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INDEX
Confederate Veteran
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF
CONFEDERATE VETERANS AND KINDRED TOPICS
VOLUME XXIX.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, FOUNDER
Nashville, Tenn.
1921
INDEX— VOLUME XXIX.
ARTICLES.
Abolition, Slavery and the Year 1833 205
A Chosen People 11
Adopting Confederate Principles 285
Adventure Within Grant's Lines, An 426
After Fifty Years of Service 396
A Ghost Story 385
Alabama's Valhalla 249
Andersonville, Who Was Responsible For? 168
Andersonville Prison Park, The 91
A Night of Terror 184
Artillery Duel, Unwritten 63, 328
A Quick Recovery 38
A Serviceable Prisoner 236
As to Slavery 142
A Tribute 385
Bagby. Gen. Arthur Pendleton
Barteau's Regiment of Cavalry
Battle Abbey, Dedication of the South 's
Battle of the Alamance, The
Battle and Capture of Fort Gregg
Battle of Douglas' Church
Battle of Dug Gap, Ga., The
Battle of Hartsville, Mo., The
Battle of King's Mountain, The
Battle of Lebanon, Ky
Battle of Rich Mountain, The
Battle of Sabine Pass
Battle of Val Verde. The
Beloved Daughter of the South
Biggest Man In Georgia, The
Billie Gun
Bloody Franklin
Booth, John Wilkes. True Story of the Capture of.
Blue To the Gray, Americans All, The
Boozer. The Muchly Married Miss Mary
Boy Brigade of South Carolina, The
Boy Soldier of Alabama, A
Boys of Yesterday
Breastworks at Petersburg
Brown, Mrs. Martha A
172
155
208
376
425
369
182
7-427
100
, 278
342
303
137
85
260
53
5
129
197
23
417
22
283
173
35
Camp Beauregard Monument, Dedication of 314
Capture of the Maple Leaf. 375
Capture of John Wilkes Booth 129
Capturing the Captured 144
Caring for the Soldiers in the Sixties 409
Chancellorsville, Recollections of 213
Chasing Guerrillas In Arkansas 220
Chicamacomico , 246
Cause of the War Between the States, The 383
Confederate Brothers, Five Living 276
Confederate Generals, Living 244
Confederate Generals Buried In Baltimore 244
Confederate Home of Maryland, The. 1 76
Confederate Hospitals at Petersburg, Va 338
Confederate Monument at Dardanelle, Ark 276
Confederate Mother, A 314
Confederate Museum of Richmond 155
Confederate Prisoners at Morris Island 178
Confederate Pensions 198
Confederate In South America. A 86
Commands Holding Ft. Gregg 335
Conduct of the War, 1861-65 98
Constitution of the Confederate States, The 330
Cook, James Carter, Jr 355
Courtesy of the Truly Great 424
Crossing the Mississippi In 1864 64
Cunningham Memorial, The 365-403-407
Cunningham Memorial Scholarship, The 284
1 Dahlgren's Raid on Richmond 20
Davis, Jefferson . 14-253
Dedication of First White House of the Confederacy 243
Dedication of the South's "Battle Abbey" . 204
. Defense of Fort Walker 411
Dorion, Ellen Morrison, An Appreciation 236
Early's Brigade at Winchester 264
Efforts of Confederacy For Peace 418
Efforts to Capture Kilpatrick, The 329
Eightieth Milestone. The 167
"Emperor's Beautiful Clothes, The " 344
English Sentiment for the South 47
Ezekiel, Sir Moses, Burial of 124
Father Ryan 219
Federal Pensions 4
Feild, Col. Hume R 325
Field, Al G., Dean of Minstrelsy 164
First Fight of Ironclads, The 290
First Secession Sentiment 169
First "White House of the Confederacy, " The 203
Flags Captured at Vicksburg. . -. 64
Fletcher Brothers, Gallant 35
Forrest, Last Speech of General 25
From Cedar Mountain to Sharpsburg 296
From Cold Harbor to Cedar Mountain 222
From the Ranks to Brigade Commander - 298
"Going Out and Coming Back" 288
"Going South" In 1861 13
Great Seal of the Confederacy, The 165
Greatest Artillery Duel, The 328
Guerilla Warfare In Missouri 104
Hardships of Bragg's Retreat 51
Has Not Reported Yet 314
Heroic Defense of Bridge at Stephenson's Depot, Va 43
Heroine of the Sixties, A 59
Heroes and Hero Worship 428
Heth, Miss Nannie Randolph 85
Hidden Treasure 355
Home Guard, The 343
Hospital Work In the Sixties 86
How Kinky Feasted the Major 373
How the South Cares for Its Veterans 366
Hudson, James 385
Important Battles of the War 52
In and Out of Prison 421
Inaugural Address of President Davis 87
In Defense of Southern Poets 18
In the Atlanta Campaign 381
In the Siege of Richmond and After : 412
In the Spirit of Homer 336
In the Wilderness 212
In the Virginia Campaigns 35 7
In the Years of War 184-345-371
Jackson's Only Council of War 264
Jackson's Humanity to a Gallant Opponent 372
Jordan Springs Battle. The 104
Keep the Record Straight.
84
Lamar's Defense of Jefferson Davis 125
Lanier, Sidney 131
Lashed By Lamar's Tongue 101
Last Confederate Congressman . 163
Last Days of the Confederacy 56
Last Engagement of Lee's Army 261
Last Song In A Burning Home, The 132
Lee. Robert E 6
Lee at Sharpsburg, 1862. General 378
Lee's Investment. General 3
Lee's High Estimate of General Imboden 420
Lee's Staff, Last Survivor of, General 85
Lee, To the Memory of General . . . I/O
Little Corporal's Story, The 180
Life Among the Bullets— The Siege of Petersburg. Va 138-173-216
Littlefield, Maj. George W 44
Lloyd George, vs., John Drinkwater, et al 165
Losing Its Birthright 84
Losses in Battle 4
Lost In Early's Valley Campaign, 1864 427
^oofederat^ l/eteran
Making Our Way Home from Appomattox 102
Memorial Day at Arlington 245
Memorial To Dr. Randolph McKira 284
Monument to Gen. Stand Watie, The 326
Miller, Levi, Confederate Veteran (Negrol -358
Mortality Among Prisoners of War. 323
Not On "The Other Side".
92
Old Plantation Home, The 247
Old South In Peace and War, The 16
On the Move 105
Oldest Soldier In Confederate Army 394
Oklahoma's Veterans of the Sixties , , 198
Orleans Cadets, The 207
On the Retreat from Charleston 90
Pages from an Old Autograph Album 60
Partners of General Lee 44
Pelham, of Alabama 9
Pensions for Faithful Negroes 284
Pleasant Memories of War Times 65
Prayer at Inauguration of Jefferson Davis 203
Private Soldier, The 135
Propaganda Perverting History 166
Reunion City, The 363
Rear Guard of the Confederacy 163
Reconstruction and the Ku Klux Klan 292
Reconstruction Days In South Carolina 256
Reunion at Chattanooga, The 32.1-364-404
Reunion . Arkansas State 145
Rockwell. Kiffin Yates 84
Running the Blockade 93
School Histories '. . . . 324
Scouting In the Enemy's Lines 136
Sharpsburg - 133
Slavery and Wage Serfdom. 1821-1861 " 286
Some Ex-Cathedra Criticisms 317
Southern Ports 96
South In History. The 333
Sponsor For the South 364
State Enlistments In the Sixties 440
Statue of President Davis 4
Still On Parole 262
Southern Proteus. The 422
Southern Soldier, The 265
Steadman, Chas. M 163
Storm Cradled Nation, The 83
Surgeon General U. C. V., The New 86
Tableware Campaign to Capture Jackson ' 289
Taliaferro. Gen. Alex Gait 126
Three Charleston Poets 46
Treatment of Slaves In the South 48
True History I- 1 *
Unlucky Number — 13, The 10
Veterans of Two Wars 244
Unanimity of the Choice of Mr. Davis 88
Unusual Incidents of War 62
Union Sentiment Before Secession 50
Veterans and the Veteran, The.
403
War Mystery, A 65, 225. 263, 287, 341
Wilmington and the Blockade Runners 258
With Armistead at Gettysburg 62
With Gary's Brigade at Appomattox 332
Within the Enemy's Lines 340
When Running Was Good 24
What the South Stood For 254
With the Hampton Legion In the Peninsular Campaign 414
When South Carolina Seceded 367
Which Was the "Other Side "? 49
Why Did He Eat Mule Meat? - 357
U. D. C. .
C. S. M. A..
S. C.V
32. 72, 112, 150. 192, 232, 272, 310. 350. 392, 436
36, 75, 115, 154. 194. 235, 275. 313, 354. 395, 439
. 37. 77, 117, 156, 196. 237, 277, 315, 356, 397, 441
POEMS.
A Memory 92, 215
A Nation Fair 276
A Tribute 324
April 26th... 145
Argonne Wood . . * 8
Autumn 380
Bonnie Blue Flag 444
Confederate Memorial 123
Decoration 324
Down In Dixie - - . 169
Earth's Nobleman 365
" 1865 " 429
Hills of Home 353
Interrupted 39
In the Land Where We Were Dreaming ... 281
Land of the South, The 259
Lee's Immortelles 162
Manassas 285
March of the Mystic Men 204
McKendree 359
Memorial Day 126
Missing 56
My Cross of Honor 159
Reprisals 420
Reunion 361
Robert Edward Lee 45
Robert E. Lee — An Acrostic 170
Salute to the Starry Cross 3
Song of Hampton, A 443
Spring Greetings 130
The Aviator 84
The Battle of Armageddon 195
The Battle of Port Republic 372
The Christian Cavalier 4
The Confederate Flag 82
The Land of Liberty 243
The Last Cavalier 253
The Outdoors Man 319
The Private 124
The Soldier's Fate t 132
The Southern Cross of Honor, The 52
The Waste of War 1 75
Thomas Jefferson 245
Wilde, Richard Henry 97
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Auditorium in Chattanooga 366
Birthday Guests of Comrade Hurst at Clarksville 167
Chattanooga, Fountain Square 267
Commemorating a Gallant Defense 41
Cunningham Memorial, The 365
Granite Boulder at Stephenson's Depot. Va 41
Group of Confederate Veterans 283
Jackson Cedar at Manassas, The 31 S
Lookout Mountain and the Tennessee River. 369
Moccasin Bend on the Tennessee River, Chattanooga, Tenn 321
Observation Tower On Signal Mountain 390
Old Henry House, The 441
Survivors of the Gallant Orleans Cadets 207
Stars and Bars, The 81
Waverly — Typical Home of the Old South 247
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
LAST ROLL.
Quarles, Judge Greenfield .
Abernathy. Thos. E 304
Adams. A. J 269
Adams. George H 70
Aden, Judge James S 68
Alexander. Capt. 5. B 348
Anderson. Moses 306
Bachman, Rev. John Lynn 387
Bagby. Gen. A. P 146
Baker. W. H 226
Barker, Samuel 391
Barnett. John W 433
Barton. Maj. Randolph 149
Battle, Robert Irving 227
Baruch, Dr. Simon 433
Bean. Capt. R. T 391
Birchfield. Stephen S 270
Birdsong. A. H 435
Bishop, John F 28
Bivins, Capt. J. K 349
Blackwell, Hiram Harding 435
Blake, Capt. T. B 227
Boatright, Capt. B. S 186
Bolen, Rev. H. C 28
Bolen, James Riley 71
Boling, M. L 346
Bowles. Col. James W 346
Box, Sam 386
Branch, Maj. John L 108
Brown, Gen. J. Thompson 348
Brown, T. J 110
Brownlee, A.J 148
Buchanan. Judge J. A 391
Bugg, Richard M 148
Bumpus. W. N 229-270
Bynum, Maj. G. VV 69
Caddleman, J. M 189
Cardwell, David 189
Carr. Capt. N. C 307
Carroll, James R 270
Caison. Albert Stacey 107
Carson, Charles Alexander 305
Cassell, James 306
Cecil, Loyd 110
Chapman, David Hubbard 391
Clark, Samuel R Ill
Clatterbuck. Reuben A 109
Clower, Capt. Thomas H 31
Coffin, Charles 430
Colley. Thos. W 309
Colvin. John Calhoun 230
Conyer, Alexander 170
Cox, Green Anderson ... 1 06
Craghead, Samuel S 191
Davis. Capt. CM 30 9
Dean, George B 66
Durham, Capt. Dewitt Clinton . . 149
Dwight, Capt. Charles Stevens... 434
Eargle. A. L 388
Elliott. Nixon 191
Ellis, A. B 267
Ellis. John G 186
Ellis. Maj. William M 430
Emanuel. Col. S 386
Ent, Capt. Joseph B 229
Evins, Robert H 431
Farrar, James D 309
Fishburn. James A Ill
Fisher. Capt. J. K 109
Fisher, Capt. J. T 308
Fletcher, Peter B 271
Freeman. George C 68
Freeman, Green H 228
Gaiennie. Capt. Frank. 108
Gee, Thomas E 147
' Gildersleeve. Benjamin, Sr 308
//
Goode, Hon. E. B 29
Grapes. I. N 186
Griffin, Capt. Pat M 269
Grimes, Dr. W. S 346
Hagy. James Harrison 146
Hall, Dr. J. C 29
Haley. Mrs. Perneacy Morgan. . 191
Hannah, Judge, R. 305
Harris, Dr. T. J 188
Harrison, William Foushee 305
Head. Capt. H. W 187
Herring, Jno. C 71
Hibbler, Col. J. E 389
Hickman. David P 307
Hicks. Dr. Robert Iverson 189
Hicks, William E 226
Hill, Capt. James S 109
Hinsdale, Col. John W 387
Hollyday, Henry 386
Hopkins. W. F 348
Hughes, Joseph R 431
Hunt. Judge Joseph Drummond. 30
Jackson, William E 430
Jager. Anton W 432
Jennings, Thos. H 186
Johnson. George H 189
Johnston, Rev. M. N 267
Jones. C. L 27
Judkins. W. B 29
Kelly, Robert L 29
Knox, Dr. Robert L 67
Lanier, Capt. E. F 271
Lester. W. B 227
Lewis, V. C 347
Locke. Henry Franklin 434
Lowe. William E 230
Lowry, William T 31
Lynn, L. C 67
Lyon, Gen. J. Fuller 106
Lyons. James 71
MacMurry, James Allen 68
Mann, H. P 147
Matthews. Capt. S. 1 306
McCluer, Judge John G 268
McDougal, A. G 305
McKinley. D. 307
McKown. Kenneth C 148
McNair, Milton 388
Meade. Samuel Richard 190
Meador, Josephus 147
Mims. William Henry 109
Minor. Dr. R. T Ill
Mobley. Warren G 433
Moise. A. Welbome ... 69
Moore John A 71
Moore, Capt. T. E 433
Mongold, Solomon 186
Murchison, W. E 187
Murray. Thomas Reed 147
Neilson. Thomas H 432
Nelson, M. H 268
Norwood, Dr. Charles Mill. 434
O'Neal, W. A 391
Park. Charles T 229
Parker. A. B 186
Parsons, D. M 186
Patterson, William Warden 388
Perry, William Ferris 67
Pierce, William H 70
Pile, George C 71
Powell. Smith 309
Powers, W. J 186
Price, George W 390
Purnell, Capt. James C 307
Richmond, Judge James D 28
Rogers. Capt. James R ... 110
Rose, Edward 187
Ruff. Dr. D. E 435
Russell, Thomas J 268
Saussy, Clement 347
Schoppaul, Adolphus 346
Sharp. Capt. John H 188
Sillman, James 432
Skinner, J. W 306
Slagle. John 30
Solomon, Capt. W. F 190
Smith, Felix C 188
Smith, George H 228
Smith, James M 227
Snead, John H 107
Stanley, Capt. William 267
Street, Col. H. M 26
Sturkey. Maj. W. 268
Sullivane, Col. Clement 31
Tagart, James A 432
Taylor, Edward Haynes 435
Taylor, Thomas LeRoy 308
Thomas. W. J 70
Todhunter, Col. Ryland 231
Torbett, Henry M. L 190
Towson, J. W 27
Towles, John Chowning 266
Tribbett, William M 347
Valliant. Edwin S 348
Van Meter. D. G 186
Van Meter. E. P 186
Wall. Dr. Thomas W 388
Warren, Caleb P 107
Watson. E. C 308
Watson. J. Bart 308
Watson, William Fontaine 148
West. John Pratt 149
Wheeler, Mrs. Mary Jane 349
White. Clarence H 430
White. Mrs. Julia N 229
Whitlock, Dr. William J 269
Wilkerson. Dr. W. N 435
Williams, William C 306
Winn. Robert M Ill
Withrow, Col. Charles 347
Woods. Clayton R 28
Worthy, Thomas Jefferson 108
Young. William D 191
B. T. Embry Camp, No. 977 . . , 390
Camp 171, U. C. V. Washington,
D. C 27
C.S. Association of Augusta. Ga.. 226
Comrades at Bentonville, Ark.. . . 431
Comrades at Brevard, N. C 266
Comrades at Commerce. Tex 67
Comrades at Donaldson, Ark. . . . 306
Comrades at Franklin, Tenn 188
Comrades at Gainesville, Tex. . . . 187
Comrades at Huntsville. Ala 69
Comrades at Granbury. Tex 347
Comrades at Greenville, Tex .... 388
Comrades at Jackson. Miss 270
Comrades at Jacksonville. Tex. . . 288
Comrades at Macon, Ga 307
Comrades at Mount Vernon, Tex.. 271
Comrades at Paris, Tenn 68-190
Comrades at Pittsburg, Tex 390
Comrades at Savannah, Ga 304
Comrades at Sherman, Tex 66
Comrades at Staunton, Va 27
Comrades at Summerville. Ga... . 190
Comrades at Victoria, Tex 186
Comrades at Wilson. N. C 305
Conrades of Camp Lomax . . . 71-111
Comrades of Star City, Ark 349
Comrades of the Washington
Camp 304
Deaths at Beaumont. Tex 271
Deaths In Dick Dowling Camp,
Houston, Tex 228
Graybill Camp, No. 1534, U. C. V. 146
Members of Camp J. M. Brady. . Ill
Members of Camp 763. Marietta,
Ga 148
Mississippi Comrades 189-307
Missouri Comrades 430
Pat Cleburne Camp, No. 222, U.
