar, oil), as adj. or sub-
stantively, all (peir gengu ut allir) ;
or ollum fjorchmgum a" landinu, from
all the quarters of the land] allir
aSrir, all others, every one else ; flestir
allir, nearly all, the greatest part of;
gen. pi. (allra) as an intensive with
superlatives, of all things, all the
more ; nii pykkir mer pat allra synst,
er, all the more likely, as ; allra helzt,
er peir heyra, particiilarly now when
they hear ; allra sizt, least of all.
allraheilagra-messa, f., -messu-
dagr, m. Allhallow-mass, All Saints'
day.
all-rammskipa<5r, pp. very strongly
manned; -rauSr, a. very red; -ra5-
ligr, a. very advisable ; -reiSiligr, a.
looking very angry ; -reiftr, a. very
angry ; -rikxnannligr, a. very grand,
magnificent ; -rikr, a. very powerful ;
-roskliga, adv. very briskly.
alls, gen. sing, of ' allr ', used as an
adv.; (i) a. ekki (eigi), not at all, by
no means; peir ug5u a. ekki at ser,
they were not a bit afraid; a. engi,
no one at all; sometimes without a
negative following it, quite, altogether;
asr a. geldar, ewes quite barren ; a.
vesall, altogether wretched ; hann var
eigi a. tvftugr, not quite twenty years
old; (2) in connexion with numbers,
in all; alls forust nfu menn, there
perished nine in all; (3) altogether,
far ; alls of lengi, alls til lengi, far
too long a time.
alls, conj. as, since (a. pu ert g66r
drengr kallaflr) ; with addition of ' er '
(a. er pu ert sv brdhaldr a" pinu
mali).
all-sannligr, a. very likely ; -satt-
fuss, a. very placable ; -seinn, a. very
slow ; -seint, adv. very slowly.
alls-endis, adv., esp. with a preced-
ing negative, in every respect, qicite,
thoroughly ; also, til -endis ; -hattar,
adv. of every kind.
allsherjar-, <?,?;#/, public, common ;
-bu(5, f. the booth of the -go6i ; -dornr,
m. public judgement ; -f6, n. public
property; -gocSi, m. the supreme
priest (who opened the alpingi every
year) ; -lift, n. public troops ; -lyfcr,
m. the people, commonalty ; -log, n.
pi. public law ; -ping, n. general
assembly.
all-sigrsfflll, a. very successful in
war; -Bka,mmr,a..verys/i<yrt', neut,
-skammt, a very short way, short dis-
tance ; -skommu, a very short time
ago ; -skapliga, adv. very fittingly ;
-skapvserr, a. of a very gentle dis-
position ; -skappungr, a. very de-
pressed in spirit (e-m er -skappungt) ;
-skemtiligr, a. very amusing; -skil-
litill, a. very tintmstworthy \ -skjall-
kcenliga, adv. in a very coaxing way ;
-skjott, adv. very soon ; -skygn, a.
very sharp-sighted; -skyldr, a. (i)
very obligatory, neut., -skylt, bounden
duty; (2) very nearly related, near
akin ; -skynsamliga, adv. very ju-
diciously ; -skoruligr, a. very striking
or magnificent (allskorulig veizla) ;
-slaeliga, adv. very sluggishly ; -aloeg-
liga, adv. very cunningly ; -smar,
a. very small; -snarpliga, adv. very
sharply or smartly ; -snarpr, a. very
sharp ; -snemma, adv. very early ;
-snjallr, a. very shrewd or clever;
-spakr, a. very gentle, very wise ;
-starsynn, a. looking fixedly upon ;
-sterkligr, a. very strong-looking ;
-sterkr, a. very strong; -stilliliga,
adv. very calmly, very composedly \
-stirSr, a. very stiff; -storhcggr, a.
dealing very hard blows ; -storliga,
adv. very haughtily ; -8tormannliga,
adv. very munificently; -storoiSr,
a. iising very big words ; -storr, a.
ALL-STYGGR
[12]
very great or big ; -styggr, a. very
ill-humoured, very cross ; -styrkliga,
adv. very stoutly ; -styrkr, a. very
strong.
alls-valdandi, pr. p. of God, Al-
mighty ; -valdari, m. almighty ruler ;
-valdr, a. = -valdandi ; -vesall, a.
utterly wretched.
all-svangr, a. very hungry.
all-svinnliga, adv. very wisely,
prudently.
alls-voldugr, a. = alls-valdr.
all-ssettfuss, a. very placable, very
eager for peace.
all-soemiligr, a. very honottrable.
allt, neut. from * allr* ; (i) right up
to, all the way ; Brynj61fr gengr a. at
honum, close up to him ; a. norSr urn
Staft, all the way north, round Cape
Stafi; (^everywhere; SigroSrvarkon-
ungr a. um fcrsendalog, over all Dront-
heim ; voru svirar a. gulli bunir, all
overlaid with gold; (^already; voru
a. komin fyrir hann bref, warrants of
arrest were already awaiting him ;
(4) of time, all through, until (a. til
J6nsvoku) ; (5) a. til, a. oi,far too (J)u
ert a. of heimskr) ; (6) a. at einu, a.
ems, all the same, nevertheless (ek
aetla f>6 utan a. eins).
all-tillatsamr, a. very indulgent ;
-titSroett, pp. n. very much talked
of; -tiftvirkr, a. very quick at work ;
-torfyndr, a. very hard to fend ; -tor-
foert, a. n. very hard to pass ; -tor-
sottr, pp. very difficult to reach ;
-tortryggiliga, adv. very suspicious-
ly ; -trauftr, a. very slow, unwilling ;
-tregr, a. very tardy ; -trur, a. very
true ; -tryggr, a. very trusty ; -und-
arligr, a. very strange', -ungr, a.
very young ; -ubeinskeytr, a. shoot-
ing very badly \ -ubli(5r, a. very
harsh, unkind ; -ubragftligr, a. very
ill-looking ; -udfflll, a. very untracta-
ble ; -ufagr, a. /<?ry ugly ; -ufimliga,
adv. 7/^ry awkwardly ; -uframliga,
adv. -z/^ry timidly ; -ufrynn, a
sullen ; -ufrffigr, a. 7'<?ry inglorious ;
-uglaSr, a. very gloo my, sad ; -uhoegr,
a. -z^ry difficult; -uhofc5ingligr, a.
z/^ry plebeian ; -ukatr, a. ?' very low
spirits ; -ukndr, a.
frame ; -ukonungligr, a. -z/^ry
kingly ; -ukunnigr, a. ^wr/<? unknown ;
-ulifligr, a. -z/<?ry unlikely to live ;
ulikliga, adv. very unlikely ; -ulikr,
a. very unlike ; -umattuliga, adv. very
weakly ; -urd^inn, a. very undecided ;
-uratSliga, adv. very unadvisedly or
rashly ; -usannligr, a. very unjust,
very itn likely ; -usattfuss, a. very im-
placable ; -uskyldr, %.. far from being
incumbent on one (hitt astla ek mer
-uskylt) ; -uspakr, a. very unruly ;
-usvdss, a. very uncomfortable (var
vefir -usvdst) ; -usynn, a. very un-
certain, very doubtful; -usaeligr, a. of
very wretched appearance; -uvinsfflll,
a. very unpopular ; -uvialiga, adv.
very unwisely ; -livasnligr, a. of very
unfavourable prospect ; -uvsenn, a.
(l) very ugly ; (2) very unpromising
or unfavourable ; neut., -uvsent, very
unfavourably; -ujmrfr, a. very un-
profitable, injurious (e-m).
all-valdr, m. sovereign, king (heilii
all-valdar bdSir !).
allvalds-konungr, m. = all valdr.
all-vandlatr, a. very difficiilt to
please ; -vandliga, adv. very care-
fully, exactly ; -vant, a. n., e-m er
-vant um, one is in a very great
strait ; -varfoerr, a. very cautious,
careful; -vaskr, a. very brisk or
gallant; -veftrlitit, a. n. very calm ;
-vegliga, adv. splendidly, nobly ;
-vegligr, a. very grand; -vel, adv.
very well ; -vesall, a. very miserable,
vile ; -vingott, a. n. on very friendly
terms (var -vingott me6 peim) ; -vin-
saell, a. very popular ; -vircSuligr, a.
very worthy, dignified; -vitr, a. very
wise ; -vitrliga, adv. very prudently ;
-vit5a, adv. very widely ; -vigliga,
adv. in a very warlike manner ; -vig-
mannliga, adv. very martially ; -vig-
m6(5r, a. quite wearied out with
fighting ; -viss, a. quite certain ;
-vsBnligr, a. , -vaBnn, a. very promis-
ing; {>ykkja -vasnt um e-n, to be de-
lighted with one; -vsent, adv. very
favoiirably (konungr tok {>essu -vaent) ;
-vorpuligr, a. of a very stately frame;
-voxtuligr, a. very tall ; -parfliga,
adv. very pressingly ; bi6ja -parfliga,
ALL-fcETTR
[13]
ALTARIS-BOK
to beg very hard; -p6ttr, a. very
crowded '; -prekligr, a., of a very
robust frame ; -pungliga, adv. very
heavily ; taka -pungliga a e-m, to be
very hard upon; -pungr, a. (i) very
disagreeable, hard; (2) hostile, badly
disposed towards (til e-s) ; -pykkr,
a. very thick ; fellu peir -pykkt, z'
great numbers ; -oefr, a. very furious ;
-oegiligr, a. wry terrible ; -oestr, pp.
greatly excited ; -6rorc5r, a.
frank, outspoken ; -0ruggr, a.
unflinching.
alrnanna-byg<$, f. a well-peopled
district ; -foeri, n. public way ; -leitS,
f. piiblic road ; -lof, n. universal
praise ; -skript, f . general confession ;
-stofa, f. //<? common hall, opp. to
' litla stofa'; -tal, n. (i) common
reckoning (at -tali) ; (2) general cen-
sus; -vegr, m. high road, = \)j6dvegr,
pj66"lei3.
al-mattigr, a. almighty ; -mattr, m.
alm;ghtiness, omnipotence ; -menni,
n. the people, public; -menniliga,
adv. generally, commonly; -menni-
ligr, a., general, common.
almenning, f., almenningr, m. (i)
common land; (2) common or public
pasture ; (3) public thoroughfare (in
Norse towns) ; (4) the people, public
in general ; ( 5 ) levy, conscription ;
fullr (allr), hdlfr almenningr, a full
(complete) or half levy of men and
ships.
aimennings-br6f, n. proclamation ;
-drykkja, f. public banquet ; -far, n.
public ferry ; -gata, f. public road ;
-glofar, m. pi. common gloves ; -bus,
n. a house for the use of travellers ;
-mork, f., -skogr, m. public forest ;
-straeti, ^.public thoroughfare ; -tollr,
m. public tax ; -tru, f. catholic faith
( = almennilig tru) ; -vegr, m. public
way ; -61, n. common ale.
almennr, a. common^ general,
public.
al-mugi, m. the commons, common
people (konungrinn ok almuginn) ;
-mugr, m. = al-mugi; -maeli, n. (i)
common saying, general report ; pat
er almasli, at, all people say (agree),
that; (2) say ing, proverb; pott almaslit
sannadist, at moSurbroeSrum verSi
menn likastir, though the saying
proved true, that ; -msBltr, pp.
spoken by all] -mselt tfSindi, common
news ; (2) of a child that has learnt to
talk; -maBtti, n. = almattr.
al-naktr, a. quite naked.
alna-mal, n. measure by the ell
(see alin).
al-nyr, a. quite new ; -noktr, a.
= alnaktr.
al-ogat, a., -ogi, m., -ogligr, a.,
see -hugat, -hugi, -hugligr.
air (-s, -ir), m. awl; skjalfa potti
husit, sem d als oddi le'ki, as if it were
balanced on the point of an awl.
al-rauftr, a. quite red ; -raSinn, pp.
quite determined; -rann, a. utterly
plundered; -reyndr, pp. fully proved.
alri, m. elder tree, see elri.
al-roskinn, a. quite grown up ;
-rotinn, a. quite rotten ; -roemdr, pp.
ruinouredby all ; alrcemt er, every one
says ; -sagcSr, pp. spoken of by all ;
-satt, f., alsdttum s^ttir, completely
reconciled ; -sattr, a. fully reconciled ;
-sekr, a. an outlaw in the greater de-
^r^=skogarma3r; -sitSa, a. indecl., er
Kristni var a.\s\6a.,?t'/ien the Christian
faith Jiad become universal ; -skip-
atSr, pp. (i) of a ship,_/W/x manned;
(2) of a bench, quite full ; -skjaldaSr,
a. closely set with shields ; -skrif-
a3r, pp. written all over; -skygn,
&. fully seeing ; -skyldr, a. (i) quite
bound in duty, obliged; (2) quite
binding; -slitinn, pp. quite worn
out ; -slikr, a. quite the same ; -smitS-
at5r, pp. completely built ; -snauftr,
a. very poor ; -snotr, a., -spakr, a.
all-wise, very clever; -styf5r, pp.
(a metre) i?i masculine rhymes ; -styf-
ingr, m. an animal with close-cropped
ears (= afeyringr) ; -svartr, a. quite
black; -sveittr, a., -sveitugr, a.
Perspiring all over ; -svi&r, -svinnr,
a. all-wise ; -sykn, a. altogether free
or guilt 'less (al-sykn saka) ; -sykna, f.
complete rehabilitation; -saell, a.
altogether happy ; -saett, f., -saetti, n.
complete reconciliation.
altari, n. and m. altar.
altaris-blaeja, f. altar-cloth ; -bok,
ALTARIS-BRIK
[14]
AMBAN
f. altar-book ; -brik, f. altar-piece ;
-biinaSr, m. altar-furniture ; -dagr,
m. anniversary of the consecration
of an altar ; -dukr, m. altar-cloth ;
-embsetti, n. service of the altar ;
-forn, f. offering on the altar ; -golf,
n. the floor round an altar ; -horn,
n. corner of an altar ; -hus, n. chapel ';
-klaeSi, n. altar-cloth ; -likneski, n.
image placed on an altar ; -messa, f.
mass at an altar ; -staftr, m. the place
where an altar stands ; -steinn,
m. altar-slab ; -stika, f. candlestick
for an altar ; -bjonusta, f. altar-
service.
al-tjaldaSr, pp. hung all round with
tapestry ; -ugat, a. = alhugat.
al-uc5, f. (older form 61u8) affection,
sincerity.
aluciar-macSr, m., -vinr, m. sincere
or devoted friend.
al-valdr, a. = allvaldr.
alvara, f. (i) seriousness ', earnest ;
taka e-t fyrir alvoru, to take it in
earnest', vissa ek eigi, at b6r var a.,
that you were in earnest ; (2) affection
= aluQ ; er 611 bans a. (inclination)
til Olafs konungs.
alvar-liga, adv. (i) seriously, ear-
nestly ; (2) heartily (fagna e-m -liga) ;
(3) entirely (-liga hreinn) ; -ligr, a.
hearty, affectionate (-lig vindtta).
al-vaskligr, a. mostvaliant, martial;
-vaxinn, pp. quite grown up ; -vap-
natSr, pp. in full armour ; -vatr, a.
thoroughly wet, wet through ; al- verki
and -verkja, a. indecl. aching, feeling
pains all over the body.
al-virkr, a., alvirkr dagr, a full
working day ; -vist, adv. with full
certainty ; -vitr, a. all-wise ; -vcepni,
n. complete arms ; hafa alvaepni, me6
alvaspni, (to be) fully armed.
alvoru-liga, adv. earnestly, sin-
cerely ; -ligr, a. = alvarligr ; -sam-
liga, adv. = -liga ; -samligr, a. sin-
cere, devoted (-samlig f)j6nusta).
al-yrkr, a. = alvirkr (dagr) ; -J>akinn,
pp. thatched all over', -biljatSr, pp.
completely wainscotted or panelled.
aljringi, n. the annual parliament
or general assembly of the Icelandic
Commonwealth (held in June).
al-])ingis, adv. quite, altogether
(=611ungis).
alf>ingis-d6mr, m. court of justice
at the aiding! ; -for, f. journey to the
a.; -helgun, f. inauguration of the a.;
-lof, n. permission, leave, given by
the a. ; -mal, n. parliamentary rules
or proceedings ; -nefna, f. nomination
of judges to the courts of the a.; -reicS,
f. journey to the a. ; -satt, f. agreement
entered into at the a.; -sattarhald, n.
the keeping ^/"al^ingissdtt.
al-I>j6c5, f. people in general (al^j'65
manna).
al-{>ykkr, a. quite thick, foggy (ve6r
alpykkt).
al-l>ycSa f. (i) the whole people (baud
hann albydu rikis sins at gofga lik-
neskjuna); (2) people in general, the
majority or bulk of the people (var
bat heit bd fest ok jatat af allri alby5u) ;
vera litt vi5 albydu skap, to be un-
popular; (3) the common people
(dnaud ok ufrelsi gekk yfir folk allt,
basSi rika menn ok albyQu).
al-by(5ast (dd), v. ren., albySast
til e-s, to incline towards, attach one-
self to ; -by Si, n.=-bySa.
albySis-folk, n. the common people.
alby^ligr, a. common, general ; -ligr
ma5r=mennskr ma3r,tf common man\
i -ligri roedu, in ordinary speech ; hitt
vaeri -ligra, more plain.
alby&u-drykkja, f. common ban-
quet; -leift, f. high-road ( = almanna-
leid) ; -lof, n. general praise, popu-
larity ; -mal, n. general report ; -tal,
n. common reckoning, opp. to ' rimtal' ;
-vapn, n. ordinary weapon ; -vegr,
m. = -lei3 ; -vircung, {.public opinion;
-vitni, n. universal testimony ; -byss,
m. general tuimilt.
al-bsBgr, a. quite acceptable or pleas-
ing (to one) ; -cestr, pp. quite excited,
stirred up.
ama (aS), v. to vex, molest; ren.,
amast vi5 e-n, e-t, to inconvenience \
trouble (omuSust liSsmenn litt vi6
hana) ; to object to, disapprove, show
dislike to (a. vi6 bygfl e-s).
amalera (atS), v. to enamel (for-
eign word).
amban, f. (Norse) = ombun.
AMBATT
[15]
AND-SPILLI
ambdtt, f. (i) bondwoman; (2) con-
cubine.
ambatta-fang, n. tussle between
bondwomen.
ambattar-barn, n., -dottir, f. child,
daughter of a bondwoman ; -ligr, a.
vile, like an ambatt ; -mot, n. ex-
pression (mien] of a bondwoman (er
eigi -mot a henni) ; -sonr, m. son of
a bondwoman.
amboft, n. = andbo8, annboS.
amma, {.grandmother (fodur-m63ir,
m63ur-m6oir).
ampli, m., ampull, m. jug (am-
pulla).
amra (ac5), v. to howl or yell
piteously (of cats).
an, conj. than (an old form for ' en ').
and-, a prefix denoting whatever is
opposite, against, towards, and fig.
hostile, adverse ; often spelt an- or
ann-.
anda(aS),v. to breathe, live (me6an
peir megu a.) ; refl., andast, to breathe
one's last, die ; anda<5r, pp. dead; him
var J)d onduQ, had breathed her last.
anda-gift, f. inspiration ; -kast, n.
breathing; -lau.33, a. without breath-
ing (lifa -lauss) ; -liga, adv. spiritu-
ally ; -ligr, a. spiritual (-lig fceSa).
andar-, gen. from ' ond ' ; -auga, n.
spiritual eye ; -dauSi, m. spiritual
death ; -drattr, m. breath, respiration.
andar-egg, n. duck's egg; -fygli, n.
ducks.
andar-gjof, f. = -gift ; -gustr, m.
breath of wind ; -heilsa, f. spiritual
welfare; -kraptr, m. strength of
mind; -rum, n. breathing time ; -sar,
n. mental wound.
andar-steggi, -steggr, m. drake.
andar-syn, f. vision ; -tak, n. breath ;
-vani, -vanr, a. breathless, lifeless.
and-blasinn, pp. blown up, inflated
with wind or air.
and-botS, n. utensil ( = annbo5).
and-dyri, n., -dyrr, f. pi. porch.
and-fang, n. reception, hospitality.
and-faelur, f. \>\. fright; vakna me5
-faelum, to awake in a fright.
and-foetingr, m. (i) a person whose
feet are turned backwards ; (2) pi.
and-fcetingar, Antipodes.
and-hlaup, n. suffocation.
and-hvalr, m. bottle-nosed whale.
andi, m. (i) breath, breathing; a.
Ingimundar er ekki goQr, his breath
smells, is foul; (2) current of air (a.
handar J)innar) ; (3) gramm., aspira-
tion (linr, snarpr a.) ; (4) soul (gu6
skapadi likamann ok andann) ; gjalda
guSi sinn anda, to die ; (5) spirit,
spiritual being; uhreinn a., an unclean
spirit ; heilagr a., the Holy Ghost.
and-kostr, m. see annkostr.
and-lauss, a. breathless, lifeless*
and-lat, n. (i) death (t>d er J)u fregn
andlat mitt) ; (2) the last gasp ; bd var
konungr nasr andlati, was almost
breathing his last.
andlats-dagr, m., -dcegr, n. day of
death ; -sorg, f. grief for a death ;
-tiS, f, -timi, m. time of death.
and-liga, adv. spiritually ; -ligr, a.
spiritual (biskup hefir andligt vald til
andligra hluta).
andlit, r\.face, countenance.
andlits-bjorg, f. visor; -blifta, f.
mild expression of the countenance ;
-mein, n. cancer in the face ; -skepna,
f. form or make of the face ; -skop,
n. pi. = -skepna ; var vel -skopum, had
well-formed features ; -vfflnn, a. fine"
featured; -voxtr, m. form of the
face, features.
and-marki, m., see annmarki.
and-malugr, a. contentious, qiiarrel-
some; -mseli, n. pi. contradiction,
objection.
and-nes, n. promontory, headland;
-or5a, a. indecl., at verSa andorSa, to
come to words with ; -of, n. paddling
with the oars, so as to keep a boat
from drifting (cf. andoefa).
and-rammr, a. having foul breath.
aiidrar, m. pi. snow-shoes.
andrjd, f. tumult, uproar.
and-rotSi, m. pulling against tide
and wind; beir toku (attu) mikinn
-r65a, they had a hard pull; -roftr
(-rs), m. = andr65i ; -eaka (ac5), v. to
reprimand (hann -sakaSi sveinana
hardliga) ; -sakan, f. reprimand, re-
buke ; -skoti, m. (i) opponent, adver-
sary ; (2) the devil, satan.
and-spilli, n. colloquy, discourse*
AND-SPJALL
[16]
ANKANNA-LAUST
and-spjall, n. (l) = andspilli ; (2) pi.
andspjoll, answer, reply.
and-stefja (a(5), v. to respond, an-
swer \ -stefna (-da, -t), v. = -stefja;
-streymi, n. adversity ; -streymr,
a. strongly adverse (-streym 0rlog) ;
Sighvatr var heldr -streymr um eptir-
malin, hard to come to terms with ;
-stygft, f. disgust; e-m er -stygd af
e-u, one feels abhorrence for ; -stygg-
iligr, -styggr, a. abominable, odious ;
-avar, n. answer, reply, decision
(vera skjotr i -svorum) ; -svara (a$),
v. (i) to answer (e-m) ; (2) to respond
( = andstefja) ; (3) to answer for, be
responsible for (e-u).
andsvara-maftr, m. respondent, de-
fender.
and-syptir, m. difficulty in breathing.
and-soelis, adv. against the course
of the sun, withershins ( = rangsoelis),
opp. to 'rettsoelis '.
and-vaka, f. (i) sleeplessness', (2)
wakef nines s ; and-vaki, a. sleepless
(liggja -vaki).
and-vana or -vani, a. destitute of,
wanting, with gen. (au5s andvani ok
alls gamans) ; -vanr, a. = -vani ; and-
vanr &a t famished for food.
andvara-gestr, m. unwelcome guest;
-lauss, a. free from care or anxiety.
and-varfta (at$), v. to hand over
(=afhenda).
and-vari, m. care, anxiety.
and-varp n. (i) breath, breathing;
(2) sigh ; -varpa (aS), v. to heave a
sigh ( = varpa ondinni) ; -varpan, f.
sighing, sobbing.
and-vegi, n. throne ( = 6ndvegi);
-verSr, a. = ondver6r ; -viftri, n. head
wind', -vir5i, n. worth, equivalent,
price ; andvircH hvalsins, the value of
the whale.
and-virki, n. (i) hay, hay-stacks,
crop ; nautafjoldi var kominn i tun ok
vildi brjota -virki, throw down the
cocks ; -virki (fodder] gekk t>ar upp
fyrir hestum ; (2) Norw. agricultural
implements ; vidarkost, timbr, grindr,
siec^a e(5a onnur -virki ; (3) fig., legit
hafa mer -virki nasrr garSi en at ber-
jast vid pik, I have had business more
urgent than to fight with you.
and-vitni, n. contradictory testi-
mony ; -vigr, a. a match for (hann var
eigi betr en -vfgr 6<5rum J>eirra brceS-
ra) ; -yrfti, n. pi. objection, contra-
diction ; -sera, f. resistance ; -eeris,
adv. adversely, itnfavourably (ganga
mun ykkr -aeris) ; -osfa (-tSai -t), v. to
keep pulling against wind and tide
so as to prevent a boat from drifting
astern ; -cepa (-ta, -t), v. to reply
against (ekki er pess getit, at f>6r6r
andrepti |?essarri visu).
ang, \\.fragrance (me9 una5 ok a.).
anga (at$), v. to exhale odour or fra-
grance ; angan, f. sweet odour ; a.
Friggjar, the love of Frigg.
angi, m. sweet odour.
angi, m. prickle, sting (J)etta mal
hefir anga).
angist, f. anguish.
angistar-ar, n. year of misery ;
-neyft, f. great distress ; -timi, m.
hour of distress.
angr (gen. -rs), m. grief, sorrow,
gera e-m angr, to do one harm ; vera
e-m at angri = angra e-n.
-angr (gen. -rs), m. in Norse local
names, bay, firth.
angra (a (5), v. to grieve, vex, dis-
tress (mik hefir angrat hungr ok frost) ;
with dat. (hv^rt sem mer angrar reykr
eda bruni) ; impers. to be grieved (an-
graSi honum mjok) ; refl., angrast af
e-u, to be vexed at, take offence at ;
a. vid e-n, to fall out with.
angraSr, pp. sorrowfid, sad, vexed
(reidr ok a.).
angran, f. sorrow, affliction.
angr-fullr, a. sorrowful, sad; -gapi,
m. rash, foolish person ; -lauss, a.
fret from care; -ligr, a. sad; -IjoS,
n. pi. mourning songs, dirges ; -lyndi,
^.sadness, low spirits ; -moet5ast (dd),
v. refl. to be in low spirits ; -samliga,
adv. sorrowfully, sadly ; -samligr,
a. = -fullr; -samr, a. (i) troublesome
(-som fluga) ; (2) depressed, downcast;
e-m er -saint, one is in low spirits ;
-sexnd, -semi, f. depression of spirits ;
-vasri, f. dejection ; -cefti, n. moody
temper, sullenness.
ankanna-fullr, a. full of faults ;
-lauat, adv. with flawless title (Mag-
ANN-
[17J
ANNT
nus konungr hafdi pd. riki einn saman
ok ankannaiaust).
ann-, in several compds. = and-.
anna (at5), v. to be able to do (a. e-u) ;
cf. ' annast '.
annarligr, a. strange, alien.
annarr (onnur, annat), a., indef.
pron., ord. numb.; (i) one of the two,
the one (of two}; Egill pessi hefir adra
bond (only o?ie hand] ok er kalladr
einhendr ; d adra bond, on the one
side ; a. ... a. one . . . the other (bet a.
Sorli, en a. >orkell) ; (2) second', i
annat s\nn<forthe second time ; h0ggr
hann pegar annat (viz. hogg), a second
blow ; (3) the next following \ 6'dru
hausti, the next autumn ; annat sumar
eptir ; fig., next in value or rank ;
annat mest hof i Noregi, the next
greatest temple', fjolmennast ping
annat eptir brennu Njdls, the fullest
assembly next to that after the burn-
ing of N. ; (4) some other (hon lek d
golfinu vi6 adrar meyjar) ; f>6rarinn
ok tiu menn a6rir, and ten men be-
sides ; bann var orvari af fe en nokk-
urr a., than anybody else', (5) other,
different ; 61 er a.madr, ale (a drunken
man] is another man, is not the same
man ; pau hofdu annan dtrunad, a
different religion ; (6) in various com-
binations ; a. slikr, such another,
another of the same sort', gekk a. til
at odrum (one after another) at bidja
hann ; hverja nott adra sem a6ra,
every night in turn ; annat var ord
Finns hardara en annat, each word of
Finn was harder than another ; adrir
. . . a&rir,s0we. . . others; einir ok adrir,
various ; ymsir ok adrir, now one, now
another (nefna upp ymsa ok adra) ;
hvdrr (or hverr) . . annan, each other,
one another (hetu hvdrir odrum atior-
um) ; vid pau tidindi urQu allir gladir
ok sagfli hverr 66rum, one told the
news to another., man to man.
annarra-brostSra, gen. pi. used ellipt.
in the sense of children of ' naesta
brcedra ', third cousins -brosSri, m.
third cousin.
annarr hvarr, indef. pron., one or
other of two persons, either (drepa
annan hvlrn peirra sona Skalla-
ICEL. DICT.
grims) ; at 6<3ru hv^ru, every now
and then, adrir hvcirir, one or other
of the two parties ; neut. used as adv.,
annat hvdrt . . . e<3a, either . . . or.
annarr hverr, indef. pron. every
other alternately ; annan hvern dag,
every other day ; annat hvert ord,
mery other (second) word; at odru
hverju, every now and then.
annarr tveggi, annarr tveggja,
indef. pron. one or other of the two=>
annarr hvdrr ; er adrir tveggju eru
lengra f burt komnir en ordrag, when
either of the two parties has got
farther away than an arrow 's flight ;
annat tveggja . . . eda, either .. .or.
annars, gen. from * annarr ', used as
adv. otherwise, else (stendr a. rfki pitt
i mikilli hasttu).
annarsligr, a. = annarligr.
annaista^ar, adv. elsewhere ', in
another place= annars stadar.
annast (at$), v. refl. (i) to take care
0/"(mal petta mun ek a.) ; (2) to pro-
vide for, support (a. born, omaga) ;
a. sik, to support oneself; (3) a. um
e-t, to be busy about, to occupy oneselj
with (a. um matreidu).
ann all (-s, -ar), m. chronological
register, annals.
ann-bo(5, n. agricultural imple-
ments.
ann-fri8r, m. cessation from law-
suits during the spring farming.
ann-kostr, m. = 6nnkostr.
ann-kvista, v. to take care of.
annmarka-fullr, a. faulty, full of
faults; -laxLBB f 3i.Jau/f&ss.
ann-marki, m. (i) defec t, flaw, fault
(pu leyndir -marka d honum) ; (2) ad-
versity (pu gaft mer varygd i farsselu,
huggan i -marka).
ann-rikt, a. n., eiga -rfkt, to be very
busy ; -samligr, a. toilsome, laborious;
-samt, a. n., e-m er -samt, one is very
busy ; -serr d, f. business, care, con-
cern ; bera mikla -semd fyrir e-u, to
be concerned abuut.
annt, a. n., e-m era., eager, anxious ;
morgum var a. heim, many were eager
to get home ; hvf mun honum svi a. at
hitta mik, why is he so eager? ekki er
a. um >at, it is not pressing; hvat er
ANTIKRISTR
[18]
APTR-MJOR
nti a. mmum einga syni, what has my
only son at heart? sag5i ser a. (that
he was busy] um daga ; vera a. til e-s,
to be eager for.
antikristr, m. Antichrist.
anza (at5), v. (i) to heed, take notice
of (a. e-u) ; (2) to reply, answer (a.
til e-s).
apa (a), v. to mock, make si>ort of,
to befool (margan hefir au5r apat) ;
refl., apast at e-u, to become the fool of .
apaldr (gen. -rs or -s, pi. -rar or
-ar), m. apple-tree.
apaldrs-garftr, m. orchard; -klub-
ba, -kylfa, f. club made of apple- tree ;
-tr6, n. apple-tree.
apal-grar, a. dapple-grey.
api, m. (l) ape, monkey; (2) fool
(margr verdr af aurum api ).
apli, m. ^//, = bjorr, gradungr.
appella, appeUera (acS), v. to cite,
summon to the pope.
apr (opr, aprt), a. (l) hard, sharp ;
en aprasta hriS, the sharpest fighting;
aprastr vid at eiga, the worst to deal
with ; (2) sad, dispirited.
aprligr, a. cold, chilly (-ligt ve5r).
aptan, adv. from behind, behind, opp.
to ' framan ' ; bd greip hann a. undir
hendr honum t from behind; fyrir a.,
as prep, with ace., behind; ek hjo
varginn i sundr fyrir a. boguna, just
behind the shoulders.
aptann (gen. -s, dat. aptni ; pi. apt-
nar), m. evening; si6 um aptaninn,
late in the evening; mi3r a., middle-
eve, 6 o'clock.
aptan-drykkja, f. evening carouse ;
-kveld, n. = aptann ; -langt, adv. all
the evening; -skaera, f. twilight;
-stjariia, f. evening star ; -songr, m.
evensong, vespers.
aptansongs-mal, n. the time of
evensong.
aptan-tiSir, f. pl. = aptansongs ti'Sir ;
-timi, m. the time of evening.
aptari, a. compar. = eptri.
aptarla, adv. behind, far in the rear.
aptarr, adv. com par. farther back.
aptast, adv. s\ipzr\. farthest back.
aptastr, a. swpzrl. farthest back.
aptna (ac5), v. impers. to become
evening; refl., aptnast = aptna.
aptr, adv. (l) back ; fara (snua, koma,
senda, scekja, hverfa) a., to go (turn
&c.) back; reka a., to drive back, repel;
kalla a., to recall, revoke; (2) back-
wards ; fram ok a., backwards and
forwards, to and fro ; f>eir settu
hnakka d bak ser a., they bent their
necks backwards ; (3) luka (lata) a., to
shut, close; hli5, port, hurS er a., is
shut ; (4) at the back, in the rear ;
bat er ma3r fram, en dyr a., the fore
Part a man, the hind part a beast;
bas5i a. ok fram, stem and stern (of a
ship) ; SigurSr sat a. d kistunni, S. sat
aft on the stern-chest; (5) again;
Freyja vaknar ok snerist vid ok sofnar
a., and falls asleep again.
aptr a (at$), v. to take back, with-
draw, recall; a. ferd sinni, to desist
from, give lip ; a. sdr, to withdraw ',
waver, hesitate.
aptran, f. withdrawal, keeping back.
aptr-bati, m. convalescence; vera i
-bata, to be on the way to recovery ;
bati, a. convalescent, getting better,
recovering ; -bei(5iligr, a. reciprocal ;
-borinn, pp. born again, regenerate;
-byggi, m. (esp. pi. -byggjar opp. to
frambyggjar) a man in the stern in
a ship of war ; -drattr, m. reflux of
the tide (-drattr hafsins) ; -drepa, f.
relapse, shock ; -elding, f. dawning ;
-ferft, i.joumeyback, return ; -fosrsla,
f. bringing back ; -for, f. = -fer5 ; -gan-
ga, f., -gangr, m. ghost, apparition ;
-gjald, n. repayment ; -hald, n. check-
ing, holding- back.
aptrhald-samr, a. saving, close.
aptrhalds-maSr, m. one who im-
pedes the progress of a thing.
ing, f. repulse ; -huppr, m. haunch ;
-nvarf, n. (i) return ; illr -hvarfs, dis-
inclined to face the enemy again ; (2)
relapse, apostasy; (3) turning away
from sin (rare) ; -kail, n. recalling,
revocation; -kast, n. hurling back,
repulse; -kaup, n. repurchase -koma
or -kvama, f. coming back, return ;
-kvsBmt, a. n. admitting of return ;
esp. eiga -kvasmt, to be allowed to
return (from exile) ; -lausn, f. redemp-
tion ; right of redeeming ; -mjor, a.
APTR-MUNDR
[19]
ARKAR-SMIB
tapering behind; -mundr, m. regret,
loss ; mer er mikill -mundr at e-u, 2
miss a thing greatly ; -reka, a. indecl.
driven back (by stress of weather) ;
-rekstr, m. driving back, repulse ;
-sja, f. regret, longing ( = eptirsja) ;
-skipan, f. restoration (-ski pan allra
hluta) ; -velting, f. rolling back.
apynja, f- she-ape, she-monkey.
ara-hreit$r, n. eagle's nest, eyrie.
arSar-, gen. from ' 6'rd ' ; -leiga, f.
rent for one yearns crop ; -mali, m.
contract, agreement for one year.
artSr (gen. ar(5rs), m. a simple form
of plough.
ar5r-for, f. furrow, trench made by
a plough ; -gangr, m. coulter ; -jam,
n. plough-iron ; -jam {>at er ristill
{coulter} heitir ; -uxi, m. plough-ox.
arcu-geldingr, m. = ar6ruxi.
arfa, f. heiress (Norse, rare).
arfa-sata, f. a heap, or small rick, of
duckweed (arfi).
arfa-J>attr, m. section of law treating
of inheritance (arfr).
arf-borinn, pp. by birth entitled to
inherit, legitimate ( = til arfs alinn) ;
-deild, f. = arfskipti ; -gengr, a. en-
titled to inherit.
arfi, m. heir, heiress ; a. e-s or at
e-u, heir to a property.
arfi, m. chickweed.
arf-kaup, n. sum paid for another's
expectation of inheritance ; -leicSa
(-dda, -ddr), v. to adopt as an heir
(= asttleida) ; -leicang, f. adoption of
an heir; -nyti (gen. -nytja), m. heir,
inheritor (poet.).
arfr (gen. arfs), m. (l) inheritance;
taka arf, to take possession of an in-
heritance; taka arf eptir e-n, to be
heir to a person, to inherit ; standa
til arfs eptir e-n, to be entitled to inherit
a person ; hon d. allan arf eptir mik,
she is my sole heir ; selja arf, to sell
the expectation of inheritance ( = selja
arfvan) ; (2) patrimony '=fb'Qurleifd.
arf-ran, n. unjust taking of one's
inheritance ; -rsBning, f. = arf-ran ;
rflBningr, m. one stripped of his
inheritance ; -sal, n. cession of right
of inheritance (on condition of getting
maintenance for life).
arfsals-maSr, m. one who has made
another his heir on condition of being
maintained by him for life ; -maldagi,
m. deed concerning ' arfsal '.
arf-skipti, n. partition of an inheri-
tance ; -skot, n. fraud in matters of
inheritance ; -sokn, f. suit in a case
of inheritance; -svik, n. pi. defrauding
in matters of inheritance; -svipting,
f. taking away of one's inheritance ;
-tak, n. the act of taking one as arf-
salsma<5r (taka e-n arftaki) ; -taka, f.
receiving^ taking possession of, an
inheritance ; -takari, -taki, m. in-
heritor ; -tekinn, pp. taken by in-
heritance; -tekja, f. = -taka.
arftekju-land, n. land obtained by
inheritance.
arf-tceki, n. = arftaka; -tcekr, a.
= arfgengr ; ver5a arftcekr e-s, to re-
ceive by inheritance.
arftoku-karl, m. one taken as arf-
salsmaSr ; -macSr, m. inheritor, suc-
cessor to an inheritance.
arf-van, f. expectancy of inheritance ;
-J>egi, m. heir.
arg-hola, f. harlot.
argr, a. (i) unmanly, effeminate^
cowardly (sem fyrir ulfi 6'rg geit
rynni) ; (2) lewd; (3) wicked, per-
nicious (J)u hit argasta dyr).
argskapr, m. effeminacy, cowardice,
wickedness.
ari, m. eagle (=6rn).
arin-domr, m. fireside gossip ; -eldr,
m. hearth-fire ; -elja, f. a home-rival
to a wife; -greypr, a. encompass-
ing the hearth (bekkir aringreypir) ;
-hella, f. hearth-stone.
arinn (gen. arins ; dat. arni ; pi.
arnar), m. (I) hearth (eldr var d arni) ;
as a law term, fara eldi ok arni, to
remove one's homestead, taking fire
and hearth together; (2) an elevated
platform.
arins-horn, n. corner of the hearth ;
-jam, n. poker.
arka (a(5), v. to walk heavily ',
trudge ; a. at audnu, to take what-
ever course fate may decide.
arkar-fotr, m. the foot of a chest
(ork) ; -smitS, f. the building of
Noah's Ark.
ARMA
[20]
AT
arma, f. pity ; drottinn sd ormu a"
mannkyni, took pity iipon.
arm-baugr, m. armlet, bracelet.
arm-bryst, n. cross-bow.
arm-fylking, f. = fylkingar-armr.
arming! (pi. -jar), m. poor fellow
(=aumingi).
arm-leggr, m. arm (=armr).
armligr, a. pitiful, miserable.
armr (-s, -ar), m. (i) arm ; leggja
arma um e-n, to embrace (of a
woman) ; koma a" arm e-m, to come
into one's embraces (of a woman
marrying) ; (2) the wing of a body,
opp. to its centre ; armar uthafsins,
the arms of the ocean, viz. bays and
firths ; armr fylkingar, a wing of an
army.
armr, a. (i) unhappy, poor; (2)
wretched, wicked ; hinn armi Bjarn-
grfmr, the wretch, scoundrel B, ; bin
arma kerlingin, the wicked old
woman.
arm-skapa(5r, pp. misshapen, miser-
able, poor ; -vitki, f. compassion ;
-vitugr, a. charitable, compassionate ;
litt armvitugr, hard-hearted.
armcet5a, f. distress, trouble ; ar-
mce&ast, v. refl. to distress oneself.
arnar-, gen. from ' orn ' ; -hamr, m.
eagle's plumage ; -hrei(5r, n. eagle's
nest, eyrie ; -klo, f. talon of an eagle ;
-liki, n. eagle's shape ; -ungi, m.. eaglet.
arning, f. tillage, ploughing (related
to 'erja').
arn-sugr, m. the rushing sound
caused by the flight of an eagle.
ars, m. posteriors, = rass.
arta, f. a species of teal, garganey.
aska, f. ashes (mold ok a. ; dust eitt
ok a.). Cf. 6'sku-.
aska-smiftr, m. shipwright ?
aska-spillir, m. ship-spoiler ?
ask-limar, f. pi. branches of an ash.
ask-matSr, m. shipman, -viking,
pirate; cf. askr (3).
askr (-s, -ar), m. (i) ash, ash-tree ;
(2) ash-spear; (3) small ship (beir
sigla hurt d einum aski) ; (4) wooden
I'essel or dish (storir askar fullir af
skyri) ; (5) a Norse measure for
liquids equal to four bowls (bollar), or
sixteen 'justur*.
ask-rakki, m. marten ; -vi(5r, m.
ash-tree.
asna, f. she-ass.
asna-hofuS, n. ass*s-head; -kjalki,
m. jawbone of an ass.
asni, m. ass, donkey.
at, prep. A. with dative. I. Of
motion: (i) towards, against ; Otkell
laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S. ;
hann sneri egginni at Asgrimi, turned
the edge against A.; (2) close up to ;
Brynjolfr gengr allt at honum, quite
up to him ; beir komust aldri at
honum, they could never get near
him, to close quarters with him ; (3)
to, at ; koma at landi, to come to
land', ganga at domi, to go into
court; (4) along (=epdr); ganga at
straeti, to walk along the street ; dreki
er nidr for at dnni (went down the
river] fyrir strauminum ; refr dro
horpu at isi, on the ice ; (5) denoting
hostility ; renna (scekja) at e-m, to
rush at, assault ; ger6i ba at beim
boku mikla, they were overtaken by
a thick fog ; (6) aroitnd ; vefja motri
at hbfdi ser, to wrap a veil round
one's head; bera grjot at e-m,/0 heap
stones upon the body; (7) denoting
business, engagement ; ri5a at hross-
um, at sauSum, to go looking after
horses, watching sheep ; fara at land-
skuldum, to go collecting rents. II.
Of position, &c. ; (i) denoting presence
at, near, by, upon ; at kirkju, at
chiirch ; at domi, in court ; at log-
bergi, at the hill of laws ; (2) denoting
participation in ; vera at veizlu, brul-
laupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
vera at vi'gi, to be an accessory in
man-slaying; (3) ellipt., vera at, to
be about, to be busy at ; kvalararnir,
er at voru at pina hann, who were
tormenting him ; var bar at kona
nb'kkur at binda (was there busy
dressing] sdr manna ; (4) with proper
names of places (farms) ; konungr at
Danmorku ok Noregi,/'z>/^<?/"; biskup
at Holum, bishop of Holar ; at Helga-
felli, at Bergborshva'li ; (5) used ellipt
with a genitive, at (a person's] hoiise;
at hans (at his house] gisti fjolmenni
mikit ; at MarSar, at Mard's home ;
AT
[21)
AT
at hins heilaga 6lafs konungs, at St.
Olave's church ; at Rdnar, at Raris
(abode). III. Of time; (i) at, in; at
upphafi, at first, in the beginning ; at
$n\\naft\,atpartingi when they parted]
at pdskum, at Easter; at kveldi, at
eventide ; at pinglausnum, at the
close of the Assembly ; at fjoru, at the
ebb\ at flcefium, at the floodtide ; (2)
adding ' komanda' or ' er kemr'; at
ciri komanda, next year', at vri, er
kemr, next spring; generally with
' komanda ' understood ; at sumri,
hausti, vetri, vari, next summer, &c. ;
(3) used with an absolute dative and
present or past part. ; at ser lifanda,
during his lifetime ; at 6'llum cisjcind-
um, in the sight of all ; at dheyranda
hofdingjanum, in the hearing of the
chief; at upprennandi sola, at sun-
rise ; at Ii6num sex vikum, after six
weeks are past; at honum 6ndu6um,
after his death ; (4) denoting uninter-
rupted succession, after; hverr at
b'5rum, annarr at oorum, one after
another ; skildu menn at pessu, there-
upon, after this ; at pvi (thereafter]
komu adrar meyjar. IV. fig. and in
various uses; (i) to, into, with the
notion of destruction or change ;
brenna (borgina) at osku, to burn to
ashes ; veroa at ormi, to become a
snake; (2) for, as; gefa e-t at gjof,
as a present ; eiga e-n at vin, to have
one as friend; (3) by; taka sverfl at
hjb'ltum, by the hilt ; draga ut bjorn-
inn at hlustunum, by the ears ; kjosa
at afli, dlitum, by strength, appear-
ance ; (4) as regards, as to ; auoMgr at
fe, wealthy in goods ; vasnn (fagr) at
aliti, fair of face ; (5) as a law term,
on the ground of , by reason of; rydja
(to challenge] dom at maegfium, kvid
at frasndsemi ; (6) as a paraphrase of
a genitive ; fafiir, mofiir at barni
( = barns, of a child] ; aSili at sok
=a6ili sakar ; (7) with adjectives
denoting colour, size, age, of; hvitr,
svartr, rauSr at lit, white, black, red
of colottr; mikill, litill at stcerS, vexti,
tall, small of stature ; tvitugr at
aldri, twenty years of age ; kyr at
fyrsta, otfrum kdlfi, a cow that has
calved once, twice; (8) determining
the source from which anything
comes, of , from ; Ari nam ok marga
frcedi at fWifii (from her) ; piggja,
kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to
receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing
from one ; hafa veg (virSing) styrk
at e-m, to derive honour, power, from,
one ; (9) according to, after (hey go 1 r
at fornum si6) ; at raSi allra vitrustu
manna, by the advice of; at lands-
logum, by the law of the land; at
vd.num, as was to be expected ; at
leyfi e-s, by one's leave; (10) in ad-
verbial phrases ; groa (vera grceddr)
at heilu, to be quite healed; bi'ta af
allt gras at sn0ggu, quite bare ; at
fullu, fully ; at visu, surely ; at frjdlsu,
freely ; at eilifu, for ever and ever ;
at rb'ngu, at rettu, wrongly, rightly ;
at li'ku, at somu, eqttally, all the
same ; at mun, at rd3i, at marki, to a
great extent. B. with ace., after ,
upon ( = eptir) ; sonr d at taka arf at
focW sinn, to take the inheritance
after his father ; eiga ferdnsdom at
e-n, to hold a court of execution
upon a person; at pat (=eptir pat),
after that, thereafter ; connected with
a past part, or adj., at Gamla fallinn,
after the fall of Gamli; at Hrungni
daudan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
at, (i) as the simple mark of the
infinitive, to ; at ganga, at riSa, at
hlaupa, to walk, to ride^ to run; (2)
in an objective sense ; hann bau6
peim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered)
them to go, sit ; gefa e-m at eta, at
drekka, to give one to eat, to drink ;
(3) denoting design or purpose, in
order to (hann gekk i borg at kaupa
silfrj.
at, (i) demonstrative particle before
a comparative, the, all the, so muck
the ; hon gret at meir, she wept the
more; pykkir oss at likara, all the
more likely ; pu ert ma6r at verri (so
much the worse], er pu hefir petta
mash ; (2) rel. pron., who, which>
that( = zr); peir allir, at pau tiSindi
heyrfiu, all those who heard; sem
peim er tftt, at (as is the custom
of those who) kaupferfiir reka.
AT
[22]
AT-FYLGJA
at, conj., that; (i) introducing a
subjective or objective clause ; J)at
var einhverju sinni, at Hoskuldr haf6i
vinabod, it happened once that H. ;
vilda ek, at J>u reSist austr i fjorSu,
/ should like you to go ; (2) relative
to ' sva" ', denoting proportion, degree ;
svd mikill lagamaSr, at, so great a
lawyer, that ; (3) with subj., denoting
end or purpose, in order that (skaru
f>eir fyrir f>a (viz. hestana) melinn, at
t>eir dcei eigi af sulti) ; (4) since, be-
cause, as (=J>vf at); (5) connected
with f>6, bvi, svd ; J>6 at (with subj.),
though, although ; J)vf at, because,
for-, svd at, so that', (6*) temp., J)d at
(=J>a er), when ; pegar at ( = {). er),
rt.y .J0072 as ; bar til at ( = j>. t. er),
#///, ////; 6r at (=. en), before',
(7) used superfluously after an in-
terrog. pron. or adv. ; Olafr spurdi,
hvern styrk at hann mundi fa" honum,
what help he was likely to give him ;
in a relative sense ; me6 fullkomnum
dvexti, hverr at (which] J)ekkr ok
psegiligr mun ver6a.
at, negative verbal suffix, = -a; var-
at, was not.
at, n. an incited conflict or fight (see
etja) ; odda at, Yggs at, battle.
ata (atS), v. to stain, smear.
atall (otul, atalt), a. fierce', otul
augu, fierce, piercing eyes.
at-beini, m. assistance, help.
atblastrar-maSr, m. instigator.
atburSa-lauss, a. eventless, un-
eventful.
at-burc5r, m. (i) occurre?ice, event]
verSr sd atburdr, at, it so happens
that ; drdp BarSar ok J)d atburoi er
>ar hb'fdu or3it, and the events that
had happened there ; (2) incident, cir-
cumstance', O. sagdi honum alia at-
bur5i (all the circumstances, par-
ticulars) um sitt m^l ; i hverjum
atburSum, under what circumstances ;
me8 hverjum atburSum, in what man-
ner, how ; (3) chance, accident ; slikt
kalla ek atburS, en eigi jartegn, such
a thing I call an accident, and not a
miracle ; af atburS, by chance ; acci-
dentally ', me6 atburS, by chance ; per-
adventure, perhaps ; (4) attack', (5)
gesture (med atburS kalla8i hann
mik til sin) ; var hon en fridasta jung-
fru ok vel at atbuiduin, of good man-
ners, well-bred.
at-buna(5r, m. proper outfit, equip-
ment, &C. veita atbunad dau3um
monnum, to lay out dead bodies.
at-djup, n. deep water close to shore ;
-djupr, a. deep close to the shore.
atdrattar-matSr, m., mikill -maQr,
a good housekeeper.
at-drattr, m. provisions, supplies
for household use ; haf6i hann atdrdtt
at peirra bui, he siipplied their hottse-
hold\ atdrsettir ok utvegar, ways and
means.
at-dugna^r, m. assistance, help.
at-eggjan, f. egging on, = ^g}^n.
at-fall, n. rising tide, flood-tide.
atfanga, gen. pi. from atfong, pro-
visions ; -dagr, m. -kveld, n. the
day, or evening, preceding a church
festival ; atf. jola, Christmas Eve ;
-lauss, a. destitute of means of sub-
sistence, without resources', -maSr,
m. = atdra" tt armaSr.
atfara-laust, a. n. without onslaught
or armed aggression (see atfor).
atfarar-domr, m. sentence of execu-
tion (for payment) ; -J>ing, n. court of
execution.
at-fer5, f. (i) proceeding, conduct,
behaviour (skynsamlig atferd) ; vik-
jast eptir atferSum enna fyrri fraenda
pinna, to follow their (good) example ;
(2) activity, energy, (3) attack, as-
sault ; veita e-m atferS, to set upon
one\ (4) a law term, execution (me5
domrofurn ok atferSum).
atfer8ar-bot, f. improvement of con-
duct; -go5r, a. well-behaved', -leysi,
n. inactivity, idleness ; -ma$r, m.
energetic man.
atlerSligr, a.yf/ or manly.
at-ferli, n. action, proceeding, pro-
cedure ' hann spurSist fyrir um atferli
heradsmanna, what they were doing',
-flutning, f. conveyance to a place,
supply ; -fr6tt, f. asking, inquiry.
atfr6ttar-maSr, m. inquirer (e-s,
after something).
at-fundull, a. fault-finding, cen-
sorious', -fylgi, n., -fylgja, f. help.
AT-FYNDILIGR
[23]
AT-KV^BI
backing, support', -fyndiligr, a.
blameable, reprehensible', -fyndli, f.
censoriousness ; -foerala, f. exertion,
activity.
atfberslu-inatSr, m. a man of vigour.
at-for, f. (i) proceeding, method ; (2)
attack ; gera atfor at e-m, veita e-m
atfbr, to make an attack upon ; (3) a
law term, execution (domr ok atfor) ;
-ganga, f. (i) attack, onslaught ; veita
e-m atgongu, to attack ; (2) help,
assistance-, -gangr, m. (l] fighting,
combat; (2) inroad, intrusion; veita
e-m atgang, to intrude upon', (3)
help, co-operation.
atganga-mikill, a. energetic.
atgeirr, m. bill or halberd.
atgengiligr, a. acceptable, inviting.
at-ger5, at-gervi, see atg0rd, at-
gorvi.
at-geyminn, a. careful, mindful,
attentive; -geymsla, f. attention,
heedfulness ; -gsezla, f. care, caution.
at-g0r$, f. (i) achievement (pessa
heims atg0r5ir) ; (2) accomplishment,
ability ; (3) surgical operation (cf.
g0ra at meini) ; (4) pi., measures,
steps taken ; litlar atg0r6ir, small
measures; var eigi vaent til atg0r6a,
there u'erefew expedients.
atg0r$a-lauss, a. inactive, idle ;
-laust er um e-t, no steps are taken ;
-macSr, m. a ready man.
atg0r$ar-ma$r, m. = atg0rvima5r ;
-mikill, a. active, energetic ; -vinr,
m. a friend in deed.
at-g0rvi, f. (or neut.), accomplish-
ments, ability.
atg0rvi-maftr or atgo'rvis-maftr,
m. a man of great (physical) accom-
plishments.
athafnar-lauss, a. inactive; -matSr,
m. an enterprising man.
at-hald, n. (i) constraint, restraint]
(2) ascetic abstinence.
athalds-maSr, m. ascetic ; -taumr,
m. constraining force.
at-hjukan, f. nursing, attendance on
a sick person.
at-hlaup, n. onset, attack ; i einu
athlaupi, in one rush (in a battle) ; tokst
nu f>egar athlaup, a hand to hand fight.
at-hlatr, m. mockery, laughing-
stock; -hloegi,n.= -hlatr ; -hlcegiligr,
a. ridiculous.
athuga-lausa, a. heedless, careless;
-ley si, n. heedlessness ; -litill, a. rather
heedless.
at-hugall, a. heedful, thoughtful,
careful.
atimga-maftr, m. devout person ;
-samliga, adv. attentively ; -samligr,
a. (i) atten five; (2) = -ver5r; -samr,
a. heedful, attentive ; -vert5r, a.
worthy of attention.
at-hugi, m. attention, meditation ;
af ollum athuga, carefully ; flytja fram
bcenir sinar me6 athuga, with devo-
tion ; Iei6a e-t athuga, to reflect upon,
to take into consideration.
athugliga, adv. attentively.
at-hvarf, n. courteous attentions to
any one, in the phrases, g0ra e-m
athvarf, g0ra at athvarfi vid e-n.
at-hyggja, {.attention (me5 allri hug-
arins athyggju) ; -hygli, f. heedful-
ness, attentiveness ; -hyllast, v. refl.,
to cultivate one's friendship ; to side
with (e-n) ; -haefi, n. conduct, beha-
viour, proceeding (i ollu smu athasfi) ;
-haefiligr, a. fit, fitting; -hofn, f. (i)
doings, business; fengin var >eim
onnur athofn, occttpation ; (2) beha-
viour, conduct; -kail, n. demand,
claim ; -kast, n. rebuke, reproach.
atkeri, m. anchor ; see * akkeri '.
at-koma, -kvama, f. (i) arrival;
(2) pain, visitation ; -kominn, pp.
situated (vel, ilia atkominn).
atkvse&a-lauss, a. unimportant, of
no consequence ; -mac5r, m. a man of
importance; -mikill, a. of weight,
influential.
at-kvseSi, n. (i) technical term ; skal
scekja sem J)j6fssok fyrir utan atkvaedi,
with exception of the technical terms,
without calling it theft ; (2) word,
expression ; (3) sound, pronunciation
(atkvaedi nafns hvers peirra) ; (4)
decision ; var f>vi vikit til atkvasda
Mardar, referred to Mard^s decision ;
S. veitti atkvasSi (ordered, decreed], at
hastta skyldi averkum; af atkvaeQi
gudanna, by the gods' decree 5(5) spell,
charm ; atkvasQi Finnunnar, the spell
of the Finnish witch.
AT-IiAQA
[24]
AUD-KENDR
at-laga, f. ( i) laying the ships along-
side for attack in a sea-fight, attack,
assault (also on land); (2) landing,
without notion of fight (jarl skipaoi
svd fyrir um atloguna).
at-lat, n. compliance ; atldt synda,
indulgence in sin.
atlatsamr, a. compliant (e-u).
atlxgu-skip, n. a ship engaged in
battle.
atmselasamr, a. fault finding.
at-mfflli, n. blame, censure ; -rds, f.
Jiarge, attack ; -reitS, f. (l) riding at ;
(2) charge of horse.
atrei(5ar-ass, m. quintain-post.
at-rekandi, m. vigorous efforts,
great exertions.
at-renna, f. running knot, noose,
slip-knot.
atrennu-lykkja, f. = atrenna.
at-r6(5r, m. ( I ; rowing towards ; (2)
rowing against the enemy (to make
an attack).
atsaxnr, a. quarrelsome, conten-
tious.
at-seta, f. residence ; hafa atsetu e-s
stadar, to reside, esp. of kings ; -setr,
n. = -seta.
at-skelking, f. derision, ridicule.
atsk'ljanligr, a. various, different.
atskjaldaftr, a. covered with shields.
atskjotaftr, a. situated', ilia atskjot-
a6r, badly off.
at-sokn, f. (l) onslaught, attack ;
(2) run of visitors or guests seeking
hospitality (fong voru litil, en atsokn
mikil).
ats6knar-ma(5r, m. aggressor.
at-spurning, f. inquiry ; Iei6a at-
spurningum um e-5, to make inquiries
about a thing.
at-stat5a, f. (l) assistance, support',
(2) zeal', (3) importunity, obtnision ;
-staddr, a. situated, circumstanced
{vel, ilia atstaddr) ; -stunning, f.
-stutSningr, m., -stc(5, f. support,
assistance-, -sugr, m., only in the
phrase, bora frekan atsug til e-s, to
lay vigorous claim to ; -^vif, n. inci-
dent, bearing', -tekinn, pp. =-staddr ;
-tekt, f. state, condition.
at-tonn, f. tusk, = vfgtonn (cf. at, n.).
at-veizla, f. assistance (cf. *veita
at ') ; -verknaSr, m. work, esp. in
haymaking; varf>6rgunnu aetlat nauts-
f66r til atverknaQar, to toss and dry it.
at-vik, n. (l) esp. in plur., details,
particulars ; eptir atvikum, according
to the circumstances of the case ; greina
e-t mefl atvikum, circumstantially,
(2) concession', (3) onset, assault,
atvigi.
at-vinna, f. (l) assistance, support',
(2) means of subsistence.
atvinnu-lauss, a. without means of
subsistence.
at-vist, f. presence, esp. the act of
being present at a crime ; vera i atsokn
ok atvist, to be present and a par-
taker in the onslaught; atvistar
-matSr, m. aider and abettor.
at-vigi, n. onset, onslaught.
atyrSa f-rSa, -rSr), v. to rebuke ;
-yr&i, n. pi. abusive words.
auS- adverbial prefix to a great many
adjectives, adverbs, and participles
(opp. to tor-), easily ; -becSinn, pp.
easily persuaded; -bcenn, a. easily
moved by entreaty ; -boettr, pp. easily
compensated for ; -eggjaSr, pp. easily
egged on; -fenginn, pp., -fengr, a.
easy to get ; -fundinn, pp., -fyndr, a.
easy to find; -fundit (-fynt), easy to
perceive, clear; -fcerr, a. (l) easy to
pass I -fcerr vegr) ; (2) easily accessible.
autSga (a(5) , v. to enrich (a. e-n e-u) ;
refl., auSgast, to grow wealthy.
auft-gengr, a. easy to pass (sti'gr
-gengr) ; -gaBtligr, a., -gffltr, a. easy
to get ; -gorr, pp. easily done ; -heyrt,
pp. n. easily heard, clear.
auS-hof, n., -hcefi, n. pi. riches, =
auScefi.
auftigr and autSugr, a. rich, wealthy
(a. at fe) ; skip mikit ok auSigt, with
a rich lading.
aucat, pp. n. of an obs. verb ; e-m
verfir e-s au., it falls to ones lot; oss
varS eigi peirrar hamingju au., this
good fortune was not destined for us ;
\>6 at mer verfii lifs au., though life be
granted to me ; haffli J>eim or6it sigrs
au., they had won the day; var6 J)eim
eigi erfingja au., to them no heir was
granted; au. fe, means possessed.
auft-kendr, pp. easy to recognize, of
AUD-KENNI
[25]
AUDUGR
distinguished appearance ; -kenni,
n. mark, distinction ; -kenniligr, a.
easy to recognize ; -keyptr, pp. easily
bought^ cheap ; -kjorinn, pp. easily
chosen, easy to decide on ; -kumall,
a. tender, delicate, easily hurt or
wounded; -kumall i skapi, irritable ;
kvaddr, pp. easily moved (vdru menn
til J)css -kvaddir).
au6-kvisa, f., -kvisi, m. ; see ' au-
kvisi '.
auc5-kvaB(5r, a. easily talked over,
easily moved, pliable.
auft-kymli, f. 'weakness (J)d varp
hon af se'r -kymli konunnar).
auft-kyfingr, m. a man of great
wealth.
auS-lattr, pp. easily kej. t in check ;
-latinn, pp. of easy, affable manners,
complaisant.
auft-legS, f. wealth, riches ; -maSr,
m. wealthy man ; -mildingr, m.
generous, free-handed man.
auS-mjiikliga, adv. (l) humbly ; (2)
easily ; -mjukligr, a. humble (aud-
mjukligt bcenarbref) ; -mjukr, a. (i)
humble^ meek ; (2) pliable, docile ;
-munaftr, pp. easily remembered ';
-mykja (-ta, -tr), v. (i) /# humble;
au6-mykja sik, /0 humble oneself; (2)
to make pliable ; -mykt, f. meekness,
humility.
autSn, f. (\)wilderness, desert (ufceri-
ligar au5nir) ; (2) uninhabited and un-
cultivated tract of land, waste (byg-
6ust J)d margar au5nir landsins) ;
(3) deserted farm or habitation (sd
boerhet si'San a HrappstoSum, ]par cr
nu au5n>; (4) desolation; riki mitt
stendr mjok til audnar, is in a state
of desolation ; liggja (leggja) i aufln, to
lie (to lay] waste ; (5) destruction
(au5n borgarinnar).
auftna, f. (\]fate; a. mun J)vi r^5a,
Fate must settle that ; (2) ^w^ for-
tune ; me6 au5nu peirri, at f^orkatli
var lengra li'fs audit, by that good
fortune that longer life was destined
for Thorkel.
auSna, f. desolation, =ZM&I\.
au^na (atS), v. impers. to fall out
by fate ; ef honum au5na6i eigi aptr
at koma, if he did not have the good
fortune to return ; ef gu5 vill, at pess
au5ni, that it shall succeed; sem
auSnar, as luck decides.
auftnar-glutr, n. squandering, pro-
digality ; -1ms, n. deserted house;
-ma(5r, m. destroyer ; -6(5al, n. im-
poverished estate ; -sel, n. deserted
shieling; -statSr, m. a desert place.
au&nu-laus3, a. luckless ; -maSr,
m. lucky man, favourite of fortune ;
-samliga, aAv. fortunately.
auf-nsemiligr, a. easy to learn.
aut5-n89mr, a. easily learned, soon
got by heart.
au6r, a. empty, void, desolate ; husin
voru au5, uninhabited ; au5 skip
( = hrodin), empty ships, all the crew
being slain or put to flight ; a. af
monnum, void of people; a. at yndi,
devoid of pleasure, cheerless.
auSr, m. riches, wealth ; au5r fjar,
great wealth ; audr er valtastr vina,
wealth is the ficklest of friends.
auft-rarS, n. o/^rt/M,=au6raedi.
aucS-rat5inn, pp. (i) easily explained
(of a dream) ; (2) easy to manage (of
a boat) ; -ia(5r, a. pliable, yielding.
au<5-rann, n. rfccA house ; -rseSi, n.
pi. means, property, wealth ; -salir,
m. pi. rich (splendid} halls.
auft-senn, pp. easily seen, evident ;
-skilligr, a. easy to understand;
-skreitSr, a. = 6rskreic5r ; -skoeftr, a.
easily damaged, delicate, tender;
-sottligr, a. (i) easy to perform, an
easy task (J)6tti f>etta eigi vera -sott-
ligt) ; (2) that can easily be taken by
force (borg -sottlig) ; -sottr, pp. easy
to win (mdl -sott) ; audsottr til boena,
pliable, yielding.
auc5-stafr, m. poet, wealthy man.
aux5-3veipr, a. pliable, yielding.
aucS-syna (-da, -dr), v. to show,
exhibit ; refl., -synast, to appear clear-
ly ; -syniliga, adv. clearly ; -syniligr,
a. evident, clear ; -syning, f. making
evident, explanation ; -synn, a. easily
seen, clear, evident ; -sssligr, a.
= -syniligr ; -SCBP, a. = -synn ; -trua,
a. indecl., -triiinn, a. credulous;
-tryggi, f. simplicity, credulity ;
-tryggr, a. simple-hearted, credulous.
auftugr, a. ; see ' au&igr '.
AUB-VELDA
[26J
AUKA
auft-velda (aft), v. to make easy,
take lightly.
au&velda-verk, n. an easy task.
auS-veldi, n. easiness, facility ; med
-veldi, easily; -veldliga, adv. (i)
easily, lightly; taka -veldliga d e-u,
to make light of\ (2) without re-
luctance, willingly ; -veldligr, a. easy
to overcome (hversu -veldlig su borg
var); -veldr, a. -velliligr, a. (i)
easy \ (2) complian t.
au(5-vir<5a, &c. ; see ' afvirda '.
auS-vita(5, pp. n. easy to know,
clear, evident; -vist, a. n.. = -vita3.
au<5-l>ri:fligr, a. weakly, feeble.
auc5-cefi, n.p\.opulence t wealth, riches.
aufi, interj. wee! alas/; a. mer or
a. mik, woe is me /
aufusa or aufusa, f. thanks, grati-
tude, satisfaction, pleasure ; kunna
e-m aufusu fyrir e-t, to be thankful,
obliged to one, for a thing ; gefa e-m
aufusu, to thank ; e-m er au. d e-u,
one is pleased, gratified, with ; ef y6r
er l>ar nokkur au. d, if it be any
pleasure to you ; var monnum mikil
au. d bvf, were much pleased by it.
aufusu-gestr, m. a welcome guest,
opp. to ' andvara-gestr ' ; -lauss, a.
ungrateful, unthankful ; -orS, n.
thanks ; -svipr, m. friendly mien.
auga (gen. pi. augna), n. eye ; luka
(bregfla) upp augum, bregSa augum
i sundr, to open (lift up] the eyes;
luka aptr augum, to shut the eyes ;
renna (bregSa, leifla) augum til e-s,
to turn the eyes to ; leiSa e-n augum,
to measure one with the eyes; berja
augum i e-t, to take into consideration ;
koma augum d e-t, to set eyes on,
become aware of; hafa augu d e-u, to
have, keep, an eye ttpon ; segja e-m
e-t i augu upp, to one^s face, right in
the face ; unna e-m sem augum f
hofSi ser, as one's own eye-balls ; e-m
vex e-t i augu, one has scruples abotit ;
ndit er nef augum, the nose is neigh-
bour to the eyes ; gloggt er gests augat,
a guest s eye is sharp ; morg eru dags
augu, the day has many eyes ; eigi
leyna augu, ef ann kona manni, the
eyes cannot hide it if a woman love a
man ; (2) hole, aperture in a needle
(ndlarauga), in a millstone (kvarnar-
auga) or an axe-head ; (3) pit full of
water.
auga-bora, f. socket of the eye ;
-brag5, n. (i) twinkling of an eye,
moment; d einu augabragSi, in the
twinkling of an eye ; (2) glance, look ;
snart -bragd, a keen glance ; hafa
-bragd af e-u, d e-u, to cast a look at;
(3) a butt for ridicule; hafa e-n at
-bragcH, to make sport of, to ridicule ;
verfta at -bragQi, to become a laughing-
stock ; -bragftligr, a. (i ) momentary ;
(2) instantaneous; -statSr, m. socket
of tke eye ; -steinn, m. apple (or
pupil] of the eye.
aug-brd, f. eye-lashes ; -dapr, a.
weak-sighted; -fagr, a. = augnafagr ;
-lit, n. face t countenance ; fyrir (or f)
gu6s augliti, before the face of God;
-Ijos, n., in the phrase, koma i -Ijos,
to come to light, appear; -]joss, a.
clear, manifest.
augna-bending, f. a warning look
or glance; -bragS, n. = augabragd ;
-fagr, a. fair-eyed, having beautiful
eyes; -fullr, &. full of eyes ; -gaman,
n. delight of the eyes ; -karl, m. pan
of the hip-joint; -kast, n. wild
glance ; -lag, n. look ; -mein, n.
disease of the eye ; -myrkvi, m, dim-
ness of the eye ; -sjaldr, n. eyeball^
pupil; -skot, n. (i) look, glance of
the eye ; (2) measure by the eye (at
augnaskoti) ; -staSr, m. = augasta6r ;
-sveJnn, m. a lad leading a blind
man ; -verkr, m. pain in the eye ;
-{mngi, m. heaviness of the eye.
aug-sjandi, pr. p. seeing with one's
own eyes; at augsjdndum postulum
sinum, in sight of his apostles ; -sjon,
f. = augsyn; -surr, a. blear-eyed,
sureygr ; -syn, f. sight ; koma i -syn
e-m, to appear before him ; i -syn
e-m, in the face of; -synast (d), v.
refl. to appear clearly ; -syniliga,
adv. visibly ; -syniligr, a. visible ;
-synn, a. = auS-synn, aug-ljoss.
auk, adv. and conj. (I) besides, ^
auki (hundraS manna ok auk kappar
hans) ; (2) a/so, = dk.
auka (eyk, jok, jokum, aukinn), v.
(i) to augment, increase (a. virSing
AUKA
[27]
AUSA
e-s ; a. sett sma ; a. vandraedM) ; to pro-
long (a. l)ing) ; aukanda ferr um e-t,
something goes on increasing; eigi
er f>at aukit (it is no exaggeration]
f>6 at hann se sagSr rikastr madr d.
Islandi ; orSum aukit, exaggerated;
aukin (more than) >rju hundrutf
manna ; (2) /0 <z^/, with dat. (jok ek
bvi es mer vard si<3ar kunnara) ; a.
synd a synd ofan, to heap sin upon
sin ; a. e-u \\,toadd; aukast or<5um
vi6, to come to words, to converse ;
with ace., a. ny vandrcedi ( = ny)um
vandrcetfum) d hin fornu, to add new
difficulties to the old ones; impers.,
jok storum um hans harm, his grief
increased greatly ; (3) to surpass, ex-
ceed; >at er eykr sex aura,J)a a konungr
hcilit >at er eykr, if it exceeds six
ounces, the king takes half the excess.
auka (aft), v. (a Norse form) = the
preceding.
auka-gorcS, f. unnecessary work.
auka-hlutr, m., at -hlut, 'in addition,
to boot, z.\. auk.
aukan, f. increase, augmentation.
auka-nafn, n. nickname, additional
name; -smi(5i, n. superfluo^ts thing;
-tungl, n. intercalary moon ; -verk,
n. superfluous work.
auki, m. (i) addition, increase (a.
fagnaSar, pinsla) ; verSa at moldar
auka, to become dust, to die ; til auka,
in addition, to boot ; fcerast i alia auka
(afls sins), to exert to the utmost one's
bodily strength ; (2) seed, progeny,
offspring (eigi gaft pu mer auka e<5r
afkvcemi) ; (3) produce of the earth ;
(4) interest of capital.
auk-nefna (-da, -dr), v. to nick-
name ; -nefhi, n. contemptttous name,
nickname (eigi em ek bastarSr nema
at -nefni, of William the Conqueror),
aukning, f. increase.
aukvisi, m. degenerate person,
laggard (einn er au. asttar hverrar).
auma, f. misery, in the phrase, sj
aumu or aumur a e-m, to take pity
upon ; cf. ' arma '.
aum-hjartaSr, a. tender-hearted,
charitable.
aumingi f-ja), m. miserable person,
"wretch (guds aumingi).
aumka (at$), v. to commiserate, to
feel pity for (a person, &c.).
aumkan, f. lamentation, wailing.
aum-leikr, m. misery, wretchedness ;
-liga, adv. piteously, wretchedly ;
-ligleikr, m.= -leikr ; -ligr, a., poor,
miserable (aumligr ok hormuligr).
aumr, a. poor, miserable, unhappy,
wretched.
aum-staddr, pp. in a poor, wretched
state ; miserably situated.
aura-, gen. pi. from aurar ; see
' eyrir '.
aura-dagr, m. pay-day ; -lag, n.
standard of money ; -Ian, n. worldly
luck; -logan, f. sqitandering of
money, profuseness ; -lykt, f. pay-
ment ; -skortr, m. scarcity of money ;
taka, f. receipt of money.
aur-borS, n. the second plank from
the keel of a boat.
aur-gati, m. ; see ' 0rgati '.
aurigr (ace. aurgan), a. clayey,
muddy.
aurr, m. moist earth, clay, mud
(aurr etr iljar, en ofan kuldi).
aurricSa-bekkr, m. trout-stream ;
-fiski, n. trout-fishery ; -net, n. trout-
net; -vatn, n. a lake with trout.
aurritSi, m. salmon-trout.
aur-skor, m. ' mud-shoe ', horse-
shoe ; -akrifta, f. landslip.
ausa (eys, jo3, josum, ausinn), v.
to sprinkle, pour, with dat.; f>asr taka
hvern dag vatn i brunninum ok ausa
(viz. J>vi) upp yfir askinn,/i?^r it over
the ash-tree; a. sild or netjum, to
empty the nets of the herrings ; fig., a.
sauri e-n, to bespatter with abuse;
a. e-m e-u i augu upp, to throw . . .in
one's face; (2) a. e-n (or e-t) e-u, to
besprinkle with a thing ; a. e-n moldu,
to sprinkle with earth, to bury ; a.
barn vatni, a sort of baptism in the
heathen age (Sigurdr jarl jos sveininn
vatni ok kalladi Hdkon); (3) with
ace., to bale ; a. skip upp, to bale the
ship out; fig., a. bdt sinn, to make
water ; (4) ot a horse, to kick or lash
out with the hind legs.
ausa, f. ladle ; ekki er enn sopit, 6
i ausuna se komit, there's many a
'twixt the cup and the lip.
AUS-KER
[28]
AY
aus-ker, n. = austrs-ker.
ausli, m. ; see ' auvisli, usli '.
austan, a.dv.fr0?n the east ; d austan,
blowing from east ; fyrir austan ( as a
prep, with ace.), east of', (2) without
motion, on the eastern side (brju hli5
voru austan d borginni) ; (3) with gen.,
to the east of (austan drinnar ; austan
fjarSar).
austan-fer<5, f. journey from the
east; -gola, f . light breeze from the east ;
-kvama, f. arrival from the east ;
-rnarcS, m. a man from the east ; -veftr,
n. easterly gale ; -vercr, a. eastern,
easterly ; -vindr, m. east 'wind.
austar-liga, adv., -ligr, a. easterly.
austarr, adv. compar. more to the
east ; austast, adv. superl. most to
the east ; austastr, a. superl. most
easterly, easternmost.
aust-nrtSingr, m. one from the east
of Iceland; -fir<5ir, m. pi. the eastjirths
of Iceland; -firzkr, a. from the east
firths (in Iceland}.
aust-ker, n. = austrs-ker.
aust-m a(5r , m. ' eastman\ a man
from the east ; in Iceland and in the
Orkneys, a man from Norway.
austr, n. (i) the east (sol f austri ;
til austrs) ; (2) as adv., in the east (ek
var a. ok dna vardak) ; towards the
east (bu vart a. sendr).
austr (-T3 or -rar), m. (i) the act of
baling out water; standa i austri, to
be engaged in baling; (2) bilge-water
(skipit ftillt af austri).
austr-att, f. = austrsett.
austr-biti, m. a cross-beam near the
baling-place (in a ship).
austrfarar - knorr, m., -skip, n.
vessel bound for the Baltic.
austr-fertS, -for, f. voyage to the
east, esp. to Russia or the eastern
Baltic.
austr-halfa, f . ( I ) the eastern part ;
hennar (of Europe] -hdlfa ; (2) Asia
( = austr-halfa heimsins).
austrhalfu-lySr, m., -ftjotS, {.people
of the east.
austr-kendr, a. easterly (var veSrit
austrkennt).
austr-ker, n.
austr-ligr, a. eastern.
austr-lond, n. pi. the East.
austr-mal, n. turn at baling.
austr-oka ( aft), v. to lavish, squander
(-oka f^ smu).
austr-riki, n. the eastern empire^
esp. the east of Europe ; also of Asia.
austr-rum, n. the baling-place in a
ship.
austr s-ker, n. scoop, bucket for bal-
ing out water.
austr-vegr, m. the east, esp. the east-
ern Baltic, Russia.
austrvegs-konungr, m. king of
Russia; -konungar, the three kings
from the east ; -macSr, m. inhabitant
of the austrvegr.
austr-astt, f. eastern region of the
heaven, east.
aust-rcenn, a. eastern, coming from
the east ; -roen gola, easterly breeze ;
-rcenn ma6r=austma5r ; -rcenn viQr,
timber from Norway.
aust-skota, f. .swtf/, = austrs-ker.
auvi, interj. a/as/ = a.ufi (auvi mdr
veslugri).
auvirftast (ac), v. refl., to become
worthless, = afvirdast.
auvir5i, n. (i) worthless wretch;
(2) a law term, damage, anything im-
pairing the value of a thing.
auvirftiligr, a. worthless, wretched.
auvircSis - macSr, m. a worthless
wretch.
auvirSskapr, m. worthlessness.
auvisla-bot, f. compensation for
damage.
auvisli (af, vesall), m., contr. ausli,
usli; (i) a law term, damage ; bceta
auvisla, to pay compensation for dam-
age done ; (2) hurt, injury in general ;
setja undan ollum auvisla, to get off
unscathed.
ax, n. ear of corn.
axar-, see ' 0xar- '.
ax-helm a, f. stalk and ear of corn.
axlar-bein, n. shoulder-bone ^ shoul-
der-blade ; -li(5r, m. shoulder-joint.
axl-byrcr, f. load borne on the shoul-
der (6x1) ; -bar, a. as high as a man's
shoulder (axlhdr e-m).
ay, interj. = auvi (ay me'r veslugri).
[29]
A
d, prep., A. with dat. I. of place;
(1) on, upon, in ; d golfi, on the floor',
hendi, on the hand (of a ring) ; d sjd
ok landi, on sea and land; a bokum
enskum, in English books ; d himni,
in heaven ; d jor5u, on earth ; hafa
lykil d ser, . . . on one 's person ; vera d
f>ingi, /# <<? present at a meeting vera
d skogi, /# ^ out in a forest (of a
hunter, robber, deer) ; peer eyjar
liggja d Brei(3afir5i, . . . i n Broadjirth ;
(2) in connexion with proper names
of countries, esp. those ending in
'-land', in ; a Englandi, Irlandi,
Skotiandi, Bretlandi, Groenlandi,
Islandi, &c., d Mceri, Ogfium, Fjolum ;
a Myrum (in Iceland) ; d Finnmb'rk,
d Fjoni (a Danish island), but i Dan-
mork, Svi]5J65 ; also before names of
Icel. farms denoting open spaces ; d
l^orisstoQum, d MoSruvollum, d Fit-
jum. II. of time ; (i) ditring, in the
course of', nott, by night; a degi,
by day ; d pvi ari, vari, sumri, in that
year, spring, summer ; a prem sum-
rum, in the course of three summers ;
var hann d fdm dogum heill, within
few days ; a dogum e-s, in the days of,
in his reign or time; (2) used cf a
fixed recurrent period or season ; d
vdrum, sumrum, haustum, vetruin,
every spring, summer, &c. ; d kveld-
um, in the evening; prisvar d. dri,
mdnu3i, three times a year, a month.
III. fig. and in various relations ; (i)
denoting personal relation, in, to,
towards; bceta e-t d. e-m, to make
amends to one (personally) ; sjd. d e-m,
to read on or in one's face ; hafa
elsku (hatr) a e-m, to bear love
(hatred) to one; rjufa sastt a e-m,
to break a truce on one; (2) with a
reflexive pron., denoting personal
appearance, temper, look ; vera
J)ungr, lettr a. ser, to be heavy or light
(either bodily or mentally) ; kdtr ok
lettr d. ser, of a gay and light disposi-
tion ; J)at bragfi hafSi hann d ser, he
looked as if; syna fdleika d. ser, to
show displeasure; (3) as periphrasis
of the possessive pron. or a genitive ;
hann retti a ser fingrna, he stretched
his Jingers ; fotrinn a honum, hisjoot ;
i vorunum a honum, in his lips ;
stafn, skutr, arar, segl a skipi, the
stem, stern, oars, sail of a ship ; blo5
d. tre, leaves of a tree ; egg d sver6i =
sverdsegg; (4) denoting instru-
mentality, by, by means of; afla fjard
holmgongum, to make money by
duelling; fella e-n d bragSi, . . . by a
trick (in wrestling) ; komast undan d
flotta, to escape by flight ; (5) with
numerals ; a pridja tigi manna,
between twenty and thirty ; d niunda
\\<g\,between eighty and ninety years of
age ; d 6'Qru hundrafii skipa, with
above a hundred sail ; (6) in many
adverbial phrases ; d Kfi, alive ; d
brautu, away; d floti, afloat; d milli,
between ; d laun, secretly ; d moti,
against ; d enda, at an end ; d flugi,
a-flying, in the air ; d gangi, walking;
d skjdlfi, a-shivering; a hleri, a-
listening; a vei6um, a-Jiunting; d
beit, a-grazing; (7) used absol. in
reference to the air or the weather ;
poka var a mikil, a thick fog was on ;
allhvast a nordan, very strong breeze
from the north ; g0rSi d regn, rain
came on. B. with ace. I. of place;
(i) indicating direction with or with-
out motion, towards, to, on, upon ;
ganga a land, to go ashore ; ganga d
skog, into the wood ; sti'ga d skip, to
go on board; d bsedi bord, on both
sides (of the ship) ; d hlid, sidewise;
hoggva d tvaer hendr, to hew or strike
right and left ; stefna d fotinn, to aim
at the foot ; gekk vtcSrit d vestr, the
wind veered to the west ; hdrit tok
ofan d belti, reached down to the belt ;
reka austr d haf, to drift eastwards
on the sea ; (2) in some cases the ace.
is used instead of the dat., esp. with
verbs denoting to hear or to see ; J)eir
sd bofia mikinn inn d fjorSinn, they
saw great breakers away in the flrth ;
with phrases denoting to be placed,
seated, to sit, the seat is freq. in
A
[30]
ABURBAR-SAMR
ace. ; sitja d mi3jan bekk, to be seated
on the middle bench ; skyldi konungs
saeti vera a" J>ann bekk ; (3) denoting
parts of the body ; bita e-n d barka,
to bite one in the throat ; skera e-n d
hdls, to cut ones throat '; kalinn d kne,
frozen (frost-bitten) up to the knee.
II. of time ; (i) connected with
1 evening, morning, the seasons' with
the article ; d kveldit, every evening',
d sumarit, every summer; d vetrinn,
in the winter-time-, the plur., how-
ever, is much more common in such
cases ; d naetrnar,y night, every night;
& morgnana, in the morning, every
morning ; d kveld in, in the evening ; d
vdrin,z>/ spring', d sumrin,/ summer',
d haustin, in aiitumn (cf. A. II. I.) ;
* dagr ' is always used in sing, with
the art. suffixed ; d daginn, during
the day-time, every day in turn ;
(2) denoting a movement onward in
time ; er leid d vetrinn (daginn,
kveldit, nottina), as the winter, &c.,
wore on. III. fig. and in various
relations; (i) on, upon, to-, bjotSa
voxtu d feit, to offer interest on the
money ; fd d e-n, to make an im-
pression upon ; koma d rceSu vid e-n,
to enter into talk with, to speak with ;
(2) of colour, complexion, in respect
of, in regard to ; hvitr, jarpr, d0kkr
d hdr, having white, brown, dark
hair; d0kkr d horund, of dark com-
plexion ; (3) denoting skill, dexterity ;
hagr d tre, a good carpenter; hagr d
jdrn, mdlm, an expert worker in iron,
metals ; fimr d boga, good at the bow ;
meistari d horpusldtt, a master in
harp-playing; mikill d iprott, highly
accomplished; frceQimaSrd landnams-
sogur ok forna frceSi, a great scholar
in history and antiquities ; (4) denot-
ing dimensions ; d has5 (lengd, breidd,
dypt), in height (length, breadth,
depth] ; (5) denoting instrumentality ;
bjargast d sinar hendr, to live on the
work of one's own hands; vega d
skdlir, to weigh in scales ; nefna e-n
d nafn, by name ; (6) denoting man-
ner; d pessa lund, in this wise; d
marga (ymsa, alia) vega, in many
(various, all) respect s\ esp. of a
language ; msela, rita d e-a tungu, to
speak, write in a tongue ; d Irsku, in
Irish ; (7) in some phrases the ace.
is used instead of the dat. ; hann let
ekki d sik finna, he showed no sign of
motion ; (8) in distributive sense ;
skal mork kaupa gaszlu d ku eSr oxa, a
mark . . .for every cow ; (9) connected
with nouns, in prepositional and ad-
verbial phrases ; d hendr e-m,
against ; d hcela e-m, at one's heels,
dose behind ; d bak e-m, at the back
of, behind; d braut, away ; d vixl, so
as to cross, cross-wise.
d (gen. ar, pi. ar, gen. d, dat. am),
f. river ; her kemr a til saevar, here the
river runs into the sea, fig., = Mz'j is
the very end.
a-auki, m. (i) increase; (2) interest
of money, yield, profit ; (3) reward.
a-austr (-rs), m. abusive language.
a-barning, f. ( I ) thrashing, flogging
(=barsmid) ; (2) assault (of the Evil
One), temptation.
a-batan, f. = dbati.
a-bati, m. profit, gain.
a-ber serai, f. disposition to accuse.
a-bla,3inn, pp. inspired (bok guSliga
dblasin).
a-blaaning, f. (i) breathing upon
(med elds a.) ; (2) gramm., aspiration ;
(3) inspiration ; a-blastr, m. (i)
breathing upon ; (2) inspiration.
abota-dcemi, n. abbacy, abbotship ;
-kosning, f. election of an abbot ;
-ligr, a. abbatial; -sonr, m. son of an
abbot; -sttt, f. the rank, dignity oj
an abbot ; -stofa, f. abbot's parlour ;
-sseti, n. seat of an abbot ; -vald, n.
the power, dignity of an abbot.
abota-vant, a. n. in need of im-
provement, imperfect (par er honum
J)6tti -vant um kristnihaldit).
aboti, m. abbot.
a-breit$a, f., a-breizl, n. bed-cover-
ing, counterpane.
a-bruSigr, a. = afbruSigr ; abrySa,
v. = afbry5a; a-bryt5i, f. = afbrydi.
abur5ar-klae5i, n. pi. fine clothes,
showy dress ; -kona, f. a showy,
dressy woman ; -maftr, m. showy
person, dandy ; -mikill, a. puffed up,
showy ; -samligr, -samr, a. showy.
A-BURBR
[31]
A-GANGR
a-burftr, m. (i) charge; (2) salve,
ointment; (3) pomp or bravery in
dress (cf. 'berast mikit d').
a-biicS, f. (i ) tenancy ; ef land spillist
i dbud bans, during his tenancy; (2)
duties of a tenant.
abuftar-rnatSr. m. # inhabitant;
-skylda, f. duties of a tenant.
a-bunatSr, m. tenancy ( = abu5).
a-byrg(5, 1. responsibility; vera id.
um e-t, to be responsible for ; vera or
a. um e-t, to be exempt from responsi-
bility in a case; hafa mikit i a., /#
^tf-z/^ much at stake ; e-t er i dbyrgQ-
um vi5 mik, 7 ; responsible for it.
abyrgSar-fullr, a. full of responsi-
bility, responsible; -hlutr, m. an
object, matter involving risk and
responsibility; -lauss, a. irresponsi-
ble, free from risk ; -litill, a. involv-
ing little risk ; -raS, n. responsible
step ; -samligr, a. momentous, very
important.
a-byrgja (-c5a, -ftr), v. to make one
answerable for (a. e-m e-t or e-t a"
hendi e-m) ; refl., abyrgjast e-t, to
answer for, warrant.
a-boeli, n. tenancy, farm, = dbu5.
a$an, adv. (i) before (longu a.);
(2) a little while ago (Kolr for fra
sell a.).
aftr, adv. (i) already (ek hef d<3r
raSit brullaup mitt) ; (2) before, here-
tofore ; litlii (longu) d., a little while
(long) before; (3) =a6r en, previous
to the time when, before, ere ; J>eir
hof5u skamma hriS seti(5 a. par kom
Gunnhildr, they had sat but a short
while before G. came ; dou margir a.
beir koemi til fyrirheitsjardar, before
they came to the land of promise ; (4)
until, till (>at var svipstund ein a.
stofan brann) ; (5) sem a., neverthe-
less, for all that (hon bad hann bat
eigi gera, en hann tekr hana sem a.).
a-dreifing, f. sprinkling upon.
at5r-nefndr, pp. before mentioned.
a-drykija, f. the act of drinking to ;
sitja fyrir adrykkju e-s, to sit over
against one as his drinking-mate
(regarded as a mark of honour).
a-drykkr, m. a wave dashing over
a ship.
a-eggja (aft), v. to egg or urge on, to
exhort (a. e-m).
a-eggjan, f. egging on, instigation.
aeggjanar-fifl, n. a fool or tool
egged on by another (hafa e-n at
-fifli); -gre : nir, f. pi. exhortations;
-op, n. encouraging shout.
a-eggjari, m. instigator (deggjari
gloepa).
dfa, f. disturbance, quarrel, strife.
a-fall, n. (i) heavy sea (dashing over
a ship) ; (2) law term, imposition of a
fine (a. sektar) ; (3) =a"felli, calamity,
visitation.
afalls-domr, m. sentence of condem-
nation or punishment*
a-fang, n. (i) laying hands upon,
rough handling (var6 hann fyrir
miklu spotti ok alangi) ; (2) mulct,
fine, incurred by illegal seizure of
another man's goods ; sex aura a.,
a fine of six ounces.
a-fangi, m. = dfang 2.
a-fangr, m. ; see ai-vangr.
a-fastr, a. fastened to, joined to.
a-fatt, a. n. defective, faulty.
a-felli, n. calamity ; standa undir
aTelli, to be under great hardship ;
hvert a. jarl hafSi veitt honum, what
penalties the earl had laid on him.
afellis-domr, m. condemnation.
a-fenginn, pp., -fengr, a. intoxicat-
ing (a\ mjoSr, drykkr).
a-flog, n. pi. brawl, fighting.
a-form, n. arrangement.
a-forma (at5), v. to arrange about a
thing (um e-t).
a-fram, adv. forward, onward; fell
hann d., on the face ; komst aldri
lengra a. fyrir honum um skaldskap-
inn, he never got any further in his
verse-making; he'ldu f>eir d. leidina,
they held forward on their way.
a-fra, prep._/r<5w, = frd (a. J)eim degi).
d-fryja, v. = fryja d e-n.
a-fryja, f. reproach, rebuke.
a-fysi, f. gratification, satisfaction
(oss er engi d. at).
a-foera (-oa, -5r), v. to reproach.
a-ganga, f. = dgangr (veita e-m
agongu).
a-gangr, m. molestation, annoyance,
assault, aggression.
AGANQ-SAMR
[32]
AHUQA-MADB
agang-samr, a. aggressive.
agangs-matSr, m. an aggressor (vi5
mfna agangsmenn).
a-gau(5, f. barking (at one) ; abusive
language ; veita e-m mikla agauS, to
abuse grossly.
a-gengiligr, a. acceptable, agreeable.
a-gengt, a. n., e-m verQr agengt, one
is exposed to dgangr.
a-gildi, n. value of a ewe (aer).
a-gildr, a., of a ewe's value.
a-girnast (d), v. refl. to covet ', lust
after (dgirnast e-t = girnast d e-t) ; a-
girnd, f. (i) ardent desire, ambition ;
(2) cupidity, avarice (hann haf3i
dregit undir sik Finnskattinn me3
dgirnd).
agirndar-bal, n., -eldr, -logi, m.
flame of ambition or cupidity ; -lostr,
m. vice (passion] of avarice.
a-girni, f. (ij ambition ; (2) greed,
cupidity.
agirnis-fullr, a. avaricious, selfish.
a-gjarn, a. (i) ambitioits (a. ok
fegjarn) ; d. til fjar, covetous ; (2)
impetuous, eager (kappar dgjarnir ok
ohrasddir).
agjarn-liga, adv. (i) eagerly, vehe-
mently ; (2) with greed or cupidity ;
-ligr, a. proceeding from cupidity or
avarice (-lig ran).
agofta-hlutr, m. profitable share.
a-gocSi, m. gain, profit, benefit.
a-grip, n., in the phrase, litill
dgripum, small of size.
agaBta (-tta, -ttr), v. to praise or
commend highly.
agfflta-, gen. pi. from ' ^gaeti ', is
prefixed to many words to express
something capital, excellent', -g6(5r,
a. excellent ; -gripr, m. capital thing ;
naut, n. fine ox ; -skjotr, a. very
swift ; -vel, adv. excellently well.
ageeti, n. glory, fame, renown,
excellence in pi., glorious deeds
(mikil agasti voru sogd af Gunnari) ;
gera e-t at agaetum, to praise highly.
agaetingr, m. = dga2tisma5r, agastr
madr.
agS3tis-, gen. from *agseti', prefixed
to a great many words with the same
meaning as 'agaeta-'; -gripr, m.=
agaeLa-gripr; -laBknir, m. excellent
physician ; -ma$r, m. excellent man ;
-verk, n. master-piece ; used as an
adv. highly, extremely (husfru agaetis
sidsorn).
agast-liga, adv. capitally \ -ligr, a.
excellent, goodly.
agap r, a. Jamous, excellent ; agaetr
hpfdingi, excellent chief; dgaetir
gimsteinar, noble gems.
a-g0r5, {.gain, profit (*=avoxtr).
a-hald, n. (i) laying hold of , esp. in
\>\., fighting, brawl; ver6a ahold med
monnum, they come to a tussle; (2)
possession ; veita e-u dhald or d.hold,
to take possession of; (3) hafa ahold
vid e-m um e-t, to be equal to (match
for] one in a thing.
a-hanka^t (at5), v. refl. to become
entangled.
a-heit, n. invocation, vow.
a-henda (-nda, -ndr), v. to lay
hands upon, seize ; a-hendr, pp.
within reach ; {>au ur6u dhend, they
were seized.
a-heyrandi, pr. p. within hearing,
listening; at 6'llum boSsmonnum
dheyrondum, in the hearing(pre sence]
of all the guests.
a-heyriligr, a. worth hearing, well
sounding; a-heyris, adv. within
hearing, in one^s hearing ; a-heyrsi,
-heyrsli, a. indecl., verda e-s d., to
get to know by hearing.
a-hlaup, n. (i) onset, attack, incur-
sion ; gera e-t me6 ahlaupum, to do
a thing impetuously ; (2) leaping,
covering (of animals).
anlaupa-maSr, m. an impetuous
person.
a-hlekking, f. (i) stumbling block
(drepa fotum f dhlekkingar) ; (2)
error, slip ; (3) adversity ; a-hley-
pinn, a. impetuous, vehement; a-
hly(5ast (dd), v. refl. to give ear to,
listen to (a. ummaeli e-s) ; d. vid e-n,
to agree with ; a-hly(5inn, a. giving
a willing ear, listening readily (d. um
e-t, til e-s) ; ekki d., obstinate, self-
willed.
ahrins-orft, n. pi. words (spells) that
come true (ver6a at -or5um).
ahuga-fullr, a. full of care ; -litill,
a. slow ; -maSr, a. eager, aspiring
AHUGA-MIKILL
[331
A-KYNNIS
man; -mikill, a. eager, vigorous ;
samt, a. n., e-m er -saint, one is
concerned (about something) ; -vertSr,
a. causing concern, serious.
a-hugi, m. (i) intention, mind\ e-m
er e-t i ahuga, one intends to do a
thing; (2) eagerness (ekki skortir
ykkr ahuga) ; (3) mind, opinion
(eigi er pvi at leyna, hverr minn a. er
um petta) ; (4) care, solicitude,
ahyggja; (5) devotion; bidja peir
goOm meS miklum ahuga, fervently.
a-Ii^ggja, f. care, concern, anxiety ;
bera ahyggju fyrir e-m, to be con-
cerned about ; faer pat honum mikillar
ahyggju ok reicH, it causes him much
concern and anger.
ahyggjast (ao),v. refl., a. e-t or um
e-t, to be co?icerned about, take care
or thought for.
ahyggju-fenginn, -fullr, a. anxious,
concerned ; -lauss, a. ^mconcerned ;
-mikill, a. very anxious ; e-m gerist
-mikit, one grows very anxious ;
-samliga, adv. gravely, anxiously ;
-samligr, a. anxious-looking ; -samr,
a. anxious, careful; -svipr, m., -yfir-
brag(5, n. grave, anxious look.
a-h6fn, f. ( i ) the freight or loading
of a ship ; (2) luggage.
a-hogg, n. slaughter of a ewe (asr).
ai, m. great-grandfather.
ai-fangi, ai-fangr, m. resting-place
(for horses to rest and graze) ; -fotSr,
n. fodder for horses at a resting-
place; -vangr, m. = ai-fangr (cf. 'aeja',
to bait, and ' vangr Afield).
akafa-macSr, m. an eager, impetuous
man (-ma<5r um e-t).
akafast (at5), v.refl.,/0 be vehement,
eager ; a. a e-t, to busy oneself eagerly
ivith a thing.
akafi, m. eagerness^ vehemence ;
med akafa miklum, vehemently ; i
akafa, eagerly, impetuously ; the gen.
'akafa' is prefixed to a great many
adjectives and to some substantives,
in the sense of in a high degree, very ;
akafa fagr, very beautiful; akafa
reiSr, very angry, furious ; akafa
drifii, a heavy snow-drift.
akaf-leikr, m. eagerness, vehemence ;
liga, adv. (i) vehemently, impetuous-
ICEL. DICT.
ly; fara akafliga, to rush on; biSja
-liga, to pray fervently ; (2) very,
exceedingly (-liga reiSr) ; -ligr, a.
vehement, hot (akafligr bardagi, -lig
reiSi) ; -lyndi, n. a hot, impetuous
temper ; -lyndr, a. hot-tempered,
impetuous.
akafr, a. vehement, fierce (a. bar-
dagi) ; J>enna dag var veizlan allra
dkofust, at the highest pitch ; neut. as
adv., kail a dkaft a Bar 5, to pray to
B. fervently ; rida sem dkafast, to ride
at a furious pace.
a-kall, n. (i) calling upon, invoca-
tion (a. a nafn gudsj ; (2) clamour,
shouting; (3) claim ^ demand (a. til
e-s, to a thing).
akalls-lauss, a. free from all
claims or demands.
a-kals, n. an importunate, urgent
request (cf. kails).
a-kast, n. (i) throwing upon, casting
at; (2) fig., assault (a. ohreins anda) ;
(3) pi. taunts ; a-kastan, f. casting
upon ; akasta-samr, a. taunting.
a-kef(5, f. = akati (vsegiliga en eigi
me6 akeffi).
akef5ar-ort$, n. pi. passionate
or violent words.
a-kenning, f. (i) smack, savour
(hafa a. e-s or af e-u) ; (2) slight
reprimand (gera e-m a.) ; a-kenningr,
m.=akenning.
a-keypi, n. right of pre-emption.
a-klagan, f. accusation, charge.
a-klee(5i, n. bed-covering, counter-
pane (ssengr me6 aklaedum).
a-kneiki, n. shame (snua e-u e-m
til akneikis) ; -koma, -kvama, f.
(i) touch', ufridar a., visitation of
war; (2) hurt, wound.
d-kufottr, a. round as a ball.
a-kvecSinn, pp. fixed, appointed;
akveSin or5, marked, pointed words;
me5 akve6num or6um, in express
words.
a-kveec5i, n. decision, verdict ; me5
akvaefium, expressly.
akvaeSis-teigr, m. apiece of field to
be mown in a day ; -verk, n. piece-
work (pat er titt a Island! at hafa
a'kvasSisverk).
a-kynnis, adv. on a visit.
D
[34]
AL-BEIP
d-kcera (-t5a, -3r), v. to complain of.
a-kaera, f. charge, complaint (bera
akasru d e-n) ; a-kserari, m. accuser,
complainant ; a-kasrsla, f. = dkasra.
dkasrslu-lauss, a. = akasrulauss ;
-ma(5r, m. = ^kaeruma3r.
dkfflru-lauss, a. undisputed^ unim-
peached; -matSr, m. accuser, com-
plainant.
al (pi. -ar), f. leather- strap.
d-lag, n. (i) esp. pi., dlog, impost,
tax, burden ; (2) visitation, tribula-
tion ; (3) law term, additional fine ;
(4) spell, charm.
a-laga, f. esp. pi. a"logur, = alag (i).
ala-garftr, m. eel-pond, stew for eels.
alags-hattr, m. a kind of metre, the
first syllable of the following line com-
pleting the sentence.
alar-endi, m. end of a leather strap ;
-reip, n. rope of leather.
ala-virki, n. = alagar6 c r.
al-belti, m. leathern belt ; -borinn,
pp. measured with a thong or cord (of
a field) ; -burftr, m. measurement (of
afield] with a cord.
a-leic*ia, adv. (i) onwards, for wards
(foru a", til skipa sinna) ; vildu snua a",
for sinni, proceed on their journey ;
fig., koma e-u a., to bring about',
vikja a. me6 e-m, to side with one ;
(2) on the right path, opp. to afleiSis ;
snua e-m a"., to convert one.
a-leikni, f. pertness ; a-leikr, m.
trick ; d-leiksi, a. having got the
worst of the game.
a-leita (ac5), v. to molest, annoy ;
a-leitiligr, a. reprehensible ; a-
leitinn, a. aggressive ; a-leitni, f.
(i) aggressiveness (a. vi5 e-n); (2)
blame, censure.
a-lengdar, adv. for the future (eng-
um fri6i heit ek per a".).
d-lengr, adv. (i) for the ftiture,
always (f)essi illvirki skyldi eigi ^.
uhefnd vera) ; (2) furthermore ; (3)
a. er, as soon as (alengr er hann er
sextan vetra).
alfa, f. =ha"lfa.
alfa-blot, n. sacrifices to the elves ;
kyn, n. the race of elves.
alf-kona, f. female elf', -kunnigr,
kunnr, a. akin to the elves.
alfr (-s, -ar), m. elf, fairy (h611 ei
skamt heSan er dlfar bua i).
alf-rek, n., -reki, m. dirt, excre-
ments (which drive away the elves) ;
ganga -rek, -reka, at -reka = ganga
0rna sinna.
alf-r6(5ull, m. poet, the sun.
a-lit, n. (i) aspect, appearance,
countenance (vasnn at dliti, fagr
alitum, d0kkr alits) ; (2) view, con-
sideration, refiection ; me6 skj6tum
alitum, without mature consideration ;
eigi mecJ nogum dlitum, inconsider-
ately ; g0ra e-t at Alitum, to take into
consideration ; (3) opinion, judge-
ment (at rettsynna manna dliti).
alita-leysi, n. absence of refiection ;
-lit ill. a. inconsiderate ; -mal, n. pi.
in the phrase, gora e-t at -mdlum =
g0ra e-t at alitum.
alit-liga, adv. becomingly, respecta-
bly, Pretty well ; -ligr, a. deliberate.
a-litning, f. consideration (a. him-
narikis fagnaSar).
d-likr, a. like, resembling.
a-ljotr (gen. -s or -ar), m. (i) serious
bodily injury that leaves a mark,
wilfully inflicted ; (2) contumelious
language (masla ciljot).
dljots-eyrir, m. a fine for * aTjotr ' ;
-rdc5, n. intention to infiict *a"ljotr '.
dlka, f. auk ; dlku-ungi, m. yoiing
auk (fugl pvilikastr sem dlku-ungi).
dll (-s, -ar), m. (i) eel; (2) a deep
narrow channel in sea or river (eru
nu f>eir einir lar til lands, er ek get
vadit) ; (3) germ, sprout of a plant.
almr, m. (i) elm ; (2) poet. man.
alm-sveigr, m. elm-twig; -tr6, n.
elm-tree = almr (i).
almviSar-skogr, m. elm-wood.
dlnar-breiftr, a. an ell broad;
-kefli, n. a staff an ell long; -langr,
a. an ell long ; -tiund, f. tithe of the
value of an ell ; -virfti, n. the value
of an ell (alin, oln).
dipt (pi. alptir and elptr), f. swan.
dlptar-hamr, m. the skin and
plumage of a swan ; -hrei(5r, n.
swarfs nest; -liki, n. swan's shape
or form.
dlpt-vei(5r, f. catching wild swans.
al-reip, n. rope of leather.
A-LUTR
[35]
AR-B6T
d-liitr, a. bending forwards, stoop-
ing (cf. lutr).
d-lygi, f. slander ', calumny.
d-lykt, f. issue, decision.
dlyktar-dminning, f. final admoni-
tion ; -domr, m. final judgement ;
-orS, n. the last word, peroration ;
-vitni, n. conclusive testimony.
d-lyktan, f . conclusion, final decision .
a-laegja, a. indecl. in heat (of a
mare).
dmatligr, dmdttigr, a. loathsome,
unpleasant, piteous.
a-minna (-ta, -tr), v. to admonish ;
d-minning, f. (i) admonition, warn-
ing; the act of reminding one (of
something) ; (2) recollection (d. allra
synda).
aminningar-maSr, m. admonisher,
reminder ; -or&, n. pi. admonition ,
exhortation ; -visur,f. pi. admonitory
or warning verses.
a-mot, n. confluence of (two or more)
rivers (uppi hja amoti).
a-munr, a. like (a. e-m).
amu-sott, f. erysipelas.
d-maela (-ta, -t), v. to blame (d. e-m
fyrir e-t).
a-maslandi (pi. -endr), m. reprover.
a-maeli, n. blame, reproof, reproach ;
leggja e-m e-t til amaelis, to reproach
one for, or with, a thing.
amsBlis-laust, adv. without re-
proach ; -orS, n. reproof; -samr, a.
bringing reproach, shameful ; -verSr,
a. blame-worthy.
an, prep, without ; (i) with gen.;
|3ess mattu Gautar ilia ^n vera, they
could not well do without it; an
allrar vaegSar, without any mercy ;
(2) with dat. ; rln e-s ra"5i, without
(against] his will; dn aflati, in-
cessantly; (3) with ace.; an alia
flasrS, without any deceit; dn leyfi,
without leave.
a-nafna^r, a. renowned^ famous.
a-nau$, f. (i) oppression, constraint ;
(2) bondage ; (3) straits, hardship
(also in pi.).
anauc$ar-ok, n. yoke of bondage ;
-vist, f. life of oppression or bondage.
a-naut5ga (a5), v. (i) to reduce to
bondage, to enslave (a. e-m) ; (2) to
oppress ; a-nau&igr, a. oppressed,
enslaved; a-nau8r, m. =a"nau6.
a-nefna (-da, -dr), v. to name,
appoint (a", dag til orrustu).
d-netja (a$), v. to entangle as in a
net (d. e-n e-u) ; refl., anetjast e-u,
to be e-i tangled in.
a-neytSa (-dda, -ddr), v. to force,
subject by force.
aning, f. resting, baiting; cf. 'asja'.
a-nyt, f. ewe's ;/////, = asr-nyt.
d-nyja tac5), v. to renew.
d-ncegja, v. = ncegja ; lat s6r e-t d.,
to be content, rest satisfied, with.
ar, n. (i) year; at ari, next year ;
telja drum, to count time by years ;
(2) plenty, abundance, fruitfulness
(J)a var ar um 611 lond) ; (3) the name
of the Rune A.
ar, f. oar; draga skip d drum, to
pull the boat with oars ; fmngr undir
drum, heavy to pull ; draga arar um
e-t, to contend for ; koma eigi ar sinni
fyrir bor5, to be under restraint.
ar, n. first beginning ; ar var alda,
in times of yore ; at morgins dri, um
morguninniar = aria um morguninn,
early in the morning.
dr, adv. (i) anciently, of yore ; (2)
early (ar um morguninn).
dra-bur;5r, m. the movement of the
oars ; koma (raSast) undir -bur6 e-s,
to become dependent on cm ; vera
undir -burSi e-s, to be under one's
protection ; -gangr, m. splashing of
oars; -glam, n. = -gangr; -lag, n.
time in rowing; kunna dralag, to be
acle to handle an oar.
dr-dll, m. river-channel.
ar-angr (-rs), m. (i ) scason t *=i.ite& ;
(2) produce of the earth,
drar-hlurar, m. oar-handle ; -hlutr,
m. piece of an oar ; -itubbi, m.
stump of an oc.r ; -tre, n. wood for
making oars.
a-ras, f. assault, attac,*=a.h\a.up.
ara-tal, n. number of years ; fimtugr
at -tali, fifty years of age ; -tala, f.
(l) = -tal; (2) calculation, reckoning
of years.
dr-bakki, m. bank of a river.
dr-bot, f. bettering of the season or
produce.
AR-BROT
[36]
A-SAKA
dr-brot, n. inundation of a river ;
-bru, f . bridge over a river.
dr-buinn, a. early ready.
dr-byll, a. dwelling in abundance.
dr-dagar, m. pi., \ -daga, in days of
yore ; -degis, adv. early in the day.
ar-djup, n. pool in a river.
d-reift, f. charge of cavalry, invasion
cf horsemen.
d-reitingr, m. inducement.
a-rennil gr, a. easy to face.
a-rey (5r, f. a kind of salmon.
dr-eyrr, f. bar, sand-bank at the
mouth of a river ; -farvegr, m. course
of a river.
dr-fertS, f. (i) season (g63 aifer5) ; (2)
good luck.
ar-flj'otr, a. fast, swift (of a rowing
vessel).
ar-gali, m. * the early singer ', the
cock) chanticleer.
argalla-lauss, a, free from failure
of crop, fertile, ar-galli, m. failure
of crop.
ar-gangr, m. a year's course, year.
ar-gljufr, n. pi. steep clijfs over-
hanging a river.
dr-gu6, m. god of plenty (the god
Frey) ; -gcezka, f. good season.
dr-hlutr, m. one's portion of a river
(as regards fishing rights).
a-ric5a, f. smearing, rubbing (cf.
'rioaa').
drla, adv. (i) early ; with gen., aria
dags ; (2) in times of yore.
dr-langt, adv., -lengis, adv. for a
year, during a whole year ; -liga,
adv. (i) = arla; (2) yearly ; -ligr, a.
(i) annual, yearly ; (2) early.
ar-ma(5r, m. steward, esp. of a king's
or bishop's estates.
ar-megn, n. main stream or current
of a river.
dr-menning, f. stewardship.
arna (ac5), v. (i) to earn, gain, get
(. e-t) ; (2) a. e-m e-s, to procure a
thing for one ; a. e-m god's, to pray
for good to one ; a. e-m ills, to impre-
cate evil upon, to curse ; a", e-m lifs,
to intercede for one's life ; a\ e-s vi5
gufi, to pray to God for a thing.
drna (at5), v. to go forward, to
wander (a. urgar brautir).
drnat$ar-ma(5r, m. intercessor (esp.
of Christ and the saints) ; -orS, n.
intercession (of the saints).
drnat5r, m. intercession.
drnan, f. = aVnaSr.
arnandi (pi. -endr), m. intercessor,
= arna6arma6r.
ar-6ss, m. mouth of a river.
arr (pi. asrir and arar, ace. dru and
dra), m. (i) messenger, servant \ (2)
pi. angels (asrir ok hb'fudaerir).
drr, a. early (at arum degi).
ar-risull, a. given to rising early.
dr-sali. -salr, m. precious hangings,
of a &v/(kult ok blasjur ok a>sali).
dr-samr, a. fertile (arsamr vetr).
dr-salnn, pp. early sown.
ar-skyld, f. yearly rent.
dr-atraumr, m. current in a river ;
-strcnd, f. bank of a river.
ar-sasli, f. the fact of having
Prosperoiis seasons (during one's
reign) ; -ssell, a. happy in having
good seasons.
dr-tal. n. reckoning by years
-tekja, f. yearly rent ; -. i5, f. anniver'
sary of a man's death.
drtioar-dagr, m. = artf5; -skrd, f.
obituary.
d-runi, m. attack,=x&.
dr-vaS, a. ford of a river.
ar-vakr, a. early awake, early
rising (arvakr ok osvefnugr).
dr-vegr, m. = arfarvegr.
ar-vaenligr, -vsenn, a. promising a
good season.
ar-voxtr, m. the rising or swelling
of a river.
drsBcSa-mikill, a. daring, enterpris-
ing (cf. are6]s-mikill).
a-rse(5i, n. (i) attack veita e-m a.,
to attack ; (2) courage, daring, pluck.
d-rseSiligr, a. (i) likely, probable;
(2) daring, dangerous ; (3) ekki draeS-
iligt, not easy to face.
d-r8B^inn, a. daring, enterprising.
araeSis-fullr, a. = aras5inn ; -litill,
a. of small coiirage ; -mikill, a.
daring -raun, f. test of courage,
daring deed; -akortr. m. want of
courage ; -snarr, a. of great courage,
plucky.
d-saka (aft), v. to accuse, reproach
ASAKAW
[37]
ASTAR-HITI
(opp. to 'afsaka'); a-sakan, f.
charge, censure.
asakanar-efni, n. matter for cen-
sure ; -or (5, n. pi. words of reproach.
a-sakari, m. accuser, adversary.
a-samt, adv. (i) vera a"., to be to-
gether, esp. of married people ; (2)
koma a*., to agree ; J)au komu vel a.,
they lived happily together.
a-sauSr, m. ewe ; coll. ewes.
a-sald, n. sprinkling, fig., of a snow-
storm.
a-sattr, pp. agreed, having come to
terms (a*, um e-t).
as-brii, f. bridge of the Gods, the
rainbow.
as-drengr, m. short pillar ; -endi,
m. the end of a beam.
a-seta, f. (i ) sit ting upon ; (2) tenure
of a farm (aseta a" jor6).
a-setning, f. laying on, putting on
(a*, stolunnar).
a,3-garc5r, m. the residence of the
Gods ; -grindr, f. pi. the gate of
asgardr.
a-sigling, f. sailing upon.
a-sja (gen. asjarj, f. (i) help, aid,
protection (bi6ja e-n asja"r) ; (2)
superintendence, inspection ; (3) ap-
pearance, shape.
asja-ligr, a. handsome, pretty ;
-mal, n. a matter worthy of, or re-
quiring, consideration.
a-sjana, f. older form for ' a"sj6na '.
asjon, f. superintendence, inspection ;
= asyn.
a-ejona, f. (i) countenance, look ;
kvenna vaenst basSi at asjonu
(appearance] ok vitsmunum ; grepp-
ligr i dsjonu, ugly-looking ; (2) form,
shape (andi drottins i dufu asjonu).
a-skelling, f. chiding, severe re-
proof "(cf. 'skeila a"').
a-skeyti, n. attack.
a-skilnacSr, m. (i) disagreement,
difference ; (2) separation ; i tvennum
askilnaSi, in two different ways.
a-skoran, f. a pressing reqitest; a
challenge.
a-skot, n. shooting at ; svd mikil .,
at, so hard shooting, that.
as-kunnigr, -kunnr, a. akin or re-
lated to the gods.
d-akurSr, m. carving, in wood or
stone (askurSr ok tresmifii).
a-skynja, a. indecl., a. e-rar f>rottar,
experienced, expert in an art ; also
with dat. ; a-skynjandi, pr. p.=
askynja.
a-slatta, f. injury inflicted by some
one (a", djofulsj.
as-li$ar, m. pi. champions of the
Gods ; -megin, n. the divine strength
of the Gods, esp. used of Thor ;
-megir, m. pi. the sons of the Gods ;
-moftr, m. divine wrath (sd. hann J)a
>6r f asmoSi).
a-sokn, f. ( i ) attack, assault ; (2)
indictment, accusation.
asoknar-maftr, m. accuser.
ass (gen. asa and asar ; pi. sesir,
ace. sesi and asu), m. one of the old
heathen gods in general, or esp. one
of the older branch, in opp. to the
younger ones (the Vanir).
ass (gen. ass, pi. asar), m. (i) a thick
pole, main beam (in a house) ; (2) in
a ship, yard of a sail (beitiass) ; (3)
rocky ridge.
aa-stubbi, m. stump of a beam.
ast, f. (i) love, affection ; hafa a". A
e-m, to feel a love for ; felia a. til e-s
or vi5 e-n, to take a fancy to or for
one ; (2) pi. astir, love between man
and woman, esp. affection between
man and wife (vel er urn astir okkrar,
sagfii hon).
a-statSa, f. (i) assertion, contention ;
(2 ) pi. disagreement, discord.
asta-lauss, a. loveless.
aatar-andi, m. spirit of love ; -angr,
n. grief from love ; -auga, n. loving
eye, tender look (lita, renna -augum
til e-s) ; -band, n. tie or band of love ;
botJoro, n. commandment of love ;
-brag (5, n. token of love ; -brimi,
-bruni, m. fire of love, ardent love ;
-drykkr, m. love-potion', -eldr, m.=
-brimi: -fullr, a. (i) loving', (2)
enamoured', -fundr, m. affectionate
meeting-, -gjof, f. gift of grace',
-grein, f. kind of affection ; -gyc\ja,
{.goddess of love (Venus) ; -g0rningr,
m. act of charity ; -harmr, m. grief
from love ; -hirting, f. chastisement
of love ; -hiti, m. warmth of love ;
ASTAR-HUGI
[38]
A-TAK
hugi, -hugr, m. love, affection ;
-hygli, f. devotion ; -ilmr, m. sweet-
ness of love ; -kveftja, f. hearty greet-
ing; -kveikja, f. kindler of love',
-lauss, a. loveless ; -leysi, n. absence
of love ; -logi, m. flame of love ;
-mark, n. token of love ; -or$, n. pi.
words of love (maela -orSum til e-s) ;
-rei&i, f. anger from love ; -samband,
n. band of love ; -sigr, m. victory of
love ; -sns9(5ingr, m. love-feast ;
-soetleikr, m. sweetness of love ;
-varkunn, f. compassion ; -verk, n.
act of charity ; -vel, f. artifice of love
(b6k -vela, Ars amandi} ; -pjonusta,
f. service of love ; -J>okki, m. love,
affection ; -oetSi, n.fury of love.
ast-blindr, a. blind from love ;
-bundinn, pp. in bonds of love,
deeply enamoured.
a-stemma, f. damming up of a
river.
ast-fenginn, pp. (i) love- exciting
(-fenginn drykkr) ; (2) bound in love
(-fenginn vi6 Mariu) ; -folginn, pp.
beloved, dear to one (e-m) ; -fostr,
n. loving fosterage (leggja -fostr viS
e-n ; foe5a e-n upp -fostri) ; -gjof, f.
gift of love, grace ; -go(5i, or -gocSi,
m. darling', -hollr, a. affectionate
(e-m) ; -hugatSr, a. dearly loving,
affectionate ; -hugi, m. affection.
a-stig, n. treading upon (slett strasti
til astigs).
ast-igr, a. dear, lovely ; pi. contr.
astgir, astgar ; -kynni, n. hearty
welcome ; -lauas, a. void of love,
loveless ; -leysi, n. want of love, itn-
kindness ; -menn, m. pi. dearly
beloved friends -maer, f. darling
maid, sweetheart ; -ratS, n. kindly
advice.
d-striftari, m. adversary, tempter.
a-st-riki, f. affectionate tenderness ;
hafa -riki af e-m, to be much loved by ;
-rikr, a.yW/ of love (-rikt hugskot) ;
-rikr e-m or til e-s, full of love to ;
-samliga, adv. affectionately ; -sam-
ligr, a. affectionate ; -samr, a., full of
love, tenderly disposed towards (vi5
e-n) ; -semd, f. love, affection.
astsemdar-frfflndsemi, f. affec-
tionate relationship ; -rd(5, n. kind
advice ; -verk, n. work of love ;
-vinatta, f. loving friendship.
ast-semi, f. = -semd; -sceld, f.
popularity ; -seell, a. beloved by all,
popular (-sasll e-m or af e-m).
a-stunda (at5) t v. to study, take pains
with, = stunda d e-t ; a-^tundan, f.
(1) care, painstaking, endeavour;
(2) strong desire (hafa a. til gu5s) ; (3)
intention.
ast-u$, f. love, affection leggja astu6
til e-s, to become fond of one.
astuftar-fraend&emi, f. affectionate
kinship ; -vinr, m. dear friend.
ast-uftigr, a. beloved, dear (-u6igr
ollu folki) ; -uSigt er meS peim, they
are on friendly or loving terms ;
-u(5ligr, a. amiable, friendly (vi5 e-n
or e-m) ; loving.
ast-vina, f. dear (female] friend;
-vinatta, f. intimate friendship ;
-vinr, m. intimate friend ; -pokki,
m. = astarpokki.
as-ynja, {.goddess, the fern, answer-
ing to ' ass'.
a-syn, f. (i) countenance, presence
(kasta e-m hurt fra sinni a.) ; (2)
appearance, shape (gu5s hold ok bl65
i a. brau6s ok vins) ; (3) view, opinion
(med rangri a.) ; (4) cat. pi. used as
adv., hversu var hann asynum, how
did he look?', gen. as adv., minna
asynar, apparently less.
a-syna (-da, -dr), v. to shew ;
a-synd, f.= asyn; asyndum == asyn-
um ; asyndar= asynar ; a-syniligr,
a. conspicuous, stately ; a-synis, adv.
in appearance, to look at (friSr a.) ;
a-synt, a. n. to be seen, visible ; ef
eigi verSr a., if no mark (of the blow)
can be seen ; pat er a\, it is evident.
a-soekni, f. aggressiveness.
at, n. (i) the act of eating \ eiga at
ok drykkju vi3 e-n, to eat and drink
with one ; kyr hafnaSi atinu, the cow
would not eat ; (2) food (at ok
drykkr).
at a, f. (i) eating; goSr atu, good
eating; (2) food, meat; sd hafi hud
ok atu, er atti, let the owner (of the
ox) have the hide and meat.
a-tak, n. (i) touch* touching; svd
ataks (to the touch) sem skinn ;
A-TALA
[39]
AVERKA-DREP
(2) firm hold or grasp ; a*t6k ok
sviptingar, in wrestling.
a-tala, f. rebuke, reprimand (veita
e-m atb'lur).
atan, n. eatable thing, proper food
(cf. ' uatan ').
a-tekjur, f. pi. manner of taking a
thing (>orsteini ox m66r vi6 atekjur
bans).
a-tekning, f. (l) touching; (2) the
sense of feeling ; a-tekt, f. (i) = atek-
jur ; (2) = atekning (l).
at-fatt, a. n. short of food.
at-frekr, a. greedy, voracious ;
girni, f. greediness of food.
atjan, card. numb, eighteen.
atjandi, ord. numb, eighteenth.
atjan-sessa, f. a ship having eighteen
reiving benches.
_>
a- trotS, n., atrotSi, m. treading upon y
trampling (vercta fyrir a"tro5a).
atrunaar-mat$r, m. a believer^ a
worshipper.
a-truna<5r, m. belief in (drauma a".) ;
forn a., the old (heathen} faith.
att, f. (l) family, race ; (2) quarter,
direction ; see * aett '.
atta, card, numb., eight ; attandi,
ord. numb. eighth = \.i\, attundi.
attar-auki, m. increase of the family ;
-mot, n. relationship ; -oexling, f.
propagation of kin.
atta-tigir, m. pi., -tiu, card. numb.
eighty.
att-bogi, m. lineage, = aettbogi.
att-fet5mingr, m. a measure of eight
fathoms (-fe6mingr torfs).
att-hagi, m. one's native place,
one's home (i atthaga sinum).
att-hyrndr, a. eight-cornered,
octagonal.
atti, ord. numb, the eighth (atti
dagr Jola ; vi6 atta mann).
attjan, card. numb, eighteen, the
older form = atjan.
att-leggr, m. = asttleggr ; -lera, a.
indecl. degenerate.
att-mceit, a. n. name of a metre, a
verse containing eight lines, each
being a separate sentence.
att-niftjungr, -niftr, -runnr, m.
kinsman, descendant.
att-rosfcr, a. (i) eighty years of age ;
(2) measuring eighty fathoms, in
height, breadth, or depth.
att-stafr, m. kinsman, = ?z\.\.mg\.
att-strendr, a. octagonal.
attugaridi, ord. numb, eightieth.
attungr, m. (i) the eighth part (a.
manna) ; (2) division of the country
(in some parts of Norway).
attungr, m. kinsman, =aettingi.
dttungs-kirkja, f. a church belong-
ing to an 'dttungr' (in Norway).
att-visi, f. genealogical knowledge,
= aettvisi.
att-aeringr, m. eight-oared boat ;
-serr, a. of eight oars (skip attaert).
atu-pyfi, n. stolen eatables.
atolu-lauss, a. undisputed.
dvalt ( = of allt), adv. always.
a-vant, a. n. in the phrase, e-s er a".,
is wanted, needed (einnar me'r Freyju
a. J>ykkir).
d-vartSr, a. dear, acceptable, only of
man in relation to the gods (avardir
godunum ; d.var5r Gu5i).
a-varp, n. calculation (in round
numbers), opinion, estimate (at avarpi
flestra manna'.
a-vaxta (a5), v. to make fertile or
Productive ; a", f^, to put out to
interest', refl., avaxtast, to increase;
^vaxtast med J)orn ok klungr, to be-
come overgrown with.
avaxta-lauss, a. (i) unproductive;
(2) fruitless, resuitless; -ligr, a.
profitable, useful (e-m).
a- vast an, f. increase, augmentation.
avaxtar-samligr, a. profitable ;
-samr, a. = avaxt-samr ; -timi, m.
the time of harvest.
avaxta-samr, a. = avaxtsamr.
avaxt-lauss, a. unfruitful; -sam-
ligr, a. = avaxtar-samligr ; -samr, a.
profitable, fntitful.
d-van, f. faint expectation or hint ;
segja e-m avan e-s, to give one some
hint of a thing.
a-veiftr, f. river fishery.
a-verk, n. (i) bodily injury or
lesion, wound (veita, bj63a, e-m a.) ;
(2) unlawful use of another man's
land (as cutting trees in his forest).
averka-bot, f. compensation for an
dverki ; -drep, n. a stroke producing
AVERKA-MABR
[40]
BAK
aVerki ; -maftr, perpetrator of an
a" verki ; -mal, n. an action concerning
a verki.
a-verki, m. = averk.
a-vi(5rib, adv. on the weather side of
(avidris e-u = a ve5r e-u).
a-vilja(5r, a. inclined to, with inf.
a-vinna (see vinna), v. to gain,
make profit.
a-vinningr, m. (i) attainment; i
aVinning, at, in order to attain, that ;
(2) profit, gain.
a-vinnt, a. n. difficult, toilsome ; pa
mun a. um sb'xin, then those in the
bow will be hard put to it.
a-vist, f. abode, residence ; Snorra
J>6tti betra aVistar i Hlid, Snorri
preferred living at Hillside.
a-vita, a. indecl., ver6a e-s a"., to
become aware of a thing.
a-vitall or a-vitull, m. hint, inti-
mation, indication.
a-viti, a. = avita.
a-viga, a. indecl., in phr., ver6a
a"., to lose most people in a combat.
a- visa (aS), v. to point at, indicate.
a-visan, f. indication, intimation.
a-vit, n. pi. reprimand, rebuke ;
berja e-n avitum, to upbraid one.
a-vita (ac5), v. to chide, rebuke (a", e-n
um e-t).
avita-lauat, a. n. blameless.
avitan, f. rebuke, reprimand.
avitanar-or<5, n. word of blame.
avita-ortS, n. = avitanaror5 ; -sam-
ligr, a. blameable.
avit-samligr, a. = aVitasamligr ;
-samr, a. apt to blame, censorious.
a-vaeni, n. = dvdn.
d-voxtr. m. (i) produce, growth,
fruit ; (2) interest, rent ; (3) gain.
a-pekkr, a. similar (d. e-m).
apettar-orft, ap6ttis-orc5, n. defama-
tory language, invective.
a-pja (see pja), v. to oppress.
a-pjan, f. oppression, harsh or
oppressive rule.
apjanar-ok, n. yoke of tyranny.
a-preetni, f. mutual strife.
a-pyngd, f. exaction, oppression.
, n. bath, esp. steam- or vapour-
bath (fara or ganga til bafis, koma or
ba5i, ganga fra ba6i ; taka ba5).
baSast (ac5), v. refl., to take a bath,
to bathe.
batS-fercS, f. going to the bath (vera
i -fer6) ; um -ferdir, abottt the time
for bathing ; -kapa, f. bathing-cloak ;
-kona, {.female bathing attendant.
baftmr, m. (i) tree ; (2) bosom.
bat5-stofa, f. bath-room, bathing-
room ; in later times, sitting-room.
baSstofu-gluggr, m. opening (win-
dow] in the roof cf a ba&stofa.
bagall, m. a bishop's staff, crozier.
bagal-stafr, m. = bagall.
baggi, m. pack, bundle.
baglatSr, a. crooked, deformed.
bak, n. (i) back (binda bagga a" b.
sr) ; fig., bera sok a baki, to be
guilty leggja bleyfliord d b. e-m, to
charge one with being a coward \
hafa marga vetr a" baki, to be advanced
in years ; snua baki vi5, to tiirn the
back, flee ; ganga a b. heitum, orSum,
to go back on one's word', (2) =hest-
bak ; fara a b., to mount ; fara, stiga,
spretta af baki, to dismount ; (3) the
backside of a thing (cf. handarbak,
hurQarbak, hiisbak) ; a baki husunum,
at the back of the houses ; g0ra e-t a
baki e-m, in one's absence, behind
one's back ; ri5a at baki e-m, behind
him on the same horse ; berr er hverr
at baki nema ser brodur eigi, bare is
one's back without a brother behind
it ; a bak, (a) behind ; koma a b. e-m,
to attack in the rear ; (b) after ; a" b.
jolum, after Christmas ; hvat sem a
b. kemr, whatever may come after or
follow, (c) absol., falla a" b. aptr, to
fall backwards ; brjota a" b. ord e-s,
to refute, make them null and void ;
brjota a" b. Romverja, to defeat them.
BAKA
[41)
BANA-LAQ
baka (aft), v. (i) to bake (b. brauS) ;
(2) to ivarm and rub the body and
limbs, at a large fire (see 'bakeldr') ;
esp. refl.,bakast (viQ eld) ; (3) to rub,
= strjuka ; bakaSi Helgi fotinn, he
rubbed the (broken) leg.
bakan, n. bacon (rare).
bakara-meistari, m. master-baker ;
-ofn, m. baker's oven.
bakari, m. baker.
bak-bit, n. backbiting, slander;
-bitari, m. backbiter, slanderer ;
-borfti. m. the larboard side of a ship,
port, opp. to ' stjornborSi ' ; -brjota
(see brjota), v. to -z'/<?/<:z/V, = brjota .
bak ; -byrftingar, m. pi. the crew on
the larboard side, opp. to the ' stjorn-
byrSingar ' ; -byrftr, f. a burden to
carry on the back.
bakelda-g0rft, f. the action of making
a bakeldr, or the rubbing of the back
at a bakeldr.
bak-eldr, m. afire at which to bake
(warm and rub) the body and limbs
(sitja vi6 -elda).
bak-fall, n. ( I ) falling backw ards,
esp. in pi., roa -folium, knyja rar
med storum -folium, to take long pulls
with the oars ; (2) attack in the rear,
= -slag ; veita e-m -fall, to attack in
the rear', -ferft, f. mounting on horse-
back ; -ferla (aft), v. to drive back,
anmil, make void\ -hlutr, m. the
hind part, backside ; -hold, n. pi. the
flesh on the back of cattle ; -hverfast
(ft), v. refl., to turn one's back upon
(vi8 e-6) ; -jarl, m. a foe attacking
in the rear.
bakka-kolfr, m. a kind of blunt-
headed arrow ; -stokkar, m. pi.
stocks on which a ship is built ; setja
fram af -stokkum, to launch.
bakki, m. (I) bank (of a river, lake,
chasm, &c.) ; (2) ridge, bank (harm
settist undir bakka i hrisrunni) ; 13)
a mound on which the target is set
up ; setja spa'n i bakka, to set up a
target ; (4) bank of clouds above the
horizon ; (5) back of a knife or other
cutting instrument, opp. to 'egg'.
bak-klffl(5i, n. tapestry ; -lengja, f.
the back-strip of a hide ; -mall,
-malugr, a. backbiting, slanderous ;
-mala (-ta, -t), v. to backbite (-maela
e-m) ; -msBlgi, f., -mail, n. back-
biting, slander.
bakmaBlis-maftr, m. calumniator.
bak-rauf, f. amis, a nickname ;
-sarr, a. having a sore back (of a
horse) ; -setja (see setja), v. to
neglect, omit (-setja at gera e-t) ;
-skyrta, f. the hind part of a shirt ;
-slag, n., -sletta, f. attack in the rear,
= bakfall (2) ; -slettr, m. = baksletta ;
-stakkr, m. the hind part of a cloak ;
-stokkar, m. pl. = bakkastokkar.
bakstr (-rs), m. (i) baking', (2) baked
bread, esp. communion bread; (3)
Poultice, fomentation ; (4) warming,
rubbing (of the body).
bakstr-brauS, n. baked bread;
-buftkr, m. a box' in which the com-
munion bread was kept ; -eldr, m. (i )
= bakeldr ; ("2) fire for making bread
(gera peir -elda stora til brauds) ;
-bus, n. bakehouse ; -jam, n. an iron
plate for baking communion bread ;
-kona, f. female baker; -ofn, m.
baking- oven ; -sveinn, m. baker boy.
bak-vana, a. indecl. having a sore
back (of horses) ; -verkr, m. pain in
the back ; -verpast (t), v. (i) to turn
away from, disregard (vi5 e-t or vi3
e-m) ; (2) to flee before one (-verpast
vid sinum uvinum).
baldikin, n. baldaquin, rich
brocade.
baldinn, a. untractable, unruly.
baldrast (atS), v. refl., to crowd
together in a confused throng.
baldriSi, m. = ballri5i.
ball, m. grassy bank.
ballr, a. dangerous, dire ; boll rd6\
fatal schemes ; ballir draumar, bad,
ill-boding dreams ; boll pra", heavy
grief.
ballrast (aft), v. refl. , = baldrast.
ball-ri&i, m. poet., 'bold rider J
hero (Freyr er beztr allra ballriSa).
balsamr, m. balsam.
bana (aft), v. to kill, with dat.
bana-bloft, n. blood shed in slaying;
-dagr, m. day of death ; -drykkr, m.
baneful draught, poison ; -dcegr, n.
= -dagr ; -hogg, n. death-blow ( fa
-hogg ; vard pat hans -hogg) ; -lag,
BANA-MADR
[42]
BARDAGA-FREST
n. stabbing to death ; -maftr, m.
killer, slayer ; -or ft, n. (i) tidings of
one's death (segja -or6 e-s) ; bera
-or3 af e-m, to slay one in fight ; (2)
death ; piggia -ord af e-m, to be killed
by one ; kenna e-m -or5, to charge
with slaying one ; -raft, n. planning
a persons death ; rada or veita e-m
-ra.5, to bring about one's death ; -sar,
n. death-wound^ a mortal wound;
-skot, n. mortal shot ; -sott, f. death-
sickness, mortal illness ; -spjot, n., in
the phrase, berast -spjot eptir, to be
deadly enemies ; -tilrsefti, n. mortal
attack (veita e-m -tilre6i) ; -piifa, f.
a knoll that causes one's death ; hniga
vi6 -pufu, to die ; drepa fotum vi5
-pufu, to stumble against or over a
fatal knoll.
band, n. (i) the act of binding or
settling, opp. to Mausn'; fig., lausn
ok b. allra vandamala, the decision in
all difficult cases ; (2) band, cord
(mj6tt b.) ; (3) in pi., (a) bonds,
fetters (hafa e-n i bondum) ; (b) bond,
confederacy (ganga i bond ok ei8) ;
(c) poet., the gods, cf. ' hopt * ; biota
bond, to worship the gods ; at mun
banda, at the will of the gods.
banda (aft), v. to make a sign by
waiting the hand; b. moti fenu, to
drive away the sheep ; with dat., b.
hondum, to wave the hands.
banda-maftr, m. confederate, one
who is in league with others.
banding! (-ja), m. prisoner.
band-vetlingr, m. a kind of glove.
bang, n. hammering; banga (aft),
v. to hammer, knock ; b. dyrr or a
dyrr, to knock at the door.
bang-hagr, a. knowing how to use
the hammer.
bani, m. (i) death", f (bu5a, hafa,
taka) bana, to die ; raSa ser bana, to
commit suicide ; leiSa e-n til bana, to
cause one's death (of an illness) ;
kominn at bana, sinking fast ; (2)
that which causes death, bane ; slayer
(fjogurra manna b.).
bann, n. (i) excommunication,
anathema, interdict ; hit ineira b , the
greater exc. ; hit minna b. (the lesser
exc.} pat sem forbod er kallat &
norroenu ; (2) prohibition, opp. to
' lof ' (hlyda bo6i ok banni e-s) ; leggja
b. fyrir e-t, to prohibit.
banna (aft), v. (ij to forbid, pro-
hibit (b. e-m e-t or with infin.) ; (2)
to curse (b. e-m) ; refl. bannast um, to
swear (to do a thing).
bannaftar-orS, n. = bannanaror5.
bannan, f. curse, imprecation.
bannanar-orft, n. pi. = bannan.
bann-fcera (-<5a, -ftr), v. to place
under the ban.
banns-atkvasfti, n. sentence of ex-
communication ; -afelli, n., -domr,
m. = -atkvas3i.
bann-setja (see setja), v. (i) to
place under the ban ; (2) to curse ;
-setning, f. excommunication ; -sefct-
liga, adv. wickedly ; -settligr, a.
execrable, detestable ; -settr, pp. (i)
placed under the ban ; (2 i accursed.
banns-mal, n. a case liable to ex-
communication ; -pina, {.punishment
of excommunication ; -spjot, n. spear
of excommunication ; -verk, n. an
act liable to excommunication.
bann-syngja (see syngja), v. to
pronounce an anathema against.
banns-sd'k, f. an offence liable to
excomm unica tion.
ban-orft, f. = banaor6; -vasnligr,
a. mortal, deadly; -vaenn, a. (i) =
-vasnligr (-vasnt sar) ; (2) deadly sick ;
ok er dro at pvi at hann var -vasnn,
when all hope of life was gone.
barar, f. pi. (i) hand-barrow,
stretcher (p. var borinn i borum um
fjalJit) ; (2) funeral bier carried by
horses (mceddust hestarnir undir
borunum).
baratta, f. (i) contest, fighting; (2)
fight, battle.
barattu-fullr, a. combative, fond of
fighting ; -maftr, m. warrior ; -samr,
a. given to fighting.
barft, n. (i) beard (rare) ; (2) brim,
of a hat or helmet ; (3) the beak or
armed prow of ships (of war), stem ;
roa fyrir b. e-m ( = roa fyrir stafn e-m),
to thwart one.
bar ft a, f. a kind of axe.
bardaga-buinn, pp. ready for
battle ; -freat, n. delay of battle ;
BARDAGA-FULLR
[43]
BARREYSKR
-fullr, a. = -gjarn ; -fyst, f. love of
combat ; -gjarn, a. eager for combat ;
-guc5, m. god of battle; -gyftja, f.
goddess of battle ; -laust, adv. without
battle ; -list, f. art of war ; -lykt, f.
the close of a bat fie ; -maftr, m.
warrior ; -stef, n., -stefna, f. a time
fixed for a battle.
bardagi, m. (i) beating, thrashing ;
(2) fight) battle (heyja, eiga bardaga
vi6 e-n) ; (3) calamity ', scourge.
barcS-hvalr, m. a sort of whale.
barfti, m. a sort oj ship, f ram.'
barft-mikill, a. with <7 tf-raz/'barS' (3).
barir, f. pl. = barar (rare).
barka-kyli, n. Adam's apple.
barki, m. windpipe, weazand.
barki, m. a sort of small boat paunch.
bark-lauss, a without bark (borkr).
barlak, n, &ar/ey, = bygg.
barmi, m. poet., brother.
barmr, m. brim, rim (of a vessel or
a steel cap).
barm-tog, n. a rope for hauling the
nets ashore.
barn, n. (i) bairn, child; vera me5
barni, to be with child; ganga me6
barni, to go with child; barns
hafandi or hafandi at barni, with
child, pregnant; fra blautu barni,
from one's tender years ; (2) = manns-
barn ; hvert b., every man, every
living souL
barna (aft), v. to get with child.
barna-born, n. pi. grand-children ;
-eldi, n. procreation of children ;
-foeri, n. in the phrase, ekki -fceri, no
task for children ; -gaman. n. child's
play ; -karl, m. children's friend.
barn-aldr, m. = barnsaldr.
barna-leikr, m. child's play.
,barn-alinn, pp. native ; -alinn a
Islandi, a native of Iceland.
barna-n^al, n. childish affair; gera
e-t at -malum, to treat as a trifle,
trifle with ; -messa, f. holy Inno-
cents* Day ; -skap, n. childish tem-
per ; hafa ekki -skap, to be no baby ;
-vipr, n. childish trifles, gewgaws ;
-pattr, m. the section of law concern-
ing infants.
barn-beri, a. with child, pregnant ;
-burftr, m. childbirth ; -barr, a.
capable of bearing children, opp. to
'ubyrja'; -domr, m. childhood;
-eign, f. (i) getting or having chil-
dren ; (2) children, family (fur<5u ilia
-eign gat Loki) ; -et.kja, f. childhood,
= barnoeska ; -faSir, m. a child's
alleged father ; -f ostr, n. fostering of
a child (a kind of adoption in oiden
times) ; bj66a e-m -fostr, to offer to
do this for another man ; -fostra, f.
foster-mother ; -fostri, m. foster-
father; -fulga, f. pay for the main-
tenance of a child; -fceddr, pp.=
-alinn ; borinn ok -fceddr, born and
bred ; -foe (Si, n. native place, birthplace
(eiga -foe6i e-s staSar) ; -getnaSr, m.
( i) procreation of children ; (2) preg-
nancy (hon haftH fengit -getna3 af
peirra samvistu) ; -goelur, f. pi.
nursery songs, lullabies.
barningr, m. thrashing, see 'lama-
barningr '.
barn-lauss, a childless ; -leikr, m.
= barnaleikr ; -leysi, n. childlessness ;
-ligr, a. childish, childlike.
barns-aldr, m. (time of) childhood
(nykominn af -aldri) ; -bein, n., in
the phrase, fra (or af) blautu -beini,
from child/wed; -full, a. f. pregnant ;
-fylgja f. /'/^<2//^-^y/^, = eptirbur3r ;
-gratr, m. the crying of a baby ;
-hufa, f. child's cap.
barn-skikkja, f. child"* cloak ;
-skirn, f. christening of an infant ;
-skirnar-orS, n. pi. words used in
christening, baptismal formula.
barn-sott, f. pains, throes of child-
birth (taka -sott) ; -aaell, &. fortunate
in one's children ; -sseng, f. childbed;
-teitr, a. glad as a child; -ungr, a.
very young, youthful; -umagi, m.,
-umegft, i. (see these words) ; -oeska,
f. childhood (brad er barnceska).
barr, n. (i) acicular leaves, needles
of the fir or pine (wrongly applied
by Snorri, who speaks of the 'barr'
of the ash) ; (2) barley.
barr-ax!a(5r, a. high-shouldered,
with sharp, prominent shoulder bones ,
-hadda'Sr, a. poet., barley-haired (of
the earth).
Barrey&kr, a. from Barra (in the
Hebrides).
BARR-SKEPTR
[44]
BAG-RABR
barr-skeptr, a. high-shafted, of an
axe (breiSox barrskept).
barr-vit5r, m. pine-forest; the wood
of the fir.
bar-smiS, f. (l) thrashing, flogging;
(2) in -pi., fight, row.
barun (pi. barunar), m. baron.
bar-vic5ri, n. beating storm, violent
blasts (b. ok regn mikit).
bassi, m. &w, bersi.
bast, n. (i) bast, the inner bark of
the lime-tree (bleikr sem b.) ; (2) cord
or string of bast (s peir d b. bauga
dregna).
basta (ao), v. to bind until a rope of
bast (ubastadr ok ubundinn).
bastarftr, m. bastard.
bastari, m. bastrope-maker.
bast-bleikr, a. pale as bast ( = bleikr
sem b.) ; -lina, f. cord of bast ; -taug,
f. rope or cord of bast ; -vesall, a. =
-bleikr ; -0x, f. a kind of axe.
bati, m. improvement, advantage.
batna (atS), v. (i) to improve, get
better; (2) impers., e-m batnar, one
recovers (after sickness) ; the disease
is added in gen. (e-m batnar sins
meins, sjukleika).
batnaor (gen. -ar), m. improve-
ment (berja e-n til batnadar).
bauga-brot, n. fragments of rings
('given in payment) ; -tal, n. enumera-
tion of 'rings'* (baugar), the section
of law dealing with weregilds.
baug-bot, f. supplemental payment
to the ' baugr ' (baugpak, pveiti) ;
-broti, m. 'ring-breaker*, free-handed
man ; -boetandi (pi. -endr). m. one
who has to pay the weregild (baugr) ;
-eitSr, m. the oath upon the sacred
temple ring; -gildi, n. (i) the 'were-
gild' to be paid to the ' agnates ' of the
slain, opp. to * nefgildi ', the same
amount to be paid to the 'cognates' ;
(2) agnatic relationship.
baug-gildingr, m. = next.
bauggildia-maftr, m., usually pi.
-menn, agnates who are bound to pay
or receive the ' bauggildi '.
baug-gildr, a. payable, fit to pay
as ' bauggildi ' (-gildr eyrir, -gilt ie).
baugr (-s, -ar), m. (I) ring, armlet
(of gold or silver) worn on the wrist,
esp. the sacred ring (stallahringr) on
the altar in heathen temples, cf.
