UNIVERSITY
PENNSYLVANIA.
LIBRARIES
Conditions of Pennsylvania
During tbe î^ear 1755
A TRANSLATION OF A FRENCH PAMPHLET
FOUND IN THE
DUCAL LIBRARY AT GOTH A, GERMANY
READ BEFORE THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY
BY
JULIUS F. SACHSE
AT THE TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY
AT LANCASTER, PENNA., NOVEMBER 13, 1914
LANCASTER, PA.
1917
Copyrighted 1917
BY THE
lpennstlrantaeŒcrman Society.
PRESS OF
THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY
LANCASTER, PA.
THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY.
!/tAUw<r&&
©be Bra&fcocfc Expedition,
URING the summer of
19 13, while delving
among the literary
treasures housed in
the ducal library, in
the ancient palace
Friedenstein, on the Schlossberg,
which overlooks Gotha, the capi-
tal city of the duchy of Saxe-
Coburg-Gotha, there was found
a small French duodecimo volume
of 128 pages, which professed to
give an account of the conditions
in Pennsylvania, from about the
time of Braddock's Expedition
in 1755 against the French at
Fort Duquesne at the junction of the Allegheny and Mo-
nongahela rivers in western Pennsylvania (now Pitts-
burgh) down to the time when Oswego was captured and
destroyed during the same year by the French under the
Marquis de Montcalm, commander-in-chief of the French
forces in Canada.
Although these events covered but a few months, they
3
4 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
brought about a most critical and portentous period for
both the political and proprietary interests in the Penns'
province on the Delaware.
Prior to these military movements little was known
about Pennsylvania in France. The victories of the French
and the defeat of Braddock excited a certain interest in
France about the Quaker colony south of Canada, and
along whose western borders they had established a chain
of forts, which became the chief cause of the war between
French and English in America.
The writer of the above account states in his preface
that a couple of years ago (i. e.y prior to Braddock's de-
feat) Pennsylvania was known only to about three hun-
dred Frenchmen.
The reports of the French and Indian victories, how-
ever, aroused much inquiry about the Quaker colony, in
both official and civil circles. To meet this demand the
above duodecimo was published. The name of the author
is not given upon the title page.
By the authorities at the ducal library it was supposed
that this account was written by one of the French or Ger-
man officers in the French army operating in Pennsylvania
at the time, a statement which was accepted by the present
writer. By careful investigation, however, after returning
to America, it was found that this pamphlet was merely a
paraphrase of an English pamphlet by the Abbe De la
Ville who was the first commissioner to the Minister of
Foreign Affairs.
The French work was published in the year 1756 and
was supplemented with a unique map of eastern Pennsyl-
vania, showing parts of New York, New Jersey and Mary-
land. At the instance of Dr. R. Ewalt, chief librarian of
the ducal library, permission was given by His Royal High-
The Braddock Expedition. $
ness, Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, to have a copy
made of the map, as well as a translation of the text.
The writer of the French account intimates that the
work is a translation from an English letter, sent from
Philadelphia to England, and published there. This nat-
urally started an investigation as to who this Philadelphia
writer was, if such statement was correct. A careful
search among the literature published during the year
showed that there were two pamphlets published in Lon-
don on the conditions in Pennsylvania, both anonymously.
The first of these pamphlets bore the title: "A Brief State-
ment of the Province of Pennsylvania, etc." The second,
and evidently the one used by De la Ville as a basis for
his "Tableau," was "A Brief View of the Conduct of
Pennsylvania for the year 1755, etc."1 Both of these two
pamphlets were written by no less an authority than Rev.
Wm. Smith, the first provost of the College of Philadelphia.
This paper is of special interest to us as it shows the
means and argument taken by Franklin in this very city
of Lancaster to intimidate the German settlers, independ-
ent of their religious convictions, and force them by
threats to furnish horses, cattle and teams for the use of
the army. Further, as a matter of fact, most all of the
teams and teamsters for the Braddock expedition were
furnished by the German settlers in the eastern counties of
our state.
The title of the French pamphlet reads :
1 Copies of both pamphlets are to be found in the Philadelphia Library
and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Vide also " Life of Rev.
William Smith, D.D.," by Horace W. Smith, Vol. 1, pp. 122>-124..
The Pennsylvania-German Society.
ÉTAT PRÉSENT
D E
LAPENSILVANIE*
OU VON TROUVE LE DETAIL
de ce qui s y eji pajje depuis la défaite du
Général Braddock jufqu à laprifi £Ofwego >
avec une Carte particulière de cette Colonie»
M. DCC. LVI.
TITLE PAGE OF THE FRENCH PAMPHLET IN THE
DUCAL LIBRARY, GOTHA, GERMANY
The Braddock Expedition.
present ^tate
of
$euttg]rtfcania
WHEREIN THERE IS TO BE FOUND IN DETAIL THE HAPPENINGS
THERE FROM THE DEFEAT OF GENERAL BRADDOCK TO THE
CAPTURE OF OSWEGO, WITH A PARTICULAR MAP OF
THIS COLONY
MDCCLVI
'HE text is made up of a preface of four pages,
and a short account of Pennsylvania covering
thirteen pages. Most of this matter is evi-
dently taken from " Dumont's Historié et
Commerce des Colonies Anglaises." Then
follows the "tableau" of eighty-seven pages
and closes with nineteen pages of the statute approved No-
vember 25, 1755: "An Act for the better ordering and
regulating such as are willing and desirous to be united for
Military Purposes within this Province."
This statute, which does not appear in the " Votes of the
Assembly," was presented by Benjamin Franklin, Novem-
ber 18, 1755, viz.:
" By the leave of the House, Benjamin Franklin, a member of
this House, brought in a Bill, entitled, An Act for the better order-
ing and regulating the Military Force of this Province which was
read the first time, and ordered to lie on the table for the perusal
of the Members."
Upon the afternoon of the next day, November 19, the
the bill was again read and considered, and after consider-
8 The Pennsylvania-German Society. ,
able time spent therein, the same was committed to John
Hughes, Benjamin Franklin, Griffith Owen and others for
alteration and amendment.
" On the next morning, being amended by the committee
and an alteration made in the title, was ordered to be
transcribed for a third reading."
The bill was finally approved by Governor Morris and
became a law, November 25, 1755.
preface
URING the past year there has been much dis-
cussion in France about Pennsylvania. Two
years ago the name of that country was known
to hardly three hundred Frenchmen. This
colony is one of the most flourishing of the Eng-
lish possessions in North America, and has suf-
fered more than any of the other colonies, in consequence of
the defeat of General Braddock. It is only from these mis-
fortunes that this colony has become known to us. The
interest which our public now takes in all that relates to
the war against England has encouraged us to impart some
extracts from an English pamphlet published in London
some months ago, wherein there is to be found an account
of all that happened in that colony during the past year,
and showing the extreme obections of its inhabitants to
warfare.
Had the people of the other English colonies as peace-
able and less ambitious feelings, peace between the two
crowns would still exist.
The singular constitution of this colony, as shown dis-
tinctly in this sketch, makes it more interesting, as it ap-
The Braddock Expedition. 9
pears more as a republic allied with England than a prov-
ince subject to the crown.
In order to better inform the French public regarding
Pennsylvania, we shall give a short geographical descrip-
tion of it, as a preface to the abstract which is here pre-
sented and in order to leave nothing untold as to its pres-
ent state, we add an account of what happened in this
colony up to the end of August last [1755].
a ^ort ©egcription of pmngylbania
ENNSYLVANIA, situated between the thirty-
ninth and forty-second parallel of north lati-
tude, is one of the most important English
possessions upon the American continent. Its
boundaries on the east are the Atlantic Ocean,
Delaware Bay and New Jersey; on the north
by New York and Canada, which also bounds it on the
west; on the south by Virginia and Maryland.
The seashore is of but little length. The best and most
modern maps extend it about three miles south of Reho-
both Bay. Some writers start the seashore at Cape Hen-
lopen, near Delaware Bay, thence along the southern coast
of this bay, where there are to be found the counties or
districts of Sussex, Kent and New Castle.
Pennsylvania is very narrow in that part where Mary-
land forms its boundary on the south and west. After-
wards it widens suddenly, where are to be found the coun-
ties of Chester, Philadelphia and Buckingham, the most
populous of the colony. It ends in the north and in the
west with the counties of York, Lancaster, Berks and
Northampton, as the colony continues widening in these
latter districts.
io The Pennsylvania-German Society.
I do not speak here of the chimerical boundaries given
to Pennsylvania by the English, extending it beyond the
Ohio and as far north as Lake Erie.
The most remote settlements in the interior of the
Province, prior to the outbreak of hostilities, were Gnaden-
hutten in the north, a hamlet about thirty miles distant
from Philadelphia. In the west, the settlements on the
Susquehanna, there were up the river near the forks where
it receives another, which has been very improperly named
the "West Branch."
Finally there are some settlements on the Juniata River
above Shippensburg. Accordingly, the true extent of the
colony, at its greatest length, is sixty miles, and forty miles
as its greatest breadth.
Philadelphia is the only important town of this colony;
it is also the capital. It has about 12,000 inhabitants.
There are no fortifications for defence of any sort. Its
situation between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, which
are both navigable for trading vessels, is favorable to
commerce.
Upon the other hand, these rivers make conditions very
unhealthy. Inflammation of the lungs, pleurisy and inter-
mittent fevers and other diseases are greatly prevalent
there.
The other towns in the colony are very small and would
scarcely merit the name of boroughs.
The principal towns are : Lewis, the chief town of the
county of Sussex; Dover of Kent; New Castle and Chester,
of the counties of the same name; Darby and Germantown
near Philadelphia ; Bristol, the chief town of the county of
Bucks or Buckingham; Newtown is in the same county;
Lancaster and York are chief towns of the counties of the
same name.
The Braddock Expedition. IX
Before the war the population of Pennsylvania in-
creased daily. In the year 1750 alone there arrived and
settled there no less than 4,3 17 Germans, and more than
a thousand English and Irish.
Therefore by a census taken of the inhabitants ot the
colony early in the year i755 the number of white settlers
was stated to be about 250,000. This number did not
include about 30,000 negroes. We do not, however, affirm
that these estimations are really correct.
So large a population seems astonishing when we con-
sider the fact that it was only in 1681 that William Penn
received a charter of concessions for this Province, and
that when he took possession of it there were only a small
number of inhabitants (mostly Dutchmen and Swedes)
settled along the shores of Delaware Bay.
Although this colony is upon the same latitude as Por-
tugal, there is a great difference in the climate. The win-
ters especially are long and cold.
In Pennsylvania the soil « not so good. A great part
of it is very sandy and stony. The best and most fertile
soil is in the interior of the colony, near the rivers. The
country abounds in provisions of all kinds, and are the
source of the Pennsylvanian's wealth, and the chief source
of their commerce.
But little tobacco is grown in this colony; a few vine-
trellises are to be found in the gardens, but the grapes are
not pressed. Lumber, furs and hides are also exported in
small quantities.
So as to form a conception of the commerce ot Penn-
sylvania we give a summary of the number of vessels
which arrived and cleared at the harbor of Philadelphia
during the last ten months of the year 1749 :
12 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Arrived Cleared
62 trading vessels 64 trading vessels
72 brigantines 68 brigantines
25 two-masters 26 two-masters
25 corvettes 21 corvettes
119 sloops 112 sloops
303 291
A fifth of these vessels, and of course the largest, came
from England and Ireland, and returned thence.
The Messrs. Penn are the proprietors of this colony,
and from which they derive much profit, as they grant no
land without direct taxes or rent. They appoint the Gov-
ernor of the Province, who is confirmed by the King.
As to the political constitution of the colony, the Gov-
ernor has the executive power, but this is greatly limited by
the authority of the Assembly. Of these there are two —
one for Pennsylvania proper, so-called, and a special one
for the three lower counties on the Delaware called the
territories or Lower Pennsylvania.
These assemblys are composed of representatives of the
various counties. They are elected for only one year, by
the people, who renew these elections in the beginning of
October. It is in these chambers that all bills are passed,
but they only acquire legality after they are approved by
the Governor. The same spirit prevails in both Pennsyl-
vanias, and their laws are nearly the same.2
The public revenue of the colonies is not very extensive,
as the Assembly has taken care to avoid burdening the
people with taxes. The revenue does not amount to over
£8,000 (180,000 livers tournois) up to the present day,
no troops having been maintained in time of peace, in
2 Copies of both pamphlets are to be found in the Philadelphia Library
and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Vide also " Life of Rev.
William Smith, D.D.," by Horace W. Smith, Vol. 1, pp. 122—124.
The Br ad dock Expedition. 13
Pennsylvania. The above amount has been sufficient for
the salary of the Governor and officials, together with all
expenses of the government, including the present annually
given to the Indians.3
From the foregoing one will be able to form a proper
idea of the present state of the colony.4
Of the Conduct of Pennsylvania, during the year 1755,
So far as it affected the General Service of the British
Colonies, particularly the Expedition under the late
General Braddock.
'N my last letter, sir [says the writer to him to
whom he addressed his pamphlet], I remarked
that I could not remain silent nor look calmly
at the dangers to which the colonly I live in has
been exposed. I observed too that our enemies,
sure of meeting with no resistance, in the prov-
ince, on account of the religious principles of the Quakers
or Tremblers who govern us, had conceived the plan for
conquering us.
3 (Footnote in original pamphlet.) M. Dumont in his book bearing the
title of " Historié et Commerce des Colonies Anglaises," p. 173, mentions
Frankfort as the second town of Pennsylvania. He says that it has as
many inhabitants as Bristol. It is of course Bristol in Pennsylvania he
speaks of, for I do not think that he intends to compare this village to
Bristol in England, a city having more than 50,000 inhabitants.
"Two miles northeast of Philadelphia there is a little river which flows
into the Delaware. It is called Frankfort Creek. A mile from its mouth
there is to be found a church of Sectarians, and many habitations are scat-
tered near it. But this place has never shown any approach to a town, and
I do not know whether there is any other settlement in Pennsylvania bear-
ing the name of Frankfort."
4 (Footnote in original pamphlet.) "This charter is dated from March
14 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Besides I remarked to you that there was no hope for
diverting the members of the Assembly from their ob-
stinacy, since they had brought over to their side, the for-
eigners5 who formed about one half of the population of
Pennsylvania.
All that I feared has happened — since the defeat of
General Braddock. The enemies have invaded the prov-
ince and are masters of nearly all of the country between
the Ohio and the Susquehanna.
In the beginning of December bands of savages ad-
vanced within twenty miles of Philadelphia, and it is to be
feared that they intend to take up a fortified position as
near as possible to this town. They have massacred and
scalped a great number of families. Several thousand of
the inhabitants near the borders of the colony left their
homes taking refuge in the interior of this Province. A
panic reigns amongs the people, and if some citizen enlist
to face the enemy it is impossible to keep them under dis-
cipline, as the martial laws are not popular.
The result of all this will be the inevitable ruin of this
rich and useful colony, if the King and Parliament do not
interpose their authority to redress that grievance. There-
fore, I have now much stronger reasons than formerly to
rise up against the weak measures taken for the safety of
this Province. I see my poor fellow-citizens, still covered
with blood, left to their sufferings; our capital scarcely
saved from the incursions and snares of the enemy, not
farther from us than a day's journey.
The chief Quakers or Tremblers meet in this colony
4, 1680, old style, which has made several writers err, who fixed the date of
the charter at 1680, not paying attention to the fact that, according to the
old style, the year does not begin before Easter."
6 /. e., the Germans.— J. F. S.
The Braddock Expedition. 15
every month, and beside this once more during the year.
Religious questions are not the sole object of these meet-
ings, as they have degenerated into political intrigues,
where they fix the elections of the members of the Assembly,
and issue their orders to the different meetings of that sect.
The Tremblers have bribed the Germans, persuading
them that they would be rendered slaves, if it ever hap-
pened that any one not a Trembler should be elected a
member of the Assembly. There is no lie nor malevolent
insinuation concerning these elections which has not been
told these foreigners. The number of Germans of differ-
ent sects has of late greatly increased in this Province.
They have most all objected against the carrying of arms,
on account of their religious principles. In these senti-
ments they are encouraged by the Tremblers. For this
purpose they have from time to time distributed among the
Germans, books and pamphlets, written in a manner to
fortify them in their principles never to resist an enemy —
principles which will only result in the ruin of society.
But of all these papers the German newspaper is the
most pernicious. Lately, at the time when alarm was
spread around us and the danger greatest, people were as-
sured in this newspaper that there was nothing to be feared
from the enemy, and that if the French and their Indians
should enter our territories, he would be blessed who would
open unto them the doors of their houses and offer them
bread and milk, and that by resisting them and having
recourse to the weak weapons of man, would be a sin of
most evident pride.