C. V. Waco, Tex 69
W. B. Plemons Camp of Ainarillo,
Tex 66
Tom Green Camp, Weatherford,
Tex 434
Veterans at Lynchburg, Va 70
Veterans of Lancaster Co.. Va. . . 146
Veterans of the Confederacy 186
Federal Veteran, A 187
Brief Mention 31
PORTRAITS.
Adams, G. H.
70
Bachman, Rev. John L 387
Bachman, Rev. Jonathan 241
Bachman. Miss Martha Dulaney 363
Bagby, Gen. A. P 172
Baker, W. H 226
Barker, Samuel 391
Birchfield. S. S 270
Bivins, Capt. J. K 349
Blake, Capt. T. B 227
Boatright, Capt. B. S 186
Fisher, J. K 109
Fletcher. Robert 35
Freeman. G. H 228
Gee. T. E.
M.
Haley, Mrs. P.
Hanna. J. E
Heth. Miss Nannie Randolph
Hibbler, Col. J. E
Hicks. Dr. R. I....-
147
191
86
85
389
189
Branch, J. L.
108 ' Jones, C. L 27
Carr, Gen. Julian S 401
Clark. S. R 110
Colvin, John 230
Davis. Jefferson 201
Dean, G. B
Dorion, Mrs. Ellen Morrison . .
Durham. Capt. D.C
66
236
149
Ellis. A. B 267
Ent, Capt. J. B 229
Evins. Robert H 411
Lanier. Capt. E. F 271
Lee. Gen. R. E 1
Lewis. V. C 347
Lyon, Gen. J. Fuller 106
McMurry, J. A 68
Meade, S. R. . 190
Meadows. W. D 237
Mimms. W. H 109
Moise, A. W 69
Murchison. W. E 187
Field. Al G 164 Roberts, Mrs. T. A..
59
Confederate Ueterai).
Scum. Judge Edgar 401
Smith. F.C •- WO
Steadman. Maj. Charles M 161
Street. Col. H. M
Todhunter. Col. Ryland 236
Towles. J. C
26
Tagart. James A.
Taliaferro. Gen. Alexander Gait.
Taylor, Thomas Leroy
432
121
308
Whitlock. W.J
Wilson, Mrs. A. McD.
Worthy. Cape. T. J
Young, W. D..
261
269
408
108
191
AUTHORS.
Ackerd. M. H 264
Anderson.C.C ■ 168
Arnold. Thomas J 342-440
Austin. John P ... 215
Ball. Miss Mars'
Barclay. Hugh Gaylord.
8. 195. 243.
Bean. Capt. R. T
Boyle. Maj. W. A
Boyle. Virginia Frazer
Bradford, H. C. . . .-
Bradwell, I. G
56. 102, 222, 296.
Brooks, Tarn
Broughton. J. W
Burr. Amelia Josephine
396
365
49
411
236
265
378
421
10
420
50
Callaway. W. A
Campbell. Mrs. A. A
11.46.96. 131.219.258. 290
Carnes. Capt. W. W 287
Carpenter. J.N 424
Carter. Miss Mary D 285
Chancellor. Mrs. Sue 213
Clark. Chief Justice Walter 163
Cobb, Judge Andrew J 330
Cook, Eyalyn Castleberry 353
Cook. Col. V.Y
Coyle. Wilbur F 176
Courtney. W. J 104-357
Coxe, John .
Crownover. Mrs. Etta...
Crumpton.W. B 92-381
Davis, Jefferson 8 '
Davis, Miss Katherine 82
Davidson. Miss Nora 338
Day.W.A... - •• 138-173-216
Douglass. John Jordan 162
Doyle. J. H .332
Doyle. W. E 314
Ellis. Capt. \V. T 262
Everett, Lloyd T 205-286
Fennell, Charles... .253,336.373,422
Garrett, William H 129
Gaskell, J. E 261
Gish. Grace Imogen 169
Goffe. Charles H 16-385
Gratz. John 91
Gregory. Thomas W 292
Gullett. Capt. W. S 427
Hamilton. Posey .329
Hancock. Taylor 38
Harrison. Senator Pat 249
Harwell. J. D 64 -357
Hayne. W. H 132
Hazard. Mrs. Charles B 247
Higdon. Robert 383
Holland. Capt. T. C 62
Hollvday. Henry 93
Houston. Mrs. M.H 14-88-253
Hugginson, Thos. W.. .324
Hyde. Mrs. Chas. R 124
Jackson. Helen Hunt 126
Jennings. Arthur H 165
Jervey. Mary P 429
Kennedy, Richard 443
Lacey. Dr. E. P 333
Lanier. Sidney 13°
Lauck, T. H 18°
Lawrence. R. De T 23-90
Lewis. A. B 220
Littlefield. A. W 4
Lovett. Howard Meriwether. 166-344
Lyne. Moncure 245
Marshall. H. Snowden 208
Martin. Fred R 9
Matthews. Wm. D 198
Mauney. Bonnie Eloise 100
Maupin. Mrs. R. C 126
Maxwell. James R 65
M 'Anemy. Col. John 20
McClean, Clara Dargan 367
McNeilly, Dr. J. H
5. 48. 98, 142, 169, 254, 276. 288
-376-418
McRae. Capt. Walter 178
McWhorter, Mrs. J. K 409
Meek. Alex B 97-259
Mertins. Gustave F 204
Metts, Jas, 1 104
Miles, Dr. C. W 325
Myers, Fanny Waldron 1 70
Mason, Miss Emily V 1'5
Newman. Mrs. Ellen H 184
Owen, Mrs. Birdie Askew 284
Page. Elizabeth Fry 260
Peay. Austin lg -
Pence, L. S 1«
Pickens. John C 19'
Powell. Smith 22
Ravenel. Samuel VV 417
Rayzor, Vivian Edith 324
Renaud, J. K 207
Saffold. Mildred Reynolds 60
Sanford, W. L 372
Scott, Joe M 64
Shank. H. T 420
Shepherd. Henry E 18
Shields. Will Mitt 123
Smith. Channing M...
35. 136. 212. 340. 426
Smythe. H. Gerald 6-440
Snead. Capt. C. G 63
Starnes. Col. Jas. W 369
Starrett. Vincent 84
Stevens, James A 303
Stiles, John C
4, 24, 135, 184. 225, 345, 371
Strother. A. E 425
Tate, C. B 52
Tenney, S. F 246
Thetford, R. B 335
Thomas. Isaac L 105
Thompson. John R 380
Thompson, Col. Magnus S 298
Timberlake. W. L 412
Truman. W. L 328
Wade. Capt. F. S 137
Wailes, Dr. L. A 65
Walker, N. J 343
Ware. John N 53. 133. 317. 428
Warfield. Catherine M 258
Webster. J. T •• 341
Williams, G. A .263
Wilson, W. T 51
Wolf, Capt. John B • 375
Wise, G. W .236
Woods. William Hervey 45
Workman. C. E .256
Wright, S. K 144
Wright. Mrs. R. D 352
Young, Robert 427
"^2$3
.
Qo^federat^ l/eterai?.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Nashville, Tenn.
under act of March 3, 1S79.
Acceptance of mailing- at special rate of postage provided for in Sec-
tion 1 103, act of October 3, 1917, and authorized on July 5, 191S.
Published by the Trustees of the Confederate Veteran, Nash-
ville, Tenn.
OFFICIALL T REP RE. 'ENTS :
United Confederate Veterans,
United Daughters of the Confederacy,
Sons of Veterans and Otiikr Organizations,
Confederated Southern Memorial Association.
Though men deserve, thev may not win, success;
The brave will honor the brave, vanquished none the less.
single cipTfisCEOTs. } Vol. XXIX. NASHVILLE, TENN., JANUARY, 1921. No. 1.
I S. A. CUNNINGHAM,
f Founder.
SALUTE TO THE STARRY CROSS.
BY EVALYN CASTLEBERRY COOK.
Still unsurrendered in its might,
The starry cross from heaven's staff unfurled
Across the jeweled span of night —
The highest masted flag in all the world !
GENERAL LEE'S INVESTMENT.
When General Lee, amid the wreck and ruin of 1865, sought
o reinvest his life for the benefit of his stricken land, he
•efused offers of wealth and high position at home and
ibroad and the headship of Church and State institutions and
iccepted the presidency of war-wrecked Washington Col-
ege in the Valley of Virginia. His great kinsman, being
•ich, had endowed the college with his money. General Lee,
iaving no money, gave himself to the institution, and thus
nriched it forever.
With consummate ability and ceaseless labor he gathered
Indents, teachers, buildings, and endowments on Washing-
ion's foundation, saturated the institution with his spirit,
ixed for all time its ideals and traditions, and then, worn
out by his sacrificial labors, fell at his post and bequeathed
o it his sacred dust and his incomparable name.
General Lee's investment of himself has brought dividends
vhich even his wisdom could not have foreseen or imagined,
nd the amazing fruitfulness of his institution as a nursery
■f American leadership has recently awakened the whole
iouth to a fresh realization of his many-sided greatness and
widespread desire to honor his memory and carry on his
rork.
The Lee Memorial Fund.
This long-delayed tribute is taking the form of a Lee
.lemorial Fund for the following and kindred objects:
1. The raising of an endowment which shall maintain a
uitable custodian of the Lee Mausoleum and Chapel, which
re visited by a constant and ever-increasing stream of rev-
rent pilgrims. The Virginia Division of the Daughters of
he Confederacy has claimed this privilege, installed one of
'heir leaders as custodian, and is already at work raising the
l&rmanent endowment.
\?
2. The reconstruction of the western half of the chapel
without changing the mausoleum, statue, rostrum, or Gen-
eral Lee's office. The chapel is now not only too small for
university assemblies, but is in constant danger from fire.
The reconstruction will remove this risk, enlarge its capacity,
and make it more worthy of the hero whose memory it en-
shrines and of the stately Washington Building, just opposite.
This is the special task which the Memorial Fund Committee
is undertaking with the help of the United Daughters of the
Confederacy.
3. The equipment and endowment of the Robert E. Lee
Memorial School of Civil and Highway Engineering. This
school was founded by General Lee, himself an accomplished
engineer, as the first act of his administration, but has never
been provided with building, endowment, or adequate equip-
ment. The United Confederate Veterans, with the help of
the Sons of Confederate Veterans, have, by the unanimous ac-
tion of their conventions, begun the work of raising a half
million dollars for this purpose as their last tribute to their
great commander. A pamphlet describing this movement
will be sent by the university to any one interested.
4. The endowment of the Robert E. Lee Chair of Journal-
ism as a memorial of the fact that in 1869 General Lee in-
troduced fully worked out college courses in journalism, the
first in the world, with part-time "laboratory work" in a
regular newspaper office required of all students, thus antici-
pating educational progress by a half century and making
him the founder of this most modern department of univer-
sity work.
Every donor to the Lee Memorial •Fund,, therefore, will not
only honor his memory and help perpetuate his fame and in-
fluence, but will become an active partner in the great work to
which he dedicated his ripened powers and the last years of
his eventful life.
Through the generosity of one of General Lee's admirers
a handsome illustrated Lee booklet will be presented to every
donor to the fund, that the present generation may become
better acquainted with the ideals and traditions of the Old
South as exemplified in the matchless purity, dignity, and
moral elevation of his character. — IVashington and Lee Uni-
versity Bulletin.
Qopfederat^ l/eterar?,
Qoi}federat<? l/eterai?.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, Founder.
Office: Methodist Publishing House Building, Nashville, Tenn.
All who approve the principles of this publication and realize its benefits as
an organ for Associations throughout the South are requested to commend
its patronage and to cooperate in extending its circulation. Let each one be
constantly diligent.
THE CHRISTIAN CAVALIER.
(Dedicated to the Boston Chapter, U. D. C.)
1870— Robert Edward Lee— 1920.
"Numbered with the saints in glory everlasting."
Thy warfare o'er, thy faithful heart at rest,
Thou farest forth, the champion of the right;
They welcome thee, the saints in splendor bright.
To guide thee to the realm of thy brave quest.
Content thy soul save only with the best;
Thy standard, high, the pure unsullied white ;
Thy shining blade, the symbol of the Might
Of thy fair Land. Thy Comrades greet thee, blest !
Thy noble spirit scorned place and power;
Ambition's 'lurements thou didst, meek, resign ;
The weak thou servedst, as thou didst the strong.