' baugei5r ' ; (2) in olden times, before
minted gold or silver came into use,
such rings were commonly used as a
medium of payment; hence 'baugr'
simply means money ; (3) fine of
varying amount for manslaughter,
weregild; (4) gaff-hookl (5) in the
phrase, eiga (kost) a baugi, to have a
(single] chance left ; ef sa vseri a"
baugi, if there were no other chance ;
pu munt eiga slikan a" baugi bratt,
thou wilt soon have the very same
chance or lot (viz. death) ; (6) the
painted circle on a roiind shield.
baug-rygr (-rygjar, -rygir), f. an
only rt'rt/^///^ entitled to receive and
pay wercgild.
baugs-helgr, f. personal sacredness
(so that one's death must be atoned
for by a weregild).
baug-vari(5r, pp. adorned with
rings; -pak, n. ' ring- cover ing' ,
supplemental payment to be added to
the ' baugr ' (3) ; at -paki, fig., in addi-
tion, to boot; -pigejandi (-endr), m.
receiver of weregild.
bauka (aft), v. to dig, to rummage.
baula, f. cow ; baulu-fall, n. the
carcase of a slaughtered cow ; -fotr,
m. cow's foot, a nickname.
baun (pi. -ir), f. bean ; bauna-logr,
m. bean-broth.
bauta, v. beat, chase ? (svd. bautu ver
bjornuna).
bautacSar-, bautar- or bauta-
steinn, m. stone monument, memorial
stone (reisa, setja bautastein).
baztr, a. superl., = beztr.
baftir (baftar, bssSi, gen. beggja),
a. both (ba5ir tveir).
bagi, m. poet., adversary.
bagr, a. uneasy, awkward (verQr
honum nu bag hondin) ; bagt var
mjok um matbjargir, provisions were
very scarce.
bagr, m. contest, resistance, in such
phrases as, brjota bdg vi6 e-n, to con-
tend against, offer resistance to ; f6r i
bg me6 peim, a conflict arose between
them; they quarrelled.
bag-raftr, a. difficult to deal with,
BAG-R^EKR
[45]
BEINIR
opp. to ' auS-rafir ' ; -rrokr, a. difficult
to drive (of geese).
bakn, n. beacon, signal.
bakn a (aft), v. to beckon, make
signs (>eir ba"knu5u va"pnunum til
peirra Hakonar).
bal. n. (\} fire\ sla" b. = drepa eld ;
(2) flame, blaze ; gera b., to make a
blaze ; (3) pyre, funeral pile ; bera.
e-n a" b., to carry to the pyre ; stiga a
b., to mount the Pyre.
bal -for, {.funeral.
balkr, m. (i) partition, balk (b. um
J)veran hellinn) ; (2) section in a code
of laws ; (3) body, group, host.
bara, f. wave, billow ; vant er at
sigla milli skers ok baru, between
Scylla and Charybdis.
bara (at5), v. to fall and rise in
waves (vatnit hrcerdist mjok ok
barafli).
barottr, a. undulated, wavy (hauss-
inn var allr b. utan sem horpuskel).
bar-stort, a. n., var -stort, the waves
ran high.
barn-fall, n. heavy sea ; -skot, n.
swell', -stormr, in. storm with heavy
sea', -stort = bar-stort.
basa (a(5), v. to drive into a stall,
with dat. = baesa.
bas-hella, f. a flag-stone separating
two stalls in a cowhouse.
bass, m. boose or stall in a cow-
house (binda ku a bas).
bdsun, m. bassoon (for. word),
bat-festr, f. a rope by which a boat
is made fast ; -lausa a. having no
boat ; -leysi, n. want of a d<at ;
-macSr, m. boatman.
batr (-s, -ar), m. boat ; sja fyrir bati
sinum, to go one's own course, to mind
one's own business.
bats-borS, n. the side of a boat ;
-farmr, m. boafs freight ; -haki, m.
boat-hook.
bat-stafn, m. boafs prow.
bet5ja f. poet., bed-fellow, wife.
betS-mal, n. pi. bed-talk.
be^r (-jar -ir), m. bolster, bedding
ganga a bc5 e-m, to go to bed with
one, to marry.
bei(5a (-clda, -ddr), v. to ask, beg
request ; b. e-n e-s, or b. e-m (Jot
we] e-s ; b. e-s af e-m, to ask a thing
of or from a person ; b. e-n mals,
orda, to address one ; with ace., b.
ogbei fling, to make a lawful request ;
erl., beiSast, to request on one's own
behalf (b. laga, gri<5a) ; beiddr, pp
inwilling, reluctant (b. for ek heiman
at bidMa f)in, Gu6run).
toeifting, f., beitSni, f., beiSsla, f.
equest, demand.
bei?slu-ma$r, m. a person asking.
beimar, m. pi. poet., men, heroes.
bein, n. (i) bone', lata me6 beini
ganga, to deal blows to the very bone,
give no quarter ; hafa b. \ hendi, to
be well off', (2) /*, = fotleggr ; (3) pi.
mortal remains ; bera bein or beinin,
to be buried (her mun ek b. bera d
Islandi).
beina (-da, -dr), v. (i) to stretch
out, put into motion ; b. flug, to
stretch the wings for flight b. skri<3
sinn, to creep, of a serpent ; b. raust-
ina, to raise the voice, speak aloud ;
(2) to further, promote ; b. for (ferSj
e-s, to help one forwards ; b. at or til
me5 e-m, to lend one help, to assist
one ; b. e-u til e-s, to contribute to a
thing', b. at e-u, to lend a Jiand to ;
b. fyrir e-m, to support > entertain.
beina-, gen. pi. from ' bein ' and gen.
sing, from ' beini '.
beina-bot, f. accommodation^ comfort
for guests.
beina-foersla, f. removal of bones
(from one churchyard to another);
-hruga, f. heap of bones ; -lag, n.
burying of one's bones, death.
beina-spell, n. spoiling the comfort
of guests ; -burfi, a. in need of
hospitable treatment.
bein-brjota (see brjota), v. to break
one's bones ; -brot, n. fracture of a
bone ; -fastr, a., -fast sar, a wound
to the bone ; -fiskr, m. a kind of
fish ; -groinn, pp. grown fast to the
bone ; -hogg, n. a bloiv injuring the
bone (svoSusar ok eigi beinhogg).
beini, m. (i) help, benefit', (2) esp.
hospitable entertainment, hospitality
(vinna, veita e-m beina) ; ganga um
beina, to wait upon the guests.
beinir, m.=beini (i).
BEINI-SAMR
[46]
BEKKR
beini-samr, a. ready (willing) to
help ; -semi, f. readiness to help.
bein-knuta, f. joint-bone ; -kross,
m. cross of bone ; -lauss, a. boneless,
'without bones.
bein-leitSis, adv. straight, directly.
bein-leiki, m. hospitable treatment,
hospitality, \^\m (2).
beinn, a. (i) straight \ bein ras,
straight course ; beinstr vegr, the
straightest (shortest] way ; (2) hospit-
able (bondi var beinn vi5 pa) ; gera
beint vi6 e-n, to treat one kindly.
-beinn, a. -legged (berbeinn, bare-
legged', digrbeinn, thick-legged}.
beinn, m. a kind of tree, ebony?
bein-skeyti, f. straight shooting,
marksmanship ; -skeytr, a. straight-
shooting, a good shot.
beins-litr, m. colour of a bone.
bein-storr, a. big-boned (ma5r
mikill ok beinstorr).
beint, adv. (i) straight, in a straight
line, straight on ; (2) just (bat kom
mdr b. f hug) ; b. sex tigir skipa,
precisely sixty ships ; nu b., just now ;
pa" b., b. i pessu, /#.$/ then.
bein-verkir, m. pi. pain in the legs.
bein-vi$r, m. holly.
bein-voxtr, m. bone-growth, size
of bones (litill beinvoxtum).
beiska, f. bitterness, sourness.
beiska (aS), v. to embitter.
beisk-leikr, m. bitterness, harsh-
ness ; -liga, adv. bitterly (grata -liga) ;
-ligr, a. bitterish ; -Iunda6r, a. bitter-
hearted, malevolent.
beiskr, a. (i) bitter, acrid (b.
drykkr) ; (2) exasperated, angry (hon
var5 beisk vi6) ; (3) painful, sore
(beiskr bruni).
beit, f. pasturage, pasture.
beit, f. a plate of metal mounted on
the brim (of a thing).
beit, n. poet., ship.
beita, f. bait, esp. for fish.
beita (-tta, -ttr), v. (i) to 'cause to
bite ', graze, with the animals in dat.
(b. nautum), the pasture in ace. (b.
haga, land, engi) ; absol. to pasture
cattle (b. 1 skogi) ; b. upp land, to
exhaust by grazing ; b. upp (to con-
sume} engjum ok heyjum ; (2) to
handle, use a weapon (b. sverSi) ;
(3) to hunt or chase (with dogs or
hawks) ; b. e-n hundum, to set dogs on
one ; (4) fig., b. e-n brb'gSum, ulogum,
illu, to deal cunningly, unlawfully,
badly with one ; recipr., viS hofum
opt brogdum beizt, schemed against
each other \ (5) to harness (a horse,
&c.) to a vehicle (b. hest fyrir vagn) ;
beittu enn blakka mar. saddle thy
black steed ; fig., b. e-n fyrir e-t, to put
one at the head of; refl., beitast fyrir
e-t or e-u, to lead the cause ; (6) to
furnish (a vehicle] with horses (vagn
at b.) ; (7) to steer or sail near the
wind, to cruise (beita peir i brott fra"
landinu) ; fengu peir beitt fyrir Skot-
land, they weathered S.
beit-fiskr, m.fish to be caught with
bait? (al. * beinfiskr.')
beiti, n. pasturage.
beiti-dss, m. sail-yard.
beiting, f. (i) grazing; (2) sailing
by the wind (cf. prd-beiting).
beitinga-mal, n. a lawsuit about
right of grazing or pasturage.
beittr, a. sharp, keen (of cutting
instruments).
beizl, n. bridle ; leggja b. vid hest,
to bridle a horse.
beizla (at5), v. to bridle.
beizla. f. = bei6sla.
beizl-al, f. bridle-rein ; -hringr, m.
bridle-ring; -tamr, a. used to the
bridle ; -taumr, m. bridle-rein.
beizlu-ma(5r, m.=beiflsluma8r.
bejur, bsejur, f. pi. fetters, irons
(foreign word).
bekkjar-gjof, f. 'bench-gift* (a gift
which the bridegroom offered to the
bride at the wedding festival).
beklrjar-kvern, f. water-mill.
bekkjast (t), v. refl. to strive to get
a thing (b. til e-s) ; b. til vid e-n, to
pick a quarrel with one.
bekkju-nautr, m. bench-fellow.
bekk-klaB(5i, n. covering of a bench.
bekkr (gen. -s or -jar, pi. -ir), m.
bench ; ce<5ri b., the upper bench (along
the north side of the hall, looking
towards the sun) ; uceSri b., the lower
(inferior] bench (along the southern
side) ; breiSa, stra* bekki, to cover,
BBKKK
[47]
BERA
strew the benches (in preparation for
a feast or wedding).
bekkr (gen. -B or -jar, pi. -ir), m.
beck, brook (poet.).
bekk-skrautuSr, m. adorner (orna-
ment] of the bench (poet.).
bekri, m. ram ; brjota bekrann, to
break one's neck (rare).
belg-flattr, m. flay ing or taking off
the skin of an animal entire (fla
hafrana -flastti).
belgja (-5a, -(5r), v. to inflate, puff
out (b. hva'pta, augun).
belgr (gen. -s or -jar, pi. -ir), m. (i)
the skin (of a quadruped) taken oft
whole (cf. kalfsbelgr, kattbelgr, hafr-
belgr, otrbelgr) ; (2) skin-bag, skin-
case (draga belg a or yfir hofud e-m) ;
(3) bellows (smidju-belgr).
belja (a(5), v. to bellow (b. sem naut).
beljan, f. bellowing, lowing.
bella (bell, ball, ), v. to hit, hurt,
with dat. (ball >er nu ?) ; ekki m
ofeigum b., one not fated to die is
proof against all shots.
bella (-da, -t), v. to dare, venture,
with dat. ; (hverr mun hafa bessu
bellt ?) ; to deal in, display (bella
svikum, lygi, gle6i).
belli-bragS, n. knavish trick.
bellinn, a. tricky, trickish.
bell-visi, f. trickishness.
belta-drattr, m. a close struggle.
belli, n. belt (cf. gjb'rfl, lindi).
beltis-piiss, m. a pouch attached to
the belt ; -staftr, m. waist.
ben (-jar, -jar), f. (i) mortal wound
(ben, ef at bana verdr) ; (2) small
bleeding wound', also of the wound
produced by letting blood.
ben, n. wo^^nd='bzn, f.
benda (-nda, -ndr), v. to beckon,
make a sign with the head or hand
(b. e-m til sin, at fylgja ser) ; with
ace., b. e-t fyrir, to forebode, betoken.
benda (-nda, -ndr), v. to bend (b.
sverd um kne ser) ; b. boga, to bend
a bow ; b. hofuSit, to bow the head ;
refl., bendast a um e-t, to dispute,
contest about.
benda, f. band, tie (cf. hofudbenda).
bendi, n. cord.
bendill, m. small cord, string.
bending, f. (i) sign, token; gera
e-m bending, to make a sign to one ;
(2) foreboding, betokening (vist eru
betta bendingar storra bardaga).
bendr, pp. bended, bent (skjota af
bendum boga).
benja (a(5), v. to wound mortally
(broSur minn hefr bii benjadan).
benja-lyaing, f. a sort of coroner's
inquest upon a slain man ; -vattr, m.
a sort of coroner's juryman ; -vsstti, n.
the verdict of a benjavattr.
ben-lauss, a. free from wounds ;
-logi, m. poet. ' wound-flame ', sword ;
-rdgn, n. ' wound-drops ' ; -vondr,
m. poet. ' wound-wand ', sword.
benzl, n. pi. bent state of a bow ;
taka boga af benzl um, to unbend it.
ber (gen. pi. berja), n. berry.
bera (ber ; bar, barum ; borinn),
v. I. (i) to bear, carry, convey (bar
B. biskup f borum sudr i Hvamm) ;
b. (farm) af skipi, to unload a ship ;
b. (mat) af borSi, to take (the meat} off
the table ; b. e-t a hesti, to carry on
horseback ; (2) to wear (b. klaefti,
va"pn, koronu); b. cegishjalm, to in-
spire fear and awe ; (3) to bear, pro-
duce, yield (jorSin berr gras ; tre
bera aldin, epli) ; (4) to bear, give
birth to, esp. of sheep and cows ; kyr
hafdi borit kalf, had calved', absol.,
va"n at hon mundi bera, that the cow
would calve ; the pp. is used of men ;
hann hafdi verit blindr borinn, born
blind ; ver5a borinn \ J)enna heim, to
be born into this world ; J)ann soma,
sem ek em til borinn, born to ; borinn
e-m, fra e-m (rare), born of; Nott
var Norvi borin, was the daughter of
N.; borinn Sigmundi, son of S. ; (5)
b. e-n afli, ofrafli, ofrlidi, ofrmagni,
ofriki, to bear one down, overcome,
oppress, one by odds or superior force ;
b. e-n raSum, to overrule one ; b. e-n
malum, to bear one down (wrong ully]
in a lawsuit', b. e-n sok, to charge
one with a fault; b. e-n b;6ri, to
make drunk with beer; verda bra"5um
borinn, to be taken by surprise;
borinn verkjum, overcome by pains ;
bess er borin van, there is no hope,
all hope is gone ; borinn baugum,
BERA
[48]
BERA
bribed ; cf. bera fe a e-n, to bribe one ;
(6) to bear, be capable of bearing (of a
ship, horse, vehicle) ; peir hlodu basSi
ski pin sem bord b-iru, with as much
as they could carry ; fig., to sustain,
support (svd. mikill mannfjoldi, at
landit fekk eigi borit) ; of persons, to
bear- up against, endure, support
(grief, sorrow, &c.) ; absol., bar hann
drengiliga, he bore it manfully ;
similarly, b. (harm) af ser, berast vel
(ilia, litt) af ; bar hon skoruliga af ser,
she bore up bravely ; hversu berst
Au6r af um br65urdau6ann, how does
she bear it f hon berst af litt, she is
much cast down ; b. sik vel upp, to
bear well up against ; (7) b. e-t a"
e-n, d hendr e-m, to charge or tax
one with (eigi erum ver pess valdir,
er pu berr a oss) ; b. (kvid) a e-n, to
give a verdict against, declare gitilty
(i annat sinn bd.ru peir d. Flosa kvi<3-
inn) ; b. af e-m (kviSinn), to give a
verdict for ; b. e-t af ser, to deny
having done a thing ; b. or b. vitni,
vsetti, to bear witness, testify ; b. or
b. um e-t, to give a verdict in a case ;
b. e-n sannan at sbk, to prove one
guilty by evidence ; b. e-n undan sok,
to acquit ; b. \ sundr irasndsemi peirra,
to prove (by evidence] that they are
not relations ; b. e-m vel (ilia) soguna,
to give a favourable (unfavourable]
account of one ', refl. (pass.), berast, to
be proved by evidence (pott per berist
pat faderni, er pii segirj ; (8) to set
forth, report, tell ; b. e-mkvefiju (ord,
orSsending), to bring one a greeting,
compliments (word, message) ; b. or
b. fram erindi sin fyrir e-n, to state
(tell) one's errand or to plead one's case
before one ; b. e-m njosn, to apprise
one ; b. e-t upp, to produce, men-
tion, tell', b. upp gdtu, to give (pro-
pound) a riddle', b. upp erindi sin, to
state one's errand; b. saman ra5 sin,
to consult together ; eyddist pad ra5,
er peir baru saman, which they had
designed ; (9) to keep, hold, bear, of a
title (b. jarlsnafn, konungsnafn) ; b.
(eigi) giptu, gasfu, hamingju, auSnu
til e-s, (not) to have the good fortitne
to do a thing (bar hann enga gasfu til
at pjona per) ; b. vit, skyn, kunndttu
a" e-t, to have knowledge of, under-
standing about ; vel viti borinn, en-
dowed with a good understanding;
b. hug, araedi, por, traust til e-s, to
have courage, confidence to do a thing ;
b. dhyggju fyrir e-u, to be concerned
about', b. ast, elsku, hatr til e-s, to
bear affection, love, hatred to; (10) to
bear off or away, carry off (some
gain) ; b. sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry
off the victory from or in; hann
hafdi borit sigr af tveim orustum, he
had been victorious in two battles ;
b. haerra (lasgra) hlut, to get the best
(the worst] of it; b. efra (hasrra)
skjold, to gam the victory ; b. hatt
(lagt) hofudit, to bear the head high
(low), to be in high (low) spirits ; b.
halann bratt, lagt, to cock iip or let
fall the tail, to be in high or low
spirits ; (n) with preps. ; b. af e-m,
to surpass ; en po bar Bolli af, sur-
passed all the rest ; b. af sdr hogg,
lag, to ward off, parry a blow or
thrust; b. eld at, to set jire to; b.
fjotur (bond) at e-m, to put fetters
(bonds) on one; b. vdpn e-n, to
attack one with sharp weapons ; b. a
or f, to smear, anoint (b. vatn i augu
ser, b. tjoru i hofud ser) ; b. e-t til, to
apply to, try if it fits (b. til hvern
lykil af oSrum at portinuj ; b. e-t um,
to wind round; pa bar hann pd festi
um sik, made it fast round his body ;
b. um me5 e-m, to bear with, have
patience with ; b. ut barn, to expo sea
child; (12) refl., berast mikit (litit) d,
to bear oneself proudly (humbly) ;
lata af b., to die ; Idta fyrir b. e-s
staSar, to stay, remain in a place (for
shelter) ; b. e-t fyrir, to design a thing
(barst hann pat fyrir at sja aldregi
konur) ; at njosna um, hvat hann
baerist fyrir, to inquire into what he
was about ; b. vapn a, to attack one
another; b. at or til, to happen ; pat
barst at (happened) einhverju sumri ;
ef svd, harSliga kann til at b., if that
misfortune does happen ; b. i moti, to
happen, occur ; hefir petta vel i moti
borizt, it is a happy coincidence ; b.
i5, to be prevented ; ok nu let alirult-
BERA
[49]
BERGISAMLIGR
tugr guS vi3 b. kirkjubrunann, pre-
vented, stopped the burning of the
church ; Il.impers., denoting a sort
of passive or involuntary motion ; (i)
with ace., it bears or carries one to
a place ; alia berr at sama brunni, all
come to the same well (end) ; bar
hann (ace.) pa ofan gegnt Osuri, he
happened to come down just opposite
to O. ; esp. of ships and sailors ; berr
oss (ace.) til Islands ecSa annarra
landa, ive drift to Iceland or other
countries] p (ace.) bar su5r i haf,
they were carried out southwards ;
Skarphe3in (ace.) bar nu at peim, S.
came siiddenly upon them ; ef hann
(ace.) skyldi bera par at, if he should
happen to come there ; e-n berr yfir,
one is borne onwards, of a bird flying,
a man riding ; hann (ace.) bar skjott
yfir, it passed quickly (of a flying
meteor) ; (2) followed by preps. ;
Gunnar ser, at rauSan kyrtil bar vid
glugginn, that a red kirtle passed
before the window ; hvergi bar skugga
(ace.) a, there was nowhere a shadow ;
e-t berr fram (hatt), is prominent \
6lafr konungr st66 i lyptingu ok bar
hann (ace.) hatt mjok, stood oiit con-
spicuously ; e-t berr a" milli, comes
between ; leiti (ace.) bar a milli, a
hill hid the prospect; fig., e-m berr
e-t a" milli, they are at variance about
a thing; mart (ace.) berr nu fyrir
augu mer, many things come now be-
fore my eyes ; veiQi (ace.) berr i hendr
e-m, game falls to one's lot ; e-t berr
undan, goes amiss, fails ; b. saman,
to coincide ; bnr nofn peirra saman,
they had the same name; fig., with
dat. ; bar 6'llum sogum vel saman,
all the stories agreed well together ;
fund va"rn bar saman, we met ; (3) b.
at, til, vi5, at hendi, til handa, to
befall, happen, with dat. of the per-
son ; sva bar at einn vetr, it happened
one winter; po at petta vandrasSi
(ace.) hafi nu borit oss (dat.) at hendi,
has befallen us ; bar honum svd, til, it
so befell him ; pat bar vid (it so
happened], at Hognikom; raun (ace.)
berr a, it is proved by fact ; (4) of
time, to fall upon ; ef ping (ace.) berr
ICEL. DICT.
a" hina helgu viku, if the parliament
falls in the holy week ; b. i moti, to
coincide, happen exactly at the same
time ; (5) denoting cause ; e-t berr
til, causes a thing; konungr spurSi,
hvat til basri ugledi hans, what was
the cause of his grief ; astluflu pat pa
allir, at pat mundi til b., that that
was the reason ; berr e-m nau(3?yn til
e-s, one is obliged to do a thing; (6)
e-t berr undir e-n,/^//j to a person s
lot ; hon a arf at taka, pegar er undir
hana berr, in her turn ; e-t berr fra,
is surpassing; er sagt, at pat (ace.)
bceri Ira, hve vel peir masltu, it was
extraordinary how well they spoke ;
(7) e-t berr bra<5um, happens of a
sudden ; e-t berr storu, storum (steer-
rum), it amounts to much (more], it
matters a great deal (more*, it is of
great (greater) important; (8) absol.
or with an adv., vel, ilia, with infin. ;
e-m berr (vel, ilia) at gera e-t, it be-
comes, beseems one (well, ill) to do a
thing (berr y<5r vel, herra, at sja
sannindi pessu mali) ; used absol.,
berr vel, ilia, it is beseeming, proper,
fit, or unbeseeming, improper, unfit
(pat pykkir eigi ilia b., at). "
bera (aS), v. to make bare (hon
beraSi likam sinn).
bera, f. s/ie-&ear, = b\rna.
ber-bakt, adv. bare-backed, without
saddle (rifia -bakt) ; -beinn, a. bare-
legged; -brynjaSr, a. wearing a coat
of mail with no garment over it ;
dreymr, a. having clear dreams as
to the future.
ber-fjall, n. bear-skin (cf. 'bera').
ber-foettr, a. bare-footed, bare-
legged; berfcettr br66ir, bare-footed
friar, mi n or it e.
berg, n. (i) rock, boulder \ (2) cliff,
Precipice (framan i bergi).
berg-bui, m. rock-dweller, giant;
-danir, m. pl. = -buar; -hamarr, m.
rocky precipice ; -hlift, f. the side of a
berg, mountain slope ; -hogg, n. a
quarrying tool.
bergi-biti, m. a bit to taste, small
bit -ligr, a. inviting to taste.
berging, f. tasting, taste.
bergisamligr, a. =bergiligr.
E
BERGJA
[50]
BESTI
bergja (-$a, -$r), v. to taste, with
dat. ; f>6rgunna vildi 0ngum mat b.,
Th. would taste no food ; b. olvi, to
taste (drink] ale ; b. dauda, to taste
death ; also b. e-u (enn hofum vid
eigi d dauda bergt).
bergning, f. = berging (rare).
berg-nos, f. = bergsnos; -rifa, f.
fissure in a r0v, = bjargrifa ; -rial, m.
hill-giant ; -skor, f. rift in a rocky
hill, = bjargskora ; -snos, f. a rocky
Projection ; -tollr, m. rock-toll, paid
for catching fowl thereon ; -vort5r,
m. a watch or lookout for rocks and
cliffs (halda bergvord).
ber-hof5i, a. indecl. bare-headed;
-hogg, n. in the phrase, ganga \ (or d)
-hogg vid e-n, to enter into open fight
with ; Joan gekk berhogg at banna
allar basr uhcefur, interdicted these
abuses boldly and openly.
berill, m. vessel, barrel for fluids
(mjodrinn var borinn i berlum).
berindis, adv. openly (rare).
berja (ber ; baroa, bortSum ; barSr,
baritSr), v. (i) to beat, strike, smite
(b. e-n) ; hdr sva fagrt sem barit
gull, as beaten gold ; b. korn af hdlmi,
to thresh ; b. hud af e-m, to scourge
severely ; b. e-n grjoti, to stone
(=gryta) ; b. e-n illyrdum, aVitum, to
abuse, reproach one ; b. a" e-m, to
attack one with blows, give one a
thrashing ; b. a" hurd, dyrr, at hurdu,
at dyrum, to knock, rap at a door; b.
seV brjost, to smite one's breast (in
repentance) ; b. til e-s = b. e-m ; b.
e-n til e-s, to drive one with blows to
do a thing (verda bardr til bcekr) ;
(2) with dat., b. grjoti i andlit e-m, to
throw stones in one's face ; b. saman
vapnum, skjoldum, to dash weapons,
shields against each other', b. (to
neglect, slight) guds boSum ; b. e-u
ni5r (opp. to Ijosta e-u upp), to hush
U P j (3) intrans., hjarta hans bar6i
(beat, throbbed] undir sidunni ; (4)
impers., skyjagrjoti bar6i i augu
beim, hailstones dashed in their eyes ;
beim bardi saman, they dashed
against each other \ (5) refl., berjast,
to fight (vi5 e-n, with or against a
Person : vid ve6r, against bad weather ;
vid e-m, for a person] ; b. a" e-t, to
assail, attack (b. a borgina, a" gu5s
Iy6) ; bott hann berdist lengi mot
(offered resistance].
berja-vin, n. berry-wine.
berkja (-ta, -t), v. to boast, brag.
ber-kyrtla(5r, a. wearing the kirtle
only, without cloak or mantle ;
-leggjatSr, -leggr, a. bare-legged;
-liga, adv. (i) openly, barely ; (2)
quite, altogether (berliga uviljandi) ;
-ligr, a. open, manifest, clear.
berlings-ass, m. pole (-ass digr
brett^n alna langr).
ber-malugr, a. ottt spoken ; -maslgi,
f., -msBli, n. pi. outspokenness, frank-
ness; -msBltr, a. = -malugr.
bernska, f. childhood (hann var bd i
bernsku).
bernsk-liga, adv. childishly ; -ligr,
a. childish ; bernskr, a. childish,
childlike.
bernsku-aldr, m. years, days, of
childhood ; -bragft, n. childish trick ;
-ligr, a. belonging to childhood,
childish ; -ma(5r, m. childish person,
youth ; -ra5, n. childish design.
berr, a. (i) bare, naked (lik bert ok
blodugt) ; undir berum himni, in the
open air ; hvila a berri jorSu, on the
bare ground ; (2) open, clear, mani-
fest ; segja e-t berum orSum, in plain
words ; verSa berr at e-u, to be con-
victed of a thing ; gora e-t bert, to
make known ; gora sik beran i e-u,
to reveal, show one's mind in a
thing; voru berastir f bvf f>raendir,
the Th. were most undisguised in it.
ber-serkr (-s, -ir), m. * bear-sark ',
berserker, a wild warrior of the
heathen age.
berserks-gangr, m. fury of the
berserkers.
bersi, m., see ' bessi '.
ber-skjaldac5r, a. without a shield ;
-syndugr, a. guilty of open sin (ber-
syndugr maor) ; -sogli, f. out-
spokenness, freedom of speech.
bert, adv. openly, clearly (maela b.).
ber-yrt$i, n. pl. = bermaeli, bersogli.
bessi (for ' bersi ', cf. ' bera ', f.), m.
he-bear, Bruin.
besti, n. = bast.
BETR
[51]
BIL
betr, adv. compar., (i) better ; b.
boetti mer, I would rather; vanu b.,
better than expected', hafa b., to get
the better of it ; (2) more ; leggit fram
b. hit mikla skipit, bring further
forward', brjii hundrud ok brir tigir
ok sex b., to boot ; ef hann orkar {or
ma) b.,*/ 'he can do more ; ekki ma'ttu
sumir menn b. en fa staftizt, they
were just able to keep up against him ;
sva bar, at engi annarra tok b. en i
6x1 honum, reached higher than to
his shoulder.
betra (aft), v. to better, improve (b.
h'f sitt) ; refl. to become better', im-
pers., beir sogSu, at konungi betraSist
mjok, that the king felt much better.
betran, f. bettering, improvement.
betranligr, a. improvable.
betr-feftrungr, m. a man better
than his father, feSr-betrungr.
betri, a. compar., beztr, superl.
better, best', beim botti betra at, they
thougJit it better to ; beztr bondi, an
excellent farmer', er mer hefir beztr
verit, best (kindest} towards me ;
with gen., mectan bezt er sumars,
during the best part of the summer.
beygja (-fta, -ftr), v. to bend, bow
(b. halsinn fyrir e-m) ; b. e-m krok,
to make it awkward for one.
beyglast (aft), v. refl. to become bent
(spjotit beyglaSist).
beysta (-sta, -str), v. to beat', b.
korn, to thresh ; b. bakfollum, to pull
hard at the oars.
beysti, n. ham, gammon of bacon.
beytill, m. fescue-grass (?), cf.
'goibeytiir.
bezt (older 'bazt'), adv., superl.
to ' vel ', best ; b. biiinn, best equipped ;
b. allra manna, best of all men.
beztr (older ' baztr '), a. superl., see
'betri'.
biblia, f. the Bible ; also ' biflia '.
bift, n. pi. waiting, delay ; goflr i
biSum, patient.
bifta (aft), v. to wait ; b. e-s, to
wait for (beir bi5u5u beirra).
bifta, f. awaiting (rare).
biftan, f. delay, biding.
bift-angr, m. = bi5an, biQvangr.
biftill (pi. biftlar), m. wooer, suitor.
bi(5ja (bift ; baft, baftum ; beftinn),
v. (i) to ask, beg a thing of one (b.
e-n e-s) ; with infin., to beg one to do
a thing ; inn bid bu hann ganga, ask
him to step in ; with the infin. sign
' at ', to beg leave ; biflr hann at fara
nordr d Halogaland, asked for fur-
lough to go to H. ; with ' at ' and a
subj. (biQja viljum ve'r, at bu ser i
Iidsb6ninni me5 oss) ; b. e-s, to beg
for a thing (b. miskunnar, matar) ; b.
e-m e-s, to beg for a thing on behalf
of one', b. e-m lifs, grida, to beg for
one's life, to sue for quarter for
another ; b. ser olmusu, to ask for
alms ; b. (ser) konu, to ask in mar-
riage ; b. fyrir e-m, to intercede
(pray) for one ; (2) to pray to God
(b. til gu5s) ; b. been sina (bcenar
sinnar, been sinnh, to say one's
prayers ; (3) refl., bidjast fyrir, to say
one's prayers ; b. undan, to excuse
oneself (from doing a thing).
bift-leika (aft), v. to wait, stay,
tarry ( = 'bi3a').
bift-lund, f. forbearance, patience.
biftlundar-Koftr, a. patient ; -mal,
n. a matter that can wait.
bift-lyndi, n., -st611, m. (rare),=
bi6-lund.
bift-stund, f. time passed in wait-
ing ; delay, respite.
biftstundar-timi, m. = bi3stund.
bift-vangr, m. = bidangr.
bifaat (ft and aft), ,v. refl. (i) to
shake, tremble (allr Asa salr undir
bifdist) ; (2) to be moved ; vagninn
bifast hvergi, cannot be moved.
bif-roat, f. poet., mythical name of
the rainbow.
bik, n. pitch (svartr sem b. ; biki
svartari) ; bika (aft), v. to p ; tch.
bikarr, m. large drinking cup,
beaker (cf. ' sdttar-bikarr ').
bikkja, f. bitch (=grey, tik).
bikkja (-ta, -tr), v. to plunge into
water ; hann bikkti se'r ut af borfiinu,
hann bikkti \ sjoinn, he plunged over-
board.
bikkju-hvelpr, m. bitch's whelp ;
-sonr. m. son of a bitch ; -stakkr, m.
skin of a bitch.
bil, n. (i) an open space left (b. er
BILA
[52]
BIRTA
f)arna) ; (2) moment ; >at bil, that
very moment ; i >vi bill, at the same
moment, just then.
bila (ao), v. (i) to give way, break,
crack ; J>a" er skipit hljop af stokku-
num, t>a bilaSi i skarar nokkurar, some
of the seams gave way ; (2) with dat.,
flestum bilar arseSit, most people lose
heart; with inrin., f>6rr vill fyrir
engan mim b. at koma til einvigis,
Th. will by no means fail to meet ;
(3) impers., hug ok arasSi mun mik
aldregi b., 1 shall never be wanting
in courage and pluck.
bil-bugr, m. failing of heart, giving
way ; lata engan -bug se'r sja, to
show no sign of fear, stand firm.
bilt, a. n., only in the phrase, e-m
ver5r b., one is startled, alarmed;
f>6r (dat.) var5 b. einu sinni (for once
Thorns heart failed him] at sla hann
me6 hamrinum.
bimbult a. n., in the phrase, e-m
er b., one feels ^tneasy (kerling fser
ekki sofnat um nottina, sva var
henni bimbult).
binda (bind ; batt, bundum ;
bimdinn), v. ( i ) to bind, tie, fasten,
tie up ; b. hest, hund, to tie up a
horse, a dog ; b. sko, >vengi, to tie
shoes, thongs ; b. stein vi6 hals e-m,
to Jasten a stone to one's neck ; b.
fyrir augu e-m, to blindfold one ; (2)
to bind in parcels, to pack up (b.
varning til skips) ; b. hey a hest, to
truss hay on a horse's back ; b. korn,
to tie up sheaves of corn ; b. klyf, to
tie up a pack ; (3) b. e-t um e-t, to
bind round ; hann batt silkirsemu um
fot ser, he bound a strip of silk rouKd
his leg ; b. um e-t, to put a bandage
on ; batt Yngvildr um fot honum,
bound ^^p his (wounded) leg; b. um
sar, to bind t<P a wound; fig., hefir
margr hlotit um sa"rt at b. fyrir mer,
many a man has had wounds to tie up
by my means (i.e. inflicted by me) ;
>ykkir mer bezt um heilt at b., to
bind a sound limb, to keep safe and
sound; b. sar = b. um sar; b. hond
e-s, to bind his hand; (4) to make,
form, contract, enter into (b. samfelag,
vindttu, tengdir, hjiiskap) ; b. ssett
ok fri5, to make a reconciliation and
peace ; b. ra.3, to resolve ; absol. with
intm., to fix, engage (bundu {)eir f>6rir
at hittast a akveSnum staS) ; (5) refl.,
to bind or engage oneself; em ek >6
eigi J)ess buinn, nema fleiri bindist,
unless more persons bind themselves,
enter the league ; b. a" hendi (hondum )
e-m, to bind oneself to serve another
(b. a hendi konungum) ; b. fyrir e-u,
to put oneself at the head of an ^tnder-
taking; b. ( = bincla sik) i e-u, to engage
in a thing (b. i heitum) ; b. i banns
atkvaeSi, to bring on oneself the
sentence of excomnmnication ; with
gen. (b. e-s = b. af or fra e-u), to
refrain from a thing ; eigi bazt hann
ferligra or5a, he did not refrain from
bad words.
bindandi, f.=bindendi.
bindandis-timi, m. time of absti-
nence.
bindendi, f. and n. abstinence (b.
matar ok drykkjar ok margra annara
girnda).
bindendis-kraptr, m. virtue of
abstinence ; -laus 3, a. licentious ;
-lif, n. life of abstinence ; -ma(5r, m.
an ascetic.
bingT, m. bed, bolster (statt upp ur
binginum).
birgSir, f. pi. stores, provisions.
birgiligr, a. serviceable, useful.
birgja (-(5a, -t5r), v., b. e-n at e-u,
to furnish, provide one with a thing
(mivilek b. bii J)itt atm^lnytuisumarj.
birgr, a. well-furnished, provided
(at e-u) with a thing (b. at kosti).
birki-, in compds., birch-.
birkinn, a. birchen ; only in 'birkinn
vidr ' = birkivi5r.
birki-raptr, m. birch-rafter; -viSr,
m. birch-wood.
birkja (-ta, -tr), v. to bark, strip
off the bark from a tree (b. vid).
birkja, f. birch-juice.
birna, f. j// ( ?-^^r, = bera.
birta (-r.a, -rtr), v. (i) to brighten,
light up, illuminate ; var birt allt
hlyrit (the bow of the vessel was made
bright] bas3i hvitum stein i ok raud-
um ; stjornur birta nattina, light up
the night; b. blinda, to make the
BIRTA
[53]
BIDA
blind see ; b. hjortu var, to enlighten
our hearts ; b. rceSu, to elucidate,
make it clearer ; impers., vedrit (ace.)
birtir, /'/ clears up ; Jjokunni (dat.)
birtir, the fog lifts ; (2) to reveal,
manifest, show (skjott mun ek b. mitt
skaplyndi) ; with dat., b. ast sinni, to
manifest one" s love ; refl., birtast, to
appear (birtist >a skacii J>eirra) ;
dagrinn birtist, the day dawns ; b.
e-m, to appear to one.
birta, f. (i) brightness, jair com-
plexion; (2) = birti.
birtari, m. revealer.
birti, n. brightness, light.
birting, f. ( i) brightness ; (2) revela-
tion ; birtingar tiS, the Epiphany.
birtingr, m. a kind of fish, sea-
trout : (?).
biskup (-s, -ar), m. (i) bishop ; (2)
the Jewish high-priest.
biskupa (a5), v. to confirm (b.
born), = ferma.
biskupa-fundr, m., -mot, n. synod
*f bishops.
biskupan, f. confirmation, = fermmg.
biskupa-bing, n. council of bishops.
biskup-domr, m. = biskupsdomr ;
-liga, adv. episcopally ; -ligr, a.
episcopal; biskupligt embsetti, the
office of bishop.
biskups-buningr, m. bishop's robes ;
-bur, n. bishop's larder ; -domr, m.
(i) dignity or rank of a bishop ; (2)
the period during which a bishop
holds office, episcopate (i -domi e-s) ;
(3) episcopal see, bishopric ; -dottir,
f. bishop's daughter ; -dcemi, n. =
-domr (3); -efni, n. bishop-elect;
-fraendi, m. relative of a bishop ;
-garftr, m. bishop's manor ; -gisting,
f. ; -herbergi, n. pi. bishop's apart-
ments ; -kpr, n., -kosning, f. election
of a bishop ; -lauss, a. without a
bishop (landit er -laust) ; -maftr, m.
one in the service of a bishop ; -mark,
n. sign of a bishop ; -magr, m.
brother-in-law of a bishop ; -messa,
f. a mass celebrated by a bishop ;
-mitr, n. bishop's mitre ; -nafn, n.
title of a bishop ; -riki, n. episcopal
see, bishopric ; -sekt, f. a fine to be
paid to the bishop ; -skattr, m. a
duty to be paid to the bishop (in
Norway) ; -skruft, n., -skrufti, m.
bishop's robes; -_onr, m. son of a
bishop ; -stafr, m. bishop's staff,
crosier ; -stjorn, f. administration of
a bishop ; -stoll, m. ( I ) episcopal
seat; (2) bishopric; -sysla, f. (ij =
-stjorn ; (2) province of a bishop,
diocese ; -tign f. dignity or rank of a
bishop ; -tiund, f. the tithe to be paid
to the bishop (in Iceland) ; -vatn,
n. water consecrated by the bishop
Gufimund; -veldi, n. episcopal
power ; -vigsla, f. consecration of a
bishop.
bisrnara-pund, n. a certain weight.
bismari, m. steel-yard (maelir ok
pundari ok bismari).
bisund, f. a gold coin, besant (foreign
word).
bit, n. (i) bite (at tonnunum er
bitsins van) ; (2) sharpness, edge (of
cutting instruments) ; (3) pasture=
beit (Norse).
bita (aft), v. (i) to cut into bits ; (2)
b. ut (utbita), with dat., to extend,
distend, stretch out.
bit-bein, n. bone of contention (hafa
riki pessi lengi at 6'fund or6it ok
-beinum) ; -hundr, m. snappish dog.
biti, m. (i) bit, mouthful; bidja
bitum, to go begging; (2) eyetooth
(upp eru komnir bitar ok jaxlar) ; (3)
cross-beam, cross-girder.
bitill, m. = bitull.
bitlaftr, pp. bitted, bridled; cf.
'gullbitlafir'.
bitlingr, m. bit, morsel; stela bit-
lingum, to steal trifles.
bitr (ace. bitran), a. (i) biting,
snapping (b. nadra) ; (2) cutting,
sharp (bitrt sver6) ; (3) painful, bitter
(b. tregi); -leikr, m. bitterness ; -ligr,
a. sharp, keen (-ligt sverd).
bit-sott, f. disease (of cattle, sheep)
from vermin.
bitull, m. the bit of a bridle.
bifta (bift ; beift, biftum ; beftit),
v. (i) to abide, wait for, with gen,
bi5 J)u min her, wait for me here ;
J)eir bi6u byrjar, they waited for
favourable wind ; b. sinnar stundar,
to bide one's time ; b. e-s or stad
[54]
BJARGA
(paSan, heSan), to stand waiting in
the same place (there, here) ; var eigi
langt at b., at (// 'was not long before]
sannaSist saga abota mins ; (2) to
suffer ; undergo, sustain, with ace., b.
bana (dauSa, hel), skaSa, to suffer
death, loss ; b. dmaeli, to be blamed',
b. osigr, to be defeated; b. enga ro,
to feel no peace, be uneasy ; b. bot
(boetr) e-s, to recover, overcome ; (3)
e-t bi3r e-s, is in store for one, awaits
one (fagnaSu, vin minn, pvi at pin
bi6r eilifr fagnafir) ; (4) impers., e-t
(ace.) bi5r, there is, there is to be had,
with a preceding negative ; hvarki
bi6r par bdru ne vinds bias, there is
felt neither wave nor breath of air ;
varla bei6 braud e6r fceSu, was
scarcely to be had.
biSandi, f. biding, waiting, delay.
biftendr, m. pi. those who wait ; b.
eigu byr, get a fair wind.
bildottr, a. spotted on the cheeks (of
a sheep).
bildr, m. an instrument for letting
blood, lancet (6'rit var sem bilds spor
vaeri, a scar as from a b.).
bild-or, f. a kind of arrow.
bilifi, n. luxury r ,=bylifi.
bita (bit ; belt, bitum ; bitinn), v.
(i) to bite with the teeth (hundr bitr
mann ; E. beit skarS or horninu) ; b.
gras, to graze, also absol. (naut bitu
a velli) ; b. af e-m eyrun, to bite off
his ears ; b. e-t i sundr, to bite asun-
der or through ; b. a vorrinni, kamp-
inum, to bite the lip, the beard;
impers., of fish, to bite, take the bait
(bitr vel a um daginn) ; (2) of sharp
instruments, weapons ; f>eir er eigi
bitu jarn, those whom iron could not
bite ; sver6it beit eigi, did not cut ;
e-m bitr, one's weapon (scythe] cuts
well (allt bitu honum annan veg
vapnin) ; fig., beit petta ra5, was
effective ; (3) of a ship, to go near the
wind; skip, er ver kollum b. allra
skipa bezt, the best sailer ; impers.,
beit peim eigi fyrir Reykjanes, they
could not clear or weather Reykjaness ;
(4) fig., to bite, sting, hurt (pik skulu
allir eiSar b., peir er Helga hafdir
unna) ; sekt. sok bitr e-n, one is con-
victed or found guilty ; bau ma"!, sem
sekt bitr, matters liable to punish-
ment ; b. d e-n, to affect, make an
impression on one ; petta let Kjartan
d sik b., K. took this to heart ; lata
e-t eigi d sik b., to be proof against,
to be unaffected by a thing; (5) e-t
bitr fyrir, is decisive, decides or settles
the matter, esp. so as to render it
impossible ; b. e-m at fullu, to prove
fatal to (hafa mik nu at fullu bitit
hans ra6) ; (6) refL, bitast (of horses),
to bite, in fighting (var honum mikil
forvitni, hve bitast vildi hestrinn) ;
to bite one another (bitast sem hundar
e<3a hestar).
Vjalla, f. bell (hann vigSi klukkur ok
bjollur).
bjaniiak, n. benediction (from Irish
beannacht].
bjarg, n. (i) rock, boulder; (2)
Precipice, cliff (^ the sea).
bjarga (berg; barg, burgum ;
borginn), v. (i) to help, save, with
dat. ; nema f>. byrgi honum, itnless
Th. helped him ; sa er oldum bergr,
who saves mankind (viz. against the
giants, i.e. Thor) ; gu<5s son er ollum
heimi barg, who saved the whole
world ; impers., e-m er borgit, one is
saved, comes stfe and sound out of
danger (brutu skip sitt ok tyndu fd
ollu, en monnum vard borgit flestnm) ;
b. skipshofn, to rescue the ship-
wrecked ; b. skipi, to haul a ship out
of the reach of the tide ; b. hval, to
secure a dead whale (by dragging it
ashore) ; b. konum, to help labouring
women (cf. 'bjargriinar ') ; b. kum, to
attend cows calving; b. nam, to
render the last service to dead bodies
(cf. ' nabjargir ') ; b. sok, mali, to
succeed in winning a case, a suit ;
(2) refl., bjargast, to keep up the
heart, esp. against cold or hunger ;
Oddr bargst vel fjallinu (in a snow
storm) ; b. sjalfr, to gain one's bread;
b. d sinar hendr, to support oneself
with one's own hands ; b. uti, to find
one's food (graze] in the field (of
cattle) ; Snorri go6i fann, at nafni
hans bargst litt vi6 ostinn, that he
got on slowly with eating the cheese ;
BJARQA
[55]
BJ6DA
verSi $6r nu at b. vi5 slikt sem til er,
you must now put up with what you
can get.
bjarga (at$) f v. (rare), = preceding
(bjargat mun mdlinu verSa).
bjargar-vist, f. a situation which
yields food and clothing.
bjarg-aurar, m. pi. means enough
for support.
bjarg-gengr, a. clever at climbing
on fowling cliff's (cf. 'ganga 1 bjarg').
bjarg-hagr, a. a dexterous carpenter
or smith for household work.
bjarg-hogg, n. instrument for hew-
ing steps in a rock.
bjarg-kostr, m. means of support ';
-kviftr, m. verdict of acquittal',
leysi, n. starvation, destitution ;
-ra5, n. (i) means of salvation ; (2)
advice given to an outlaw with intent
to save his life.
bjarg-rifa, f. rift in a rock,
bergrifa.
bjarg-runar, f. pi. runes for helping
women in labour; -rygr (rygjar,
-rygir), f. midwife.
bjarg-skora, f. rift in a rocky hill,
= bergskor.
bjargs-maftr, m. a self-supporting
person.
bjarg-snos, f. = bergsnos; -steinn,
m. boulder, crag.
bjarg-vel, adv. well enough.
bjarg- vasttr, f. helping sprite, good
genius.
bjarkan, n. the runic letter B.
bjarkeyjar-r6ttr, m. town-law.
Bjarmar, m. pi., name of a people
or tribe of the Russian empire, the
Perms of the present day.
bjarnar-bass, m. = bjarnba'ss ;
-hamr, m. the hide, shape of a bear ;
-hi<5, n. a black bear's lair ; -hold, n.
bear's flesh ; -hrammr, m. bear's
paw ; -slatr, n. meat of a slaughtered
bear.
bjarn-bass, m. a pit for catching
bears ; -dyr, -dyri, n. bear ; -eggjan,
f. brutal provocation ; -feldr, m.
bear-skin cloak ; -fell, n. bear's fell,
bear's skin ; -gjold, n. pi. reward for
killing a bear ; -hunn, m. bear's cub ;
-igull, m. a kind of sea-urchin :
-olpa, f. = bJ2rnskinns61pa ; -skinn,
n. bearskin.
bjarnskinns-olpa, f. a bearskin
cloak.
bjarn-staka, f. bearskin ; -svic5a, f.
arge knife for killing bears ; -veiftar,
[. pi. bear-hunting (fara a" -veifiar) ;
-ylr, m. bear's warmth, the vital
warmth of an ice-bear.
bjart-eyg<5r, -eygr, a. bright-eyed;
-haddaSr, a. fair-haired ; -leikr, m.
brightness ; -leitr, a. fair-com-
plexioned ; -liga, adv. clearly, plain-
ly ; -litaftr, a. light-coloured.
bjartr, a. (l) bright, shining (bjart
Ijos, solskin) ; (2) illustrious (me6
bjortum sigri).
bjart-vi(5ri, n. clear weather.
bjalfi (or bjalbi), m. fur, skin, esp.
in compds., hreinbj^lfi, geitbjalfi.
bjalki, m. balk, beam.
bjot$, n. (i) small table; (2) small
bowl.
bj6(5a (by 5 ; bau$, buftum ; bot5-
inn), v. (i) tc offer; {>eir hof6u boQit
honum laun, they had offered him
rewards ; f>. baud at gefa (offered to
give} Gunnlaugi hestinn ; b. grid, to
offer pardon ; b. e-t til lifs se"r, as a
ransom for one's life ; b. e-t fram, to
proffer, produce (b. fram vitni) ; b.
e-t upp, af hendi, to give up, leave
off; >a bySr hann upp hornit, gives
up the horn, will not drink more ; b.
e-t undan e-m, to offer to take a thing
off ones hands (er J>a kostr at b.
undan peim manni varSveizluna
fjarins) ; b. e-t vi6, to make a bid;
b. vi6 tvenn ver8, to bid double ; refl.,
bjoSast, to ojjer oneself, volunteer
one's service ; f>6roddr bauzt (offered
himself} til J>eirrar farar ; (2) to do a
thing to one, in a bad sense ; b. e-m
ofrid, to wage war against one ; b.
e-m 6jofnu6, ofriki, to treat unfairly ',
oppress ; b. e-m ogn, to affright,
terrify ; b. e-m rangt, to treat one
unjustly; (3) to bid, invite (b. e-m
til sin or heim) ; b. monnum til boQs,
to bid guests to a banquet, wedding;
(4) to bid, order; sem log buSu, as
the law prescribed; b. e-m erendi, to
commit a thing to one's charge ; b.
BJ6DA
[56]
BLAKKR
e-m varnad a e-u, to forbid ; b. e-m
af landi, to order one out of the land ;
b. e-m af embaetti, to depose one ; b.
ut Ii3i, skipum, to levy troops, ships; b.
e-m urn, to delegate to one, to commit
to one's charge (peim manni er biskup
hefir um booit at nefna vatta) ; (5) to
proclaim, announce ; b. tru (kristni),
to proclaim, preach a religion (the
Christian faith] ; b. messudag, to
proclaim a holy day ; (6) of a mental
state, to have presentiment of '; e-m
by5r e-t f hug (skap), one has a fore-
boding, presentiment of; mer by5r
e-t fyrir, I forebode ; mer by5r hugr
vid e-u, / abhor, dislike ; impers.,
mer bySr a"vallt hita (ace.), er ek kem
i peirra flokk, / feel uneasy when-
ever . . . ; mer baud otta, / felt a
fear; baud peim mikla pekt (they felt
much pleasure], er peir sa likit ; ef
y5r by6r sva" vi6 at horfa, when you
are in such a frame of mind', (7)
bySr e-m, it beseems, becomes one ;
sem konungsbarni bySr, as befits a
princess ; eptir pat for vigsla fram
eptir pvi sem by5r, as it is due,
or proper.
bjor-blandaSr, pp. mixed with beer.
bjorr, m. beer (61 heitir me6 monn-
um, en meS Asum b.).
bjorr (-3, -ar), m. (i) triangular
cut off piece of skin (bjorar peir, er
menn snifla or skom sinum fyrir tarn
e6a heel) ; (2) triangular strip of
land, = geiri (b. Id. onuminn fyrir
austan Fijot) ; (3) front wall, party
wall ; engi var bjornnn milli husanna,
there was no partition between the
houses ; (4) a sort of tapestry of tri-
angular shape (var stofan vel tjbldud
ok settir upp bjorar).
bjorr (-s, -ar), m. beaver, esp. the
beaver's skin (b. ok safali).
bjor-reifr, a. cheerful from beer-
drinking ; -sala, f . vending of beer ;
-salr, m. beer-hall.
bjor-skinn, n. beaver skin ; -skinn-
feldr, m. cloak made of beaver skin.
bjor-tunna, f. barrel of beer ; -veig,
f. beer ; -verpill, m. beer-cask.
bjuga (pi. bjiigu), n. sausage (cf.
*morbjuga').
bjug-leikr, m. crookedness ; -leitr,
a. of crooked coitntenance ; -nefjacSr,
a. hook-nosed,-=rv^Q}\\'gr.
bjugr, a. bowed, hooked, crooked,
bent ; hann var b. baki, he sat bent
or bowed (from age] on horseback ;
hvdrt er y6r pykkir bjugt e8a beint,
whether it seems to you crooked or
straight, whether you like it or not.
bjorg (gen. bjargar, pi. bjargir),
f. (i) help, deliverance, out of need or
danger, esp. help (food, shelter,
transport) given to an outlaw (veita
e-m b., einnar naetr b.) ; logmaet b.,
lawful point of defence (in pleading
in the Court) ; (2) means of subsis-
tence, stores, provisions (fjb'gurra
missera b.).
bjork (gen. bjarkar), f. birch, birch-
tree.
bjorn (gen. bjarnar, pi. birnir, ace.
bjornu), m. bear (hvitabjorn, the
white bear ; hiSbjorn, skogbjorn,
ur6bjorn, viSbjorn, the black bear}.
bla5, n. (i) leaf of a plant \ (2) leaf
in a book ; (3) blade of a knife (km'fs-
bla6), of an oar (ararblaS) ; (4) skirt
of a kirtle, shirt, cloak (kyrtilblaS,
skyrtublaft, feldarblad).
blacSra (atS), v. (i) to flutter to and
fro, as a leaf in the wind (sa peir, at
tungan bla5ra6i) ; (2) with dat., to
move (the tongue) to and fro (hann
blaSraSi tungunni ok Ieita5i vi6 at
masla) ; to wag the tail (b. halanum) ;
(3) absol., to utter inarticulately
(blaSrar ok bendir hann) ; with ace.
(blaSrandi pessi or8).
blacSra, f. bladder ; blain.
blak, n. slap (with the open hand).
blaka (aft and -ta), v. (i) to flutter,
wave (of the leaves of a tree) ; (2)
with dat., b. vasngjunum, to flap the
wings ; (3) with ace., b. e-n, to give
one a slap.
blaka, f. (i) veil (cf. ' silkiblaka ') ;
(2) fan.
blakk-fjallr, a. with black hide
(birnir blakkfjallir).
blakkr, a. black, dun-coloured
(beittu, SigurSr, enn blakka mar).
blakkr, m. poet, a dim-coloured
horse.
BLAKRA
[57]
BLASA
blakra (aft), v. to flutter with the
wings.
bland, n. (i) mixture ; i b. vi3 e-n,
in company ivith ; i b. me6 e-m,
among', (2) sexual intercourse (hafa
konu i b. = til la<*s vid sik).
blanda (blend ; bl6tt, b!6ndum ;
blandinn), v. to blend, mix, e-t e-u,
with a thing (b. mjo6, drykk, eitri) ;
b. e-t saman, to mix togetlier (b.
saman hvitt ok rautt) ; more common,
b. e-u vid e-t ; b. vatni vid vin, to
mix wine with water ; b. mb'tuneyti
(dat.) vi6 e-n, to eat together with
one ; refl., bland ast vi6 e-n, to have
intercourse with one, esp. of sexual
intercourse (blandast vi3 konur af
heiSnum pjoSum).
blanda (aft), v. = prec.
blanda, f. mixture of two fluids (for
fyrst or blo<3, sidan blanda), esp. sour
whey mixed with water.
blandan, f. mixing, blending.
blandinn, pp. (cf. ' blanda ', v.)
mixed', Helgi var b. mjok, had a
mixed creed', hon er blandin mjok,
she is a woman of mixed report,
blauftast (aft), v. refl.,=bley6ast.
blauft-hugaftr, a. = blauthugaSr ;
-liga, adv. cowardly.
blauftr , a. ( i ) weak, cowardly ; bid
nu, ef pu ert eigi b., if ' thou art not a
coward', (2) feminine, opp. to ' hvatr',
but only used of animals, dogs, cats,
fishes ; hafit nu hendr hundinum,
pott b. se, take the dog, though it be
a bitch.
blaut-barn, n., in the phrase, fra"
-barns beini = fra blautu barns beini,
see ' blauti ' ; -fiskr, m. fresh fish ;
-holdr, a. having soft, smooth flesh
(masrin var vaen ok -hold) ; -hugaftr,
a. faint '- hearted (opposed to ' harS-
hugaSr ') ; -klseddr, pp. clothedin soft
raiment Ie6a vildut per sja -klaeddan
mann ?) ; -leikr, m. softness ; -lendr,
a. soft, moist-soiled', -liga, adv.
effeminately (klaeddr -liga) ; -ligr, a.
soft, voluptuous (blautligir kossar) ;
blautlig kvseSi, amorous ditties.
blau.tr, a. (i) soft (b. sem silki-
raema) ; b. fiskr, fresh fish, opp. to
*har6r fiskr' ; frd" blautu barns beini,
from very babyhood', (2) effeminate,
timorous, weak (fa"r er gamall har5r,
ef hann er i bernsku b.) ; (3) wet,
soaked (par voru vellir blautir, pvi at
regn hotdu verit).
bla-ber, n. blaeberry, bilberry ;
-brunaftr, a. bluish brown ; -djup,
n. the blue deep sea ; -eygftr. -eygr,
a. blue-eyed; -fastr, a. quite im-
movable ; -fainn, -far, a. with a
bluish polish ; -feldr, m. cloak of blue
fur ; -flekkottr, a. speckled with
blue ; -hvitr, a. bhdsh white ; -kapa,
f. blue cloak ; -kinn, f. blue cheek ;
-kleeddr, pp. dressed in blue ; -leitr,
a. blue-faced, black-faced ; -lendingr,
m. Ethiopian ; -lenzkr, a. Ethiopian,
from BMland, Ethiopia ; -maftr, m.
a black man, negro.
blaman, f. the livid colour of bruise.
bla-mengdr, -mengjaftr, a. blue-
mingled; -merktr, pp. marked with
blue.
blami, m. lividness, = blaman.
blana (aft), v. to becotne blue or livid
(prutna ok b. i andliti).
blar, a. (i) blue, livid (b. ok b!66-
ugr) ; (2) black (b. sem kol) ; falda
bid, to wrap the head in black.
bla-rendr, a. blue-striped (-rendar
brcekr).
blasa (blees ; b!6s, blsum ; bids-
inn), v. ( i) to blow, of the wind ; blas-
andi byrr, a spanking breeze; (2) to
blow with the mouth (hann bles i
kross yfir drykk sinum) ; to pant
(hestrinn tok at frysa ok b.) ; b. vi5,
to draw a deep breath^ to sigh (jarl
bles pa vi5 mcefiiliga) ; fig., b. moti
e-m, to be unfavourably disposed
towards one; (3) with dat., to set in
motion by blowing or breathing ; bles
mcediliga ondinni, breathed hard;
b. e-m e-u i brjost, to inspire, suggest
a thing to one (gud bles henni pvi i
brjost) ; b. eldi, eitri, of serpents ;
(4) to blow with a musical instru-
ment ; b. ludri, horni, to blow the
trumpet, horn ; b. Ii6i (troops} til
landgongu ; b. til stefnu, to a meet-
ing ; b. herbla'str, to sound an alarm ;
(5) to melt, cast (b. gullmalm, raufia) ;
yxn tveir or eiri blasnir (cast) ; (6) to
BLASABI
[58]
BLIKNAW
blow up, inflate (sem belgr bla'sinn) ;
(7) impers., bles upp fotinn, kviQinn,
the leg y belly, swelled up ; of land, to
be laid bare, stripped of the turf (hafdi
bMsit hauginn ok la" silfrit bert).
blasari, m. blower of a trumpet or
horn,
bla-silfr, n. bad silver, opp. to
'skirt silfr'.
blasinn, pp. (i) inflated (belgr b.) ;
(2) swollen (syndist iotrinn b.) ; (3)
stripped oj turf, bare, barren (mel-
torfa blasin mjok).
bla-stafaftr, a. blue-striped (segl
blastafat).
blastr (gen. blaatrar and blastar,
dat. blaeatri and blcesti), m. (i)
blast, blowing of the wind', (2) blow-
ing of an animal, hissing of a serpent
(heyrfii blast drekanna) ; (3) breath-
ing, breath (malit g0rist af blsestri-
num) ; (4) blast of a trumpet', (5)
blowing of a bellows ; (6) swelling of
the body or a limb, mortification.
blastr-belgr, m. bellows ; -horn, n.
trumpet, horn ; -jam, n. blast iron
(cast, not wrought) ; -pipa, f. flute ;
-samr, a. windy ; -svalr, a. cold-
blowing.
bla-svartr, a. raven-black ; -tonn,
f. blue-black tooth, a nickname.
bleftgi or blegfti, m. wedge, plug.
bleftja (bleft, bladda, bladdr), v.
(i) to pick off (leaves or fruit) ; fig.,
to kill off one by one (b. hirSina or b.
hir5ina af) ; (2) to tear asunder (b.
klaeSi sin) ; (3) to cover, as with a
leaf (b. a"sjonuna).
bleik-alottr, a. fawn-coloured with
a dark stripe down the back (-alottr
hestr) ; -karr, %.. fair-haired \ -hvitr,
a. yellowish white.
bleikja (-ta, -tr), v. to bleach (b.
lerept) ; b. hadda sina, to wash the
hair (said of women).
bleikja, f. chalk or white clay.
bleikr, a. pale, whitish ; bleikt ha"r,
fair hair ; b. a hdr, fair-haired ;
b. (wan, pallid] ok blodlauss ; b. sem
na"r, deadly pale ; b. sem basr, pale
as bast.
blek, n. ink ; -horn, n. inkstand.
blekkl-liga, adv. delusively ; -ligr,
a. delusive (blekkilig er pessa heims
hamingja).
blekking, f. delusion, fraud.
blekkinga-rnac5r, m. deceiver.
blekkingar-andi, m. lying spirit.
blekkja (-ta -<T), v. to impose upon,
deceive-, refl., blekkjast, to be dis-
appointed.
blek-akortr, m. lack of ink.
blendingr, m. ( i) blending, mixture',
(2) a being half man and half giant
(b. en ekki fullkomit troll).
blesottr, a. having a blaze or white
mark on the forehead (b. hestr).
blest-masltr, blestr, a. lisping.
bletsa (aft), v. = bleza.
bleySa, f. craven, = \>\Q.y$\m2i$r.
bley(5a (-dda, -ddr), v. to dishearten,
humble (ef pii bleySir hjarta pitt) ;
refl., bleydast, to lose heart or courage
( = ver5a blaudr).
bleyfti, f. cowardice", -maftr, m.
coward', -mannligr, a. cowardly,
craven ; -mark, n. mark of cowardice',
-orc5, n. charge of cowardice ; leggja
-or3 at baki e-m, to charge one with
being a coward (blauSr) ; bera bleydi-
ord fyrir e-m, to be called a coward
by one.
bleyta, f. mud, mire.
bleyta (-tta, -ttr), v. to make soft,
moisten (b. hii5) ; b. hjarta, skaphofn
e-s, to soften one's heart, temper.
bleza (aft), v. to bless (blezaSi gu5
pa hinn sjaunda daginn) ; also with
dat. (gu5 blezaSi basdi fuglum ok
fiskum).
blezaftar-fullr, a. rich in blessing.
blezan, f. blessing, benediction.
blezanar-andi, m. spirit of blessing ;
-orft, n. pi. words of blessing.
bliat or bliaz, n. a kind of costly
stuff (for. word).
blik, n. (\] gleam, sheen ; (2) bleach-
ing (liggja a bliki) ; (3) visor of a
helmet.
blika (aft), v. to gleam, twinkle (of
shields).
blik-hvitr, a. white-gleaming (of a
shield).
blikna (aft), v. to grow (turn] pale
or pallid (b. af hraezlu, hugleysi).
bliknan, f. growing pale.
BLIKRA
[59]
blikra (aft), v. impers., e-m blikrar,
one feels uneasy or anxious.
blinda (a(5), v. to blind, deprive of
sight (drottinn blind a3i augu J>eirra) ;
hann blindar sjalfan sik allra sann-
inda, he blinds himself to all truth.
blindl, f. blindness.
blindingr, m. hidden peg, dowel.
blind-leiki. -leikr, m. blindness.
blindr, a. blind; b. baflum augum,
blind of both eyes ; hann haf<3i verit
b. borinn, born blind; with gen., b.
ens sanna um e-t, blind as to the
truth or reality about a thing ; e-m
er e-t blint, it is obscure, hidden to
one ; Einarr let ser fiat blint vera, E.
professed ignorance about it.
blit5a, f. friendliness, gentleness ;
hofst f>a enn at nyju b. {friendly
relations] meS beim magum.
bli(5a (-dda, -ddr), v. = bliflka.
bli'Sast (at5), v. refl., = blidkast.
bli(5indi, n. pi. comforts, delights.
billing, f. enticement, allurement.
blioka (aft), v. to soften, mitigate
(b. e-n me6 gjofum) ; refl., bli6kast,
to grow mild ; b. e-m, to insinuate
oneself into one's favour.
bliftkan, f. caressing, caresses.
blift-latr, a. displaying friendliness
or kindness; -leikr, m. \\] friendli-
ness, gentleness; (2) mildness, balmi-
ness (-leikr loptsins) ; -leitr, a. of
mild countenance ; -liga, adv. kindly,
with kindness (taka, fagna e-m -liga) ;
-ligr, a. (i) gentle, friendly (-ligr i
yfirbragSi) ; (2) delightful ; -lund-
aftr, a. 01 gentle disposition ; -Iseti,
n. caressing; -meeli, n. pi. fair
words, blandishments ; -maeltr, a.
affable, bland.
bliftr, a. (i) gentle, friendly (vera b.
ok J)ekkr viS mennj ; (2) pleasant,
agreeable ; bat er f>er bliSara, that
pleases you better ; (3) mild, balmy
(blitt ve6r).
blitSskapar-orS, n. friendly word.
bliS-skapr (-ar), m. friendliness,
kindness ; caresses (eiga -skap meS
konu),
blit5u-brag(5. n. friendly mien ( =
blitt yfirbragS) ; caressing; -fullr,
a. friendly.
iSri, n. mild weather; -yrfti,
n. pl.,=blf6maeli.
bligja (-(Sa, -t), v. to gaze (bligja
augum).
blikja (blik ; bleik, bliku ; ), v.
an obsolete verb, = blika.
blistra, f. the mouthpiece of bellows.
blistra (ac5), v. to whistle ; b. i spor
e-m or e-s, to whistle after one who
has run away.
blistran, f. whistling (with the
mouth).
blota-matSr, m. effeminate person.
blotna (at$), v. to become soft or
moist ; fig., to give way, yield (b. vid
e-t, fyrir e-m).
blocS, n. (i) blood; rann honum
mjok b., he lost much blood; nema
(taka) e-m b., to bleed one ; vekja
e-m b., to draw blood of one ; ganga
bloSi, to have a hemorrhage or
dysentery ; blanda bl65i saman, to
enter into foster-brothership by mix-
ing blood together ; (2) offspring,
blood-relations.
bloS-band, n. bandage to stop bleed-
ing, esp. pi. (-bond) ; -bogi, m. gush
or jet of blood ; -bolli, m. = blotbolli ;
-drefjar, f. pi. spattering of blood;
-dreif, f. sprinkling (streak] of blood ;
-drekkr, m. one who drinks blood;
-drif, n. flowing of blood ; -dropi, m.
drop of blood; -drykkja, f. drink of
blood ; -drog, n. pi., = -dreif ; -fall,
n. hemorrhage.
bl6<5falls-sott, f. the bloody flux,
dysentery.
blotS-flekkr, m. fleck or stain of
blood; -fora, m.gush of blood; -fullr,
a./#// of blood.
b!6(5ga (a (5), v. to make bloody,
to smear with blood; refl., bloSgast,
to become bloody.
b!6(5-kyll, m. blood-bag; fig., blood-
sucker ; -lauss, a. bloodless ; -lat, n.
(i) loss of blood; (2) blood-letting,
bleeding ; -latinn, pp. (that has been]
bled ; -lifr, f. clotted blood ; -ligr, a.
bloody; -loekr, m. stream of blood;
-maokr, m. maggot bred in putrefy-
ing blood ; -naetr, f. pi. ' blood-nights ',
in the prov., ' blod-nastr eru hverjum
braSastar,' referring to the fierce
BLdD-ORMR
[60]
BLOT-LUNDR
desire to revenge a homicide newly
committed ; -ormr, m. poet. ' blood-
serpent', sword; -raur, a. blood-
red', -ras, f. hemorrhage ; -refill, m.
point of a sword; -reiftr, a. very
wrathful ( = dreyrrau6r af reiSi) ;
-reitr, m. field of blood ; -rekinn,
pp. stained with blood', -risa, a.
indecl. bruised and bloody (blar ok
blodrisa) ; -segi or -sigi, m. clot of
blood ; -sjukr, a. dysenteric.
bloc5s-litr, m. colour of blood.
bl6'5-s6tt, f. dysentery ; -spyja, f.
spitting of blood.
blocSs-teigr, m. = bl63reitr.
bloft-stjarna, f. the bloody star,
Venus ; -stokkinn, pp. bespattered
with blood', -storkinn, a. stiff with
gore, gory ; -straumr, m. stream of
blood.
blotSs-uthelling, f. shedding of
blood.
bloft-rjcrn, f. pool of blood.
bloftugr (ace. bl6(5gan), a. bloody.
b!6(5-vaka, f. drawing of blood (sva"
hart, at -vaka yrSi) ; cf. ' vekja e-m
bloQ'; -varmr, a. warm-blooded',
-ser, f. a ewe fit for slaughter ; -orn,
m. ' blood eagle ', in the phrase, rista
-orn a baki e-m, a cruel method of
putting captured enemies to death in
the heathen times ; -px, f. ' bloody
axe\ a nickname.
biom, n. bloom, blossom, flower',
fig., i cesku blomi, in the flower of
youth.
bloma-kinn, f. ' red cheek ', a nick-
name ; -ligr, a. blooming, shining;
-mikill, a. rick-blossoming.
blomandi, pr. p. b looming, flour ish-
ing(b. gros).
bloma-samligr, a. = blomaligr.
blom-berandi, pr. p., -beranligr, a.
bloom-bearing, flourishing.
blomga (aft), v. to fertilize ; refl.,
blomgast, to blossom, bloom ; fig., to
thrive, flourish, prosper (re"ttir sidir
skyldu b. fagrliga um nordrlond) ;
blomgacr, pp. which has blossoms
upon it ; blomgan, f. the fact of
blooming we flourishing ; blomgandi,
pr. p., blomganligr, a. blooming,
flourishing.
blomi, m. = bl6m ; fig., standa fvera)
me 6 bloma, miklum bloma, to thrive,
prosper, flourish ; i bloma aldrs sins,
in the flower of his age.
blomstr (-ra), m'. = blom (allan
akrsins b.).
blora-ma$r, m. a person to put the
blame upon.
blot, n. (i) sacrifice, sacrificial feast
or banquet (efna, efla b.) ; (2) idol-
worship in general; (3) idol, bleed
(611 b. braut hann ni6r) ; (4) swearing,
cursing.
biota (bloat ; blet, bletum ; blo-
tinn), v. (i) to worship, to worship
with sacrifice, with ace. of that which
is worshipped ; b. hof, lund, fors, heiSit
go5, alfa, heiSnar vaettir, lifandi
menn, to worship temple, grove,
waterfall, &*c. ; very rare with dat.
(b. goflum) ; (2) to sacrifice, with dat.
of the object sacrificed (b. monnum
ok fe) ; absol., b. til friSar, sigrs,
langlifis, ars, byrjar, to make a sacri-
fice for peace, victory, long life, good
season, fair wind.
biota (aft), v. (i ) = biota (blcet, c.) ;
(2) to curse, with dat. = < banna'(bi8
pii fyr peim, er per biota) ; absol.,
to swear ; refl., blotast, to go about
swearing.
blotan, f. (i) sacrificing-, (2) curs-
ing, swearing.
blot-au(5igr, a. rich in sacrifices
(-aufiigt hof) ; -biskup, m. heathen
Priest; -bolli, m. sacrificial bowl \
-domr, m. idolatry ; -drykkja, f.
sacrificial feast ; -fe, n. sacred or
accursed goods ; -girni, f. inclination
for idolatry ; -gofti, m. heathen sacri-
ficing priest; -grof, f. sacrificial pit ;
-gu<5, n. heathen god; -gytSja, f.
heathen priestess ; -haugr, m. sacri-
ficial mound or cairn ; -hof, n.
heathen temple ; -hus, n. heathen
house of worship ; -hof&ingi, m.
heathen chief; -horgr, m. stone altar
for sacrifice ; -kalfr, m. a calf wor-
shipped with sacrifices; -kennimaftr,
m. heathen priest ; -klasSi, n. pi. gar-
ments worn at sacrifices ; -kona, f.
idolatress ; -koppr, m. = -bolli ;
-lundr, m. sacred grove, heathen
BLOT-MABR
[61J
BOBANAR-TIB
place of sacrifice ; -maftr, m. heathen
worshipper, idolater ; -matr, m.food
eaten at tJie sacrificial feasts.
blotnaftr, m. sacrificing to heathen
gods, idolatry.
blot-naut, n. (l) an ox worshipped
as an idol ; (2) a bull to be sacrificed ;
-neyti, n. (rare) = -naut ; -risi, m. a
giant worshipped as an idol.
blotskapar-timi, m. the time of
heathenism.
blot-ska pr (-ar), m. (l) heathen
worship, idolatry ; (2) things belong-
ing to worship ; (3) sacrifice ; -skogr,
m. sacred or sacrificial forest ;
-spann, m. chip used in divination ;
fella -span, to consult the gods',
-staftr, m. a place of heathen sacri-
fice ; -stallr, m. heathen or sacrificial
altar ; -tre, n. sacred tree ; -stopull,
m. a pillar on which an idol stands ;
-trygill, m. small sacrificial trough
(trog) ; -veizla, f. sacrificial banquet;
-viftr, m. = -lundr; -villa, f. heathen-
ish or idolatrous heresy ; -vcllr, m.
heathen sacrificial field.
blunda (ao), v. to stnit the eyes (b.
ba'Sum augum).
blundr, m. dozing, slumber (occurs
as a nickname).
blund-skaka (aft), v. to blink with
the eyes ; -stafir, m. pi. soporiferous
runes ; bregSa -stofum, to break the
slumber-spells.
blygft, f. shame ; blygfta (aft), v. to
put to shame, seduce.
blygftar-lauss, a. blameless.
blys, n. torch.
bly, n. /*<z</(s0kkva sem b.) ; -band,
n. leaden band; -kleppr, m. plum-
met ; -ligr, a. leaden ; -skeyti, n.
leaden missile ; -ateyptr, pp. cast in
lead ; -stika, f. leaden candlestick ;
-stokkr, m. leaden box; -pekja (see
pekja), v. to roof with lead; -pungi,
m. leaden weight.
bleeja, f. \\) fine coloured cloth (hon
haf6i knytt um sik blaeju ok voru \
mork bla) ; (2) cover of a bed; koma
tmdir eina blaeju, to be married; (3)
burial sheet (svipti hon blseju af
SigurSi) : (4) cover of an altar table.
blseju-endi, m. the end of a 'blaeja';
-horn, n. corner of a b. ; -hvalr, m.
a kind of whale.
blaBr, m. gentle breeze, puff of air ;
kenna blae (to feel a draught) a and-
liti ser.
bloecSa (-dda, -tt), v. to bleed; blced-
du nasar hans, he was bleeding at
the ?iose ; impers., e-m bloedir, one
bleeds or loses blood (engum blceddi
hans manna).
blcesma, a. indecl. at heat (of ewes
and goats).
bloeti, n. a thing worshipped, idol.
bloc5ru-s6tt, f. stone in the bladder.
bloskra (aft), v. to blink with the
eyes, to fiinch (hann bloskradi ekki) ;
also impers., e-m bloskrar.
boft, n. (l) bid, offer; bj65a b. fyrir
e-n, to make bids or offers for one ;
hvat er \ bo3i, what is the offer ; eiga
b. a J6r5, to have the right of being
offered an estate, before it is sold to
another; (2) banquet, wedding feast;
hafa e-n \ boSi sinu, to entertain one
at one's feast ; foru peir allir til bo6s-
ins, to the wedding feast; (3) bidding,
order, commandment ; ganga undir
b. e-s, to submit to one's bidding ;
eptir bodi e-s, at or by one's order ;
(4) message ; gera e-m b., to send to
one, send one word; a summons, a
sign or token of su?nmons, being an
arrow, axe or the like to call people to
battle or council (hefja bo6).
bocSa (aft), v. (l) to announce, pro-
claim ; b. kristni, to preach Chris-
tianity ; b. helga tru, to pi oclaim the
holy faith ; (2) to bid, order, with
dat., konungr bo5a6i honum a sinn
fund or til sin, the king bade him
come to him ; b. e-m saman, to call
together, to summon ; (3) to bode,
signify I hvat petta mundi b.).
bofta-fall, n. dash of a breaker
(boSi) on a reef or shoal.
bo6an, f. announcement, preaching,
proclaiming (boSan nafns hans) ;
hatiS drottinligrar bodanar, the feast
of the Annunciation.
boftanar-nott, f., -nott ssellar gu5s
m63ur Marie, the night before the
Annunciation of the Virgin Mary;
-tift, f. time of announcement.
BODABI
[62]
BORD
boftarl, m. proclaimer, announcer.
bofta-sloft, f. the surf of breakers
(cf. ' bo6i ' 2).
boft-burftr, m. carrying of the
message arrow (cf. ' bo6 ' 4) ; -fall, n.
neglect to send on the boQ (4) ; -fasta,
f. a fast ordered by the canonical law ;
-ferft, f. the course of a bo5 (4) ;
-greizla, f. =bo5bur5r.
bofti, m. (i) announcer, messenger
(cf. 'sendiboSi, fyrirbodi ') ; (2) a
breaker (on hidden rocks).
boftinn, pp. (cf. ' bj66V), vera b. ok
buinn til e-s, to be ready and willing
to do a tiling.
boft-leggja (see lep:gja), v. = log-
bjo&i; -leift, f. = -ferd; -ligr, a. fit
to be offered ; -orft, n. order, bidding,
commandment (gu5s -orfi).
boftorfta-breytni, f. alteration of
an ordinance; -brot, n. breach
(neglect] of an order; -maftr, m.
public officer.
boft-reizla, f. = bo6greizla ; -rifr, a.
ready to make an offer.
bofts-folk, n. guests, =bo3smenn.
boft-skapr (-ar), m. bidding, order ;
-skopti, m. = -slotti; -skurftr, m.
message, summons to a meeting;
-sletta, f., -slotti, m. intruder at a
feast, uninvited guest; -sloft, f.=
bofts-niaftr, n\ m guest at a feast.
boft-sosmiligr, a., fit for wearing at
a feast (-scemilig klaeSi).
boga-hals, m. the tip of a bow
(bogi), where the string is fastened;
-mynd, f. form of a bow ; -skot, n.
bow-shot, shooting witli a bow ;
-strengr, m. bow-string; -vapn, n.
bow (used as a weapon).
bogi, m. (l) bow; skjota af boga, to
shoot with a bow (cf. almbogi, hand-
bogi, hornbogi, lasbogi, ybogi) ; (2)
arch (of a bridge), vault ; fig., bera
mal or boga, to disentangle a case ;
($) gush, jet (cf. 'bl63bogi').
boginn, pp. (from a lost strong
verb, bjuga), bowed, bent, curved;
b. af elli, bent with age.
bog-limir, m. pi. 'curved limbs ',
arms and legs ; -macSr, m. bowman,
archer ; -mannliga, adv. bowmanlike.
bogmanns-merki, n. the zodiacal
sign Sagittarius.
bogna (aft), v. (i) to become curved,
to bend ; (2) to give way, yield (b. vi5,
b. fyrir e-u).
bogra (aO)* v. to creep along bowed
or stooping', pa boru bograr hann
inn, he creeps in through that hole\
b. fyrir e-m, to bow before one.
bog-sty rkr, a. strong at the bow ;
-sveigir, m. bow-swayer, archer (cf.
' sveigja boga').
bokki, m. ' buck ', fellow ; Hottr
heiti ek, b. sasll, my dear fellow !
stcerri bokkar, bigger men.
bokkr, m.=bukkr.
bola (acS), v. to cut to pieces (b. i
sundr, brytja ok bola).
bol-fimligr, a. agile of body.
Bolgara-land, n. Bulgaria.
Bolgarar, m. pi. the Bulgarians.
bol-hlif, f. covering for the body.
boli, m. //,= gra&ungr.
bol-jarn, n. = bo!0x.
bol-klsefti, n. pi. body-garments.
bolli, m. (i) small vessel, bowl; (2)
a measure =\ askr.
bolr, m. = bulr; (i) the bole or
trunk of a tree ; (2) the trunk of the
body ; ganga milli bols ok hofuSs a
e-m, to pass between one's trunk and
head, to slay one.
bols-voxtr, m. = bolvb'xtr.
bolungr, m. = bulungr.
bol-v^xtr, m. the growth, form of
the body (far pu af klasdum ok vil ek
sja -voxt pinn).
bol-0x, f. wood-axe.
bops, n. bump, thump (mikit fall,
svi at b. kvad i skrokkinum).
bora, f. bore, hole ; bora (aft), v. to
bore, to bore holes in ; b. rauf, to bore
a hole ; refl., borast fram, to push
one's ivay through a crowd.
borft, n. (i) board, plank; (2) the
side of a ship (h!65u skipin sem b.
baru) ; bor6 a stjorn = stjornbor&M ;
hlaupa (steypast, detta) fyrir b., over-
board; mikill borfli, prop. = bor5har,
bordmikill, of a ship floating high
out of the sea, fig., proud of mind
( = skapstorr) ; bera e-n (hlut e-s,
mal e-s) fyrir bor5, to neglect, slight
BORBA
[63]
BORGAR-I/BR
me; verSa (allr) fyrir borfl borinn,
^er5a allr fyrir borSi, to be (quite}
thrown overboard, i. e. slighted ;
ranga at bor6i vi6 e-n, to submit,
yield to, to come to terms with one ;
i-n brestr d bor5i, one fails, is
beaten ; d. annat bord, on the other
hand; otherwise, else ; pykkir vera
iai5r a annat b., a hard one to pull
igainst; (3) the inner margin of a
vessel between the rim and the liquid
'er nu gott berandi b. a horninu) ; (4)
*)oard, table (used for meals) ; fara,
*anga, koma til bor5s or undir b., to
ro, come to table ; setjast yfir b.,
indir b., to sit down at table ; sitja
yfir b. or bor5um, to sit at table ;
risa (standa upp) frd bor6i, to rise
f rom table', ryoj'a b., to clear the
table ; fvjona fyrir bordum, to wait at
f able ; setja e-m b., to set a table
before one ; bor5 eru uppi or upp
tekin, the tables are set tip ; but * bor5
2ru upp tekin' may also mean the
tables are removed, = \*v\ eru ofan ;
(4) board, food, maintenance at table
(veita, halda e-m b.) ; (5) chess-
board; bj65a e-m undir b., to invite
one to play at chess.
borfta (atS), v. (i) to sit down at
table ; (2) to set a table, serve up (b.
fyrir Jnu-ftugum).
borSa-hri(5, f. the time that a
meal lasts ; -munr, m. difference in
the height of ships ; -stund, f. =
hri5 ; -viti, n. table-sconce.
boro-bunacSr, m. table-service
(cloth, dishes, &c.) ; -diskr, m. dish,
plate ; -dukr, m. table-cloth ; -fastr,
a. maintained at one's table ; -fjol,
f. thin board; -foeri, n. in the phrase,
taka ser -fceri = ganga 0rna sinna (?) ;
hald, n. taking food, maintenance
at table ; -bar, a. rising high out of
the sea (of a ship) ; -hus, n. a room
where the plate is kept ; -haft, f.
the height oj a ship out of the water.
bortSi, m. textile fabric, tapestry
'tjalda holl, kirkju, borc5a) ; sla
DorSa, rekja borda, to weave ; sitja
/i5 borfia, to sit weaving ; byrda e-t
i borda, to ornament tapestry with
Igures woven in it.
borft-ker, n. a cup used at table ;
kista, f. a box for keeping the table-
service ; -klerkr, m. clerical atten-
dant at table ; -knifr, m. table-knife ;
-Icegr, a., (vi6r, timber) fit for cutting
into planks ; -maftr, m. table-com-
panion ; -mikill, a. = -har ; -munr,
m. = borSamunr ; -prestr, m. a priest
who says grace at a bishops table ;
-prySi, f. ornaments of a table ;
-salmr, m. * board-psalm ', grace ;
-skutill, m. a small movable table,
esp. for a single person.
bor^s-tilganga, f. going to table (at
mealtimes).
borcS-stokkr, m. gunwale.
bortS-sveinn, m. attendant at
table, waiter; -tafl, n. chess-board;
-veggr, m. a plank wall ; -vegr, m.
= -stokkr; -vers, n. verse of grace
(cf. borfl-salmr) ; -vi(5r, m. boards,
planks ; -J>ak, n. covering of planks ;
-J>aki5r, pp. covered, lined with
planks ; -^ili, n. the bulwarks of a
ship.
borg (-ar, -ir), f. (i) a small dome-
shaped hill; (2) stronghold, fortifica-
tion, castle ; (3) fortified town, city.
borga (a(5), v. to be a surety,
guarantee, for; b. e-m e-t, to
guarantee something to one ; b. fyrir
e-n, to become bound for, to be security
for (anza ek litt, J>6tt u jdtir at luka,
ef engi borgar fyrir J)ik).
borgan, f. guarantee, surety,
security ; ganga i b. fyrir e-n = borga
fyrir e-n.
borganar-maftr, m. a guarantee,
a surety.
borgar-armr, m. arm, wing of a
fort ; -auc5n, f. destruction of a castle
or fortified town ; -gata, f. a road
leading to a borg ; -greifi, m. burg-
grave, governor of a town ; -g0rft,
f. building of a fort; -hli(5, n. gate
of a fort ; -hreysi, n. rums of a fort ;
-hof Singi, m. leading citizen.
borgari, m. inhabitant of a borg,
burgher.
borgar-klettr, m. a rock on which a
fort is built ; -kona, f . townswoman ;
-lift, n. garrison ; -lim, n. lime for
building a fort ; -lytSr, m. townsfolk ;
BORGAR-MABR
[64]
B6K-STAFR
-ma&r, m. (\) garrisoner ; (2) towns-
man, citizen ; (3) fellow- citizen
(-maSr engla) ; -mugr, m. the mob of
a city ; -murr, m. city-wall ; -port,
n.=-hli6; -sitSr, m. city-manners,
urbanity; -smi6, f. building of a
fort or town ; -statSr, m. site of a
town ; -veggr, m. wall of a fort or
town,
borga-skipan, f. a list of cities.
borg-firzkr, a. belonging to the
district Borgar-fjordr, in the west of
Iceland.
borg-hlift, f. = borgarhliS.
borgin-or5r, a. cautious in words,
reserved.
borgit, pp. n., from bjarga ; e-m er
b., one is safe ; era hera at borgnara
bott hoena ben skjold, a hare is none
the better off though a hen shield
him.
borg-stat$r, m. = borgarsta6r.
borg- veggr, m. = borgarveggr.
botn (gen. botns or botz, pi. bot-
nar), m. bottom (of a vessel, of a
haycock, of the sea) ; (2) the head of
a bay, firth, lake, valley (fjardar-,
vatns-, dals-botn).
botn-hola, f. pit, in the phrase,
vera kominn i -holu, to have got into
a scrape.
boandi, m., see ' buandi '.
bofi, m. knave, rogue, used as a
nickname.
bogr (gen. bogar, dat. bcegi ; pi.
bcegir, ace. bogu), m. shoulder (of
an animal).
bok (gen. bokar and bcekr ; pi.
bcekr), f. (i) beech, beech-tree ; (2)
poet, textile fabric with figures woven
in it (bcekr pinar enar blahvitu) ; (3)
book ; lesa d. b., to read a book ; rita
a" b., setja a" bcekr, to set down in
writing, to put on record', kunna
(festa) e-t utan bokar, to know (to
get) by heart ; heilog b., the divine
book, the Bible ; (4) the Gospel (vinna
ei6 at bok; cf. ' bokar-eiSr ') ; (5)
Latin ; kenna e-m a bok, to teach
one Latin ; nema a" b., to learn
Latin ; setja e-n til bokar, to put one
to school (in order to make him
priest) ; hann heitir b. (in Latin]
Jaskonius ; svd segir (er sagt)
bokum (in Latin books] ; (6) law-
book, code of law (logbok, Jonsbok).
boka (atSj, v. to affirm by oath on
the book (Gospel] ; bokafir eidr=
bokareiSr.
boka-fullting, n. help derived from
books ; -gprft, writing (transcription)
of books ; -kis a, f. book-box ; -Ian,
n. lending of books ; -leaning, f.,
-lestr, m. reading of (Latin} books ;
-list, f. book-lore.
bokar-blaft, n. leaf of a book;
-eit5r, m. oath upon the Gospel ;
-ei(5stafr, m. wording of a bokareiSr ;
-gpr<5, f. book-writing ; -lag, n.
lawful price fixed in the code ;
-skeyting, f. conveyance of an estate
by help of the law-book ; -tak, n. the
touching the Gospel (in taking an
oath) ; -verS, n. the price of a book ;
-vitni, n. evidence confirmed by a
bokareiSr ( = bokat vitni;.
boka-skilningr, m. book-learning.
boka-stoll, m. a reading desk,
lectern.
bok-fell, n. parchment, vellum ;
-froftr, a. book-learned ; -frcetSi, f.
book-knowledge, book-lore, learning;
-lauss, a. bookless, unscholarly ;
-laust, adv. by heart (allar ritningar
helgar man hann -laust) ; -lestr, m.
= bokalestr; -ligr, a. literary;
-ligar listir, the liberal arts ; -list,
f. bock-lore, learning; -IserSr, pp.
book-learned; -mal, n. (i) book lan-
guage, learned language, Latin (a"
bok nam ek aldri, ok eigi heyrSa ek
fra -mali sagt) ; (2) the canon law ;
blot {)au, sem fyrirboSin eru at -mali,
in the canon of the church ; (3 ) the
Julian Calendar ; at -mali, according
to the calendar ; -manaftr, m.
calendar month, opp. to the I eel.
months ; -nam, n. book-training,
study (vera at -nami, setja e-n til
-nams) ; -nsemi, n. = -nam ; -runar,
f. pi. runes engraved on beech-wood ;
-saga, f. written narrative ; -setja
(see setja), v. to commit to writing ;
-skygn, a. seeing well enough to read
a book ; -speki, f. book-wisdom^ book-
k nowledge ; -stafr, m. character^
B6K-SOGN
[65]
BRAGD
letter ; -s-gn, f. = -saga; -tal, n.=
-ma"! 3 ; -vit, n. learning, erudition ;
visa, a. = -laer5r.
bol, n. (i) lair or /X*Xg" //<2* (of
beasts and cattle) ; (2) couch, bed
(toku sumir heyhjalma nokkura ok
gerdu sr af b.) ; (3) farm, esp. in
Norway, = bolsta5r, beer, jor6.
bola, f. (i ) M<? ^JJ 0/"rf shield '; (2)
blain, botch.
bol-festa, f. ^j/rfte /^/d? j a /^a^,
leasehold.
bolginn, a. swollen ; b. braeSi, b.
af reiSi, swollen with anger.
bolgna (aft), v. /<? swell, become
swollen.
bolna-sott, f. (i) disease of blains
or boils ; (2) smallpox.
bolstaftar-gpr ft, f. ///* building of a
homestead.
bol-staftr, m. (i) abode, homestead
(hon a" bar -staSi mikla) ; (2) farm.
bolstr (gen. bolstrs, pi. bolstrar),
m. bolster, pillow (hniga vi5 bolstri).
bon, f. request, petition, been,
bonar-maftr, m. beggar-man.
bonda-bani, m. slayer of a womarfs
husband', -dottir, f. daughter of a
bondi ; -eitSr, m. a bondi's oath of
allegiance; -far, a bondi's ferry-boat ;
-fe, n. district fund-, -folk, n.
peasantry, farmers ; -fylking, f. host
of peasants ; -herr, m. army of
peasants ; -hlutr, m. one fourth of
the tithe to be distributed among the
peasants ; -kirkja, f. the church
belonging to the bondi in Thing-
valla ; -kirkjugartSr, m. the church"
yard belonging to the -kirkja ; -lauss,
a. husbandless, widowed; -lift, n.=
-herr ; -mugr, m. crowd, host of
Peasants ; -nafn, n. the name, title of
bondi ; -r6ttr, m. the right of a
bondi; -safnaftr, m. = b6nda-mugr ;
-skapr, m. the estate of the boendr,
opp. to the clergy ; -son, m. son of a
bondi ; -tala, f., vera i -tolu, to be
counted among boendr; -ungi, m.
young farmer ; -val, n. the elite of
boendr ; var >a* gott -val, there were
choice boendr to be found ; -sett, f. a
bondi's extraction (hann er -aettar).
bondi (pi. boendr, gen. bonda), m.
(i) husbandman, farmer, peasant
(dottir eins litils bonda) ; a yeoman,
franklin, landowner (hinir stcerri
boendr) ; (2) master, head of a house-
hold ( = husbondi) ; (3) hitsband (nu
er b. daudr, en kona lifir eptir).
bon-hus, n. = bcenhus (rare) ; -leift,
bcgging Path ; fara -Iei6, to go
begging from house to house ; -orft,
n. (I) request, petition; (2) wooing,
courtship ; hefja, vekja -or6, to make
a proposal.
bonorcSs-fertS, -for, f. wooing
journey ; fara -for, to go a-wooing ;
-mal, n. the business of wooing.
bon-riki, n. importunity or per-
sistence in begging.
bot (pi. bcetr, also poet, botir), f.
(i) bettering, cure, remedy; fa b.
sinna meina, to get cure for one's
evils; ra"6a e-u b., rd6a e-s bcetr, to
remedy, retrieve ; vinna e-m b., to
relieve one (in sickness) ; bi3a e-s b.,
to get over, recover (a loss, misfor-
tune) ; bera e-t til bota, to amend;
botti mikilla bota a"vant, at, much
seemed wanting that ; e-t berr til
bota (impers.), it is a comfort, satis-
faction ; (2) atonement, compensation.
esp. pl. = mannboetr, weregeld; soetar
syndir verQa at sarum botum, sweet
sins are turned to sore penance ; (3)
patch (svort bot var a" millum her6a
honum).
bota-lauss, a. without redress or
compensation (hafa sa"r -laust ; vigin
voru -laus) ; -matSr, m. a person who
has to receive l bcetr ' for hurt and
damage suffered (opp. to ubotamaSr) ;
-verSr, a. worth redress.
boti, m. boot (for wearing).
bot-lausliga, adv. irreparably ;
-lauss, a. irreparable ; -sama (aft),
v. to repair (-sama um bu5ir, hus) ;
-barfa, a. indecl. needing 4 boetr ' or
satisfaction.
braga (a<5), v. to flicker, flash (of
the northern lights).
bragar-full, n. toast, esp. at a
funeral banquet ; -laun, n. pi. gift
for a poem-.
bragft, n. Ci) sudden or brisk move-
ment; mome?tt; bragds, af bragfii,^:/
ICEL. DICT.
BRAGBA
[66]
BRAUB-SUFL
once; af (or a) skommu bragSi,
shortly ', quickly, in a short time ; (2)
fig., in many phrases, ver3a fyrri
(skjotari) at bragfii, to make the first
move, to be beforehand with (peir
hafa orSit fyrri at brag6i at stefna en
ver) ; vera i bragSi meS e-m, skerast
f b. me6 e-m, to lend one a helping
hand ; taka e-t bragfls or til bragSs,
to take some step (to get out of diffi-
culties) ; uviturligt b., a foolish step ;
uheyriligt b., an unheard-of proceed-
ing-^ ger6ist par at svd. mikit b., at,
it went so far that ; litit b. mun J)
at (it must be very slight], ef pu finnr
ekki ; (3) trick, scheme, device, chiefly
in pi. ; beita e-n brogdum, hafa
brog6 vid e-n, to deal cunningly
with, impose upon ; ferr at fornum
brogdum, in the old way ; bua yfir
brogdum, to brood over wiles ; leika
e-m b., to play or serve one a trick ;
hefir hann miklu bragSi a" oss komit,
he has played a bad trick upon us ;
(4) countenance, look, expression ;
pannig ertu i bragdi sem, thou lookest
as if', me 5 betra brag6i, in a better
mood', bleySimannligr i bragSi,
having the look oj a coward', Sturla
ger6i pat b. a" (made as if], at hann
hef6i fundit Pal prest ; (5) em-
broidered figure (hekla saumud 611
brogfium).
brag(5a (aft), v. (i) to move, stir
(pat bragSar allt, sem kvikt er) ; (2)
to flicker, fiash (of light).
bragSa-drykkr, m. poisoned drink.
bragfta-karl, m. sly fellow.
brag(5-alr, m. * twirling awl', a
kind of fi e-drill ; brag<5als-eldr, m.
fire produced by a bragSalr.
bragc5-illr, a. ill-looking', -ligr, a.
expedient, suitable ; -mikill, a.
expressive-looking', -samr, a. crafty ;
-visi, f. craft, subtlety ; -visliga,
adv. cunningly ; -visligr, a. cunning.
bragnar, m. pi. poet, heroes, men.
bragr, m. (i) /0<?/ry, = skaldskapr ;
(2) the best, foremost (Asa bragr =
Thor ; bragr kvenna) ; most eloquent.
brak, n. creaking noise, crack.
braka (aS), v. to creak, crack
(brakaSi mjok 1 skipinu).
brakan, f. creaking, cracking.
brakki, m., brakun, m. inter-
mediary, broker,
branda-dyrr, f. pi. main entrance,
front door, so called because of the
' brandar ' (ships' beaks] fixed as
ornaments over or beside it.
brand-gas, f. common sheldrake.
brand-krossi, m. the name given to
a brandkrossottr uxi.
brand-krosaottr, a. brindled brown
with a white cross on the forehead.
brandr (-8, -ar), m. (i) brand, fire-
brand (brandr af brandi brennr) ; (2)
ship's beak ( = sviri) ; fellr brattr
breki brondum haeri, the waves
break high above the 1 brandar'; (3)
ships' beaks put tip as ornaments over
or at each side of the chief entrance of
dwellings (brandana af knerrinum let
hann setja yfir utidyrr sinar) ; (4) the
blade of a sword (brast sver6it undir
hjaltinu ok for brandrinn grenjandi
ni6r i ana).
brand-reitS, f. gridiron, brander
(steikja a" -rei6).
brand-0x, f. a sort of axe.
branga, f. (HamSismal 20) 1
brasta (atS), v. to bluster, swagger
(peir brasta allmikit).
bratt-gengni, f. skill in climbing;
-gengr, a. skilful in climbing ; -leitr,
a. with prominent forehead; -lendi,
n. steep ground.
brattr, a. ( i ) steep ; brott brekka, a
steep slope; brattar ba"rur, high waves ;
bera bratt halann, to carry the tail
high ; reynt hefi ek fyrr brattara, /
have been in a worse plight ; (2)
< Hft/</i#,s=bra'6r (brott fyrirastlan).
bratt-s^einn, in. stotie column.
brauS, n. bread; hleifr brauds, a
loaf of bread.
brauS-bakatr, m. bread-baking;
-diskr, m. bread-plate ; -gpr (5, f. bread-
making; -hleifr, m. a loaf of bread;
-jarn, n. girdle, griddle (for baking
bread) ; -kass, m. bread-basket ;
-laupr, m., -meiss, m. bread-box;
-xnoli, m. crumb of bread; -ofn,
m. bread-oven ; -skifa, f. slice of
bread; -sufl, n. whatever is eaten
with bread.
BRAUT
[67]
BREGDA
braut (pi. brautir), f. (i) road (cut
through rocks, forests, &c.) ; ryoja b.,
to cut a road', (2) as adv. away,
either with or without the prep. ' a"' or
' i ' (fara, ganga, komast b. or b.,
brautu ; vera a b. or brautu ; kasta
e-u i b., hverfa i b., vera i b. or
brautu) Cf. brott, burt.
braut- in compels., see 'brott '.
brauta-mot, n. meeting of roads.
brautar-gengi, n. help, furtherance.
brautingi (-ja), m. a wayfarer^,
tramp, beggar ; bra5 eru brautingja
erendi, the wanderer's errand is
urgent.
bra i gen. brar, pi. brar), f. eyelash.
braft, f. meat, raw flesh ; varmar
braQir, the corpses of the newly slain.
bra S, n. pitch.
brac5, f. haste, only used in adverb.
phrases, i b., soon, s/wrtfy,=br6liga. ;
bas6i i b. ok lengSar, now and ever.
bracSa-bugr, m., in the phrase, g0ra
-bug at e-u, to hasten to do a thing,
do it without delay ; -fangs, adv. at
bra5a-hola, f. a hole where the wild
beasts carry their prey (brad).
br/5a-h.ri(5, f. sudden storm.
brafta-lauss, a. without prey
(haukar braQalausir).
braSan, adv. soon, shortly, \yr.\k.
brafta-sott, f. sudden illness, plague',
-beyr, m. sudden thaw.
braft-dau&i, m. sudden death ;
-daucSr, a., in the phrase, verSa
-daudr, to die suddenly ; -endis, adv.
of a sudden ; -fara, a. indecl., ver5a
-fara, to travel in haste ; -feginn, a.
exceeding glad; -feigligr, a. rushing
to death ; -fengis, adv. suddenly, at
once ; -fengr, a. quick to act, prompt ;
-ge(5r, a. hot-tempered, hasty (-ge<5 er
bernskan) ; -gerr, a. matured early
in life, precocious ; -gerviligr, a. of
early promise ; -hsettligr, a. most
dangerous ; -kalla(5r, pp., verSa
kallaSr, to die suddenly ; -kjorit, pp.
n. hastily chosen; -komliga=bra6-
iga: -la, adv. = bra*31iga.
bracS-lauss, a. not pitched,
brac5-latinn,pp. = bra5dau6r; -latr,
i. eager, impatient', -liga, adv.
hastily, at once\ -liga er, as soon as\
-ligr, a. sudden (-ligr daufli) ; -litit,
pp. n., gera -litit a" e-t, to look hastily
at a thing; -lyndi, n. hot temper,
hastiness ; -lyndr, a. hot-tempered,
hasty ; -laeti, n. impatience ; -meelt,
pp. n. hastily spoken.
braftna (acS), v. to melt, of snow, &c.
brac5-ortSr, a. hasty of speech.
braftr (neut. bratt), a. (i) sudden
(b. bani) ; (2) hasty, hot-tempered;
bu hefir verit h01zti b. (too eager, too
rash] i bessu mali.
bratS-racSinn, pp. hastily or rashly
decided ; -reitSr, a. very wrathful ;
aetSi, n. rashness ; -sjukr, a. taken
suddenly ill ; -skapacSr, a. of hasty
disposition ( = skapbra5r) ; -skeyti,
n. hastiness, rashness; -skeytiligr,
a. rash ; -skeyttr, a. heedless, rash ;
-synn, a. seen at a glance.
bra(5um, adv. soon, shortly.
brat5ung, f. haste; bra3ungar barf
\\,one must make haste ; af braSungu,
in a hurry.
brac5-broskat5r, pp. early matured
or grown-up.
bra-hvitr, a. with white eyelashes.
brass, m. cook? (toku beir bras
BuSla ok brugftu til knifi).
brdtt, adv. soon ; b. er, as soon as.
brec5a-fonn, f. a great heap or
drifted mass of snow.
br6f, n. letter, written deed.
br6fa (acS:, v. to give an account ', to
write (b. af e-u).
br6fa-bok, f. register-book ; -brot,
n. breach of ordinances ; -g0rtS, f.
letter-writing ; -ma(5r, m. letter-
carrier, public courier ; -sveinn, m.
letter-boy.
br6f-laust, adv. without a written
document.
bregfta (bregcS ; bra, brugSum ;
brugcSinn), v. with dat. (i) to cause
to move (quickly] ; b. sverSi, knifi, to
draw a sword, 'knife ; b. fingri, hendi
i e-t, to put (thrust] the finger, hand,
into ; hon bra harinu undir b^lti ser,
she put (fastened] her hair under her
belt; b. kaQli um e-t, to pass a rope
round a thing ; b. augum sundr, to
open the eyes ; b. e-m a eintal, to take
BUEGBA
[68]
BREIDB
one apart ; b. ser sjukum, to feign
illness ; (2) to deviate from , disre-
gard (ver hofum brugoit af rddum
pinum) ; (3) to alter, change-, b. lit,
litum, to change colour, to turn pale ;
b. e-m i e-s liki, to turn one (by spell)
into another shape (pu bratt pe"r i
merar liki) ; (4) to bteak up, leave off,
give up ; b. tjoldum, to strike the
tents', b. samvist, to leave off living
together ; b. radahag, to break off an
engagement (wedding) ; b. bo5i, to
countermand a feast ; b. syslu, to
leave off 'working', b. svefni, blundi,
to awake ; b. tali, to break off talking ;
b. orrustu, kaupi, to break off a battle,
bargain', (5) to break (b. trunaSi,
heiti, sa'ttmali) ; (6) b. e-m e-u, to
upbraid, reproach one with a thing
(Kalfr bra" mdr pvi i dag) ; (7) with
preps., b. e-m a" loft, to lift one aloft ;
b. e-u d, to give out, pretend (hann
brd pvi, at hann mtmdi riSa vestr
til MidfjarSar) ; absol., b. e-t, /#
begin (suddenly) doing a thing ; b. d
leik, /<? begin playing or sporting',
Kimbi brd d gaman, /#<? // playfully,
laughed at it ; peir brugdu a glimu ok
d glens, //<y started wrestling and
playing', hestrinn brd d. leik, broke
into play, ran away, hond bregSr d
venju, z'j ready for its old work ; pd.
brd Ingimundr til utanferdar, /. started
to go abroad ; b. e-u undan, to put it
out of the way, to hide it ; b. upp
hendi, hondum, to hold up the hand ;
b. e-u vi6, to ward off with (b. vi6
skildi) ; ft%.,to put forth as an example,
to praise, wonder at (pmum drengskap
skal ek vi6 b.) ; absol., b. viS, to start
off, set about a thing without delay ;
brd hann vid skjott ok for, he started
off at once and -went', (8) refL, breg-
6ast, to fail, come to naught (pat mun
eigi b.) ; b. e-m, to deceive, disappoint
one (Gunnar kvaSst aldri skyldu b.
Njdli ne sonum hans) ; peim brdst
frumhlaupit, they failed in the
onslaught ; b. brogoum, to play one
another tricks', b. orSum, brigzlum,
to upbraid one another ; b. vi5, to
make a sudden motion with the body
(Hrutrbrast skjott vi5 undan hogginuj ;
b. vi3 fast, to turn sharply ; b. beina
vi6 e-n, to show hospitality towards ;
b. reidr vi6 e-t, to get angry at\ b.
ukunnr vid e-t, to be startled at the
novelty of a thing ; (9) impers., e-u
breg6r, it ceases, fails ; sva hart, at
nyt bregSi (to drive the ewes) so fast
that they fail to give milk ; veSrattu
bra" eigi, there was no change in the
weather', of a sudden appearance,
klada bra a hvarmana, the eye-lids
began to itch ; pa bra Ijoma af Loga-
fjollum, then from L. there burst
flashes of light ; Ijosi bregSr fyrir, a
light passes before the eye ; with
preps., bregSr af vexti hans frd oQrum
selum, his shape differs from that of
other seals ; e-m bregSr i brun, one is
amazed, startled (nu breg6r monnum
i brun mjok) ; e-m bregdr til e-s, one
person takes after, resembles another ;
en pvi bregSr mer til foreldris mins,
in that I am like my father ; pat er
maelt, at fjordungi bregSi til fostrs,
the fostering makes the fourth part oj
a man ; e-m bregSr vi5 e-t = e-m
bregcSr i brun ; brd peim mjok vid, er
peir sa hann inn ganga, /'/ startled
them much when they saw him come
in ; en po brd fostru Melkorku mest
vi5 pessi tidindi, this news most
affected M.'s nurse.
breic5a (-dda, -ddr), v. to spread;
b. bor5, to lay the cloth on the table ;
b. faQm, to stretch out the arms ; b.
ut, to lay out for drying, as hay ; b.
lit hendr, to stretch out the hands ; b.
e-t yfir e-n, to cover one with a thing,
chiefly of the bed-clothes.
breidd, f. breadth.
brei(5-dcelskr, a. from Broaddale ;
Brei(5-:fir(5iDgr, m. a man from
Broadjirth ; breiS-firzkr, a. belong-
ing to Broadfirth.
brei(5ka (at$), v. to grow broad, to
broaden.
breift-laginn, a. broadish ; -leikr,
m. broadness, breadth ; -leitr, a.
broad-faced.
breir (neut. breitt), a. broad; .
breiSan, in breadth, = breidd ; standa
breitt, to spread over a wide space ;
sitja breitt, with the legs wide apart.
BREID-SKEGG
a,
[69]
BREYTA
breit5-skeggr, a. broad-bearded, as
a nickname ; -vaxinn, pp. broad-
framed^ stout, square-built; -0x, f.
axe with a broad blade.
brek, n. claim, demand (eru Bryn-
hildar brek of mikil).
breka (atS), v. to keep asking (la"tum
barn hafa pat er brekar).
brek-boo, n. fraudulent bidding.
breki, m. poet, breaker.
brekka, f. slope ; Iei3a prael 1 brekku
(viz. pingbrekku), to proclaim a
bondsman free.
brekku-brun, f. the edge of a slope ;
-megin, n. (i) strength to climb a
hill ; (2) the steepest part of a slope ;
munr, m. difference in height.
brek-laust, adv. without fraud ;
ratS, n. pi. an attempt at fraudulent
acquisition ; -sekt, i. fraudulent out-
lawry (in order to disable one from
pleading his case) ; -visi, f. impor-
tunity, importunate solicitation.
brenna (brenn ; brann, brunnum ;
brunninn), v. (i) to burn with a
flame (logi, Ijos, eldr, kerti brennr) ;
(2) to be consumed by fire (a Flugu-
myri brann fe mikit) ; nu breSr
(= brennr) viSara en hann vildi, the
fire spreads wider than he wished ; b.
inni, to perish by fire ; b. upp, to be
burnt up ( peiri natt brann upp allt
Danavirki) ; hlutr e-s brennr vi5, one
gets the worst of it ; brann bratt
peirra hlutr vid, it soon grew too hot
for them ; rautt mun fyrir b., mun
nb'kkut fyrir b., things will brighten
up or improve.
brenna (-da, -dr), v. (i) to burn (b.
bdl) ; (2) to destroy by fire (b. boe,
hof, skip at koldum kolum) ; b. e-n
inni, to burn one to death in his
house ; b. e-t upp, to burn up ; (3) to
cauterize (as a surgical operation) ;
b. e-n vi<5 bolvi, to burn one to cure
his malady ; b. e-m dila, to bitrn
spots on one's back ; fig. to brand
one's back ; b. e-m illan dila, to inflict
a severe injury upon one ; (4) to pro-
duce by burning (b. e-t til lims) ; b.
kol, to burn wood for charcoal; b.
salt, to produce salt by burning
(sea-weedj ; (5) to purify (silver or
gold) by burning ; brent silfr, pure
silver (eyrir brendr, mork brend).
brenna, f. the burning of a house or
Person (pd er b. var a" Flugumyri ;
Njdls brenna).
brenni-steinn, m. = brennusteinn.
brennu-maftr, m. incendiary ; -mal,
n. action for fire ; -saga, f. the story
of the burning (of Njal) ; -statSr, m.
the place where a fire has been ;
-steinn, m. brimstone, sulphur.
brennusteins-logi, m. sulphur
flame ; -vatn, n. sulphur well ; -J>efr,
m. smell of brimstone, sulphureous
smell.
brennu-sumar, n. summer of fires ;
vargr, m. an outlawed incenaiary.
bre3ta (brest ; brast, brustum ;
brostinn), v. (i) to burst, to be rent
(steinninn brast) ; pd brast i sundr
jor6in (the earth burst] undir hesti
hans ; (2) to break, snap, with a noise
(brast i sundr boginn); (3) to crash,
of the sound alone ; J>a brast strengr,
then twanged the bowstring', (4) to
burst forth (skriSa brast) ; eldr brestr
upp, fire breaks out ; blod brestr ut,
blood bursts out ; (5) to rise, begin ;
flotti brestr, the ranks break inflight ;
bardagi brestr, the battle breaks out,
begins ; (6) impers., e-n brestr e-t,
one lacks, falls short of (eigi brestr
mik dras6i) ; ef oss brestr d borSi, if
we fall short^ get the worst of it;
pat mun aldri b. (// will never fail], at.
brestr (-s, -ir), m. (i) crash (var6
par vid har b.) ; (2) chink, crack
(b. hafSi verit a hringnum) ; berja f
brestina, to cry off a bargain ; (3)
want, loss (hvdrt abati edr b. i var6).
Bretar, m. pi. the Welsh.
Bretland, n. Wales; sySraBretland,
Brittany.
bretta (-tta, -ttr), v. to turn up-
wards (b. hala sinn).
breysk-leikr, m. infirmity, weak-
ness (likamsins -leikr) ; -ligr, &. frail,
weak (mannsins -lig nattura).
breyskr, a. (i) brittle (b. leirpottr) ;
(2) weak, infirm.
breyta (-tta, -ttiO, v. (i) to change,
alter (b. atrunaSi) ; refl., breytast ;
BREYTILIGA
[70]
BRJ6ST
hafa pau eigi breyzt siSan, they have
not changed since; (2) to vary, b.
hattum, to vary the metre; b. haii
sinu, to dress one's hair; rettr ok
breyttr, plain and artificial; (3)
absol. to conduct oneself, do, act ;
munum vi5 badir i brott komast, ef
vid breytum svd, if we do so ; b. eptir
e-m, to imitate ; b. til e-s, to attempt.
breyti-liga, adv. strangely; -ligr,
a. strange ; breyting, f. change.
breytinn, a. (i) variable; b. i
buningi, fashionable in dress ; (2)
courteous, attentive (b. i ollum at-
vikum vid konurnar).
breytni, f. change ; gera b. a" um e-t,
to make an alteration in a thing; b. i
brezka, f. the Welsh language.
brezkr, a. Welsh.
brigS, f. (i) right to reclaim (chiefly
of landed property) ; fyrnist pa" eigi
brigSin, then the right of reclamation
will not be lost; (2) n. pi. change
(engi brig5 mun ek her a" gera) ;
kaupa e-t i b. viQ annan mann, to
purchase a thing already bought by
another.
brig<5a (-t5a, -Sr), v. (i) to try to
recover (lost property) by lawful pro-
cedure (b. land, fe) ; (2) with dat. to
annul, make void (b. kaupi, domi,
sa"ttmali) ; b. e-m frelsi, to revoke
one's liberty.
brigcSar-matSr, m. reclaimer of lost
property.
brigtSi, n. pi. (i) = brigS, f. ; (2) =
brigS, n. pi. (gera b. a" e-u).
brigfti-ligr, a. (i) variable ; (2) cor-
ruptible, perishable (-ligr likami).
brigtS-kaup, n. void bargain ; -liga,
adv. variably; -ligr, a. = brig8iligr ;
-lyndi, n. fickle-mindedness ; -lyndr,
a. fickle-minded ; -mfflli, n. breach o
Promise.
brigftr, a. fickle, faithless.
brigcS-raecSi, n. fickleness, cunning.
brigftull, a. variable, inconstant.
brigzl, n. = brigzli.
brigzla (ac5), v. to upbraid (e-m e-u
or e-t) one with a thing ; at honum se
J>vi brigzlat, that it be thrown in his
teeth.
brigzla-lauss, a. blameless.
brigzlan, f. reproach, blame.
brigzlanar-hlatr, m. reproachful or
scornful laughter.
brigzli, n. reproach, blame; fcera
e-m e-t i b., hafa e-m e-t at brigzlum, to
upbraid one with a thing, to throw a
thing in one's teeth ; eilift b., ever-
lasting reproach.
brim, n. surf (sker ok b.).
brim-dyr, n. poet, ship ; -gangr,
m. dashing of the surf.
brimill, m. a big sort of seal, male
seal ; also as a nickname.
brim-lauss, a. surf-less, calm;
-leysa, f. calm (smooth} sea ; -leysi,
n.=-leysa ; -orri, m. a kind of duck ;
-runar, f. pi. poet, 'surf-curbing'
runes ; -sorfinn, pp. surf-worn
(-sorfit grjot) ; -stormr, m. surf-
raising gale; -svin, n. poet, ship,
vessel; -tog, n. a rope to tug a boat
through the surf.
bringa, f. (i) chest (hdrit tok ofan a
bringuna) ; e-m skytr {or slasr) skelk
f bringu, one gets frightened ; (2)
brisket (ofan animal).
bring-spalir, f. pi. = -spelir (ace.
-spolu), m. pi. the ' breast-rails ', the
lower part of the chest (bar sver6it at
kviSnum fyrir neSan bripgspolu).
bringu-bein, n. the breast-bone ;
-breic5r, a. broad-chested; -sar, n.
a wound in the chest ; -teinar, m. pi.
= bringspelir.
brik (-ar, pi. brikr), f. (i) thin
board; (2) low wooden screen ; (3)
short bench, near the door.
brikar-buningr, m , -klffltSi, n.
covering for an altar-screen.
brimi, m. poet.y?r<?.
brimir (gen. -is), m. poet, sword.
. brja (brjafta, brjat), v. to sparkle,
rf flicker, gleam.
brjandi, f. or n. flickering, gleam.
brjosk, n. cartilage (sem brjosk vasri
bar, sem bein skyldu vera).
brjost, n. (i) the front of the chest,
breast (hyl vel b. pitt) ; (2) woman's
breast ; foeSa barn a" brjosti, to feed a
child at the breast; (3) fig. the seat
of the affections and emotions, mind,
heart, feeling, disposition ; mun hann
BRj6ST-AFIi
[71]
BRODDR
vera pralyndr i skapi sem fa6ir
bans, en hafa b. verra, a harder heart ;
mun hann optar me'r i brjosti (in my
mind) en per ; (4) the front (of a
wave or a battalion); (5) breast-
work, protection (hann er sjalfr b. ok
hlifiskjb'ldr kristni sinnar) ; vera b.
fyrir e-m, to be one's defender, to
shield one', (6) vinna ei6 iyrir brjost
e-s, on one's behalf.
bijost-afl, n. strength of chest ;
barn, n. a child at the breast,
siickling ; -bjorg, f. breast-plate;
-brag(5, n. compassion ; -bunaftr, m.
breast ornament, brooch ; -drekkr,
m. j^//g',=spendrekkr; -fastligr,
a. faithful; -fastr, a. fixed in the
heart ; -festa (-sta, -str), v., -festa
se'r e-t, to impress on one's mind;
-friSr, m. peace of mind; -gjort5, f.
saddle-girth ; -gcetSi, f. compassion ;
-heill, a. having a sound chest ;
-kaldr, a. hostile ; -kirk j a, f. the
heart ; -kringla, f. brooch ; -leyai,
n. feebleness of mind; -megin, n.
strength of mind or heart ; -mikill,
a. broad-chested ; -mceSi, f. shortness
of breath, weariness ; -rei(5r, a. en-
raged; -reip, n. breast-rope, girdle;
-samligr, a. = -fastligr; -stofa, f.
front-room ; -sullr, m. a boil in the
lungs ; -svifti, m. heart-burn ; -vit,
n. mother-wit ; -vitra, f. = -vit ; -bill,
n. front wall, party 7/<7//, = bj6rJ3ili ;
-pungt, a. n., e-m er -bungt, suffers
from difficult breathing.
brjota (bryt ; braut, brutum ;
brotinn), v. (i) to break ; b. fot sinn,
to break one's leg; b. tennr or hofSi
manns, to break the teeth out of the
head ; b. mann urn stein, to break a
man on a stone ; b. e-n i hjoli, to
break on the wheel ; (2) to break open
(b. haug, bur) ; (3) to destroy, de-
molish (b. hof, skurSgoQ, kastala) ; b.
skip, to break one's ship, be ship-
wrecked ; (4 ) to break, -violate, trans-
gress (b. heit, log) ; en pdr konungr
brutud Jog a Agli, you broke the law
in Egifs case; (5) to force, compel
(b. menn til kristni) ; b. e-n til
hlySni, to force to submission ; (6)
in various fig. phrases ; b. odd af
oflaeti sinu, to break the point off one's
pride, to humble oneself; b. straum
fyrir e-m, to break the stream before
one, to bear the brunt of battle ; (7)
with preps., b. af bruna, to break off
the bridge; b. af vid e-n, to wrong
one ; b. a bak, to force or drive back
(b. fylking a" bak) ; to neglect, disre-
gard (b. a bak ra6 e-s) ; b. nidr, to
demolish, break down (b. nifir hus) ;
b. niSr blotskap, villu, to put down,
abolish ; b. sik nidr vid jordu, to bow
down to the earth ; b. saman, to fold
(b. saman skikkju) ; to unite (b. saman
et forna logmal ok nyja) ; b. sundr,
i sundr, to break asunder (b. sundr
silfrker) ; to unfold (clothes) ; b.
(land, bj68) undir sik, to subdue ; b.
upp, to break up (beir brutu upp
J>ilit) ; to force or break open (b. upp
hurd, bur, kirkju, bref) ; to unpack
(b. upp gersemar sinar) ; b. upp
vistir, to bring out the victuals (for the
mess) ; b. upp vpn, to get out the
weapons, prepare for battle; (8) refl.,
brjotast a e-t, to break in upon ;
Onundr brauzt d hurdina, tried to
break in the door ; b. milli, to break
out between ; b. fram, to break forth ;
b. i haug, to break into a cairn ; b. i
e-u, to exert oneself in a thing ; bessi
madr bryzt i miklu ofrefli, struggles
against great odds ; b. um, to make
a hard struggle (bjorn brauzt um \
vok i ; b. vid e-t, to fight or struggle
hard against ; b. vi6 ofrefli, to fight
against odds ; b. vi6 borgarg0r<3ina,
to exert oneself in making the burg ;
b. vi5 e-u, to struggle against (b. vid
forlogunum, gasfu sinni) ; (9) impers.
in a passive sense ; skipit (ace.)
braut i spin, the ship was broken to
pieces ; pa braut kirkju (ace.), the
church was bhwn down ; strauminn
braut a oxlinni, the current broke
against his shoulder.
brjotr, m. one that breaks, destroyer.
brodda (acS), v. to prick, goad,
incite (broddadr af ohreinsan).
brodd-hogg, n. a blow from a pike.
broddr, (i) spike; (2) a kind of
shaft = broddor ; (3) sting (of an
insect) ; (4 prick, goad ; (5) the front
BKODD-SKOT
[72]
BR6K
of a column or body of men, opp. to
* hali ', the rear (b. fylkingar) ; (6) vera
f broddi lifsins, to be in the prime of
life.
brodd-skot, n. a shot with a shaft
(broddr) ; -apjot, n. a kind of pike
(the blade ending in a four-edged
point) ; -stafr, m., -stdng, f. a
(mountaineer's] staff, pole, with an
iron spike ; -or, f. a shaft with four-
edged point, = broddr 2.
brokkari, m. cart-horse, trotter.
brokunar-maftr, m. an inter-
mediary, a broker, = brakki.
brosa (-ta, -at), v. to smile; b. at
e-u, to smile at ; b. vid, to smile in
reply (GuSrun leit viS honum ok
brosti vi5).
brosa, f. smile (svara me3 brosu).
brosan, f. smiling, smile.
broa-leitr, a. with smiling face ;
-ligr, a. ridiculous.
brosrna, f. a fish of the cod-kind.
brot, n. ( i ) breaking (cf. ' skipbrot ') ;
sigla til brots, to run ashore under
full sail ; (2) fragment ', broken piece ;
(3) fracture (bein-brot) ; (4) a shallow
place in a river or a firth ; (5) lever;
(6) spasm, convulsion ; falla i brot, to
have an epileptic fit.
brota-silfr, n. old silver broken to
be recast.
brot-fall, n. epileptic fit; -fallinn,
pp. epileptic, affected with epilepsy.
brotfalla-sott, f. epileptic disease.
brot-feldr, a. = -fallinn ; -geiri, m.
an angular strip of land.
broti, m. heap of trees Jelled in a
wood (fella brota).
brot-ligr, a. guilty of an offence.
brotna (atS), to break, be broken ;
skip brotnar \ spa"n, the ship is broken
to pieces.
brotning, f. breaking.
brott, adv. away, ^=braut, burt ;
also & b., i b. (fara b. or a" b., hlaupast
Ab.ori b.).
brott-buinn, a. ready to start;
-buningr, m. preparations for de-
parture.
brottfarar-leyfi, n. leave to go
away ; -61, n. parting banquet.
brott-fertS, f. departure.
brottfercSar-61, n. = brottfararol.
brott-flutning, f. carrying off;
-fusliga, adv. with eagerness to
depart ; -fuss, a. eager to depart ;
-f&si, f. eagerness to get away ;
-foersla, f. transportation ; -for, f.=
-ferd ; -ganga, f. departure ; -hald,
n. going away (skip var buit til
-halds) ; -hlaup, n. running away ;
-hvarf, n. disappearance ; -hofn, f.
taking off; -kvama, f. coming away ;
-laga, f. retreat (after a sea-battle),
opp. to ' atlaga ' ; -reitS, f . riding away ;
-rekstr, m. driving away, expulsion ;
-sending, f. sending away ; -sigling,
f . sailing away ; -snitSning, f. cutting
away or off; -songr, m. divine
service performed elsewhere than at
the parish church ; -taka, f., -tek-
ning, f. taking away, removal ;
-toekiligr, a. removable.
brottu, adv., a" b., i b., away = braut,
brott (er ve*r vorum brottu ; meflan
jarl vseri i brottu).
brott-varp, n. throwing away ;
-vist, f. absence ; -vlsan, f. dismissal.
brofterni, n. brotherhood.
broftir (gen., dat., and ace. broSur,
pi. broetSr), m. (i) brother; (2} friar.
bro<5ur-arfr, m. a brother's inheri-
tance ; -bani, m. the slayer of a
brother ; -baugr, m. were gild due to
the brother ; -blotS, n. a brother's
blood ; -bcetr, f. pi. weregild for a
brother; -dauSi, m. a brother's
death ; -deild, f. = -hluti ; -dottir, f.
a brother's daughter, niece ; -drdp, n.
the slaying of a brother ; -gildr, a.
equal in right to a brother; -gjdld,
n. pi. = -bcetr ; -hefnd, f. revenge for
the slaying of a brother ; -hluti, m.
the share (as to weregild or inheri-
tance] of a brother; -kona, f ., -kvan,
f. a brother's wife ; -leikr, m. brother-
hood; -ligr, a. brotherly ', fraternal
(broQurlig ast).
brofrursonar-baugr, m. weregild
for a brother's son.
brotSur-sonr, m. a brother's son,
nephew.
brok (-ar, pi. brcekr), f. (i) one leg
of a pair of breeches (ok let hann leika
laust kndit i brokinni) ; (2) breeches
BR6KA-BELTI
[73]
BRUN
(but the pi. ' broekr ' is more common ) ;
vera i brokum, to wear breeches ;
gyrfir { broekr, with breeches girt
over one's underclothing.
broka-belti, m. breech-belt ; -vaS-
mal, n. cloth (wadmal) for breeches.
brok-lauss, a. breechless ; -lindi, m.
waist-belt-= brokabelti.
brugftinn, pp. (see 'bregda') ac-
customed to, versed in (b. vid e-t).
brugftning, f. breach, 'violation,
alteration (for the worse).
brugg, n. (i) brewing ; (2) machina-
tion, scheming.
brugga (at$), v. (i) to brew ; (2) to
concoct, scheme ; b. or b. saman svik,
to concoct a fraud', b. e-m bana, to
scheme his death ; (3) to break (b. sdtt-
mdli vi5 e-n).
brugginn, pp. brewed (b. mjoSr).
bruggu-kanna, f. brewing can ;
-ketill, m. brewing kettle.
brullaup, n. = brufllaup, bruflkaup.
brum, n. (i) bud ; (2) point of time
(i J)etta brum).
brumr, m. = brum (i })enna brum).
bruna (aft), v. to advance with
great speed, to rush (b. fram).
bruna-domr, m. a sentence to be
burnt ; -flekkr, m. burnt spot ;
-hraun, n. burnt lava-field; -vegr,
m. the torrid zone ; -{>efr, m. smell of
burning', -old, f. the burning age,
the (heathen] time when the dead were
burnt (opp. to * haugs-old ').
brund-tift, f . the time when the ewes
are ' bloesma '.
bruni, m. burning, heat, fire ; fig.
burning passion (b. ofundar, losta-
girndar, heilagrar truar).
brunn-loakr, m. brooklet coming
from a well\ -migi, m. defiler of
wells, fox.
brunnr, m. (i) spring; (2) well.
brunns-munni, m. the mouth or
opening of a well.
brunn-vaka, f. an instrument to get
at water under ice or snow ; -vatn, n.
spring-water ; -vigsla, f . consecration
of a well.
bru (-ar, pi. -ar, -r, bryr), f. bridge.
brua (aft), v. to bridge over (bruat
var yfir dikit).
bruar-fundr, m. the battle of the
Bridge ; -gprft, f. bridge-making ;
-sportSr, m. head or end of a bridge.
brufta, f. (i) doll, puppet-, (2) chair-
post ; ji brudum stolsins var skorinn
f6rr, Thor was carved on the chair-
posts.
brutSar-bekkr, m. the bride's bench ;
-efni, n. a bride to be, bride-elect ;
-fatSmr, m. a bride's embrace ; -bus,
n. bride's chamber ; -lin, n. bride's
veil ; -atoll, m. bride's chair.
bruft-bekkr, m. = bru3arbekkr ; -f6,
n. bride s fee or gift ; -fercS, -for, f.
bride's journey ; -gumi, m. bride-
groom ; -hiis, n. bride's chamber ;
-hvila, f. bridal bed; -kaup, n.
wedding feast, bridal (at bj66a mon-
num til -kaups) ; -kaupligr, a. per-
taining to a wedding feast (-kaupligr
viftbunadr).
bruftkaupa-ferft, f. = brvidferS;
-g0rtS, f . holding a wedding ; -mat5r,
m. wedding guest ; -veizla, f. wedding
feast.
brut5-kona, f. bridesmaid; -laup,
n. wedding, wedding feast ; drekka,
gera -laup, to hold a wedding ; gera
-laup til konu, to wed', r5a -laup, to
fix the wedding day.
bruc5laups-dagr, m. wedding day,
-fer(5, f. = bru5ferd; -klaetSi, n. pi.
wedding garment ; -kostr, m. the
cost of a wedding ; -atefna, f. wedding
meeting ; -veizla, f . wedding feast ;
-vitni, n. marriage-witness.
bru5-ma(5r, m. bridegroom's man,
bridesman ; -messa, f. marriage-
service.
bruftr (gen. -ar, dat. and ace. -i, pi.
-ir), f.(i)^ bride (konur skipufiu pall, ok
var bruQrin dopr) ; (2) esp. pi. brides-
maids =brudkonur ; sat f>6rhalla milli
bru6a, Th. was seated among the
bridesmaids = milli brudkvenna.
briicS-stoll, m. bride s chair or seat,
= bru5arstoll.
bruk, n. a heap (brukum in heaps] ;
esp. a heap of seaweed (= J>ara-
bruk).
brun (pi. brynn), f. (i) brow, the
Projecting edge of a cliff or hill (cf.
fjalls-, heiflar-, is-brunj ; (2) eye-
BRUN
[74]
brow ; lata siga brynn a" nef, fyrir
bra"r, of an fyrir augun, setja si<5a b.
hleypa brunum, to knit the brows ;
lypta brunum, hefja upp brun, to lift
the eyebrows, become cheerful, brighten
up; also impers., hffr e-m upp b.,
one brightens up ; lypti pa" mjok brun-
um manna, their faces brightened up ;
e-m bregflr i b., one is amazed.
brun (pi. brunir), f. a kind of stuff.
brunatSr, a. dark-coloured ^ brown.
bruna-mikill, a. heavy-browed ;
-sitSr, a. having overhanging brows ;
-skurftr, m. cutting the hair straight
across the brows.
brunar-bein, n. pi. the bone of the
eye- brow.
brun-ass, m. ridge-pole, ridge-piece.
brun-hvitr, a. white-browed.
brun-moalottr, a. of mouse-grey
colour with a black stripe down the
back (of a horse).
brunn, a. ( i) brown ; (2) of polished
metal, bright (beit brun egg).
brunn, m. black horse.
brun-siSr, a. = brunasi5r ; -skarpr,
a. light in the head] -volr, -volvi,
olvi, a. frowning.
brusi, m. buck, he-goat.
bru-steinn, m. pavement.
brydda (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to prick,
goad; (2) to roiigh-shoe (aka jo
obryddum a* isi halum) ; (3) to show
the point (bryddu upp 6r pokunni
kollarnir) ; (4) impers., af pessi g0rfi
herra paTans bryddi (arose] sva mikla
styrjold, at.
brydding, f. bordering, edging.
bryftja, f. a sort of trough.
bryggja, f. (\]gangboard, gangway ;
skjota bryggjum, to shoot out the
gangway, (2) landing-stage ; pier,
quay (lagu langskip konungs me6
endilongum bryggjum) ; (3) rarely,
bridge, = \$\\\.
bryggju-buft, f. storehouse on a
pier ; -ker, n. a tub at a pier ? ; -laBgi,
n. landing-stage ; -mangari, m. shop-
keeper at a landing-pier ; -sporSr,
m. the head of a pier.
bryna (aft), v. = bruna.
bryn-broekr, f. pi. war-breeches ;
-glofi, m. war-glove t gauntlet;
-hattr, m., -hetta, f. war-hood \
-hosa, f. war-hose, greave; -hottr,.
m. = -hattr. -hetta.
brynja, f. coat of mail.
bryrja (a(5), v. to cover or arm with
a coat of mail ; brynja6r, wearing a
coat of mail, mailclad.
brynju-bitr, m. ' mail-biter ', siuord ;
-bond, n. pi. cords to fasten the coat
of mail ; -hattr, m., -hetta, f. = bryn-
hattr, brynhetta ; -halsbj rg, f. the
neckpiece of a hauberk ; -hringr, m. a
ring of a coat of mail (hringabrynja) ;
-lauss, a. without a coat of mail,
unprotected; -meistari, m. maker of
coats of mail ; -rokkr, m. military
tunic (worn over the coat of mail).
bryn-klungr, m. a sort of weapon
used in defending a besieged castle ;
-knifr, m. war-knife; -kolla, f.
a mail-cap (worn under the helmet).
brynna (-ta, -t), v. to water, give
water to (b. nautum).
bryn-stakkr, m. mail-jacket ;
-stuka, f. mail-sleeve ; -troll, n. a sort
of halberd ; -ping, n. fight, combat
(poet.) ; -pvari, m. a sort of halberd
( = bryn-troll).
bryti (gen. brytja or bryta), m.
bailiff, under-steward; konungs b., a
steward on royal estates.
brytja (aft), v. to chop (b. mat) ; b.
116 heifiingja, to put to the sword; b.
nidr, to cut down.
brytjan, f. chopping.
bryt-skalm, f. chopper (kallar hann
pat sver6 brytskalm sina).
bryna (-da, -dr), v. (i) to whet,
sharpen (b. lja", knif, svero") ; (2) bryna
upp skipi, to drag a boat or ship half
ashore, put it on the * edge ' of the sea-
board; (3) to egg on ; 'b. hug e-s, to
encourage.
bryni, n. (i) whetstone ; (2) spice \
'ekki hafa peir salt vi6 mat ok ekki
Dryni).
bryning, f. (i) whetting, sharpening,
(2) fig. egging on, incitement.
bryn-ligr, a. = brynn ; er -ligt urn
e-t, /'/ is promising, likely.
brynn, a. prompt, ready; ef bryn
efong laegi fyrir, ready means ; bryn
sok, just, cogent cause ; bryn vorn, a
BRYNN
[75]
BURGEISS
clear case for defence', b. byrr, straight,
fair wind.
brynn, f. pi., from 'brim'; -brynn,
a. -browed (lett-brynn, fmng-brynn).
bracts a (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to melt
(b. jokul, snjo, is) ; (2) to tar, pitch
(b. skip).
braefta (-dda, -ddr), v. to hurry,
make haste (nu seinkaSa ek, en pu
brasddir heldr).
brsefti, f. anger, passion ; maela e-t
f b., in a passion.
brset$i-ligr, a. meltable, fusible.
braeSi-maBli, n. pi. angry language.
braekta (aS), v. to bleat (b. sem geit).
brceftra-born, n. pi. first cousins
(agnate) ; -doetr, f. pi. nieces (of
brothers) ; -eign, f. property of
brothers; -garcSr, m. monastery, =
korsbrceSragarSr ; -lag, n. (^fellow-
ship as of brethren, = fostbrceSralag
(sverjast i -lag) ; (2) brotherhood,
religious frater?iity.
brcetSralags-bref, n. letter of (reli-
gious] fraternity.
brceftra-mai k, n. the constellation
Gemini ; -partr, m. = br66urdeild ;
-samnaftr, m. assembly (union] of
brothers ; -skali, m. apartment for
friars ; -skipti, n. division of inheri-
tance among brothers ; -synir, m. pi.
brothers' sons, cousins.
brceftrunga, {.female first cousin.
brcetSmngr, m. male first cousin
(agnate); also=brce3runa ; hon var
b. (she was first coiisiri) Asnyjar.
broeSrungs-barn, n. child of a first
cousin ; -baugr, m. share of weregild
due to a first cousin.
broeklingar, m. pi. ' breechlings \ a
nickname of the Irish.
brogc^ottr, a. crafty, cunning.
brogSu-liga, adv. cunningly, slyly
(blekkja, svikja e-n -liga) ; -ligr, a.
crafty, sly.
brolta (-Ita, -It), v. to toss or
tumble about.
bi-L s f u-liga, adv. boastingly ; lata
-liga, to brag.
butSka-gros, n. pi. herbs kept in a
box (for use in medicine).
buftkr, m. small box (originally a box
to keep herbs and balsams in).
buSlungr, m. poet. king.
buffeit, n. buffet (sla" e-m b.).
buffeita (-tta, -'tr), v. to buffet.
buga (aft), v. to bow, bend.
bugr, m. bend, curve ; the bight
(inside) of a ring (i bug hringinum) ;
of the bent fingers (b. fingranna) ; the
concave side of the sails (sa af landi i
bug allra seglanna) ; a cun/e, dis-
order, of a line of men or ships (r^tta
{>ann bug, er a var orSinn flotanum) ;
aka e-m a" bug, aka bug a e-m, to
make one give way, repel.
bug-stafr, m. crooked stick.
bukka-skinn, n. the skin of he-
goats', -vara, f. = -skinn.
bukkr, m. (i) buck, he-goat; (2)
battering ram.
bukk-skinn, n. the skin of a he-
goat (cf. ' bukka-skinn ').
bukl, n. the boss of a shield.
buklara-bola, f. = bukl; -fetill, m.
strap of a buckler.
buklari, m. buckler, shield.
bukram, bukran, r\. bitckram.
bula (acS), v. to cut through, = bola.
bulr, m. = bolr.
bulungr, m.pile of logs, firewood.
bul-px, f. = bol-0x.
bumba, f. drum (berja bumbur).
bundin, n. sheaf (of corn}.
bunki, m. ^^/,/z7^, = bulki (rare).
burf*"a-munr, m. difference of birth.
bur(5ar-dagr, m. birthday ; -ruatSr,
m. bearer^ carrier; -sveinn, m.
errand-boy ; -tit$, f., -timi, m. birth-
time.
burdeigja (aS), v. to capriole, of a
horse (for. word).
burftr (-ar, -ir), m. (i) carriage,
bearing, of the limbs or body (b. lik-
amans birtir hugskotsins rd.6) ; (2)
birth (fr^ Krists burfii) ; of domestic
animals, lambing, calving (pasr kyr,
er bezt buast til burSar) ; (3) fetus,
the thing born, offspring (fill gengr
tvo ar meS burSinum ; hinn hsesti b.
varr drottinn J. Kr.) ; (4) pi., burSir,
birth, extraction ; heiSinn at bur6um,
heathen by birth ; burSir ok astt, birth
and ki.nship.
burtSugr, a. of high birth.
burgeiss, m. burgess.
Bums
[76]
BUA
burls, m. borax (for. word).
burr (-ar, -ir), m. poet. son.
burst or bust, f. (i) bristle, bristles ;
draga b. or nefi e-m, to draw a bristle
out of one's nose, to cheat one ; (2)
gable head or ridge of a house.
bursta-kollr, m. bristle-scalp, an
assumed name.
burstar-har, n. bristly hair,
bursti, m. bristly hair.
burst-igull, m. hedge-hog.
burt, adv. = brott.
burt, f., in the phrase, rida a b., to
ride a tilt.
burt-bumngr, m. preparation to
leave a place (vera i -buningi).
burt-reitS, f. riding a tilt.
burtreicSar-maftr, m. tilter ; -vapn,
n. tilt-weapon.
burt-stong, f. a lance for tilting.
busil-kinna, f. a woman with fat or
chubby cheeks.
busl, n. bustle ', commotion (pa 1 va>u
godin i busli miklu).
buss, m. box, boxwood.
bust, f. (i) bristle burst ; (2) a kind
offish.
busti, m.= bursti.
buza, f . a sort of merchant- ship.
bu, n. (i) household, farming ; pat
er bu, er ma6r hefir malnytan smala,
/'/ is ' bu ', if a man has a milking
stock ; g0ra, setja, reisa bu, to set up
a home for oneself; bregSa bui, to
give up farming ; eiga bu vi6 e-n, to
share a household with one ; fara bui,
to remove one's household ; vera fyrir
bui, to manage a household ; bua bui
sinu, to have ones own household ';
bua umegQar-bui, to have many de-
pendants (unable to work) ; (2) the
stock of a farmstead (sumir la"gu uti a"
fjollum me8 bu sin) ; drepa ni6r bu,
hoggva bu, to kill or destroy one*s
stock; (3) housekeeping; fa" til busins,
to procure necessaries for the main-
tenance of the household; einskis
purfti i bu at biflja, there was plenty
of everything; (4) Jarm, estate;
fara milli bua sinna, to go from
one estate to another; eiga bu, to
own an estate; (5) home, house
(rei5 Hrutr heim til bus sins) ; vera
at or a" bui me6 e-m, to live at one's
house.
bua (by ; bjo, bjoggum or bjugg-
um ; buinn), v. (i) to prepare,
make ready ; b. skip i for, to make a
ship ready for a voyage ; b. ferS sina,
to make ready for a journey (voyage) ;
b. veizlu, to prepare (make prepara-
tions) for a feast; b. mal a hendr
e-m, to take out a summons against
one, begin a lawsuit; (2) to dress,
attire, adorn, ornament; bjo hon
hana sem hon kunni bezt, she dressed
her as well as she could; sd peir
konur vel bunar, well dressed; b. bed,
rekkju, to make a bed; b. ondvegi,
hus, to make a high seat, adorn a
hoiise (for a feast) ; 611 umgjordin var
buin gulli ok silfri, adorned (mounted'}
with gold and silver; vapn buit
mjok, much ornamented; (3) to fix
one's abode in a jzV<7<r, = byggja (pegar
munu jotnar AsgarS b.) ; (4) to deal
with, to treat ; |>eir bjuggu bui sem
peim likaQi, they treated it as they
liked, viz. recklessly ; Haraldr bjo
heldr usparliga kornum Sveins, used
S.'s stores rather unsparingly ; (5) to
live, dwell (b. i tjoldum) ; peir bjuggu
par um nottina, they stayed there
during the night; sd ma5r bjo a
skipi (had his berth) ncest Haraldi ;
(6) to have a household (cattle, sheep,
and milk) ; me6an pu vilt b., as long
as thou wilt keep house; b. a or at,
with the name of the place added in
dat., to live at or in (hann bjo a
Velli ; Gunnar bjo at HliSarenda) ;
(7) to be, = vera (skip pau oil, er d
vatni bua) ; b. i skapi, brjosti e-m, to
be, dwell in one's mind (eigi byr per
litit i skapi) ; synandi pa" hjartaliga
gle6i, er \ brjosti byr, that fills the
breast; (8) to behave, conduct oneself
(bjuggu peir par fremr ufridliga) ;
(9) with preps., b. af e-u, to lose ; lata
e-n af baugum b., to let him be de-
prived of his riches ; b. at e-u, to
/raz/, = b. e-u (cf. 4) ; peir hofQu spurt
hvern veg f>6rolfr haf6i buit at her-
bergjum peirra, how Th. had treated
their premises ; b. e-t fyrir, to prepare
(peir hlutir, er gud hefir fyrir buit
BUA
[77]
BUD
sinum dstvinum) ; b. fyrir, to be
present (hann cellar, at SelJ>6rir
muni fyrir b. i hverju holti) ; b. hja
konu, to lie with a 'woman ; b. i e-u,
to be at the bottom of ) = b. undir e-u
(en i ]3essu vinattumerki bjuggu enn
fleiri h.utir) ; b. med e-m or e-rri, to
cohabit with ; b. med konu, to lie
with ; b. saman, to live together (as
husband and wife, as friends) ; to
have a common household (ef menn
bua saman) ; b. e-t til, to prepare,
take the preparatory steps in a case
(b. sok, mal, vigsmal til, cf. i) ; b. til
veizlu, to prepare for a feast ; b. til
seydis, to get the fire ready for cook-
ing', b. til vetrsetu, to make prepara-
tions for a winter abode ; b. um e-n,
to make one's bed (var buit um >a
jporodd a seti ok logdust J)eir til
svefns) ; f>6rolfr Idt setja upp skip
sitt ok um b., he had his ship laid lip
and fenced round ; kvadu nu Gudrunu
eiga at b. um rauda skor Bolla, said
that G. would have to dress B's (her
husband's) bloody head \ b. um and-
virki, to fence and thatch hayricks ;
at b. sva um, at aldri matti vokna, to
pack it up so that it could not get
wet ; b. 5va" um, at (with subj.), to
arrange it so, that ; b. eigi urn heilt
vid e-n, to be plotting something
against one ; b. um nokkurn skoll, to
brood over some mischief (deceit) ; b.
um grun, to be suspicious ; b. um
hverfan hug, to be fickle-minded; gott
er um oruggt at b., to be in a safe
position ; b. undir e-u, to be subject
to, suffer, endure (hart mun J>ykkja
undir at b.) ; eiga undir slikum ofsa
at b., to have to put up with such
insolence ; to be the (hidden) reason
of, to be at the bottom of (J)at bjo J)ar
undir, at hann vildi taka rikit undir
sik) ; ]3er vitid g0rst, hvat ydr byr
undir ("what reason you have) at girn-
ast ema utlenda mey ; b. e-n veg
vid e-n, to behave or act so and so
towards one ; sart byr JDU nu vid mik,
fcora, thou treatest me sorely ; b. vid
e-t, to enjoy (J>u byr vid eilifa ast ok
bi8r eilifra ombuna) ; to submit to,
put up with ; ok mun eigi vid f>at
mega b., it will be too hard to bide;
b. yfir e-u, to hide, conceal ; framhlutr
ormsins byr yfir eitri, is venomous ;
litill bukr byr yfir miklu viti, little
body holds mickle wit ; b. yfir brogd-
um, fla^rd ok velum, to brood over
tricks, falsehood, and deceit ; (10) refl.,
buast, to make oneself ready, get
ready (bjuggust {)eir at ri(3a austr) ;
b. ferSar sinnar, to make oneself ready
for a journey ; = b. at fara (b. or
f>randheimi ; b. ut til Islands, b. d
land upp) ; bjuggust >eir fostbrceSr i
hernad, they prepared to go on a free-
booting trip ; b. til bardaga, to make
oneself ready for a batile ; b. fyrir, to
have one's own household (J)at t>ing
skal scekja bondi hverr, er byst fyrir
ok bondanafn berr) ; b. um ( = bua
um sik), to make one's own bed, to
make oneself comfortable, to encamp
(var hor5 veSratta, svd at ekki matti
uti um buast) ; b. viQ e-u, to prepare
for a thing (b. vi8 veizlu, bo8i) ; b.