This doctrine was not alone that of the press. The
preachers of the Tremblers stopped at nothing in their
endeavor to get this into vogue throughout the whole
colony. At the first news of General Braddock's defeat,
1 6 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
when terror appeared upon all faces, when our women and
children were seen bursting out into tears, and when all
honorable men shuddered at the situation of our country,
the most famous preacher of the Tremblers of Philadelphia
exhorted his audience to stand firm in their belief and prin-
ciples of their faith, and not to do anything to defend
themselves, nor to contribute anything that could procure
the safety of this country, for, said he, "If weak frag-
ments of an earthen pot clash together, what does that
concern us?"
Having seen this excess of fanaticism of the Tremblers,
we shall not be astonished that in the Assembly they pub-
licly declared, they would not do as their neighbors and
furnish money for the general defence of the colonies.
Therefore the Governor, Mr. Morris, presenting to them
the dangers resulting from such unwarranted conduct, said
to them : " It seems to me that you have taken all the
measures necessary in order that you might prevent any
bill passing which fixed the raising of money for the de-
fence of the colony. Should I have any doubt about it,
when the Tremblers whose pressure you are following,
publicly declared they would like better to suffer the trials
of war than contribute anything for such an object, when
you refused to furnish even horses and wagons to the late
General Braddock for his expedition?"
This latter reproach [the writer continues] will astonish
you, sir, who have read in the English newspapers, that all
support of that kind has been furnished him promptly by
Pennsylvania.
But I am giving you the facts as they actually occurred.
When the general had arrived at Fort Cumberland he had
hoped to find there all things necessary for his march to
Fort Duquesne. Virginia and Maryland had promised to
THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY.
The Braddock Expedition. 17
furnish some vehicles; but these colonies could not keep
their word, vehicles being very scarce there and the horses
very bad. Pennsylvania was the only province to furnish
the needed number of vehicles and the necessary provisions.
Therefore our governor, before and after the arrival of
General Braddock, had asked the Assembly to vote funds
for that expedition. It should have granted this demand,
much more readily as the neighboring colonies had fur-
nished troops for the general service at great expense, while
our Assembly did not give a single soldier. It contented
itself with sending some presents of provisions and horses
to the officers of the army, trying thus to win back their
good graces, as they had loudly complained of its conduct.
But whatever remonstrances Governor Morris made, it
was impossible to obtain anything more.
General Braddock saw the season advancing without
the least hope of being able to perform what he had
planned. He expressed to Sir John Sinclair, quarter-mas-
ter-in-chief, his dissatisfaction at having vexations every-
where. Sir John Sinclair, seeing that there was nothing
to be gained except by force, threatened into the colony as
into a hostile country, if the number of horses and wagons
necessary for the service of the army were not forthwith
sent to him.
In the meantime Benjamin Franklin, postmaster in the
north of America, was with the army. This worthy
citizen, seeing that if wagons were taken by military force
in the Province, and without the assistance of the civil
authorities, it might result in bad consequences; supposing,
moreover, that it would be possible to induce the people to
give whatever was wanted, provided they were only asked
for it properly. He thought it his duty to speak about it
i8 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
to General Braddock and asked him for the necessary time
to induce his countrymen to furnish what he desired.
The general approved his proposition, gave him money,
and authorized him to make a bargain for 160 wagons
and a suitable number of draught horses.
Mr. Franklin went with all possible speed to the small
market-town of Lancaster in the centre of the colony, where
he happily met Mr. Allen, the chief justice, and two other
judges. At that time there was a large concourse of people
there, as the assizes were in session, where civil and crim-
inal cases were judged in last resort. He told Mr. Allen
of his plan, who cheerfully promised to help him. When
therefore the people were assembled at the opening of the
court, the chief justice drew a vivid picture in a pathetical
manner, of the burdens required by duty to their King,
who for the public safety had undertaken so expensive an
expedition. Therefore he ordered the commissioners of
police of every small market-town to assemble the inhab-
itants and to send him promptly an exact list of such horses
and vehicles as they could furnish.
This plan was followed by the judges sitting at the same
time in the county of York.
Mr. Franklin, on his part, published a broadside in Ger-
man and English, in which he explained to the inhabitants
that this furnishing would enable them to earn much money
during the campaign. He did not forget to give them to
understand that if, in consequence of their refusal, they
obliged Sir John Sinclair to enter the colony, this Hussar
would treat them as those among them who had come from
Germany had been by the dragoons in their own country;
that he would force them to obey and that they would de-
prive themselves of the occasion of showing their zeal for
the welfare of their country and for the glory of their king.
THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY.
The Braddock Expedition. 19
The menace of two persons who had as much influence
as Mr. Allen and Mr. Franklin over the spirit of the
people and the care which the magistrates of the different
counties of the colony took, provided the required number
of teams without delay; and if it had been necessary, to
furnish four times the number with the same facility.
The Assembly did not contribute anything. It was not
even prorogued at that time. Mr. Franklin had the com-
mission from the Assembly — only one from General Brad-
dock. Those who had furnished their teams should not be
paid by the colony, but by the King. To this day he still
owes much money to the poor inhabitants who during this
unfortunate expedition lost their horses and wagons, which
were, to a great number of them, the only resource which
they could rely on for the support of their families.
That is what really happened. Therefore we must not
confer the praise upon the Assembly, given to the Province
for having furnished General Braddock with the teams he
needed. Upon the contrary, they must be blamed by
everyone, for as our colony was able to furnish these teams,
our Assembly is inexcusable for not having taken measures
while it was convoked; and surely at the first demand of
our Governor they should have fixed the price for these
teams. Had it been necessary to employ authority, a
simple justice of the peace, at the first notice of the gen-
eral, might have sent him all the teams he required. By
these means he could have found himself able to advance
before the trees were covered with leaves, and to arrive at
Fort Duquesne, long before the garrison had been rein-
forced, which undoubtedly would have enabled events to
take another course.
The Assembly made many other mistakes; refused to
give their consent to the offers made, in the name of the
20 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
proprietors of the colony, to grant territory west of the
Allegheny Mountains, as by settlements established there
the French might more easily be forced to retire beyond
the Ohio. These lands should be given to officers and sol-
diers, who, far from paying anything for them, should even
be exempt from any rent during a term of fifteen years,
from the first of March, 1756.
These concessions made to these military men should
pass on to their heirs and assigns without any rent or taxes
except that of surveying; but on condition that they settle
on them within three years, after the French were forced
to retire from these districts.
The Assembly answered to these propositions that their
offers were illusory; that the Governor was not authorized
to make them ; that, if they were accepted, the proprietors,
after the patents of the concessions had been delivered,
might exact a rent higher than the value of the lands; that
the territories inhabited in Virginia were also good, more
convenient, and to be had on conditions more advantageous.
But these were not the only quarrels between the Gov-
ernor and the Assembly. Those which existed for two
years as to the means of raising money in the colony were
renewed and maintained with equal temper. Even after
the defeat of General Braddock, everybody hoped that the
Assembly, touched by the critical state in which their coun-
try then was, would promptly provide for its safety and
avoid all that would raise many contentions. But from
this we saw a new dispute arise regarding the tax of the
possessions of the proprietors, and the Assembly mani-
fested, by a notification sent to the Governor, that they
would not deliberate about anything unless this point was
settled. Meanwhile the colony was in a terrible danger,
and the Assembly knew very well that legal questions were
The Braddock Expedition. 21
involved in these debates. This question could not be de-
cided without the opinion of the proprietors, who were in
England. These gentlemen had never thought that so
momentous a crisis should arise, which would impose taxes
upon their estates. The more so, as the course of action
was not alone contrary to the action of the previous assem-
blies but was also contrary to the laws of the colony.
This induced the Governor to refuse his consent to the
bill sent to him on the occasion to raise a sum of £50,000
by a tax upon the real and personal property of the colony.
No reproach can be made to him because of this refusal,
for he, being bound by his instructions, could not swerve
from them.
The principal inhabitants of Philadelphia and many
other inhabitants of the different counties, full well feeling
the dangers to which they were exposed, were so much
alarmed that they thought that there was no other resource
but to appeal to his Majesty. They resolved to have re-
course to this, and therefore addressed a petition in which,
having set forth the consternation of the inhabitants at see-
ing the colony of all, and without any defence, they showed
the King how afflicting it was for them to see an unhappy
police-system acting against nature — tying the arms of sev-
eral thousand brave citizens, who would have applied them-
selves earnestly to drive back the enemy. They added that
the savages, our allies, seeing us of such peaceable disposi-
tion, and being without any support had forsaken us — that
this desertion had encouraged our enemies to continue their
ambitious schemes and that as it seemed our colony would
not adopt different principles, as long as the Tremblers
who absolutely reject the carrying of arms, would find
ways and means of retaining the seats they occupy in the
Assembly. As it was seen that they abused their influence
22
Thé Pennsylvania-German Si
over the foreigners settled amongst us — that under these
circumstances the Petitioners did not see any other recourse
for saving the colony than by the authority of his Majesty,
by whose interference the colony would be enabled to de-
fend itself for the present and provide for its safety in the
future.
The petition was signed by the chief inhabitants of the
town and some of the neighboring counties, and sent by a
vessel sailing for London. If there had been time enough
it would also have been signed by a large body of the
settlers of the outlying counties, who were even more inter-
ested in the proposed measure. But, alas, before the
copies sent to them could have reached them, all fears of
the dangers therein set forth had already been realized.
Towards the middle of October a large body of Indians
composed mainly of Shawanese and Delawares, invaded
the province by different routes, nearly at the same time,
massacring, burning and ravaging. Nothing was to be
seen but a sad picture of destruction and devastation, in the
live counties of Cumberland, York, Lancaster, Berks and
Northampton, which included more than half of the terri-
tory of the colony.
The loss which these counties suffered, the abandoning
of the plantation passes all valuation and fails to describe
the terrible misery of the poor inhabitants. A great num-
ber have been obliged to flee from their homes without de-
lay, where they enjoyed an abundance of all necessaries of
life. Now they are exposed to the severity of the ap-
proaching winter, and find themselves compelled to beg for
bread. As for those who fell into the hands of the sav-
ages, there is not to be found in history any ^vent which
compares with the horrible cruelties inflicted upon them.
At Gnadenhutten, a small Moravian settlement in North-
THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY.
ON THE WAR PATH
The Brada ck Expedition. 23
ampton County, while the settlers were seated peaceably at
their supper, those cruel murderers, under cover of the
[light, which was as dark as their infernal plan, fell upon
them stealthily, massacred them, and scalped them. They
were set all on fire, consuming in the Barnes trie bodies of
the unfortunate settlers; their stores, provisions, horses,
and about sixty head of horned cattle, which were destined
for the Moravian brethren at Bethlehem. Thus, when
the day was breaking there was nothing but a heap of
cinders left.
At the "Cove" in Cumberland County, at Tulpehokin
in the county of Berks, and in several other places, the sav-
ages exceeded all bounds — men, women, children and cattle
were all destroyed, and in places where everything was not
reduced to ashes, there were to be seen the bodies id men
and animals torn to pieces and scattered about the ground.
When the savages are victorious they celebrate their vic-
tory by perpetrating the most abominable cruelties in cold
blood. Many particulars of their expeditions have been
told to me; but I have been too much affected by those
which follow not to repeat them.
A family consisting of the husband, wife and a new-born
babe, were found murdered and scalped. The woman
was found stretched out upon her bed; her body mutilated
and her babe put under her head as a pillow. Near by lay
the husband on the ground, his body opened with entrails
protruding.
In another place a woman, nursing her baby, finding that
she was ambushed, amidst the fear of inevitable death,
threw herself down with her face to the ground, covering
the child with her body. The savage then rushed for-
ward from the spot where he had cowered, struck her with
his tomahawk and scalped her, after which he fled to the
24 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
forest wîrhout seeing the baby, which shortly afterwards
waa drawn alive from beneath the body of its mother and
i > s t ■ 1 1 aln c.
In these various incursions, the savages have \cd away
as captives a considerable number of our wives and daugh-
ters. They are, perhaps, destined to more cruel tortures
than those wh « death we have just reported. Would
there be anything astonishing in fearing it? The savages
are more cruel to their captives than to those on whom they
vent their first rage.
59 After so many misfortunes, Searroyady, one of the chiefs
of our allied savages, a man of a very rare faith, bravery
tdity, came to find the Governor. Having been
admitted to the Assembly he made a very touching speech
to excite the members to defend the colony thoroughly and
bravely. But he spoke in vain. It seemed that nothing
was able to touch their hearts.
Complaints At last thx inhabitants of the borders of the colony lost
of the mhab- pat;ence> They presented petitions, made remonstrances,
itants of the , ". . , . , r,. ., , , . . ,
border, evc*n threatened they would march to Philadelphia and
60 massacre the members of the Assembly if they were not
assisted immediately. They complained that it was an
evident injustice not to allow the frontier-counties a conve-
nient and proportional number of representatives in the
Assembly and this was the reason why the legislative As-
sembly did not pay attention to their interests, and that
their misfortunes in time of calamity were not paid atten-
tion to.
Defects In There are. in fact, with any free nation, few examples of
the Cos^hu- j:Spr0p0rtiunate inequality such as are to be found in. the
Colonv % wa>' m w^c^ the people of this province is represented in
ii '" the Assembly. Our colony is divided into eight counties.
Bmddock Expedition.
The Assembly consists of thirty-six members* or represen-
tatives. The three oldest counties, where all Tremblers
are settled, have the privilege of electing twenty-six of
these members, while the five other counties, peopled by
inhabitants of different religions, chiefly in Presbyterians
from the north of Ireland, send hut ten. This arrange-
ment, made since the erection of these (We counties, is a
political move of the Tremblers. By it and by their in-
fluence over the Germans settled in the colony they always
have the majority oi votes in the Assembly, although they
form only the fifth part of the people.
The Tremblers, seeing their peaceable system attacked
by the demands and threatening of th f the
frontier counties, presented, on the sixth of November,
;;;;. a petition to the Assembly, where they besought it
to persevere in all they had ilonc till now and not to order
anything contrary to their religious principles. This peti-
tion clearly shows which was the spirit influencing the con-
siderations of the Assembly; and that all the contests with
the Governor were nothing but pretexts to gain time and
to favor the party of the Tremblers. For as these had
declared openly that they would rather suffer than con-
tribute to the defence of the colony, the members of the
Assembly did not venture to impose taxes on them, the
produce of which would be applicable on these grounds;
they feared to lose their seats in the Assembly through the
influence of the Tremblers at the election.
Most of the inhabitants of Philadelphia read the peti-
tion of the Tremblers with indignation, it was consid-
ered as a step of intolerable boldness and people felt well
Petition of
the Trem-
blers to the
Assembly.
63
64
The greatest
number of
the inhab-
itants is of-
8 The at.
vanta : for
terril
here only speaks of real Pennsylvania or Upper Pennsyi-
-■■- t «amies on the Bav of Delaware, which are called the
wer-Pennaylvaaia, appoint eighteen additional members to
26 The Penmylvanw-German Society,
fended by it. that, if it was taken notice of, the lot of most of the inhab-
itants of the colony was sacrificed to the illegitimate ad-
vantage of the band of fanatical madcaps.
65 This determined the mayor of the town to invite the in-
habitants of all positions to come to see him on the twelfth
*tr3ncss ox
the inhab- °^ November in order to give him their opinion about the
hants of present situation of affairs and to join with him in making
Philadelphia remonstrances to the Assembly. He proposed as a remedy
îeîsbiy, " against the principles of the Tremblers to insist not only in
imposing taxes, applicable to the defence of the colony, but
also in urgently demanding the introduction of a military
law. that the country should no longer be sacrificed to the
interests of a party. In consequence of this, on the twelfth
of November, the appointed day. they wrote a remon-
« strance where the necessity of establishing a military power
In the colony was proved by arguments, without any fur-
ther word. The chief inhabitants signed them and they
were immediately delivered to the Assembly by the mayor
in their name.
Remote These representations were followed by very strong
strances of remonstrances, delivered some days after by the représen-
tas represert- . ... ». . , - . r ,
tatives of the trit'ves °* tne town as a political body, in a word, every-
body in the colony was irritated against the Assembly, and
the dexterity of their members did not succeed in extin-
guishing the flames which appeared from everywhere. The
people whose sufferings were increasing demanded to be
protected. They were not willing to listen to what they
were insinuating to them about the danger to their liberty
and their privileges at a time when the enemy was ready to
thrust his sword into the breast of the citizens, would de-
prive them of it as of their lives. This was a good oppor-
tunity to purify our Assembly forever from the represen-
tatives of the Tremblers: but as our constitution did not
The Bra J Jock Expedition. 27
give the Governor the power of dissolving the Assembly,
there was no possibility of diminishing it an J of proceeding 6S
to new elections.
Our Assembly saw very well that people were driven to
despair and were not to be trifled with. Every day there Tbe ^««a»-
, , , it my h com-
were brought requests and remonstrances signed by a great .,cJ m en_
number of inhabitants. They all insisted on passing a law act a military
kttah
ng a militia, an absolutely necessary thing to re- la«"-
'■■;
estani
unite our natural forces and to be able to make use of them.