When cloud and black defeat didst o'er thee lower.
Thou sought'dst the leading of the light divine.
Hail him, Hosts Eternal, with the Victor's Song!
A. W. LlTTLEFlELD.
MlDDLEBOROUGH, MASS.
STATUE OF PRESIDENT DAVIS.
A late communication from William T. Rigby, Chairman
of the Vicksburg National Military Park Commission, states
that the War Department has authorized the placing of a
portrait statue of Jefferson Davis for the Vicksburg Na-
tional Military Park and that the commission hopes to secure
this statue for the park by contributions from citizens of the
States that were represented in the Vicksburg campaign and
defense. The statue will be placed on the inside of Confed-
erate Avenue and directly opposite the center of the me-
morial arch.
The following inscription for the statue has been approved :
"Jefferson Davis,
Commander in Chief
Confederate States Armies.
Cadet U. S. Military Academy. 1824.
2d Lt. 1st U. S. Infan., July 1, 1828.
1st Lieut. Dragoons, March 4, 1833.
Adjt., Aug. 30. 1833, to Feb. 5, 1834.
Resigned June 30. 1835.
Col. 1st Miss. Rifles, July 18. 1846.
Hon. mustered out July 12. 1847.
Sec. of War Mar. 7, 1853. to Mar. 6, 1857.
LOSSES IN BATTLE.
COMPILED BY JOHN C. STILES, BRUNSWICK, GA.
The heaviest loss in any battle was that of Chickamauga.
where the Confederates lost twenty-five per cent and the
Union army thirty per cent, or a combined loss of twenty-
seven per cent of those engaged.
The heaviest Confederate loss was at Gettysburg, where
twenty-six per cent were put out of business before we had
had enough, and the lightest was at Cold Harbor, as we lost
only three per cent in holding Grant at bay. In the first in-
stance we were the attacking party, and in the latter we picked
them off as long as the "Butcher" could force them up to
our trenches.
The heaviest Union loss was at Chickamauga, where the
"Rock Of" (Thomas) lost thirty per cent after "Old Rosy"
had retired to hunt a new standing place, and the lightest was
at Bull Run. where a five per cent loss only was sufficient
to run the "Tarriers" home.
The greatest discrepancy between the losses was at Cedar.
or, as far as the Yankees were concerned, well called "Slaugh-
ter" Mountain, for there Banks lost twenty per cent, while
Stonewall was losing five per cent.
At Second Manassas Lee and Pope had the same percentage
of loss, and at Missionary Ridge Bragg and Grant broke
even, although in both instances one side was "licked out of
their boots."
In nearly every instance the attacking side got the worst
of it, but at Sharpsburg and Chickamauga both defenders
had the heavier losses.
Sharpsburg is said to have been the bloodiest one-day fight
on this continent, as Lee lost twenty-three per cent in that
time, while it took two days to run Rosecrans up to thirty
per cent at Chickamauga.
However, these statistics, as compared to those of other
than American wars, show up in a very favorable light, for,
with the exception of the British, whose middle name is
"Stand Fast." we did then and can now stand the "gaff" as
well or better than any of them.
References : Col. F. R. Henderson, of the British army,
author of the "Life of Stonewall Jackson" ; Col. M. F. Steele.
United States army, from Alabama; Col. E. P. Alexander,
Confederate States army.
In Honor of the Defenders of Vicksburg.'
FEDERAL PENSIONS.
Pension disbursements for the fiscal year 1920 aggregated
$213,295,314, Commissioner Saltzgaber, of the Pension Bu-
reau, says in his annual report.
Pension figures showed a decrease of about $9,000,000 from
1919 totals, and the report recorded the deaths in the year of
27,871 Civil War pensioners, leaving 243,520 soldiers of that
war on the pension roll, in addition to 290,100 Civil War
widows.
While no survivors of the War of 1812 were shown,
seventy-one widows of soldiers in that war are receiving
pensions. Only 148 Mexican War survivors were reported
and 2,423 Mexican War widows.
Survivors of the World War do not show on the roll.
Their dependents alone are carried, such as invalids, widows,
minor children, and mothers and fathers of negular army sol-
diers for the period prior to application of *rar risk insurance
legislation.— New York Evening Mail.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
BLOODY FRANKLIN.
BY DR. J. H. M'NEILLY, IN NASHVILLE BANNER.
Fifty-six years ago, on the 30th of November, 1864, Nash-
ville was listening to the roar of one of the bloodiest battles
of the War between the States, as on the historic field of
Franklin the Confederate army of General Hood sought to
sweep away the Federal forces that barred the way to the
capital of Tennessee and to the fair fields of Dixie beyond.
Though that effort was futile, yet the day marked the high
tide of courage and devotion of the Confederate soldier to
the cause for which he had pledged his life, his fortune, and
his sacred honor. To us who passed through that fiery ordeal
that day will ever be "the reddest day in history."
It may be that some of my surviving comrades will be in-
terested if I recall some of the scenes and incidents of that
terrible conflict in which our bond of fellowship was sealed
in blood.
All day long on the 29th General Forrest fought around
Spring Hill to conceal the movements of our army, and that
night General Hood, leaving Gen. S. D. Lee's corps in front
of the enemy at Columbia, had placed two corps, Stewart's
and Cheatham's, alongside of the road by which the Federal
forces must retreat. By some strange blunder they were per-
mitted to march past us, hurrying to their strong works at
Franklin. I stood near General Forrest as General Walthall
rode up to him, and I heard the great cavalryman in a tone
of indignation and grief express his sense of our loss : "O,
General, if they had given me one of your brigades, just one,
to have flung across this road, I could have taken the whole
shebang !" But it was useless to make idle moan, and we
were soon in hot pursuit of the enemy, who by this time were
in their fortifications, ready to receive us.
When we reached the hills on the Columbia road overlook-
ing the plain on which Franklin is situated, we had a view
of the heavy task before us. It was a beautiful day, soft as
a day in May, and the blue grass pastures invited to a pic-
nic of peace rather than the fierce combat impending. At once
Stewart's Corps was sent east to the right toward the Lewis-
burg pike, while Cheatham's Corps was mainly on the right.
west of the Columbia Pike, and by four o'clock, a little before
sundown, we were drawn up in line of battle, ready for the
charge. I think every one of us realized the desperateness of
our undertaking and the impending harvest of death. Many
of the men came to me, both officers and privates, asking me
to take charge of souvenirs, letters, pictures, jewelry, watches.
But I had to decline, for I was going in with them and was
to be exposed to the same danger. There lay just before our
division (Walthall's) a large body of woodland, separating
us from the open field across which we were to charge. That
field, extending from the railroad to the Federal works, was
for several hundred yards bare of trees or shrubs, giving full
sweep to the enemy's guns, musketry and artillery. We had
no artillery, only musket and bayonet. While we were stand-
ing in line a shell burst over us and wounded two or three
men. Then came the wild charge we made.
It has always seemed strange to me that General Schofield
did not come out of his works and attack us, considering the
disparity of forces. I have seen statements from the Federal
commanders that they had in the fight 23,000 men, in-
cluding a strong force of artillery. On our side the main
charge was made by Cheatham's and Stewart's Corps, one
division of Lee's Corps coming up toward the last of the
fighting. Now, just before we started on this campaign there
was a review of our army at Lovejoy's Station, Ga. The
1*
number of infantry reported was about 8,000 in each corps.
And that was about the extent of our force, say 16,000 in the
two corps. Our artillery took no part in the action. Some
Yankee authorities put Hood's force at 70.000.
There were two central points about which the battle raged
most fiercely. On the west of the Columbia Pike, on the
Carter premises, was a locust grove that was almost de-
stroyed by the fierceness of the firing, and on the east of the
Columbia Pike was a ginhouse inside the Federal works.
About these two points the battle raged, and there the dead
were thickest— the trenches filled with the bodies and flowing
with the blood of the slain. Near the ginhouse General Cle-
burne was killed.
We had just started across the open field when my men
began to fall so fast that I had to stop and look after them,
for I directed the litter corps of my regiment.
The next morning as I went to get the body of my brother
near the ginhouse I had to pick my way to keep from step-
ping on dead men. The estimate I heard from those in charge
of the field was that there were fifteen hundred dead in the
space of a hundred acres. In my brigade (Quarles's) the
highest commissioned officer was a lieutenant. In my regi-
ment, the 49th Tennessee, of one hundred and twenty-eight
men, twenty-six were killed and sixty-six wounded, and the
proportion was the same in other commands. One major
general and five brigadiers were killed and several wounded.
Our losses in killed and wounded must have reached 5,000.
It was Sunday, the fourth day after the battle, before I got
my wounded safely housed.
It was in my attempt to provide for the comfort of my men
that I realized the value of good clothes. I was like most of
our boys, ragged and nearly barefoot. I found a place where
some ladies, angels of mercy, were gathering supplies for the
wounded. Without thinking of my disreputable 'appearance,
I went in. They were directed by an old lady of commanding
appearance and positive speech. She asked what I wanted.
I told her that I had a number of wounded men and wished
to get such delicacies as they needed.
She said: "Yes, you look like you could enjoy some of the
nice things."
I said : "No, I only want them for my men."
Then she came back with : "How am I to know that your
men will ever get them?"
I said: "Madam, I am the chaplain of Quarles's Brigade,
and I can assure you that my men will get what you give."
"Yes," said she, "some of you boys would claim to be
major generals if you could make anything by it."
I was at the end of my row, the ladies were tittering, and
I was embarrassed. I was about to withdraw in confusion
when I happened to put my hand on my breast and felt my
commission as chaplain, only recently received. I at once
said to her: "Madam, I am sorry that you can't believe me,
and I will leave you, but before I go I can convince you that
I am telling you the truth."
So I drew out my commission with the great seal of the
War Department signed "James Seddon, Secretary." At once
her manner changed ; she gave me a basket loaded with good
things and was profuse in her apologies. As she followed me
to the door her last words were in a whisper that could be
heard across the street : "Preacher, you must excuse me ; for
if I had been asked to select a preacher, you are the very
last man I would have picked."
I thought so too.
Then off for Nashville with its disastrous battle and then
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
Ihe terrible experiences of the rear guard — fight all day and
retreat all night. Yet here I am, nearly eighty-three years
old, hale and hearty.
ROBERT E. LEE.
A Retrospect and an Appreciation.
BY H. GERALD SMYTHE, HASTINGS, ENGLAND.
"To the glorious and immortal memory of Gen. Robert E.
Lee. Unsurpassed as a warrior, he was no less conspicuous
as a complete and perfect model of a true gentleman. His
name will endure forever in the memory of all who respect
and admire true nobility of character. This wreath is placed
here on the centenary of his birthday in loving and respectful
homage to the memory of a truly good and great man."
So runs the inscription on the brass plate which, affixed
to an oaken tablet and within a bronze wreath of oak and
laurel leaves, reposes by the side of the marble cenotaph that
supports the recumbent effigy of the General in the memorial
chapel on the campus of the Washington and Lee University
at Lexington, Va.
On this day, October 12, it has seemed fitting to recall to
the memories of those who, in their late boyhood or early
manhood, still have some recollection of the events in the
War between the States and to place before those of a later
generation to whom that great drama is perhaps not even a
name, a picture, imperfect though it be, of the noblest figure
of all those who took part in it. It is then just fifty years
ago, October 12, 1870, since there passed from this earth the
man who, in the opinion of those best qualified to judge in
those matters, was the greatest English-speaking general since
Marlborough, a title which assuredly no one has since arisen
to dispute. Indeed, it may be fairly claimed that, consider-
ing the means at his disposal for accomplising the task which
was set him, Lee ranks high among the first twelve of the
world's greatest commanders.
In spite of the numerous lives and memoirs of him which
have appeared in his own country— the present writer pos-
sesses not less than fifteen of these— no adequate history of
his military career has yet appeared. The task of compiling
such a work had been intrusted to the brilliant biographer
of Stonewall Jackson, the late Lieut. Col. G. F. R. Hender-
son, C.B., but, unhappily, he was not spared to accomplish
it. In such a brief sketch as the present it is not possible to
do more than call attention to a few salient points in that
career.
The greater part of Lee's service in the United States army
before the war had been passed in the engineer corps, and this
might predispose people to think of him rather as a scientific
than a fighting officer. Nevertheless, he displayed as a gen-
eral in the Confederate States army an audacity which has
seldom, if ever, been surpassed. Take, for example, his de-
termination to hold his ground during the day succeeding
the battle of Sharpsburg, a determination which amazed even
Stonewall Jackson. He had fought what was, in proportion
to the numbers engaged, the bloodiest battle of the war, the
odds being 35,000 Confederates as against 87,000 Federals.
His men were scantily fed and clothed; and, although at the
end of the day the enemy had been repulsed at all points, it
was at a severe cost both in men and material, and he had a
river in his rear. Yet Lee actually contemplated the possi-
bility of taking the offensive, and it was only on the night
of the day following the battle that he withdrew his army to
the south side of the Potomac, making the crossing without
further loss or molestation.
Take again his crowning glory, Chancellorsville. Here
Lee, with a total available force of all arms amounting to
somewhere about 57,000, was opposed to "the finest army on
the planet," numbering close upon 134,000. Of these, 37,673
were placed under the command of Sedgwick, who was to
carry the heights of Fredricksburg then held by Early with
some 9,000 men, and operate upon Lee's right rear ; while
Hooker, who as commander in chief, with 73,124 men under-
took a movement against Lee's left flank and center. In the
face of these apparently overwhelming odds Lee preserved his
equipoise and took measures to anticipate the blow which
was about to fall upon him. Early's detachment left him
some 40,000 infantry to cope with Hooker's nearly double
strength. Notwithstanding this vast disparity of numbers,
he did not hesitate to divide his forces in the presence of the
enemy, and, retaining two divisions, 14,000 strong in the
aggregate, to face Hooker, he dispatched Jackson with the
remaining 26,000 to make that famous flank march which,
while it resulted in the complete rout of Hooker, deprived
him of his "right hand," wanting which he failed to win the
battle of Gettysburg. Lee emphatically asserted after the war
that if Jackson had been with him there he would have won
that battle and the war.
After Gettysburg, his one defeat in the open field, Lee dis-
played the same tenacity and audacity as after Sharpsburg.
For the whole of the 4th of July, the day after the closing
of that three days' fight, he maintained a bold face to the
foe, so much so that they were somewhat apprehensive lest
he should resume the offensive; and, notwithstanding that
his retreat was heavily cumbered by the numerous wounded
and atrocious weather conditions, he brought off his forces
across the swollen rivers in his path with comparatively slight
loss, the enemy deeming it too hazardous to risk a close
pursuit.
Lee's defensive campaign in the Wilderness in the spring
and early summer of 1864 has probably only been surpassed
by Napoleon's marvelous fighting in Champagne nearly fifty
years earlier. In connection with it the following anecdotes,
which were told to the present writer during a visit to Vir-
ginia in 1909, may find a fitting place here.
There was a famous Confederate scout, Stringfellow by
name, who on the 4th of May, 1864, the eve of the opening
of that campaign, reported himself to Lee, when the follow-
ing colloquy took place :
"Well, Captain Stringfellow, where do you come from?"
"From Washington, General."
"What number of men has General Grant, and what is
he doing?"
"He has 140,000 men in front of you and is about to move
on you."