(vel, kristiliga) vid dau5a sinum, to
Prepare for one's death ; b. vid vetri,
to provide for the winter ; absol., b.
vi6, to make preparations (nu r!6a h^r
uvinir fn'nir at f>er ; skaltu sva vid
buast, get ready to meet them}.
bua-gretLur, f. pi. quarrel between
neighbours ; -kvitSr, m. verdict of
neighbours ; -kvotS, f. summoning of
neighbours.
buandi (pi. buendr), m. = bondi.
buand-karl, m. farmer (-karl eda
porpari) ; -ligr, a. peasant-like, stout,
sturdy; -ma<5r, m. = bondi.
bua- vir Sing, f. a fixing compensa-
tion by verdict of neighbours (buar).
bu(5, f. (i) temporary dwelling,
booth ; farmanna biidir, merchants'
booths ; esp. of the temporary dwellings
at the Icelandic parliament ; tjalda
b., to fit up a booth (with tent-roof
and hangings) ; (2) abode, dwelling-
place ; fara biidtim, to change one's
abode ; hafa harda, kalda b., to have
a hard, cold abode.
butS (= buid, buit), used as adv.,
may be ; b. sva se til actlat, may be, it
will come so to happen ; b. eigi hendi
hann slika ugiptu i annat
BUDAR-DVOL
[78]
BUINN
he will not have such misfortune
again.
buftar-dvol, f. dwelling in a booth ;
-dyrr, f. pi. door of a booth ; -gogn,
n. pi. utensils of a booth ; -hamarr,
m. a rock upon which a booth is
erected ; -ketill, m. booth-kettle ;
-kviftr, m. a sort of verdict given by
the inmates of a booth ; -lift, n. the
inmates of a booth ; -ma<5r, m. inmate
cf a booth ; -nagli, m. booth-peg ;
-rum, n. lodging in a booth (bioj'a,
kvedja e-n -rums) ; -sund, n. passage,
lane between two booths ; -topt, f. the
walls of a (deserted) booth ; -veggr,
m. the wall of a booth ; -verftr, m.=
-vor6r ; -virki, n. a fortification
round a booth ; -vist, f. lodging in a
booth (hafa -vist me6 e-m) ; -vcrftr
(gen. -varftar), m. (i) cooking ;
cookery ; halda -vor8, to take care of
the cookery ; (2) food, meat ; eigi
haf5a ek pina ve5ra mer til -varSar,
the rams of thy flock I have not eaten ;
ra"6a til -var&ar, to prepare for a
meaL
bu(5-seta, f. living in a cottage.
buftsetu-matSr, m. cottager (peir eru
buSsetumenn en eigi bcendr).
butSu-nautr, m. fellow-inmate of,
companion in, a booth.
bu-far, n. household condition ;
-f6, n. Jive stock, esp. the milch
kine\ -fellir, m. starvation of live
stock; -fenafrr, m.=-fe; -ferill (pi.
-ferlar), m. mover of one's household;
-ferli, n. chattels belonging to a
household; fara -ferli sinu, to remove,
change one's household and home ;
esp. live stock ; hafcH hann med ser
skuldaliS (dependants, family] ok
-ferli (live stock] ; -ferski, n. domestic
or household utensils.
bufjar-abyrgft, f. responsibility for
bufe' ; -eyrir, m. value in live stock ;
-foftr, n. food for cattle; -gangr, m.
= -hagar; -hagar, m. pi. pasture-
fields on an estate, esp. the home-
pastures ; -hagr, m. condition of the
live stock ; -hald, n. keeping of live
stock ; -laust, a. n. without "live stock
(bua -laust) ; -leiga, f. rent of live
stock; -matr, m. food for cattle,
stores of fodder; -vegr, m. cattle-
track.
bu-foersla, f. removing of one's
household; -fong, n. pi. household
necessaries; -gagn, n. household
#/7z.$7y, = busgagn ; -garftr, m. farm
(esp. a big one) ; -g0r<5, f. making a
household in a place ; -hagi, m.
Pasture ; -hlifS, f. a saving of house-
hold provisions ; -hlutr, m. an im-
plement of htisbandry ; -hofn, f.
pasture-field; -hogg, n. slaughtering
of cattle.
bui, m. (i) dweller, inhabitant, esp.
in compds. (berg-, hellis-, ein-bui) ;
helvitis buar, inhabitants of hell ;
himna buar, inhabitants of heaven,
angels; (2) neighbour=nb\\\ (Stein-
olfr b. bans) ; (3) a law term, neigh-
bour acting as juror ; kveoj'a bua, to
summon the neighbours.
bui-griftungr, m. a bull kept at the
mountain- dairy, opp. to * heima-g ' ;
-matSr, m. neighbour-man.
buinn, pp. (cf. 'bua'), (i) prepared,
fit, adapted ; ek em gamall ok litt til
b. at (little fit to} hefna sona minna ;
(2) b. at e-u, endowed with (at flestum
iprottum vel b.) ; (3) ready, willing;
margir munu bunir at kaupa, ready,
willing to buy ; engir munu syna sik
bunari (more willing] til li<3veizlu ;
with gen., b. peirrar ferSar, ready to
make that journey ; (4) b. til e-s, vi6
e-u, on the point of; hann var b. til
falls, he was jttst about to tumble ;
var buit vi6 vd3a miklum, there was
an imminent danger; (5) sva" buit, as
matters stand, tJms ; eigi ma hly6a
sva b., it will not do thus, something
else mtist be done; stendr nu sva b.
um hriQ, matters stand thus (un-
changed] for a while ; peir segja
Eyjolfi til sva" buins, they tell Eyolf
the present state of things ; per skulut
ganga med vapnum, en berjast eigi
sva buit, not fight as yet ; at sva"
bunu, as matters stand (hann kvaSst
ekki fysast til Islands at sva bunu) ;
at present, as yet (penna draum
segjum ver engum at sva bunu) ; vid
svo buit, thus, things being so (peir
skildu vid svd buit).
BIT-KARL
[79J
BtTS-TILSKIPAN
bu-karl, m. farmer, = buand-karl.
buk-digr, a. thick- set (in body}.
bu-ketill, m. large kettle ; -koatr,
m. (i) household provisions, stores;
(2) livelihood, trade (er pat biikostr
peirra ok skemtan at scekja sjoinn) ;
-kot, n. small farm, cottage.
biikr (-s, -ar), m. (i) ^body, trunk,
esp. the trunk without the head', (2)
buk-reki, m. skin or leather bag (for
holding liquids).
bii-lag, n. joint housekeeping',
-land, n. home land ; -lauss, a.
having no household ; -leiga, f . rent
of cattle.
bulka-brun, f. the edge of the
1 bulki ' ; -stokkar, m. pi. the bulwark
fencing the ' bulki ' in the middle of
the ship.
bulki, m. cargo (stowed in the
middle of the ship, cf. fyrir framan or
aptan bulka) ; binda bulka, to bind
bulk, cover in the hold ; leysa (rjufa,
brjota) bulka, to break bulk.
bu-matSr, m. (\) husbandman,
farmer (-maSr sa(5i akr sinn) ; (2) =
busyslumadr ; -madr mikill. a skilled,
stirring husbandman ; -missa, f. loss
in stock.
bunaftar-balkr, m. the section of
law about household matters ; -ma(5r,
m. = buma5r; -munr, m. = bunings-
munr.
bunatSr (gen. -ar), m. (i) household,
housekeeping ; reisa, setja bunad =
reisa, g0ra bu, to set up a household ;
fara bunaQi sinum = fara buferli, to
remove one's household', (2) equip-
ment, dress, = bun'mgr ; (3) prepara-
tions (for a voyage, freebooting
expedition, &c.) ; (4)=btiningr 4.
bu-nautn, f., in the phrase, til
-nautnar,y^r household use.
buningr, m. ( I ) dress, attire,
apparel', (2) equipment of a ship
(rei<5i ok b.) ; (3) the dressing and
arrangement of a table ; (4) orna-
ments (kyrtill me6 buningi).
bunings-bot, f. improvement in
dress ; -lauss, a. without orna-
ments ; -munr, m. difference in
apparel.
bu-nyt, f. milk of sheep and cattle ;
-prestr, m. a priest having a home-
stead or farm.
bur, n. (i) women's apartment; (2)
Pantry (bur pat er konur hafa
matrei<5u i) ; (3) storehouse.
bu-rakki, m. farm-dog ; -ra5, n.
house/mid management \ -ran, n. a
kind of robbery, theft (to the amount
of three cows at least or three cows'
value].
bur-brot, n. breaking into a pantry ;
-dyrr, f. pi. pantry-door ; -hilla, f.
pantry- shelf \ -hringr, m. the door
ting of a ' burhurd ' ; -hundr, m.
watch-dog at a storehouse ; -hurtS, f.
the door of a ( bur ' ; -hvalr, m. a sort
of whale, cachalot (?).
bu-risna, f. munificent or hospitable
house-keeping.
bur-lykill, m. pantry-key.
biirs-hringr, m. = burhringr ;
-hurcS, f. =burhurd.
bus-afleifar, f. pi. remains of stores ;
-buhlutir, m. pi. implements of hus-
bandry ; -efni, n. pi. household goods ;
-far, n. = bufar ; -forraS, n. pi.
management of hoiisehold affairs, =
bura6 (taka til -forrada = taka vi6
buraSum) ; -gagn, n. = bugagn ;
-g0r<5, f. = bug0r3; -hlutir, m. pl.=
-buhlutir ; -hoegindi, n. pi. help
towards keeping a household.
bu-sifjar, f. pi. relations between
neighbours ; g65ar busifjar, good
neighbourhood', var ilia i -sifjum
peirra, they were not on good terms
as neighbours ; veita e-m pungar
-sifjar, to be a troublesome neighbour
to one.
bus-kerfi, n. hoitsehold utensils,
buferski.
bu-skjola, f. milk-pail '; -skor^r, m.
failure of stores; -skylft, a. n., hafa
-skylft, to have an expensive house-
hold.
buslite-macSr, m. a ' bondi ' without
homestead (cf. slita bui sinu).
bu-smali, m. cattle, esp. milch cows ;
-stac5r, m. dwelling-place, abode; taka
se'r -stad, to fix one's abode.
bus-tilskipan, f. settling of a
household.
BU-STJORN
[80]
BYRDINQS-MADB
bii-stijorn, f. management of house-
hold affairs ; -styra, f. a female
housekeeper.
bus-umsvif, n. pi. household cares ;
-umsysla, f. management of a 'bu'.
bu-sysla, f. household business.
busyslu-maftr, m.=buma5r (-ma5r
mikill).
bu-verk, n. dairy work (milking,
churning and the like) ; -pegn, m.
husbandman (boendr ok -{>egnar) ;
illr -pegn, a bad (evil] husbandman.
bygcS, f. (l) colonization (fra Islands
b.) ; (2) abode, habitation ; setja,
hefja b. sina e-s stadar, to fix one's
abode in a place ; foera b. sina, to
remove ; banna (lofa, leyfa) e-m b.,
to forbid (allow) one to settle in a
place ; (3) inhabited land or district,
opp. to ' ubygdir ', deserts.
bygftar-fleygr, -fleyttr, a. rumoured
through the district ; -lag, n. district,
neighbourhood', taka se'r -lag i e-m
stao, to set fie in a place.
bygt$arlags-ma(5r, m. inhabitant of
a district.
bygftar-land, n. land for settling
on ; taka se'r -land e-s staSar, to settle
in a place ; -leyfi, n. leave to settle ;
-lyftr, m., -menn, m. pi. inhabitants
of a district', -romr, m. rumour
going about in the neighbourhood;
-stefna, f. district-meeting.
bygtS-fleygr, -fleyttr, a. = bygSar-
fleyttr.
bygg, n. barley ; -braut$, n. barley -
bread ; -hjalmr, m. barley-rick ;
-hlatSa, f. barley-barn ; -hleifr, m.
barley-loaf', -hus, n. = -hla5a.
-byggi (pi. -byggjar), m. inhabitant ;
only in plur. compds. (fram-, aptur-,
stafn-, Eyr-byggjar).
byggiligr, a. habitable.
bygging, f. letting out land for
rent (b. jarSar).
byggja (-fta, -(5r), v., older form
byggva ; (l) to settle in a place, as
colonist ; sumar pat, er peir Ingolfr
foru at b. Island, when I. went otit to
settle in Iceland; Ingolfr byg6i fyrstr
landit, was the first settler; absol.,
Helgi byg5i norSr i Eyjafir6i, settled
in E. ; (2) to people (eptir NoafloS
liffiu ^tta menn, er byg6u heiminn) ;
Island bygSist (was peopled] or Nor-
ve gi 5 (3) to inhabit, live in a country
(pa" er landit haf6i sex tigi vetra bygt
verit) ; pess get ek, at menn byggi
husit, that the house is inhabited ; b.
bee, to settle on a farm (hann bygQi
boe pann er f Eyju heitir) ; absol.,
kona, er bygSi (lived) \ einum afdal ;
hvar byggir pu, where dwellest thouf;
(4) to dwell in, occupy (b. holl, belli) ;
b. eina sseng, to share the same bed
(of a married couple ; also absol., b.
med e-rri) ; byg6i hann i skipum, he
dwelt (lived) in ships.
byggja (-$a, -<5r), v. (i) to let out
(konungr ma" b. almenning hverjum
sem hann vill) ; mi byggir ma6r
dyrra (lets out at a higher rent] en
vandi hefir a" verit ; (2) to lend money
at interest (engi skal b. dautt fe" a"
leigu) ; Hriitr byg5i allt fe'it, H. put
all the money out at interest ; (3) b.
frasndsemi, sifjar, to enter into a
marriage with a relation or one allied
by marriage (in such or such degree) ;
pat var bannat at b. sva" na"it at
fra^ndsemi, intermarriage between so
near relations was forbidden.
byggjandi (pi. -jendr), m. an in-
habitant ^(borgin ok byggjendrhennar).
bygg-mjol, n. barley-meal; -saft, n.
barley-seed.
byggva, v., older form for ' byggja '.
bylgja (gen. pi. bylgna), f. billow.
bylgju-fall, n. heavy sea; -gangr,
m. swell, sea.
bylgna-gangr, m.=bylgjugrangr.
bylja (bylr, buldi, bulit), v. to
resound, roar (buldi i homrunum).
byljottr, a. gusty (ve5r nokkut
byljott).
bylmingr, m. a sort of bread.
bylr (pi. -ir, dat. -jum). m. squall,
gust of wind ; pa er bylirnir komu,
when the squalls came along.
byrt$, f. birth, descent (rare).
byrfta (-rcSa, -rc5r), v. to weave in
(figures).
byroa, f. a large box or bin.
byrcSi, n. board (side) of a ship.
byrftingr, m. merchant-ship.
byrSings-maftr, m. a merchant-
BYBDINGS-SEQL
[81]
B^EDI
seaman ; -segl, n. the sail of a byrfi-
ingr.
byrcr (-ar, -ar), f. burden, load.
byr-fall, n. dropping of a breeze.
byrgi, n. enclosure, fence.
byrging, f. ( I ) closing, shutting up ;
(2) close, conclusion, end.
byrgis-kona, f. concubine', -maftr,
m. paramour', -skapr, m. concu-
binage.
byrgja (-tSa, -Sr), v. (i) to close,
shut (b. dyrr e<5a vindaugu) ; b. sinn
munn, to shut the mouth ; b. aptr
husit, to close the house ; b. e-n inni,
to shut one in (i husum) ; fig. to out-
wit one (b. e-n inni fyrir vitsmuna
sakir) ; b. e-t fyrir e-m, to exclude
one from ; b. e-n uti, to shut one out ;
b. e-t uti, to prevent, preclude (b. uti
vada) ; (2) b. e-t me6 skommu mail,
to comprise it within a small com-
pass.
byrja (ac5), v. (i) to originate (or
himninum byrjast 611 gcezka) ; (2) to
beget, esp. in pass., byrjast, to be
begotten (d. peirri somu nott sem hann
byrjaSist) ; (3) to enter upon, begin ;
b. fer6 sina, to begin one's journey ;
(4) b. mdl e-s, to plead (support] ones
cause (ek skal b. pitt mal sem ek
kann) ; b. rceSu, to deliver a speech
(= flytja rcefiu) ; hefir pii fram byrjat
(stated) erendi pitt.
byrja (a<5), v. impers. with dat. to
behove, beseem ; sem byrjar (as it
behoves} hlyflnum syni ; sem peim
byrjaSi at manntali, in due proportion
to their number.
byrja (atS), v. impers., e-m byrjar
vel (ilia), one gets fair (foul) wind
(byrjaSi peim vel um haustit).
byrjan-ligr, a. that is to begin.
byrjar-gol, n. gentle breeze.
byrla (at5), v. to pour out ; byrlar
hann i hornin, he fills out the cups ;
with dat., to serve (a cup) to one
(SnjofriS byrlaSi ker mjadar fullt
konungi).
byrlar i, m. cup-bearer.
byr-lei<5i, n. favourable wind (fa
gott -Iei6i) ; -16ttr, a. gently blowing;
leysa, f. lack of fair wind.
byrli, m.=byrlari.
byr-ligr, a. promising a fair wind
(pvi at ekki er -ligtj ; ekki -ligr
draumr, a bad dream ; -litill, a.
faintly blowing with fair wind.
byrr (-jar, -ir), m. fair wind ; e-m
gefr vel byri (ace. pi. ), one gets a fair
wind', bifla byrjar, liggja til byrjar,
to wait, lie by, for a fair wind ; b.
rennr a, a fair breeze begins to blow ;
b. tekr at vaxa, the wind freshens.
byrsta (-sta, -str), v. (i) to furnish
with bristles ; (2) to cover as with
bristles ; borg gulli byrst, with the
gable-head mounted with gold ; (3)
refl., byrstast, to bristle up, to show
anger.
byrstr, pp. set with bristles ; fig.
exasperated.
byr-ssBll, a. lucky in getting fair
wind; -vsenligr, -veenn, a. promising
a fair wind.
bysja (busti), v. to gush (busti bl63
d, brimis eggjar).
bytna (ac5), v. to come to the bottom.
bytta, f. small htb, pail, bucket.
byttu-austr, m. baling (a. ship) with
buckets.
byxa (-ta, -t), v., b. ser, to jump
(si6an byxti hann s6r d. sjomnj.
byxing, f. violent tossing.
by, n. bee ; -fluga, f. = by ; -flygi, n.
= -flugur.
byfur, f. pi. clumsy feet ; r&ta b., to
stretch out the legs.
byr (-jar, -ir), m. = bcer.
bysn, n. and f. wonder, portent
(petta eru stor b.).
bysna (a<5), v. (i) to bode, portend
(petta bysnar tjon ok sorg) ; (2) b.
skal til batnaSar, things must run to
an extreme before they get better.
bysna-vetSr, n. portentous weather ;
-vetr, m. a winter of portents.
by-stokkr, m. bee-hive.
byta (-tta, -tt), v. (i) to deal out
(bytti Hrafn silfrinu) ; (2) to exchange
(byttum vi6 jordum okkar).
byti, n. exchange, barter.
bastSi (n. dual from ' ba5ir ', used as)
conj., (i)b. .. ok, both .. and; b. vitr
ok framgjarn, both wise and bold ; b.
at lasrdomi ok vitrleik ok atgervi,
both in learning, and wisdom, and
ICEL. DICT.
[82]
BCETA
accomplishments ; (2) b. .. enda,0M
. . and also, and indeed.
beegi-fotr, m. ' lame-foot ', a nick-
name of one who was 'haltr'.
bseging, f. thwarting.
bseginn, a. cross-grained.
bfflgja (-8a, -t), v. (i) /tf make one
give way, to push, with dat. ; b. skipi
or laegi, to push the ship from her
moorings', b. heraSsvist, to remove
from the district ; honum bsegfli ve3r
ok bar hann til eyja peirra er Sylling-
ar heita, the weather drove him out
of his coiirse and he was carried to
the Stilly islands', (2) to hinder (ef
eigi baegja nauQsynjar peirra) ; (3)
refl., baegjast vid e-n, to quarrel
or strive with one (pd vill hann
eigi vifl pa baegjast).
beala (-da, -dr), v. to consume by
fire (brenna ok b.).
baara (-Si, -t), v. impers., gekk ain
undir pat p er meirr baerdi, when
the waves (baiur) rose higher.
bSBri-ligr, a. (i) able to be carried
(-ligr a herSum) ; (l}fit, seemly.
bcerr, a. entitled to ; b. er hverr at
ra5a sinu, every one has a right to
dispose of his own property.
baesa (-ta, -tr), v. to drive cattle
into the stall (=basa).
bseaingr, in. (one born in a bass), a
child of an outlawed mother.
bosjar-biskup, m. town bishop ;
-bruni, m. burning of a town or
farm-house ; -bygft, f. town- district ;
-folk, n. =-menn; -gjald, n. town-
rate; -lyftr, m. =-menn ; -IcgmaSr,
m. town-justice ; -maSr, m. ( I ) in-
habitant of a town ; -menn, towns-
folk, townsmen ; (2) citizen ; -seta, f.
dwelling (stay] in town; -starf, n.,
-sysla, f. town office.
bceki-skogr, m. beech-wood (svin er
ganga i bcekiskogi).
boeklingr, m. little book, booklet.
bosli, n. (i) den, lair; (2) farm,
dwelling.
boen (pi. -ir), f. request, prayer', er
su b. allra var, at, we all beg, that;
skaltu veita mer b. pa (grant me the
request), er ek mun biSja pik ; fel'a b.
at e-m, til e-s, to entreat one ; gera
e-t at been e-s, at his entreaty or
prayer ; vera (liggja) d boenum, to
be at prayers bi<3ja b. sinni, boenar
sinnar til gu5s, to pray to God; g65r
bcena, ready or willing to grant a
request (konungr var g63r boena).
boena (-da, -dr), v. to request, en-
treat, pray (b. e-n).
boena-fullting, n. the support of
prayers ; -g0rt5, f. = -hald, n. (say-
ing] prayers (H. gekk hverja nott til
kirkju til -halds).
boanahalds-matSr, m. one who
prays, religious man (-ma5r mikill).
boena-hus, n. = boenhus ; -kail, n.
calling upon (God) in prayer;
-kraptr, m. power of prayer.
boanar-br6f, n. petition ; -ortS, n. pi.
(1) entreaty, prayer; (2) wooing,
courtship; -staftr, m. (i) place of
worship ; (2) request, entreaty (pat
er -sta6r minn til allrar alpySu, at) ;
-timi, m. hour of prayers.
boena-staftr, m. (i) = boenarsta5r I.;
(2) = boenarsta6r 2. ; d pvi er mdr
-staQr, at, 7 beg, that ; gera e-t fyrir
-staS e-s, to do a thing at one's inter-
cession ; -traust, n. confidence in one's
prayer or intercession (fela sik undir
-traust e-s).
bosn-bifast (at5), v. refl. to be moved
by prayers; -heyrtSr, pp. willing to
hear one's prayers ; (gorast -heyrQr
vic$ e-n) ; -hus, n. house of prayer,
chapel ; -roskinn, a. diligent in
prayer.
beer (gen. boejar, pi. -ir, dat. -jum),
m. (i) farmhouse, farmstead; reisa,
gera, setja bee, efna til boejar, to build
a farmstead; (2) farm, landed estate
(nu bua tveir menn d einum boe ec5a
fleirij ; (3) town ; \ boe ok i herao c i =
i kaupangri ok i heraSi ; borgir ok
boeir, castles and towns.
bosta (-tta, -ttr), v. (i) to better,
improve (ar pasr, sem mikit boeta
landit) ; b. ra5 sitt (to better one's
condition} ok biSja konu ; b. aptr, to
restore; b. at e-u, to repair; b. upp
borg, to repair it; (2) to make up for,
compensate; ef per vilit eigi b. (make
up for) pat er per hafit brotit ; b.
glcep sinn, syndir sinar, to atone for
BCETANDI
[83]
DAGMALA-TID
one's crime, sins ; b. e-m e-t, to com-
pensate one for a thing (= b. e-t vi<5
e-n) ; Styrr vd. mb'rg vig, en boetti
engi (viz. vig 1 , S. slew many men,
but paid for none; b. mann fe (dat.),
to pay were gild for one slain (Hrafn-
kell bcetti engan mann fe) ; b. sdl
sina, to devote one's efforts to the
saving of one's soul; b. um e-t, to
improve a thing; ekki bcetist um,
matters grow worse ; b. ynr e-t, to
make good again, redress ; (3) to heal,
restore to health ; gu3 boetti honum
af J)essi sott. God healed him of that
disease ; with gen. of the disease ; b.
e-m sinnar vanheilsu, to restore one
to health ; refl., e-m boetist, one gets
better, is restored to health ; with gen.
of the disease (bcettist Bua augna-
verkjarins).
boetandi (pi. -endr), m. one who
has to pay weregild.
bcettr, pp. (cf. 'bceta') atoned for ;
er mer ekki sonr minn at boettari,
f)6tt Bolli se drepinn, my son's death
is none the more atoned' for though B.
is slain ; ok er eigi at bcettra, pott,
things are no better, though.
bosxl, n. shoulder of a dragon ;
flipper of a whale.
bbft (gen. boftvar), f. poet, battle.
boft-frcekinn, a. valiant in battle ',
warlike.
boftvast (aft), v. refl. to become
quarrelsome (bo6va5ist at vini).
boggull, m. a small bag, bundle, a
nickname.
bol (dat. bolvi ; gen. pi. bolva), n.
bale, misfortune (pa" er botin nasst, er
bolit er haest).
bol-bcen, f. imprecation ; -fengi f.
malice ; -fenginn, a. evil-minded.
bollottr, a. ball-shaped, round like
a ball (bollott eggskurn).
bollr (gen. ballar, dat. belli; pi.
bellir, ace. bollu), m. (i) ball, globe
(b. jarSar) ; (2) b. svinfylkingar, the
front of a phalanx.
bol-rann, n. house of woe ; -stafir,
m. pi. ' evil runes ', misfortune.
bolva (aft), v. (l) to curse, with dat. ;
(2) to swear.
bolvan, f. curse, imprecation.
bolva-smiSr, m. the contriver of
mischief (Loki).
bol-vi3-, a. ' balewise ', malignant,
mischievous.
borkr (gen. barkar, dat. berki), m.
bark (a berki ok a ba3mi).
borr, m. a kind of tree ; b. skjaldar,
warrior (poet.).
borur, f. pl. = barar, barir.
D
dafla (at5), v. to dabble (splash] with
the oars Q>u skalt d. \ drum).
dafna (aft), v. to thrive (hann nam
at vaxa ok vel dafna).
daga (aft), v. impers., to dawn;
eptir um morguninn er trautt var
dagat, at early dawn ; e-n dagar uppi,
the day dawns upon one (of dwarfs
and giants).
daga-kaup, n. daily wages ; fara
me5 -kaup. to work for daily wages,
be a day-labourer.
dagan, f. dawn, daybreak.
daga-tal, n. tale of days.
dag-baft, n. daily bath ; -bolli, m.
'day-bowl' (a vessel containing
sufficient wine for a whole day) ;
-drykkja, f. day-drinking (beginning
after the ' dagverSr ') ; -far, n., in the
phrase, fara -fari (dat.) ok ndttfari, to
travel day and night; -fast a, {.fast-
ing by day ; -fatt, a. n., in the phrase,
e-m verSr -fatt, the day is not long
enough for one ; -ferft, -for, f. day s
journey ; -ganga, f. day's walk ;
-langr, a. day-long, lasting all day
(-langt erfiSi) ; -langt, as adv., all
through the day ; -leift, f. day's
journey (fara fullum dagleiSum) ;
-lengis. adv. all day long, = -langt ;
-liga, adv. daily, every day ; -ligr, a.
daily, occurring every day ; -mal, n.
pi. the time about 9 o'clock a.m.
dagmala-skeift, n., -tift, f.=dagml.
DAG-MESSA
[84]
DANMDRK
dag-messa, f. day-mass (held at
* dagmil ') ; -mogr, m. * son of the
day ', poet. man.
dagr (gen. dags, dat. degi; pi.
dagar), m. (l) day ; at kveldi skal
dag leyfa, at eventide shall the day be
praised ; dagr kemr upp i austri, sezt
i vestri, the day rises in the east, sets
in the west ; ondverdr d., the early
day, forenoon ; miSr d., midday ;
hallandi d., declining day ; at kveldi
dags, si5 dags, late in the day ; sannr
(em d., true as day ; i dag, to-day ; a"
sar um) daginn, during the day ;
sama dags, the same day ; annan dag,
the next day ; annars dags, a?iother
day ; hindra dags, the day after,
to-morrow ; dag fra degi, hvern dag
fra 65rum, from day to day ; dag
eptir dag, day after day ; nott ok dag,
night and day ; dogunum optar,
more times than there are days, over
and over again ; a deyjanda degi, on
one 's death-day ; (2) pi., days, times;
ef aSrir dagar (better days] koma ;
goSir dagar, happy days ; (3) esp. pi.,
lifetime ; a dogum e-s, um daga e-s,
in the days of, during or in the reign
of', eptir minn dag, when I am dead
(gaf honum alia sina eign eptir sinn
dag) ; matti hann eigi lengr gefa en
um sina daga, than for his lifetime ;
ra"6a (taka) e-n af dogum, to put to
death.
dag-raft, n. (i) convenient time (for
doing a thing) ; (2) leita -ra5s, to be an
observer of days or times (menn skulu
eigi leita -rads at syslu sinni) ; -roftr,
m. day's rowing-, -sannr, a. plain
(true) as day ; u segir -sanna ( = hit
sanna), the obvious truth.
dags-brim, f. the first streak of day-
light, daybreak.
dag-setr, n. nightfall (um kveld
naer -setri).
dagsetrs-skeift, n. the time about
nightfall.
dag-sett, pp. n., er -sett var, when
the day was at an end, at nightfall.
dags-hald, n. the celebration of a
day ; -helgr (gen. -helgar), f.
hallowedness of a day.
dag-skemtan, f. pastime; -skjarr,
a. shunning the daylight ; -slatta, f.
day's mowing ( = three quarters of an
acre of grassland).
dags-]jos, n. daylight; -magn, n.,
at -magni oernu, in full daylight ;
-munr, m. a day's difference (sva at
-mun ser a).
dag-starf, n. day's work; -stingr,
m. daybreak (rare) ; -stjarna, f. the
morning star; -stund, f. (i) day
time, a whole day ; (2) an hour of the
day ; -stoatt, a. n. fixed as to the day
(eigi hofum ver fundit -stcett, nser
signadr Thomas var kjorinn til erki-
biskups).
dags-upprds, f. dawn, daybreak ;
-verk, n. = dagstarf.
dag-tiSir, f. pi. day-service ; -timi,
m. the time of daylight.
dag-veizla, f. help to win the day.
dagverc$ar-bor(5, n. day -meal table
(sitja, snaeQa, at -bor3i) ; -drykkja, f.
tJie drinking after dagverSr, = dag-
dry kkja ; -mal, n. tJie time of the day-
meal.
dag-verftr (-vertSar, -ver Si, pi.
-verSir), m. 'day-meal* (the chief
meal, taken at the time of 'dagmal'),
= dogurSr ; -villr, a. not knowing
what day it is, daga villr ; -voxtr,
m. growth of a day; vaxa -voxtum,
to grow visibly day by day ; -J>ing, n.
appointed meeting, conference ; -{>inga
(atS), v. negotiate (vid e-n um e-t) ;
-bingan, f. (i) negotiation ; (2) agree-
ment between parties.
dala (aft), v. impers. to become
dented (dalacH ekki ne sprakk).
dal-bui, m. = -byggi ; -bygft, f . dale-
country ; -byggi (pi. -jar), m. dweller
in a dale ; -land, n. dale-ground,
dalmatika, f. dalmatic.
dalr (gen. dais, dat. dal or dali ;
pi. dalar or dalir), m. dale, valley
(djupir dalir).
dals-botn, m. bottom (= head] of a
dale ; -mynni, n. mouth of a dale.
dal-verpi, n. little dale.
Dana-kommgr, m. King of the
Danes ; -veldi, n. the Danish empire ;
-virki, n. the Danish wall.
Danir, m. pi. the Danes.
Danmork, f. Denmark.
DANS
[85]
dans, m. (l) dance, dancing-, (2)
dance-tune; sla" d., to strike up a
dance-tune; (3) ballad (peir g0r5u
um hann dansa marga).
dansa (a$), v. to dance.
dan ska, f. Danish (language).
danskr, a. Danish ; donsk tunga,
the Danish (or old Scandinavian]
language.
dans-leikr, m. dance, dancing.
dapi, m. pool, puddle, a nickname,
dapr (ace. dapran), a. downcast,
sad', of things, dreary (d. dagr,
daprar naetr, dopr heimkynni).
daprast (acS), v. refl. to become
faint ; dapraSist honum sundit, the
swimming became difficult for him.
dapr-eygSr, ^.weak-sighted; -ligr,
a. dismal, sad; daprlig asjona, a sad
look ; daprlig kona, a dismal-looking
woman ; daprligir draumar, dismal
dreams.
darr, n. spear, dart; darratSr (gen.
-ar), m.=darr; vefr darra<5ar, web of
spears, woof of war.
dasatSr, pp. weary and exhausted
(from cold or bodily exertion).
dasaat (at$), v. refl. to become weary
and exhausted.
datta (atS), v. to throb ; dattaSi
hjarta hans vi6, his heart sank.
dautSa-bond, n. pi. (i) bonds of
death ; (2) wrappings for the dead,
winding-sheet; -dagr, m. death- day,
dying day; -domr, m. sentence of
death ; -drep, n. plague ; -dreyri, m.
blood of death ; -drukkinn, pp. dead-
drunk ; -drykkr, m. deadly draught ;
-dvol, f . delay of one's death ; -dcegr,
n. death-day; -dcemdr, pp. doomed
to death ; -fleinn, m. deadly shaft ;
-floes n. plague; -fylgja, f. 'death-
fetch', an apparition boding one's
death ; -jor, f. hell, opp. to 'jord
lifandi manna ', 'udainsakr \paradise ;
-kraptr, m. deadly power; -kvol, f .
death-pang; -kyn, n. manner of
death ; -litr, m. colour (pallor] of
death ; -ma<5r, m. a man doomed to
death ; vilja hafa e-n at -manni, to
seek his life ; -mark, n. sign of death ;
-mein, n. mortal disease; -net, n.
the net of death (draga -net at e-m) ;
, n. = banaorc5 ; segja -or6 e-s. to
relate one's death ; -pina, f. capital
punishment (pola -pmu) ; -raS, n.the
planning of a person's death, = bana-
rd.6 ; -rog, n. deadly slander; -skattr,
m. tribute of death ; -skellr, m. death-
blow ; a" naesta dag eptir datt honum
-skellr, he was surprised by death ;
-skuld, f. the debt of nature (gjalda
-skuld) ; -slag, n. death-blow; veita
e-m -slag, to strike one dead; -slig,
n. deadly strain (of the muscles or
tendons, of a horse) ; -snara, f. snare
of death; -sonr, m. = -maSr ; -s f eytr,
m. = -slag ; -stingr, m. deadly thrust ;
setja e-m -sting, to kill one ; -stund,
f. hour of death ; -svefn, m. deadly
swoon, fatal sleep ; -svertS, n. fatal
sword; -sok, f. (i) cause of one's
death ; (2) matter of death, a deed
deserving death ; -takn, n. token of
death ; -utlegtS, f. penalty of death ;
-verk, n.=-sok 2.
dautS-dagi, m. death, manner of
death ; -drukkinn, pp. = dauSadrukk-
inn ; -fcerandi, pr. p. death-bringing,
deadly (-fceranda gras, eitr).
dautSi, m. deatli ; taka dau5a, to
meet one's death, die ; d. ferr d e-n,
one is stirprised by death ; draga e-m
til dau5a, to cause one s death ; sa
vegr, er til dau6a dregr, that leads to
death ; liggja fyrir daudanum, to be
dying or on the point of death.
dauft-leikr, m. (i) deadness, lifeless-
ness ; (2) the state of being mortal,
mortality ; -liga, adv. mortally ;
-ligr, a. (i) deadly, fatal (-ligr harmr,
-lig synd, -ligt eitr) ; (2) liable to
death, mortal (-ligr maSr).
dau(5r (gen. daucSs), m. = dauQi
(drepa, brenna, e-n til dauds).
daucSr, a. (i) dead; verda, vera, d., to
become dead, die ; falla ni6r d., to drop
down dead ; ganga d., to reappear (of
ghosts), = ganga aptr ; (2) inanimate
(dautt fe", opp. to ' kvikfe ').
dautS-staddr, a. dying, at the point
of death ; -stra, n. pi., in the phrase,
liggja d -stram, to be dying (cf.
'likstra"', 'nastra" ') ; -vana, a. indecl.
= dau6vasnn 2; -vaenn, a. (i) deadly,
fatal (-vasnn drykkr) ; (2) sinking
DAUD-YFLI
[86]
DEILA
fast, past all hope ; -yfli, n. lifeless
thing, carcase.
^ ^
dauf-heyrast (o), v. refl. to turn a
deaf ear to (vi3 e-t) ; -heyrftr, a.
turning a deaf ear to (vi5 e-t) ;
-leikr, m. slothfulness, sloth ; -lig-
leikr, m. dullness; -ligr, a. lonely,
dull (J)6tti honum daufligt).
daufr, a. deaf(dumbir ok daufir).
dauna<5r, a., ilia d., evil-smelling.
daun-mikill, a. having a strong
(bad] smell.
daunn, m. bad smell, opp. to ' ilmr '.
daun-semd, f. stench, stink.
daunsna (a<5), v. to smell (sniff] at.
dauss, m. the two at dice, deiice ;
kasta daus ok s, to throw deuce-ace.
da (dal, da$a, daftr), v. to admire
(daSu menn mjok dans bans) ; refl.,
ddst at e-m, to admire one.
da, n. trance, senseless state (falla i
dd, liggja \ dai).
daft, f. (i) deed; drygja d., to do a
daring deed; (2) valour, energy (ef
nokkur d. er \ >er) ; (3) merit, virtue
(syndalauss ok allra da5a fullr).
dafta-fullr, a. deedful; -lauss, a.
voluptuous, sensual.
da-lauss, a. inactive, sluggish,
spiritless ; -leysi, n. dastardliness ;
-leysingi (pi. -jar), m. a good-for-
nothing, worthless person ; -rakkr, a.
valiant, doitghty ; -semi, f. bravery ;
-vandr, a. virtuous.
daendi or daindi, n. (i) excellence;
(2) admiration ; (3) miracle.
da-leikar, m. pi. intimacy.
da-liga, adv. badly ; -ligr, a. bad,
evil; poor, wretched.
dalkr, m. (i) a pin (to fasten a cloak
with) ; (2) dagger.
damacSr, a. tasted, flavoured (at er
damat allikt mungdti).
dam-goSr, a. well-flavoured.
damr, vs\.flavoitr (illr d.).
danar-arfr, m. inheritance from one
deceased ; -dagr, m., -doegr, n. day of
death ; -f6, n. = -arfr.
ddr, n. scoff; draga d. at e-m, to
make game or jest of one, to ridicule
one ; cf. ' dra '.
dar, a., scarcely used except in the
neut., 'datt/ (i) e-m ver6r datt vid
e-t, one is startled at a thing (v56 >au
ti5endi var5 honum svd datt, sem
hann vasri steini lostinn) ; (2) e-m
verSr datt um e-t, one is pleased with
a thing; sv var dtt med J>eim, at,
they were on such friendly terms that ;
gera s6r datt vid e-n, to be very
familiar with one ; J>a var nu i datt
efni komit, they had come to be good
friends.
dara (a(5), v. (i) to mock, make
sport of one, with ace. ; (2) to impose
upon one ; d. e-t af e-m, to cheat one
out of a thing.
dara-samUgr, a. foolish ; -skapr,
m. (i) scoff, mockery; g0ra -skap at
e-u, to make sport of; (2) imposition,
fraud.
dari, m.fool, buffoon.
daru-skapr, m. = daraskapr.
da-sama (atS), v. to admire ;
-samandi, admirable ; -samliga, adv.
admirably, wonderfully ; -samligr, a.
admirable, wonderful; -semd, f. (i)
admiration ; (2) marvellous glory ;
-semi, f. = -semd.
dasi, m. sluggard.
da-vaenn, a. very pretty.
deging, f. dawn, dawning.
degradera (a$), v. degrade, dismiss
(d. e-n af vigslu).
deig, n. dough.
deigja (-tSa, -t5r), v. to make soft,
to weaken.
deigja, f. servant-maid, dairy-
maid (deigja e5r onnur hjun).
deigr, a. (i) soft, of metal; (2)
timid, cowardly.
deila (-da, -dr), v. (i) to divide into
parts ; su , er deilir me5 jotna
sonum grund ok me6 goQum, that
river which parts the giants and the
gods ; allt f>at land, er vatnsfoll deila
til sjofar, of which the rivers form
the boundaries down to the sea ; vildi
H. bseSi kjosa ok d., H. would both
choose and deal (viz. divide the catch
in shares and choose for himself the
share he liked best) ; lata e-n kjosa
ok d., to give one an arbitrary power
in a case ; with dat. (hversu ma
keisarinn d. ser i tva stacH) ; (2) to
deal out, apportion^ allot; deildr
DEILA
[87]
DEYFA
hlutr, a share allotted to one ; d.
dogurd, mat a" indium, to deal out
portions of food in a household; d.
vig me5 verum, to deal victory fairly
among men ; (3) to distinguish, dis-
cern, = greina ; eptir pat sd sol ok
mdtti pd d. aettir, they could then
discern the quarters of heaven ; d.
liti, to discern colours ; eigi deilir litr
kosti (ace. pi.), colour is no sure test
of the quality ; (4) to busy or occupy
oneself with, deal with (engi maSr d
onnur ma"! at d. 1 kirkju, neina bi5ja
fyrir seV) ; hann vi6 Rig runar deilcli,
he capped runes (spells] with R. ; d .
orSspeki vid e-n, to contend in learning
with one ; pott hringbrotar heiptir
deili, though men hate one another ;
d. knlf ok kjotstykki, to share knife
and meat ; (5) d. vi5 e-n, to quarrel
with one (d. vi6 heimska hali) ;
deili grom vi8 pik, may the fiends
bandy words with thee ; d. um e-t, to
quarrel, contest about ; peir deildu
um (they had a lawsuit about] jarQir ;
d. d e-n, to contena against one ; d.
illyrSum, illdeildum, to chide, abuse
one another ; d. afli, ofriki, vid e-n, to
deal harshly and overbearingly with
one; impers., ef i pat deilir, ff there
be dissent on that point ; ef i deilir
me6 peim, if they disagree ; (6) to be
master of, possess (d. bauga, f6) ; hug
skaltu d., thou shall control thy
mind (feelings] ; par er munud deilir,
when love is concerned, in a matter
of love; (7) refl., deilast, to spread,
branch off "(svd vi5a sem kristni deilist
um heim) ; meSan mer deilist lifit til,
as long as life is granted me ; d. at
e-u, to disagree aboitt a thing.
deila, f. disagreement, contest ; eiga,
halda, deilu vid e-n, to quarrel or
contend with one.
deild, f . ( i ) dole, share ; fara at
deildum, to be parcelled out ; fa illt or
deildum, to get a bad share, be
worsted; i nokkurri &., partly; i a6ra
d., i pridju d., secondly, thirdly; (2)
quarrel, contest, litigation ; leggja
mdl i d., to make a matter the subject
of a lawsuit.
deildar-arfr, m. inheritance in
shares ; -lift, n. strong body of men
that can be divided in detachments.
deili, n. pi. distinctive features ;
kunna, vita 611 (engi) d. . e-u, to
know all (nothing] about a thing; sa
J)6 611 d. a. honum, all his features
were visible.
deilir, m. one who deals out, dis-
tributor bauga d., giver of rings ;
sverSa d., ivarrior, hero (poet.).
deilis-steinn, m. boundary stone.
deilu-efni, n. matter of dispute ;
-grjarn, a. quarrelsome, co?itentious;
-mal, n. quarrel ; -veenligr, a. likely
to lead to a quarrel.
dekan (pi. -ar), m. deacon, = d]&\m.
dekreta (a(5), v. to decree (rare).
dekreta, f. decree (rare).
dengtS, f., denging, f. the sharpening
of a scythe by hammering (cf. ' le-
denging').
dengir, m. one who hammers or
sharpens, a nickname.
dengja (-da, -dr), v. (i) to beat, to
hammer; (2) to sharpen (a scythe) by
hammering; (3) to egg on.
depill (dat. depli), m. spot, dot.
des (-jar, -jar), f. hay -rick.
detta (dett ; datt, duttum ; dott-
inn), v. to drop, fall; d. ni6r daudr,
to drop down dead; duttu paer of an,
they tumbled down ; sau6f^na6r datt
nidr unnvorpum (dropped down, died
suddenly, in heaps] \ megrd ; spjot
dettr or hendi e-m, the spear drops
out of one's hand ; dauSinn dettr a,
comes on suddenly ; datt nor3anve5rit
i logn, the north wind fell altogether ;
lata e-t d. ni5r, to let a matter drop.
dett-hendr, a. a kind of metre.
detti-yrfti, n. scoff, sneers.
dettr, m. thump (heyrSu eir brest
ok dett sem nakkvat felli).
dett-yrcSi, n. = detti-yr6i.
deycSa (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to kill,
piit to death ; (2) to make mtll and
void (d. dom) ; d. likamliga lostu,
girndir holdsins, d. sik, to mortify the
lusts cf the flesh.
deyftr, a. deserving of, liable to,
death (draepr ok d.).
deyfa (-Sa, -tSr), v. (i) to make deaf
(daufr) ; impers., hann deyffli, he
DEYFB
[88]
DJARF-M^JLTR
became deaf; (2) to make blunt (d.
egg, sverfl, vapn) ; (3) to soothe, allay
(d. kvalar, sakar).
deyf ft, f., deyfi, f. deafness.
deyja (dey ; do, doum ; dainn), v.
to die (deyr fe, deyja frasndr) ; hann do
af eitri, or sarum, he died of poison,
from wounds ; d deyjanda degi, on
one's dying day, on one's deathbed; of
a limb (do fotleggrinn allr) ; of inani-
mate things, dainn arfr, an inheritance
left to the heir.
deyna (-da, -t), v. to stink.
deyning, f. stink, stench.
digla (aft), v. to drip (diglaSi
ni5r ur kyrtlinum).
digna (aft), v. (i) to lose temper (of
steel) ; (2) to lose heart.
digr (ace. digran), a. (l) big, stout,
opp. to 'grannr' ; d. sem naut, big as
an ox; d. fotr, a big leg; hon gekk
d. med tveim, she was big with
twins ; (2) thick, J)jokkr, opp. to
' bunnr ' ; digrt belti, a thick belt ;
nautssiSa feit ok d., a fat and thick
side of beef; (3) of sound, deep (J>at
hlj66 er digrara) ; (4) big, haughty ;
digr or5, big words, threats ; gera sik
digran, to puff oneself iip.
digrast (aft), v. refl. (i) to grow big,
of a pregnant woman ; (2) to make one-
self big, become haughty (eigi digrast
hann e6a drambar).
digr-barkliga, ad v. haughtily, boast-
fully (lata, mask, -barkliga).
digr-beinn, a. big-legged.
digrft, f. bigness, thickness.
digr-halsaftr, a. big-necked, =ha"ls-
digr; -leikr, m. (i) bigness; (2) of
sound, deepness, lowness of pitch ;
-liga, adv. haughtily (Idta -liga) ;
-ligr, a. big, haughty (-lig orS, and-
svor) ; -nefjaftr, a. big-nosed, = nef-
digr 5 -yrfti, n. pi. big words.
digull (pi. diglar), m. (i) a hanging
drop, drip ; (2) crucible, melting-pot.
dik, n. run, leap ; taka d., to take to
running.
dikt, n. composition in Latin.
dikta (aft), v. (i) to compose in
Latin (d. ok skrifa bre7 a" Ldtinu) ;
(2) to bring about, make; (3) to
invent^ devise, think out (hann gerir
a" somu Iei6 sem fjandinn fyrir honum
diktar).
diktan, f. composition in Latin.
diktr, m. = dikt (rare).
dilk-fe, n. ewes together with their
lambs (dilkfja' reign).
dilkr, m. a sucking-lamb, kid, calf,
pig (J)6tt kyr leiQi dilka).
dilks-hofuft, n. lamb's head.
dilk-8er, f. a ewe with a lamb.
dimma (aft), v. to make dark,
darken ; impers., um kveldit, er d.
tok, when it began to grow dark ;
tekr at d. af nott, the night comes on ;
refl., dimmast, to grow dark (er nott
dimmaoMst).
dimma, f. darkness (d. naetrinnar);
dimmu dregr d e-t, it begins to look
gloomy, threatening.
dimxn-hljoftr, a. = dimmradda5r.
dimmr, a. dim, dark, gloomy;
d0kkt ok dimmt sky, a dim and dark
cloud ; e-m ver5r dimmt fyrir augum,
one sees dimly.
dimm-raddaftr, a. deep-voiced.
dirfa (-fta, -t), v. to make bold ; esp.
d. sik or dirfast, to dare ; dirfast til
e-s or at e-u, to have courage for a
thing; bcendr dirfdust mjok vid
Birkibeina, became bold, impudent ;
dirfast at gera e-t, to dare to do a
thing
dirfo, f. boldness, courage.
dirokkr, m. drudge.
diskorda (aft), v. to disagree with
(vid e-n).
diskr (-s, -ar), m. plate, dish.
disputa (aft), disputera (aft), v. to
dispute.
diar, m. \>\. gods or priests.
diki, m. dike, ditch.
dili, m. spot, mark.
dia (pi. disir), f. (i) sister (heitir
ok systir d.); (2) a female guardian
angel, goddess ; (3) maid.
disa-blot, n. a sacrifice to the disir ;
-salr, m. hall (temple] of the disir.
divisera (aft), v. to distribute.
djarf-leikr, m. boldness, courage;
-liga, adv. (i) boldly; (2) certainly
(pat vaeri -liga minn dau65) ; -ligr, a.
bold, daring; -mannligr, a. bold-
looking; -maBltr, a. bold of speech.
DJAKFR
[89]
D6MR
djarfr, a. bold, (faring (d. i orrust-
um) ; d. ok dularfullr, impudent and
arrogant.
djarf-toeki, n. boldness in taking;
-toekr, a. bold in taking.
djakn (-B, -ar), m., djakni, m.
deacon.
djasn, n. diadem.
djup, n. (l) deep water, deep place ;
(2) the deep sea, deep (kastaSi hann
0xinni fyrir bor3 d djupi) ; (3) pit (d.
helvitis).
djup-auSigr, a. very rich ; -hugaftr,
a. sagacious, ingenious; -hyggja, f.
sagacity ; -leikr, m. depth ; -ligr, a.
deep, profound (-lig radj.
djupr, a. ( i) deep (d. saer, djup tjorn,
djupt vatn) ; d. hottr, a deep hat
(coming down over the eyes) ; (2)
heavy, severe (djup laun ok ill) ; neut.,
djupt, as adv., deep, deeply ; leggjast
djupt, to dive deep.
djup-ratSr, -ratSugr, a. deep-coun-
selling, cunning; -rsecSi, n. deep-
scheming; -settr, pp. (i) deep-laid
(-sett rao, or6) ; (2) deep, penetrating.
djups-hofn, i. fishing-line.
djup-S8Bi, f. deep-seeing, penetration.
djup-seer, a. penetrating; -utSigr,
a. deep-tninded \ -vitr, a. deeply
wise, profound, sagacious.
djofla-blot, n. worshipping of
devils ; -flokkr, m. host of devils ;
-mot, n. meeting of devils.
djofull (dat. djofli, pi. djoflar), m.
devil; freq. as a term of abuse (taki
per djoful penna).
djoful-ligr, a. devilish.
dj6ful-6<5r, a. possessed.
djofula-kraptr, m. diabolical power;
-prestr, m. priest of the devil.
djoful-cerr, a. = djoful65r.
djorfung, f. boldness^ daring feat (pa"
djorfung J)or6i engi at g0ra).
djorfungar-fullr, a. bold, audacioiis.
do^ka, f. a kind of bird.
do&na (at$), v. to become insensible.
dotJr-kvisa, f. a kind of bird.
dofi, m. torpor , numbness ; dofinn,
a. benumbed, dead (d. er mer fotr
minn) ; dofna (atS), v. to lose vitality
or force, to become benumbed ( eitrormar-
nir dofna af nastr kuldanum) ; to be-
come dead, of limbs (dofnafii hondin) ;
hugrinn dofnar, the mind gets heavy ;
impers., dofnar yfir e-u, the matter
begins to die down.
doki, m. strip, shred (rista blcejur i
sundr i doka).
dokka, f. windlass.
doparr, m., doppa, f. knob, boss (of
metal).
dorg, f. trailing-line (peir reru me5
dorgar sinar at sma-fiski).
dottr, m. a poor, wretched creature
(hestr er f>eir kalla dott).
dolg, n. direful enmity ; dolg-liga,
adv. in a hostile manner (lata -liga).
dolgr, m. enemy, fiend; daudir
dolgar, ghosts.
do]g-rognir, m. poet, warrior;
-spor, n. gaping wounds ; -viftr, m.
= -rognir.
dom a-dagr, doomsday, = domsd agr.
domandi (pi. -endrj, m. judge, =
domari.
domara-saeti, n. judgement-seat*
domari, m. judge (domarans er at
sitja).
dom-f6, n. fee or payment fixed by
sentence ; -festa, f. submitting to sub-
poena ; -flogi, m. defaulter (from
court) ; -hiingr, m. 4 'judgement-ring' 4 ' ;
-hus, n. court-house ; -kirkja, f.
cathedral; -leggja (see leggja), v. to
lay before a court ; -ligr, a. judicial ;
-ligt atkvaedM, judgement; -nefna, f.
the nomination of judges.
domr (-s, -ar), m. (i ) opinion, judge-
ment (d. um dauSan hvernj; (2)
judicial decision, decree, judgement,
sentence; stri'Sr d., a severe judge-
ment ; rettlatr i domum, impartial as
jiidge ; segja upp dom, to pronounce
(pass) sentence; (3) court (of judica-
ture), the body of judges; ganga \
dom, to go into court, take one's seat
in court ; setja dom, to set the court,
to let the judges take their seats ; sitja
i domi, to sit in judgement or in
court ; nefna dom, to nominate (ap-
point) the judges ; scekja mal i dom,
to prosecute a lawsuit in court ; hley-
pa upp domi, to break up the court by
force; bera \ \ dom, to bribe the
court ; rySja dom, to challenge the
D6M-ROF
[90]
DHAQA
court; mil ferr i dom, a case goes
into court ; (4) state, condition ;
heiSinn d., heathenism ; kristinn d.,
the Christian faith ; (5) heilagr d.,
helgir domar, relic, relics ; (6) in
compds., -dom, -head, -hood (gud-
domr, Godhead, manndomr, manhood,
konungdomr, kingdom, &*.}.
dom-rof, n. disregard of judgement ;
-rutSning, f . challenging of judges.
doms-dagr, m. doomsday, day of
judgement (a" -degi, \> er gu3 kemr
at doema allt mannkyn).
dom-seta, f. sitting in court, judge-
ment ; -settling, f. setting or opening
the court.
doms-maftr, m. judge', -orc5, n.
judgement, sentence.
dom-spekt, f. acuteness of judge-
ment, wise discernment', -staftr, m.
a place in which a court is held',
-stefna, f. summoning, citing', -stoll,
m. judgement-seat, tribunal', -saeti,
n. = -stoll ; -ssetr, a. qualified to sit in
a court as lawful judge (eiga -sastt) ;
-varzla, f. the guarding of a court;
-vorzlumacSr, m. a man who guards
the court.
dottir (gen., dat., and ace., dottur,
pi. doetr), f. daughter.
draf, n. draff, husks.
drafl, n. idle talk, tattle.
drafli, m. curdled milk when cooked.
drafls-yrfti, n.= drafl.
drafna (a$), v. to become rotten as
draff (d. sundr).
drag, n. ( i ) the iron rim under the
keel of a boat or a sledge ; fig., leggja
d. undir ofmetnad e-s, to encourage
one's pride ; (2) an additional line to
a stanza.
draga (dreg; dro, drogum; dreg-
inn), v. (i) to draw, drag, pull', d.
heim viSinn, to drag the logs home ;
d. a"rar, to pull the oars', absol.,
drogu |?eir skjott eptir, they soon
pulled up to them ; d. boga, to draw
the bow, d. segl, to hoist sails (=d.
upp segl) ; d. fisk, to catch, pull up
fish with a line ; d. kvernstein, to
turn the mill-stone, to grind', vi5
ramman mun reip at d., it will be
pulling a rope against a strong man,
i.e. it will be a difficult task ; (2) to
draw, inhale (d. uj>efjan mefl nosum) ;
d. nasir af e-u, to smell a thing; d.
6'ndina, to breathe, live; (3) to pro-
cure, earn, gain (J^egar hann hafdi fe
dregit sem hann vildi) ; d. e-m e-t, to
procure (or get] one a thing (eigi sog-
6ust peir vita, at hann droegi Haraldi
riki) : (4) to employ as a measure (d.
kvarSa vi5 vaQmal) ; (5) to prolong,
protract (dvalir >essar drogu timann) ;
(6) to delay, put off, defer; vii ek
J>essi svor ekki lata d. fyrir me'r icngi,
/ will not wait long for these
answers ; hann dro um j)at engan
hlut, he made no subterfuge; (j) to
delineate, draw a picture (var dregit i
skjoldinn leo me3 gulli) ; i ]3ann tima,
sem hann dregr klaedafollin (the folds] ;
(8) to trim or line garments (treyjan
var dregin utan ok innan vi6 rauSu
silki) ; with dat., hja*lmr hans var
dreginn leiri (overlaid with clay), er
d6r var (dreginn) gulli ; (9) intrans.
to move, draw ; drogu {)eir peirn svd,
naer (came so near to them], at ; (10)
with preps. ; d. fot, skokiasdi af e-m,
to pull off one's clothes, shoes ; d.
hring af hendi ser, to take off a ring
from one's hand; dro hann f>a af
grunninu, he pulled them off the
shallow; d. e-t af e-u, to draw,
derive from a source ; d. e-t af, to
take off ({>. hafQi latit af d. bruna) ;
d. e-t af vid e-n, to keep back, with-
hold, from one; man he6an af eigi af
dregit vi6 oss, henceforth we shall not
be neglected, stinted ; Egill dro at ser
skipit, E. pulled the ship close lip to
himself; d. vel at e-m, to draw wiles
around one; d. spott, skaup, at e-u,
to hold a thing up to ridicule ; d. at
Ii5, fong, to collect troops, stores ; dro
at honum sottin, the illness drew
closer to him, he grew worse ; impers.,
dro at mastti hans, dro at um ma"tt
hans, his strength declined (fell off} ;
til ess er dro at degi, till the day
drew near ; J)a" er dregr at jolum,
when Yule drew near ; dro at J)vi
(the time drew near), at hann vaeri
banvaenn ; tok f>a' at d. fast at heyjum
hans, his stock of hay was rapidly
DRAGA
[91]
DRAGA
diminishing ; sva dregr at mdr af elli,
svengd, porsta, / am so overcome by
old age, hunger, thirst ; nu pykki mer
sem fast dragi at pe*r, that thou art
sinking fast ; d. bring a bond ser,
to put a ring on one's hand', d.
(grun) a" e-t, to suspect ; d. a" vetr, to
rear through the winter (Hrafnkell
dro a vetr kalf ok kiS) ; impers.,
dregr a tunglit, the moon is obscured
( dregr myrkr d tunglit); dimmu
pykkir d. a" raSit Odds, it looks as if
a cloud was drawing over Odds'
affairs ; dregr a gleSi biskups, the
bishop's gladness was obscured'^ d.
eptir e-m, to gain on one (>6rarinn
sotti kaft r65rinn ok bans menn, ok
drogu skjott eptir peim Steinolfi ok
Kjallaki) ; d. eptir e-m urn e-t, to
approach one, be nearly equal to one,
in a thing ; um margar iprottir (in
many accomplishments] dro hann fast
eptir Olan" konungi ; d. e-t fram, to
produce, bring forward (d. fram
athugasamlig dcemi) ; to further,
promote (d. fram hlut e-s) ; d. fram
kaupeyri sinn, to make money ; d.
fram skip, to laitnch a ship ; impers.,
dregr fra, (cloud, darkness] is drawn
off', hratt stundum fyrir, en stundum
dro fra, (clouds) drew sometimes over,
sometimes off', dregr fyrir sol, tungl,
the sun, moon, is obscured by clouds
or eclipse (tunglskin var Ijost, en
stundum dro fyrir) ; ok er i tok at d.
skurirnar, when showers began to
gather ; d. e-6 saman, to collect,
gather (d. Ii3, ber, skip saman) ;
impers., saman dro kaupmala me5
peim, they struck a bargain ; saman
dro hugi peirra, their hearts were
drawn together ; dregr pa saman or
dregr saman me5 peim, the distance
between them grows less ; d. e-t i
sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin (vil
ek eigi d. i sundr sasttir y<3rar) ;
impers., dregr pa i sundr or dregr i
sundr me5 peim, the distance between
them increases ; d. e-n til e-s, to
move, prompt, induce ; engi ofkasti
dregr mik til pessarar ferSar, // is
not from wantonness that I undertake
this journey ; slikt dregr hann til vin-
sasldar, this furthers his popularity ,
ef hann droegi ekki til, if he was not
concerned', d. e-t til dcemis um e-t, to
adduce as a proof of', hann bet at d.
allt til sastta (to do everything in his
power for reconciliation} me5 peim
Skota konungi ; impers., nema til
verra dragi, unless matters turn oitt
for the worse ; with dat., pat samband
peirra, er peim dregr baSum til bana,
which will prove fatal to both of
them ; at her mundi til mikillar ugiptu
d. um kaup pessi, that much mischief
would arise from this bargain ; dro
pa enn til sundrpykkju me5 peim
Svium, the old feud with the Swedes
began over again ; sva er pat, segir
R., ef ekki dregr til, unless so)ne un-
foreseen thing happens ; d. e-t undan
e-m, to seek to deprive one of a thing
(peir hafa bundizt i pvi at d. boendr
undan per) ; d. e-t undan, to delay
(drogu Skotar undan saettina) ; hvi
dregr pu undan at bjoSa mer til pin ?
why dost thou put off inviting me to
come ? ; d. rot undan (tolu), to extract
the root ; d. undan e-m, to escape
from one (nu Isegir seglin peirra ok
draga peir undan oss) ; imners., hann
(ace.) dro undan sem nau6uligast, he
had a narrow escape ; litt dro enn
undan vi5 pik, there was little chance
of drawing out of thy reach ; d. e-t
undir sik. to appropriate or take
fraudulently to oneself (hafdi dregit
undir sik finnskattinn) ; impers., dro
ydr (ace.) undir hrakningina, en oss
(ace.) undan, you came in for hard
usage, but we escaped', d. upp skip,
to drag a ship ashore ; d. upp segl, to
hoist a sail (sails] ; d. upp fisk, to
pull up fish with a line ; impers.,
poku dregr upp, fog is coming on ;
(il) refl., dragast, to draw oneself,
move ; d. aptr d Iei5, to remain
behind; d. d hendr e-m, to gather
around one ; d. a e-t, to give a partial
promise (f>orvar5r drost a at Ija Sturlu
sverSit, ok forst pat fyrir) ; d. a legg,
to grow up ; pegar honum drost aldr,
when he grew up ; e-m dragast
penningar, one makes money ; herr,
lid, dregst e-m, troops gather round
DRAGA
[92]
DRAP-VEBR
one ; d. vel, ilia, to do well, ill ; drost
\& liSit mjok af kulda, the host
suffered much from cold ; pau drogust
(they pulled against each other,
fought] urn einn gullhring ; Sigvaldi
dregst lit frd. flotanum, S. draws away
from the fleet', d. vid e-t, to become
discouraged.
draga, f. only in pi. 'drogur', (l)
timber carried on horseback and
trailing along the ground', (2) metric,
term, repetition, anad/plosis (when a
stanza begins with the last word of
the preceding one).
dragi, m. trail or long line of laden
horses.
drag-kyrtill, m. a trailing kirtle or
gown ; -loka, f. bolt ; fig. loiterer ;
-mall, a. drawling.
dragna (aS), v. to drag, trail oneself
along (hann dragnar siSan heim at
burinu) ; refl., dragnast = dragna.
dragna-hross, n. a horse carrying
timber ('drogur').
drag-nal, f. bodkin ; -net, n. drag-
net ; -reip, n. halyard.
dragsa (aft), v. to drag along.
drag-sitSr, a. trailing behind (-si5ar
silkislceQr).
dramb, n. (i) arrogance (ofbeldi ok
drainb) ; (2) pomp.
dramba (a), v. to be haughty,
behave with arrogance (d. vi6 e-m,
i moti e-m) ; d. af e-u, to pride one-
self on ; d. yfir ser, to boast ; d. yfir
e-m, to lord it over one, look down
upon one.
dramban, f. haughty behaviour.
dramb-hosur, f. pi. a sort of ' court-
breeches ' ; -lauss, a. unpresuming,
modest ; -latliga, adv. haughtily ;
-latr, a. haughty ; -IfiBti, n. haughti-
ness, pride.
dramblaetis-kona, a. proud woman.
dramb-samliga, adv. haughtily ;
-samligr, a. haugJity (-samligr met-
naOr) ; -samr, a. haughty, proud;
-semi, f. haughtiness, pride.
drambsemis-andi, m. spirit of
Pride ; -fotr, m. a foot showing pride
(hefja -fot i mot e-m) ; -hals, m. a
haughty person.
drambs-fullr, a. arrogant.
dramb-skapr, m. arrogance.
drambs-macSr, m. a haughty person.
dramb-visi, f. = -semi ; -viss, a.=
-samr; -yrt5i, n. pi. proud speech,
haughty language.
drangr (-s, -ar), m. a detached pillar
of rock.
drang-s^einn, m. = drangr.
draaill, m. poet. ^^rj^, = dr6sull.
dratta (a5j, v. to drag, trail oneself
along.
draug-hent, a. n. a sort of metre ;
-hus, n. pi. ' house of ghost s\ biirial
mound (poet.).
draugr (-s, -ar), m. the dead in-
habitant of a cairn, ghost, spirit.
drauma-matSr, m. a great dreamer
-ra<5ning, f. reading of dreams ;
-skriinsl, n. dream-monster, phan-
tasm ; -vetr, m. winter of dreams.
draum-heill, n. divination by
dreams', -kona, f. ' dream-woman' ',
one who appears in dreams ; -ligr, a.
dream-like (-lig sjonhverfing) ; -matSr,
m. a man who appears in dreams ;
-orar, m. pi. dream-phantasies.
draumr (-s, -ar), m. dream ; eigi er
mark at draumum, dreams are not
worth noticing ; segja e-m draum,
to tell one's dream to another ', rd6a
draum, to read (interpret] a dream ;
d. raetist, a dream proves true ; vakna
eigi viS goQan draum, to awake from
a bad dream ; e-m er draums, one
dreams, is in a trance.
draum-skrok, n. pi. dream-phan-
tasm ; -spakr, a. skilled in interpret-
ing dreams ; -speki, f. skill in
interpreting dreams ; -spekingr, m.
a skilful interpreter of dreams ;
-stoli, a. one who never dreams (cf.
' pat er eigi manns e5li, at hann
dreymi aldri ') ; -ping, n. assembly of
dreams, poet, sleep.
drak, draka, f. streak.
drap, n. slaughter, killing.
drapa, f. a heroic laudatory poem
with refrains in the central portion
(contrasted with 'flokkr').
drap-gjarn, a. blood-thirsty.
drapu-mal, n. a lawsuit concerning
a drcipa.
drap-ve5r, n. destructive gale.
DRlTTR
[93]
DRENGR
drattr (gen. -ar, dat. draetti, pi.
drsettir, ace. drattu), m. (i) pull',
(2) draugJit of fish ; draught of a
seine ; (3) hesitation, = undandrattr.
dregg (-jar, -jar), f. yeast, leaven.
dregill (dat. dregli), m. ribbon.
dreginn, pp. of ' draga'. (l) drawn,
pinched, starved (hestar mjok dreg-
nir) ; (2* long (of vowels).
dreglaftr, pp. furnished with rib-
bons, laced.
dregla-hufa, f. a laced cap ; -lift, n.
soldiers decorated with ribbons, =
dreglat 116.
dreif, f. scattering ; drepa e-u d. d., to
scatter about ; fig. to throw or cast
aside, to let dro-p ; {>eir drapu ollu
a d. um J)essa fyrirastlun, gave it up
altogether; (2) string or chain (v air-
inn komst hvergi, ]pvi at dreifarnar
heldu honum).
dreifa (-tSa, -t$r), v. (i) to scatter,
disperse, with dat. (dreifSu peir \>&
ollu licHnu) ; to strew (tak duft ok
dreif d sarit) ; to sprinkle (d. vatni
umhverfis stein) ; d. e-n bl65i or med
b!65i, to bedabble one with blood',
reflex., dreifast, to be spread out; (2)
to derive (d. or5 af orSi).
dreifing, f. scattering, diffusion ; d.
bl65s, effusion of blood.
dreift, adv. scatteredly ; fara d., to
march in loose order (of troops).
dreita (-tta, -ttr), v., in the phrase,
d. e-n inni, to shut one up so as to
force him to ease himself (faite) within
doors.
dreka-haror, m. slough of a dragon ;
-boeli, n, lair of a dragon ; -hofutS,
n. a dragon's head on a ship's prow ;
-liki, n. shape of a dragon ; -merki,
n. a banner bearing the sign of a
dragon.
dreki, m. (i) dragon ; (2) ship of
war (bearing a dragon's head as an
ornament at the prow).
drekka (drekk ; drakk, drukkum ;
drukkinn), v. (i) to drink (d. mjo5,
61, mungat) ; d. full, minni, horn, to
drink a toast, cup, horn ; d. drykk, to
drink a draiight (J)ii skalt d. af tva
drykki) ; d. brjost, spena, to suck
i. umaelt, without measure ; d. fast
(mjok), to drink hard; d. e-n af
stokki, to drink one under the table ;
d. ser litit vit, d. fra" ser vit allt, to
drink away one's reason ; (2) to hold,
celebrate a feast (d. veizlu, brullaup,
erfi) ; (3) with preps., d. af keri, to
drink out of a vessel (drukku J)eir af
einu silfrkeri) ; to drink off (empty) a
vessel, cup (hann tok viS horninu ok
drakk af) ; d. a e-n, to drink to a
person ; refl., drekkast d, to drink to
one another ; impers., drekkr a e-n,
one ships a sea ; d. til e-s = d. a e-n ;
d. e-t ut, to consume or spend in
drinking.
drekka, f. (i) drink, beverage ; (2)
a drinking feast or banquet ; ^igis d.,
the drinking at ^Egir's.
drekkandi, ger. drinkable (matti
hvergi vatn finna, J>at er drekkanda
veri).
drekkja (-ta, -tr), v. fi) to put
itnder water, submerge, with dat. (d.
skipi) ; drekktust f>rjar snekkjur fyrir
atr65ri peirra, were sunk ; (2) to
drown ; impers., e-m drekkir, one gets
drowned ; (3) fig. to quell, suppress
(d. kristninni).
drembi-liga, adv. haughtily.
drengi-liga, adv. bravely ; -ligr, a.
(i) brave, valiant; (2) generous.
drengja (-da, -dr), v., naut. term,
to bind fast, haul taut to a pole
(drengr).
drengja-val, n. a choice company of
gallant men.
dreng-leysi, n. want of generosity,
unmanliness ; -Iundat5r, -lyndr, a.
noble-minded, generous ; -matSr, m.
(i) = drengr I ; (2) bachelor, opp. to
' bondi ' ; -mannligr, a. noble-minded,
gentlemanly ; -menska, f. noble-
mindedness.
drengr (-s, pi. -ir, gen. -ja), m. (i)
a bold, valiant, chivalrous man ; d.
g65r, a good-hearted, noble-minded
man (auQigr at fe ok d. g65r) ; ekki
f)ykki me'r >u sterkr, en d. ertu g., but
thou art a good fellow ; drengir, en
eigi da<5leysingjar, gallant men, and
no faint-hearts ; at J>u maettir drengr-
inn af verSa sem beztr, that you
might get the greatest credit from it ;
DRENGS-ADAL
[94]
DBEPA
hafa dreng i serk, to have a stout
heart in one's breast ; (2) a young,
unmarried man (drengir heita ungir
menn bulausir, meSan peir afla ser
fjdr eSa orSstirs) ; (3) attendant ({>eir
heita konungs drengir, er hofoMngjum
pjona) ; (^fellow (Isetr siSan sverSit
riSa d. halsinn a peim leiSa dreng) ;
(5) pole, cf. ' dsdrengr '.
drengs-ac5al, n. the nature of a
drengr ; -bot, f. what makes a man
the better drengr ; -brag(5, n. a brave
or gallant deed.
drengskapar-fall, n. failure in
drengskapr ; -raun, f. test, trial of
one's drengskapr.
dreng-skapr (gen. -skapar), m.
high-mindedness, courage ; falla me<5
-skap, to fall fighting bravely ; me6
litlum -skap, cowardly ; pmum -skap
(manliness] skal ek vi3 bregSa.
drengs-verk, n. a noble deed.
drep, n. (i) bodily Inert, blow (pat
er d. ef bein brotna) ; (2) killing,
slaying, drap 5(3) plague, pestilence,
= drepsott ; (4) mortification, gan-
gi'ene.
drepa (drep ; drap, drapum ;
drepinn), v. I. with ace. or absol. ;
(i) to strike, beat, knock ; d. e-n vendi,
to strike one with a rod; hann tok
horpu sina ok drap strengi (struck the
strings] til sldttar ; d.jarn, to hammer
iron ; d. or d. hogg d, dyrr, to knock
at the door", d. botn ur keraldi, to
knock the bottom out of a tub ; at eigi
drepir pu mik i djiip, that you knock
me not into the deep ; d. i hel, i dauQa,
til heljar, to smite to death ; (2) to
kill, slay (skulu ver nu fara at honum
ok d. hann) ; (3) in a game of chess,
to take a piece (pa drap jarl af honum
riddara) ; (4) to produce by a blow or
blows ; d. eld, to strike fire ( = d. upp
eld) ; d. s!66, to make a trail (drapu
kyrtlarnir doggslofiina) ; (5) with
prepp., d. af, to kill, slaughter (cattle) ;
d. niSr, to kill off (fe&tt. hirchnenn pinir
s6 drepnir ni5r sem svm) ; d. sik or
droma, to get rid of (throw off] a
fetter ; d. til e-s, to strike, hit, at one ;
d. e-t undir sik, to knock or drag down
(skaltu standa hia, er fjandi sa drepr
mik undir sik); d. upp eld = d. eld;
d. e-t ut, to divulge a thing; d. yfir
e-t, to hide, suppress ; drap hann
br^tt yfir (he soon mastered] harm
sinn ; (6) refl., drepast, to perish, die,
esp. of cattle (f& hans drapst aldri af
drephridum) ; recipr. to put one
another to death (pa drepast menn
fyrir agirni sakir) ; d. menn fyrir, to
kill one another's men ; (7) impers.,
drepr honum aldregi sky (ace.) i augu,
his eyes never get clouded ; ofrkappit
(ace.) drepr fyrir peim (their high
spirits break down], pegar hamingjan
brestr ; drap po heldr i fyrir honum,
he rather grew worse, his eyes grew
weaker; nu drepr or hljoci (ace.) fyrst
or konunginum, the king became silent
at once ; pd. drap stall or hjarta hans,
his heart failed; ofan drap flaugina,
the vane was knocked down ; regn
(ace.) drepr i gegnum e-t, the rain
beats through (the thatch) ; II. with
dat. ; (i) to put, thriist ; hendi drap
a kampa, he put his hand to his
beard ; d. feed (fotum) i e-<5, to strike
(knock] one's foot against, stumble
over (drap fotunum i pr0skuldinn ok
la fallinn) ; d. hofSi, to droop (with)
the head (Egill drap hofSinn ni5r i
feld sinn) ; d. fingri i munn ser, to put
the finger into the mouth ; d. hendi til
e-s, vid e-m, to give one a slap with
the hand ; d. hendi vi5 e-u, to wave
away with the hand, to refuse a kind
offer (d. hendi vi6 bo5nu gulli) ; (2)
to tuck up the sleeves or skirts of a
garment (hann hafdi drepit upp skau-
tunum) ; d. hari undir belti ser, to
tuck the hair under the belt (of a
lady) ; (3) to dip, immerse ; d. skeggi
(the beard] \ Brei3afjor6,/^ be drowned
in B. ; d. barni i vatn, to baptize a
child; (4) d. ordi, domi d. e-t, to talk,
judge of; d. huldu d, e-t, to hide, keep
secret; d. e-u d. dreif, see ' dreif ;
fig., d. i egg e-u, to turn a deaf ear
to; (5) to spoil (d. gledi, teiti e-s) ;
d. kosti e-s, to destroy one's happi-
ness ; impers., drap pd skjott kosti,
the cheer was soon gone ; (6) d. niSr
e-u, to suppress (d. ni5r konungs
retti, illu ordi) ; d. ni6r scemd e-s, to
DREP-HRID
[95]
DBJtTGUM
drag down one's refutation, to dis-
parage one ; d. ni5r mali, to quash a
lawsuit.
drep-hriS, f. ( I ) a destructive, snow-
storm ; (2) = drepsott ; -rd(5, n. an
intended affray or assault ; -samL'gr,
a. deadly, destructive ; -sleggja, f.
sledge-hammer ; -sott, f. plague, pest ;
-sottr, pp. plague-stricken.
drettingr, m. loiterer, a nickname.
dreyma (-da, -dr), v. (l) to appear
to one (e-n) in a dream (sd. ma3r
dreymir mik opt) ; (2) to dream (ein
kona dreymdi pann draum) ; usually
impers., with double ace., mik dreymdi
draum, / dreamt a dream ; konung
dreymdi aldri, the king never had a
dream.
dreypa (-ta, -tr), v. to let fall in
drops, with dat. (hann dreypir vigdu
vatni i munn henni).
dreyra (-tSa, -t), v. to bleed, ooze (of
blood from a slight wound) ; hann
reist i lofa se'r krossmark, sva at
dreyrSi, so that blood jlowed.
dreyra-lcekr, m. stream of blood ;
-runninn, pp. spattered with blood.
dreyr-faftr, a. stained with blood',
-gjarn, a. eager for blood, blood-
thirsty.
dreyri, m. blood, gore ; vekja e-m
dreyra, to bleed one ; raudr sem d.=
dreyrraudr.
dreyr-rauc5r, a. red as blood; e-n
setr -raudan, one turns scarlet
(GuQrunu setti dreyrrauda) ; -stafir,
pi. bloody runes, blood (poet.).
dreyrugr, a. (i) bloody, gory ; (2)
blood-thirsty.
drif, n. (i) driven snow (hvitr sem
d.) ; (2) spoon-drift (sjor var hvitr
fyrir drifi).
drif-hvitr, a. white as driven
snow.
drift, dript, f. (i) snow-drift (J>ar
var snjor i driptum) ; (2) drifting
snow (hvitr sem d.).
drit, n. dirt of birds (fugladrit).
drifa (drif ; dreif, drifum ; drif-
inn), v. (i) to drift, drive like spray
or snow (J> drifr snasr or 6'llum dttum) ;
fig., of missiles, to shower, fly, like
flakes of snow (lata d. skot, vapn, a
e-n) ; ve5r var drifanda, there was a
great snow-storm ; esp. impers. with
dat., dreif sandinn, the sand drifted',
lauSri dreif lypting utan, the spray
drove over the poop ; pegar dreif i
Loginn krommu, there fell wet snow
in the Lake, it began to sleet ; (2) to
crowd, throng, rush ; J)d drifr ofan
mannfjoldi mikill til strandar, a great
crowd rttshes down to the shore ;
dreif allt folk hans fund, all people
crowded to see him ; toku menn >a at
d. brott frd hertoganum, men began
to desert the duke', d. yfir e-n, to
befall, happen to one', refl., lata yfir
drifast (=d. yfir sik), to yield, give
in (rail ok utlegSir {>eirra manna, er
eigi letu yfir d.) ; (3) to perform ; d.
leik, to play ; en i annan stad ek at
d. mikinn vanda, / am in a hard
strait ; (4) to besprinkle with (e-t e-u ;
doggu drifinn).
drifa, f. fall of snow, snow-drift
(skotvapn fiugu sva f>ykt sem d.).
drifanda, adv. with might and
main ; roa d., to pull so that the
spray splashes about.
drifu-6l, n. a drifting snow-storm
(um kveldit gerSi d -el blautt).
drita (drit ; dreit, dritum ; drit-
inn), v. to ease oneself (d. a e-n) ; 611
ertu, deigja, dritin, thou art altogether
filthy.
drjiigan, adv. = drjugum.
drjug-deildr, pp. substantial*^ -Idtr,
a. self-important ; -liga, adv. with an
air of importance ; -ligr, a. ample
-mseltr, a. long-winded in speaking.
drjugr, a. substantial^ lasting,
ample ; verda drjiigari (drj'ugastr), to
get the better (best) of it ; {)u munt
peim 61! um drjugari ver5a, you will
outdo them all ; Baglar reSust at, ok
vard J)at drjugara, at, the issue was,
that.
drjiigt, adv. in great numbers,
copiously (Kolskeggr v d. menn) ; d.
manna, a good many people.
drjiig-talat, pp. n.; f>eim var5 -talat,
they talked long together.
drjugum (prop. dat. pi. from
'drjugr'), adv. (i) much, to a great
extent, greatly ; foru d. dag J>ann
DRJtrPA
[96]
DRYKKJU-SKAPR
fram, they went far that day ; vegr
Gunnar d. menn, G. slew men in great
numbers ; (2) almost, nearly (d. dau5r
af kulda) ; d. allr, almost all ; enginn
d., scarcely anybody.
dijupa (dryp ; draup, drupum ;
dropit), v. (i) to drip, to fall in drops
(|>6r6lfr kva6 smjor d. af hverju stra"i) ;
(2) to let in rain, be leaky (hlaSan
draup {>egar er snjdrinn braSnadi) ;
(3) to droop with the tiead, = drupa..
drjupr, a. dripping, leaky (d. salr).
drokr, m. = dirokkr.
dropa-lauss, a. water-tight', -rum,
n. dripping-place (from the eaves).
dropi, m. drop (regns d.).
drog, f. strea=dr:a.k.
dromi, m. fetter', drepa or droma,
to act with great vigour.
dromundr, m. a kind of ship used
in the Mediterranean.
dros, f. poet, girl, maid.
drott, f. (\) household, people; dygg-
var drottir, good, upright people ; oil
d., all people', (2) the host of the
king's men, body-guard of a king
(drottinn).
drottin-hollr, a. faithful to one's
master ; -lauss, a. without a master ;
-ligr, a. pertaining to Our Lord ; -lig
boen, the Lord's Prayer.
drottinn (-s, pi. drottnar), m. (i)
lord, master', J>raell eSa d., slave or
master', dyrt er drottins or5, the
master's word is strong; (2) king,
chief; a5r voru f>eir (viz. the kings]
drottnar kalla&r; (3) the Lord (gud
d. minn, d. varr Jesus Kristr).
drottinsdaga-hald, n. observance
of the Lords day ; drottins-dagr, m.
the Lord's day.
drottinsdags-helgr, f. = drottins-
dagr; -kveld, n. Sunday evening;
-nott, f. Saturday night.
drottins-kveld, n. = drottinsdags-
kveld ; -morginn, m. Sunday morn-
ing; -nott, f. = drottinsdagsnott.
drottin-svik, n. pi. treason towards
a lord or master \ -sviki, m. traitor.
drott-kvaecSr, a. in the heroic or
court metre (-kvasSr hattr) ; -latr, a.
beloved of the household, gentle ;
-megir, m. pi. people, men.
drottna (a$), v. to rule, govern ; d.
yfir e-u, to rule over; with dat. (>6
lastr hann J)at eigi d. huga smum).
drottnan, f. sway, rule (d. alls
heims).
drottnari, m. ruler.
drottning, f. (i) mistress; >raell sd,
er vegr at drottni (master] sinum e6a
drottningu (mistress) ; (2) queen ; (3)
Princess.
drottningar-domr, m. queenhood,
queenship ; -efni, n. a future queen ;
-nafn, n. the title of a queen.
drottning-ligr, a. becoming a queen,
queenly.
drott-seti, m. a steward at the king's
table.
drukkinn, pp. drunken, tipsy.
drukna (atSj, v. to be drowned.
druknan, f. death by drowning.
drumbr, m. log of wood.
drupa (-ta, -t), v. to droop, from
sorrow (svd drupir nu Danmork, sem
dau6r se Knutr sonr minn) ; drupir
orn yfir, the eagle hovers over (it].
drupr, m. drooping spirits, coldness.
drykk-fatt, a. n., hafa -fdtt, to be
short of drink.
drykkja, f. (i) drinking; sitja einn
viQ drykkju, to sit alone drinking;
taka til drykkju, to begin drinking
(toku menn til drykkju urn kveldit) ;
J>reyta drykkju vi6 e-n, to contend
in drinking with one ; (2) drink,
beverage, = drykkr (byrla e-m drykk-
ju); (3) drinking-bout^ banquet (d.
skyldi vera at hvdrratveggja) ; (4)
drinking-cup (rare).
drykkjatSr, pp. refreshed with
drink (vel mettr ok d.).
drykkjar-bolli, m. drinking-cup ;
-fong, n. pi. drinkables ; -horn, n.
drinking-horn ; -ker, n. drinking-
vessel ; -kostr, m. drin king-cheer ;
-laust, adv. without drink ^eta mat
sinn -laust) ; -stutr, m. a kind of
drinking-can.
drykkju-borS, n. drink ing-table
(sitja yfir -borQum) ; -fong, n. pi. =
drykkjarfong ; -litill, a. sober;
-matSr, m. drinker (litill, mikill
drykkjumafir) ; -mdl, n. time of
drinking; -skapr, m. (hard) drinking;
DRYKKJAR-SKALI
[97]
DUNA
skali, m. drinking-hall ; -stofa, f. =
-skdli.
drykk-lauss, a. without drink ;
-ley si, n. want of drinkables.
drykkr (-jar, -ir), m. (i) drink,
drinking', sitja at (yfir) drykk, to sit
drinking', hvat hafa Einherjar at
drykk, what kind of drink have the
E. ; (2) draughty breyta a" drykkinn,
to take a deep draught ; drekka i
tveimr, J)remr, drykkjum, to drain in
two, three draughts.
drykk-saell, a. lucky in drink.
drysil-c joiull, m. petty devil, devil-
kin ; -hross, n. paltry horse ; -menni,
n. a paltry man.
drygindi, n. pi. increase, saving.
drygja (-<5a, -r), v. (i) to commit,
perpetrate, carry out, practise (d.
synd, hordom, munuSlffi) ; d. viljae-s,
to comply with one's wishes ; d. hlyflni
vid e-n, to obey one ; (2) to make to go
far, eke out (drottinn drygSi sva" pasr
vistir, at baer, c.) ; hvat barf betta
or5um d. (to expatiate on) ?
dryg-liga, adv. = drjugliga ; -mltr,
a. long-winded.
drsepi-ligr, a. deserving death.
draBplingr, m. a petty drdpa.
draspr, a. who may be killed with
impunity.
draesa, f. idle talk, twaddle.
droeint, a. n., lata d. vid, to hesitate.
drofn (Ken. drafnar, pi. drafnir), f.
poet, billow.
drogur, f. pi., see ' draga ', f.
drcsull, m. poet. horse, = c\xa.s\\\.
drottr, m. lubber (rare).
dubba (aft), v. (i) to equip , arm
(Saul dubbar nu David me5 sjalfs
sins herklasSum) ; d. e-n upp, to
attire one in full dress ; d. sik, to
trim oneself', (2) d. e-n til riddara, to
dub one a knight.
dubban, f. dubbing a knight.
dubl, dufl, n.game at dice, gambling.
dubla, dufla (a(5), v. to gamble.
dublari, m. gambler.
duga (-6a, -at), v. (i) to help, aid,
support, with dat. ; d. e-m at or vi5,
to succour, lend help (Gisli for at d.
beim viS) ; (2) to do, suffice ; pat er
er man d., which will do for thee ;
hefir oss po dugat pessi atrunaSr, this
faith has served us very well ; fdtt er
sva" illt at einugi dugi, few things are
utterly useless ; mun ber eigi f>at d.
at sofa hdr, it will not do (is not safe)
for thee to sleep here ; (3) absol., to
show prowess, do good service ; dug5i
hverr sem hann mdtti, every one did
his best ; (4) to suffice, be strong
enough ; ef pitt oefli dugir, if thy wit
suffices ; ef vitni duga, if the witnesses
fail not.
dugandi, pr. p. doughty (d. maSr).
dugandis-maftr, augand-macSr, m.
a brave, doughty man.
dugga, f. a useless fellow.
dug-lauss, a. good for nothing.
dugna(5ar-ma(5r, m. (i) helper, help
in need', (2) = dugandi maQr; -stigr,
m. path of virtue ; -vapn, n. weapon
of defence (against temptation).
dugnat5r (gen. -ar), m. (i) aid,
assistance', veita e-m dugnad, to give
help to one ; (2) virtue.
dugr, m. doughtiness, strength of
soul or body (aldri er d. i ber).
dul, f. (i) concealment ; drepa, draga
d. d e-t, to conceal ; me6 d., secretly ;
(2) self-conceit ; d. ok vil, pride and
wilfulness\ aetla ser bd d., to be so
conceited ; draga d. a" sik, to think a
great deal of oneself "; ganga fram i d.,
to go on in one's conceit.
dula (atS), v. to deny (rare).
dular-bunaftr, m. disguise', -eiftr,
m. oath of denial ; -f ullr, a. self-
conceited', -klcetSi, n. pi. disguise;
-kufl, m. a cloak used for a disguise.
dul-eic5r, m. = dularei8r ; -hottr, m.
a hood used for a disguise.
dulinn, a. = dularfullr (d. at ser).
dul-klaet$i, n. pl. = dularkloe5i.
dulnacSr, m. conceit, self-conceit.
dul-remmi, -ran a, f. self-conceit ;
-samr, a. self-conceited.
dumba, f. dust, cloud of dust.
durabr, a. (also dumbi) dumb, mute
(gaf hann dumbum ma"l, en daufum
heyrn) ; d. stafr, a mute (letter],
dumpa (atS), v. to thump (rare).
duna (aS), v. to boom, roar (dunar
i skoginum) ; duna, f. a rushing,
thundering noise.
ICEL. DICT.
DTJW-A
[98]
DVERGR
Dun-a, f. the Danube.
dunga, f. a useless fellow , = dugga
(huglaus dungaj.
dun-henda, f. = dunhendr hdttr.
dun-hendr, a., -hendr hattr, a sort
of metre (when the second line of
each couplet begins with the conclud-
ing word of the first line) ; -hent, a.
n. = -hendr ha"tT.
dunn, m. band t gang, drove (flyktust
skarfarnir saman i einn dun).
dunna, f. the wild duck, mallard.
dupt, n. dust (verda at dupti).
dupti, m. dust (einn lettr dupti).
dupt-liga, adv. like dust ; -ligr, a.
consisting of dust (-ligr maflr).
dupt-ugr, a. dusty, covered with
dust.
dura-domr, m. a court at the door
of the defendant ; -gaetti, n. = dyri-
gaetti ; -stair, m. = dyristafr ; -stoft,
f. door-post ; -umbuningr, m. door-
frame ; -veggr, m. door-jamb ;
-vorftr, m. door-keeper.
dur-vorftr, m. door-keeper.
dusil-hross, n. = drysil-hross.
duail-menni, n. = drysil-menni.
dusla (aft), v. to be busy with trifling
matters (S\einki var par duslandi).
dust, n. dust (ver erum dust ok
aska ; ver8a at dusti).
dust, n. //// (halt eitt d. me5 mik).
duster a (aft), v. to run a tilt.
dusti, m. grain of dust.
dufa (gen. pi. dufna), f. (i) dove,
pigeon ; (2) poet. wave.
dufl, n. noise made by submersion
(rare) ; dufla (aft), v. to make a noise
(when falling into water).
dufu-ligr, a. dove-like ; -ungi, m. a
young dove.
duka (aft), v. to cover with a cloth
(matsveinar foru at d. bor6).
duk-lauss, a. without a cloth.
dukr (-s, -ar), m. (i) any cloth or
textile fabric ; (2) table-cloth ; (3)
towel, napkin.
duk-slitr, n. rags of a cloth.
dun-beftr, n. a bed of down.
dun-hcegindi, n. pillow or bolster of
down ; -klfflfti, n. pi. bed-clothes of
eider-down ; -koddi, m. pillow of
down*
dunn, m. down, bed oj down (soft
hann d diini).
dura (aft), v. to nap, take a nap.
durr, m. nap, slumber.
diis, n. lull, dead calm ; opt kemr
ceSiregn or dusi, a lull is often
followed by a heavy shower.
dusa (aft), v. to quake (jor3 diisacH).
dvala (aft), v. to delay, put off, with
ace. (mun-a Helgi hjorping d.) ; with
dat. ; ef er dvali6 ferdinni, if you put
off the journey.
dvala, f. (i ) a long stay ; (2) delay.
dvalan, {.prolongation (d. lifs |)ins).
dval-samligr, a. slow, tardy (-sam-
ligt setr solarinnar) ; -samr, a. caus-
ing delay, e-m verSr -samt, one is
delayed.
dvelja (dvel, dvalda, dvaldr or
dvalinn), v. (i) to delay, d. for e-s,
to delay one's journey ; d. fer5 sina,
to put off one's (own] journey ; d.
dom, to defer judgement; d. ra6 fyrir
konu, to put off a woman's marriage',
gcitu >eir hann eptir dvalit, they
managed to keep him back ; d. e-n fra"
e-u, to keep one frojn doing' a thing',
absol., dvaldi pat fyrir fer5 peirra, it
delayed their journey ; (2) = dveljast,
to tarry (ok vildu eigi d. ok eigi bi6a
Olafs konungs) ; dvel eigi, tarry not !
make haste!', (3) with ace. of time,
to wait, stay (konungr dvaldi mestan
hluta sumars a" Ha"logalandi) ; d.
stund e-s, to hold one up ; d. af
stundir, to kill the time; (4) refl.,
dveljast, to stay, make a stay (dvaldist
par um hri3) ; sd dagr mun d., that
day will be long in coming ; d. munu
stundirnar d.Qr en sagt er allt Jsat, er
ek veit, // will take many hours, it
will be a long time, before all is told \
ef pat dvelst, at ek koma eigi hingat,
if I should be hindered from coming ;
impers., dvaldist peim par lengi, they
made a long stay there ; dvaldist peim
par at pvi, in (doing) that they lost
much time.
dvena (aft), v. an old form for
' dvina'.
dverg-mali, m. echo (steinn svarar
med -mcila).
dvergr (-s, -ar), m. (i) dwarf (ligr
DVINA
[99]
DYNJA
ok digr sem d.) ; (2) one of the short
pillars which support th/j beams and
rafters in a house ; (3) some kind of
ornament (? a brooch} in a lady's dress
(sat par kona . . . diikr var halsi,
dvergar d 6'xlum).
dvina (atSj, v. to dwindle ', cease,
subside (dvinar prod pjotanda hafs) ;
d. munda ek Idta ferSina, / would let
1he journey drop ; scekjum til borg-
arinnar ok geriS eigi at d. vi5, do not
saunter.
dvcl (gen. dvalar, pi. dvalar or
dvalir), f. ( I ) short stay, stop ; delay ;
eiga skamma dvol, to make a short
stay ; me<3an pessi d. (pause] var ;
bera til dvala, to cause delay ; (2) in
prosody, quantity.
dvol, n. pi. delay ; svd at engi skulu
d. a" vera, without delay ; ur5u d.
doegra, her life was prolonged.
dyblissa, dybliza, f. dungeon, =
myrkvastofa.
dyg(5, f. (i] probity, faithfulness ; H5
ok d. (help and faithful service] g65s
drengs ; trua e-m til dygSar um e-t,
to trust in one's integrity ; (2) virtue,
'virtuous deed (fyrir pvilikar dygSir
veitti guS honum sina miskunn) ; (3)
help (bi5i5 hann veita ySr d.) ; (4)
virtue, good quality (pat tre hefir
fjorar dygflir, pd lyrstu, at pat kann
eigi funa).
dygcSar-doemi, n. an instance of
virtuous action; -lauss, a. (i) devoid
of virtues (-laus gros) ; (2) wicked
(var hann svd -lauss, at) ; -leysi, n.
faithlessness, wickedness ; -ma&r, m.
/rusty man ; -verk, n. virtuous
action ; -pjonasta, f. efficacious, faith-
ful service.
dygftugr, a. (i) faithful, trusty
(d. maSr) ; (2) efficacious (dygdugt
oleum).
dyggi-liga, adv. (i] faithfully (var5-
veita e-t -liga) ; (2) thoroughly (-liga
purr) ; -ligr, a. faithful, honest (-lig
pjonosta).
dygg-leikr, m .faithfulness, probity.
dygg-liga, adv. = dyggiliga.
dyggr (accus. dyggvan, rarely
dyggan), a. faithful, trusty; dyggvar
drottir, worthy, good people.
dykr (pi. dykir), m. a crashing
noise ; vard af pvi d. mikill, it gave a
great crash.
dylgjur, f. pi. suppressed enmity
(voru dylgjur miklar me<5 peim).
dylja (dyl; dulda ; duldr, duller,
dulinn), v. (i) to keep (one) in
ignorance of a thing, d. e-n e-s (eigi
skalt pii pat gera at d. pik sjalfan
sanninda) ; d. e-s, to conceal, deny^
disavow ; >6rir dylr pess ekki, Th.
does not deny it ; Eysteinn duldi
peirra or5a fyrir sik, E. professed that
he had never said any such thing;
allir duldu, at ne eitt vissi til Hrapps,
all pretended ignorance about Hrapp ;
vera, ganga, duldr (duliSr, dulinn) e-s,
to be unaware of, to be kept in
ignorance of (hefir hon veritalls pessa
duld ; veit engi sett mina ok ganga
pess allir duldir) ; duliQ (dulin) ertu,
Hyndla, H., thou art mistaken
(deceived] ; duliSr (dulinn) at e-m,
mistaken aboiit one ; (2) refl., dyljast,
to conceal (hide] oneself; at pat se
flugumenn ok vili d. (disguise them"
selves] undir munka bunadi ; d. i e-u,
to conceal a thing from oneself, be
ignorant of ganga duldr e-s (Eirikr
konungr barf nu ekki at d. i pvi, at) ;
d. vi6 e-t, to refuse to acknowledge, to
ignore ; truit pessu eigi, meSan per
megit d., as long as you can ignore it,
till you get full evidence ; en Sveinn
duldist vi5 pat, but S. shrank from
believing it.
dylminn, a. careless, indifferent.
dymbil-dagar, m. pi. the three days
before Easter.
dymbildaga-vika, f. Holy W'eek,
Passion Week.
dyn-bj'alla, f. a tinkling bell.
dyngja, f. a lady's bower (bruSrin
sat i dyngju sinni um daginn).
dyngju-veggr, m. the wall of a
dyngja.
dynja (dyn, dunda, dunit), v. (i) to
boom t resound (fram rei5 O6inn, fold-
vegr dundi) ; (2) to gush, shower,
pour ; b!66 dynr or sdrum e-s, blood
gushes out of his wounds', dundi dkaft
regn or lopti, the rain poured down
in streams ; dundu a pa (or peim)
[100]
DYR-SKLNTtf
vdpnin, spjotin, the weapons (spears]
showered upon them.
dynkr, m. = dykr, dynr.
dynr (pi. -ir), f. dm, noise, clattering
of hoofs (ri6u peir helm mikinn dyn
\ tunit eptir horfium velli) ; engi d.
vercSr af hlaupi kattarins, noiseless are
the cat' 's steps ; gera sem mestan dyn,
to make the greatest noise ; koma e-m
dyn fyrir dyrr, to make a din before
one's doors, take one by surprise.
dyn-skot, n. a noisy but harmless
shot (ek mun skjota dynskot).
dyntr, m. = dykr, dynr.
dyr, n. pi. = dyrr, f. pi.
dyrgja (-tSa, -t5r), v. to take (fish)
with a hand-line (d. fiska).
dyrgja, f. dwarf woman.
dyri-gaBtti, n. door-frame ; -stafr,
m. door-post.
dyrr (gen. dura), f. pi. door-
opening, doorway (Oddr hljop ut or
durunum).
dys (-jar, -jar), f. cairn.
dysja (a<5), v. to bury in a cairn.
dyttr, m. dint, a nickname.
dy, n. qieaking bog, quagmire.
dyfa (-oa, -t), v. to dip (d. e-m i vatn).
dyja (dy, dutSa, duit), v. to shake ;
d. dorr, spjot, to shake the spears, to
fight ; skor nam at d., he shook (tossed]
his locks.
dyna, f. down-bed, feather-bed, pillow
or bolster filled with down.
dpt, f. depth.
dyr, n. (D animal, beast, quadruped,
opp. to birds and reptiles (skapari
manna, fugla ok dyra ok skriSkyk-
venda) ; (2) wild beast; deer (renna
hundum at dyrum, reisa dyr).
dyra-garcSr, m. (i) enclosure to catch
wild beasts', (2) a yard with wild
beasts ; -grof, f. a pit to catch wild
beasts', -hold, n., -kjot, n. flesh of
animals ; -leit, f. search for game ;
-rodd, f. voice of beasts ; -skinn, n.
skin of wild beasts ; -veiftr, f. deer-
hunting (fara a dyra-vei5i, vera at
dyra-vei6um).
dyr-bit, n. biting of lambs (sheep) by
foxes (eigi var5 bonda mein at -biti
sifian).
dyr8, f. glory (himnarikis d.).
dyr(5ar-dagr, m. day of glory , feast ;
-fullr, a..full of glory ; -hus, n. hoiise
of glory, -konungr, m. the King of
Glory (Christ) ; -korona, f. crown of
glory ; -lif, n. life of glory ; -ma$r,
m. a glorious man, saint ; -samliga,
adv. gloriously ; -samr, a. glorious ;
-stac5r, m. a glorious place ; -songr,
m. song of glory, hymn ; -verk, n.
glorious work.
dyr-gildr, a. dearly paid for;
-goldinn, pp. =-gildr; skal J>er J>at
-goldit ver&a, thou shalt pay dearly
for that ; -gripr, m. a thing of great
value, a treasure.
dyr-hundr, m. deer-hound, fox-
hound.
dyrka (aft), v. (i) to exalt, glorify
(gu5 dyrkaSi son sinn) ; (2) to cele-
brate (d. penna dag) ; d. hatffl e-s =
halda hdtid e-s ; (3) to worship (far
J)ii me6 m^r at d. drottin guQ J)inn) ;
to pray one reverentially (kastar hon
ser fram d golfit fyrir fcetr konungi
ok dyrkadi hann) ; refl., dyrkast, to
magnify oneself, to glory ; sd er dyr-
kast, iyrkist hann med gudi, he that
glorieth, let him glory in the Lord.
dyrkan, f. (i) adoration, worship
(veita go5um d.) ; ( 2) glorifying (d.
andar ok likama) ; -ligr, a. glorious.
dyr-kalfr, m. deer-calf.
dyr-keyptr, pp. dearly bought ;
-lagftr, pp. dearly rated; -leikr, m.
dearness ; -ligr, a. glorious (-ligr
klceSnaSr, -lig veizla) ; -lingr, m.
holy man, saint ; -msstr, a. precious.
dyrr (dyrri, dyrstr), a. (i) high-
priced, dear ; ek met hana dyrra en
aSrar, / put her at a higher price
than the rest ; (2) precious, costly
(skjoldinn ])ann inn dyra) ; dyrar
hallir, costly halls; inn dyri mjoQr,
the goodly mead; inn dyri hdttr,
artificial metre ; (3) of high worth,
worthy (in dyra drottning, Maria) :
skatna dyrstr, the best of men ; Jon
Loptsson, er dyrstr (noblest, worthiest)
ma3r er d landi J)essu.
dyrs-belgr, m. beast's skin ; -horn,
n. an ox-horn, esp. a drinking-horn ;
-hofuo", n. head of a deer.
dyr-skinn, n. deer-skin.
[101]
DOGG-FALL
dasla, f. ship's pump.
dfflldar-maSr, m. a gentle, easy man
(hann var engi -maSr ok hinn mesti
garpr).
deell, a. gentle, easy to deal ivith
(vertu nu dael medan ek em brautu ;
ekki potta ek dsell heima) ; pat er
eigi svd daelt ( = au5velt, easy] at taka
SigurQ jarl af lifdogum ; dash er
heima hvat, anything will pass at
home-, gera ser daelt vi3 e-n, to put
oneself on a free, familiar footing
ivith one (>6r<3r gerSi ser daslt vi6
pau f>orvald ok GuSrunu) ; ek mun
nu gera mer daslt um rd5ag0r6 vid
pik, / will take the liberty to give
thee straightforward advice.
dael-leiki, -leikr,m. familiarity ; gor
allt \ -leikum vi3 oss, make no cere-
mony with us ; -ligleikr, m. = -leikr ;
-ligr, a. pleasant to look at, genteel.
daelu-austr, m. baling out a ship
with a dasla ; -ker, n. a kind of
bucket.
dsBsa f-ta, -t), v. to fetch a deep
groan (d. vi5) ; refl., daesast, to be-
come exhausted.
deestr, pp. exhausted, worn out.
dcegr, n. (i) one half of the astron.
day, twelve hours of the day or night
(\ degi doegr tvau, i dcegri stundir
tolf; tuttugu ok fjorar stundir skulu
vera i tveimr dcegrum) ; (2) an astro-
nomical day ; twenty- four hours ;
sjau dcegra sigling, a sail of seven
days (between Norway and Iceland).
doegra-far, n. the division of day
and night ; -mot, n. the twilight at
morning and evening ; -skipti, n. =
-far; -stytting, f. pastime ; -tal, n.
calculation of time.
dosgr-far, n. = dcegrafar ; -ganga,
f. twelve ho^trs > walk.
doel, doeld, f. a little dale, recess.
doell, m. dalesman, mostly in plur.
compounds (Laxdcelir, Fljotsdcelir,
Vatnsdcelir, &c.).
dcelska, f. idle talk, nonsense.
dcelskr, a. foolish , folskr.
doema (-da, -dr), v. (i) to give
judgement^ pass sentence ; d. mdl, to
give judgement in a case ; d. dom, to
give a verdict or sentence ; d. sekt,
utlegS, to pass sentence of a fine, out-
lawry ; d. eindaga d fd, to fix a term
for payment ; d. log, to pass a lawful
sentence; d. e-n skogarmann, to pro-
claim one an outlaw ; d. e-m e-t, to
adjudge a thing to one ; d. e-m dom,
to deal out a sentence to one ; d. e-n
af e-u, to declare one to have forfeited
(d. e-n af sinni scemd) ; d. um e-t, to
judge of; (2) to talk, converse ; d. vi6
e-n, to talk with one ; drekka ok d.,
to drink and talk ; en er peir dttu of
pessa hluti at d., when they were
talking of those things.
dcema-i'att, a. n. almost unexampled;
-froc5r, a. wise in old instances \
-lauss, a. unexampled; -maftr, m. a
man to be imitated.
dcemandi (pi. -endr), m. a judge =
domandi, domari.
doami, n. (i) proof, reason; draga
peir eigi sizt til dcemis par um, at, in
proof of this they specially adduce the
fact, that ; (2) incident , fact ; po hafa
morg dcemi ordit i forneskju, yet
many things have happened in olden
times ; hoi 6 dcemi, hard fate ; at
eigi verSi oss Adams d., that the
same shall not happen to us as to A.;
(3) tale, story (Ari prestr fr63i, er
morg dcemi spaklig hefir saman sett) ;
(4) poem, verses (pessi dcemi oil eru
kveSin um penna atburQj ; (5) quota-
tion (draga fram dcemi af bokum) ;
(6) example for imitation, model
(eptirdcemum kristinna manna) ; taka
d. af e-m, to take an example by one ;
(7) example, instance, precedent (djarf-
ari en dcemi munu til vera) ; umtram
d., or dcemum, unexampled, unprece-
dented (kom pd. sva mikill snjor, at
pat var or dcemum) ; meirr en til
dcemis or til dcema, beyond anything
known ; til dcemis at taka (draga), to
take an example.
dcemi-lauas, a. = dcema-lauss.
deeming, i. judgement.
dcemi-saga, f. tale, fable ; parable ;
-stoll, m. judgement seat.
dof, f. (i) rump (dofin dyrsins) ;
(2) a kind of spear.
dogg (gen. doggvar, dat. dogg or
doggu; pi. doggvar), f. dew; -fall,
DOGG-LATJSS
[102]
EFA1ST-LEIKR
n. dew-fall, deposit of dew ; -lauss,
a. dewless ; -litr, a. besprinkled with
dew ; -ottr, a. bedewed.
cLgg-skor, m. chape (of a sheath} ;
-slocS, f- track left in the dew ; ok
draga kyrtlarnir -sloSina, the tunics
brush the dew.
doggva (a(5 or -c5a), v. (i) to bedew
(doggvir hann jorSina af meldropum
sinum) ; (2) to irrigate, water.
doggvan, f. bedewing, irrigation.
doggvar-drep, n. mark (foot-print)
in the dew.
dcggving, f. irrigation^ doggvan.
doglingr, m. king, descendant of
king Dag.
dogurftr, m. = dagverdr.
dpkk-blar, a. dark-blue ; -brunaSr,
-brunn, a. dark-brown ; -groenn, a.
dark-green ; -harr, a. dark-haired ;
-jarpr, a. dark-auburn (-jarpr hdr) ;
-leikr, m. duskiness ; -litaSr, pp.
dark-coloured.
d0kkna (a$), v. to darken (himin-
tunglin d0kkna).
d0kknan, f. darkening.
d0kkr (ace. -van), a. dark ; d. a
ha>, dark-haired.
d0kk-rau&r, a. dark-red.
d0kkva (-ta, -tr), v. to darken, to
make dark.
d0kkvi, m. a dark spot.
E
ebreska, f. the Hebrew language.
ebreskr, a. Hebraic (ebresk tunga).
ecSa or ecSr, conj., (i) or ; fyrr e<5a
si6ar, sooner or later ; annathvdrt . . .
e6a, either . . . or; hvrt . . . e6a,
whether (if) ... or ; hvdrt er . . . eda,
whether ...or\ (2) in comparison of
two unlike things, and (mikinn mun
eigum ver at gera pin eQa annarra
heimamanna) ; (3) after a comparative,
and perhaps (ek em eigi verri riddari
en S. konungr, e6a nokkuru betri) ;
(4) introducing a question, but (ek
heiti AuQgisl, eda ertu H. vand-
rseSaskdld ?) ; (5) sometimes after a
negation, = ne', nor (peir munu hvdrki
fyrir sjd fe* sinu eQa fjorvi).
edda, f. (\) great-grandmother \ (2)
the name of the book Edda, written
by Snorri Sturluson, c. 1220.
edik, n. vinegar.
eSla, f. adder, 7'/^<?r, = ey5la.
eftli (in old MSS. written 0Sli), n.
^i) nature ; manns e., mannligt e.,
human nature; arnar e., the eagle's
nature ; pat er i mod ndtturligu e., it
is against the order of nature ; (2)
origin, extraction (hann var valskr
at astt ok e.) ; (3) foetus (potti henni
kviknat hafa e. sitt).
e$li-borinn, pp. born in wedlock.
efclis-log, n. pi. law of nature ;
-skapan, -skepna, f. natural con-
dition or quality ; -skynsemd, f.
native intelligence.
ec5l-vina, {.friend of vipers (dub.).
e(5r, conj., see 'e5a'.
ef (older form if), conj. (i) if, in
case (aldri hefSir pii i borgina komit,
ef ek hefSa vitat) ; in poetry generally
with subj. ; vega pu gakk, ef vreidr
seir (ser), if thou be wroth ; (2)
= hvart, if, whether (Egill spurdi, ef
hann vildi upp or grofinni) ; (3) as
a relat. part., sa ef=sa er (rare).
ef or if, n. doubt ; ef er d. e-u, it is
doubtful; ekki er til efs, at, it cannot
be doubted that; utan ef, without doubt.
efa or if a (aS), v. to doubt (engi efar
bat) ; e. um e-t, to doubt about a
thing; refl., efast i e-u, to hesitate in,
be in doubt ; e. um e-t = efa um e-t ;
with gen., e. e-s, to change one's mind
in a matter.
efaft-samligr, a. doubtful; -semd,
f. doubtfulness, uncertainty.
efa-laualiga, adv. without doubt ;
-lauss, a. indubitable, certain ; -laust,
adv. without doubt, certainly.
efan, f. doubt, doubting.
efanar-lauss, a. undoubted; -laust,
adv. undoubtedly, indubitably.
efan-leikr, m. doubtfulness ; -leikr
sagnar, ambiguity of expression ;
EFAN-LIGR
[103]
EGO
-ligr, a. (l) doubtful', (2) hesitating,
irresolute ; (3) uncertain (efanligt er
mannsins e6li).
efa-samliga, adv. doubtfully, -semd,
f. ( I ) doubt (an -semd) ; (2) ambiguity
(-semd andsvarsins) ; -sok, f. doubtful
case (in law),
efja, f. mud, ooze.
efla (-da, -dr), v. (i) to strengthen
structurally, to reinforce (e. veggi) ;
letu peir e. at nyju Danavirki, they
restored the Danish wall; (2) to
found, raise (e. stad, kirkju) ; e. her
(113) d hendr e-m, to raise troops
against one ; e. e-n, to support ', aid
(efldi Dofri hann siSan til rikis i
Noregi) ; e. e-n til rangs mals, to
help one in an unjust cause ; (3) to
perform ; e. heit, to make a vow ; e.
at brullaupi, to hold a wedding', (4)
to be able (sem ver eflum ok orkum ) ;
(5) refl., eflast. to grow strong (hann
fann, at motstodumenn hans efldust) ;
e. at her, to gather, raise troops ; e.
til rikis, to win a kingdom (by force
of arms] ; poet., e. vi5 e-n, to marry
into one's family t ==YQ3g}a.s\..
ef-laust, adv. undoubtedly, without
doubt (eflaust ma hann pat vita).
efling, f. (i) strengthening, increase
in strength ; (2) aid, support.
efna (-da, -dr), v. to perform, fulfil
(e. or5 sin, saett, heit) ; refl., efnast, to
turn out in a certain way (efndist pat
ok vel ; pat efnist opt ilia).
efha (ac5), v. to prepare, make
arrangements, for a thing (e. til vetr-
setu, veizlu, kaupstaQar).
efna-fsB(5, f., -leysi, n., -skortr, m.
scarcity, want, or shortness of means.
efnd, f. fulfilment of a promise (raun
mun eptir fara urn efndir).
efni, n. (i) stuff, material (svd. skildu
peir, at allir hlutir vasri smi5a5ir af
nokkuru efni) ; ek em gorr af ustyrku
efni, / am made of frail stuff', cf.
biskups-, bruSar-, frasgSar-, konu-,
konungs-, mdgs-, manns-, mungdts-,
smi6ar-efni ; (2) matter of discourse,
subject, theme (t>ryti m6r fyrr stundin
til frasagnar en efnit til umrceflu) ;
eigi me6 sonnu e., with untrue state-
ment, falsely ; nu er uti mitt e., now
my story is at an end', (3) matter^
affair (segir konungr frd b'llu pessu e.) ;
fdtt er betr latit en e. eru til, few
things are reported better than they
really are ; (4) cause, reason ; latast
ba'Sir af pvi e., both die from this
cause-, fyrir pat e. (for that reason]
keypti hann landit ; (5) state, condi-
tion, affair ; sag6i, hver e. i voru, he
told how matters stood', ek veit eigi
gorla e. Gunnlaugs, how G.'s affairs
stand; kominn i uvsent e., into a
critical condition ; ottalauss i ollu e.,
in every respect ; er pessi hlutr kom
til efnis, when this came about ; berr
pat til efnis, at, it happens that ; (6)
pi., means', ok bjuggust um eptir
peim efnum, sem peir hof<5u til,
according to their means ; engi voru e.
annars, par voru engi e. b'nnur, there
was no other chance or choice.
efhi-ligr, a. hopeful, promising
(efniligir menn) ; ekki efniligt, not
advisable.
efning, f. keeping, fulfilment, =?fa&.
efni-tr6, n. wood-materials, timber.
efri (older form 0fri), a. compar.,
efstr (older form 0fstr), a. superl.,
(i) upper, uppermost, opp. to 'neSri,
neSstr ' ; bera efra skjold, to gain the
victory ; ver6a e-m e., to be superior
to ; hit efra, (a) high above ground
(fara hit efra i trjam sem apynjur e5a
ikornar) ; (b) the upper or inland
road, opp. to 'hit ytra', along the
shore (sumir foru hit efra til frihyrn-
ingshcilsa) ; by land, opp. to the sea ;
(c] of the inner part of a building,
opposed to 'hit fremra' or the part
nearest the door (konungr settist i
hdsasti ok alskipat var hit efra ok hit
fremra) ; (2) latter, last ; petta var
inn efra hlut sumars, towards the end
of summer', d efra aldri, advanced in
years', efsti domr, the last judge-
ment ; efsta vika langafostu, the last
week of Lent, Passion Week.
EgtSir, m. pi. the inhabitants of
Agdir, a ' fylki ' in Norway.
eg(5skr, a. from AgSir.
egg (gen. pi. eggja), n. egg.
egg (gen. -jar, dat. -ju; pi. -jar),
f. edge ; ey6a (verja) oddi ok eggju,
EGG-BITINN
[104J
EIGA
by force of arms, with m:'ght and
main.
egg-bitinn, pp. aft, wounded by an
edge', -elningr, m. a scythe having
an ell-long edge ; -farvegr, m. the
print of an edge ; -hvass, a. sharp-
edged, sharp (-hvast jam).
eggja (aft), v. to incite, egg one on
to do a thing (e. e-n e-s or til e-s or
a e-t) ; e. e-n fram, to urge one on ;
refl., lata at eggjast, to yield to
another's egging on ; e. upp a* e-n, to
pick a quarrel with one, provoke one ;
recipr. to egg one another on (eggjud-
ust nil fast hvdrirtveggju).
eggja-broddr, m. sharp-edged spike.
eggjan, f. edging on, goading.
eggjanar-fifl, n. fool, cafs paw ;
or 5, n. pi. inciting (egging] words.
eggjari, m. egger-on. inciter.
egg-leikr, m. poet, play with sharp
weapons, battle ; -m6(5r, a. poet.
sword-smitten.
egg-skurn, f. egg-shell.
egg-steinn, m. sharp-edged stone',
-teinn, m. ''edge-twig'', the steeled
edge of a sword; svd at fal ba6a
-teina sverflsins, so that both edges of
the sword were hidden.
egg-tit5, f. egg- seas on ; -ver, n. ' egg-
field'' (a place where eggs of sea-birds
are gathered).
egg-volr, m. the steeled edge of an
axe (hann snerpir eggvolinn).
Kgipta-land, n. the land of Egypt.
egipzkr, a. Egyptian.
egna (-da, -dr), v. (i) to use as a
bait, with dat. (e. oxahoffli d 6'ngul) ;
(2) to furnish with a bait, to bait,
with ace. (e. snoru, net, gildru) ; (3)
to bait for (e. aurriSa) ; e. veiSi, to
set bait for the prey ; (4) to incite,
provoke.
ei, adv. (i) ever, = ey, as ; ei ok ei,
for ever and ever; (2) not, = eigi (as
: aldri' for * aldrigi').
ei(5, n. isthmus, neck of land (mjott e.).
ei(5a, f. poet, mother (rare).
eifta-brig'ca, n. breach of oath ;
-fullting, n. oath-help; -kona, f.
female compurgator; -11$, n. oath-
helpers, compurgators ; -mal, n. the
matter of taking an oath.
ei8-brot$ir, m. a sworn confederate ;
-bundinn, pp. oath-bound; -fall, n.
failing in one's oath ; -fcera (-<5a,
-Sr), v. to charge one with a thing by
an oath ; -fcering, -foersla, f. charging
by an oath ; -foerr, a. able, competent
to take an oath ; -hjalp, n. oath-help ;
-laust, adv. without an oath.
ei5r (-s, -ar), m. oath ; vinna, sverja
ei5, to take (swear] an oath ; rjufa
ei<5, to break an oath ; ganga 1 il eiSa,
to proceed to the taking of oaths ; eigi
verSr einn ei5r alia, a single oath does
not clear all men.
eiS-rof, n. breach of an oath ; -rofi,
m. violator of an oath, perjurer ;
-spjall, n. taking of an oath ; hlyda
til -spjalls e-s, to listen to one's oath ;
-stafr, m. oath-formula ; -svari, m.
one bound by oath, liege-man ; -scerr,
a. that may be sworn to, absolutely
true ; -unning, f. thetaking of an oath ;
-varr, a. cautious (conscientious) as
to an oath ; -vsetti, n. testimony on
oath.
eiga (a, atta, attr), v. (i) to own,
Possess (Starkadr atti hest godan) ;
(2) to have (e. born, foSur, moflur,
vin) ; e. konu, to have her for wife ;
hann dtti Gro, he was married to G. ;
hann gekk at e. J>6ru, he took Th.for
his wife, he married Th. ; enga vil
ek pessa e., / will not marry any of
these ; e. heima, to have a home, to
live (peir dttu heima austr \ Mork) ;
e. se*r e-t = e. e-t (Hoskuldr dtti ser
dottur, er HallgerSr het) ; e. van e-s,
to have hope of a thing, to reckon
upon ; e. hlut at or i e-u, to have a
share in a thing, to be concerned in ;
e. valcl d e-u, to have within one's
Power ; (3) to be under obligation, be
obliged, have to do a thing ; tolf menn,
peir er fylgd attu me6 konungi, who
were bound to attend the king's
person ; a ek par fyrir at sja", / am
bound (I have) to see to that ; dtti
Hrutr for \ Vestfjordu, H. had to go to
the V.; (4) to have a right (claim}
to, be entitled to (e. hogg ok hofn i
skoginum) ; e. mal d e-m, to have a
charge against one; e. re"tt d ser, to
have a (personal) claim to redress ;
EIGA
[105]
EIGTT
(5) to keep, hold', e. fund, ping, sam-
kvdmu, stefnu, to hold a meeting ; e.
kaupstefnu, to hold a market', e.
orrustu vid e-n, to fight a battle with
one ; e. hogg vid e-n, to exchange
blows with one; e. illt vi8 e-n, to
quarrel with ; e. tal (or ma"l) vid e-n,
to speak, converse with one ; (6) as
an auxiliary with pp. = hafa (pat er
vid a'ttum maslt) ; e. skilit, to have
stipulated '; (7) to have to (skal .
eigi at pvi e. at spotta) ; e. hendr
sfnar at verja, to have to act in self-
defence', e. um vandrasdi at halda, to
be in a strait ; (8) e. e-m e-t, to owe
to one (mun ae, hvat pu dtt peim er
veitir) ; (9) to be the person denoted
by a thing', pat muntu astla, at ek
mun e. hinn bleika uxann, that the
fawn-coloured ox means me ; ( I o)
with preps., e. e-t at e-m, to have
something due from one, to expect
from one (pat vil ek e. at per, at pu
segir mer frd ferd pinni) ; to deserve
from one (ok d. ek annat at per) ; peir
er mikit pottust at ser e., had much
in their power ; e. e-t eptir, to have
to do yet, to have left undone (pat
attu eptir, er eriidast er, en pat er at
deyja) ; to leave behind one (andadist
ok dtti eptir tva sonu vaxna) ; e. e-t
saman, to own in common ; e. skap
saman, to agree well, be of one mind',
eigi veit ek. hvdrt vid eigum heill
saman, whether we shall live happy
together ; e. saman, to quarrel, e.
deild saman ; e. um vid e-n, to have
to deal with (vid brogdotta attu nu
um) ; par sem vid vim mfna er um at
e., where my friends are concerned',
e. e-t undir e-m, to have in another's
hands-, Nja'll atti mikit fe undir
Starkadi ok i Sandgili, N. had much
money out at interest with St. and at
Sandgil ; er sd eigi vel staddr, er Iff
sitt d undir pinum trunadi, whose life
depends on thy good faith', e. mikit
(litit) undir ser, to have much (little]
in one's power ; far pii vid marga
menn, svd at pu eigir allt undir per,
that the whole matter rests in thy
own hands ; hann sd, at hann dtti ekki
undir ser, that he had no influence ;
e. vid e-n, to have to do with, fight
with (brdtt fundu peir, at peir dttu
r ekki vid sinn maka) ; ekki d. ek
petta vid pik, this is no business
between thee and me ; e. gott (illt) vid
-n, to be on good (bad] terms with
one e. vid konu, to have intercourse
with, = e. lag (samraedi) vid konu ;
recipr., eigast vid, to deal with one
another; fight , quarrel ; e. vid deildir,
to be engaged in strife ; dttust peir
hoggvaskipti vid, they exchanged
blows with one another.
eiga, f. (i) possession; kasta sinnt
eigu, leggja sina eigu, a e-t, to take
Possession of; (2) property.
eigandi (pi. eigendr), m. owner,
Possessor.
eigi, adv. not ; eigi . . . ok, nor (e. vil
ek ok pat mitt rdd kalla).
eigin, n. (i) one's own, one's pro-
perty ; (2) new sprout of corn.
eigin, a. indecl. own, = eiginn (var
jardadr i sinni e. borg) ; this * eigin '
may also be considered as the first
part of a compound ; -borg, f. one's
own town ; -bondi, m. husband ;
-brceftr, m. pi. one's own brothers ;
-dottir, f. one's own daughter ; -gipt-
ast (see gipta), v. refl., to marry, be
married to (of a woman) ; -girnd,
-girni, f. selfishness ; -gjarnligr, a.
selfish ; -husfru, -kona, -kvan, f.
wife ; -kvangaftr, -kveentr, pp. law-
fully married (of a man) ; -kyn, n.
peculiarity ; -lauss, a. having no
Property ', poor; -leikr, m. quality,
peculiarity ; -liga, adv. properly,
strictly ; -ligr, a. one's own, personal,
particular ; sjd -ligum augum, with
one's own eyes; -ligt nafn, proper
name ; -maor, m. husband.
eiginn, a. own, proper (med sam-
pykt eiginnar konu).
eigin-nafn, n. proper name ; -orcS,
n. (i) possession ; f e-t at -ordi, to
get possession of, opp. to 'fa e-t at
lani'; (2) wedding, marriage (bj6da
e-m konu til -ords) ; -raun, f. ons
own experience ; -tunga, f. one's own
native tongue.
eign, f. (i) property, possession ;
kasta sinni e., leggja e. sina, a e-t, to
EIGNA
[106]
EIN-FALDLIGLEIKR
take possession of; (2) estate, landed
property, esp. pi. (hann a"tti eignir f
Vfk austr).
eigna (a(5), v. (i) to assign, attribute
to one (eigna e-m e-t) ; eigna se"r e-t,
to declare a thing to be one's own
property, to take to oneself; eigna s6r
land, to take land into one's own
hands ; refl., eignast, to become the
owner of, to get ; (2) to dedicate to,
name after one (eigna e-m kvseSi,
eigna f>6r hof).
eignaftr, pp. having possessions or
property (vel eignadr).
eigna-lauss, a. having no property,
destitute.
eignar-akall, n. claim of owner-
ship ; -broSir, m. one's own brother ;
-hlutr, m. (l) private share, property ;
(2) part of an estate ; -jorS, f. patri-
mony ; -kona, f. = eiginkona; -lyrittr,
m. legal title of ow tier ship ; -mac5r,
m. owner, possessor ; -nafn, n. proper
name ;
-sonr, m. one s own son ;
-spusa, f. = -kona; -vili, m. one's
own will ; -vitni, -vaetti, n. witness
of ownership.
eigna-skipti, n. exchange of land.
ei-g6(5r, a. ' ever good' ', beloved, as a
nickname ; -grcenn, a. evergreen.
eigu-ligr, a. worth having, precious.
eik (gen. eikar and eikr, pi. eikr),
f. oak, also a tree in general.
eikar-kefli, m. oaken stick ; -stofn,
-stubbi, m. oak stump, oak stub.
eiki, n. oak timber ; -ass, m. oaken
beam ; -kylfa, f. oaken club ; -kostr,
m. pile of oak wood.
eikinn, a. wild, vehement (of fire].
eiki-skogr, m. oak wood, oak forest ;
-stobbi, m. stump of an oak ; -stokkr,
m. oak stock ; -sula, f. oaken column ;
-tinda&r, pp. with oaken pegs ; -viSr,
m. oak wood, oak timber ; -vondr, m.
twig of an oak tree.
eikja, f. a small ferry-boat.
eikju-karfi, m.= eikja.
ei-ligr, a. eternal (rare).
eilif 8, f. eterjiity, eternal life.
eilif (5ar-fri5r, m. everlasting peace ;
-yndl, n. everlasting happiness ;
ombun, f. eternal recompense.
ei-lifi. n. = eilff5.
eilifis-fagnaSr, m. everlasting joy.
eilif-leikr, m. eternity ; -liga, adv.
eternally, to all eternity; -ligr, a.
eternal, everlasting.
ei-lifr, a. eternal, everlasting; at
-\ifu t for ever and ever.
ei-litill, a. very small, very little.
eimi, eimr, m. reek, vapour.
ei-muni, m. an ever memorable
thing; ; bat er beim -muni, they will
never forget it.
eimyrja, f. embers (eldr ok e.; allr
er asgir sem \ eimyrju hrceri).
eina, adv. only, alone.
ein-angr, m. a great strait (vaskr,
oruggr, i einangri); -angra (atS), v. to
Put one in a strait.
einarcSar-fatt, a. n., e-m ver6r -fatt,
one fails in courage; -lauss, a.
wavering, treacherous ; -ley si, n.
inconstancy, unreliableness \ -macSr,
m. a steadfast, trusty man.
einar5-liga, adv. firmly, heartily ;
-ligr, a. firm, determined-looking,
faithful; -maBltr, a. frank, out-
spoken.
einartSr, a. (i) single (einart bak) ;
(2) firm, determined, reliable.
einart, adv. (i) incessantly; (2)
straight, directly.
ein-bakaftr, pp. once-baked; -bani,
m. single-handed slayer; -berni, n.
only child; -beyg<5r, pp. sole, only
(-beyg6r kostr) ; -bjarga, a. indecl.
self-supporting, independent; -breiSr,
a. of a single breadth, half a yard
broad (of stuff) ; -bui, m. single
dweller; -bosli, n. single household;
-daga (a$), v. to fix a day for a thing
(eindaga fe, bing, leigu, brullaup) ;
-dagi, m. a fixed time, term ; -droegr,
a. incessant, continuous (gerum beim
eindrcegja hridina) ; -doemi, n. (i) the
right to be sole arbiter in a case ; (2)
an unexampled thing; -eggjaftr, pp.
one-edged; -ei<5i (=eins ei5r), n.
single oath ; -eign, f. sole ownership ;
-eygSr, a. one-eyed; -falda (aS), v.
to use in the singular ; einfalda akall,
to address with ' thou ' ; -faldleikr,
m. simplicity ; -faldliga, adv. simply,
singly ; -faldligleikr, m. = -fald-
leikr.
EIN-FALDR
[107]
ein-faldr, a. (i) simple; single; (2)
weak in intellect, silly, (3) plain,
common (einfaldr bondi) ; -farar, f.
pi. walking alone ; -feldi, f. simplicity,
weak intellect ; -feldr, a. bent on one
thing, resolute ; -ferftir, f. pi. = -farar ;
-fyndr, a. (i) belonging to the finder
alone (hvalr einfyndr) ; (2) as finder
entitled to the whole (einfyndr at
hval) ; -foorr, a. able to go alone;
-foetingr, m. one-legged man ; -foettr,
pp. one-legged; -for, f., see -farar.
einga, a. mdecl. only, single ; e. barn,
only child; e. vinr, only friend, inti-
mate friend.
ein-ganga, f. solitary walk ; ganga
eingongu, to walk alone ; -getinn,
pp. only begotten ; -hama, a. indecl.,
-hamr, a. single-shaped, opp. to
'hamrammr'; f>rndr var kallaSr
eigi einhamr, Th. was thought to be
a werewolf; -har(5r, a. = einarSr ;
-hendis, adv. straight, off-hand;
-hendr, a. one-handed; -herjar, m.
pi. the dead warriors (in Valhalla) ;
sing., einheri, great champion (of
Thor) ; -hjal, n. private talk (between
two] ; -hleypingr, m., -hleypismacSr,
m. single person without hearth or
home ; -hleypr, a. single, unmarried ;
-hlitr, -A., fully sufficient, adequate (til
e-s, to] ; lata sdr e-t einhlftt, to rest
satisfied with ; vera ser einhlitr, not
to need the help of others ; -huga(5-
liga, adv. unanimously; -hugi, a.
wholly inte?it on (a e-t) ; -hugsa (ac5),
v. to make up one's mind; -hverfa
(-t$a, -5r) t v. to turn a thing in one
direction ; einhverfa setlan sina fyrir
ser, to decide ^^pon doing 1 a thing ;
-hverfr, a. determined; -hverr,
pron., see 'einnhverr'; einhvers
stadar, somewhere ; -hyrndr, a. one-
horned; -hyrningr, m. unicorn.
einigr, a. (i) any ; (2) no, = engi.
eining, f. unity (>rennr i einingu).
einir (gen. einis), m. juniper.
ein-jarnungr, m. a cutting tool or
weapon made of one piece of iron.
einka (ac5), v. to appoint for a
Peculiar use (einka e-t til e-s).
einka-, in compds., special, par-
ticular; -gjdf, f. special gift; -grift,
n. special truce ; -gripr, m. special
family heirloom ; -jartegn, n. special
token ; -leyfi, -lof, n. special leave ;
-rnaSr, m. a person of special rank,
dignitary; -mal, n. (i) special agree-
ment ; (2) privilege.
einkan-liga, adv. especially, par-
ticularly ; -ligr, a. special, extra-
ordinary.
ein-kanna (aft), v. = einka, to assign
specially.
einkanna-hlutr, m. a distinguishing
mark or feature.
einkar, adv. very, exceedingly (e.
fagr, hrasddr) ; e. injok, very much ;
e. skjott, with great speed; e. vel,
extremely well; in compds. with
nouns = einka- ; -eftli, n. special
nature ; -nafn, n. proper name ;
-skriptargangr, m. special confes-
sion.
einka-sasla, f. particular or personal
happiness ; -vinr, m. a particular
friend.
ein-kenna (-da, -dr), v. to furnish
with a distinctive mark, distinguish,
signalize ; -kenniligr, a. especial,
particular ; -kenning, f. distinction.
einkum, adv. (i) chiefly, especially ;
(2) very (e. godr, e. bezt).
ein-kunn, f. mark of ownership (on
animals) ; -kvasntr, pp. having only
one wife; -kynna (-da, -dr), v. to
mark (animals) ; -lagi, a., vera, gerast
einlagi um e-t, to act alone in a thing;
-lat, n. deserting one's wife or husband
(cf. ' lata konu eina ') ; -leikr, in.
unity ; -leitr, a. singular in one's
behaviour, odd; -litr, a. of one
colour ; -lyndi, n. obstinacy, stubborn-
ness ; -lyndr, a. obstinate, stubborn ;
-leeti, n. (i) = einlyndi ; (2) = -Idt ;
aetla konu einlasti, to intend to desert
one's wife ; -mall, a. opinionated ;
-man, n. solitude; bua i einmani, to
live in solitude ; -mana, a. indecl.
solitary, lonely, friendless.
einmanaSar-samkvama, f. a meet-
ing held in * einmdnaQr '.
ein-manaftr, m. the last month of
winter (part of March and April) ;
-mani, a. = -mana ; -menningr, m.,
drekka einmenning, to empty the
EIN-M6DLIGA
[108]
EIN-SKIPA
drinking-horn each one by himself;
-moftliga, adv. firmly, resolutely ;
-maeli, n. (i) private talk or con-
ference ; (2) common talk (var pat
allra manna einmaali) ; -m.89lingr, m.
one meal only ; hafa einmasling, to
eat one meal a c'ay; -maBlt, adv. once
a day, one meal a day (eta, drekka
einmadt) ; -maeltr, pp. unanimously
said (pat var einmaelt, at).
einn, card. numb, and pron. (i) one;
e. skal vi3 e. eiga, one shall fight
against one ; e. ok e., one by one, one
at a time., singly, (2) as ord. numb.
= inn fyrsti (Ur5 hetu eina, aSra Ver-
Sandi, Skuld ina priftju) ; (3) the
same, one and the same (varu svein-
arnir upp foeddir baQir f einu porpi) ;
allt d eina leicS, all in one way ; e. . .
ok, the same as (i einu herbergi ok
hinn); allr e., tlie very same, quite
the same (pat er allt eitt ok himinn) ;
allt at einu, nevertheless, for all that
(po at pu pjonafiir ilium, j)6 var hann
allt at einu pinn herra) ; (4) indef.
one, a certain (e. vetr, e. dag, eitt
kveld) ; e. vinr f>6ris, a certain friend
of Th. ; before numbers, about, some ;
einar fimm piisundir, some five
thousand; einir . . aQrir, some . . others
(einir tdku duka ok a5rir rekkju-
bla?jur); e. ok ymiss, one and another
(einar ok ymissar pjodir); (5) after a
negation, any ; ne eitt, not anything;
(6) gen. pi. 'einna' used in an inten-
sive sense ; einna manna bezt, best of
all (single] men ; einna verst, by far
the worst ; einna sizt, by far the least,
least of all ; engi er einna hvatastr,
no man is sttperior to all others; (7)
alone (Gufirun skyldi ein ra6a fyrir fe
peirra) ; lata konu eina, to desert or
divorce one's wife; with gen., hann
vard e. sinna manna, he was separated
from his men ; if put after the noun
' einn ' generally denotes only, but ;
segja petta prett einn, to call this a
mere trick ; vin eitt, wine only ; var
pat (handklaeSi) raufar einar, all in
holes, mere tatters ; fair einir, only a
Jew ; e. ser or ser e., quite by oneself,
alone (hann var e. ser) ; e. saman, e.
samt, quite alone ; kona eigi ein
saman, not alone, with child; at eins,
only, but ; eigi at eins, not only ; pvi
at eins, only in that case ; udau6r at
eins, merely not dead, all but dead,
barely alive; at einu = at eins.
ein-nefna (-da, -dr), v. to appoint.
einn-hverr (ei.n-h.ver, eitt-hvert),
indef. pron.; except in nom. and ace.
sing. masc. and neut. ein- is generally
indecl. ; (i) some, some one; einn-
hvern dag. some day ; eitthvert sinn,
einhverju sinni, sometime, once ; as a
noun (meflan einnhverr varr biiand-
anna er h'fs) ; (2) as an intensive
with superl. ; agaetastr ma5r einn-
hverr, one of the very foremost men ;
(3) each, each one, usually in two
words (or peirra fjordungi sem or
einum hverjum 65rum).
einnig, einnug ( = einn veg), adv.
in the same way, likewise, also ; e.
( = einn veg), in the same manner.
ein-nsettr, a. one night old ; -rac5inn,
pp. having made up one's mind,
resolved (\ e-u, til e-s, upon] ; hafa
einracHt at gera e-t, to have made up
one's mind to do a thing; -rdtSr, a.
self-willed; -reikull, a. inclined to
roam about alone ; -raB&i, n. self-will ;
-rcetSa, f. private conference; -rcen-
ligr, a. strange, odd ; -roenn, a. sin-
gular in his behaviour.
eins, adv. alike, in the same way ;
e. ok, as (bar e. vi5 ok i Valpjofs-
sto5um) ; as if (e. ok vasri hann meQ
ollu ottalauss) ; allt e. <&.,just as (allt
e. ok rakkar metja med tungu) ; allt e.
= allt at einu, see einn 3 ; at eins, see
einn 7.
ein-samall, a. alone (rare) = einn
saman.
ein-seta, f. (i) solitude; (^solitary
life, hermit's life ; (3) hermitage.
einsetu-brocSir, m. anchoret, recluse,
hermit ; -klefi, -kofi, m. hermit's
cell ; -kona, f. hermitess, anchoress ;
-lifnaSr, m. the life of an anchoret,
hermit s life ; -ligr, a. pertaining to
einseta ; -lif, n. = -lifnafir ; -mac5r,
-munkr, m. = -br66ir.
eins-hverr, indef. pron. = einnhverr.
ein-skapan, f. the right to fix one's
own terms ; -skipa, a. indecl. with a
EHST-SKIRR
[109]
EISA
single ship (t>u sigldir einskipa) ;
-skirr, a. perfectly dear (einskirt
ve6r) ; -skjaldar, adv. under the
same shield, acting together; -skora
(aft), v., einskora hug sinn, to make
up one^s mind ; -skeerligr, a. pure.
eins-liga, adv. privately, singly ;
-ligr, a. (l) single = einfaldr ; einslig
\ak&,singular number; ( 2 } private ( eins-
lig a'minning); (3) especial, particular.
ein-staar, adv. in some place ;
-staka, a. indecl. single, occurring
now and then, here and there ; -stapi,
m. a kind of fern ; -stigi, n. narrow
path ; -strengja (-da, -dr), v. to
make firm ; einstrengja pd setlan fyrir
ser at, to resolve firmly ; -stoecSr, a.
solitary, bereaved.
eins-vigi, n. single combat, = einvigi.
ein-synn, a. (l) one-eyed; (2) evid-
ent, obvious; at einsynu, evidently;
-sffltt, a. n. clear, evident, only in the
phrase, e-t er einsastt, is the o?ily
thing to be done ; -scgn, f. a single
person's statement ; -tal, n. private
conference (ganga a eintal) ; -talat,
pp. n., var5 f)eim eintalat um Helgu,
they talked of nothing but H. ; -teiti,
a. in high spirits, quite merry ;
-tomi, a. quite unoccupied, disen-
gaged; -trjanungr, m. a boat made
of a single tree.
einugi, neut. dat. from * engi ' ; e.
feti framarr, not a step further.
ein-urS, f. = -6r5; -vala, a. indecl.
chosen, select ; einvala kappi, great
champion ; einvala Ii3, picked troops ;
-vald, n. absolute government, sole
sovereignty ; tiundi vetr einvalds
hans, the tenth year of his reign ;
-valdi, m. monarch, sovereign (ein-
valdi e-s or yfir e-u) ; -valdr, m. =
-valdi).
einvalds-herra, -hofSingi, m.
autocrat, monarch ; -konungr, m.
absolute king ; -riki, n. absohtte sway,
empire.
ein-valinn, pp. select, picked; -vild,
f., -vili, m. self-will; -vir<5ing, f.
one 's own choice ; af einvirSingu,
especially.
einvirfcu-liga, adv. exceedingly,
especially ; -ligr, a. especial.
ein-virki, m. single worker, a poor
husbandman who has no servants ;
-vist, f. solitude ; vera einvistum, to
live alone ; -vigi, n. single combat,
duel; einvigia-macSr, m. one who
fights in single combat, a duellist.
ein-vaenn, a. in a hopeless state,
sinking fast (liggja, vera, einvaenn) ;
-voldugr, a. absolute ; -vortSungum,
adv. particularly ; -yrki, m. = -virki;
-J>ykki, n. self-will ; -J>ykkr, a. self-
willed, stubborn ; -89ri, n. term of
one year ; -aerr, a. lasting one year,
of one year (einaer tiund) ; -aeti, n. pi.,
only in the phrase, eta e-t einaetum,
to eat alone, in private ; -6rS (gen.
-arcSar), f. (i) frankness, boldness,
fairness (hafa einord til at ganga vi6
e-u) ; einord va"rrar frasagnar, the
fairness of our story ; (2) fidelity,
loyalty (at landsfolkit mundi sniiit frd
einordinni vi<5 konung) ; ("$}firm con-
viction (pat er einord min, at J>at er
at engum kosti rdtt).
Eir, f. one of the heathen goddesses.
eir, n. brass, copper.
eira (-5a, -t), v. (l) to spare, with
dat. (at J)eir skyldu eira konum ok
kirkjum) ; e. undan e-u, to yield to ;
(2) e-m eirir e-t vel (ilia), /'/ agrees
well (ill} with one, he is well pleased
(displeased) with it (Eiriki konungi
eirSi petta storilla) ; honum eirir ilia,
ef, he is annoyed, if; (3) e. e-n af e-u,
to deprive one of.
eir-altari, n. brazen altar; -baugr,
m. brazen ring.
eirc5, f. clemency, mercy.
eir-guc5, m. an idol of brass;
-hjalmr, m. brazen helmet.
eirinn, a. forbearing, lenient.
eir-ker, n. brazen vessel ; -ketill,
m. brazen kettle ; -kross, m. brazen
cross ; -kyrtill, m. brazen cloak ;
-ligr, a. brazen ; -nckkvi, m. brazen
boat ; -ormr, m. brazen serpent ;
-peningr, m. brass coin, copper coin ;
-pipa, f. brass tube ; -skjoldr, m.
brazen shield; -steypari, m. brass-
founder ; -stolpi, m. pillar of brass ;
-teinn, m. brass wire ; -uxi, m. brazen
ox (image).
eisa, f. glowing embers.
EISA
[110]
ELD-GROF
eisa (a$), v. (i) to rush on \ ganga
eisanda, to go dashing through the
-waves (of a ship); eisandi u5r, foam-
ing wave ; (2) eisa eldum, to shower
down embers.
ei skald, n., eiskold, f. poet, heart.
eiskra (a(5), v. to roar, rage.
eiskran, f. roaring, raging.
eista (gen. pi. eistna), n. testicle,
stone (eistun prutnudu).
Eistland, n. Esthonia.
eistnestr, a. Esthonian.
Eistr, Eistrir, m. pi. the Esthonians.
eitla (a(5), v., only in the phrase, e.
ail gum, to look stem.
eitr, n. poison (kasta eitri i drykk) ;
fig. bitterness, malice.
eitra(aS), v. to poison (eitra smyrsl);
eitraSr, poisonous (eitrat hatr).
eitr-a, f. poisonous stream ; -bland-
inn, pp. impregnated, tainted, with
poison, poisoned, envenomed ; -bias-
inn, pp. swollen up with poison ;
-blastr, m. (i) inflammation from
poison ; (2) poisonous breath ; -bolg-
inn, pp. = eitr-bldsinn ; -dalr, m.