It would have been a very dangerous decision to defer the
answer to this justifiable request for a moment: but to yield
to them was to destroy the party of the Tremblers. 1 here
remained only one possibility to avert the danger which
threatened it, which was to enact a military law so framed
that the Governor was reduced to the following alternative :
Firstly, if he refused to pass it, such as it was, and if he "°
intended to make some modifications, the representatives
of the Tremblers in the Assembly were resolved not to con-
sent to any, but to pick a quarrel over the bill hoping to put
an end to the cries of the people against them. Then they
would have said that they had been ready to pass a military
law but that the Governor had not wished to accede to it.
Secondly, if he had given his assent to the bill, they
would have blended into it their interests so well and made
it such as to deprive the King of his most essential prerog-
atives.
The Governor found out their intentions. But think-
ing that this bill was only to last eleven months, he believed The Gover-
that meanwhile périple, noticing the mistakes, would be the nor gsves h:s
more convinced of its absurdity than by all the efforts made
by him to reveal them at the present time. Therefore he 71
passed the bill immediately, which not a little mortified the
members of the Assemblv, who would have liked better
28
The Pennsylvania-German Society.
The people
complain of
this law.
72
73
The most im-
portant in-
habitants of
the borders
come to Phil-
adelphia.
They go to
the Gover-
74
that debates should have arisen between him and them on
account of it.
As soon as the law7 had been published, the people, see-
ing in what spirit it had been made, was indignant at it.
Nobody would act according to it and there has not yet
been any citizen who has regarded it as a duty to conform
to it. Some counties, on the contrary, have assembled
already and dressed up remonstrances against this law, pro-
testing that they would not consent to it nor cooperate in
its execution. So we are in a worse situation than ever.
We surely hope that by the intervention of his Majesty in
consequence of our most respectful request we shall have
a law establishing in our colony a militia such as our safety
demands. This military law was passed on the twenty-
fifth of November, in the evening. In the morning the
representatives of the town had presented their remon-
strances mentioned above; this finally determined the As-
sembly.
The day before, about 400 inhabitants, mostly Dutch-
men, and the most wealthy of those who live on the borders
of the colony, seeing themselves too much exposed to re-
main any longer in their habitations, came to Philadelphia
to implore the protection of the Assembly and to pray it to
interrupt every fruitless dispute. Deep sorrow was ex-
pressed by their features and showed their misery.
First they called on the Governor, who spoke to them
with kindness and with all possible consideration. He told
them it was not his fault that they remained without any
help or protection ; that he himself had ever been ready and
was still so to give his consent to every reasonable law
which would provide for their defence, if it was presented
by the Assembly. At the same time he told them that two
7 There is to be found at the end of this book the translation of this law.
The Braddock Expedition. 29
days before he received a letter from the proprietors of the
colony, who begged him to make in their name a gift of
£5,000 (nearly 114,000 livres) and to employ it for
assistance in the present state of affairs. He showed this
letter to some of the chief personages of the people. This 75
happy news made them mad with joy and they left him,
loading him with blessings.
From there they went to the Assembly, and having been They are ad-
admitted after many difficulties they stated their griefs to *£**** the
them. The members of the Assembly tried to lay the
blame for what had happened on the Governor, and asked
them if they were very happy at losing their liberty. The
people replied that they did not wish to enter into the dis- 76
putes which occupied them; that they wanted to be de-
fended, and that they did not understand what they were
told about the danger to public liberty when the safety of
the lives of the citizens was not provided for. The mem-
bers of the Assembly, seeing how things went on, thought
it necessary to appease these inhabitants, promising them
that they should be helped immediately, and consequently
a bill was passed by which £60,000 (1,360,000 livres)
were accorded to them, in which were included the £5,000 Subsidy ac-
of the present of the proprietors. This bill was sent to corded by the
the Governor the next morning. He immediately gave
his consent to it. Surely he would have consented four 77
months before if the members of the Assembly at that time
had agreed to all that concerned the use of the employ-
ment of this money, and once at least abandoned the unjust
pretension of taxing the proprietors of the colony, whom
they did not represent, two points on which they yielded at
last, on seeing there was no more possibility of disputing
them. 78
These are the misfortunes which have afflicted the poor
30 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
inhabitants of the borders of Pennsylvania, who, having
committed no fault, have been cruelly plundered, tortured
and massacred by a most terrible enemy. And all this
without having any possibility of resisting them, or the
advantage of being protected, as they had the right to de-
mand to be by those who were established to watch over
their safety. May we imagine their misfortunes or think
of their misery without being moved by compassion? If
79 we consider the Tremblers as simple citizens, they merit
the esteem which they gained by their modest exterior, the
moderation of their conduct to all those with whom they
have affairs, and by the honorable simplicity which accom-
panies all their actions. But if we consider them as legis-
lators, they will not appear to us to the same advantage.
The maxims which have to regulate the actions of states-
men are not the same as those according to which an indi-
vidual should conduct himself.
The spirit of this sect is too inflexible to be adapted for
80 the circumstances of time, and for the rapid revolutions
to which all society is exposed and to which every system
must adapt itself.
Report
81 Containing the continuation of what happened in Pennsyl-
vania from the first incursions of the savages, Chnanons
and Delawares, to the end of August, 1756.
'HE defeat of General Braddock having quite de-
cided in the interests of France, the savages
living on the banks of the Ohio, some bands of
these made a few inroads on the borders of
Pennsylvania where they knew that the Eng-
lish were not on their guard. They tried to
82 win the Delawares who had their dwellings in the vicinity
The Braddock Expedition.
3i
§3
of this colony and on its borders. And when these savages
hesitated before they took a part, the imprudence of the
English determined them to declare themselves against
them. Here is what gave rise to it.s
Some Englishmen had been sent out as scouts and had TheDela-
come to Shamokin. Shortly after a small detachment of ^"gSthee^.
Frenchmen and savages arrived from the banks of the selves against
Ohio in the vicinity. Scarrogady, one of the chiefs of the the English.
Iroquois tribes, warned the English to retire, and advised
them to go back the eastern bank of the river. There-
fore they decided to return, but, instead of taking the way
by the eastern side of the river, they passed by the western
side. This made them fall into ambuscade which the
French band had laid them. Four of them were killed;
the others fled away.
Immediately after the defeat of these Englishmen, a
trader9 of the same nation came to Wyoming and told the
the savages, the Delawares, of this village that it was well
known that they had killed his countrymen and that the
English would avenge themselves on their nation. These
words moved a great number of Delawares to meet at
Wyoming in order to make head against the English, if
they came attacking them. This meeting of the savages
was regarded by the English as the first step in declaring
hostilities which they intended to begin against them. Ac-
cordingly, without making any further inquiries and with-
out waiting till the Delawares had attacked them, they
seized all those who were settled in the colony and arrested
232 of them, of both sexes and all ages.
One of these prisoners escaped and gave his countrymen
notice of what had just happened in Pennsylvania. Hear-
U
«S
8 Account of the conferences of Johnson with the Iroquois.
9 Those who trade with the savages in their villages are called traders.
32 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
ing this they were still more on their guard and sent out
scouts to see if some bands of the English did not advance
86 to begin hostilities.
They put the Meanwhile four Englishmen arrived. They were dep-
resentativw" ut*ec* ^ut t0° ^ate to arrange with the savages about the dis-
to death. sension. When they had given an account of their mission
and made some proposition for an arrangement, the savage
who had escaped out of prison, seeing that the Delawares
were ready to negotiate with them, cried: " Do not believe
in what these men tell you, they only intend to deceive you
in order to take you prisoners or to put you to the edge of
87 the sword." At once the savages, interrupting the con-
ference, rushed to their battle-axes and put the four repre-
sentatives to death. So hostilities began. A part of the
fatal consequences which they had for the English was
already to be seen; the savages continued to attack them
They destroy with the same success. In the January of the present year
Ninismks. ^y fejj Up0n t^e vii}age of Ninisinks, where they put to
death 78 persons and burnt 43 habitations.10 One of the
chiefs of the Delawares, called Captain Jacob, having dis-
tinguished himself chiefly in these incursions, a price was
set on his head at Philadelphia, just as on that of some other
chiefs of the savages, which made them hate the English
still more.
8S All these hostilities made arrangements in Pennsylvania
go more quickly. The law for the establishment of a
militia in this colony was not very successful; nobody has-
tened to enlist. In fact, this would have been a trick. As
the Tremblers, the Anabaptists, and all those who on prin-
ciple of conscience have declared against carrying arms,
even as those of other religions who did not want to engage
10 Extract from a letter written in Virginia last February 4th.
The Br ad dock Expedition. 33
in it, were not on that account subjected to any charge or
special tax. The result of it was that those who would 89
have enlisted in the militia, had had as only compensation
the honor of serving their country at their own expenses
and of providing for the surety of those who had not the
same willingness.
But this law served at least as a plan of levying bodies Levyoftroops
of infantry maintained entirely on a war-footing; and the in ennsy~
1 ii vania.
subsidy of 1,365,000 livres (£60,000) awarded by the
Assembly at the end of November was employed for their
pay and equipment, and for the building of forts to protect 9°
the colony and to put an end to the incursions of the
savages.
In the beginning of May there were already 1,500 men
levied. They only thought of remaining on the defensive,
these troops having little experience. Besides there was
want of muskets in the colony to arm them conveniently.
The arrival of a ship which brought two thousand guns
for the government removed this inconvenience.
Towards the end of May the Assembly resolved that TheAssem-
there once more a sum of £40,000 (910,000 livres tour- b,ygra"ts.,a
new subsidy.
nois) should be levied by a tax on estates, and ordered that
it should be applied to the defence of the colony.11 All 91
this did not pass without debates. The disputes of the As-
sembly with the Governor still continued and public affairs
suffered much delay. The Tremblers did not desist from
their system of non-resistance, in spite of the bad situation
of the colony. Their fanatic and strange obstinacy, how-
ever, discredited their party. Six members of this sect, ap- 93
parently fatigued of finding so much opposition to their
opinions, resigned their place in the Assembly on June 3.
11 Letter from Philadelphia last May 31st.
34
The Pennsylvania-German Society.
The English
try to recon-
cile them-
selves with
the Dela-
wares.
9'3
94
93
About the same time their most celebrated preachers, see-
ing the hatred which their peaceful sermons attracted them
from the other sects, came to the decision to leave the
colony and to pass over to Ireland. At that time some
deputies of the Tremblers from London were expected and
there was hope they would appease these troubles.
Although war against the Delawares had been declared
in due form, in the beginning of spring, in the meantime,
they let the colony remain rather quiet for about six weeks.
These advantages were owing to the negotiations of Sir
William Johnson.12 He had exerted his influence over the
Iroquois to engage them in bringing the Delawares and the
Shawaneses or Chouanons to peace again. The Iroquois
have a great ascendency over these savages ; they conquered
and subjected them in earlier times. To-day they regard
them as their allies and they call them cousins in their har-
rangues. The proceedings of Johnson were highly as-
sisted by the intervention of some of the most important
Tremblers who persuaded a tribe of the Iroquois with
whom they had held a conference to take part in bringing
about the same end. The English profited by this time of
tranquility to again take some places they had abandoned
and to fortify themselves there. They even planned to
build a considerable fort at Shamokin on the Susquehanna,
an important passage near the Allegheny Mountains, about
150 miles (54 lienes communes) in the northwest of Phila-
delphia. Four hundred men were to be sent there for this
purpose. But the news of the taking of Fort Bigham
spread consternation and depression among them.
The fort situated in the valley of the Tuscorara protected
12 He is the one that commanded the English in the battle fought last
autumn near Lake Holy Sacrement.
The Braddock Expedition.
35
awares con-
tinue.
97
the colony on that side. On June 1 1 it was assailed, car-
ried by storm and burnt down by the savages; all those who
were in were put to death or led away as prisoners. After
the retreat of the enemies there was no whole body to be
found except that of a pregnant woman who had been
murdered and scalped13 near the fort.
This new loss did not stop the negotiations with the 96
savages. Mr. Morris proclaimed on the sixteenth at Phil- The Pefce
adelphia that the hostilities against the Delawares should with the Del.
cease for thirty days or at least till the result of the meas-
ures taken to reconcile them firmly with the English had
been published. Sir Johnson who had left his estate above
Albany14 on June 3 to continue his negotiations with the
savages passed several villages of the Iroquois. Having
assembled their most important chiefs at Onondago, he
made them such fine promises that several assured him not
only to remain faithful to the English but even to make all
their efforts to reconcile them with those of their brethren
and their friends who had taken their battle-axes against
them. The Tremblers of Pennsylvania15 encouraged by
these hopes exerted themselves again to obtain a conference
with the chiefs of the Delawares, and got the permission
to send a deputation into the village where their chiefs
generally assemble when treating on questions interesting 98
the people. This deputation was rather kindly received They receive
and many speeches were made on both sides. William a deputation.
Penn, when establishing the first settlements of Pennsyl-
vania, had had the policy of obtaining influence with the
savages and attaching them by presents. His memory is
13 Letters of Philadelphia, June 17.
14 Letters of Albany, June 11.
15 Letters of Philadelphia, July 22, and account of the conferences of Sir
Johnson.
99
with the Del
awares.
ioo
36 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
still held in veneration by them. When they speak of him
they call him " Onas," a surname for a friendship given
him during his lifetime. The deputies of the Tremblers
announced themselves as his descendents, having the same
peaceful feelings as he and the same faithfulness in keeping
their word. The Delawares showed much grief at all that
had happened. Presents were given them. A project
of a treaty was agreed upon and it was resolved to meet at
Bethlehem, a village twenty-five miles to the northeast of
The English Philadelphia, in order to sign it. Therefore, in the middle
make peace of July, two deputies of the Council and three deputies of
the Assembly set out to go to Bethlehem, taking with them
about fifty of the chief Tremblers, as the savages had de-
clared they would not sign any treaty without them. Sev-
eral chiefs of the Delawares with a hundred warriors went
to the same place. We are assured that peace was signed
with them and that they promised to show themselves op-
posed to all those of their nation who would trouble the
children of Onas and that they would treat them as their
own enemies.
Taking of The treaty for which Captain Jacob, on whose head a
Fort Gran- price had been set at Philadelphia, surely had not been
called did not detach him from France. In the beginning
of August he again spread terror in the colony.16 He was
one of the principal chiefs of a party of savages near the
Ohio and the Delaware, at the head of whom some French-
men of the garrison of the forts of these parts were. This
body, having left their baggage and horses about five days'
journey from the inhabitated places in Pennsylvania, di-
vided in order to make incursions into this colony. The
102 most considerable detachment, consisting of about a hun-
16 Private letters of Philadelphia, August 19'.
The Br ad dock Expedition. 37
dred men, amongst whom there was Jacob, entered the
county of Cumberland and marched towards Fort Gran-
ville, which protects the valley of Sheerman. Captain
Ward had just left this fort with his ensign and the strong-
est part of his company; he had only left his lieutenant
with twenty-three men to protect some reapers who worked
in the valley. The detachment of the Frenchmen and sav-
ages first harassed Captain Ward on his retreat. But their
leader, judging by this meeting that the garrison of Fort io3
Granville could not be considerable, came to the decision
to attack it at once. The Frenchmen and the savages,
having passed the night in the forests, marched the next
day along the river Juniata, and having arrived quite near
the fort, they picked up combustible materials and set the
palisades enclosing it on fire. Armstrong, lieutenant of
Ward, who commanded there, came running up to put this
fire out; he himself and an English soldier were killed and
three were wounded. The French then offering to give
the English quarter if they surrendered themselves, they 104
at once opened the gates of the fort. There was only one
savage slightly wounded during this attack; twenty-two
soldiers, three women, and six children were taken pris-
oners. The French, after having raised their standard on
the fort, shared their prisoners with the savages. They
loaded them with sugar and the very best they found in the
fort and went away. When at some distance, the troops
made a halt and the French commander sent back Captain
Jacob with his savages to burn and destroy the fort, which
he did. The French, arriving at the place where they had ios
left their baggage, found there ten savages and some Eng-
lish prisoners, who told them that other savages having
come back from their incursions, had already returned to-
wards the Ohio with a great number of prisoners.
38 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
During the expedition against Fort Granville some small
bodies of savages appeared in the other districts of the
county of Cumberland. Two soldiers were killed and one
wounded near Fort Dowell, August 5 ; on the seventh, one
106 inhabitant was killed in the same district, on the eighth,
another was put to death, and four of his children were
carried away. All the inhabitants of the valleys of Juniata
and Sheerman were abandoned on account of these incur-
sions, and there was general consternation in the colony.
But it is astonishing that all these troubles and alarms
were the work of two tribes of savages, the Chouanons and
the Delawares, who have scarcely eight hundred warriors
altogether. What, therefore, have not the English to
fear now, as the taking of Oswego or Choueguen opens
their colonies to the incursions of all the tricks of savages
who are allied to us? The destruction of the forts they
io7 had erected there, is all the more important as, through
this station, in the center of Canada, they kept the whole
colony in check. It will not be necessary now to have
strong garrisons in the Forts Frontenac, Niagara and
others on Lake Ontario. A great many of the troops and
the savages, who had to be there for their safety, may now
be employed to attack the English. I shall not add here
any idea of my own. I leave to those who read this book
the pleasure of making speculations on the new successes
108 which we are expecting from the courage and the willing-
ness of our troops, of our Canadians, and of the savages
who are our allies. If, in addition, the English have be-
gun hostilities in southern America, with the most resolute
audacity, they have supported the but little favorable idea
which people had of their bravery.