Without a moment's hesitation Lee said : "I have 54,000
men up, and as soon as he crosses the river I will strike him."
Grant crossed the Rapidan on the following day, and as
30on as he was entangled in the Wilderness Lee struck him
a staggering blow.
In the course of the same campaign Grant had gotten hold
of a resident in that part of the country and had pressed hira
into his service as a guide. This person was in Grant's tent
one day when the General, with his corps commanders and
staff around him, was poring over a map of the surrounding
country, tracing out with his finger the various roads and
clearings. Presently he arose and. stretching himself, said:
"Well, gentlemen, if we don't hear his guns in five minutes,
I've got him at last." The words were scarcely out of his
mouth when a most terrific cannonading broke forth. Grant
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
slapped his hand down on the table and exclaimed : "By
God, he's got me again !" And it is a fact that whenever and
wherever he made a move in that campaign there he found Lee
facing him. In the four weeks' campaign ending with Grant's
bloody repulse at Cold Harbor on June 2, which not only
definitely knocked on the head his expressed intention "to
fight it out on this line if it takes all summer," but was also
within an ace of bringing the war to a triumphant conclusion
for the South. Lee had put as many of Grant's men out of
action as he himself had under his command during the en-
tire campaign — viz., 64,000.
To Lee belongs probably the unique distinction of being the
only general who ever carried through a long war with "kid
gloves." The wanton destruction of enemy property was not
| only strictly prohibited by him, but his injunctions in that
■ respect were rigorously carried out. His orders with regard
to such matters, issued on the occasion of his invasion of
Pennsylvania, stand out in startling contrast to those given
by Sherman on setting out on his great march and those
given by Grant to Sheridan for the devastation of the
Shenandoah Valley. So much for Lee the soldier.
If humility, combined with a proper sense of what was due
to his position, generosity, modesty, self-abnegation, a pro-
found consideration for the feelings of others, gentleness
toward all men, enemies as well as friends, deference toward
those in authority over him, tenderness of heart, especially
to the young and feeble, are the true marks of a gentleman,
then Lee, who possssed all these qualities in abundance and
showed them forth through all his career from childhood to
the grave, was indeed the "complete and perfect model of a
true gentleman." This is not, however, to say that his char-
acter was perfectly flawless. Lee had a high temper, and when
occasion called for it he could express himself with con-
siderable severity. On the other hand, his self-control was
almost abnormal. Of this a notable instance was recounted by
the late Col. Walter H. Taylor, his adjutant general. On one
of Lee's "bad days" that officer had to lay some papers be-
fore him which required his attention. Lee showed some
irritation, accompanied by a certain harshness of manner.
Taylor showed anger on his side and threw the papers down.
Then in a perfectly calm and measured tone of voice Lee
said: "Colonel Taylor, when I lose my temper, don't you let
it make you angry." In a somewhat similar strain was Lee's
answer to a student at Washington College, Lexington,
Va., later, and now, known as the Washington and Lee Uni-
versity, of which institution he was President from October,
1865, until his death. Lee had occasion to warn the young
man that only patience and industry would prevent the failure
that would otherwise inevitably mar his career. "But, Gen-
eral, you failed," was the reply. "I hope that you may be
more fortunate," said Lee.
Lee had, as was told to the present writer by one of his
officers, "a pretty gift of sarcasm," and his reproofs would
at times assume that form. Of one of the students he re-
ported: "He is entirely too careful of the health of his
father's son. We do not want our students to injure their
health by studying, but we want them to come as near to it
as it is possible to miss. This young gentleman, you see, is
a long way from the 'danger line.' " To another student who
had been called up to account for his absence without leave
Lee remarked with a smile : "Mr. , I am glad to see you
better." "But, General, I have not been sick." "Then I am
glad you have better news from home." "But, General, I
have had no bad news." "Ah," said Lee "I took it for
U
granted that nothing less than sickness or distressing news
from home could have kept you from your duty."
Of Lee's extraordinary influence over children two in-
stances must suffice. In one of his rides near Lexington he
was encounterd by his goddaughter, Virginia Lee Letcher,
a little girl six years old, who could not induce her younger
sister to come home. As Lee rode up Jennie made her ap-
peal : "General Lee, won't you please make this child go home
to her mother?" Lee at once leaned over and, picking up the
small delinquent, rode off home with her. When Mrs.
Letcher inquired why she had given General Lee so much
trouble, Jennie replied: "I couldn't make Fan go home, and
I thought he could do anything." More than thirty years
after his death a Richmond lady was telling her little girl
about the Chinese practice of crushing children's feet into
shoes which were far too small for them. "General Lee
wouldn't have allowed that," promptly said the child.
After the war Lee used his great influence by precept and
example to reconcile the South to her position. He never
spoke bitterly of his late antagonists and invariably discour-
aged the use of such language by others. Nevertheless, the
iron of the evil days of Reconstruction entered deeply into
his soul, and his grief for the sufferings of his country was
indubitably a contributory cause of his death. In 1869 he
was passing through Richmond on his return to Lexington
from a visit to the graves of his father and daughter and
called upon Major Talcott, a former member of his staff.
This gentleman remarked how ill and depressed he was
looking. "Yes," the General replied, "I am not only some-
what apprehensive on account of my own health, but the suf-
ferings of our people have deeply affected me. Major, if
I conld have foreseen the way in which those people — his
usual way of speaking of the Yankees— would treat them,
I would never have surrendered my army." "Well, General,"
said Major Talcott, "you have only to blow the bugle." But
the General said, "It is too late now," and shook his head
sadly. It may not be generally known that, although Lee
by way of example had taken the oath of allegiance to the
United States government and had applied for pardon, no
notice was taken of his application, and his actual status at
the time of his death was that of a prisoner of war on
parole.
But Lee and the cause for which he sacrificed everything
but honor have come to their own. In a speech made at the
Lee Centennial, January 19, 1907, at Lexington the Hon. C.
F. Adams, son of the American Ambassador to Great Britain
at the time of the War between the States, who had served
in the Army of the Potomac and was then President of the
Historical Society of Massachusetts, "a typical bred-in-the-
bone Yankee," as he styled himself, after stating that during
the war no event could have given him greater pleasure than
the death of Lee at the hands of the command in which he
served, proceeded to state that "as the result of much patient
study and most mature reflection under the circumstances I
would myself have done exactly what Lee did. In fact, I do
not see how I, placed as he was, could have done otherwise."
Again within the last ten years there was a very strongly
expressed desire on the part of the survivors of the Army of
the Potomac to erect a statue to Lee in New York. This
was abandoned in deference to the wish of the General's sur-
viving daughter, who thought that the time had not come for
such a commemoration. On the 8th of June, 1917, there, was
dedicated on the field of Gettysburg a memorial to the Army
of Northern Virginia, the crowning feature of which was an
equestrian statue in heroic proportions of R. E. Lee. The
^oijfederat^ l/eterai),
ceremony was attended by vast crowds, among whom were
numbered a multitude of Northerners, who included in their
ranks many of those whose sentiments had coincided with
the war-time feelings of Mr. C. F. Adams. To come down
to recent times. On the 19th of January, 1917, the com-
mander of a brigade of Pennsylvania troops, quartered at
Petersburg, Va.. said that he proposed when the 80th Di-
vision, to which this brigade belonged, had proved itself
worthy of \the honor to ask that it might bear the name of
the "Lee Division." And General Pershing, another North-
erner, in addressing the State Legislature of Virginia in the
spring of the present year, after referring in terms of the
greatest admiration to General Lee, stated that in the recent
war the record of the Virginia troops was worthy of the
fame of the Army of Northern Virginia.
We hear a good deal nowadays of the right of peoples to
self-determination with regard to their form of government.
That was the right for which Lee and his people contended.
They failed, but will any one dare now to assert that they
were in the wrong?
Explanatory.
Many years ago I was passing by steamer up the Thames,
and in skirting Putney, a suburb of London, I was very much
astonished to observe a large Confederate flag flying in the
grounds of one of the villas belonging to that town. I gazed
at it, I must confess, very much as Balboa did at the Pacific
when he caught his first sight of that sea from the "peak in
Darien"— that is to say. with a "wild surmise" which it was
not possible then to satisfy. Some years later I met Capt.
Robert E. Lee, Jr., at the White Sulphur Springs ; and as he
knew that I had been recently in England, he asked me in his
hearty way: "Did you by any chance while in London make
the acquaintance of my old friend, Gerald Smythe? He is
the best Confederate I know." "I wonder," I replied, "if he
is the man who flies that flag in Putney?" "The very man,"
said Captain Lee, "and he thinks as much of it as he does of
the British standard."
A few years later I happened to be in England again, and
I made it a point to meet Mr. Smythe, who, I found, was also
personally known to Col. Gordon McCabe — indeed, was an
intimate friend and correspondent of that most charming and
accomplished of men and most devoted of Confederates. Mr.
Snvythe had removed to Tunbridge Wells, and it was in his
home there that I visited him. His house was situated on
the confines of that intersting town, just at the border of a
common, then overflowing with masses of yellow-blossoming
gorse. Only a stone's throw from his door was the famous
well which had made Tunbridge a center of fashion and
frivolity in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. As I
approached the house I descried an enormous new Confeder-
ate flag flying from a tall staff firmly planted upon the green
lawn.
As I entered the porch the sound of the familiar Confed-
erate airs, played in snatches one after another, struck har-
moniously upon my ear — "Bonnie Blue Flag," "Dixie,"
"Maryland, My Maryland," and the like. It was Mr. Smythe
at the piano in the drawing-room. In the hall he gave me a
hearty greeting, not only as a friend of Captain Lee and
Colonel McCabe, but as a Virginian, a Southerner, and the
author of a "Life of Robert E. Lee." He took me at once
to his library, which I found packed with books relating to
the Confederacy. Not a volume had ever been written about
Lee which was not to be discovered on his shelves, and this
was almost equally true of all the other heroes of the Con-
federacy. Seated in a comfortable chair, he gave me a most
interesting account of his only visit to Virginia and the
South — his stay with Captain and Mrs. Lee at Romancoke,
his association in Richmond with that gallant and sturdy old
Confederate, George L. Christian, his reception by the Con-
federate Camp in that city, his visit to Maj. Channing M.
Bolton in Charlottesville, his sojourn in Lexington, his stay
in Charleston, S. C, there as everywhere else an object of
attention on account of his devotion to the Southern cause
and, I may add, of his own winning personal qualities. In
Lexington he deposited an exquisite bronze wreath at the foot
of the effigy of Lee in the chapel as an expression of his pro-
found reverence for the character of that great man and
admiration for his military achievements.
But to return to Mr. Smythe's own house. Before luncheon
was announced, he took me to his drawing-room and dining
room and showed me the numerous Confederate souvenirs
which he had collected — portraits, pictures, letters, and what
not. It was especially rich in objects associated with the
Lees. When we sat down to luncheon, I found the table
decorated with flowers, the tints of which represented the
Confederate colors. Our conversation during the meal turned
on Confederate history, and I soon saw that he had been a
profound student of that subject in all its manifold phases.
When I left the house, I must admit that I had a lump in
my throat. There was something so indescribably beautiful
in the devotion of this high-minded and cultured English
gentleman, a man who had passed his seventieth year, to the
memories of the Southern cause. The World War was then
in progress. There were thousands of British troops marching
about Tunbridge. One could almost hear the muffled roar of
the guns at Ypres. And yet the impression which my friend
had of Gettysburg and Chancellorsville, Shiloh and Chicka-
mauga was quite as vivid as his impression of the battles
which the newspapers were daily announcing. Was it sur-
prising that when I came to dedicate my volume on the brave
deeds of Confederate soldiers his name should be the very'
first to leap to my mind as one especially entitled to such a
distinction from the author of a Confederate book?
* Philip Alexander Bruce.
University of Virginia.
ARGONNE WOOD.
(Inscribed to the Southern boys who are sleeping there.)
Ah, yes ! In Flanders' fields, where poppies blow,
Brave Gallic sons are resting, "row on row !"
Fond Gallic hearts are thrilled by poet's song
That glorified that dauntless martyr throng !
Some time ere long our loyal hearts have prayed
Our peerless host who met fate unafraid
And sleep in Argonne Wood, too long unsung,
Will have Fame's fadeless wreath on each mound hung.
Such glorious theme will urge true poet's soul
To epic flight, a matchless, deathless scroll,
Whose tragic tale will temper vain regret,
Hold us entranced by scenes time can't forget !
Some time-inspired bard of our homeland
Will consecrate our absent Argonne band !
— Hugh Gaylord Barclay, in Montgomery Advertiser.
Qopfederat^ 1/eterai).
PELHAM, OF ALABAMA.
BY FRED R. MARTIN, ANNISTON, ALA.
Interest in the story of the "Gallant John Pelham," prob-
ably the most dashing of the boy heroes of the Confederacy,
seems never to abate. Therefore, in writing of his boyhood
and youth in Alabama and later at West Point, together with
a brief sketch of his ancestry, I feel that I am supplying the
readers of the Veteran a story of interest.
The first known ancestor of Maj. John Pelham was Peter
Pelham, an engraver of Chicester, England. His son, Peter
Pelham, came to Boston in 1726, thereby becoming the first
; American ancestor of Major Pelham. This Peter Pelham
j was also an engraver and painter. of considerable note, being
a competitor of Paul Revere in the engraving trade. His
portrait of Cotton Mather, painted and engraved in 1727, is
preserved as probably the best likeness of that eminent co-
lonial American. Others of Mr. Pelham's portraits and en-
j ^ravings of his contemporaries are also preserved and treas-
ured in New England. As stepfather to the celebrated
painter, John Singleton Copely, Mr. Pelham was further en-
abled to make his impress upon early American art.
A third Peter Pelham, son of the above and great-grand-
father of Major Pelham, removed from Boston to Williams-
burg, Va., when a very young man and became one of the
jarliest and best-known musicians of the metropolis of co-
lonial Virginia. Under his directions there was installed in
Bruton Parish Church a pipe organ, believed to have been
the first installed in America. He continued as organist of
the church for nearly half a century, and George Washing-
ton and Martha were attendants there when in Williamsburg.
George Washington in his diary mentions attending a the-
atrical performance at which "Mr. Pelham dispensed sweet
music."
Peter Pelham's eldest son, Charles, grandfather of John
Pelham, was born in July, 1748, probably in Boston shortly
before his father's removal to Virginia. Charles Pelham
served with distinction in the Continental Army and reached
the position of major. Soon after the Revolution he removed
to the vicinity of what later became Marysville, Ky., though
at that time a portion of Virginia. Maj. Charles Pelham
died on August 29, 1829, and is buried in the cemetery at
Marysville.
Dr. Atkinson Pelham, father of Maj. John Pelham, was
:>orn near Marysville on November 21, 1797, growing to
/oung manhood there. He attended and graduated from
Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia. He first prac-
ticed his profession in Pearson County, N. C, where he
narried Miss Martha McGee in the early thirties. In 1837
or early 1838 Dr. Pelham and his family removed to Benton
(now Calhoun) County, Ala., and his third son, John Pel-
iam, was born near Alexandria on September 14, 1838.
Dr. Pelham died on July 7, 1880, his wife having died in
1876. The final resting place of this devoted couple is near
:heir illustrious son in the cemetery at Jacksonville, Ala.