' venom dale'; -drep, n. deadly
poison, poisoning; -drepinn, pp.
killed by poison, poisoned; -dropi,
m. drop of poison ; -drykkr, m.
poisoned draught \ -eggjaftr, pp. hav-
ing a poisoned edge ; -far, a. venomous
(eitr-fdr ormr) ; -fluga, f. venomoiis
insect ; -fullr, a. full of poison ;
-her or, pp. tempered in poison (sverSit
var -hert) ; -kaldr, a. deadly cold;
-kveisa, f. venomous sore, a nick-
name ; -kvikja, f. venomous yeast ;
-kvikvendi, n. veno?nous creature ;
-ligr, a. poisonous ; -matter, m.
venomous maggot ; -na&ra, f. poison-
ous adder ; -ormr, m. poisonous ser-
pent ; -padda, f. venomous toad.
eitrs-fullr, a. full of 'venom.
eitr-tandraftr, pp. glittering with
poison, = ei tr-far .
ei-vesandi, pr. p. everlasting, eter-
nal; -vist, f. = eilifi.
ek, pers. pron. /; in poetry and old
prose a pronominal k is suffixed to
the verb, emk = em ek, vask = vas ek ;
sa"k = si ek ; mundak = munda ek ;
even if preceded by ek : ek sek, ek
sitk ; a preceding g becomes by
assimilation k, hykk = hygg ek ; the
pronominal k is inserted between the
suffixed negative, -a or -at, and the
verb, saka = sa" ek-a, / saw not ;
veitka = veit ek-a, / know not.
ekja, f. carting, carrying in a cart
(sumir toku til ekju).
ekju-vegr, m. cart-road.
ekka-lauss, a. grief less.
ekki, m. heavy sobbing, sorrow,
grief (angr ok ekki).
ekki, nom. and ace. neut. sing, of
' engi ', nothing, nought ; also used as
adv., not, = eigi.
ekkja, f. widow (var pat litit, at
bera ekkju nafn); poet, woman.
ekkju-buna(5r, in. widow's weeds ;
-donir, m. widowhood; -lifi, n. wid-
owed life ; -sonr, m. widow's son.
ekla, f. dearth, want.
ekra, f. corn-field, acre.
61, n. (i) shower of rain, snow or
hail ; (2) fig. a hot fight.
elda (elda, eldr), v. (i) to light,
kindle a fire (hann eldir undir kat-
linum) ; with dat. of the fuel (e. vi3i) ;
(2) to kindle, light, set fire to, with
ace. ; e. vita, to kindle a beacon ; fig.,
e. hug e-s, to kindle one's mind; ek
skal ydra hu5 e. kndliga me6 klun-
grum, / shall make you smart ; (3) to
heat, warm (e. hiis, e. ofn til brauSs) ;
to smelt ; fig., e. gra"tt silfr, to be bad
friends; (4) impers., eldi heV lengi af
inetS peim brceSrum, the spark of
resentment was long felt among the
brothers ; (5) it clears up ; eldi nokkut
elit (ace.), the shower cleared up a
little ; nott (ace.) eldir, the night
brightens, the day dawns.
eldast (d), v. refl. to grow old ; hann
tekr nu at eldast mjok, he is beginning
to age fast.
elda-hus, n., -skali, m. = eldhus.
eld-baka(5r, pp. baked on embers ;
-beri, \\\. fire-pan, brasier ; -brandr,
m. firebrand; -bruni, m. (i) fire,
conflagration ; (2) cauterization (at
grcefia me6 -bruna) ; -bollr, m. fire-
ball; -fimr, a. inflammable, easily
combustible', -fceri, n. pi. an apparatus
for striking fire, tinder-box ; -grof,
ELD-GROF
[111]
ELJAN
-grof, f. fire-pit ; -bus, n. (i) l fire-
house ', hall or sitting-room ; (2)
kitchen.
eldhus-dyrr, f. pi. doorway of an
eldhiis ; -iifl, n. an idiot who sits
all day by the fire ; -hurft, f. door of
an eldhiis ; -skot, n. (see skot).
eldi, n. (i) procreation (hafa eSli til
barna eldis) ; (2) foetus, offspring
(eldi pat, er fram kemr af kvidi
konunnar) ; komast frd eldi sinu, to
be delivered of a child; (3) main-
tenance, feeding (par er ekki gesta
eldi maelt).
eldi-brandr, m. ( I ) firewood, fuel;
(2 ) firebrand.
eldi-gamall, a. very old; -ligr, a.
elderly, old-looking.
elding, f. ( I ) firing, heating, warm-
ing (ofnar til eldingar) ; (2) smelting,
refining (gull pat, er stenzt e.) ; (3)
lightning ($v\ nasst flugu eldingar ok
reidar) ; (4) daybreak, dawn (= naetr-
elding).
eldinga-fiaug, -flug, n. flash of
lightning-, -mana<5r, m. a month in
which lightning is frequent.
eldi-skiS, n. piece of firewood;
-stokkr, m. firebrand ; -torf, n. turf
for fuel.
eldivi(5ar-fatt, a. n., e-m ver6r -fatt,
one becomes short of fuel; -leysi, n.
want of fuel; -stika, f. stick of fire-
wood.
eldi-vic5r, m. firewood, fuel.
eld-ker, n. brasier; -kveikja, f.
fire-lighter; fdst mun annat til eld-
kveikna, something else will be got
to light a fire with ; -ligr, a. fiery, of
fire (eldligr stoloi) ; -naemr, a. easily
catching fire, inflammable.
eldr (-a, -ar), n\. fire ; taka eld,
drepa (upp) eld, to strike fire ; kveikja
(upp) eld, to light a fire; bregQa
(koma, skjota) eldi i e-t, lata (leggja)
eld i e-t, to set fire to, to set on fire ;
e. var5 lauss ok le'k skjott, afire broke
out and spread rapidly ; e. hraut af
sver6um peirra, sparks of fire flew
from their swords.
eldr, pp. grown old, worn by age ;
kvazt e. vera mjok fra ufridi, said that
he was too old for fighting.
elds-bruni, m. burning of fire ;
-daunn, m. smell of fire (kenna
-daun) ; -fullr, &.full of fire ; -gangr,
m. raging of fire, conflagration ;
-glor, n. glare of fire ; -gneisti, m.
spark of fire; -golf, n. hearth-floor;
-gogn, n. pi. materials for firing;
-gprc5, f. making fire ; -hiti, m. fiery
heat.
eld-skali, m. = eldaskili ; -skiS, n.=
eldiski'3.
elds-kveykja, f. = eldkveikja ; -litr,
m. fiery hue ; -liki, n. shape (likeness}
of fire (i -liki) ; -Ijos, n. fire-light ;
-logi, m. flame of fire ; -matr, m.
food of fire ; -neyti, n. fuel ; -pisl, f.
torture by fire ; -sokn, f. fetching of
fire ; -stolpi, m. pillar of fire.
eld-stokkr, m. firebrand; -sto (pi.
-stoar), i. fire-place, hearth.
elds-uppkvama, f. volcanic erup-
tion ; -vaSi, m. danger of fire j con-
flagration ; -v61ar, f. \>\.fire devices;
-verk, n. tending the fire ; -vi5r, m.
= eldiviSr ; -vimr, m. gleam of fire ;
-virki, n. tinder-box.
eld-s8Bfcinn, -saetr, a. habitually
sitting by the fire (for warmth) ;
-tinna, {.flint to strike fire with.
elfar-bakki, m. bank of a river.
Elfar-byggjar, -grimar, m. pi. the
dwellers on the banks of the Gotha
(Gautelfr) ; -kvislir, f. pi. the arms
of the Gotha, also used of the mouths
of the Nile ; -sker, n. pi. the skerries
at the mouth of the Gotha.
elfr (gen. elfar, dat. and ace. elfi),
f. river ; esp. as prop, name in Saxelfr,
the Elbe ; Gautelfr or Elfr, the river
Gotha (in Sweden) ; Raumelfr (in
Norway).
elfskr, a. from the river Gotha.
elg-fr6(5i, m. centaur (a monster half
man and half elk).
elgja-grof, f. elk pit ; -hold, n. flesh
of the elk ; -veiftr, f. elk-hunting,
elgr (-s, -ir), m. elk.
elg-skogr, m. a forest with elks.
eligr, a. mean, /0<?r, = aeligr.
Eli-vagar, m. pi. (mythol. name).
elja, f. a rival wife (pasr konur eru
eljur er einn mann eigu).
e]jan, f. endurance, energy.
ELJANAR-LAUSS
[112J
eljanar-lauas, a. wanting energy,
inactive.
eljara-gletta, f. pertness, sarcasm.
eljun, f. = eljan ; eljunar-leysi, n.
want of energy, weakness ; -maftr, m.
energetic man.
eljun-froekn, a. doughty (seldusk
ei6a eljunfroeknir); -lauss, a. = eljan-
arlauss ; -leysi, n. = eljunarleysi.
el-kaldr, a. ice-cold (of a stream).
ella, adv. and conj. (i) else, other-
wise (skaltu eigi annat pora en fara,
ella skal ek drepa pik) ; eSa ella, or
else; eda heit hvers manns nidingr
ella, or else be called the ' nithing ' of
every man ; (2) or, or else (annathvdrt
at koma honum d mitt vald, ella drepa
hann sjdlfr).
ellar, adv. and conj. = ella, elligar.
elli, f. old age (fyrir e. sakir).
elli-belgr, m. the * slough 1 of old
age (kasta -belginum) ; -bjugr, a.
bowed down with age ; -dagar, m. pi.
old days ; -daucSr, a. ; ver<3a -dauSr,
to die of old age.
ellifti, m. a kind of ship.
elli-domr, m. old age.
ellifti, ord. numb, the eleventh.
ellifu, card. numb, eleven.
elli-gamall, a. very old.
elligar, adv. and conj. = ella.
elli-glop, n. pi. dotage of old age.
el-ligr, a. showery-looking (potti
me'r nokkut e'l-ligt vera).
elli-hamr, m. = -belgr; -hrumr, a.
decrepit with age ; -hrorur, f. pi.
hoariness of age; -karl, m. old man ;
-lyf, n. medicine to keep off old age ;
-moftr, a. weary with age ; -sjukr, a.
infirm through age ; -stoft, f. stay of
old age ; -tift, f. time of old age ;
-vafa, f. decrepitude, infirmity of age ;
-vamm, n. blemish of old age ;
-pokki, m. oldish look (hratt hon af
ser elli-pokka).
ellri, a. com par. elder, older.
ellztr, a. superl. eldest, oldest (ellztr
brceSranna ; hinn ellzti sonr).
elma, f. branch, twig.
elna (atS), v. to wax, grow, sott
elnar d hendr e-m, e-m elnar sottin,
one's illness becomes worse.
elptr (gen. elptar), i.swan ( = alpt).
elri, n., elrir (gen. -is), m. alder.
elris-hundr, m. the wind (poet.).
elska (aft), v. to love (hann elskafii
ekki annat go5 meir en Frey) ; refL
elskast at e-m, to grow fond of\
recipr., to love one another (hofSu pan
Jon elskazt fra barnresku).
elska, f. love (= ast) ; hafa elsku d
e-m, to love one ; leggja elsku d e-n
or vi5 e-n, to take a fancy for, to fah
in love, with one.
elskan-liga, adv. lovingly ; -ligr, a,
beloved, lovable.
elskari, m. lover (e. e-s).
elskhuga-maftr, m. lover, elskari.
elsk-hugi, m. (i) love ; (2) belovea
person (minn a"gsetr elskhugi).
elskr, a. fondly attached to one (e.
at e-m), of persons and animals.
elsku-band, n. tie (bond) of love ;
-bragft, n. deed of love ; -fullr, a,
full of love ; -gratr, m. tears of love ;
grein, f. a special kind of love\
-lauss, a. loveless ; -leysi, n. loveless-
ness-, -liga, adv. (i) lovingly', (2)
heartily, delightfully ; -ligr, a. (i)
affectionate ; (2) beloved, dear (e.
fafiir !) ; elskuligr e-m, dear to one \
-mark, n. token of love.
elta (elta, eltr), v. (i) to knead (e.
leir) ; ek skal ySra hud e. (belabour]
meQ klungrum ; (2) to chase, pursue ;
e. 0xn med vendi, to drive cattle with
a goad', e. saudi, to run after sheep ;
refl., eltast eptir e-m, to pursue
eagerly.
elting (pi. -ar), f. pursuing, chasing.
embeetta (-tta, -tt), v. (i) to attend,
serve, wait upon, e. e-m (eiga gestum
at e.) ; e. fe, to attend to the cattle, to
milk ; (2) to administer the sacrament
to one (e. e-m).
embaetti, n. (i) service, = pjonosta
I ; veita e-m e., to serve one ; bindast
i e-s e., to enter one's service ; gufiligt
e., holy service; hen" ek morg vand-
raedi polat i binu e., in your service ;
(2) the sacrament, eucharist, =
pjonosta 3 ; (3) office (biskupligt e.) ;
bj66a e-m af e., to depose one from
office.
embaBttis-fcerr, a. able to perform
one's duties ; -g0rft, f. performance oj
EMB^TTIS-LAUSS
[113]
ENDI, ENDIR
a (religious] duty ; -lauss, a. holding
no office (of a -priest) ; -maftr, m. (i)
servant ; (2 ) priest.
emenda (ao), emendera (aft), v. to
emend (a book).
emja (aft), v. to howl, shriek.
emjan, f. howling; shrieking.
en, conj. (i) but; en heima mun ek
sitja, but I will stay at home ; (2) as
a copulative, and, = ok ; ek kann
radum Gunnhildar, en kappsemd
Egils, / know the devices of G. and
(on the other hand] hlgil's eagerness ;
(3) = ' an', than (obrigdra vin fasr
madr aldregi en mannvit mikit).
en, in Norse MSS. = ef, er (rel. pron.
and temp, conj.) ; (i) if; saslar vaeri
salurnar, en pser vissi, if they knew ;
(2) as a rel. pron., = er; mma dottur, en
( = er) allra meyja er fegrst, who is the
fairest of all maidens ; (3) when, = er,
f>a er (peir voru i hja, en upp var lesit).
enda, conj. (i) with subj. (a standing
phrase in the law connecting the
latter clause of a conditional premiss)
if, and if, and in case that, and
supposing that ; nu hefir ma6r svein-
barn fram fcert i cesku, enda verdi sd.
ma8r veginn sidan, J>a . . . , if a man
has brought a boy up in his youth,
and it so happens that he (the boy) be
slain, then . . . ; (2) even if, although,
with subj. (seg mer, hvat til berr, at
>u veizt fyrir uordna hluti, enda ser
J)u eigi spamaSr) ; (3) even ; J)d skal
hann segja buum sinum til, enda a
pingi, even in parliament ; (4) if only,
with subj. (fyrir engan mun J>ori ek
at vekja konunginn, en segja m ek
honum tidindin, ef J>u viil, enda vekir
pu hann) ; (5) and indeed, and of
course, and also, and besides ; enda
skulum ver f>d. leysa pik, and then of
course we shall loose thee ; synist pat
jafnan, at ek em fegjarn, enda man
sva enn, and so it will be also in this
case; (6) and yet ; eigi nenni ek at
hafa ]pat saman, at veita Hogna, enda
drepa broSur hans, / cannot bear to
do both, help H. and yet kill his
brother ; (7) ellipt. without a preced-
ing premiss ; enda tak pu nu 0xi Jrina,
and now take thy axe.
ICEL. DICT.
enda (aft, or enda, ent), v. (i) to
ena, uring to an end (i J)v{ sama
klaustri endi hann sina aefi) ; impers.,
endar par sogu frd honum, the tale of
him ends there ; (2) to fulfil, perform
(e. heit sitt) ; (3) to mark the end of,
to bound (af suSri endir hana [i.e.
Asia] uthafit) ; (4) refl., endast, to
end, come to an end (reiQi mannsins
endist d einu augabragdi) ; to last,
hold out (berjast me<5an dagrinn
endist) ; me5an mer endast fong til,
as long as my provisions last ; ef
honum endist aldr til, if he lives so
long; medan mer endast lifdagar,
medan ek endumst, as long as I live ;
to turn out, to end (well or ill), to do
(enda mun J>at fam bondum vel e. at
synja mer maegSar).
enda-dagr, m. the last day, day of
death (vita sinn -dag) ; -fjol, f. end-
board (of a chest) ; -lauss, a. endless,
eternal (endalaus pma, farsaeld) ;
-liga, adv. definitively, finally ', -ligr,
a. definitive, final (endaligt svarj ;
-lok, n. pi. end t conclusion ; -lykt, f.
= -lok; -mark, n. end, limit; enda-
mork rikis J)ins, the end of thy reign ;
-merki, n. limit, boundary ; -mjor,
a. thin at the end, tapering ; gera
eigi endamjott vid e-n, not to leave
one in the lurch, treat one well to the
end; -J>armr, m. rectum.
endemi, endimi, n. = eindcemi 2,
something unexampled or unheard of
(J)at er undr ok endemi) ; heyr d
endemi, for shame !
endemis-mac5r, m. a monster, an
extraordinary person.
endemligr, a. wonderful, strange.
endi and endir, m. (i) the end
(extremity'] of an object (J)ar var skali
mikill ok dyrr a baoum endum) ; (2)
conclusion, end, issue (hvern enda
eiga mundi mdlit) ; gera enda a e-u,
koma enda a e-t, to bring to an end ;
vera a enda, to be at an end; S.
var vistum me5 foSur smuin til enda,
S. stayed with his father to the end ;
eigi er fyrir enda um gert me<3 >eim,
their difference is not settled between
them ; upphaf ok endir, beginning
and e?id ; her skal nu ok endir
ENDI-LAND
[114]
ENGI-SKIPTI
ver6a, here it shall come to an end ;
sd var6 endir d, at, the end of it was,
that ; til alls endis, to the very end.
endi-land, n. borderland ; -lond,
confines ; -langr, along the whole
extent of, from one end to the other
(riSa um endilangt herad) ; ok Iag6ist
J>ar endilangr, at full length ; um
endilangt, at endilongu, lengthways ;
-lauss, a.=endalauss ; -leysa, f. non-
sense (-lokleysa) ; -liga, adv. (i)
finally (staSfesta endiliga) ; (2) com-
pletely ; -ligr, a. = endaligr; -lok, n.
pi. =endalok ; til endiloka heims, to
the end of the world ; -lykt, f. = enda-
lykt ; -mark, n. (I) limit, end; (2)
boundary ; (3) aim, end ; -merki, n.
=endamerki.
endimi, n. see endemi, eindcemi.
ending, f. ending, termination.
endir, m. esp. in nom., = ' endi '
(upphaf ok endir mins mals).
end-langr, a. = endilangr.
endr, adv. (i) in times of yore, for-
merly, endr fyrir longu ; (2) again
(sv kom O5ins son endr at hamri) ;
(3) endr ok sinnum, endr ok stundum,
from time to time, now and then.
endranasr, adv. at other times, else
(basSi ]5d ok endranasr).
endr-bati, m. = -bot; -batna (aS),
v. to get well again, recover ; -beifta
(-dda, -ddr), v. to ask again ; -bera
(see bera), v. to regenerate ; -borinn,
pp. reborn, regenerated', -bot, f.
restoration, regeneration", -bua (see
bua), v. to renew, restore ; -boeta
(-tta, -ttr), v. to repair, restore (J>at
t>arf at endrbceta, er d6r hefir farizt) ;
-bcetari, m. restorer ; -boating, f.
restoration, restitution ; -boetingr,
m. a thing that wants repair ; -forn,
f. presenting again ; -forn a (a?S), v. to
present again ; -fce(5a (-dda, -ddr),
v. to regenerate, =endrbera, endrgeta ;
-gefendr, m. pi. those who give
again ; -geta (see geta), v. = endr-
fce5a ; -getnaSr, m. regeneration ;
-getning, f. = endrgetna6r ; -gjald, n.
repayment, return ; -gjalda (see
gjalda), v. to pay back, to repay,
-groetSa (-dda, -ddr), v. to heal
again ; -hreinsa (a5), v. to purify
again ; -hroara (-Sa, -Sr), v. to move
again ; -lausn, f. redemption ; -lifga
(at5), v. to call to life again ; -lifna
(a (5), v. to return to life, to revive ;
-minnast (see minna), v. reft 1 , to
remember, call to mind, with gen. ;
-minning, f. remembrance, recollec-
tion ; -maBli, n. repetition (verdr J>at
at endrmaeli einu) ; -meeting, f.
tribulation ; -nyja (a<5), v. to renew,
repeat', impers. (endrnyjadi sottina i
annat sinn) ; -nyjan, -nyjung, f.
renewal', -reiaa (-ta, -tr), v. to raise
again ; -riaa (see risa), v. to arise
again ; -rjofta, a. indecl. downcast,
dispirited; -semja (see semja), v.
to renew ; -skapa (see skapa), v. to
create anew, re-create ; -smifta (a$),
v. to rebuild', -taka (see taka), v. to
resume, take up again (endrtaka til
e-s) ; -tryggja (-$a, -Sr), v. to make
secure again, reconcile', -|>aga, f.
renewed silence.
eng (gen. -jar, pi. -jar), f. meadow,
meadow-land (hann villtist i enginni) ;
pi. out-lying grass-fields.
eng, engi, n. meadow, meadow-
land (tun ok eng ; akr ok engi).
engi (neut. ekki), indef. pron. (i)
no, none, no one; hafa ekki e-s, to
have nothing of it, lose it altogether
(er buit vio, at J>u hafir pd. ekki
dyrsins) ; old dat. einugi = engu (fatt
er sv^ illt, at einugi dugi) ; (2) any,
after a negative (aldri fyrr fekk hann
Iwlfkan sigr i engri herferd) ; after
comparative (J^essir dvergar kunnu
betr smi'Sa af jdrni en engir aSrir).
engi-bui, m. a neighbour who has
to appear in an engidomr ; -dalr, m.
meadow-valley; -domr, m. a court to
decide the possession of a contested
meadow.
engill (pi. englar), m. angel.
engil-ligr, a. angelical (-lig dsjona).
Engils-nes, n. Cipe San Angelo.
engi-lykkja, f. an enclosed piece of
meadow; -mark, n. (i) boundary of
a meadow (2) the meadow within
the boundary.
engis-hofn, f. possession of a
meadow.
engi-skipti, n. division of a meadow.
ENGISKIFTIS-BUI
[115]
EPTIR
engiskiptis-bui, m. = engibui.
engis-maftr, m, owner of a meadow.
engi-sprett, n. grasshopper, locust ;
-teigr, m. strip of meadow-land;
-verk, n. meadow-work ; um engi-
verk, during the time of mowing the
meadows \ -voxtr, m. that which
grows upon meadows.
engja-domr, m. = engidomr ; -gras-
nautn, n. right of grazing ; or mak-
ing hay, in the engjar ; -merki, n.
boundary between meadow-lands ;
-skipti, n. = engiskipti ; -teigr, m.=
engiteigr; -voxtr, m. = engi voxtr.
engla-flokkr, m. host of angels;
-fylki, n. one of the nine hosts of
angels ; -li(5, n. coll. angels ; -lif, n.
life of angels ; -mjol, n. ' angel-meal* y
manna.
Englands-far, n. a ship that sails
to England; -fari, m. one who makes
voyages to England; -haf, n. the
German Ocean ; -sjor, m. the English
Channel,
Englar, m. pi. the English, English-
men (\ar kominn herr Englanna).
engla-rodd, f. angelic voice ; -skari,
m., -sveit, f. host of angels ; -syn, f.
vision, of angels ; -songr, m. song of
angels.
Englis-macSr, m. Englishman.
enn (en, et), the oldest form of the
def. art. , = inn, hinn.
enn, adv. (i) yet, still (hann er enn
ungr ok bernskr) ; (2) with compar.,
enn betri, verri, still better, worse.
enna, adv. =enn-na, yet; eigi enna,
not yet (eigi veit ek enna).
enni, n. (i) forehead (po spratt
honum sveiti um enni) ; (2) a steep
crag (in place-names).
enni-brei(5r, a. having a broad
forehead ; -dukr, m. head-band, fillet ;
-Iec5r, n. skin of the forehead of
animals.
ennis-brattr, a. having a straight-up
forehead.
enni-snauc5r, a. having a low fore-
head ; -spsenir, m. pi. ornamental
work on ships of war both fore and
aft ; -svell, n. an icy slope.
ennis-voxtr, m. shape of the fore-
head.
en ska, f. tJie English language.
enskr, a. English ; enskir menn,
Englishmen.
epla-at, n. eating of apples (fruit] ;
-garSr, n. orchard ; -kyn, n. a kind
of apples or fruit.
epli, n. (i) apple; (2) tree-fruit (in
general).
epli-beraiidi, pr. p. bearing apples.
eplottr, a. dapple-grey (of a horse).
ept, prep. = eptir (rare).
eptir, prep with dat. and ace. ; I.
with dat. (i) with verbs of motion,
after (riQa, roa, fara, ganga, senda e.
e-m) ; (2) denoting the aim and object
of many verbs ; leita, spyrja, fretta e.
e-u, to search, ask, inquire after; lit a
e. e-u, to look after, attend to ; bi3a
eptir e-u, to wait for; vaka e. e-m,
to sit up waiting for one ; segja e.
e-m. to report behind one's back ; (3)
following the course of a track, road,
&c., along; nidr e. halsinum, down
the h ; ll; e. endilongu, from one end
to the other ; e. midju, along the
middle ; (4) after, according to, in
accordance with (e. sid peirra ok
logum) ; hann leiddist e. fortolum
hennar, he was led by her persuasion ;
gekk allt e. pvi sem H. haf<5i sagt,
according as H. Jiad said; (5) denot-
ing proportion, comparison ; fatt
manna e. pvi sem hann var vanr,/>2/
men in comparison to what he was
wont to have : (6) with verbs denoting
imitation, indulgence, longing after ;
lata e. e-m, to indulge one ; breyta e.
e-m, to imitate; (7) behind (hann
leiddi e. ser hestinn) ; fundust e.peim
irskar bcekr, which they had left
behind; II. with ace. (i) of time,
after, in succession to (var kom e.
vetr) ; hvern dag e. annan, one day
after the other; ar e. ar, dag e. dag,
year by year, day by day ; e. pat, after
that, thereafter; (2) denoting suc-
cession, inheritance; taka e-t i arf
e. e-n, to inherit from one ; hann tok
konungdom e. fo5ur sinn, after his
father ; vita pa skb'nim e. sik, to leave
such a bad report ; ska8i mikill er e.
menn slika, there is a great loss in
such men\ III. as adv. (i) after;
EPTIR-BATR
[116]
ER
annat sumar e., the second summer
after; um daginn e., the day after;
e. um vdrit, later during the spring ;
e. koma usvinnum ra5, the fool is
wise when too late; (2) behind; bi5a,
sitja e., to wait, stay behind; vera,
standa e., to remain behind, be left ;
halda e-u e., to keep back; skammt
get ek e. finnar asfi, I giiess that little
is left of thy life ; (3) before the rel.
part., e. er = e. {>at er, after (ef ma5r
andast a fingi e. er menn eru a braut
farnir) ; (4) e. a, afterwards, later
on ; in addition.
eptir-batr, m. a boat in tow ; fig.,
vera -batr e-s, to be inferior to one ;
-burcSr, m. afterbirth ; -dvol, f. stay ;
eiga eptirdvol, to make a stay;
-dcemi, n. example ; -farandi, pr. p.
following, subsequent ; -fer<5, f. pur-
suit ; -frett, f. inquiry ; -foeriligr, a.
ini'estigable ; -for, f. = eptirfer5 ; veita
e-m eptirfor, to pursue one ; -ganga,
f. (l) prosecution of a suit to get
redress; (^support, aid; (3) imita-
tion (i eptirgongu bans dcema) ;
-gangr, m., -gengi, n. = -ganga 2;
-glikjari, m. imitator.
eptirgongu-kona, f. (a female)
underling (ek mun eigi vera -kona
hennar) ; -macSr, m. a supporter,
follower.
eptir-g0rft, f. funeral honours, esp.
gifts for the soul of the dead;
-komandi, pr. p. following, future ;
-komari, m.= -glikjari ; -komendr,
m. pi. offspring, descendants ; -kaera,
f. prosecution (taka malit til eptir-
kasru) ; -latligr, a. agreeable, pleas-
ing; -latr, -latsamr, a. indulgent;
ser eptirlatr, self-indulgent ; -leifar,
f. pi. remains ; -leit, f. ( I ) search ;
(2) application to a person ; -leitan,
f. = eptirleit ; -lifi, n. indulgence, self-
indulgence.
eptirlifis-mat5r t m. self-indulgent
man ; -synd, f. the sin of self-
indulgence.
eptir-lifr, a. self-indulgent; -liking,
f. imitation ; -likja (-ta, -t), v. to
imitate, with dat. ; -likjandi (pi.
endr), m., -likjari, m. imitator;
-Ifflti, n. ( l) complaisance, compliance ;
[2) indulgence, gratification of one's
desires; (^enjoyment.
eptirlsBtis-lifi, n. life of self-indul-
gence ; -J)j6nosta, f. act of indulgence.
eptir-mal, n. an action on behalf of
a person slain against the slayer;
iga -mal eptir e-n, um e-n, to have
the right and duty to take action
against the slayer ; -mali, in. epilogue,
opp. to ' formdli ' ; -mall, a. compliant
(e-m or vi5 e-n, with).
eptirmals-macSr, m. prosecutor in
a blood-feud (eptirmal).
eptir-maslandi (pi. -endr), m. =
eptirmalsmaSr ; -msBli, n. (i)=-mal;
(2) compliance, indulgence ; veita e-m
eptirmaeli, to take one's part ; (^]good
report.
eptirmselis-matSr, m. a person who
is eptirmall.
eptir-ras, f. running after, pursuit ;
-reiS, f. pursuit on horseback ;
-reikna (aft), v. to reflect on ; -rocSr,
m. rowing in pursuit of one.
eptirryningar-m a^r, m. one clever at
detectingwhat is unknown (-ma5r um
stuldi) ; -samr, a. clever at detecting
eptir-seta, f. remaining behind;
-sja, f. (i) looking after, attention,
care ; (2) regret, grief; e-m er eptir-
sja at e-u, one misses a thing, grieves
at the loss of; -sko(5an, f. examina-
tion, search ; -sokn, f. a seeking after,
pursuing ; -sta^a, f. what remains,
arrears; -sta^si, a. remaining be-
hind; verSa eptirstacSsi, to remain
behind ; -syn, f. looking after one.
eptri, a. compar. (i) aftermost,
hindmost, opp. to ' fremri ' ; eptri fotr,
the hind leg; hit eptra austrrum, the
hindmost pumping place ; (2) later,
latter, opp. to ' fyrri '.
er (older form es), rel. part. In old
poems and in law phrases ' es ' is suffixed
to a demonstrative or interrogative
word,pron.oradv., as s: sds,sus, fats,
f eims, f aers ; f ars, fa's, f egars,
si5ans, hveims, hvars, &c., = sd es,
su es, far es, f d es,&c. I. used as a rel.
pron., indecl., who, which, thai; (i)
M6r5r h^t ma<5r, er (nom.) kallaSr var
gfgja ; grbs fbgr, er (ace.) hon hafSi
i hendi ; aflra hluti fa, er (gen.) menn
[117]
EHFBA-SKIPAN
vildu visir verda ; pann einn son, er
(dat.) hann ami litit ; (2) with a prep,
placed at the end of the sentence ;
land, er hann kom frd, the land he
came from ; jotunn, er or steini var
hofuSit a" (viz. honum), whose head
was of stone ; (3) ellipt., the prep,
being understood ; or peim asttum, er
mer pottu fuglarnir fljuga (viz. or),
from the quarter that I thought the
birds flew from ; peir hafa mi Idtit
Iff sitt, er mer pykkir eigi vert at Ufa
(viz. eptir), whom 1 think it is not
worth while to outlive ; (4) a personal
or demonstr. pron. may be added to
the rel. part., er pu, er pik ; er hann,
er hon, er hana, er hans, er hennar,
er peim, er peiri, er peira, c. ; cerr
ertu, Loki, er pu (who) ySra telr Ijota
leiflstafi ; sd macJr, er hann vill, that
man who wishes ; nema ein Gofirun,
er hon asva gret, who never wept ;
ekkja heitir su, er buandi hennar
(whose husband) vard sottdauSr ;
>ann konung, er undir honum eru
skatt - konungar, that king under
whom are tributary kings ; (5) in the
fourteenth century added to the
interrog. pron., hverr; pat herbergi,
i hverju er hann (in which = er hann
i J)vi) hefir sitt rd5 ok rasSr ; II. as a
conj. and adv. (i) local, er, par er,
there where ; hann sd d eldinum
folskann, er netit hafSi brunnit,
where the net had been burnt; O. gekk
par til, er H. Id, to the spot where H.
lay ; (2) of time, er, pd er, when ; ok
er, and when ; en er, but when ; par
til er, until ; i pvi er, just when ;
eptir (pat) er, when ; pegar er, as
soon as (pegar er lysti, stod konungr
upp) ; si3an er, since ; me3an er,
while ; nasst er ver komum, next
when we came ; pd let i hamrinum,
sem er rei5 gengr, as when it thun-
ders', (3) = at, that ; ok fannst pat a
ollu, er hon pottist vargefin, that she
thought she was thrown away ; ek em
pess saell, er okkart felag sleit, / am
happy that ; skyldi fara fyrst leyni-
liga, en po kom par, er allir vissu, but
it came to this y that every one knew
of it.
er, nom. pi. to ' pii ', j<?, = per.
ert5i, n. a heavy beam (Grettir preif
e. tvau, er Mgu i skipinu).
erenda-lok, n. pi. the result (issue}
of one's errand; -ma5r, m. errand-
man, messenger.
erendi, eyrendi, prendi (also er-
indi, etc.), n. (i) errand, message, mis-
sion, business ; eiga e. vi6 e-n, hafa e.
til e-s, to have business with one ; reka
e., to do an errand', pess erendis, to
that purpose ; (2) the result of one's
errand or mission (potti monnum
hans e. litit orQit) ; ef erendit eydist,
if the errand turns to nought ; hefik
erfi<5i ok e., I have had toil, biit also
gained my quest; (3) ganga erenda
(eyrna, 0rna) sinna, to go to ease
oneself; (4) speech ; tala langt e. ok
snjallt, to make a long and eloquent
speech.
erendi (from ' 0r ' and ' ond '), n. see
0rendi '.
erendis-lauss, a. without effect,
vain fara at -lausu, to go on a foofs
errand; -leysa, f. failure of one's
errand.
erend-laust, adv. in vain, to no
purpose (fara -laust) ; -leysa, f. =
erendisleysa ; -reki, m. messenger.
erfa (-tSa, -<5r), v. (i) to honour with
a funeral feast (sidan let Egill e. sonu
sina eptir fornum sid) ; (2) to inherit
(erfir hon allt pat eptir born sin).
erf tS, f. inheritance ; taka e., to take
possession of an inheritance ; taka,
eignast e-t at e., to get or come into
possession of by inheritance.
erffta-balkr, m. the section of law
treating of inheritance ; -einkunn, f.
hereditary mark (on cattl -) ; -fe, n.
heritage, inheritance ; -goSorft, n.
hereditary priesthood; -jortS, f.
hereditary estate ; -land, n. patrimony,
land of inheritance ; -matSr, m. heir;
-mark, n. = -einkunn ; -mal, n. law-
suit concerning an inheritance.
erfSar-jcr5, f, -land,n., -ma(5r, m.,
see erfSa- ; -partr, m. share of in-
heritance; -umagi, m. an 'umagi',
having an inherited right to receive
support.
erf Sa-skipan, f. law or ordinance
ERFDA-OLDR
[118]
ERRILIQB
relating to inheritance', -oldr, m.
funeral feast,
erfi, n. funeral feast (g0ra e. e-s, e.
eptir e-n ; drekka e. e-s, eptir e-n).
erfitSa (aft), v. (i) to toil, labour-,
(2) e. e-m, to cause one trouble ; e.
ser i e-u, to trouble oneself with ; (3)
to till (e. jorSina) ; (4) impers., erfiS-
a5i sottarfar bans, his illness grew
more severe.
erfuSari, m. labourer.
erfiS-drygi, n. labour, laborious-
ness ; -droegr, a. difficult to do (var5
peim pat -droegt).
erfiSi, n. trouble, toil, labour ; hofum
e. ok ekki erendi, we have the toil,
but no result.
erficSis-dauSi, m. painfiil death ;
-laun, n. pi. recompense for labour or
suffering', -lettir, m. relief of labour ',
-liga, adv. = erfi61iga ; -munir, m. pi.
exertion, difficulty ; -ney 5, f. grinding
labour ; -orka, f. hard, weary labour ;
-samr, a. toilsome ; -verk, n. hard
or heavy work.
erfiS-lifi, n. toilsome life ; -liga, adv.
with pain and toil ; e-t horfir -liga,
/'/ looks hard ; bua -liga vi5 e-n, to
treat one harshly ; var3 mer par
-ligast um, there I met with the
greatest difficulties ; -ligr, a. toil-
some, difficult, adverse (margir hlutir
erfiSligir).
erfitSr, a. difficult, hard, troublesome ;
oss ver6r erhtt at pjona NorSmonnum,
it will be hard for us \ GuSrun var
erfi5 gripakaupum, G. was trouble-
some (extravagant] in buying finery ;
hvildist Helgi, pvi at honum var ordit
erfitt, for he was exhausted ; J)6 at
honum vasri malit erfitt, though he
spoke with difficulty.
erfi-drapa, i. funeral poem ; -flokkr,
m. a short funeral poem ; -kvseSi, n.
erfingi (pi. -jar), m. heir^ child (pau
attu engan erfingja).
erfingja-lauas, a. childless (deyja
-lauss) ; -leysi, n. childlessness.
erfi-nyti (gen. -nytja), m. heir,
child (ek a ungan erfinytja).
erfi3-g6rc5, f. holding a funeral
,ast (pa eyddist erfisg0rSin).
erfi-veizla, {.funeral feast.
erfi-vor^r, m. poet. heir.
erfi- 61, TL. funeral feast, = -veizla.
erf-skinn, n. the skin of the glutton.
ergi, f. (i) lewdness, lust', (2)
wickedness, devilry (me6 aliri ergi ok
skelmisskap).
ergjast (5), v. refl. to lose courage,
grow faint-hearted (svd ergist hverr
sem hann eldist).
erja (er, arSa, arinn), v. (i) to
plough (e. j6r<3 sina) ; (2) to scratch,
scrape (hann lastr erja skoinn um
legginn).
erju-samr, a. intrusive.
erki-biskup, m. archbishop.
erki-biskupligr, a. archiepiscopal.
erkibiskups-domr, m., -dcemi, n.
archbishopric ; -efni, m. archbishop-
elect ; -garftr, m. archbishop's dwell-
ing; -kosningr, m. election of an
archbishop ; -stoll, m. archiepiscopal
seat (cf. erki-stoll).
erki-bysn, f. great portent.
erki-djakn, m. archdeacon ; -prestr,
m. archpriest ; -stoll, m. = erki-
biskupsstoll.
er-lendast, v. refl. to go into exile ;
-lending, f. exile', -lendis, adv.
abroad, in a foreign land.
erlendis-vig,n. a manslaughter com-
mitted abroad.
erlendr, a./<?ra^?z, = 0rlendr.
erma-drog, n. pi. sleeves reaching
down to the feet ; -kapa, f. cloak with
sleeves ; -langr, a. with long sleeves ;
-lauss, a. sleeveless.
ermar-kjos, f. *" sleeve-bag* , wide
sleeve ; -stuka, f. short sleeve.
ermita-klsB(5i, n. pi. hermit clothes ;
-lifi, n. hermit life.
ermiti, m. /Z > r;;/z'/', = einsetuma3r.
Erm-land, n. (i) Armenia^ (2) a
Province in Prussia.
erm-lauss, a. sleeveless, without
sleeves = ermalauss.
ermr (gen. -ar, dat. and ace. -i ; pi.
-ar), f. sleeve.
ermskr, a. Armenian.
ern, a. brisk, vigorous ; -ligr, a.
vigorous-looking, sturdy.
erpi, n. a kind of wood.
erriligr. a. = ernligr.
ERTA
[119]
EYBI-STABR
erta (erta, ertr), v. to taunt, tease
(er eigi gott at erta illt skap) ; refl.,
ertast vi3 e-n, to tease one.
erting (pi. -ar), f. teasing, provoca-
tion (margskonar ertingar).
ertinga-mac5r, m. one who will
stand teasing (engi -maSr).
ertla, f. wagtail (bird).
ertr (gen. ertra), f. pi. pease.
ertra-akr, m. pea-field; -rei.tr, m.
bed of pease ; -rettr, m. dish of pease ;
-soft, n., -vellingr, m. pea-soup.
es, old form for 'er', rel. part., and
3rd pers. sing, from ' vera '.
eski, n. ashen box (e. Friggjar).
eski-maBr, f. a lady's maid.
eskingr, m.fine snow (like ashes).
eski-atong, f. ash pole.
espingr, m. a shifts boat.
ess, n. riding horse, steed.
eta (et; at, atum; etinn), v. (i) to
eat (e. kjot, mat sinn, dagver5) ; fig.,
e. ord sin, to eat one's own words ; (2)
to consume ; sorg etr hjarta, sorrow
eats away the heart', refl., GyQingar
atust innan, er J>eir heyrdu J>etta, the
Jews fretted inwardly on hearing
this.
eta, f. (i) crib, manger ; standa 611-
um fotum i etu, to live at rack and
manger; (2) pi., etur, cancer (etur i
andliti).
etall, a. consuming (e. rySr).
etari, m. great eater, glutton.
etja (et, atta, attr). v. (i) to incite,
egg (goad] on to fight, with dat. ; e.
hestum, to make horses fight ; with
ace., e. e-n til J)olinmce3i, to exhort
one to patience ; (2) e. hamingju, afli,
vi6 e-n, to match one's luck, strength,
with another's ; e. kappi vi6 e-n, to
contend in rivalry, vie with one ; e.
ra5um, hvart ...,to consider, if ... \
e. saman manndrapum, to incite two
parties to manslaughter ; (3) e. vid
e-t, to contend against ; e. vi5 afls-
mun (liSsmun), to fight against odds ;
(4) to put forth ; hann etr fram
skallanum, he exposes his bare skull
(to the blows) ; (5) to cause to be
eaten ; e. heyvi, heyjum, to feed cattle
upon hay; (6) refl., etjast vi6 e-n, to
contend with one ; ef menn etjast
vitnum a, if men contend (plead) with
witnesses.
etju-hundr, m. deer-hound, fox-
hound ; -kostr, m. hard condition ;
-tik, f. female hound, bitch-hound.
etki, neut. sing, from * engi ' and
adv. = ekki.
etu-stallr, m. crib, manger (U. fal
hann i etustalli). = eta (i).
ey, adv. (i) always, ever, = ei, ae ;
(2) not, ^\, eigi ; ey manni f>at veit,
no man knows.
ey (gen. eyjar, dat. ey and eyju ;
pi. eyjir), f. an island; -bui, m.
islander.
ey(5a (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to make
empty (au8r), clear of, deprive of its
contents (e. allan ijordinn baeQi at
monnum ok fe') ; e. byg<5 (bcei ok
borgir, heroS), to desolate, lay waste ;
(2) to desert, depart from (fellu sumir,
en sumir eyddu halfrymin) ; e. veizl-
una, to break up the feast ; e. f>ing,
to dissolve the meeting; (3) to do
away with, destroy, with dat. (eyddi
eldr konum ok bornum) ; (4) to spend,
squander (e. fe, peningum) ; (5) to
render void in law, annul, with ace.
or dat. (e. vfgsma'l or vigsmalum) ;
(6) refl., eydast, to come to nouglit;
eyddist erfisgor6in fyrir honum, he let
the funeral feast drop.
eySi, n. waste or ruinous state ;
leggja i e., to lay waste ; vera (liggja)
i e., to be deserted or ruined.
eyfti- in compds., deserted, unin-
habited; -borg, f. deserted town or
castle ; -bygS, f. desert country ;
-dalr, m. desolate valley; -ey, f.
desert island; -ijall, n. wild (barren]
mountain ; -fjorftr, m. desolate firth ;
-haf, n. a sea whose coasts are
desolate ; -h.ua, n. pi. deserted dwell-
ings ; -jor(5, f. deserted farm ; -land,
n. desert land; -liga, adv. in a
desolate state ; -ligr, a. (imperishable ;
(2) sad, cheerless (mer synist si5r
J)eirra veikligr ok -ligr) ; -mork, f.
desert, wilderness ; -rjoftr, n. desert
clearing ; -skemma, f. a deserted
bower ; -sker, n. desolate rock,
skerry ; -skogr, m. wild wood ;
-sta&r. m. barren, desolate place;
EYBI-TKOB
1120]
-tro$, f. deserted pen (for cattle] ;
-veggr, m. ruinous wall.
eyt$la, f. adder, o^X-a..
Ey-firSingar, m. pi. the men of or
from Ey jet firth ; -firzkr, a. belonging
to Eyjafirth.
eyfit, adv. poet, not at all (e. hefi ek
fe) ; eyfit eitt, nothing at all.
eygftr, a. = eygr,
eygja (-Sa, -Sr), v. (i) to furnish
with a loop or eye (e. snoruj ; (2) to
look (til e-s, at one}.
eygio, f. ''the everglowing" 1 , poet.
the sun.
eygr, a. having eyes of a certain
kind\ vel e., with fine eyes', mjok e.,
large-eyed.
eyja-maSr, m. islander.
eyjar-endi, m. point of an island ;
-engi, n. meadoiv along a river ;
-kalfr, m. a small island close to a
larger one ; -matSr, m. islander ;
nef, n. =-endi ; -skeggi (pi. -skegg-
jar), m. = -madr ; -skekill, -skiki, m.
strip of an island, small island',
-sund, n. = eyjasund ; -vist, f. stay in
an island.
eyja-sund, n. a strait between
islands (oil eyjasund ok firSir).
eyjottr, a. full of islands.
eyk-heatr, m. cart-horse.
eyki, n. vehicle, cart.
eykja-fd&r, n. fodder for eyk(i)r ;
-gerfi, n., -reitSi, m.=eykreidi.
eykr (-jar, -ir), m. beast of draught.
eyk-reicSi, m. harness of an eykr.
eykt, f. (i) half-past three o'clock,
p.m. (var pat nasr e. dags) ; (2) time
of three hours (pa er pogn haf6i verit
nasr hdlfa e.).
eyktar-heigr, f. = nonhelgr ; -sta&r,
m. the place of the sun at half-past
three, p.m. (sol sezt i -stad) ; -tift, f.
= nonti5.
eykt-heilagr, a. to be kept holy
from eykt (half-past three] of the
preceding dfoy,=nonheilagr.
ey-land, n. island ; -lendingr, m.
islander.
eyma (-da, -t), v. (i) to com-
miserate, pity ; e. sik, to lament ;
(2) impers., eymir af e-u, one feels
sore after something.
eymd, f. (i) misery, wretchedness ;
sjd e. e-m, to pity one ; (2) stingi-
ness, meanness.
eymdar-dagr, m. day of distress ;
-ligr, a. piteous, pitiful', -orft, n. pi.
wailing, lamentation ; -ticS, f. time of
distress or tribulation -tiSindi, n.
pi. disastrous news-, -timi, m. = -tid.
eyra (pi. eyru), n. ear (eyrum hlySir
gestr, en augum skofiar) ; setja hnefa
vid e. e-m, to give one a box on the
ear ; leiSa e-n af eyrum, to get rid of
one ; koma e-m til eyrna, to come to
one's ears, of news ; hafa nef i e. e-m,
to put the nose in one's ear, to whisper
to one, of a tell-tale.
eyrar-tangi, m. point of a gravel-
bank (eyrr).
eyra-runa, f. poet, mistress, wife.
eyrendi, -indi, n. ; see ' erendi '.
eyrir (gen. -is, pi. aurar), m. (i)
ounce of silver, the eighth part of a
mark (atta aurar i mork) ; hringr, er
stendr sex aura, a ring weighing or
worth six aurar ; verSr pa" at ha"lfri
mork vagina" la e., then the eyrir is
equal to half a mark in wadmal',
e. brendr = e. brends silfrs, an ounce
of pure silver ; (2) ounce (svd. var
haglit stort, at hvert hagikornit va
e y f i) j (3 ) money in general, property ;
Ijosir aurar verSa at longum trega,
bright silver brings long woe ; illr af
aurum, a miser; gefin til aura (= til
fjar), wedded for money ; hann vissi
ekki aura sinna tal, he knew not the
tale (extent] of his riches ; lausir
aurar, opp. to * fastr e. 3 , movables,
chattels (lond ok lausir aurar) ; fri3r
eyrir (= fritt fe", kvikfe), cattle ; (4)
money, ciirrency ; Flosi spurSi f
hverjum aurum hann vildi fyrir hafa,
asked in what money he wished to be
Paid.
eyris-lDot, f. a fine of an eyrir ;
-kaup, n. a bargain to the amount of
an eyrir ; -lag, n. the worth of an
eyrir (-lag lerepts) ; -land, n. land
yielding a rent of an eyrir ; -skafti,
m. loss to the amount of an eyrir ;
-tiund, f. tithe of an eyrir ; -tollr, m.
toll of an eyrir ; -pungi, m. the weight
of an ounce.
EYRNA
[121]
FAGNABR
eyrna or 0rna, gen. pi., see
'erendi 3'.
eyrna-blatS, n. lobe of the ear ;
-bora, f. orifice of the ear ; -biinaftr,
m. ornament of the ear ; -gull, n. ear-
ring ; -heill, a. having sound ears ;
-lof, n. vain praise ; -mark, n. ear-
mark^ on sheep and cattle.
eyrr (gen. eyrar, dat. and ace.
eyri ; pi. eyrar), f. sand- or gravel-
bank, either of the banks of rivers (ar-
eyrar, dals-eyrar) or of a small point
of land running into the sea, a spit.
eyr-silfr, n. quicksilver, mercury.
eyr-skar (ace. -skaan), a. galloping
over the gravel-banks.
eyroggr, a. = 0ruggr.
Eystra-salt, n. the Baltic.
eystri, a. compar. more eastern ; hit
eystra, the eastern way.
ey-vana, a. much used to.
ey-verskr, a. pertaining to the
Orkneys, from the Orkneys.
ey-vit, adv. = eyfit ; ey-vitar (for
' ey vsettar '), adv., ey-vitu, adv. not,
not at all.
ey-bolinn, m. the rivet in a clasp
knife.
F
faSerni, n. (i ) fatherhood, paternity ;
ganga vi6 f. at e-m or e-s, kennast
f. e-s, to acknowledge or admit
paternity ; at f. ed\i moSerni, on
father's or mother's side ; var hann
Ijoss ok fagr eptir f. sinu, like his
father ; (2) patrimony.
faSir (gen., dat. and ace. foSur, pi.
feSr), m. father.
fatSma (atS), v. to embrace', refl.,
faSmast, to embrace one another.
facSman, f. embracing.
faSm-lag, n. embrace', -lagast, v.
refl. = faSmast ; -leggjast, v. refl. =
leggjast i fa5ma, fadmast.
fatSmr (-s, -ar), m. (i) the out-
stretched or embracing arms', sofa
(liggja) i fadmi e-m, to sleep (lie] in
one's arms ; leggjast i fa5ma, to em-
brace each other ; fallast i fa6ma, to be
set off against each other, balance
each other (malin voru i dom lagin,
ok fellust vigin i fa5ma) ; (2) bosom
(legg hb'nd bma i sjdlfs t>fns fa5m) ;
(3) a measure of length, fatho?n.
fagna (aS), v. (i) to rejoice in a
thing (f. e-u, f e-u or af e-u) ; (2) f.
e-m, to welcome one, receive one with
good or bad cheer (var honum bar vel
fagnat) ; (3) f. vetri, jolum, sumri, to
rejoice, make a feast, at the beginning
of winter t Yule, summer.
fagnaftar-atburftr, m. joyful event ;
-dagr, m. day of rejoicing] -efni, n.
matter of joy ; -eyrendi, n. joyful
message', -eyru, n. pi., heyra e-t
-eyrum, to hear with joy ; -fullr, a.
joyful', -fundr, m. joyful meeting',
-gratr, m. weeping for joy, -heit, n.
joyful promise', -kras, f. dainty',
-kve&ja, i. joyful greeting; -lauss,
a. joyless; wretched, poor; -lof, n.
praise from a joyous heart (syngja
-lof guoM) ; -luftr, m. trumpet of joy ;
-mark, n. sign of joy, -ort$, n. pi.
joyful words; -op, n. shout of joy \
-raust, f. voice of joy ; -raft, n. happy
resolution ; -saga, f. ^ oyful news, =
feginsaga ; -saojliga, adv. joyfully,
-samligr, a. joyous, joyful ; -skruc5,
n. raiment of joy ; -statSr, m. place
of joy ; -syn, f. joyful sight ; -sail,
a. (i) happy ; (2) graceful, gracious \
-songr, m. song of joy ; -tic5, f. time
of joy, -tiftindi, n. pi. joyful, glad
tidings; -timi, m. = -ti'5; -veizla, f.
joyful feast; -vist, f. abode of joy;
-61, n. joyous banquet.
fagnatSr (gen. -ar), m. (i) joy (eilifr
f.) ; (2) welcome, greeting; (3) hos-
pitable entertainment (gerSu henni
fagnad bd viku alia) ; 61 ok annar f.,
ale and other good cheer ; (4) kunna
ser bann fagnao, to be quite satisfied
FAGNA-FUWDB
[122]
FALLA
or content (kunni hann seV pd pann
fagnaS at girnast ekki d Svfakonungs
veldi).
fagna-fundr, m.=fagna5arfundr.
fagr (fogr, fagrt ; com p. fegri), a.
fair, fine, beaittiful ; f. synum, dlitum,
fair to see ; fagrt vedr, fair (fine]
weather; f. sb'ngr, beautiful (sweet)
song; fagrt kvseSi, a fine poem ; talaSi
fagrt, en hug6i flatt, spoke fair, but
thought false.
fagr-buinn, pp. beautifully dressed,
equipped; -endi, n. pi. costly, fair
things ; -eygr, a. fair-eyed ; -fertSugr,
a. graceful, virtuous : -flekkottr, a.
fair-flecked (of a snake) ; -gali, m.
flattery (bera -gala d e-n, sld i -gala
vi6 e-n) ; -gloa, a. fair-glowing ;
-groenn, a. bright or light green ;
-harr, a. fair-haired; -hljo&andi,
pr. p. sweet-sounding; -hljocSr, a.
sweet-voiced; -hljomandi, pr. p.=
-hljoSandi ; -klaeddr, pp. fair-clad ;
-leikr, m. beauty, = fegrd ; -leitr, a.
of fair complexion, beautiful; -liga,
adv. fairly, beautifully; -ligr, a. (i)
fine-looking, handsome ; (2) agreeable
(-lig pjonasta) ; -limi, m. ''fair-
branch ', a wood (poet.) ; -Ifflti, n.
blandishment; -mall, a. 'fair-spoken;
-malugr, a. = -mdll ; -msoli, n. fair
language; -meeltr, a. = -mdll ; -ortSr,
a. fair-spoken, bland; -raucSr, a.
light-red; -Bk.a,p&<Sr,pp.fatr-sfiafan ;
-skrifatSr, ^.finely drawn, decorated
with fine figures; -skryddr, pp.
dressed in fine clothes; -varior,
pp. wearing fine clothes (of a lady) ;
-vaxinn, pp. of fair stature;
-yndi, n.= -endi ; -yrfti, n. ^\. fair
words ; -yr (5r, a. = -or5r.
fala (a), v. to demand for purchase
(f. e-t af e-m or at e-m ; f. til e-s).
falda (feld ; felt, feldum ; faldinn),
v. to array with a woman's hood (f.
e-n or e-m e-u, or med or vi3 e-u) ;
f. sik motri, med or vid motri, to hood
oneself with a motr ; Brandr var
faldinn, Brand had on a woman's
headgear; hjdlmi faldinn, wearing a
helmet.
falda (aS), v. (i) to hood (see prec.) ;
(2) to fold ; fa" mer skyrtu pma, en ek
skal f. hana saman, / shall fold it up ;
falda aptr, to itnfold.
falda-feykir, m. a magical dance in
which the hoods (faldarj flew off the
ladies' 1 heads.
fald-lauss, a. hoodless.
faldr, m. (\)fold; (2) hem of a gar-
ment ; kyrtill hlaSbuinn f fald ni5r, a
kirtle laced down to the hems ; (3) a
sort of (woman's] head-gear, hood.
fall, n. (i) fall; f. er fararheill, a
fall bodes a lucky journey ; koma e-m
til falls, to cause one to fall; foil
berast d. e-n, one begins to reel or
stagger ; (2) fall, death in battle (i
flotta er f. verst) ; (3) carcase of a
slaughtered animal (cf. ' nautsfall ',
' sauSarfall ') ; (4) frequent deaths
from plague fef myss g0r5u mein d
mat e6a klsedum, pd kom f. 1 peer) ;
(5) heavy sea (reis f. mikit allt frd
grunni) ; (6) sin, transgression ; (7)
downfall, ruin, decay ; f. engla, the
fall of angels ; gozin eru at falli
komin, the estates are dilapidated;
(8) quantity (of a vowel or syllable) ;
(9) gramm., case.
falla (fell ; fell, f&llum ; Tallinn),
v. (i) to fall; eigi fellr tre vi6 fyrsta
hogg, a tree falls not with the first
stroke ; f. af baki, to fall from horse-
back ; f. d kne, to fall on one s knees ;
f. aTram (a" bak aptr), to fall forwards
(backwards] ; f. flatr, to fall prostrate ;
f. til jarSar, to fall to the ground;
refl., la~ta fallast (=sik falla), to let
oneself fall (pd let Loki f. i kne
Skada) ; (2) to drop down dead, be
killed, fall (in battle] ; (3) to die of
plague (fellu fdtoskir menn um allt
land) ; (4) to flow, run (of water,
stream, tide) ; sserinn fell ut fra" landi,
ebbed; fell sjor fyrir hellismunnann,
the sea rose higher than the cave-
mouth ; si6an fell sjor at, the tide
rose ; peir sd pd 6s mikinn f. i sjoinn,
fall into the sea ; t a fell (a river
flowed] vi6 skdla Asolfs ; var skipit
svd hladit, at inn fe"ll um soxin, that
the s>a rushed in at the prow ; (5) of
clothes, hair, to fall, hang down ;
hdrit fell d herdar honum aptr, the
hair fell back on his shoulders ; letu
FAI/LA
[123]
FALL-JOKULL,
kvennv5ir um kne falla, they let
women's dress fall about his knees ;
(6) to fall, calm down (of the wind) ;
fell vedrit (the storm fell) ok gerSi
logn ; (7) to fail, be foiled ; sa ei<5r
fellr honum til utlegSar, if he fails in
taking the oath, he shall be liable to
outlawry ; f. d verkum sinum, to
have been caught red-handed, to be
justly slain ; f. or fallast at mdli,
sokn, to fail in one's suit ; f. fra ma!i,
to give it up ; fallinn at fraendum,
bereft of kinsmen ; doemi ek fyrir
drap bans fallnar y5rar eignir, / sen-
tence your estates to be forfeited for
his slaughter ; refl., ef gerSarmenn
lata fallast, if the umpires fail to do
their duty, pa" fellust ollum Asum
orStok ok sv hendr, then voice and
hands alike failed the Gods ; fellust
peim allar kvedjur, their greetings
died on their lips ; vill sd eigi fallast
lata andsvor, he will not fail or
falter in replying', (8) to fall out,
happen ; mer fell sva gaefusamliga (it
befell me so htckily], at ; stundum
kann svd at f., at, sometimes it may
so happen that ; (9) to be had or pro-
duced (pat ja>n fellr f firSi peim ; par
fellr hveiti ok vin) ; (10) with adv.,
e-m fellr e-t pungt, lett, a thing falls
heavily, lightly upon one (petta mun
y5r pungt f.) ; fell pd. keisaranum
pyngra bardaginn, the battle turned
against the emperor', e-m fellr e-t
naer, it falls nigh to one, touches one
nearly ; henni fell meinit svd nasr, at,
the illness fell on her so sore, that',
mer fellr eigi firr en honum, it
touches me no less than him ; hormu-
liga fellr oss nu, at, it falls out sadly
for us, that', (ll) to please, suit;
kva5 ser pat vel f. til aftekta, said
that it suited him well for drawing
revenue from ; honum fell vel f eyru
lofsord konungs, the king's praise
was pleasant in his ears', jarli fellst
pat vel i eyru, the earl was well
pleased to hear it ; mun mer ilia f., ef,
it will displease me, if; fell vel
me5 peim, they were on good terms ;
refl., honum fellst pat vel i skap, it
suited his mind well, he was pleased
with it ; fe'llst hvdrt 6<3ru vel f ge3,
they loved each other; (12) with
preps, and advs., f. af, to fall, abate
[fell af vindr, byrr) ; f. d. e-n, to befall
one ', pasr fellu lyktir a", at, the end
was, that ; f. f e-t, to fall into ; f. \
brot, to fall in a fit ; f. i ovit, to
faint, swoon ; f. i villu, to fall into
heresy ; f. i vald e-s, to fall into
one's power; fell veSrit f logn, the
storm calmed down ; f. ni5r, to fall,
drop ; mitt kvaecM mun skjott nior f.,
my poem will soon be forgotten ; fell
sva ni5r peirra tal, their conversation
dropped, they left off talking ; f.
saman, to fall in with, agree; po at
eigi felli allt saman me5 ^z\\n, though
they did not agree in everything ; f.
til, to occur, happen, fall out ; ef
auSna fellr til, if luck will have it so ;
litlu sidar fell til fagrt leiSi, a fair
wind came on ; 611 pingviti, er til
falla, all the fines that may fall in, be
due; nema porf falli til, tinless need
be ; sem sakir falla til, as the case
falls ; f. undir e-n, to fall to one's lot
(of inheritance, obligation) ; arfr fellr
undir e-n, devolves upon one ; f. ut,
to recede, of the tide (pa" er ut fell
sjorinn) ; f. vi5 cirar, to fall to at the oars.
fallerast (atS), v. refl., (i) to be mis-
taken ; (2) to prove false ; (3) to fall
(with a woman).
fall-haBtt, a. n., e-m verSr -hastt, one
staggers, is in danger of falling.
falligr, a. pretty, handsome (f. litr).
fallinn, pp. ( i ) svd f . , suck-like, so
made or constituted (hvi man hinn
sami maftr sva" f.) ; svd f. orskurSr, a
decision as follows; (2) vel, ilia f.,
well, ill-disposed (hann var vasnn
madr ok vel f.) ; fitted, worthy (bezt
til konungs f.) ; at hann vasri betr til f.
at deyja fyrir pd sok en fa5ir hans,
that he more deserved to die than his
father did; (3) neut., fallit, fit; ok
haztti pa er honum potti f., stopped
whe?i he thought fit ; kallaSi vel til f.,
said it was quite right ; (4) suited to
one (e-m) ; eigi pykki mer per su fer6
vel fallin, / think this journey will
not do for thee.
fall-jaki, m., -jokull, m. ice-berg;
FALL-SOTT
[124}
FANGA-RAB
-sott, f. plague (ef falls6tt kemr i fe"
manns) ; -staftr, m. a place to fall
upon (leita se"r -staSar) ; -valtligr,
-valtr, a. unsteady, changeable, un-
certain (-valtr fagnadr J)essa helms).
fair (-s, -ir), m. the socket of a
spear-head, into which the shaft fits
(spjotsfalr).
fair, a. for sale, to be sold ; eiga
(hafa, lata) fait, to have a thing for
sale ; mer er e-t fait, / am willing to
part with; J)eir er mer eru falastir
til flings hlutar, whom I would most
willingly let suffer.
fals, n. fraud, deceit, imposture.
fala-, in compds., false, fraudulent,
forged.
falsa (aS), v. (i) to falsify, forge (f.
rit, bref, innsigli) ; (2) to defraud,
impose upon (f. e-n) ; f. e-t af e-m, to
get a thing from one by fraud (vil ek
eigi, at J)u falsir fe af mmum J)egnum) ;
to spoil (f. brynju).
falsaftr, p.p. false, falsified, adul-
terated (f. gu5, f. drykkr).
falsara-domr, m. fraud, imposture.
falsari, m. impostor, deceiver.
fals-blandaftr, pp. blended with
fraud, guileful ; -br6f, n. false deed ;
-brotSir, m. false friar ; -greifi, m.
false count (Heinrekr -greifi) ; -guS,
m. false god ; -heit, n. false promise ;
-kona, f. false woman, harlot;
-konungr, m. false, self-made king ;
-kostr, m. false virtue ; -kristr, m.
false Christ ; -lausliga, adv. without
fraud ; -lauss, a. guileless ; -laus
mali, good money ; -laust kaup, a
bargain in good faith; -laust, adv.
= -lausliga ; -leysi, n. sincerity,
honesty ; -liga, adv. falsely ; -ligr,
a. false ; -mser, f. harlot ; -ottr, a.
deceitful ; -peningar, m. pi. false
money ; -po-.toli, m. false apostle ;
-piisa, f. unfaithful wife ; -samliga,
adv. = falsliga ; -samligr, a. false,
fraudulent ; -silfr, n.bad (adulterated]
silver ; -epamaSr, m. false prophet ;
-tru, f. false doctrine^ heresy ;
-vattr, m. false witness; -vilnan,
f. deceitful hope ; -vitni, n. false
witness (evidence] ; -vitr, a. crafty,
cunning.
fambi, m.fooli cf. * fimbul-fambi '
fang, n. (i] grasp, hold; fd f. d e-m
or af e-m, to get hold of one (fekk
engi J)eirra f. d mer) ; sd J>eir, at f>eir
fengu ekki f. af Erlingi, they saw that
they could not catch E. ; (2) wrestling,
grappling (taka f. vi5 e-n, ganga til
fangs) ; ganga d f. vi5 e-n, g. i f. e-m,
to grapple with one, provoke one;
fangs er van af frekum ulfi, /'/ is hard
to deal with a hungry wolf; (3) the
space between the arms, the breast
and arms ; kom spjotit i f. honum,
the spear pierced his breast; reka i f.
e-m, to throw in one's face ; hafa e-t
f fangi ser, to hold in one's arms, to
have in one's power ; taka i f. se"r, to
take into one's arms (tok manninn i
f. se"r ok bar ut) ; fcerast e-t i f., to
undertake a thing, take upon oneself;
fcerast e-t or fangi, to throw off,
refuse; (4) catching fish, fishing;
halda (fara) til fangs, to go a-fishing;
take, catch, draught (f. J>at, er peir
attu bd5ir) ; (5) foetus in sheep and
cows (ef gradungr eltir f. or ku) ; (6)
pi., fong, baggage, luggage; fong ok
fargogn, luggage and carriage j pro-
visions (oil voru f. hin beztu) ; bor5
me8 hin urn beztum fongum, a table
with the best of cheer ; (7) pi. means,
opportunity ; engi f. eru onnur a,
there is no other choice ; hafa f. d e-u,
to be enabled to do a thing (hofdu eigi
f. d at reka langt fl6ttann) ; af (eptir)
fongum, to the best of one's power,
according to one's means.
fanga (ac5), v. to capture (a5r en
hann var fangaQr) ; f. dau3a, to catch
onds death, die.
fanga-brekka, f. wrestling ground
(at the Althingi).
fangaSr, a. having means (fong) for
doing a thing.
fanga-far, a. short of means or pro-
visions ; e-m verQr -fdtt, falls short
of provisions ; -kvi&r, m. a body oj
jurymen taken at random ; -lauss, a.
void of means or provisions ; -leysi,
n. want of stores ; -litill, a. vile, not
worth fetching; -rac5, n. device, ex-
pedient ; goQr, fljotr -ra5s, ready,
quick at expedients.
FATSTQARI
[125]
FARA
fangari, m. wrestler.
fanga-stakkr, m. wrestling jerkin ;
-vattr, m. a witness taken at random ;
-vitni, n. testimony of a -vattr.
fang-brogft, n. pi. wrestling (takast
-brogSum).
fangelsi, n. prison, jail.
fang-hella, f. a stone set on edge on
a wrestling-ground.
fangi, m. prisoner (rare).
fanginn, pp. captured; fig. enticed.
fang-litill, a. yielding little produce ;
-stacSr, m. a place to grasp or lay
hold of; fa" -stad d e-m, to get a hold
of one; Ijd -staSar a" se*r, to let oneself
be caiight.
fangs-ti(5, f. wedding season.
fang-saBll, a. having a good grasp,
lucky; -taka, f. taking a hold (in
wrestling) ; -vinr, m. an antagonist
in wrestling (poet.)-
fann-hvitr, a. snow-white ; -mikill,
a. snowy.
fantr (-3, -ar), m. (i) servant, foot-
man (fant se ek hvern d hesti, en
lendir menn ganga) ; (2) landlouper,
vagabond.
far, n. (i) a means of passage, ship ;
bjarga fari a" floti, to save a vessel
afloat ; in compds., a trading vessel
(Islands-far, Englands-far) ; (2) pas-
sage ; taka (fa, ra"3a) ser fari or far,
to take a passage in a ship ; beiSast
fars, to ask for a passage ; synja e-m
fars, to deny one a passage ; banna
e-m f., to forbid one to sail (cf. ' far-
bann'); (3) trace, print, track
CSveinki rak lomb sin til fjoru i
forin) ; villast hundarnir farsins, the
hounds lose the track ; of et sama f.,
on the same subject ; (4) life, conduct,
behaviour; i fari konungsins, in the
king's character; (5) state, condition
(gefa beir eigi gaum um hennar far) ;
f. veSranna, the course of the winds ;
at fornu fari, of yore, of old.
fara (fer ; for, forum ; farinn), v.
(i) to move, pass alon, go; gekk
hann hvargi sem hann for, he walked
wherever he went; f. heim (heim-
an), to go home (from home] ;
f. f fund e-s, to visit one ; fjold ek
for. / travelled much ; hann sagdi,
hversu or5 foru me5 J>eim, what
words passed between them ; absol.,
to go begging (omagar, er f>ar eigu at
f. i J)vf J)ingi) ; (2) with 'fer5, Iei6' or
the like added in ace., gen., or dat. ;
f. leidar sinnar, to go onJs way, pro-
ceed on one's journey (= f. ferSar
sinnar or ferda sinna, f. ferd sma, f.
for sina, forum sfnum) ; f. >essa fer5,
to make this journey ; f. fullum dag-
Iei3um. to travel full days-journeys;
f. stef nufor, to go a-summoning ; f.
bonordsfor, to go a-wooing; f. sigrfor,
to go on the path of victory, to
triumph ; f. goda for, to make a lucky
journey ; fig., f. osigr, to be defeated;
f. mikinn ska5a, to suffer great
damage ; f. hneykju, skomm, to incur
disgrace ; f. erendleysu, to fail in one's
errand ; with the road in ace. (f. fjoll
ok dala) ; (3) f. buflum, bygdum,
vistum, to move, change one's abode ;
f. eldi ok arni, to move one's hearth
and fire ; (4) f. einn saman, to go
alone ; f. eigi ein saman, to go with
child ( i. me5 barni) ; (5) with infin. ;
f. sofa, to go to sleep (allir menn voru
sofa farnir) ; f. vega, to go to fight ;
f. leita, to go seeking (var leita farit) ;
(6) with an adj., &c. ; f. villr, to go
astray ; f. haltr, to walk lame ; f.
vanstiltr, to go out of one's mind; f.
duldr e-s, to be unaware of; f. and-
vfgr e-m, to give battle; f. leyniliga
(leynt), to be kept secret; eigi md
l^etta sva f., this cannot go on in that
way; fjarri ferr f>at, far from it, by
no means; format fjarri, at ek vilda,
/ was far from desiring it; (7) to
turn out, end ; for J)at sem likligt var,
it turned out as was likely (viz. ended
ill) ; svd for, at, the end was, that ;
ef svd ferr sem ek get til, if it turns
out as I giiess ; a somu leid for um
a5ra sendimenn, it went the same
way with the other messengers ; (8)
to ^fare well, ill ; bi<5ja e-n vel f. , to
bid one farewell; (9) to suit, fit, esp.
of clothes, hair (ekki >ykkir mer kyrt-
ill pinn f. betr en stakkr minn ; hdrit
for vel) ; impers., for ilia d hestinum,
it sat ill on the horse; (lo) impers.,
e-m ferr vel, ilia, one behaves or acts
FARA
[126]
FARA
ill', honum hafa oil mdlin
verst farit, he has behaved worst in
the whole matter ; e-m ferr vinveitt-
liga, one behaves in a friendly way ;
(n) refl., esp. of a journey; farast
vel, ilia, to go well, ill', forst peim
vel, they got on well ; forst peim pd
seint um daginn, they got along
slowly ; recipr., farast hjd, to pass
one another without meeting, = f . d
mis ; f. i moti, to march against one
another ; (12) f. e-t hondum, to touch
with the hands, esp. of a healing
touch, =f. hondum um e-t (bi6 hann
f. hondum meinit) ; f. land herskildi,
brandi, to visit a land with f war-
shield^, with fire, to ravage or
devastate it (gekk sidan d land upp
me6 Ii5i sinu ok for allt herskildi) ;
(13) to overtake (An hrismagi var
peirra skjotastr ok gat farit sveininn) ;
tunglit ferr solina, t/ie moon overtakes
the sun ; d<9r hana Fenrir fari, before
F. overtakes her; (14) to ill-treat,
treat cruelly ; menn sd ek pd, er
mjok hof6u hungri farit horund, that
had chastened their flesh with much
fasting', (15) to put an end to,
destroy ; f. ser (sjdlfr), to kill oneself;
f. lifi (fjorvi) e-s, to deprive one of
life ; pu hefir sigr vegit ok Fdfni
(dat.) um farit, killed F. ; (16) to
forfeit (f. londum ok lausafe) ; (17)
refl., farast, to perish ; f. af sulti,
hita, moeSi, to die of hunger, heat,
exhaustion ; of a ship, to founder
(forst par byrSingrinn) ; to be drowned
(alls forust par niu menn) ; pd er
basfii himinn ok jord hefir farizt, when
heaven and earth sliall have passed
away ; ferst nu vindtta ykkur, your
friendship is done with ; f. fyrir, to
come to nought (at si<3r muni fyrir f.
nokkurt storrasSi) ; (18) with preps,
and advs., f. af klaedum, to take off
one's clothes ; f. at e-m, to make an
attack upon, to assault (eigi mundi i
annat sinn vsenna at f. at jarlinum) ;
f. at e-u, to mind, pay heed to ; ekki
fer ek at, pott pii hafir svelt pik til
fjdr (it does not matter to me, I do not
care, though] ; to deal with a thing,
proceed in a certain way ; svd skal at
s6kn f., thus is the pleading to be
Proceeded with ; f. at logum, ulogum,
to proceed lawfully, unlawfully ; f.
mjiikliga at, to proceed gently ; her
skulu vi5 f. at med rd.5um, act with
deliberation ; impers. with dat., to do,
behave; ilia hefir mer at farit, I have
done my business badly ; to go in
pursuit (search) 0/"(vfkingar nokkurir
peir sem f6ru at fefongum) ; f. at
fuglaveiSum, to go a-fowling; f. at fd,
to tend sheep ; f. d. e-n, to come upon
one ; sigu saman augu, pd er dauQinn
for d, when death seized him ; f. a"
hael or haeli, to step back, retreat ; f.
eptir e-m, to follow one ; f. eptir e-u,
to go for, go to fetch (Snorri go5i
f6r eptir likinu ; f. eptir vatni) ; to
acconwiodate oneself to, conform to
(engi vildi eptir oSrum f.) ; pau or3
er eptir fara, the following words ; f.
fram, to go on, take place ; ef eigi
ferr gjald fram, if no payment takes
place ; veizlan ferr vel fram, the feast
went on well; spyrr, hvat par fceri
fram, he asked, what was going on
there ; f. fram rd5um e-s, to follow
one's advice ; allt mun pat sinu fram
f., it will take its own course ; kvdSu
pat engu gegna ok foru sinu fram,
took their own way; segir honum,
hversu peir foru fram, how they acted;
f. e-t fram, to do* perform a thing ;
spyrr hann, hvat nu se fram faranda,
what is to be done ; f. fyrir e-t, to
pass for, be taken for (fari sd fyrir
ni6ing, er) ; refl., farast fyrir, to come
to nougJit (forst pat fyrir) ; f. hjd ser,
to be beside oneself ; f. f e-t, to go into
(f. i tunnu) ; f. i sasng, rekkju, to go
to bed; f. i sess sinn, sasti sitt, to take
one's seat ; f. i klasdi, to put on
clothes, dress f. i vdpn, brynju, to
put on armour ; f. i lag, to go right
or straight again (pa foru brynn
hans i lag) ; f. i voxt, to increase ; f.
i purtf, to wane ; f. i hernaS, viking,
to go a-freebooting; nu ferr i uvaent
efni, now matters look hopeless ; to
happen, occur (allt pat, er i hafSi
farit um nottina) ; f. me5 e-t, to
wield, handle, manage; for Hroptr
med Gungni, H. wielded (the spear)
FARA
[127]
FAR-GLEJFA
Gungnir ; f. rnefl goSorS, to hold a
go6or6 ; f. me5 sok, to manage a
lawsuit ; to practise, deal in ; f. me 5
rdn, to deal in robbery ; f. me6 spott
ok held, to go scoffing and mocking ;
f. med galdra ok fjolkyngi, to practise
sorcery ; to deal with, treat, handle
(pu munt bezt ok hogligast me<5 hann
fara) ; f. af hljoSi med e-t, to keep
matters secret ; f. me<5 e-m, to go
with one, follow one (ek skal me6
y6r f. me5 allan minn styrk) ; f. med
e-u, to do (so and so) with a thing,
to deal with, manage ; hvernig peir
skyldu f. me<3 vdpnum sinum, what
they were to do with their weapons ;
si ma3r, er me5 arfinum ferr, who
manages the inheritance ; f. me5
mllum sinum, to manage one's case ;
f. vel me6 sinum hdttum, to bear
oneseJf well ; undarliga fara munkar
pessir meQ ser, these monks behave
strangely ; f. me8 barni, to go with
child', impers., ferr me6 peini heldr
fdliga, they are on indifferent terms ;
f. or landi, to leave the country ; f.
or klas6um, fotum, to take off one's
clothes, undress ; f. saman, to go
together; to shake, shudder', for en
forna fold oil saman, shivered all
through; to concur, agree (hversu
ma pat saman f.) ; f. til svefns, to go
to sleep (= f. at sofa) ; f. um e-t, to
travel over (f. um fjall) ; f. hondum
um e-n, to stroke or touch one with
the hands (hann for hondum um pci,
er sjukir voru) ; f. morgum orSum
um e-t, to dilate upon a subject '; f.
myrkt um e-t, to keep a matter dark ;
f. undan, to excuse oneself (from doing
a thing), to decline, refitse (hvat berr
til, at pu ferr undan at gera mer veizl-
una) ; bor5 fara upp, the tables are
removed ; f. lit, to go from Norway to
Iceland', to come to a close, run out
(foru sva ut pessir fimm vetr) ; f. utan,
to go abroad (from Iceland) ; f. vid
e-n, to treat one, deal with one in a
certain way ; margs ek minnast,
hve vi6 mik foruS, / have many
things to remember of your dealings
with me ; f. yfir e-t, to go through ;
nu er yfir farit um landndm, now an
account of the settlements has been
given ; skjott yfir at f., to be brief.
fara-bok, f. a book of travels, an
itinerary ; -hagr, m. travelling cir-
cumstances or condition.
farald, n. (mode of} travelling, in
the phrase, hverju (or med hverju)
faraldi (how, by what means) hann
hafdi par komit.
farandi (pi. -endr), m. traveller.
farand-kona, f. beggar-woman.
far-angr (gen. -angrs), m. luggage.
farar-bann, n. = farbann ; -beini,
m. furthering one's journey ; -blomi,
m. travelling with pomp -broddr,
m. the front of a host ; -buinn, pp. =
farbuinn ; -dvol, f. delay ; -efni, n.
pi. equipment ; -eyrir, m. money for
travelling; -gogn, n. pi. necessaries
for a journey ; -greiSi, m. convey-
ance ; -haft, n. hindrance, stoppage ;
-hestr, m. nag, horse ; -leyfi, n.
leave to go ; -mungat, n. ale for
use on a journey ; -nautr, m. =
forunautr.
fararakjota-laust, adv. without
means of conveyance.
farar-skjoti, m. means of convey-
ance ; -snuSr, m. speed on a journey ;
-stafr, m. walking-stick ; -talmi, m.
hindrance, delay in one's journey.
far-barm, n. prohibition of sailing,
embargo ; -bauti, m. ogre ; -beini,
m. = fararbeini ; -borfti, m., in the
phrase, leita ser farbor5a, to take pre-
cautions (so as to get safe and sound
out of a danger) ; -buinn, pp. pre-
pared to sail, ready for departure.
fardaga-helgr, f. the Sunday in
fardagar ; -skeitS, n. the time of far-
dagar.
far-dagar, m. pi. removing days (four
successive days in summer, at the
end of May, old style) ; -drengr, m.
sea-faring man ; -flotti, a. fitgitive,
exiled; -fuss, a. eager for depart-
ing; -fysi, f. eagerness to depart or
travel.
farga (aft), v. (i) with ace., to press ;
(2) with dat., to destroy, make away
with.
far-gsefa, f. good luck on a journey ;
-gogn, n. pi. luggage, baggage ; -g0rvi,
FAR-HIRDIB
[128]
FAST
n. travelling- gear; -hir<5ir, m. ferry-
man.
-fari, m. sea-far er, voyager, only in
compds. (Dyrlinnar-fari, Englands-
fari) ; traveller (Jorsala-fari).
farinn, pp. (i) gone, undone; J)d er
farnir voru forsiofiumenn Troju, when
the defenders of Troy were dead and
gone ; bans tafl var mjok sv farit,
his game was almost lost ; farinn af
sulti ok mcecH, famished and ex-
hausted ; f. at e-u, destitute of (f. at
vistum, lausafe) ; tungl farit, a * dead''
moon, new moon ; sol var skamt
farin, the sun was little advanced,
not long risen ; pa var dagr alljos ok
sol farin, broad day and the sun high
in the sky ; (2) so and so conditioned ;
vel andlits f., vel f. i andliti, well-
favoured ; mjok aldri f., stricken in
years ; vel ordi (or ordum) f., well-
spoken, eloquent ; impers., e-m er e-n
veg farit, one is so and so ; er eigi
einn veg farit ugsefu okkar, our ill-
luck is not of one piece ; veQri var
J)annig farit, at, the weather was such
that ; hversu landinu er farit, what
the condition of the country is ; henni
er J>annig farit, at hon er mikil ey,
long, /'/ (viz. the island] is so shaped
that it is large and long', fig., of dis-
position, character; er honum vel
farit, he is a well-disposed man ; J>eim
var ulikt farit at morgu, they were
unlike in many respects ; undarli^a
er yftr farit, ye are strange men ; add-
ing the prep, til : nii er annan veg til
farit, now matters are altered; nu er
sva til farit, at ek vil, now the case is,
that I wish ; (3) d fornum vegi, on
the high-road (ef ma8r andast a for-
num vegi) ; hann kom heim af
fornum vegi, from a journey.
far-kona, f. beggar-woman.
farkonu-sott, f. a kind of disease.
far-kostr, m. a vessel, a ship ;
-land, a. unable to go further on a
journey ; -leiga, f. passage-money ;
-lengd, f. journey, travels ; -Ijoas, a.
light enough for travelling (nott
var f>a farljos) ; -log, n. pi. nautical
law ; -ma(5r, m. sea-faring man,
seaman, travelling merchant.
farmanna-buftir, f. pi. merchant
booths ; -log, n. pl.= farlog.
far-motSr, a. weary from travelling.
farmr (-s, -ar), m. freight, cargo
(bera, flytja farm af skipi) ; load (in
general) ; (2) contents (maSrinn finnr
fotuna med sinum farmi).
far-moet5a, f. tiredness or weariness
from travelling.
farna(5r (gen. -ar), m. furtherance,
speed (til farnadar mer ok til ferQar) ;
J)ar til er hon kynni nokkurn farnaS,
till she had learned how to get on in
the world.
far-nagli, m. plug (in a boat).
farnaat (ac5), v. refl., f. vel, to speea
well ; to be fortunate.
far-nest, n. provisions for a journey
(i bagga hans var farnest hans).
farning, f. ferrying over, passagt
(veita e-m f.).
farningar-maSr, m. = ferjuma5r.
farningr (gen.-s), m. = farning.
far-rak, -rek, n. strs.it, dilemma ;
at {>u komir aldri si5an i slfkt farrak,
in siich a strait ; J)at hafcH >6r6i
or5it til farreks, at, that mishap haa
befallen Thord, that.
farri, m. landlouper, vagrant.
far-skip, n. ferry-boat.
fars-kostr, m. = farkostr.
far-snilli, f. nautical art ; -synjan
f. reftising to ferry one over.
far-seela, f. good speed, prosperity
happiness; -saslast (d), v. refl., U
speed well, have luck ; -saeld, f. =
-saela ; fridr ok farsasld, peace anc
happiness; -seell, a. (i) speeding wel
in voyages (sva farsaell, at hann kau:
ser jafnan hb'fn) ; (2) prosperoiis
-saelliga, adv. prosperously ; -saslligr
a. prosperous, advantageous, usefu
(farsaslligir hlutir).
farsselu-lauss, a. (i) luckless; (2
miserable.
far-talmi, m. = farartalmi ; -tekja
f. taking a passage in a ship; -vegr
m. (i) track (manna farvegr) ; (2
channel, bed of a river; (3) road
journey (langr farvegr) ; -egi, m
Passenger.
fast, adv. firmly, fast (sitja, standa
binda, halda f.) ; sofa f.,/0 sleep fast
FASTA
[129]
FATTR
drekka f., to drink hard; leita f.
eptir, to urge, press hard; ryoj'ast
urn f., to make a hard onslaught ;
leggja f. at, to close with one (in a
sea-fight) ; telja f. d e-n, to give one
a severe lesson.
fasta (aft), v. to fast ', abstain from
food ; f. t>urt, to fast on dry food.
fasta, f. (\] fast, fasting; (2) season
appointed for fasting (niu vikna f.).
fasta-eign, f. real property ', opp. to
* lausafe ', ' lauss eyrir ' ; -far, n., only
in dat., (i) fastafari, eagerly, con-
stantly ; -goz, n. = fasta-eign.
fast-eygSr, -eygr, a. firm-eyed ;
-garftr, m. fastness, stronghold ;
fastgardr er fyrir, there are great
obstacles in the way; -haldr, a. (l)
tenacious, saving; (2) steadfast, con-
stant (fasthaldr d sinni fyrirastlan) ;
-heitirm, a. true to one's word;
-heldi, f. (i) closeness, parsimony ;
(2) tenacity, constancy; -hendr, a.
close-fisted.
fasti, m. poet, fire ; fcera e-n i fasta,
to bring one into a strait.
fastla, adv. =fastliga.
fast-liga, adv. firmly, strongly;
trua -liga, to believe firmly ; e-t horfir
-liga, it looks hard, difficult; vera-liga
kominn, to be set fast ; -ligr, a. fast,
firm, strong; -lyndr, a. firm, strong-
minded; -mall, a. trusty; -meeli,
n. pi. fast engagement (binda e-t
fastmaslum).
fastna (at5), v. (i) to pledge, promise
solemnly (f. e-m 16'gbot) ; (2) to be-
troth (fastnaQi Mordr Hruti dottur
sina) ; f. s6r konu, to engage a wife ;
refl. fastnast, to be betrothed.
fastna(5ar-mal, n. = festarmdl ; -61,
n.=festarol.
fastnaSr (-ar), m. betrothal.
fastnandi (pi. -endr), m. betr other.
fast-naBmr, a. (i) close-fisted; (2)
firm, trusty (-naemr vi8 vini sina).
fast-orcSr, a. tme to one's word.
fastr, a. (i) fast, firm, sticking fast
to the spot; hrutr f. (held fast, en-
tangled] meSal vi6a ; f. velli,
standing fast (in battle) ; standa f.
fyrir, to standfast (firm}; (2) close,
close-fisted; f. ok fegjarn, close and
covetous ; f. af e-u, sparing of (f. af
drykk) ; (3) of a meeting : J>d er sokn-
ar>ing er fast, during the session ;
(4) firm, faithful (fast heit, loford,
fost tru) ; fullr ok f., definitive, per-
manent (J>essi grid skulu vera full ok
fost); (5) strong, hard (f. bardagi);
fast atkvasSi, hard syllable (ending in
a double consonant) ; (6) til fasta,
fast, firmly ; rd6a, masla, heita til
fasta, to make a firm agreement.
fast-raSinn, pp. determined '(-rd.6inn
i e-u) ; hafa e-t -raQit, to have made
up one's mind (about] ; -riki, n. strong
rule, tyranny ; -settr, pp. fast-rooted
(-sett villa) ; -tekinn, pp. determined,
resolved (hafa e-t fast-tekit me6 ser,
-tekinn i e-u) ; -toekr, a. headstrong,
stubborn ; -utSigr, a. staunch, firm of
mind; -uftliga, &d.v. firmly ; -uftligr,
a. = -udigr ; -vingr, a. steadfast as
r/<? 7 , = vinfastr ; -yrftr, a. = -or6r.
fat, n. (i) vat, vessel, pail (kona
vildi bera vatn en hafdi ekki f.) ; eitt
fat (basket] me5 vinberjum ; (2) lug-
gage, baggage (bera fot sin a" skip,
bera fot i land) ; (3) article of clothing,
garment, pi. (fot), clothes, dress (hann
haf6i fot sin i fangi se'r, en sjlfr var
hann naktr).
fata, f. pail, bucket.
fata (aft), v. to step, = feta..
fata-buningr, m. apparel; -bur,
n. wardrobe ; -g0rvi, n. luggage, gear ;
-hestr, m. pack-horse ; -hirzla, f.
wardrobe ; -hruga, f. heap of clothes ;
-kista, f. clothes-chest.
fatlaftr, pp. impeded; fjotri fatlaSr,
fettered.
fat-lauss,, a. (i) without clothes, *=*
klae5lauss ; (2) without luggage.
fatl-byrSr, f. a burden fastened with
straps (cf. * fetill ').
fatnatSr (gen. -ar), m. clothing.
fat-pruftr, a. dressy, finely dressed;
-prytSi, f. dressiness.
fatr, n. impediment, delay.
fatrast (atJ), v. refl. to be entangled
or impeded in a thing (fatrast mjok
fyrir honum).
fats-toturr, m. tatters.
fattr, a. (easily} bowed backwards.
ICEL. DICT.
FATT-SKOLPTABR
[130]
PA
fatt-skolptatSr, a. with upturned
snout.
fauska-grcptr, m. digging dry logs
out of the earth for fuel.
fauskr (-s, -ar), m. a rotten dry log
(fuinn fauskr, forn fauskr).
fax, n. mane', poet., vallar fax, the
field's mane, wood 1 .
faxatSr, pp. maned, having a mane.
fa (fa ; fekk, fengum ; fenginn),
v. (i) to grasp with the hands, get
hold of; hon hefir fengit einn stein,
she has taken a stone ; (2) to take,
capture (fengu peir Gunnar) ; (3) to
get, gam, win ; sd faer er frjdr, he
that woos wins ; fd fljods ast, to win
a womarts love ; harm ba5 konunnar
ok fekk heitit hennar, he asked the
woman in marriage and got the
promise of her hand', fa" sitt eyrindi,
to accomplish ones errand; fd haerra
hlut, to get the better of it ; fd g65ar
viStokur, to get a good reception ;
fd skilning d e-u, to get know-
ledge of; (4) to suffer, endure ; fd
usigr, to be defeated; fd skafla, to
suffer harm ; fd livit, to fall senseless,
to faint ; fa" Kfldt, to fall lifeless ; fd
bana, to come by one's death ; (5) to
get, procure ; hann fekk sdr gott
kvanfang, he got a good wife ; (6) to
give, deliver to one, put into one's
hands ; fd mer (give me) leppa tvd or
hdri J)inu ; fdit nu konungi festu (give
the king bail] J>d er honum h'ki ; fa
e-m sb'k, to charge one ; var sd sveinn
fenginn f hendr okkr, delivered into
our hands ; fd e-m e-t at geyma, to
give a thing into one's charge ( = fd
e-m e-t til geymslu) ; (7) with pp.
following, to be able to ; fd e-n veiddan,
to be able to catch one ; hon faer meS
engu mod vakit J)d, she could by no
means awaken them ; peir munu mik
aldri fd sott, they will never be able
to overcome me ; fengu peir honum
ekki ndt, they could not catch him ;
skaltu hvergi fd undan hokat, thou
shalt have no chance of sneaking
away ; hann fekk po eigi viss orSit,
he could not make out for certain ; (8)
with gen., to get, take, gain, win ;
J)eir fengu fjar mikils, they took a rich
booty; vel er J>ess fengit, it is weh
earned, well done ; hann var eigi
skdld, ok hann hafSi ei peirrar listar
fengit, he had not received that gift ;
fd ver$ar, to take a meal; hann fekh
ser sveitar (he raised a band] ok
g0rSist illvirki ; fd konu, to get a
wife, marry (hon var dtjdn vetra, ei
forsteinn fekk hennar) ; (9) to con-
ceive, of sheep and cattle (fd bursar,
lambs); (10) to touch, affect; pat
fekk mikils hinum hertekna manni,
it touched the captive deeply ; pd faei
fcorbirni svd mjok (Th. was so much
moved), at hann graetr; (11) impers.,
one can get or find ; vdpn svd go^, at
eigi faer onnur slik, that the like art
not to be got; at varla fdi vitrara
mann, that a wiser man is hardly tc
be found; also, one may or can (dc
something) ; pat skip faer vel varil
eldi, that ship can well be guardea
against Jire ; (12) with preps.; fd al
se"r (with infin.) to bring oneself to \
peir fengu af verra, they got the worst
of it; fd at veizlu, bruokaupi, bloti,
to get provisions for a feast (hann fekk
at bloti miklu) ; sd dagr er at jolum
skal fa, the day when preparations
are to be made for Yule (cf. ' atfanga-
dagr ') ; f d d e-u, to get hold of, grasp
with the hand; fa^ir M6a fekk ci
>remi, the father of M. caught hola
of the brim ; fd a e-n, to touch, affeci
one, move (opt fd d horskan lostfagrii
litir) ; Idta e-t d sik fd, to be (deeply]
affected by, take it to heart ; drykki
faer d e-n, the drink intoxicates ont
(er drykkr fekk d Hdkon jarl) ; fa"
i e-t, to take hold of, grasp with tht
hand (= fd d e-u) ; forSu'Su fingrum,
fengu i snoeri, they took hold of tht
strings ; fd e-t or e-s til, to get, pro-
cure (var kirkja gor ok kennimanna
til fengit) ; fd e-n til at g0ra e-t, to gel
o?ie to do a thing; f>eir fengu menn
til at ry^ja skip sitt, they got men tc
clear their ship ; fd til e-s, to lay hola
of; f>ar var fjold fjdr, fengu til margir,
there was wealth of money, and many
took a share of it; (13) refl., fdst i e-Uj
to be busy, exert oneself, engage in a
matter (drottningin mdtti par ekki i
FA
[131]
FAR
fdst) ; Helgi leita^i {>d, ef Sigur&r
vildi i fast vift f>orvald, if S. would try
ivith Th. ; segir hana ljuga ok fdst i
rogi, and deal in slander ; fdst vi5
e-t = f. i e-u ; f. vi6 e-n, to have to do
with, to contend with one (H. segist
f>d vilja . . . fdst eigi vi5 fjdnda J>enna) ;
to wrestle (grapple] with one (skaltu
fdst vid bldmann varn).
fa (fa, fafta, fa$r), v. to draw,
paint; fd runar, to draw runes or
magic characters ; v^r hofum fd6a
unga brufti d vegg, we have painted
the young bride on the wall ; gulli
fd5r, gilded.
fa-byg(5r, pp. thinly peopled.
fadaema-mikill, a. uncommonly
great (hogg fadcema-mikit).
fa-doemi, n. pi. exceptional things;
vera me6 fddoemum, to be exceptional,
portentous; -daemiligr, a. exceptional,
extraordinary.
fadoemis-heimska, f. extraordinary
foolishness.
fa-einir, a. pi. only a few (=fdir
einir) ; -froSr, a. ignorant ; -froetSi,
f. want of knowledge, ignorance.
faga (aft), v. (i) to adorn, embellish
(gjorS fdgud me8 brogSum) ; (2) to
polish, clean = faegja (hun fagar ok
pvaer foetr {)eirra allra) ; (3) to take
care (charge) of, to tend (f. farsaelu-
lausa, sjuka); (4) to cultivate (f. rangan
dtrunad) ; f. jorSina, to till the earth ;
(5) to worship (f. heiSin god).
fagan, f. worship (f. guda).
faganar-maSr, m. worshipper.
fagandi (pi. -endr), m., fagari, m.
cultivator, worshipper (vingards fdg-
andi, fdgari skurdgoda).
fa-glyjat$r, pp. oj little glee, sad.
fdgu-ligr, a. neatly polished.
fa-gaetr, a. scarce, rare, uncommon ;
-heyrftr, pp., -heyriligr, a. unusual;
-hjuatSr, a. few in family (var f>ar
fahjuat) ; -liaBfr, a. of little use.
fai, m. image, figure.
fainn, a. polished, stained.
fa-katr, a. sad, in low spirits.
fak-hestr, m. = fdkr.
fa-klasddr, pp. having few clothes
on, thinly clad.
fakr (-s, -ar), m. horse (poet.).
fa-kunnandi, f., -kunnasta.f. ignor-
ance ; -kunnigr, a. ignorant', -kunn-
eikr, m.= -kunnasta ; -kunnligr, a.
musual, rare; -kynsl, n. pi. -kynstr,
n. shocking accident.
fala, f. giantess, hag, witch.
fa-latr, a. silent, reserved; -leikr,
m. coldness, melancholy (taka fdleika
ok ugle5i) ; -liSa, a. indecl., -li^aSr,
-li'6r, a. with feiv followers ; -liga,
adv. coldly (fell me5 |)eim heldrfdliga) ;
-ligr, a. cold, reserved.
falka-kaup, n. purchase of falcons ;
-veitSr, f. catching of falcons.
falki, m. falcon.
fdlma (aS), v. to fumble, grope about
(f. hondum, saxi) ; f. til e-s, to try to
get hold of one (Hrappr vildi f. til
mm) ; (2) to flinch (f. af hraezlu).
fa-lyndi, n. steadfastness, faithful-
ness ; -lyndr, a. steadfast, faithful,
opp. to ' fjollyndr ' ; -maligr, a. chary
of words, reticent ; -menni, n. few
people ; -mennr, a. having few fol-
lowers (fara famennt) ; -meeltr, a.=
-mdligr ; -nefndr, pp. seldom men-
tioned; -nytr, a. of little use; -or^r,
a. sparing of words.
far (fa, fatt ; compar. faari or faerri,
superl. f8B3tr), a. (i) few; med fa
lidi, vi6 fd menn, with few men ; fdir
( = fdir menn \,few ; fdir einir, only a
few ; i fain or6um, in feiv words ; the
sing, often instead of plur., esp. in
old sayings (lar er fagr, ef grastr;
f. bregQr hinu betra, ef hann veit hit
verra) ; neut. fatt, few things (fdtt
veit sd er sefr) ; var eigi boSit faera en
hundraSi, no fewer than a hundred
were invited; fdtt af ^eirra monnum,
only a few of their men ; with gen.,
fdtt manna, few men ; fdtt gods, but
little good; peir ugdu fatt at ser, they
feared little for their own safety ;
with numerals, fdtt i, less th in, short
of, save; vetri fatt i fjora tigu, forty
years all but one, thirty-nine years ;
litit fatt i fimm tigi vetra, little short
of ffty years; halfum eyri fdtt i atta
merkr, eight marks less half an oitnce ;
sex menn it faesta, six men at least;
(2) cold, reserved, in low spirits =
fdldtr ; var l>a Gunnarr vi6 hana leng :
FAR
[132]
FiD-DRjtJGR
far, was cold to her for a long time ;
neut. fatt, coolness ; var fa"tt um meQ
peim brceSrum //Z brothers were on
indifferent terms ; fatt var med peim
Hruti um samfarar, ^n? w^j <:00/-
ne ss between H. and his wife : hva"rt
er var i milli peirra mart ec5a fatt,
whether they stood on good or bad
terms, were friendly or not.
far, n. (i) bale, harm, mischief ', lesa
f. um e-n, to speak foul calumnies of
one\ af lt\,from evil passion ; ef ek
vissa pat f. fyrir, if I could foresee that
bale ; full skal signa ok vi3 fa~ri sja,
and so prevent harm from it; pat er
f. mikit ('tis a bad omen), ef pu foeti
drepr ; (2) dangerous illness (Id hann
i pessu fari naer viku) ; (3) fraud, false
dealing.
fa-ra&r, a. perplexed, helpless.
far-hugr, m. wrath, grudge ; -kuldi,
m. piercing coldness (-kuldi ve6rs) ;
-leikr, m. disaster; -liga, adv. (i)
wrathfully; (2) abominably; -ligr,
a. harmful, disastrous ; -ramr, a. ter-
ribly strong.
fars-fullr, a. ill-natured, malignant.
fars-skapr, m. fierceness.
fars-kona, f. wicked woman ; -mac5r,
m. wicked man.
far-sott, f. pestilence; -verkr, m.
severe pain ; -viSri, n. baleful weather,
tempest; -yr<5i, n. ^\.foul language.
fa-roeddr, pp. little spoken of (par
var fdrcett um) ; -roeftinn, a. chary of
words ( = famaligr, faor<5r) ; -s6nn,
a. seldom seen, rare ; -sinni, n. loneli-
ness, isolation ; -skiptinn, a. little
meddling, quiet ; -skru(5igr, -skrutS-
ligr, a. meagre, poor; -skyrliga,
adv. foolishly (spyrja fdskyrliga) ;
-skyrligr, 2i. foolish, silly; -statSar,
adv. in few places ; -talaftr, pp. (i) =
-ordr ; (2) having few vowel- sounds ;
-ti(5indi, n. pi. rare occurrence ;
-tifiliga, adv. rarely; -titSligr, a.,
-ti?5r, a. uncommon, rare ; -toekdomr,
m. poverty ; -tceki, n. want, poverty ;
ganga d fdtoeki, to go a-begging.
fatcekis-domr, m. = idtoekdomr ;
-folk, n. poor folk; -land, n. land
of affliction ; -lift, n. poor people ;
, m.poor man.
fatosk-leikr, m. poverty ; -liga, adv.
poorly ; -ligr, a. poorly, poor.
fa-toskr, a. poor ; -toekt, f. poverty ;
-vingaftr, pp. having few friends
(hafa fdvingat) ; -vitr, a. unwise,
foolish, silly ; -vitr a, -vizka, f. un-
wisdom, folly ; -vizkr, a. = favitr ;
-viss, a. foolish.
f6 (gen. fjar) n. (i) cattle, esp.
sheep ; peir raku felt (the sheep] upp
d geilarnar ; gaeta fjar, to herd or
tend sheep ; ganganda fe, live stock,
opp. to * dautt fe ', or ' liggjanda fe,'
valuables, money ; (2) property, money
(hvart sem fe J)at er land eSr annat
fe) ; fyrirgora fe ok fjorvi, to forfeit
property and life; fe er fjorvi firr,
life is dearer than money ; fe veldr
frasnda rogi, money makes foes oj
kinsmen ; afla ser fjar ok frsegSar
(frama), to gain wealth and fame;
hdr er fe pat (the money], er Gunnarr
greiddi ; piggit pat, herra, fe er i pvi,
there is value in it; pi. fe (dat. fjam),
Property, means.
f6au$nu-ma(5r, m. a man lucky with
his sheep ; f6-bo<5, n. offer of money.
f6bota-laust, adv. without any com-
pensation being paid.
f6-brog(5, n. pi. devices for making
money ; -boetr, f. pi. compensation,
esp. as weregild, opposed to * mann-
hefndir.'
feftgar, m. pi. father and son (or
sons) ; vi5 f. we, father and son ; vin
peirra Sturlu fedga, a friend ofSturla
and his father.
fetSgin, n. (i) father or mother
(hvarttveggja fedginit) ; (2) ^..parents;
vdrra fyrstu feSgina, of our first
parents ; f. e5a na-fraendr, parents or
near kinsfolk ; hjd feSginum sinum
ok forellrismonnum, by his parents
and forefathers.
fe(5ma (a^5), v. to span or encompass
with the arms.
fecSr, m. father, = fadir.
feSr-betrungr, m. = foSurbetrungr.
feftr-land, n. fatherland, = foSurland;
-munir, m. pi. patrimony.
f6-drengr, m. open-handed man
(-drengr godr vi6 sina vini) ; -drjugr,
a. rich in sheep and cattle.
FE-FANG
[133]
FELA
f6-fang, n. booty ; -fastr, a. close-
fisted, ia.s\.r af fe ; -fatt, a. n. / want
of money (e-m er 0r verSr feTatt) ;
-fellir, m. Aw of sheep (from plague
or starvation) ; -festi, f. closejisted-
ness; -fletta (-tta, -ttr), v. to strip
(one) of money, cheat (one] ; -frekr,
a. greedy for money ; -fong, n. pi.
booty, plunder, spoil, cf. ' fefang ' ;
-gefinn, pp. given for (and to] gain.
fegin-leikr, m.joyfulness.
feginn, a. glad, joy fit I ; verSa f. to
rejoice ; fegnari en fra megi segja,
happy beyond description ; with dat.,
Ingi konungr var5 honum hinn feg-
nasti, king Ingi was delighted with
his coming; iliu f. ver J>u aldrigi,
never rejoice in mischief-, taka vi6
e-m fegins hendi, to receive one joy-
fully, with heart and hand', finnast
d. fegins degi, to ?neet on the day of
joy, at the resurrection.
fegin-saga, {.joyful news'", -samliga,
adv. joyfully ; -samligr, a. joyful.
f<-girnd, -girni, f. avarice ; -gjald,
n. Payment, fine-, -gjarn, a. covetous,
avaricious', -gjof, f. gift of money;
-g!0ggr, a. close-handed; -g6(5r, a.
good, current (f fe'godum peningum).
fegra (a$ or -tSa), v. to embellish,
beautify ; kanna si5u manna ok f.
to improve, better ; ekki J>arf J>at
orSum at f. there is no use trying to
extenuate it; f. um e-t, to mend,
Polish up.
fegrft, f. beauty (f. solarinnar).
fegrcSar-fullr, a. beautiful; -lauss,
a. void of beauty.
f6-griS, n. pi., security for property ;
gyrtSill, m. money-bag, purse (worn
on the belt) ; -gs9tni, f. saving habits ;
-gofugr, a. blessed with wealth ;
-hirtSir, m. (i) herd, shepherd; (2)
treasurer; -hirzla, f. (i) treasury;
(2) treasure.
f6hirzlu-hus, n. treasure-house ;
-macSr, m. treasurer.
fe-hiis, n. (i) = fjos, cattle-house;
(2) treasury.
feigtS, f. approach, foreboding, or
sign of death (>u satt ^egar i dag
feigdina d honum).
feigt5ar-greip, f. hand of death.
feig-ligr, a. (i) looking ' fey like* \
(2) boding death.
feigr, a. fated to die, fey ; ekki md
feigum forSa, there is no saving, or
resetting, a 'fey ' man ; standa, ganga
feigum totum to tread on the verge of
ruin ; maela feigum munni, to talk
with a 'fey ' mouth ; vilja e-n feigan,
to wish one's death.
feikn, a. awfid, terrible.
feikn, f. portent, terrible thing.
feikna-litS, n. terrible host; -vecSr,
n. fearful weather, tempest.
feikn-stafir, m. pi. baleful runes,
evils, curses.
feilast, v. refl. to falter, be timid
(Sinfjotli le"t sr ekki feilast).
feima, f. bashful girl.
feita (-tta, -ttr), v. to fatten.
feiti, {.fatness.
feiting, {.fattening.
feit-leikr, m. fatness, = feiti.
feitr, &.fat.
f-katr, a. proud of one's wealth ;
-kostna&r, m. expenditure, expense;
-kostr, m. = -kostnaQr; -krokar,
m. pi. ' money-crooks ' ; viz. wrinkles
about the eyes, marking a greedy man
(syndist HallfreSi fekr6kar \ augum
hans).
fel, f. the folded skirt of a cloak (?).
fela (fel ; fal, falum ; folginn), v.
(i) to hide> conceal (falu t>eir gullit i
Rin ; J>aer austr ok vestr enda falu) ;
fel sver6 J)itt, sheathe thy sword;
yrkja folgit, to use obscure phrases (in
poetry) ; impers., fal J)a syn (ace.)
milli peirra, they lost sight of one
another; (2) f. e-m e-t, to make over,
to give in trust or charge to one;
hann fal O5ni allan f>ann val, he gave
all the slain to Odin ; mey frumunga
fal hann (entrusted to) megi Gjuka ;
f. e-m e-t hendi, to commit a thing
to one's charge, to commend; falu sik
ok salir smar gu5i almattkum a hendi,
they commended themselves and their
souls to God Almighty; f. e-t undir
ei6 sinn (pegnskap sinn), to vouch
upon one's oath (upon one's honour] ;
f. e-t undir e-m, to put under one's
charge; er und einum meY oil um
folgin hodd Niflunga, the whole hoard
FE-IiAG
[134]
FELLI-VETR
of the Nifltings is in my hands alone ;
man he*r 611 var vindtta undir felast,
all our friendship will depend upon
this ; f. e-n a brott, to put one out for
alimentation ; f. e-n inni = f. e-n a"
brott ; sd boandi, er hann felr sik
inni, the man with whom he boards
and lodges; f. bufe* inni at e-m, to
put out (cattle, sheep) to one to keep ;
(3) refl. felast, to hide oneself (morg
leyni f>au, er f. mdtti f) ; f . i faomi e-m,
to be locked in one's arms ; f. a" hendi
e-m, to put oneself in another's hands,
enter his service (Kolskeggr falst d
hendi Sveini Dana-konungi).
fe-lag, n. fellowship, partnership ;
eiga -lag saman, to be partners', eiga
(hafa) felag viQ e-n, hafa felag e-s, to
be in partnership with one ; leggja
felag vi6 e-n, to enter into partnership
with one; leggja til feUags, to con-
tribute to a common fund; skipta til
feUags, to share in partnership.
felaga-erftS, f. a partner's inheri-
tance.
f6-lagi, m. (i) partner, shareholder
of any kind ; also used of married
people, partner, mate (hvat segir J>u
mer fra Hruti, felaga pinum) ; ek vil
skilja vi6 felaga minn, I wish to part
with my mate; (2) fellow, mate, com-
rade ; goSr (gamansamr) felagi, a
good (merry) fellow ; felagi minn ok
iraendi, my comrade and kinsman.
felag-leikr, m. friendliness ; -ligr,
a. friendly, kind (e-m, vi5 e-n).
lelags-bii, n. joint household; -fe,
n. common fund ; -g0rc$, f. (i ) entrance
into partnership; (2) contract (nema
annan veg hafi maelt verit i feg0r6
peirra) ; -hross, n. a horse owned in
partnership with others.
felagskap-ligr, a.=felagligr.
felag-skapr (gen. -skapar), m. (i)
fellowship, partnership; (2) com-
panionship, friendship ; g0r6ist par
bra"tt -skapr g66r, they soon became
intimate friends ; binda saman lag sitt
ok -skap, to enter into close alliance.
feiags-lagning, f. entering into
Partnership; -matSr, m. partner;
-vaBtti, n. a witness in matters of a
f-lauss, a. penniless, poor ; -laust,
adv. ?-#//.$, = kauplaust ; -lat, n. loss
of money.
feldar-blac5, n. = -skaut ; -dalkr, m.
cloak-pin ; -roggvar, f. pi. the long
hairs of the outside of a cloak ; -skaut,
n. the skirt of a cloak ; -slitr, n. tatters
of a cloak.
feldr (-ar, -ir), m. cloak.
feldr, pp. fitted; vera vel (ilia) f. til
e-s, to be well (ill] fitted for a thing;
neut., J)er er ekki felt at, /'/ is not Jit
for thee to.
f6-leysi, n. want of money ; -ligr, a.
vahtable, handsome (esp., ekki feligr) ;
-litill, a. (i) short of money, poor;
(2) of little value (f^litill skogr).
feljottr, a. shabby, rough (verja
feljott sem laki).
fell, n. 'fell', (isolated) hill, moun-
tain. Cf. 'fjall'.
fella (-da, -dr), v. (i) to fell, make
fall; f. vi6, to fell timber; f. segl, to
take down sails; (2) to kill, slay (in
battle) ; f. e-n. frd landi, to slay or
dethrone (a king) ; f. fena8 sinn, to
lose one's sheep or cattle from cold or
hunger; (3) to cause to cease, abolish
(f. blot ok blotdrykkjur) ; f. roe5u sina,
to close ones speech ; f. nic5r, to put an
end to, abandon, give up (f. ni5r pann
a'triinaQ) ; (4) f. heitstrenging a" sik,
to bring down on one's head the curse
for a broken vow ; (5) to tongue and
groove, to Jit ; f. stokk a" horn, to put
a board on the horns of a savage bull;
(6) fig., f. ast (hug) til e-s, to turn one's
mind (love) towards one, to fall in
love with ; f. basn at e-m, to address
prayer to one, to beg of one ; f. sik vi6
e-t, to Jit oneself to a thing; f. sik
mjok vid umroeSuna, to take a warm
part in the debate.
fella, f. (i) framework, a framed
board; (2) mouse-trap.
felli-hurft, f. trap-door ; -kapa, f. a
kind of plaid.
felling, f. ( i ) felling, knocking down ;
(2) joining, framing.
fellir, m. death, esp. of cattle.
felli-sott, f. sudden illness; -vetr,
m. a hard winter when the cattle die
of cold or hunger.
FEIiIiU-JABJT
[135]
F^-SKYLFT
fellu-jarn, n. wrought iron.
felms-fullr, a. alarmed, frightened,
felmia (-mta, -mtr), v. to be in a
state of fright and alarm (fari menn
stilliliga ok felmti eigi) ; te\\\\\x , frigh-
tened (fara f.); e-m verflr felmt vi#,
one gets frightened.
felmtr, m. sudden fear, fright (slasr
felmt d. e-n).
fe-ma(5r, m. moneyed man ; -mal, n.
pi. money-matters ; -mikill, a. ( I )
moneyed, rich ; (2) valuable, costly ;
-mildr, a. open-handed ( = mildr af
fe); -missa, f. loss of property;
-munir, m. pi. valuables, property ;
-muta, f. bribe in money ; -mtr, a.
valuable.
fen (gen. pi. fenja), n. bog, quag-
mire (myrar ok fen).
fena (atS), v. impers., e-m fe'nar, one
gains (fenaSi per nu).
fenaSr (gen. -ar), m. sheep, cattle.
fengi, n. &w/y,=herfang ; -liga, adv.
advantageously (dreyma -liga).
fenginn, ^.fitted (vel til e-s f.).
fengi-saell, a. making a good haul.
feng-litill, a. of little value.
fengr (gen. fengjar), m. (i) haul,
take ; (2) gain, booty (verQr litit til
fengjar) ; (3) store, supply.
feng-samr, a. making large pro-
vision ; -semi, f. being fengsamr.
fe-niSingr, m. miser.
fenjottr, a. boggy (cf. 'fen').
fenna (-ta, -t), v. to cover with snow ;
impers., fennti fe, the sheep were
snowed up.
fe-nyta (-tta, -ttr), v. to turn to
account, make use 0/"(-nyta ser e-t) ;
-nytr, a. that will bring in money,
-penningr, m. penny-worth, money ;
-pynd, f. extortion ; -racS, n. pi. advice
in money matters ; -ran, n. plunder.
feraiis-domr, m. court of execution.
ferft, f. (i) journey (gera ferd sina
heiman); vera i fer6 med e-m, to
travel with one ; (2) conduct, behaviour
(kurteiss \ ferQ).
ferfta-maftr, m. traveller.
ferSar-broddr, m. van ( = farar-
broddr) ; -buinn, pp. ready for a jour-
ney, -leyfi, n. leave to travel.
ferftast (a8), v. refl. to travel.
fercSa-stafr, m. walking-staff, pil-
grim's staff.
ferc5ugr, a. ready (eigi var hann f.
at fara f)essa ferdj.
fer-elningr, m. a fish four ells long\
-falda (ac5), v. to make fourfold, mul-
tiply by four ; -faldr, a. fourfold ;
-foetingr, a quadruped', -fee ttr, a.
four-footed', -hyrndr, a. with four
corners, square.
fe-rikr, a. rich, wealthy.
ferill (dat. ferli), m. (i) track,
trace ; (2) vera ferli, to be on Hie
move, out of bed; (3) traveller (veg-,
Rom-ferill).
ferja (af5, old form farfta, farftr),
v. to ferry over a river or strait.
ferja, i. ferry-boat, large boat.
ferju-ar, {.ferryman's oar; -bui, ni.
one who lives near a ferry ; -karl, m.
ferryman, boatman ; -mac5r, m. =
-karl; -skattr, m. ferry toll; -skip,
n. = ferja ; -smicS, f. making- a ferja.
fer-liga, adv. monstrously, -lig-
leikr, m. monstrosity ; -ligr, a. mon-
strous, hideous ; -likan, n. monstrous
shape y monster; -liki, n. = -likan.
ferma (-da, -dr), v. to load, lade (f.
skip af e-u).
ferming, f. confirmation.
fernir (fernar, fern), a. distrib. (a
set of } four.
fer-skeyta, (-tta, -ttr), v. to square ;
-skeyttr, square; -strendr, a. four-
edged, four-sided ; -tugandi, a. for-
tieth; -tugfaldr, a. fortyfold; -tugr,
a. (i] forty years old; (2) measuring
forty (ells, fathoms, etc.); fertug drdpa,
a poem of forty verses ; -aertSr, a. four-
oared.
fe-samr, a. lucrative ; -satt, f. agree-
ment as to payment ; -sekr, a. fined t
sentenced to a fine ; -aekt, f. fine ;
-sinki, f. niggardliness ; -sinkr, a.
niggardly ; -sjoSr, m. bag of money ;
-sjukr, a. greedy of money ; -skafti,
m. loss in money ; -skipti, n. division
of property ; -skjalgr, a., feskjalg
augu, eyes squinting towards money ;
-skortr, m. shortness of money;
-skuld, f. money debt ; -skurSr, m.
detriment ; -skygn, a. covetous ;
-skylft, a. n., e-m er feskylft, one has
F&-SNAUDR
[136J
FIMTI
many expenses to defray ; -snauftr,
a. poor in money, penniless; -snikja,
-snikni, f. intruding as a parasite,
begging-, -snutSr, m. htcre; -sparr,
a. sparing, close-fisted', -spjoll, n. pi.
spells to get wealth.
festa (-sta, -str), v. (i) to make fast,
fasten (f. skip, bdt, hval) ; (2) to hang
up ( = f . upp) ; f. a galga, to hang on
the gallows ; f. ut til perris, to hang
out for drying', f. e-t vi5 e-t, to fasten
to a thing', (3) in various fig. phrases,
festa trunafl d e-t, to believe in ; f. hug
vi6 e-t, to fix the mind upon ; f. yndi,
to feel happy (in a place) ; f. e-t i
minni, to fix in the memory ; also
absol., f. kvasdi, to learn a poem by
heart ; (4) to settle, stipulate ; f. sdtt-
mal, to make a settled agreement ; f.
jdrn, to pledge oneself to the ordeal of
red-hot iron', (5) to betroth (f. e-m
dottur sina) ; (6) impers. to cleave,
stick fast (spjotit festi i skildinum) ;
eld festi r, the fire catches, takes hold;
bein (ace.) festir, the bone unites (after
a fracture) ; (7) refl., festast, to grow
to, stick fast to (nafnit festist vid
hann) ; bardagi festist, the battle closes
up fast.
festa, f. bail, pledge (svardagi ok f.).
festar-auga, f. loop or eye at the end
of a rope (festr) ; -endi, m. end of a
rope; -fe, n. dowry; -garmr, m.
chain-dog; -hald, n. holding the rope;
-hundr, m. = -garmr ; -hsBll, m. peg
fora rope; -kona, f. betrothed woman ;
-maftr, m. betrothed man ; -mal, n.
pi. betrothal, affiance ; -msar, f. =
-kona; -penningr, m. pledge, bail;
-vattr, m. a witness at a betrothal;
-vaetti, n. evidence to a betrothal;
-61, n. betrothal-ale.
fe-sterkr, a. wealthy, rich.
festi-liga, adv. firmly, violently.
festing, f. (i) fixing, fastening; (2)
firmament; festning, f., festningar-
hirninn, m. = festing 2.
festr (gen. festar, dat. and ace.
festi; pi. festar), f. (i) rope, cord,
cable (for mooring a ship to the shore) ;
(2) pi. betrothals (festar fara fram).
festu-matSr, m. bail, surety.
fe-saela, f. wealth ; -sell, a. wealthy;
-saett, f. an agreement as to payment
(of weregild) ; -sok, f. suit, action for
money.
fet, n. (i) pace, step; gan^a (stiga)
feti framarr,/ 1 *?^ a step forward; fara
fullum fetum, to go at full pace ; fetum
(dat.) as adv. at a pace ; (2) as a
measure, foot.
feta (fet, fat, ), v. (i) to step, find
one's way (f. Iei5, heim) ; (2) poet,
with in fin., hve ek yrkja fat, how I
managed to make my poem.
fe-taka, f. taking (receiving) money.
feti, m. blade of an axe.
fetill (dat. fetli ; pi. fetlar), m. strap
(of a shield or sword).
fe-vani, a. short of money ; -vdn, f.
expectancy of money ; -vsenliga, adv.
in a manner promising profit; -vaBn-
ligr, a. profitable ; -vaenn, a. = -vsen-
ligr; -voxtr, m. increase in one's pro-
perty, gain, profit.
feykja (-ta, -t), v. (i) to blow, toss
(f. e-u) ; (2) to rush (hann feykir inn \
husit).
feyburfi, a. in need of money.
fiftla, i, fiddle ; fiSlari, m. fiddler.
fictratSr, a. feathered (of arrows).
fitSri, n\. feathers, plumage.
fimbul-fambi, m. monstrous fool;
-IjocS, n. pi. mighty songs ; -tyr, m.
mighty god; -vetr, m. the great and
awful winter; -bulr, m. the mighty
sage or speaker.
fim-leikr, m. nimbleness, agility ;
-liga, adv. nimbly ; -ligr, a. nimble.
fimm, card. numb.yfo/<?.
fimr, a. nimble, agile (f. vi6 leika).
fimt, f. number of five.
fimtan, card. numb. fifteen.
finitandi, ord. numb, fifteenth.
fimtan-sessa, f. a ship with fifteen
rowers' benches.
fimtar-domr, m. the Fifth or High
Court (of law) in the Icelandic Com-
monwealth.
fimtardoms-ei&r, m. the oath to be
taken in the Fifth Court ; -log, n. pi.
the institution of the F. C.; -mal, n.
an action before the F. C. ; -stefna, f.
a citation before the F. C.
flint ar-tala, f. the number of five.
fimti, ord.
FIMTUQR
[137]
FITJA
fimtugr, a. (i) fifty years old; (2)
measuring fifty (ells, fathoms}.
fimtungr, m. the fifth part.
fingr (gen. fingrar or fingrs ; pi.
fingr), m. finger (fingr digrir) ; re*tta
e-m f., to point one's finger at.
fingr-brjotr, m. wrong move (in
chess) ; -gull, n. finger-ring of gold;
-mjor, a. thin-fingered.
fingrurjgr (-s, -ar), m. finger-ring.
finna (finn ; fann, fundum ; fund-
inn), v. (i) to find (J)a fundu fieir
Hjorleif dauSan) ; (2) to meet one (ok
vildi eigi f. Ha~kon konung) ; (3) to
visit, to interview (gakk bu at f. kon-
ung); (4) to find out, invent (runar
munt bu finna) ; (5) to discover (ok
fundu bar land mikit) ; (6) fig. to find,
perceive, notice, feel (fundu beir ba
brdtt, at); (7) f. e-m e-t, to find fault
with, blame (bat eitt finn ek Gunn-
laugi, at) ; (8) with preps., f. a e-t, to
come across, fall in with ( = hitta
e-t) ; impers., fann bat d, it could be
perceived; fann litt a honum, hvrt,
it was little to be seen whether, etc. ;
f. at e-u, to find fault with, censure,
blame; f. e-t til, to bring forward,
give as a reason (hvat finnr bii til
l>ess?) ; (9) refl., finnast til e-s, to be
pleased with; impers., fannst Grimi
fdtt til hans, Grim was little pleased
with him ; lata ser litit um finnast, to
pay little heed to, rather dislike ; Olvi
fannst mikit um hann, Olvir admired
him much.
Finna, f. Finn woman.
Finnar, m. pi. Finns (usually the
early non-Aryan inhabitants of Nor-
way and Sweden ; not identical with
the modern Lapps or Finns).
Finn-fertS, -for, f., -kaup, n. travel-
ling or trading with the Finns;
-galkn, n. fabulous monster; -kona,
f. = Finna; -land, n. Finland; -lend-
ingar, m. pi. the Finns ; -mork, f.
Finmark ; -skattr, m. tribute paid by
the Finns.
finnskr, a. Finnish.
firar, m. pi. poet, men, people.
firin-verk, n. pi. poet, abominations.
flrn, n. pi. abomination, monstrous
thing.
firna (atS), v. to blame, reproach (f.
e-n e-s, e-n um e-t).
firna-, gen. pi., used as an intensive
prefix with adjectives and nouns ;
-djarfr, a. "very daring; -frost, n.
awful frost; -fullr, a. awful; -harftr,
a. violent.
firr, adv. compar., first, adv. superl.,
see ' fjarri '.
firra (-6a, -t$r), v. (i) f. e-n augum,
to lose sight of; (2) to deprive one of
(f. e-n e-u) ; (3) to save, defend (f. e-n
amasli) ; (4) refl. to keep away from,
shun, avoid (firrast fund e-s).
firri, a. compar. farther off; f6 er
fjorvi firra, money is less dear than
life. Cf. 'fjarri'.
firring, f. shimning, removal.
fiska (atS), v. to fish ( fiskja).
fiska-kaup, n. purchase of (dried}
fish ; -stoft, f. fishing-place ; -stong,
f. = fiskistong ; -ver, n. = fiskiver.
fisk-bein, n. fish-bone ; -bleikr, a.
pale as fish ; -gengd, f. shoal offish ;
-hryggr, m. fish-spine.
fiski (gen. fiskjar), f. fisJiing ; roa,
fara til fiskjar, to go a-fishing.
fiski-batr, m. fishing-boat ; -fang,
n. catch of fish ; pi. (-fong), stores of
fish ; -gengd, f. shoal of fish ; -karl,
m. fisherman ; jsxxSLjs&* fishing- jacket \
-ligr, a. fit for fishing; -Icekr, m. a
brook full of fish, fish-brook ; -maftr,
m. fisherman.
fiskinn, a. good at fishing.
fiski-ro5r, m. rowing out for fish ;
-saga, i. fish-news; -skali, TS\. fisher-
man's hut; -skip, n. fishing-boat;
-stong, f. fishing-spear; -veiftr, f.
catching of fish ; -ver, n. fishing
place or station.
fiskja (-ta, -t), v. to fish ( fiska).
fiskr (-s, -ar), m. fish ; flatr f.,
heilagr \., flat-fish, halibut.
fisk-reki, m. ' fish-driver* (a kind of
whale).
fit (pi. fitjar), f. (i) webbed foot of
swimming birds ; flipper (of a seal) ;
(2) meadow-land on the banks of a
lake or river.
fita, f. fat, grease.
fitja (atS), v. to web, knit (hann Idt f.
saman fingrna).
FITJA-SKAMMR
[138]
FJAND-LIGR
fitja-skammr, a. having short flip-
pers (selr ekki fitjaskammr).
fitna (aft), v. to become fat.
fifil-bleikr, a. dandelion-yellow.
fifill, m. dandelion.
fifl, n.fool, clown, boor.
fifla, f. wanton girl, romp.
fifla (-da, -dr), v. to beguile, seduce ;
refl., fiflast, to act as seaucer.
fiflingar, m. pi. beguilement.
fifl-megir, m. pi. monsters, giants.
fiflska, f. foolishness, folly.
fiflskii-fullr, a. full of 'folly.
fifl-yrcSi., n. pi. foolish language.
fifrildi, n. butterfly.
fikjast (t), v. refl. to have an eager
desire (. t-\.,for a thing}.
fill (-s, -ar), m. elephant.
firm, a. _/??, smooth (rare).
fitons-andi, m. spirit of prophecy
heathen soothsaying. (From med. L.
P hit on for Python.}
fja^raftr, a. feathered ( fiSradr).
fja<5ra-spj6t, n. = fjaQr-spj6t.
fjatSr-broddr, m. point of a spear-
blade', -hamr, m. feather-coat', -lauss,
&.. feather less ; -sarr, a. 'feather-sore]
moulting', -spjot, n. a kind of spear.
fjala-bru, f. a bridge of planks
(fjol) ; -kottr, m. mouse-trap.
f jal-hcgg, n. chopping-block.
fjall, n. mountain, fell.
fjalla-dalr, m. dale, valley; -gol,
n. light breeze from the mountains ;
-syn, f. mountain-view.
f jail-berg, n. crag, precipice; -bygft,
f. district among fells', -dalr, m. dale
in the fells ; -fertS, f. mountain ex-
cursion ', -garcSr, m. range of moun-
tains ; -hagi, m. mountain pasture ;
-mac5r, m. a man searching the fells
for sheep ; -rapi, m. dwarf-birch.
fjalls-brun, f. brow (edge] of a
mountain ; -hli(5, f. mountain- side ;
-muli, m. a hill projecting between
two valleys.
fjall-stong, i.fellmarfs staff; -vegr,
m. mountain road; -vindr, m. wind
blowing from the mountains, opp. to
'hafvindr'.
fjara, f. (i) ebb-tide, ebb; (2} fore-
shore, beach (var pd skogr milli fjalls
ok fjoru).
fjara (a5), v. impers. to ebb; skip
(ace.) fjarar uppi, fjarar undan skipi,
the ship is left aground, or remains
high and dry.
fjar-borinn, pp. remotely related.
QarSa-gol, n. a breeze blowing out
of the firths.
fjaroar-botn, m. bottom or head of
a firth ; -horn, n. creek at the head of
a firth ; -iss, m. ice in a firth, land-
ice; -kjaptr, m., -mynni, n. mouth
of a firth.
fjarg, n. heathen god (poet.).
fjarg-hus, n. heathen temple.
fjar-kominn, pp. by no means en-
titled or obliged to (til e-s) ; -laegjast
(S), v. refl. to withdraw (recede] from;
-laegr, a. far off, distant.
fjarra-fleinn, m. landlouper (rare).
fjarri (firr, first), adv. (i) far off
(svd at f. flugu brotin) ; with dat. far
from (solu f.) ; standa f. e-m, to stand
far from one', compar., firr, farther
off; farit firr husi, keep off from the
house; allt er Ijorvi firr, life is the
nearest (dearest] thing; firr meirr,
farther aloof (bondamugrinn sat firr
meirr); (2) fig., taka e-u fjarri, to
take a thing coldly, show disinclina-
tion, refuse (Ormr tok pvi ekki f.) ; ok
er pat ekki f. hennar skapi, /'/ is not
far from her mind; f. ferr pvi, far
from it, by no means; nu s6 ek eigi,
at mer maetti firr urn fara en p^r, now
1 see not how I can fare worse than
thou; (3) far from, bereft of; f. fe6r-
munum, bereft of my patrimony.
fjarski, m.far distance ; vera (ligg-
ja) f fjarska, to be (lie] afar off.
fjar-stoec5r, a., far off; -stcett er um
afl vaYt, there is a great difference
between ottr strengths; -synis, adv.
at a great distance ; -toski, n. refusal
(hafa -tceki um e-t) ; -tok, n. pi. =
-tceki ; -vist, f. living far off.
fja (early form fia), v. to hate ; refl.,
fjdst e-n = fjd e-n.
f ja(5r, a. moneyed, rich (f. vel).
fjanda-kraptr, m. fiendish power.
fjandi (pi. fjandr), m. (i) enemy,
foe; gefat pinum fjandum fri3. give
no truce to thy foes ; (2) fiend, devil.
fjand-liga, adv. fiendishly; -ligr,
FJAND-MABR
[139]
FJUKA
a. fiendish', -ir>ao*r, m. foe-man ;
-mceli, n. pi. -words of a foe ; -semi,
f. enmity ; -skapaftr, a. hostile, ill-
disposed (vi9 e-n).
fjandskapar-fullr, a. full of hos-
tility ; -maftr, m. = fjandmaSr.
fjand-skapast (aft), v. refl. /0 .s^w
hostility towards (vi6 e-n, til e-s);
-skapr, m. hostility, enmity, hatred
(leggja -skap a e-n).
fjar-aflan, f. making money ; -afli,
m. property ; -aucSn, f. losing all one's
money ', -agirnd, -agirni, f. greed for
money ; -belt, f. pasture for sheep ;
-bon, f. asking for money ; -bur<5r,
m. bribery ; -drattr, m . making money ;
-eigandi, pr. p. wealthy (vel -eigandi) ;
-eign, f. wealth, property ; -eyftsla,
f. spending of money ; -ey<5sluma($r,
m. spendthrift ; -fang, n. booty, plun-
der (pi. -fong) ; -far, n. money affairs ;
-forracs n. administration (manage-
ment] of one's money ; -framlag, n.
laying out contributions of money ;
-fundr, m. 'find ' of money ; -fo&r,
n. -foefti, n. fodder for sheep ; -gjald,
n. payment; -gjof, f. gift of money;
-geymsla, -gaezla, f. tending of sheep
and cattle.
fjargsBzlu-ma(5r, m., -madr mikill, a
thrifty man.
fjarhaga-niaftr, m., godr (litill)
-maSr, a good (bad) manager.
fjar-hagr, m. (management of one's)
money matters', -hald, n. (l) with-
holding ones money; (2) adtninis-
tration of one^s money ; -heimta, f.
claim for money owing one ; -hirzla,
f.= fehirzla ; -hlutir, m. pl.= -munir ;
-kostnatSr, m. expenses ; -Ian, n. loan
of money ; -lat, n. loss of money ;
-leiga, f. rent; -missa, f. = -lat ;
-munir, m. pi. property, valuables ;
-nam, n. seizure of money, plunder ;
-orkumaftr, m. wealthy man ; -pynd,
f. extortion ; -ran, n. robbery; -reiSu
f. pi. money matters ; -rekstr, m. drove
of sheep ; -reyta, f. cheating, plunder ;
-sekt, f. fine in money; -sjoSr, m.
treasure ; -skaSi, m. loss in money ;
-skakki, m. unjust sharing ; -skipti,
n. division of property ; -sta(5r, m. a
(good or bad) investment; -starf, n.
management of one's money matters ;
-taka, f. seizure of money ; -tilkall,
n. claim for money ; -tillag, n. con-
tribution in money ; -tjon, n. loss of
money; -upptaka, f., -upptekt, f.
seizure of one" s property ; -utl at, n . pi .
outlay; -varSveizla, f. (i) adminis-
tration {management) of another's
property ; (2) = -geymsla ; -van, f. ex-
pectation of money ; -vercSr, a. valu-
able ; -viotaka, f. receipt of money ;
-Jmrfi, a. needing money ; -Jmrft, f.
need of money.
fjon, f. hatted; reka e-n fjonum, to
persecute ; vekja f., to stir up quarrels.
fjor-dagaftr, a. having lain four
days in the grave.
fjor(5unga-lok, n. the last quarter
of a verse ; -mot, n. pi. the borders of
the fjorSungar (3); -skipti, ^.division
into quarters.
fjortSungr (-3, -ar), m. (i) the fourth
part, quarter; f. rastar, a distance
of about a mile; (2) a weight = ten
pounds; (3) in Iceland, one of the
Quarters into which the whole land
was divided (AustfirSinga-, Vestfirfi-
inga-, NorSlendinga-, Sunnlendinga-
fjordungr).
fjor<5ungs-d6mr, m. Quarter (dis-
trict) court; -menn, m. pi. inhabitants
of a Quarter ; -umagi, m. a pauper
charged to a Quarter; -{>ing, n.
Quarter (district) assembly.
fjor-faldr, a. fourfold; -fcettr, a.
four-footed.
fjorir (fjorar, fjcgur), card. numb.
four ; fjogurra vegna, to the four car-
dinal points.
fjortan, card. numb, fourteen.
fjortandi, ord. numb, fourteenth.
fjortan-sessa, f. ship with fourteen
thwarts.
fjos, n. cow-house, byre ; vera i fjosi,
to attend to the cows ; -dyrr, f. pi.
door of a cow-house ; -gata, f. path
to a cow-house; -hlaSa, f. a barn
connected with a cow-house.
fjuk, n. drifting snow- storm.
fjuka (fyk ; fauk, fukum ; fokinn',
v. (i) to be drifted (tossed, blown) ty
the wind; tok j>d at f., it began to snow
and drift ; var fjukanda veSr, thefe
FJTJK-RENNINGR
[140]
FLAGNA
was a (drifting] snow-storm ; nu er
fokit i flest skjol, now most places of
shelter are snowed up ; no refuge is
left', (2) fig. to fly off (fauk af hof-
udiS) ; lata fjuka i kvedlingum, to let
satiric verses fly.
fjuk-renningr, m. drifting snow ;
-viftri, n. snow-storm.
fjoftr (gen. fjaftrar, pi. fjaftrar),
f. (i) feather, quill] draga f. um e-t,
to slur over a thing] (2) Jin or tail of
a fish ; (3) blade of a spear.
fjol (gen. fjalar, pi. fjalar, fjalir),
f. deal, board.
fjol-, used as a prefix, much, mani-
fold', -beiftni, f. hard begging, insist-
ance; -breytinn, a. changeable, whim-
sical; -bygftr, pp. thickly peopled.
fjold, f. multitude, great number,
much ; f. ek for, / have travelled far.
fjoldi, m. multitude; f. manna, skipa,
a great number of men, ships.
fjolga (aft), v. to make more nume-
rous ; impers., fjolgar e-t, and refl.,
fjolgast, to become numerous, increase
in number.
fjolgan. f. increase in number.
fjol-hcfftaftr, a. many-headed.
fjol-kunnigr, a. skilled in magic.
fjol-kyngi, f. the black art, witch-
craft, wizardry, sorcery.
fjolkyngis-folk, n. wizard-folk ;
-ibrott, f. magic art ; -kona, f. sor-
ceress, witch ; -veftr, n. gale produced
by sorcery.
fjollottr, a. mountainous.
fjol-lyndi. n. looseness, fickleness;
-lyndr, a. loose, fickle; -margr, a.
very many; -malugr, a. tattling;
-menna (-ta, -tr), v. (i) to make
numerous, increase in number ; (2) to
crowd, meet in crowds; -menni, n.
many people, crowd; -mennr, a.
numerous, with many people (ri6u
menn -mennir til bings) ; fjol-menn
veizla, a great banquet; kemr bar
-mennt, many people; -maeli, n. fi)
common talk (fara, fcera, i -maeli) ;
(2) slander; -ortSr, a. talkative; -raftr,
a. fickle, loose ; -roeSinn, a. = -ordr ;
-roeSr, a. much talked of; gerist (er)
-rcett um e-t, it is much talked of;
-skrutSigr, a. dressy; -skyld, f. im-
portant business ; -skylda, f., -skyldi,
n. much business, duties -skyldr, a.
important (-skylt embsetti).
fjor (dat. fjorvi), n. life ; eiga fotum
fjb'r at launa, to make the heels save
the head.
fjor-baugr, m. ' life-money?
fjorbaugs-garftr, m. the lesser out-
lawry ; -ma<5r, m. one sentenced to
this; -s 6k, f. a case involving this.
fjor-brot, n. pi. death-struggle (ligg-
ja, vera, i -brotum).
fjortSr (gen. fjarftar, dat. firtSi; pi.
firftir, ace. fjor^u), m. firth, inlet.
fjor-gjafi, in. one who saves ano therms
life.
Fjorgyn (gen. -jar), f. Mother-earth.
fjor-lag, n. death, slaughter (verda
e-m at -lagi) ; -lausn, f. (i) release
from life ; bola -lausn, to sitffer death ;
(2) ransom for one's life (^sir bjoSa
fyrir sik -lausn) ; -lostr, m. loss of
life, death; verSa e-m at -lesti, to
cause one's death \ -ratS, n. plotting
against one's life.
fjcrraSa-sok, f. a case 0/"fj6rrci5.
fj6rrac5s-mal, n. a suit for fjorraS.
fjor-segi, m. l life-muscle\ the heart;
-sjiikr, a. dangerously ill.
fjorsungr, m. a kind offish.
fjoru-grjot, n. the gravel (pebbles]
on the beach ; -mal, n. ( i ) low-water
mark, (2) foreshore, beach ; -steinn,
m. pebble.
fjotra (aft), v. to fetter; f. best, to
hobble a horse.
fjotra-brot, n. pi. fragments of a
fetter.
fjotrar-bora, -rauf, f. a hole in a
sledge through which the strap goes.
fjotur-lauss, a. unfettered.
fjoturr (gen. Ijoturs and fjotrar,
pi. fjotrar), m. (i) fetter, shackle
(setja e-n i fjotur) ; (2) the straps of a
sledge (sleSa-fjotrar).
flat5ra (aft), v. to fawn (f. at e-m).
flag-brjoska, n. cartilage of the
breastbone.
flagft, n. female monster, ogress,
giantess ; opt eru flogS i fogru skinni,
oft lurks a witch under a fair skin.
flagft-kona, f. ogress = trollkona.
flagna (aft), v. to flake (scale) off".
FLAG-SPILDA
[1411
FLEYGR
flag-spilda, f. slice cut.
flaka (-ta, -t), v. to gape, esp. of
wounds (f. sundr af sdrum).
flaki, m. wicker-work shield (for
defence in battle).
flakka (aft), v. to rove about (as a
beggar).
flakna (ao), v. to flake off, split.
flat-liga, adv. = flatt (fara -liga =
fara flatt, see 'flatr'); -nefr, ^.flat-
nosed (a nickname).
flatr, a. (i)flat, level (urn sletta dali
ok flata vollu) ; f. fr&x, flat fish, hali-
but ; (2) flat, prostrate (falla f., kasta
ser flotum ni6r) ; draga e-n flatan, to
drag one flat on the ground; (3) of
the flat side of a thing ; breg5a flotu
sverdinu, to turn the sword flat ; styra
a flatt skip e-s, to steer on the broad-
side of another's ship ; (4) neut. flatt,
as adv., fara f. fyrir e-m, to fare ill,
be worsted.
flat-saeng, f. bed made on the floor,
shakedown ; -vegr, n\.flat side (telgja
-veg d tr).
flaug, f. (\) flying, flight (taka flaug
sem fuglar) ; allt er d for ok flaugum,
in a commotion ; (2) vane.
flaugar-skegg, n. the tail of a vane.
flaug-trauftr, a. = flugtrauSr.
flaum-osi, a. rushing heedlessly on.
flaumr, m. eddy, violent stream.
flaum-slit, n. ^\. breach of friendship.
flaust, n. poet. ship.
fiautir, f. pi. a kind of whipped milk.
fla (flee ; flo, flogum ; fleginn), v.
(i) to flay (f. belg, huS af e-m) ; f. e-n
kvikan, to flay alive ; (i) to strip ;
f. e-n af or or klaeSum, to strip one of
his clothes ; f. e-n at gripum, to strip
one for his money.
fla (pi. flar), {.float of a net.
flar (fla, flatt), a. false, deceitful',
masla fagrt, en hyggja flatt, to speak
fair, but think false.
fla-raft, n. deceit, fraud', -raftr, a.
false, deceitful ; -raefti, n. = -raft.
fleinn (-s, -ar), m. (i ) pike ; (2) fluke
of an anchor (akkeris- fleinn) ; (3) dart,
shaft (fljugandi fleinn).
fleipa (atS), v. = fleipra.
fleipr, n. babble, tattle.
fleipra (at$), v. to babble, prattle.
fleiri, a. compar., flestr, a. superl.
( i ) more, most ; fleira 113, more troops ;
mun pat flestum manni ufcera pykkja,
it will seem impossible to most people ;
neut., fleira, flest, more, most things
(ekki sag<3i hann honum fleira ; flest
i >essu brefi) ; with gen., fleira manna,
more people (cfr. * margt manna ') ;
pi., hinir voru J)6 miklu fleiri, more
numerous; flestr allr (vel flestr), flestir
allir (vel flestir), almost all (flest allt
stormenni ; flest 611 hof); (2) more
communicative, hearty; hann gercHst
vi6 hann fleiri ok fleiri, more and more
intimate.
fleki, m. = flaki.
flekka (aft), v. to stain, polhtte.
flekk-laus3, a. unspotted, immacii"
late (fceddr af flekklausri mey).
flekk-ottr, a. flecked, spotted.
flekkr (-s, -ir), m. fleck, spot, stain.
flenging, f. scourging ( = hiiSstroka).
flengja (-da, -dr), v. to scourge.
flenna (-ta, -tr), v. to set wide open.
flenn-eygr, a. with distended eye-
lids, open-eyed.
flensa (ac5), v. to kiss (?).
flesk, fleski, n. pork, ham, or bacon.
fleski-sneitS, f. slice of bacon.
flestr, a. superl., see ' fleiri '.
flet (gen. pi. fletja), n. the raised
flooring along the side-walls of a hall
(to sit or lie on) together with the
benches thereon. Also in pi.
fletja (flet, flatta, flattr), v. to
( make flat', cut open (f. f>orsk) ; refl.,
fletjast, to stretch oneself, lie flat on
the ground.
flet-rotS, n. ' clearing the house'
fletta (-tta, -ttr), v. (i) to strip (f.
e-n klasSum or af klasSum) ; f. e-t af
e-m to strip (something) off one', (2)
to strip, plunder.
fletta (aft), v. to braid, plait.
fletta, f. = flettingr.
Getting, f. stripping, plunder.
flettingr, m. braid, plait.
fley, n. poet, a kind of swift ship.
fleygi-gaflak, n. javelin ; -kvittr,
m. loose rumour \ vagiie report.
fleygja (-fta, -ftr), v. (i) to make fly
(f. haukum) ; (2) to throw (f. e-u).
fleygr, a. able to fly.