COMPILED AND EDITED BY
JOHN EDGAR BURNETT BUCKENHAM, A.M., M.D.
TREASURER
PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
October 15, 191S
PRESS OF
THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY
LANCASTER, PA.
TLhe
pem$ylvnnin*(5evrnnn
Society
CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS, FOUNDERS,
ANNUAL MEETINGS, OFFICERS AND
MEMBERS DURING THE FIRST
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF
ITS EXISTENCE
Narrative and Critical History and Church Records
Published in the First Twenty-Five Volumes
of its Proceedings
LANCASTER, PA.
1917
Zbe penns\>lpama*(Serman Society
CONSTITUTION ADOPTED APRIL ij, 1891
WITH AMENDMENTS
CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE I— Name
The name of this organization shall be " The Pennsylvania-German
Society."
ARTICLE II— Object
The object of the Society shall be :
First: To perpetuate the memory and foster the principles and virtues of
the German ancestors of its members, and to promote social intercourse among
the latter.
Secondly: To discover, collect and preserve all still existing documents,
monuments, etc., relating to the genealogy and history of the Pennsylvania-
Germans, and from time to time publish them, particularly such as shall set
forth the part belonging to this people in the growth and development of
American character, institutions and progress.
Thirdly: To gather by degrees a library for the use of the Society, com-
posed of all obtainable books, monographs, pamphlets, manuscripts, etc., relat-
ing to the Pennsylvania-Germans.
Fourthly: -To cause statedly to be prepared and read before the Society,
papers, essays, etc., on questions in the history or genealogy of the Pennsylvania-
Germans.
4 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
ARTICLE III— Membership
Section I. First: The members of the Society shall consist of three classes,
viz.: Regular, Associate and Honorary.
Secondly : No one shall be eligible as a regular member unless he be of full
age, of good moral character, and a direct descendant of early German or Swiss
emigrants to Pennsylvania.
Thirdly: No one shall be eligible as an associate member unless he be of full
age, good moral character, and of German descent not native in this State,
or a foreign-born German naturalized and resident in this State not less than
ten years. The rights and privileges of an associate member shall be the same
as those of a regular member, except that he shall be ineligible to office, and
shall have no vote on questions of property or location.
Fourthly: Persons who have made the history, genealogy, principles, etc.,
of the Pennsylvania-Germans a special subject of study and research, and any
other persons eminent in their profession or calling, to whatever nationality
they may belong, who have shown themselves in sympathy with the Pennsyl-
vania-Germans, shall be eligible to honorary membership.
Sec. 2. The mode of electing members shall be as follows: Candidates
may be proposed in writing to the Executive Committee. Such nominations,
with a written statement of the name, address, occupation and descent of
each candidate, shall be considered at the next meeting of said Committee
after the nomination has been made, who shall pass thereon. If no objection
be made the said committee shall report favorably upon the nomination, and
the candidates shall be considered as duly elected; but if any member of the
Executive Committee demand a ballot, the election shall be by ballot, and a
two-thirds vote of the members of the Committee present shall be necessary to
elect.
Sec. j. The annual dues of regular and associate members shall be two
dollars.1 In both cases payment must be made in advance. The payment of
twenty-five dollars constitutes any regular a life member.2
1 At the Bethlehem meeting October 16, 1895, the following was offered as an amend-
ment to the by-laws, and adopted:
That the annual dues of the members be increased from $2.00 to $3.00, beginning with
Constitution. 5
Regular and associate members must pay their first annual dues and sign
this Constitution, before entering upon the enjoyment of the rights and priv-
ileges of membership.
ARTICLE IV— Officers
Section 1. First: The officers of the Society shall consist of a President,
two Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer and an Executive Committee of
eleven members.
Secondly: The President, Vice Presidents and Treasurer shall be elected at
each annual meeting; and the President shall be ineligible for re-election.
Thirdly: The Secretary shall be elected for a term of three years and shall
be ex-officio a member of the Executive Committee.
Fourthly: The Executive Committee elected at the first election shall divide
itself into five classes. The first class of two members shall hold office for
five years; the second class of two for four years; the third class of two for
three years ; the fourth class of two for two years, and the fifth class of two for
one year. At each annual meeting thereafter successors shall be chosen to the
class whose terms shall then expire.
Sec. 2. All elections shall be by ballot, under the direction of inspectors,
to be appointed by the President, and a majority of votes shall elect.
the close of the present meeting, and that each member, who has fully paid up all his
dues in accordance with the rules of the Society, shall receive gratis, a copy of the
printed "Proceedings," beginning with Volume VI, of 1896, or with the volume of the
year for which he made his first payment of annual dues, at the increased rate.
2 At the Philadelphia meeting October 15, 1896, the following was offered as an
amendment to the by-laws, and adopted:
Resolved, That the Life Membership fee be increased from $25 to $50, and that
Section 3 of Article III of the By-Laws be amended accordingly.
Sec. 4. Should any member neglect to pay his annual dues for one year after the
same shall become due, he shall ipso facto cease to be a member of the Society, unless,
upon a satisfactory excuse being given, and the payment of all arrearages, the Executive
Committee shall see fit to remit the penalty.
Sec. 5. The Executive Committee shall have power, by a vote of a majority of its
members, to suspend or forfeit the membership of any member of the Society for conduct
likely to endanger the welfare and interests of the Society, an opportunity being first
given such member to be heard before the Executive Committee in his defense.
Sec. 6. Any person who shall cease to be a member of the Society shall forfeit all
right or interest in the property of the Society.
6 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
ARTICLE V— Duties of Officers
First: The duties of the President shall be those usually pertaining to that
office; and also to deliver an address at the annual meeting.
Secondly: The duties of the Vice President shall be the same as those or-
dinarily belonging to that office.
Thirdly: The duties of the Secretary shall be to keep an accurate record
of all the proceedings of the Society; to conduct the correspondence of the
Society; to notify members of the meetings of the Society; to inform officers
and new members of their election ; to countersign all drafts made on the Treas-
urer; and to call and arrange for all writings of the Society, under the direction
of the Executive Committee; he shall also act as Librarian and Curator, and
have the keeping of all books, pamphlets, manuscripts, and personal articles per-
taining to the Society.
Fourthly: The duties of the Treasurer shall be to collect, and under the
direction of the Executive Committee disburse the funds of the Society and
to keep regular accounts thereof, which shall be subject to the examination of
the President and the Executive Committee. He shall submit a statement
thereof to the Executive Committee at each regular meeting, and his accounts
shall be audited once every year.3
Fifthly: The Duties of the Executive Committee shall be to examine and
pass upon the credentials of candidates; to engage suitable persons to deliver
the addresses and prepare the papers contemplated in this Constitution; to
make all other arrangements necessary for the meetings of the Society, and to
transact all business of the Society not otherwise provided for in the Constitu-
tion. It shall also have power to fill any vacancy which may occur from
death or resignation among the officers of the Society, for' the unexpired term
of the office so vacated.
Sixthly : The Executive Committee shall, from time to time, make by-laws,
rules and regulations, and appoint standing committees and sub-committees on
matters not herein determined.4
3 October n, 1893, at the York meeting, an amendment was offered, which was ap-
proved at the Reading meeting, Oct. 3, 1894, making the Treasurer an ex-officio mem-
ber of the Executive Committee.
4 The minute-book of the Executive Committee shows the appointment of the follow-
Constitution. 7
ARTICLE VI— Meetings
i. The Society shall hold one regular meeting each year, to be known as
the anniversary meeting, which shall be characterized by special exercises,
including a banquet, to be arranged for by the Executive Committee.
2. The Executive Committee shall have authority to call three additional
meetings of the Society each year, time and place to be designated by the
Executive Committee, at each of which the current business of the Society
may be transacted, and one or more papers or essays shall be read on questions
in the genealogy or history of the Pennsylvania-Germans.
3. The Executive Committee shall hold its regular meetings on the same
dates as the regular meetings of the Society, and special meetings, whenever
called by its chairman, notice of which must be given to each member of the
Committee not less than ten days prior to the meeting.6
ARTICLE VII— Headquarters
The Headquarters of the Society shall be located in
ARTICLE VIII — Amendments to the Constitution
1. To amend the Constitution an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the mem-
bers present at the annual meeting shall be requisite.
2. Amendments to the Constitution can be offered only at the annual
meeting, and no amendment shall be voted upon at the same meeting at which
it is offered.
ing sub-committees: Membership, Dues and Deliveries, Editorial, Proof and Indexing,
Printing and Illustrating, Genealogy, History and Tradition, Finance, Insignia5 and
Stationery, Pennsylvania-German Dialect Literature, and Pennsylvania-German
Anthology.
5 The following resolution was adopted at the Bethlehem meeting October 16, 1895:
That the Executive Committee be directed and empowered to get up a suitable insignia
for the Society, the details of same to be left to its judgment.
6 February 26, 189 1, the Executive Committee passed a resolution, to hold its meetings
quarterly on the second Wednesday of January, April, July and October in each year.
8 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
BY-LAWS7
I — Order of Business
At all meetings of the Society the order of business shall be as follows:
1. Reading and Adoption of the Minutes of the Previous Meeting.
2. Reports of Officers and Committees.
3. Miscellaneous Business.
4. Reading of Papers or Delivery of Addresses.
5. Adjournment.
II — Annual Meeting
The annual meeting of the Society shall be held on the second Wednesday
of October at such place and hour as the Executive Committee shall appoint,8
and at least ten days' notice of the same shall be sent to each member by the
Secretary.
Ill — Appointment of Committees
All committees except the Executive Committee and its sub-committees
shall be appointed by the President or the Chairman of the meeting, unless
specially named in the resolution creating the committee; and the person
first named shall be chairman of each committee.
IV — The Executive Committee
The Executive Committee shall each year divide itself into the follow-
ing sub-committees : A Committee of Three on Finance ; a Committee of Three
on Genealogy; and a Committee of Five on History and Tradition. These
committees to be appointed by the Chairman.
V — The Committee on Finance
The Committee on Finance shall, at least once in each year, and oftener,
if they choose, audit the accounts and vouchers of the Treasurer of the Society,
and report upon the same at the annual meeting of the Society, and oftener
to the Executive Committee, as they may see fit, or as the latter may order.
7 Adopted by the Executive Committee, July 8>, 1891.
8 Resolution offered at the Bethlehem meeting, October 16, 1895, and adopted: That
the matter of fixing upon a time for the annual meetings be left in the hands of the
Executive Committee.
By-Laws. 9
VI — The Committee on Genealogy
It shall be the duty of the Committee on Genealogy to collect and preserve,
in accordance with the Constitution, information and documents relating to
the Genealogy of the members of the Society, and of the German and Swiss
Settlers of Pennsylvania and of the American colonies. The Committee may
expend the funds of the Society for this purpose, subject to the subsequent ap-
proval of the Executive Committee.
VII — The Committee on History and Tradition
It shall be the duty of the Committee on History and Tradition to collect
and preserve, in accordance with the Constitution, information, documents,
books, and monuments relating to the history and traditions of the members
of the Society, and of the German and Swiss settlers and their descendants
in Pennsylvania and the rest of the United States, and to print and publish
the same; and papers and essays relating to the same, copyrighting original
publications for the benefit of the Society. The Committee may expend the
funds of the Society for this purpose, subject to the subsequent approval of the
Executive Committee.
VIII — Attendance of Members of the Executive Committee
Neglect on the part of any member of the Executive Committee to attend
the meeting of said Committee for three consecutive meetings, shall be a
tender of his resignation from that Committee. But the Committee may ex-
cuse any member for such absence if good and sufficient reasons therefor be
given.
IX — Amendments
These By-Laws can be altered, amended or abrogated only at a regular
meeting of the Executive Committee, by the affirmative vote of six members of
the said Executive Committee.
THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY
Twenty-Five Years of History
After an agitation of the subject, in the early winter of 1891, by the
editors of papers in Lebanon, Lancaster, Berks and Carbon Counties, and the
formal issuance of a Call, a Convention for the purpose of organizing a Penn-
sylvania-German Society met in Lancaster on April 15, 1891. It adopted a
constitution, and effected a permanent organization, with officers and an
Executive Committee.
The First Annual Meeting was held on October 14, 1891, in Harrisburg.
Similar historical, festive and social meetings have followed without a break,
and have included pilgrimages to the Ephrata Cloister, the institutions at
Bethlehem, Washington's Headquarters at Valley Forge, the historical sites at
Germantown and on the Wissahickon, and last, but not least, through Inde-
pendence Hall, Philadelphia.
The Society at present numbers 396 members, residing in different States.
The treasury always has shown a large balance to its credit. The Society has
published annually a volume of Proceedings, in which are treated the history
and influence of the early German settlements, with many interesting and
delightful papers. The work of the Society, usually, is planned by its Execu-
tive Committee, whose meetings are held regularly four times a year. The
Society has published various old church records, and has made its influence
felt in the careful preservation of documents in the Archives of the State of
Pennsylvania.
In this quarter of a century the Society has become strongly rooted, and is
in a very healthful condition. It looks forward to enlarge usefulness, and
advises its members to make sure that their children have taken their places in
this work that it may be continued into future generations.
10
FOUNDERS
^onorabb TEùwin Albright9
SUtirrrna Ifn-matt A. î£rïrk?ruîîrtn
î&absrt Kurij ^ns^tU, $$3.
Jfaank ÎSirï» IHfltettïirrffrr, 3Giil.IL
î^nflrahU? Maurus (&. iEbg10
William ^enru îtglp, IHJL11
3E?? 3Gigb,î (Srumbin?, îcsq.12
Emrpnïi 3. Mnx îfark, SU.
î^flttnrabb Srrrmiab, ££. liras
î&rumnà Abraham S. ifantr, S.S.13
Hrnprrnîï Franklin ICidn îQsvnn, B3.u
E. WitraHo §>roii parii??mnr?15
(Eaptain îttuaara H^itru Eaurh,16
SiîliuB jFrirbrirb. S'arb.sr, ïiitS.
ISfurrrnîï Sijniitar? lEmatmrl #d?mauk, B.ÎL, SOL
j&evmnh Paul to^rhmmtfi, HJ§.
Sl?îî?r?srâ 3a§n §>immn'a S'îaijr, |»*jJL, ILS., KÎI.S.
Cirant f atmg17
s Died December 13, 1902. 14 Died November 13, 1&94.
«Died April +, 1914. 15 Died April 25, 1909.
"Died February 19, 1901. 16 Deceased.
12 Died August 18, 1904. 1T Died July 13, 1905.
13 Deceased.
11
12 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
ANNUAL MEETINGS
1891-1915
Lancaster, County Court House April 15, 1891
Harrisburg, Young Men's Christian Association October 14, 1891
Lebanon, County Court House October 12, 1892
York, County Court House October n, 1893
Reading, Hall of McLean Post, No. 16, G. A. R October 3, 1894
Bethlehem, Young Women's Christian Association October 16, 1895
Philadelphia, Historical Society of Pennsylvania October 15, 1896
Lancaster, Orange Street Opera House October 22, 1897
Allentown, Euterpean Club October 14, 1898
Ephrata, Bethany Reformed Church October 20, 1899
Easton, First Reformed Church October 26, 1900
Harrisburg, Board of Trade Building October 25, 1901
Norristown, Young Men's Christian Association Hall. .. .October 3, 1902
Lebanon, Salem Memorial Lutheran Chapel October 22, 1903
Germantown, Market Square Presbyterian Church October 25, 1904
Reading, Chapel of St. Paul's Memorial Reformed Church October 27, 1905
Allentown, Chapel of Muhlenberg College November 2, 1906
Philadelphia, Historical Society of Pennsylvania November 8, 1907
Lancaster, Chapel of Franklin and Marshall College November 6, 1908
Bethlehem, Moravian Sunday School Building, October 29, 1909
York, Parish House of Christ Lutheran Church October 14, 1910
Harrisburg, Senate Chamber of the State Capitol October 20, 191 1
Riegelsville, St. John's Reformed Church October 4, 19 12
Philadelphia, Auditorium, Houston Hall, Univ. of Penn. .October 17, 1913
Lancaster, First Reformed Church November 13, 19 14
Reading, Young Men's Christian Association Hall. . . October 15, 1915
Officers. 13
OFFICERS
1915-1916
President
Prof. George Taylor Ettinger, Ph.D.
Vice-Presidents
Colonel Harry C. Trexler
Frank Shalter Livingood, A.B. (Harvard)
Secretary
Daniel Wunderlich Nead, M.D.
(P. O. Box 468, Reading, Pa.)
Treasurer
John Edgar Burnett Buckenham, M.D.
{Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.)
Executive Committee
Reverend Theodore Emanuel Schmauk, D.D., LL.D., Chairman
John Edgar Burnett Buckenham, M.D., Ex-Officio
Reverend L. Kryder Evans, D.D.