John Pelham spent a very happy and venturesome boyhood
In the family home at Alexandria, and when a little more
than seventeen years old, in 1856, he was appointed to a
:adetship in the West Point Military Academy by his Con-
gressman, the Hon. Sampson W. Harris, supposedly at the
request of the late Senator John T. Morgan, a family friend.
!foung Pelham entered the academy on July 1, 1856, and be-
came a member of the only five-year class ever organized
it the academy, which accounts for his presence there in 1861.
At the academy Cadet Pelham was assigned to Company
u
D, composed chiefly of Southern men, though Custer was a
notable exception, and there were several other Northern
men who achieved more or less fame fighting on the Union
side. Life at West Point at this time was in no wise mo-
notonous because of the intense interest taken by opposing
factions in the series of events and issues immediately pre-
ceding the War between the States. However, the soldierly
bearing and consideration of the cadets prevented more than
a very few physical clashes between Southerners and North-
erners.
The late Morris Schaff, a classmate and companymate of
Pelham's, himself a Union soldier, graphically describes life
at West Point during this period in his "Spirit of Old West
Point," and of Pelham he says : "The other day I saw the
name of Pelham, and at once West Point flashes upon my
sight, and I saw him as if he were alive, walking across the
area, and then I saw myself riding across the field near
Brandy Station, where he was mortally wounded. Of all
the men in West Point in my day, either as cadets or officers,
his name will possibly outlast all save Cushing's, and I have
sometimes thought that at the last the dew 'will sparkle
brighter on Pelham's memory."
Then again: "The 'Gallant Pelham,' and that from Lee,
was worth more than any rank in any army, more valuable
than any title of nobility or badge of any order."
Another member of Pelham's class, Maj. Gen. Adelbert
Ames, who faced Pelham's guns at Bull Run and in Mc-
Clellan's Peninsular Campaign, writes very interestingly of
Pelham at West Point in part as follows :
"It is a pleasure to recall his memory. He was a general
favorite in the corps of cadets and, I think I am safe in
saying, the most popular man in our class.
"He was a gentleman in the highest sense of the term. A
discourteous act was wholly foreign to his nature. His
kindly heart, sweet voice, and genial smile carried sunshine
with him always.
"In those days, on the eve of the Civil War, sectional
feeling ran high at West Point, as elsewhere. Cadets of the
two sections were drawn more closely together. As a rule,
political convictions were mutually respected, as were religious
principles. Issues were too grave to discuss except in the
most general and dispassionate way, if at all. No one's bear-
ing under such circumstances was more wise, more discreet
than John Pelham's. What he instinctively claimed for him-
self he graciously conceded to others.
"When we separated in the spring of 1861 none took with
him more affectionate regard than he.
"I am not disloyal when I tell you we heard with secret
pride of his gallant deeds on the field of battle. It was what
we had a right to expect of him. He was our classmate for
years ; he was one of the best of us. Who should win honor
and glory if not he? And we were deeply grieved when we
heard of his death. He died as others of us died, in the hey-
day of hope and youth fighting each for his right.
"I recall one instance when as a young cadet he was trying
to get on the color guard. Success depended upon military
bearing, cleanliness of gun, condition of dress and accouter-
ments, etc., including every possible detail. Half a dozen
classmates surrounded him eager to prepare him for the ad-
jutant's critical inspection. One brought him a bayonet and
scabbard better varnished than his own, another a waist belt
better than the one he had on, a third was wiping his gun
with his handkerchief to remove any possible neglected par-
ticle of dust, etc., time, effort, and interest they would hardly
give themselves for themselves. He all the while was pro-
10
Qoi)federat^ l/eterai).
testing that they were too kind and acknowledging his ap-
preciation with merry laugh and twinkling eyes. He made
the color guard."
Col. Henry A. DuPont, of the Union army, another class-
mate of Pelham's, is also very frank in his admiration for
the gallant Southerner, as quotation from a personal letter
will show :
"John Pelham, of Alabama, entered the military academy
with me in June, 1856. He was of medium height, very
straight, and with a remarkably well proportioned figure.
His complexion was not very fair, although his eyes were
blue and his hair decidedly blonde. Altogether he was a
very handsome youth, with attractive manners which lent
an additional charm to his open and engaging countenance.
"Although his natural abilities were good, he could not
have been called clever and did not stand very high in his
class, my recollection being that he did not apply himself
particularly to his studies. He was, however, a young man
of high tone and decided character, and his proficiency in
military exercises and in all that pertained to a soldier's
life made him a cadet noncommissioned officer and a cadet
officer.
"In the years immediately prior to the war of the rebellion
sectional spirit ran very high through the country and was
reflected in the corps of cadets at West Point, with the re-
sults that social relations -between Northerners and South-
erners were not close as a rule, the term "Southerner" being
applied to all those coming from slave States. Pelham, while
preserving his sectional affiliations, was popular with every-
body, his manly deportment and pleasant manners making
him universally liked.
"It was my fortune to have been on most intimate terms
with him during the four and a half years that we were
together at West Point, and I was tenderly attached to him.
During the autumn of 1860 I had a personal difficulty in the
line of military duty with two of my classmates from New
England, the root of the trouble being jealousy about my
class standing, accentuated by the sectional feeling above
mentioned. I turned at once to John Pelham, who was my
second in a pugilistic encounter of twenty-one minutes, from
which I emerged victorious, for cadets in those days settled
all the difficulties by stand-up fist fights.
"After a very sorrowful parting, he left the military
academy for the South early in 1861, and I never saw him
again."
Another classmate and intimate friend, the intrepid Custer,
who lost his life in the service of our united country, sent
Pelham the following message, congratulatory upon his ad-
vancement in the Confederate service: "We rejoice, dear Pel-
ham, at your success."
Any mention of Pelham's classmates at West Point with-
out notice of that other "boy hero of the Confederacy,"
Thomas L. Rosser, would leave something lacking. Rosser
and Pelham were close, intimate friends and were often dance
partners at the "stag" dances of the cadets. However, Ros-
ser lived to serve a reunited Union in the Spanish-American
War, then having the rank of brigadier general. He achieved
the rank of major general in the Confederate service.
Pelham, Rosser, and several other cadets from other South-
ern States resigned from the Academy to enter the service of
their respective States upon the outbreak of the war. Pelham
h.ad already passed his final examinations for graduation, and
had he remained only a few days longer would have received
his diploma. However, he was most impatient for service in
the field in behalf of "the land we love."
His deeds upon many a bloody field will live in history,
story, and song. His memory is enshrined in the hearts of
many men and women who followed and loved the Stars and
Bars, and his fame will last as long as deeds of bravery and
daring are related.
[An article on Pelham's career in the Confederate army
by the same writer will appear later. — Ed.]
THE UNLUCKY NUMBER— 13.
BY J. W. BR0UGHT0N, HALLW00D, VA.
I remember well my first baptism of Yankee fire; the im-
pression has been indelible. It occurred near Gloucester Point,
Va., in 1862. After the evacuation of this garrison and
Yorktown, the Yankees had kept a considerable force, and
their cavalry made frequent raids into Gloucester and Mat-
thews.
The cavalry company of which I was a member had been
organized as Partisan Rangers. The only arms we had, in
addition to the Confederate-made sabers, were old fowling
pieces a few of which were double-barreled, but a large pro-
portion of them were single-barreled and flintlocks. There
were also a few small pistols and a number of the antequated
horse pistols, also the flint-and-steel variety with those who
had no guns. One thing we did have was splendid horses.
We had frequently endeavored to get up with the Yankee
cavalry, but to no purpose; our traps were widely avoided.
This state of affairs continued until the early fall, when our
captain, J. K. Littleton, and First Lieut. R. T. Sears, with
fifteen or twenty men, went to Gloucester C. H. one after-
noon and remained there until late into the night, when we
moved off in the direction of Gloucester Point, distant about
ten miles. When within a mile of the Point we were halted
at a small rivulet which crossed the road, and Captain Lit-
tleton stated in low tones that we were within two or three
hundred yards of the Yankee outpost infantry picket, sta-
tioned at what was known as Hook Store. He said it was
the intention, if possible, to capture them without creating
an alarm, then to ride to the Point and do all the damage
possible and make our escape. We were strictly enjoined
not to fire a gun or pistol unless we were first fired upon.
We were ordered to draw saber and use it only.
We moved up the inclined road to the level, with open
ground on each side. We could see by the bright starlight
the Yankee sentinal directly in front of the storehouse and
in the center of the road. When within about sixty yards he
challenged ue to halt, then very leisurely demanded: 'What
troop is that?" From the time that we were ordered to halt
Yankees were running from in front of the storehouse and
formed a line across the road. Then one of them at one end
of their line, who proved to be a lieutenant, again demanded
what troop. Captain Littleton had learned from some one
that part of the 3d Pennsylvania Cavalry was at the Point.
It began to look rather serious for us, so much so that our
first set of fours, realizing that we were not going to capture
them with the saber and without alarm, dropped their sabers
and brought their double-barreled guns ready to give a
shower of ball and buckshot. Our captain had become, as
we say, "rattled" and, replying to the Yankee lieutenant, said,
'"103d Pennsylvania." The Yankee lieutenant's response was:
"Fix bayonets ! We have no such troop. Make ready ! Aim.
fire!"
Realizing the gravity of the situation, and not waiting for
Qogfederat^ l/eterai?.
ii
Captain Littleton, Lieutenant Sears, at the same instant that
the Yankees were ordered to fire, gave the command : "Charge,
boys !" Our first fours emptied their guns at the same time
the Yankees fired. I don't know how many Yankees were
killed outright from our guns. We were on them in an in-
stant with pistol and saber. The Yankee lieutenant jumped
over the' fence near the store and was ordered to halt, but did
not obey and was shot down. Not one escaped. When we
counted them, we found eleven dead and two prisoners. Our
casualties were nothing, not a man or horse even wounded.
We did not, like the Yanks, have the hoodoo number,
thirteen.
A CHOSEN PEOPLE.
Historical Evening Address at Asheville Convention,
U. D. C, by Mrs. A. A. Campbell, Historian
General.
Madam President, Veterans, Daughters of the Confederacy,
and Fellow Citizens: We are assembled here for our annual
voyage to the land of memory, the Confederate States of
America. We will sail on the good ship Retrospect, which
never lost a passenger. Matthew Fontaine Maury is our com-
modore, the Alabama, commanded by Admiral Raphael
Semmes, is our convoy, followed by the ironclad Virginia
and a flotilla manned by men as brave as ever sailed the
Seven Seas.
These are all enchanted ships. They come when we signal
them and bear us instantly to the harbor of long ago, which
is the chief port of the land of memory. There are the bat-
tle fields fought over by the blue and the gray; there "to the
sessions of sweet, silent thought we summon up remembrance
of things past" and ponder why this fair land is seen only
by looking backward.
There was once a city which gave the title to the first and
still the greatest of epic poems. Many walls have fallen and
many kings have been exiled since Homer sang of Troy, but
cold is the heart that has never thrilled at the name of Hector
or Achilles ;_ and so, I fancy, throughout all time the names
of Lee and Jackson shall shine with supernal glory, lighting
the souls of men to noble deeds.
Why did the South fail with a righteous cause with such
leaders, with an army that never quailed at danger, with a
womanhood whose heroism was an inspiration to her men?
"There is a divinity that shapes our ends, roughhew them
how we will." Back in some remote antiquity our finite minds
cannot fathom God ordained the discovery of America, so
that the New World and the new conceptions of religion
might be coordained, the one affording a refuge to the other.
In a peculiar sense we have been a chosen people, heirs of the
promise to those who honor the great Ruler of the universe.
Let us trace a few of the manifestations of a great Hand
guiding and protecting us. Remembering that it is the same
Hand which wrote upon a banquet hall the doom of Babylon,
which touched the feet of clay and the Roman empire crum-
bled, may we not reverently say the same Hand which turned
back the Hun in the race to the sea and the march to Paris?
Back in the year 1755 there was no anticipation whatever
of the cordial relations now existing with France. In fact,
so far from our adopting French orphans, the French were
very diligently making American orphans, assisted by their
Indian allies.
We were sheltered at that time by a royal standard, on
which the heraldic animals were a lion and a unicorn support-
ing a crown. Even then killing British subjects was a
pastime in which other nations engaged at their peril. A
punitive expedition was sent out under General Braddock,
and it is possible that the way it was managed subsequently
encouraged the belief that he and Lord Cornwallis used the
same book on military tactics. Straight into an Indian am-
bush marched the regulars against a foe which did not ob-
serve the etiquette of battle practiced by the best continental
armies. Under the withering fire of unseen rifles Braddock
fell mortally wounded, ,and the redcoats gave way. But
look ! There comes a young colonel, defying the hail of bul-
lets, rallying the regulars, saving the retreat from becoming
a massacre. How does he escape when so many are slain?
A power called Providence guards him, for his name is to
be written in the hearts of a mighty people and is to be a
beacon, filling the whole world with its splendor, for this is
George Washington, the Father of his Country.
The closest presidential election ever held in the United
States was in February, 1801. Jefferson and Burr each re-
ceived seventy-three votes, and the House of Representatives
was to decide the election. Alexander Hamilton, not that he
hated Jefferson less, but Burr more, used his influence to elect
Jefferson. Two years later occurred an event which ranks
next to the Revolution and the War between the States as
the greatest in our history — the Louisiana Purchase. It added
one million square miles, at a cost of fifteen million dollars,
to our area. Nine magnificent commonwealths and parts of
four others were carved out of this domain. Was this won-
derful real estate bargain received with universal approval?
Alas, no! There was then, as now, in Washington a body
known as the United States Senate. It viewed the Louisiana
Purchase with the same alarm subsequently bestowed upon
the admission of Texas, the League of Nations, a re-
markable case of senatorial heredity, and Massachusetts led
the opposition in each instance. Providence, however, was
preparing to extend the republic from ocean to ocean, from
Canada to the Rio Grande, and Jefferson was the man of
vision used to accomplish this great purpose.
In 1860 another presidential election was held. Let us
throw the mantle of charity over the folly of Northern and
Southern Democrats each naming a candidate, for did not
the party which profited so greatly by this mistake commit
its counterpart eight years ago, and can we doubt that the
same Providence which chose Wilson also chose Lincoln or
that it was written in the eternal decrees that one flag, and
one only, should float over one great republic? How else
can we explain the strange and unforeseen fatalities which
baffled the calculations of able strategists and rendered un-
availing the valor of matchless soldiers?
See First Manassas, with its opportunity to capture Wash-
ington and secure foreign recognition, become a barren
triumph for the South, an incentive to greater effort to the
North. See victory slip from the dying grasp of Albert Sid-
ney Johnston at Shiloh and Grant begin that onward march,
oftentimes halted, but at last reaching Appomattox. Recall
the captured order detailing the plan of the Maryland cam-
paign, with the result that Sharpsburg became a drawn bat-
tle instead of a decision for the South. So down the road
at Chancellorsville Stonewall Jackson must ride to be fired
on by his own men ; and so, after four years, swords are
sheathed and banners furled, for the conflict is over.