FLEYMI
[142]
FLUGR
fleymi, n., fleymingr, m.jest, sport ;
hafa e-t i fleymingi, to make sport of.
fleyta (-tta, -ttr), v. (i) to set afloat,
launch (f. skipum) ; (2) to lift slightly
from the ground.
flikki, n. flitch of bacon.
flikkis-sneift, f. slice of bacon.
flim, n. lampoon, libel (in verse).
flim-beri, m. lampooner.
flimska, f. mockery.
flimta (at$), v. to lampoon, satirise.
flimtan, f. lampooning, satire.
flis (pi. -ir), f. splinter, chip.
fljoft, n. poet, woman.
fljot, n. (i) = flot (2) ; vera a" fljoti, to
be afloat ; (2) river, lake.
fljota (flyt ; flaut, flutum ; fiotinn),
v. (i) to float on the water (hann sd
bar f. langskip tjaldat) ; (2) to run,
stream ; (3) fig. to float about, spread
(of news); (4) to be flooded, to floiv
(flaut \ bl65i golf allt) ; flaut hann allr
i tdrum, he was bathed in tears.
fljot-leikr, n\.fleetness, speed; -liga,
adv. ( i ) speedily, (2) readily, promptly ;
-ligr, a. speedy.
fljotr, a. swift, speedy ; neut, fljott,
as adv. swiftly, quickly ; sem fljotast,
as soon as possible, at once.
fljot-tcekr, a. quick at apprehending
(-tcekr d e-t) ; -virki, f. quickness in
working', -virkr, a. quick in working.
fljuga (flyg ; flaug, flugum ; flcg-
inn), v. (i) to fly (for svd hart sem
fugl flygi) ; (2) fig. of weapons, sparks,
rumours, etc. (spjotit flaug yfir hann ;
gneistarnir flugu) ; (3) f. a" e-n, to fly
at or on one.
flog, n. flight, flying, = flug.
flogall, a. lively, brisk, volatile.
flokka-drattr, m. raising of bands.
flokkr (-s, -ar), m. (i) body of men
(f. eru fimm menn) ; (2) companv, host
(J)eir gengu allir i einum flokki) ; (3)
band, troop, party ; hefja, reisa, flokk,
to raise a band; fylla flokk e-s, to join
one's party, to side with one ; (4) short
poem, without refrains (opp. to ' drapa ').
flokks-foringi, -hcf(5ingi, m. cap-
tain, leader; -mat5r, m. a man be-
longing to a party (flokkr).
flokk-stjori, m. = flokksforingi.
flot, n. (\}fat y dripping (horn cooked
meat); (^floating; koma d f., to be
set afloat : vera d floti, to be afloat.
flota (atS), v. to float, lau?ich (f. e-u).
flota-holmr, m.. floating islet.
flot-brusi, m. floating jar, poet.
boat; -fundinn, ^. found afloat.
floti, m. (i) float, raft; (2) fleet.
flotna (atS), v. to get afloat; f. upp,
to float up, come to the surface.
flo (gen. floar; pi. floer), f. layer,
stratum.
flo (gen. floar ; pi. floer), f. a flea.
floa (atS), v. to flood, be flooded.
flotS, n. (i } flood, inundation, deluge ;
(2) flood, flood-tide; at fl66i, at fl66-
um, at high-water.
floi, m. (i) marshy moor; (2) bay,
large flrth.
floka-hetta, f . felt hood ; -olpa, f.
felt coat ; -stakkr, m. felt jacket ;
-trippi, n. a foal or young horse
with a matted coat.
floki, m. (i) matted hair or wool,
felt ; (2) cloudlet (skyfloki).
flokinn, a. entangled, matted.
flona (at5), v. to become warm.
florr, m. floor of a cow-house.
flotta-buinn, a. ready to flee ; -gjarn,
a. eager to flee, craven ; -maftr, m. one
who flees ; -menn, the flying host ;
-rekstr, m. pursuit of the fly ing host ;
-stigr, m.,path cf flight.
flotti, m. (il flight ; leggja a" flotta,
to take to flight ; stokkva e-m d flotta,
to put to flight; (2) reka flottann, to
pursue the flying host.
flug, n. (i) flight (= flugr) ; a" ferd
ok flugi, all in motion ; (2) precipice.
fluga (gen. pi. flugna), f. (i) fly;
(2) lure, bait', koma flugu i munn
e-m, to allure, entrap one ; gina (taka)
vi6 flugu, to s-ualiow the fly, to be
allured, entrapped.
fluga-bjarg, n., -hamarr, m. beetling
crag, precipice ; -straumr, m. violent
and rapid stream.
flugSi, a pret. of a lost verb flyggja,
hon flug6i oil, she shuddered all over.
flug-dreki, m. flying dragon ; -dyr,
n. flying insect ; -liga, adv. swiftly ;
-ormr, TS\. flying snake.
flugr (gen.-ar),m.(i)y?zv/(==flaug);
beina flug, to spread the wings for
FLUG-SJOR
[143J
flight '; (2) flight (=flotti); trauSr
flugar, slow to take to flight, bold.
flug-sjor, m. deep sea ; -skjotr, a.
very swift ; -stigr, m. steep path.
flugu-mat5r, m. hired bandit, assas-
sin ; -mannligr, a. having the look of
an assassin.
flug-vapn, n. javelin, dart.
flutning, f. (i) transport, carriage
of goods, conveyance of persons ; (2)
statement, report (cf. flutningr).
flutningar-matSr, m. one engaged in
conveying goods.
flutningr (-s, -ar), m. (i) = flutning
(i); (2)= flutning (2); (3) pleading
(f. mals).
flutnings-maSr, m. a spokesman,
pleader (-madr okkarr vi5 konung).
flutS, f. low skerry, reef flooded by
the sea (a flii6 e6a skeri).
flur, n. (i) flower ; (2) flour.
flyftra, {.flounder.
fly gill, m. flying apparatus.
flyka, f. phantom, ghost.
flykkjast (t), v. to crowd.
flysja (flusta), v. to split, cut in
slices (at flysja epli).
flytja (flyt, flutta, fiuttr), v. (i) to
carry, convey (f. voru til skips) ; (2) to
recite, deliver (f. or f. fram kvsecH) ;
f. mal e-s, to plead one's caicse, inter-
cede for one; f. (fram) sitt erendi, to
state one's errand; (3) to perform (f.
jdrnburd, skirslu) ; f. forn, to bring an
offering-, (4) refl., flytjast, to flit, re-
move.
flytjandi, (i ) pr. p., f. eyrir, movables,
chattels', (2) m. (pi. -endr), promoter,
pleader (f. mals).
flyja (fly; flyfta ; flyiftr, flyftr), v.
(i) to flee, take flight (f. a land upp) ;
f. undan e-m, to flee from one pur-
suing-, (2) with ace., f. land, to flee the
country ; uhcegt mun forlogin at f., it
will be hard to avoid what is fated.
flyta(-tta,-tt),/0 hast en(i. ferflinni) ;
f. ser, to speed oneself, make haste.
flytir (gen. -is), m. haste, speed.
flsema (-da, -dr), v. to drive away
ignominiously (f. e-n brott).
Flaemingi (pi. -jar), m. Fleming.
flaemska, f. Flemish (language).
flfflmskr, a. Flemish.
FOR-BERG
, {.falsehood, deceit.
flaerftar-fullr, a. deceitful ; -orfc, n.
pi. false (but fair) language ; -sam-
ligr, a. deceitful; -stafir, m. pi. false-
ness, deceit.
flfflrftari, m. impostor.
flsercS-lauss, a. sincere; at -lausu,
faithfully, honestly.
flaarftr, pp. adulterated, poisoned (f.
er drykkrinn).
flsBrtS-samligr, -samr, a. false, de-
ceitful ; -vitni, n. false witness.
floetSa (-ddi, -ddr), v. (i) to flood
over ; impers., pa floedir uppi, they are
overtaken by thefloodtide ; (2) impers.,
floeSir, the tide lises.
floetSar-bakki, m. a bank covered at
high-water; -mal, n. flood-mark;
-sker, n. a reef flooded at high-water ;
-urtS, f. rocks reached at high-water.
floefti-bakki, m. = flceSar-bakki ;
-sker, n. = floe6ar-sker.
floe^r (gen. -ar, ace. and dat. -i ; pi.
-ar), {.flood-tide.
flceja (floefta, flotSa; floeit, floit),
v. = flyja.
floekjast (t), v. refl. to be entangled;
f. fyrir e-m, to cross one's path, to be
constantly in one's way.
fleer, m. ivarmth, heat, = hiti.
flogra (aft), v. to flutter.
flokr, n. roaming about.
flokra (a(5), v. to roam about.
flokta (-kta, -kt), v. ( i ) to flutter and
fly about; (2) to roam, wander.
floktan, {.fluttering, roaming about.
fnasa (a(5), v. to snort with rage.
fnasan, f. sneezing, snorting.
fnysa, fnoesa (-ta, -t), v. to sneeze ;
{. eitri, to blow out poison.
fogl (-s, -ar), m. = fugl.
folald, n. young foal.
fold, f. earth ; foldu (dat.) on earth.
fold-vegr, m. = fold.
fora t$, m. (i) dangerous place or
situation , abyss, pit ; (2) ogre, monster
(pu ert et mesta f.).
foracSs-har, a. terribly tall ; -illr,
a. abominable ; -vetSr, n. abominable
weather.
foratta, f. pretext; finna e-t til
forattu, to plead as ones excuse.
for-beini, m.. furtherance; -berg, n.
FOR-BERGIS
[144]
FORN-FROBR
projecting rock ; -bergis, adv. down-
hill; -bocS, n. prohibition (leggja -bo6
d e-t) ; -bo(5a (aft), v. (i) to forbid
( = fyrirbj63a) ; (2; /<? put under an
interdict; -brekkis, adv. down-hill;
-brekkt, a. n. down-hill; -boenir, f.
pi. evil wishes, imprecations (bi6ja
e-m forboena).
for(5a (aft), v. (i) to put forth (forfl-
uflu fingrum); (2) /0 save; f. fjorvi,
Hfi, f. ser, to save one's life ; (3) refl.,
fordast, to shun, avoid, escape ; f. fund
e-s, to shun one.
forfti, m. help, aid.
forftum, adv. formerly ; f. daga, in
former days.
for-dyri, n. vestibule (= anddyri).
for-daefta, f. witch, sorceress.
fordasftu-maftr, m. wizard, sorcerer ;
-skapr, m. witchcraft, sorcery ; -verk,
n. execrable deed.
for-doema (-da, -dr), v. to condemn.
for-dosmi, n., -dooming, f. con-
demnation.
for-ellrar, m. pi. forefathers, ances-
tors ; -ellri, n. coll. = forellrar (ulikir
sinu forellri).
forellris-menn, m. pi. = forellrar.
for-faftir, m. (I ) forefather ; (2) pre-
decessor; -fall, n. hindrance, draw-
back ; -flotti, a. e*iled,fugitive ; verSa
-flotti fyrir e-m, to flee before one ;
-ganga, f., -gangr, m. ' going before]
help, support.
forgangs-maftr, m. leader, guide.
for-garftr, m..fore-court (of a house) ;
vera d. -gorQum, to be wasted and
squandered, of stores ; -gipt, f. pay-
ment for alimentation ; -gisl, m. hos-
tage ; -gisla (aft), v. to give (a person]
as hostage.
forgongu-maftr, m. leader = for-
gangsmaSr.
for-hleypi, n.; hafa e-n at -hleypi,
to use one as a cat' 's paw.
for hleypi g-maftr, m. = forhleypi.
for-hugaftr, pp. premeditated, afore-
thought ; -hugs an, f. design, purpose.
for-hus, n. porch.
foringi (pi. -jar), m. leader.
forka (aft), v. to punt (a ship}.
for-kast, n. fodder (hay] tJirown
before cattle ; -kirkja, f. church-porch ;
-kostuliga, adv. very finely ; -kolfr,
m. leader, chief.
forkr (-a, -ar), m. pole, staff, stick.
for-ku<5r (gen. -kunnar), f. eager
desire ; e-m er -ku6r a" e-u, one desires
eagerly ; gen., forkunnar, remarkably,
exceedingly (-kunnar vasnn, mikill) ;
-kunn(ar)liga, adv. (i) fervently
(biSja forkunnliga) ; (2) exceedingly
(forkunnliga friSr) ; -kunnligr, a. ex-
cellent.
forlag, n. ( i ) provision for living,
means of subsistence ; (2) settlement
(in life, by marriage] ; (3) pi. forlog,
fate, destiny.
for-lag<5r, pp. done with, forlorn ;
-lendi, n. the land between sea and
hills ; -Ijotr, a. exceedingly ugly ;
-lyta (-tta, -ttr), v. to blame.
for-log, n. pi., see ' forlag '.
form, n. form, shape (rare).
for-maftr, m. leader, chief; -ma5r
konunga, the foremost among kings ;
-mannligr, a. leader-like ; -mail, m.
(1) preamble; (2) stipulation (me3
pvilikum formala, sem) ; (3) foreword;
(^prayer; -menntr, pp. well trained,
highly skilled; -rnessa, f. matins ;
-mikill, a. exceedingly great ; -mael-
andi (pi. -endr), m., -msBlari, m.
spokesman; -maeli, n. (i] pleading;
veita e-m formasli, to plead for one,
pray for one ; (2) prescribed form,
formula.
forn, a. (i) old (f. vina'tta, f. mjo6r);
(2) ancient; fornir menn, the men of
old; f. siSr, the old (heathen] custom,
religioti ; f. atrunadr, the old creed,
heathenism ; f. i skapi, inclined to old,
or heathen, ways; hann var f. mjok,
he was a great wizard; at fornu, til
forna, former ~ly ; in times past.
fornatSr, m., see ' fornafir '.
for-nafn, n. pronoun.
for-nam, n. obstacle, hold-fast.
forneskja, f. (i) old times; (2)
heathenism ; (3) old lore, witchcraft
(fara med forneskju).
forneskju-klaeftabunaftr, m. old-
fashioned apparel; -matSr, m. sor-
cerer, wizard.
forn-fdguligr, a. old and worn-out ;
-fr6(5r, a. skilled in old lore, versed
FORN-FRCEBI
[145]
F6LK
in witchcraft ; -froetSi, f. ancient lore,
witchcraft.
forn-konungr, m. ancient king',
-kvetSinn, pp. said of old; hit -kveSna,
the old saw ; -kvaetSi, n. old poem ;
-ligr, a. old-looking, old-fashioned;
fornlig frasdi, old lore ; -matSr, m.,
man of the olden time ; -mseli, n. old
saw ; -mseltr, pp. = -kvedinn ; -ortSr,
a. swearing; -saga, f. old (mythical)
tale; -skald, n. ancient scald; -spjoll,
n. pi. old lore ; -spurcSr, pp., gera e-n
fornspurdan at e-u, to do a thing
without asking one's leave ; -titSindi,
n. pi. old tales ; -vinr, m. old friend ;
yrtSi, n. old saw.
for-racS, n. (i) management, siiperin-
tendence; (2) administration, guar-
dianship ; -racSandi (pi. -endrj, m.
overseer, manager.
forracSa-matSr, forrafts-matSr, m.
manager, head man ; -madr . skipi,
captain of a ship.
for-rikr, a. exceedingly rich.
for-rasfti, n. = for-rad.
fors, n. vehemence, wrath.
fors (pi. -ar), m. waterfall.
for-sat, f. ambush ; -senda, f., -send-
ing, f. dangerous mission.
fors-fall, n. torrent.
fors-fullr, a. wrathful, vehement.
for-sja or -sjo, {.foresight, prevision.
forsja-lauss, a. (i) improvident; (2)
helpless ; -ley si, n. want of foresight ;
-liga, adv. with foresight, prudently ;
ligr, a. prudent.
for-sjall, a. prudent, foresighted.
forsja-matSr, m. overseer, manager.
for-skali, m. ante-chamber, entrance-
hall; -skepti, n. handle of a hammer
or axe; -skop, n. pi. ill fate; -sma
(-sinai, -smatSa, -smaftr), v. to de-
spise ; -srnan, f. disgrace ; -smiftr,
m. master-smith ; -spa, f. prophecy ;
-spar, a. foreseeing, prophesying;
-spell, n. heavy loss; -stafta, f.
shielding, protection ; maela e-m for-
stoSu (viS e-n), to say a good word
for one; -stjori, m. overseer, leader;
stjorn, f. rule, management.
forstjornar-maftr, m. manager.
for-stotS, f. = -staQa ; -stofa, f. =
-skali ; -st6rr, a. exceeding tall;
-streymis, adv. down stream, opp.
to ' andstreymis ' ; -syn, {.foreboding;
-synn, a. (i) foresighted; (2) second-
sighted; -saeti, n. front bench ; -soela,
f. shade (from the sun) ; -sogn, f. (i)
prophecy; (2) superintendence; (3)
dictation, instruction (eptir hinna
vitrustu manna forsogn).
for-taka, v. to deny ; fortaks-orS, n.
word of contradiction.
for-tjald, n. curtain, bed-curtain ;
-tolur, f.- pi. persuasion(s)) represen-
tations; -vatSi, m. a ford before a
projecting cliff; -veftjatSr, pp. for-
feited; -verari, m. forebear, prede-
cessor; -verk, n. (ij work done in
another's service ; (2) harvest of hay ;
(3) hireling's work ; gera ekki for-
verkum vid e-n, not to treat one
meanly.
forverks-litill, a. able to do but little
forverk ; -matSr, m. able workman.
for-vitSa, a. indecl. overcome in a
fight; -vitSris, -vindis, adv. before
the wind; -virki, n. = -verk (i);
-vist, f., -vista, f. management;
-vitinn, a. curious ; -vitna (aft), v.
to pry into, enquire about (forvitna
e-t or urn e-t) ; refL, forvitnast e-t,
um e-t, til e-s, to enquire about;
impers., e-n forvitnar e-t, one is
curious to know ; -vitni, f. curio-
sity ; -vitri, a. very wise ; -yflast
(d), v. refl. to shrink from (e-s) ;
-ynja, f. appearance, foreboding;
-ysta, f. headship, leadership.
forystu-geldingr, m. = -saufir ;
-lauss, a. unprotected; -sautSr, m.
bell-wether.
for-pokki, m., -pykkja, f. dislike.
foss (pi. -ar), m. waterfall; = fors.
foa, f. she-fox.
foarn, n. gizzard.
fotSr, n. fodder, foddering.
foftra (atS), (i) to fodder, feed} (2)
to fur or line (a garment).
fbtSr-lauss, a. (i) fodder I ess ; (2)
unlined.
fol, n., foli, m.fool.
folk, n. (i) folk, people; (2) the
people of a household ; (3) kinsfolk ;
(4) host; (5) battle (poet.).
ICE! DICT.
FOLK-DR6TT
[146]
FRAM
folk-drott, f. = folk (4) ; -orrusta,
f. battle of hosts, great battle.
folks-jaftarr, m. chief, lord.
folk-skar, a. destructive to men ;
-stjori, -valdi, m. captain ; -vapn,
n. pi. weapons ; -vig, n. great battle,
'war ; -vorftr, m. chief, captain.
folska, {.foolishness, jolly.
folskr, a. foolish.
folsku-fertS, f. foolish expedition ;
-ortS, n. pi. foolish words ; -verk, n.
foolish (mad) act.
forn (pi. -ir), f. (i) gift; (2) offering.
forna (atS), v. (i) to offer as a present
(f. e-m e-t) ; (2) to offer, bring as an
ojfering\\.Q God).
fornaor, m., at fornaSi, furthermore,
in addition, to boot.
forn-fcera (-t$a, -t$r), v. to bring an
offering(k.Q\\\mgr fornfcerSi goSunum) ;
-foering, f. offering.
fost-broftir, m. (i) foster- brother;
(2) sworn brother ( = e5Sbr65ir).
fostbro3<5ra-lag, n. (i ) foster-brother-
hood; (2) sworn brotherhood (sverjast
i fostbrceSra-lag).
fostr, n. ( i) the fostering (of a child) ;
(2) maintenance.
fostra (aft), v. to bring up as a
foster-child, be a foster-father to.
fostra, f. (i) foster-mother; (2)
foster-daughter.
fostr-dottir, f . foster-daughter.
fostr-fatJir, m. foster-father.
fostri, m. (i) foster-father; (2)
foster-son ; (-^foster-brother ; (4) pi.,
f ostrar, foster-father and foster-son.
fostr-jortS, f., -land, n. native
country ; -latin, n. pi. reward for
fostering; -man,n. nurse (bondmaid};
-motSir, m. foster-mother ; -maer, f .
foster-daughter; -neyti, n. foster-
parents ; -sonr, m. foster-son ; -systir,
{.foster-sister; -systkin, n. ^\.foster-
brother(s) and sister(s).
fota-afl, n. strength of the feet;
-brik, {.footboard (of a bed) ; -burtSr,
m. gait; -festi, {.foot-hold; -fjol,
{.foot-board; -gangr, m. trampling,
din ; -hlutr, m. the nether part of the
body ; -Iceti, n. pi. kicking (of one
hanged).
fotar-mein, n. sore leg; -sar, n.
a wound in the foot ; -verkr, m. pain
in the leg (foot).
fota-spyrning, f. spurning with the.
feet ; -stapp, n. stamping with the
feet; -bill, n. = -brik; -}>vattr, \^\. foot-
washing.
fot-bor<$, n. foot-board; -brot, n.
fracture of the leg; -brotinn, pp.
broken-legged ; -fimr, a. nimble'
footed; -gangandi, pr. p. walking,
going on foot.
fotgongu-herr, m., -lift, n. host Oj
footmen ; -matSr, m. a man on foot,
footman, foot-soldier.
fot-har, a. long-legged (=\i.-{ctt.r}'.
-hrmnr, a. weak-footed; -hvatr, a,
swift- footed; -hogg, n. hewing one'*
feet off; -hoggva (see hoggva), v. tc
hew one's feet off; -lami, a. lame Cj
foot; -langr, a. long-legged', -laug, f
foot-bath ; -lauss, a. footless ; -lagr
a. low-legged, short-legged; -leggr
m. the leg ; -mal, n. step ; -mikill, a
big-footed; -nrjukr, a. nimble-footed
-pallr, m. footstool.
fotr (gen. fotar, dat. foeti ; pi. foetr)
m. (i) foot, foot and leg; sprettc
(st0kkva) d foetr, to start to ones feet
vera . fotum, to be out of bed, be up
skjota fotum undir sik, taka til fota
to take to one's heels ; eiga fotum fjo:
at launa, to save one's li/e by running
away ; hlaupa sem foetr toga, to rut
as fast as feet can carry; kominn a
fotum fram, off one's feet, decrepit
hverr foetr o'Srum, one after tfa
other; (2) foot (as a measure).
fot-sarr, a. foot-sore ; -siftr, a. reach
ing down to the feet ; -skemill, m
footstool ; -skrifta, f. sliding ; renn;
-skridu, to slide on the ice ; -skor, f
footboard; -spor, n. foot-print (stig;
\ e-s fot-spor) ; -stailr, m. pedestal
-stirftr, a. stiff-legged; -trotS, n
trampling under feet ; -trotSa (sei
trofta), v. to trample under one's feet
tread upon ; -veill, a. with a bad leg
frakka, f. spear, lance (rare).
Frakka-konungr, m. the king o
the Franks.
Frakkar, m. pi. the Franks.
fram, adv. (i) forward; hann fe"ll i
d fcetr konungi, he fell forward on hi.
FRAMA
[147]
FRAM-KV-ffiMA
face at the king's feet ; f. r&t, straight
on ; koma f., to reappear ; (2) out of
the house; opp. to 'inn, innarr' (var
hon aValt borin f. ok innarr) ; (3) on
the fore part, in front, opp. to 'aptr'
(maflr f., en dyr aptr) ; aptr ok i.,fore
and aft, of a ship ; (4) joined with
preps, and particles, bi6a f. d. dag, f.
a nott, to wait far into the day, or
night\ bi'Qa f. um jol, to wait till
after Yule ; fyrir log f. in spite of the
law, f. undan eyjunni, off the island;
(5) of time, hversu er f. orSit, how
late is it, what time is it? f. ordit
dags, late in the day.
frama (at)), v. to further ; f. sik, to
distinguish oneself; of a woman, in
pp. neut., med barni ok mjok framat,
and far advanced.
frama-fert5, f. famous enterprise;
-leysi, n. obscurity.
framan, adv. (i) from (on) the front
side; f. at borflinu, to the front of the
table ; f. d (skipinu), on the fore part
(of the ship) ; a stdlhufuna f., on the
front of the steel cap ; (2) fyrir f.,
before, in the front of, with ace. (fyrir
f. sldna) ; (3) f. til (= fram til), up to,
until; nu lidr til pings f., it drew
near to the time of assembly.
framandi, pr. p. distinguished^ of
distinction (f. menn).
framan-vatr, a. wet on the fore-
side ; -ver (5r, a. lying forward, fore-
most; & -verdri brekkunni,0/z the front
of the slope ; i -vert nefit, on the tip of
the nose.
frama-raun, f. trial of fame.
framar-la, -liga, adv. (i) in a for-
ward position, near the front; (2)
fully, highly, much.
framarr, adv. compar., framast,
adv. superl. (= fremr, fremst), (i)
farther (farthest] on ; feti framarr,
a step farther on; (2) more, most
(mun pin leitat ver5a her framarr
en hvar annars stadar) ; miklu er sjd
framarr (more prominent, superior)
at hvivetna ; pvi framarr sem, all the
more as ; konungr virSi hann framast
allra sona sinna, most of all his sons.
frama-skortr, m. lack of courage ;
-verk, n. exploit, feat.
fram-boSligr, a. that can be offered;
-bogr, m. shoulder (of an animal);
-bryggja, f. the gangway leading to
the bow of a ship ; -burtSr, m. delivery
(of a speech) ; -biift, f., vera til litillar
-biifiar, to be of little lasting use;
-byggjar, -byggvar, m. pi. the men
stationed in the bow of a warship
(opp. to 'aptrbyggjar').
framdrattar-samr, a. putting one-
self forward.
fram-drattr, m. (i) launching
(-drdttr skips) ; (2) support, main-
tenance ; -eggjan, f. egging on ; -fall,
n. (i) falling on one's face ; (2) down-
fall; (-fall drinnar) ; -farinn, pp. de-
parted; -fertS, f. (course of) procedure ;
-ferfti, n. (i) = -fer3; (2) conduct;
-flutning, f. (i) maintenance, sup-
Port ; (2) pronunciation ; -flutningr,
m. (i)= -flutning (i) : (2) pleading;
-fotr, m. fore-leg; -fuss, a. eager,
willing ; -foeri, n. furtherance ;
-fcerinn, a. putting oneself forward ;
-fcersla, f. support, maintenance.
framfoerslu-kerling, f. old pauper
woman ; -matSr, m. pauper.
fram-for, f. (i) advancing; (2)
death ; -ganga, f. (i) advancing; (2)
boldness, courage ; -gangr, m. ( i ) ad-
vancing in battle; (2) success; (3) =
-ganga (2) ; -genginn, pp. departed,
deceased; -gengt, a. n. brought about,
successful; ver5a -gengt, to succeed;
-girnd, f., -girni, f. forwardness;
-gjarn, a. striving forward, eager.
framgongu-matSr, m. valiant man.
fram-heit, n. pi. fair promises for
the future; -hleypi, r\. forwardness,
rashness; -hleypiligr,3i.ras/i', -hlutr,
m. fore part ; -hus, n. porch, entry ;
-hvass, a. forward, bold ; -hvot, f.
encouragement.
frami, m. ( i ) boldness, courage ; (2)
luck ; freista sins frama, to try one's
luck; (3) distinction, fame (vinna s6r
frama) ; (4) profit (masla e-t i sinn
frama).
fram-jatan, f. promise ; -kast, n.
forecast, empty words; -kirkja, f.
nave, opp. to 'songhus', choir, chan-
cel ; -krokar, m. pi. exertion ; leggja i
-kroka, to exert oneself; -kvaema (-da,
FBAM-KV^MD
[148]
FREGWA
) t v. to fulfil, bring about '; -kvaemd,
f. fulfilment, success, prowess.
framkvaemdar-lauss, a. unavailing,
useless ; -leysi, n. inaction ; -ma$r,
m. enterprising man ; -mikill, -samr,
a. enterprising.
fram-kvaBmr, a. efficacious.
f ram-lag, n. outlay, contribution ;
-laga, f. advancing (with the ships in
battle) ; -lei(5is, adv. fiirther, next ;
-leiftsla, f. conduct (-leidsla hans
lifdaga) ; -liftinn, pp. departed, de-
ceased ; -ligr, a. excellent : framligr
madr, _/<? ?;m ; -lundaSr, a. &?/V/,
courageous ; -lutr, a. (i) bending for-
ward', (2} prone (til e-s) ; -lyndr, a.
= -Iunda6r.
frammi, adv. (i) out, away out;
J)eir Leifr sitja f. i husum, near the
outer door; standa f. fyrir e-m, to
stand before one's face ; (2) hafa e-t
f. or i f., to make ^tse of, employ ; hafa
kugan i f . vi$ e-n, to try to browbeat one.
fram-mynntr, a. with prominetit
mouth (mjok eygSr ok f.).
framr (compar. framarri, fremri ;
superl. framastr, fremstr), a. (i)
forward, prominent; neut., framt, to
such an extent ; treysta framt d, to
pit t full trust in; compar. the fore-
most of two ; til hins fremra austr-
rums, to the fore pumping-room ; hit
fremra, the place nearest the door, the
road along the coast (foru sumir hit
f. til Seljalandsmula) ; (2) fig., fremri
e-m, superior to (ollum fremri) ;
superl. foremost, best (fremstr at allri
scemd) ; furthest back (hvat J)u fremst
um veizt).
fram-ras, f. course ; -rei(5, f. riding
on; -reitir, m. pi. ' the fore-beds* (in
a garden) ; fig., hafa e-t a -reitum,
to display, make a show of; -saga, f.
delivery (-saga sakar) ; -snocSinn, a.
bald on the forehead; -sokn, {.further
prosecution of a case (-sokn sakar) ;
-stafn, m. stem, prow; -syn, {.fore-
sight ; -syni, f. fore-sightedness ;
-syniligr, a. foreseeing; -synn, a.
foreseeing, prophetic; -scgn, f. state-
ment; -vegis, adv. further, for the
future ; -visi, f. prophetic spirit ;
-visa, a. prophetic, foreseeing.
frauft, n. froth (=fro5a).
fra, prep, with dat. (i) from (gangs
f. logbergi) ; skamt f. anni, a shon
distance from the river; (2) away
from (nokkut f. oSrum monnum) ; (3
of time, allt f. eldin^u, all along fron
daybreak ; dag f. degi, one day aftei
another; (4) from among, beyond
gera sik auSkendan f. odrum monn-
um, to make oneself conspicuous
(5) against; frd likindum, against
likelihood ; (6) of, about ; er mer sva
f. sagt konungi, / am told so aboui
the king; (7) as adv. away; hverfa
f., to turn away ; til ok f., to and fro :
heSan i f., hence, henceforth ; J)ar ut i
frd., secondly, next.
fra-baeriligr, -baBrr, a. surpassing'.
-drattr, m. diminution ; -fall, n. ( I j
falling off, receding (-fall sjofarins) ;
(2) decease, death ; -fertS, f. departure.
frag0rtSa- 9 gen. pi. from ' frag0r5ir ' ;
-licS, n. choice troops; -mac5r, m. re-
markable man ; -mikill, a. exceeding
great (fjoturr f.).
fra-gprtSir, f. pi. surpassing feats ;
var J)at at -g0r5um, it was extra-
ordinary ; -laga, f. retreat (in a sea-
fight ; cf. leggja frd) ; -lauss, a./m?,
clear (from a matter).
fra-leikr, m. swiftness, briskness.
fra-ligr, a. quick, swift.
fran-eygr, a. with flashing eyes.
frann, a. gleaming, flashing (of ser-
pents and weapons).
frar (frari, frastr), a. swift, light-
footed (frar a foeti).
fra-saga, f. account, narrative.
frasagnar-vertSr, a. worth relating.
fra-skila, a. indecl. separated, iso-
lated (-skila e-m) ; -skilliga, adv.
out of the way, far off; -skilligr, a.
= -skila ; -skilnatSr, m. separation.
fra-scgn, f. (i) the act of relating;
(2) = fra-saga.
frasogu-ligr, a. worth relating,
interesting.
fra-vera, -vist, f. absence.
fregn (pi. -ir), m. news, intelli-
gence, information.
fregna (fregn ; frd, fragum ; freg-
inn), v. (i) to hear of, be informed
0/"(f>randr frd andlat fb'Qur sins) ; (2)
FREGNA
[149]
FRIBAR-G0RB
to ask (f. e-n e-s) ; f. e-n ra5s, to ask
one's advice.
fregna (-da or -aft), v. = prec.
freista (aft), v. (i) to tempt, make
trial of, with gen. ; (2) to try ; f. i-
brottar, to try a feat ; f. sin i moti
e-m, to try one's strength against
another ; with infin., f. at renna skeiS,
to try to run a race.
freistan, freisting, f. temptation.
freistinn, a. daring, trying.
freistni, f. (i) temptation', (2) trial.
freka, f. rigour, severity, harshness ;
med freku, harshly.
frek-efldr, pp. forcible.
freki, m. wolf (poet.).
frekja, f. = freka.
frek-liga, adv. harshly, immoder-
ately ; -ligr, a. harsh, severe.
freknottr, z..freckly.
frekr, a. ( I ) greedy (f . til f ja>), eager ;
(2) harsh, rigorous (frek log) ; nu
skal ek vera y6r f. harSsteinn, a rough
whetstone.
frelsa (-ta, -tr), v. (i) to free, de-
liver, rescue (f. landit af hernafii) ;
(2) f. e-m e-t, to rescue (secure] a
thing for one (til at f. honum sma
foQurleifd) ; (3) refl., frelsast, to save
oneself, escape.
frels-borinn, pp.= frjdlsborinn.
frelsi, n. (i) freedom ; (2) leisure-,
($] privilege, immunity (f. kirkjunnar).
frelsingi (-ja, -jar), m.freedman.
frelsis-gj of, f. gift of freedom (to a
bondsman).
fremd, {.furtherance, honour.
fremdar-ferft, f. glorious journey ;
-lauss, a. inglorious', -verk, n.feat.
frerni, adv. only in the phrase, svd
f., so far ; esp., sva f. er, not until,
not before, only when ; seg bii svd f.
frd bvi, er bessi dagr er allr, wait till
this day is past before you speak of
that ; sv f. ef, in case that.
fremja (frem, framda, framiftr
and framdr), v. Ci) to further, pro-
mote (f. kristni) ; f. sik, to distinguish
oneself', (2) to perform, practise ; f.
heidni, to practise heathen worship ;
f. sund, to swim ; (3) refl., fremjast,
to gain distinction.
fremr, adv. compar., fremst, adv.
superl. more, most (= framarr, fram-
ast) ; beir er fremst voru, those who
were foremost.
fremri, a. compar., fremstr, a.
superl., see ' framr '.
frer or fr0r, n. frost, frosty soil', f.
var hart uti, // was hard frost ; esp.
pi., bifla fr0ra, to wait for frost ;
-manat5r,rn./>w/-;0//j (December).
frerinn, yp. frozen (f. skor).
fress (pi. -ar), m. (i) tom-cat (tvg&t\&\
fressa, Freyja) ; (2) bear.
frest, n. delay, respite ; a" viku fresti,
at the end of a week ; also pi., bott
fresttn vaeri long, although the delay
was long ; Ijd e-m f resta, to give one
respite ; selja &i.,to sell on credit.
fressa (at$), v. to defer, put off, with
dat. (f. bruSlaupi) ; absol. to tarry.
frestan, f. delaying, delay.
freta (fret, frat, and at5j, v. to break
wind (freta viS).
fret-karl, m. contemptible fellow.
fretr, m. fart ; reka fret, to break
wind.
fr6tt (pi. -ir), f. (i) news, intelli-
gence ; (2) enquiry about the future
(ganga til frettar vi5 e-n).
fretta (-tta, -ttr), v. (i) to hear, get
intelligence', (2) to ask, enquire (f.
e-n e-s or at e-u) ; f. tiSenda, to ask
for news ; f. e-n upp, to find one out ;
(3) refl. to get about, be reported (betta
frettist um heraSit) ; frettist alls ekki
til hans, nothing was heard of him ;
frettist mdr sva til, I am told', frettust
beir tiSenda, they asked each other for
news ; frettast fyrir, to enquire.
fr^ttinn, a. eager for news, inquisi-
tive (um e-t, about a thing}.
freytSa (dda, -tt), v. to froth.
freyja, f. lady ; the goddess Freyja.
freyr (gen. freys), m. (i) lord', (2)
the god Frev.
Freys-gotSi, m. priest of Frey.
friSa (a(S), v. to pacify, restore to
peace (f. riki sitt) ; f. fyrir e-m, to
make peace for, intercede for one (vi5
e-n, with another] \ refl., fridast vid
e-n, to reconcile oneself to another.
friftan, f. pacifying.
fr.(5ar-bref, f. letter of peace ;
-fundr, m. peaceful meeting', -g0rtS,
FRIBAR-KOSS
[150]
FRJ6A
f. conclusion of peace, truce, treaty;
-koss, m. kiss of peace ; -mark, n.
token of peace ; -maftr, m. = fri3ma5r ;
-stefha, f. peace meeting; -takn, n.=
fri6ar-mark.
fri(5-benda (-da, -dr), v. to fasten
the sword in the sheath with friQbond ;
-bbt,{. peace-making; -brot, n. breach
of peace.
fritSbrots-matSr, m. peace-breaker.
frift-bond, n. pi. "peace-bonds'
(straps wound round the sheath and
fastened to a ring in the hilt) ; spretta
-bondum, to undo the peace-straps
(before drawing the sword) ; -gjafi,
m. peace-maker ; -gjarn, a. peaceful ;
-gaelur, f. pi. enticements to peace
(bera -gaelur a e-n) ; -g0r$, f. = fri5ar-
g0r3 ; -heilagr, a. inviolate ; -helga
(at5), v. to make inviolate ; -helgr
(gen. -helgar), f. inviolability ', protec-
tion by law.
friSill, m. lover.
friS-kastali, m. asylum ; -kaup, n.
purchase of peace.
friftla or frilla, f. a marts mistress
or concubine (friSlur attu J>eir brceSr).
fritS-land, n. friendly country, place
of retreat ; -lausa, a. outlawed, pro-
scribed ; -leysi, n. insecurity ; -liga,
adv. peacefully ; -ligr, a. peace/id,
peaceable.
fritSlu-, frillu-borinn, pp. bastard-
born ; -lifnatSr, m., -lifi, n. fornica-
tion, whoredom ; -matSr, m. adulterer;
-sonr, m. illegitimate son ; -tak, n.
in the phrase, taka -taki, to take as
concubine.
frift-matSr, m. peaceful man, friend;
-mark, n. token of peace; -mal, n.
words of peace ; bera -mdl milli manna,
to act as peace-maker ; -mcelast (t),
v. refl. to sue for peace (ekki mun nu
tja at friflmaelast).
fritSr (gen. friftar), m. (i) peace,
personal security ; bi6ja e-n friQar, to
sue for peace ; (2) love, friendship ;
f rid at kaupa, to purchase (thy) love.
frift-samligr, a. peaceable ; -samr,
a. peacejul ; -semd, -semi, f. peace-
fulness ; -skjoldr, m. truce-shield;
bregfia upp -skildi, to lift the shield
of truce ; -spilli, n. breach of peace ;
-sta5r, m. sanctuary in a temple,
asylum ; -stefna, f. = friSarstefna ;
-stoll, m. chair of peace ; -saela, f.
bliss of peace ; -ssBll, a. blessed with
peace; -van, f. prospect of peace;
-vasnligr, a., -v&nxa. t z.. giving promise
of peace.
Frigg (gen. -jar), f. the goddess
Frigg (the wife of Odin).
frilla, f. frillu-, see frifila, friSlu-.
fria (atS), v. to deliver (f. e-n e-u) ;
refl.. friast, to free oneself.
fritSa (-dda, -ddr), v. to adorn.
friftendi, n. pi. good or fine things ;
heita e-m fndendum, to make fair
Promises.
friS-leikr, m. personal beauty.
fritSr (fri$, fritt), a. (i) beautiful,
handsome (f. synum) ; (2) fine (fritt
H5, foruneyti) ; (3) paid in kind; tolf
hundrud frid, twelve hundred head of
cattle inpayment; fjorir tigir marka
fri<5s, forty marks of silver paid in
cattle. C'f. 'ufriar.'*
Frisir, m. pi. the Frisians.
friskr, a. Frisian.
Fris-land, n. Frisia, Friesland.
frja (-tSa, -tSr), v. to love; sd fasr er
frjdr, he that woos wins.
Jrja-aptann, m. Friday evening.
frjadaga-fasta, f. Friday fast.
frja-dagr, m. Friday.
frjadags-aptann, m., -kveld, n.
Friday evening (cf. ' frja-aptann,
-kveld ') ; -nott, f. Friday night.
frja-kveld, n. (i) eve of Friday ; (2)
Fri lay evening.
frjdls, a. (i) free, opp. to 'prasll'
(f. maSr) ; (2) free, unhindered (Idta
e-n fara frjdlsan) ; eiga e-t at frjllsu,
to possess freely, without restraint.
frjalsa (aS), v. to free (=frelsa).
frjalsan, f. rescue, preservation.
frjals-borinn, ^.free-born ; -leikr,
m. liberty ; -lendingr, m. franklin ;
-liga, adv. freely ; -ligr, a. free, inde-
pendent ; -mannligr, a. appropriate to
a free man.
frja-myrginn, m. Friday morning;
-nott, f . Friday night.
frjo (dat. frjo and frjovi), n. = frae.
frjoa or frjova (a8), v. to fertilize;
refl., frjovast, tmiltiply, be fertile.
FRj6-IiIGR
[151]
FRIEND-SEMI
frj6-ligr, a. fruitful.
frjor (frjo, frjott), a. fertile.
frjosa (frys ; fraus, frusum ; fros-
inn ; also freri or frpri, frerinn or
frprinn), v. to freeze, esp. impers.,
fraus urn hann klaeSin (acc.),//*<? clothes
froze on his body ; fraus inni skip (ace.)
Erlings, Er ling's ships were frozen in ;
ve6r var kalt ok frjosanda, cold and
frosty ; fryss haf allt optliga d vetrum,
the whole sea often freezes in winter.
frjo-samr, a. fertile ; -semd, f. fer-
tility* fruitfulness.
frofta, i.froth (= fraud).
froskr (-s, -ar), m.frog.
frost, n. frost ; f. var vedrs, */ was
frosty weather ; in pi., frost mikil ok
kuldar, much frost and cold', frost ok
snjoar, frost and snow.
frosta (atS), v. impers. to freeze^ =
frysta (hvert haust, er f. tok).
frosta-vetr, m. frosty winter.
frost-vitSri, n. frosty weather.
fro, f. relief (from pain), comfort.
froa (at5), v. to relieve, with ace.
froan, f. relief, = fro.
froc-gec\jat5r, -hugatSr, a. wise-
minded, wise-, -leikr, m. (i) know-
ledge, information ; (2) magic, witch-
craft ; -liga, adv. sensibly ; eigi -liga,
foolishly ; -ligr, a. sensible.
froftr, a. knowing, learned, well-
informed (hon var fr66 at morgu) ;
froflar bcekr, instructive books.
froi, m. relief, = fro.
fron, n. poet, land, country.
f rum-bur fcr, m. the first-born, first
child\ -ferill, m. one making a first
visit-, -forn, f . first-fmit ; -getinn,
pp. first-born ; -getnatSr, -getningr,
m. *= -burQr ; -gogn, n. pi. the main
proofs', -bending, f. the foremost
rhyming syllable in a line ; -hlaup,
n. personal assault ; -kvecSi, m.
originator : -kvit5r, m. the first ver-
dict \ -smitS, f. first attempt (in any
art) ; -sok, f. original cause ; -tign,
f. the highest dignity ; -ungr, a. very
young; -vaxta, a. indecl. in one's
prime ; -vattr, m. the first, original
witness ; -verr, m. first husbana.
fru (gen. fru, pi. frur), f. mistress,
lady ( freyja).
frygft, f. blossoming, excellence.
frysta (-ti, -t), v. to freeze.
fryja (fry, frytJa. /ryt), v. (i) to-
defy, taunt (hon fryfii honum me6
morgum ordumj ; f. e-m hugar, to
challenge one's courage ; pessi klaedi
fryja ykkr fo5ur-hefnda, those clothes
challenge you to revenge your father ;
(2) f. a" e-t, to complain of; to egg
(goad] on.
fryja, f. taunt, reproach', verja sik
fryju, to clear oneself of reproach.
fryju-laust, adv. blamelessly, beyond
reproach ; -ortS, -yrtSi, n. taunt (leggja
-or5 d e-n).
fryn-ligr, a., frynn, a. pleasant
(-looking], inviting (only with nega-
tive, cf. 'ufrynn').
fr (dat. frssvi), n. seed (= frjo).
frsegft, {.fame, renown.
fraBgtSar-fullr, a. glorious; -for, f.
glorious journey ; -maftr, m. famous
man ; -mark, n. badge of glory ; -sam-
ligr, a. glorious ; -skot, n. famous
shot ; -verk, n.feat, exploit.
freegi-ligr, a. creditable, honourable.
fraegja (-$a, -tSr), v. to make famous.
fraegr, a. famous (f. konungr).
free-korn, n. seed of corn.
franda-afli, m. strength in kinsmen ;
-balkr, m. body of kinsmen ; -gengi,
n. = fraendliS ; -gipta, {.family luck ;
-lat, n. loss (death} of kinsmen-, -rog,
n. strife among kinsmen ; -skomm, f.
disgrace to one's family, -styrkr, m.
strength (backing] of kinsmen.
fraend-balkr, m. = frsenda-balkr ;
-gofugr, a. having distinguished kins-
men ; -hagi, m. native place ; -hollr,
&, faithful to one's kinsmen.
frsendi (pi. fraendr), m. kinsman
(also used of a brother and a son) ;
yflrir fyrri fraendr. your ancestors.
freend-kona, f . kinswoman ; -leif c5,
{.patrimony, inheritance (after a kins-
man] ; -Iit5, n. host of kinsmen, family;
-lingr, -mac5r, m. = fraendi ; -margr,
a. having many kinsmen ; -mser, f.
maiden kinswoman ; -rikr, a. rich in
kinsmen ; -rcekinn, a. attached ta
one's kinsmen ; -samliga, adv. kins-
manlike, kindly; -semi, f. relation-
ship, kinship ; ganga vid -semi e-s, to
FRIEND-SEMI
[152]
FULL-TIBA
acknowledge one as a kinsman ; var
g66 -semi me<3 peim, there was good
fellowship between them, they lived on
good terms as kinsmen.
fraendsemis-spell, n. breach of kin-
ship, incest ; -tala, f. tracing of kin-
ship ; vera i -tolu vi6 e-n, to be of
kinship with one.
frsend-skartS, n. loss of a kinsman ;
-storr, a. having great kinsmen ;
-sveinn, m. young kinsman ; -sveit,
f. body of kinsmen ; -vig, n. slaying
of a kinsman.
frser, a. yielding fruit, = frjor.
fraes, f. hissing (pu gerdir f. mikla).
frseva (at5), v. to fertilize.
froeSa (-dd, -ddr), v. to teach.
froe<5i, f. and n. ( I ) know ledge, learn-
ing, lore', i sumum froeSum, in some
old records (poems} ; (2) charms, spells
(pau kvadu par froeSi sin, en pat voru
galdrar).
froetSi-bcekr, f. pi. books of know-
ledge ; -fysi, f. love of knowledge ;
-matSr, m. learned man, scholar, his-
torian ; -nam, -naemi, n. acquisition
of knowledge, learning, studying.
froeki-liga, adv. valiantly.
froekinn, and froekn, a. valiant,
brave; froek-leikr and frcekn-leikr,
m. valour, bravery, prowess.
froekn-liga, adv. = frcekiliga ; -ligr,
a. valiant-looking, brave.
fugl (-s, -ar), m. bird (for hann svd
hart sem f. flygi) ; hafa f. af landi, to
meet with land-birds, to be near land.
fugla-drap, n. bird-killing', -drit,
n. bird's dung; -kippa, f. bundle of
fowls; -lift, n. flock of birds.
fuglari, m. fowler, bird-catcher.
fugla-songr, m. singing of birds ;
-veicSr, f. bird-catching.
fugl-berg, n. fowling-cliff; -heill,
f. augury ; -veicSr, f. = fuglaveiSr ;
-ver, n. fowling-place ; -pufa, f . knoll
on which birds sit.
full, n. the fill of a drinking-vessel,
a toast (65ins-full, etc.).
full-, in compds.fut/y, quite, amply ;
-bakaftr, pp. full-baked; -bortSa, a.
indecl. with bulwarks of full height
(of a ship) ; -byli, n. full provisions
for a house ; -ferma (-da, -dr), v. to
load full; -froegr, a. full famous;
-gamall, a. very old: -goSr, a. quite
good; -g0ra (-t$a, -Sr), v. to fulfil,
complete, perform ; -g0rla (-gprva),
adv. quite, fully; -gorr, pp. fully
done ; -hugi, m. dauntless man, hero ;
-hyggja (see hyggja), v. to love dear-
ly; -ilia, adv. very badly; -keyptr,
pp. bought full dearly ; -kominn, pp.
perfect \ -kominn at 2\&\\, full grown ;
-komliga, adv. fully; -kosta, a.
indecl. full-matched (of man and
wife] ; -kvfflni, a. well married ;
-launat$r,pp.y#//x rewarded; -leiksa,
a. indecl. quite enough to do (hafa
-leiksa) ; -liSa, a. indecl. having men
(troops) enough ; -malinn, pp. fully
ground; -mikill, &. full great.
fullna (atS), v. to fulfil, finish.
fullnatSr (gen. -ar), m. fulfilment;
hafa fullnad or mdli, to obtain one's
full claim (in a suit).
full-numi, a. having learnt fully,
become an adept in a thing (-numi \
goldrum) ; -ncegja (-(Sa, -t), v. to
be sufficient, to siiffice ; -ort5inn, pp.
full-grown, of age.
fullr, a. (\)full (f. e-s or af e-u) ; f.
upp ulfu6ar,/z/// of ' savageness ; f. eitri
(dat.), full of poison ; (2) full t com-
plete, entire ; full vissa,_/// certainty ;
scekja mdl til fullra laga, to the full
extent of the law ; halda til fulls vi5
e-n, to stand on one* s full right against
another ; hafa fullara hlut, to get the
better of it ; at fullu, til fulls, fully,
thoroughly.
full-ratSa, a. indecl. fully resolved ;
-r6tti, n. a gross insult for which full
atonement is due ; -ryninn, a. fully
wise; -r(5i, n. (i) full efficiency;
(2) full match ; -rostt, pp. n. enough
spoken of; -roskr, a. in full strength ;
-sekta (a<5), v. to make one a full out-
law ; -skrifta, a. indecl. at full speed ;
-spakr, a. full wise ; -steiktr, pp.
fully roasted; -ssela, f. wealth, bliss ;
-saela fjar, great wealth ; -saell, a.
blissful; -scefSr, pp. quite dead;
-soemdr, pp.fut/y honoured ; -tekinn,
pp. -tekinn karl, a full champion ;
-tifta, a. \ntecl. full-grown ; full-tida
aldr,/w// age.
FTTLLTHSTG
[153]
FYLKINQ
fullting, n. help, assistance.
fulltingja (-da, -dr), v. to lend help,
assist, with dat.
full-trui, m. one in whom one puts
full confidence, patron (deity} ; -tyja
(-tyfta), v. = -tingja ; -vaxta, a. in-
decl. full-grown', -vegit, \xp.Ti.kavi?ig
slain enough ; -vel, adv. full well ;
-virfti, r\. full price; -proskaftr, pp.
full-grown, grown to full strength ;
-purr, a. fully dry.
fun dining, {.finding.
fundr (-ar, -ir), m. (i) t finding, dis-
covery (fundr fjarins, f. Islands) ; (2)
meeting', fara, koma a" fund e-s, til
fundar vi6 e-n, to go to visit, or have
talk with, one; (3) fight, battle.
fund-viss, a. quick to find.
funi, m, flame (f. kveikist af funa).
fur a, i. fir, fir-tree.
furfta (-aft), v. (i) to wonder; (2) to
forebode, with dat.; illu mun f., ef, it
will bode ill, if.
furfta, f. (i) foreboding, omen ; g63s
(ills) f., good (bad) omen ; (2) strange
(wonderful) thing; ekki er petta nein
f., V/J nothing strange.
furftu-, in compds., very, wonder-
fully ; -djarfr, a. very insolent;
-hetmskr, a. very foolish ; -liga, adv.
very, exceedingly (-liga har, mikill,
vel) ; -ligr, a. wonderful, marvellous ;
-sterkr, a. very strong; -vel, adv.
wonderfully well.
furu-kvistr, vn..fir bough.
fussum, interj.yfe, with dat.
fustan, n. fustian (for. word).
fuinn, a. rotten, decayed.
fulga, i. fee paid for alimentation.
fulgu-fall, n. forfeit of the alimenta-
tion fee ; -f6, n., -f(6naor, m. sheep or
cattle put out to fodder ; -maftr, m.
boarder, one boarded out.
full, a. (i) foul, stinking; fult egg,
a rotten egg; (2) fig. /out, mean.
ful-leitr, a. of foul appearance ;
liga, adv. meanly ; -mannligr, a.
mean, paltry ; -mennska, f. paltri-
ness, baseness.
fulna (aft), v. to become stinking.
ful-yrfti, n. pl.foul language.
funa (aft), v. to rot, decay.
furr (gen. furs), m.fire (poet).
fus-liga, adv. willingly.
fuss, a. willing, eager (f. e-s or til
e-s ; f. at fara, etc.] ; absol., f. (wil-
lingly) vil ek mina hamingju til leggja.
fygla (-da, -t), v. to catch fowl.
fyl (gen. pi. -ja), n.foal or filly.
fylgft. f* (0 following, guidance;
(2) support, help, backing; (3) party,
followers ; body-guard (of kings and
princes) ; halda fylg5, to wait upon
the king.
fylgftar-lauss, a. without atten-
dants, alone ; -maftr, m. follower,
attendant.
fylgi, n. following, support ; auka
sdr f., to win followers.
fylgi-kona, f. concubine, mistress.
fylginn, a. attached to (f. e-m).
fylgi-samr, a. = fylginn.
fylgja (-ft a, -t), v. (i) to accompany,
help, with dat. ; f. e-m at, f. e-s mdlum,
to side with one, take one's part ; (2)
to lead, guide one (y6r var fylgt i
kornhloSu eina) ; (3) to pursue (f. fast
flottamonnum) ; (4) to follow, be about
one (konungr let sveininn f. m65ur
sinni) ; (5) to follow, observe (f. e-s
r5um, f. hirdsiSum) ; (6) to belong or
pertain to (segl ok rei6i er fylg6u skip-
inu) ; (7) lata f., to add; pat let hann
f., at, he added that ; (8) refl., fylgjast,
to follow one another; fig. to hold
together (hann ba8 sma menn f. vel,
hold well together).
fylgja, f. (i) guidance (beiQa e-n
fylgju) ; (2) female guardian spirit;
attendant spirit in animal form (pu
munt vera feigr ma6r ok muntu hafa
set fylgju pma).
fylgjandi (pi. -jendr), m. follower.
fylgjari, m. = fylgjandi.
fylgju-engill, m. guardian angel;
-kona, f. (i) = fylgja (2) ; (2) = fylgi-
kona ; -lag, n. concubinage ; -samr,
a. = fylgi samr.
fylgsni, n. hiding-place.
fylja, i. filly.
fylki (gen. pi. fylkja), n. (i) district,
county, shire, in Norway (pat er f.
kallat, er g0ra md. af tolf skip) ; (2)
battalion, host (in battle).
fylking (pi. -ar), f. (i) battle array ;
(2) host, legion.
FYLKIETGAH-ARMR
[154]
FYRIK
fylkingar-armr, m. iving of an
army ; -broddr, m. vanguard of a
host (\ 6ndver6um -broddi).
fylkir (gen. -is), m. chief ^ king.
fylkis-konungr, m. chief of a dis-
trict ; a petty king.
fylkja (-ta, -tr), v. to draw up (in
battle array), with dat., or absol.
fylla (-da, -dr), v. (i) to fill (f. e-t
e-s or af e-u) ; ( 2) to complete, make
up (f. J>at, er d skortir) ; (3) to fulfil ' ;
(4) f. flokk e-s, to side with one; (5)
refl , fyllast ahyggju ok hraedslu (gen.),
to be filled with care and fear.
fylli, f. one's fill (gefa e-m f. sfna
matar ok drykkjar).
fylli-liga, adv.///x.
fylling, f . ( I ) filling ; (2 ) fulfilment.
fyl-merr, f. a mare with a foal.
fyrSar, m. pi. men, warriors (poet.).
fyrir, prep., I. with dat. (i) before, in
front of (ok voru fyrir honum borin
merkin) ; f. dyrum, before the door ;
(2) before one, in one's presence ; hon
nefndist f. J>eim Gunnhildr, she told
them that her name was G.; ($}for;
hann Idt rydja f. f>eim buSina, he had
the booth cleared for them, for their
reception ; (4) before one, in one's
way ; fjorSr var5 f. beim, they came
to a fjord; sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait
for one\ (5) naut. term, before, off',
iggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the piers ;
f. Humru-mynni, off the Humber ;
(6) before, at the head of, over; vera
f. lidi, to be over the troops ; vera f.
mali, to lead the case ; sitja f. svorum,
to undertake the defence ; (7) of time,
a \ f- l>rem nottum, three nights
ago ', f. stundu, a while ago ; f. longu,
long ago ; vera f. e-u, to forebode (of
a dream) ; (8) before, above, superior
to ; Halfdan svarti var f. f>eim brceQ-
rum, H. was the foremost of the
brothers ; (9) denoting" disadvantage,
harm, suffering', bii lastr Egil vefja
611 mal f. ber, thou let test E. thwart
all thy affairs ; tok at ey3ast f. henni
lausa-fe, her money began to fail',
(10) denoting obstacle, hindrance ;
mikit g0ri ber mer f. bessu m2X\,you
make this case hard for me ; var6
honum litit f. f>vi, /'/ was a small
matter for him ; Asgrimi J>6tti pungt
fyrir, A. thought that things looked
bad; (n) because of, for; hon undi
se*r hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest
for paitis ; f. hrasSslu, for fear ; ilia
fcert f . isum, scarcely passable for ice ;
ga5u {)eir eigi f. veiSum at fa heyjanna,
because of fishing they neglected to
make hay ; f. J)vi at, because, since,
as; ( 1 2 ) against ; gset in vel f . kon-
ungi ok bans monnum, guard thee
well against the king and his men ;
beiSa griSa Baldri f. alls konar haska,
against all kinds of harm ; (13) f. ser,
of oneself ; mikill f. ser, strong, power-
ful ; minnstr f. ser, smallest, weakest ;
(14) denoting manner or quality,
with ; hvitr f. hasrum, white with
hoary hair; II. with ace. (i) before,
in front of; halda f. augu ser, to hold
(one's hands] before one's eyes ; (2)
before, into the presence of; stefna
e-m f. domstol, before a court ; (3)
over; hlaupa f. bjorg, to leap over a
precipice; kasta f. bor6, to throw
overboard; (4) in one's way, crossing
one's way; rida d Iei6 f. ba, to ride
in their way, so as to meet them ; (5)
round, off; sigla f. nes, to weather a
Point; (6) along, all along; f. endi-
langan Noreg, all along Norway, from
one end to the other ; draga or f. odd,
to draw the arrow past the point;
(7) f time, f. dag, before day ; f. e-s
minni, before one's memory ; (8) for,
on behalf of ; vil ek bj66a at fara f.
{>ik, / will offer to go for thee, in thy
stead ; 16_;v6rn f. mal, a lawful defence
for a case ; (9) for, for the benefit of;
>eir skdru f. ba melinn, they cut the
lyme-grass for them (the horses) ; (10)
for, instead of, in place of, as; ( 1 1 )
for, because ^/"(vilja Gunnar dauSan f.
hoggit) ; f . {>in Q&, for thy words (inter-
cession] ; f. sina vinsasld, by reason of
his popularity ; (12) denoting value,
price; f. f>rjar mzrkr, for three marks;
f. hvern mun, by all means, at any
cost\ (13) in spite of, against (giptast
f. ra6 e-s) ; (14) joined with adverbs
ending in -an, governing ace. (f. au-
stan, vestan, sunnan, nor6an, utan,
innan, framan, handan, ofan, neflan) :
FYRIR-BANWA
[155]
FYRR
f. austan, sunnan fjall, east, south
of the fell ; f. neSan bru, belo~u the
bridge ; f. handan , beyond the river ;
f. innan gar5, inside the fence ; III. as
adverb or ellipt. (i) ahead, before,
opp. to ' eptir ' ; > var eigi bins verra
eptir van, er slikt for f., when this
came first, preceded ; (2) first ; mun
ek par eptir gera sem per gerit f., 1
shall do to you according as you do
first ; (3) at hand, present, to the fore ;
fong {>au, er f. voru, stores that were
at hand', J>ar var f. fjoldi bodsmanna,
a host of guests was already present
(before the bride and bridegroom
came) ; (4) e-m verdr e-t f., one takes
a certain step, acts so and so ; Kolbeini
vard ekki f., K. was at a loss what to
do ; e-t maslist vel (ilia) f., a thing is
well (ill) spoken or reported of '(kvaeSit
maeltist vel f.).
fyrir-banna (a(5), v. to forbid, deny
(e-m e-t) ; -bending, f . foreboding ;
-bjofta (see bjotSa), v. to forbid; -bofta
(a<5), v. to forebode; -botSan, f. fore-
boding; -bocSning, f. forbidding;
-bon, f. imprecation ; -burtSr, m. ap-
pearance, vision ; -biia (see bua), v.
to prepare ; -bunatSr, -buningr, m.
preparation ; -dcema (-da, -dr), v. to
condemn ; -fara (see fara), v. to de-
stroy ; -fari, m. foreboding ; -folk,
n. great folk, persons of distinction ;
-furtSa, f. = -fari ; -ganga, f. walking
ahead, leading; -gefa (see gefa), v.
to forgive ; -gefning, f. forgiveness ;
-g0ra (-tSa, -<5r), v. to forfeit (-g0ra
e-u) ; -heit, n. promise ; -huga (at5),
v. to intend for (e-m e-t) ; -hugsa
(aft), v. to premeditate; -hyggja, f.
forethought, care ; -koma (see koma),
v. (i) to destroy, with dat. ; (2) avert,
prevent; -kona, f. woman of dis-
tinction ; -konungr, m. distinguished
king; -kunna (see kunna), v. to
blame one for (-kunna e-n e-s) ; -kvetSa
(see kvecSa), v. to refuse (e-m e-t) ;
-lat, n. forgiveness ; -lata (see lata),
v. (i) to let go, give up; (2) to for-
give (e-m e-t) ; (3) to give way ; -latr,
a. not exacting, yielding; -latsamr,
a., ekki -latsamr, stubborn ; -leggja
(see leggja), v. to lay aside, forsake ;
refl., -leggjast um e-t, to give it up;
-leitinn, a. circumspect; -leitni, f.
circumspection ; -litligr, a. con-
temptible ; -lita (see lita), v. to de-
spise ; -ljuga i see ljuga), v. (i) to for-
swear by // (-ljuga trii sinni); (2 -with
ace. to slander; -matSr, m. {^fore-
man, chief \ (2) one who excels others;
(3 ) predecessor ; -mannligr, a. distin-
guished-looking ; -muna ( see muna ),
v. to grudge one a thing (e-m e-t) ;
-maela (-ta, -tr), v. (i) to injure one
by one's words (-maela e-m) ; (2) to
curse; -nema (seenema),v. (i)-nema
e-m mal, to deprive one of speech,
make one silent ; (2) refl., -nemast e-t,
to forbear ; -rasari, -rennari, rs\. fore-
runner ; -rum, n. the ' room ' in a ship
of war before the ' lypting\ the middle
4 room ' of a boat.
fyrirrums-maftr, m. one stationed
in the fyrirrum.
fyrir-sat, f., -satr, n. ambush ; -segja
(see segja), v. to foretell; -setning,
f. preposition ; -sjon, f. laughing-
stock ; -skyrta,f. ^ fore-shirt ', apron ;
-spa, f. prophecy; -sverja (see sver-
ja), v. to forswear, renounce by oath ;
-sogn, f. dictation, instruction ; -taka
(see taka), v. (i) to deny, refuse; (2)
to forbid; -tolur, f. pi. persuasion;
-vari, m. precaution ; -vega (see
vega), v. to forfeit by manslaughter;
-verfta (see verfta), v. to collapse,
vanish ; -verfia sik, to be destroyed;
refl., -verdast, to perish, collapse;
-vinnast (see vinna), v. refl., lata
-vinnast, to be idle, forbear (doing a
thing) ; -vist, f. leading, management;
-ffltlan, f. design, purpose.
fyrnast (d), v. refl. (i) to get old,
decay; (2) to be forgotten (hans nafn
mun aldri f.) ; henni fyrndist aldri fall
Olafs konungs, she never forgot king
Olafs death.
fyrnd, f. (i) age, antiquity; i fyrnd-
inni, in times of yore; (2) decay,
dilapidation (f. kirkjunnar).
fyrnska, f. (i}ctge ; slitinn af fyrnsku,
worn with age ; (2) witchcraft ; vita
fyrnsku, to be skilled in witchcraft.
fyrnsku-hattr, m. old fashion.
fyrr, adv. (i) befote, sooner ; J>vi betr
FYKRI
[156]
FCERI-LIGB
pykki m6r er ver skiljum f., the sooner
we part the better ; sva" sem f. sogdum
ver, as we said before ; f. en, before
(conj.), sooner than ; (2) rather.
fyrri, a. compar. former', fyrstr,
a. superl. the first, foremost', hinn
fyrra hlut vetrar, in the early part of
the winter', hit fyrra sumar, the sum-
mer before last; ydrir fyrri fraendr,
your ancestors ; verQa fyrri til e-s, at
e-u, to be the first to do a thing', eigi
fellr tre vi5 hit fyrsta hogg, a tree
does not fall at the first blow.
fyrri, adv. ( = fyrr) before, sooner,
rather (fyrri skal ek deyja, en).
fyrr-meirr, adv. formerly, informer
times, previously.
fyrrum, adv. formerly, before.
fyrst, adv. superl. (i) first', gekk
Hrutr fyrst (foremost} okkvaddi kon-
unginn : sem f., as soon as possible ;
f. i sta8, directly, at once ; (2) conj.
(rare) as, since.
fyrsta, f., i fyrstunni, i fyrstu, in the
beginning, at first.
fyla, f. (i) foulness, stink ; (2) dirty
fellow ( mannfyla).
fysa (-ta, -tr), v. to urge (f. e-n e-s) ;
impers., mik fysir, I am eager, desire
strongly (mik fysir til Islands, heim) ;
refl., fysast, to desire, feel desirous or
eager-, also ellipt. (hann kvaQst eigi f.
til Islands at sva bunu).
fysi, f. wish, desire (= fysn, fyst).
fysi-liga, adv. willingly, desirably ;
-ligr, a. desirable, attractive.
fysn, fyst, f. = fysi ; e-m er fyst a"
at gera e-t, one is desirous of doing
(or eager to do] a thing.
fsst5, f. (i) fewness, scantiness', (2)
coldness (in intercourse] ; f. er med
peim, they are on indifferent terms ;
taka f., to become melancholy.
fsBgja (-$a, -tSr), v. (i) to polish ; (2)
to cleanse (f. sar).
ffflkka (atS), v. (i) to make few, re-
duce in number-, (2) refl., faekkast, to
grow cold, unfriendly (heldr tok at f.
mefi peim).
feela (-da, -dr), v. to frighten, scare
(f. e-n braut) ; refl., felast e-t, to be
frightened at; hestar faeldust, the
horses shied.
fsBling, {.frightening.
faelinn, a. shy, timid.
fasr, f. sheep.
Faer-eyingar, m. pi. the Faroe Islan-
ders ; -eyjar, f. pi. the Faroe Islands.
faer-eyskr, a. Faroese.
fseta, v. to have to do with (f. urn e-t).
fsatka, fsetta (atS), v. = faskka.
foecSa (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to feed,
give food to\ (2) to rear, bring up
( = f. upp) ; (3) to give birth to (fceddi
Bergljot sveinbarn) ; (4) refl., fceSast,
to feed, live on a thing (f. viQ e-t) ;
to be born ; to be brought tip ( = f. upp).
foefta, f., foetSi, to. food (= fcezla).
fostSing, f. birth, delivery.
fce^ingi (pi. -jar), m. native', vera
f. i e-u landi, to be born in a country.
foera (-c$a, -t$r), v. ( i ) to bring, convey
(f. f til skips); (2) to bring, present
(f. e-m e-t) ; f. e-m hofuQ sitt, to sur-
render to one ; f. e-m kvae6i, to deliver
a poem ; (3) to remove (f. kirkju, f. bu
sitt) ; (4) with preps., f. e-t at e-m, to
inflict on one ; f. skomm at e-m, to
sneer at one ; refl., fcerast at, to bestir
oneself; mega ekki at fcerast, to be
unable to do anything; f. d e-n, to
mock one ; refl., fcerast a fcetr, to grow
up; f. e-n fram, to maintain, feed ; f.
e-t f hljodmaeli, to hush up ; f. e-n i
kaf, to plunge one under water ; f. sik
i aett, to vindicate one's kinship (by a
gallant deed) ; f. e-n ni6r = f. e-n i kaf;
f. korn (sa6) ni6r, to put down corn
(seed], to sow ; f. e-t sundr, to split
asunder; f. e-n til kristni, to convert
to Christianity ; f. til retts mdls, to
turn into prose ; refl., fcerast undan
e-u, to quit (release] oneself of ; f. upp,
to put up (f. upp vef ) ; to lift tip (f. upp
0xina); to take out (f. upp mat or
katli) ; f. ut bu6arveggi, to enlarge the
walls of a booth.
fcercS, f. condition of the roads.
foeri, n. (i) opportunity ; komast f f.
vid e-n, to get a chance to attack one ;
vera i fcerum til e-s or um e-t, to be
able to do a thing; (2) what one is
able to ^7 (ekki setla ek petta mitt f.);
(3) fishing-line.
foeri-ligr, a. (i) practicable, easy;
(2) -ligr hestr, a strong horse.
FCER-LEIKR
[157]
GAGN
foer-leikr, m. ability, strength.
foerr, a. (\}able to go (voru f>eir allra
manna bezt fcerir basSi d foeti ok a
skidum) ; (2) capable of being passed,
passable, safe (PctlandsfjorSr var eigi
f.); foert vec5r, weather Jit for travel-
ling', skip foert, fit for use, seaworthy;
(3 ) f. ti 1 e-s, capable of, able to do a thing.
foezla, {.food, = fceSu.
foftur-arfr, m. inheritance after a
father ; -bani, m. slayer of another's
father ; -betrun gr , m. one better than
his father ; -brotSir , m./afher's brother,
uncle; -boetr, f. pi. weregild for a
father; -frsendi, m. kinsman on the
father's side ; -garcSr, m. a father's
house ; -gjold, n. pi. weregild for one 's
father ; -hefndir, f . pi. revenge for
one's father; -kyn, n. father 's kin;
skozkr at -kyni, on the father's side ;
-leif, -leifft, f. patrimony; -ligr, a.
fatherly ; -moSir, f. father's mother,
grandmother; -tun, n.= -garQr ; -sett,
f. kinsfolk on the father's side.
fol, f. thin covering of snow.
fol-leitr, a. pale-looking; -litatSr,
pp. pale-coloured.
folna (acSj, v. to grow pale (folnaSi
ok hrseddist) ; to wither ( gras folnar) ;
kirkja fyrnd ok folnuS, decayed.
folnan, f . withering, fadi?ig away.
fblr (ace. -van), a. pale ; f. sem aska
(gras, ndr), pale as ashes (grass, a
corpse}.
folskaftr), a. covered with folski.
folski, m. white asties.
fonn (gen. fannar ; pi. fannir), f.
(i) snow (hvitr sem f. nyfallin) ; (2)
snow-wreath.
for (gen. farar ; pi. farar and farir),
f. (i) journey; vera i f. med e-m, to
be in company with one ; vera i forum,
to be on trading voyages ; eiga skip i
forum, to own a trading ship ; (2)
attack, assattlt (= atfor) ; (3) fate
(munt pti hafa farar Hakonar jarls) ;
ver munum fara eina for allir, it will
go with us all in the same way ; (4)
vera d foru (forum), to be on the wane
(lausafe bans var heldr d. forum).
forlast (atS), v. refl. to fall into
decay ; impers., e-m forlast, one grows
weak (from age).
fornutSr, m. = farnaSr.
foru-kona, f. vagrant woman.
foru" 1 !, a. rambling, strolling about.
foru-macSr, m. vagrant, beggar;
-mannligr, a. beggarly ; -nautr, m.
fellow-traveller, companion ; -neyti,
n. (i) company; (2) retinue; -piltr,
m. vagrant lad, beggar.
fostu-dagr, m. (ij fast-day ; (2) Fri-
day^ frjcidagr) ; -dagrinn langi, Good
Friday ; -inngangr, m. beginning of
Lent, Shrove-tide ; -kveld, n. Friday
evening; -tit$, f., -timi, m. fast-time.
foxottr, a. having a mane different
in colour from the body (f. hestr).
G
gabb, n. mocking, mockery.
gabba (atS), v. to mock, make game
of one (g. e-n).
gadda (aS), v. to gore, spike.
gadda-kylfa, f. club with spikes.
gaddan, n. a kind of headgear (rare).
gadd-hjalt, n. a sword-guard end-
ing in sharp points.
gaddr (-s, -ar), m. (i) goad, spike;
fig., var mjok i gadda slegit, at, it was
all but settled that ; (2) hard snow.
gafl, m. gable, gable-end.
gaflak, n. k gavelock ', javelin, dart.
gafl-hlatS, n. gable-end ( -veggr).
gaflok, n. = gaflak.
gafl-stokkr, m. gable-beam \ -veggr,
m. gable-wall = -hla6.
gagarr, m. dog (rare).
gag-hals, a. with the neck thrown
back (hirtir gaghalsir).
gagl, n. small goose, gosling; bird;
-bjartr, a. bright as a goose ; -vitSr,
m. ''bird-wood'.
gagn, n. (i) advantage, use; verSa
e-m at gagni, to be of use to one ; er
eigi mun vera g. \, that will be of no
use ; (2) produce, revemte, esp. of
land ; (3) domestic utensils ; (4) lug-
GAGNA
[158]
GAMANS-FUNDR
5 (5) victory 5 hafa (f) g., to have
(gain) the victory ; (6) pi. gogn, proofs,
evidence.
gagna (aft), v. to be of use to one
(g. e-m) or for something ; refl., gagn-
ast, to avail^ be of use.
gagn-autSigr, a. very productive (of
land) ; well stored (bii -audigt).
gagn-dagar, see ' gangdagar '.
gagn-dyrt, a. n. with doors opposite
one another.
gagn-fceriligr, -fcerr, a. penetrable,
penetrating.
gagn-gort, a. n., only in the phrase,
-gort, straight.
gagn-hollr, a. mutually kind.
gagn-hraeddr, a. much frightened.
gagn-kvoS, f. counter-summons.
gagn-lauss, a. useless, of no use
(hann var g. flestum monnum).
gagn-lei(5, -leifti, n. short cut.
gagn-maeli, n. gainsaying.
gagn-ortSr, a. speaking to the point,
hitting the mark.
gagn-samligr, a. useful, profitable ;
-samr, a. beneficent, kind, hospitable
(-samr vi6 menn) ; -semd, f. hos-
pitality, readiness to help.
gagn-senn, pp. = -sser.
gagn-skorinn, pp. (i) cut through ;
(2) carved all over.
gagns-macSr, m. useful (beneficent}
man ; -munir, m. pi. useful things ;
veita e-m -muni, to help one.
gagn-statSa, f. resistance ; -staftligr,
a. contrary , opposed to (e-u).
gagn-atigr, m. short cut.
gagn-stoetSligr, a. = -staSligr.
gagrnstocSu-fiokkr, m. adverse party,
-matSr, m. adversary, opponent.
gagn-sfler, a. transparent (glerit er
gagn-sett).
gagn-sok, f. counter-action, counter-
charge.
gagn-tak, n. saddle-strap.
gagn-vart, prep, with dat. and adv.,
over against (sitja -vart e-m).
gagn-vegr, in. short cut, = -Iei3.
gagn-vert, prep, with dat. and adv.
over against, opposite (to}.
gagn-vaenligr, a. profitable.
gala (gel; gol, golum ; galinn), v.
(l) to crow (of a cock), cry, scream ;
(2) to sing, chant ; g. galdra yfir e-m,
to chant magic songs over one ; afl
gol hann Asum, he chanted strength
into the jEsir.
gal, n. screaming, howling.
galdr (gen. -rs, pi. -rar), m. (i)
magic song, charm (gala, kveSa galdra
yfir e-m) ; (2) pi. witchcraft, sorcery
(galdrar ok gorningar).
galdra-bok, n. book of magic ; -fullr,
a. full of sorcery ; -hri$, f. magic
storm ; -kind, f . foul witch ; -kona,
f. witch, sorceress ; -list, f. magic art ;
-laeti, n. pi. magical mummeries ;
-matSr, m. wizard ; -raumr, m. great
sorcerer ; -smitSr, m. sorcerer.
galdr-ligr, a. magical.
galeift (pi. galeitSr and galeitSir\
f. galley.
galinn, pp. (i) enchanted', (2) mad,
frantic (foru galnir sem hundar).
gall, n. gall) bile ; sour drink.
galla-lauss, a. faultless.
gall-beiskr, a. bitter as gall', -bland-
inn, pp. mixed with gall.
gall-har<5r, a. hard as stone.
galli, m. defect, fault, flaw.
galti, m. boar, hog ( = goltr).
gamall (gomul, garnalt), a. (i)
old', & gamals aldri, in his old age ;
opt er gctt pat er gamlir kveSa, old
men's sayings are often good', (2)
old, aged, of a certain age hve g.
ma<3r ertu, how old art thou? tolf
vetra (gen.) g., twelve years old.
gamal-ligr, a. elderly, -menni, n.
old man ; -orar, m. pi. dotage from
old age ; -cerr, a. in dotage.
gaman (dat. garnni), n. game, sport,
pleasure, amusement ; mer pykkir g.
at e-u, / am amused by it; henda
(se*r) g. at e-u, to make game oj ; jotni
at gamni, to the delight of the giant;
taka undir i gamni, to respond in
jest; hafa e-t til gamans, to amuse
oneself w th.
gaman-leikr, m. game, amuse-
ment ; -mal, n. merry talk, joking ;
-runar, f. pi. joyful conversation;
-roetSa, f. = -mdl ; -samligr, a. amus-
ing; -sa^r, a. merry, jocose.
gamans-fertS, f. pleasure trip ;
-fundr, m. merry-making.
GAMAlVT-vfsA
[159]
GANGA
gam an- vis a, f. a humorous verse ;
-yrtSi, n. pi. jesting talk.
gamban-reitSi, f. great wrath ;
-sumbl, n. great banquet ; -teinn,
m. a kind of magic staff.
gambr (gen. -rs), m. a kind of bird.
gambra (a<5), v. to brag, bluster.
gamlaftr, pp. stricken in years.
gammi, m. hut of a Finn.
gammr (-s, -ar), m. vulture.
gamna (acS), v. to divert, amuse (g.
e-m me5 sogum).
gan, n. frenzy, frantic gestures.
gana (-da), v. (i) to gape, show a
fissure ; g. d e-t, to gape for or after
(g. a ran) ; (2) to rush (g. at e-m) ;
(3) to gaze, stare.
gandr (-3, -an, m. magic staff;
renna gondum, to ride a witch-ride.
gand-reitS, f. witch-ride.
ganga (geng ; gekk, gengum ;
genginn), v. (l) to walk (reid jarl,
en Karkr gekk) ; (2) to go ; g. heim,
to go home ; g. braut, to go away ;
g. til hvilu, to go to bed', g. d skip,
to go on board; g. af skipi, to go
ashore ; with infin., g. sofa or at sofa,
to go to sleep ; g. at eiga konu, to
marry a woman ; (3) to go about graz-
ing, to graze (kdlfrinn gekk i tuni um
sumarit) ; (4) of a ship, to run, sail
(gekk skipit bratt ut a haf> ; (5) to
stretch out, extend, project (nes mikit
gekk i sae ut) ; (6) of report, tales, to
be current (litlar sogur megu g. af
hesti minum) ; (7) to prevail; gekk
baSan af i Englandi Valska, thereafter
the French tongue prevailed in E. ;
(8) of money, to be current (peningar
J>eir, sem nu ganga) ; of laws, to be
valid (ban log, er gengu d Uppsala-
bingi) ; of sickness, plague, famine,
to rage (bd gekk land-farsott, drepsott,
hallaeri) ; (9) to go on, last (gnustu ba
saman vdpnin, ok gekk bat um hri3) ;
impers., gekk bvi lengi, so it went on
for a long while; (10) Idta g. e-t, to
let go on ; lata hoggin g., to rain
blows ; Birkibeinar ie'tu g. luSrana,
blew the trumpets vigorously ; ( 1 1 )
to succeed; ef bat gengr eigi, if that
will not do ; impers., sva bykt, at
beim gekk bar eigi at fara, so close,
that they could not go on there ; beim
gekk ekki fyrir nesit, they could not
clear the ness; (12) to turn out. go
in a specified way; g. andseris, to go
all wrong ; mart gengr verr en varir,
many a thing goes worse than is
looked for ; gekk beim litt atsoknin,
they made little progress with the
attack; impers., e-m gengr vel (ilia),
one fares (goes on, gets on] well
(badly) ; (13) with ace., g. e-n d bak,
to force one to go backwards (hann
gengr bjorninn d bak) ; (14) with dat.,
to discharge (gekk hann bd blotfi) ;
(15) with preps, and adverbs ; g. af
e-u, to depart from, leave (bd gekk af
honum moSrinn) ; g. af vitinu, to
go out of one's wits; g. af tru sinni,
to apostatize ; to pass (sicSan gengu af
pdskarnir) ; to go off (gekk f)egar af
hofudit) ; to be left as surplus (bat er
af skuldinni gekk) ; nu gengr honum
hey af, now he has some hay left ; g.
af se'r, to go to extremities, to go
beyond onese/f (m}Q\s. ganga beir fost-
bnjedr nu af ser); g. aptr, to revert
(return) to the former proprietor
(siSan gengu bau lond aptr undir
Arna) ; to be void, annulled (bd skal
kaup aptr g.) ; of a ghost, to walk
again ; of a door, to close, shut (gekk
eigi aptr hurfiin) ; g. at e-m, to attack
one ; g. at e-u, to agree to, accept a
choice or offer (Flosi gekk fljott at
bessu ollu) ; to fit (skaltu fd mer lukla
ba, sem ganga at kistum ydrum) ; g.
d e-t, to encroach upon (g. d riki
e-s) ; to break (g. d or3 sin, ei<5a. griS,
sasttir, tryg5ir) ; to pierce, penetrate ;
hann var i panzara, er ekki gekk d,
that was proof against anv weapons ;
g. a vald e-s or e-m, g. a hond fhendr)
e-m, to submit to, give oneself up to,
surrender to one ; g. d bak e-u, to
contravene; g. eptir e-u, to go for, go
to fetch (gongum heim eptir ver3inu) ;
to pursue, claim ; g. eptir, to prove
true, be fulfilled fattta. gekk allt eptir,
sem M. sagdi fyrir) ; g. frd e-u, to
Part with, lose (sumir munu g. frd
ollu fenu) ; g. fram, to step forward;
g. fram vel, to go forward bravely, in
a battle ; to come to pass, come into
GANGA
[160]
GANGB
execution (skal pess bi6a, er petta
gengr fram) ; to increase (fe* Hall-
gerSar gekk fram ok gordist allmikit) ;
to depart this life (H. bondi gengr
fram til fraenda sinna) ; g. fyrir e-n,
to present oneself before one (g. fyrir
konung) ; g. fyrir e-u, to take charge
of, manage (var par mart folk, en
husbondi gekk svd fyrir, at ekkert
skorti) ; to yield to, be swayed by
(hann gekk pd fyrir fortolum hennar) ;
g. i gegn e-m, to set oneself against
one ; g. i gegn e-u, to confess, acknow-
ledge ; ma5r gengr i gegn, at braut
kvedst tekit hafa, the man confessed
and said that he had taken it away ;
g. i mdl, to undertake a case ; g. me 6
e-m (of a woman >, to marry ; g. med
barni, to be with child; g. me6 bur<5i
(of animals), to be with young; g.
me3 e-u, to assist in, plead (g. me6
mdli, bonorcH) ; g. milli (d m., i m.),
to go between, intercede ; g. moti
(d m., i m.) e-m, to go to meet one ;
g. moti e-u, to resist, oppose ; to con-
fess, = g. i gegn, g. vid e-u ; g. naer
e-m, to be troublesome to one (potti
hon cerit nser g. f>orgerdi) ; g. e-m
nasr, to approach, cotne near to one
(sd hefir brott komizt, er nasst gekk
Gunnari um alia hluti) ; g. saman, to
marry ; of an agreement, bargain,
to be brought about ; saman gekk
kaupit me6 peim, they came to a bar-
gain ; g. sundr (i s.), to go asunder,
part; g. til, to go up to a thing
(gangit til ok hyggit at) ; of the wind,
to veer (vedrit gekk til utsuSrs) ; e-m
gengr e-t til e-s, one has some reason
for doing a thing ; en pat gekk mer
til pess (that was my reason), at ek
ann per eigi ; hversu hefir ykkr til
gengit, how have you fared ? Loka
gekk litt til, it fared ill with L. ; g.
um e-t, to go about a thing ; g. um
beina, to wait upon guests ; g. um
saettir, to go between, as peacemaker ;
g. um e-n, to befall, happen to one
(pess, er um margan gengr guma) ; of
the wind, to go round, veer (gekk um
ve6rit ok styrmdi at peim) ; to manage
(fekk hon svd um gengit, at) ; g. undan,
*o escape to absent oneself; g. undir
e-t, to take upon oneself, undertake
(a duty} ; g. undir e-n, to subject one-
self to; g. upp, to be wasted (of
money) ; to get loose, to be torn loose
(peir glimdu svd at upp gengu stokkar
allir a husinu) ; of a storm, gale, to get
up, rise (ve6r gekk upp) ; of an ice-
bound river, ain var gengin upp,
swollen with ice ; g. vi5 staf, to walk
with a stick g. viQ e-u or e-t, to
avow ; g. yfir e-t, to go beyond, dis-
regard (hann vildi eigi g. yfir pat, er
hann vissi r^ttast) ; g. yfir e-n, to
overcome, to befall, happen to one ;
slikt sem yfir hefir gengit, all that
has happened ; eitt skal yfir okkr g.,
we shall share one fate; (16) refl.,
gangast, to be altered, to change, of
tradition (g. i munni) ; lata e-t g., to
waive, give up ; e-m gengst hugr vid,
is moved to compassion by something
(p gekst f>orger6i hugr vid harma-
tolur hans) ; gangast at, to engage in
a fight (peir gengust at lengi) ; g. d,
to be set off against one another (a"
gengust vigin huskarlanna) ; to dash
against one another ; a gengust eidar,
the oaths were broken ; g. nasr, to
come to close quarters ; g. vid, to
gain strength : a"6r en vi6 gengist
hans bsen, before his prayer should
be fulfilled; E. hafSi mikit vid geng-
izt um menntir, E. had much im-
proved himself in good breeding.
ganga, f. (i) walking (hann moedd-
ist i gongu) ; vera i gongu, to be on
foot, to walk ; (2) course (g. tungls,
vinds).
gangandi, m. wayfarer.
gangdaga-vika, f. Rogation week ;
-ping, n. an assembly held during
Rogation week.
gang-dagar, m. pi. Rogation days,
1 Gang-days ' ; -foeri, n. the condition
of the roads ; illt (gott) -foeri, bad
(good) walking; -prutSr, a. with
stately gait.
gangr (gen. gangs), m. (i) walking
(vera d gangi) ; motion, activity of
any kind (pa var hvert ja"rn a" gangi) ;
(2) pace, pacing (temja hesta vi6 gang
ok hlaup) ; (3) course (g. himintungla) ;
(4) prevailing, being in vogue ; hafa
GANG-RtJTM
[161]
GlRUNGR
mikinn gang, to be much in vogue ;
heldr er vaxandi g. at J>eim, they (viz.
the dreams] were rather on the in-
crease ; svd. mikill g. var orflinn at
eldinum, the fire had got to such a
height.
gang-rum, &.. passage-room ; -silfr,
n. current money ; -stigr, m. foot-
path ; -tamr, a. well-trained in pacing
(of a horse).
gap, n. (i) gap, empty space ; (2)
shouting, crying (hdreysti ok g.).
gap a (-ta, -atj, v. to gape, open the
mouth wide.
gaps-matSr, rn. gaping fool, gaby.
Garftar, m.pl. Ritssia\ Garoa-riki,
-veldi, n. the Russian empire.
gartS-hlicS, n. gate ; -bus, n. privy ;
-hverfa, f. an enclosed plot ; -lag, n.
the building of a fence or wall.
garSr (-s, -ar), m. (i) fence, wall]
(2) enclosed space, yard (cf. aldin-
gardr, grasgarSr, kirkjugardr) ; (3)
court-yard, court (J)eir ganga lit i
gardinn ok berjast) ; riSa i gard, to
arrive ; ri5a (fara) or garQi, to de-
Part', fig., helmingr skal falla { minn
gard, the half shall fall into my share',
skal aukast pridjungi i J)inum garfli,
in thy keeping', hyggjum vdr, at i
ySvarn gar8 hafi runnit, into your
hands, your possession ; gora e-n af
gardi, to eqttip one (as a son, a friend,
when departing from home) ; Ii5r
vetr or gardi, the winter passes by ;
(4) house, dwelling'^ (5) stronghold,
castle (cf. As-gar6r, Ut-gar6ar).
Gar(5s-konungr, m. the Greek em-
peror (in ' MiklagarQr').
gartS-staurr, m. fence-stake.
garmr, m. dog.
garn, n. (i) yarn (spinna garn af
rokki) ; (2) warp-thread, warp, opp.
to ' vipta ', weft, woof.
garp-ligr, a. martial ; -menni, n.
martial man.
garpr (-s, -ar), m. a bold, dauntless
man (g. mikill) ; also applied to a
woman (hon var vaen kona ok garpr
mikill i skapi).
garp-skapr, m. bravery.
gassi, m. (\) gander \ (2) rash fellow.
gat, n. hole, opening.
ICEL. DICT.
gata (gen. pi. gatna), f. path, way t
road\ vera i. gotu e-s, to be in one's
way ; sitja gotu e-s, to lie in wait
for ( sitja fyrir e-m) ; alia gotu,
always, throughout.
gatna-mot, n. junction of roads.
gauk-manaftr, m. ^cuckoo-month'
(the first summer month).
gaukr (-s, -ar), m. cuckoo.
gaul, n. lowing; bellowing.
gaula (at5), v. to low, bellow.
gaum-gasfa (-tSa, -t), v. to heed;
-gsefS, f. atte?ition, care.
gaumr, m. heed, attention ; gefa
gaum at e-u, to pay attention to.
gaupa, f. the lynx.
gaupna-syn, f. looking into one's
palms ; covering one's face with the
hands (cf. ' sjd i gaupnir ').
gaupnir, f. pi. (i) the two hands
placed together so as to form a bowl ;
sjd, horfa, lita, luta i g. ser, to cover
one's face with the hands (as a token
of sorrow, or in prayer) ; (2) double
handful (g. silfrs).
gaura-gangr, m. disorderly conduct.
gaurr, m. rough fellow.
gauta (atS), v. to prate, brag.
gautan, f. prating.
Gautar, m. pi. a Scandinavian
people in southern Sweden.
Gaut-elfr, f. the river Gotha.
Gaut-land, n. the land of the Gautar.
gauzkr, a., from Gautland.
g& (gai, gat5a, gat), v. to heed, with
infin. (gd at g0ra e-t) or gen. ; gu6s
hann gd5i, he gave heed to God; ga
sin, to take care of oneself ; gd til e-s,
to mark ; glyja Jm ne gddir, thou
hadst no mind for joy.
ga, f. barking (in ' googd', blasphemy ;
gala-samligr, a. waggish ; -skapr,
m. waggery.
ga-lausligr, a. heedless, wanton ;
-lauss, a. wanton, careless ; -leysi,
n. heedlessness.
galga-tr6, n. gallows-tree.
galgi, m. gallows (reisa galga).
ga-ligr, a. mindful of '(e-s).
gar, n. buffoonery, mocking.
gar-fenginn, a. given to buffoonery.
garungr (-s, -ar), m. buffoon.
M
aAs
[162]
QEGNA
gds (gen. gasar; pi. gaess), f. goose
(gait hann gagl fyrir gas).
gd-samr, a. heedful, attentive ;
-semi, f. attention.
gds-veiSr, f. goose-catching.
gata, f. riddle ; geta (rd3a) gatu, /0
razrt? a riddle,
gdtt (pi. -ir), f. (l) the rabbet of a
doorsill or doorpost ; var hnigin hurd
d gatt, the door was shut', (2) pi.
doorway ; innan gatta, indoors.
get$, n. (i) mind, wits, senses',
heimta aptr g. sitt, to come to on^s
senses again ; vera gaetinn at ge5i,
to be on one^s guard', vita til sins
ge5s, to be master of one's wits; (2)
disposition, liking', honum var vel i
geQi til Freysteins, he was well dis-
posed to Fr. ; pu fellst me'r vel i g.,
you are to my liking; fellst hvart
oSru (fdllust pau) vel i g., they liked
one another well.
gedda, i. pike (fish).
get$-fastr, a. firm of mind; -festi,
{.firmness of mind.
get5jat5r, a. to one's mind, agreeable.
geftjaat (atS), v. refl., e-m geSjast
e-t, one is pleased with, one likes.
gecS-lauss, a. fickle-minded; -leysi,
to., fickleness of mind, inconstancy.
ge$3-ligr, a. engaging, pleasing.
gecS-speki, f. wisdom ; -svinnr, a.
wise, clever,
gefa (gef; gaf, gafum; gefinn),
v. (i) to give (g. e-m e-t) ; hann gaf
peim godar gjafar, he gave them good
gifts ; g. e-m rd.6, to give one advice ;
g. hljod, to give a hearing; g. e-m
sok, e-t at sok, to lay to one's charge,
to bring a charge against one ; g. slog,
to deal blows ; g. e-m drekka, to give
one to drink ; impers., e-m gefr byr
(byri), one gets a fair wind (gaf peim
byr ok sigla peir f haf ) ; absol., gaf
peim vel, they got a fair wind; ef
foeri gefr a, if you get a chance ; ef
y6r (dat.) gefr eigi missyni i pessu
mali, if you are not mistaken in this
matter; pat gaf ollum vel skilja, it
was clear for all to understand; (2)
to give, grant; g. heimleyfi, to grant
furlough ; g. e-m grid, to grant quar-
ter or pardon to one ; g. e-m lif, to
grant one his life; (3) to give in
matrimony (ek var ung gefin Njdli) ;
(4) to give fodder to cattle, to feed (g.
goltum, nautum, kum, hestum) ; (5)
g. staSar, to stop ; let hann pa" staQar
gefa roSrinn, he stopped rowing; (6)
e-m er e-t sva gefit, or sva" gefit urn
e-t, one is so and so disposed, thinks
so and so of a thing (ef per er petta
sva gefit sem pu segir) ; (7) with
preps.; g. se'r litit (mikit) af (or at)
e-u, to take little (much) notice of;
g. d e-t, to pour water on ; fig. to
Press on (gefr Ormr pa" a) ; g. e-m til
e-s, to give in return for a thing (g.
fe* til satta) ; impers., honum hafdi
vel gefit til (had good luck) um hefnd-
ina ; g. ser mikit (litit) um e-t, to
take great (little] interest in (= g. se'r
mikit, litit, af or at e-u) ; g. se'r fatt
um e-t, to take coldly, take little notice
of; g. e-t upp, to give up (g. upp alia
motstoSu) ; g. sik upp, to surrender ;
g. upp gamalmenni, to give old people
up, let them starve ; g. upp leiguna,
to remit the rent; g. upp sakir, to
remit offences ; upp gefinn, exhaitsted ;
g. e-t vi5 e-u, to give in payment for;
g. sik vi6, to give in (pat er likara, at
ek gefa mik vi5) ; (8) refl., gefast vel
(ilia), to prove good (bad] ; opt hafa
mer vel gefizt y6ur ra6, your counsels
have often proved good for me ; hefir
peim pat ok aldri vel gefizt, // has
never turned out well ; gefast gjof-
um, to give gifts to one another ;
g. vald e-s, to give oneself into
another's power; g. upp. to give in,
siirrender; e-m gefst e-t yfir, one
does wrong in a thing (ef gofgum
monnum gafust storir hlutir yfir).
gefandi fpl. -endr), m. giver.
gefna-getS n. conduct, behaviour.
gegn and i gegn, prep, with dat.,
against (i g. vindi sem forvindis) ; \
g. e5li, against nature.
gegn, a. (i ) honest (sannorcJr ok g.) ;
(2} fit (for 6. par a" land, sem honum
potti gegnast) ; (3) direct, straight
(hinn gegnsta veg).
gegna (-da, -t), v. (i) to go against,
meet (g. e-m) ; (2) to suit one, be meet
for one ; velit pat er y5r gegnir,
GEGNI-LIGA
[163]
GERLA
choose what best suits you ; (3) to
signify, mean, matter; spurSi, hverju
gegndi ugledi su, er hann hafdi, asked
what his sadness meant ; sumir masltu
i moti ok kvadu 0ngu g., some denied
it, and said it was cf no use; meira
en hofi gegnir, mote than is due,
above measure ; g. tiSendum, to be
of importance ; (4) to amount to ; sva
at morgum hundruSum gegndi, so that
it amounted to many hundreds.
gegni-liga, adv. duly, properly.
gegning, f. suitableness ; a" f>essu er
engi g., this will not do.
gegnt, (i) adv. straight; compar.,
gegnra, gegnara, more straight ;
superl., gegnst, gegnast, the shortest
way; most right, meetest ; (2) prep,
with dat. over against, opposite to (g.
konungi).
gegnum, i gegnum (i) prep, with
ace. through (g. vegginn) ; (2) adv.,
allan dag i g., all the day long.
geifla f aft), v. to mumble (g. a" e-u).
geiga (aft), v. to take a wrong direc-
tion ; eigi veit, hvar uskytja or geigar,
none can tell where a shaft ill-shot
may stray to.
geigan, f. wavering.
geigr, m. (i) scathe, serious Jntrt;
vinna, gera, veita e-m geig, to hurt
one ; (2) danger (er f>at enn mesti g.j.
geigu-skot, n. deadly shot.
geig-vfflnligr, a. dangerous, fatal.
geil (pi. -an, f. narrow glen , lane.
geila-garftr, m. a fence along a geil.
gei-ligr, a. fine, beautiful (rare).
geip, n. idle talk, nonsense.
geipa (aft), v. to talk nonsense.
geipan, f. brag, nonsense.
geir-falki, m. gerfalcon ; -fugl, m.
gare-fowl, the great awk.
geiri, m. gore, triangular strip.
geir-laukr, m. garlic.
geir-nagli, m. the nail fastening a
spear's head to the shaft.
geirr (-s, -ar), m. (i) spear; (2) the
Point of an anvil (nefstedi).
geir-varta, f. nipple (of a man).
geis, f. impetuosity ; geisa (aft),
v. to rage, be furious ; f>eirra ofsi
geisar ha"tt, their insolence runs high.
geisan, f. impetuosity (= geis).
geiska-fullr, a. frightened.
geiski, m. panic, fear.
geisl, m. (i) snow-skater's staff; (2)
ray, beam ; geisla (aft), v. to shed
rays, to beam ; geisli, m. = geisl.
geispa (aft), v. to yawn, gape.
geispi, m.yawn.
geit (gen. -ar; pi. geitr), f. a she-
goat (ragr sem geit).
geita-icetr, m. pi. goats' feet, feet
like those of a goat ; -hirftir, m. goal"
herd ; -hiis, n. goat-house.
geitar-horn, n. goafs horn ; -hugr,
m. cowardice ; -hus, n. goat-house ;
-skegg, n. goafs beard.
geita-sveinn, m. goat-herd.
geit-bjalfi, m., -heftinn, m. goat-
skin coat or hairy jacket', -skinn,
n. goat-skin ; -staka, f. = -skinn.
geitungr, m. wasp.
gelda (-da, -dr), v. to geld, castrate.
geld-f6, n. barren sheep.
geldijar-hofh, f. pasture for geldfe.
gelding, i. gelding, castration.
geldingr (-s, -ar), m. (i) wether;
(2) eunuch.
geld-neyti, n. barren cattle.
geldr, a. yielding no milk, dry.
geil a (-da), v. to yell, roar, bellow
(sem griSungr gelldi).
gerLlingr (-s, -ar), m. a year-old
sheep (at ryja gemlinga).
gems, n. gibe, scoff.
gexnsa (aft), v. to gibe, scoff.
gems-fullr, -mikill, a., full of gibes.
gengi, n. (i) luck, success ; an er ills
gengis nema heiman hafi, ill luck is
home-bred; (2) help, support; aria se'r
gengis, to gather troops.
gengr, a. (i) able to walk ; (2) Jit to
walk on (vegr vel g.) ; (3) eiga heiman
gengt, to have time and opportunity
to leave home.
genta, i. girl, lass.
gera, v. see g0ra ; gerft, see g0r5.
gerft, f. yeast, ferment.
gerft (pi. -ar), f. gear, harness ; pi.
armour (ger6ar vaiar).
gerfta (-fta, -ftr), v. to fence in.
gerft i, n. a fenced field.
gerft ing, {.fencing, hedging.
geri, m. ^ ravener\ wolf (poet).
gerla, adv. see gbrla.
GERNI3NTGAB
[164]
GEYSI-LIGB
gerning, gerningr, see g0rn-.
gerpi-ligr, a. martial ( garpligr).
gerr, a. see gorr ; adv. see g0rr.
ger-samliga, -semi, -simi, -sim-
iigr, see gor-, g0r-.
gersta (-sta, -str), v. to annoy, tease
(g. hug e-s) ; gerstr, pp. (i) weari-
some, dismal : gerstan dag, the long
weary day ; (2) sulky ; harm leit g.
vi5 mer, he looked sulkily on me.
gerva, gervallr, gervi, see gorva,
gorvallr, g0rvi.
gerzkr, &.from Gartfarfki.
gesta-bekkr, m. guests' 1 bench ; -"bot$,
n. banquet ; -hus, n. guest-room ;
-hofftingi, m. ch-ef of the guests ;
-skali, TO., guest-hall.
gest-gjafi, m. host (godr -gjafi).
gestr (-s, -ir), m. (i) guest ; (2) a
royal retainer of inferior rank.
gest-risinn, a. hospitable ; -risni,
f. hospitality.
get, n. guess (rare).
geta (get; gat, gatum ; getinn),
v. I. with ace. (i) to get; g. orQstir,
to get fame ; g. ser e-t, to get for one-
self (gofts um cedis ef ser g. mastti) ;
g. gott af e-m, to get good of one ;
with dat. of the person, g. valuflum
vel, to be kind to the poor ; g. e-m
ilia, to do harm to one; impers., getr
-t, there is (got) ; eigi getr sh'kan
(there is none such) \ konungs her-
bergjum ; (2) with pp. of another
verb, g. veiddan risk, to be able to
catch fish ; ek get eigi fyjgt yfir, 1
cannot follow you ; (3) almost like
an auxil. verb with infin. ; ek Gunnari
gat at unna, / loved G. ; g. at lita,
sja (to get) to see; without 'at', er
slikt getr fcecta j65, that shall rear
such a child; (4) to learn (lengi man
bat er ungr getr); (5) to ieget, en-
gender (fotr gat son vi5 foeti); geta
born, to beget children (said of both
parents) ; (6) refl., getast at e-u, to
like ; bvi at mer gezt vel at be'r, be-
cause I like thee well ; lta ser getit
at e-u, to be pleased with ; eigi last ek
mer at einu getit, I am not pleased to
have always the same, I want so?ne
change', II. with gen. (i) to guess ;
g. gtu, to guess a riddle ; g. rett, to
guess right ; g. e-s til, to guess, sup-
pose ; g. i hug e-m, to guess one's
thoughts', (2) to speak of, mention,
in speech or writing (bess er getit,
sem gort er) ; geta um e-t, to speak
about (hann gat ekki um petta fyrir
sinum mb'nnum) ; bess er vid getit,
at, it is told that.
geta, f. guess, conjecture (er bat g.
min, at) ; spd er spaks g., a wise man's
guess is a prophecy ; aetla ek eigi bat
til getu, at hann se bar, it is not
likely that he is there ; leida getum
um e-t, to make a guess at.
getara, f. birth-giver, mother.
getari, m. begetter, father.
get-gangr, in. guessing.
getnatSr (gen. -ar), m. (i) concep-
tion ; (2) foetus ; vera me5 getnadi, to
be with a child', (3) liking.
get-sakir, f. pi. imputations (with-
out evidence) ; scekja -sakir, to pro-
secute one upon loose imputations ;
-samligr, a. pertaining to guessing ;
-speki, f. gift of prophecy.
getu-rnal, n. doubtful case.
geyja (gey, go), v. (i) to bark (at
e-m) ; (2) to scoff at (vil ek eigi god
g.) ; g. a" e-n, to abuse.
geyma (-da, -dr), v. (i) to heed,
mind, watch (geym bess, at enginn
komist i braut) ; hann hafSi geymt
hlutverka sinna, he had minded his
work ; g. sin, to take care of oneself;
g. at e-u, til e-s = g. e-s ; (2) to watch,
keep, with ace. (g. bceinn, heilraadit).
geymari, m. keeper.
geymdir, f. pi. heed, attention ; gefa
g. at e-u, to give heed to.
geyminn, a. heedful (g. e-s, at e-u).
geymsla, f. keeping, care.
geymslu-lauss, a. unguarded.
geyra, geyrr, = g0ra, gorr.
geysa (-ta, -tr), v. to send cut with
violence (hann laetr g. eld ok jarn) ;
usually refl. to dash or rush furiously
( ba geysist hafit d londin ; mugrinn
geystist inn a skipin).
geysi-, very, exceedingly ; g. mikill,
very great; g. margir, very many;
g. ilia, very badly.
geysi-liga, adv. enormously, -ligr,
a. enormous.
GEYSINQR
[165]
GJAF-FALR
geyaingr, m. impetuosity.
geystr, pp. (i) rushing hastily ; (2)
enraged (voru bcendr mjok geystir a
hendr honum).
gi (or -ki after / or s), a suffix used
esp. with negative, but also with posi-
tive and indefinite force.
gil (gen. pi. gilja), n. ravine, gully.
gilda-skali, m. guild-hall.
gildi, n. (i) payment, tribute (rare) ;
(2) recompense, return ; ae ser til gild is
gjof (see gjald 4) ; (3) repute, esteem
(pegar per komist i g. vid hofdingja) ;
(4) feast, banquet (p gengu yEsir at g.
sinu) ; ($} guild, brotherhood.
gildis-brceftr, m. ^[.guild-brothers;
fundr, TS\. guild-meeting; -skali, m.
guild-hall ; -tift, f. guild-term.
gild-leiki, m. perfectness.
gild-liga, adv. properly.
gildr (gild, gilt), a. (i) valued at
(g. tveim morkum) ; (2) of full value ;
worthy, great (g. konungr, hofSingi) ;
me6 gildum soma, with great fame ;
Hallfreflr var pd sem gildastr, H. was
then at his best.
gildra, f. trap.
gildra (aft), v. to trap, set a trap.
gilja (aft), v. to beguile (a woman).
gils-promr, m. edge of a gully.
gim-steinn, m. gem, jewel.
gin, n. mouth (of a beast).
gin-kefli, n. gag.
ginna (-ta, -trj, v. (i) to dupe, fool
one; g. e-n at ser, to fall out with
one; (2) to decoy, entice (g. c-n til
e-s, heiman af bcenum).
ginn-heilagr, a. most holy.
ginning (pi. -ar), f. deception, be-
fooling (Gylfa-ginning).
ginningar-fLfl., n. one who runs a
fooPs errand (vera -fifl e-s).
ginn-regin, n. pi. the great gods.
ginnunga-gap, n. the great void,
primeval chaos ; -hiniinn, m. the
heaven over ginnunga-gap.
ginnungr, m.jttggler, jester.
gipt, f. (i) gift (jarSligar giptir) ;
(2) good luck ( =gipta).
gipla, i. good luck.
gipta (-pta, -ptr), v. to give away in
marriage (g. e-m e-a) ; refl. giptast,
to marry.
gipting, f. marriage (of a woman).
giptu-drjugr, a. lucky ; -fatt, a. n.
luckless (e-m verSr -fdtt) ; -liga, adv.
luckily; -ligr, a. lucky, auspicious;
-maftr, m. lucky man ; -munr, m.
difference in good hick ; -raft, n. good,
auspicious match ; -samliga, adv.
auspiciously ; -samligr, a. = -ligr ;
-skortr, m. want of luck, bad luck \
-tomr, a. luckless ; -vasnligr, a. pro-
mising good luck, auspicious.
girfta (-fta, -$r), v. to fence, = gerfia.
Girkir, m. pi. the Greeks.
girna (-di, -t), v. impers., mik girnir,
/ desire ; refl., girnast e-t, e-t, til
e-s, to desire something.
girnd (pi. -ir), f. desire ; lust.
girndar-bruni, -eldr, -hiti, m. fire
of lust, ardent lust ; -raft, n. (foolish}
love match.
girni-ligr, a. desirable, pleasant.
girska, f. the Greek language.
girskr, a. (i) Greek ; (2) = gerzkr.
gista (-sta, -st), v. to pass the night
(g. at e-s, at or e-m stad) ; g. e-n,
to spend a night with one.
gisting, f. night-lodgings , accom-
modation for the night (beidast gist-
ingar ; piggja gisting).
gistingar-bol, n., -staftr, m. night-
quarters.
gizki, m. a kind of 'kerchief "(?).
gifr, n. witch, hag; -liga, adv.
savagely (lata -liga).
gigja, {.fiddle ; gigjari, m. fiddler.
gina (gin ; gein, ginum ; ginit), v.
to gape, yawn (ginandi u : fr) ; g. yfir
e-t, to take into one's mouth ; g. vid
agni, to gape in order to take the bait.
gisl (pi. -ar), m. (i) hostage; (2)
bailiff^, keisarans) ; warder.
gisla (aft), v. (i) to give as hostage ;
(2) to take as hostage.
gislar, f. pi. (i) sureties, securities;
(2) security, guard (setja g. fyrir).
gisling, f. (i) hostage (taka e-n i g.) ;
(2) pi. guard (setja gislingar fyrir e-n).
gjafa-laust, adv. (dismissea] without
gifts ; -ley si, n. lack of gifts.
gjafari, m. giver.
gjafa-skipti, n., -vixl, n. exchange
of gifts.
gjaf-erfft, f. bequest; -fair, a. to be
GJAF-LATTST
[166]
QLAP-ILEBI
had for a trifle ; -laust, adv. 'without
gift*, -lendingar, m. ^\. feudatories ;
-lyndi, n. open-handedness ; -mildr,
a. open-handed ; -ortS, n. match (of a
woman to be married) ; -vaxta, a.
marriageable (of a maid) ; -vinr, m.
open-hande i friend.
giald, n. (i) tribute (hann Iag6i g. a"
borgina); (i) payment; J>aheldubo2ndr
gjaldinu, they kept back the payment;
(3) retribution, esp. pi. ; ella mun J?er
g. at ver6a, ///# shalt pay dear jor
it; (4) reward, return, compensation;
ae se'r gjof til gjalda,^*/? looks for gift.
gjalda (geld; gait, guldum ; gold-
inn), v. (i) to repay, return] g. gjof
vid gjof, to pay back gift for gift; g.
aptr, to restore, pay back; (2) fig. to
give, yield ; g. skynsemi vi5 e-u, to
give reason for ; g. samkvasdi at e-u,
to consent to; g. varud, varhuga vi6
e-u, to be on one's guard against ; g.
e-m fjandskap, to show ill-will to-
wards one ; (3) with gen. to pay for,
suffer on account of ({>ar munud J)it
min g.) ; g. e-s at = g. e-s ; geldr at
nybreytni (gen.) konungs, it is a pun-
ishment for the king's innovations.
gjald-dagi, m. pay-day ; -fang, n.
payment, equivalent ; -gengr, a. taken
in payment; -keri, -kyri, m. the
king's steward.
gjalla(gell; gall, gullum; gollit),
v. to scream, shriek (ernir gjalla hatt) ;
strengr gellr, the bow-string twangs ;
impers. to resound, echo (kvad f>or-
steinn sva h^tt, at gall i miirnum).
Gjallar-horn, n. (i) the horn (trum-
pet] of Heimdal; (2) the drinking-
horn used by Mimir.
gjallr, a. ringing, resounding.
gjalti, only in the phrase, ver6a at
g., to turn mad with terror.
gjarn, a. (i) eager for, desirous of
(g. a e-t, i e-t, til e-s) ; (2} g. e-m,
willing to follow one.
gjarna, adv. willingly.
gjarn-liga,-samliga, adv. willingly.
gja (gen. gjar; pi. gjar, gen. gj'a,
dat. gjam), f. rift, cleft, chasm.
gjalfr, n. din of the sea ; -dyr, n.
ship (poet.) ; -samr, a. roaring (of
the sea).
gjar-bakki, m. brink of a rift ;
-barmr, m. edge of a rift; -munni,
m. moitth of a rift.
gjo, f. sensuality ; -lifi, n. sensual
life; -maSr, m. a sensttal person.
gjosa(gys; gaus,gusum; gosinn),
v. to gush, burst out (f>ar gaus upp
stundum eldr ; blodit gaus or sdrinu).
gjos-aetSr, f. ' gush-vein ', artery.
gjota(gyt; gaut, gutum; gotinn),
v. (i) g. hrognum, to spawn; (2) g.
augum, sjonum, to cast a look.
gjof (gen. gjafar, pi. gjafar and
gjafir), i.gift ; skipta gjof urn vi5 e-n,
to exchange gifts with one ; leida e-n
ut (i brott) me6 gjofum, leysa e-n d
brott med gjofum, to dismiss one with
gifts (at the end of a visit).
gjofull (ace. gjcflan), a. munificent,
liberal (g. at gulli).
gjogr, f. cleft, rift (gljufr ok gjograr).
gjdgra (a<5), v. to reel, stagger.
gj dinar, f. pi. the whiskers of the
Fenris-wolf.
gjolta (-Iti), v. to bark (rare).
gjor-, see gor-, g0r-.
gjortS (gen. gjarftar; pi. gjart5ar
and gjar (5ir), {.girdle; saddle-girth
(so6ulgjor5).
gjorvallr, a. see 'gorvallr'.
glaSa (atS), v. to gladden (= gledja).
glat5an, adv. = gladliga.
glacS-latr, a. cheerful; -liga, adv.
gladly, willingly ; -ligr, a. glad, cheer-
ful ; -m seltr, a. cheerful in speech.
glacSning, f. gladdening, gladness.
glatSr (glocS, glatt), a. (\) glad, glad-
some, cheerful (Flosi var allra manna
gladastr) ; (2) bright, beautiful, of the
sky, weather, fire (ve5r glatt, tunglit
skein glatt).
glaS-vseri, f. gladness ; -vaerr, a.
gladsome, cheerful.
glam, or glamrn, n. noise, din, clash.
glama, v. to twaddle, talk idly.
glamra (aft), v. to tinkle, jingle.
glap,n. begiiilement, seduction ; venja
kvamur sinar til glapa (or glaps) vi9
konu, to aitn at seducing.
^*
glapna (ao), v. to grow dim (glap-
nafli honum heyrn ok syn).
glappa-verk, n. mishap.
glap-rcetSi, n. mistake, blunder \
GIiAP-STIGR
[167]
OLYMJA
stigr, m. a wrong path ; -vlg, n. acci-
dental manslaughter.
glata (aft), v. (i) to destroy (g. e-u) ;
(2) to lose ; refl., glatast, to be lost.
glatan, f. perdition.
glatuns-hundr, \\\. glutton (?).
glaumr,m. noisy merriment; glaums
andvana, cheerless.
gldm-syni, f. illusion.
glefta, f. glede, kite (bird).
glefti, f. gladness, merriment^ joy
(var bar J)d g. mikil).
gleoi-bragft, r\. joyful mien; -dagar,
m. pi. days of happiness ; -fullr, a.
joyful] -ligr, a. glad] -maftr, m.
cheery man ; -mot, n. = -brag6 ; -orft,
n. pi. words of joy ; -stundir, f. pi.
merry, happy time ; -vist, f. merry
sojourn.
gleftja (gleft, gladda, gladdr), v. to
gladden, make glad '; refl., gledjast, to
be glad, rejoice.
glefja, f. spear, lance (for. word).
glefsa (-ta), v. to snap at (g. \ e-t).
glens, n. gibing, gibe, jest, banter.
glensa (aft), v. to jest, make fun.
glensan, f. gibing, jesting.
glens-ligr, a. bantering ; -mikill, a.
full of jesting or gibes ; -yrfti, n. pi.
jesting or gibing speech.
glepja (glep, glapta, glaptr), y. (i)
to confuse one (in reading, speaking) ;
(2) to confound (g. sokn, vb'rn) ; (3)
to beguile (g. konu).
gler, n. (i) glass; hall sem g., slip-
pery as glass ; bresta \ gleri, to break
into shivers ; (2) looking-glass.
gler-gluggr, m. glass-window ;
steinar, m. pi. glass stones, agates ;
-tolur, f. pi. glass beads.
glett, n., gletta, f. banter, raillery,
taunting ; fara (ganga, rida) \ glett vi6
e-n, to provoke one.
glettast (tt), v. refl. to banter, rail
against one, taunt, provoke an enemy
(g. vid e-n).
gletti-liga, adv. tauntingly.
glettingr, m. = glett, gletta.
glettings-bara, f. splashing wave.
glettinn, a. bantering.
glettni, f. = glett (eiga g. vi6 e-n).
glettu-atsokn, f. a feint to provoke
the enemy to attack.
glettunar-maftr, m. ; engi -madr, a
man not to be trifled with.
gleyma (-da, -dr), v. (i) to make a
merry *ou* (glaumr) ; (2) with dat. to
forget (gleymt hefi ek J)essu).
gleym-samligr, &. forgetful.
gleymska, i.forgetfulness.
gleypa (-ta, -tr)', v. to swallow.
glissa (-sta), v. to grin, gabble.
glit, n. ' glitter ' ; ofit i g., brocaded.
glita, glitra (at5), v. to glitter.
gHkindi, gliking, glikja, glikligr,
glikr = likindi, liking, etc.
glima (-da, -t), v. to wrestle.
glima, f. wrestling.
gliminn, a. expert as a wrestler.
glimu-brogt5, n. pi. wrestling-tricks ;
-felagi, m. wrestling-mate', -foerr,
a. able-bodied as a wrestler ; -mann-
liga, adv. like a good wrestler.
glja (-tSa, -($), v. to glisten, shine.
gljufr, n. pi. rocky (sides of a) ravine.
gljufrottr, a. rocky.
glott, n. grin, sneer, scornful smile ;
draga g. at e-u, to sneer at.
glotta (-tta, -tt), v. to grin (g. at or
vid e-u) ; g. viS tonn, to smile scorn-
fully and show the teeth.
gloa (aft, or -ofta, -6t), v. (i) to
shine, glitter (gloar nokkut i gotunni) ;
(2) to glow with heat ; gloanda jarn,
red-hot iron.
gloft (pi. glosftr), f. red-hot embers.
gloftar-ker, n.Jire-pan.
gloft -rauftr, a. red as embers.
glofaftr, ?L. gloved; glofi, m. glove.
glo-foxottr, a. light-maned.
glopaldi, m., glopr, m. fool.
glosa (aft), v. to explain by a gloss.
gluggaftr, pp. with windows.
gluggr (-a, pi. -ar), m. opening (in
a wall, roof, etc.), esp. window.
glumr, n. noise, rattle, clatter.
glumra (aftl, v. to rattle, clatter.
glutr, n. squandering, lavishment.
glutra (aft), v. to squander.
glutrs-maftr, m. spendthrift.
glutrunar-maftr, m. = glutrsmadr ;
-samr, a. lavish, extravagant.
glupna (aft), v. to become downcast.
glyrtrja (glym, glumda, glumiftr),
v. to dash noisily, splash (unnirglymja),
clatter (glumdu joklar), rattle.
GLYMB
[163]
GNYJA
glymr, m. clatter, clash, ringing.
glyrnur, f. pi. cat's eyes.
glys, n. finery (kaupa glys).
glys-gjarn, &. fond of finery; -ligr, a.
showy, specious ; -mal, n. pi. specious
words.
gly, n. joy ; glyja (gen. pi.) nd ga"5ir,
thou hadst no mind for joy.
glyjaftr, pp. gleeful (vel g.).
gly-stamr, a. joyless.
glaea (-dda), v. to glow , glisten.
glser (gen. glass), m. sea ; kasta a"
glae, to throw into the sea, squander ;
hlaupa a glas, to run in vain.
glae-rseoi, n. = glaprasSi.
glsesa (-ta, -tr), v. to embellish ;
gulli ok silfri glaestr, adorned with gold
and silver.
glaesi-ligr, a. splendid, showy ;
specious (-lig or6).
gloepa-fullr, a. full of wickedness,
ungodly ; -maftr, m. miscreant, male-
factor ; -mannligr, a. ruffianly ;
-verk, n. crime.
gloepi-liga, adv. wickedly ; -ligr, a.
wicked; glcep-ligr, a. = gloepiligr.
glcBpr (-s, -ir), m. misdeed, crime.
glospska, f. misdeed, offence.
gloep-varr, a. righteous ; -yrfti, n.
pi. foiil language.
g!0gg-do3mr, a. sagacious in one's
judgement ; -leikr, m. sagacity ; -liga,
adv. clearly, distinctly.
g!0ggr (ace. -van), a. (i) clear-
sighted (g!0ggt er gests auga) ; (2)
clear, distinct ; vera g!0ggrar greinar,
to distinguish sharply ; eigi er me'r
pat g!0ggt, it is not clear to me ;
neut., g!0ggt, as adv. clearly (muna,
kenna g!0ggt) ; (3) stingy, close (g.
vi6 gesti).
gl0gg-rynn, a. clever in interpreting
runes ; -skygn, a. sharp-sighted ;
-synn, a. sharp-witted; -saer (-saB,
-ssett), a. (i) clear-sighted; (2) mani-
fest, clear; -f>ekkinn, a. quick to dis-
cern, clear-sighted; -pekkni, f. clear-
sightedness.
gnadd, n. grumbling, muttering.
gnadda(atS), v. to murmur, grumble.
gnaga (aS), v. to gnaw (hestar
gnoguSu beizlin).
gnapa (-ta), v. (i) to jut or stand
out; (2) to stoop or bend forward;
(3) to droop the head.
gnata (ao), v. to clash.
gnautS, n. noise, din, rattle.
gnautSa (atS), v. to rattle, ring.
gnegg, n. neighing.
gneggja (atS), v. to neigh.
gneista (atS), v. to emit sparks.
gneista-fla^ig, f. shower of sparks.
gneisti, m. spark.
gnesta (gnest ; gnast, gnustum ;
gnostinn), v. to crack, clash (gnustu
pd saman vdpnin).
gneypa (-ta, -tr), v. to pinch.
gneypr, a. (i) bent forward, droop'
ing; (2) savage, fierce.
gnifta (aft), v. to rub, scrape.
gnipa, {.peak, jutting pinnacle (on
a beetling mountain).
gnista (-sta, -st), v. (i) g. tonnum,
to gnash the teeth ; (2) to snarl (of
dogs) 5(3) gnistanda frost, biting frost.
gnistan, gnisting, f. gnashing.
gnoga, adv. poet. = gnogliga.
gnog-leikr, m. abundance ; -liga,
adv. abundantly ; -ligr, a. abundant.
gnogr, a. (i) abundant, plentiful,
enough (selveidar gnogar ok fiskifang
mikit) ; at gnogu, sufficiently; ok
vinnst oss pat at gnogu, it is enough
for us ; i gnog, enough (var par vatn
i gnog) ; gnogu (neut. dat.) lengi, long
enough ; (2) g. um e-t, at e-u, richly
furnished with (nu var hann g. orfiinn
um kvikfe).
gnott, f. abundance, plenty (g. fja"r) ;
gera g. spurning (dat.) e-s, to give suf-
ficient answer to one's question.
gnua (gny, gnera or gnpra, gnu-
inn), v. to rub (hann tok til orda ok
gneri nefit).
gniifa (-fta), v. to droop (g. me6
hofSinu).
gnup-leitr, a. stern-looking.
gnupr (-s, -ar), m. peak (= gnipa).
gnyftja (gnytS, gnudda), v. to mut-
ter, grumble (herrinn gnuddi ilia) ; to
grunt (g. mundu nu grisir).
gnyftr (pi. -ir), m. murmur.
gnyja (gny, gnufta, gnuit), v. to
roar (vindar gnyja) ; g. d, to set in
(pd gnuSi hallasri mikit ok vefirdtta
kold).
GNY-MIKIIiL
[169]
GOMR
gny-mikill, a. roaring, stormy.
gnyr (-s, -ir), m. clash, din.
gny-reit$. f. roaring thunder.
gnsefa (-fta, -t), v. to stand up, rise
high, tower '(g. vi6 himin).
gncegr, a. = gnogr.
gnoltra (atS), v. to howl, bark.
gnotra (at5), v. to clatter, rattle.
goft, n. (heathen] god.
gofta-blot, n. sacrifice to the gods ;
-gremi, f. wrath of the gods ; -heill,
n. favour of the gods ; -bus, n. house
of gods, heathen temple ; -reitSi, f. =
go^a-gremi.
go-borinn, pp. god-born ; -domr,
v\. godhead; -ga, f. blasphemy.
gofti, m. heathen priest ; chief (in
Iceland during the republic).
gotS-kunnigr, a. of the kith of gods ;
-malugr, a. skilled in the lore of the
gods ; -mogn, n. pi. divine powers,
deities (g. bau er beir blotuSu).
gotS-oro, n. dignity and authority of
a go8i (go5ord ok manna forrad).
goSoitSs-lauss, a. without a go6or5;
-matSr, m. owner of a go3or6 ; -mal,
n. an action concerning a goSord.
go$-vefr, m. = guSvefr.
gotS-vegr, m. the way of the gods.
goll, n. gold = gull.
gollurr, m. pericardium.
gor, n. the cud in animals.
gor-manat$r, m. the first winter-
month (Oct.-Nov.).
gotnar, m. pi. poet. men.
gotneskr, a. Gothic.
g6(5-brj6sta<5r, a. kind-hearted ;
-fengr, a. good-natured ; -fusliga,
adv. willingly ; -fuss, a. benevolent ;
-fysi, -fyst, f. goodness, good-will;
gipt, f. benefit, charitable deed;
-girnd, -girni, f. = -fysi ; -gjarn, a.
benevolent, kind; -gjarnl'ga, adv.
kindly ; -gjarnligr, a. kind, kindly ;
-gripr , m. costly thing ; -gsefliga, ad v.
gently ; -gset, f. good entertainment ;
-gaeti, n. dainty ; -g0rtS, f. charity ;
-g0rning, f. = -g0r5 ; -gprningr, m.
good deed, charity ; -hattacSr, a. w ell-
mannered; -hjartatSr, 2^.kind-hearted.
gotSi, m. (i) good-will ; (2) profit.
gotS-latr, a. good-natured ; -leikr,
m. goodness ; -lifnatSr, m., -lifi, n.
good life ; -lyndi, n. good nature ;
-lyndr, a. good-natured ; -mannliga,
adv. like a good man ; -mannligr, a.
gentle; -menni, n. a good, gentle man;
-mennska, f. goodness, gentleness ;
-mennt, a. n. good people ; -motliga,
adv. kindly, gently ; -ort5r, a. gentle
in one's words.
oSr (gotS, gott), a. (i}good, morally
commendable (g. ok rettldtr konungr,
g65 kona) ; (^ good, /^//^/(drengrg.);
g.\\\\, good, honest intention ; (3) kind,
friendly ; g. e-m, kind towards one ;
gott gengr pe'r til, thou meanest well ;
gott var f frasndsemi J>eira, they were
on good terms ; vilja e-m gott, to wish
one well ; (4) good, fine, goodly ; g.
hestr, fine horse ; gott ve6r, fine
weather; me6 g66u foruneyti, with
goodly suite ; g66r beini, good cheer;
verda gott til e-s, to get plenty of; var
pa gott til fjar ok mannvirSingar, there
was ample wealth and fame to earn ;
g. af e-u or e-s, good, liberal with a
thing; g. af tf dendum, 0a/ at news,
communicative ; g. af hestinum, will-
ing to lend the horse ; g. af f6, open-
handed; g. T5\2Aax , free with his food.
got5-ra$r, a. giving good counsel;
-raec5i, n. goodness ; -semi, f. = -fysi ;
-verk, n. charitable deed; -vild, f.,
- vili, m. kindness, good-will ; -vilj atSr ,
a. benevolent.
gotSvilja-fullr, a. benevolent, kind;
-matSr, m. benevolent man ; -mikill,
a., full of good-will.
goft-viljugr, a. kind; -virki, n. =
-verk ; -virkr, a. making good work ;
-vsBnliga, adv. = -vaettliga ; -vaen-
ligr, a. promising good; -vsettliga,
adv. amicably ; -yrki, n. = -verk ;
-aBttatSr, a. of good family.
goi, f. the month Goi (from the middle
of February to the middle of March) ;
-beytill, m. a species of horse-tail
(equisetum hyemale].
golf, n. (i) floor\ (2) apartment.
golf-stokkar, m. pi. floor beams;
-bill, n. deal floor.
go-ligr, ^.fine, pretty (-lig or6).
gomr (-s, -ar), m. (l) the roof or
floor of the mouth (efri or neSri g.) ;
e-m berr mart d goma, one talks freely
G6M-SPARRI
of many things ; gaeta tungu i
goma, to keep guard on the tongue,
speak 'warily ; (2) finger-tip (a" hendi
heitir fingr, nagl, gomr).
gom-sparri, m. gag.
goz, n. goods, property.
grat$-f6, n. entire cattle.
gratSr, a. entire, not castrated.
gratSungr (-s, -ar), m. bull.
grafa (gref; grof, grofum ; graf-
inn), v. (i) to dig (g. grof) ; g. torf, to
dig peat ; fig. to seek out the sense of (g.
visu) ; (2) to earth, bury (g. lik) ; (3) to
carve, engrave (d0kkr steinn i ok
grafit d. innsigli) ; (4) to inlay ; fagr
a liti, sem J> er filsbein er grafit i eik,
as when ivory is set in oak 5(5) impers.
to suppurate (laerit tok at g. bseQi uppi
ok niori); (6) with preps., g. at e-u,
eptir e-u, to inquire into, try to find
out; also refl., grafast eptir e-u; g.
ni5r, to dig down ; svd kyrr sem hann
vaeri grafinn nidr, as if he had been
rooted in the ground ; g. til e-s, to dig
for (g. til vatns) ; g. um e-t = g. eptir
e-u ; grof hann svd undir J>eim, at, he
sounded them so that ; g. e-t upp, to
find out.
graf-alr, m. burin, graver.
grafar-bakki, m. verge of a grave ;
-gprc5, f. digging of a grave; -loekr, m.
a brook which has dug itself a deep bed.
graf-silfr, n. hidden treasure ; -tol,
n. pi. digging tools.
gramendr, m. pi. the angry gods.
gramr, a. wroth, angry (g. e-m) ;
gramir, m. pi., grom, (viz. god), n. pi.
used as SM\IS\.., fiends, demons; (gramir
munu taka f>ik) ; deili grom vid J)ik,
the fiends bandy words with thee.
gramr (-s, -ir), m. king, warrior.
grana-har, n. whiskers (cf. * gron ')
grand, n. hurt, injury (gera, vinna,
e-m grand).
granda (aft), v. to injure^ do harm
(engi grandaSi odrum).
grand-lauss, a. guileless ; -ligr, a.
dangerous, injtirious ; -varr, a. guile-
less ; -veri, f. guilelessness.
granna, f., granni, m. neighbour.
grann-leikr, m. slenderness ; -leitr,
a. thin-faced; -ligr, a. slim, slender of
build (ungr ok grannligr voxt).
[170]
GRAR
grannr, a. thin, slender.
grann-vaxinn, pp. slender, slim of
figure (heir d voxt ok g.).
gran-rauo*r, a. red-bearded; -selr,
m. bearded seal; -si$r,a. long-bearded;
-stostSi, n. the bearded part of the face,
the upper lip.
graptar-dagr, m. burial-day ; -kirk-
ja, f. a church with a burying ground;
-reitr, -statSr, m. burial-place.
gras, n. grass, herbage, herb.
grasatSr, pp. prepared with herbs.
gras-dalr, m. grassy dale ; -garfcr,
m. garden ; -geilar, f. \>\. grassy lanes;
-gott, a. n. with good crop of grass ;
-groenn, a. grass-green ; -lauss, a.
grassless ; -leysa, f., -leysi, j\. failure
of grass ; -loSinn, a. thick with grass ;
-lotSna, f. grassy spot ; -lasgr, a. lying
in the grass ; -mikill, a. rich in grass ;
-rostr, f. pi. roots of herbs or grass ;
-sott, f. grass-fever; -to, f. grassy
spot among cliffs ; -vollr, m. grassy
field; -voxtr, m. growth of grass.
grautar-dili, m. porridge-spot (on
the body) ; -ketill, m. porridge-pot ;
-sott, f. ' porridge-fever* '; -trog, n.,
-try gill, m. porridge-trough ; -J>vara,
f. porridge-stick.
grautr (gen. -ar), m. porridge.
gra-bildottr, a. with grey-spotted
cheeks, of a sheep ; -bjorn, m. grey
bear, opp. to ' hvftabjorn ' ; -blar, a.
grey-blue.
graSa, f. step; fig. degree.
gratSi, m. gentle breeze.
graSi, m. step, degree = graSa.
graftr, m. greed, hunger.
gracSugr, a. greedy (g. ormr).
gra-eygr, a. grey-eyed ; -gas, f . wild
goose; -klseddr, pp. grey-clad ; -koll-
ottr, a. grey and without horns ;
-kufl, m. grey cowl; -leikr, m. malice;
-leitr, a. pale-looking; -liga, adv.
with malice ; -ligr, a. malicious ;
-lyndr, ^..spiteful, malicious ; -munkr,
m. grey friar.
gran a (atJ), v. to become grey, fig. to
grow rough (tekr at g. gamanit).
gran-stotS, n. stud of grey horses ;
grar (gra, gratt), a. (\] grey (i grdm
kyrtli) ; g. fyrir haerum, grey-haired;
[171]
GREIP
gra"tt silfr, bad silver', (2) spiteful,
malicious; J>6 at i brjosti gratt bui,
although bearing malice in the heart.
gra-rendr, a. grey-striped ; -silfr,
n. grey (bad} silver', -skinn, n. grey
fur\ -skyjaor, a. covered with grey
clouds ; -steinn, m. a grey stone (til
grasteins bins mikla).
grata (graat ; gret, gr6tum ; grat-
inn), v. (i) to weep; g. hdstofum, to
weep aloud; (2) to bewail, weep for
one (Jni graetr g66an mann).
gratan-ligr, a. tearful.
grat-fagr, a. beaiitiful in tears ;
feginn, a. weeping for joy.
gratinn, pp. tearful.
grat-ligr, a. pitiable, deplorable.
gratr, m. weeping; setr grt at e-m,
one bursts into tears.
grat-raust, f. tearful voice; -stokk-
inn, pp. bathed in tears.
gra-vara, f. grey fur (harm hafSi
fengit d fjallinu mikla graVoru).
grefta (-fta, -ft), greftra fat5), v. to
bury fereftraSr at fornum sid).
greioa (-dda, -ddr), v. (i ) to unravel,
disentangle, arrange ; g. Mr, to comb
or dress the hair; greiddi hon ha"rit
frd augum ser, she stroked back the
hair from her eyes ; (2) to make or get
ready (g. segl) ; g. til va6, to get ready
afishing-line ; g. til um vpn, to get the
weapons ready ; (3) to speed, further
(g. ferd e-s) ; refl., greiddist honum
vel, it sped well with him, he got on
well ; (4) to pay (g. fe af hendi) ; g.
fram, to pay out ; (5 ) to discharge, per-
form ; g. skirslu af hondum, to perform
the ordeal; g. vord, to keep watch ;
g. r63r, to piill at the oars ; g. atrodr,
g. til atlb'gu, to attack (in a sea-fight) ;
g. ml, to settle a case.
greio-fara, a. indecl. walking with
speed; -fcerr, a. passable, easy to
pass (J>ar var eigi -fcert) ; -gengr, a.
= -foerr (eigi er her -gengt).
greitSi, m. (i) disentanglement, ar-
rangement ; gera greiSa a mdlinu, to
put the case right; skipaSist litt til
greiSa med f>eim, nothing was settled
between them ; (2) entertainment, ac-
commodation ; gera e-m greida, to give
one entertainment.
greifc-liga, adv. (i) readily, prompt-
ly ; (2) quite ; -liga berr, completely
stripped ; (3) downright, actually (J)6
at enrir menn baeri vapn d. mik -liga).
greift-ligr, a. ( i ) ready, prompt ; var
songrinn eigi -ligr, the song did not
go smoothly ; (2) clear, plain (-lig or5).
grei<5-maBltr, pp. of ready speech.
greicSr (greitS, greitt), a. (i) clear,
free from obstacles (grei6 leid, gata) ;
(2) ready to serve (g66r ok grei6r vid
alia sina ndgranna).
grei6-skapr, m. (i) readiness t
promptness ; (2) entertainment.
greitSala, f. = greizla.
greifi, m. earl, count.
grein (pi. -ir), f. (i) branch (of a
tree), division ; (2) point, head, part
(i ollum greinum) ; 1 annarri g., in the
second place ; (3) cause, reason ; fyrir
J)a" g., therefore ; (4) distinction ; sjd
g. handa, to discern one^s hands ; gera
g. a" e-u, to explain ; (5) understanding,
discernment ; g!0ggrar greinar, sharp-
witted ; (6) dissent, discord (var6 mart
til greina me6 J)eim) ; vald fyrir utan
alia g., undisputed (absolute) power.
greina (-da, -dr), v. (i) to divide
into parts (veroldin var greind i J)rjdr
hdlfur) ; (2) to discern, distinguish
(g. gang himintun^la) ; (3) to expound,
tell, record ; sem a5r er greint, as is
told above ; sem sidarr greinir, as will
be told hereafter; (4) impers., menn
(ace.) greinir a, they disagree, quarrel ;
(5) refl., greinast, to branch out, be
separated (sva sem tungurnar grein-
dust); g. & e-u, at e-u, to disagree
about; impers., tok at g. me6 J>eim
kumpdnum, they began to quarrel.
greina-mikill, a. sensible, clever.
greinar-laust, a. n. (i) indiscrimin-
ately ; (2) unconditionally; -mal, n.
reasonable case.
greina-vsenn, a. likely to cause a
difference or dissension.
greini-liga, adv. distinctly ; -ligr,
a. distinct, clear.
greining, f. distinction.
greiningar-vit, n. discernment.
greip (pi. greipr), f. the space between
the thumb and the other Jingers (kom
b!66 hond f>6ri ok rann upp greip-
GREIZLA
[172]
QRIPB
ina) ; 6g., koma, ganga i greipr e-m,
to fall into one's clutches.
greizla, f. payment, discharge.
gremi, f. wrath, anger.
gremja (grem, grarnda, gramit), v.
to anger, provoke, exasperate (gremdu
eigi go5 at J>er) ; refl., gremjast e-m,
to be angry with.
gren (gen. pi. grenja), n. lair of a
fox or wolf (sem melrakki i greni).
grenja (a$), v. to hoivl, bellow.
grenjan, f. howling, bellowing.
grennast (d), v. refl. to become thin.
grennd, f. vicinity.
grennslast (acS), v. refl. to inquire.
gren-skolli, m. a fox in its earth.
grepp-ligr, a. frowning, ugly.
greppr (-s, -ar), m. (i) poet, scald',
(2) doughty man.
grepta, greptra, see grefta, greftra.
gres-jarn, n. iron wire.
gretta(-tta, -tt), v., g. sik 0rgrettast,
to frown, make a wry face.
grey (gen. pi. greyja), n. (i) bitch ;
(2) paltry fellow, coward.
grey-baka, f. = grey (i).
greyfa (-tJa, -$r), v. to bend down
with the face to the ground.
grey-hundr, m. bitch ; -mennaka, f.
paltriness, meanness.
greypa (-ta, -tr), v. to groove.
greypi-liga, adv. fiercely ; -ligr, a.
fierce, fearful.
greyp-leikr, m. fierceness ; -ligr,
a. greypiligr.
greypr, a. fierce, fearful.
grey-skapr, m. = -mennska ; -stoft,
n.pack of hounds.
grift, n. (i) domicile, home', (2) pi.
truce, peace, pardon, quarter ; setja g.,
to make truce ; segja i sundr griflum,
to dissolve the truce ; lifs g. ok lima,
safety for life and limbs', beiSa (ser)
grifia, to sue for quarter; beifla gri5a
Baldri fyrir alls konar hdska, to seek
protection for B. against all kinds of
harm ; gefa e-m g., to give one quarter;
ganga til griSa, to accept pardon.
grifta-brek, n. pi. breach of truce ;
-gjof, f. granting truce ; -lauss, a.
without truce, truceless ; -mark, n.
sign of truce ; -mal, n. pi. truce formu-
laries ; -rof, n. pi. breach of truce ;
-settling, f. truce-making; -statfr, m.
sanctuary, asylum.
grift-bitr, m. = -niSingr.
grifti, m. servant.
grifrka, f., grifc-kona, f. housemaid ',
female servant.
grift-matSr, m. male servant.
gritS-mal, n. pi. = gridamal ; -nit5-
ingr, m. truce-breaker ; -sala, f. a
granting truce ; -samr, a. peaceful.
griftungr (-s, -ar), m. = gradungr.
grift- vist, f. lodging, home.
Grikkir (gen. -ja), m. pi. Greeks.
Grikk-land,n. Greece; Grikklands-
haf, n. the Grecian Archipelago.
grikkska, f. Greek (language}.
grikkskr, a. Greek, = girskr.
grimmast (d and aft), v. to chafe, be
furious (g. moti gudi).
grimmd, f. (i) grimness, fierceness;
(2) = grimmdarfrost.
grimmdar-frost, n. biting frost;
-hugr, m. hostile mind.
frimm-eygr, a. fierce-eyed; -hug-
r, a. in a grim humour; -leikr,
m. savageness, cruelty; -liga, adv.
fiercely ; hefna -liga, to take a fearful
revenge ; -ligr, a. fierce, fearful ;
-lundaSr, a. of grim temper.
grimmr, a. ( i ) grim, stern, dire ;
grdta grimmum tdrum, to weep bitter
tears ; g. domr, severe judgement; (2)
wroth ; sv var hon grimm orfiin
Brjani konungi, at, she hated him so
much, that.
grimm-utJigr, a. ferocious, fierce
(-udigr i skapi).
grind (pi. grindr and grindir), f. (i)
a gate made of spars or bars, a fence ;
(2) \>\. pen, fold (fe byrgt i grindum) ;
fullar grindir, full-stocked folds;
(3) haven, dock (liggja i grindum, of
ships] ; (4) store-houses.
grind-hliS, n. barred gate.
gripa-auftigr, a. rich in precious
things ; -gjald, n. payment in precious
things ; -kista, f . jewel chest ; -taka,
f. se.zure of property.
grip-deild, f. robbery, rapine.
gripr (-ar, -ir), m. (i) costly thing,
valuable treasure, property \ (2) value,
monef s worth ; enn J)ri6ja hlut d
hann, f>ann er mikill g. er i, that is of
GRIPR
[173]
GRUNN-HYG GINN
great value ; epli >au, er henni munu
gripir i pykkja, apples which she will
think of great value.
gripr, m. vulture (rare).
griftr (gen. -ar), {.giantess.
grima, f . ( i ) a kind of covering for
the face or the head, a mask or cowl
(hafa grimu fyrir andliti, d hofSi ser) ;
(2) armour covering a horse's head
and breast '; (3) beak (on a ship) ; (4)
night (poet.).
grirnu-maftr, m. a masked or dis-
guised man.
gripa (grip ; greip, gripum; grip-
inn), v. (i) to grasp, seize (hann greip
sverflsittokskjb'ld); (2) toseizeupon(%.
goz fyrir monnum); (3) with preps. ,g. d
e-u, to catch hold of(H. greip a stafni) ;
g. d kylinu, to touch upon a sore place ;
g. til e-s, to seize (g. til sverQsins) ;
greiphundrinntil hans, the dog snapped
at him ; g. upp, to catch up (Loki greip
upp miida stong) ; g. vid ordi, to com-
mence speaking.
grisa-syr, f. a sow iviih pigs.
griss (gen. griss, pi. grisir), m. (i)
young pig; (2) hog.
grjar, a. grey (poet., rare).
grjot, n. stones ; verda at grjoti, to
be turned into stones ; bera g. a e-n,
berja e-n grjoti, to stone one.
grjot-berg 1 , n. quarry ; -bjorg, n. pi.
rocks ; -burtSr, m. throwing of stones ;
flaug, f. stone shower ; -flutning, f.
conveyance of stones ; -hlatS, n. stone
wall; -holl, m. stone mound, stone
heap ; -hritS, f. shower of stones ;
-horgr, m. = -holl ; -kast, n. throwing
stones; -klettr, m. boulder; -ligr, a.
stony, flinty ; -nidi, i. gravel, pebbles ;
-pall, m. in the phr., vera -pall fyrir
e-Uj to be t/ie chief supporter (mainstay]
of; -skruSa, f. stone-slip ; -smi<5r,
m. stone-mason ; -varc5i, m. cairn of
stones ; -veggr, m. stone wall.
groa (groer, greri, groinn), v. (i)
to grow (of vegetation); jor3 grcer,
earth giows; pa var grund groin
groenum lauki, the ground was covered
with green herbs; (2) to grow together,
become joined to (hofud konun^s var
groit vi5 bolinn) ; (3) of wounds, to be
healed (sar hans greru seint) ; Ingolfr
U i sarum vetr J)enna, ok greri yfir
at kalla, his wounds were healed in
a way ; of the person, groinn sa>a
sinna, healed of one's wounds ; g. um
heilt, to be quite healed; fig. to be
reconciled (gioer um heilt med J)eim).
grotSi, m. growth, increase.
groftr (gen. -rar, pi. -rar), m. growth,
crop (biota til groSrar).
grotSrar-ligr, a.. fertile; heating:
grotSr-samr, a. fertile ; -setja (see
setja), v. to plant; -vaenligr, a.
healing (-vasnlig smyrsl).
grof, f . pit.
grom-lauss, a. free from spot.
gromr, m. blot, dirty spot.
grufla (at5), v. to grovel on all-fours.
gruggottr, a. muddy, turbid.
gruna (a<5), v. (i) to suspect, mis-
trust (Grettir grunaSi hann) ; vera
grunadr um e-t, to be suspected of;
12) to doubt (ekki grunum ver illvilja
ydvarn) ; (3) to suppose, guess (gruna
ek, at fjolmenni muni fyrir); (4) im-
pers., mik grunar e-t or um e-t, /
suspect, doubt.
grunan, f. suspecting, suspicion.
grun-brusligr, a. suspicious-look-
ing (>u ert g. ma5r).
grund (pi. -ir), i. green field, grassy
plain (ca grundinni hji f>vera).
grunda (a^j, v. to meditate on.
grundan, f. meditation.
grundr, m. inquiry ; gefa (grafa)
grund at e-u, to inquire into.
grund-valla (atS), v. to found; -vollr,
m. ground for a building (marka -voll
til huss, kirkju); foundation; reisa
hus af -velli, to make a building from
the ground.
grun-lauss, a. unsuspecting; trua
gu5i -laust, to put absolute faith in
God; vera -lauss af e-u, to be un-
suspected, above suspicion ; -maurar,
m. pi., only in the phrase, e-n bita
-maurar, one suspects.
grunn, n. shallow, shoal; roa a* g.,
to run aground.
grunn-eygc5r, a. goggle-eyed; -fall,
n. a breaker on a shoal; -fastr, a. fast
aground ; -foeri, n. pi. anchor-tackle,
cable ; draga upp -foeri, to weigh
anchor; -hygginnj a. shallow-minded*
GBUNN-HYGNI
[174]
GROSUGR
silly; -hygni, f. silliness; -leitr, a.
thin-faced.
grunnr (-s, -ar), m. bottom (of sea
or water) ; til grunns, til grunna,
down to the bottom ; ganga d grunn,
to come to an end (fig.).
grunnr (grynnri, grynnstr), a.
shallow ; standa grunnt, to be shallow
(vindtta okkur stendr grunnt).
grunn-stiglatSr, pp. hard frozen ;
-sal, f. simplicity, credulity ; -saeliga,
adv. foolishly ; -saligr, a. foolish ;
-saer.a. shall ow-witted, foolish ; -saevi,
n. shallow water; -uoigr, a. shal-
low-minded ; -yt5gi, f. shallowness of
mind, credulity.
grunr (-ar, -ir), m. suspicion, doubt,
uncertainty (e-m er grunr d e-u) ;
grafa grun d (um e-t), to suspect ; hafa
grun d e-m um e-t, to suspect one of a
thing ; e-m leikr grunr a um e-t, one
feels suspicious about a thing ; draga
gruni a um e-t, to conceive a suspicion
of; renna grunum a e-t, to doubt, to
guess at ; bua um grun, to be suspected.
grun-samligr, a. suspicious-looking ;
-sarnr, a. suspected (hafa e-n -saman) ;
-semd, f. suspicion.
grunsemdar-lauss, a. free from
suspicion.
griifa (-tSa, -t), v. to grovel, to cower
or crouch down (hann grufSi at eldi-
num ; J>eir grufa i skjoldu sma).
grufa, f., in the phrase, liggja a grufu,
to lie face down, on one's belly.
gryfja, f. hole, pit.
grynna (-ti, -t), v. impers. to become
shallower; grynnir dalinn, the dale
became less deep ; refl., grynnast =
grynna (J)d er grynntist yfir at landinu).
gryfi-liga, adv. hideously.
gryjandi, f. dawn (rare).
gryla, f. (i) giantess; (2) bugbear
(ekki hirfii ek um grylur y6rar).
gryta (-tta, -ttr), v. (i) to stone one
to death (g. e-n i hel, til bana) ; (2) g.
a e-n, at e-m, to pell one with stones.
gryta, f. pot.
gryting, f. stoning (to death).
gryttr, a. stony.
grytu-ker, n. earthen pot.
gr83$, f. malice, hostility (=gra"leikr).
i, f . greediness, gluttony.
graeska, f. malice (= grasS).
grcetSa (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to make
grow ; (2) to heal (g. sa>, g. sjuka) ;
(3) to increase; g. fe, to make money ;
refl., vindrinn groaddist, the wind in-
creased; grcedist e-m ii, peningar one
makes money.
groscSari, m. healer, saviour.
grce(5l-ligr, a. healable.
groet$ing, f. (i) growth, increase
(byrr var f grce&ngu) ; (2) healing,
cure (g. sotta ; andlig g.).
grosf'r, a._/f/ to be buried.
groenast (-d), v. to become green
(groenist jor5).
groen-fainn, a. green-stained.
groen-leikr, m. greenness, verdure.