Benjamin Franklin Fackenthal, Jr., Sc.D.
Harry Winslow Fegley
George Albert Gorgas, Ph.G.
Naaman Henry Keyser, D.D.S.
Ulysses Sidney Koons, LL.B.
Daniel Wunderlich Nead, M.D., Ex-Officio
Prof. Albert George Rau, Ph.D.
Charles Rhoads Roberts
Julius Friedrich Sachse, Litt.D.
William Kopp Tritle Sahm, M.D.
Reverend Nathan C. Schaeffer, D.D., LL.D.
Abraham S. Schropp
Porter William Shimer, Ph.D.
Reverend John Baer Stoudt
14 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY DURING THE FIRST
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF ITS EXISTENCE.
PRESIDENTS
1 891 Hon. George F. Baer, LL.D. Pro Temp.18
1891-1892 William Henry Egle, M.D.19
1 892-1 893 Henry L. Fisher, Esq.
1 893-1 894 Reverend George Crider Heckman, D.D., LL.D.
1 894-1 895 Hon. Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker, LL.D.
1 895-1 896 Frank Ried Diffenderffer, Litt.D.
1896-1897 Reverend Theodore Emanuel Schmauk, D.D., LL.D.
1 897-1 898 Reverend Nathan C. Schaeffer, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D.
1 898-1 899 E. Winfield Scott Parthemore.20
1 899-1 900 Reverend Franklin Jacob Fogel Schantz, D.D.
1900-1901 Reverend Thomas Conrad Porter, D.D., LL.D.21
1901-1902 Professor Charles Francis Himes, Ph.D., LL.D.22
1901-1902 Reverend Joseph Henry Dubbs, D.D., LL.D.
1902-1903 Reverend Joseph Augustus Seiss, D.D., LL.D., L.H.D.
1 903-1 904 Reverend John Summers Stahr, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D.
1 904-1 905 Hon. James Addams Beaver, LL.D.
1905-1906 Hon. Gustav Adolph Endlich, LL.D.
1 906-1 907 Benjamin Matthias Nead, Esq.
1 907-1908 Hon. John Wanamaker, LL.D.
1 908-1 909 Thomas C. Zimmerman, Litt.D.
1 909-1 9 10 General John Edwin Roller
18 At the organization meeting held on April 151, 1891, Hon. George F. Baer, LL.D.,
President of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company, presided until the elec-
tion of officers and a permanent organization was effected.
19 At the organization meeting Dr. Egle, Librarian of the State of Pennsylvania, was
elected president and at the annual meeting held on October 14, at Harrisburg, was
reelected.
20 Advanced to the office of President to fill the vacancy caused by Judge Albright,
who was elected but declined to serve as President.
21 Elected October 26, 1900; died April 27, 1901.
22 Elected Vice-President October 26, 1900, and appointed President July 19, 1901,
by the Executive Committee.
Officers. 15
1910-1911 Reverend Henry Eyster Jacobs, D.D., LL.D., S.T.D.
1911-1912 Lieut. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg Richards, Litt.D.
19 12-19 1 3 Benjamin Franklin Fackenthal, Jr., Sc.D.
1913-1914 Julius Friedrich Sachse, Litt.D.
1914-1915 Hon. William Uhler Hensel, LL.D., Litt.D.23
1914-1915 William Frederick Muhlenberg, M.D., LL.D.24
1914-1915 Hon. Harman Yerkes
1 91 5-1 91 6 Prof. George Taylor Ettinger, Ph.D.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
1891-1892 Henry Augustus Muhlenberg, Esq.
Hon. Edwin Albright
1 892-1 893 Hon. Edwin Albright
Jacob H. Redsecker, Ph.M.
1 893-1 894 Hon. John B. Warfel
Captain Edward Henry Rauch
1 894-1 895 General John Peter Shindel Gobin
Reverend Nathan C. Schaeffer, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D.
1 895-1 896 Reverend Franklin Jacob Fogel Schantz, D.D.
Right Reverend Joseph Mortimer Levering, D.D.
1 896-1 897 Hon. James Addams Beaver, LL.D.
Reverend Matthias Henry Richards, D.D.
1897-1898 Reverend Thomas Conrad Porter, D.D., LL.D.
Hon. John Bayard McPherson, LL.D.
1 898-1 899 Reverend Joseph Henry Dubbs, D.D., LL.D.
E. Winfield Scott Parthemore25
1 899-1900 Hon. Gustav Adolph Endlich, LL.D.
Hon. Christopher Heydrick, LL.D.
23 Elected November 13, 1914, died February 27, 1915.
24 Elected Vice-President November 13, 1914; appointed President by the Ex-
ecutive Committee; died August 25, 1915.
25 Advanced to the Office of President to fill the vacancy caused by Judge Albright
declining to serve as President.
i6 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
1 900-1901 Reverend Joseph Henry Dubbs, D.D., LL.D.
Professor Charles Francis Himes, Ph.D., LL.D.26
Reverend Joseph Augustus Seiss, D.D., LL.D., L.H.D.27
1901-1902 Reverend Joseph Augustus Seiss, D.D., LL.D., L.H.D.
John Peter Keller, D.D.S.
1 902-1 903 Hon. Irving P. Wanger
Reverend Paul deSchweinitz, D.D.
1 903-1 904 Henry Clay Grittinger, Esq.
Ira Christian Schock
1 904-1 905 Benjamin Matthias Nead, Esq.
Ethan Allen Weaver, CE., M.S.
1905-1906 Isaac Hiester
Bishop Nathaniel Bertolet Grubb
1 906-1 907 George Taylor Ettinger, Ph.D.
Professor John Eyerman, F.Z.S. (London), F.G.S.A.,
F.A.G.S., M.LM.E.
1 907-1 908 James McCormick Lamberton, Esq.
Carl Hess Niemeyer, CE.
1 908-1 909 Hon. William Uhler Hensel, LL.D., Litt.D.
Reverend Philip C. Croll, D.D.
1909-1910 Lieut. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg Richards, Litt.D.
John Franklin Mentzer, M.D.
1910-1911 Robert Cabeen Bair, Esq.
Benjamin Franklin Fackenthal, Jr., Sc.D.
1911-1912 Hon. Frank M. Trexler, LL.D.
George Albert Gorgas, Ph.G.
1912-1913 Alfred Percival Smith, A.B. (Haverford and Harvard)
LL.B.
Reverend George Washington Sandt, D.D.
1913-1914 Edgar Dubs Shimer, Ph.D., LL.D.
Hon. Christopher Heydrick, LL.D.28
26 Appointed to the office of President July 19, 1901, to fill the vacancy caused by the
death of Reverend Thomas Conrad Porter, D.D., LL.D., who died April 27, 1901.
27 Appointed July 19, 1901, to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Professor
Himes to the office of President, caused by the death of Dr. Porter.
23 Died October 91, 191+.
Officers.
17
1914-1915 William Frederick Muhlenberg, M.D., LL.D.29
Hon. Harman Yerkes30
Albert K. Hostetter, Esq.31
1915-1916 Colonel Harry C. Trexler
Frank Shalter Livingood, A.B. (Harvard)
Elected.
Apr. 15, 1891
Oct. 3, 1894
Oct. 29, 1909
Oct. 15, 1915
SECRETARIES
Frank Ried Diffenderffer, Litt.D. . . . Oct.
Lieut. Henry M. M. Richards, Litt.D. Oct.
George Taylor Ettinger, Ph.D Oct.
Daniel Wunderlich Nead, M.D.
Retired.
3, 1894
29, 1909
15. I9I5
TREASURERS
Elected. Retired.
Apr. 15, 1891 Julius Friedrich Sachse, Litt.D Oct. 17, 1913
Oct. 17, 1913 John Edgar Burnett Buckenham, AM., M.D.
MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE32
Elected. Retired.
Apr. 15, 1 89 1 Reverend J. Max Hark, D.D., Chairman Oct. 3, 1 894
Apr. 15, 1891 Lee Light Grumbine, Esq Oct. 15, 1896
Apr. 15, 1891 Henry Augustus Muhlenberg, Esq Oct. 12, 1892
Apr. 15, 1891 Captain Edward Henry Rauch Oct. 3, 1894
Apr. 15, 1891 Hon. Jeremiah S. Hess Oct. 11, 1893
Apr. 15, 1891 E. Winfleld Scott Parthemore Oct. II, 1893
Apr. 15, 1891 Hon. Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker, LL.D. Oct. 3. 1894
Apr. 15, 1891 Clement Zwingli Weiser, D.D July 18, 1895
Apr. 15, 1891 Christian Philip Humrich Apr. 23, 1895
29 Advanced to the office of President on the death of Hon. William Uhler Hensel,
LL.D., Litt.D. Died August z$, 1915.
30 Advanced to the office of President on the death of William Frederick Muhlen-
berg, M.D., LL.D.
31 Appointed Vice-President to fill the vacancy caused by the advancement of Judge
Yerkes to the Presidency.
32 The members of the first Executive Committee were elected on April 15, 1891,
and reelected on October 14, 1891.
i8
The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Apr.
15.
[891
Apr.
15,
[891
Oct.
12, I
892
Oct.
12,
[892
Oct.
III
[893
Oct.
II,
1893
Oct.
3,
1894
Oct.
3,
1894
Oct.
3,
[894
Oct.
3,
1890
Jan.
9,
1895
Oct.
16,
1895
Oct.
16,
1895
Oct.
16,
1895
Apr.
14,
1896
Oct.
15,
1896
Oct.
15,
1896
Oct.
15,
1896
Oct.
15,
1896
Oct.
22,
1897
Oct.
22,
1897
Oct.
22,
1897
Oct.
14,
1898
Oct.
14,
1898
Jan.
17,
1899
Oct.
20,
1897
Oct.
20,
1899
Oct.
20,
[899
Oct.
26,
1900
Hon. A. Hiestand Glatz Oct.
Frank Ried Diffenderffer, ex-officio Oct.
Reverend Theodore Emanuel Schmauk, D.D. Oct.
Thomas C. Zimmerman Oct.
E. Winfield Scott Parthemore Oct.
Samuel Miller Sener Apr.
Reverend J. Max Hark, D.D Oct.
Captain Edward Henry Rauch Oct.
Lieutenant Henry M. M. Richards, ex-officio Oct.
Julius Friedrich Sachse, Litt.D., ex-officio33 Oct.
Frank Ried Diffenderffer, Litt.D Oct.
Reverend Matthias Henry Richards, D.D. Dec.
Morton L. Montgomery, Esq Oct.
Henry Edwin Slaymaker Oct.
Reverend Nathan C. Schaeffer, Ph.D., D.D. Oct.
Daniel Wunderlich Nead, M.D Oct.
Frank Ried Diffenderffer, Litt.D Oct.
Lee Light Grumbine, Esq Oct.
Rev. Franklin Jacob Fogel Schantz, D.D. Oct.
Rev. Theo. E. Schmauk, D.D., Chairman3^ Oct.
Rev. Franklin Jacob Fogel Schantz, D.D. Oct.
Thomas C. Zimmerman Oct.
Rev. Theodore Emanuel Schmauk, D.D. Oct.
Rev. Nathan C. Schaeffer, Ph.D., D.D. . . Oct.
Reverend L. Kryder Evans, D.D Apr.
Abraham Sebastian Schropp Oct.
Hon. Maurice C. Eby Oct.
John Franklin Mentzer, M.D Oct.
Hon. Maurice C. Eby Oct.
12, 1892
3, 1894
15, 1896
22, 1897
14, 1898
14, 1896
20, 1899
20, 1899
29, 1909
17, I9I3
15, 1896
12, 1898
26, 1900
15, 1896
22, 1897
26, 1900
25, 1901
25, 1901
22, 1897
14, 1898
20, 1899
3, 1902
22, 1903
22, 1903
13, l899
3, 1902
26, 1900
25, I904
27, I905
33 By an amendment to the constitution, adopted October 3, 18194, the Treasurer is
now a member, ex-officio, of the Executive Committee.
34 In 18197, Dr. Schmauk, then President of the Society, was Acting Chairman of
the Executive Committee from April 20th to January 18th, 1898, on which date he
became Chairman of the Executive Committee and has held that office, by annual
reelection, to the present time.
Oct.
26,
1900
Oct.
25>
I90I
Oct.
25,
1 90I
Oct.
3,
I902
Oct.
3,
I902
Oct.
22,
I903
Oct.
22,
I9O3
Oct.
25,
1904
Oct.
25,
I9O4
Oct.
25»
1904
Oct.
27.
1905
Oct.
27,
I905
Oct.
27>
I905
Nov.
2
— >
I906
Nov.
2,
I906
Nov.
8,
I907
Nov.
8,
I907
Nov.
6,
I908
Nov.
6,
I908
Nov.
6,
I908
Oct.
29.
I9O9
Oct.
29,
I9O9
Oct.
29,
I909
Oct.
14,
I9I0
Oct.
14,
I9I0
Oct.
14,
I9IO
Oct.
20,
I9II
Oct.
20,
I9II
Oct.
20,
I9II
Oct.
20,
I9II
Oct.
20,
I9II
Oct.
20,
I9II
Oct.
20,
I9II
Oct.
4,
I9I2
Officers. 19
Daniel Wunderlich Nead, M.D. ........ Oct.
Frank Ried Diffenderffer, Litt.D. Oct.
Lee Light Grumbine, Esq Aug.
Thomas C. Zimmerman Nov.
Abraham Sebastian Schropp Nov.
Rev. Theodore Emmanuel Schmauk, D.D. Nov.
Rev. Nathan C. Schaeffer, Ph.D., D.D. . . Nov.
Reverend L. Kryder Evans, D.D Oct.
John Franklin Mentzer, M.D Oct.
William Kopp Tritle Sahm, M.D Nov.
Daniel Wunderlich Nead, M.D Oct.
Hon. Maurice C. Eby Oct.
Ethan Allan Weaver, M.S., CE. ........ Nov.
Naaman Henry Keyser, D.D. S Oct.
William Kopp Tritle Sahm, M.D Oct.
Thomas C. Zimmerman, Litt.D Nov.
Abraham Sebastian Schropp Oct.
Rev. Theodore E. Schmauk, D.D., LL.D. Oct.
Rev. N. C. Schaeffer, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D. Oct.
Prof. George Taylor Ettinger, Ph.D Oct.
Reverend L. Kryder Evans, D.D Nov.
John Edgar Burnett Buckenham, A.M. . . Nov.
George Taylor Ettinger, Ph.D., ex-offlcio . . Oct.
Daniel Wunderlich Nead, M.D. Oct.
Hon. Maurice C. Eby Jan.
Reverend John Baer Stoudt Oct.
Albert George Rau, Ph.D Oct.
Reverend Ammon Stapleton, D.D Oct.
Charles Rhoads Roberts Nov.
Reverend John Baer Stoudt Oct.
Naaman Henry Keyser, D.D. S Nov.
William Kopp Tritle Sahm, M.D . Nov.
Benjamin Franklin Fackenthal, Jr., Sc.D. Nov.
Abraham Sebastian Schropp
27,
1905
27,
1905
18,
1904
8,
1907
8,
1907
6,
1908
6,
1908
29,
1909
29,
1909
2,
1906
H»
1910
14,
1910
2,
1906
20,
1911
20,
1911
6,
1908
4,
1912
17,
I9I3
17,
I9I3
4,
1912
13,
1914
13,
1914
15,
1915
15,
I9I5
17,
I9I3
15,
1 91 5
4,
1912
17,
1913
13,
1914
15,
1915
2,
1916
2,
1916
2,
1916
1917
20
Oct.
4.
1912
Oct.
4,
1912
Oct.
17,
I9I3
Oct.
17,
I9I3
Oct.
17,
I9I3
Oct.
17,
I9I3
Nov.
13,
1914
Nov.
13,
1914
Nov.
13,
1914
Oct.
15,
1915
Oct.
15,
1915
Oct.
15,
I9I5
Oct.
15,
1915
The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Albert George Rau, Ph.D 191 7
Porter W. Shimer, Ph.D 1917
Rev. Theodore E. Schmauk, D.D., LL.D. 19 18
Rev. N. C. Schaeffer, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D. 1918
Ulysses Sidney Koons, LL.B 1918
John Edgar Burnett Buckenham, A.M., M.D., ex-officio33
Julius F. Sachse, Litt.D 1919
Rev. L. Kryder Evans, D.D 19 19
Charles Rhoads Roberts 1919
George A. Gorgas, Ph.G 1920
Rev. John Baer Stoudt 1920
Harry Winslow Fegley 1920
Daniel Wunderlich Nead, M.D., ex-officio
MEMBERS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY
OCTOBER 15, 1915
Honorary
Elected
Rosengarten, Joseph G., LL.D April 12, 1898
1704 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Life
Buckenham, John Edgar Burnett, A.M., M.D October 25, 1900
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.
Capp, Seth Bunker January 17, 1913
P. O. Box 2054, Philadelphia, Pa.
Gorgas, William Luther April 13, 1892
Harrisburg, Pa.