Nothing in martyred Belgium surpassed the desolation of
the South, and in the blazing track of armies and the ashes
of burned cities no hand was held out in pity to our starving
people or in sympathy with their broken hearts. The cessa-
tion of hostilities brought the more cruel days of Reconstruc-
12
Qopfederat^ l/efeerap.
tion, when an alien race was maintained by bayonets in the
legislative halls of imperial commonwealths, and President
Davis languished in prison until it was finally conceded that
no court had jurisdiction in his case. The one service we
can still render to those who suffered supremely for home
and country is to keep their record clear. The fiction that
secession was rebellion was originated for the purpose of
obscuring the real issue of State rights. When New York,
Rhode Island, and Virginia adopted the Federal Constitution
with the proviso that they could withdraw from it, they cer-
tainly thought it was a voluntary union, in which the high
contracting parties could reserve the right of withdrawal.
When the New England delegates met in the Hartford
Convention such was their belief also. The close of the War
of 1812 removed the cause of their dissatisfaction, but the
assertion of the right of secession was none the less definite.
Exercising what they believed to be their right, seven South-
ern States seceded, and, meeting at Montgomery in February,
1861, they adopted a constitution, elected a President, and
sent commissioners to Washington to arrange amicably the
question of the defenses at Charleston and the forts on the
Florida coast, which were the only Federal property not al-
ready taken possession of by the seceding States.
President Buchanan sent a vessel with supplies and soldiers
to strengthen Fort Sumter. It was fired on by the batteries
of Charleston, and the attempt was abandoned. The North
was angered, but there was no call for troops "to suppress
combinations in the seceded States too powerful for the law
to contend with," which was the pretext alleged by President
Lincoln when Fort Sumter was captured as the result of a
second effort to reenforce it. The call for troops was in
effect a declaration of war, and all that remained was the
choice of sides on which to fight. Virginia, North Carolina,
Tennessee, and Arkansas aligned themselves with their
Southern brethren. Those who speak so loudly in high places
at the present hour would do well to recollect that in this
great crisis Congress was not in session, nor was it sum-
moned in extra session. The representatives of the people had
no part in the decision which plunged us in a fratricidal strife.
The Maryland Legislature was prevented by military force
from assembling, the habeas corpus act was suspended, and
the blockade of Southern ports declared. For these usurpa-
tions the President requested the retroactive sanction of Con-
gress. It was literally a case of forestalling judgment and
formulating action, asking merely for approval. The Eman-
cipation Proclamation was another astute measure by which
foreign nations were favorably impressed and not a slave set
free. It applied only to the Confederate States over which
Federal authority did not extend until the territory was con-
quered by invasion. The border States, where it could have
been promptly enforced, were exempt from its provisions and
enjoyed slavery unmolested until the Thirteenth Amendment
was adopted in December, 1865. These are the undeniable
facts of history. There is a persistent effort to evade them,
but the Southern schools and colleges which permit unfair
and prejudiced distortions of the truth are guilty of a base
betrayal of their birthright and are disloyal to their dead.
The War between the States, tragic and terrible, was, like
Washington in the Revolution and Jefferson in our formative
period, an agent in a vast design slowly unfolding. Viewed
in the glare of blazing Europe, may not this divine purpose
have been that the United States should throw one sword
into the scale and thus save civilization and those spiritual
intangibles which are our chief treasures? Descendants of
veterans, both blue and gray, fought on sea and land and
sky that liberty might not perish from the earth. Thousands
of them sleep in the land of Lafayette, paying with their
young lives the bloody price of victory. Dear lads in khaki,
may they rest in peace eternal, and may their surviving com-
rades be our bulwark against all future foes ! On this anni-
versary of Armistice Day let us pause to recall our joy and
gratitude when the Hun surrendered and the greatest menace
which ever threatened the world was averted.
A new day is dawning. Let us summon our phantom ships
and bid farewell to the land of memory.
The passage of the Susan B. Anthony amendment ushers
in an epoch in our civil life. Paraphrasing Shakespeare, some
women were born to the ballot, some achieved the ballot, and
some had the ballot thrust upon them. In the final analysis
both political parties believed that votes for women really-
meant votes for men, and each hoped to win through the en-
larged electorate. You have enfranchised us, and we must
accept the solemn responsibility. We come to it with more
confidence than we had dared to hope, for there is a moral
inertia throughout our land which is ominous. We need to
learn that righteousness exalts a nation, and in the frantic
search for riches we should realize that godliness with con-
tentment is great gain. The star of empire is attaining its
zenith in our Western firmament. Shall it shine down upon
a people corrupted by wealth, deaf to the voice of God in
history and revelation, or shall we return to the pure ideals
and simple faith which made Robert E. Lee the noblest type
of manhood our race has produced?
If woman has come unto her kingdom, like Esther, for such
a time as this, may it. be our mission to arouse this nation
from the lethargy and materialism which presage decadence
and decay by a spiritual regeneration which shall enable us to
fulfill our destiny as a chosen people.
The motto of the Daughters of the Confederacy is "Lest
we forget." Never was there such a list of heroes to re-
member in the annals of a brief era or one which has so chal-
lenged the admiration of posterity.
The Daughters of the Confederacy restored to Cabin John
Bridge the name of Jefferson Davis, which had been erased.
We hope yet to write upon Arlington amphitheater the names
of Southern patriots, that Confederate veterans and Southern
soldiers of the American Legion may honor their comrades on
future Memorial Days with the proud consciousness that we
have kept faith with our immortal dead. May we be worthy
of our glorious heritage and of the priceless oblation of blood
and tears which consecrated the fields of Dixie and made them
forever sacred !
Yea, build your walls of stone or sand,
But know when all is builded — then
The proper breastworks of the land
Are in a race of freeborn men !
The sons of sires who knew in life
That, of all virtues, manhood first,
Still nursing peace, yet arms for strife,
And braves for liberty the worst !
Let not your sons in future days,
The children now that bear your name,
Exulting in a grandsire's praise,
Droop o'er a father's grave in shame !
— Ballad.
Confederate l/eterap.
13
■■GOING SOUTH" IN 1S61.
[The writer of the following letter was a Marylander who
served in the Army of Northern Virginia from the Magruder
campaign in the Peninsular to Appomattox and as captain
of a battery from the region of Bedford, Va., in Longstreet's
Corps from its formation to the end, receiving deserved com-
mendation throughout. He is still living at an advanced age.
"Going South" was the usual term applied to men leaving
Maryland to serve in the Confederate army, and the hard-
ships endured by those Southern patriots in getting through
the lines show the love and loyalty to the South and the prin-
ciples for which it was fighting.]
Richmond, 1.3 January, 1862.
The first person in Baltimore whom I had consulted about
how to go South told me that the brig Frances Jane, belong-
ing to Kirkland, Chase & Co., would sail within a few days
for Rio Janeiro and that the captain had agreed to let some
young men hide themselves in the hold of the vessel and to
put them ashore in Virginia at the mouth of the Potomac.
I rejected this plan, fearing it might get the owners into trou-
ble.
Another plan proposed to me, and which I accepted, was
to join several persons who had arranged to sail in an open
boat from the head of Marly Creek to the south side of the
Potomac. Our rendezvous was the woods in the rear of the
little church on the Annapolis road, about three miles south
of Brooklyn. Passing after dark without interruption the
guard at the ferry bar end of the Light Street Bridge, I
found myself at the appointed spot at the appointed hour,
meeting there my seven fellow passengers. One of them was
a young lady who was understood to be the fiancee of one
of the gentlemen. Two of the party were blockade runners,
arriving in a wagon loaded with goods in canvas bags. Our
boat proved to be the race yacht Bianca, thirty-five feet long,
sloop-rigged, half-decked over, and with a tarpaulin stretched
over the stern sheets. The wind was aft going down the
river and quarterly down the bay. It was all the boat could
stand without reefing. Sunrise showed that we had made
good progress on our voyage. Fearing, however, to approach
the Virginia shore by daylight, we lay at anchor for the day
under the lee of Sharp's Island. After dark we got under
way with reefed sails, purposing to make the Smith's Point
Lighthouse and land in Little Wycomico River. Our captain
had an interst in the cargo of blockade goods and desired to
find some suitable place for getting it ashore.
The lights from numerous vessels began to cause us anxiety.
A steamer passing quite close seemed to exchange signals.
and we supposed our boat had been observed. Altering our
course, we made several tacks to windward. In consequence,
our captain seemed to become confused as to our position.
He had never before been so far down the bay and was
trusting only to his compass and chart. It was considered
hazardous to light a lamp for consulting them. At length
the lighthouse was made out, and we kept on a few miles,
looking out for the Little Wycomico. Not finding the inlet,
it was decided to land the cargo and our baggage on the
open beach, using for the purpose the little flat-bottomed boat
that we had in tow. That accomplished, the captain started
back for Baltimore.
Three of us then went in search of some habitation where
we could secure transportation inland and in the direction of
Fredericksburg for ourselves, our baggage, and the cargo.
Coming across some negro quarters, we learned after some
conversation with one of the negroes — and vou can imagine
1**
with what consternation — tint we were not in Virginia, but
in St. Mary's County, Md., and about four miles above the
Point Lookout Lighthouse. The captain had inadvertently
gotten into the Potomac River, supposing he was still in the
bay, and had mistaken the land on his right hand for the
Virginia shore. Picture to yourself the dismay of our com-
rades on receiving our report ! Without a word of comment,
the two blockade runners left us. Rousing up the proprietors
of two plantations, we tried in vain to induce them to assist
us in getting across the river. The whole country was oc-
cupied by Federal troops and the river banks patrolled to
prevent intercourse with Confederates. Making inquiries
about boats, I at last found a large dugout canoe that had
come over a few days before from Virginia and had been
kept in concealment. I paid a negro for it, for launching it,
and for hunting up a couple of paddles. The large trunk-
belonging to the lady was left in one of the cabins to be kept
until called for.
I started in the canoe with two men of our party. The
little rowboat that had brought us ashore and' had been left
behind took in the lady and the other two men. Fortunately,
one of the men was a sailor and had served as mate of a
vessel. Taking all our baggage with us, the boats were much
overloaded. The wind had nearly gone down. The stars
were shining, and the negro gave us one of them to steer by.
It was Sirius. I shall ever hereafter associate it with this
night on the Potamac. The river is here seven miles wide
in a southwesterly direction to the mouth of Coan River. We
represented the risks to the lady, but she was willing to take
them. Our canoe was the faster, but I had agreed with the
sailor to keep together. After a while the skies became over-
cast, and Sirius was lost to view, the direction of the wind
being the only thing to guide us. Our progress was slow and
laborious, and I began to have some apprehensions about the
result. We were perhaps a fourth of the way across when a
call came from the sailor to come back to him, as his boat
w^as swamping. We put back at once and transferred its
occupants and their effects to our canoe. It was not long
before we saw that it was in not much better condition. The
overload caused it to settle down below an open lengthwise
seam near the gunwale. It was then decided to throw over-
board every bit of baggage, to turn back, and to head for a
light that we took to be Point Lockout Lighthouse. This was
done. Two of us paddled, and the others bailed out the
water with their hats. Rut little headway was made. Our
fear now was lest the tide might be on the ebb and that we
might be carried out into the open bay. After a while the
light began to lift, and we were cheered by this sign of our
approach to it. It was now nearing daybreak, and we could
at length discern that the light was from a vessel. Slowly
drawing near, we could see that it was at anchor, and pres-
ently the sailor recognized it as the brig Frances Jane. Mean-
while its crew had heard our shouts and were about launching
a boat to pick us up when we came alongside. We were
hauled up by a rope passed under the arms. This was the
brig of which I told you in the beginning of this letter. Its
captain, coming to anchor in Cornfield Harbor, had not only
put ashore the five young men concealed in the hold, but had
himself gone with them, deserting his ship and leaving her
in charge of the pilot. We were well taken care of on board
and every attention and comfort freely given us. Around
the breakfast table in the cabin that morning were assembled
six very cheerful persons none the worse for the adventures
of the night. The lady had with admirable courage and self-
14
Qopfederat^ l/eterag.
possession gone through the discomforts and perils of five
hours on a December night in an open, sinking boat.
The pilot, considering that the vessel was compromised by
all that had occurred, decided to put back to Baltimore. Ac-
cordingly on the following morning the brig started in the
face of a violent head wind. Making poor progress, she
turned in at the mouth of the Patuxent and anchored under
Drum Point. Here our party, thinking it right to leave the
vessel, went ashore in Calvert County. Several oyster pungies
had come in for refuge from the storm. In vain we tried to
induce them to convey us to Virginia, but were able to ar-
range with one of them to take the lady to Baltimore. I
sent by her a short note to father, and I have every reason
to hope that he has before this received it.
That evening the rest of our shipwrecked party started to
walk the sixteen miles to St. Leonard and arrived at one
o'clock in the night. We got a place to sleep on the floor
before a fire until morning. We then walked eight miles
across to the Patuxent to beg the assistance of Dr. Mackall,
whose services in helping men to "go South" were well known
to us. He was absent, and his family were evidently discon-
certed by our visit, fearing very properly that it might get
the Doctor into trouble. It was becoming evident to me that
such a large party as ours could not move about without
attracting suspicion. For that and some other reasons, I
decided to separate myself from the others. That afternoon
I walked to Prince Frederick. There I slept on a bed for the
first time for four nights, had "square meals," and could ven-
ture to take the hotel keeper into my confidence. After con-
sidering various schemes, I decided to cross the Patuxent
lower down at Benedict. That night I rode on horseback
with a guide across Charles County to Aliens Fresh. Think-
ing the road leading into the village might be picketed, we
passed the latter half of the night in a pine thicket, built a
fire, slept upon a pile of cedar and pine boughs, rode into the
village after sunrise, and put up at the tavern. A blacksmith
to whom I had been referred was able, after some delay, to
offer me a little skiff, sharp at both ends, such as is used for
paddling upon ducks at night and big enough for two per-
sons. A start was arranged for the first favorable night.
How I watched the weather !
One day a man came to the tavern who, as I could easily
perceive, was bent on the same business as mine. He had
walked all the way from Annapolis, was a brickmaker in Bal-
timore, wanted to serve with his brother in a Virginia
regiment, and was only too glad to join me. We man-
aged to elude the observation of squads of soldiers passing
occasionally through the village on their way between the
camps at Port Tobacco and St. Mary's.
One Friday night we took our skiff from the cellar, where
it was concealed, placed it on an oxcart, and with the black-
smith driving, the brickmaker and I silently following, it was
hauled some miles to Pope's Creek, near the junction with
the Potomac. The night was cold and foggy, no stars were
visible, but a slight breeze was astir, and our good friend
the blacksmith bade us let it blow just on our backs and that
would keep us on the best course across to Matthias Point,
two miles distant. This time we had no baggage. We pad-
dled in silence, taking care not to let the paddles strike the
side of the boat. The fog and calm were ail we could desire,
and for aught I know we may have passed within a hundred
yards of the gunboat Pawnee. The first I knew of being so
nearly over was the touch of the paddle against the bottom,
and at last, after all my mishaps, I was in Virginia.
A path was struck leading up the bank. It brought us,
groping in' the dark, among outhouses and negro cabins.
Presently we came to a large mansion in the midst of grass
plats, garden walks, and lattice work covered with vines and
rosebushes. All was deserted and still as death. Doors were
open everywhere. We entered and, striking a match every few
minutes, groped about from story to story and from room to
room. The house was riddled from roof to basement, from
side to side, by shot and shell. All furniture was gone. The
effect of the whole scene was indescribably saddening. We
built a fire in the overseer's house and stretched ourselves
before it. Something glided past my leg. It was a cat, black,
gaunt, and hungry. She shared our repast of gingerbread.