Grcen-lendingr, m. Greenlander.
grcen-lenzkr, a. of or belonging to
Greenland (Greenland).
grcenn, a. ( i ) green (g. sem gras) ;
(Afresh (g. fiskr) ; ($} good, fit; sa"
mun nu grosnstr (the most hopeful
choice] at segja satt.
groen-to, f. tuft of grass ; -tyrfa
(-tSa, -t$r), v. to cover with green turf.
grceta (-tta, -ttr), v. to make one
weep, distress one ; grcettr, grieved.
groati, n. pi. tears, sorrow.
groeti-ligr, a. lamentable, sad.
groetir, m. one who makes another
weep (gygjar g.).
grof (gen. grafar ; pi. grafir and
grafar), f. (i) pit, ditch (grafa g.) ;
(2) grave ; pat mein leiddi hann til
grafar, caused his death.
groftr (gen. graftar and graftrar,
dat. grefti and greftri), m. (i) dig-
ging (vera at grefti) ; (2) burial,
interment ; veita e-m groft, to bury ;
(3) tomb; (4) carving.
gron (gen. granar, pi. granar), f. (i)
the hair on tJie upper lip, moustache
(svd ungr, at eigi mun g. sprottin) ;
(2) lip ; leg^u munn vi6 g., lay thy
mouth to his lips ; e-m bregSr va
fyrir g., one is startled, alarmed;
bregfla gronum, to draw back the
lips, grin ; in pi. the lips of a cow
or bull.
gron (gen. granar), f. pine-tree.
groptr (gen- graptar), m. = groftr.
grosugr, a. grassy, grass-grown.
GUB
[175]
GUNNAR-GJARN
, m. (and n.), God.
gucSdom-ligr, a. god-like, divine.
gutS-domr, m. godhead, divinity ;
-dottir, f. god-daughter \ -fatSir, m.
godfather ; -gefinn, pp. given by
God, inspired; -hrseddr, a. god-
fearing ; -hrsezla, f. fear of God ;
-lasta (atS), v. to blaspheme ; -lastan,
f. blasphemy ; -latr, a. ungodly ;
leysi, n. godlessness ; -ligr, a. #</-
//<?, divine ; -magn, n. = godmagn ;
-nioingr, m. traitor to God, apostate,
renegade.
guftnitSing-skapr, m. apostasy.
gutS-rettligr, a. ng^/^wjj-raBkiligr,
-rfflkr, a. ungodly, -roekiliga, adv.
piously ; -roekinn, a. pious ; -sifi
(gen. -sifja), m. ''gossip', godfather;
-siijar, f. pi. spiritual relationship,
sponsorship ; veita e-m -sifjar, to be
a sponsor (godfather] to.
gut$3-16g, n. pi. the canon law (halda
-log ok landsins).
gutS-spjall, n. gospel; -spjalligr,
a. evangelical.
gu6vefjar-kla9t$i, n. pi. a suit of
clothes made of gudvefr ; -kyrtill, m.,
-skikkja, f. kirtle tf/'guSvefr.
gutS-vefr, m. a costly fabric used for
garments, etc. ; 1 velvet.
gufa, f. vigour, steam.
gugna (ao), v. to lose heart, quail.
gul, n. gentle breeze, gol.
gula, f. (i) = gola ; (2) = gulusott.
gul-bruna$r, ^yellow-brown ; -grar,
a. yello%v-grey ; -gromn, a. yellow-
green (i gulgroenum kyrtli).
gull, n. (i] gold; (2) = fingrgull.
gull-aldr, m. golden age ; -auftigr,
a. rich in gold ; -auSr, m. wealth in
gold; -band, n. golden head-band;
-baugr, m. gold ring; -bitlaftr, a.
golden-bitted; -bitull, m. bit (bridle}
of gold; -bjartr, a. bright as gold;
-boka (aS), v. to embroider in gold;
bola, f. (i ) gold boss ; (2) golden bull
(bulla aurea) ; -brynja, i. golden coat
of mail ; -buinn, pp. ornamented
with gold; -bollr, m. golden ball;
-dalkr, m. gold pin ; -festr, f. gold
chain; -fjallatSr, pp. embroidered in
gold ; -goftr, a. of pure gold ; -gorr,
a. made of gold; -hai?r. a. skilled in
working gold; -halsar, m. pi. gold-
necks, lordlings ; -harr, a. golden-
haired; -hella, f. bar of gold; -hjalt,
n. gold hilt ; -hjalmr, m. golden hel-
met; -hlatS, n. gold lace (esp. to tie
up the hair with) ; -hlaftinn, pp.
laced with gold; -hringr, m. gold
ring ; -hu.3, n. jewel-chest ; -hyrndr,
a. golden-horned.
gullin-bursti, m.gold-mane ; -hjalti,
m. golden-hilt (a sword with a hilt of
gold) ; -kambi, m. gold comb.
gullinn, a. golden.
gull-knappr, m. gold button ; gold
knob; -knutr, m. gold knot ; -korona,
i. golden crown ; -leggja (see leggja),
v. to lace with gold ; -ligr, a. golden,
of gold; -mal, n. inlaid figure of
gold ; -men, n. gold 'necklace ; -mitSl-
andi, m. distributor of gold ; -nisti,
n. gold pin ; -ofinn, pp. gold-woven ;
-rekinn, pp. inlaid with gold (-rekit
spjot) ; -rendr, a. gold-striped ; -rit-
inn, pp. written in gold; -rotSinn,
pp. gilt; -saumatSr, pp. embroidered
with gold; -settr, ^.gold-mounted;
-skillingr, m. gold shilling ; -skot-
inn, pp. woven with gold; -skor,
m. gold shoe ; -smeittr, pp., -smeltr,
pp. gold-enamelled (of a shield) ;
-smiftr, m. goldsmith ; -smitS, f.
goldsmith's work, working in gold;
-spann, m. (i) gold ornament (on
ships) ; (2) gold spoon ; -sproti, m.
gold sceptre ; -stafatSr, pp. gold-
striped; -stafp, m. golden letter;
-steindr, pp. gilt ; -stong, f. bar of
gold ; -sylgja, f. gold brooch ; -tafla,
f. golden piece (used in playing) ;
-teinn, m. golden rod; -vafiftr, pp.
wound with gold ; -veggr, m. golden
wall; -vitSjar, f. pi. gold withies;
-vondr, m. golden wand.
gulr, a. yellow (gult silki).
gul-rendr, a. gold-striped. (
gulu-sott, f . jaundice.
gumi (pi. gumar), m. man (poet.).
gunmar, m. pi. men (poet.) ; gumna
synir, the sons of men.
gumpr, m. bottom, fundament.
gumsa (atS), v. to scoff at, mock.
gunnar-fuas, -gjarn, a. eager for
battle.
[176]
GCEBINGR
gunn-fani, m. * gonfanon ', war-
banner ; processional banner.
gunn-heilagr, a. invulnerable ;
-hvatr, a. warlike.
gmmr (gen. -ar, dat. and ace. -i),
f. war, battle (poet.).
gunn-tamitSr, pp. used to war.
guss, n. fuss; gussa (a(5), v. to
make fuss and noise.
gusta (atS), v. to blow in gusts.
gust-illr, a. having foul breath ;
-kaldr, a. gusty, chilly (veflrit var
gustkalt) ; -mikill, a. gusty.
gustr, m. (i) gtist; (2) smell.
Gy$inga-land, n. Palestine ; -skirn,
f. circumcision.
gy (Sing-ligr, a. Jewish.
Gyftingr (-s, -ar), m.Jew.
gytSja, f. (i) goddess ; (2) priestess.
gylfra, f. (i) ogress, witch', (2) er
J>at helzt vi6 ordi, at gylfrum gangi
vindttan, it is rumoured that your
friendship is all gone to the dogs.
gylla (-da, -dr and -ta, -tr), v. to
gild', g. holi, to flatter.
gylling, f. (1} gilding ; (2) pi. vain
Praise (fara me6 gyllingar).
gylta, f ., gyltr, f. young sow.
gymbill, m. he-lamb.
gymbr (gen. -rar), f. ewe-lamb.
gyrfta (-t5a, -$r), v. (i) to gird
(with a belt) ; g. sik, to gird oneself,
fasten one's belt (cf. gyror i brcekr);
g. sik med sverfii, to gird on a sword ;
(2) to %irth (g. best, g. so'Sul).
gyrftill, m. (i) girdle ; (2) purse
(hon let f&t i gyrSilinn).
gyrja, v. to stain with blood.
gys, n., gyss, m. mocking ; gera gys
at e-u, to mock at a thing.
gyzki, m. wonder (rare).
gygr (gen. -jar, pi. -jar), f. giantess,
hag (bar bjo ein gygr).
gffifa, f. good luck ; bera gaefu til e-s,
to have luck in a thing.
gfflfr, a. quiet, meek ; bat er me'r ok
gaefast, that is most pleasant to me.
gaBfu-drjugr, a. lucky ; -fatt, a. n.,
e-m er -fdtt, one has little luck ;
-hlutr, m. share of good hick ; -lauss,
a. luckless ; -leysi, n. lucklessness ;
-macSr, m. lucky man ; -mannligr,
a. as a lucky man ; -mikill, a. having
great luck; -munr, m. difference in
luck ; -raun, f. trial of luck ; -sam-
liga, adv. luckily ; -samligr, a.
lucky ; -skipti, n. turn or change
of luck ; -skortr, m. want of luck ;
-vant, a. n. wanting in luck.
gfflgjast (5), v. refl. to bend eagerly
forward and peep.
gaer, adv. only with the prep. /; (i)
yesterday (var-a bat nu ne i gaer) ;
(2) poet, to-morrow (bott nu edr i
gasr deyjum).
gasra, f. sheepskin with the wool on.
gaer-dagr, m. yesterday ; -kveld,
n. yesterday evening.
gffita (-tta, -tt), v. (i) to watch, take
care of, guard, with gen. ; g. skoklasfia
e-s, to take care of one's shoes ; g.
dura i hollinni, to guard the door of
the hall ; g. kua, hesta, to tend cows,
horses ; g. doma, to observe justice ;
g. raSsins, to take heed to the advice ;
g. til e-s, to mind, take care of, attend
to (sva gasttu peir til, at ekki var5 at) ;
(2) refl., ok um bat gaettust, and took
counsel together.
gseti-liga, adv. heedfully.
gastinn, a. heedful, wary.
gsetir, m. keeper, warder.
geetti, n. door-frame, door-post ;
hur5 var a" g., the door was ajar.
gsetur, f. pi., hafa g. a" e-u, gefa g.
at e-u, to take care of, mind.
gcezla, f. watch, keeping.
gaBzlu-engill, m. guardian angel \
-lauss, a. unguarded; -ma&r, m.
keeper ; -sott, f. an illness which in-
volves watching over the patient.
goefta (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to endow,
enrich (g. e-n ok virdingu) ; (2) to
increase ; g. ras, fer3, to quicken the
pace ; g. rodrinn, to quicken the stroke,
Pull quicker ; adding the prep, a ; sva
mikit goeddi betta a, it increased so
much, went to such a pitch ; var bd
nokkuru heimskari en 5r, ef a" md.tti
g., sillier, if possible, than before.
goacSa-lauss, a. void of good things,
barren (goeSalaust land).
gost5i, n. pi. good or profitable things,
boons, emoluments.
goeSingr (-s, -ar), m. nobleman,
ok hans gceSingar).
GCEL
[177]
G0RA, G0RVA
goel, n. = gcelingar-or5.
goela (-da, -dr), v. to comfort, soothe
(ver6 ek mik gcela).
gceling, f. soothing\ goelingar-orft,
n. pi. soothing words.
goezka, f. (i) goodness , kindness ;
(2) good things ( = goeSi).
goezku-fullr, a. full of goodness,
merciful ; -lauss, a. merciless ; -sam-
ligr, a. good, kind; -verk, n. charit-
able deed.
gofga (aft), v. (i) to worship (g.
go6) ; (2) to honour -(g. drottins-dag).
gofgan, f. worshipping.
gofgari, m. worshipper.
gofug-kvendi, n. noble woman,
lady ; -latr, a. worshipful, generates ;
-leikr, m. worshipfulness, highness ;
ligr, a. (i ) worshipful, noble-looking ;
(2) magnificent (-ligr sta5r) ; -menni,
n. noble, worshipful man ; -xnennr,
a. wz'M many worshipful men.
gofugr (gofgari, gofgastr), a. noble,
worshipful (g. at kyni).
g0gn, g0gnum, see ' gegn, gegnum'.
goltr (gen. galtar, dat. gelti; pi.
geltir), m. boar, hog.
gong, n. ip\. passage (or kastala voru
gong upp i kirkju).
gongu-drykkja, f. drinking-bout ;
-foeri, n. = gang-foeri ; -foerr, a. able
to walk ; -kona, f. vagrant woman ;
-li(5, n. (i) footmen, infantry, (2)
help, assistance.
gongull, a. running much about.
gongu-maftr, a. beggar, vagrant ;
-mannliga, adv. beggarlike, beggarly;
-sveinn, m. vagrant, tramp.
g0r, n. "$&&.. flock.
g0ra, g0rva (-5a, -ftr, and gorr),
v. (i) to make, construct, build (g. bus,
skip, haug) ; g. bok, to write a book ;
(2) to set in order, prepare, perform,
&c. ; g. veizlu, to make a banquet;
g. seid, blot, to perform a sacrifice ;
g. ferS, to make a journey ; g. ra<5
sitt, to make up one's mind; g. ra6
me6 e-m, to take counsel with, advise
one ; (3) to contract (g. vinattu, felag-
skap) ; (4) to grant, render ; g. kost,
to give a choice ; (5) with ace. of an
adj. ; g. sik likan e-m, to make oneself
like to, imitate one ; g. sik re i 6 an, to
ICEL. DICT.
take offence; g. skj6t-k0rit, to make
a quick choice ; (6) to do, act ; g. gott
(illt), to do good (evil) ; hefir hann
marga hluti gort stor-vel til mm, /
have received many great benefits at
his hands; g. e-m gagn, to give help
to one; (7) to do, avail; pat mun
ekki g., that won't do ; ekki g0rir at
dylja, it is no use denying it; (8) to
send, dispatch (hann g0rdi pegar menn
fra" ser) ; (9) to beget (af henni g0r6i
hann hinn fyrsta soninn) ; (10) to
judge or arbitrate in a case (= g.
um ma"l) ; tofx the amount of a flne
(g0r6i Njall hundraS silfrs) ; g. ser
e-t, to adjudge to oneself; (n) with
infin. as an auxiliary verb ; ef hon
g0rdi koma, if she did come ; g0rdit
hon hjufra, she did not wail; (12)
impers. one becomes ; hann g0rSi fol-
van, he turned pale ; ve5r g0r6i
hvast, a gale arose ; hri6 mikla g0r6i
at peim, they were overtaken by a
storm ; mer g0rir svefnhofugt, I grow
sleepy; (13) with preps., g. mikit af
ser, to distinguish oneself; g. e-t af
e-m, to extort (take] from one ; g. e-t
af vi6 e-n, to wrong a person, trans-
gress against one (ek hefi engan hlut
af gort vi5 jpik) ; g. g66an (mikinn)
rom at ma"li e-s, to cheer (praise}
another's speech ; g. at e-u, to mend,
put right (tekr hann knif ok g0rir
at skonum) ; to ^z/(kannt J>u nokkut
g. at slikum meinum) ; hann g0r6i
J)at eina at, er hann a"tti, he did only
what he ought ; slikt g0rir at, er solin
etr, so it happens when one eats sea-
weed; g. at skapi e-s, to conform to
one's wishes ; g. at alitum, to take
into consideration ; g. se"r ugetit at
e-u, to be displeased with ; g. a hluta
e-s, to wrong one, do harm to ; g.
fdleika a" sik, to make oneself look
sad; g. eptir e-m, to send for one;
g. e-t eptir, to imitate; g. rad fyrir
e-u, to suppose ; g. se"r mikit (litit)
fyrir, to make great (small) efforts ;
g. ser e-t hug, to resolve, plan ; g.
ser gott hug, to be easy in mind;
g. milli (a" m.) e-rra, to decide be-
tween ; g. til e-s, to make prepara-
tions for ; g. e-t til, to prepare, make
N
GOR-BCEISTN'
[178]
HAF
ready, dress meat; g. til e-s, to de-
serve a thing ; hvat hafdir bu til gort,
what hadst thou done to deserve it? ;
g. soemdir til e-s, to confer honour
upon one; g. til saka vid e-n, to
transgress against one ; g. um mal,
to arbitrate in a case (f>aer ur6u
mdlalyktir, at f>6r6r skyldi g. um) ;
g. mikit um sik, to make a great
noise ; g. s6r mikit um e-t, to make
much of, admire ; g. upp, to rebuild,
restore (g. upp bus, skla) ; g. e-n
upp, to upset one ; g. e-n utan, to
banish, exile (Flosi var gorr utan) ;
g. e-t vi6 e-n, to do with one (J)d var
um rcett, hvat vid J)d. skyldi g.) ; g.
vi6 e-u, to prevent; (14) refl., g0rast,
to become, arise (J)d g0r5ist hltr) ; sa
atburSr gorSist, it came to pass ; g0rd-
ist me8 >eim felagskapr, they entered
into fellowship ; gorast konungr, to
become king; svd g0rdist, at, it so
happened, that ; impers., nassta gorist
mer kynligt, / feel rather uneasy ;
g0rast ferSar sinnar, to set out for
a journey ; with infin., dr var J)at er
Gudrun g0rdist at deyja, was nigh to
death ; g. f, to occur, happen (sogQu
beir konungi, hvat \ hafdi gorzt) ; g.
til e-s, to set about doing (J)essir menn
hafa gorzt til sva" mikils storrcedis).
gor-boann, a. begging hard, impor-
tunate (g0rast g. vio e-n).
g0r5, f. (i) making, building; (2)
doing, act, deed ; ord ok g0r6ir, words
and deeds ; (3) arbitration, award;
leggja ma"! f g., to submit a case to
arbitration ; taka menn til g0rdar, to
choose umpires ; segja or luka upp g.,
to deliver the arbitration.
g0r(5ar-ma(5r, m. umpire.
gor-farinn, pp. qidtegone, quite lost ;
-hugall, a. very heedful, mindful.
gorla, adv. quite, fully (vita g.).
gorn (pi. garnar and garnir), f.
gorning, f. doing, deed.
g0rninga-hri(5, f. a storm raised by
witchcraft ; -maftr, m. sorcerer.
g0rningar, f. pi. witchcraft, sorcery.
g0rninga-sott, f. sickness caused by
sorcery; -stakkr, m. enchanted jacket;
-vecSr, n. = -hrid ; -vsBttr, f. witch.
g0rningr, m. = g0rning.
gorr, g0rr, gerr (ace. gorvan), a.
and pp. (i) skilled, accomplished (\z\
at ser g.) ; leggja gorva hond d e-t,
to be an adept, a master in a thing ;
(2) ready, willing (g. gull at bjoda) ;
with gen., g. ills hugar, prone to evil ;
skulut J>ess gorvir, be ready for that!
(3) sva gort, so done, so ; ver6a menn
J)at svd gort at hafa, it must be so ;
at svd gorvu, this being the case.
g0rr, adv. compar., g0rst, adv.
superl. more, most fully.
g6r-r8B(5i, n. arbitrary act; -sam-
liga, adv. altogether^ quite.
g0r-semi, -simi (pi. -semar), f.
costly thing, jewel, treasure; -sim-
ligr, a. costly.
gor-toeki, n. unlawful seizure of
another man's property.
g0rva, v. = gera, g0ra.
gorva (g0rva, gerva), adv. quite,
clearly ; muna g. to remember clearly ;
ef J>u g. kannar, if thou search closely;
cf. g0rr, g0rst.
gorv-allr, a. entire, whole.
g0rvi (pi. g0rvar), {.gear, apparel;
-bur, n. store-house.
g0rvi-leikr, m. accomplishments ;
-ligr, a. accomplished, doughty.
gotu-breidd, f. breadth of a road ;
-leysi, n. pathless tract; -nisti, n.
provisions for a journey ; -skar S, n.
a defile with a path through it*
gotva (acS), v. to bury.
gotvaSr, m. slayer(?).
H
hadda, f. pot"hook, pot-handle.
hadd-bjartr, a. light-haired, =
biart-haddadi ; -blik, n. bleaching
the hair.
haddr (-s, -ar), m. a lady's hair.
ha(5na, f. a young she-goat.
haf, n. the sea, esp. the high sea,
ocean ; sigla (la"ta) f h., sigla a" h. ut,
HAP
[179]
HAFA
to put to sea ; hann do i hafi, he died
at sea.
haf, n. lifting (ulikligr til hafs).
hafa (hefi ; haf $a, hof ftum ; haf <5r),
v. (i) to have (f>eir hofdu sjau skip ok
flest stor) ; h. elda, to keep up ajire ;
(2) to hold, celebrate (h. vinaboS, blot,
J)ing) ; (3) to keep, retain (rifu J)aer
vefinn { sundr, ok hafdi hverr J)at er
belt a") ; (4) to use (tvau net eru ny,
ok hafa eigi ho(6 verit) ; ord bau sern
hann hafQi urn haft, which he had
made use of; h. fagrmaeli vi6 e-n,
to flatter one; h. hljodmaeli vi6 e-n,
to speak secretly to one ; h. tvimadi
e-u, to speak doubtfully of a thing ;
h. vi6rmeli um e-t, to use mocking
words ; hann var mjok hafSr vi6 mdl
manna, much used to, versed in, law-
suits ; (5) to have, hold, maintain ;
h. vinattu vi6 e-n,/0 maintain friend"
ship with one ; h. hasttumikit, to run
a great risk ; h. heilindi, to have good
health ; (6) to bring, carry ; h. e-n
heim me 6 ser, to bring one home',
hann hafdi log ut hingat or Noregi,
he brought laws hither from Norway ;
h. sik (to betake oneself] til annara
landa ; (7) to take, carry off; troll
hafi J)ik, the trolls take thee ; (8) to
get, gain, win ; hann hafdi eigi svefn,
he got no sleep ; hefir sd. jafnan, er
haettir, he wins that ventures ; h.
gagn, sigr, to gain victory; h. meira
hlut, to get the upper hand, gain the
day ; h. betr (verr), to get the better
(worse] of it ; h. sitt mdl, to win one's
suit ; h. tafl, to win the game ; h.
erendi, to do one's errand, succeed;
h. bana, to suffer death, to die; h.
usigr, to be worsted; h. godar vi6-
tokur, to be well received; h. tiflindi
af e-m, to get tidings of, or from,
one ; h. scemd, oviroing af e-m, to
get honour, disgrace from one ; with
gen., h. e-s ekki, to fail to catch one
(hann kemst d skog undan, ok hofSu
peir hans ekki) ; ekki munu ver hans
h. at sinni, we shall not catch him at
present; (9) to wear, carry (clothes,
weapons) ; hann hafQi bla~n kyrtil, he
wore a blue kirtle ; h. kylfu i hendi
ser, te have a club in one's hand;
(lo) to behave, do, or fare, so and so*,
esp. with an adv. ; h. vel, ilia, betr,
verr, to behave (do) well, badly, better,
worse ; hafa sik vel, to behave well;
hafa vel, to be well off or happy ; h.
hart, to be in a wretched plight; (n)
with infin., h. at vardveita, to have in
keeping ; h. at selja, to have on sale ;
log hari6 ber at masla, you are right ;
(12) h. e-n nasr e-u, to expose one to
(bii hafdir sva nasr haft oss ufoeru) ;
h. nasr e-u, to come near to, esp.
impers. ; nasr hafSi okkr nu, it was
a narrow escape ; sva" naer hafSi haus-
inum, at, the shot so nearly touched
the head, that; ok er nasr haf5i, at
skipit mundi fljota, when the ship
was on the point of floating; (13) as
an auxiliary verb, in the earliest time
with the pp. of transitive verbs in ace.;
hefir bu hamar um folginn, hast thou
hidden the hammer? ; ek hefi sendan
mann, I have sent a man ; later with
indecl. neut. pp. ; hefir bu eigi set
mik, hast thou not seen me?; (14)
with preps. ; h. e-t at, to do, act ;
hann tok af f>er konuna, en J)u hafdir
ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst
take it tamely ; absol., viltu f>ess
freista, ok vita hvat at hafi, wilt thou
try and see what happens?; h. e-n
at hlifiskildi (skotspoeni), to use one
as a shield (as a target*) ; h. e-n at
hacH, hlatri, to mock, laugh at ; h. e-t
at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught,
take no notice of; h. sakir a e-n, to
have charges against one; h. a ras,
to take to one's heels, run off; h. e-t
eptir, to do or repeat a thing after
one ; h. e-t fram, to produce (vapn
fcorgils voru fram hofS) ; to carry
out, hold forth ; h. mal fram, to pro-
ceed with a suit ; var um buit, en
ekki fram haft, all was made ready,
but nothing done; h. e-t frammi, i
frammi, to use, make use of (h. i
frammi kugan) ; ok oil logmaet skil
frammi hafa, and discharge all one's
official duties; h. e-t fyrir satt, to
hold for true ; eigi em ek bar fyrir
sonnu hafdr, / am not truly aimed at
for that, it is a false charge ; h. e-n
fyrir sokum um e-t, to charge one
HAFANDI
[180]
HAGA
with ; h. i hotum vi5 e-n, to threaten
one; h. e-t me5 hondum, to have in
hand; hofum eigi sigrinn or hendi,
let not victory slip out of our hands ;
h. 6r vi5 e-n, to behave so and so
towards one (hefir pu ilia or haft vi6
mik) ; h. e-t til e-s, to use for (hofSu
peir til varnar skot ok spjot) ; to be a
reason or ground for; ver hyggjum
pat til pess haft vera, at par hafi
menn sezt, we believe the foundation
of the story is that men have been seen
there ; h. mikit (litit) til sins mals, to
have much (little] in support of one's
case ; h. e-t til, to have at hand,
possess ; or5 pau, sem hann hafSi
um haft, the ivords 'which he had
used; keisari hafdi fatt um, did not
say much ; h. e-n undir, to get one
under, subdue one ; h. e-t uppi, to
take (heave] up (h. uppi fceri, net) ;
SkarpheSinn hafSi uppi 0xina, S.
heaved up the axe\ h. flokk uppi, to
raise a party, to rebel ; h. uppi tafl,
to play at a game ; h. e-n uppi, to
bring one to light; h. uppi rcedur, to
begin a discussion ; h. e-t uti, to have
done, finished (h. uti sitt dagsverk) ;
h. vi5 e-m, to be a match for one ; h.
sik vi6, to exert oneself; h. mikit
(litit) vi<5, to make a great (little] dis-
play ; hann song messu ok hafdi mikit
vi5, and made much of it; hann ba6
jarl leita, hann hafSi litit vi6 pat, he
did it lightly ; haf ekki slikt vi6, do
not say so ; haf pu litit vid at eggja
sonu pina, refrain from egging on
thy sons; (15) refl., hafast, to dwell,
abide ; peir hofQust mjok i ferSum,
they spent much of their life in travel-
ling; hafast vel, to do well, thrive
(vaxa ok vel h.) ; h. at, to do ; Lambi
sa hvat Steinarr hafdist at, what he
was doing; h. vi3, to dwell, stay (her
mun ek vi5 hafast) ; h. vel vi5, to bear
oneself well up; h. orS vi5, to speak
to one another.
hafandi, pr. p. being with child.
haf-bara, f. wave ; -fugl, m. sea-
bird; -foerandi, pr. p. sea- going, sea-
worthy ; -gerftingar, f. pi. tremendous
waves ; -gjalfr, n. roar of the sea ;
-gola, f. sea-breeze; -gufa, f. mer-
maid ; -hallt, adv. standing seawards ;
-hrutr, m. sea-ram', -iss, m. drift
ice ; -kaldr, a. cold as the sea ; -leicS,
f. standing seawards ; stefna -Iei3, to
stand seawards ; -leitSis, adv. sea-
wards ; -ligr, a. marine.
hafna (at5), v. to forsake, abandon,
with dat. (h. fornum si5, blotum ok
heidnum goQum) ; kyr hafnadi atinu,
the cow left off eating.
hafnan, f. abandonment, forsaking
(h. heimsins, veraldar).
hafnar-dyrr, f. pi. entrance of a
haven (horn).
hafnar-feldr, m. a shaggy cloak for
everyday use.
hafnar-mark, -merki, n. harbour
mark ; -tollr, m. harbour toll.
hafnar-vatSmal, -vaS, n. plain stuff.
hafn-borg, f. sea borough, sea-port.
haf-nest, n. provisions for a voyage.
hafn-leysa, f., -leysi, n. harbour less
coast ; -ligr, a. harbour-like.
hafr (-rs, -rar), m. he-goat, buck.
hafr-belgr, m. = -staka.
haf-rek, n. wreck, jetsam ; -reka, a.,
-rekinn, pp. tossed or driven about
on the sea.
hafr-staka, f. goafs skin.
haf-rcetSr, a. sea-worthy (hafroeSr
sexasringr).
hafs-botn, m. gulf (firSir ok hafs-
botnar) ; -geil, f. sea-lane.
haf-skip, n. a sea - going ship ;
-skrimsl, n. sea-monster.
hafs-megin, n. the main, high sea.
haf-stormr, m. storm at sea ;
-strambr, m.. fabulous sea-monster.
haft, n. (i) bond, chain; esp. pi.,
hoft, fetters ; sitja i hoftum, to be in
fetters ; halda e-n i hoftum, to keep
one in bonds ; (2) pi., hoft, gods.
hafta, f. female prisoner, bond-
woman (h. ok hernuma).
haftr, m. male prisoner, bondman.
haf-tyrtSill, m. little auk; -velktr,
pp. sea-tossed ; -vitSri, sea-breeze ;
-villa, f. loss of one's course at sea ;
-villr, a. having lost one's course at sea.
haga (a(5), v.(i]to manage, arrange,
with dat. (sva skulu ver h. inngongu
vorri) ; fenu var hagat til gaezlu, the
money was taken into keeping; with
HAGA-BEIT
[181]
HALDA
adv., hvernig skulum veV ba~ til h.,
how shall we arrange it ; h. sva til,
at, to arrange or contrive it so that ;
h. e-m til e-s, to turn i out so and so
for one (bat hagaSi Olafi til mikils
harms); (2) to suit, be suitable (skip
meQ peim farmi, sem ek veit vel hagar
til Islands).
haga-beit, f. grazing ; -garftr, m.
fence round a pasture-field.
hag-fastr, a. grazing constantly on
the same pasture ; -fatt, a. n. short of
grazing (malnytu verdr -fatt).
hag-feldr, a. meet, fit, suitable (ek
mun ber h. ; hagfelt erindi).
hagi, m.. pasture, field for grazing ;
var hestum h. fenginn, the horses were
put out to grass.
hag-jorft, f. pasture land.
hag-keypi, n. good bargain.
hagl, n. hail; -hrift,/. hail-storm.
hag-leikr, m. skill in handicraft.
hagleiks-g0rft, {.fine workmanship ;
-maftr, m. handicraftsman, artist.
hag-liga, adv. skilfully, handily,
neatly, -ligr, a. (i) skilful, handy,
neat ; (2) fit, proper, convenient.
hagl-korn, n., -steinn, m. hail-
stone ; -vindr, m. hail-storm.
hag-myrr, f. pasture marsh.
hag-maltr, a. well-spoken.
hagna (aft), v. to be meet for one ;
hvarum ykkrum hefir betr hagnat,
which of you has had the best luck f
hagnaftr (gen. -ar), m. advantage.
hag-nyta (-tta, -ttr), v. to make use
of, have profit of.
hagr, a. handy > skilful (h. ma6r
tre ok jdrn).
hagr (-3, -ir), m. (i) state, condition,
affairs (hvat er nii um hagi J>ina ?) ;
(2) means (ef hann hefir eigi hag til at
fcera J)au fram) ; (3) favour, advan-
tage ; i hag e-m, to one's advantage ;
at hogum, suitably.
hag-raft, n. opportunity, -raftr, a.
giving wise counsel ; -reefta (-raedda,
-rsB^t), v. to put right (fyrir se'r) ;
reefti, n. service (gera e-m -rsedi) ;
skeytr, a. a good shot ; -skipti, n.
fair bargain ; -spakligr, a. practical,
wise-, -speki, f. forethought^ good
sense ; -stosftr, a. fair t favourable
(-stoeSr byrr) ; -tcekr, a. practical \
-born, -J)yrnir, m. hawthorn.
haka (gen. hoku), f. chin.
hala-broddr, m. point of a tail',
-ferft, f. the rear-, -langr, a. long-
tailed; -tafl, n. a kind of game.
hald, n. ( I ) hold, fastening; (2) keep-
ing in repair (fyrir h. kirkju) ; (3)
support, backing (hann hefir nu h.
mikit af konungi) ; h. ok traust, help
and support in need; koma e-m at
haldi, i hald, to be of use or help to
one; her kemr ilia \ h., it does little
good; (4) custody (Olafr konungr tok
pd vi6 haldi Hrsereks konungsj ; (5)
esteem (vera med e-m i g66u haldi);
(6) keeping, observance (cf. jola-hald,
drottinsdaga hald).
halda (held ; h61t, h61durn ; hald-
inn), v. I. with dat. (i) to hold fast
(Gunnarr var kyrr sva at honum helt
einn ma5r) ; to keep back, restrain
(Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima);
(2)towithhold(h&\di\i boendrgjaldinu);
(3) to keep, retain (pii skalt jafnan
pessu sseti h.) ; to preserve (h. vir6ingu
sinni, lift ok limum) ; h. voku sinni,
to keep oneself awake ; (4) to hold,
keep one's stock ; also ellipt. (vetr var
illr ok heldu menn ilia) ; (5) phrases,
h. njosnum, to keep watch, to spy ( =
h. njosnum til um e-t) ; h. (hendi)
fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before
the eyes, shade the eyes ; h. hendi yfir
e-m, to protect one ; (6) to hold, stand f
steer, ellipt., beir heldu aptr (held back
again \ um haustit; J>eir heldu ut eptir
fir6M, they stood out the firth ; h. heim,
to steer homewards ; (7) to graze, put
in the field (h. fe til haga) ; (S) im-
pers. to continue, last (helt bvi lengi
um vetrinn) ; II. with ace. (i) to hold
in possession, a fief, land, estate (beir
heldu alia hina beztu sta8i med sjo-
num) ; (2) to hold, keep, observe, a
feast, holiday (i hvers minning heldr
pu penna dag?); (3) to keep (h. ord
sin, eic5, sasttir, frifi) ; to observe (h.
guds log ok landsins) ; (4) to uphold,
maintain, support (h. vini sina, h. e-n
til rikis) ; (5) h. sik, to comport oneself
(kunna h. sik mefl hofi) ; h. sik rik-
mannliga, to fare sumptuously; h. sik
HALDA
[182] HALIiAR-BtJNINGR
aptr af e-u, to abstain from ; (6) to
hold, consider, deem (hon he'll engan
bans jafningja); (7) to hold, keep
up; h. varnir, to keep up a defence',
h. vord, to keep ivatch', (8) to hold,
compel, bind (heldr mik ])d ekki til
utanferSar) ; 6 heldr f>ik vdrkunn til
at leita a, thou hast some excuse for
trying', III. with preps., h. d e-u, /0
hold, wield in the hand (h. d sverSi) ;
/<? hold to a thing, go on 'with it, be
busy about (h. a" drykkju, a fer6 sinni,
a syslu) ; h. e-t af e-m, /0 hold (land,
office) /?-w;z 0r of one (J)eir er hofSu
haldid land af Danakonungi) ; h. mikit
af e-m, to make much of one ; h.
eptir e-m, to pursue one ; h. e-u eptir,
to keep back', h. sik fra e-u, to keep
oneself back from, refrain from ; h.
e-u fram, to uphold, support ; h. e-u
fyrir e-u, to 'withhold from one; to
protect against (heldu engar grindr
fe'nu fyrir birninum) ; h. e-n fyrir e-t,
to hold, consider one to be so and so
(slSan helt konungr Erling fyrir trygg-
van vin) ; h. i e-t, to hold fast, grasp
(pu skalt h. f hurflarhringinn) ; h. til
e-s, to be the cause of, be conducive to ;
heldr J>ar margt til J)ess, there are
many reasons for this ; helt til j^ess
(conduced to if) goflgirni hans ; h. til
e-s, to be bent on, fond of (h.. mjok til
skarts, til gleSi) ; h. til jafns vi6 e-n,
to bear up against one, to be a match
for one ; h. um e-t, to grasp with the
hand (= h. hendi um e-t) ; h. barni
undir skirn, to hold at baptism ; h.
e-u upp, to hold aloft, lift (h. upp
hondum) ; h. upp drum, to hold lip the
oars, cease pulling; to uphold, main-
tain, support (h. upp hofum, kristn-
inni) ; to keep going (h. upp bardaga) ;
to discharge (h. upp kostnaSi, botum) ;
h. upp bcenum fyrir e-m, to pray for
one ; h. e-u viS, to maintain a thing ;
h. vi3 e-m, to stand against (hvar sem
hann kom fram, licit ekki vi5 honum) ;
impers. to be on the point of; helt
vi6 atgongu (ace.), they tuere near
coming to fight ; heldr nu vid hot, /
is little short of threats; IV. refl., hald-
ast, to hold oneself, stay (mdtti hann
eigi J>ar h.) ; to hold out, continue,
last (helzt vindtta meS f>eim ) ; to be
kept safe and sound; mennallirheldust
'all hands were saved] ok svd fe ; to be
valid, stand (engi md h. domr hans) ;
i. d, to pull one against another,
wrestle, fight ; impers., e-m helzt vel
(ilia) d e-u, one has good (bad) luck
with a thing (me'r helzt litt a sauda-
monnum) ; h. vi6, to stay, remain ; h.
vi8 e-m, to resist, make a stand against
one (helzt {>d ekki vid honum).
hald-gotSr, a. lasting, durable.
haldinn, pp. (l) in such and such a
state; vel h., in good condition, well
to do, doing well; Jmngliga h., very
ill; (z) satisfied with (Hrani sagdist
ekki af {>vi h. vera) ; (3) heilu ok
holdnu, safely, safe and sound.
haldin-or6r, a. discreet, close ; -yrSi,
n. discreetness.
hald-kvfiBmd, f. convenience, com-
fort ; -kvaeiniligr, a. convenient ;
-kvsBmr, a. convenient ', usefiil ; -samr,
a. holding close ; vera -samr d e-u, to
keep it close; -semi, f. (l) fast hold-
ing ; (2) closeness, stinginess.
hali, m. tail ; leika (veifast um)
lausum hala, to play with a loose tail,
to be unrestrained; bera brattan hal-
ann, to cock up the tail, to be proud ;
draga eptir se"r halann, to drag the tail,
to play the coward.
halla (aft), v. (l) to incline or tttrn
sideways, with dat. (h. keri, skipi) ;
(2) to sway to the wrong side ( = h.
til um e-t) ; h. sogu, to give an unfair
report ; h. nokkurum orftum til, to let
fall a few words ; h. eptir e-m, to be
biassed in one's favour ; h. sdr, to lean
with one's body ; impers. to lie over,
with dat. (hallacH honum svd, at sjor
fell inn d annat bor5) ; solu hallar,
the sun sinks ; vetri hallar, the winter
is declining; tafli hallar a e-n, the
game turns against one ; (3) to slope
(hann skildi eigi fyrr vi8 >d en halladi
af norSr) ; (4) refl., ballast, to lean
with the body ; to lie over (J)d tok
mjok at h. Ormrinn) ; d t>d hallaSist
bardaginn, the battle turned against
them ; h. eptir e-u, to sway towards
a thing.
hallar-bunatSr, -buningr, m. hang-
HALLAR-DYRR
[183]
ings of a hall ; -dyrr, f. pi. door of a
hall', -golf, r\. floor of a hall; -veggr,
m. wall of a hall.
hall-lendi, n. slope, declivity ;
-lendr, a. sloping ; -maela (-ta, -t),
v. to speak ill of one (-maela e-m) ;
-meBli, n. pi. blame, reproof '; -oki, a.,
fara, verSa halloki fyrir e-m, to be
overcome, defeated.
hallr. a. (i) leaning to one side, lying
over, sloping (voru jakarnir hallir mjok
lit af skerinu) ; bera hailt hofudit, to
carry the head on one side ; standa
hollum fceti, to stand unevenly, ver3r
hallt a e-n, one is worsted', (2) biassed,
partial ; i?iclined or attached to one
(h. til e-s or undir e-n) ; h. til illsku,
prone, inclined, to evil.
hallr, m. (i) slope, hill; (2) big
stone (enn hardi hallr).
hall-aeri, n. bad season, famine.
hair (-B, -ir), m. poet. man.
haltr, a. limping, lame, halting ; h.
eptra foeti, lame of the hind leg.
haltr a (a(5), v. to halt, limp.
halzi, a. indecl. Jwlding (with gen.).
hamalt, a. n., only in the phrase,
fylkja h., to draw up in a wedge-
shaped column (= svmfylkja).
hamar-gnipa, f. peak of a crag;
-klettr, m. crag, rock.
hamarr (gen. -s, dat. hamri, pi.
harnrar), m. (i) hammer ; hann gerdi
hamar yfir, he made the sign of the
hammer over it ; (2) back of an axe ;
(3) crag, precipice ({>ar stenctr h. mikill
fyrir J)eim) ; |)ritugur h., a crag thirty
Jathoms high.
hamar-rifa, f. rift in a crag; -skalli,
m. head of a hammer ; -skaft, n. shaft
of a hammer ; -skuti, m. jutting or
overhanging crag.
hamars-mark, n. sign of the ham-
mer ; -muftr, m. the thin end of a
hammer.
hamar-spor, n. a hammer's print.
hamast (aft), v. refl. (i) to ass^tme
the shape of an animal (h. i arnarliki) ;
(2) to rage (like a berserk).
ham-far, n., -farir, f. pi. travelling
in the shape of an animal (fara -fari,
i -forum) ; -fong, n. pl.fury, frenzy ;
j f. a human being who travels
in the shape of an animal; a witch
that goes in ham-iarir.
hamingja, f. (i) guardian spirit;
(2) luck, good fortune.
harningju-drjugr, a. lucky; -hjol,
n. wheel of fortune ; -hlutr, m. lucky
chance ; -lausa. a. luckless ; -leysi, n.
want of luck; -maftr, m. lucky man ;
-mikiil, a. very lucky ; -mot, n. lucky
appearance (-mot er a" J)er) ; -raun, f.
trial of fortune ; -samligr, a. lucky -
looking; -skipti, n. turn (vicissitude)
of fortune; -skortr, m. lack of good
luck ; -tjon, n. bad luck.
hanila, f. oar-thong, grummet ; lata
siga d. homlu, to pull backwards (stern
foremost) ; ganga e-m i homlu (um
e-t), to take one's place, be a substitute
for one (in a thing).
hamla (aft), v. (i) to pull back-
wards; (2) to stop, hinder (h. e-m) ;
(3) to maim, mutilate (sumir voru
hamlaSir at hondum e5a f6tum).
hampr, m. hemp.
hamr (-a, -ir), m. (i) skin, slouch ;
hleypa hb'mum, to cast the slough (of
snakes) ; (2) shape, form ; skipta
homum, to change one's shape.
hamr a-f jail, n. craggy mountain ;
-klif, n. cleft between two crags.
ham-ramr, a. ( i ) able to change one's
shape ; (2) seized with warlike fury
(ber serks-gangr) .
hamra-skarft, n. = -klif.
ham-remi, f. the state oj being
ham-ramr (2).
hams, m. (i) snake's slough (ormar
skrida or hamsi a va"r) ; (2) husk.
ham-stoli, -stolinn, a. deprived of
ones wits, frantic, furious.
hana-galan, f. cock-crow.
handa (= til h.), prep, with dat. to,
for (h. Oddi).
handa-band, n. shaking of hands ;
-festi, -festr, f. a hold for the hands.
hand-ail, n. strength of hand ; lesa
sik upp (to haul oneself up) me5 -afli.
handa-gangr, m. grasping after a
thing ; -g0rvi, f. ''hand-gear', gloves ;
-kast, n. = -lasti ; -klapp, n. clapping
of hands ; -lati, n. pi. gestures with
the arms.
handan, adv. from beyond; he<5an
HANDAR-BAK
[184]
HANGA-Ti'R
ok h., hither and thither ; fyrir h.,
with ace. beyond, on the other side of.
handar-bak, n. back of the hand',
-gagn, n. use of the hand ; leggja e-t
til -gagns, to lay it so as to be ready
at hand ; -grip, n. span ; -hald, n.
handle ; -hogg, n. a blow on one's
hand; -jaftarr, m. hand's edge', vera
undir -ja6ri e-s, to be in one's hands,
in one's power ; -kriki, m. arm-pit ;
-mein, n. sore in the hand; -sar, n
wound in the hand; -stubbr, -stufr,
m. stump (of an arm) ; -vanr, a.
handless.
handa-skomm, f. shame for one's
hands ; -staftr, m. print of the hands ;
-verk, n. pi. one's handiwork, doings.
hand-bani, m. actual slayer, opp.
to ' ra'S-bani ' ; -bjalla, f. hand-bell;
-bjorg, f. 'hand-supply'; lifa vifl
-bjorg sina, to earn one's own living;
fcera e-n fram me6 -bjorg sinni, to
support a person by one's labour;
-bogi, m. hand-bow, opp. to * Idsbogi ' ;
-byndi, n. encumbrance (e-m verflr
-byndi at e-u) ; -bserr, a. ready at
hand; -fang, n. span; -fatt, a. n.
lack of hands (-fa"tt varS upp at bera) ;
-festa (-sta, -str), v. to strike a
bargain by shaking hands , to pledge
(-festa heit sitt) ; biskup -festi (be-
trothed] jungfru Ingiborg ; -festa, f.,
-festr, f. striking a bargain by joining
hands ; -fyllr, f. handful ; -ganga, f.
surrender, submission ; -genginn, pp.
that has become a retainer to the king
(g0rast -genginn e-m); -goftr,a. handy,
adroit ; -hafi, m. having in hand
(vera -hafi at e-u) ; -haltr, a. having
a lame hand; -haefi, n., -hofn, f. hand-
instrument ; -h6gg, n. hacking off
one's hand; -hoggva (see hoggva),
v. to hack one's hand off; -itSjan, f.
hand-work ; -klukka, f. hand-bell ;
-klfflfti, n. hand-towel ; -krcekjast
(t), v. to make trial of strength by
pulling with bent hands; -kvern, f.
quern, hand-mill.
handla (aft), v. = hondla.
hand-lag, n. joining hands ; -lami,
a. with a lame hand ; -latr, a. lazy to
use one's hands ; -laug, f. water for
washing the hands (bera inn -laugar) ;
-lauss, a. handless ; -leggr, m. arm,
fore-arm ; -lektari, m. hand-lectern ;
-16ttir, m. lending a hand; -lin, n.
sleeves ; -megin, n. strength of hand,
working power ; -meiddr, pp. with
maimed hands ; -numinn, pp. seized,
caught ; -rammr, a. strong-handed ;
-rift, n. hand-rail; -rif, n. ' reefing-
cord ', in the phrase, svipta af -rifi, to
reef a sail; -sal, n. (i) = handaband ;
(2) pledge, bargain ; taka vid -solum
< e-u, to undertake the trust or charge
of a thing; eiga -sol vi6 e-n, to make
a bargain with one ; bj68a -sol fyrir
e-n, to offer bail for one ; -sala (aft),
v. to make over (confirm) by shaking
hands.
handsala-maftr, handsals-maftr,
m. bail, surety.
hand-sax, n. short sword, dagger;
leika at -soxum, to play with daggers
(by throwing them in the air and
catching them by the hilt); -seinn,
a. slow with the hand; -selja (see
selja), v. to make over ; -seld sok, a
suit conducted by proxy ; -siftr, a.
long-armed; -skot, n. throwing by
hand, opp. to * bogaskot ' ; -sleggja,
f. hand-sledge; -s!0ngva, f. hand-
sling; -sterkr, a. strong-handed;
-stinnr, a. with brawny hands ; roa
-stinnan, to pull strongly ; -styrkja
(t), v. -styrkja sik upp, to haul oneself
up ; -styrkr, a. = -sterkr ; -tak, n. =
handaband ; -taka, v. (l) to seize, lay
hold of; (2) to stipulate; -tygill,
m. an arm-strap ; -vega (see vega),
v. to weigh in the hand ; -vegr, m.
shoulder-seam; -viss, a. quite cer-
tain; -vsetta (-tta, -ttr), v. =-vega;
-vomm, f. maladroitness, blundering ;
-0x, f. hand-axe.
hang, n. coil (of a serpent} ; kottr-
inn beygSi hangit (v. r. kenginn), the
cat bent its back.
hanga (hangi ; h6kk, hngum ;
hanginn), v. (i) to hang, be suspended
(hvers manns alvaspni hekk yfir rumi
hans); (2) to cling to, hang fast to;
weak pret. (hangdi na&ran a lifrinni) ;
(3) to be hanged (gengr bu at h.).
hanga-guft, -tyr, m. god (lord) oj
the hanged (viz. Odin).
HANGI
[185]
HARM-DAUDR
hangi, m. a body hanging on a
gallows (hann settist undir hanga).
hani, m. cock.
hanki, m. hasp or clasp (of a chest).
hann, pers. pron. he.
hann-yr, -0r(5, f. skill, fine work.
hanzki, m. glove.
happ, n. good luck.
happa-drjugr, a. lucky; -mikill, a.
having great luck ; -ra5, n. happy
counsel; -verk, n. happy deed.
happ-autSigr, a. lucky ; -froftr, a.
wise in season ; -samr, a. lucky ;
-skeytr, a. a good shot.
hapt, n. bond ; see ' haft '.
hara, v. to stare, grin (?).
harfta, adv. very (= hardla).
harft-angr, m. hard times, distress ;
-brjosta<5r, a. hard-hearted ; -byll, a.
a hard householder ; -droegi, f. the
being -drcegr ; -droegr, a. hard to
manage; -eygr, a. hard-eyed; -fari,
m. 'fast-goer' ; -farliga, adv. harshly,
vehemently ; -fengi, f. hardihood,
valour ; -fengiliga, adv. = -fengliga ;
-fenginn, a. = -fengr; -fengliga, adv.
hardily, valiantly ; -fengr, a. hardy,
valiant; -fenni, n. hard snow; -fceri,
f. stubbornness ; -foerr, a. hard to
overcome ; -gorr, a. (i) hardy, stout ;
(2) strong-built (-gort skip) ; -hendi,
f. hard-handedness ; -hendiliga, adv.
with hard hand; -hendr, a. hard-
handed ; -hugaSr, a. hard-hearted.
harSindi, n. pi. (i) hardness; (2)
hardship, severity.
harft-kvfflli, n. = harmkvaeli.
harSla, adv. very (h. mikill, litill).
harcS-leikinn, a. playing a hard,
rough game ; verSa e-m -leikinn, to
play roughly with one ; fa" -leikit, to
be roughly treated; -leikni, f. rough
game ; -leikr, m. hardness, harsh-
ness; -leitr, a. hard-looking ; -lift, n.
hard life, chastisement ; -liga, adv. ( i )
forcibly, sternly; (2) fast (ri<5a -liga) ;
-ligr, a. hard, severe ; -lundacSr, a.
hard-tempered ; -lyndi, n. hard tem-
per; -lyndr, a. = -lunda5r; -mann-
ligr, a. hardy, manly; -menni, n.
hardy man ; -motSigr, a. hard of
mood ; -maeli, n. hard language ;
-msBltr, a. = -or5r.
harftna (at$), v. (i) to harden ; (2) to
become severe (of weather) ; to grow
worse ; harfinadi matlifi beirra, they
ran short of provisions.
hartS-orftr, a. hard-spoken.
harcSr, a. (i) hard (h. steinn, skafl) ;
(2) hard, stern, severe (h. i skapi, i
hjarta) ; (3) hardy ; folk hart ok Hit at
scekja, hardy and difficult to assail;
h. \ horn at taka, hard to take by the
horns, stubborn ; h. bardagi, hard-
fought battle ; leika e-n hart, to treat
one harshly ; rida hart, to ride fast.
hartS-racSr, a. (i) firm, determined
(madr vitr ok -raQrj ; (2) severe ', ty-
rannical ; -rei(5r, a. hard to ride on ;
-retti, n. hardship; -rsetSi, n. (i)
hardiness, hardihood, firmness ; (2)
hardness, harshness ; -skeyti, f. hard
shooting; -skeytr, a, (i) shooting
hard; (2) hard, severe; -skipatSr,
pp. manned with hardy men ; -sleg-
inn, pp. hard-hammered; -slosgr, a.
hard to mow (-sloegr teigr) ; -snuinn,
pp. 'hard-twisted', staunch, stub-
born ; -sottr, pp. hard to get, difficult;
-steinn, m. whetstone ; -tcekr, a. hard,
exacting; -uftigr, a. hard-minded;
-vaxinn, pp. strong-built, brawny ;
-yrfti, n. pi. hard words; -yrki, m.
hard worker ; -y (Sgi, f. hardness of
heart, severity.
hark, n. noise t tumult.
harka, f. hardness, hardiness.
harka (a$), v. (i) to scrape together
(h. e-u saman) ; (2) e-m harkar, harkar
fyrir e-m, things go ill with one ;
harkar um e-t, it goes badly ; harkast
um, to be in a bad way ; (3) refl.,
harkast, to make a tumult.
harka-geta, f. coarse, scanty food;
-lift, n. rabble ; -menn, m. pi. tramps,
scamps ; -samliga, adv. coarsely.
harki, m. rubbish, trash.
harma (acS), v. to bewail ; h. sik, to
wail ; impers., e-m or e-n harmar, it
vexes one, one is vexed.
harman-liga, adv. sorrowfully ;
-ligr, a. sorrowful.
harm-blandinn, pp. mixed with
sorrow ; -brcgt5, n. pi. mournful
deeds ; -daufti, m. sorrowful death ;
-dauSi, -dauftr, a. lamented (vera
HARM-DOGQ
[186]
HALFA
-dauSi e-m) ; -dogg, f. sorrow-dew ',
tears (poet.); -fenginn, pp. affected
by grief; -flaug, f. baneful shaft ;
-fullr, a. = harmsfullr ; -kvaeli, n. pi.,
-kvol, f. torments.
harmr (-s, -ar), m. sorrow, grief.
harm-saga, f. tidings of grief; -sam-
ligr, a. sad, mournful.
karms-auki, m. addition to one 1 s
grief', -fullr, a. sorrowful, distressed',
-16ttir, m. relief.
harm-sok, f. cause of grief , sad case ;
-songr, m. dirge ; -ti(5indi, n. pi. =
-saga ; -tolur, f. pi. lamentations ;
-Jjrunginn, pp. filled with grief;
-J>rutinn, a. swollen with sorrow.
harneskja, f. harness, armour.
harpa, f. (i) harp (leika, sla" horpu) ;
(2) harp-seal (era hlums vant, kvad
refr, dro horpu at isi).
hasla (pi. hoslur), f. pole of hazel-
wood ; hasla (a$), v. to mark out by
hazel-poles ; h. e-m voll, to challenge
one to a pitched battle or duel.
hastar-liga, adv. suddenly.
hast-orSr, a. harsh-spoken.
hata (a$), v. (i) to hate (h. e-n) ;
(2) to damage, destroy (poet.) ; (3) refL,
hatast vid e-n, to be full of hatred
against one.
hatr, n. hatred, enmity.
hatr-liga, adv. hatefully; -ligr, a.
hateful ; -samligr, -samr, a. hateful,
hostile (-samr e-m).
hatra-fullr, a. hateful, hostile.
hattr, m. hat;= hottr.
hau<5r, n. poet, earth.
hauga-eldr, m. cairn fire ; -old, f.
the age of cairn-burial, opp. to ' bruna-
6'ld ', the age of burning the dead.
haug-brot, n. breaking of a cairn ;
-bui, m. l cairn-dweller' , ghost; -fosra
(-(5a, -(5r), v. to bury in a cairn ;
-ganga, f. the breaking into a cairn.
haugr (-s, -ar), m. (i) mound', (2)
sepulchral mound, cairn.
haug-setja (see setja), v. = -foera.
haugs-golf, n. floor of a cairn ;
-gprS, f. cairn-making.
haug-sta<5r, m. heathenburial-place ;
-tekinn, pp. taken from a cairn.
haugs-old, f. = hauga-old.
hauka-veiSr, f. hunting with hawks.
hauk-ligr, a. hawk-like (of the eyes).
haukr (-3, -ar), m. hawk ; fleygja
hauki, to fly a hawk.
haukstaldr, m., poet, man, hero.
hauld-, hauldr, see hold-, hoi dr.
haull, m. rupture, hernia.
hauaa-kljufr, m. skull-cleaver (nick-
name) ; -mot, n. pi. sutures of the skull.
haus-brot, n. skull-fracture ; -fastr ,
a. seated in the skull', -filla, f. the
skin of the skull.
hausa (pi. hausar), m. skull.
haust, n. harvest season, autumn.
hauata (a'(5), v. to draw near autumn.
hauat-blot, n. sacrificial feast in
autumn', -botS, n. autumn feast;
-dagr, m. day in autumn ; at or A.
-degi, in autumn ; -grima, f. autumn
night; -heimtur, f. pi. getti?ig in
sheep in autumn ; -langr, a. lasting
all the autumn ; -manatSr, m. autumn
month, September; -viking, f. free-
booting expedition in autumn ; -jiing,
n. autumn assembly; -61, n. autumn
(drinking) festival.
ha, interj. eh ! what do you say f
ha, f. after-grass, after-math.
ha-altari, m. high altar ; -beinn, a.
high-legged, long-legged; -bjarg, n.
high rock ; -bogaftr, a. high-curved
(of a saddle).
ha-bora (aS), v. to fit with rowlocks.
ha-borur, f. pi. rowlocks.
ha-brok, f. a kind viJiawk ; -brokast
(av5), v. refl. to puff oneself up.
ha5, n. scoffing, mocking.
ha-degi, n. midday, noon.
hadegis-skeiS, n. noon-tide.
haS-samr, a. scoffing; -semi, f.
mockery (me6 hropyrdum ok h.).
ha^ugr, a. shameful, disgraceful.
lia>5u-ligr, a. (i) scornful, abusive
(-lig ordj ; (2) disgraceful (-ligt verk).
ha5ung, f. shame, disgrace.
ha(5ungar-orS, n. pi. scornful words.
hat5-yrt5i, n. pi. = hasdi-yrdi.
ha-fjall, n. high mountain ; -fleygr,
a. high-flying ; -floetSr, f. full flood,
high flood-tide; -foettr,a. high-legged;
-leikr, m. highness ; -leitligr, a.
sublime ; -leitr, a. looking upwards ;
fig. lofty, sublime.
halfa, f. (i) region, part (veroldin
HALF-BERGRISI
[187]
HAR-FERB
var greind i brjar hdlfur) ; (2) lineage,
kin ffrjalsborinn i allar Mlfur) ; (3) af
e-s halfu, on one's behalf; on one's
part ; af gu6s hdlfu ok lands-laga, on
behalf of God and the law of the land.
half-bergrisi, m. half a giant',
-dauSr, a. half dead ; -ermatSr, pp.
half-sleeved ; -f ifl, n. half an idiot ;
-fullr, a. half full ; -gorr, a. only half
done, left half undone ; -kirk ja, f.
annex-church, chapel of ease ; -launat,
pp. n. half rewarded \ -litr, a. of two
colours, with a different colour on
each side; -Ijost, a. n., f>a er -Ijost
var, in the twilight ; -mork, f. half a
mark ; -naucSigr, a. half reluctant ;
nit5, n. half a lampoon.
halfr, a. (i) half; h. ma"na5r, half a
month, fort night; til halfs, by a half;
h. annar, J>ri6i, fjordi, &c., one, two,
three and a half ; halft annat hundrad,
one hundred and a half; h. briSi t0gr
manna, twenty-five men; (2) neut.
' hdlfu ', by half, with a comparative
in an intensive sense, much, far ; halfu
verri, far worse ; halfu meira, far
more ; halfu si6r,far less.
half-risi, m. half a giant ; -roinn,
pp. having rowed half the way ;
-rymi, n. half a ' rum ' in a ship.
halfrymis-felagar, m. pi. messmates
in the same halfrymi ; -kista, f. a
chest belonging to a halfrymi.
half-r0kvit, a. n. half twilight;
-skiptr, pp. = -litr ; -troll, n. half a
giant; -tunna, f. half a titn ; -unninn,
pp. half done ; -viroi, n. half worth ;
-f>ritugr,a. aged twenty-Jive; -J>ynna,
f. a kind of small axe ; -osrinn, a. half
sufficient ; -cerr, a. half mad (liann
var hdlf-cerr af drykkju).
hall, a. slippery (var ha"lt a" isinum).
hal-leikr, m. slipperiness.
halmr (gen. -s), m. straw, haulm
(J>eir logflust par ni6r i hdlm).
halm-stra, n. haulm-straw ; -visk,
n. wisp of straw ; -Jmst, n. flail.
hals (gen. hals, pi. halsar), m. (i)
neck; taka hondum um h. e-m, to
embrace one; beygja h. fyrir e-m, to
bend the neck to one ; liggja e-m
halsi fyrir e-t, to reprove, blame one
for ; standa a" hdlsi e-m, to put the
foot on one's neck ; (2) bow of a ship
or boat ( Hymir reri i hdlsinum fram) ;
(3) the front-sheet (tack) of a sail;
(4) the end of a rope ; (5) the tip of a
0a/(hann dregrsva" bogann, at saman
t>6tti bera halsana) ; (6) ridge, hill ;
(7) pl-> go&r halsar, good men ! fine
fellows /
halsa (aS), v. (i) to embrace; (2) h.
segl, to clew up the sail.
hals-bein, n., -beina, n. neck-bone ;
-bjorg, i. gorget; -bok, f. a book to be
hung from the neck; -brotna (atS),
v. to break one's neck ; -briin, f. edge of
a hill; -digr, a. thick-necked; -fang,
n. embrace; -gjorft.f. necklace; -hogg,
n. stroke on the neck; -hoggva (see
hoggva), v. to behead ; -jam, n. neck-
iron, iron collar; -langr, a. long-
necked; -litSr, m. neck-joint; -Ijosta
(see Ijosta), v. to strike one on the
neck ; -men, n. necklace ; -sar, n. neck
wound ; -slag, n. = -hogg ; -stefni, n.
( i ) throat ; (2) part of a ship.
ha-lseti, n. shouting, noise ; -measa,
f. high-mass ; -mlgi, f. loud talking.
ha-mot, n. ankle-joint ; only in the
phrase, fara i ha-mot (or -motit) eptir
e-m, to follow one closely, sneak along
behind one.
ha-maeli, n., fcera (bera) e-t i -maeli,
to speak loud of; -maBltr, pp. loud-
voiced; -nefjatSr, a. high-nosed;
-pallr, m. dais (in a hall).
bar (ha, hatt), a. (\]high ; ha'fum
fjollum, in high mountains; hasri en,
higher than ; (2) tall (h. ma5r vexti) ;
(3) superl. at the highest pitch ; medan
haest vaeri vetrar, sumars, in the depth
of winter, in the height of summer ;
(4) high, glorious ; haestu ha"ti5ir, the
highest feasts; (5) loud (h. brestr) ;
maela ha"tt,/0 speak loud ; hon verdr ha
vi5, she becomes clamorous or excited.
har (gen. has, pi. hair), m. thole.
har, n. hair (jarpr a" h.).
har, m. dog-fish.
har-amr (= -hamr), m. the hairy
side of a skin ; -bjartr, a. fair-haired.
ha-reitSar, f. pi. rowlocks.
ha-reysti, n. and f. noise, clamour;
-reystr, a. noisy, loud-voiced.
har-fagr, a. fair-haired; -ferfc, f.
HAR-HVASS
[188]
HEBRA
fashion of the hair ; -hvass, a. hair-
edged; -klasfti, n. hair cloth ; -knifr,
m. razor ; -laug, f. washing the hair ;
-leppr, m. lock of hair.
barr, a. hoary, grey-haired.
bar-roetr, f. pi. roots of the hair',
-skurtSr, m. ait of the hair.
bars-litr, m. colour of the hair.
bar-tang, f. string of horse-hair;
-vara, i.fur; -voxtr, m. hair-growth.
ba-segl, n. top-sail.
ba-seti, m. oarsman, opp. to ' styri-
ma6r* (helmsman}.
ba-seymdr, pp. studded with large
nails (beizl ha'seymt).
ba-sin, f. Achille? tendon.
baska-ferc5, -for, f. dangerous j our-
ney (exploit] ; -lauss, a. free from
danger; -ligr, a. dangerous ; -sam-
liga, adv. dangerously ; -samligr,
-samr, a. perilous ; -timi, m. //' me of
danger; -vac$, n. dangerous ford]
van, f . danger to come.
ba-skeptr, a. long-handled^ long-
shafted (hdskept 0x, spjot).
baski, m. danger, peril.
bas-msBltr, a. hoarse-speaking.
bass, a. hoarse.
ba-stacSr, m. ^/^ (important} place ;
-stafir, m. pi., in the phrase, gra"ta
(cepa) -stofum, to weep (shout] loudly ;
-ateint, a. n. _/// #/" high boulders
(var hcisteint f anni).
ba-stokkr, m. gunwale.
ba-stoll, m. high-seat : ; -sumar, n.
midsummer ; -saeti, n. high-seat, seat
of honour (= ondvegi).
hasaBtis-bortS, n. high-seat table ;
-kista, f. a chest near the high-seat ;
matSr, m. //z<? man in the high-seat.
ha-talat$r, a. loud-voiced', -timbra
(atS), v. to build high ; -tit5, {.festival,
feast (halda hatid).
hatiSar-aptann, m. eve of a feast ;
-dagr, m. festal day, holiday ; -hald,
n. holding a feast.
hatitSis-dagr, m. = ha'tiSardagr.
haticS-liga, adv. withfestivity ; -ligr,
a. festive, festal.
hatta (atS), v. (l) to arrange, dis-
pose, with dat. ; h. ser, to conduct one-
self', impers., ha"ttar Eva", at hann kom,
he happened to come ; (2) to go to bed.
hatta-brigfti, n. change of manners.
hatta<5r, pp. fashioned, conditioned
(hvernig var jorcHn hattuS ?) ; e-u er
sva hattat, it is so made or conditioned,
of that nature or kind ; y6r frasndum
er sva* hattat, you kinsmen are of that
stamp.
hatta-goSr, a. well-mannered, well-
behaved ; -lykill, m. key to metres ;
-skipti, n. (l) change of manners ; (2)
shifting of metre ; -tal, n. enumera-
tion of metres.
hatt-prutSr, a. well-mannered, polite ;
-prySi, f. good manners.
hattr (gen. hattar, dat. haatti; pi.
haattir, ace. hattu), m. (i) mode of
life, habit, custom (rikra manna hattr) ;
halda teknum hastti, to go on in one's
usual way ; (2) pi. conduct, behaviour
(vanda um hattu manna) ; fara vel
meS sinuni hattum, to conduct oneself
well', ra6a sjalfr sinum hattum, to be
one's own master ; halda hattum vi9
a6ra menn, to conduct oneself properly;
(3) mode, way of doing a thing;
kunna ha"tt a" e-u, to know how to do
a thing ; (4) mikils hdttar, of impor-
tance ; litils Mttar, insignificant ; J>ess
hattar, of that kind ; alls hattar, of
every kind; allan hdtt, in every
respect; (5) moderation, measure;
eptir hastti, duly, properly ; (6) metre.
hatt-saxnr, a. well-mannered.
battling, f. danger, risk.
ha-tun, n. high place.
havatSa-matSr, m. a noisy, self-
assertive man ; -mikill, a. boastful,
self-assertive ; -samr, a. boisterous.
ba-vatSi, m. (l) noise, tumult ; kve6a
e-t upp, segja e-t, i -va5a, to proclaim
loudly ; (2) loud self-assertion ; (3)
= havaSa-mafir.
ba-vetr, m., -vetri, n. midwinter
(begar hdvetri var H6it).
b6t5an, adv. (i) hence, from this
place ; (2) fyrir h. hafit, on the hither
side of the sea ; (3) henceforth ; h. i fra,
hereafter.
betSinn (dat. betSni), m. jacket of
fur or skin ; vefja (or veifa) hefini at
hofSi e-m, to wrap a skin round one's
head, to hoodwink one.
betJra, adv. here, hither.
HEFD
[189]
HEG6MA-MAL
heft$, f. prescriptive right (me3
re'ttri ok loglegri hef<5).
heffta (atJ), v. to acquire a prescrip-
tive right to (h. ser e-t).
J** -X"
hef oar-maor, m. possessor, holder.
hefill (pi. heflar), m. a noose fastened
to the edge of a sail to help in furling
it; lata siga (or hleypa segli) or heflum,
to unfurl the sail.
hefil-skapt, n. a boat-hook to pull
the sail down.
hefja(hef; h6f,hofum; hafiftr and
hafinn), v. (i) to heave , raise, lift (h.
stein); hann hof upp augu sin, he
lifted up his eyes ; h. sik a lopt, to
make a leap ; h. hand a, to lift the
hands (for defence); h. hofuSs, to lift
the head, be undaunted; h. graut, to
lift the porridge, eat it with a spoon ;
(2) to exalt, raise in rank ; h. e-n til
rikis, to raise one to the throne ; (3)
to begin ; h. mal sitt, to begin one's
speech ; h. ferd, to set out on a journey,
to start', h. flokk, to rai se a party ; h.
akall, to raise a claim ; impers., hefr
e-t = hefr upp e-t, it begins (her hefr
Kristnisogu); refl., hefjast, to begin,
originate (hvactan af hefir hafizt skald-
skapr?); (4) impers. to be carried,
drifted (by storm or tide) ; hof skipin
611 saman (all the ships were drifted]
inn at landinu ; peir letu h. skipin
ofan forstreymis, they let the ships
drift down the stream ; (5) with preps.,
h. e-t af e-u, to take it off; impers.,
en er af henni hof ongvit (ace.), when
she recovered from her swoon ; pa
hof af mer vamur allar, all ailments
left me ; refl., hefjast af hb'ndum e-m,
to leave one ; h. a ras, to take to one 's
feet (= hafa a ras); refl., la"ta hefjast
fyrir, to retreat, withdraw ; h. munn
sinn f sundr, to open one's mouth ;
impers., Birkibeina (ace.) hefr undan,
the B. drew back ; h. e-t upp, to lift
up (hann hof orminn upp a hendi
se'r); impers., hof honum upp bryn
(ace.), his face brightened; h. e-t upp,
to begin (=hefja 3); Egill hof upp
kvsedit, E. began his poem ; impers.,
her hefr upp Konunga-b6k,^<?r<? begins
the K. ; refl., hefjast upp, to begin (her
hefjast upp landnam) ; hefjast upp til
6fri3ar (med 6fri6i), to begin war*
fare ; lata hefjast vid, to lay to (naut.).
hefla (aft), v. to furl the sail.
hefha (-da, -dr), v. to avenge, take
vengeance, with the thing and the
person in gen., h. sara, to avenge the
wounds, h. br65ur sins, to avenge
one's brother, h. sin, to avenge oneself;
with dat. of the person, h. e-m, to take
vengeance on (skulu vid h. honum) ;
with the thing in gen. and the person
in dat.; attu honum at h. frasndalats,
thou hast to avenge on him the death
of a kinsman ; impers., e-m hefnir
e-t, one pays (siiffers)for a thing (svd
hefndi honum pat mikla mikillaeti) ;
with preps., h. e-m fyrir e-t, h. e-s a
e-m, to avenge a thing on one ; refl.,
hefnast, to avenge oneself (= hefna
sin); h. e-s, to avenge a thing; h. a"
e-m, to avenge oneself on a person ;
e-m hefnist e-t, one has to pay (sttffer]
for ; hefnast mun honum vist, the day
of retribution will assuredly come to
him.
hefnd, f. revenge, vengeance.
hefnda-laust, adv. without retribu-
tion or revenge.
hefndar-dagr, m. day of vengeance ;
-macSr, m. avenger.
hefni-leitS, f. * way to vengeance ' ;
roa & -leid, to set about taking ven-
geance ; -leit, f . seeking for vengeance ;
roa a -leit e-s, to seek vengeance for;
-samr, a. revengeful.
hegat, adv. = hingat, higat.
hegtSa (a<5), v. to arrange (h. e-u).
hegftan, f. conduct, behaviour.
hegeitill, m.. flint.
heggr (pi. -ir), m. bird cherry.
hegla (-di, -t), v. to hail.
hegna (-da, -dr), v. (i) to hedge,
Protect ; (2) to punish, chastise (hegna
ransmenn, usiQu).
hegnari, m. chastiser.
hegnd, f., hegning, f. punishment,
chastisement.
he-goma (at$), v. to speak falsely ;
-go ma a" e-n, to slander one.
hegoma-dyrtJ, f. vain-glory ; -fullr,
a. vain, vain-glorious ; -matSr, m.
charlatan, quack ; -mal, n. vain
speech ; g0ra or5 e-s at -mali, to dis-
[190]
HEIL-R/EBI
regard one's words ; -nafn, n. empty
name, sham name.
h6-g6mi, m. falsehood, folly, non-
sense ; segja -gomaae-n, to slander one.
h6gom-ligr, a. vain, false.
hegri, m. heron.
hei<5, n. bright (clear] sky (veQr var
bjart ok skein sol i hei6i).
heiSar-brun, f. edge of a heath.
hei(5ar-lauss, a. ignominious, dis-
honourable ; -liga, adv. honourably ;
-ligr, a. honourable.
heiftar-vegr, m. road across a heath.
hei(5-bjartr, a. serene (vedr -bjart).
hei(5-f6, r\.fee, stipend.
heicSin-domr, m. heathendom.
hei<5ingi (pi. -jar), m. (i) heathen,
gentile ; (2) wolf (poet.).
heicSingligr, a. heathen.
heitSinn, a. heathen, pagan ; heidnir
menn, heathens.
heift-maftr, m. = mdlamaSr.
heiftnast (aft), v. to become heathen.
heiSni, f. ( i ) heathenism ; (2) heathen
country ( = 'hz\&\t land); ($) the heathen
age, the time of heathendom.
heiftr, a. bright, clear, cloudless ; h.
himinn, clear sky, heicJar stjornur,
bright stars.
heiftr (gen. heiftar, dat. and ace.
hei(5i ; pi. heiSar), f. heath, moor.
heiftr (gen. heitSrs), m. honour.
heiftr (gen. -ar), m. honour, worth.
heiftra (aft), v. to honour.
heift-rikr, a. cloudless, serene.
heiftrs-maftr, m. man of honour.
heift-skirr, a. bright, cloudless (-skirt
vedr) ; -vanr, a. accustomed to the
clear sky ; -viftri, n. bright weather.
heift-virftr, a. honest, honourable.
heila-bust, f. crown of the head.
heilag-leikr, m. holiness ; -liga,
adv. holily ; -ligr, a. holy.
heilagr (ace. helgan (heilagan), pi.
helgir (heilagir), &c.), a. (i) holy ; (2)
inviolable, sacred.
heilan, f. healing.
heil-brigfti, f. ^health ; -brigSr, a.
hale, healthy.
heilendi, heilindi, n. good health.
heil-eygr, a. ' hale-eyed', having
sound eyes', -foettr, a. 'hale-legged';
-hugatSliga, adv. sincerely, = af heil-
umhuga; -hugacSr,a. 'whole-minded* 9
sincere.
heilhuga-friSr, m. sincere peace ;
-ra, n. sincere purpose.
heil-hugi, m. sincere person ; -hug-
liga, adv. sincerely.
heili, m. brain, hjarni.
heili-vdgr, m. healing liquor, balm.
heill, a. (i) hale, sound', ilia h., in
ill health ; hann aagSi at par var vel
heilt, he said they were all well there',
kona eigi heil, enceinte ; grcecta e-n at
heilu, to heal one fully ; (2) whole,
healed, in respect of wounds or illness,
with gen. (ver6a h. sdra sinna) ; er um
heilt bezt at binda, it is better to bind
a hale than a tmrt Limb ; (3) blessed,
happy ; njotid heilir handa, ' bless
your hands ', well done ; kom heill !
welcome.' hail! far \i., farewell ! (4)
whole, entire ; h. hleifr, a whole loaf;
sjau hundruS heil, full seven hundred ';
(5) trite, upright ; ra6a e-m heilt, to
give one a wholesome (good] advice ;
af heilum hug, af heilu, sincerely ;
heilt ra6, wholesome advice ; heil ken-
ning, a tiseful, profitable lesson.
heill, n. and f. luck, omen, fore-
boding ; g65u (illu) heilli, in a good
(evil) hotir ; morg eru giptusamlig
heill, there are many good auspices ;
fall er farar h., a fall is a good omen ;
hann bad peim h. duga, he wished
them good speed \ heillum horfmn,yw-
saken by luck ; ok var brugSit heillum
sverdsins, the spell of the sword was
broken.
heilla (ac5), v. to enchant, spell-bind,
bewitch ; heillud ertu (thou art in-
fatuated}, ef pu astlar, etc.
heilla-brig, n. pi. turn of luck ;
-drjiigr, a. fortunate, happy ; -leysi,
n. ill-luck ; -ma<5r, m. lucky man ;
-rat$, n. good advice, wholesome coun-
sel ; -vaenligr, a. hopeful, promising ;
-vaBnn, a. boding good luck, pro-
mising well.
heil-leikr, m. (i) health ; (2) sin-
cerity, uprightness ; -liga, B.dv.fatrfy,
candidly, -ligr, a. fair; -nsBmligr, a.
wholesome ; -rat5r, a. giving whole-
some counsel ; -rsetSi, n. wise (whole"
some] counsel.
HEILSA
[191]
HEIMILL
heilsa (at5), v. to say hail to one,
greet one (=bi6ja e-n heilan vera),
with dat. ; h. a e-n = h. e-m.
heilsa, f. (i) health ; (2) restoration
to health (hann var feginn heilsu
sirmi) ; (3) salvation.
heil-samligr, a., -samr, a. whole-
some, sahitary.
heilsan, f. salutation, greeting.
heil-smiftliga, adv. uprightly,
fairly, properly.
heilsu-bot, f. improvement of health,
recovery ; -bragtS, n. cure ; -drykkr,
m. healing draught ; -far, n. state of
health ; -gj of, f . cure, restoration to
health ; -lausa, a. in bad health ;
litill, a. in weak health ; -ra(5, n.
means to recover one's health ; -sam-
ligr, a., -samr, a. -wholesome, salu-
tary ; -tap an, f. perdition.
heil-und, f. brain wound.
heilundar-sar, n. = heilund.
heil-vita, a. indecl. ' hale-witted* ,
of sound mind, sane.
heim, adv. home, homewards ; soekja
e-n h., to visit one ; to attack one.
heima, n. home (ganga til sins h.) ;
at h. minu, at my house ; eiga h., to
have one's home, to live (Hallfredr
a"tti h. at Haukagili).
heima, adv. at home, at, or in, one's
own house (hair er heima hverr) ;
sitja h., to remain at home.
heima-bol, n. homestead, manor;
-bondi, m. franklin or yeoman in a
-bol ; -brunnr, m. home-well; -dyrr,
f. pi. entrance to a dwelling-house ;
-elskr, a. fond of staying at home ;
-folk, n. home folk, household ; -griS-
ungr, m. a bull kept at home ; -hus,
n. pi. dwelling-houses ; -kona, f.
house-maid ; -land, n. home estate ;
-li.5, n. = -folk ; -ma(5r, m. one of the
household, a servant ( = gri5madr).
heiman, adv. from home ; in some
phrases the reference is to the mar-
riage and dowry of women.
heiman-bunacSr, m. preparation
for a journey from home ; -fertS, f.
joiirney (voyage] from home ; -fylgja,
f. the dowry which the bride takes
with her from home ; -for, f. = -ferd ;
-forull, a. strolling from home ;
-gengt, a. n., in the phrase, eiga Ktf.
-gengt, to have no time or opportunity
to leave home.
heiina-prestr, m. resident priest,
parson ; -seta, f. sitting at home ;
-sveit, f. = -folk ; -tafta, f. the hay
from the home-field ; -vist, f. staying
at home.
heim-bot5, n. invitation, feast ;
-dragi, m. a stay-at-home ; hleypa
-draganum, to see the world.
heimfarar-leyfi, n. = heimleyfi.
heim-fertS, f. ( I ) going home, return
home ; (2) inroad into one's home t =
atfor, heimsokn.
heimfer^ar-leyfl, n. = heimleyfi.
heim-iuss, a. longing for home ;
-for, f. = -ferS ; -ganga, {.going home ;
-gas, f. tame goose ; -hanir, m. one's
own skin.
heimila (a<5), v. to give a title or
right to a thing (heimilaSi jarl J>eim
J>at er fmrfti at hafa).
heimild, f. title, right.
heimildar-macSr, m. a man from
whom a title is derived; -tak, n.
taking proper possession or title (-tak
a skoginurn).
heimilda-vandr, a. fastidious in
regard to title.
heimili, n. house, home, homestead
(eiga h. e-s staSar).
heimilis-fang, n. domicile ; -fastr,
a. having a fixed homestead ; -hus,
n. (i) closet; (2) privy; -kvicSr, m.
home-verdict ; -prestr, m. chaplain ;
-sok, f. a charge that can be brought
home to one ; -vist, f. permanent
habitation ; vera -vistum me5 e-m, to
reside with one.
heimili, a., e-m er e-t heimilt, one
has a right to, is free to have a thing ;
heimili er matr peim, er hafa burfu,
the food is free to those who need it;
kvao honum heimilan sinn styrk, his
help should be at his disposal ; segir,
at ]pat var skylt ok heimilt, due and
just ; eiga heimilt (at gera e-t), eiga
e-t heimilt, to have a right (to do a
thing), to have at one' s disposal; Idta
e-m e-t heimilt, to give one a right to,
to place at one' s disposal (let . honum
heimilan hest sinn).
HEIMIS-GARBR
[192]
HEITA
heimis-gart$r,m. homestead ; -haugr,
m. ' homestead-cairn ' ; -kvitSr, m. =
heimiliskvidr.
heim-kvama, f. return home ;
-kynni, n. home, household ; -lei(5is,
adv. homewards (fara -leiSis) ; -leyfi,
n. leave to go home ; -ligr, a. worldly.
heimoll, a. = heimill.
heimol-leikr, m. intimacy ; -liga,
adv. (i) with full right to possession ;
(2) privately ' (fa e-m e-t -liga) ; -ligr,
adv. (l) intimate; (2} private (heimol-
ligr klerkr).
heimr (-s, -ar), m. (i) a place of
abode, a region or world (niu man ek
heima) ; spyrja e-n i hvern heim, to
ask one freely ; (2) this world (segSu
mer or heimi, ek man or helju) ; koma
f heiminn, to be born ; fara af heimi-
num, to depart this life ; liggia milli
helms ok heljar, to lie between life
and death ; (3) the earth ; kringJa
heimsins, the globe.
heim-reift, f. (i) ride home ; (2) in-
road ^ attack.
heims-aldr, m. age of the world;
-alfa, f. quarter ( part) of the world ;
-brestr, n\. crash of the world; -bygtS,
f . the peopled world.
heimska, i. folly, nonsense.
heimsk-liga, adv. foolishly ; lata
-liga, to play the fool ; -ligr, a. foolish,
silly (heimsklig or5).
heimskr, a. foolish, silly ; verfir opt
heitum h. mafir feginn, fair words
often make a f oofs heart rejoice.
heimsku-verk, n. foolish deed.
heims-liga, adv. = heimskliga.
heim-sokn, f. (i) visit ; (2) inroad,
attack on one's home (veita e-m -sokn).
helms-slit, n. pi. the end of the
world; -sol, f. the sun ; undir heims-
solu, on earth.
heim-stocS, f. homestead.
heims-vist, f. living, dwelling;
pritSjungr, m. = -alfa.
heim-soekja (see soekja), v. to visit.
heimta (-mta, -mtr), \.(\}to draw,
pull; h. upp akkeri, to weigh anchor;
fig., h. sik fram me5 fegjofum, to make
one's way by giving presents ; h. sik
i vinattu vi5 e-n, to get on friendly
terms with one h. ny t af fe, to milk
cattle ; (2) to get back, recover, regain
(pottust peir hafa hann or helju heim-
tan) ; esp., to get home the sheep from
the summer pastures ; (3) to claim
(h. e-t at e-m) ; h. arf, skuld, toll, to
claim an inheritance, debt, toll h.
vilmcEli, to claim the fulfilment of a
promise ; h. e-n tal vi6 sik, to ask
for an interview with one ; (4) im-
pers., e-n heimtir, one longs (sliks var
van, at pik mundi pangat h.) ; (5) refl.,
heimtast fram at aldri, to advance in
years ; h. saman, to gather together,
join (heimtust bratt skip hans saman).
heimta, f. (i) claim, demand (of
payment due to one) ; (2) esp. in pi.
(heimtur) bringing home sheep from
the summer pastures (verda h. godar).
heimting, f. claim, demand.
heimull, a. = heimoll, heimill.
heim- van, f. (i) prospect of coming
home (2) prospect of salvation.
hein, f. hone, whetstone.
heinar-smjor, -sufl, n. the grease
or liquor which mowers put on the
whetstone.
hein-berg, n. hone-quarry; -bryni,
n. hone, whetstone.
heipt, f. (i)feud, deadly war ; vinna
e-m h., to wage war against one;
deila heiptir, to wage deadly feud ;
(2) deadly hatred, spite (meirr af h.
en ast) ; h. ok harfiindi, ill-will and
tyranny ; hafa h. e-m, to hate.
heiprar-blotS, n. bloodshed; -feng-
inn, a. breathing hatred against one ;
-hugr, m. wrath, hatred (hafa -hug
e-m) ; -mal, n., -or$, n. pi. words
breathing hatred.
heipt-fenginn, a. = heiptarfenginn ;
-gjarn, a. spiteful; -mocSr, a. wrath-
ful ; -mogr, m. foeman, adversary ;
-raakr, a. vindictive, revengeful;
-lift. f. deadly hatred, revetigefulness ;
-yrfti, n. pi. words of hatred.
heit, n. (i) solemn promise, vow;
efla (stofna, festa) heit, to make a
vow ; strengja e-s h., to make a solemn
vow ; (2) pi. threats (hann st65 undir
heitum ok illyrdum).
heita (heit ; h6t, hetum ; heitinn),
v. (i) to call, give a name to ; Grimm
mik hetu, they called me G. ; heitinn
HEITA
[1931
HELGAR-FRIDR
eptir e-m, called (named] after one ;
(21 to call on one ; h. e-n brott, to
call on one to be gone, bid one go
(heitit mik hetSan); h. a" e-n, to exhort
one (in buttle); to invoke (h. a hinn
heilaga Olaf ) ; h. a" e-n til e-s, to in-
voke (appeal to] one for a thing (hann
hdt a" |>6r til fulltings); (3) intrans.,
the pres. 'heiti' (not 'heit'j, to be
hight, be called; OSinn ek nu heiti,
now I am called Odin ; Olafr heiti
ek, my name is O. ; Ulfr het maflr,
there was a man, whose name was U. ;
beer heitir a" Bakka (at Burfelli), there
is a farm called B. ; h. (to be reckoned]
frjals ma5r, hvers manns nidingr ; (4)
with dat. to promise (h. e-m e-u);
mantu, hverju pii he"zt mdr, do you
remember what you promised me ? h.
e-m horSu, to threaten one ; Ba"rSi
var heitit meyjunni, the maid was
promised to B.; (5) refl., heitast, to
vow, plight one's faith (peir hetust
reka Hakon or landi); h. e-m, to vow
ones person to one (h. hinum heilaga
Olafi konungi) ; to be betrothed to one.
heita (heitta, heittr), v. (i) to heat
(h. spjot i eldi) ; (2) to brew (h. mun-
gat, h. 61).
heita, f. brewing (cf. olheita).
heitan, f. threatening.
heitanar-ortS, n. pi. menaces.
heitast (aft), v. refl. to make threats,
to speak threateningly (aldrei heilaSist
hann vi<3 uvini sina) ; h. til e-s, to use
threats to obtain a thing; h. at gera
e-t, to threaten to do a thing.
heit-bundinn, pp. bound by a vow
(i e-u vid e-n); -fastr, a. true to one's
word ; -fengi, f. the being -fengr ;
-fengr, a. able to eat one's food burn-
ing hot ; -f6, n. votive money ; -guft,
m. a god to whom one makes a vow.
heiti, n. name, denomination.
heiti ngar, f. pi. threats, impreca-
tions (h. ok hrakning).
heit-kona, f. one^s promised spoiise ;
oro, n. promise (of marriage}.
heitr, ^.(i] hot, burning; eldi heitari,
hotter than fire ; e-m verSr heitt, one
gets warm ; (2) hot, ardent, zealous
(verfia h. vi6 e-t).
heit-ramr, a. boasting, braggart.
heit-rof, n. breach of faith ; -rofi, m.
Promise-breaker.
heitsi, a., verfla e-s h., to engage
oneself to a thing.
heit-strenging, f. making a solemn
vow ; -strengja (-da, -dr), v. to vow
solemnly (= strengja e-s heit) ; -songr,
m. votive song.
heitu-hus, n. brew-house ; -ketill,
m. boiler ; -matSr, m. brewer.
hekla, f. cowled or hooded frock.
hel (gen. heljar, dat. helju), f. (i)
Hel(the goddess of death] ; blar sem h.,
black as Hel ; (2) abode of the dead
(grdta Baldr or helju) ; leysa hofuQ
sitt dr helju, to save oneself from
death ; rasa i helina opna, to rush
into open death ; liggja a" heljar premi,
to be on the verge of death ; (3) death
(pykkir ekki betra Iff en hel) ; berja
e-n grjoti i hel, to stone one to death.
hel a, f. hoarfrost, rime.
hela heldi, heldr), v. to cover with
rime ; to fall as rime.
hel-blar, a. black as death.
heldr, adv. compar. (i ) more, rather ;
h. en, rather than, more than (va"pn
peirra bitu eigi h. en vendir); (2) at
h., any the more ; also, all the more
(at h. tveimr, at ek mynda gjarna
veita ySr ollum); at heldr pott, even
although ; (3) rather (nu vartu h. til
skjotr, en ek h. til seinn) ; var brudrin
d6pur ii., the bride was rather sad;
(4) after a negative, but, on the contrary.
heldri, a. compar. better ; helztr, a.
superl. best; i heldra lagi, in a high
degree; pykkir monnum si helztr
kos;r, the best choice.
hel-fuss, a. murderous (-fiis hond) ;
-for, f. death.
helga (atS), v. (i) h. sdr land, to
appropriate land by performing some
sacred rites ; (2) to hallow to one (het
hann at helga f>6r allt landnam sitt) ;
(3) h. ping, to proclaim the sanctity
of a meeting; h. e-n, to proclaim a
person inviolable ; (4) refl., helgast,
to be sanctified*
hel-galdr, m. death-dirge.
helgan, f. (i) sanctification, sanctity ;
(2) sacrament.
helgar-friftr, m. holiday-truce.
1CEL. DICT.
HELQI
[194]
HEPTA
helgi, f. (l) holiness, sanctity (h. 6lafs
konungs); (2) inviolability, security.
helgi-brig(5i, n. Sabbath-breaking;
-hald, n. holiday-keeping; -staftr,
m. holy place.
helgr (gen. helgar, dat. and ace.
helgi ; pi. helgar), f. holiday, festi-
val \ hringja til helgar, to ring for a
festival.
hel-gratSr, m. voracity betokening
death ; -grindr, f. pi. //<?/' s gate.
heljar-karl, m., -maftr, m. (i) ac-
cursed fellow ; (2) one doomed to die ;
-skinn, n. a dark-skinned person.
hella, i.fiat stone, slab of rock.
hella (-ta, -t), v. to pour out (h. e-u) ;
var hellt i J)ik mjolk, milk was poured
into thy mouth ; h. ut blodi, t^rum, to
shed blood, tears.
hellir (gen. hellis, dat. and ace.
helli ; pi. hellar), m. cave, cavern.
hellis-berg, n. cavernous rock ;
-dyrr, f. pi. door (entrance] of a cave ;
-matSr, m. cave-dweller, outlaw ;
-munni, m. mouth of a cave ; -skuti,
m. jutting cave.
hellna-grjot, \\._flat stones, slabs.
hellu-steinn, m.flat stone, slab.
helma, f. haulm, straw.
helming, f. = helmingr.
helminga (a(5), v. to halve.
helminga-skipti, n. division in two
equal portions.
helmingr (-s, -ar), m. half; at helm-
ingi, by half; skipta i helminga, to
share in two equal portions.
helmings-felag, n. joint company
(with equal shares).
helsi, n. collar, esp. for a dog.
hel-skor, m. pi. shoes for the dead ;
atafir, m. pi. baneful characters ;
-stritS, n. agony.
heltast (t), v. refl. to become lame.
helti, f. lameness.
helu-fall, n. fall of rime ; -kaldr,
a. rime-cold ; -J)oka, f . rime-fog, mist.
hel-vegr, m. the way to Hel ; -viti,
n. hell, the abode of the damned.
helvitis-kvalir, f. pi. torments of
hell ; -maSr, m. a man doomed to hell.
helvizkr, a. hellish, infernal.
helzt, adv. superl. (cf. ' heldr '), most
of all, especially (hefi ek J>at helzt i
hug mer).
helzti, adv. far too (= helzt til) ; h.
lengi,/Ii!r too long.
helztr, a. superl., see ' heldri '.
hemingr, m. the skin of the shanks.
henda (henda, hendr), v. (i) to
catch with the hand (hann kastaSi
heininni i lopt upp, en allir vildu h.) ;
to pick out or up (hann safnar monn-
um til at h. svinin) ; h. e-t augum, to
catch with the eyes ; h. til smatt ok
stort, to pick up small and great alike,
look closely after ; h. gaman (skemtan)
at e-u, to take a delight in (hann
hendi skemtan at sogum ok kvsedum);
h. sakir & e-m, to pick up charges
against one ; (2) to touch, concern one
(tiSendi >au, er bascSi okkr henda) ;
(3) to befall, happen to one ; J>a" hafSi
hent gloepska mikil, they had com-
mitted a great folly ; hann kva6 f>at
dugandi menn h. (it happened to brave
men] at falla i bardogum.
hendi-langr, a. helpful, ready to
help (vera e-m -langr um e-t).
hending (pi. -ar), f. (i) catching \
var i hendingum me5 t>eim, they were
near coming to close quarters ; (2)
rhyme or assonance ; rhyming or
assonating syllable.
hendingar-or5, n. rhyming syllable.
hendi-samr, a. picking, thievish.
hengi-skafl, \n. jutting heap of snow.
hengja (-da, -dr), v. to hang up,
suspend ; to hang on a gallows ; h.
sik, to hang oneself.
henta (-nti, -nt, or aft), v. to fit, be
suitable for (sdrum monnum hentir
betr mj61k en mungat) ; eigi hentir
sva, */ will not do that way.
henti-ligr, a. befitting, = hentr.
hent-leikr, m. opportunity.
hentr, a. fit, suited for one ; er slik-
um monnum bezt hent J>ar, there is
the right place for such men.
hentug-leikr, m.* hentleikr.
hentugr, a. befitting, convenient.
heppi-fengr, a. making a good catch.
heppinn, a. lucky, fortunate.
hepta (-pta, -ptr), v. (i) to bind,
fetter ; h. hross, hest, to hobble a horse ;
(2) to impede, hinder (illt er flyjanda
at h.) ; h. sik, to restrain oneself, for-
bear; refl. to be thwarted (heptist
ferd J>eirra).
HEPTI
[195]
HERJA
hepti, n. haft (of a dirk).
hep ting, f. tether ; impediment.
hepti-sax, n. a kind of dagger.
her, adv. (l) here ; a landi h., in this
country ; h. ok hvar, here and there ;
(2) here, hither (margir ]3eir er h.
koma); (3) with preps., h. af, here
from, from this ; h. eptir, hereafter,
according to this ; h. fyrir, for this,
therefore ; h. til, hereto ; h. um, in
this, as regards this.
heraft, n. (i) district ; (2) country,
opp. to 'beer' (town}.
heraSs-bondi, m. franklin ; -bot, f.
bettering the affairs of a district ;
-brestr, m. a crash that can be heard
all over the district ; -bygft, f. a dis-
trict and its people ; -deild, f. district
quarrel; -fleygr, a. quickly known
over a district ; -flotti, m. flight or
exile from a district; -fundr, m.
district meeting; -iaeta, f. = -vist ;
kirkja, f. parish church ; -konungr,
m. kinglet ; -rikr, a. of influence in
one's district; -sekr, a. outlawed
within a district ; -sekt, f. outlawry
within a district ; -stjorn, f. district
government ; -vist, f. abiding within
a certain district; -vasrt, a. n., eiga
-vaert, to be at liberty to reside within
a district ; -bing, n. district assembly
(in contrast to the * alj)ingi ').
heraft-vaert, a. n. = heraSs-vasrt.
her-baldr, m. poet., warrior.
her-bergi, n. (i) room ; (2) lodgings,
quarters (var J)eim visat fyrst i gesta-
hus til herbergis).
herbergis-maSr, m., -sveinn, m.
groom of the chamber.
herbergja (-c5a, -tSr), v. (i) to har-
bour (a person) ; (2) to lodge, take up
one's quarters (= h. sik).
her-blastr, m. blast of trumpets ;
-bo$, n. war summons ; -brestr, m.
explosion ; -buftir, f. pi. camp ; -buinn,
pp. armed ; -buna&r, m. armament.
hertSa (-rSa, -rtSr), v. (i) to make
hard, temper (h. jarn, sver5) ; (2) to
press, clench ; h. hendr (knua) at e-u,
to clench with the hands \fists] ; fig., h.
atgongu, to make the attack harder ;
(3) to make firm, exhort; h. huginn,
h. sik, to take heart, exert oneself;
(4) absol. to follow closely, pursue
vigorously (Birkibeinar herdu eptir
J>eim) ; h. aYram, to push on; h. at
(e-m>, to press hard (upon one}; (5)
impers. to become hard; ve5r (ace.)
herdi, it blew up a gale ; herdi seglit,
the sail was strained hard (by the
gale) ; (6) refl. to take heart (bafl
konungr menn vel vi5 herQast).
herfta, f. (i) tempering (of steel),
steeling; (2) hardness, severity,
herSa-drengr, m. hump on the back
(cf. ' herSar ') ; -litill, a. narrow-
shouldered; -munr, m. superiority,
superior force.
herftar, f. pi. shoulders, the upper
part of the back.
herSar-blatS, n. shoulder blade.
hertSa-sar, n. a wound over the
shoulders; -toppr, m. shoulder tuft
(of a horse's mane).
herc5i, f. hardness, hardihood.
hertSi-breiftr, a. broad-shouldered;
-litill, a. = herdalitill ; -lutr, a. with
stooping shoulders.
her&i-matSr, m. hardy man.
herfti-mikill. a. = -breiSr ; -{)ykkr,
a. thick-shouldered.
hercSu-goSr, a. well tempered (0x
herdugod ok snarpegg).
her-draga (see draga), v. to drag
violently (at gripa, sla, eSa h.).
her-fang, n. booty (taka fe e-s at
-fangi) ; -fenginn, pp. captured, taken
by force ; -fert5, f. ( I ) warfare, military
expedition ; (2) host.
herfi, n. harrow.
herfi-liga, adv. wretchedly ; -ligr, a.
wretched.
her-f j oturr, m . * war-fetter ' ; -flokkr,
m. body of warriors ; -folk, n. men
of war; -forur, f. pi. harness;
-fcerr, a. able for war service; -f6r,
f. = -ferd (i); -ganga, f. march;
-gjarn, a. warlike ; -glotuSr, m.
destroyer of hosts ; -hlaup, n. rush-
ing to arms ; -horn, n. war trumpet.
heri, m. hare ; hafa hera hjarta, to
be hare-hearted.
herja (acS), v. (i) to go harrying or
freebooting; (2) with ace. to harry,
despoil, waste (h. land) ; refl., herjast
d, to harry (wage war on) one another-
HERJA-FOBR
[193]
HERTOGA-WAFN
herja-foftr, m.j 'either of hosts, Odin.
Herjan, m. Lord cf hosts (a name
of Odin).
herjans-kerling, f. hag; -sonr, m.
'devils limb', wretch.
her-kastali, m. castle, stronghold.
her-kerling, f., only in ' hver -kerl-
ing ', every old woman.
herkja, v. to drag oneself along.
her-klukka, f. alarm-bell ; -klsefta
(-dda, -ddr), v. to clothe in armour;
refl., -klaeQast, to put on armour ;
-klffiSi, n. pi. armour ; -konungr, m.
warrior-king; -kumbl, -kuml, n.
war token, arms (on shields).
her-kvama, f. arrival.
her-land, n. harried land; -leifta
(-dda, -ddr), v. to lead off into cap-
tivity ; -leifting, f. captivity ; -leiftsla,
f. = -leiSing.
hr-lendr, -lenzkr, a. domestic,
native, opp. to ' utlenzkr ' (foreign).
her-litS, n. war-people, troops ; -ligr,
a. martial-looking ; -lu*r, m. war
trumpet (peyta h.).
henna (-da, -dr), v. (i) to relate,
repeat, report (h. orfl e-s) ; (2) h. eptir
e-m, to imitate or mimic one.
her-maSr, m. man of war, war-
rior (hann var mikill h.).
hermann-liga, 2&v. gallantly; -ligr,
a. gallant, martial.
hermast (d), v. refl. to wax wroth
(e-m hermist vi6 e-n).
hermd, f. vexation, anger.
hermdar-fullr, a. wrathful; -litr,
m. colour of wrath ; -orS, n. pi. angry
words ; -verk, n. deed of renown (?) ;
-yrSi, n. pi. = -ortf.
her-megir, m. pi. warriors.
hermi-kraka, f. mimic, ape.
hermi-liga, adv. right angrily.
herming, f. indignation, wrath.
hermt, pp. n., e-m verSr h. vi3 e-t,
to wax angry with a thing.
herna, adv. here ( her).
herna (5ar-f61k, n., -menn, m. pi.
plunderers, forayers ; -raft, n. pi. a
planning for phmder ; -sok, f. a case
of raid.
hernaftr (gen. -ar), m. (i) harrying,
plundering ; (2) warfare, raid, foray
(hefja hernad, fara i hernaQ).
her-nema (see nema), v. to cap-
ture, take by force.
herneskja, f. armour.
her-numi, a., -numinn, pp. captive;
-op, n. war-cry, war-whoop.
herr (gen. hers, older herjar), m.
(1) crowd, great number (fylgdi oss h.
manna) ; me8 her manns, with a host
of men ; uvigr h., overwhelming host ;
(2) army, troops (on land and sea).
Cf. * allsherjar- '.
herra (indecl. in sing.; pi. herr ar),
m. master, lord.
herra (aft), v. to confer the title of
' herra ' upon a person.
herra-domr, m., -doeml, n. lordship ;
dominion ; -ligr, a. lordly ; -maSr,
m. lordly man, lord, knight.
herramann-liga, adv. in lordly
manner; -ligr, a. lordly.
herra-samligr, a. = herraligr.
her-saga, f. war-news.
hers-borinn, pp. born of a hersir.
hers-hofSingi, m. commander of an
army ; general.
hersir (-is, -ar), m. a local chief or
lord (in Norway).
herskapar-buningr, m. warlike
equipment ; -foer i, n . implement of war,
her-skapr, m. harrying, warfare ;
-skar, a. (i) warlike, martial; (2) ex-
posed to raid or warfare, in a state
of war (landit var J)a -skatt ; f f>ann
tima var mjok -skatt) ; -skip, n. war-
ship; -skjoldr, m. war shield; fara
land -skildi, to harry a land (= herja
land) ; -skrdft, n., -skrut5i, m. har-
ness ; -skryddr, pp. clad in armour ;
-spori, m. caltrop.
herstast (st), v. refl. to speak harshly
to one (h. d. e-n).
hersti-ligr, a. harsh.
her-stjdri, m. commander ; -stjorn,
f. command of troops.
herstr, a. harsh ; masla herst vid e-n,
to speak harshly to one.
her-taka (see taka), v. to capture ;
-taka konu, to abduct a woman ; -taka,
f. captivity ; -taki, m. captive ; -tekja,
-tekning, f. = -taka.
hertoga-domr, m. leadership; duke-
dom ; -doemi, n. duchy ; -nafn, n.
title of a duke.
HER-TOGI
[197]
HEYRA
her-togi, m. ( I ) commander of troops ;
(2) duke; -vaSir, f. pi. armour ;
-vapn, n. pi. weapons; -vegr, m.
highway ; -virki, n. ravaging, plun-
dering, damage.
her-vist, f. dwelling here.
her-vigi, n. ravage, man-slaughter ;
-vikin.gr, m.flunderer, pirate', -veetSa
(-dda, -ddr), v. = -klsefla.
herzla, f. tempering (of steel).
her-purft, f. want of troops ; -or, f.
'war-arrow' (sent round as a token
of war) ; skera upp -or, to summon a
district to arms.
hesli,n. hazel-wood', -kylfa, f. hazel-
club ; -skogr, m. hazel-wood', -stong,
f. hazel-pole ; -vondr, m. hazel-wand.
hespa, f. (i) hasp, fastening', (2)
skein (of wool).
hesta-at, n. horse-fight ; -birgr, a.
well provided with horses ; -geldir,
m. horse gelder ; -geymala, f. horse
keeping', -gneggjan, f. neighing of
horses ; -gnyr, m. noise (din) of horse-
men ; -jam, n. pi. horse-shoes ; -keyr-
sla, f. driving the horses on, in a
horse-fight ; -kostr, m. supply of
horses (hafa litinn -kost) ; -lift, n.
horsemen ; -maftr, m. = -sveinn ;
-skipti, n. change of horses ; -stafr,
m. horse ^^"(used in a horse-fight) ;
-stallr, m. = hest-hus ; -sveinn, m.
horse boy, groom ; -va<S, n. horse ford ;
-vig, n. horse-fight; -ping, n. a meet-
ing for a public horse-fight.
hest-bak, n. horse-back ; -bein, n.
horse bone ; -birgr, a. = hestabirgr ;
-brynja, f. armour for a war-horse ;
-biinatSr, m. horse-gear; -fcerr, a.
able to ride ; -gangr, m. set of horse-
shoes ; -gjof, f. gift of a horse ; -hus,
n. horse-stall, stable ; -klarr, m. hack;
-Ian, n. loan of a horse ; -lauss, a.
without a horse.
hestr (-s, -ar), m. (l) stallion (hestar
prir ok merhross eitt) ; (2) horse.
hest-skeit$, n. race-course ; -skor,
m. horse-shoe ; -tonn, f. horse* s tooth ;
-vertS, n. horse's worth ; -vig, n.
= hesta-vig ; -vorftr, m. mounted
guard (halda hestvorS).
hetja, f. hero, dauntless man.
hetju-skapr, m. courage, valour.
hetta, f. (i) hood; (2) a kind of cape.
hey (dat. heyi or heyvi), n. hay ;
hirSa h., to get in hay ; pi. stores of hay
(hann hefir rasnt mik ollum heyjum).
hey-annir, f. pi. hay-making timt,
haying season ; -bjorg, f. stores of
hay (var6 all-litil -bjorg manna) ;
-dea, f. hay-rick ; -fang, n. produce of
hay ; -fatt, a. n., var -fa"tt, there was
little hay ; -garftr, m. stack-yard.
heygja (-tSa, -$r), v. to btiry in a
Jww (.haugr), = haugfoera.
ne y-gjof> i, giving hay (to horses or
cows) ; -hjalmr, m. hay-rick ; -hlass,
n. load of hay.
heyja (hey, hatSa, MiSr), v. (i) to
hold, conduct (h. ping, dom) ; h. gledi,
to indulge in mirth ; h. s6r orSfjolda,
to acquire a store of words ; (2) h.
orrostu, bardaga, holmgongu, to fight
a battle or duel (hann hafSi margar
orrostur hadar) ; refl., heyjast vi5 (viz.
bardaga), to fight, bandy words (peir
haSust par vid um stund).
heykjaat (t), v. refl. to bend, cower
down (h. ni5r).
hey-kleggi, m. = -des ; -kostr, m.
stores of hay ; -lauss, a. short of hay ;
-leiga, f. rent paid in hay ; -leysi, n.
failure in hay; -litill, a. short of
hay ; var -litit, there was little hay.
heyra (-tSa, -ftr), v. (i) to hear ; hann
heyrir pat, er gras groer a* jor6u, he
hears the grass grow ; h. ilia, to be
hard of hearing ; h. e-t til e-s, to hear
(a sound] from one ; hefir hvarki heyrt
til hans styn ne hosta, neither groan
nor cough has been heard from him ;
heyrir blastr (ace.) hans \ alia heima,
when he blows, it can be heard in all
the worlds ; (2) to listen to, give ear
to ; h. been e-s, to listen to (to grant)
one's prayer; h. a e-t, to listen to
(=hly<3a a e-t); (3) h. til e-s or h.
e-m til, to belong to, concern (petta
mal, er heyrir til dottur pinnar) ; pat
er til mm heyrir, as far as I am con-
cerned ; (4) with dat. to behove (mdr
heyrir eigi at pegja v55 y6r) ; (5) refl.,
e-m heyrist e-t, one thinks he hears ;
pa heyrdist peim ollum sem sveinninn
kvsedi petta, they all thought they
heard the boy say this (verse}.
HEYRANDI
[193]
HIKD-LIGR
heyrandi (pi. -endr), m. hearer ; i
heyranda (gen. pi.) hlj66i,z>* the hear-
ing of all, in public.
heyrtSr, pp. (i) able to hear (h. vel) ;
(2) listened to, paid heed to, esteemed
(biskup vel heyrSr).
heyri-ligr, a. becoming ; mer er -ligt
at, it is incumbent on me to.
heyrin-kunnigr, -kunnr, a. well
known, known to all.
heyrn, f. hearing ; i h. e-m, in one's
hearing; sumt ritaSi hann eptir sjalfs
sins \i.,from what he heard himself.
heyrum-kunnr, a. = heyrin-kunnr.
hey-sala, f. sale of hay ; -stal, n. the
middle of a hay-stack ; -taka, f. plun-
der of hay ; -teigr, m. strip of a hay-
field ; -tjuga, f. pitchfork ; -verfc, n.
payment for hay ; -verk, n. hay-
making \ -vondull, m. wisp of hay ;
-brot, n. want of hay ; -brota, a.
indecl. ^^r/ 0////y> ; -6nn, f. = -annir.
hifna-, = himna-.
higat, adv. = hingat.
hildi-leikr, m. game of war, battle
(poet.) ; -mei(5r, m. warrior (poet.).
hildingr (-a, -ar), m. chief, hero.
hildr (gen. hildar, dat. and ace.
hildi), f. battle (poet.) ; vekja hildi, to
wage war, to fight.
hilmir (gen. -is), m. chief , prince.
himbrin, n. great northern diver.
himin-bora, f. = -rauf ; -fastr, a.
fixed in heaven (of stars) ; -geisli, m.
heavenly beam ; -jofturr, m. the rim of
heaven ; -lopt, n. the vault of heaven.
himinn (gen. himins, dat. himni;
pi. himnar), m. heaven ; undir berum
himni, in the open air.
himin-raufar, f. pi. the windows of
heaven ; -riki, n. kingdom of heaven ;
-skaut, n. quarter of heaven ; -tungl,
n. heavenly body ; -vangr, m. field of
heaven (a -vanga).
himna-braut5, n. bread of heaven,
manna ; -drottinn, m. king of heaven;
-fagna<5r, m. heavenly joy ; -mjol, n.
fiour of 'heaven, manna ; -riki, n. king-
dom of heaven ; -vald, n. heavenly
power ; -vist, f. abode in heaven.
himneskr, a. heavenly.
hind, f. hind (female of 'hjortr').
hindra (at5), v. (i) to keep behind,
hinder ; (2) to loiter, linger ; h. eptir
-u, to loiter about a thing ; (3) im-
pers., e-n hindrar e-t, one wants or
lacks a thing.
hindri,a.compar.(rare),hindradags,
the next day.
hindr-vitni, f. idolatry, superstition.
hingat, adv. hither ; -bur <5r, m. the
birth of Christ ; -ferS, -for, f. journey
hither; -kvama, f. coming hither,
arrival.
hinka (acS), v. to limp, hobble.
hinkr, n. loitering, delay.
hinn (hin, hitt), dem. pron. (i) the
other ; a" hinn fotinn, on the other leg ;
pi. the others, the rest (Kimbi bar sar
sin engan mun betr en hinir) ; (2) em-
phatically, that ; hitt ek hugSa, that
was what I thought ; hitt vil ek vita,
that I want to know.
hinn (hin, Irt), def. art., before an
adjective standing alone or followed
by a substantive, the, = inn, enn (eptir
hinni eystri kvisl).
hinna, i.film, membrane.
hinnig (=hinneg, hinnog), adv.
(i) there, in the other place, opp. to
' her' ; (2) the other way ( = hinn veg) ;
( 3 ) th us, so;(t)the other day, formerly ;
(5) hither.
hinztr (hinnstr), a. superl. hind-
most, last; hinzta sinni, for the last
time ; h. fundr, the last meeting.
hirc5, f. a king's or earl's body git ard ;
the kings men (hann hefir ok h. um
sik sem kommgr).
hirfta (-r<5a, ,-rt5r), v. (i) to keep in
"
bar sem a5r voru); (2) h. hey, to
gather in hay ; (3) to hide, conceal ;
(4) to mind, care for (aldregi hir6i ek
j>at) ; h. eigi um e-t, not to care about
(beir hirSu ekki um Iff sitt) ; hirS eigi,
hirQit eigi, do not seek (hird eigi bii at
hopa a hasl !).
hirS-biskup, m. kings bishop;
-broftir, m. comrade among king's
men ; -bunac5r, m. apparel for king's
men.
hirtSir (-is, -ar), m. herdsman, shep-
herd; pastor.
hir<5-li8, n. the king's troops ; -ligr,
a. belonging to the king's men, courtly
HIRD-LOQ
[199]
(-lig mdlsnild) ; -16g, n. pi. law s and
statutes of the kings men, their com-
munity or fellowship (taka e-n i -log) ;
-maftr, m. king's man.
hirftmanna-iuftr, m. a trumpet be-
longing to the king's men ; -stefna, f.
a hustings of king's men.
hirtS-meBr, f. court lady ; -prestr,
m. king's chaplain ; -prutSr, a. cour-
teous ; -pry Si, f. royal pomp ; -siftir,
m. pi. the customs of the kings men ;
-stefna, f. meeting of the king's men ;
-stjori, m. the captain of the king's
men ; -stjorn, f. the dignity of a -stjori ;
-stofa, f. king's hall', -sveit, f. the host
of king's men ; -vist, f. the position
of a king's man.
hirftu-leysa, f. carelessness, neglect.
hirsi, n. millet.
hirta (-rta, -rtr), v. to chastise.
hirting, f. chastisement.
hirtingar-lauss, a. unchastised ;
leysi, n. want of chastisement ; -orft,
n. pi. severe words ; -samr, a. severe.
hirzla, f. (i) keeping-, (2) box, chest.
hita, f. heating, heat.
hiti, m. heat, warmth.
hitna (atS), v. to become hot ; impers.,
e-m hitnar, one gets hot (warm}.
hitta (-tta, -ttr), v. (i) to hit upon,
meet with one ; h. rdfl, to hit upon a
device ; h. leicHna, to find one's way ;
absol., h. inn i vaginn, to find the way
into the bay ; sjaldan hittir Ieic5r \ lid,
an unwelcome guest always misses
the feast ;. h. i vandrasQi, to get into
scrapes ; h. a" e-t, to hit upon (hitti
hann bar a >6rolf ) ; (2) to hit, strike
(spjotit hitti \ brjost hestsins); (3) to
visit, call on, see (foru J)d margir
menn at h. H^kon konung) ; (4) refl.,
hittasr, to meet one another', hann
bad ba vel fara ok heila h. (meet again
safe and sound}.
hitu-eldr, m. a fire for heating
(brewing] ; -hus, n. brew-house ;
-ketill, m. boiler.
hixta (-xta, -xt), v. to hiccough ; to
sob ; mefian i ond hixti, while the
breath rattled in his throat.
hixti, m. hiccough ; sobbing.
hi-byli, n. see ' hy-byli '.
hitS, n. lair, den, esp. of a bear.
hiS-bjorn, m. common bear.
hit, f. skin-bag.
hjal, n. chatter, talk.
hjala (atS), v. to chatter, talk (h. viO
e-n); hjalast vi6, to talk together.
hjaldr (-rs), m.. fight, battle (poet.).
hjal-drjugt, a. n. talkative, chatter-
ing', J)eim verflr -drjugt, they have
much to say.
hjalli, m. ledge in a mountain side.
hjallr, m. (i) scaffold, frame of tim-
ber; (2) shed (for drying fish).
hjals-kona, i. female friend.
hjalt, n. (i) the boss or knob at the
end of a sword-hilt (eptra, efra hjaltit) ;
(2) the guard between the hilt and
blade (fremra hjaltit).
Hjalt-land, n. Shetland', -lendingr
(-s, -ar), m. Shetlander; -lenzkr,
-neskr, a., from Shetland.
hjara, f. hinge, hjarri.
hjartSar-sveinn, m. = hjarS-sveinn.
hjarS-hundr, m. shepherd's dog;
-reki, m. = -sveinn ; -rsekr, a. able to
drive a drove ; -sveinn, m. shepherd
boy ; -tik, f. shepherd's dog.
hjarn, n. hard frozen snow.
hjarna (aft), v. to revive, recover
strength (h. vid).
hjarni, m. brain, = heili.
hjarn-skal, m. brain pan, skull.
hjarri, m. hinge.
hjarsi, m. the crown of the head.
hjarta (pi. hjortu, gen. hjartna),
n. (i) heart; (2) mind, feeling.
hjarta-blauftr, a. cowardly ; -bloft,
n. hearfs blood; -g6(5r, a. kind-
hearted; -ligr, a. hearty; -pruftr,
a. stout-hearted, generous ; -pry Si, f.
stoutness of heart, courage ; -ragr, a.
= -blau5r ; -rostr, f. pi. heart-strings ;
sar, n. heart wound; -tregi, m.
heart-ache.
hjart-bloft, n. = hjarta-blod ; -folg-
inn, pp. heart-felt, cherished in the
heart; -morr, m. the fat aboitt the
heart; -nasmr, a. heart-touching ;
-sari, a. heart-sore, broken-hearted.
hjart-skinn, n. deer-skin (hjart-
skinns glofar).
hjassi, m. see ' hjarsi '.
hjassi, m. a fabulous beast.
hja, prep, with dat. (i) by, near;
HJA-BtT
[200]
HJOR-DROTT
liggja (sitja) h. e-m, to lie (sit] by one ;
sofa (hvila) hja" e-m, to sleep with one;
h. durunum, near (close to} the door ;
(2) by, with ; vera h. e-m, to stay with
one ; vera i gistingu h. e-m, to lodge
with one ; ma6r einn var eptir h. hon-
um, was left with him ; (3) present ;
sva" at Flosi var h., in the prese?ice
of F.; (4) past, by; fara, ganga h.
e-m, to go by ', pass one (ma"na6i siSarr
foru beir h. mer katir); farast h., to
pass by one another; fara h. ser, to go
beside oneself; fram h. Knafaholum,
Past K.; beir ri5u h. fram, they rode
by; (^)in comparison with (to) ; hof5u
beir fa"tt kvikfjar h. bvi sem burfti,
they had few live stock in comparison
with what was needed.
hja-bu, n. out-lying estate ; -hvila,
f. concubinage ; -kona, f. concitbine ;
-leikr, m. trick.
hjalmaftr, pp. helmed.
hjdlm-barft, n. helmet-rim ; -b6nd,
n. pi. helmet strings ; -drott, f. helmed
host, war host ; -gjorft, f. rim of a
helmet; -hottr, m. helmet-hood (a
kind of cowl put over the helmet) ;
-laukr, m. a kind of leek, garlic.
hjalmr (-s, -ar), m. ( i ) helm, helmet ;
(2) rick (of hay or barley).
hjalm-stafr, m. warrior (poet.) ;
-stofn, m. the head; -vitr, f. * helm-
wight\ Valkyrie.
hjalmun-volr, hjalm-volr, m. tiller
of a helm.
hjalp (-ar, -ir), f. help.
hjalpa (help ; halp or hjalp, hulp-
um; holpinn), v. (i) to help (h.
e-m); h. e-m viS = h. e-m; (2) to
save (h. Hfi sfnu) ; refl. to be saved
(ba~ munu ver hjalpast allir saman).
hjalpa (atS), v. = prec.
hjalpar-gata, f. a way to help.
hjalpari, m. helper, saviour.
hjalpar-lauss, a. helpless ; -mat$r,
m. (i) helper; (2) one saved; ek mun
vera -ma6r, ef, / shall be saved, if;
-raft, n. helping advice.
hjalp-lauss, a. helpless ; -leysi, n.
helplessness ; -raft, -raefti, n. helping
advice ; help, means of saving ; -saxn-
ligr, a. helpful, salutary ; -semd, f.
help, salvation ; -vcnligr, a. promis-
ing help, likely to help, salutary ;
-vaann, a. = -vaenligr.
hja-mdll, a. refractory, obstinate ;
-stafta, f. assistance ; -stigr, m. by-
path ; -toskr, a. missing one's hold ;
-vera, -vist, f. presence.
hjol, n. wheel (vagnar a" hjolum) ;
brjota a hjoli, to break (a person) on
the wheel.
hjol-vagn, m. cart on wheels.
hjon or hjun, n. (i ) one of the hottse-
hold (grifikona var hit briSja h.); (2)
pi. married coiiple, man and wife
(Hoskuldr bad hanavinna beim hjon-
um); (3) domestic, servant (ef bu
synir skilriki, at hann se bitt h. = binn
vinnumadr) ; re'zt hann bar at hjoni,
he took service there.
hjona, n. = hjon (rare).
hjona-band, n. matrimony ; -lift, n.
domestic servants; -ligr, a. connubial;
-skilnaftr, m. divorce ; -tak, n. hiring
of servants ; -val, n. choice of ser-
vants (eigi hefik dyggt h.).
hjon-xnargr, a., hafa -margt, to have
many servants.
hju (pi. hjii, dat. hjum), n. = hjon,
hjun; (i) beir rdku hann i stofu ok
hju hans 611, and all his household-
people ; (2) hju g0r6u hvilu, man and
wife went to rest; (3) hann rei3 heim
a" Laugaland ok red se'r hju, and en-
gaged servants.
hjufra (aft), v. to weep.
hjuka (aft), v. to nurse a sick person
(h. e-m, h. at or vi6 e-m) ; refl., to
recover strength (hon hjukast litt vi3
bessa fceSu).
hjukan, f. nursing (of a sick person),
hju-kolfr, m. convivial meeting.
hjun, n. = hjon.
hjupa (aft), v. to shroud (a corpse).
hjupr, m. a kind of doublet.
hjuskapar-band, n. bond of matri-
mony ; -far, n. cohabitation ; -mal, n.
a case referring to marriage ; -raft,
n. pi. the contracting of matrimony ;
-samlag, n. wedlock.
hju-skapr, m. matrimony.
hjdlp (gen. hjalpar), f. = hja'lp.
hjorft (gen. hjarftar, dat. hjorftu;
pi. hjarftir), f. herd, flock.
hjor-drott, f. sword- company ;
HJOR-LEIKR
[201]
HLE-BORB
-leikr, m. l sword-play *, fight; -logr,
m. ' sword-liquid ) blood (poet.).
bj6rr (gen. hjarar and hjors, dat.
iyorvi), m. sword.
hjor-stefna, f. ' sivord-meeting\
battle, fight (poet.).
hjortr (gen. hjartar, dat. hirti ; pi.
hirtir, ace. hjortu), m. hart, stag.
lyor-undaSr, pp. wounded by a
sword ; -{>ing, n. = -stefna.
hlacS, n. (i) pile, stack; (2) pave-
ment (in front of a homestead) ; (3)
border, lace-work ; feldr buinn hloSum,
a laced cloak.
hlafta (hle<5; hlo<5, hloftum; hlafc-
inn), v. (i) to pile up (h. korni i
hjalma) ; h. grjoti (helium) at hofSi
6'5rum, to be present at another's
burial, to survive ; (2) to build, with
ace. (h. vegg, vor6u); (3) to load, esp.
lade a ship (h. skip e-u, af e-u, me6
e-u) ; kistur hlaSnar af gulli, chests
laden with gold ; (4) to fell, lay pro-
strate, with dat. (gatu J>eir hladit honum
um si6ir ok bundu hann) ; h. seglum,
to take in sail', (5) to slay (bera vapn
a Finnana ok f hladit >eim) ; (6)
refl., hiaSast at, to throng, crowd;
ver viljum eigi, at fjolmenni hlaSist
at (throng to see), er vererum afklaed-
dir ; hlaoast a" mara boga, to mount
the horses.
hlafta, f. store-house, barn.
hla(5-bu(5, f. a booth with walls of
turf or stones.
hlacS-buinn, pp. ornamented with
lace, laced ( hloSum buinn).
hlafti, m.pile, stack.
hlakka (aft), v. (i) to cry, scream
(of the eagle) ; (2) to rejoice ; h. yfir
e-u, to exidt over a thing.
hlanim, n. a dull, heavy sound.
hlamma (acS), v. (I) to give a dull,
heavy sound; (2) to exult.
hland, n. urine ; -ausa, -skjola, f.,
-trog, n. urine trough.
hlass, n. cart-load.
hlaup, n. (i) leap, jump (Egill hlj6p
yfirdikit,en patvar ekki annara manna
h.); (2) run,running; taka h., to take
to running, to run (hann tok h, heim
til herbergis) ; vera i hlaupum ok
sendiforum, to run on errands \ (3) a
sudden rise (in a river], flood, freshet
(hlaup kom i na) ; (4) assault ( =
frumhlaup).
hlaupa (hleyp ; Ujop, Ujopum ;
hlaupinn), v. (i) to leap, jump (hann
hljop meirr en haed sina) ; hljopu J>eir
a hesta sina, they sprang upon their
horses ; h. fyrir boro, utbyrfiis, to leap
overboard ; h. a sund, to leap into the
water; h. upp, to spring to one's feet,
start up (J)a hljopu vardmenn upp) ;
(2) = renna, to run (peir hlaupa eptir,
en hann kemst a" skog undan) ; refl.,
hlaupast a" brott, to run away ; (3) of
a river, to flood; hljopu votn fram ok
leysti arnar, the waters rose in flood
and the ice was broken ; of ice, mikit
svell var hlaupit upp (there was a
great sloping sheet of ice) 66ru megin
fljotsins ; (4) with preps., h. at e-m,
h. a e-n, to attack one ; h. a", to come
suddenly on, spring up, of a gale (>
hljop a" utsynningr steinoSi) ; h. saman,
of a wound, to heal over ; h. i sundr,
to open up again (sa"rit var hlaupit i
sundr).
hlaupa-far, n. assault; pi. -for, up-
roar ; -piltr, m. errand boy.
hlaupari, m. (i) landlouper; (2)
charger (horse).
hlaup-ar, n. leap-year.
hlaupingi (pi. -jar), m. landlouper,
mnaway.
hlaup-oftr, a. in a great flurry;
-rifr, a. precipitate ; -stigr, m. run-
away-path (taka e-n {)eim -stigi).
hlaut, f. blood of sacrifice.
hlaut-bolli, m. sacrificial bowl;
-teinn, m. sacrificial twig (for sprink-
ling the blood with).
hlaka, f. thaw.
hlana (a<$), v. to thaw (ve5r tok at
pykkna ok hldna).
hlalr (gen. -rar and -rs), m. laugh-
ter; reka upp h., to burst out laugh-
ing; hafa e-t at hlatri, to ridicule,
make a laughing-stock of.
hlatr-mildr, a. prone to laughing.
h!6, n. (i) shelter; (2) lee, lee side;
sigla a h., to stand to leeward.
h!6-barSr, m. (i) leopard (also poet.
bear, wolf) ; (2) shield (poet.).
h!6-borc, n. the lee side.
HLEDI
[202]
HLJ6B
hlefti, m. shutter (= hleri).
hleifr (-s, -ar), m. loaf.
hleifs-efni, n. dough for a loaf.
hleina (-da), v. to guard oneself "(?).
hlekkjast (t), v., in the phrase, e-m
hlekkist &, one gets impeded, suffers
miscarriage.
hlekkr (-s or -jar ; pi. -ir), m. link ;
pi. a chain of links.
hlemmr (-s, -ar), m. trap-door.
hlenni, m. robber (poet.).
hlenni-ina(5r, m. robber, thief.
H16r (gen. Hies), m. the Sea.
hler, n. listening; standa a hleri, to
stand eaves-dropping or listening.
hler a (atS), v. to listen.
hleypa (-ta, -t), v. (i) to make one
run or go ; to move or impel in some
way ; h. njosnarmonnum d land upp,
to send spies ashore ; hleypti hann
annarri bruninni ofan a kinnina, he let
one eye-brow sink upon the cheek ; h.
hurd i Ms, to shut a door ; h. a"nni i
veg sinn, to lead the river into its
channel; h. e-u a" e-n, to cause to fall
upon one (hleypti Groa skrifiu a" f>) ;
hann hleypir ut vatni miklu or sulli-
, he presses much water out of the
sore ; h. or e-m auganu, to poke the eye
out ; (2) to throw off (h. heimdraga-
num) ; h. akkerum, to cast anchors ;
(3) h. berki af trjam, to cut the bark
off 'the trees ; h. upp dominum, to break
up the court (by violence) ; (4) to
gallop, ride swiftly = h. hesti (Hrung-
nir var6 reiSr ok hleypti eptir honum).
hleypi-fifl, n. a headlong fool;
-flokkr, m. band of rovers', -for, f.
ramble, roving", -hvel, n. a kind of
war engine ; -ma(5r, m. rover.
hleyping, f. galloping.
hleypi-piltr, m. errand-boy ; -skip,
n., -skuta, f. swift boat.
hleyta-menn, m. pi. kinsmen.
hleyti, n. (i) part = leyti ; (2) pi.
affinity ; g0ra h., bindast hleytum vi6
e-n, to marry into another's family.
hlift, n. (i) gate, gateway (h. heitir
a" garfii) ; (2) wide gap ; (3) space,
interval (var hvergi h. i milli) ; (4)
space oj time ; pause, halt (eptir J>at
vard h. a" orrostunni).
hlitS (pi. -ar), f. side ; standa a" aQra
h. e-m, to stand on one side of one ;
tvser hlifiar e-m, on either side of one ;
allar hli6ar, on all sides.
li^a (at5), v. to give way, recede
(h. undan, h. fyrir e-m) ; refl., hlidast,
to become open.
hlitS-farmr, m. 'side-burthen', load
(-farmr Grana); -lauss, a. without
a gate or opening (veggir -lausir) ;
-xnfiBltr, pp. said in oblique speech.
Hli(5-skjalf, f. the seat of Odin.
hliS-skjar, m. side window ; -veggr,
m. side wall.
hlic5-vort5r, m. porter.
hli5 (pi. -ir), f. mountain side, slope
(fagrar hliSir grasi vaxnar).
hlif (pi. -ar), f. cover, shelter, pro-
tection, esp. shield.
hlifa (-t5a, -t), v. (i) to shelter, pro-
tect, with dat. (h. seV med skildi, en
vega me5 sverSi) ; (2) to spare, deal
gently with (mun ek ekki h. pdr i g0r6-
inni) ; refl., hlifast vi6 e-n, to spare
one (hann hlifSist l>d vi6 engan mann) ;
h. vid at g0ra e-t, to refrain from
doing a thing; h. vi6, to hold back
(sumir hlifchist vi5 mjok).
hlifar-lauss, a. uncovered.
hliftS, f. protection, defence.
hlif<5ar-lauss,a.=hlifarlaus ; -sta^r,
m. safe place ; -vdpn, n. weapon of
defence.
hlifi-skjoldr (hlif-skjoldr), m. shield
of defence (hafa e-n at -skildi).
hlit, f. sufficiency ) satisfaction ; til
(nokkurrar) hlitar, tolerably, pretty
well', at go Sri h., very well indeed.
hlita (-tta, -tt), v. (i),/0 rely on,
trust, with dat. (hlitir AstriSr ekki
b'Srum konum at J)vi at pjona honum
i lauginni) ; (2) to rest satisfied with,
be content with (var hann kvasntr, en
hlitti J)6 eigi ]?eirri einni saman) ; eigi
ma" t>vi einu h., er bezt pykkir, one
must put up with something short of
the best ; eigi mun minna vi5 h., less
than that will not do ; eigi muntu bvi
einu fyrir h., thou shalt not get off
with that ; (3) to submit to, abide by
(h. sastt, h. orskurfli, domi, ra"Sum e-sj.
hljoS, n. (i) silence, hearing; bi6ja
(kveSja ser) hljoQs, to beg (ask for] a
hearing (Njall kvaddi se"r hljoSs) ; fd
HLJODA
[203]
HLUTR
h., to get a hearing; begja bunnu
hlj66i, to keep a watchful silence; af
hljoSi, i hljoSi, in all stillness ', silently ;
(2) sound (>orfinnr kom engu hljofii i
luSrinn) ; koma a h. um e-t, to be-
come aware of; drepr h. or e-m, one
is struck dumb ; (3) musical sound,
tune ; (4) trumpet (h. Heimdallar =
Gjallarhorn).
hljocSa (a<$), v. to sound (hverr stafr
hljo<3ar meS longu hljo<3ie3a skommu).
hlj6(5a(5r, a. sounding; sorgsamliga
h., having a plaintive note.
hlj6(5a-grein, f. distinction of sound,
accentuation.
hi jo (San, f. sound, tune.
hlj6<5-bjalla, f. tinkling bell; -fall,
n. consonancy ; -fegi (5, f. euphony ;
-fyllandi, m., -fylling, f. = stuSill ;
-foeri, n. musical instrument ; -g6(5r,
a. well-tuned; -latr, a. reticent ', taci-
turn ; -leikr, m. silence, sadness ;
-liga, adv. in all stillness, silently ;
ligr, a. silent; -lyndr, a. taciturn ;
-lti, n. stillness ; -mikill, a. shrill-
sounding ; -maeli, n. secrecy ; fcera
e-t f -masli, to /ius/i up.
hljo^na (aS), v. to become silent;
bar til hlj65nar um mal bessi, //// the
noise about it siibsides.
hljoSr (hljotS, hljott), a. silent, taci-
turn ; tala hljott, to speak in a low
voice ; lata hljott um sik, to keep
quiet : var hljott, there was silence.
hljotS-samliga, adv. = hljoSliga ;
-samr, a. = hlj66r ; -semd, -semi, f.
stillness, calmness.
hljoSs-grein, f. (i) a kind of sound \
(2) pronunciation ; (3) accentuation.
hljotS-stafr, m. vowel.
hljomr (gen. -s), m. sound, tune.
hljota (hlyt ; hlaut, hlutum ; hlot-
inn), v. (i) to get by lot, to have al-
lotted to oneself (hem hlaut at sitja hja
Bjorgolfi) ; (2) to get (h. sigr) ; margir
hlutu gott af hans radum, many bene-
fited by his counsels ; (3) to undergo,
suffer (h. hogg, ufor, harm) ; (4) to
be obliged to s va mun nu h . at vera,
it must needs be so ; fara hlytr J>u me5
mr, thou must go with me ; ( 5 ) refl. ,
hljotast af e-u, to result or proceed
from (mun her h. af margs manns
bani) ; hlauzt svd til, at ha" tunnu dtti
Ingimundr, /'/ so happened that.
hlotnast (aS), v. refl. to fall to one's
/6>/(e-m hlotnast e-t).
hloa, v. to be boiling hot.
H16<5yn (gen. -ynjar), f. the Earth.
hlummr (-8, -ar), m. handle of an oar.
hlumr (-s, -ir), m. (i) = hlummr;
(2) roller = hlunnr.
hlunka (a<5), v. to give a dull, hollow
sound (bruin hlunkaSi undir hofunum
hestanna).
hlunn-goti, m. poet. ship.
hlunnindi, n. pi. emoluments.
hlunnr (-s,-ar),m. roller for launch-
ing or drawing up ships.
hlunn-vigg, n. poet. = -goti.
Must (pi. -ir), f. ear (= eyra).
hlusta (atS), v. to listen (h. til e-s).
hluta (a$), v. (i) to draw (cast) lots
for a thing (h. e-t or h. um e-t) ; (2)
to select by lot (voru menn hluta6ir til
skipstjornar) ; (3) refl., hlutadist sva
til, at, it so turned out that ( = hlauzt
sva til, at) ; hlutast til e-s, to meddle
with a thing (ekki hefi ek hlutazt til
malaferla ydvarra) ; h. til med e-m,
to assist one in a case.
hlut-deila (-da, -dr), v. to meddle
with a thing (-deila e-t) ; -deilinn, a.
meddlesome ; -deilni, f. meddlesome-
ness ; -drjiigr, a. lucky, getting the
better share ; -fall, n. casting of lots ;
leggja e-t til -falls, to settle a thing by
drawing lots ; bjoda til -falla, to bid
one proceed to cast lots ; -gengr, a.
up to the mark ; -gengr vi5 e-n, equal
to one, a match for one ; -girni, f. =
-deilni ; -gjarn, a = -deilinn.
hluti, m. (i) part (i beim hluta ver-
aldar) ; at minum hluta, for my part,
as far as I am concerned; (2) share,
lot ; gera a hluta e-s, to wrong one ;
eptir er enn ySarr h., your part (of the
work] remains yet.
hlut-lauss, a. not partaking in,
having taken no part in (-lauss e5r
sykn af manndrapi) ; -laust, adv., riSa
-laust, to pass free, unmolested.
hlutr (-ar, -ir), m. (i) lot ; bera
(leggja) hluti i skaut, to throw the lots
into a cloth (lap of a garment} ; skera
(marka) hluti, to mark the lots ; (2)
[204]
HLOBTJ-VINDATJGA
amulet, talisman (h. er horfinn or
piissi pinum) ; (3) share, allotment,
portion (hann foerdi 01vi skip sin ok
kallar pat vera bans hlut) ; (4) part
(of a whole) ; hoggva i tvd hluti, to
cut in two parts ; mestr h. Ii6s, the
most part of the company ; meiri h.
domanda, the majority of the judges ;
tveim hlutum dyrra, twice as dear ;
(5) participation ; eiga hlut i e-u or
at e-u, to have part in, be concerned
in (me'r uggir, at he'r muni eigi gaefu-
menn hlut i eiga) ; par er pu aettir hlut
at, wherein thou wast concerned ; (6)
condition, position, lot ; eiga hlut e-s,
to be in one's place (position] ; ef pii
aettir minn hlut, if thou wert in my
place; Idta hlut sinn, to be worsted',
sitja yfir hlut e-s, to oppress, weigh a
person down ; leggja hlut sinn vi<5 e-t,
to cast in one's lot with, to espouse a
cause; hafa (fa) haerra, meira (leegra)
hlut, to get the best (worst] of it ; (7)
thing; allir hlutir, all things ; kynligr
h., a strange thing; urn alia hluti, in
all things, in all respects.
hlut-raBningr, m. one robbed of his
share ; ver6a -raeningr e-s or fyrir
e-m, to be unfairly dealt with ; -samr,
a. meddlesome (um e-t) ; -seigr, a.
tenacious, obstinate; -skipti, n. (i)
sharing; (2) booty; (3) share, lot;
-saell, a. getting the best share ; -tak-
andi, -takari, m. partaker ; -vandr,
a. upright, honest ; -verk, n. work
allotted, task.
hlykkjottr, a. crooked.
hlykkr (-s, -ir), m. bend, curve.
hlymja (hlym, hlumda, hlum.it),
v. to make a loud noise.
hlyxnr (-s, -ir), m. a resounding
noise (hlymr var at heyra).
hlynna (-ta, -t), v. to prepare the way
for one (h. fyrir e-m).
hlynr (-s, -ir), m. maple tree.
hly. n. warmth (sumar-hlyit).
hlyfta (-dda, -tt), v. (i) to listen
(eyrum hlyflir hann, en augum skofl-
ar) ; h. e-m, to listen (give ear] to
one ; h. messu, tidum, to hear mass,
attend service ; h. a" e-t or til e-s, to
listen to (sitja menn par umhverfis ok
hlyda til sogunnar) ; (2) to yield to,
obey (h. r6um, ordum e-s) ; (3) to do,
be permissible or proper ; hlySir pad
hvergi (it will not do] at hafa eigi log
i landi ; engum 65rum skyldi pat h.,
nobody else should dare to do so ; Einar
let engum h. moti at maela, E. would
not hear of any one's gainsaying; (4)
refl. to listen (hann hlydist um, hvdrt
nokkurir vekti) ; to be allowable (kon-
ungr sagSi, at J>eim skyldi pat ekki
hly6ast).
hly (Sinn, a. (i) willing to give ear
to one, compliant (hann var h. vinum
sinum um 611 g65 ra"5) ; (2) yielding
homage to one.
hlyoi-samt, a. n. suit able ^ proper ;
vera h., = hlyQa (3).
hlySnast (a$), v. refl. to obey (ef
per vilid mer hlydnast).
hlyt5ni, f. obedience, homage ; -brot,
n. disobedience (vi6 e-n) ; -mark, n.
token of obedience.
hlyja (hly, hlySa, hluit), v. to cover,
shelter (hlyrat henni borkr ne barr).
hlyr, n. (i) cheek; h. rodnadi, her
cheek reddened; (2) bow of a vessel,
kinnungr ; (3) the flat of an axe.
hlyr-bjartr, a. having brightly
painted bows (of a vessel).
hlyri, m. friend, brother (poet.).
hlaeja (hi ; hlo, hlogum ; hleg-
inn), v. (i) to laugh ; h. hdtt, to
laugh loud ; h. at e-u, to laugh at ;
pau ti5endi,er peim hlo hugr vid, that
gladdened their hearts ; (2) h. e-n, to
laugh at, deride one.
hlasr (hlse, hlsBtt), a. warm, mild
(ve6r var pykkt ok hlaett).
hlos^a (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to lade
(h. skip) ; h. hest, to load, saddle, a
horse ; (2) with dat. to load (pu munt
gulli h. a Grana bogu).
hloegi, n. ridicule ; fa" e-m hlcegis,
to make one a laughing-stock.
hloegi-liga, adv. laughably; -ligr,
a. laughable ; -mall, -malugr, -orftr,
a. humorous.
hloegja (-5i), v. to make one laugh ;
pat hloegir mik, at, // makes me glad,
1 am rejoiced, that.
hloeg-ligr, a. = hlcegiligr.
hlo6u-dyrr, f. pi. door of a barn ;
-vindauga, n. barn window.
HL0RA
[205]
HNJ6SKR
h!0ra (acS), v. = hlera.
hna^a (hnof ), v. to cut <7^~(rare).
hnakka-bein, n. neck-bone ; -filla,
f. the flesh and skin on the nape.
hnakk-band, n. anchor cable.
hnakki, m. the back of the head,
nape of the neck.
hnakk-mi(5i, m. anchor-buoy*
hnakkr, m. (i) nape = hnakki ; (2)
stool = knakkr.
hnefa (a<5), v. to clasp with the fist.
hnefa-hogg, n. a blow with the fist ;
-tafl, n. a kind of chess.
hnefi, m. (l) closed hand ', fist ; (2)
the king in hnefa-tafl.
hnef-tafl, n. = hnefatafl.
hneigja (-(5a, -c5r), v. (I ) to bow, bow
down, bend, incline ; h. sik, to make a
bow ; h. sik til vi6 e-n, to bow down,
Pay homage to one ; h. e-m, tobowdown
to one ; h. eptir e-m, to be biassed
towards one ; (2) refl., hneigjast,
to lean ; h. af villu, to forsake heresy ;
h. til e-s, to lean towards a person ;
h. fyrir fortolur e-s, to be swayed by
another's persuasions.
hneisa, f. disgrace, shame (gera,
vinna, e-m hneisu). Cf. 'neisa'.
hneisa (-ta, -tr), v. to disgrace (h.
e-n). Cf. 'neisa'.
hneisu-liga, adv. (i) disgracefully;
(2) insultingly.
hneita (-tta, -ttr), v. to cut (rare).
hnekking, f., hnekkir, m. check,
rebuff '(hafa hnekking).
hnekki-st ikill, m. bump on the head.
hnekkja (-ta, -tr), v. (i) to drive
back, with dat. (si5an let Egill h.
nautunum lit a myrar) ; h. e-m fra, to
repel, repulse ; (2) to check, thwart,
prevent ; h. for sinni, to halt and go
back again ; h. vandu ra5i, to pre-
vent an evil deed; ^(3) to fall back,
withdraw (hnekkja Irar nu fra).
hneppa (-ta, -tr), v. (i) to curtail;
hneppt em ek at broeQrum, I am be-
reft of brothers ; ( 2) to thrust, force
(Hrolfr hneppti hann undir sik, ok
setti knd fyrir brjost honum) ; h. folk
i praslkan, to keep a people bound in
thraldom.
hneppi-liga, adv. scarcely, scantily.
hneppr, a. scant; astla hneppt til
jolanna, to make scant provision for
Christmas.
hneri, m. sneeze, sneezing.
hneyking, f. shame, disgrace.
hneykja (-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame,
confound, with ace. (h. grimmleik
heiSinna pjoda).
hneyksli, n. disgrace, dishonour;
-yrfti, n. ^\.foul language, calumny.
hnigna (a$), v. to begin to sink,
decline (e-rr er, gerist, hnignandi).
hnipinn, a. drooping, downcast.
hnipna (atS), v. to become downcast,
to droop (hnipnaSi pa Grani).
hnippa (-ta, -t, or aS), v. to poke ;
hnippadi kolli hverr at 65rum, they
laid their heads together, nodded signi-
ficantly ; refl., hnippast, to quarrel
( = h. vi6) ; h. ordum vid e-n, to bandy
words with one.
hnita (a$), v. to weld together.
hniga (hnig ; hne and hneig, hnig-
um ; hniginn), v. (i) to fall gently,
sink down (line* Gu5run holl vi8 bol-
stri) ; h. at armi e-m, to sink into
one's arms ; (2) to flow (hnigu heilog
votn af himinfjollum) ; (3) to sink
downfall dead (= h. at velli) ; h. at
grasi, i gras, to bite the grass, to die ;
(4) to incline, turn ; eigi matti sja
hvernig h. mundi, which way the scale
would turn (in a battle) ; (5) h. til e-s,
to turn towards(\&r jatnan peirra hlutr
betri, er til hans hnigu) ; h. til lids,
hjalpar vi<3 e-n, to side with one ; (6)
pp., hniginn, advanced (stricken] in
years, = h. d aldr, h. at aldri ; of a
door, shut ; var hur5 hnigin, the door
was down ; hurd hnigin a halfa ga"tt,
a" rniSjan klofa, half shut, half down.
hnipa (-ta, -t), v. to be downcast,
droop (hann hnipti i jorSina).
hnisa, f. porpoise.
hnita (hneit, hnitu), v. to strike,
wound; hjorr hneit vi6 hjarta, the
steel touched the heart.
hnjofta (hny$; hnauS; hno^inn),
v. to rivet, clinch (Helgi hnau6 hjalt
d sverd).
hnj6$-hamarr, m. rivet ting ham-
mer ; also as a nickname.
hnjosa (hnys, hnaus), v. to sneeze.
hrrjoskr, m. touchwood, = fnjoskr.