Krick, Reverend Thomas Henry January 21, 1903
Coplay, Lehigh Co., Pa.
Schmauk, Reverend Theodore Emanuel, D.D., LL.D. April 15, 1891
Lebanon, Pa.
deSchweinitz, Reverend Paul, D.D April 15, 1891
Bethlehem, Pa.
Smith, Alfred Percival July 21, 1896
6391 Overbrook Avenue, Overbrook, Pa.
Weaver, Ethan Allen, C.E., M.Sc January 9, 1895
251 Harvey Street, Germantown, Pa.
Regular
Achey, Frederick Augustus January 15, 1897
Lancaster, Pa.
Acker, A. Lincoln April 28, 1903
1843 Venango Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Adams, Joseph Weaver January 17, 1899
South Bethlehem, Pa.
Amer, William M Ju]y gt j3gr
Lititz, Pa.
Anewalt, Lewis Lincoln November 1, 1906
8114 Walnut Street, Allentown, Pa.
Anspach, Paul B January 10, 1901
61 North Fourth Street, Easton, Pa.
22 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Appel, William Nevin January iS, 1898
33 North Duke Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Arndt, John Stover April 20, 1897
Ardmore, Pa.
Atlee, John • • • • June 24, 1915
Parkton, Md.
Bachert, Augustus Ellsworth, CE., M.E October 28, 1909
1260 Lincoln Avenue, Tyrone, Fa.
Bachman, John A October 25, 1900
Phillipsburg, New Jersey.
Baer, Samuel Adams, Ph.D April 15, 1891
Frostburg, Md.
Bair, Robert Cabeen October 26, 1905
30 South Beaver Street, York, Pa.
Bartholomew, Reverend Allen R., D.D April 20, 1897
4527 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Basehore, Samuel E October 19, 191 1
Mechanicsburg, Pa.
Bausman, John Watts Baer April 15, 1891
Lancaster, Pa.
Beckel, Clarence E May 1, 1912
112 Market Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Bechtel, John Clemmer October 26, 1905
103 West Nippon Street, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bechtel, Joseph B November 1, 1906
4912 Knox Street, Germantown, Pa.
Behm, John William July 19, 1904
420 Reading Terminal, Philadelphia, Pa.
Benze, Reverend C. Theodore, D.D November 1, 1906
Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bernd, Reverend Franklin K October 21, 1907
Kutztown, Pa.
Bertolet, Benjamin October 2, 1902
2113 Columbia Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bertolet, Ira D October 24, 1904
3546 North Eighteenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bieber, Reverend Milton James January 17, 1899
Mount Joy, Pa.
Bittenger, Hon. John Wierman — October 11, 1893
York, Pa.
Bittner, Frank D January 17, 1899
1101 Walnut Street, Allentown, Pa.
Members. 23
Blanck, Joseph E., M.D April 30, 1915
P. 0. box 28, Green Lane, Pa.
Bobb, Henry, M.D November 5, 1908
East Greenville, Pa.
Body, Frederick Rapp October 3, 1912
First Avenue and Chestnut Street, Lebanon, Pa.
Borhek, Morris Augustus October 26, 1 905
211 North Main Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Borneman, Henry Stauffer .January 15, 1897
801 Franklin Bank Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bower, John Lincoln, M.D January 17, 1899
Broad Street Station, Philadelphia, Pa.
Boyer, Reverend Charles Clinton, Ph.D January 9, 1895
Kutztown, Pa.
Brandt, Jacob Luther April 24, 1906
Trenton, Missouri.
Brecht, Prof. Samuel K October 19, 1911
205 East McKinley Avenue, Lansdowne, Pa.
Brendlinger, Peter Franklin, C.E October 2, 1902
1009 Commercial Trust Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bricker, Luther Jackson October 26, 1905
i'i8i Hague Avenue, St. Paul, Minn.
Brillhart, Jacob Herbst October 28, 1909
1433 North Beckley Avenue, Station A, Dallas, Texas.
Brodhead, Albert January 16, iSg-6
131 Centre Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Brower, William, M.D January 11, 1893
Spring City, Pa.
Brownback, Garrett Elwood October 14, 191 5
Linfield, Pa.
Brumbaugh, Gaius Marcus, M.S., M.D April 25, 1907
908 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C.
Brumbaugh, Hon. Martin Grove, Ph.D., LL.D October 21, 1897
254 West Walnut Lane, Germantown, Pa.
Bruner, Alfred Cookman October 24, 1901
Columbia, Pa.
Bruner, Owen M June 26, 1912
150S Land Title Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brunner, Franklin Henry January 16, 1896
108 West Broad Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Buckenham, John Edgar Burnett, A.M., M.D., Life Member October 25, 1900
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.
24 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Burgess, Reverend Ellis Beaver November 7, 1907
501 Vine Street, Connellsville, Pa.
Burgin, George Horace, M.D October 24, 1901
613 West Chelten Avenue, Germantown, Pa.
Burkholder, Albert North October 26, 1905
1340 Mineral Spring Road, Reading, Pa.
Butterwick, Reverend Robert Reuben October 24, 1901
Mountville, Pa.
Capp, Seth Bunker, Life Member January 17, 1913
P. O. box 2054, Philadelphia, Pa.
Closson, James Harwood, M.D October 24, 1904
53 West Chelten Avenue, Germantown, Pa.
Conrad, Hon. Henry C, LL.D October 17, 1913
Georgetown, Delaware.
Conyngham, Redmond April 30, 1915
134 Duke Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Cooper, Reverend Charles Jacob, D.D. July 13, 1898
28 South Thirteenth Street, Allentown, Pa.
Croll, Edward Everett October 19, 1911
5403 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Croll, Reverend Philip C, D.D October 3, 1894
Beardstown, Illinois.
Croll, Sylvester Edward July 18, 1895
40 Fifteenth Street, Buffalo, New York.
Crone, Hon. Frank L April 30, 1915
Manila, P. I.
Dannehower, William F April 16, 1891
8'28 West Marshall Street, Norristown, Pa.
Dapp, Reverend Charles Frederick, Ph.D October 20, 1914
232. Yost Avenue, Spring City, Pa.
Deatrick, Reverend William Wilberforce, Sc.D January 9, 1895
Kutztown, Pa.
Dechert, Hon. Henry Martyn November 7, 1907
3930 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Deisher, Henry K January 18, 1898
Kutztown Pa.
Dempwolf, J. A October 13, 1910
York, Pa.
Derr, Andrew Fein July 18, 1892
Miners Bank Building, Wilkes-Barré, Pa.
Detwiler, Thomas Craig, M.D July 17, 1906
346 West Chestnut Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Members. 25
Dickenshied, Eugene Henry, M.D July *7i 1906
in North Eighth Street, Allentown, Pa.
Diefenderfer, Walter Benneville, M.D April 14, 1896
Tyrone, Pa.
Dietrich, William Joseph November 7, 1907
Allentown, Pa.
Diffenderfer, Reverend George Michael July 20, 1900
229 West Pomfret Street, Carlisle, Pa.
Diffenderffer, Frank Ried, Litt.D • • .Founder
5412 North Duke Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Dubbs, Henry Alfred January 18, 1898
716 Foster Building, Denver, Colorado.
Dumn, Harry Jacob October 26, 1905
136 North Eleventh Street, Reading, Pa.
Edelman, William October 28, 1909
18 Charlotte Street, Pottstown, Pa.
Edelman, Reverend Willis J October 14, 1915
342 North Tenth Street, Lebanon, Pa.
Eggert, Henry Benjamin October 28, 1909
151 Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Emhardt, William Henry November 5, 1908
5521 Germantown Avenue, Germantown, Pa.
Endlich, Hon. Gustav Adolph, LL.D. January 12, 1894
1537 Mineral Spring Road, Reading, Pa.
Eshelman, Edgar Moyer July 14, 1903 '
Takoma Park, D. C.
Ettinger, George Taylor, Ph.D October 15, 1896
Allentown, Pa.
Evans, Reverend L. Kryder, D.D January 18, 1898
221 King Street, Pottstown, Pa.
Everhart, Villias H October 17, 1913
203 Monroe Street, Easton, Pa.
Fackenthal, B. F., Jr., Sc.D July 13, 1898
Riegelsville, Pa.
Falkenstein, Reverend George N October 21, 1907
Elizabethtown, Lancaster Co., Pa.
Fegley, Harry Winslow July 15, 1902
952 North Fifth Street, Reading, Pa.
Fegley, William January 18, 1898
921 North Third Street, Reading, Pa.
Fehr, Oliver Lewis October 29, 1900
19 South Fifth Street, Easton, Pa.
20 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Fritsch, D.D., M.D October 20, 1911
Macungie, Pa.
Flory, Prof. John S June 29, 1911
Bridgewater, Va.
Fogel, Edwin Miller, Ph.D January i6> 18*96
College Hall, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Forney, Joseph Gochnawer, April 13, 1899
Lancaster, Pa.
Fortenbaugh, Abraham October 19, 1911
1713 North Second Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
Foster, William Davis, M.D April 16, 1891
522 Airman Building, Kansas City, Mo.
Fretz, Henry Augustus October 21, 1903
Doylestown, Pa.
Fretz, John Edgar, M.D January 17, 1899
Easton, Pa.
Fretz John Stover October 24, 1901
Doylestown, Pa.
Fretz, Thomas J November 11, 1906
525 Chew Street, Allentown, Pa.
Fry, Reverend Jacob, D.D., LL.D January 9, 1895
Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.
Funk, Hon. Henry S October 13, 1910
Springtown, Pa.
Gerdsen, Reverend Herman Augustus, D.D November 5, 1908
316 West Orange Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Glander, Herman C May 6, 1908
West Alexandria, Ohio.
Gleim, John Stambaugh January 19, 1909
31 North Shippen Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Glessner, James Graham January 12, 1894
York, Pa.
Gobrecht, Neander Augustus .January 15, 1902
309 East Grant Avenue, Altoona, Pa.
Gorgas, George Albert, Ph.G April 13, 1892
Harrisburg, Pa.
Gorgas, William Luther, Life Member , April 13, 1892
Harrisburg, Pa.
Gotwald, Reverend Frederick Gebhart .January 21, 1903
York, Pa.
Graff, William Knapp July 15, 1902
1775 North Avenue, Bridgeport, Conn.
Members. 27
Green, Edgar Moore, M.D .October 21, 1897
222 Spring Garden Street, Easton, Pa.
Grimm, Daniel • April H, 1909
1311 Buffalo Street, Franklin, Pa.
Grittinger, Henry Clay, Esq April 12, 1899
Lebanon, Pa.
Grossart, Lewis J. H April 17, 1913
Allentown, Pa.
Grosscup, Hon. Peter Stenger January 27, 1910
Congress Hall, Chicago, Illinois.
Grubb, Reverend Nathaniel Bertolet .October 2, 1902
715 Berks Street, Philadelphia Pa.
Gruber, Reverend L. Franklin October 28, 1909
1213 Hague Avenue, St. Paul, Minn.
Gruber, Michael Alvin May 6, 1 908
932 O Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.
Guthrie, Harry Jones October 17, 1913
612 Harrison Street, Wilmington, Delaware.
Haak, Isaac Benjamin April 19, 1900
Myerstown, Pa.
Haldeman, Horace L „ July 18, 1895
Marietta, Lancaster Co., Pa.
Harper, Benjamin Franklin November 5, 1908
234 East Penn Street, Germantown, Pa.
Hartman, Edwin M., A.M April 1^ i9or
Franklin and Marshall Academy, Lancaster, Pa.
Hassler, Hon. Aaron Bilyeu November 1, 1906
50 East Orange Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Hauser, James J November 1, 1906
Macungie, Pa.
Hayden, Reverend Horace Edwin .January 11, 1893
33 Mallery Place, Wilkes-Barré, Pa.
Heckman, Frederic Creider January 9, 1895
P. O. Box 16, Wernersville, Pa.
Heckman, Prof. Samuel B., Ph.D October 21, 1903
College of the City of New York, New York City.
Heilman, Samuel Phillips, M.D April 15, 1891
Hathaway Park, Lebanon, Pa.
Heilman, 17. Henry April 16, 1901
920 Walnut Street, Lebanon, Pa.
Heller, Llewellyn J ; October 28, 1909
220 East Broad Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
28 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Heller, William Jacob January 18, 1898
Easton, Pa.
Heller, William John July 15, 1908
156 South New Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Herbst, George Edwin M., M.D October 26, 1905
Oley, Berks Co., Pa.
Hershey, Andrew Hiestand January 11, 1893
4147 West Orange Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Hess, Hon. Abraham .April 15, 1891
Lebanon, Pa.
Hess, Hon. Jeremiah S Founder
Hellertown, Pa.
Hess, Reverend Warren Carpenter October 14, 1915
130 East Cumberland Street, Lebanon, Pa.
Hiester, Isaac January 9, 1895
530 Washington Street, Reading, Pa.
Hilliard, Clinton October 25, 1900
214 North Third Street, Easton, Pa.
Himes, Prof. Charles Francis, Ph.D., LL.D .January 15, 1897
Carlisle, Pa.
Himmelwright, Howard April, 20, 1911
1143 Lincoln Avenue, Tyrone, Pa.
Hinke, Reverend William John, Ph.D., D.D., Associate Member July 13, 1S99
1561 North Street, Auburn, New York.
Hodge, Hugh Bayard October 17, 1913
420 West Walnut Lane, Germantown, Pa.
Hoffman, Charles Griffith November 1, 1906
222 E Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.
Holstein, Otto October 19, 19-11
P. O. box 1216, San Antonio, Texas.
Horn, Frank Melchior April 12, 1898
Catasauqua, Pa.
Hostetter, Albert Keller January 18, 1898
715 North Duke Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Hostetter, Harry B January 29, 1915
715 North Duke Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Hottenstein, Hon. Marcus S June 24, 1915
Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Houck, Hon.. Henry April 13, 1892
Lebanon, Pa.
Huntsinger, Emanuel M October 26, 1905
Hegins, Schuylkill Co., Pa.
Members. 29
Illick, Prof. Joseph S .April 17, 1913
Mont Alto, Pa.
Jacobs, Reverend Henry Eyster, D.D., LL.D., S.T.D .October 15, 189^
Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.
Jacobs, Michael William January 18, 1898
P. O. box 37, Harrisburg, Pa.
Johnson, Elmer Ellsworth Schultz January 10, 1901
Neuerweg 19, Wolfenbiittel, Germany.
Jones, George Miller January 18, 1898
52 North Fourth Street, Reading, Pa.
Keck, Winfield Scott January 16, 1896
129 South Second Avenue, Bethlehem, Pa.
Keim George deBenneville • • .May 6, 1908
Edgewater Park, New Jersey.
Keiser, Henry P October 14, 19 15
1530 Mineral Spring Road, Reading, Pa.
Keiter, Reverend William D. C, D.D .October 28, 1909
414 Walnut Street, Allentown, Pa.
Kelker, Luther R October 19, 1899
128 Walnut Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
Keller, Reverend Eli, D.D January 9, 1895
1312 Chew Street, Allentown, Pa.
Keller, William Huestis July 19, 1900
Lancaster, Pa.
Kepner, W. Clinton October 24, 1901
Orwigsburg, Pa.
Keppelman, John A .October 13, 1910
540 Court Street, Reading, Pa.
Kern, Reverend Robert M October 3, 1912
Allentown, Pa.
Keyser, Naaman Henry, D.D. S April 10, 1902
33 High Street, Germantown, Pa.
Klahr, Lewis W April 11, 1904
644 Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Klick, Reverend Ira Werner October 21, 1903
Marietta, Pa.
Klein, H. M. J., Ph.D October 19, 1911
Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa.
Klein, Hon. Theodore Berghaus January 17, 1899
264 Boas Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
Klein, Warren Frantz, M.D October 21, 1903
801 Walnut Street, Lebanon, Pa.
30 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Kline, Hon. Charles Howard November j, 1907
1002 Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Kline, Clarence Winfield January 9, 1895
141 West Diamond Avenue, Hazleton, Pa.
Kline, Reverend Harry Charles October ax, 1903
27 South High Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Kline, James Nourse January 19, 1904
5119 West Fourth Street, Williamsport, Pa.
Kline, Reverend John Jacob, Ph.D July 20, 1900
Pottstown, Pa.
Kline, Reverend William H. .October 13, 19 10
West Hazleton, Pa.
Klopp, Eli Leinbach, M.D January 18^ 1898
Eighth Street, and Oak Lane, Oak Lane, Philadelphia, Pa.
Knappenberger, Reverend J. William, A.M January 16, 1902
Niantic, Conn.
Knauss, James Owen January 18, 1906
Department of Public Instruction, Harrisburg, Pa.
Knipe, Irvin P .April 16, 1901
50 East Chestnut Street, Norristown, Pa.
Kolb, Reuben October 25, 1900
Easton, Pa.
Koons, Ulysses Sidney, LL.B .July 13, 1899
4707 Cedar Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Kotz, Adam L., M.D October 25, 1 900
32 South Fourth Street, Easton, Pa.
Krause, Edward John October 21, 1903
67 Lehigh Avenue, Bethlehem, Pa.
Krause, John Samuel October 28, 1909
Bethlehem, Pa.