A gentleman in Aliens Fresh had intrusted me with a heavy
overcoat to be delivered to a friend in Richmond, and its
pockets were filled with gingercakes.
At daybreak we took to our skiff and after proceeding a
few miles downstream observed smoke rising from a cabin
on the shore. There we got some sort of a breakfast and
were directed how to get to the nearest camp. On the way
we met an old gentleman on horseback, who introduced him-
self to me as Dr. Hooe and who knew our people in Balti-
more. He took us to his house, where we dined and passed
the. night. The next day we fell in with the outposts of Capt.
John Tayloe's company of cavalry, and I was entertained
with marked kindness at his headquarters until Monday
morning. You may have heard of this gentleman as the
proprietor of a handsome plantation on the Rappahannock
called "Chatterton." On Sunday afternoon the Rev. Mr.
Scott, of the Episcopal Church, held the services in camp,
nearly the whole company being present. I was struck with
the devout demeanour of these stout troopers. This first im-
pression of the Confederate soldier was highly favorable.
These were a fine, manly set of fellows, well clad in drab
homespun, well armed and well mounted.
On Monday Captain Tayloe sent me in the commissary
wagon to Fredericksburg, and on the following day the rail-
road brought me to Richmond and to the end of my adven-
ture in "going South."
JEFFERSON DAVIS.
The Sublime Martyr of All the Ages.
by mrs. m. h. houston, meridian, miss.
The object of this discussion is to bring before our people
of to-day in living colors the character and achievements of
the great hero of our Southland and to show that he toucheci
human experience in so many ways that we cannot go far in
any direction without meeting something that should remind
us of him, and it would if we paid attention to the trend and
activities of his wonderful life. Travelers tell us of Andreas
Hofer, the idol of the people of the Tyrol, who led them in
their uprising against the conquering forces of Napoleon.
Their attempt came to naught ; their leader was taken and
executed, but Andreas Hofer to this day is still their hero.
His portrait is in every shop window, and memorials of him
are seen in many places. So let it be with us as we remember
him who gave his long life to the service of his country and
suffered more than death for us, his own, "my people," as
he affectionately referred to our forefathers of the South-
land. When he was imprisoned and the fetters cut deep into
his flesh, did he exclaim, "O I cannot endure this ; I cannot
live and suffer so"? No, verily. He accepted all, not as per-
sonal to himself, but because he stood for the millions of the
dear ones who so loved him and had chosen him to set the
Qogfederat^ Ueterai).
15
glorious example he has placed before the world. On the
Sabbath morning in 186S when he was summoned from
church because it was learned that the Confederate armies
were to withdraw from Richmond, he met many persons who
left their houses to speak with him. They expressed sym-
pathy and assured him that if the good of their great cause
required that Richmond should be given up to the enemy they
were content and willing.
Mr. Davis afterwards wrote that "the confidence and af-
fection of that noble people in the hour of disaster were more
distressing than complaints and unjust censure would have
been."
At a recent fair in Mississippi there was shown under glass
a private letter written in 1861. The printed heading showed
a verse in which occurred the couplet :
"We will trust in God and Davis
And keep our powder dry."
A typical village newspaper, most intelligently edited, when
discussing certain movements of the Confederate armies, used
this language : "Jeff Davis knows about it, and that makes it
all right." In regard to perplexing problems which arose, the
same editor wrote : "Our people will trust Jeff Davis." The
name Jeff Davis was an expression of endearment. To his
soldiers and his constituents he was "Colonel Jeff," to his
young relatives "Uncle Jeff," to his servants "Marse Jeff."
A lady who was at the same hotel with him during the first
few weeks in Montgomery as President writes of him as "the
almost idolized man" and of the imposing scene as he sat
at a table with the eminent men of his Cabinet around him.
Truly it was not without cause that the hearts of his people
so confidently trusted in him. His courageous soul, itself a
stranger to fear, was always and everywhere an inspiration
to others. When five years old, going to school with his
sister, the beloved Polly, they saw something in the woods
that looked frightful. He held her firmly by the hand, saying,
"We will not run, Polly." After he became a great orator,
a distinguished Mississippian said: "His glorious voice might
tremble with generous emotion, but never faltered from
craven fear." Gen. G. W. Jones, Senator from Iowa, who
knew Jefferson Davis at the university, also in the Indian
wars and in the United States Senate, records that "he was
considered the bravest and handsomest of all the college boys,"
and the development of his noble, gracious, and graceful man-
hood justified the promise of his youth.
For the family history, it may be said that three Davis
brothers came from Wales to America before the Revolu-
tionary War. One of them, Evan Davis, settled in Georgia,
where he married a widow whose maiden name was Emory.
The couple had one son, Samuel Emory Davis, who was the
father of Jefferson Davis. When but a stripling Samuel
Emory Davis enlisted in the Revolutionary army, then fight-
ing at Savannah. Later he raised a company for the service.
He was physically strong and handsome, most intelligent and
faithful, and his associates soon learned to repose the utmost
confidence in him. The liberty bell was at one time brought
from Philadelphia to North Carolina to prevent its being cap-
tured by the British, and Capt. Samuel E. Davis was in com-
mand of the guard which had charge of the venerable relic.
After the war Captain Davis married Miss Jane Cook, a
beautiful young lady of strong character and amiable disposi-
tion, whom he had met in South Carolina during the war.
She was of Scotch-Irish descent. They resided in Georgia,
near Augusta, for several years, he being county clerk. They
then removed to the Green River country of Kentucky, where
he became a prosperous planter, having a reputation for his
many fine horses. Mrs. Samuel Davis was known as "Aunt
Winnie" and kept a "wayfarer's rest" in her home for the
sick and weary travelers in that wild, unsettled region. There
were ten children born into the family, the youngest, Jeffer-
son, claiming as his natal day June 3, 1808. Before he was
three years of age his parents, leaving Kentucky, made their
home near Woodville, Miss. Thus the future soldier, states-
man, and savant was planted upon the soil of the great com-
monwealth to which he gave the devoted service of a long
and illustrious life.
Little Jefferson Davis at the age of five years attended the
country school near his home, then was sent to St. Thomas's
school, in Kentucky, riding the entire distance on his pony
with a party in charge of the renowed Major Hinds. After
two years he returned and went to the county acadamy school
and to Jefferson College, Natchez ; thence he departed again
from Mississippi to Transylvania University, at Frankfort,
Ky., and then to the West Point Military Academy, where he-
was graduated with the rank of second lieutenant of infantry
when he was twenty years of age.
Jefferson Davis was twice married, first, in 1835, to Miss
Sarah Knox Taylor, daughter of Gen. (later President)
Zachary Taylor, who survived only three months after mar-
riage. Ten years later he was married to Miss Varina Howell,
of the prominent Natchez family of that name. She proved
a most loyal and in every way worthy companion through all
the remaining years of his extraordinary life. After the war
she wrote to his dictation with her pen the "Rise and Fall
of the Confederate Government," his great history. Mrs.
Davis also wrote a fine memoir of her husband, which every
one should read, as without it no one in this day and time
can understand his life.
Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Davis. Three sons
died early; one, Jefferson, lived to maturity and was a sor-
rowful sacrifice to yellow fever in Memphis in 1878. The
eldest daughter, Margaret, called the "Daughter of the South,"
and Winnie Davis, the "Daughter of the Confederacy," arc
well remembered.
Retiring from the United States army in 1835, after seven
years of hardship and distinguished service, Jefferson Davi?
was for many years a successful planter at his home, Briar-
field, near Vicksburg, "a country gentleman with a full library
and broad acres." Entering public life, his rise was rapid.
In 1843 he was presidential elector, then a Congressman, then
hero of the Mexican War, immediately afterwards a Senator,
then Secretary of War, again in the Senate, where he re-
mained until 1861. His written life during these years would
be a history of the country for that time.
Several years ago Gen. Clement A. Evans, then Commander
of the United Confederate Veterans, with the Confederated
Southern Memorial Association, sent out a request that De-
cember 6, anniversary of Mr. Davis's death, he observed in the
schools by memorials of him and the study of his life, since so
many of the schools are closed before June 3. Birthdays are
proper seasons of rejoicing, and his natal day should be made
the occasion for appropriate exercises, while our hearts are
lifted in gratitude to the All-Wise Creator, who gave to the
world the glorious character of Jefferson Davis. Let us plant
roses, remembering that the lovely rose, "the glory of France,"
grew "near the garden gate at Briarfield."
i6
^oi>federat^ l/eterar>
THE OLD SOUTH IN PEACE AND WAR— CONFISCA-
TION OF PLANTATIONS.
BY CHARLES H. GOFFE, IN SAN ANTONIO EXPRESS.
There was an Old South of glorious memory which passed
away more than half a century ago, but which still lingers in
tender and cherished recollection in the hearts of the loyal
remnant who have survived the long stretch of years and the
inexorable ravages of time. Then there is a New South,
which rose from the debris of the old— the strenuous civiliza-
tion of to-day, unlike the former in all the attributes which
appeal to the more unassuming ideals of domestic simplicity
and modesty of social amenities. The people of the Old
South were as orthodox in deportment and modes of living
as they were in religious profession and practice. As I knew
them sixty years ago. before the days of secession, the people
of the "slave States" were intensely loyal, law abiding, and
hospitable.
It is to the Old South that my heart and pen delight to
revert. The theme is rich and redolent by fascinating remi-
niscenses, and as I gaze across the divide of the centuries
which separate the new from the old regime I seem to catch
a vision of that glorious South that my .earlier manhood
knew so well. In the dream tide years of adolescence and of
buoyant youth it was the ideal of the poet's Acadia, the land
of pastoral beauty and of agricultural excellence, where real
peace and contentment dwelt and comforts had their domicile.
That ideal was "Dixie Land.." which lives in poetry and song
and in fading memories in the hearts of men.
The present generation, even though natives of the South
and descendants of those heroic sires who held for four
trying years the Confederate battle lines, does not seem to
have a full measure of realization of the beauties and glories
of the land of their nativity as their progenitors knew it.
Radical were the changes wrought by the terrible war, fol-
lowed as they were by the red ordeal of "Bolshevik" Recon-
struction, which overturned all surviving conditions that
could be obliterated, and by carpetbaggers and scalawags. I
wonder that historical societies in this Southland do not
awaken to the responsibility of taking up the urgent task of
resurrecting, codifying, and editing the verities of Southern
history and publish to the wwld to be transmitted to gen-
erations yet unborn the wonderful story of the Old South
as it was when in its prime.
The scheme of Southern history should be undertaken and
pushed with vigor while there are sources of, truth yet to
draw from, before fiction and fireside tales shall be canonized
as truth. There are tangles of historic annals which ought
to be straightened out, and facts which have been warped and
twisted by sectional prejudices and by publicists and politi-
cians to be corrected.
Grant's Canal.
It is said that the great Mississippi expedition under Gen-
eral Grant, convoyed and aided by the powerful fleets of
Admirals Porter and Farragut, was the conception of Major
General McClernand, of Illinois, whose idea was to cut the
Confederacy in two. The War Department adopted the
scheme, but chose General Grant to lead it.
The Providence "Crevasse," or "Grant's Canal," as then
termed, was to open a passage for their fleet and transports
through Lake Providence and thence by way of Tensas,
Wichita, and Red Rivers in order to circumvent the Confed-
erate batteries on the heights of Vicksburg. The enterprise
proved abortive and ended in utter failure. It accomplished.
however, what General McPherson had predicted — the drown-
ing out of the homes of the people, both white and black, in
the region known as the "Swan Lake country."
The valley of the great river was like the valley of the Nile
— a vast alluvial bottom. It was covered on either side of
the Mississippi by magnificent cotton estates. This region
was thickly populated, and tens of thousands of negro slaves
bad made the valley blossom as the rose.
It now was the crucial period of the war. Discouragement
filled the Northern press and people with forebodings ; a great
effort must be made to recover declining prestige. Two hun-
dred preachers had called in a body upon the President to
urge the issuing of a proclamation of emancipation and con-
fiscation. Mr. Lincoln had told them that "I propose to save
the Union with slavery if I can, without slavery if I must."
On July 16, 1862, Congress passed the bill, still hoping that
the "erring sister States" would return to the fold. It was
always the belief that Mr. Lincoln was in favor of compen-
sating the slave owners for their negroes. He had little pa-
tience with the New England abolitionists. On the 25th of
July, 1862, the President issued a proclamation of warning,
as follows :
"A Proclamation by the President of the United
States of America.
"In pursuance of the sixth section of the act of Congress
entitled 'An Act to Suppress Insurrection, to Punish Treason
and Rebellion, to Seize and Confiscate the Property of Rebels,
and for other purposes,' approved July 16, 1862, and which
act and the joint resolution explanatory thereof are herewith
published, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United
States, do hereby proclaim to and warn all persons within
the contemplation of said sixth section to cease participating
in, aiding, countenancing, or abetting the existing rebellion,
or any rebellion, against the government of the United States
and to return to their proper allegiance to the United States,
on pain of the forfeitures and seizures as within and by said
sixth section provided.
"In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and
caused the great seal of the United States to be affixed.
"Done at the city of Washington this 25th day of July, in
the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-
two and of the independence of the United States the eighty-
seventh. Abraham Lincoln, President.
"William H. Seward, Secretary of State."
Section 6 of the Confiscation Act, referred to in the above,
reads as follows : "And be it further enacted that if any per-
son within any State or territory of the United States, other
than those named aforesaid after the passage of this act,
being engaged in armed rebellion against the government of
the United States, or aiding or abetting such rebellion, shall
not within sixty days after public warning and proclamation
duly given and made by the President of the United States,
cease to aid, countenance, and abet such rebellion and return
to his allegiance to the United States, all the estates and
property, moneys, stocks, and credits of such person shall be
liable to seizure as aforesaid and it shall be the duty of the
President to seize and use them as aforesaid or the proceeds
thereof. And all sales transfers, or conveyances of any such
property after the expiration of the said sixty days from the
date of such warning and proclamation shall be null and void,
and it shall be a sufficient bar to any suit brought by such
person for the possession or the use of such property or any
of it to allege and prove that he is one of the persons de-
scribed m this section."
Qogfederat^ l/eterai).
17
Soon after the expiration of the sixty days of grace the
great expedition of invasion began to assemble. Throughout
the North every activity was put in motion to follow in the
wake of opportunities so alluring. It was a time of business
depression in the North, and many men of enterprise and love
of adventure could understand that the rear of a conquering
army was the chance of a lifetime. The masses of the North-
ern people had been imbued with the idea that the cotton and
sugar planters were all rolling in wealth and living in princely
luxury from their ill-gotten gains of a monstrous iniquity.
And so many adventurers joined in the rush for loot.
In the meantime Congress, in order to profit probably from
the confiscation feature, inaugurated or established a bureau
at Washington called the "Bureau of Freedmen and Aban-
doned Lands," and an army of "agents" were sent into the
"occupied" regions to take over the custody of the lands of
the "disloyalists" and also the new-made "wards" of the gov-
ernment.
From Lake Providence to Milligan's Bend, where General
Grant's headquarters were located, over a stretch of sixty
miles in length, and from the river's border to the swamps,
lay undoubtedly what was the most highly tilled cotton region
of the South. Here were homes of luxury and as highly cul-
tured a people as could be found in the most favored sec-
tions of the world. And this was the people and this the
country condemned to ruthless exploitation by men of the
same lineage and race and speaking the same mother tongue.