HNODA
[206]
HORFA
hnofta, n. clew.
hno<5-saumr, m. clincher nails.
hnoss (pi. -ir), f. costly thing, orna-
ment (hverr vildi mr hnossir velja).
hnot (gen. -ar, pi. hnetr), f. nut.
hnot-skogr, m. nutwood, hazelwood.
hnugginn, pp. bereft (miklu h.).
hnuka (-ta, -t), v. to sit cowering.
hnuta, f. = knuta.
hny(5ja, f. club, rammer.
hnykill (gen. -s, dat. hnykli ; pi.
hiiyklar), m. knot, tumor.
hnykka-stafr, m. a kind of peg(f)
hnykking, f. pulling.
hnykkja (-ta, -tr), v. to full vio-
lently, with dat. (h. e-m til sin) ; h.
e-u upp, to pull up a thing", absol.,
pykkist sveinninn hafa vel hnykkt, he
thought he had made a good pull.
hnyftingr (-s, -ar), m. dolphin.
hnyfil-drykkja, f. drinking-bout.
hnyfill, m. short horn ( knyfill).
hnoefi-ligr, a. taunting (-lig or5).
hnoefil-yrtSi, n. pi. taunts, gibes.
hn0ggr (ace. -van), a. stingy (h. fjai).
hn0ri, m. = hneri.
hodd, f. hoard, treasure (poet.).
hof, n. heathen temple.
hof-ferc5, f. pride, pomp ; -folk, n.
courtiers ; -garftr, m. lordly mansion.
hof-go(5i, m. temple-priest ; -gyftja,
f. priestess ; -helgr, f . temple-feast.
hof-ly$r, m. = hof-folk ; -matSr, m.
courtier ; gentleman in waiting.
hofs-dyrr, f. pi. temple-doors ; -eiSr,
m. temple-oath ; -gooi, m. = hofgoSi ;
-helgi, f. sanctity of a temple ; -mold,
f. temple-earth, holy mould.
hof-statSr, m. sanctuary ; -tollr, m.
temple-toll, rate.
hoka, hokra (at$), v. to crouch (h.
e8a skrifta) ; h. undan, to slink away.
hoi, n. hollow, cavity, esp. cavity of
the body ; ganga (hlaupa) a" h., to
pierce to the inwards (of weapons) ;
hit efra h., the cavity of the chest ;
nefira h., the stomach.
hola, f. hole, hollow.
hola (atS), v. to make hollow.
hol-blotS, n. blood from the inwards.
hold, n. (i] flesh ; svorSr ok h., skin
and flesh ; bjarnar h., bear's flesh ;
(2) ^{.fleshiness \ -borinn, pp., -borinn
broSir, one's own brother; -fui, m.
mortification.
holdgan, f. incarnation.
holdgast (at$), v. refl. to take flesh.
hold-groinn, pp. grown to the flesh ;
-ligr, a. carnal (-lig a*st) ; -ligr brodir,
one's own brother ; -litill, a. lean.
holdr, a. fleshy ; vel h., well-fleshed.
hold-rosa, f. fleshy side of a hide ;
-tekja, f. = holdgan.
hol-fenni, n. hollow pile of snow ;
-gomr, a. having a hollow palate ;
-hoggvinn, pp. cut into the cavity of
the body.
hollendr, m. pi. supporters.
hollosta, {.faith, loyalty (vi5 e-n).
hollr, a. (i) faithful, loyal (h. e-m) ;
of the gods, gracious (holl regin) ; (2)
wholesome, salutary (holl r6).
holl-raftr, a. giving wholesome coun-
sel ; -rastSi, n. wholesome counsel.
holr, a. hollow ; h. innan, hollow
within (petta gu5 er holt innan).
hol-sar, n. wound in a vital part.
holt, n. (i) wood (opt er i holti heyr-
andi nasr) ; (2) rough stony ridge.
holt-ri(5, n. wooded ridge.
hol-und, f. a wound entering the
cavity of the body ; mortal wound.
holundar-sar, n. = holsaV, holund.
hopa (a<5), v. ( i ) to move backwards ;
h. hestinum undan, to back the horse ;
(2) to draw back, retreat (= h. aptr,
a hael, undan).
hoppa (a$), v. to hop, skip.
hor-digull, m. a clot of mucus hang~
ing from the nose.
horfa (-fta, -t), v. (i) to turn (be
turned) in a certain direction ; hortdi
upp eggin, the edge turned upwards ;
su6r horffiu dyrr, the door looked
soitth ; h. baki viQ e-m, to turn the
back against one ; h. vid e-m, to face
one ; fig. to set oneself against one
(peir er heldr hb'ffiu vi5 honum horft f
sinum huga) ; (2) to look in a certain
way, to have a certain appearance ;
h. uvaent, to look unpromising (uvaent
horfir um saettir) ; hvarum horfir
vaenna, who is more likely to get the
better h. fastliga, erfiSliga, to look
difficult ; horfir mjok i moti oss, mat-
ters look bad for us \ horfir til gamans
HORFA
[207]
H6LMI
inikils, there is a prospect of much
entertainment; (3) refl., Hjalta potti
pd. uvasnt & horfast, H. thought that
matters looked unpromising; horffiust
peir Gizurr hofSum at, he and Gizurr
2ay with their heads together.
horfa (aft), v. = horfa.
horfin-alda, a. indecl., -heilla, a.
indecl. luckless ; horfinheilla er mer,
luck has left me.
horfinn, pp. ; see ' hverfa (4) '.
horn, n. (i) horn (of cattle) ; vera
har6r i h. at taka, to be hard to take
by the horns, hard to deal with ; (2)
drinking-horn ; (3) horn, trumpet
(bldsa i h.) ; (4) corner, angle ; skytr
1 tvau h. um e-t, there is a great dif-
ference between ; skytr i tvau h. med
okkr, we are at variance ; (5) nook,
corner (in a house).
horna-flattr, m. flaying a hide with
the horns ; -skvol, n. noise of horns ;
tog, n. a rope round the horns.
horn-blastr, m. sound of trumpets ;
-bogi, m. horn-bow ; -fiskr, it\. garfish
or green-bone ; -gofugr, a. proud of
his horns ; -kerling, f. old woman in
the corner ; -kona, -reka, f. = -kerl-
ing ; -sil, n. stickle-back ; -skafa, f.
a scraper made of horn ; -spann, m.
horn spoon ; -stafr, m. corner pillar
in a building.
hornungr (-s, -ar), m. (i) bastard
son ; (2) scamp, outcast (vera h. e-s).
horr, m. (i) starvation ; detta ni<3r
f hor, to starve to death ; (2) mucus
from the nose.
horsk-leikr, m. knowledge, wisdom ;
ligr, a. wise, noble.
horskr, a. wise (h. ok pogull).
hortugr, a. pert, impertinent.
hoaa, f. hose, legging.
hosa<5r, pp. wearing hose.
hosna-reim, f., -sterta, f. garter.
hot-vetna, see ' hvatvetna '.
ho, interj. hoh / ah ! oh /
hoa (at5), v. to shout ' hoh ' (h. a" feit).
Ii6f t n.(i)moderati on, measure ; kunna
h., to show (observe) moderation ; {>
er h. a" (or at), then it is all right ;
at hofi, tolerably, moderately (jarl
svarar j>essu at hofi vel) ; e-t gegnir
hofi, // is fair ; vel er J>essu til hofs
stillt, this affair is well settled; 6r
hofi, beyond measure ; (2) proportion,
equal degree (hefdi hann lio at JM
hofi, sem hann er sja"lfr froekn ok
djarfr) ; () judgement (vil ek, at J>u
hafir par engis manns h. nema J)itt).
hof, n. feast, banquet.
hof-gullinn, a. with golden hoof;
-hvarf, n. pastern of a horse.
hof-lauss, a. immoderate ; -leysa, f.
immoderation, excess; -liga, adv. (i)
with moderation ; (2) fitly ; (3) fairly
(munu f>eir nu vera -liga hrasddir) ;
-ligr, a. moderate.
hofr (-s, -ar), m. hoof (of a horse).
hof-samligr, -samr, a. moderate,
temperate ; -semd, -semi, f. modera-
tion, temperance.
hof-skegg, n. fetlock.
hofs-maftr, m. temperate, just man.
hof-stilling, f. moderation.
hog-baerr, a. easy to bear ; -foerr, a.
lively, light (of a horse) ; -latr, a.
of easy temper ; -leiki, m. = -vaeri ;
-liga, adv. calmly, meekly; taka -liga
d, to touch gently ; -ligr, a. easy,
gentle ; -lifl, n. easy (quiet) life ;
-lyndi, n. easy temper; -lyndr, a.
easy-tempered, peaceable ; -laeti, n.
gentleness ; -samr, a. gentle ; -semd,
f. gentleness ; -seta, f. = -lifi ; -styrt,
pp. n. easy to steer (eigi verSr mer nu
-styrt fotunum) ; -vsera (-5a, -c5r), v.
to calm, appease ; -veert5, -vaeri, f.
calmness of mind ; -vesrligr, -vaerr,
a. gentle, meek of mind.
hoi, n. praise, flattery.
holfa (-di, -tj, v. to capsize (par
holfir skip i. sjonum).
holkr (-s, -ar), m. ring or tube (of
metal) on a staff, knife-handle, etc.
holl (-s, -ar), m. = hvd.ll.
holm-ganga, f. ' holm-going'', a duel
or wager of battle fought on an islet
(holmr).
holmgongu-bot5, n. challenging- to
holmganga ; -log, n. pi. the law, rules
of h. ; -maftr, m. duellist ; -statSr,
m. a place where a * holmganga ' is
fought; -sverft, n. a sword used in
1 holmganga '.
holmi, m. (i) islet, = holmr; (2)
knoll.
[208J
HREQQ
h61m-lausn, f. releasing oneself by
Paying the ransom after a duel.
holmr (-a, -ar), m. holm, islet ; falla
a" holmi, to fall in a duel ; skora e-m
a" holm, to challenge one ; leysa sik af
holmi, to redeem oneself after a duel.
h61m-sta<5r, m = holmgongu-stadr ;
-stefna, f. meeting (duel) on a holm
(koma, n'3a til -stefnu).
hon, pers. pron. she.
hop, n. a small land-locked bay or
inlet (connected with the sea).
hopr (-s, -ar), m. troop, flock, crowd.
hor (gen. hos), m. pot-hook.
hora (aft), v. to commit adultery (h.
0rhorast undir bonda sinn).
hora, f. whore, harlot.
horan, f. adiiltery.
h6r-d6mr, m. adultery -karl, m.
adulterer ; -kerling, f. harlot ; -kona,
f. adulteress.
horr (gen. hors), m. adulterer.
hosta (at$), v. to cough.
hosti, m. cough, coughing.
hostr, m. ; see 'ostr '.
hot, n. iv hit) bit ; hoti heldr, a bit
more, a good deal more ; with superl.,
h6ti likast, most likely ; pat er hoti
umakligast, that is least undeserved.
hot, n. pi. threats ; hafa i hotum viS
e-n, to threaten one.
hota (a(5), v. to threaten, hoeta (h.
e-m) ; hotan, f. threatening.
hot-samr, a. menacing.
hrafta (a$), v. to hasten, with dat.
hrac5-byri, n. a fresh fair wind;
-byrja, a. indecl., sigla -byrja, to sail
with a strong wind \ -fara, a. indecl.
= -foerr ; -feigr, a. doomed to instant
death ; -fcerr, a. fleet, swift (hestr
-foerr); -ge<5i, n. hasty temper ; -liga.
adv. swiftly ; -rnseltr, a. quick of
speech ; -mask tunga, a glib tongue.
hraftr (hroc5, hratt), a. swift, fleet.
hrafn (-a, -ar), m. raven.
hrafn-hvalr, m., -reyftr, f. a kind of
whale ; -tinna, f. obsidian or agate.
hrak-, in compds., denoting wretched,
vile; -bii, n. wretched household-,
dyr, n. hunted deer; -ferft, -for,
f. disgraceful journey ; -liga, adv.
wretchedly ; -ligr, a. wretched, dis-
graceful '; -magr, a. wretchedly thin.
hrakning (pi. -ar), f. wretched treat-
ment, injury, insult (ek hen" af per
heitingar ok hrakning).
hrakningr (-3, -ari, m. = prec.
hrak-yrcSi, n.foul language.
hram.rn.-dyr, n. beast of prey.
hramrnr 1-3, -ar), m. bear's paw.
hrapa (a(5), v. (i) to hurl, with dat.
(h. e-m til helvitisi ; (2) to hurry on,
hasten (h. ferd sinnij ; (3) to rush on,
hurry (h. & fund e-s) ; h. til dauSans,
banans, to rush headlong to destruc-
tion ; (4) to fall, finable down (hrapafii
hann ni6r i fjoruna).
hrapaSr, m. hurry ; af hrapadi,
hurriedly.
hrapal-liga, adv. hurriedly, head-
long (fara -liga ) ; -ligr, a. hitrried.
hrapan, f. downfall.
hrap-ort5r, a. hasty in one's lan-
gttage (Sasmundr varQ vid h.).
hrata (at5), v. (i) to reel, stagger
(hann hrataSi vi6, en fell eigi) ; (21/0
tumble down, fall (hratadi hann ofan
af pekjunni).
hrati, m. rubbish, trash.
hrauk-tjald, n. rick-formed tent.
hraun, n. ( I ) rugged ground, wilder-
ness ; (2) lava field, lava.
hraun-bui, m. dweller in a ' hraun ',
giant ; -hvalr, m. monster of the
wilderness.
hraun ottur, a. rugged, stony.
hraust-leikr, m. prowess, valotir;
-liga, adv. valiantly ; -ligr, a. bold,
valiant; -mannligr, a. = -ligr ; -men-
ni, n. a strong, stout man.
hraustr, a. ( I ) valiant, doughty ; (2)
strong, hearty (gamall, en po h.).
hra-blautr, a. moist, raw, of hides
(nautshuS hrdblaut).
hraki, m. spit, spittle.
hrdr (hra, hrdtt), a. (i) raw, of
meat or food (hra> fiskr, hr^tt kjb't) ;
(2) raw, fresh, sappy (h. viSr).
hra-skinn, n. shelter, refuge ; -vifti,
n. saplings, yoicng plants ; -ffiti, n.
raw flesh used as food.
hretSa, f., see 'hroeSa'; hre^u-
lauss, a., see * hrcedulauss '.
hrecgar, f. pi. the scrotum.
hregg, n. storm, blast (var basSi h.
ok regn).
HREGG-VIBRI
[209]
HRINDA
hregg-viSri, n. tempest.
hreiftr, n. bird's nest.
hreiftrast (aft), v. refl. to nestle.
hreiftr-bollr, m. ' nest-baW ', egg.
hreifi, m. (i) wrist, = \\\ft\ftr ; (2) the
hand and fingers ; ( 3 ) seal's Jin , flipper.
hreimr, m. scream, cry.
hreina (-da, -dr), v. to make (swine)
squeal (ef svm eru hreind).
hrein-bjalbi, m. reindeer's skin ;
dyri, n. reindeer.
hrein-ferSi, n. purity ; -ferftugr, a.
pure, chaste.
hrein-galkn, n. poet. wolf(T).
hrein-hjartacSr, a. pure of heart ;
-latr, a. clean, chaste ; -leikr, m. (l)
cleanliness ; (2) chastity ; -Iifnac5r, m.
= -lifi ; -liga, adv. (i) cleanly; (2)
//M purity; -ligr, a. (i) clean,
cleanly ; (2) ^r<? ; -lifi, n. pure life,
chastity ; -lifr, a. ^z/r<? of life ; -lyndr,
a. /r #/ heart, upright ; -laeti, n.
cleanness, chastity ; -mannligr, a. of
noble or manly bearing.
hreinn, a. (i) clean (hrein klasSi) ;
(2) bright (hreinir kyndlar, hrein
vapn) ; (3) clear (hrein rodd) ; (4)
pure, sincere.
hreinn (-s, -ar), m. reindeer.
hreinsa (at$), v. (i) to make clean ,
cleanse ; 12) to purge, clear (h. land
af vikingum).
hreinsan, f. cleansing.
hreinsanar-eldr, m. purgatory.
hrein-staka, f. reindeer skin.
hreistr, n. scales (offish).
hrekja (hrek ; hrakta, hroktum ;
hrakiftr, hraktr), v. (i) to drive
away, chase off (h. e-n af mdli) ; (2)
to annoy, vex, ill-treat (Sigmundr
sagdMst heldr vilja h. b sem mest) ;
h. e-n i or6um, to scold and abuse one ;
(3) to damage, spoil (h. mal fyrire-m) ;
absol., h. fyrir e-m, to do damage to
one (4) to abuse (= h. e-n f orSum).
hrekkr (pi. -ir), m. trick, piece of
mischief (hrekkir ok sloegdir).
hrekk-visi, f. trickiness ; -viss, a.
tricky, mischievous.
hrella (-da, -dr), v. to distress,
annoy, trouble (h. e-n).
hrelling, f. anguish, affliction.
hremma (-da, -dr), v. to clutch.
hremsa (at$), v. = hremma.
hremsa, f. (i) clutch ; (2) poet, shaft.
hreppa (-ta, -tr), v. to catch, obtain ;
en er hann hreppti aVerkann, when
he received the wound.
hreppa-skil, n. pi. poor-law matters.
hreppr (-s, -ar), m. poor-law dis-
trict (in Iceland).
hrer, n. corpse, = hr0r.
hress, a. hale, hearty, in good spirits.
hressa (-ta, -tr), v. (i) to refresh,
cheer ; hann bad hann h. sik, he bade
him cheer up ; refl., hressast, to re-
cover strength, be refreshed; (2) to
restore (h. staSinn).
hress-leikr, m. good health.
hret, n. storm, = hregg.
hreyfa (-tSa, -ftr), v. to move, stir,
with ace. ; refl., hreyfast, to put one-
self in motion, stir.
blreysar, f. pi. heap of stones.
hreysi, n. (i) = hreysar; (2) cave,
den (skn'Sa i hreysi).
hreysi-kottr, m. ermine, weasel.
hreysta (-sta, -str), v. to encoitrage,
make valiant ; h. sik, to cheer up,
take heart or courage.
hreysti, f. valour, prowess.
hreysti-bragcS, n. feat of prowess ;
-liga, adv. stoutly, boldly; -ligr, a.
stout, bold ; -maftr, m. valiant man ;
-mannligr, a. gallant, bold ; -or(5, n.
word of prowess ; -raun, f. trial of
valour ; -verk, n. deed of prowess.
hreyta (-tta, -tt), v. to cast, scat-
ter, throw abouty with dat. (h. mold-
inni, hringum).
hreyting, f. spreading, scattering.
hreyti-speldi, n. top (a child's toy).
hriflinga-bjorg, f. hand-to-mouth
life (er slikt kallat -bjorg).
hrifj, n. robbery, pill aging.
hrifsa (atS), v. to rob, pillage.
hrifsan, f., hrifsing, f. = hrifs.
hriki, m. huge fellow.
hrikja (-ba), v. to creak (rare).
hrinda (hrind ; hratt, hrundum ;
hrundinn), v. (i) to push, thrust,
with dat. (hann hratt hestinum i vok
eina) ; var bd hrundit batnum, the
ship's boat was put out; h. hur6
(upp), to push the door open ; h. e-m
i myrkvastofu, to cast into prison ; h.
ICEL. DICT.
HRINQA
[210]
HRJOSA
a" braut, to drive away ; h. skipi fram
or lit, to launch a ship ; impers., hratt
stundum fyrir, en stundum fra", the
clouds were drifting on and off (the
moon) ; (2) to cast (throw] off (h.
harmi, 6tta) ; h. mali, to make a case
void, clear oneself of it; h. e-u af e-m,
to free one from , rid one of a thing.
hringa (aft), v. to furnish with a ring.
hringa-brynja, f. coat of ring-mail.
hring-broti, m. ' breaker of rings]
Prince (poet.) ; -drifi, m. * distributor
of rings ', prince , king (poet.).
bringing (pi. -ar), f. bell-ringing.
hringja (-da, -t), v. to ring bells.
hringja (-da, -dr), v. to encircle,
surround; h. e-u um e-n, to encircle
with (cf. kringja um, umkringja).
hringja, f. buckle.
hring-leginn, pp. coiled up (of a ser-
pent) ; -leikr, m. ring-dance ; -ofinn,
pp. woven with rings.
hringr (-s, -ar), m. (i) ring, circle ;
sla bring um e-n, to make a ring
around one ; i bring, in a circle ;
hann for f bring um ski pit, he swam
in a circle round the ship ; me5 hring-
um, all around, altogether (brendu
upp bceinn me6 hringum) ; (2) ring
(on the ringer or arm, at the end of a
chest, in a door, at the end of the
hilt) ; link (in a chain).
bring- varitSr, pp. * ring-mounted* ;
malmr -variSr, a sword with rings.
hrinr, m. howling, screaming.
hrip, n. box of laths, basket.
hripuSr, m.fire (poet.).
hrista (-sta, -str), v. to shake (h.
hofuSit) ; h. e-t af ser, to shake it off',
marir hristust, the horses shook their
manes', J>eim hristust tennr i hb'fSi,
the teeth chattered in their head.
hri$ (pi. -ir), f. (i ) storm, esp. snow-
storm ; h. mikla ger<3i at J)eim, laust
& fyrir J)eim h. mikilli, they were
caught by a violent snow-storm ; (2)
attack, onset, in a battle (hord, snorp
h-) 5 (3) a while ; nb'kkura h., for a
while ; langa (litla) h., a long (little]
while ; J)essar hriSir allar, all this
while; um \\.,fora while (h'&xm dvald-
ist f>ar um h.) ; um hriflar sakir = um
h. ; \ hriSinni, immediately, at once
(hann for f hrfSinni upp til Hofs) ; hr(6-
um, frequently (stundum i Hvammi,
en hriSum at Sta6) ; (4) space, dis-
tance (var J>6 h. long i millum).
hri(5-drepa, a. indecl. killed by a
snow-storm ; -fastr, a. detained by a
snow-storm.
hri(56ttr, a. stormy (h. vetr).
hri(5-vi(5ri, n. storm, tempest.
hrifa (hrif ; hreif, hrifum ; hrif-
inn), v. (i) to catch, snatch (h. til
e-s) ; h. vi5, to take hold, to grip
(kasta akkerum, ok hrifa J)au vi6 um
sicHr) ; impers., hrifr vi5, /'/ takes effect,
it turns out well ; (2) to scratch (hann
l6t h. ser me6 kombum).
hrim, n. ( i ) rime, hoarfrost ; (2) the
black soot on a kettle (ketil-hnm).
hrim-aldi, m. lazy lout.
hrim-drif, n. rime-drift ; -frosinn,
pp. rimy ; -kaldr, a. rime-cold ;
-kalkr, m. foaming cup ; -steinar,
m. pi. rime-covered stones; -J>ursar,
m. pi. frost-giants.
hrina (hrin ; hrein, hrinum ; hrin-
it), v. (i) to squeal (of swine) ; h. vi5,
to neigh to a horse (of a mare in heat) ;
(2) h. a" (or e-m), to take effect, esp.
of imprecations.
hris, n. (i) brushwood; (2) faggots.
hris-byrt5r, f. load of faggots ; -fleki,
m. hurdle of brushwood ; -kjarr, n.
brushwood.
hrisla, f. sprig of a branch, twig,
hrisottr, a. grown with shrubs.
hris-runnr, m. bush.
hrisungr, m. a kind of bastard.
hrja (hrjai, hrjat5a, hrjaSr), v. to
vex, harass (a person).
hrjoSa (hryft ; hrauc^, hrucSum ;
hroc^inn), v. (i) to unload (h. skip
sin) ; (2) to strip, disable, esp. a ship
in a sea-fight (hann hraud oil vikinga-
skipin) ; (3) impers., hrydr e-u, it
clears away ; mun hro6it myrkvanum,
the fog will have cleared away ; hraud
upp or honum miklu vatni, he. brought
lip much water; (4) refl., hraudsk or
skikkju, she threw off her mantle.
hrjosa (hryss, hraus, hrosit), v.,
only in the phrase, hryss mer hugr vi6,
/ shudder with horror (avalt hryss
me*r hugr vi6, er ek se pik).
HRJOSTR
[211]
HRUTS-Q^JRA
hrjostr, n. barren, rocky place.
hrjostugr, a. rough, barren.
hrjota (hryt ; hraut, hrutum ;
hrotinn), v. (i) to fall, fly, be flung
(0xin hraut or hendi honum) ; hraut
upp hurdin, the door was flung open ;
eldr hraut or hlunnunum,y7r<? sprang
from the rollers ; hrjota spcenii nir upp
\ moti honum, the chips flew up into his
face ; h. i sundr, to be snapped asunder
(i sundur hrutu baugar) ; (2) to snore
(harm svaf ok hraut sterkliga).
hrjufr, a. (i) rough to the touch (h.
hals) ; (2) scurvy.
hrotSa-ligr, -vasnligr, a. likely to
cause disturbance.
hrotS-gas, f. = hrot-gas.
hroSi, m. (i) trash, rubbishy (2)
disturbance, riot (h. ok stormr).
hrogn, n. roe, spawn.
hrogn-kelsi, n. lumpfish*
hroka (a5), v. to flll above the brim.
hroki, m. a heap above the brim.
hrokkin-hdrr, -hcercSr, a. curly-
&z*ra? (bleikhrr ok hrokkinhdrr).
hrokkinn, pp. curly (hrokkit hai) ;
wrinkled (hrokkit skinn).
hrokkin-skinna, f. ' wrinkle-skin ',
vld woman.
hrolla (-di), v. to shiver, shudder
(hrollir hugr minn).
hrollr, m. shivering {from cold}.
hross, n. (i) horse ; (2) mare.
hrossa-bein, n. pi. horse bones ;
-fulga, i.fodder or pay given to keep
a horse ; -fcetr, m. pi. horses' hoofs ;
-gaukr, m. the snipe ; -geymsla, i.
horse keeping; -bus, n. stable ; -hofn,
f. horse pasture', -kipping, f. quarrel
about horses ; -kjot, n. horse flesh ;
-kyn, n. horse kin ; -ma5r, m. groom ;
reiS, f. = hross-reid ; -slatr, n. horse
meat ; -stotS, n. stud of horses and
mares ; -stuldr, m., -taka, f. horse
stealing ; -vondr, m. horse-whip ;
I>j6fr, m. horse-thief.
hro3s-bak, n. horseback ; a" -baki,
on horseback ; -bein, n. horse's bone ;
-eigandi, m. horse-owner ; -fellir, m.
loss of horses (from hunger or disease) ;
fjoldi, m. drove of horses ; -gjof, f.
the gift of a horse ; -gprsemi, f. a
treasure of a horse, a valuable horse ;
-hali, m. horse* s tail', -hauss, m.
horse's head (skull] ; -hus, n. stable ;
-hvalr, m. walrus ; -hofu<5, n. horse" 1 *
head ; -iss, m. ice that is strong enough
to ride on ; -klyf, f. horse pack ; -lit r,
f. /torse's liver; -nautn, -neyzla,
f. using another's horse ; -reiS, f.
riding another's horse \ -rofa, f. horse* s
tail ; -si(5a, f. horse's side ; -tagl, n.
horse's tail ; -vertS, n. the worth of a
horse; -J>j6fr, m. horse-stealer; -seta,
f. eater of horse-flesh.
hrosti, m. the mash (in brewing).
hrot-gas, f. barnacle-goose.
hrot-garmr, m. ' howling dog' ;
-garmr viSar^n? (poet.).
hrotta-mei6r, m. warrior (poet.).
hrotti, m. (i) sword (poet.) ; (2) a
coarse, rude fellow.
hroftr (gen. -ra and -rar), m. praise.
hrot$r-bac5mr, -barmr, in. the fa-
mous branch (the mistletoe) ; -fuss, a.
eager for praise.
hr6(5ugr, a. triumphant, glorious.
hrof, n. shed (under which ships are
built or kept).
hrokr (-s, -ar), m. rook (the bird).
hrokr, m. rook, castle (in chess).
hrop, n. slander, foul words.
hropa (ac5), v. (i) to slander, defame;
(2) to shout (h. d e-n).
hrop-yrfti, n. pi. slander, calumny.
hrosa (at$), v. to praise, with dat. ;
h. sdr, to boast ; h. sigri, to triumph.
hrosan, f. praise, boasting.
hrosari, m. boaster.
hrufa, f. rough surface, crust.
hrufla (atS), v. to scratch.
hrukka, f. wrinkle.
hruma (a(5), v. to enfeeble, make in-
firm ; hrumadr, infirm, worn by age.
hrum-ligr, a. infirm.
hrumr, a. infirm, decrepit, stagger*
ing (h. i gongu).
hrundning, f. kicking, pushing.
hruSr, m. crust, scab on a sore.
hruga, f. heap (liggja i hrugu).
hriigald, n. heap, mass.
hrut-manat5r, m. the third month of
winter (Dec.-Jan.).
hrutr (-s, -ar), m. ram.
hruts-fall, n. a ram's carcase;
-geera, f. the skin and fleece of a ram \
HRUTS-HOFTTB
[212
HR0KKVA
-hofutS, n. a ram's Jiead ; -mark,
-merki, n. the sign Aries.
hrycju-verk, n.foul deed, outrage.
hryg8, f. affliction, grief, sorrow
(mikil hryg6 ok hormung).
hryg(5ar-bunat5r, -buningr, m.
mourning dress ; -dagr, m. day of
sorrow ; -efni, n. cause of sorrow ;
-fullr, a. sorrowful, rueful', -mark,
n. token of sorrow, -samligr, a.
mournful; -svipr, m., -yfirbragS,
n. mournful look.
hrygg-afl, n. strength of the back ;
-bjiigr, a. crook-backed; -brotinn,
pp. broken- backed; -brotna (aft), v.
to break one^s back.
hryggiligr, a. mournful, sad.
hryggja (-fta, -<5r), v. (i) to distress,
grieve, with ace. (ekki hryggja mik
hot bin) ; refl., hryggjast, to become
sad or sorrowful ; (2) to cause to look
sad (\\. andlit sitt).
hrygg-knyttr, pp. humpbacked.
hrygg-leikr, m. = hrygd.
hrygg-lundir, f. pi. loins.
hryggr (-jar, -ir), m. (i) backbone,
spine ; (2) ridge, mountain-ridge.
hryggr (ace. -van), a. afflicted,
grieved, sad; er ber hryggt i hug, art
thou heavy of heart ?
hrygg-spenna (-ta, -tr), v. to clasp
the arms round another's back.
hrygg-sterkr, a. strong-backed.
hryggva, v. = hryggja (old form).
hrygna, f. spawner.
hrym(j)ast (d), v. refl. to become
old and infirm ; hrymdr, infirm from
age (h. baedi at syn ok elli).
hryn-henda, f. a kind of metre
(having lines with four stresses).
hrynja (hryn, hrunda, hruninn),
v. (i) to fall in, collapse, topple down
(veggrinn hrynr, bjorgin hrynjal ; (2)
to flow, stream (hrundu tarin a kinnr
honum) ; (3) to fall loosely (klasSit
hrundi ofan um hann) ; latum und
hanum h. lukla, let the keys rattle
down from his girdle ; (4) h. hasla
e-m, to shut upon one's heels.
hryssa, f. mare (cf. ( merhryssi ').
hrytr, m. snoring.
hrygja (-<5a, -$r), v. to heap together
(h. hverjum ofan d annan).
hrse (gen. pi. hrsBva), n. (i) dead
body, carrion ; (2) fragments (of a
thing), scraps.
hree^a (-dda, -ddr), v. to frighten ;
refl., hraeSast e-t or vi6 e-t, to be
afraid of, to fear, dread.
hraeddr, a. afraid (vi5 e-t, of],
frightened (at) ; vera h. um, at, to
fear, be afraid, that.
hraefti-liga, adv. dreadfully, fear-
fully -ligr, a. dreadful, fearful.
hraBOinn, a. timid.
hrsB-dreyrugr, a. gory.
hraefa (-&a, -t), v., h. um e-t, to
bear with, tolerate ; ma ekki um bat
h. lengr, it is no longer tolerable.
hrss-gifr, n. * carrion beast', wolf.
hraekja (-ta, -tr), v. to spit; h. e-u
tit, to sp:t oitt.
hraela (atS), v. to beat the loom with
a weaver's r^(hrasll).
hraell, m. weaver's rod, slay.
hrae-ljomi, m., -log, n. the light from
decomposing matter.
hrsBva-daunn, -befr, m. carrion-
smell ; stench of dead bodies.
hrsezla, f. dread, fear.
hiaezlu-fullr, a. in great fear;
-gcefti, n. timidity.
hrce(5a, f. disquiet, disturbance.
hrobtSu-lauss, a. free from disturb-
ance, quiet, peaceable (sjaldan mun
-laust vera i bessu hera6i).
hrcera (-Sa, -t$r), v. (i) to move,
stir (h. fingrna) ; h. i katlinum, to stir
the pot ; h. e-t saman, to mix up
(h. saman allt, moldina ok blofiit) ; (2)
refl., hrcerast, to move oneself, to be
in motion (ba hrcerist heinin i hofuS
f>6r) ; to move from one's place, to
budge, stir (ek astla he'San hvergi at
hroerast).
hrcerar, m. pi. groin.
hrceriligr, a. movable.
hrcering (pi. -ar),f. (i) motion, stir;
(2) inclination.
hrcesinn, a. boasting, vaunting.
hroesni, f. boasting, bragging.
hr0kkla (at$), v. to reel, totter.
hr0kkva (hr0kk ; hrokk, hrukk-
um. ; hrokkinn), v. (i) to fall back,
recoil, be repelled; h. frd, to shrink
back ; h. fyrir e-m, to give way before
HRJ0KKVA
[213J HUGGANDI, HUQQAKI
one (gekk konungr svd hart fram, at
allt hrokk fyrir honum) ; h. undan, to
give way, draw back, retreat ihrukku
Baglar pa undan) ; h. vi<5, to stand at
bay, make a stand (ver3r Sigvaldi nu
vi5 at h.) ; (2) to curl, of hair (hann
hafdi gult har, ok hrokk mjok) ; (3)
to suffice.
hrpkkva (-ta, -tr), v. (i) h. e-u urn
e-t, to lash (switch] with a thing ;
belt eigi heldr a" en talknskiSi (a piece
of whalebone] vasri hr0kt um ; (2) to
spur or whip a horse (eptir bat hr0kti
hann hestinn) ; (3) refl., hrokkvast, to
coil, wriggle, of a snake (undan honum
hr0ktist ein na5ra at Oddi) ; hr0kkvast
aptr, to turn back (G. rei5 sidastr ok
skyldi geyma, at engir hr0ktist aptr).
hronn (gen. hrannar, pi. hrannir),
f. wave ; dat. pi., hronnum, in heaps
(drepr hann hir<3menn konungs ni5r
hronnum).
hr0r, n. corpse hrer.
hrpr-ligr, a. dilapidated, ruinous.
hr0rna (atS), v. (i) to fall into decay
(of buildings); (2) to wither (treit
deyr, pegar pat hr0rnar).
huga (a$), v. (i) to excogitate, think
out (hugat hefi ek mer ra*5) ; (2) h.
e-m e-t, to think of, intend, for one
(verk hefi ek hugat peV) ; (3) h. at e-u,
to attend to, look after (pa* var at
hugat sarum Kormaks) ; h. um e-t, to
be concerned about ; h. fyrir e-u, to
Provide for.
hugatS-latr, a. engaging, amiable ;
-liga, adv. amiably, lovingly.
hugaftr, a. (i) courageous, bold; (2)
h. e-m vel (litt), well (ill) disposed
towards one ; (3) e-m er mest um e-t
hugat, one has most at heart (HafliSi
kvad pat synt, at henni var mest um
hann hugatj.
hugaft-Bamliga, adv. carefully ;
-Bamr, a. gentle, engaging.
hugafts-roefta, f. sensible speech.
huga-fullr, a. anxious ; -goSr, a.
kind-hearted.
hugall, a. mindftil, thoughtful.
hugalt, adv. carefully (geyma h.).
hugan, f. care, concern (konungr bar
her mikla hugan fyrir).
hugar-angr, n. heart's grief ; -hot,
f. comfort ; -ekki, m. heart-ache, dis-
tress of mind\ -far, n. disposition^
frame of mind; -fyst, f. desire; -goftr,
a. kind of heart; -herfti, f. hard-
hear -tedness ; -hr oar ing, f. emotion ;
-hvarf, n. estrangement ; -kraptr,
m. strength of mind ; -Idtliga, adv.
amiably, gently ; -lund, f. disposition
of mind, fancy ; -otti, m. fright,
anxiety ; -reikan, -ruglan, f. wander-
ing of mind ; -sturlan, f. insanity ;
-styrkr, m. strength of mind; -um-
skipti, n. pi. change of mind ; -valatS,
n. anguish of mind ; -oe5i, f. fury ;
-oasingr, m. excitement, agitation of
mind.
hug-ast, f. heartfelt affection ; unna
-astum, to love with all one's heart ;
-blauSr, a. cowardly ; -bleyfti, f.
cowardice ; -bli5r, a. gentle of mind ;
-bo 5, n. foreboding, anticipation,
fancy (pat er naer minu -bo<5i, at);
-boSit, pp. n., hafa e-t -bodit, to in-
tend; -borft, n. courage; -borg, f.
the breast (poet.) ; -bbt, f. comfort;
-brigSr, a. fickle, false (vi6 e-n).
hug5, f., only in compds., hugdar-.
hugcSa, f. interest, affection ; leggja
hugfiu til e-s, to take interest in, feel
affection for one (konungr leggr enga
hug3u til hests sins) ; maela, rceSa af
hugdu, to speak from one's heart.
hugcSar-erindi, n. a matter which
one has at heart -maftr, m. intimate
friend; -mal, n. = -erindi.
hug-dirfa (-(5a, -c5r), v. to encourage ;
-dirfc5, f. courage; -djarfr, a. coura-
geous, stout-hearted.
hugftu-maSr, m. = hug5ar-ma5r.
hug-dyggr, a. steadfast; -fastliga,
adv. steadfastly ; -fastr, a. steadfast^
fixed in one's mind ; e-m er e-t -fast,
one is bent on ; -fatt, a. n., e-m ver5r
-fatt, one loses heart ; -feldr, a. agree-
able; -festa (-sta, -str), v. (i) to fix
in one's mind; (2) to make up one's
mind about ; -fullr, &. full of courage.
hugga (atS), v. to comfort, console ;
refl., huggast, to be comforted.
huggan, f. comfort, consolation.
hugganar-orS, n. word of comfort ;
-van, f. hope of comfort.
huggandi, huggari, m. comforter.
HUG-Q6BR
[214]
HUQ-STCEDB
hug-got$r, a. kind-hearted, cheerful ;
-gaBfr, a. cheerful ; -gcetSi, TL. goodness
of heart ; -hress, a. cheerful, at ease ;
-hreysti, f. courage ; -hvarf, n. change
of mind; telja e-m -hvarf, to persuade
one to change his mind', -hcegr, a.,
e-m er -hcegt, one feels at ease.
hugi, m. mind ( = hugr) ; ilium huga,
with evil mind, ill, badly ; hafa e-t i
huga, to have in one ' s mind, to think
of; leiSa e-t huga, to consider.
huginn, m. the wise raven of Odin.
hug-kvsBinligr, a. ingenious, apt ;
-kvaBmr, ( I ) recurring to one's mind ;
(2) mindful, attentive ; -koemligr, a.
= -kvaemligr ; -lauss, a. faint-hearted,
cowardly ; -leggja (see leggja), v.
to lay to mind, to reflect on ; -lei(5a
(-dda, -ddr), v. to pay attention to,
consider', -leicSing, f. reflection ; -16tt,
a. n., e-m er -le"tt = e-m er -hcegt ;
-leltir, m. mind's ease, comfort ;
-leikit, pp. n., mer er eigi -leikit at,
I have no mind to ; -leysa, f., -leysi,
n.faitit-heartedness; -litill, &. faint-
hearted; -Ijufi, m. darling (harm var
-Ijufi allra manna) ; -ma(5r, in. bold
man ; -mannliga, adv. boldly.
hugna (acS), v. to please ; e-m hug-
nar e-t, one is pleased, satisfied with
a thing; impers., meY hugnar vel
(ilia) vio e-n, I am pleased (displeased]
with one; refl., hugnast = hugna.
hug-pruSr, a. stout-hearted, noble ;
-pryfti, f. courage, nobleness.
hugr (-ar, -ir), m. (i) mind; f hug
eda verki, in mind or act; vera i hug
e-m, to be in one's mind ; koma e-m i
hug, to come into one's mind, occur to
one ; Iei8a e-t hugum, to consider ;
ganga (lifia, hverfa) e-m or hug, to
pass out of one's memory, to be for-
gotten ; snua hug sinum eptir (at, fra")
e-u, to turn one's mind after (to,
from] ; maela um hug ser, to feign,
dissemble ; orka tveggja huga um e-t,
to be of two minds about a thing ;
orkast hugar a" e-t, to resolve ; ef per
ler nokkut tveggja huga um petta, if
thou be of two minds about the matter ;
(2) mood, heart, temper, feeling ; goc5r
h . , kind heart ; i 1 Ir h . , ill temper, spite ;
heill h., sincerity ; reynast hugi vifl,
to make close acquaintance ; hugir
peirra foru saman, they loved each
other; (3) desire, wish ; leggja hug a"
e-t, to lay to heart, take interest in ;
leggja litinn hug a e-t, to mind little,
neglect; leggja hug a konu, to fall in
love with a woman ; mer leikr h. a"
e-u, I long (wish) for a thing; e-m
rennr h. til e-s, to have affection for
one ; mer er engi hugr a at selja hann,
/ have ?w mind to sell him ; (4) fore-
boding; sva segir mdr h. um, I fore-
bode ; hann kva5 ser ilia hug sagt
hafa (he had evil forebodings] um
hennar gjaforS ; mer by3r hugr um
e-t, / anticipate (eptir gekk mer pat,
er mer baud hugr um) ; mer by6r e-t i
hug, it enters my mind, I think ; g0ra
ser i hug, to imagine; (5) courage;
h. ras5r halfum sigri, a stout heart
is half the battle ; herSa huginn (hug
sinn), to take heart, exert oneself,
hug-rakkr, a. stout-hearted ; -raun,
f. (i) trial of one's mind ; (2) trial of
valour; -rekki, f. courage, intre-
pidity ; -renning, f. thought ; -ro, f.
peace of mind.
hug-ro, f. clinch on a sword's hilt.
hug-runar, f. pi. ' mind-runes '.
hugsa (ac5), v. to think, think upon ;
hugsat hefi ek kostinn, I have thought
over the terms ; h. eptir um e-t, to
consider ; h. e-t fyrir ser, to ponder
over, reflect upon ; h. um e-t, to think
about ; h. sik um e-t, to take co^tnsel
with oneself about a thing, consider.
hugsan, f. (i) thought, thinking;
bera h. fyrir e-u, to ponder over ; (2)
opinion (her em ek i annari h.).
hugsanar-augu,n. pi. mentalvision,
intellect ; -stund, f., -timi, m. time
for consideration or reflection.
hugsi, a. indecl. thoughtful, medita-
tive, absent-minded (hann for jafnan
sem h. vasri).
hug-sjukr, a. distressed, anxious ;
-skot, n. mind, soul ; -sott, f. care,
anxiety, concern ; -speki, f. saga-
city, foresight ; -steinn, m. the heart
(poet.) ; -sterkr, a. strong of mind;
-stiginn, pp. in high spirits ; -stol-
inn, pp. mad, crazy ; -storr, a. high-
minded; -stoeftr, a. (\) fixed in one's
HUG-SYKI
[215]
HUNIR
mind ; (2) vera -stcett til e-s, to be
opposed to one ; -syki, f. anxiety ;
-sykja (-ta, -tr), v. to make one
anxioiis ; -tregi, m. affliction, grief;
-trur, a. true, faithful.
hugum-storr, a. great of heart.
hug-veikr, a. weak-minded', -vit,
n. understanding, sagacity ; -pekkr,
a. endeared to one, after one's heart
(-pekkr allri alpydu) ; -pokkaftr, pp.
well disposed; -pokki, m. mind, dis-
position, judgement (hefir petta farit
eptir -pokka mmum) ; -pungt, a. n.,
e-m er -pungt, one is depressed.
huld, {.giantess, = trollkona.
hulda, f. (i) cover, -veil (mikil poka
ok h. liggr yfir eyju peirri) ; (2) hiding,
secrecy ; drepa huldu e-t, to hide,
conceal a matter.
huldar-hottr, m. hood of disguise.
huliftr, pp. hidden, obscure.
huliSs-hjalmr, hulins-, m. ' hiding
helmet ' ; bregSa -hjalmi yfir e-n, to
make one invisible.
hulning, f. hiding, covering.
humarr (gen. -s, pi. humrar), m.
lobster ; humra fjoll, waves (poet.).
humott, f. = hamot.
hunang, n. honey.
hunang-ligr, a. honeyed.
hunangs-dogg, f., -fall, n. honey
dew ; -ilmr, m. smell of honey ; -loekr,
m. stream of honey.
hund-, in compds., very, extremely ;
-djarfr, a. exceedingly bold', -forn, a.
very old.
hund-ga, f. barking; -heicSinn, a.
* dog-heathen ', = heidinn sem hundr.
hund-margr, a. innumerable.
hundr (-s, -ar), m. dog, hound;
vera 6r hunda hljoSi or hljoSum, to
have made one's escape.
hundratS (pi. hundruft), n. hundred;
tiroett h. = icx>; tolfrostt h. = 120;
hundruSum, by (in) hundreds', as
value, one hundred and twenty ells of
the stuff wadmal ; h. fritt, a hundred
paid in cattle ; tolf hundruS morend,
twelve hundred in dark-striped wad-
mal; hundraS silfrs, ? the silver value
of 1 20 ells ( = 20 ounces}.
hundratS-faldr, a. hundredfold.
hundratSa-hoftStngi, m. centurion.
hunds-bit, n. bite of a dog; -socS, n.
broth made from a dog.
hund-tik, f. bitch.
hund-villr, a. utterly lost, quite
astray ; -visa, a. very wise (hundviss
jb'tunn).
hungr (gen. -rs), m. and n. hunger.
hungra (atS), v. impers., e-n hungrar,
one hungers ; hungraSr, a. hiwgry.
hur(5 (pi. -ir), f. door ; h. er aptr>
the door is shut ; drepa d h., to knock
at the door.
hurtSar-asar, m. pi. * door-beams ' ;
-bak, n. the back of a door ; at -baki,
behind the door ; -bora, f. small hole
in a door ; -flaki, m. hurdle ; -hringr,
m. door-ring; -jarn, n. door-hinge;
-klofi, m. door-groove; -oki, m. a
cross-plank joining the boards of a
door (pd borafli A. hurSarokann).
hurft-ass, m. * door-beam '.
huttututu, inter]., to express shiver-
ing from cold.
hutS (pi. -ir), f. hide (of cattle).
hu(5ar-pvengr, m. a thong cut out
of a hide.
huS-fat, n. a kind of hammock .
huftfats-f6lagi, m. hammock mate.
hutS-keipr, m. canoe of skin, kayak
-lat, n. loss of one's hide, flogging ;
-skor, m. a shoe of raw hide ; -strjuka
(see etrjuka), v. to flog; -stroka, f.
flogging; -strykja (-ta, -tr), v. to
flog; -pak, n. roof of hides; -pekja,
(see pekja), v. to cover with hides.
hiifa, f. (l) cap, bonnet; (2) vault,
ceiling of a church (hann l^t penta
hufuna).
hufr (-s, -ar), m. h^tlk or hull of a
ship (undir hufinn d skipi).
huka (-ta, -t), v. to squat.
hum, n. twilight, dusk.
huma (atS), v. to grow dusk (var nii
mjok humat).
Huna-land, n. the land of the Huns.
Hunar, m. pi. the Huns.
hun-bora, f. the hole in the mast-
head through which the halyard went ;
vinda segl vi6 -boru, to hoist the sail;
-dreginn, pp. hoisted to the top ; -kas-
tali, m. the crow's nest at the mast-
head (d knorrunum voru hunkastalar).
Hunir, m. pi. the Huns.
HUN-LENZKR
[216]
HVAR
hun-lenzkr, a. Hunnish ; -megir,
m. pi. = Hunar, Hunir.
hunn (-s, -ar), m. the knob at the
top of the mast-head ; draga segl vi5
hun (i him upp), vinda upp segl vi6
huna, to hoist a sail to the top.
hunn (-s, -ar), m. (i) bear's cub ; (2)
urchin, boy (poet.).
hunskr, a. = hunlenzkr, hynskr.
hus, n. house (leita nu um hvert h. &
peim bee) ; pi. the group of buildings
on a farm, baer ; taka hus (pi.) d.
-m, to take a person by surprise in
his house ; at husa baki, at the back
of the ho^(ses.
husa (atS), v. to build houses, furnish
with houses (Uni husaSi par).
husa-bcer, m. farmstead, farm-
houses ; -kostr, m. lodgings, house-
accommodation ; -kot, n. cottage ;
kynni, n. pi. = -kostr ; -mot, n. pi.
the joining of buildings ; -skipan, f.
arrangement of buildings ; -snotra, f.
an ornament on a gable-head or on
a ship ; -topt, f. house walls (without
the roof) ; -umbcetr, f. pi. house re-
pairs ; -vitSr, m. house-timber , -vist,
f. abode (hann tekr ser par -vist).
hus-bak, n. back of the houses ;
-bondi, m. master of the house ;
-brenna, f. house-burning, arson ;
-bunatSr, -buningr, m. house furni-
ture, esp. hangings, tapestry ; -dyrr,
f. pi. house doors; -endi, m. house
end, gable; -fastr, a. domiciled;
-freyja, f., -fru, f. (i) mistress of the
house ; (2) wife ; -gafl, m. house-gable ;
-ganga, f . ' house-walking ', visits ;
-gangr, m. begging from house to
house (fara a" -gang) ; -gumi, m. =
-bondi ; -gongull, a. making many
visits ; -g0rt5, f. house-making.
husi, m. case (skasra-husi, scissor
case}.
hus-karl, m. (i) house-carle, man-
servant; (2) pi. the ki?tg's men, his
body-guard.
huskarla-lift, n. body of house-carles.
hiis-kona, f. housewife, lady of the
house ; -kytja, f. hovel.
husi, n. housel ; husla (atS), v. to
housel, administer the Eucharist to
vne (var hiislaSr ok do sfSan).
hus-moenir, m. ridge of a house;
-pruftr, a. = hybyla-pruor ; -veggr,
m. house wall; -J>ekja, f. house-
thatch ; -]>ing, n. council, meeting (to
which a king or chief summoned his
people or guardsmen).
hva(5an, adv. ( i ) whence ; f>6ttist
engi vita, h. ve5r var a\ whence (from
what quarter) the wind blew ; me5an
ek veit eigi vist, h. G. hinn riki stendr
at, as long as I know not what side
G. takes ; (2) from wheresoever ; h.
sem,from what place or source soever ;
hann siglir h. sem a cr, he sails, what-
ever wind may blow; h. aefa, from
every side ({>ustu J>a borgarmenn h.
aefa at J>eim) ; on all sides ; hann
vann svd, at h. aefa voru a" honum
hendrnar, he worked as if he had
hands all over him.
hval-fong, n. pi. stores of whale
(blubber] ; -grof, f. whale pit (where
blubber was kept) ; -jam, n. harpoon ;
-kaup, n. piirchase of whale-blubber ;
-kalfr, m. yoiing whale ; -koma, f.
stranding of whales.
hvalr (-s, -ar, and -ir), m. whale ;
skera hval, to flense a whale.
hval-reicS, f., -reki, m., -rekstr, m.
stranding of whales ; -rif, n. whale's
rib ; -saga, f. news of a whale.
hvals-auki, m. spermaceti.
hval-skurtSr, m. flensing (cutting
up] of a whale; -skyti, m. whale
harpooner.
hvammr (-s, -ar), m. grassy hollow
or little vale (kaus hann ser biistad i
hvammi einum).
hvann-njoli, m. angelic a- stalk.
hvar, adv. (i) where, in or at what
place (h. vartu \ nott, eSa h. er pitt
heimili ?) ; h. skulu vit a leita ? where
shall we search f ; (2) wliere, to what
place, whither (se' ek nu, h. sok horf-
ir) ; (3) anywhere ; h^r framarr en h.
annars sta5ar, here more than any-
where else ; (4) in each place (ur6u
J)rju ping \ hverjum fjorQungi ok skyldu
pingnautar eiga hvar saksoknir sam-
an); her ok h., here and there, now
here now there ; viSast h., in most
places, in most instances ; h. sem,
wherever (h. sem hann for) ; (5) ever
HVARF
[217]
HVlLFA
so, very ; h. fjarri, ever so far, very
far off '(ek ligg einn i husi ok kerling
min, en h. fjarri 66rum monnum) ;
vidara h., ever so much farther (um
allt Hdlogaland ok po vidara h.) ; h.
meiri, ever more, much more (ek skal
po h. meiri stund a leggja).
hvarf, n. disappearance (h. Ifiunnar) ;
rann hann peim par h., he ran out of
their sight.
hvarf a (aft), v. (i) to be turned
round', let hann ser i hendi h. ker
gullit, he rolled the gold cup round in
his hand\ (2) stroll about (filarnir
hvarfa um skoginn) ; e-m hvarfar hugr,
one's mind wavers ; (3) h. i milli, to
stand between (in the way}.
hvar-fiiss, a. fickle (poet.).
hvargi, adv. in each (every) place,
everywhere ; h. er (or sem), whereso-
ever (h. er pii tekr land).
hvar-leiftr, a. loathsome to all men.
hvarmr (-s, -ar), m. eyelid.
hvars, adv. = hvar es, wheresoever.
hvar-vetna, adv. everywhere.
hvass, a. (i) sharp, keen (h. knifr,
hvoss 0xi, hvasst va"pn) ; pointed, taper-
ing (h. hjalmr) ; (2) fig., of the in-
tellect, keen (hvasst nasmi) ; of the
eyes or sight (hvoss augu, hvoss sjon) ;
(3) sharp, acute ; hvasst hljoQ, a sharp
sound ; (4) of wind, sharp, fresh (h.
byrr, hvasst ve5r, andviQri).
hvass-eggj ac5r, a. keen-edged', -eygr,
a. keen-eyed ; -leikr, m. sharpness ;
-leitr, a. sharp-looking; -liga, adv.
sharply ; -nefjaftr, a. sharp-nebbed ;
-tenntr, a. sharp-toothed; -vitSri, n.
sharp gale, = hvasst vedr.
hvat (old gen. hvess, dat. hvi),neut.
pron. I. interrog. (i) what (h. synist
pe"r rdQ ?) ; h. er per, Hjalmar ? what is
the matter with thee, H.? ; expressing
wonder, what sort off (h. 0gmundr
ertu ?) ; with gen., h. er pat fira, flagSa,
drauma, fiska? what sort of men.
witches, dreams, fishes? h. manna
ertu ? what sort of a man art thou f ;
with dat., hann spurSi, h. monnum
peir vaeri, what kind of men they were ;
(2) implying an answer in the negative,
to what end? of what use? (h. skal
rogum manni langt vapn ?) (3) how,
hve, hversu ; fre'ttir hann nil, h.
Ii5i bonords-ma'luin, how the wooing
was going on\ 11. indef. pron. (i)
each, every ; h. at 65ru, * each with the
other', everything; pat li<3, er honum
fylgdi, flyr ser hvat, scattered in all
directions; h. biflr sinnar stundar,
there is a time for everything; (2)
= hvatki, with the relat. part. ' er (es) '
or ' sem ' ; h. sem or h. es, whatso-
ever ; (3) with compar., ever so much ;
hann var til hans h. betr en til sinna
barna, he was ever so much kinder to
him than to his own children.
hvata (at$), v. (i) to hasten, with
dat., h. for sinni, h. ferSinni, to hasten
one's journey ; h. gongunni, to quicken
one's pace ; h. bdli, to hurry on the
bonfire ; (2) absol., to hasten, speed
(h. til skipa, h. heim).
hvata-, gen. pi. from * hvot '.
hvata-buss, m. busybody ; -matSr,
m. prompter.
hvatan, ace. from 'hvatr', adv. at
a quick pace (riSa h.).
hvati, m. hurry, haste.
hvatki, indef. pron. (i) each thing,
everything for itself (munu per pa
vita til hvers h. kemr) ; (2) with 'er' ;
h. er (es), whatsoever (heill er hugr
Atla, h. es pik dreymir).
hvat-latr, a. quick ; -leikr, m.
alacrity, activity (-leikr i orrostum) ;
-liga, adv. quickly (ri6a -liga) ; -ligr,
a. quick, brisk ; -ligt Ii6, active troops.
hvatr, a. active, brisk, vigorous (h.
maflr, h. hugr) ; neut. ' hvatt ' as adv.
quickly (rida hvatt, sem hvatast).
hvat-raet$i, n. quick action ; -skeyti,
n. precipitancy ; -skey tiligr, a. rash,
headlong.
hvat-vetna (gen. hvers-, dat. hvi-
vetna), pron. n. anything whatever'
vex per hvatvetna i augu, everything
grows big in thy eyes ; var Hrafn
iyrir peim i hvivetna, H. was their
superior in every respect.
hvat-visi, f. temerity ; -visb'ga, adv.
rashly ; -viss, a. rash, headlong, reck-
less (rnaflr hvatviss ok ovitr).
hvalf, n. (i) vault; (2) concavity
(of a shield).
hvalfa (-da, -t), v. = holfa.
[218]
HVERPA
hvall (-s, -ar), m. kill, hillock, knoll
(dalr var i hvalinum).
hvaptr (-s, -ar), m. mouth, chops.
hvargi (neut. hvarki and hvartki),
indef. pron. neither (of two) ; h. peirra,
neither of them ; neut. ' hva"rki ' as
adv., hviirki . . . ne, neither . . . nor
(hefir h. heyrt til bans styn ne hosta).
hvargin-ligr, a. neuter (-ligt kyn).
hvdrigr or hvdrugr, indef. pron.
neither, = hvaVgi.
hvarr, pron. (i) which (of the two) ;
in pi. of two parties, hvdrir sigrast,
which of both (hosts) will gain the
day ; (2) each (of the two) ; h. v\6
annan, each to the other ; sinn veg h.,
each his own way ; (3) at hvaru, yet,
nevertheless, however.
hvarrgi, pron. = hvargi.
hvarr-tveggi, -tveggja, pron. each
of the two, either, both ; (i) as adj., or
hvarritveggju hlustinni, out of both
ears ; (2) as subst. with gen., -tveggi
J>eirra, both of them ; with a possess.,
-tveggi okkarr, both of us; (3) the
neut. nvdrttveggja, used as adv., both
(hvaYttveggja karlar ok konur).
hvart, neut. from ' nvdrr ', as interr.
adv., whether, direct and indirect ; h.
grastr pu ? whether dost thou weep (or
not}? h.skalekfaraedreigi? whether
shall I go or not? hann vildi vita, h.
hann var i brynju, he wanted to know
whether he wore a coat of mail; with
the rel. part, er (es or sem), h. er . . .
e5a, whether . . . or (h. er peir tolu8u
her til fleira e5a faerra).
hvdrz = hv^rts = hvdrt es (= er).
hv6, adv. (i) how, in what manner
(hv6 for me6 peim?) ; h. heitir pu ? how
art thou named?; (2) qualifying an adj.
or adv., how, to what extent ; h. gam-
all ma6r hann vasri, how old he was ;
peir vissu eigi, h. fram var, they did not
know the time of day ; h. nasr ? when ?
(rive* naer mun hann heim koma ?)
hv6gi, adv. howsoever, always with a
following particle, er (es) or sem (h.
lengi sem, h. vi3a sem).
hveim, dat. from the obsolete pron.
* hvar ' = hverr ; (i) to whom ? (h. eru
bekkir baugum sanir ?) ; (2) to any
(manni h. or manna h.) ; h. er (es), to
whomsoever (or5stirr deyr aldregi
hveim, er ser g66an getr).
hveiti, n. wheat ; -akr, m. wheat-
field; -mjol, n. wheat meal, flour.
hvel, n. wheel; hverfanda hveli,
on a whirling wheel.
hvelfa (-da, -dr), v. to upset, over-
turn, with dat. (hann hvelfdi nokk-
vanum undir se"r) ; impers., skipinu
hvelfdi, the ship capsized.
hvell-mesltr, a. clear-voiced.
hvellr, a. shrill, sharp in tone (h.
Iu6r) ; hvell rodd, a clear voice ; mada
(tala) h^tt ok hvellt, to speak loud and
clearly.
hvelpr (-s, -ar), m. whelp.
hvenar, adv. when ? ( hve nasr).
hverfa (hverf ; hvarf, hurfum ;
horfinn) ; v. (i) to have a circular or
rotatory motion, turn round (himinn
hverfr) ; with ace. of the place, himin
h. pau skulu hverjan dag, they shall
wheel round the heaven every day, of
the sun and moon ; (2) to be lost to
sight (h. at syn) ; to disappear, vanish
(hverfa af himni heiSar stjornur) ; e-m
hverfr e-t, one loses a thing (Mdvi
hurfu saudir nokkurir) ; siSan hvarf
hann peim, he vanished out of their
sight; (3) with preps, and advs., h.
af at gera e-t, to leave off doing a
thing; h. aptr, to turn back, return;
aptr hverfr lygi, pd. er sonnu mcetir, a
lie recoils before the truth ; h. at e-m,
to throng around one (pa" hurfu pegar
at honum allir ok fognuSu honum) ;
h. at e-u, to turn to, to adopt (h. at e-u
ra"5i) ; h. brott, to disappear; h. eptir
e-m, to follow one ; h. fr e-u, to turn
away from ; g0r6u-t far festa, a5r peir
fra" hyrfi, they did not moor the boat
before they turned away ; to leave off
(nu skal par til taka, sem fyrr var frd
horfit) ; h. i sundr, to part; h. til e-s,
to turn (go] to one, or to a place
(hlsejandi GuSrun hvarf til skemmu) ;
esp. to go to one and take leave (Gun-
nar hverfr til allra manna, er hann er
buinn) ; to fall to one 1 slot, accrue to
one (|>6tti stor heill til hans horfit
hafa); h. um e-t, to encircle, surround
(h. um hodd goSa) ; h. undan e-m, to
be withdrawn from, lost to one (hvarf
HVERFA
[219J
HVINNSKR
riki i Noregi undan Dana konungum) ;
(4) horfinn, pp. (i) surrounded ( beer-
inn var h. monnum) ; vera vel vinum
h., to be well backed by friends ; vel
um horfit, in good condition (par st65
naust ok var vel um horfit) ; (2)
abandoned, forsaken ; heillum h., for-
saken by luck ; sok h., having lost the
suit ; heraSi h., bereft of a dwelling
in the district.
hverfa (-(5a, -(5r), v. (i) to ticrn a
thing (in a certain direction) ; h. e-m
hugi (ace. pi.), to change a person's
mind; (2) h. e-u um e-t. to enclose
with a thing\ vera hveriQr utan um
e-t, to encircle a thing.
hverfi, n. cluster of farms.
hverf-lyndi, n. fickleness ; -lyndr,
a. fickle-minded.
hverfr, a. (i) shifty, changeable (h.
hugr) ; (2) neut., hverft, quickly (fara
h.; styra h.).
hverf-raftr, a. fickle, wavering.
hverfull, a. shifty, changeable.
hvergi, pron. (i) each, every one
(hann Idt sem hann eigi vissi, hvat
h. tala5i) ; (2) adding 'er' or 'sem',
whosoever (h. er pa beidir) ; hverngi
veg sem (howsoever] hann vill svara.
hvergi, adv. (i) nowhere (hann undi
h.) ; h. annars sta<5ar, nowhere else;
(2) by no means, not at all; vil ek h.
fara, I shall not go at all ; vera h. fcerr,
to be quite unable to go ; h. n3cr,far
from it (h. nasr allir) ; with compar.
(Bergr var bess h. fusari) ; alls h., no-
where at all.
hver-gffltir, m. * cauldron-keeper ',
cook (poet.).
hverigr, pron. = hvergi.
hvernig, adv. how ( = hvern veg).
hvernin, hvernug, adv. = hvernig.
hverr (-s, -ar), m. (i) kettle, caul-
dron ; (2) hot spring (hverrinn var
bas5i heitr ok djupr).
hverr, pron. (i) interrog., used both
substantively and adjectively, who,
which, what? hverjarero pasrmeyjar?
who are these maids ? h. a hestinn ?
who owns the horse ? h. er pessi mafir?
who is this man f hvern enda ? what
endf (2) indef. each, every one, as
subst., with gen.; manna h., every
man ; froSra h., every wise man ; h.
varr, each of us ; as adj., h. gumi,
every man ; hverjan or hvern dag,
every day ; as adv., i hverju, every
moment (veSrit ox i hverju) ; (3) any
(fyrir utan hverja hjaUp) ; (4) with the
relat. part. ' er ' or ' sem ', whosoever,
whichever (pa skulu peir pegar drepa
hann h. sem hann er j 5(5) with another
pron. or adj ; h. at 6<3rum, one after
another (hverja nott eptir a5ra) ; at
oSru hverju, every now and then ;
hverir tveir, every two and two ;
pricSja hvert a"r, every three years (= a*
hverjum premrarum) ; hverr . . . sinn,
every one . . . his (hverr ma<5r i sinu
rumi) ; (6) relat. (rare), who, which.
hvera-dagliga, adv. (i) every day;
(2) commonly, generally (eigi var hon
margmaslt -dagliga) ; -dagligr, a. (i)
every day ; (2) common.
hversdags-maftr, m. an every-day
man, ordinary person.
hvers-konar, -kyns, adv. of every
kind (a -konar lund).
hversu, adv. how, = hve.
hvert, adv. (i) whither, where (Gun-
nar sagSi peim, h. hann astladi) ; (2) h.
er, whithersoever (h. er hann ferr).
hver-vetna, adv. everywhere (=
hvarvetna).
hvessa (-ta, -tr), v. (i) to sharpen,
whet (h. spjot) ; h. augun a e-t, to
look keenly or hard at ; (2) to stir up,
instigate; (3) impers., hvessir \e5rit
(ace.), it blows up a gale.
hverja (hvet ; hvatta, hvottum ;
hvattr), v. (i) to whet, sharpen (h.
s\er<3); (2) to encourage (siSan hvatti
hann HQ sitt) ; hvat hvatti pik hingat ?
what urged thee to come here ?
hvic5a, f. squall of wind.
hvika (atS), v. to quail, shrink, waver
(= h. undan } ; impers., hvi hvikar per
sva" ? why art thori so slow ?
hvikan, f. wavering.
hvik-saga, f. idle tale, slander.
hvim-lei(5r, a. loathsome, detested
(-Iei6r basSi trollum ok monnum).
hvimsi, a. taken aback, discomfited
(verSa h. vi6).
hvinn, m. pilferer; hvinnska, f.
larceny ; hvinnskr, a. thievish.
HVI3STB
[220J
HYGQJA
hvinr, m. whiz, whistling (h. orvar-
innar ; hvinrinn af hogginu).
hvirfill (gen. -s, dat. hvirfli), m.
(l) circle -, ring; (2) crown of the
head (milli hvirfils ok ilja).
hvirfil-vindr, m. whirlwind.
hvirfing, f., hvirfmgr, m. (l) circle
(of men); setjast i hvirfing, to sit
down in a circle ; (2) drinking match
(drekka hvirfine).
hvirfings-broSir, m. club-mate ;
-drykkja, f. drinking bout (in a sort
of club or guild).
hvirfla (at$), v. to whirl, spread
(pasr astlufiu at h. heyit).
hviss, inter), whew !
hvi, (i) an old dat. of 'hvat'; pa"
spurdi Hallr, hvi pat saetti, then H.
asked what was the matter ; fyrir hvi,
why, wherefore (fyrir h. bi5r pu eigi
laekningar ?) ; (2) adv. why f = fyrir
hvf (hvi ertu svd. folr ?).
hvila (-da, -dr), v. (i) with ace. to
rest ; h. 115 sitt, to let one's troops rest;
h. sik, to take rest (peir hvildu sik par
ok eyki sina) ; hvildr, rested (peir hafa
mcedda hesta, en ver hb'fum alia
hvilda) ; refl., hvilast = h. sik ; (2) to
lie, rest, sleep in a bed (h. i rekkju
sinni) ; h. hja e-m, to sleep with one ;
(3) to lie buried (til staSarins par sem
6lafr hinn helgi hvilir).
hvila, f. bed; ganga (fara) til hvilu,
to go to bed.
hvil-beftr, m. bed of rest ; -brogcS,
n. pi. = hvilubrogS.
hvild, f. (i) rest, repose (taka h. or
hvildir) ; (2) pause (pd. var h. nokkur
d um bardagann).
hvildar-dagr, m. day of rest, the
Sabbath ; -hestr, m. relay horse ;
lauss, a. restless.
hvi-likr, a., of what kind or sort.
hvilu-brdgS, n. pi. cohabitation ;
f61agi, m. bed- fellow ; -golf, n. bed
closet ; -klsetSi, n. pi. bed-clothes ;
tollr, m. hire of a bed; -prong, f.
want of room in one's bed.
hvina (hvin ; hvein, hvinum ;
hvininn), v. to whiz, whistle (orvar
hvinu hjd peim ollum megin).
hviskr, n. whisper, whispering.
hviskra (atS), v. whisper.
hvisl, n., hvisla, f. whisper.
hviala (a<5), v. = hviskra ; recipr.,
hvislast, to whisper to one another.
hvita-bjorn, m. white bear, polar
bear ; -dagar, m. pi. * the wJiite days ',
Whitsun-week.
hvitadaga-helgr, f. Whitsuntide ;
-vika, f. Whitsun-week.
Hvita-kristr, m. the white Christ.
hvit-armr, a. white-armed.
hvita-sunna, f. Whitsunday.
hvitasunnu-dagr, m. = hvitasunna.
hvita-vatSir, f. pi. the white dress
worn by those newly baptized.
hvit-beiim, a. white-legged; -fjacS-
rat5r, a. white-feathered; -fyssa
(-ti, -t), v. to be white with foam ;
-haddatSr, a. white-haired, light-
haired (meyjar -haddadar) ; -harr, a.
white-haired.
hviti, i.fair complexion.
hvitingr, m. a kind of whale.
hvit-klaBddr, pp. clad in white;
-leikr, m. whiteness.
hvitna (atS), v. to become white.
hvitr, a. white (hvitt silfr) ; h. a hdr,
white-haired.
hvit-rondottr, a. white - striped ;
-akeggj a^r, a. white-bearded; -skinn,
n. white skin, ermine ; -vacSungr (-s,
-ar), m. one dressed in white weeds
(hvitavaSir).
hvaasa (-ta, -t), v. to hiss, of ser-
pents (h. sem hoggormr).
hvassa, hvassing, f. hissing.
hvonn (gen. hvannar, pi. hvannir),
f. angelica.
hvot (gen. hvatar, pi. hvatir), f.
instigation, encouragement, impulse.
hvotuftr, m. encourager, instigator.
hyggendi, f. wisdom, prudence.
hyggi-liga, adv. wisely, prudently ;
-ligr, a. wise, prudent.
hygginn, a. wise, prudent, intelli-
gent (peir er hyggnastir voru).
nygpja (hygg, hugtSa, hugtSr and
hugatSr), v. (i) to think, believe;
hugflu po mjok ser hvarir-tveggju,
they were of different opinions ; (2) to
guess; fdr hyggr pegjanda porf, few
can guess the needs of him that is
silent ; (3) to intend, purpose (soknar-
gogn pau, er hann hugdi fram at
HI? GQJA
[221]
H^EDI-YRDI
fcera) ; masla fagrt, ok fldtt h., to speak
fair and mean false ; maela hugat (af
hug6u), to speak sincerely ; (4) h. e-m
e-t, to intend a thing; for one, to have
in store for one (J)6ttist bann vita, at
honum mundi slikr kostr hugaflr) ; h.
e-m vel, to be well disposed towards
a person ; h. e-u ilia, to be ill pleased
with ; ok munu J>au vel h. (they will
be glad), er pau hafa akrinn ; (5) with
preps., h. af e-u, to leave off thinking
about, forget or drop (h. af harmi,
heimsku) ; h. af urn leitina, to give
up the search ; h. at e-u, to attend to,
mind, look at; konungr hug<3i vand-
liga at manninum, the king looked
closely at the man ; h. a" e-t, to think
of(\i. & flotta) ; ef harm a" grid hygSi,
if he thought of any breach of faith ;
h. fyrir e-u, to look to, take heed to
(hygg nu sva fyrir hag bmum) ; h. til
e-s, to look forward to with pleasure,
&c. (hversu hyggr pu til at deyja ? gott
hygg ek til bana mins) ; h. um e-t, to
think about a thing ; h. um me5 e-m,
to deliberate with one about a thing;
(6) refl., hyggjast, to think ; hyggst JDU
betr g0ra munu ? think st thou thou
canst do it better? h. fyrir, to hesitate ;
hyggst vaetr hvatr fyrir, a valiant man
flinches for nought.
hyggja, f thought, mind, opinion.
hyggjandi, f. = hyggendi.
hyggju-leysi, n. thoughtlessness.
hyggnast (at5), v., h. af e-m, to gain
knowledge from one.
hylda (-Ida, -Idr), v. (i) to cut up
(takit per Hogna ok hyldit me5 knifi) ;
h. hval, to flense a whale; (2) refl.,
hyldast, to grow fat, get flesh.
hyldr, yp. fleshy.
hylja (hyl, hulda, huliftr and
huldr), v. to hide, cover (hann huldi
hofu6 sitt) ; fara huldu hofdi, to go
' with the head covered ', in disguise,
by stealth.
hyljan, f. hiding, covering.
hylla (-ta, -tr), v., h. sik e-m, to court
a person's friendship, make friends
with ; h. fyrir e-m, to recommend one ;
refl., hyllast e-n = hylla sik e-m ; h.
e-n at, to pay homage to.
hylli, {.favour, grace (hafa gu6s h.).
hylma (-da, -dr), v., h. yfir e-u, to
hide, conceal (barf ekki lengr yfir
>essu at h.).
hylming, f. concealment.
hylr (-jar, -ir), m. deep place, pool,
in a river (i hylnum undir fossinum).
hyrna, {.point of an axe-head.
hyrndr, a. (i) horned (hyrnd kyr) ;
(2) angular (J>rf-, fer-, att-hyrndr).
hyrning (pi. -ar), f. corner, nook (of
a house or room).
hyrningr, m. (i) a horned man (a
bishop wearing a mitre) ; (2) angle
(>ri-hyrningr, triangle].
hyrr (gen. hyrjar), m.Jire (poet.).
hyski, n. = hyski.
hybyla-, gen. pi. from hybyli ; -b6t,n.
bettering of one's homestead', -brestr,
m. home loss ; -hcettir, m. pi. home
affairs, home manners ; -pruftr, a.
keeping a hospitable house (A. var
-prufir ok gleSimaQr mikill) ; -skomin,
f. disgrace to the home.
hy-byli, n. pi. (i) home, homestead,
house (i annarra manna hybylum) ;
(2) household.
hyt$a (-dda, -ddr), v. to flog (^ berja
hu5 af e-m).
hycSing, {-flcgg;ng(=* huSstroka).
Hynir, m. pi. = Hunar.
\x&-T&tt 9 {.ntghtoJ anxious ivaiting($\
hynskr, a. Hunnish.
hyrast (S), v. refl. to be gladdened,
brighten up (hyrSist hann skjott i
vi5brag5i).
hyr-liga, adv. cheerily, with a
smiling face (lita -liga til e-s) ; -ligr,
2i. friendly, smiling.
hyrr, a. smiling, pleasant, mild,
friendly (h. i vi3brag5i).
hysa (-ta, -tr), v. to house, harbour.
hyski, n. household, family.
hsetS, f. (i) height; hann hljop meirr
en h. sina, he could leap more than
his own height ; (2) height, eminence,
hill (gengu f>eir upp h. nbkkura).
hsetSa (-dda, -ddr), \.to scoff at, mock
(h. e-n or h. at e-m).
hsetSi-liga, adv. mockingly, scorn-
fully (tala -liga til e-s) ; -ligr, a. (i)
derisive, disgraceful ; (2) contemptible.
hseSinn, a., fond of mocking.
i, n. pi. taunts, gibes.
[222]
HCEFINN
i, f. mocking, mockery.
hcefr, &. fit, proper; engu }\., good for
nothing, useless, worthless.
haeki-liga, adv. vehemently.
hasl-bein, n. heel bone ; -bitr, m.
heel-biter; -dreginn, pp. dragging
the heels in walking; -drep, n. blow
on the heel.
haeli, n. shelter, refuge ; leita se'r
haslis, to seek for shelter.
hsel-krokr, m. ' heel-crook ', catch
with the heel (a trick in wrestling).
hfflll (-s, -ar), m. heel; hlaupa (fara,
ganga) d. haela e-m, to follow at one's
heels ; hur5 fellr (lykst) d haela e-m,
the door shuts (closes] upon one's
heels ; fara aptr a" haeli, to return im-
mediately ; hopa (fara) a" hael fyrir e-m,
to retreat, recede before one.
hfflll (-s, -ar), m. (i) peg, pin; (2)
handle in a scythe-shaft (orf-haell).
hsell, m. a widow whose husband
has been slain in battle.
hael-siSr, a. reaching down to the
heels (-si'dr kyrtill).
hsengr, m. male salmon.
haera, f. hoariness, grey hair (skegg
hvftt af haeru) ; fa elli ok haeru, to live
to a hoary old age ; esp. in pi., grar
(hvitr) fyrir (or af) hserum, white with
grey hair.
haertSr, a. haired; h. vel, having fine
hair; h. mjok, having much hair.
haBringr, m. hoary (old] man.
hseru-karl, m. = haeringr ; -kollr,
m. hoary head, a nickname ; -langr,
a. having long grey hair ; -skeggi, m.
hoary beard ; -skotinn, pp. grizzled.
hsetta (-tta, -tt), v. to leave off, with
dat. (h. heyverkum) ; with infin. to
cease (h. at tala).
hastta (-tta, -tt), v. to risk, venture,
stake, with dat. ( L. vildi eigi ut h. sinum
monnum) ; h. til pess virSing binni,
to stake thy honour on it; impers.,
litlu haettir nu til, there is but small
risk ; absol., hefir s er haettir, he wins
who risks, 'nothing venture nothing
have* ; h. til e-s, to risk a thing (vil
ek heldr til J)ess h. en hitt spyrist a
6'nnur lond) ; h. a e-t, to risk (kvadust
d ba6 mundu h. at berjast) ; to venture
upon, to trust to (h. a" miskunn e-s) ; h.
e-u undir e-n, to depend on one for a
thing.
haBtta, f. danger, peril; eiga mikit i
haettu, to run a great risk ; leggja e-t
i haettu, to expose to risk or danger
(leggja sik, lif sitt, f6 sitt, i haettu) ;
leggja d ba. hasttu, to run the risk.
haetting, f. danger, risk.
haettingar-ferS, f. dangerous jour-
ney (= haettu-ferS).
haatt-leggja (see leggja), v. to risk ;
-liga, adv. dangerously ; -ligr, a. dan-
gerous ; kolluSu -ligan matt hans, they
said that he was sinking fast.
haattr, a. (i) dangerous (slikr ma6r
er haettastr, ef ) ; (2) dangerously ill
(vera, liggja, h.) ; (3) exposed to dan-
ger; ekki h. fyrir vapnum, proof
against weapons ; (4) e-m er haett vid
e-u, one is in danger of; var f>uri5i
v55 engu meini haett, Thurid was out
of danger.
h.8attu-ferc5, -for, f. dangerous jour-
ney ; -lauss, a. free from danger,
without danger ; -litill, a. little dan-
gerous ; -mikill, a. very dangerous ;
-rat$, n. dangerous plan.
hoefa (-(Sa, -(5r), v. (i) to hit, with
ace. (beir hoefa aldri dyr) ; hann hoefdi
allt J>at, er hann skaut til, he never
missed his mark ; h. til, to aim ; sva~
hafdi smidrinn til hceft, so well had
he aimed; (2) to fit, with dat. (hcefflu
Kjartani bau klasSi allvel); (3) to
behove, be meet (eigi hcefir at drepa
syd fagran svein) ; sva hoefir eigi, segir
Ulfr, that will not do, said U.;\\. e-m,
to be meet for one; (4) refl., hcefast,
to fit each other, to correspond ; spjotit
mun h. ok sar pat, the shaft and the
wound will correspond ; \\.&,to agree
in time, coincide.
b-cefi, n. (i) fitness; vera vi5 e-s h.,
to fit one, be suitable, convenient '( H rutr
fekk ser nu konu ba, er honum J)6tti
vi5 sitt h.) ; (2) skjota til hoefis, to
shoot at a mark.
hcefi-latr, a. moderate ; -liga, adv.
fitly ; -ligr, a._/?/, due.
hoefindi, n. pi. what fits, behoves.
}\cefmg,i.aimmg; g0rah., to take aim.
hoefinn, a. aiming well, good at hit-
ting the mark.
HCEFNI
[223]
HOFUD
hoefni, f. good marksmanship (Ein-
dri6i lofaQi hoefni konungs).
hoegindi, n. pi. (l) relief (for the sick
and poor) ; (2) comforts ; sniiast til
hceginda, to turn to advantage, for
the better ; (3) in sing., bolster, pillow,
cushion (undir hcegindit i hvilunni).
hcegja (-(5a, -t$r), v. (i) to abate,
with dat. ; h. ra"s sinni, to slacken one's
course ; (2) to relieve, seek relief for
one (var peim hoegt i 6'llu sem matti) ;
(3) refl., hoegjast, to abate (sjor tok
at h.) ; to get smoother (kann vera at
hoegist ra"5it); impers., eptir allt petta
hoeg6ist Froda litit, F. became more
at ease.
hceg-liga, adv. with ease, gently ;
-ligr, a. easy, convenient ; -lifi, n. easy
or comfortable life.
hcegr (ace. -jan and -an), a. easy,
convenient; ykkr er pat hcegst um
hond, it is most at hand for you ; h.
byrr, a gentle, fair 'wind ; ekki var
samlag peirra hcegt, they were not on
good terms ; h. e-m or vid e-n, gentle
towards one.
hcegri, a. compar. (from hoegr),
right; til h. handar, til hcegra vegs,
on the right hand, to the right.
hcekil-bjugr, a. bowed in the knees.
hcekja, f. crutch.
hcela (-da, -t), v. f (i) to praise, with
dat. (hann hosldi Ulfari mjok) ; (2) to
boast 0/"(sverSi hcelir pu par, en eigi
sigri); (3) refl.,hcelast, to boast, vaunt;
h. e-u (af e-u, um e-t), to boast of; h.
vi6 e-n, to boast over one.
hcelinn, a. given to boasting.
hoelni, f. boasting, bragging.
hoena, f. hen (hani ok hcena).
hoens, hcensn, n. pi. hens, fowls.
hceta (-tta, -tt), v. to threaten ; h.
e-m e-u, to threaten one with a thing
(hcetti honum dauda).
hoeting (pi. -ar), f. threatening.
hcetinn, a. given to threatening.
hoeverska, f. courtesy, good manners.
hoeversk-liga,adv. politely, fashion-
ably(-\\<gz. klaedd) ; -ligr, a. = hceverskr.
hoeverskr, a. well-mannered, polite.
hocoiu-kics n. female kid, young she-
goat (cf. 'hnSna').
hoftSa (atS), v. (i) to cut the head off
(h. fisk), to behead; (2) h. mal (sok) i
hond (d hendr) e-m, to bring an action
against one.
hdf SatSr, pp. headed (h. sem hundr ;
cf. tvf-, pri-hofdadr).
hoftSa-fj61, f. head-board of a bed-
stead ; -hlutr, m. = hofudhlutr ; -lag,
n. bed's head ; -skip, n. a ship with
an ornamental prow ; -tal, n. ' tale of
heads', number of persons y etc.
hof cSi, m. headland.
hoftSingi (pi. -jar), m. (i) chief,
leader; h. peirrar ra6ag0rSar, at the
head of that plan ; ( 2 ) captain, com-
mander (K. var h. yfir peim her) ; (3)
chief, ruler, esp. in pi., men of rank
or authority (hofdingjar ok goSir
menn ; hann g0rSist pa h. mikill).
hof (Singja-, gen. from * hofdingi ' ;
-ast, f. love for one's chief; -bragS,
n. the bearing of a cfa'ef(ha.fa. -brag5
i. s6r); -djarfr, a. frank and bold in
one 's intercourse with the great; -efni,
n. a hopeful man for a chief ( L. potti
bezt -efni austr par) ; -fundr, m. meet-
ing of chiefs ; -hlutr, m. a chief's lot
or share ; -ksBrr, a. in favour with
the great; -lauss, a. chief less; -merki,
n. chiefs standard ; -nafh, n. chiefs
title ; -skipti, n. change of rulers ;
-son, m. son of a chief; -stefna,
f. = -fundr ; -styrkr, m. support of
great folk ; -sett, f . noble extraction,
high birth.
hof Sing-liga, adv. nobly, generous-
ly ; -ligr, a. princely, noble ; -skapr,
m. (i) power, dominion ; (2) authority,
prestige ; (3) liberality, generosity.
hofga (ac5), v. to make heavy ; impers.,
e-m (or e-nj hofgar, one becomes heavy
with sleep.
ho'fga-vara, f. heavy wares.
hofgi, m. (l) heaviness, weight; (2)
sleep, nap (rann hann h.); drow-
siness (slo a pd. hofga sv^ miklum, at
peir ma'ttu eigi voku halda).
hofn (gen. hafnar, pi. hafnir), f.
(i) haven, harboiir ; (2) foetus (a pann
hatt sem h. vex med konu) ; (3) coat,
cloak, = yfirhofn (hann tok af ser
hofnina ok sveipaSi um konunginn) ;
(4) tenure of land ( jarfiar h.).
hdfuci (dat. hdfSi ; gen pi. hot $a),
HOFTTB-A
[224]
HOFUGR
n. (i) head (hoggva h. af e-m) ; Idta
e-n hoffii skemmra, to behead one ;
strjuka aldrei um frjalst h., to be never
free, never at ease ; skera e-m h., to
make a wry face at one] heita i h.
e-m, to be called after a person ; hsetta
hoffii, to risk one's life ; leggja vi5 h.
sitt, to stake one's head ; loera e-m h.
sitt, to surrender oneself to an enemy ;
drepa nidr hof<5i, to droop the head',
f>oku hof af hof 55, the fog lifted ; stiga
yfir h. e-m, to overcome one ; hla6a
helium a6 ho!3i e-m, to leave one dead
on the spot ; ganga milli bols ok
hofuds e-s or & e-m, to hew off one's
head, to kill outright', senda e-n til
h6tu6se-m,t0sendoHe to take another's
head', leggja fe til hofuSs e-m, to set
a price on one's head', leggjast e-t
unclir h.,/0 put aside, #*/*<:/ (f.lagSist
eigi pessa ferd undir h.) ; vera hofSi
hcerri, to be taller by a head ; (2) head,
chief (h. lendra manna); fcrandheimr
hefir lengi veri<3 kallaSr h. Noregs,
the chief district of Norway ; (3)
ornamental prow of a ship (skip med
gyltum hofflum) ; ornamental head on
a bridle (slitnaSi sundr beizlit, ok
tyndist h., er d. var).
hofu(5-a, f. chief river; -arr, m.
archangel ; -att, f. cardinal point ;
-batSmr, m. the ' head stem ', agnate
lineage ; -band, n. head-band, snood,
fillet ; -bani, m. death, destruction ;
bein, n. pi. head-bones ; -benda, f.
(i) naut. stay, shroud; (2) fig. stay,
support ; -blot, n. chief sacrifice ;
-borg, f. head town, capital ; -bol, n.
chief estate, manorial estate ; -brot,
n. great damage, ruin ; -burtSr, m.
* bearing of the head', fig. honour,
credit, prestige ; e-m er litill -burdr at
e-u, it does him little honour (credit} ;
-beer, m. = -bol ; -dukr, m. head-
kerchief, hood; -fatSir, m. protector,
patron ; -firn, n. pi. great scandal;
-gersemi, f. great jewel ; -gjarnt, a.
\\.fatal, dangerous to one's life ; -gjof,
f. capital gift ; -gocS, n. principal god ;
-g89fa, f. great luck ; -hati<5. f. prin-
cipal feast ; -hetja, {.great champion,
chief; -hlutr, m. the upper part of
the body, opp. to * f6tahlutr ' ; -hof, n.
chief temple ; -isar, m. \>\. great masses
of ice, ice-banks ; -kempa, f. = -hetja ;
-kennimatSr, m. great clerk, eccle-
siastic ; -kirkja, f. high-church, cathe-
dral; -klerkr, m. great clerk or
scholar; -konungr, m. sovereign
king ; -lausn, f. ' head-ransom ' (the
name of three old poems) ; -lauss, a.
( I ) headless, without a head ; ( 2) with-
out a leader (-lauss herr); -lecSr, n.
head-piece of a bridle ; -laknir, m.
chief physician ; -Idatr, m. cardinal
sin ; -matSr, m. head-man, chief;
-mein, n. sore (boil] on the head;
-meistari, m. head-master; -merki,
n. (i) chief mark, characteristic; (2)
chief standard; -mikill, a. big-
headed ; -nmndr, m. ransom ; -nau(5-
syn, f. great need ; -ni&jar, m. pi.
head-kinsmen, agnates ; -orar, m.
pi. delirium ; -raft, n. chief council ;
-raftgjafi, m. chief adviser ; -sar, n.
wound in the head.
hofu(5s-banJ, m. = hofuSbani.
hofut5-skald,n.^;'^//0.?/ ; -skepna,
f. prime element ; -skutilsveinn, m.
head-cupbearer; -skomm, f. great
shame, scandal ; -skorungr, m. great
and noble person.
hofuSs-matSr, m. head-man, leader,
chief (v^i. til fallinn at vera -ma<3r).
hofuS-smatt, f. the opening for the
head (in a shirt or smock-frock) ;
-smi<5r, m. chief builder ; -staftr, m.
capital, chief place ; -steypa, f. tum-
bling on the head (fara -steypu) ; -svi-
(5a, f. singed sheep's head; -svortSr,
m. head-skin, scalp ; standayfir -svorS-
um e-s, to have an enemy's head in
one's power ; -synd, f. cardinal sin ;
-saBti, n. chief seat', -tunga,f. chief lan-
guage ; -vapn, n. principal weapon \
-veizla, f. chief banquet ; -v61, f. chief
device ; -verkr, m. headache ; -vim*,
m. bosom friend ; -vor (5r, m. body-
guard; -ping, n. chief meeting;
-pvattr, m. head-washing; -astt, f.=
-dtt ; -oerr, a. insane ; -cersl, n. pi.,
-cerslur, f. pi. = -orar.
hofug-leikr, m. heaviness.
hdfugr, a. (i) heavy (h. steinn) ; (2)
heavy with sleep, drowsy ; e-m er
hofugt, one is sleepy.
HOFUNDR
[225]
HOND
hofundr (-ar, -ar), m. (i) author,
originator ; (2) judge (rate).
hogg (dat. hdggvi), n. (i) stroke,
blow; Ijosta h. a" dyrr, to knock at
the door ; skamma stund ver5r bond
hbggvi fegin, only a short ivhile is
the hand fain of the blow ; eigi fellr
trd vi6 hit fyrsta h., no tree falls at
the first stroke ; (2) beheading, execu-
tion (leiQa e-n til hoggs) ; (3) fig.
g<Tp, breach (kom f>a" fljott h. i licat).
hogg-fceri, n. the being within
sword's reach ; standa i -fceri (vid e-n),
to stand within stroke of sword ; -jarn,
n. * hewing iron ', chopper ; -ormr, m.
viper; -orrosta, f. close fight \ -ro, f.
clinch on a sword's hilt (cf. ' hugr6 ') ;
-rum, n. room to use a sword ; -sax,
n. a kind of cutlass ; -spjot, a kind of
halberd; -statSr, m. place for a blow
(leita -sta6ar e-m) ; -stokkr, m.
chopping-block.
hoggu-nott, f. = hokunott.
hoggva (bpgg; hjo, hjoggum or
hjuggum ; hoggvinn and hogginn),
v. (i) to strike, smite (with a sharp
weapon) ; h0ggr sa, er hlifa skyldi, he
strikes who ought to shield; h. svercii
(or me5 sverfiij, to strike with a
sword; h. e-n bana-hogg, to give one
his deathblow ; (2) to cut down, de-
stroy (f>eir hjoggu drekann mjb'k) ; (3)
to put to death, behead (sums, let hann
hengja e6a h.) ; to kill, slaughter (h.
hest, bufe, kyr, naut) ; (4) to fell trees
(hann hefir hb'ggvit i skogi minum) ;
(5) to strike, bite (of a snake, boar) ;
ormrinn hjo hann til bana, the snake
struck him dead; (6) with preps., h.
e-t af, to hew or cut off(h. af kampa
ok skegg) ; h. af fe, to kill (slaughter]
cattle ; h. e-t af se'r, to ward off; h.
eptir e-m, to cut at one, h. til e-s
(hjo eptir honum mefl sverfli) ; h. i
hofu6 e-m, to give one a blow on the
head; h. e-t ni5r, to cut down (var
merki hans nidr hoggvit) ; to kill,
butcher (I. hefir a<5r nidr hoggvit brcedr
sina tvaj ; h. e-t or, to cut out; fig.
to make even, smooth (lata konung ok
erkibiskup or h. slikar greinir) ; h. e-t i
sundr, to hew asunder ; h. til e-s, to
Strike (cut] at one, = h. eptir e-m ; h.
JCEL, DICT.
upp tre", to cut down a tree ; h. upp
skip, to break a ship up; (7) refl. to
be cut, hacked (hjost skjoldr Helga) ;
{)6tti honum nu taka mjok um at
hoggvast, things looked hard ; reci pr.,
to exchange blows, fight '(>eir hjuggust
nokkura stund).
hoggvandi, m. (i) hewer, smiter;
(2) headsman, executioner.
hogg-vapn, n. l cutting weapon',
sword or axe (opp. to ' lagva"pn ').
hoggva-skipti, -vicSskipti, n. pi.
exchange of blows.
hogg-0x, f. l hewing-axe\ hatchet.
hogld (pi. hagldir), f. a kind of
buckle (shaped like oo), used to run
a rope through with which hay is
trussed (bregda reipum i hagldir).
hoku-, gen. from ' haka ' ; -bein, n.
chin bone (hokubeinit ok hakan) ;
-langr, a. having a long chin.
hokul-broekr, f. pi. ' cloak-breeches *
(exact meaning doubtful).
hokull (dat. liokli), m. pries fs cope,
chasuble.
hokul-skuatSr, pp. 'cloak-shod' (?).
hoku-mikill, a. having a large
chin (hcilslangr ok h.).
hoku-nott, f. midwinter-night.
hoku-skegg, n. beard on the chin.
hold-borinn, pp. born of a * holdr ',
enjoying a hold's right, free-born.
holdr, m. (i) a kind of higher yeo-
man; (2) in poetry, man; hoidasynir,
sons of men.
holkn, n. a rough, stony field.
holl (gen. hallar, pi. hallir), f. large
house, hall (esp. of a king or earl).
h01zti, adv. = helzti.
horn (gen. hamar), f. ham or haunch
(of a horse).
homlu-, gen. from * ham la ' ; -band,
n. oar-strap, oar-grummet.
bond (gen. handar, dat. hendi ; pi.
hendrj, f. (i) hand; taka hendi
e-u, to touch with the hand; hafa e-t
i hendi, to hold in the hand; drepa
hendi vi3 e-u, to refuse ; halda hendi
yfir e-m, to protect one; laka e-n
hondum, to seize, capture ; bera hond
fyrir hofud ser, to defend oneself; eiga
hendr sinar at verja, to act in self-
defence ; lta e-t hendi firr, to let go
Q
HOND
[226]
HOTTR
out of one's hands, to lose ; taka i h.
e-m, to join hands with one ; eiga e-t
jofnum hondum, to own in equal
shares ; sverja ser af hendi, to for-
swear', af hendi e-s, on one's behalf,
on the part 0/"(af hendi landsmanna) ;
at hendi, as adv. in turn ; hverr at
hendi, each in turn ; felast a" hendi
e-m, to be under one's protection ;
hvat er bdr a hondum, what hast
thou in hand?; ef honum vasri ekki
a hondum, if he had nothing in hand,
if his hands were free ; eiga e-t fyrir
hendi (hondum), to have in hand
(duty, business, engagement) ; vera i
hendi, to be at hand, at one's disposal ;
hafa vel (ilia) i hondum, to behave
well (badly] ; hafa e-t mefl hondum,
to have in hand, manage, discharge ;
hljota e-t undan hendi e-s, from one,
at one' s hand ', h., a" hendr, against
(lysa vigi h. e-m) ; snua vanda a"
hendr e-m, to throw the responsibility
on one ; foerast e-t a" hendr, to under-
take', ganga (drifa) a" h. e-m, to submit
to one ; bjargast d sinar hendr, by
one's own handiwork ; selja, gefa, fa"
e-t i hond (hendr) e-m, to give into^
one's hands, hand over-, bua e-t i
hendr e-m, to make it ready for one ;
kalla til e-s i hendr e-m, to lay claim
to a thing at the hands of another;
pa" somu nott, er for i h., the following
night; ve6r ox i h., the wind rose
higher and higher ; vera hoegt um h.,
to be easy in hand; til handa e-m,
into one's hands ; ganga til handa
e-m, to put oneself in another's hands,
submit to him ; ef bat berr be"r til
handa, if it befalls thee ; bd skomm
kys ek me'r eigi til handa, / will not
have that shame at my door ; bi6ja
konu til handa e-m, on one's behalf,
for him ; ( 2) the arm and hand, the
arm (hondin gekk af axlarliSnum ;
hann hefir a" hoegri hendi hring fyrir
ofan olnboga) ; var eigi djupara en
beim tok undir hendr, the water just
reached to their armpits ; (3) hand,
side ; hoegri (vinstri) h., on the right
(left) hand, side ; & hvaia h., on either
hand; minnar (yfivarrar) handar, for
*ny (your) part ; (4) kind, sort ; allra
landa drgcezka, great abundance of
all things.
hdndla (ac5), v. (i) to seize, capture
'h. glcepamann) ; (2) to treat ; h. e-n
lla, to treat one ill.
honk (gen. hankar, pi. henkr), f.
hank, coil, loop, ring; sterkar henkr,
strong clasps.
hori'a (aft), v. to retire, withdraw
(h. undan) ; h. fyrir e-m, to give way
before one.
hor-gefn, f. poet, woman.
hdrgr (-s, -ar), m. heathen place of
worship, cairn or altar of stone (horg
hann mer g0r8i hlaSinn steinum).
hor-hnoSa, n. clew of flax.
horkla (a<5), v. to hobble, walk with
difficulty (bat lid tekr at dasast ok
horklar af heioMnni ofan).
horkull, m. noise, din.
hdrmugr, a. afflicted, sorrowful.
h6rmu-liga, adv. sadly ; -ligr, a.
sad, distressing (-lig tifiendi).
hormung, f. grief, affliction.
hormungar-laeti, -or(5, n. pi , -tala,
f . lamentations.
horpu-, gen. from 'harpa'; -leikr,
m. playing on a harp ; -skel, f. ''harp-
shell ', scallop ; -slagari, -slagi, m.
harper; -slagr, -slattr, m. striking
the harp ; -stokkr, m. harp-case ;
-strengr, m. harp-string.
horr (dat. horvi and hor), m. flax,
linen (af hor efla hampi) ; dukr hvitr
af horvi, a cloth of white linen.
h6r-skryddr, pp. clad in linen.
horund, n. and f. (i) human flesh,
= hold (milli skinns ok horunds) ;
(2) skin, complexion ; svartr a" har ok
h., black in hair and skin.
hdrundar-litr, m. colour of flesh
(Hel er bla" hdlf, en half med -lit).
horunds-litr, m. = horundarlitr ;
-Ijoss, a. of bright complexion.
hos-magi, m. a sheep with a grey,
dusky belly ; -mogottr, a. grey on the
belly (hriitr h. at lit).
boss (ace. hosvan), a. grey, of a
wolf (ulfr hinn hosvi).
hdsvaat (atS), v. refl. to approach
one wrathfully (h. at e-m).
hottr (gen. hattar, dat. hetti; pi.
hettir, ace. hottu), m. hood.
IDA
[227J
ILLR
ifta, f. eddy, -whirlpool.
i(5-gjold, n. recompense, reward',
-gnogr, a. over-abundant', -gnott, f.
great abundance.
iftinn, a diligent, assiduous.
iftja (aft), v. to do, perform.
itSja, f. activity, doing, business.
iftja-groenn, a. ever-green.
iftj u - gen. from ' iflja ' ; -fullr, a.
hard-working ; -lauss, a. *V/fe ; -ley si,
n. idleness ; -maftr, m. hard-working
man ; -samr, a. industrious.
iftka (a(5), v. /<? perform, cultivate.
ift-lika, adv. exactly alike (e-m).
i(5n (pi. -ir), f. occupation, business.
itSna (aft), v. (i) /# do, perform, =
idja ; (2) /0 w0r> ^/ (a thing).
iftnar-, gen. from * i3n ' ; -ma(5r, m.
= i6juma6r.
itSr, n. pi. bowels, entrails.
iftra (atS), v. to make one repent (eigi
i<5ra mik mmar g0r6ir) ; impers., e-n
i5rar e-s or eptir e-t, and refl., i5rast
e-s , to repent of.
iftran, f. repentance.
itSranar-fullr, -fuss, a. repentant,
Penitent ; -lauss, a. unrepentant ;
-mark, n. mark of repentance.
iftrandi (pi. -endr), m. repentant.
iftrar, f. pi. (l) bowels, entrails = \
(2) repentance.
iftri, a. compar., see ' innri '.
i(5ug-liga, -ligr, = iQu-liga, -ligr.
i(5u-kast, n. whirling eddy, = i5a.
i^u-liga, adv. frequently ; -ligr, a.
frequent, continuous.
iftur-liga, -ligr, = i5u-liga, -ligr.
if, ifa, ifan, see ' ef , efa, efan.'
il (pi. iljar), f. sole of the foot.
il-band, n. strap under the foot.
ilbanda-broekr, f. pi. breeches or
trousers with ' il-bond '.
ilia (Lompar. verr, superl. verst),
adv. badly, ill; lika i., to dislike.
ill-brag<5, n., -brigfti, n. bad trick ;
-byli, n. wretched home ; -deildir,
f. pi. hostilities, quarrels', -dyri, n.
noxious animal.
illendi, n. pi. (i) spite (til aleitni ok
illenda) ; (2) gangrene (pat sar greri
ilia, svd at blastr hljop ok illendi i).
ill-felli, n. mishap ; -fengr, a. ill-
natured; -ferli, n. pi. /// doings, evil
ways; -fuss, a. ill-willed; -fygli, n.
noxious birds; fystr, pp. bent on
evil; -geta, f. imputation ; -girnd, f.,
-girni, f. ill-will, ill-nature, malice ;
-gjarn, a. ill- willed 1 , ill-natured,
malicious; -gjarnligr, a. ill-natured,
spiteful; -gresi, n, ' e vil grass ', weeds,
tares ; -grunaftr, pp. suspected of evil
(um e-3) ; -gaeti, n. ill fare ; -g0rfc,
f. evil doing, misdeed.
illg0r(5a-flokkr, m. gang of evil-
doers; -ma$r, m. evil-doer; -samr,
a. evil-doing.
ill-hreysingr, m. savage, miscreant;
-hveli, n. evil (noxious) whale.
illi-liga, adv. hideously ; -ligr, a.
ill-looking, hideous (-lig gaulan).
ill-kvikendi, -kykvendi, n. noxious
beast ; -kyndugr, a. crafty, wily, cun-
ning ; -kyngi, f. wiliness ; -leikni, f.
ill-treatment (g0ra e-m -leikni).
ill-lifna(5ar-mat$r, m. a man of an
ill life (-maSr um kvennafar).
ill-lifnaSr, m., -lifi, n. wicked life ;
-lifr, a. wicked ; -lyndi, n. evil tem-
per, ill-nature ; -lasti, n. pi. hideous
grimaces ; -mannliga, adv. wickedly,
cruelly ; -mannligr, a. inhumane,
cruel, wicked; -malugr, a. foul-
mouthed, slanderous ; -ir enni, n.
wicked \cruel) man ; -mennska, f.
wickedness, cruelty ; -maBla (-ta, -tr),
v. to talk evil of, slander, with ace. or
dat. ; -maelgi, f., -mseli, n. slander,
calumny, libel', -or(5r, a. slanderous^
abusive.
illr (compar. verri, superl. veratr),
a. (i) ill, evil, b^id; illr ma6r, a bad
man ; ill rad, evil counsel ; ilium huga,
with evil intent; illu feginn ver pii
aldregi, never rejoice at evil; illar
alogur, evil, oppressive burdens ; (2)
hard, difficult, with gen.; illr vidr-
ILL-RABR
[228]
INNAW-LANDS
eignar, ill to deal with ; (3) close,
mean, stingy (illr af mat).
ill-rdtSr, a., -ratSugr, a. wicked \
-raefti, n. evil deed, crime.
illra9(5is-maSr, m. evil-doer.
ill-sakar, f. pi , troSa -sakar vi3 e-n,
to have it out with one.
illska, f. wickedness, cruelty.
illskast (aft), v. refl. to wax wroth
and furious.
ill-skai, in. the less of two evils.
illsku-fullr, a. full of wickedness ;
-kraplr, m. wicked power ; -ma^r,
m. wicked (cruel] man ; -pra, f. in-
clination to mischief or evil.
ill-spdr, f. pi. evil prophecy, croak-
ings-, -svipligr, a. ill-looking', -uc$,
f. ill-nature ; -uftigr, a. ill-natured,
evil-boding', -utSligr, a. ill-looking,
grim ; -verk, n. evil deed ; -viSri,
n. bad weather.
illviSris-bakki, m., -klakkar, m.
\A.. foul-weather clouds.
ill-vili, m. ill-will, hostility ; -vilja,
a. indecl., -viljacSr, a. ill-willed, evil-
minded.
illvilja-ma<5r, m. ill-wisher.
ill-virki (pi. -virkjar), m. evil-doer,
criminal ; -virki, n. evil doing, crime,
robbery, ravage ; -vfflrt. a. n., illvasrt
var uti, one could hardly stay out-of-
doors ; -yr(5a (-t$a, -ftr), v. to speak
ill to, abuse ; -yrtSi, n. pi. abusive
language ; -yrmi, n. noxious worms,
-vermin ; -yftgi, f. = -u6 ; -praeli, n.
wretched thrall', -pyfti, n. rabble, gang
of thieves and robbers.
mpySis-folk, n. = illpySi ; -macSr,
m. = illvirki (m.).
ilma (-di, -t), v. (i) to smell sweet ;
ilmandi, sweet-smelling', (2) to scent,
perceive by smell (pefja ok ilma).
ilmr, m. sweet smell, scent.
imbru-dagar, m. pi. Ember-days.
imbrudaga-vika, f. Ember-week.
imbru-dcegr, n. pi. = -dagar.
in, temp, adv., pleonast. before a
compar., helt-a in lengr rumi, he kept
not his place longer, he ran away ;
mann in harSara = harSara mann, a
hardier man ; nema pu in snotrari
ser, unless thou art wiser ; ne in heldr,
neither ; ne bests in heldr, nor of his
horse either', eigi in heldr aetla ek pat,
neither do I think that.
inn (compar. innarr, superl. innst),
adv. (i) in, into ; ganga inn \ buSina,
to go into the booth ; ganga inn, to go
in-doors (Njall gekk ymist ut e6a inn);
kasta e-m (setja e-n) inn, to cast into
prison ; var par glaumr mikill inn (in
the house] at heyra ; inn eptir fir6i,
inwards along the firth ; (2) denoting
the situation of a place, = inni (var5
Halfdan braddauSr inn i fr^ndheimi) ;
(3) innarr, more inward, farther in ;
innst, most inward, farthest in.
inn (in, it), def. art. the = hinn (hin,
hit).
inna (-ta, -tr), v. (i) to perform (i.
iprott); hafSi hann pa af hendi innt
alia sastt sina, he had then fulfilled all
the terms of his atonement ; (2) to
Pay, discharge (i. gjald af hendi) ;
hvat a*ttu mer illt at i., what evil hast
thou to repay me? (3) to relate, tell
(i. sin vandrasSi) ; innti orSstafi at
eldi Ijosum, she read out the letters by
the light of the fire', (4) i. til e-s, to
allude to, me?ition, speak of (pa* skatta,
sem nu mun ek til i.) ; i. upp, to sum
up, expound (i. upp allan malavoxt);
(5) refl., innast til um e-t, to discuss ;
inntust peir til um kaupakosti. they
aiscussed the bargain ; innast or6 vi6,
to exchange words.
innan, sdv. (i) from within, from
an inner part (reru peir innan i moti
peim); lassti hon loptinu i., she locked
the door from the inside', (2) inter-
nally, within ; gengu peir um kirkjuna
i., all round the inside of the church ;
rak pa siSan um haf i., all about tJie
sea ; fyrir i., prep, with ace. inside of,
within ; fyrir i. stokk, in-doors ; (3)
prep, with gen. within ; i. litils tima,
within a short time, presently ; esp.
in a great many adverbial compds.
innan-borfs, adv. on board', -borg-
ar, adv. within the town ; -butSar,
adv. within the booth ; -bsBJar, adv.
within town ; -gengt, a. n. accessible
from within (-gengt var i fjosit) ;
-huss, adv. indoors, within the house ;
-lands, adv. within the land, at
home.
[229]
innanlands-hofSingi, m. native
chief; -menn, m. pi. natives.
innan-mein, n. internal complaint ;
-rifja, adv. within the ribs, inwardly ;
-sott, f. = -mein ; -vatr, a. wet within ;
hafa -vatt, to have the sea washing
orer ; f>eir fengu mjok -vatt, they had
a wet passage ; -verftr, a. inward,
interior; f -ver5ri buSinni, in the
inner (inmost] part of the booth.
innar-liga, adv. far inward.
innarr, adv. compar., see ' inn '.
innarst, adv. superl. farthest in, at
the further end, innst, see ' inn '.
inn-bla-str, m. inspiration ; -borg,
f. the inner castle, keep ; -byrcSis, adv.
on board\ -daeli, n. ease, comfort',
-das 1, a. quite easy ; -eygr, a. in-eyed,
hollow-eyed-, -firtSingr (-s, -ar), m.
a m.infrom the inner part of a fjord ';
-ganga, {.entrance; beiSa e-n -gb'ngu,
to ask one to be let in ; -gangr, m.
(i) = inn-ganga ; (2) beginning (fostu
-gangr) ; -gjald, n. paying in, opp.
to ' utgjald ', outlay ; -groptr, m. en-
graving (on a seal).
inngongu-leyfi, n. leave to enter.
inn-hallt, adv. in towards land;
sigla -hallara, to stand nearer the
shore ; -hlutr, m. inner part ; -hysa
(-ta, -tr), v. to house, harbour ; -hys-
ingr, (-8, -ar), m. lodger; -hysis,
adv. = innanhuss.
inni, adv. in-doors ; uti ok i., out-
doors and in-doors ; brenna e-n i., to
burn one to death in his house ; hafa
bo5 i., to hold a (wedding-} feast at
one's home.
inni, n. abode, house, home ; nd smu
i., to get home.
inni-hus, n. dwelling-house ; -hofn,
f. harbouring, housing; -liga, adv.
exactly, minutely (segja -liga fra e-u) ;
-vist, f . dwelling in a house.
inn-koma, -kvdma, f. coming in,
arrival; -kvaemt, a. n., er engum
manni -kvasmt, no one is allowed to
enter; -land, n. inland; -le\S, f. (i)
coasting along, course along the shore ;
(^entrails (innleid dyraj ; -leizla, f.
introduction; -lendr, a. (i) native,
opp. to 'ut-lendr'; (2) residing in
one's country ; -lenzkr, a. indigenous;
-raptr, in. inner rafter; -reitS, f.
riding in ; -renta, f. income.
innri, a. compar. inner, inmost, in-
terior, = ifiri ; fara hit innra (iflra), to
go by the inner road.
inn-sigla (at$), v. to seal.
inn-sigli, n. seal, seal-ring.
innst, adv. superl. from ' inn '.
inn-stolpi, m. = -stopull.
innstr, a. superl. innermost.
inn-strond, f. the inner strand;
-stcetSa, f. investment ; -si opull, m.
inner pillar ; -tak, n. contents (of a
book) ; -vicSir, m. pi. ribs (of a ship).
tnn-vir^iliga, -virftuliga, adv.
closely, minutely, = einvirSuliga.
inn-yfli n. pi. entrails, bowels.
Inn-fjrasndir, m. pi. the inhabitants
of the inner part of Thrandheim.
i
i, prep. I. with dat., (i) in, within ;
fela fe sitt i jorSu, to hide one's money
in the earth ; fastir i vellinum,/^/ in
the ground; vera i sveit, to live in a
district ; \ 66rum londum, in other
lands ; (2) with local names (i Orkney-
jum, i Laxardal, i Borgarfirdi, &c.) ;
(3) in a certain spot; \ einum staS, i
l?eim (hverjum) staS, i?i one that
(every] place ; standa i hoggfceri,
within sword's reach ; (4) in, among;
i vain urn, among the slain; (5) of
clothes ; vera i, to have on, wear (hann
var \ blam slakki, \ litklasSum) ; (6)
during, in ; J)enna vetr i jolum, during
Yule; \ sumri (hausti), this summer
(autumn] ; \ fv{ bili, in that moment ;
\ J)vi er Gunnar stendr upp, at the
very moment when G. rises; (7) de-
noting action, state, condition ; vera
[230]
IS-HOGG
f for med e-m, to travel in one's com-
pany ; vera i vikingu, to be engaged
in freebooting ; i trausti e-s, in his
trust, under his protection', vera i g66u
yfirlaeti, /<? <fe in good quarters, live
well', liggja i uviti, /0 /zV in a swoon ;
vera i g65u (illu) skapi, /<? be in good
(til) humour^ (8) in respect of, in
regard to ; roskinn i orSum, mature
in words ; lettr i mail, cheerful in
speech ; i ollum mannraunum, in all
trials', (9) denoting form or content,
in ; at eigi hafi komit til Noregs meiri
g0rsemi i skikkju, such a jewel of a
cloak ; fe er i J)vi, ///<?r^ is value in it ;
Hallr kvaS g63an kost i henni, H.
said she was a good match ', hvat er i
f>vi ? ^0w is that? what is the matter?
(10) by means of, through (opt kaupir
ser i litlu lof ) ; (n) equivalent to a
gen. or possess, pron. ; hann braut
hrygg i henni, he broke her back ; hann
knytir saman alia halana i nautunum,
all the cows' tails-, II. with ace., (i)
in, into (spjotit flo niSr i vollinn) ;
leggja e-t i kistu, to put into a chest
(coffin) ; steinninnkom ihofuS honum,
the stone hit him in the head; sigla
(lata) i haf, to stand out to sea ; var
f>at sagt Gunnari inn i buSina, word
was carried into the booth to Gunnar',
giptast i onnur lond, to marry into
other countries, marry an alien ; deyja
i Maslifell, to pass into M. after death ;
f'ordr svaf ok horfSi i lopt upp, with
his face turned upwards ; (2) of time;
in, during ; i f>at mund, at that hour;
{ nott, this night ; \ vetr, this winter;
f (=um) fjorta'n vetr, for fourteen
winters ; (3) denoting entrance into
a state, condition, in, into; ganga i
bond ok ei6a, to enter into bonds and
oaths ; falla i uvit, to fall into a swoon ;
taka e-n i fri<5, to pardon one ; bj65a
buum i setu, to call on the neighbours
totake their seats; (4) denoting change
into ; skjoldrinn klofnaSi i tva hluti,
split in two ; brotna i spa"n, to be
shivered to pieces ; verja f6 sinu i lausa-
eyri, to convert one s property into
movables; (5) denoting the object,
purpose, &c. ; gjalda i sonarbcetr, to
pay as the son's vueregild ; l>iggja e-t
i vingjafir, to accept as a friends gift ;
kaupa e-t i skuld, to buy on credit;
gwra e-t i hag (vil) e-m, to do some-
thing in one's favour.
i-blar, a. bluish ; i-bldstr, m. in-
spiration ; i-bua, f. female inmate
i-bu(5, f. in-dwelling; i-byggjari, m.
inmate, inhabitant.
itS (pi. -ir), f. doing) deed (poet.).
i-endr, a. still breathing, alive, opp.
to *0r-endr'; i-fang, n. grappling
with ; i-fellt, a. n., of the wind, filling
the sails ; i-fra, prep., see ' frd, ' ; i-
ganga, f . undertaking, entering upon ;
i-gangr, m. (i) beginning; (2) wear-
ing of clothes.
igangs-klaB(5i, n. pi. wearing ap-
parel (hof6u menn -klseSi sin).
i-gildi, n. equivalent, equal (f>eir
fiykkja vera lendra manna igildi) ;
i-gjarn, a. eager for (e-s) ; i-groftra,
a. indecl. in full growth.
igull, m. sea-iirchin.
ihlutanar-mikill, -samr, a. meddle-
some, interfering.
i-hrasddr, a. a little timid-, i-huga
(atS), v. to consider, muse over ;
i-hugan, f. minding, consideration ;
i-hugi, m. minding, sytnpathy.
i-hogg, n. striking in.
ikorni, m. squirrel.
i-kynda (-da, -dr), v. to kindle ; refL,
ikyndast, to be kindled, take fire;
i-lat, n. vessel into which a thing is
put ; i-lendast (d), v. refl. to settle in
a country; i-lendr, a. settled in a
place, naturalized.
im, n. dust, ashes.
ima, f. poet, strife, fight, battle.
Irar, m. pi. Irishmen, the Irish.
irast, v. refl. to be rumoured abroad.
iri, m. rumour, gossip (rare).
Irland, n. Ireland.
irska, f. the Irish tongue.
irskr, a. Irish.
isa (at$), v. to cover with ice (iss).
isa-gangr, -KI. drifting of ice ; -lauss,
a. ice-free ; -log, n. pi. formation or
layer of ice.
isarn,n. z>wz,=ja'rn ; -kol,n.fe//0ze/.r;
-leikr, m. battle (poet.).
is-brot, n. broken ice ; -brun, f. edge
of an ice-field; -hogg, n. ice-breaking.
I-SJA
[231]
JAFN AN
1-BJa, f. attention.
is-jaki, m. ice-floe.
isja-verfcr, a. worth looking into.
i-sjon, f. aspect, appearance (f>ann
veg er himininn isjonar).
is-kaldr, a. ice-cold.
Is-land, n. Iceland.
la-lendingr (-s, -ar), m. Icelander.
is-lenzka, f. the Icelandic tongue.
is-lenzkr, a. Icelandic.
is-16g, n. pi. = isalog ; -mol, f.
ground (broken] ice\ -rek, n., -reki,
m. ice-drift.
iss (gen. fss, pi. isar), m. ice ; isa
(ace.) leggr a" votn, the lakes (rivers)
freeze over ; isa leysir, tekr af votnum,
the ice thaws, breaks up.
i-stac5 (pi. i-stoft), n. stirrup ; i-
stangan, f. instigation^ pricking \ i-
stig, n. = istad.
istr, n., istra, f. paunch-fat.
istdftu-lauss, a. weak, faint-hearted.
itala, f. proportionate share in com-
mon pasture.
itar-ligr, a. fine, glorious, lordly.
itr (ace. itran), a. glorious, excellent.
itr-borinn, ^.high-born; -hugaftr,
a. high-minded; -laukr, m. beautiful
leek or plant; -mannligr, a. of stout,
noble bearing; -skapacSr, pp. beauti-
fully shaped; -vaxinn, p p. ofbea utiful
stature ; -{>veginn, pp. clean-washed,
bright (itrpvegnir armar).
ivicS-gjarn, a. wicked, evil (rare).
ivifti, n. (Voluspa" 2)?
iviftja, {.giantess, ogress (rare).
ij>rott, f. accomplishment, feat, art,
skill (vel buinn at iJDrottum).
ijjrotta-lauss, a. unskilled; -maftr,
m. one skilled in bodily exercises.
i{>r6tt-ligr, a. skilful ; -ligr fimleikr,
dexterity in feats.
jaftarr (gen. -s, dat. jaftri, pi. jaft-
rar), m. (i) edge, border, selvage (of
cloth, of a sail, tent, &c.) ; (2) poet.
prince, lord (dsa j., folks j.).
jaftra-skegg, n. whiskers.
jafn, a. (i) even ; jofn tala, even
number; (2) equal, the same; Jnnar
(viz. ferSir) verda flestar jafnastar, thy
doings are mostly the same, all equally
bad; hann var ellefu vetra ok sterkr
at jofnum aldri, and strong for his
age; jafn e-m, equal to one; jafnt er
sem J>er synist, af er fotrinn, it is just
as it appears to thee, the leg is off;
komast til jafns viS e-n, hafa e-t til
jafns vi6 e-n, to equal one, be one's
match in a tiling; at jofnu, equally,
in equal shares.
jafn-, in compels., such a, so ... a,
equally, as ; er J)at skomm j.-morgum
monnum, /'/ is a shame for so many
men ; j.-fraegr drengr, so fine a fellow ;
j.-auSveldr, as easy.
jafna (atS), v. (i) to cut even, to trim
(mb'rum sinum mon jafnaSi); (2) to
make equal; (3) to divide in equal
shares (j. rfki me6 ser) ; (4) j. e-u til
e-s, vid e-t, to compare (liken) one
thing with (to) another ; j. e-u saman,
to compare, set off one thing against
another (var J>ci jafnat saman vigum) ;
(5) refl., jafnast vi5 e-n, jafnast e-m,
to even oneself with, call oneself a
match for, another; j. orSum vi6 e-n,
to bandy words with one.
jafna, f. level ground, plain (hann
fiySi af halsinum ofan d jofnu).
jafna(5ar-bo(5, n.fair offer; -domr,
m. fair judgement; leggjamdl til -doms,
to put a case before an umpire; -fundr,
m. a meeting on equal terms ; -gecS,
n. even temper ; -kaup, n. equal bar-
gain; -maftr, m. (i) equal match;
(2) fair (impartial] man ; -samr, a.
fair; -skipti, n.fair dealing; -{>okki,
m. mutual affection.
jafnacSr (gen.-ar),m.(l) comparison ;
(2) equal share (en pafian af hofum vit
jafnad ba5ir) ; at jafnaSi, in equal
proportions (skipta e-u at jafnaSi) ;
usually, as a rule (= meS jafnaSi) ;
(3) equity, fairness.
jafn-alidra, a. indecl. of the same
age ; -aldri, m. one of the same age
(J)eir varu mjok jafnaldrar).
jafnan, adv. constantly, always.
JAFN-BJ6DA
[232]
JARB-KOSTR
jafn-bj6(5a (see bjo<5a), v. to be equal
to, be a match for one (e-m) ; -borinn,
pp. of equal birth ; -borinn til e-s,
having equal birthright to (-borinn
til rikis sem ek) ; -breiSr, a. equally
broad', -dcegri, n. equal length of day
and night, equinox', -doemi, n. equit-
able (fair] judgement, justice ; -dcemr,
a., fair, impartial.
jafnendr, m. pi. daysmen, umpires.
jafn-fram, adv. (l ) equally forward,
side by side, with (leggr fram skeiSina
-fram ski pi Hruts) ; evenly, in a
straight line (standa alHr -fram fyrir
konungsborSinu) ; (2} at the same
time (t^eir riSutil >ings -fram Skeggja);
-framt, adv. equally, in the same
degree, = -fram ; -foetis, adv. on equal
footing (standa -foetis e-m, vid e-n) ;
-gegnt, prep, with dat. just opposite
to ; -girnd, f. equity, fairness ; -gjarn,
a. as eager ; just, equitable ; -har (5r,
a. as hard\ -huga(5r, a. (i) of even
temper ; (2) of one mind.
jafni, m. (i) equalness; maela til
jafna ( = til jams) vi5 e-n, to speak
just as well as another', (2) even
number ( = jofn tala).
jafningi (pi. -jar), m. equal, match.
jafn-keypi, n. equal bargain,^ jafn-
aSarkaup ; -kominn, pp. on even
terms ; with equal title (-komnir til
erfSar) ; neut., -komit er a" me5 ykkr,
you are well matched ; -krappr, a. as
strait, as narrow, i -krappan sta6,
in such a strait', -leikit, pp. n. an
eqiial game ; -lendi, n. a level piece
of ground ; -lengd, f . the same time
of the following day (til -lengdar
annars dags) ; the same day in the
next year, anniversary (eigi siSarr en
fyrir -lengd) ; -16ttvigr, a. as active
in wielding arms ; -li<5a, a. indecl.
with an equal number of men ; -liga,
adv. (i) equally, fairly (skipta -liga) ;
(2) usually, always; -ligr, a. equal,
fair ; -lyndi, n. evenness of temper ;
-lyndr, a. ever-tempered', -maki, m.
= jafningi ; -irenni, n. equal, match ;
-nienntr, a. of 'equal rank ; -mail, n.
fair play, equality ; -oki, m. equal,
match (for one) ; -rasSi, n. equal
match; -saman, adv. together (fyrir
t>essa hugsan alia -saman) ; -skipti-
liga, adv. equally ; -skjott, adv. im-
mediately, at once ; -skjott sem, as
soon as ; -snenima, adv. at the very
same moment ; allir -snemma, all at
the same time ; -scetti, n. an agree-
ment on eqital terms.
jafht, adv. (i) just, precisely (J)at
var j. jolaaptan sjdlfan, er J)eir bord-
ust) ; (2) always, perpetually.
jafn-tefli, n. an equal, drawn game ;
-vegit, pp. n. with an equal number
slain on both sides; -vel, adv. (i) as
well, equally well ; (2) likewise, even
(-vel syniliga) ; -virc5i, n. equal worth ;
-vigi, n. drawn battle ; -vagi, n. equal
weight ; -vfflgja (-tSa, -t), v. to equal,
match, with dat. ; -vaegr, a. of equal
weight; -vsetta (-tta, -tt), v. to weigh
against, counterbalance ; -yrcSa (-Sa,
-<5r), v. to bandy words with one (e-n).
jaga (aS), \.(\)to harp on one string ;
j. avallt d enni somu sok, to be always
harping on the same case ; (2) to hunt
(j. dyr), rare.
jaka-for, f. drifting' of ice-floes.
jaki, m. broken ice, ice-floe.
Jakobs-land, n. Compostella in
Spain; -messa, f. St. James' mass.
jalda, f. mare (i joldu liki).
jam-, jamn-, see 'jam-.'
Jamtar, Jamtr, m. pi. men from
Jamtaland in Sweden.
jar^a (ac5), v. to earth, bury.
jarftar-, gen. from 'jord'; -av6xtr,
m. produce of the earth ; -blomi, m.
bloom oftfie earth ; -megin, n. strength
of the earth (sd var aukinn -megni or
-magni) ; -men, n. a long sod or tiirf;
ganga undir -men, to creep under a
sod partially detached from the earth.
jar(5-bann, n. want of grazing (from
snow or frost) ; -borg, f. stronghold
of earth ; -bui, m. underground'
dweller; -eldr, m. volcanic fire ; -fall,
n. earth-slip ; -fastr, a. fixed in the
earth (-fastr steinn) ; -fe, n. treasiire
hidden in the earth ; -fjuk, n. drifting
snow ; -folginn, pp. hidden in the
earth ; -hit a, f., -hiti, m. subterranean
(volcanic] heat ; -hola, f. earth-hole ;
-hus, n. underground rcom or pas-
sage ; -kostr, m. choice of land, land
JARB-KROSS
[233]
JATA
to be had] -kross, m. cross-shaped
mark in the ground ; -laug, f. a bath
in a warm spring in the earth ; -ligr,
a. earthly ; -lus, f . * earth-louse ' ;
-lasgr, a. lying on the ground ; -neskr,
a. earthly ; -riki, n. the earth, world,
opp. to ' himin-riki ' ; -skjalfti, m.
earthquake ; -stofa, f. underground
room ; -veggr, m. earthen wall.
jarki, m. the outside edge of the foot.
jarkna-steinn, m. glittering gem.
jarl (-s, -ar), m. (i) poet, a high-
born, noble man or warrior', (2) earl
(in dignity next to the king); -borinn,
pp. earl-born, an earl by birth ;
-domr, m., -doemi, n. earldom.
jarls-dottir, f. earl's daughter ;
-maftr, m. an earl 's follower ; -nafn,
n. earl's title; -riki, n. dominion of
an earl, earldom ; -sasti, n. earfs seat,
jarma (ac5), v. to bleat, of sheep and
goats (aerin jarmaQi).
jarmr, m. bleating ( sauSa j.) ; scream-
ing of birds (fugls j.).
jarpr, a. chestnut, reddish-brown (j.
har) ; j. hestr, chestnut-horse.
jarp-skjottr, a. bay-piebald.
jar-tegn (-tein, -teikn), n. (i) token,
proof '(of a thing); hafa e-t til -tegna,
to ^tse as a token or evidence ; vera til
jartegna, to serve as a token ; (2)
miracle ; -tegna, -teina (at5 or -di,
dr), v. to betoken.
jata (gen. jotu), f. manger.
jaur, adv. yes indeed, yes certainly.
jaxl (-s, -ar), m. jaw-tooth, grinder,
molar (tennrnar ok jaxlarnir).
jaxla-verkr, m. tooth-ache.
ja, adv. yea, yes ; ja, jd ! yes, yes /
ja (jai, jac5a, jaSr), v. to say yes,
assent to, with dat. (hann jadi pvi);
ja e-rn e-u, to confess a thing to one ;
j. e-u upp, undan s6r, to yield up.
ja-kv8(5a (-dda, -ddr), v. to say yes
to, with dat. ; -kvs9(5i, n. assent, con-
sent ; gjalda -kvasSi til e-s, to give
one's assent to ; -ort$, n. = -kvaefii.
jarn, n. (i) iron (hagr j.); bera j.,
to carry hot iron (as an ordeal) ; (2 ) in
pi. irons, fetters (setja e-n i j., sitja i
jarnum) ; iron hinges (Idk par grind
jarnum) ; horse-shoes.
jarna (aftj, v. (i) to mount with
iron (jcirnaSir vagnar) ; (2} to shoe a
horse (hestr jirnadr 61mm fotum).
jarna-far n. iron-plating, on a ship;
-gangr, m. chafing, galling from
irons (mdttlitill af -gangi) ; -staSr,
m. mark or print of irons.
jarn-borg, f. 'iron-castle' (used of a
ring of iron-clad ships); -bundinn,
pp. iron-bcitnd, of a shield ; -burc5r,
m. the ordfal of carrying hot iron ;
-biitr, m. iron stump ; -dragi, m.
' iron-drawer ', magnet ; -festr, f. iron
band', -fjoturr,m. iron fetter; -fleinn,
m. iron rod; -gaddr, m. iron spike
(goad} ; -gjor(5, f. iron girdle ; -glofi,
m. iron glove ; -gotSr, a. of good iron ;
-greipr, f. pi. iron gloves.
jarng0rSar-ma(5r, m. blacksmith.
jarn-hanki, m. iron handle ; -holkr,
m. iron tube ; -hvalr, m. harpooned
whale ; -kambr, m. iron comb ; -ketill,
m. iron kettle ; -klo, f. iron claw or
fang; -klukka, f. iron bell ; -klsddr,
pp. iron-clad; -krokr, m. iron crook ;
-kylfa, f. iron club ; -ligr, a. of iron ;
-loka, f. iron bar; -lurkr, m. iron
cudgel; -lykkja, f. iron clasp ; -meiss,
m. iron basket ; -m61, n. pi. iron
mouth-piece (of a bridle) ; -mikill, a.
of solid iron ; -nokkvi, m. iron boat ;
-rekendr, f. pi. iron chains ; -rending,
f. iron brim (of a shield) ; -rendr, pp.
bordered with iron (targa -rend); -sia,
f. spark from red-hot iron ; -skor, m.
iron shoe ; -sla, f. iron bar ; -sleggja,
f. iron sledge-hammer; -smi&r, m.
blacksmith ; -smiSi, n. smith's work ;
-spjot, n. iron spear ; -spdng, f. iron
plate ; -stafr, m. iron staff; -stong,
f. iron bar ; -sula, f . iron column ;
-teinn, m. iron pro?ig; -vafiSr, pp.
wound round with iron; -varicSr, pp.
mounted with iron (=jarni vardr) ;
-Viipn, n. pi. iron weapons; -viftjar,
f. pi. iron withes, iron wire.
jata, or jatta (aft, or -tta, -ttr). v.
(i) to say yes to, with dat. (pessu j tar
or jatir hann) ; (2) to acknowledge,
admit (erkibiskup haf5i pvi jatat, at);
(3) to cotisent; mun ek pessu j. fyrir
mik ok mina heimamenn, I will agree
to this for myself and my household;
j. e-u undan ser, j. e-u upp, to yield
JATAN
[234]
JOTUNN
up; (4) to promise (konungr ja"ta6i
J)eim gricJum ok sasttum); (5) with
ace. of the thing, to acknowledge (j.
syndir) ; to grant, give ( jdttudu allir
Jj^r konungdom) ; with ace. of the
person ; fyr engan mun jdtum ver
harm gu5, by no means do we acknow-
ledge him to be God] j. sik, to confess
oneself; j. sik undir e-t, to engage one-
self; (6) refl., jaiast undir e-t, jatast
til e-s, = jdta sik undir e-t.
jatan, jattan, f. (l) affirmation ; (2)
confession (j. synda).
j atari, m. one who confesses.
jatning, f. confession (j. heilagrar
truar, j. synda).
jat-orc5, n. consent (seinn i -orcJum).
jatsi, a. indecl. saying yes ; verda
e-m e-s j., to promise one a thing.
jatta (a&, or -tta, -ttr), v. = jta.
ja-yrtSi, n. consent ; leggja sitt -yr6i
til, to give consent.
j6(5, n. baby (j. 61 Edda).
jotS-ligr, a. thriving (of a baby) ;
sott, f. pains of childbirth ; -ungr,
a. very young.
jol, n. pi. Yule, a great midwinter
feast in the heathen time, afterwards
applied to Christmas.
jola-aptann, m. Yule-eve, Christ-
mas-eve ; -boS, n. Yule banquet ;
-dagr, m. Yule-day, Christmas-day ;
-drykkja, f. Yule-drinking ; -fasta,
f. Advent ; -fritSr, m. Yule-peace,
Christmas-peace ; -gjof, f. Yule- gift,
Christmas box', -hald, n. keeping of
Yule -kveld, n. Yule-eve ; -morg-
inn, m. Yule morning ; -nott, f. Yule
night', -ticSir, f. pi. Christmas service',
-veizla, f. Yule banquet or entertain-
ment ; -vist, f. staying over Yule ;
-61, n. Yule ale.
Joms-vikingar, m. pi. the Vikings
of Join (Wollin in Pomerania).
Jon, m., a proper name,y^.
Jons-messa, f. St. John Baptist's
day, the 24th of June ; -stuka, f.
chapel of St. John ; -vaka, f. =
-messa.
jor (gen. jos ; pi. joar, ace. joa and
joi, dat. jom), m. poet, stallion, steed.
jo-reicS, f. riding on horseback ;
-reykr, in. cloud of dust (seen afar off
above a body of horsemen).
Jorsala-, gen. pi. from ' Jorsalir ' ;
-borg, f. Jerusalem ; -fari, m . Jeru-
salem traveller; -feres -for, f. journey
to J. -lytSr, m. the people of J.
Jorsalir, m. ^.Jerusalem.
Jotar, m. pi. the Jutes.
Jot-land, n. Jutland.
jung-fru, f. princess, lady ; -herra,
m. *" young lor d" 1 , prince.
jurt (pi. -ir), f. aromatic herb.
justa, f. bowl, cup.
jocoirr, m. = jadarr.
jofurr (-a, pi. jofrar), m. poet, king,
prince, chief (at Svia jofri).
joklaftr, a. covered with icicles (yfir
joklufiu skeggi).
jokla-gangr, in. ice-drift (in a
river) ; -vatn, icy water.
jokul-barinn, pp. storm-beaten, stif-
fened with ice ; -kaldr, a. ice-cold.
jokull(gen.-s, dat.jokli; pi. joklar),
m. (i) icicle (hann gekk inn \ sal,
glumdu joklar) ; (2) ice (vatnit snyst
i jokul) ; (3) glacier.
jokul-vatn, n. ice -water from a
glacier ; -vetr, m. severe winter.
joll, n. poet, disturbance, strife (f).
jor$ (gen. jarSar, dat. jorSu; pi.
jarftir), f. (i) earth, opp. to * himinn '
(hvdrt byr gu6 a himni eSa jb'r6u ?) ;
(2) the surface of the earth, ground
(fell hann J)a" dauSr til jardar) ; (3)
mould', (4) land, estate.
jorfi, m. gravel, gravel bank.
jormun-, a prefix, denoting some-
thing///^?, vast, superhuman ; -gandr,
m. tlie great monster, the Midgard
Serpent ; -grund, f. the earth.
joatr (gen. jaatar), m. yeast.
jotun-heimar, m. pi. the Giants'
land', -moc'r, n\.gianfs wrath, fury.
jotunn (gen. -s, dat. jotni ; pi. jot-
nar), m. giant jotna synir, sons oj
giants.
KADALL
[235]
KALLSA
kaftall (gen. -a, dat. kafcli ; pi. kaft-
larj, m. cable, rope.
kaf, n. a plunge into water, dive,
diving ; fasr hann annat k. at 66ru, he
gets one plunge aftsr another ; taka k.,
to dive under water ; a k., i k., into
water , under water ; hlaupa a k., to
plunge into -water ; fara i k., to go
under water; a kafi, i kafi, under
water, diving ; of snow, lagu hestarnir
a kafi i snjonum, the horses stuck deep
in the snow ; standa a kafi, to sink
deep (oxin stod a kafi).
kaf a (a$), v. to dive, swim, under-
water ; of a ship, to be swamped in a
heavy sea (siSan kafa6i skipit).
kafa-fjuk, n. thick fall of snow ;
-hrit5, f. thick snow-storm.
kaf-foera (-(5a, -(5r), v. to thrust
under water, to duck ( = foera e-n i
kaf ) ; -for, f. going under water,
ducking-, -hlacann, pp. deep-laden ;
-hlaup, n. deep snow, -hleypr, a.
sinking deep in the snow (var sva"
mikill snjor, at allt var -hleypt).
kafli, m. a piece cut off; tok at leysa
isinn i koflum, the ice began to break
^4p into floes.
kafna (acS), v. to be siiffocated, cJioked,
in water, smoke, etc. (k. i sandfoki,
i stofureyk).
kafnan, f. suffocation.
kaf-sund, f. swimming' under water',
-syndr, a. good at swimming under
water ; -J>ykkr, a. very thick (of fog,
snow-storm, etc.).
kaga (atS), v. to bend forward and
Peep, pry (hon kagar hj gattinni).
kaggi, m. keg, cask, a nickname.
kala (kell, kol, kalinn), v. impers.,
mik kell, 2 freeze, become frost-bitten
(kalinn a" fotum); e-n kell i hel, one
freezes to death.
kalda(atS),v. to become cold \ impers.
to blow cold', kaldar af boSafallinu,
a gust of cold wind came from the
breakers.
kalda-hlatr, m. sardonic laughter.
kald-liga, adv. coldly ; -ligr, a. cold.
kaldr, a. (i) cold; kalt vedr, cold
weather; brenna (e-t) at koldum
kolum, to burn to cold ashes ; konungi
g0r5i kalt, the king began to get cold\
(2) baneful, hostile, cruel (kold eru
kvenna rad).
kald-ratSr, a. evil-minded, ill-
affected; -rifjaftr, a. ' cold-ribbed ",
cold-hearted, cunning; -yrSi, n. pi.
* cold words ', sarcasm.
kalekr (-s, -ar), m. cup, chalice.
kalkr (-s, -ar), m. drinking-cup,
goblet (k. er J>u skalt drekka af).
kail, n. (i) call, cry, shouting (heyra
k. mikit); (2) appellation, name (>eir
nefna hann jarl enn ilia, var JDetta k.
haft lengi sfdan).
kalla (atS), v. (i) to call, shout, cry
(kallaSi konungr ok bad letta af); (2)
to call, summon by a call, send for
(um kveldit kallaSi konungr Asldk) ;
(3) to say (sumir menn kalla, at eigi
se sakleysi i) ; at kalla, so to say,
nominally ; sa"ttir at k., nominally
reconciled; (4) k. ser e-t, to claim for
oneself (konungr kalladi ser allar Ork-
neyjar) ; (5) to call, name (M6r6r het
ma5r, er kalladr var gigja) ; (6) refl.,
kallast, to say of oneself; konungr
kallaSist hann reynt hafa at goSum
dreng, the king said that he had found
him a good and brave fellow ; (7) with
preps., k. at e-m, to call to one ; k.
e-n, to call to one (Flosi gekk J>a at
durum ok kalladi a Njal) ; to call on,
Invoke Q&aXls&i hann a* gu3 ok hinn
helga Olaf ) ; k. d e-t, to lay claim to
(Snaekollr kallaSi a bu nokkur J)ar i
eyjunum) ; k. eptir, to protest ; k. e-n
eptir e-m, to call or name after; k.
til e-s, to call to, invoke (k. til gu5s) ;
to lay claim to, to claim, demand
(Snorri kallaSi J)a til brynju sinnar) ;
k. til e-s vid e-n, i hendr e-m, to claim
a thing from one.
kallari, m. crier, herald.
kails, n. (i) taunting, raillery ; gora
e-m k., hafa i kallsi vi6 e-n, to taunt
one ; (2) importunate claim.
kallsa (atSj, v. (i) to taunt, mock\
(2) to molest, annoy, importune.
KALLS-LAUSS
[236]
KARL-HOFBI
kalls-lauss, a. unmolested ; -yr(5i,
n. pi. gibes, taunts.
kaxnarr (-s, pi. kamrar), m. privy.
kambari, m. comb-maker.
kambr (-s, -ar), m. (i) comb ; (2)
carding-comb ; (3) crest, comb ; (4)
ridge (of hills).
kampr (-s, -ar), m. (i) beard on the
lips, moustache ; (2) the whiskers (of
a seal) ; (3) front wall. Also * kanpr '.
kangin-yrfti, n. pi. jeering words.
kanna (gen. konnu), f. can, tankard.
kanna (a(5), v. (i) to search, explore
(peirkonnudu landitfyriraustan ana);
k. Ii6, to review, muster troops ; k.
val, to search the field for slain ; k. e-t
af, to find out, make out (ferr Brandr
biskup nordrd Vollu ok kannar pat af,
at) ; k. til = k. af (kannadist svd til,
at) ; (2) refl.. kannast vid e-t, to re-
cognize, know again (kannaSist hon
vio hann ok kynferSi bans) ; to make
one's acquaintance (>6r6lfr hitti par
marga frasndr sina f>a, er hann hafdi
eigi dSr vi5 kannazt); to acknowledge
(konnudust beir vi6, at pat var sann-
T^taeli) ; to recognize as one's own (mefi
[MI at engi kannast vi6 svein penna) ;
recipr., to recognize one another (sidan
konnufiust pau vi6).
kanoki, m. canon (of a church).
kantara-kapa, f., -sloppr, m. a
priest's or bishop's gown.
kapal-hestr, m., -hross, n.=kapall.
kapall (-s, pi. kaplar), m. pack-
horse, hack (naut ok kaplar).
kapella, f. chapel (k. konungs).
kapellu-prestr,m.^r/^/ of a chapel.
kapituli, m. ( i ) chapter ; (2) meeting-
room in a cloister or convent.
kapp, n. contest, zeal, eagerness,
ardour; deila kappi vitf e-n, brjota
kapp (halda til kapps) vi3 e-n, to con-
tend, contest, with one ; me 5 kappi,
with ardour ; meirr af kappi en forsja,
with more obstina<~y than pmdence ;
berjast af miklu kappi, with great
ardour \ renna i kopp vic3 e-n, to run
a race with.
kappa-, gen. pi. from ' kappi ' ; -litS,
n. troop of champions ; -tala, f. roll
of champions (taka e-n f kappatolu) ;
-val, n. choice of champions.
kapp-drykkja, f. drinking-match ;
-droegt, a. n. strongly contested;
var5 peim -droegt i leiknum, it was a
hard contest ; kva6 peim petta mundu
-droegt, it would be a hard task ;
-fuss, a. = -gjarn ; -girni, f. eager-
ness, energy ; -gjarn, a. _/"#// of energy
and desire to excel.
kappi, m. hero, champion, man of
valour (k. mikill, kappar konungs).
kapp-kosta (a<5), v. to strive, en-
deavour ; -leikr, \&. fighting-match ;
-maali, n. pi. dispute ; -nogr, a. plenti-
ful -or$r, a. contentious, wrangling ;
-ro$r, m. rowing-match ; -samliga,
adv. (i) impetuously, with energy;
(2) abundajttly, plentifully ; -samliga
alinn, very well fed; -samligr, a. (i)
vehement ; (2) rich, liberal (-samlig
veizla) ; -samr, a. vehement, im-
petuous ; -semd, -semi, f. energy,
headstrong character.
kapps-fullr, a. contentious, eager to
excel, vehement (har6r ok k.).
kapp-sigling, f. sailing-match.
kapps-maftr, m. man of energy.
kapp-sund, n. swimming-match ;
-svinnr, a. vehement, passionate ;
-yrSi, n. pi. overbearing language;
-cerinn, a. fully sufficient, abundant.
karar-, gen. from ' kor ' ; -kerling,
-kona, f., -mat5r, m. bedridden old
woman, man.
karbunkuli-steinn, m. carbuncle.
kardinali, m. cardinal.
karfa-fotr, m. an unsteady leg.
karfi, m. swift-going ship, galley.
karfi, m. red-fish, red sea-perch.
karina, f. a fast oj forty days (im-
posed as a penance).
karl (-s, -ar), m. (i) man, opp. to
woman (brigfir er karla hugrkonum);
(2) a man of tlie common people, a
carle; (3) old man.
karla-folk, n. male folk; -fot, n. pi.
men's attire ; -sseti, n. seat for men.
karl-dyrr, f. pi. the men's door;
-fatt, a. n. wanting in men-folk (par
var -fatt heima) ; -fjdldi, m. multitude
of male persons ; -lot, n. pi. men's
attire ; -gildr, a. as good as a man
(var hon ok -gild at afli) ; -hoffci, m.
a carved man's head, figure-head;
KARL-KENNDR
[237]
KAUP-FERB
kenndr, pp. masculine; -klsSi, n. pi.
men's clothes; -kostr, m. a (good}
match, of a man ; -kyn, n. the male
sex ; -leggr, m. male lineage, agnates ;
-ma<5r, m. (i) man, male, opp. to
< kvennma6r'w(?w(-ma6r okkona) ;
(2) man of valour (styrkr ok fa'la'tr
ok inn hraustasti -ma<5r).
karlmann-liga, adv. in a manly
way ; -ligr, a. ( i ) manly, bold ; (2)
masculine (-ligt kyn).
karlmanns-bunaSr, m., -klaetSi,
n. pi., man's attire.
karl-mennska, f. manhood, valour.
karls-efni, n. * the makings of a
man\ a promising lad (as a nick-
name) ; -hofutS, n. a man's head
(carved on a pillar],
karl-sift, adv. on the male side ;
-svipt, f. relationship by descent on
the male side ; -svipT, a. male.
ka?rmr (-3, -ar), m. breast-work,
Parapet (kastalar ok karmar).
karnatSr (gen. -ar), m. concubinage.
karp, n. bragging, boasting ; -mal-
ugr, a. bragging, boastful; -yrc5i,
n. pi. overbearing words.
karsk-liga, adv. briskly, boldly.
karskr, a. brisk, bold; hale, hearty.
kart-nagl, m. diseased nail.
kartr (-s, -ar), m. cart.
kasa (ac5), v. to heap earth upon, to
bury (hann var kasa5r i ur5).
kass, m. large box, case, creel.
kast, n. (i) cast, throw of a net; (2)
throw of dice ; koma i k. vi<3 e-n, to
come in collision with one ; kemr til
varra kasta at, it is our turn to ; (3)
a kind of cloak.
kasta (atS), v. (i) to cast, throw,
with dat. (Egill kastaSi begar niflr
horninu) ; k. akkerum, to cast anchor;
k. verplum, teningum, to throw with
dice ; k. orflum a e-n, to address one ;
refl., kastast orc5um a", to exchange
words ; k. kalls-yrSum at e-m, to throw
taunts at one ; k. eign sinni a e-t, to
seize upon, take possession of; k. a"
sik sott, to feign illness ; (2) to cast off
(erH. heyroijiietta^kastafiihannskikk-
junni) ; k. tra, to cast off one's faith;
(3) impers., e-u kastar, is thrown,
flung; toku beir gneista ba, er kastat
haf6i or Muspellsheimi, they took the
sparks that had been cast out from M. ;
skipinu hafSi kastat, had capsized;
henni var kastat skinni at beini, the
skin was, as it were, thrown over her
bones (from leanness) ; (4) with 'urn' ;
k. urn hesti, to turn, wheel, a horse
right round; k. um smum hug, to
alter one's (own] disposition ; absol.
to turn round, wJieel about.
kaatala-menn, m. pi. defenders of
a castle ; -stafr, m. castle pillar ;
-veggr, m. castle wall.
kastali, m. castle, stronghold.
katlari, katla-smi(5r, m. kettle-
maker.
katt-skinn, n. cat's skin.
kaup, n. (i) bargain; illt fgott) k.,
bad (good] bargain ; sla" kaupi vid
e-n, to strike a bargain with one ;
eiga k. vi5 e-n, to bargain, trade with
one; verSa at kaupi, to come to a
bargain ; (2) stipulation, agreement
(bd tala beir um k., ok veroa d allt
sattir) ; (3) wages, pay (konungr gaf
honum mikit k.) ; vera af kaupi, to be
off one's bargain, to have forfeited it.
kaupa (kaupi, keypta, keyptr), v.