Kreider, Reverend Charles Daniel ' pril 13, 1899
Lititz, Pa.
Krick, Reverend Thomas Henry, Life Member .January 21, 1903
Coplay, Pa.
Kriebel, Howard Wiegner July 20, 1894
Lititz, Pa.
Kriebel, Reverend Oscar Schultz, D.D January 16, 1896
Pennsburg, Pa.
Krout, Jacob Henry ,T'-.1V 19, 1904
Glenolden, Pa.
Kuebler, Harry J u gj% 1910
Easton, Pa.
Members. 31
Kuhns, John April 30, 19-15
Haverford, Pa.
Kuhns, Prof. Levi Oscar July x8, 1892
Middletown, Conn.
Lambert, Reverend James Franklin April 25, 1907
Catasauqua, Pa.
Lambert, Prof. Marcus Bachman • . .April 16, 1901
1816 Fairmont Street, Allentown, Pa.
Landes, Gared C April 17, 1913
2026 Wallace Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Landis, Hon. Charles Israel July 14, 1903
140 North Duke Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Landis, David Bachman November I, 1906
381 East Chestnut Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Landis, Harrison October 28, 1900
Oak Lane, Philadelphia, Pa.
Landis, James Miller July 18, 1899
Room 509, 1001 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Laubach, George Abraham October 25, 1900
Easton, Pa.
Laubach, John R October 17, 1913
341 South Broad Street, Nazareth, Pa.
Leibensperger, Reverend Ambrose William April 19, 1899
Lebanon, Pa.
Leinbach, Reverend Paul Seibert, D.D October 20, 1911
Easton, Pa.
Leinbach, Reverend Thomas Hoch July 13, 1899
136 Clymer Street, Reading, Pa.
Lemberger, Joseph Lyon January 11, 1893
Lebanon, Pa.
Leopold, Reve" . '. Elmer 0 October 11, 1911
Allento ., Pa.
Lesher, Pierce July 13, 1899
226 West Chestnut Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Lessig, Othniel Bliem April 28, 1903
Pottstown, Pa.
Light, Arville Gelbach .October 24, 1904
425 North Eighth Street, Lebanon, Pa.
Light, Simor r January 11, 1893
I
Lightfoot, itgomery, Ph.D January 17, 1905
593 3 reet, Germantown, Pa.
32 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Livingood, Frank Shaker January 9, 1895
536 Court Street, Reading, Pa.
McClintock, Andrew Hamilton April 20, 1897
34 South River Street, Wilkes-Barré, Pa.
McMinn, Joseph Henderson October 13, 1910
425 Locust Street, Williamsport, Pa.
March, Matthias Levengood October 25, 1900
Bridgeport, Montgomery Co., Pa.
Martin, George Castor May 1, 1912
" Allardyce," Asbury Park, New Jersey.
Mechling, Benjamin Franklin October 15, l«9>6
Seventh & Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
Mechling, Benjamin Schreiber October 15, 1896
Riverton, New Jersey.
Mechling, William Harrison October 15, 1896
Wingohocking Heights, Germantown, Pa.
Meily, George E October 19, 1911
38 North Ninth Street, Lebanon, Pa.
Mentzer, John Franklin, M.D October 11, 1893
Ephrata, Pa.
Metzler, Christian Eby April 21, 1904
67 Commercial Wharf, Boston, Mass.
Meyers, Hon. Benjamin Franklin April 25, 1891
Harrisburg, Pa.
Miller, David A April 28, 1903
2i'8 North Fifth Street, Allentown, Pa.
Miller, David Willoughby November 5, 1908
617 West Race Street, Pottsville, Pa.
Miller, E. Augustus July 20, 1900
1604 North Seventeenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Miller, James Alfred July 20, 1900
New Tripoli, Lehigh Co., Pa.
Miller, J. Henry October 21, 1903
Lebanon, Pa.
Miller, Lemon E July 13» 1899
Lincoln, Lancaster Co., Pa.
Minnich, Reverend Michael Reed January 9, 1895
4935 Larchwood Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
Monnette, Orra Eugene January 17, 1913
308 South Broadway, Los Angeles, California.
More, Reverend Wilson Franklin, D.D October 24, 1901
Bethany Orphans Home, Womelsdorf, Pa.
Members. 33
Mull, Prof. George Fulmer, Litt.D April 1-5, 1891
Lancaster, Pa.
Mylin, Samuel M July 13, 1899
Herrville, Lancaster Co., Pa.
Nead, Benjamin Frank .October 19, 1911
254 Boas Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
Nead, Benjamin Matthias . . . .April 15, 1891
Harrisburg, Pa.
Nead, Daniel Wunderlich, M.D April 15, 1891
P. O. Box 468, Reading, Pa.
Neifert, William Washington July 17, 1906
United States Weather Bureau, Hartford, Conn.
Niemeyer, Carl Hess, CE October 24, 1901
505 South Negley Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Ohl, Reverend Jeremiah Franklin, Mus.D October 24, 1901
826 South St. Bernard Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Opp, Charles Benjamin January 16, 1896
1522 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Orth, Henry C. • • January 11, 1893
223 State Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
Oswald, Amandus January 21, 1903
Centre and Front Streets, Freeland, Pa.
Parsons, Hon. John Fribley October 24, 1901
Emporium, Pa.
Pastorius, Daniel Berkley November 5, 1908
51603 Greene Street, Germantown, Pa.
Pastorius, Samuel Nice October 17, 1913
6305 Germantown Avenue, Germantown, Pa.
Pennypacker, Hon. Samuel Whitaker, LL.D April 15, 1891
Pennypacker's Mills, Pa.
Plitt, Prof. George Lewis January 19, 1904
921 Farragut Terrace, Philadelphia, Pa.
Rath, Reverend Myron O. January 16, 1896
211 North Sixth Street, Allentown, Pa.
Rau, Prof. Albert George, Ph.D November 1, 1906
63 Broad Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Reed, Willoughby H., M.D. October 15, 1896
Jeffersonville, Montgomery Co., Pa.
Reichard, Prof. Harry Hess October 13, 1910
16 North Sovereign Avenue, Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Reider, W. A. Herbert October 14, 191 5
340 Chestnut Street, Reading, Pa.
34 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Reinhard, Osman Franklin October 28, 1909
5115 North Linden Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Reist, Henry Gerber, M.E October 2, 1902
no Avon Road, Schenectady, New York.
Reninger, Edward Henry January 17, 1899
41 South Fifth Street, Allentown, Pa.
Renninger, Reverend Josiah S October 19, 1911
R. F. D. No. 3, Allentown, Pa.
Richards, Reverend H. Branson January 18, 1898
Lebanon, Pa.
Richards, Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, Litt.D. (late Lieut. U. S. N.) July 8, 1891
Lebanon, Pa.
Richardson, Edgar Snyder October 14, 1915
Reading, Pa.
Richardson, William H July 21, 1896
250 Union Street, Jersey City, New Jersey.
Rick, James January 9, 1895
632 Centre Avenue, Reading, Pa.
Riegel, William George October 28, 1909
Bethlehem, Pa.
Rhoads, Thomas Jefferson Boyer, M.D January 9, 1895
Boyertown, Pa.
Ritter, Francis O., M.D January 16, 1900
1430 Hamilton Street, Allentown, Pa.
Roberts, Charles Rhoads July 15, 1902
5120 North Sixth Street, Allentown, Pa.
Rogers, George Hippee April 20, 1897
Lincoln, Nebraska.
Rohr, George January 19, 1909
154 South Queen Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Rohrer, Samuel Ashmead October 24, 1904
" Wallingford," Easton, Md.
Roller, General John Edwin January 16, 1896
Harrisonburg, Va.
Rosenberger, Randle C, M.D September 15, 1908
2330 North Thirteenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Rosenberger, Seward M November 7, 1907
4451 North Twentieth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Ross, George May 6, 1908
Doylestown, Pa.
Rothermel, Abraham Heckman January 9, 1895
538 Court Street, Reading, Pa.
Members. 35
Rothermel, Prof. John Jacob January 18, 1898
1450 Girard Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.
Rothtrock, Reverend Jacob Jonathan October 24, 1904
Lansdale, Pa.
Ruebush, Joseph K October 3, 1912
Dayton, Virginia.
Rupp, Henry Wilson October 10, 1895
1220 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Sachse, Julius Friedrich, Litt.D Founder
4428 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Sahrn, William Kopp Tritle, M.D October 15, 1896
124 Union Station, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sandt, Reverend Charles Milton October 10, 1901
34181 North Nineteenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Sandt, Reverend George Washington, D.D January 18, 1898
1904 Tioga Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Sauber, Charles Alvin January 29, 1915
221 South Queen Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Schaadt, Hon. James L January 9, 1895
536 Hamilton Street, Allentown, Pa.
Schadt, Thomas A. J January 21, 1903
Cementon, Pa.
Schaeffer, D. Nicholas January 9, 1895
1532 Mineral Spring Road, Reading, Pa.
Schaeffer, Reverend Nathan C, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D July 20, 1894
Lancaster, Pa.
Scheffer, Reverend John Ames November 1, 1906
245 North Sixth Street, Allentown, Pa.
Scheidy, Reverend George M January 27, 19 10
Allentown, Pa.
Schmauk, Reverend Theodore Emanuel, D.D., LL.D., Life Member Founder
Lebanon, Pa.
Schmidt, Reverend Ambrose Matthias October 2, 1902
.Bellefonte, Pa.
Schmoyer, Reverend Melville Benjamin Charles July 9, 1901
Macungie, Pa.
Schneder, Reverend Charles Bowman, D.D April 16, 1901
129 North Eighth Street, Shamokin, Pa.
Schnerer, Franklin Elser October 24, 1904
R. F. D. No. 5, Lititz, Pa.
Schnure, Howard Davis October 19, 1899
Selinsgrove, Pa.
36 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Schnure, William M October 17; 1913
Selinsgrove, Pa.
Schoch, Ira Christian January 18, 1898
Selinsgrove, Pa.
Scholl, Charles R., D.D.S October 26, 1905
Second National Bank Building, Reading, Pa.
Schropp, Abraham Sebastian July 20, 1894
107 East Market Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Schwab, Prof. John Christopher, Ph.D., LL.D November 7, 1907
New Haven, Conn.
Schwartz, John Loeser October 25, 1900
Hillcrest, Port Hope, Ontario, Canada.
Schwartz, Leon David October 20, 1914
Siegfrieds, Pa.
deSchweinitz, Reverend Paul, D.D., Life Member Founder
Bethlehem, Pa.
Seibert, William A., M.D July 13, 1899
43 North Fourth Street, Easton, Pa.
Seiler, Felix G July X4, 1903
30 East Lincoln Street, Shamokin, Pa.
Seip, Asher October 25, 1900
1309 Washington Street, Easton, Pa.
Seltzer, A. Frank, Esq July 18, 1893
Lebanon, Pa.
Shea, Joseph Bernard July 9, 1901
c/o Joseph Home Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sheip, Henry H November 7, 1907
Oak Lane, Philadelphia, Pa.
Shenk, Christian April 15, 1891
Fourth and Cumberland Streets, Lebanon, Pa.
Shenk, Harry Jacob October 21, 1903
314 Cumberland Street, Lebanon, Pa.
Shenk, Jacob M January 11, 1893
Lebanon, Pa.
Sherk, Charles Penrose November 7, 1907
602 Cumberland Street, Lebanon, Pa.
Shick, Robert Porter April 20, 1897
320 South Forty-third Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Shimer, Edgar Dubs, Ph.D., LL.D .October 15, 1896
104 Union Avenue, Jamaica, New York.
Shimer, Joseph Rosenbery October 15, 1896
Phillipsburg, New Jersey.
Members. 37
Shimer, Prof. Porter William, E.M., Ph.D October 15, 1896
Easton, Pa.
Shindel, William L., M.D April 24, 1906
28. North Front Street, Sunbury, Pa.
Shoemaker, Samuel June 26, 1912
Land Title Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Shull, John Dolen, M.D. October 25, 1900
Union Station, Baltimore, Md.
Siegrist, Henry Warren July 15, 1897
842 Walnut Street, Lebanon, Pa.
Small, Samuel, Jr January 18, 1898
York, Pa.
Smith, Alfred Percival, Life Member July 21, 1896
6391 Overbrook Avenue, Overbrook, Pa.
Smith, Edgar Fahs, Ph.D., Sc.D., LL.D. October 17, 1913
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Smoll, Reverend Edwin Harrison .January 21, 1903
Schuylkill Haven, Pa.
Snyder, Henry Steinman .October 19, 1899
150 Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Snyder, Reverend Howard Elias .January 29, 1915
104 Wurts Street, Kingston, New York.
Spangler, Adam Franklin October 19, 1899
Ephrata, Pa.
Spangler, Reverend Henry Thomas, D.D October 11, 1893
Collegeville, Pa.
Sperry, Henry Muhlenberg October 24, 1904
P. O. box 1052, Rochester, New York.
Stahr, Reverend John Summers, D.D., LL.D Founder
Lancaster, Pa.
Stapleton, Reverend Ammon, M.S., D.D October 19, 1899
1429 Erie Avenue, Williamsport, Pa.
Stein Reverend James Rauch January 21, 1903
Bethlehem, Pa.
Stein, Reverend Samuel H January 26, 1911
119 South Duke Street, York, Pa.
Steinman, Andrew Jackson April 12, 1898
301 East Orange Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Steinman, George April 15, 1891
Lancaster, Pa.
Steinmetz, Hiram Erb, A.M July i§ !§^
Zion Home, Lititz, Pa.
2 8 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Stem, Reverend George P October 3) 191a
Siegfrieds, Pa.
Stevens, Hon. William Kerper October 26, 1905
1220 Perkiomen Avenue, Reading, Pa.
Stickler, Franklin Adam October 2, 1902
709 Haws Avenue, Norristown, Pa.
Stocker, Reverend Harry C October 3, 1912
456 Elm Street, South Bethlehem, Pa.
Stoever, William Caspar, Esq January 18', 1898
727 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Stonecipher, Reverend John Franklin, D.D .October 25, 1900
25 North Second Street, Easton, Pa.
Stopp, Reverend S. A. Bridges June 28, 1914
Allentown, Pa.
Stoudt, Reverend John Baer July *9i ^«S
Northampton, Pa.
Stout, John Kennedy July xSi 1897
"The Garland," Washington, D. C.
Strassburger, Perry B January 8, 191+
New Stock Exchange Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Summers, William July 20, 1900
Conshohocken, Pa.
Trexler, Edwin G • • -October 28, 1909
927 Hamilton Street, Allentown, Pa.
Trexler, Hon. Frank M., LL.D November 1, 1906
n 1 5: Walnut Street, Allentown, Pa.
Trexler, Col. Harry C January 16, 1896
Allentown, Pa.
Tyson, James, M.D., LL.D October 17, 1913
1506 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Ulrich, Henry Heilman October 17, 1913
152 North Eighth Street, Lebanon, Pa.
Umbenhen, Reverend J. H., Ph.D October 19, 1899
Pottsville, Pa.
linger, Prof. Maurice Simon Henry November 1, 1906
216 West Seventy-second Street, New York City.
Updegrove, Jacob Davidheiser, M.D January :6, 1900
Monroe & Wagner Streets, Easton, Pa.
Vanderslice, Charles Mussina .November r, 1906
602 South Main Street, Phoenixville, Pa.
Wagner, Jacob Alvin ■ January 17', 19*3
Des Moines, Iowa.
Members. 39
Walter, Frank K ■ January 10, 1901
New York State Library, Albany, New York.
Wanamaker, Hon. John January 10, 1901
Philadelphia, Pa.
Wanger, George F. P., CE January 17, 1899
Pottstown, Pa.
Wanger, Hon. Irving P April 16, 1901
827 West Main Street, Norristown, Pa.
Waring, Reverend Luther Hess January 8, 1914
1503 Thirtieth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.
Wayland, Prof. John Walter January 17, 1907
Harrisonburg, Va.
Weaver, Ethan Allen, CE., M.S., Life Member January 9, 1895
251 West Harvey Street, Germantown, Pa.
Weber, Reverend Adam Monroe January 18, 1898
Boyertown, Pa.
Weidman, Grant, Esq October 21, 1903
Lebanon, Pa.
Weidman, Martin L July 13, 1859
Ephrata, Pa.
Weiser, George U October 20, 191 1
York, Pa.
Weller, Reverend Harvey A., D.D April 19, 1900
Orwigsburg, Pa.
Weirick, Charles Donges October 23, 1903
517 Chestnut Street, Lebanon, Pa.
Wenner, Thomas P November 1, 1906
540 North Sixth Street, Allentown, Pa.
Wenrich, Reuben David, M.D October 21, 1903
Wernersville, Pa.
Wentz, Prof. Abdel Ross, Ph.D June 4, 1913
Gettysburg, Pa.