(i) to buy (keypti Njall land i Ossa-
boe) ; absol. to make a bargain ; k.
kaupi, to bargain ; (2) to make an
agreement about (beir keyptu bessu) ;
(3) with preps., k. e-n a braut, to buy
one off; k. e-t at e-m, to buy a thing
of one ; k. saman, to bargain ; k. um
e-t, to barter, exchange (keypti hann
um lond vi5 GuQrunu) ; k. vid e-n, to
make a bargain, come to terms with
one ; recipr., kaupast vid, to bargain
with one another.
kaupa-kostir, m. pi. terms of a
bargain ; -land, n. purchased land ;
-mang, n. barter, bartering; -mark,
n. purchased (cattle} mark, opp. to
one inherited.
kaupangr (-rs and -s), m. market-
place (\ kaupangi sem i herafii).
kaupangrs-lytSr, m. towns-folk.
kaup-brigfti, n. breach of contract ;
-boar, m. = kaupangr ; -drengr, m.
= -madr ; -dyrr, a. demanding a high
Price, expensive ; -eyrir, m. article of
trade, wares, cargo ; -fertS, f. trading
KATTP-FOX
[238]
KENNA
journey or voyage; -fox, n. cheating;
-fritSr, m. security for trade ; -for, f.
= -fer6, esp. in pi. (hafa skip f -forum,
fara -forum) ; -gegn, a. good at trad-
ing; -gjald, n. wages, pay ; -bus, n.
shop ; -lag, n. tax, price; -laust, a. n.
(l) without charge, gratuitously ; (2)
'without bargain or profit ; -ligr, a.
mercantile ; mer ver5r -ligt, I come to
a bargain ; -matSr, m. trader, mer-
chant; -manga (atS), v. to bargain
(-manga vid e-n).
kaupmanna-g0rfi, n. merchant's
attire; -log, n. pi. league of merchants
(vera \ -logum = vera kaupmadr).
kaupmann-liga,adv. in a merchant-
like manner ; -ligr, a. merchant-like.
kaup-mali, m. bargain, contract ;
-rof, n. breach of bargain ; -sattr, a.
agreed as to a bargain ; -skapr, m.
stores of merchandise, wares ; -skip,
n. merchant ship; -slaga (at$), v. to
bargain ; -staSr, m. market town ;
-stefna, {.fair, market ; -sveinn, m.
= -drengr ; -tun, n. market town.
kaupu-nautr, m. customer.
kaup-varningr, m. merchant wares ;
-vattr, m., -vitni, n. witness to a
bargain ; -{>orp, n. = -tun.
ka (kai, kafta, kaftr), v. to harass ;
refl., kdst i e-u, to meddle in a thing.
kaklast (atS), v. refl. to receive a
beating, meet with blows.
kal, n. cabbage, kale.
kalfi, m. the calf of the leg.
kalfr (-s, -ar), m. calf; fig. small
island (beside a large one).
kalfs-belgr, m. calf's skin.
kalf-skinn, n. calf-skin.
kapa, f. cloak made with a cowl or
hood (hann var i blarri kapu).
kapu-ermr, f. the sleeve of a kdpa ;
-battr, -hottr, m. the hood of a kapa ;
-skaut, n. the lap of a kdpa.
kar-hof (5at5r, a. curled.
karina, f., see * karina '.
karr, m. curl in the hair.
kat-liga, adv. in a merry manner;
-ligr, a. merry, cheerful (-lig or5).
katr, a. merry, cheerful.
ka-visi, f. meddlesomeness ; -visligr,
a., -viss, a. quarrelsome, meddlesome.
kefja (kef, kafSa, kaftSr), v. to
dip, put under water; impers. to b*
swamped, sink, of a ship (skipit kafdi
undir j>eim) ; refl., kefjast, to dip one-
self, duck, dive.
kefla (-da, -dr), v. to gag (a lamb).
kefli, n. cylinder (of wood), stick.
kefling, f. gagging (of lambs).
kefli-volr, m. cane, stick, = kefli.
keikja (-ta, -tr), v. to bend back-
wards (E. keikti hann aptr d bak).
keikr, a. bent backwards (bjugr i
lendum en keikr i halsi).
keila, f . a sea-fish allied to the cod ;
torsk or tusk.
keipr (-s, -ar), m. rowlock.
keipull, m. a kind of boat, coble.
keisa (-ta, -tr), v. to bend.
keisara-domr, m., -doemi, n. em-
pire ; -boll, f. imperial castle ; -ligr,
a. imperial; -riki, n.= -doemi; -stoll,
m. imperial throne.
keisari, m. emperor.
kektunar-maSr, = klektunar-ma5r.
kelda, f. (i) well, spring; (2) bog,
quagmire (la hestr nans i keldu).
keif a (-di, -t), v. to calve.
kelpa, f. trap (for otters).
kelta, f. = kjalta.
kemba (-da, -dr), v. (i) to comb (k.
har sitt) ; (2) to card (k. ull).
kempa, f. champion, bold warrior
(bardagamaSr mikill ok kempa).
kengr, m. (i) a horseshoe-formed
crook; (2) bend, bight; kottrinn beygSi
kenginn, arched its back.
kenna (-da, -dr), v. (i) to know,
recognize (Flosi kenndi Kara, er hann
kom i stofuna) ; (2) to know as one's
own, claim (k. ser land) ; (3) to assign
or attribute to one (>a var ok dr um
oil lond, kenndu Sviar J>at Frey) ; k.
e-m barn, to father a child upon one ;
(4) k. e-m e-t, to lay to one's charge,
impute (ef hann vasri sannr verks J)essa,
er honum var kennt) ; k. e-m um e-t,
to charge one with a thing (f>orgeirr
vildi ekki, at brceSrum hans mastti um
k.) ; (5 ) to taste food or drink (k. e-t or
e-s) ; (6) to Jed, perceive, with ace.
and gen. (ek kennda bin eigi, er pii
hvildirdbrjosti me'r) ; k. ssetan ilm, to
perceive a sweet smell ; k. hita (kulda)
af e-u, to feel heat (cold) from ; k.
KENNANDI
[239]
KEYRA
aflsmunar, liSsmunar, to feel the odds ;
hon kenndi i meira lagi, she felt con-
siderable pain ; absol., pd er peir
komu upp i heiSina, kenndi at bra lit,
the colour was felt to change, it began
to darken ; mer kennir heiptar vi6 e-n,
I feel hatred against one; k. ni5r, to
touch the bottom (en er skipin kenndu
niflr, pd gekk jarl a land) ; (7) to show,
bear witness ^/(virdist mer dkall petta
meirr kenna ranglaetis en rettvisi) ;
(8) to call, name ; k. e-t vid e-n, to
call after one (Helgi trudi a" Krist, ok
kenndi pvi vid hann bustad sinn); (9)
in poetry, to call by a periphrastic
name (hvernig skal k. sol, vind); (10)
k. e-m e-t, to teach one a thing (k. e-m
retta trii ok goda siQu) ; ek hefi kennt
per irsku at masla, / have taught thee
to speak Irish ; ( 1 1 ) to make one do a
thing (^a. e-m bita) f ; (12) refl.,kennast,
to seem, appear (Ulfr kennist mer vitr
maQr) ; recipr., sva" var myrkt, at peir
kenndust eigi, that they did not know
one another', goldit var honum petta
sva"> at hann mun lengi kennast, he
was repaid for this in a way that he
will long remember', kennast vi5,
to recognize (kenndist hann af pvi
pegar viQ mennina) ; to confess, ac-
knowledge (at peir mastti vi3 kennast
sinn litilleik).
kennandi (pi. -endr), m. (i) re-
cognizer', (2) teacher, preacher.
kennan-ligr, a. perceptible.
kennari, m. teacher, master.
kenni, n. mark (cf. 'einkenni').
kenni-faftir, m. = laerifa6ir ; -matSr,
m. teacher, cleric, priest.
kennimann-ligr, a. having the air
of a priest, clerical.
kennimanns-skapr, m. priesthood.
kenni-mark, n. mark (= kenni).
kenning (pi. -ar), f. (i) teaching,
doctrine, lesson, esp. of preaching ;
kenna kenningar, to preach ; (2) mark
of recognition ; (3) a poetical peri-
phrasis or descriptive name.
kenningar-nafn, n. surname; -orft,
n.pl. words of admonition; -sonr, m.
alleged son.
kenni-speki, f. power of recognition.
kennsl, n. pi. (i) recognition ; bera
j k. e-n, to know, recognize one ; (2)
a charge made on evidence ; hafa k. a"
e-m, bera k. a" hendr e-m, to charge
one with a thing.
kennsla, f. ( I ) teaching, instruction ;
(2) = kennsl (i).
kenpa, f. champion (= kempa).
keppa (-ta, -t), v. to contend, strive
hard ; k. um e-t, to contend for or
about a thing; k. vi5 e-n, to contend
with one ; refl., keppast, to exert one-
self; k. vid e-n, to contend with or
against one ; k. til e-s or um e-t, to
strive after, contend for a thing.
keppi-liga, adv. impetuously.
keppr, m. cudgel, club.
ker, n. tub, vessel, goblet.
kerald, n. tub.
ker-ba(S, n. = ker-laug.
kerfi, n. bunch, bundle (morg spj6t,
er bundin voru \ k.).
ker-laug, f. bathing in a tub.
kerling (pi. -ar), f. (i) woman, wife;
(2) old woman.
kerlinga-villa, f. old womarts tale,
nonsense (pat er nu kolluS -villa).
kerra, f. car, chariot (k. solarinnar).
kerski, f. cheerfulness, fun ( = keski).
kerski-mal, n. jest ; -mall, a. face-
tious ; -orS, n. pi. jokes ; -orftr, a. =
-mdll ; -yrtSi, n. pi. = -or5.
kerta-hjalmr, m. chandelier; -klofi,
m. snuffers ; -stika, f. candlestick.
kerti, n. wax candle, taper.
kerti-rak, n. candle-wick ; -stika,
f. = kertastika ; -sveinn, m. link-boy
(attendant on a great man).
kesja, f. a kind of halberd.
kesju-lag, n. a thrust with a halberd.
keski, f. = kerski ; -fimr, a. witty.
ketil-hadda, f. kettle-handle; -hrim,
n. kettle-grime, soot.
ketill (dat. katli, pi. katlar), m.
kettle, pot, cauldron (i eldahusinu var
eldr mikill ok katlar yfir).
ketil-tak, n. taking a hot stone out
of a boiling kettle (as an ordeal).
ketlingr (-a, -ar), m. kitten.
ketta, f . she-cat ; giantess.
keypi-liga, adv. after the manner
of a bargain.
keyr, n. choice, = k0r.
keyra (-t$a, -tSr), v. (i) to whip,
KEYRI
[240]
KJALLARI
lash, prick on (hann keyrfli bd best
sinn) ; k. best sporum, to put spurs to
a horse ; (2) to ride (keyrir si6an sem
hardast til sinna manna) ; (3) to fling
(S. bregSr honum d loft ok keyrir
hann lit d. Ranga") ; k. e-n utbyrfiis,
to fling overboard ; (4) to drive, thrust
(k. nagla, k. sverS i hofud e-m) ;
Jorunn tok sokkana ok keyrSi um
hofu6 henni, J. struck her about the
head 'with the stockings ; (5) impers.,
e-n keyrir, one is driven, tossed, by
the wind, waves (fundu f>eir eigi fyrr
en bd. keyrfii d. land upp I ; e-t keyrir
or h6fi, it exceeds all measure.
keyri, n. whip.
keyris-hcgg, n. lash.
keyta, f. foul water.
kit5 (gen. pi. kitSa or kiftja), n. kid.
kitSja-mjolk, f. kid's milk.
kiftlingr (-s, -ar), m. young kid.
ki$-skinn, n. kid-skin.
kikna (atS), v. to bend backwards, to
sink at the knees (kikna \ kne'sbotum).
kilpr, m. handle (of a vessel).
kilting, f. skirt, lap (hann hafSi
Inga konung i kilting sdr).
kimbla (a$), v. to truss up.
kind (pi. kindir and kindr), f. (i)
kind, race ; fyrQa (gumna, seggja,
skatna, yta) k., the sons of men, man-
kind; (2) creature, being", lifSi engi
kvik k. eptir, no living creature lived
after', sterkari en nokkur k. onnur,
stronger than any other creature ;
helgar kindir, holy beings.
kinga, f. brooch (k. var d bringu).
kinn (pi. kinnr), f. cheek.
kinnar-bein, n. = kinnbein ; -kjalki,
m. the upper jaw-bone.
kinn-bein, n. cheek-bone; -bjorg, f.
cheek-piece of a helmet ; -filla, f.
* cheek-flesh ' ; -hestr, m. box on the
ear ; -hoggva (see hoggva), v. to hew
or hack the cheek ; -lecSr, n. leather
cheek-piece of a bridle ; -ro(5i, m.
blush of shame; -skjottr, a. with pie-
bald cheeks (of a horse) ; -skogr, m.
beard; -skaerr, a. white-cheeked.
kinmmgr (-s, -ar ), m. bow of a ship.
kinn-vangi, m. cheek.
kippa (-ta, -t), v. to pull, snatch,
draw quickly (Egill kipti at ser sver5-
inu) ; hann kippir monnum at ser, ht
gets men together ; k. ofan seglinu, to
pull the sail down ; impers., e-m
kippir i kyn (um e-t), one resembles his
kinsmen (in something] ; refl., kippast
um e-t, to struggle with one another
about a thing; k. vi6, to make a
sudden motion (kippist hann sva hart
vi5, at jord oil skelfr).
kippa, f. bundle, string (of}.
kippr, m. pull, jerk, shock.
kirkja (gen. pi. kirkna), f. church.
kirkju-bann, n. ban of the church ;
-bol, n. church estate ; -buna<5r, m.
church hangings ; -boar, m. = -bol ;
-dagr, m. church-day, anniversary ;
-drottinn, m. church patron ; -eign,
f., -f, n. church property; -friftr, m.
church-peace, sanctuary ; -ganga, f.
church-going; -garSr, m. church-
yard; -gengt, a.n., eiga -gengt, to be
allowed to go to church ; -gritS, n. pi.
= -fri6r ; -graefr, a. who can be buried
at a church; -g0r5, f. church-build-
ing ; -helgr, f. church service ; -land,
n. church-land, glebe ; -log, n. pi. ec-
clesiastical law; -maldagi, m. church
deed; -messa, f. = -dagr ; -ran, n.
sacrilege; -r6ttr, m. church-right;
-skot, n. wing of a church ; -skraut,
-skrucS, n. church ornament ; -sokn,
f. (i) church-worship, attendance at
service ; (2) parish ; -st6tt, f. church
pavement; -stoll, m. church pew ;
-tiund, f. church tithe -tjold, n.pl.
church hangings; -vi(5r, m. church
timber ; -vist, f. attendance at church ;
-vigsla, f. consecration of a church ;
-vorcSr, m. churchwarden.
kirna, f. churn.
kirnu-askr, m. churn-pail.
kista (gen. pi. kistna), f. (i) chest;
(2) coffin (=lik-kista).
kistill (-s, pi. kistlar), m. little
chest, small box.
kistu-hringr, m. ring in a chest;
-lykill, m. key of a chest \ -lok, n.
cover of a chest.
kitla (aS), v. to tickle.
kifa (aS), y. to quarrel.
kifinn, a. quarrelsome.
kill, m. narrow inlet, canal.
kjallari, m. cellar.
KJALTA
[241]
KLAUP
kjalta (gen. kjdltu), f. lap.
kjal-vegr, m. a way leading across
a ridge of mountains (local name).
kjappi, m. pet name of a he-goat.
kjapta (aft), v. to chatter, gabble.
kjaptr (-s, -ar), m. = kjoptr.
kjark-leysi, n. lack of vigour.
kjarkr, m. vigour, pith, energy.
kjarni, m. kernel, esp. of berries.
tjarr (pi. kjorr),n. capseweod, brush-
wood, thicket.
kjarr-myrr, f. marsh-ground with
brushwood', -skogr, m. copsewood.
kja (tjai, kjafta, kjaft), v. ; hverr
peirra kjdr nerinu at 6<5rum, they put
their heads together.
kjalki, m. (l) jaw-bone", (2) hand-
sledge (draga kjdlka).
kjoll (-a, -ar), m. poet. ship.
kjosa (kys ; kaus, k0ri and keyri ;
kusum and kurum ; kosinn,k0rinn),
v. (i) to choose, select (valkyrjur ri5a
jafnan at k. val); (2) to desire, wish
(pd. kys ek laust kaup va"rt) ; k. heldr,
to choose rather, prefer ; (3) to elect
(k. biskup) ; (4) with preps., k. e-n af
fleirum, to select, choose from a num-
ber; k. af, to choose (kuru peir pd af
at ganga til handa konungi) ; margir
kjosa ekki or6 a sik, many are not so
well spoken of as they may wish to be ;
k. e-n til e-s, to select one for a thing
(k. e-n til fylgdar vi3 sik, til biskups) ;
k. um e-t, to choose between (kjos pu
nu um tva kostij.
kjuklingr (-a, -ar), m. chicken, chick.
kjolr (gen. kjalar, dat. kill ; pi.
kilir,acc. kjolu), in. (i) <?/( brotnaSi
kjolrinn undir skipinu) ; sigla lausum
kill, to sail with an empty ship ; koma
e-m a" kjol, to get one tip on the keel
(when the boat is capsized) ; ni6r i
kili, down in the hold; (2) keel-shaped
range of mountains (austr um Kjol) ;
(3) back of a book.
kjol-syja, f. one of the two boards
nearest to the keel.
kjol-vegr, m. = kjal-vegr.
kjoptr, in. (i) jaw (er hinn efri k.
vi6 himni, en hinn neQri vid jor5u) ;
(2) gaping jaws.
kjor, n. choice, decision; ganga (falla)
i k., to go as one wishes.
ICEL. DICT.
kjdr-gripr, m. a choice or costly
thing; -ligr, a.yf/ to be chosen.
kjorr, m. thicket = kjarr (peir skildu
f kjorr einum).
kj 6r-vapn, n. a choice weapon ; -vic5r,
m. choice timber; -visligr, a. accept-
able, = kjorligr.
kjot (dat. kjoti and kjdtvi), n. meat,
flesh ; in pi. stores of meat.
kjot-dt, n., -ata. f. meat-eating;
-biti, m. piece of meat; -ligr, a. (i)
pertaining to flesh ; (2 ) carnal, fleshly ;
(3) related by blood; kjotligt barn, one's
own child; kjotligr br66ir, brother
germane ; -leer, n. joint of meat ;
-stykki, n. piece of meat; -vaxinn,
^.fleshy; -89tr, a. eatable (of meat).
klafa-kerling, f., -stafr, m. a kind
of two-pronged stick.
klafi, m. a kind of fork (put on a
cow's neck in the stall).
klak (pi. kick), n. chirping of birds .
klaka (a$), v. to twitter, chatter (of
birds) ; refl., klakast viQ um e-t, to
have a dispute abottt.
klaka-hestr, m., -hross, n. a horse
that is left unhoused in winter; -hogg,
n. a tool for breaking up frozen soil,
= pelhogg ; -torf, K. frozen turf.
klaki, m. hard-frozen ground.
klakk-laust, adv. unhurt, un-
scathed (komast -laust af).
klakkr (-s, -ar), m. heavy, peaked
clouds ; cf. uvidris-klakkr.
klakk-sarr, a. touchy, feeling sore;
e-m verSr -sart, one is hurt, in,ured.
klambrar-, gen. from ' klombr ' ;
-veggr, m. a kind of wedge.
kland, n. molestation.
klanda (aft), v. to molest.
klanda-lauss, a., free from molesta-
tion ; kJandan, f., klandr, n. = kland.
klapp, n. pat, patting.
klappa (aft), v. (i) to pat, stroke
gently (jarlinn klappafti hendi sinni d
bak honum) ; k. um e-t, to pat \ (2) to
knock, rap (k. a dyrum, d hur3) ; (31
to shape by cutting blows, hew, chisel
(voru klappacJirdsteinvegginn krossar
prir); (4) to hammer ; mun ek nu k. um
aptr, I will make it good \ right) again.
klauf (pi. -ir), f. (i) the cleft (be-
tween the toes) ; (2) cloven foot
R
KLAUFA-GANQR
[242]
KLO-FTTGKL
(goltrinn svamm Jmr til af gengu klauf-
irnar) ; (3) beast, head of cattle.
klauf a-gangr, m. tramp of cattle.
klauaa, f. clause, passage.
klaustr, n. cloister, convent.
klaustra-folk, n. convent folk ; -lif-
naftr, m. convent life ; -menn, m. pi.
convent people.
klaustr-ganga, f. entering a con-
vent ; -garftr, m. convent wall.
kla (klsB ; klo, klogum ; kleginn),
v. to claw, scratch, rub (hann baQ mik
kla" fot sinn).
klafti, m. itch (t>egar brd kldSa
miklum a* hvarmana).
klaft-sjukr, a. scabby.
klafr (-s, -ar), m. a kind of box
carried on horseback.
klam, n. obscene, filthy language.
klam-hogg, n. an opprobrious blow ;
-yrfti, n.foul language.
klap-eygr, a. goggle-eyed, staring.
klarr (-s, -ar), m. hack, cart~horse.
k!6 (gen. klja ; pi. kljar), m. one of
the stones to keep the warp straight
in the old upright loom.
klefi, m. closet (cf. svefnklefi).
kleggi (gen. -ja), m. cleg, horse-fly.
kleggi (gen. -ja), m. cock of hay.
kleif (pi. -ar), f. cliff, rocky ascent.
kleima (-da, -dr), v. to daub, dabble.
kleiss, a. lisping -(k. f mdli).
klekja (klek, klakta, klaktr and
klakinn), v. to hatch ( = k. ut).
klektunar-maftr, m. chicken-hearted
man (hann er engi -ma6r).
klenging (pi. -&x} t i.vexatious action.
klengi-sok, f. a vexatious suit.
klengjast (d), v. to interfere or in-
trude oneself vexatiously.
kleppr, m. plummet, lump.
klerka-folk, n., -lyftr, m. the clergy ;
-si Sir, m. pi. clerical customs ; -songr,
m. church music.
klerk-domr, m. learning; -liga,
adv. like a clerk, learnedly ; -ligr,
a. clerkly, scholar-like.
klerkr (-s, -ar), m. (l) cleric, clerk,
scholar; (2) clergyman, esp. of the
minor orders.
klettr (-a, -ar), m. rock, crag.
kliftr, m. din, murmur.
klif, n. cliff, sca^tr 1 kleif.
klifa (aft), v. to repeat, harp on the
same thing (also, k. a" e-u) ; refl., klifast
vi5 e-n, to wrangle with one.
klif-gata, f. way along a cliff.
klifra (aft), klifrast, v. to climb.
klingja (-da, -t), v. to ring, jingle.
klippa (-ta, -tr), v. to clip, cut ; k.
sauSi, to shear sheep.
klifa (klif; kleif, klifum ; klifinn),
v. to climb (konungr kleif upp f einn
bakka ; k. bratta brekku).
kligja (-fta), v. to feel nausea (h6n
kligir mjok).
kligja, f. nausea.
klina (-da, -dr), v. to smear \ k.
brau5, to butter bread.
kliningr, m. buttered bread.
klja (kljai, kljafta, kljaSr), v. to
fix the weights (cf. ' ki^ ') to a loom ;
vera d enda kljaSr, to have done ; er
ek a enda kljaSr at >ola J)at lengr, /
can bear it no longer.
kljar, m. = kle.
kljufa (klyf ; klauf, klufum ; klof-
inn), v. to cleave, split (hann hjo
pe^ar i skjold Hruts ok klauf allan
ni5r) ; skammt upp klofinn, having
a short fork, short-legged.
klof, n. the space between the legs,
the fork.
klofa-rum, n. ship's cabin near the
mast ; -stef, n. ' cleft burden ', a form
of refrain in a ' drapa '.
klofi, m. (i) cleft, rift (in a hill);
cleft stick ; verSa i klofanum, to be
caught in a trap ; (2) door-groove ;
luka upp hurSu, or luka aptr hurd, a
miSjan klofa, to open, or shut, the door
halfway; hurd hnigin a miSjan klofa,
half shut ; reka aptr hurSina (or luka
hurdinni) i klofa, to shut the door;
(3) the forks to support tents on board
a ship (hoggva tjoldin 6r klofum) ;
(4) snuffers.
klofna (aft), v. to be cloven, to split.
klokka, f. = klukka.
klo (pi. klcer, dat. klom), f. (i)
claw, talon ; (2) clew (of a sail).
kloa-gangr, m. scratching (fighting)
with claws.
kloast, v. refl. to fight with claws.
klo-dyr, n. a beast with claws, beast
of prey ; -fugl, m. bird of prey.
KL6KINDI
[243]
KNATT-TR6
klokindi, n. pi. cunning, cleverness.
klok-leiki, m.=klokindi ; -liga, adv.
cunningly ; -ligr, a. cunning, crafty.
klokr, a. arch, cunning, clever.
klok-samligr, a. = -ligr ; -skapr, m.
= klokindi.
klor, n. scratching', klora (a$), v.
to scratch (like a cat).
klot, n. knob of a sword hilt.
klubba, f. = klumba.
klukka (gen. pi. klukkna), f. bell;
kva6 vi5 klukkan, the bell rang.
klukkari, m. bell-ringer.
klukkna-hljocS, n. peal of bells ;
-hus, n. bell-chamber, belfry.
klukku-h.ljo5, n. = klukknahlj'65 ;
-strengr, m. bell-string.
kluniba, f. club, = klubba, kylfa.
klungr (-rs, -rar), m. bramble.
klungrottr, a. grown with bramble.
klutr (-a, -ar), m. kerchief.
klyf (pi. -jar), f. pack, truss (on a
pack-horse) ; -beri, m. pack-saddle.
klyfbera-band,n. pack-saddle girth.
klyfja (aS), v. to load with packs (k.
best, asna af e-u).
klyfja (klyf, kluffta, klufiSr), v.
to split, cleave.
klyfja-band, n. pack-girth ; -bur<5r,
m. carrying packs on horseback ;
-hestr, m., -hross, n. pack-horse.
klypa (-ta, -tr), v. to pinch, nip.
klyping, f. pinching, nipping.
klsefta (-dda, -ddr), v. to clothe ; k.
sik, to dress oneself-, refL, klaeSast, to
dress oneself, put on one's clothes, in
the morning (sidan stoQu beir upp ok
klasddust).
klsetSa-, gen. pi. from ' klae3i ' ;
-bunaftr, -buningr, m. afparel;
-kaup, n. exchange of clothes ; -skipti,
n. pi. change of clothes ; -skurtSr, m.,
-snitS, n. cut, fashion of clothes; -ylr,
m. warmth derived from clothes ;
-6rk, f. clothes-chest.
klaeft-far, a. thinly clad; -hcefr, a.
fit for wear.
klaefti, n. (i) cloth, stuff (ensk k.
me6 morgum litum) ; (2) garment
(ma6r i raudu k.) ; (3) esp. in pi.,
clothes, apparel, dress (hvar fyrir berr
bu rau5 klaeSi ?) ; fara i k., to put on
clothes ; fara af or or klaeQum, to take
off one's clothes ; bera k. (kasta kla:fl-
um) d va"pn, to throw clothes over the
weapons (to stop a fisjht).
klaetS-lauss, a. void of clothes, naked;
-leysi, n. nakedness; -margr, a. well
provided with clothes.
klaeftnatSr (gen. -ar), m. clothing*
app.irel (k. f>6ru ok gripir).
klaeS-sekkr, m. clothes-bag.
klaeja (at5), v. to itch ; mi klaeja oss
lofarnir, now our palms itch ; impers.,
m^r klasjar, 7 itch.
klfflki, n. disgrace, cowardice.
klaeki-ligr, a. dastardly, cowardly.
kla9kis-efni, n. mean proceeding;
-hogg, n. dastardly blow.
klaeki-skapr, m. baseness, meanness.
klffikis-lauat, adv. blamelessly ;
-maftr, m. dastard; -nafn, n. name
for cowardice ; -orS, n. = -nafn ;
-verk, n. base work.
klaekja (-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame.
klffikja-fullr, a. disgraceful, mean.
klflBma (-da, -dr), v. to put to shame.
klok, n. pi., see ' klak '.
klpkkna (ac5), v. to become soft,
soften (bat voknar ok k!0kknar).
klpkkr (ace. -van), a. pliable, soft,
yielding; easily affected.
klpkkva (klpkk ; klokk, klukku ;
), v. to be moved to tears ; to sob*
k!0kkva (-ta, tr), v. to soften.
klpkkving, f. emotion.
klombr (gen. klambrar), f. smith 's
vice, fig. a tight place.
klopp (gen. klappar, pi. klappir),
f. stepping-stone.
knakkr (-s, -ar), m. a kind of stool.
knapi, m. valet, varlet.
knappatSr, ^.furnished with studs
or buttons (k. kyrtill).
knapp-jarn, n. iron staff with a knob
at one end.
knappr (-s, -ar), m. (i) knob (staf i
hendi ok knapp a) ; ri5a knapp d, to
furnish a thing with a knob; (2) stud,
button (med knappi ok nezlu).
knarrar-batr, m. ship's boat (see
'knorr'); -skip, n. = knorr ; -smi(5r,
m. shipwright.
knatt-drepa, f., -gildra, f. = -tre ;
-hogg, n. a blow with a ball; -leikr,
m. playing at ball; -tr6, n. bat.
KNA
[244]
KNOTTR
knd (pi. knegum ; knatta), a defec-
tive verb, / can (could] ; knakat ek
segja, / cannot say (poet.).
kna-leikr, m. prowess, hardihood ;
-liga, adv. hardily, doughtily (l>eir
soekja -liga ferSina) ; -ligr, a. = knar.
knar (kna, knatt), a. hardy, vigor-
ous ; having strength and energy.
kn6 (gen. pi. kiija, dat. knjam or
knjomj, m. (i) knee ; sitja d kne* e-m,
to sit on a per son's knee; ganga (koma,
fara, hvarfa) fyrir k. e-m, to approach
one as a suppliant ; koma e-m d k.,
to bring one to his knees, overcome ;
Idta k. fylgja kvidi, to plant the knee
on the belly ; sitja fyrir knjom e-rri,
to attend a woman in childbirth ; (2)
knee-timber in a ship.
kn6-beftr, m. knee cushion ; falla d
-bed, to kneel ; -beygjast (ft), v. refl.
to bow the knees ; -bjorg, f. knee-
piece ; -fall, n. kneeling.
knefa (aft), v. to determine (er J>ar
nu knefat um annat r3).
kn6-falla (see falla), v. to fall on
the knees ; to kneel.
kneiking (pi. -ar), f. close embrace,
hug (kossar ok kneikingar).
kneikja (-ta, -tr), v. to bend back-
wards with force (k. e-n aptr a bak).
kne-liftr, m. knee-joint.
kneppa (-ta, -trj, v. (i) to press,
hug (k. e-n at ser) ; (2) to stud, button.
kn6-runnr, m. lineage, kinship; de-
gree in descent.
kn6s-bot, f. the hollow of the knee.
kn6-setja (see setja), v. to place
upon one's knees, a kind of adoption
(hann -setti {)ann svem ok fostradi);
-setningr, m. foster-son.
kn6s-fotr, m. ham, hough (= -bot).
kne-sig, n. sinking on one's knees ;
-skel, f. knee-cap, knee-pan ; -skot, n.
humiliation ; koma -skoti a e-n, to
bring one to his knees.
kneyfa (-fta, -ftr), v. to quaff (Egill
kneyfdi af horninu i einum drykk).
knia (aft), v. to consider, debate (er
{>eir kniadu J)etta mal milli sin).
knia, v. poet., only in the pret.
*kni5i', to knock, strike; knifium un-
nir, we rowed.
knifr (-s, -ar), m. knife, dirk.
knifs-blatS, n. knife's blade ; -hepti,
n. knife's handle', -oddr, m. knife's
point ', -skepti, n. = -hepti.
kno<5a (aft), v. to knead (k. saman
injol ok smjor).
knoka (aft), v. to knock, thump.
knosa (aft), v. to bruise, beat.
knui,m. knuckle (ln.\ito\MO\i knuarnir).
knuska (aft), v. to knock, ill-treat.
knuskan, f. knocking, ill-treatment.
knuta, f. knuckle-bone, joint-bone.
knutottr, a. knotted.
knutr (-s, -ar), m. (i) knot", leysa
knut, to ^mdo a knot ; ri5a knut, to
tie a knot ; knyta knut, to knit a
knot; (2) hump, protuberance.
knykill (pi. knyklar), m. small
knot, protuberance.
knylla (-ta, -tr), v. to beat, strike
({)eir knylltu hann me3 keyrinu).
knypri, n. cowering ; vefja sik i k.,
to crouch together.
knytja (aft), v. to k?iit or tie together.
knyfill (pi. knyflar), m. short horn.
knyflottr, a. short-horned.
knyja (kny, knyfta or knufta,
knuinn), v. ( I) to knock ; hann knufii
hurSina, he knocked at the door ; (2)
to press, drive onward (f>eir knu6u
fast arar me3 sto um bakfollum) ; to
push, urge on lhann gat varia fylgt
henni, svd kniiSi hon fast reiQina) ;
(3) refl. to struggle on, press on ; pvi
harSara er f>6rr kniiQist at fanginu,
pvi fastara stoQ h6n, the more Thor
exerted himself, the firmer she stood.
knyta (-tta, -ttr), v. to knit, fasten
by a knot, bind, tie (hon knytir saman
halana d nautunum) ; with dat. (skul-
um ver k. lindregii um fremra stafn) ;
impers., knytti hrygginn (ace.), the
back knotted lip, became crooked.
knyti, n. bag, purse.
knytil-skauti, m. a cloth or kerchief
knotted up (and used as a purse).
knyti-skauti, m. = knytilskauti.
knyttr, pp. knotted, crippled.
knorr (gen. knarrar, dat. knerri ;
pi. kneriir, ace. knorru), m. ship,
esp. merchant-ship, opp. to 'langskip'.
knottr (gen. knattar, dat. knetti ;
pi. kne tir, ace. knottu), m. ball;
her3a knua at knetti, to play at ball.
KODDI
[245]
KOMA
koddi, m. follow.
kofarn, n., -rakki, m. lap-dog.
kofi, m. convent cell ; hut, shed.
kofr, n. coffer (skrfn ok k.).
kofri, m. hood or bonnet of fur.
kofr-malugr, a. testy, snappish ;
-menni, n. a snappish, testy person
(-menni f skapi).
kogla (aft), v. to goggle, look askance.
kol, n. pi. coals, charcoal (svida k.).
kola, f. a small, open lamp.
kola-, gen. pi. from 'kol'; -karl,
-mat$r, m. charcoal-maker ; -meiss,
m. box for carrying coals.
kol-bitr, m. coat-eater (an idle per-
son sitting always at the fireside) ;
-blar, a. coal-black ; -brenna, f. char-
coal-making ; -grof, f. charcoal pit ;
-g0rc5, f. = -brenna.
kolla, f. (i) hind, cow ; (2) woman
(only in compds.).
kol-laupr, m. coal-box.
koll-heitS, n. bright sky overhead'.
-hetta, f., -hottr, m. a kind of round
cap (beir h6f<5u grdr -hettur).
kollottr, a. (i) without horns, polled
(aer kollott) ; (2) with shaven crown,
hairless (k. ok klasSlauss) ; having the
hair cut short.
kollr (-s, -ar), m. (i) top, summit
fa kolli fjallsins) ; (2) head, pate (beim
var sprottit hdr or kolii) ; (3) a shaven
crown (hann rakar af beim harit ok
g0rdi beim koll) ; (4) hrinda e-u um
koll, to overthrow.
koll-sveinn, m. boy with aflat cap ;
-varpa (aft), v. to overthrow ; -verpa
(see verpa), v. = -varpa.
kol-merktr, pp. jet-black (klasSi
-merkt) ; -reykr, m. smoke from burn-
ing charcoal ; -svartr, a. coal-black ;
-vic5r, m. wood for charcoal.
koma (kern ; kom or kvam, kom-
urn or kvamum ; kominn), v. (i)
to come (litlu sidarr komu Finnar aptr
heim) ; (2) to come, arrive (bref komu
fra Skula jarli) ; korn sva, at (it came
to pass, that) BarSi var heitit mey-
junni ; (3) with dat. of the object, to
make to come, to take, bring, carry,
&c. ; hann skyldi k. f>6r i GeirroSar-
garda, he should make Th. come to
G.; hann kom f>6rhaddi heilum yfir
a"na, he brought Th. safe across the
river', k. e-m i hel, to put one to
death ; k. e-m til falls, to make one
fall ; k. e-m i sastt vi6 e-n, to reconcile
one with another', k. ser vel hja e-m,
to bring oneself into favour with, be
agreeable to (f>eir komu ser vel vid
alia); k. e-u til leifiar (til vegar>, to
effect, bring about ; k. or<3um vi5 e-n,
to speak with a person (hann g0r6i
sik sva rei5an, at ekki matti orQum
vi3 hann k.) ; (4) with preps., k. e-u
af sdr, to get rid of fallt mun ek til
vinna at k. af mer ydvarri reicH); k.
e-u af, to abolish (bvi hai3i eigi or3it
af komit me5 ollu) ; k. at e-m, to come
upon one (komu J)essir at honum fyrir
Sjolandi me5 tveim skipum) ; k. at
hendi, to happen (mikill vandi er
kominn at hendi) ; impers., Gunnarr
jatadi bvi, en ba er at kom, vildi hann
eigi, G. agreed to it. but when it came
to the point he would not ; k. at e-u,
to come at, regain, recover (k. at
hamri) ; k. seV at e-u, to bring oneself
to (>. kom ser ekki at bvi) ; k. a e-t,
to come on, hit (hoggit kom a lasrit) ;
k. e-u a, to bring about, effect imattu
beir 0ngum flutningum a k. ) ; k. kristni
(dat.) a England, to christianize E. ;
k. fram, to come forth, appear, emerge
fsigldi E. suSrmed landi ok kom fram
i Danmork) ; to be produced, brought
forward (nu eru 611 irumgogn fram
komin) ; to come about, take place,
happen (nu mun bat fram k. sem ek
sa^Oa) ; k. e-u fram, to bring about^
effect (k. fram hefndum) ; k. fyrir e-t,
to be an equivalent for (fyrir vig
Hjartar skyldi k. vig Kols) ; ailt mun
k. fyrir eitt, // will all come to the
same ; k. fyrir ekki. to come to naught,
be of no avail ; e-m bykkir fyrir van
komit, at, one thinks it past all hope,
that; k. e-u fyrir, to destroy (hann
kom hverjum hesti fyrir) ; k. i c-t, to-
come into, enter; mdl koma i dom,
suits are brought up for judgement ;
k. ni6r, to come do-wn ; hann reyndi
eptir, hvar G. vaeri ni5r kominn, what
had become of G. ; kom bar ni6r tal
hennar, at hon sagSi honum, hversu,
the end of her talk was, that she told
KOMA
[246]
KONA
him how ; k. hart nidr, to pay dearly
for it (ek hafda ilia til gort, enda kom
ek hart nidr) ; k. saman, to come to-
gether, gather (er saman kom lidit) ;
to agree ; pat kom saman (or a"samt)
med peim, they agreed on it\ impers.,
kom peim vel saman (asamt), they
agreed well; k. e-u saman, to bring
about, effect ; k. saman ssettum med
e-m, to reconcile them; k. til e-s, to
come to a person or place ( jarlinnkom
me5 allan her sinn til Dyflinnar) ; k.
til rikis, to come to, or succeed to, the
throne ; k. til e-s, to cause : pat kemr
til pess, at, the reason is, that ; to
help, avail : koma til litils, to come to
little, be of small avail (= k. fyrir
litit ) ; to concern : petta ma"! kemr
ekki til pin, this quarrel is no business
of thine ; pat er til min kemr, so far
as I am concerned ; to mean, signify
(f>. kvezk skilja, hvar ord hans komu
til) ; to be of value : sverd pat, er til
kom mork gulls, that was worth a
1 mark* of gold; mikit J>ykkir til e-s
k., one is much thought of, is thought
to be of great importance ; k. til, to be
born ; k. e-m undan, to help one to es-
cape ; k. undir e-n, to come unto one ;
ef undir oss skal k. kjorit, if we are
to choose ; k. e-m undir, to get one
down, overcome one ; k. upp, to come
up ; tungl kemr upp, the moon rises ;
eldr kom upp,y?r<? broke out', kom pa
upp gratr fyrir henni, she burst into
tears', to turn up (hann kastar tening-
unum ok komu upp tvau sex) ; kom
pat upp af tali peirra, at, the end of
their talk was, that ; to come out,
become known (kom pat pa" upp, at
hann hafdi bedit hennar) ; k. e-u upp,
to open (kerling tekr hb'rpuna ok vildi
upp k.) ; hann mdtti lengi eigi ordi
upp k., it was long before he could
utter a word; k. vid e-t, to touch
{komit var vid hurdina) ; peir komu
vid sker, they struck on a reef', hann
kemr vid margar sogur, he appears in
many sagas ; to be added to (koma
paer naetr vid hinar fyrri) ; k. vid, to
fit, be convenient, suit ; k. e-u vid, to
employ, make use of (ek ma"tta eigi
boganum vid k.) ; hann kom pvi vid
(he brought about}, at ergi skyldi fara
med va"pn ; urdu peir at rlyja sem pvf
komu vid, all fled that coitld; k. s^r
vi5, to bring about, effect, be able to
do (ek mun veita pe> slikt HS sem ek
ma mer vi5 k.) ; to behave (hversu
hann kom sdr vi5 i pessum malum) ;
k. yfir, to pass over (hvert kveld, er
yfir kom) ; (5) refl., komast, to come
to the end, get through, reach (hann
komst vid sva buit i riki sitt); k. af,
to escape, save one's life (tveir drukk-
nu6u, en hinir komust af ) ; k. at e-u,
to get at a thing, procure ; eigi skaltu
ilia at k., thou shalt not get it un-
fairly ; k. a" fcetr, to get on one's legs ;
k. undan, to escape (allt pat lid, er
undan komst); k. ut, to get out\ k.
vid, to be able (brenn allt ok basl sem
pu matt vid k.) ; to be touched (hann
komst mjok vid ok felldi ta"r) ; k. vid
ve<5ri, to get abroad ^(hann let pat ekki
vid vedri k.) ; k. yfir e-t, to overcome,
get hold of (er hann komst yfir feit).
koma, f. arrival, = kvama.
kominn, pp. come ; k. af e-m, de-
scended from ; k. af ser, in a declining
state, on the decline (kristnin var mjok
sva af ser komin) ; k. at andliti,
dauda, breathing one 's last', voru peir
mjok at komnir, they were much ex-
hausted', vel (ilia) k., in good (bad)
estate; hann var vel til nams k., he
was in a good place for learning;
me'r pykkir son minn hvergi betr k.,
methinks my son is nowhere better
off, in better hands ; k. a* sik vel, in
a good state, accomplished (k. a" sik
manna bezt) ; vera d legg k., to be
grown up ; vera svd aldrs k., to be of
such an age ; hann sagdi henni, hvar
pel var komit, he told her how matters
stood; vera k. til e-s, to be entitled to
(peir, er til einskis eru komnir) ; rett
k. til konungdoms, right heir to the
kingdom.
kompana-skapr, m. companionship.
kompann, m. = kumpdnn.
kompass, m. ring, circle, compass.
komu-maftr, m. new comer, guest.
kona (gen. pi. kvenna), f. (i) woman
(var hon kvenna fridust) ; (2) wife (ek
em k. Nials).
KONAR
[247]
KOSTA-BOD
konar, gen. sing, from an obsolete
' konr ', kind ; alls k., of all kinds ;
hvers k., of every kind ; margs k., of
many kinds ; ymiss k , of sundry
kinds ; sams k., of the same kind.
konr (pi. -ir), m. poet, (i) son,
descendant, kinsman ; (2) man.
konu-bu, n. woman's estate ; -efni,
n. one's future wife, bride ; -f, n.
marriage portion ; -bar, n. woman's
hair ; -klfflfti, n. pi. woman's attire ;
-lauss, a. wifeless, widowed (ver5a
-lauss) ; -mal, n. love affair (verfia
sekr um -mal), = kvennamal ; -nam,
n. abduction of a woman.
konunga (aft), v. to address as a
king, to call by the name of king.
konunga-kyn, n. royal kin, royalty ;
-skipti, n. change of kings, succession ;
-stefna, f. meeting of kings ; -saett, f.
peace between kings ; -tal, n. series of f<-
kings ; -aett, f. = -kyn.
konung-borinn, pp., -borligr, a.
of royal birth ; -djarfr, a. speaking
boldly to kings ; -domr, m. kingdom ;
-lauss, a. kingless, without a king ;
-ligr, a. kingly, royal', -maftr, m.
royal person, king.
konungr (-s, -ar), m. king.
konung-riki, n. kingdom.
konungs-atsetr, n. hinges residence ;
-br6f, n. king's writ, warrant ; -bu,
n. royal estate ; -efni, n. future king ;
-eigur, f. pi. royal property ; -eyrendi,
n. royal errand ; -fundr, m. audience
given by a king', -gar&r, m. king's
palace ; -hofn, f. king's haven ;
-kvecSja, f. address to a king; -leyfi,
n. king's leave; -lykill, m. the king's
key axe (which opens all doors and
chests) ; munu f>eir bera -lykil at
husinu, they will break in by force;
-Ifflgi, n. king's berth ; -nafn, n. king's
title; -n&Qtotim. king's gift; -niftingr,
m. traitor to the king; -riki, n. king-
dom ; -setr, n. royal residence ;
-skruci, m. king's apparel; -ste<5i,
m. the king's stithy, the mint ; -sveit,
f. king's retinue ; -sysla, f. royal
office, district ; -saeti, n. king's seat,
residence ; -tekja, f. election of a king ;
-tign, f. royal dignity ; -vigsla, f.
coronation.
konung-aaBll, a. blessed with good
kings (hofum veV verit -saslir).
kopar-kanna, f. copper can ; -kross,
m. copper cross.
koparr, m. copper.
kopar-stika, f. copper candlestick.
koppr (-s, -ar), m. cup, small vessel.
kordunu-hosur, f . pi. hose of cordo"
van leather.
korn, n. corn, grain (]3ar var hallasri
a korni) ; oats (gefa hestum k.) ; in
pi. stores of grain (hann flutti med
ser mikil kornj.
korn-amstr, n. corn-stack ; -ar, n.
crop ; -arit brast, the crop failed.
Korn-bretar, m. pi. the Britons of
Cornwall (Kornbreta-land).
korn-frjo, n. seed-corn ; -hjalmr, m.
corn-stack ; -hlatSa, f. barn ; -kaup,
n. purchase of corn ; -kippa, f. basket
f or seed-corn ; -sala, f. sale of corn ;
-skreppa, f. corn-bag.
kornskurt5ar-mat5r, m. shearer,
reaper; -manaftr, m. shearing month.
korn-skurftr, m. shearing, reaping ;
-vist, f. stores of corn.
korpr, m. raven, = hrafn.
kos-eyrir, m. choice things.
kosning, f., kosningr, m. election.
koss (pi. kossar), m. kiss.
koss-mildr, a. fond of kissing.
kosta (aft), v. (i) to try, with gen. ;
k. afls, magns, to try (put forth) one's
strength ; k. mans, to fall in love ;
B. {mrfti alls at k., B. had to exert all
his strength ; k. kapps, to strive hard ;
(2) to exert oneself, strive, with infin.
(i bvi, er hann kostar upp at risa) ;
kostit svd keppa, at Gudrun klokkvi,
do your best to draw tears from G.;
(3) to injure, Jmrt (basSi var kostat
hold hans ok bein) ; impers., >at fall
var sva mikit, at kostatH lasrlegg hans,
that his thigh-bone was hurt; (4) k.
e-n mikit, litit, to cost one much, little ;
impers., kostar e-n e-t, // costs one so
and so much, with the price in gen.
(kostar pik pat nokkurs), or ace. (einn
riddara kostar atta merkr gulls sinn
bunad) ; (5) to defray the expenses of
(bat bod kostadi Unnr) ; f>u he fir
kostat oss, thou hast entertained us.
kosta-, gen. pi. from 'kostr'; -
KOSTA-LAUSS
[248J
K6R6NA
n. favourable choice ; -lauss, a. =
-vanr ; -mikill, a.. good, fine, valuable ;
-munr, m. difference in quality (eigi
er -munr meQ ykkr).
kostan, f. ( I j pains, effort (lagSi k.
ok stund d. at fremja kristni) ; (2)
temptation (k. fj^ndans).
kosta-vandr, a. fastidious ; -vanr,
a. cheerless.
liost-goSr, a. of good quality ; -gripr,
m. costly thing, choice thitig; -gfflfa
(-(5a, -Sr), v. (i) /<? push on with a
thing', -gaefa eptirforina, to press the
pursuit hard ; (2) with in tin., to strive,
take pains (f>. kostgasfSi svd mjok
at hjalpa foruneyti sinu) ; -gaef (5, f.,
-gaefi, n. and f. painstaking, care ;
me6 6'llu -gaefi, with all diligence ;
-gsefliga, adv. with pains, diligently ;
-gsefligr, a., -gsefr, a. painstaking,
diligent.
kostigr, a. of good qiiality, choice.
kost-illr, a. of mean quality, poor ;
-lauss, a. of no use, lad ; -ligr, a.
desirable, advantageous ; -mo^r, a.
heavy with food.
kostnatSar-mikill, -samr, a. 2/<?ry
costly, expensive.
kostnaftr (gen. -ar), m. (i) cost,
expense ; (2) maintenance, living.
kostr (-ar, pi. -ir, ace. -i or -u), m.
(i) choice, alternative (hann sa" engan
sinn kost annan) ; mun ek engan kost
d g0ra, / will give no choice in the
matter ; (2) choice, terms (hvern kost
vili peVnu g0ra Ingjaldi) ; hugsat hefi
ek kostinn, / have thought over the
terms', (3) choice, chance, opportunity ;
k. er e-s, there is a chance (>at er
hverjum manni bo8it at leita ser lifs,
medan k. er) ; eiga e-s kost, to have
a choice 0/"(eiga slikra manna kost) ;
eiga alls kosti vid e-n, to have one
altogether in one's power', (4) match
(Sigriftr het dottir bans ok J)6tti beztr
k. d Halogalandi) ; hann spyrr, hverr
eigi a3 rdda fyrir kosti hennar, who
was to give her away ; (5) state,
condition ; sja" fyrir sinum kosti, to
take care of oneself ; siflan let Simon
varoWeita kost hennar, look after Jier
affairs ; (6 > cost, expense, = kostnadr
(t>at skip hofdu bcejarmenn latit g0ra
af sinum kosti) ; (7) means, victuals,
provisions (baud hann Oddi alia kosti
me5 s<r) ; (8) food (bat var si5r at
fcera konum J)eim kost, er a sasng
hvildu) ; (9) board (ba band Ketill fe
fyrir kost hennar); (10) stores, goods
(tvau skip hladin vaenum kosti) ; (n)
good quality, good things ; segja kost
ok lost d e-u, to tell both the good and
the bad of a thing \ faer pu fatt af mer
fridra kosta, thou shalt get little good
from me-, (12) virtue, opp. to 'lostr* ;
(13) adverb, usages, f>at er til kostar,
ef, // is well done, if; at J)eim kosti,
on that co?idition ; at o6rum kosti,
else, otherwise ; at siQasta, efsta kosti,
in the last instance, last emergency ;
alls kostar, quite, in every respect ;
eigi eins kostar, not very, not pecu-
liarly ; annars kostar, as foi the rest
nokkurs kostar, in any wise ; J)ess
kostar, in this case, thus.
kostu-ligr, a. costly, excellent (hann
belt eina -liga veizlu).
kost- van dr, a. fastidious.
kot, n. cottage, small farm, hut.
kot-bondi, m. cotter ; -boar, m. =
kot ; -karl, m. cotter, cottager.
kotkarls-son, m. churl's son.
kot-lifi, n. humble life ; -mannliga,
adv. meanly, in a beggarly way.
kotungr (-s, -ar), m. = kotkarl.
kof, n. thick vapour, steam.
kof-vi(5ri, m. thick fall of snow.
kolfr (-s, -ar), m. ( i ) clapper, tongue
of a bell ; ( 2) a kind of boit ; sva" skjott
(snart) sem kolfi skjoti (skyti), swift
as an a?-row.
kolf-skot, n. bolt-shot.
kolga, f. poet, wave, billow.
kolna (a<5), v. to become cold (veSrit
kolnar) ; inviers.,e-m kolnar, one gets
cold (oss kolnar d knjdnum).
kolnan, f. cooling down, getting
colder (J)d er solargangr i k.).
kong-, see ' konung-'.
kongr (-s, -ar), m. = konungr.
kopa (-ta, -t), v. to stare, gape.
kor-bok, f. choir-book, hymn-book;
-dyrr, f. pi. choir-door; -kapa, f.
cho. r-cope.
korona, f. crown, = kruna.
korona (atS), v. to crown, = kruna.
K6R-PRESTR
[249]
KRINGL6TTR
kor-prestr, m. choir-priest.
korr (gen. kors), rn. choir, chancel.
kors-br6(5ir, m. canon, = kanukr.
kor-smiS, f. building of a choir ;
bill, n. panel of the choir.
krabba-mark, -merki, n. the zodia-
cal sign Cancer.
krabbi, m. a crab (k. gengr ofugr
longum).
krafa, f. claim, demand.
krafla (aft), v. to make (slight) flaw-
ing movements with the hands.
krafsa (atS), v. to paw, scrape, or
scratch with the feet (uxinn krafsadi
sem hross).
kraka (at5), v. (i) to furnish with
pales ; (2) to grip the bottom (t6ku bd.
akkerin at k.) ; (3) k. e-t upp, to fetch
i^P from the bottom (krokudu beir hann
upp ok fluttu til lands).
kraki, m. (l) pale, stake; (2) thin
pole ; (3) a kind of drag or boat-hook.
krak-ligr, a. slender, thin and weak.
krammr, a. half thawed (k. snjor).
kranga (acS), v. to creep along.
krangr, a. weak, frail.
krank-domr, m., -doemi, n. ailing,
illness ; -leikr, m. = -domr.
krankr, a. (i) ill, sick; me'r er
krankt, 2 am ill ; (2) sore, distressing.
krap, n. half thawed snow, slush.
krapa-drifa, f. shower of sleet ;
-f5r, f. drift of thawed ice (in a river).
krapi, m. = krap.
krappa-rum, n. ' strait-room ' (a
place before a ship's Mypting').
krappr, a. (i) strait, narrow (kropp
leid) ; koma i krappan sta5, to get
into straits ; (2) sharp, crafty (kropp
var Gudrtin).
krapta-, gen. pi. from ' kraptr ' ;
Ian, n. gift of strength (power) ;
-lifnatSr, m., -lif, n. virtuous life ;
-litill, a. weak, wanting strength ;
-maftr, m. strong (virtuous] man ;
-mikill, a. strong.
^*
krapt-auoigr, a. (i) very powerful ;
(2) highly virtuous.
kraptr (-s, -ar), m. (i) might,
strength, power ; med ollum krapti,
with might and main ; (2) -virtue ;
(3) superhuman being, angel.
kra, f. nook, corner.
kraka, f. crow (galandi k.).
krakr, m. crow or raven.
kraku-skel, f. mussel; -stigr, m.
1 crow-path', crooked w>,y, zigzag;
-ungi, iri.yoting crow.
kras, f. dainty (dyrdligar kr^sir).
kredda, f. creed (Lat. credo)
krefja (kref, kraf (5a, kraffrr and
krafinn), v. to crave, demand, claim
(k. e-n e-s) ; k. e-n mdls, orfla, 10 ask
speech of one (engi bor5i at k. hann
orda) ; hann kraffii dura, he asked to
be let in, knocked at the door; refl.,
krefjast, to claim, with gen. (krafSist
HdvarSr torfunnar).
kregt5, f. pining away, a nickname.
kreista (-sta, -str), v. to squeeze ',
press ; fig. to force, compel.
kreisting, f. squeezing, pressing.
krellr, m. pith, spirit, hardihood
(engi krellr er i y3r).
kremja (krem, kramda, kramicSr,
kraradr, or kraminn), v. to sqiieeze
(hann kramdi hold af beinum) ; refl.,
kremjast, to be pinched, pine (from a
wasting sickness).
krenkja (-ta, -tr), v. to make sick.
kreppa (-ta, -tr), v. to squeeze,
press ; k. at e-m, to press hard on one
(krepptu beir svd hart at >orgrimi, at
hann) ; iinpers., e-n kreppir, one be-
comes crippled ; krepptr, crippled (lion
var kreppt 611, svd at baSir fcetr Idgu
bjugir v:Q knen).
kreppa, krepping, f. strait, scrape
(koma \ kreppu).
kreppingr, m. handful (hafa krepp-
ing fullan).
kretta (pret. kratt), v. to murtmir,
complain (engi borSi um at kretta).
krikta (-kta, -kt), v. = kretta (beir
boldu ilia, ok kriktu um).
kring, adv. round; ganga 1 hring
ok i kring, all around, round and
round-, \ kring um, arotind, with ace.
(bu skalt roa \ kring um skutuna).
krmgja (-da, -dr), v. (i) to encircle,
surround (Birkibeinar kringdu baeinn
begar) ; usually with prep. ' um ' (beir
knngdu um kirkjuna) ; (2) to go round
(kringiS um borgina).
kringla, f. disk, circle, orb.
kringlottr, a. round, circular.
KBINGLU-SKURBR
[250]
KRCEKJA
kringlu-skurc5r, m. tonsure ; -sott,
f. the staggers (in sheep).
kringr, a. easy ; svd var honum k.
skdldskapr sem oflrum monnum mal
sitt, verse-making was as easy to him
as speaking to other men.
krisma (atS), v. to anoint.
krisma, n., krismi, m. chrism.
krismu-ker, n. chrismatory.
Krist-f, n. 'Christ-fee' (property
given for the support of the poor).
kristi-liga, adv. in a Christian-like
way ; -ligr, a. Christian(like}.
kristin-domr, m, Christendom,
Christianity (also 'kristinn domr').
kristinn, a. Christian ; kristin log,
ecclesiastical law.
Kriat-matSr, m. champion of Christ.
kristna (aft), v. (i) to christianize;
(2) to christen, baptize.
kristni, f. Christianity, Christendom.
kristni-bocs n., -botfan, {.preaching
the Gospel; -hald, n. keeping Christian-
ity ; -log, n. pi. = kristin log; -spell,
n. breach, profanation of Christianity.
Kristr (gen. Krists), m. Christ.
krikar, m. pi. groin.
krjupa (kryp ; kraup, krupum ;
kropinn), v. (i) to creep, crouch (voru
dyrnar sva* Mgar, at naer var6 at k.
inn) ; (2) to fall prostrate, kveel (p
er ve> krjupum til hans med i5ran).
krof, n. cut-up carcase of a slaugh-
tered animal (cf. sauSarkrof).
kropna (aft), v. (i) to be crippled;
(2) to be clenched, stiffened (var hondin
kropnud at brefinu).
kropning, f. kneeling,
kroppa (a$), v. to crop, pick.
kroppin-bakr, m. hump-back.
kroppr (-s, -ar), m. the body, trunk
(kroppr arnarins).
kross (pi. -ar),m. (i) cross, crucifix;
(2) sign of the cross ; i k. , cross-wise,
in the form of a cross (leggja hendr
f k ; r&ta sik \ k.).
krossa (atS), v. to mark with a cross ;
refl., krossast, to take the cross (as a
crusader).
krossa-laust, adv. without making
the sign of the cross.
krossan, f. taking the cross.
kross-festa (-sta, -str), v. to fasten
to the cross, crucify ; -festing, f.
crucifixion ; -hus, n. house containing
a cross; -mat5r, m. warrior of the
cross; -mark, n. sign of the cross;
-messa, f. Cross-mass, twice a year,
in the spring (-messa um vdrit), the
3rd of May, Invention of the Cross,
and in autumn, the I4th of Sept.,
Elevation of the Cross ; -tiftir, f. pi.
Hours of the Cross.
kroka-spjot, n. barbed spear.
krok-faldr, m. a form of women's
head-dress ; -fjoftr, f. barbed head of
a spear ; -lykill, m. hook-shaped key.
krokottr, a. (i) crooked, winding;
krokott a, winding river ; (2) cun-
ning, crafty.
krok-pallr, m. corner seat.
krokr (-s, -ar), m. (i]hook (nef hans
var mikit ok krokr a") ; (2) barb, on a
spear or arrow-head (cf. krokaspjot,
krokor) ; (3) peg (peir toku reip ofan
or krokum) ; (4) afire-hook; (5) curve,
bend, winding; rista krok, not to go
straight ; g0ra ser kroka, to make a
detour; (6) corner (nu gangit per f
krokinn hja misinu).
krok-stafr, m. crooked stick.
krok-6r, f. barbed arrow.
krumma, f. clownish hand, paw.
krummi, m. a pet name of a raven.
kruna, f. (i) crown ; (2) shaven
crown, tonsure.
kruna (a$), v. to crown.
krydd, n. spice.
kryfja (kryf, kruf $a, krufftr and
krufinn), v. to open up, disembowel
(pa krufQi hann hana sinn).
krymma, f. = krumma.
kryppa, f. hump, himch.
kryppill, krypplingr, m. cripple.
krysja (krus+a), v. to crouch, linger.
krytja (krutta, krutt), v. to mur-
mur, grumble (k. um e-t).
krytr, m. noise, murmur.
kraeki-ber, n. crow berry.
krsBsast (t), v. to fare sumptuously.
kroekill, m. = krokstafr.
kroskja (-ta, -tr), v. (i) to hook, with
dat. (hann kroekti handarstufinum i
kistuhringana) ; kroekt er saman bein-
um i per, thy bones are hooked together,
i. e. badly knit ; (2) to grasp (drag)
KROF
[251]
KUNN-LEIKR
with a hook, with ace. (f>. krcekti
mann Sturlu at ser me5 0xinni) ; (3)
to go in circuits, in windings (fjorflrinn
krcekti ymsa vegu inn i landit) ; (4)
vera inni kroektr, to be shut in.
krof (gen. krafar, pi. krafir), f.
claim, demand.
krom. (gen. kramar; pi. kramar),
f. long or wasting illness.
krdptugr, a. strong, vigorous.
krdpturligan, adv. with might and
main (roa k., viz. r65r).
kufl, m. cowl, cowled cloak ; -hottr,
m. cowl ; -matSr, m. cowl-man.
kuflungr (-s, -ar), m. cowl-man.
kuggr (-s, -ar), m. large (foreign)
merchant-ship, ' cog\
kukl, n. juggling, sorcery.
kuklara-skapr, m. = kukl.
kuklari, m. juggler, wizard.
kul, n. breeze (tagrt k.).
kulda-samr, a. cold, chilly ; -vatn,
n. cold water ; -veftr, n. cold weather.
kuldi, m. (i) cold', pi. kuldar, con-
tinued cold weather (vciru frost mikil
ok kuldar) ; (2 ) fig. coldness, frigidity
(kenna kulda af e-m).
kult, n. quilt, counterpane.
kul-viss, a. sensitive to cold.
kumbl, kuml, n. (i) mark, sign,
badge ; (2 1 sepulcliral monument,
cairn (pau liggja basSi i kumli).
kumbla, kumla (a<5), v. to bntise,
wound (sarr ok kumlaSr).
kumbl a-smitSr, m. * wound-maker ',
warrior, hero (poet.).
kumbl-bui, m. cairn-dweller.
kumbl-dys, f. little cairn.
kumpdnn (-s, -ar), m. (i) fellow,
companion ; (2) the male organ.
kumpass, m. = kompa'ss.
kunna (kann, kunna, kunnat), v.
(1) to know, understand (pu kannt
margt pat er eigi kunnu afirir menn) ;
(2) to know (by memory) ; Ijod ek pau
kann, er kannat pjoSans kona, I know
songs, such as no king's daughter
knows; (3) to know a person; unni
honum hverr maSr, er hann (ace.)
kunni, every man that knew him loved
him ; (4) spec, phrases ; k. hof at um
e-t, k. hof sitt, to know the proper
mean, to behave with moderation ;
uxarnir kunnu po heim, the oxen found
their way home ; k. enga mannraun,
to have no experience of men ; k. e-m
pokk, aufusu, to be thankful, obligea
to one 15) k. sik, to kno%u oneself '(sa
er svinnr, er sik kann) ; to behave
well (G. kvedst mundu meida hann,
ef hann kynni sik eigi) ; (6) k. se"r e-t,
to understand, have clear knowledge
^/"(something as concerning oneself or
touching one's own interest) ; k. ser
margt, to be skilled in many things ;
k. fyrir ser = k. ser ; also ellipt. to
know how to conduct oneself', (7)
with dat. to know ; ek kann skapi
Gunnhildar, I know Gunhild's temper ;
(8) k. e-n e-s or um e-t, to blame a
person for a thing (eigi hugda ek, at
hann mastti mik pessa k.) ; eigi er
hann um pat at k., he is not to be
blamed for it ; (9) to be pleased or not
with a thing', Eyjulfr lezt pvi nafni
mundu vel k., E. said he should be
well pleased with that name ; (id] to
be able, with infin. ; pu skalt eigi k.
fra" tiSindum at segja, thou shalt not
escape to tell the tale ; ( 1 1 ) to chance,
happe?i ; hvar sem pik kann at at
bera, wheresoever thou may happen to
arrive.
kunnandi, pr. p. knowing (margs k.).
kunnandi, f. knowledge, accomplish-
ments (nokkurs konar list e8a k.).
kunnasta, f., kunnatta, f. know-
ledge ; magical lore.
kunnattu-leysi, n. ignorance ; -lit-
ill, a. ignorant.
kunn-g0ra (see g0ra), v. to make
known (=g0ra kunnigt).
kunnigr, a. ( I ) known ; g0ra kunnigt,
to make known ; mer er kunnigt um
e-t, / know, have knowledge of', (2)
versed in magic art, = fjolkunnigr ;
(3) akin to (ds-, alf-, go5-kunnigr).
kunningi (pi. -jar), m. acquaintance
(vinir ok kunningjar).
kunn-kona, f. Jemale acquaintance ;
-leiki, m., -leikr, m. (i) knowledge,
intelligence ; g0ra e-m e-t i -leika, to
inform a person of ; e-m er -leiki a*
e-u, e-t er e-m i kunnleika, one knows,
is acquainted with; (2) intimacy,
familiarity (-leikar eru me6 peim, i
KUNN-LIGA
[252]
KVEDA
milli peirra) ; -liga, adv. familiarly ',
intimately (kveSjast -liga) ; -matSr,
m. = kunningi.
kunnr, a. (i) known (pdr munu
kunnar leidir) ; k. at e-u, known for
something (pu ert k. at drengskap) ;
(2) familiar ; peir voru mjok kunnir
dSr, intimate friends.
kurfl, n. cuttings of wood.
kurfia (aft), v. to chop (wood).
kurfr (-s, -ar), m. chip, cut-off piece.
kurr, m. (i) murmur, grumbling
(of a number of persons) ; (2) ru-
mour (spur6ist pessi k. i Vindland).
kurra (atS), v. to murmur, grumble
(kurruQu bcendr mjok).
kurr-hugi, m. low spirits ; vera f
-huga, to be anxious, concerned.
kurteisi, f. courtesy, good manners,
chivalry (hann let kenna honum alls
konar k.).
kurteis-liga, adv. (i) courteously,
gracefully (heilsa -liga) ; (2) with
dignity, nobly (bar hann sva" -liga sinn
harm) ; -ligr, a. courteous, graceful.
kurteiss, a. cotirteous, well-bred
(vasn kona ok kurteis) ; hann var litill
vexti, en po k., he was small of stature,
but yet elegant.
kufottr, a. convex (kufott hvel).
kufungr (-s, -ar), m. sea snail.
kuga (aft), v. to cow, force, tyrannize
over (ek man ekki k. hann til nokk-
urra hluta) ; k. e-t at" e-m, to press
out of one ; Idta kugast, to let oneself
be cowed into submission.
kugan, f. oppression, use of force
(haffiu k. vi5 pa uppi viS fjollin).
ku-gildi, n. cows value, = kyrlag ;
-gildr, a. of a cow's value.
kula, f. knob, boss, ball.
kulu-bakr, m. humpback.
kiir-hugi, m. = kurr-hugi.
kvafta, f. request, claim, demand.
kvaSning, f. (i) greeting, saluta-
tion ; (2) request, demand.
kvaka (atS), v. to twitter, chirp.
kvak-samr, a. whin:ng, querulous.
kvala-, gen. pi. from 'kvol '; -lauss,
a. without torments ; -maSr, m. =
kvalari ; -statSr, m. place of torment.
kvalari, m. tormentor.
i, n. torture, torments.
kval-samligr, a. tormenting.
kvanta (atS), v. to molest, injure.
kvantr, m. loss, damage.
kvartSi, m. yard-wand.
kvarta (ac5), v. to complain ; k. um
e-t, to complain of a thing.
kvartsarar, a. given to complaining.
kvama, f. arrival, = koma.
kvan, f. wife (He6ins k.).
kvanar-efni, n. one's future wife ;
-mundr, m. a sum paid by a man for
his wife.
kvan-boenir, f. pi. wooing', -fang,
n. taking a wife ; marriage ; match
(gott -fang), wife.
kvanga (a<5), v. to make a man
marry ; kvdngaSr, married ; refl.,
kvdngast, to marry, take a wife.
kvangan, f. the taking of a wife.
kvan-lauss, a. wifeless, unmarried,
widowed; -riki, n. the domineering
of a wife ; hafa -riki, to be hen-pecked.
kvara (atS), v. to rattle.
kvatra, f. a kind of backgammon.
kvec5a (kveft ; kva<5, kvaftum ;
kvetSinn), v. (i) to say, utter', hann
kva3 eigi or5, he did not titter a word',
k. gle5i-or5, to say a cheerful word ;
with infin., hann kvad pat satt vera,
he said it was true ; k. at or6M, to
express oneself, say, speak', (2) to
(compose and} say aloud (hann kvad
visu) ; to recite, repeat (S. bad hann
{> k. kvseSit pat, er hann hafcH
ort) ; (31 with preps., k. at, to say,
state\ gramm. to pronounce, sound',
k. e-t at e-m, to inflict on ; mikill
harmr er at oss kvtbirui, great grief
has been sent on tts\ k. a, to fix, deter-
mine (k. a" stefnudag) ; impers. to
state ; kvedr par skyrt a" petta, it is
there expressly stated', to cancel, object
to (k. a gogn, to cancel the evidence) ;
to make up one's mind, resolve ; k. e-t
upp, to recite, declare (pat skulu log
vera, sem hann kve5r upp); k. viS,
to reply, answer (\\\\.\a\ hann veit, hvat
hann skal vi<5 k., ef) ; to utter a cry,
&c. (hundrinn kva6 vid hatt) ; to
sound (pvi naest kva6 Iu5r vi3) ; (4)
refl., kve6ast, to say of oneself-, peir
er biskupar kvdSust vera, who said
they were bishops ; hann kveSst eigi
KVEBANDI
ri5a mundu, he said he would not ride ;
impers., mer kvedsk = ek kved me'r ;
Kdra kvadsk ( = Kdri kvaQ ser) onnur
fer6 betri pykkja, K. said he thought
another course preferable ; kveQast at,
to exchange verses or songs.
kveftandi, f. (i) recitation, chanting
or singing (fogr var su k. at heyra) ;
(2) rhythm, flow of a verse (po fegra
pser mjok i k.).
kvefcja (kvet5, kvaddi, kvaddr), v.
(1) to call on, summon (|>6rvaldr
kvaddi hiiskarla sfna) ; k. e-n e-s, to
request (demand) of one; k. matar,
svefns, to call for food, sleep ; k. ser
hlj66s, to call for a hearing', k. pings,
to convoke a meeting ; k. e-n e-s, to
call on, summon, one to do something
(voru ve'r kvaddir at bera vitni pat) ;
(2) to welcome, greet (peir kvoddu
konung) ; of one departing, to bid
farewell, take leave ^/"(hann gengrnu
i brott ok kveflr engan mann); refl.,
kvefijast, to greet one another (peir
kvoddust vel) ; (3) with preps., k. e-n
at e-u, to call on a person to r'o a
thing, call Jus attention to (pik kveQ
ek at pessu) ; k. e-n fra" e-u, to exclude
from, deprive of (ek hen" opt menn
fra asfi kvadda, er eigi vildu hlycSa
niinum bodum) ; k. e-n til e-s, to call
on one for a tiling (k. menn til fercSar) ;
k. e-n upp, to call on one to rise (siflan
vaknadi Haraldr ok kvaddi upp menn
sina) ; to summon to arms ; si'San
safnadi hann Ii3i ok kveQr upp al-
menning, after that he gathered men
and roused the whole country ; k. e-n
ut, to call one out oj the house (hann
kvaddi ut Hoskuld ok Hriit).
kvetSja, f. welcome, greeting, saluta-
tion (konungr tok kvedju hans).
kve^ju-bocS, n., -sending, f. greet-
ing from one absent, compliments.
kve(5-skapr, m. poetry^ verse-
making (g63r, illr, -skapr).
kve^a (kvaf (Sa\ v. = kefja.
kveif, f. coif, cap, esp. mitre.
kveiking, if. kindling.
kveikja (-ta, -tr), v. (i) to light,
kindle ; k. eld, Ijos, to kindle a fire,
light ; (2) fig. to arouse, give rise to
(k. sorg, harm, fjandskap).
KVENNA-SIBR
kveikja, f. kindling (ofundar k.).
kveikr, m. wick of a lamp.
kvein, n. wailing, lamentation.
kveina (a(5), v. to wail, lament ; k.
um e-t, to complain of (er her kveinat
um eldividarfasd).
kvein an, f. wailing.
kveinka (ac$), v. to complain.
kveinkan, f. lamentation.
kvein-sa T rligr, a. doleful', -stafir,
m.pl. wail ings, lamentations.
kveisa, f. whitlow, boil (hann hefir
kveisu mikla i foetinum).
kveisu-nagli, m. the core of a boil.
kveld, n. evening', at kveldi (dags),
at eventide ; i k., to-night ; a kveldit,
d kveldum, of an evening, in the even-
ings ; um kveldit, in the evening, that
evening.
kvelda (ac5), v. impers., kveldar or
daginn tekr at k., evening draws near.
kveld-langt, adv. all the evening
(drekka -langt) ; -ligr, a. pertaining
to evening', -mal, n . eventide ; -mal-
tit5, f. supper-, -rifta, f. night-hag,
witch (riding on wolves in the twi-
light); -set a, f. sitting up late; -sveefr,
a. inclined to sleep in the evening,
opp. to ' morgunsvaefr ' ; -songr, m.
evensong, vespers (eptir kveldsong um
aptaninn) ; -timi, m. eventide.
kvelja (kvel, kvalda, kvaldr and
kvalinn), v. to torment, torture ; refl.,
kveljast, to be tormented (k. i vesold).
kveljari, m. tormentor.
kvelling, f. ailment, ailing.
kvellinga-samr, a. ailing,
kvelli-sjukr, a. ailing, sickly (ekki
hefi ek verit -sjukr); -sott, f. = kvell-
ing (engar hefi tk -sottarj.
kvendi, n. woman, pi. womankind.
kvenna-, gen. pi. from ' kona ' ; -ast,
f. women's love; -bunatSr, m. women 's
attire ; -far, n. love affairs ; -folk, n.
women-folk ; -fritSr, m. immunity of
women ; -grift, n. = -friSr ; -hjal, n.
women* s gossip ; -bus, n. lady's bower ;
-kla9C$na(5r, m. female dress ; -Ii5, n.
women-folk ; -matSr, m. one fond of
women ; -mal. n. pi. love matters ;
-munr, m. distinction of women ;
-nam, n. abduction, r(ipe ; -raft, n.pl.
women's counsel; -sitSr, m. habits of
KVENNA-SKAP
[254]
KVIKR
women; -skap, n. women's temper;
-skali, m. women 's apartment; -skip-
an, f. placing of the ladies (at a ban-
quet) ; -sveit, f. bevy of women ;
-vagn, m. the Lesser Bear (Ursa
Minor) ; -vist, f. women's abode.
kvenn-borinn, pp. cognate ; -bun-
atSr, m. women's dress ; -dyr, n.
female beast ; -folk, n. women-folk ;
-fugl, m. hen bird; -hallr, a. inclined
to love, amorous ; -kenna (-da, -dr),
v. to address as a woman ; -kenndr,
pp. feminine; -kleecSi, n. pi. women's
dress ; -kne, n. cognate lineage ; fe-
male degree of kin ; -kostr, m. good
match (of a woman) ; -kyn, n. female
sex ; -kyrtill, m. woman's kirtle ;
-leggr, m. kindred on tJie woman's
side, the cognates ; -liga, adv., -ligr, a.
womanly, womanlike ; -list, {.female
skill; -rna$r, m. woman, opp. to
' karlmaSr ' ; -mannligr, a. woman-
like ; -nytr, a. able to procreate ;
-samliga, adv. lasciviously (masla kv.
vi5 konu) ; -samr, a. amorous ; -semi,
f. amorousness ; -sift, adv. on the
female side ; -skikkja, f. woman's
cloak ; -skratti, m . wicked woman,
termagant ; -skrucSi, m. women's
attire ; -skygn, a. looking after
women ; -skorungr, m. great (stately}
lady; -styrkr, a. strong enough for a
woman ; -svift, adv. = -sift ; -soSull,
m. woman's saddle, side-saddle ;
-umagi, m. female pauper ; -va(5ir,
f. pi. woman s dress, female attire ;
-velar, f. pi. woman's wiles.
kvenska, f. womanhood, chastity.
kver, n. sheet (folded in a book).
kverk (pi. kverkr), f. (i) the angle
below the chin (hann tok undir kverkina
ok kyssti hana) ; fig. the inner angle
of an axe-head (undir k. 0xinni) ; (2)
in pi. throat (konungr for hondum
um kverkr sveininum).
kverka-mein, n. bronchitis ; -sott,
f. throat disease; -sullr, m. boil in
the throat, quinsy.
kverk-band, n. string of a cap or
hood, going under the chin.
kvern (pi. -ir), f. (i) quern-stone,
millstone ; (2) quern, handmill (par
sat kona vi5 k.).
kvernar-auga, n. the eye or hole of
a mill-stone.
kvern-steinn, m. quern-stone, mill-
stone (hjo hann -stein til augans).
kveyking, kveykja, see ' kveiking,
kveikja '.
kvioa, f. narrative poem, ballad.
kvi(5ar-girnd, f. gluttony.
kvi(5-biirt$i% m. verdict, or delivery
of the verdict, of neighbours.
kviftja (ac5), v. to forbid (k. e-m e-t) ;
refL, kvidjast e-t, to decline, shim.
kvitSlingr (-s, -ar), m. ditty.
kvicS-rnaftr, m. ' inquest-man', juror.
kvicSr (-ar ; pi. -ir, ace. -u), m. (i)
verdict (of neighbours) ; bera kvi5
um e-t, to give a verdict in a case ;
bera kvi5 d e-n, i mod e-m (af
e-m), to give a verdict against (for,
in favour of] one ; (2) inquest, jury ;
kveoj'a e-n kvidar, to call (a neighbour)
on an inquest ; ryQja kviSinn, bj66a
til ruSningar um kvidinn, to challenge
the jury ; (3) saying, word; k. norna,
the decree of the Fates (kveld lifir
ma6r ekki eptir kvid norna).
kviSr (-ar ; pi. -ir, ace. -u), m.
(i) belly, abdomen ; (2) womb.
kvitS-sott, f. colic ; -sullr, m. boil on
the stomach.
kvic^ugr, a. pregnant.
kviSu-hattr, m. a kind of metre.
kvi(5-proti, m. swelling of the
stomach ; -verkr, m. belly-ache.
kvika, f. (i) the quick (under the
nail or under a horse's hoof) ; (2)
running fluid ; yeast ; (3) k. i nb'sum,
polypus in the nostrils (?).
kvik-fe, n., -fenaSr, m. live stocky
cattle (pu skalt njota kvikfjdr pins).
kvikindi, n. = kykvendi.
kvik-latr, a. quick, lively ; -liga,
adv. briskly ; -ligr, a. brisk, lively.
kvikna (a&), v. (i ) to quicken, come
to life (dvergar hofcki kviknat i mold-
unni, sva sem maQkar \ holdi) ; (2)
to be kindled (eldr kviknarj ; treit
kviknadi, the tree took fire ; (3) to
revive, get fresh spirit (pa kviknafii
hestr hans, er fyrr var modr).
kviknan, f. quickening.
kvikr (ace. -van), a. (i) quick, alive,
living (yfir pa* gotu na"<3i engi k. kom-
KVIK-SETJA
[255]
KYNDILL
ast) ; skera e-n kvikvan, to dissect
alive\ (2) lively, glad (sva" verSr
herrinn k. vi6 penna kvitt, at).
kvik-setja (see setja), v. to bury
alive (harm let kviksetja sik) ; -silfr,
n. quicksilver, mercury.
kviku-dropi, m. drop of a fluid.
kvikva, f. = kvika.
kvikva-voftvi, m. the calf of the leg.
kvikvendi, n. a living creature ;
in pi. animals, beasts, as opp. to men
(menninir ok kykvendin).
kvinna, f. woman, = kona.
kvis, n. rumour, tattle.
kvisa (a (5), v. to gossip, whisper.
kvista (a$), v. (i) to lop off, cut the
branches of '(k. lim, trd) ; J>eirkvistu<3u
t>ar bal mikit, they cut wood for a
large fire ; (2) to cut down (k. menn
ni6r sem hraviSi).
kvistr (-ar ; pi. -ir, ace. -u), m.
twig, branch ; stroke in a letter.
kvist-skcetSr, a. branch-scathing.
kvitta (ac$), v. to rumour, report.
kvittr (pi. -ir, ace. -u), m. loose
rumour, report (sog5u af >vi slikan
kvitt, sem J>eir hofdu heyrt) ; Ijosta
upp kvitt, to spread reports.
kvittr, a. quit, acquitted (k. um e-t).
kvittsamr, a. ready to believe (or
repeat] idle rumours.
kvi (pi. -ar), f. (i) fold, pen (reka f
\ kviar) ; (2) a lane of men gradually
narrowing (also in pi.).
kvia (atS), v. to pen, hem in, enclose.
kvia-dyrr, f. pi. gate of a fold',
-garSr, m. pen-wall.
kvitSa (-dda, -tt), v. to feel appre-
hension for (k. e-u or vi8 e-u).
kvicSa, f. apprehension, anxiety.
kvit$-bj6(5r, m. dismal foreboding.
kvitSi, m. = kvi6a (hvarki er J>at
sedra ne kvi5i).
kvit5inn, a. anxious, timid, con-
cerned (cf. ' kdtr ok okviQinn ').
kvitSu-staSr, m. cause of fear.
kviga (gen. pi. kvigna), {.young cow,
heifer; kvigendi, n. = kviga; kvigr,
m. young bullock.
kvisl (pi. -ir), f. (i) branch (of a
tree); (2}fork\ ($)fork of a river;
(4) pedigree of a family.
kvisla (at5), v. to branch out ; refl.,
Icvislast = kvisla (of a tree, lineage,
river, etc.).
kvisla-tr6, K.. forked tree.
kvialottr, a. branched, branchy.
kvora (atS), v. = kvdra.
kvaBtSa-fro^r, a. knowing many
songs or poems by heart.
kvfflft', n. poem, song (yrkja k.).
kvsetSis-laun, n. pi. reward for a
poem; -mynd, i.form of a poem.
kvffifa (-cSa, -Sr), v. = kcefa.
kveekla (atS), v. = kvaka.
kvaemt, a. n. free (for one) to come
(er engum y6rum manni k. i Noreg).
kveen, f. = kvan.
kvsena (-da, -dr), v. to make one
marry ; refl., kvaenast, to take a wife.
kvaendr, kvaentr, pp. married (of
a man) , = kvanga5r.
kvasning, f. taking a wife, marriage.
kvot$ (gen. kvatSar, pi. kvacSar), f.
(i) claim; (2) summoning of neigh-
bours (= buakvoQ) ; (3) the body of
neighbours.
kvol (gen. kvalar, pi. kvalar), .
torment, torture.
kykr, a. = kvikr.
kykvendi, n. = kvikvendi.
kylfa (-da), v. to aim ; k. til orfianna,
to hesitate for words.
kylfa, f. club (k. e6a klumba).
kylfu-hogg, n. blow with a club.
kyllir, m. the scrotum.
kylr, m. gust of cold air.
kyn (gen. pi. kynja), n. (i) kin,
kindred (par dtti hann k. h^lft) ;
danskr at kyni, Danish by extraction ;
telja k. sitt til e-s, to claim kindred
with ; (2) kind, sort, species ; i
skyldasta kyni, of the most befitting
kind; alls kyns, of every kind; hvers
kyns, of any kind; margs kyns, of
many kinds; f>ess kyns, of that kind;
(3) gender (karl-, kvenn-kyn).
kyn (gen. pi. kynja), n. wonder
marvel, portent ( J>a ur3u morg k. basdi
i draumum ok synum).
kyn-birtr, a., poet, very bright.
kynda (-nda, -ndr), v. to kindle,
light (k. eld, funa, loga, bal, vita).
kyndari, m. kindler.
kyndill (pi. kyndlar), m. candle,
torch (k. ok kerti).
KYNDIL-ME3SA
[256]
KYRTILS-SKAUT
kyndil-mesaa, f. Candlemas, the
feast of the purification.
kyndugr, a. guileful, cunning.
kyndug-skapr, m. guile, wiliness.
kyn-fer(5, f., -fero*i, n. kindred,
extraction', -fylgja, f. (l) family
characteristic, peculiarity ; (2) kind,
nature ; (3) kindred.
kyngi, f. knowledge of magic; kyngi
kraptr, magical power.
kyn-g6$i% a. of good family ; -gof-
ugr, a. of noble extraction.
kynjaftr, a. descended, born; sprung
from a place (hva6an ertu k.?).
kynja-lauss, a. ''without wonders'* ',
natural; er eigi -laust um hann, //^r<?
/j something wrong with him ; -Iseti,
n. pi. strange gestures ; -mein, n.
strange illness ; -menn, m. pi.' wonder-
people ', fairies, goblins ; -sott, f. =
-mein; -vetr, m. 'wonder-winter*.
kyn-kvisl, f. lineage, pedigree ;
branch ; -leggr, m. = aett-leggr.
kyn-liga, adv. strangely.
kynlig-leikr, m. a strange thing.
kyn-ligr, a. strange, wonderful, ex-
traordinary (me6 kynligu moti) ; e-m
g0rist -ligt, one feels strange.
kyn-likr, a. resembling (-likr e-m) ;
litill, a. of low extraction ; -margr, a.
#/" various kinds ; -mot, n. (specific}
look or appearance.
kynna (-ta, -tr), v. to make known ;
k. ser e-t, to make oneself acquainted
with, study (k. ser kaupskap) ; hverr
mun k. oss til konungs, who will show
us the way to the king', refl., kynnast,
to become known, come abroad', k.
e-u, to become acquainted with e-m
kynnist e-t, one gets acquainted with ;
k. e-t, to study (= kynna ser e-t) ; k.
vi3 e-n,fo make acquaintance with one.
kynni, n. (i) way, fashion, nature
(kaupum vel saman, pat er vina k.) ;
(2} affairs, circumstances (pau ein eru
k. heima at pin) ; (3) kindred, kins-
men (mer pykkir sem pu munir eiga
her k.); Glumr var prjar n^tr at k.
sinu, with his kinsmen ; (4) friendly
visit to a friend or kinsman ; leita
(koma til) kynnis, scekja k., fara d k.,
fara til kynnis, to make a visit ; sitja
at k., to stay on a visit.
kynni-liga, adv. = kunnliga Q>eir
kvoddust kynniliga).
kynning, f. acquaintance with, know-
ledge of (k. e-s).
kynnis-fertS, f. journey on a visit ;
-gjof, f. gift to a visitor ; -leit, -sokn,
f. visit ; -vist, f. stay on a visit.
kyn-rikr, a. of great extraction,
noble (storaudgir ok kynnkir) .
kynsl, n. pi. wonders, strange things.
kyn-s!6(5, f. kindred, progeny.
kyns-mat$i% m. kinsman, descendant.
kyn-smar, a. of low extraction ;
-smffiS, f. low extraction ; -stafr, m.
scion ; -storr, a. of noble extraction.
kynatr, n. pi. strange, prodigious
things ; magical acts or arts.
kyn-stcert$, f. noble extraction ; -ssell,
a. blessed with good and great off-
spring ; - vani, a. wan ting in kindred ;
-J>attr, m. lineage.
kyrtS, f. rest, tranquillity ; me5 k.,
quietly ; i (at, a) kyrSum, in quiet.
kyrfi-ligr, a. humble, mean.
kyrking, f. choking, strangulation^
kyrkja (-ta, -tr), v. to strangle or
choke (hengdr e6a kyrktr).
kyrpingr (s-, -ar), m. weakling (?)
kyrr, a. ( i) still, quiet, at rest ; halda
vapni kyrru, to hold a weapon at rest ;
sitja um kyrt, to remain quiet ; setjast
um kyrt, to take to rest (in life) ; halda
kyrru fyrir, not to stir', (2) neut.,kyrt,
as &&v. gently ; tak f>u kyrt par d, touch
it gently.
kyrra (-oa, -Or), v. to calm, still',
impers., kyrrir sjainn, the sea becomes
calm ; refl., kyrrast, to become calm
(en er kyrfiist d strastinu).
kyrra, f. calmness, calm (kyrra var
a sjonum).
kyrr-latr, a. calm, peaceful, tranquil;
-leikr, m. tranquillity; -liga, adv.
quietly, calmly ; -ligr, a. calm ; -seta,
f. silting (living} at rest ; setjast i
-setu, to take rest in life ; hafa -setu,
to have rest', -setja (see setja), v. to
sequester ; -Bssti, n. = -seta.
kyrtill (-s, pi. kyrtlar), m. kirtle,
tunic (k. ok ynrhofn).
kyrtils-blatS, n. the lap of a kirtle ;
-klaeo*i, n. cloth for a kirtle ; -lauss, a.
wit 7i out a kirtle ; -skaut, n. = -bla5,
KYSSA
[257]
kyssa (-ta, -tr), v. to kiss ; k. a" hond
e-m, to kiss one's hand (in homage) ;
recipr., kyssast, to kiss one another.
kyssi-ligr, a.yf/ to be kissed.
kytja, f. hovel, small cottage.
kyla (-da, -dr), v. to fill; k. vomb
sin a (k. sik) d e-u, to fill one's belly
with ; k. 61, to swill ale, drink hard.
kyli, n. boil, abscess ; gripa d kylinu,
to touch a sore place.
kyll, m. bag; hann bar kyl 6rs, he
carried Thor's knapsack ; karl ok k.,
beggar and scrip.
kymi-liga, adv. in a funny manner ;
ligr, a. amusing, funny.
kyr (gen. kyr, dat. and ace. ku ; pi.
kyr, gen. kua, dat. kum), f. cow.
kyr-foftr, n. cow's fodder ; -hu<5, f.
cow's hide ; -hvalr, m. a kind of whale ;
-lag, n. a cow's value.
kaeskinn, a. ill-mannered.
kfflna, f. a kind of boat.
kaera (-a, -(5r), v. (i) to discuss,
debate (peir kasr5u petta um hrifi milli
sin) ; (2) to bring forward, mention ;
herra R. kaerQi krankleik sinn, pleaded
his illness ; k. vandraedi sin fyrir e-m,
to disclose one's troubles to one ; (3) to
complain of (peir kaerdu mjok d.hlaup
bans) ; (4) to accuse, make a charge
against one (k. e-n um pjofnad) ; k. d
e-n, to lay to one's charge (Sviar
kasrQu mjok Hdkon konung, at hann
haf6i brennt Vermaland) ; k. sik, to
complain, murmur (pegar bcendr toku
at kasra sik).
keera, f. complaint ; murmur.
kaer-leikr, m. friendly terms, in-
timacy (vera i miklum -leik, or -leikum
vi5 e-n) ; komast f -leika vi5 e-n, to
ingratiate oneself with one ; -liga,
adv. lovingly, dearly ; -ligr, a. dear,
beloved ; loving.
kaerr, a. (i) dear^ beloved (k. e-m) ;
(2) intimate, close (var me3 peim hin
kaersta vindtta) ; (s)k. at t-m,fondof
(k. at goQum hestum).
kasrsla, f. complaint, = kaera.
KOTTR
(-tta, -ttr), v. to gladden ; refl.,
kastast, to be gladdened, rejoice (tok
konungr at k).
kesti, f. cheerfulness, gladness.
koefa (-Sa, -tSr), v. to choke, drown
(peir vildu k. hann f lauginni) ; k. Ijos,
to quench a light.
koeja, v. to disturb (rare).
koala (-da, -dr), v. to cool.
kosni, f. = kcenleikr.
kcen-leikr, m. cleverness, sagacity;
-liga, adv. cleverly, skilfully; -ligr,
a. judicious, prttdent.
koann, a. (i) wise; koenna (gen.pl.)
hverr, every wise man ; (2) skilful,
expert ; k. vi6 e-t, skilful in a thing (k.
vi5 leika, orrostur, allan riddaraskap).
koanaka, f. craft, sagacity.
koggull (pi. koglar), m. joint (in
the fingers and toes].
kbgla (at$), v. to steal a glance (til
e-s, at one}.
ko'gur-barn, n. bantling, infant.
kogurr (dat. kogri, pi. kograr), m.
a qtiilt with fringe, counterpane.
kogur-sveinn, m. = -barn.
kokkr (dat. kekki, pi. kekkir), m.
hemp, in ' snaekokkr ', snow-ball.
kolsugr, a., pert, saucy.
kombottr, a. crested (cf. 'kambr').
kdngull (pi. konglar), m. cluster,
bunch, in * vinberjakongull '.
kongur-vdfa, f. spider.
koppu-steinn, m. boulder.
kopur-mall, a. bantering; -yrt5i,
n. pi. banter.
kor (gen. karar), f. bed (of sickness,
etc.) ; liggja i k., to lie bedridden ;
leggjast i k., to become bedridden.
kpr, n. choice, election, = kjor.
kos (gen. kasar), f. heap, pile.
kostr (gen. kastar, dat. kesti ; pi.
kestir, ace. kostu), m. pile (bera
saman f kb'st).
kosungr, m. sleeveless jacket.
kottr (gen. kattar, dat. ketti ; pi.
kettir, ace. kottu), m. cat (se'r kottr-
inn musina ?).
ICEL. DICT.
s
LABA
[258]
LAND
Iac5a (a), v. (l) to bid, invite (1.
gesti) ; (2) /<? lead (1. menn til eilifrar
Scelu) ; (3) refl., Ia6ast, to be drawn
(ladast allir til Broddhelga).
Iat5-orc5, n. invitation ; f>iggja -or5
at e-m, to accept an invitation.
Iac5runn, m. robber.
lafa (lafi, laf cSa, lafat), v. to hang
loosely ', dangle.
laffci, f. lady (l>u ert var lafdi).
laf-hraeddr, a. quaking with fear.
lag, n. (i) stratum, layer; (2) due
place, right position ; leggja styri i 1.,
to ship the rudder ; ganga 6r lagi, to
go wrong ; foru nu brynn bans i 1.,
his brows became smooth and straight;
koma lagi d e-t, to put to rights, get a
thing into order ; komast vel i 1., to
fall into good order ; (3) companion-
ship ', fellowship, leggja (binda) saman
1. sitt, to enter into fellowship ; (4)
living together (harm rdSst til lags viQ
Beru) ; (5) cohabitation; eiga 1. vid
konu, to cohabit; (6) market price,
tax ; leggja 1. a varning manna, to
set or regulate the market price ; (7)
thrust, stab (with a knife, sword, or
spear) ; (8) air, tune ; (9) adverbial
phrases ; i tvennu lagi, in two parts,
double ; f ollu lagi, in every respect,
quite ; f sumu (mb'rgu) lagi, in some
(many) respects; with compar. or
superl., denoting degree; i meira lagi,
considerably, rather; f fyrra lagi,
rather early, among the earliest ; i
verra lagi, among the worst; i hljoQara
lagi, rather silent; i nasrra lagi, rather
close ; J>ann dag svaf Unnr i lengra
lagi, U. slept that day longer than she
was wont; Helias var i fyrsta lagi
spdmanna, H. was one of the first of
prophets ; i elzta lagi sona hans,
among the oldest of his sons ; minnsta
lag, the least share.
laga (aft), v. to prepare, make ready
(lagat var drykkju).
laga-, gen. pi. from 'log* ; -afbrig(5i,
n. breach of law ; -beizla, f. lawful
demand; -bo(5, n. statute; -bok, f.
law-book, =*\QvjdQ\i ; -brjotr, m. law-
breaker ; -brot, n. breach of law ;
-eiSr, m. lawful oath, logeiSr;
-fr6tt, f. legal inquiry ; -groin, f.
article of law ; -gaszla, f. maintenance
of the law ; -hald, n. keeping of the
law ; -hellur, f. pi. the tables of the
law ; -kaup, n. legal bargain ; -kvan-
fang, n. lawful marriage; -lyritr, m.,
-lyritti, n. lawful protest ; -lostr, m.
evasion of law; -mac5r,m. man of law,
lawyer; -orskurcSr, m. legal decision ;
-prof, n. legal proof "; -ratting, f. law-
mending; -r6ttr, m. legal, personal
right ; -setning, f. legislation ; -skil-
natSr, m. legal divorce ; -skipan, f.
( I ) legislation ; (2) ordering of the law;
-skipti, n. change of law ; -vegr,
m. lawful course.
Iagc5r, m. tuft of wool (ullar-lagQr)
or hair (roggr e5a lagQr).
lag-klauf, f. the pastern (of sheep).
lag-liga, adv. meetly, handsomely ;
-ligr, a. meet, fit (-ligr skilnaSr).
lagnar-, gen from ' logn ' ; -skip, n.
-skuta, f. a boat for net-fishing.
lags-kona, f. concubine ; -macSr, m.
companion, comrade.
lag-vapn, n. weapon for thrusting
or stabbing (opp. to ' hoggva'pn ').
laki, m. third stomach in ruminating
animals (feljottr sem laki).
lakr, a. ( I ) lacking in quality (f>at 115,
sem lakast var); (^deficient (in weight).
lamb, n. lamb.
lambaSr, pp. with lamb, = lembdr.
lamb-bur<5r, m. lambing; -hagi, m.
pasture for lambs; -hus, n.pl. lamb
sheds ; -lauss, a. without a lamb ;
-skinn, n. lamb's skin (in 'lamb-
skinns-kofri') ; -aer, f. ewe with lamb.
lami, a. lame, maimed.
lamning, f. thrashing.
lampi, m. lamp.
land, n. (i) land, opp. to sea ; lands
e6a lagar, on land or sea ; taka 1., to
land; nema 1., to take land as a
settler ; (2) the (opposite] bank (of a
river, bay, fjord) ; inn me6 65ru landi
ok 65ru lit, in along one side and out
alcng the other ; (3) country (verja
LANDA-
[259J
LANDS-NYTJAR
landit fyrir Donum) ; lit f lond, into
foreign lands ; (4) land, estate (i landi
annars manns).
landa-, gen. pi. from 'land'; -brig(5i,
n. redemption of land; -eign, f. land-
owning', -fundr, m. discovery of new
lands ; -leit, f. exploration, voyage of
discovery ; -merki, n. pi. boundaries
(of an estate) ; -maeri, n. borderland,
boundary, -rip ting, f.=landa-brig6i;
-skipan, f. geography ; -skipti, n. (i)
division of land', (2) boundary; (3)
exchange of land.
Iand-auc5n, f . depopulation, devasta-
tion', -aurar, m. pi. ' land-dues ', a
tax which Icelanders had to pay to
the king on their arrival in Norway ;
a land tax had also to be paid for li-
cence of travelling or trading abroad ;
-bor (5i, m. the f landward ' side ;
-brig(5, f. = landa-brig6i ; -bui, m.=
landsbiii ; -eigandi, m. land-owner ;
-eign, f. estate; -ekla, f. lack of land ;
-ey&a, f. ' land-waster* (the name of
a standard) ; -fastr, a. ' land-fast ' ;
verSa -fastr, to reach the land, arrive ;
-festar, f. pi. shore-ropes, moorings ;
-flotti, &. fled from the land; -flsemdr,
pp. driven out of the land, exiled;
-fuss, a. eager to make the land (of
sailors) ; -ganga, f. landing, disem-
barking; -gangr, m. running ashore
(of shoals of fish) ; -gaezla, f. defence
of the land; -hallt, adv. keeping
along the shore (fara, sigla -hallt) ;
-herr, m. (i) people of the land; (2)
land troops ; -hlutr, m. the land-
owner's share ; -hreinsan, f. clearing
the land of miscreants.
landi, m. (one's) countryman (landar
vaiir) ; Icelander ( = morlandi).
land-kaup, n. purchase of land;
-kostr, m. the quality of the land;
-konnuo'r, m. a settler's mark ;
-menn, m. pi. = landsmenn ; -munr,
m. home-sickness, nostalgia ; e-m leika
-munir, one feels homesick ; -nam, n.
taking possession of land as settler,
settlement.
landnama-bok, f . the history of the
settlement (of Iceland); -ma$r, m.
settler ; -ti$, f., -timi, m. the time of
the settlement.
landnams-kona, f. female settler \
-maSr, m. settler (Ingolfr var frsegastr
allra landnamsmanna).
land-norftr, n. north-east, opp. to
' litnorQr ' ; -nyrftingr, m. north-east
wind; -rac5, n. pi. (i) government of
the land (hann var fyrir ollum -rddum) ;
(2) high treason.
Iandrat5a-mac5r, m. (i) governor;
(2) traitor.
land-r&n, n. the harrying of a land;
-reki, m. poet, protector of the land,
king; -rognir, m. poet, prince, king.
lands-auSn, f. depopulation of a
land ; -brigS, f. = landabrigdi ;
-bruni, m. destruction of the land
by fire; -bii, n. = -byg6; -bui, m.
(i) inhabitant ; (2) tenant ; -bygft, f.
(i) the peopled land; (2) tenantry;
-boetr, f. pi. improvements in a land;
-deild, {.partition of land; -drottinn,
m. landlord; -endi, m. land's end.
land-seti, m. tenant ; -seyra, n.
general famine.
lands-fjorSungr, m. quarter of the
land (of Iceland) ; -flotti, m. exile,
banishment ; -folk, n. the people (in-
habitants] of aland; -friSr, m. public
peace ; -gaszla, f. guarding or defence
of the land; -herr, m. = -folk ; -horn,
n. the land's end.
landshorna-maSr, m. landlouper.
lands-hof tSingi, m. great chief of the
land (hann barflist i mot -ingjum).
land-skatSi, m. damage to the land\
-skapr, m. custom of the land (sakir
-skapar ok fornrar venju) ; -skekill,
m. out skirt of land; -skipan, f. (i)
government of a land; (2) landa-
skipan ; -skipti, n. = landsskipti ;
-skjalfti, m. earthquake ; -skortr, m.
lack of land.
lands-kostr, m. (i) possession of
land; (2) quality of the land.
land-sky Id, f. rent of land.
lands-lag, -leg, n. nature (physical
conditions] of aland; -leiga, f. land
rent ; -lyfcr, m. = -f<51k ; -log, n. pi.
law of the land, public law ; -maor,
m. inhabitant (native] of a country ;
-megin, n. the main power oj the land
(as to strength or area) ; -mugr, m.
the common people ; -nytjar, f. pi.
LANDS-OFRINGI
[260]
LANG-VIST
produce of the land; -ofringi, m. land-
louper \ -r6ttr, m. the law of the land,
public law ; -sitSr, m. custom of the
land; -skattr, m. land tax; -skipan,
f. = -si6r ; -skipti, n. division of land;
-skyld, f. == landskyld ; -stjorn, f. =
landstjorn.
land-stjorn, f. government ; -sutJr,
n. south-east, opp. to ' utsuQr '.
lands-van, f. = landvdn ; -venja,
f. = -si8r ; -virtSing, f. taxation of
land; -vist, f. right or permission to
reside in a land.
land-synningr, m. south-east wind ;
-syn, f. sight of land; i -syn, in sight
of land ; or -syn, ottt of sight of land ;
-taka, f. taking land, landing; -tjald,
n. land tent ; -vanr, a. acquainted
with the country ; -vdn, {.prospect of
reaching land.
landvarnar-rc at$r, m. a man en-
trusted or charged with the defence of
the country against invaders.
land-vegr, m. a way by land, opp.
to * sjovegr ' ; fara -veg, to travel by
land; -vicSri, n. land wind; -vsert,
a. n., eiga -vsert, to have residence
in a coitntry open to one ; -vaBttr, f .
guardian spirit of a country ; -vorn,
f. defence of the land.
langa (acS), v. to long for ; impers.,
mik langar til e-s, / long for a thing.
langa (gen. 16ngu), f. ling (fish).
langa-fasta, f. the long fast ', Lent;
-frjadagr, m. Good Friday.
lang-ass, m. longitudinal beam,
opp. to ' pvertre" ' ; -bakki, m., in the
phrase, skjota e-u i -bakka to put off ;
-bekkr, m. long bench (along the side
of the hall), opp. to ' >verbekkr ' ;
-eldar, m. pi. long fires (along the
middle of the hall) ; -ermar, f. pi.
long sleeves ; -feftgar, m. pi. ancestors
on the father's side.
langfeSga-tal, n., -tala, f. list or
roll of ' langfeSgar ', pedigree ; -aatt,
f. the lineage of ' langfeSgar ' (from
father to son).
lang-feftr, m. pi. = -feSgar.
Iang-ferc5, f. long journey.
langfertSa-matSr, m.far traveller.
lang-frami, m. lasting fame ;
-foettr, a. long-legged; -fdr, f =
-fer6; -hdlsaSr, a. long-necked;
-hendr, a. long-handed; -hyggja, f.
long-suffering; -hof(5a&r, a. long-
beaked (of a ship) ; -knakkr, m. long
bench ; -lega, f. long stay (of a
weather-bound ship) : -leggr, m. the
long leg, shank ; -leifti, n. long dis-
tance ; -leitr, a. long-faced ; -liftinn,
pp. ' ''long gone' ; eptir -Ii6it, after a
long time ; -liga, adv. for a long time
past ; -lifi, n. long life, longevity ;
-lifr, a. long-lived; -loka, f. a kind of
eight-lined verse; -minnigr, a. (i)
having a long memory ; (2) long to be
remembered; -meBlgi, f., -maBli, n.
long-winded talk ; -maeltr, pp. long-
spoken, long-winded; -nefjatSr, a.
long-nosed; -niftjar, m. pi. descend-
ing lineage on the father's side ; -orf,
n. long scythe-handle ; -pallr, m. dais
along the hall.
langr, a. (i) long, of space and time
(langt sverd, long stund) ; (2) neut.,
langt, long, far, distant ; J>eir a"ttu eigi
langt til eyjarinnar, they had no
long distance to the island ; (3) e-m
er langt at e-m, one is interested in a
person ; hvat er y6r langt at pessum
monnum, what interest do you take in
these men ? ; (4) long, wearisome ({)er
mun langt pykkja her d heidinni).
lang-reiS, f. long ride; -rceki, n.
rancottr, unforgiving spirit ; -raekr,
a. unforgiving ; -roscSa, f. long talk ;
-roBor, a. long-winded; -skepta, f.
long-shafted spear; -skeptr, pp. long-
shafted; -skip, n. long ship, war
ship (J>ar Idgu langskip morg).
langskipa-menn, m. pi. the crew of
a long ship.
lang-skor, f. the lower hem of a tent;
-statSinn, pp. of old date, long-stand-
ing ; -stoll, m. long seat ; -street!, n.
long street ; -synn, a. far-sighted;
-ssBi, {.far sight; -sasr, a. = -synn ;
-talacSr, pp. long-spoken ; -ucSigr, a.
= -raskr ; -vari, m. long duration ;
til -vara, to last long; -vaxinn, pp.
longish ; -v6, n. guillemot, sea-hen ;
-vitSri, n. long- continued weather;
-vinr, m. a friend of long standing;
-vist, f. long stay ; -vistum, as adv.
staying long (ve.ro. -vistum e-s stafiar) ;
[261]
LAUS-HUGABE
-t$, f. long duration ; -eBliga, adv.
for a long time ; -celigr, a. long-last-
ing; -ser, a. = -seligr (-aer fri6r).
lasinn, a., las-meyrr (-meerr), a.
weak, feeble, decrepit.
last, n. blame, vituperation.
lasta (aft), v. /<? blame, speak ill of.
lasta-, gen. pi. from ' lostr ' ; -fullr,
&. faulty, depraved (-i\d\\. lif) ; -lauss,
a. faultless, guileless.
lastan, f. reproach, blame.
lastanar-orft, n. pi. words of blame.
lastan-ligr, a. reprehensible.
last-auftigr, a. vicious, evil; -ligr,
a. disparaging; -masli, n.pl. slander;
-aamr, a. slanderous; -varliga, adv.
without guilt or sin; -varr, a. gtiilt-
less, virtuous; -veri, f. righteousness.
lata (aft), v. impers., e-m latar, one
becomes slow, slackens ; elinu latar,
the snow-storm abates.
latin a, f. Latin (language).
latinu-bok, f., -br6f, n., -dikt, n.
Latin book, document, coviposition ;
-klerkr, m., -laerftr, pp. Latin clerk,
scholar; -maftr, m. ( I ) Latin, Roman ;
(2) Latin scholar, Latinist; -mal, n.
= -tunga ; -skaldskapr, m. Latin
poetry ; -stafrof, n. Latin alphabet ;
-tunga, f. Latin tongue.
lat-liga, adv. slowly ', negligently.
latr, a. slow, lazy.
latun, n. latten, brass.
lauftr, n. (i) lather; (2) froth, foam
of the sea (alda laudri faldin).
lauf, n. leaf, foliage.
laufa-drattr, m. embroidery repre-
senting leaves.
laufgaftr, pp. leafy, covered with
leaves (maerQar timbr mali laufgat).
laufgast (aft), v. to come into leaf,
put forth leaves.
lauf-groenn, a. leaf -green, verdant ;
-segl, n. ; sigla meS -segli, to take
things easy ; -skali, m. arbour, bower;
-steindr, pp. leaf-dyed, = -groenn;
-viftr, m. leafy wood.
laug (-ar, -ar), f. (i) bath ; (2) hot
spring (fyrir sunnan ana eru laugar).
lauga ( aft), v. to bathe (kona laugafli
barn sitt) ; refl., laugast, to bathe,
take a bath (laugaSist konungr f nni
Jordan).
laugar- aptann, m. Saturday even-
ing ; -dagr, m. Saturday ; -kveld, n.
= -aptann ; -morginn, m. Saturday
morning; -natt, f. Saturday night
(the night between Saturday and Sun-
day) ; -vatn, n. bathing water.
lauka-garftr, m. leek-garden.
laukr (-s, -ar), m. leek, garlic.
laun, n. pi. reward, recompense.
laun, f. secrecy, concealment ; (or
me6) laun, secretly.
laun-barn, n. natural child ; -blot,
n. secret worship of the gods ; -dyrr,
f. pi. secret doorway ; -festar, f. pi.
secret betrothal ; -fundr, m. secret
meeting; -getinn, pp. illegitimate,
natural; -karr, a. dealing in secrets*
mysterious ; -kona, f. concubine;
-koss, m. secret kiss; -maftr, m.a
hidden (sham) person ; -mseli, n. pi.
secret talk; -raft, n. secret device ; -sat,
f. ambiish ; -satt, f. secret agreement;
-stefna, f. = -fundr ; -stigr, m. secret
Path ; -atuldr, m. pilfering, theft
-ssett, f. = -sd.tt ; -tal, n. secret talk
launung, f. concealment, secrecy
af (a\ me6) launungu, secretly.
laun-vagr, m. hidden creek ; -vig,
n. secret manslaughter; -{)ing, n. =
-fundr, -stefna.
laupr (-s, -ar), m. (i) basket, box;
(2) the framework of a building.
lausa-brullaup, n. improvised wea-
ding; -biift, f. extemporized booth;
-eyrir, m., -f6, n. movable property,
chattels; -fjOl, f. loose board; -goz, n.
= -fe ; -kjor, n. pi. loose conditions,
void bargain ; -klofi, m. diphthong ;
-klaefti, n. pi. loose (outer] garments;
-maftr, m. able-bodied labourer who
has no fixed home ; -mjoftm, f. a trick
with the hip in wrestling; -snjor, m.
loose snow ; -taug, f. loose (reserve)
strap ; -viftr, m. loose logs, planks ;
-visa, f. a single verse (not forming
part of a poem).
laus-beizlaftr, pp. loose-bridled;
-eygr, a. with unsteady eyes ;
-ge^jaftr, -ge(5r, a. fickle-minded;
-gryttr, a. with loose pebbles ; -gyrftr,
pp. loose-girthed, without a belt;
-harr, a. with loose (flowing) hair;
-hugaftr, a. = -
LAUSINGI
[262]
IiAT
lausingi (pi. -jar), m. = leysingi.
laus-leikr, m. looseness ; -liga, adv.
loosely ; -ligr, a. loose, unsteady ;
-lyndi, n. looseness of mind, fickle-
ness ; -Iseti, n. = -lyndi ; -mall, a.
loose or unreliable of speech ; -maBlgi,
f. looseness of speech ; -mail, n. pi.
breach of word.
lausn (-ar, -ir), f. (l) release, libera-
tion ; (2) ransom ; (3) absolution from
ban or sin (hann tok lausn af sjalfum
pafanum) ; (4) release from a duty ;
(5) decision, judgement (segja fram
lausnir mala) ; eiga lausn a mail, to
decide in a case.
lausnari, m. the Redeemer.
lausnar-mark, n. badge of redemp-
tion ; -titSindi, n. pi. loose news.
laus-or<5r, a. = -mall.
lauss, a. (l) loose, opp. to 'fastr',
* bundinn ' (h6n hafdi laust harit sem
meyjum er ti'tt) ; verda 1., to get loose ;
eldr vard 1., fire broke out ; lata e-t
laust, to let loose, yield itp ; liggja
laust fyrir, to be easy to seize upon ;
(2) free, unimpeded, unencumbered
(gakk l>u 1. yfir bruna) ; ri6a L, to ride
without baggage ; (3) disengaged
(free] from, with gen. (vit erum
lausir allra svardaga) ; (4) void, not
binding (nu er laus vedjan okkar) ;
(5) vacant (viljum ver gefa y5r Olafs-
kirkju, pvi at hon er nu laus) ; (6)
light (1. svefn) ; (7) empty, without a
cargo (sigla lausum skipum) ; (8)
movable ; lond ok lausir aurar, lands
and movable property ; (9) absolved
from ban ; (10) in compds. mostly
suffixed to a subst., often in gen.,
-less (mein-, sak-, vit-lauss, athuga-,
audnu-, lyta-lauss).
laus-toekr, a. easily taken.
lausung, f. (i) 'leasing*, lying, false-
hood', (2) loose life, life of a libertine.
lausungar-fullr, a. thoughtless, in-
considerate-, -guS, n. false god',
-kona, f. loose woman ; -matJr, m.
libertine ; -ortS, n. deceit.
Iaus-yrt5i, n. and f. loose (unreliable}
talk (lausyrdi ok lygi).
laut, f. hollow place.
lax (pi. laxar), m. salmon.
lax-d, f. salmon river \ -ganga. f.
shoals of salmon entering rivers ;
-veitSr, f. salmon-fishing.
laz, n. lace (for. word).
laza (aft), v. to adorn with lace.
Id (pi. lar), f. the line of shoal water
along the shore.
la$, n. poet. land.
ld<5-maftr, m. loadsman, pilot.
lafi, m. threshing fioor, barnfioor.
lag, f. a felled tree, log.
laga-messa, f., -songr, m. the 'low
chant 1 (in the Roman Catholic Mass).
Id-gartSr, m. the surf(ci. Ma'j.
l&g-lendi, n. low land, fiat land;
-liga, adv. lowly, gently ; -ligr, a.
low in stature', -xnaeltr, pp. low-
spoken, low-voiced.
lagr (l8egri, IfiBgstr), a. (l) low, low
down (l>a er sol er Idg um kveldit) ;
bera lagt hofuflit, to carry the head
low, be discomfited ; fara lasgra, to be
lowered, humbled', (2) short (hogg-
spjot d lagu skafti), short of stature
(lagr sem dvergr ok digr) ; (3) low,
humble (lagr at burdum) ; bera lasgra
hlut, to get the worst of it, be worsted ;
(4) low, of the voice (hann svarar ok
heldr lagt).
lag-raustaftr, a. low -voiced;
-skeptr, pp. with a short handle ;
-talac5r, pp. speaking in a low voice ;
-vaxinn, pp. short of stature.
larnr, m. hand, paw.
Idn, n. (l) loan ; at lani, as a loan ;
hafa at lani, to get on credit-, (2) fief ';
hafa at lani = hafa at leni.
lana (aft), v. to lend (petta er la"nsfe,
er ymsir menn hafa lanat me'r).
lanar-drottinn, m. liege-lord, lord,
master (hann potti vel hafa fylgt
sinum lanardrottni).
Ian-f6, n. lent (borrowed) money,
-hross, n. borrowed horse ; -klaetSi,
n. pi. borrowed clothes.
Ians-f6, n. = lanfe\
Ids-bogi, m. crossbow.
Ids-lauss, a. unlocked.
Idas (pi. lasar), m. lock ; hurflin var
i lasi, the door was locked.
lds-6r, f. crossbow bolt.
Idt, n. (i) loss (>eir sogflu konungi 1.
sitt) ; (2) death, decease (ek segi per
1. Eyvindar broflur pins) ; (3) in pL
LATA
[263]
LEGATI
manners ; skipta litum ok latum, to
change colour and manners.
lata (Is3t ; let, letum ; latinn), v.
(i) to set, put. place (1. best a stall) ; 1.
e-n i myrkvastofu, to thrust in prison
(dungeon] ; 1. e-t i Ijos, to make it
known ; 1. e-t af e-u, to take off "(voru
> latnir fjotrar af Hallfredi); (2) to
cede, give up (harm vildi eigi 1. penna
best) ; 1. hint sinn, to let go one's
share, be worsted] (3) to leave, for-
sake (bi3r harm, at peir Idti blotin) ;
harm astlacH at 1. drottningina eina,
he intended to divorce the queen ; (4)
to lose (harm haf<3i litit flest allt 115
ok herfang allt) ; also with dat. (1. h'fi,
fjorvi) ; (5) with intin. to let, make,
cause ; latit mik vita, let me know ;
ek let drepa f>6ri, I made Th. to be
killed', 1. ser fdtt um finnast, to dis-
approve ; harm let fallast ( = sikfalla),
he let himself fall', (6) with pp., in
circumlocutory phrases ; harm let
ver6a farit, he went ; hann let hana
verca tekna, he seized her', ellipt.,
omitting the infin., 1. um mselt, to let
be said, to declare ; hann let harSan
Hunding veginn, he slew the stark H. ;
(7) to behave, comport oneselj '(forvitni
er mer d. hversu peir Mta) ; hann let
ilia i svefni, he was restless in his
sleep ; 1. allstorliga, to make oneself
big\ 1. hljott yfir e-u, to keep silence
about a thing ; 1. mikit um sik, to puff
oneself up ; (8) 1. sem, to make as if
(hann l^etr sem hann sjdi ekki svein-
ana) ; (9) to estimate, value (fatt er
betr Idtit en efni eru til) ; (10) to ex-
press, say (f>orfinnr bondi let heimilt
skyldu pat); (n) to sound, give a
sound', hdtt kveSi per, en po let haerra
atgeirrinn, you speak loud, but yet the
bill gave a louder sound\ (12) with
preps. ; 1. af e-u, to leave off, desist
from (sumir letu af blotum) ; absol.,
1. af, to cease ; 1. af hendi, to let out of
one's hands, deliver up ; 1. fe af, to
kill (slaughter) cattle ; 1. aptr, to shut
(1. aptr hurdina) ; 1. at Q-M, to yield to,
comply with (allir fieir, er at mfnum
orSum Idta) ; 1. at stjorn, to obey the
helm (of a ship) ; 1. e-t eptir, to leave
behind (peir letu menn eptir at geeta
skipa) ; 1. eptir e-m, to mimic, ape
(mun Gisli hafa la"tit eptir fiflinu) ; 1.
e-t eptir e-m, to grant, indulge one in
a tiding (Idt f>u petta eptir mer) ; 1.
fyrir e-u, to give way, yield (t>eir
munu verda fyrir at 1., ef ver leggjum
skoruliga at) ; 1. f haf, to put out to
sea ; 1. e-t i mot e-m, not to indulge
one ; 1. e-t til, to grant (heimt mun
brdtt hit meira, ef ^etta er til la'tit) ;
1. til vi3 e-n, to yield (give way] to o ?ie
(f>eir bd<3u hann til 1. vi3 konung) ; 1.
undan e-m, to yield to one (ek skal
hvergi undan per 1.) ; 1. upp, to open
(1. upp hurt}) ; to let one get up (eptir
pat let K. penna mann upp) ; 1. e-t
uppi, to grant (ertu saklauss, ef J>u
lostr uppi vistina) ; 1. e-t ut, to let out',
1. ut (skip sitt), to put to sea (sidan
letu peir ut ok sigldu til Noregs) ; 1.
vel (ilia) yfir e-u, to express approval
(disapproval] of a thing (hann laetr
vel yfir f>vi) ; (13) refl., latast, to die,
perish (her hefir Mtist Njdll ok Berg-
pora ok synir peirra allirj ; to declare
of oneself , profess, pretend (allir letust
honum fylgja vilja).
lataSr, a. mannered (1. vel).
lat-bragS, n. bearing, manners,
deportment ; -g6(5r, well-mannered,
courteous ; -gcetSi, n. fine manners.
latinn, pp. (i) deceased, dead', (2)
vel 1., highly esteemed, in good repute ;
(3) 1. vi6 e-u, ready, vel fyrir 1., well
prepared.
lat-pru<5r, a. of gentle bearing.
-latr, a. -mannered, -minded (fa"-,
Ktil-, marg-, mikil-ldtr).
latrast (ao), v. refl. to go to rest.
lat-oe(5i, n. bearing, deportment.
lavarSr, (-8, -ar), m. lord, master.
le (dat. and ace. ]ja ; pi. Ijar), m
scythe (peir hjuggust me5 Ijam).
le-barn, n. infant, baby.
le-denging, f. scythe-sharpening.
le^5r, n. skin t leather; -blaka, f.
bat ; -flaska, f. leather bottle -hosa,
f. leather hose ; -panzari, m. leather
jacket (as a defence).
leg, n. burial-place, = legstaSr.
lega, f. lying in bed*
le-garcSr, m. swath.
legati, m. (papal) legate.
[264]
LEQGJA
leggja (legg, lagfca, lagiftr,
laginn), v. (i) to lay, place (Mdr
hafdi lagt hofud sitt i kne* Rannveigar) ;
1. net, to lay a net ; (2) to put ; 1. eld i,
to put fire to ; 1. soSul a best, to put a
saddle on a horse ; 1. drar upp, /<? /#y
/> the oars, give up pulling ; 1. ofan
segl, to haul down, take in the sails ;
1. at jorSu, at velli (or vid jorSu, vi5
velli), to overthro^v, slay, kill; 1. hlut
sinn, to lose one's lot, be worsted; (3)
to lay, drop, of a beast (hvelparnir, er
eigi voru lagdir) ; (4) to lay, make,
build; 1. gartfa, to make fences ; (5)
to appoint, fix (1. stefnu, leika, bar-
daga) ; (6) to tax, value (hann lagSi
ha" 1ft landit fyrir sex tigi silfrs) ; 1. e-n
ugildan, to award no fine for, put no
price on ; 1. at lettu, to make light of;
(7) to settle ; 1. sakar, to settle strife ;
1. log, to lay down laws; 1. Iei6 sina,
to take a direction ; hann lagSi mjok
kvdmur sinar i Ogr, he was in the
habit of coming often to O. ; (8) to
allot, assign (per mun lagit verSa at
vera einvaldskonungr yfir Noregi);
hvat mun til likna lagt Sigurfii, what
comfort is there appointed for S. ? ;
pe*r var lengra lif lagit, a longer life
was destined for thee ; (9) to lay out,
pay, discharge ; 1. at veSi, to give as
bail ; 1. d hasttu, to risk ; 1. d mikinn
kostnaS, to run into great expenses ;
1. lif d, to stake one's life on a thing ;
1. fd til hofufls e-m, to set a price on
one's head ; ( 10) to lay a ship's course,
stand off or on, sail, absol., or the ship
in dat. or ace., let hann bldsa her-
bldstr ok 1. ut or hofninni, and sailed
out of the harbour ; 1. at, to land
(lagSi hann at vi6 SundolfsstaSi) ; in
a naval battle, to attack (I6g6u peir
pa" at peim) ; 1. undir land, to stand
in towards land; fig. to give in; 1.
(skip) f re"tt, to drift or run before the
wind ; ( 1 1 ) to set off, start ; 1. a flotta,
to take to flight ; 1. eptir e-m, to pursue ;
1. upp, to start on a jo^lrney; (12) to
stab, thrust, with a weapon (f>. leggr
hann spj6ti til bana) ; (13) impers.
it turns, is driven in a direction (of
smoke, smell, fire) ; hingat leggr allan
reykinn, all the smoke blows hither-
LEGGJA
ward; to freeze over, be covered with
snow or ice (pa er isa Iag6i a" votn) ;
1. nasr, to be on the brink of; nasr
lagdi pat ufceru einu sinni, it had well
nigh come to a disaster; (14) with
preps. ; 1. e-t af, to cede, give up (H.
broSir hans lagdi af vi6 hann sinn
part i eyjunni) ; to leave off, desist
from (legg af heQan af versag0rd,
sag5i erkibiskup) ; 1. af fdnad, to
slaughter cattle ; 1. e-t aptr, to give
back, return (ba"6u mik leggja aptr
taflit) ; 1. at, 1. at landi, to land; 1. at
e-m, to attack ; 1. e-t a" e-n, to impose,
lay (a burden, tax) upon one (1. skatt,
skyldir, yfirbot a" e-n) ; 1. e-t a" vid
e-n = 1. e-t d. e-n ; 1. stund, kapp, hug
a* e-t, to take pains abotit, great in-
terest in, a thing; 1. dst, elsku, mastur
a" e-t, to feel love, affection, interest
for a thing, to cherish a thing or
person ; 1. fasS, ofund, hatr d, to take
dislike, envy, hatred to ; 1. mod e-m,
to oppose, contradict one ; 1. e-t til, to
furnish, contribute, as one's share
(hvern styrk hetir m63ir mm til lagit
me3 pe> 1} ; 1. fatt til, to say little, be
reserved; 1. lof til, to give praise to ;
1. gott (illt) til e-s, to lay a good (or
ill] word to one, to interfere in a
friendly (or unfriendly} manner; 1.
e-t til lofs e-m, to put a thing to a
person's credit ; 1. e-t til or6s, to talk
about ; 1. e-m e-t til dmselis, or6s, to
blame one for a thing; 1. e-t undir or
undir sik, to conquer, vanquish (Knutr
konungr lagdi allt land undir sik i
Noregi) ; 1. e-t undir e-n, to submit a
matter to a person, refer to (peir hofSu
lagit mal undir Njdl) ; 1. undir trunad
e-s, to trust; ok er pat mjok undir
hann lagit, it depends much on him ;
1. e-t undir pegnskap sinn, to assert on
one's honour ; 1. e-t upp vi6 e-n, to
hand over to one ; 1. e-t eigi langt
upp, not to make much of, to make
light ^/"(eigi legg ek slikt langt upp) ;
1. e-t vifi e-t, to add to (1. adra tolu
vi5 aflra) ; 1. vid lif sitt, hofud sitt, to
stake one's life ; 1. vi5 sekt, to fix a
fine ; (15) refl., leggjast, to lay oneself;
1. nidr, to lie down ; to pass out of use,
cease ; peir hofSu lagizt til svefns, they
LEQGJA-
[265]
LEIDINQ
were gone to sleep ; 1. f sott, to fall
sick, take to bed (horn illness) ; 1. d e-t,
to fall upon (of robbers, beasts of
prey) ; 1. d, to arise (mun sd or<5r6mr
a" 1., at) ; 1. fyrir, to take rest, lie down
(logSust pa fyrir baeSi menn ok hestar
af uviQri) ; fyrir 1. um e-t, to give if up ;
1. or 1. til sunds, to swim (Grettir lag-
3ist nu inn d fjb'rSinn) ; 1. \ hernad,
viking, to set out on a freebooting ex-
pedition ; 1. ut, to set out into the
wilderness (as a highwayman) ; 1. e-t
eigi undir hofud, not to lay it under
one's pillow, not to neglect or forget it ',
eigilag5ist mjok a" meo J)eim brce6rum,
they were not on good terms ; litit
leggst fyrir e-n, one has but a poor
destiny (litit lagdist nu fyrir kappann,
J)vi at hann kafnaSi i stofureyk sem
hundr) ; recipr., 1. hendr a", to lay
hands on one another ; 1. hugi d, to take
a liking for each other ; 1. naer, to run
close up to one another (of two boats).
leggja-, gen. pi. from ' leggr ' ; -brot,
n. pi. pieces of bone in a broken leg\
-bond, n. pi. leg-straps.
leggr (-jar, -ir), m. (i) hollow bone
(of arms and legs) ; (2) leg; komast
a" legg, to grow up (>d voru synir
bans vel a legg komnir) ; (3) stem of
a plant ; (4) shank of an anchor \ (5)
shaft of a spfar.
leg-kaup, n. burial-fee.
leg-orS, n. lying with a woman.
legorfts-sok, f. a case tf/leg-ord.
leg-ro, f. rest in bed; -staftr, m.
burial-place ; -steinn, m. tombstone.
legu-nautr, m. bed-mate, mess-mate.
leitS (-ar, -ir), f. (i) way (fara, rifla
Iei8 sina or Iei6ar sinnar) ; (2) way,
road (d skoginum voru tvennar leiSir) ;
par er leiflir skildi, where the roads
parted; (3) course (on the sea) ; segja
leid, to pilot ; (4) adverb, phrases,
koma e-u til leifiar or leid, to bring
about ; skipast d betri 1., to change
to a better way ; d f)d 1., in this wise,
thus ; fram d 1., d 1. fram, fiirther,
all along; afterwards, for the time to
come ; (5) levy ; leidar at bidja, to call
out a levy.
leiS, f. a local assembly (in the Ice-
landic Commonwealth).
lei(5a (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to lead,
conduct (Olafr konungr leiddi Kjartan
til skips) ; 1. upp skip, to drag a ship
ashore ; (2) fig., 1. augum (sjonum),
to behold; 1. hugum, to consider; 1.
huga at e-u, to mark, note; 1. spur-
ningum at um e-t, to inquire ; 1. getum
um e-t, to guess at a thing; 1. dstum,
to love ; 1. af e-u, to result from ; (3)
gramm. to pronounce (pvi at hann
leiddi eigi svd sem tiflast er) ; (4) to
bury, lead to the grave (Steinarr leiddi
hann uppi i holtum).
leitSa (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) 1. e-m e-t,
to make a person loathe or avoid a
thing; (2) refl., leiSast e-t (ace.), to
loathe, get tired of (leidist manngi
gott, ef getr) ; impers., e-m leidist,
one feels discontented (man honum
leidast, ef deildr er verSrinn) ; mer
leiSist e-t, I am tired ^/"(leidist monn-
um opt d at heyra).
leiftangr (gen. -re), m. (i) levy, esp.
by sea (including men, ships and
money) ; bjoda ut leiQangri, to levy
men and ships for war (bj66a ut
leidangri at monnum ok vistum) ;
hafa 1. uti, to make a sea expedition ;
(2) war contribution, war tax.
lei(5angrs-far, n. levy-ship ; -fertS,
f. war expedition ; -folk, n. levied
folk ; -gprc5, f. raising a levy ; -lift, n.
levied army ; -mac5r, m. levied man.
lei(5ar-dagr, m. the day on which
the Iei5 was held; -morgunn, m. the
morning of that day.
lei(5ar-nesti, n. viands ; -steinn,
m. loadstone; -stjarna, f. lodestar;
-sund, n. strait, passage; -visir, m.
guide; -viti, n. a fine for default in
respect of a levy.
leiftar-vollr, m. = leiSvollr.
leifti, n. (i) leading wind, fair wind
(peir fengu gott 1.) ; (2) tomb (Sviar
gretu yfir 1. hans).
leifti, m. irksomeness.
leitSi-fifl, n. a fool to be led about.
leifti-gjarn, a. wearisome.
leitSi-ligr, a. hideous.
leiSindi, n. pi. (i) loathing, dislike ;
leggja 1. d vi3 e-n, to take a dislike to
a person ; (2) an unpleasant thing.
lei (5ing, f. leading, persuasion.
LEIDLKTGA-MABR
[266]
LEIKANDI
lei&nga-maftr, m. an easily led
person ( = lei<3itamr maSr) ; -samr, a.
easily led, pliable ( = leiSitamr).
leitSin-liga, adv. hideously ; -ligr, a.
hideous (kona Ijot ok leidinlig).
leifti-orcS, n. pi. walking -and talking
with a person ; -tamr, a. easy to be led.
Iei$-m6t, n, the lei 5 meeting.
leiftr, a. loathed, disliked (1. e-m) ;
e-m er e-t leitt, one dislikes a thing.
leitS-retta (-retta, -r6ttr), v. to put
right, mend, correct ; -ratting, f. set-
ting right, correction ; -saga, f. guid-
ance, direction, *&p. piloting \ -sagari,
m. guide, esp. pilot.
lei(5sagnar-ma(5r, m. = leidsagari.
leitfela, f. (i) guidance > leading \ (2)
burial, interment.
leiS-stafir, m. pi. loathsome runes.
lei(5-sogn, f. = leiSsaga.
Ieit5s6gu-ma<5r, m. guide, pilot =
leiSsagnarmaSr.
lei(5-togi, m. guide ; -visi, f. know-
ing the course (on the sea).
leiS-viti, n. = leiSarviti.
leitS-vollr, m. the field where the
lei 6 was held.
leifa (-fca, -fcr), v. (l) to leave (food)
over ; to leave as heritage (hann leifdi
honum lond ok lausa-fe) ; (2) to leave
behind, relinquish, abandon (t>eir leif-
6u skipin f Raumsdal).
leifar, f. pi. (i) leavings, remnants,
esp. of food ; (2) effect, result (ilia
gefast ills ra"Ss leifar).
leiga (-tSa, -Sr), v. to hire, rent ;
1. e-t at e-m, to hire from a person.
leiga, f. (i) hire, rent, opp. to 'inn-
stcefia ' (capital) ; byggja (6 leigu,
to let money out at interest', leggja
leigu eptir hofn, to pay a harbour
duty ; (2) wages, pay (kallast hann
engrar leigu makligr).
leig-lendingr, m. tenant.
leigu-bol, n. rented farm ; -fe, n.
hired cattle ; -foerr, a. fit to be hired
out; -land, n. rented land', -lauss,
a. rent free, without interest; -li(5i,
m., -maftr, m. tenant ; -mal, n. agree-
ment as to rent, lease ; -prestr, m.
hired priest, curate ; -staSr, m. a
place where money is invested, in-
vestment.
leika (leik; 16k, 16kum; leikinn),
v. (i) to play (vi6 skulum nu 1. fyrst) ;
1. leik, to play a play, 1. tveim skjold-
um, to play a double game ; 1. at e-u,
to play (amuse oneself] with (Katla
sat ok lek at hafri sinum) ; 1. at tafli,
to play at chess ; 1. seV, to play (hann
lek ser J)d enn a" golfi med oSrum
bornum) ; (2) to perform, of a feat or
act of prowess (en ek hygg, at engi
annarr fdi f>at leikit) ; (3) to move,
swing, wave to and fro, hang loosely
(1. a lopti) ; landit skalf sem a" JjrasSi
le"ki, as if balanced on a string; (4)
of flame, fire, water, waves, to play
lightly about or over, lick (eldr tok
at 1. husin) ; eldrinn lek skjott, the fire
spread fast; leikr hr hid vi5 himin
sjalfan, the lofty blaze plays against
the very heavens ; fig., e-m leikr e-t i
skapi (f mun), one feels inclined to, has
a mind to (f>at leikr me'r f skapi at
kaupa Island=far) ; (5) to deal (hardly}
with, to (ill-)treat (1. e-n ilia, hart,
sa>t, sarliga) ; (6) to play a trick upon,
delude, 1. a" e-n (djofullinn leikr pa
alia) ; (7) to bewitch, esp. in pp. (ma6r
sa var leikinn af flag6i einu) ; (8) with
preps., 1. d e-n, to play a trick upon
(mjok hefir J)u d oss leikit) ; fig., lek
J)at or5 a", at, it was rumoured, that ;
e-m leikr ofund a", to envy ; e-m leikr
hugr d, to have a mind to ; f>ar leikr
minn hugr a, my mind is bent upon
that; hon segir foSur sinum um hvat
at 1. er, she told her father how things
stood; 1. e-n ut, esp. in, pp., to ill-
treat (konungr ser nu Aka, hversu
hann er ut leikinn) ; 1. vid e-n, to play
with one; 1. vi5, to continue (meinit
hafdi lengi vi8 leikit) ; (9) refl., leikast,
to be performed, done ; ef pat m 1., if
this can be done ; leikst d e-n, // goes
against one, he gets the worst of it
(mjok hefir leikizt d. minn hluta) ; 1.
vi5, to play one against the other, play
a match ; hofQu peir leikizt vi6 barna
leikum, meSan peir voru ungir, they
had been playmates.
leika (pi. leiku), n. plaything, doll.
leika, f. (i) = leika, n. ; (2) play-
sister (ve'r vorum leikur vetr niu).
leikandi, f. (i) pulley ; (2) sport, jest.
LEIKARA-SKAPR
[267]
LEKA
leikara-skapr, m. scurrility.
leikari, m. flayer, jester.
leik-blandinn, pp. sportive ; -borfc,
n. play-board; -broftir, m. playmate.
leik-domr, m. laity, = leikfolk.
leik-fang, n. wrestling; -felagi, m.
play-fellow ; -fertS, f . sport.
leik-folk, n. lay-folk, laity.
leikinn, a. playful, gay.
leik-ligr, a. lay ; -maftr, m. layman.
leik-maSr, m. player.
leikmann-ligr, a. lay.
leik-mikill, &. playful, merry; -mot,
n. * play-meeting* t public athletic
sports ; -mfflr, a. play-sister.
leikr (-s, -ar), m. game, play, sport ;
Idta (vinna) leikinn, to lose (win] the
game ; d nyja leik, anew ; vid illan
leik, narrowly, with a narrow escape
(peir komust par yfir vid illan leik) ;
hann segir peim hvat leika (gen.), hvat
f leikum er, he told them what the
game was, what was the matter;
leikr er gorr til e-s, a person is aimed
at, is the mark of an attack ; gera leik
til e-s, to mock one.
leikr, a. lay (lasrdir ok leikir).
leik-skali, m. play-shed; -stefna,
f. = leikmot ; -sveinn, m. playmate ;
vald, n. lay power, laity ; -vollr, m.
play-ground.
leiptr (gen. leiptrar, pi. leiptrir), f.
lightning, flash.
leiptra (at5), v. to flash, shine.
leir, n. clay, loam, mud.
leira, f. muddy shore, mud-flat.
leir-bakki, m. clayey bank ; -buS,
f. clay booth ; -depill, m. clayey spot ;
-gata, f. clayey path ; -kelda, f. clay-
pit; -ligr, a. of clay; -matSr, m. clay
man ; -ottr, a. = leirugr.
leir-pottr, m. earthen pot.
leirr, m. = leir.
leir-stokkinn, pp. mud-splashed*
leiru-bekkr, m. muddy brook.
leirugr, a. clayey, muddy.
leis ; a-brcekr, f. pi. trousers and
stockings in one piece, long hose ;
lauss, a. without afoot-piece or sock
(leistalausar brcekr).
leistr (-a, -ar), m. stocking-foot, sock.
leit, f. (l) search ; fara d 1. e-s, to
go in search of a thing; (2) exploring
party, search-party (jarl var sjdlfr f
leitinni).
leita (a$), v. (i) to seek, search, with
gen. (heradsmenn leitudu hennar ok
fundu hana eigi) ; 1. e-m e-s, to seek
(try to get] a thing for one (1. e-m
kvdnfangs) ; 1. sdr lifs, to seek to save
one's life ; (2) to seek for help (vil ek,
at pu leitir aldri annarra en mm, ef pu
arft nokkurs vid) ; 1. rada, to seek
for advice; (3) to act (proceed] to-
wards one ; ef ydar er ilia leitat, if you
are challenged ; (4) to try to go, pro-
ceed on a journey ; \. braut or landi,
to go abroad; 1. d fund e-s, to visit a
person; (5) to seek, try, with infin.
(pd leitaSi Kalfr at flytja brcec5r sina
ofan til skips) ; (6) with preps., 1. at
e-m, to seek for a person,=\. e-s (var
pd leitat at laekninum) ; 1. at um e-t =
1. eptir um e-t ; 1. d e-n, to attack or
assail one, to blame or reprehend one ;
1. d, to try, make an attempt to get a
thing (hvar skulu vit d 1. ?) ; 1. d um
kvdnfang, to look for a wife ; 1. eptir
e-u, to seek for ; 1. eptir mdli, to follow
a case, take it up ; 1. eptir um e-t,
to inquire into ; 1. eptir vid e-n, to
inquire of a person ; 1. fyrir ser, to
save oneself by flight (tegg}\ytt\ d flotta,
ver6r nii hverr at 1. fyrir ser) ; 1. e-s \,
to try, make an attempt (var pd margs
{ leitat) ; 1. til e-s, to seek for, = 1. e-s
(aldri leitacH hann til griSa ne undan-
komu) ; 1. um e-t = 1. at um e-t, to
examine (var pd leitat um sdr manna) ;
to try to get or effect (1. um sasttir) ;
1. e-s vid e-n, to apply to one for a
thing (1. ra5a vid e-n); 1. vid e-t, to
try ; 1. vid for, to try to get away ;
1. vid at g0ra e-t, to try to do a thing
(hann vildi vid 1. at masla) ; (7) refl.,
leitast um, to make a search, examine
(leitudust peir pd um ok fundu hurd
\ golfinu).
leiti, n. hill, elevation, height.
leizla, f. = leidsla.
leizlu-drykkja, f. drinking-party.
leka (lek ; lak, lakum ; lekit), v.
(1) to drip, dribble (af peim legi, er
lekit hafdi or hausi Heiddraupnis) ;
(2) to leak, be leaky (husit, skipit,
keraldit lekr).
LEKABR
[268J
LETJA
lekaftr, pp. leaky (lekat skip).
lekast (aft), v. refl. to spring a leak.
leki, m. leakage, leak ; komu J?d lekar
at skipinu, the ship sprang a leak.
lekr, a. leaky (skipin voru lek).
lektari, m. lectern, reading desk.
lembdr, pp. with lamb (lembd aer).
lemja (lem, lamda, lami<5r), v. (i)
to thrash^ flog, beat Q>eir lomdu hann
ndliga til botleysis) ; (2) 1. ni5r, to
beat down, suppress (hafavald til J^ess
at ni6r 1. allan mdtt illgjarnra anda) ;
(3) refl. to be severely injured (svd
mikit hogg, at haussinn lamdist).
leinstr, m. lameness, infirmity.
len, n. (i] fief, fee (halda Ib'nd ok
len af konungi) ; (2) royal grant or
emolument ; (3) royal revenue ; (4)
share of good things (sumir hafa litit
le"n e5a lof).
lena, f. pad or cushion 'which is
placed under a pack-saddle.
lend. (pi. -ir and -ar), f. loin, rump.
lenda (-da, -nt), v. (i) to land,
with dat. (1. bti, skipi) ; (2) to land,
come to land (siSan lendu beir upp
frd Bakka) ; (3) impers., e-m lendir
saman, to clash, come into conflict
(mun ekekki letja, at oss lendi saman);
e-u lendir, to come to an end ; bar
lendir bessi vi8rce3u, at, the end of
this talk was, that.
lenda, f. land, estate.
lenda-verkr, m. lumbago.
lend-borinn, pp. sprung from the
landed gentry.
lending, f. landing, landing-place.
lendr, a. (i ) landed; 1. ma6r, ' landed-
man ', holding land or emoluments
from the king; (2) in compds. (i-lendr,
inn-, sam-, tit-).
lengd. f. length (of space and time) ;
til lengdar, long, for a long time ; nii
(or \ brd.6) ok lengdar, for now and
hereafter.
lengi (lengr, lengst), adv. long, for
a long time ; of 1., too long; lengr en
skemr, rather long than short, for a
good while ; with gen., 1. vetrar,yi?r a
great part of the winter.
lenging, f. lengthening ; h'fs 1., main-
tenance of life.
lengja (-da, -dr), v. to lengthen (1.
lif sitt) ; var lengt nafn hans, an
addition was made to his name ; hvat
barf J>at 1., what need to make a long
story ? ; impers. to become longer (um
vetrinn er daga lengdi).
lengja, f. a long piece, strip.
lengr, adv. compar., see * lengi '.
lengra, adv. compar. to a greater
length ; farther, further.
lengrum, adv. compar. longer,
farther ; for a longer time.
lengstum, adv. superl. mostly, most
of the time (hann var p6 1. d Grjotd).
leo, leon, n. lion.
leoparftr, leparftr, m. leopard.
leppr (-s, -ar), m. (i) lock of hair
(fd me*r leppa tvd or hciri J)inu) ; (2)
rag, tatter (leppr rotinn).
lerept, n. linen, linen cloth.
lerka (atS), v. to lace tight (hosui
Ierka5ar at beini) ; fig., lerkadr,
bruised, contused (1. af hoggum).
les, n. lesson (in divine service).
lesa (les ; las, lasum ; lesinn), v.
(1) to pick up, gather (1. hnetr, ber,
aldin) ; 1. saman, to gather, glean (1.
saman axhelmur) ; 1. upp, to pick up ;
(2) to grasp, catch (eldrinn las skj6tt
tr65vi6inn) ; 1. sik upp, to haul one-
self up (hann las sik skjott upp eptir
0xarskaptinu) ; (3) to knit, embroider;
(4) to read (\. & bok) ; 1. fram, 1. upp,
to read aloud; 1. um (of) e-n, to
speak (evil) of one (1. fir um e-n).
les-bok, f. lesson-book ; -djakn, m.
reading clerk; -korr, m. reading-
desk, lectern.
lesningr, m. reading.
lest, f. (i) burden, cargo; (2) train
of packhorses.
lesta (-sta, -str), v. to injure,
damage (1. skip sitt) ; refl., lestast, to
be injured, damaged (fell hann af baki
ok lestist fotr hans).
lesti, adv., only in the phrase, d 1.,
last, at last.
lestr, m. and f. reading.
lest-reki, m. agent, manager.
leti, f. sloth, laziness ; -fullr, a.
slovenly ; -svefn, m. sleep of sloth.
letja (let ; latta, lottum; lattr), v.
to hold back, dissuade (one from some-
thing), 1. e-n e-s (Bjorn latti ferdar ;
L&-TORFA
[269]
LEYNI-GATA
konungr for eigi at si'Sr) ; refl., letjast,
to become loth t unwilling (praellinn
tok at 1. mjok a" starfanum).
16-torfa, f. a turf cut with a scythe.
letr, n. letters, writing', -ligr, a.
literal ; -list, f. art of writing.
letta (-tta, -ttr), v. (i) with ace. to
lighten (1. skipin) ; (2) with dat. to
lift (pa" letti kottrinn einum fceti); (3)
1. e-u, to desist from , leave off; 1. ferd
sinni, to stop on Js journey, to halt;
also absol., J>eir lettu eigi (they stopped
not, halted not) fyrr en peir komu i
Skaptai tungur ; 1. af e-u, 1. af at gora
e-t, to leave off doing, give up (harm
le'ttir aldregi af slikt at vinna) ; 1. af
hernaSi, to leave off freebooting', 1.
undan, to withdraw, retreat (sva" kom
pvi mdli, at Sigvaldi 