Wetzel, John Wise July 15, 1902
20 South Hanover Street, Carlisle, Pa.
Wieand, Reverend Charles Samuel October 2, 1902
209 Chestnut Street, Pottstown, Pa.
Wissler, Samuel H July 13, 1899
Lincoln, Lancaster Co., Pa.
Witmeyer, Daniel P. October 24, 1901
Lebanon, Pa.
Wolle, Clarence A October 28, 1909
803 Prospect Avenue, Bethlehem, Pa.
4° The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Wolle, Reverend Edward Samuel October 2'6 1905
601 North Eighth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Wonsetler, Franklin Bean October 28, 1909
1348 DeKalb Street, Norristown, Pa.
Wuchter, Reverend Aston Clinton „ January 21 1903
Toledo, Ohio.
Wurts, John S January 26, 191 1
1224 Land Title Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Yeager, Reverend James Martin, D.D july I5> l8o_
Lewistown, Pa.
Yehl, Reverend E. A , October 19, 1911
Bangor, Pa.
Yerkes, Hon. Harman January 17, 1899
Doylestown, Pa.
Young, R. I October 24, 1901
Middletown, Pa.
Zern, Jacob G., M.D April 12> rf94
203 South Third Street, Lehighton, Pa.
Zerbey, Joseph Henry October 26, 1905
Pottsville, Pa.
Zimmerman, Henry S April 2S> 19<)3
135 North Eighth Street, Shamokin, Pa.
TOTAL 396.
DECEASED MEMBERS
Honorary
Died.
Coxe, Hon. Eckley Brinton May 13, 1895
Kell, James June 4, 1899
Latimer, Hon. James W July 22, 1899
Stillé, Charles Janeway, M.D., LL.D August 11, 1899
Life
Eby, Hon. Maurice C April 4, 1914
Schwartz, James Ernest May 16, 1900
Smith, Alfred October 10, 1902
Regular
Albright, Hon. Edwin December 13, 1902
Artman, Col. Enos Reeser September 3, 1912
Baer, George F., LL.D April 26, 1914
Beaver, Daniel Benjamin DeWalt, M.D March 6, 19 10
Beaver, Hon. James Addams, LL.D January 31, 1914
Borhek, Ashton Christian March 6, 1 898
Boyd, Peter Keller November 27, 1901
Boyer, Benjamin Franklin January 3, 1908
Bricker, Major John Randolph October 15, 1906
Bruner, Daniel Pastorius August 29, 1901
Brunner, Frank Riegner, M.D January 13, 1908
Burkert, Oliver Christian .October 29, 1908
Clymer, Hon. William Heister .June 5, 1914
Darmstaetter, Reverend J. July 2, 1909
Davis, Captain Samuel T., M.D October 23, 1908
Diehl, Tilghman H May 10, 191 3
Dotterer, Henry Sassaman January 10, 1903
Dreher, Hon. Samuel S June 26, 1893
Dubbs, Reverend Joseph Henry, D.D., LL.D April 1, 1910
41
42 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Dunmire, George Benson, M.D November 2
Eberly, Adam John August 5
Eby, Hon. Maurice C April 4
Egle, William Henry, M.D February 19
Ermentrout, Hon. Daniel September 17
Ermentrout, Hon. James Nevin August 19
Fisher, Reverend Charles Gutzlafï, D.D February 25
Flores, Lieutenant Philip Wetzel February 27
Fon Dersmith, Charles Allen April 12
Franklin, Walter Mayer June 27
Funck, Captain Josiah July 17
Gilbert, Reverend David McConaughy, D.D October 16
Glatz, General A. Hiestand December 28
Gobin, General John Peter Shindel May 1
Gretzinger, William Christian February 19
Grumbine, Lee Light, Esq August 18
Hanold, Frank Wildbahn January 7
Hanold, Hiester Muhlenberg May 23
Hartman, John Markley, M.E. September 4
Heckman, Reverend George Crider, D.D., LL.D March 5
Heilman, Henry Snavely January 20
Heinitsch, Charles Augustus, M.D December 29
Hensel, Hon. William Uhler, LL.D., Litt.D .February 27
Herr, Martin Luther, M.D February 8
Hertz, Daniel Rhine D.D. S October 1
Heydrick, Hon. Christopher, LL.D October 9
Hobson, Freeland Gotwalts January 1 1
Holls, Hon. George Frederick William, D.C.L July 23
Hostetter, Abraham F June 15
Huff, Hon. George Franklin April 18
Humrich, Christian Philip January 5
Kaufrrnan, Andrew John May 19
Kelker, Rudolph Frederick ■-. October 3
Kelker, William Anthony February 15
Keller, Christian Kunkel, M.D December 7
Deceased Members. 43
Keller, John Peter, D.D.S December 23
Klock, Henry Albright, M.D February I
Klotz, Hon. Robert May 1
Koch, Thomas J February 10
Konigmacher, Jacob November 6
Kulp, George Brubaker February 15
Krotel, Reverend Gottlob Frederick, D.D., LL.D May 17
Lamberton, James McCormick March 28
Landis, Henry, M.D October 1
Lanius, Captain William H January 21
Laubach, William July 30
Lehman, Samuel Kaufman June 4
Levan, Reverend Franklin Klein, D.D November 13
Levan, Louis Sebastian December 26
Levering, Rt. Reverend Joseph Mortimer, D.D April 4
McKnight, Milton Brayton July 9
Marks, Prof. Clement A October 23
Marr, Addison Graham July 4
Maurer, Daniel C December 3 1
Mauser, Jacob B December 28
Meily, James April 20
Meily, Hon. John April 3
Meily, Richard March 3 1
Miller, Daniel August 1
Miller, Prof. Franklin Pierce January 2
Miller, Henry Grant May 1 1
Mish, John Weidman June 14
Muhlenberg, Francis, M.D September 8
Muhlenberg, William Frederick, M.D., LL.D. August 25
Mumma, Hon. David June 20
Nichols, Henry Kuhl, C.E November 22
Oberholtzer, George Rieger February 8
Ott, Charles Henry, M.D November I
Parthemore, E. Winfield Scott April 25
Pflueger, Reverend Oscar Erwin July 22
1907
1908
i895
1915
1912
1915
1907
1915
1898
I9I3
1914
1893
1894
1896
1908
1910
1912
1909
1901
1906
1905
1902
1906
I9I3
1909
1907
1906
1894
1915
1893
1904
I9I3
1909
1909
1912
44 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Porter, Reverend Thomas Conrad, D.D., LL.D April 27
Rau, Robert July 30
Reeder, General Frank December 7
Reeder, Colonel Wilbur Fisk August 28
Redsecker, Jacob H., Ph.M April 20
Reinhold, Lieut. Henry Sherk August 7
Reinoehl, Major Adam Cyrus December 13
Reinoehl, Hon. Adolphus September 29
Reist, Levi Sheaffer May 29
Richards, George Henry December 23
Richards, Reverend Matthias Henry, D.D December 12
Rohrer, Major Jeremiah October 23
Rutter, Amos August 15
Saeger, Thomas William November 19
Santee, Eugene Irving, M.D June 15
Sandt, Charles Albert May 5
Schaeffer, Reverend William Ashmead, D.D July 27
Schantz, Charles Oscar .July 26
Schantz, Reverend Franklin Jacob Fogel, D.D January 19
Sheeleigh, Reverend Matthias, D.D July 15
Schuler, Henry A January 13
Schwab, Gustav Henry November 12
Seidensticker, Oswald, M.D January 10
Seiss, Reverend Joseph Augustus, D.D., LL.D., L.H.D June 20
Shea, Christian Bernard November 18
Shimer, Jacob Schantz, M.D July 27
Shimmel, Lewis Slifer, Ph.D March 9
Shindel, Colonel Jacob Andrew February 16
Shonk, Hon. George Washington April 14
Slaymaker, Henry Edwin September 1
Slaymaker, Colonel Samuel Cochran .February 2
Smith, Reverend Oliver Peter, D.D October 15
Stauffer, David McNeely, C.E February 5
Steinmetz, Hon. Jacob Lieber February 15
Stichter, Franklin Goodhart .August 6
1901
1906
1912
1904
1909
1891
1900
i893
1892
1894
1898
1910
1902
I9I3
I9I5
1909
1907
1911
1907
1900
1908
1912
1894
1904
1900
1898
1914
1895
1900
1905
1894
1911
I9I3
1904
1907
Deceased Members. 45
Stober, Hon. Jeremiah Albert January 17, 1910
Sùtter, Daniel November 23, 1900
Titzel, Christian Edgar March 30, 1913
Unger, John Frederick, C.E April II, 1908
Urner, Isaac Newton, LL.D July 9, 1904
Warfel, Hon. John B April 19, 1908
Weidler, Prof. Albert Green February 17, 1 907
Weidman, Major Grant November 11, 1895
Weiser, William Franklin April I, 1906
Weiss, Hon. John H November 22, 1905
Welles, Edward March 8, 1914
Weygandt, Cornelius Nolen February 17, 1907
Yohe, Samuel Straub October 21, 1902
Young, Colonel James May 4, 1895
Zahm, Samuel Hensel February 5, 1893
Zieber, Eugene B June 6, 1897
Zimmerman, Thomas C, Litt.D. November 3, 1914
NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Among the objects of the Society as set forth in the Constitution are " To
discover, collect and preserve all still existing documents, monuments, etc.,
relating to the genealogy and history of the Pennsylvania-Germans, and from
time to time publish them, particularly such as shall set forth the part belonging
to this people in the growth and development of American character, institu-
tions and progress."
The purpose set forth in the last part of the above extract from the con-
stitution is being carried out under the title " Pennsylvania: The German In-
fluence in its Settlement and Development. A Narrative and Critical
History."
The work has been planned to extend over a number of years and has
been divided into important subjects, each of which will be treated in an
exhaustive manner by some writer whose studies and researches have qualified
him as an authority on his particular subject.
The first two parts of this series of history appeared in volume VII of the
Proceedings, published in 1897, anà" up to the present time twenty-five parts
have been published in the succeeding volumes.
The following parts have appeared in the volumes of Proceedings* so far
published :
Part I. The Fatherland: (1450-1750) showing the part it bore in the Discovery,
Exploration and Development of the Western Continent, with special reference to the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania By Julius Friedrich Sachse, pp. 224, plates 19, maps 2.
Part II. The German Exodus to England in 1709. (/Iftasscn=auswanôerung
Der pfal3Cr) . By Frank Ried Diffenderffer, pp. 157, plates 16.
Part III. The German Emigration to America 1709-1740. By Rev. Henry Eyster
Jacobs, D.D., LL.D., pp. 124, plates 12.
Part IV. The Settlement of Germantown Pennsylvania and the Beginning
of German Immigration to North America By Hon. Samuel Whitaker Penny-
packer, LL.D., pp. 300, plates z&, map 1.
* A complete detailed descriptive list of the Proceedings may be had on application
to the Treasurer.
46
Narrati-ve and Critical History of Pennsylvania. 47
Part V. The German Emigration from New York Province into Pennsylvania
By Rev. Matthias Henry Richards, D.D., pp. 102, plates 8.
Part VI. The Domestic Life and Characteristics of the Pennsylvania-German
Pioneer By Rev. F. J. F. Schantz, D.D., pp. 97, plates 10, facsimile 1.
Part VII. The German Immigration into Pennsylvania through the Port of
Philadelphia, from 1700 to 1775. Part II. The Redemptioners. By Frank Ried
Diffenderffer, pp. 348, plates 22.
Part VIII. The German Baptist Brethren or Dunkers. By George N. Falken-
stein, pp. 1481, plates 11.
Part IX. The Lutheran Church in Pennsylvania (1638^-1800) By Theodore
Emanuel Schmauk, D.D. Vol. I., pp. 366, plates 20.
Part IX. A History of The Lutheran Church in Pennsylvania (1638-1820) By
Theodore Emanuel Schmauk, D.D., pp. 256, plates 18. (Continued from volume XI.)
Part X. The Reformed Church in Pennsylvania By Joseph Henry Dubbs, D.D.,
LL.D., pp. 37T, plates 19.
Part XL The Music of the Ephrata Cloister Also Conrad Beissel's Treatise on
Music as set forth in a preface to The Turteltaube of 1747 By Julius Friedrich Sachse,
Litt.D., pp. 108, plates 5.
Part XII. The Schwenkfelders in Pennsylvania, a Historical Sketch. By
Howard Wiegner Kriebel, pp. 246, plates 17.
Part XIII. American History from German Archives with Reference to the Ger-
man Soldiers in the Revolution and Franklin's Visit to Germany By J. G. Rosengarten,
pp. 101, plates 14, facsimile 1.
Part XIV. Daniel Falckner's Curieuse Nachricht from Pennsylvania The
book that stimulated the great German Immigration to Pennsylvania in the early years of
the XVIII Century translated and annotated by Julius Friedrich Sachse, Litt.D., pp. 264,
plates 13, facsimiles 2.
Part XV. The Pennsylvania-German in the French and Indian War By
Henry Melchoir Muhlenberg Richards Late U. S. N., pp. 559, plates 17, facsimile 1.
Part XVI. The Wreck of the Ship New Era upon the New Jersey Coast No-
vember 13, 1854 By Julius Friedrich Sachse, Litt.D., pp. 61, plates 6.
Part XVII. Governor Joseph Hiester A Historical Sketch By Henry Melchior
Muhlenberg Richards, pp. 53, plates 2.
Part XVIII. The Pennsylvania-German in the Revolutionary War 1775-1783
By Henry Melchior Muhlenberg Richards Late U. S. N., pp. 554, plates 15.
Part XIX. Diary of a Voyage from Rotterdam to Philadelphia in 1728
Translated by Julius F. Sachse, pp. 25, plates 3.
48 The Pennsylvania-German Society.
Part XX. A Brief History of the Colony of New Sweden by Carolus David
Arfwedson, 1825, pp. 44, plates 8', map 1.
Part XXI. An Account of the Manners of the German Inhabitants of Penn-
sylvania by Benjamin Rush, M.D. with an introduction and annotations by Theodore E.
Schmauk, and with the notes of I. D. Rupp revised pp. 130, plates 11.
Part XXII. Early German American Newspapers By Daniel Miller, pp. 107,
plates 2.
Part XXIII. The Lutheran Church in New Hanover, (Falckner Swamp) Mont-
gomery County, Penna. By Rev. J. J. Kline, Ph.D., pp. 44161, plates &, facsimiles 2.
Part XXIV. The Wayside Inns on the Lancaster Roadside between Phila-
delphia and Lancaster. By Julius F. Sachse, pp. 77, plates 19. (to be continued.)
Part XXIV. The Wayside Inns on the Lancaster Roadside between Phila-
delphia and Lancaster (concluded.) By Julius F. Sachse, pp. in, plates 7.
Part XXV. The Pennsylvania-German in the Settlement of Maryland By
Daniel Wunderlich Nead, M.D., pp. 312, plates 17/, maps 2.
Part XXVI. The Beginnings of the German Element in York County Penn-
sylvania By Abdel Ross Wentz, B.D., Ph.D., pp. 217, plate z.
Part XXVII. The Diarium of Magister Johannes Kelpius with annotations by
Julius Friedrich Sachse, pp.
CHURCH RECORDS
The following Church Records, containing births, deaths and marriages,
have been published in different volumes of the Proceedings:
Birth and Baptismal Register of Trinity Lutheran Church, Lancaster, Pa., pp. 104.
Birth and Baptismal Register of Trinity Lutheran Church, Lancaster, Pa. (con-
tinued.), pp. 61.
Birth and Baptismal Register of The First Reformed Church, Lancaster, Pa., pp. 44.
Births and Baptismal Register of Trinity Lutheran Church, Lancaster, Pa. (con-
tinued.), pp. 95;
Kirchen-Matricul: der Evangelisch Lutherischen Gemeinde in Neu Providenz, Penn-
sylvania, (Augustus Ev. Luth. Congregation, Trappe, Pa.) translated, collated and ar-
ranged by Julius Friedrich Sachse, pp. 90, plates 2.
Births and Baptismal Register of Trinity Lutheran Church, Lancaster, Pa. (con-
cluded.), pp. 34.
Augustus Ev. Lutheran Church Trappe, Pa. Record of Marriages Confirmations
and Burials with a list of the Contributors to Pastor's Salary Nov. 27, 1760, pp. 58.
Narrative and Critical History of Pennsylvania.
49
The Records of St. Michaelis and Zion Congregation of Philadelphia, pp. 43.
Church Register of the United Reformed and Lutheran Church, Called Blimyers,
in Hopewell Township, York County, Pa., Commenced March 19, 17167, by Rev. Geo.
Bager (Lutheran), and William Otterbein (Reformed), pp. 42.
The Records of St. Michaelis and Zion Congregation of Philadelphia. (Continued
from Vol. VII.), pp. 26,
The Records of St. Michaelis and Zion Congregation of Philadelphia. (Continued
from Vol. VIII.), pp. 20.
Record of the Marriages in the Evangelical Lutheran Congregation in Philadelphia
Commenced Anno 1745 (Continued from Volume IX.), pp. 141, plates 3.
Church Records of the Williams Township Congregation, pp. 102.
1011
23-&i
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