Rightful owners were dispossessed under the leases issued by
the government and bearing the covenant seal of Uncle Sam.
What became of all the "bric-a-brac" and household treasures
and appurtenances of the planters' homes none have cared to
trace. Sufficient to believe they were not destroyed.
At Skipwith's, in Mississippi, nearly opposite to the part of
country we have been considering, the head office of the Bu-
reau of Freedmen and Abandoned Lands was established.
Here was the naval station where several warships were to
be seen at all times in the period of the war. The chief of
this agency of the Bureau of Freedmen and Abandoned Lands
was Col. A. McFarland, who represented the United States
Treasury. He was a worthy gentleman and soon discovered
that adventurers of every type were inspecting the properties
of the planters and filing applications for "leases." I had
made his acquaintance and informed him of the new responsi-
bilities which had called me to take charge of my deceased
uncle's home and family. He advised me to lose no time and
secure a "lease" from the government for Gossyppia, that
being the name by which the family estate was then known
and by which it is well known at this day, though it long
since passed into other hands.
I obtained a government "lease" at once in my own name.
and well that I did so, as shortly afterwards a prominent
colonel of the army came to the plantation and informed me
that he was about to lease it as "abandoned." He was much
chagrined to learn that his purpose was anticipated.
At Goodrich, fifteen miles south of Providence, was a
colony of New England people who had come to this teeming
valley many years before the war and had been successful
in acquiring great wealth, but most of them had left their
homes and belongings in the care of trusted servants and
sought safer and more peaceful quarters. The trusted care-
takers and family servants were driven out under the lease
system.
Among the affluent investors in the new order was ex-
Governor Sprague, of Rhode Island, who had recently re-
signed as a major general in the Eastern Army. He was
many times a millionaire and the son-in-law of Chief Justice
Chase. It created a sensation when it was known that he had
leased several "abandoned" estates and was about to demon-
strate that cotton could be cultivated successfully with "free
labor."
Governor Sprague brought into the neighborhood a "barrel
of money," and for the first time introduced the "pay roll"
into the South. He also brought a shipment of mules and
horses, the latter of the heavy Norman stock, unfitted for the
climate or the work, and vast consignments of stores, har-
ness, and implements in liberal abundance. I met with him.
talked with him, and made up my opinion that he would last
only until the high water went down in the swamps and the
Confederate scouts had a chance to sample and inspect his
belongings. Before the year had gone Governor Sprague re-
turned home, a wiser man, but with less money. His ex-
perience was similar to that of many others lured to disaster
by the illusive cotton bug under the "lease system" of 1862.
Following the proclamation of emancipation, the govern-
ment turned its attention to organizing the newly freed
negroes into regiments. The camps and region of occupation
were overrun with ex-slaves, or "freedmen," as they were
called, all drawing rations from "Marse Linkum's" commis-
sary. They were coralled, nolens volens, and uniformed in
regulation habilaments and mustered into service. All the
commissioned officers for these negro units were detailed and
promoted from the white troops. But this caused great dis-
satisfaction in most instances, even though the bait was a
commission and an officer's pay. Many private soldiers were
raised from the ranks to be captains and lieutenants. Gen-
eral Townseud, chief of staff and adjutant general of the
United States army, came from Washington to direct this
innovation and subdue any insubordination growing out of
his orders. White soldiers and veterans, who had seen serv-
ice at Shiloh and other hard-fought fields, resented and re-
volted against being brigaded with negroes. But General
Townsend was obdurate, and ordered Colonel Tennison, of
? Kansas regiment, to take command of the negro brigade.
The Colonel indignantly refused, threw down his saber, tore
off his eagles, and defied the General. He was ordered to re-
port at Camp Alton for court-martial.
On the day of the occurrence as given above I was seated
on the veranda at Gossyppia when I observed a well-mounted
officer in blue uniform riding across the lawn toward the
house. As he came nearer I recognized him as the com-
mander of the 1st Kansas Infantry; but as he now was wear-
ing no eagles on his shoulders and was minus a sword, it
struck me as quite peculiar. I called him by name and asked
him what he was doing so far from his command and alone.
He smiled without enlightening me fully, only to say that
there was probably a detachment of cavalry on his trail, and
requested me to tell them when they should arrive that he
(Colonel Tennison) could be found at the Confederate head-
quarters of Gen. Kirby Smith hereafter.
Less than an hour later a squadron of cavalry rode hur-
riedly up to the house and made inquiry for the Kansas
colonel. I gave them the message as stated, and, after ex-
pressing indignation, they galloped away, disappearing in the
rear of the plantation ; but they had the discretion to turn
back before coming in contact with General Smith's scouts.
In an affair of this character, of a young, handsome, and
spirited officer of rank, with bright prospects ahead and a
general's commission not far away, it is reasonable to sur-
//
i8
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
mise that the Kansas colonel had some other purpose in view,
some other provocation to spur him to so desperate a course
as to turn his back on his flag and tender his services to the
Confederacy. There was indeed a lady in the case, one of
those attractive and vivacious belles of the South, whose
charms had smitten the heart of the gallant Kansan; but she
had assured him that it was impossible for her to think of
marrying any man who was an enemy to her beloved South.
We afterwards learned that General Smith gave the colonel
a captain's rank and made him a drill officer in the Confed-
erate army.
The lady above referred to is yet living in one of the cities
of Eastern Texas, a widow of more than threescore and ten,
whose several stalwart sons are the solace of her passing
years, and they are justly proud of the mother, who fifty-
seven years ago was one of the belles of the delightful region
known as Bunch's Bend and whose home was one of the
most palatial mansions of the days of the olden time.
Investment of Vicksburg.
By the end of the first week in April, 1863, the great army
of 70,000 men had struck their tents and moved farther south
to invest the fortified stronghold of Vicksburg, leaving a
few regiments to protect the cotton-planting interests, which
had been encouraged by the government ; and as the main
forces had gone and the swamps were now passable ,the
agricultural industries were exposed to the enterprising incur-
sions of "guerillas," or independent scouts, who swarmed
through the great forests.
With the subsiding of the high water the problem of the
canals was solved, and General Grant was enabled to march
his troops around the menacing fortifications and approach
Vicksburg from the rear. For four or five months siege
guns, mortars, and heavy field artillery poured thousands of
hot shot and shells upon the defiant fortresses and the de-
vastated city, with little effect. Night after night I lay and
listened to the deep thunder of the heavy artillery, which at
a distance of sixy-five miles vibrated and shook the windows
of my home. The great battleships of Farragut, Porter's
river flotilla, were all prodigal in wanton waste of shot and
shell. It was not until July 3, 1863, that the city lowered her
flag, and then only because the mule meat was exhausted and
women and children were suffering starvation.
On the 4th General Grant entered the city, which for six
months had been deluged by projectiles, and yet few had been
the casualties within the walls, though tons of solid shot and
exploded shells could he picked up on every tract of ground,
and the shingle roofs of homes were everywhere chucked
with lead of spent Minie balls. Providence seemed to have
thrown a mantle of protection over Vicksburg during that
long siege.
Secession of Missouri.— By the recognized universal law
of all the earth, war dissolves all political compacts. Our
forefathers gave as one of their grounds for asserting their
independence that the king of Great Britain had "abdicated
government here by declaring us out of his protection and
waging war upon us." The people and the government of
the Northern States of the late Union have acted in the same
manner toward Missouri and have dissolved by war the con-
nection heretofore existing between her and them. — Gov. C.
F. Jackson.
IN DEFENSE OF SOUTHERN POETS.
BY DR. HENRY E. SHEPHERD, BALTIMORE, MD.
The "Cambridge American Literature," which is the evok-
ing cause of this article, is the logical sequel to the "Cam-
bridge English Literature," issued under the auspices of that
renowned and ancient university, among whose master lights
are Spenser, Milton, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Macaulay, and
Tennyson. The scope of the present review has reference to
that part of the work devoted to the "Southern Poets of
the Civil War," Dr. Edwin Mims, of Vanderbilt University,
being the special editor to whom are committed the four
eventful and historic years embraced within this period, 1861-
65. A glaring and incomprehensible blunder (for which Dr.
Mims is in no wise accountable) confronts the reader at the
outset, the birth of Sidney Lanier being assigned to February
3, 1846, instead of 1842, the variation from accuracy destroy-
ing the chronological harmony and unity of the poet's life
from its first to its final stage, 1842-81.
Passing over without comment or criticism the literature
preceding the coming of our national conflict, I concentrate
both space and energy upon the "Poets of the Civil War."
Save an incidental or explanatory reference to Poe, Hayne,
Webster, the charity of an inviolate silence will characterize
my attitude with regard to the era in our literary develop-
ment which draws to its bodeful close in 1860.
In Chapter III, Part II, page 289, Dr. Mims proceeds at
once in the language made famous by Burke to draw "an in-
dictment against a whole people" and to arraign before the
august tribunals, in which preside the avenging angels of
historic retribution, the spirit, the ideals, the achievement, in-
tellectual, constitutional, aesthetic, of the brilliant and heroic
race with whom it pleased an infinite wisdom to cast his lot.
Let him that is inclined to demur or dissent peruse diligently
page 289 of this notable chapter in which Dr. Mims in one
untempered and all-embracing impeachment summons to
judgment his kinsmen according to the flesh and by a single
remorseless blast from his critical trumpet proclaims their
peerless record a delusion wrought in the dream world of
romantic fantasy, visions, or reflections, it may be adumbra-
tions, of a type illustrated in Launcelot, Galahad, Percival,
and Arthur, assuming an attitude of both voluntary humilia-
tion and gratuitous self-abasement in his frenzied prostration
at the feet of a triumphant power. Spontaneously there
springs to memory the characterization of Macaulay, "the
ferocious vices which tyranny generates in those who struggle
against it, the abject vices which it generates in those who
submit to it." Let the literary oracles who are associated
with the colleges and universities of the South determine for
themselves to which of these categories they should rationally
and logically be assigned.
I proceed to review as concisely as a proper regard for
perspicuity renders possible the claims, merits, distinctive
characteristics of the several poets whose rank in the fore-
most files as lyric masters is justly accorded by the author of
this special chapter, Dr. Mims. They are Timrod, Randall,
Ticknor, and to the same elect company admission might be
sought for Father Tabb, in whose bounteous grace and charm
there comes to our secularized modern world the echo, if not
the very voice, of Richard Crashaw. Not so, however, of
his friend Lanier, who, with all his subtle faculty and gift of
critical divination, was not endowed with the golden lyric
vein revealed in Timrod, Randall, Ticknor ; nor do I con-
ceive it possible that in any development of our literature he
Qopfederat^ Ueterap.
19
will find recognition in the fellowship or circle of popular
poets. Rich in suggestion, affluent in stimulating, quickening
power, his verse assumes the form of poetized prose, thrilled
only in rare instances by the vitalizing, passionate energy of
"Carolina" or "Carmen Triumphale." In the judgment of the
writer, the method of interpretation or exegesis applied to
Timrod and Randall displays a singular lack of critical pene-
tration in regard to the evolution of rhythmical types and
their susceptibility of adaption to the requirements or con-
ditions of the poet as they vary from age to age in different
environments, novel associations, influences that imply de-
mands upon the resources of our language in the sphere of
metrical art.
It is only too evident that Dr. Mims has never made a
historical or comparative study of any contemporary litera-
ture, even English or American. A concrete and impressive
illustration presents itself in the "Carmen Triumphale" of
Timrod, which may justly claim preeminence as the most
impassioned of his lyric creations, tracing its origin and in-
spiration to the War between the States. The "In Memoriam"
stanza, which is the vesture of the poem, originates at least
as an English metrical combination during the Elizabethan
era the version of the thirty-seventh Psalm executed by Sir
Philip Sidney in 1580 and Elegy No. 39 in the "Underwoods"
of Ben Jonson, these two being among the earliest definitely
ascertained examples of its employment or adoption in our
luxuriant and richly assimilative Shakespearean period. At
a later time it asserts a renewed and graceful energy in the
purest poetical conception of Lord Herbert of Cherbury, who
died in 1648. After a prolonged period of almost complete
decadence, it is in 1850 revitalized by the consummate art of
Tennyson's peerless elegy, the ethereal charm of Rossetti's
"My Sister's Sleep," as well as the plaintive note of Gerald
Massey in "Babe Cristabel" and the fervid strain of Arthur
Clough vibrating in every line of "Peschiera" and "Alteram
Partem." In nearly all of these earlier illustrations of beauty
and art revealed in metric power the dominant spirit is in-
trospective, meditative, subjective, every element and every
1 diversity of thought tending toward the sphere of the elegy.
By a transforming touch of genius in the hands of the South-
ern lyrist the pensive melody of Herbert, Rosetti's brother
and sister, Massey
"Became a trumpet, whence he blew
Soul-animating strains, alas ! too few."
While he was musing the fire burned, "the viewless arrows
of his thought were headed and winged with flame," and
there came a new song into his mouth.
Singularly enough in the affluent catalogue of omissions,
whose name is legion, there is revealed no trace or sugges-
tion of Timrod's "Dreams," "Second Love," "Katie," and
the "Ode Delivered upon the Opening of the New Theater in
Richmond." The first of these was pronounced by Lord
Bryce, a most cultured and discriminating critic, in a letter to
the writer, "that wonderful poem." The "Ode" is a delicate
blending of luxuriant grace with the rarest gift of devia-
tion and penetration in his interpretation of the art and the
philosophy of the Shakespearean drama. When a lad in my
teens, arrayed in the gray dress of a Confederate soldier, I
attended a representation of "Romeo and Juliet" in this his-
toric playhouse, as our capital was compassed about with
armies, and the hosts of the aliens had been only recently
turned to flight.
Not illogically the "note of provinciality" which Dr. Mims
is prone to attribute to the literature of the South more than
once obtrudes itself in his comments or elucidations with
reference to the writers of his native section. Two illustra-
tions of the tendency I deplore will avail for my present
purpose drawn from the poles of literary contrast, Edgar
A. Poe and Robert Y. Hayne. An elaborate tribute from the
hand of Mr. Lodge is bestowed upon Mr. Webster, while the
brilliant and dauntless champion of the South is passed over
with a rigid and ungracious acknowledgment of his sovereign
and resistless eloquence as cold and petrific in tone and form
as the marble obelisk designating his place of rest in St.
Michael's churchyard. Yet upon whom in the annals of
American oratory has the spirit of Burke, above all and
master of all, descended in so bounteous and golden a meas-
ure? Again, the generative or potential power immanent in
the creations of Poe is dimly grasped and crudely portrayed
distinctively in the evolution of "Dr. Jekyl and Mr. Hyde"
from its prototype, "William Wilson," and the relation sus-
tained in "The Raven" by that ethereal fantasy of Rosetti's
"The Blessed Damozel."
James Ryder Randall and Dr. Ticknor alone remain as
subjects of critical inquiry within the scope contemplated by
this article, their memory forever linked with the supreme
grapple and the surpassing agony of the South we falsely
term the "dead," for in this instance "death makes no con-
quest of his conqueror." The relation sustained by Randall to
his peerless ode suggests the comment of Southey originating
in the attitude of St. Thomas Aquinas with regard to "the
man of one book." For more than half a century Randall
has been preeminently a man of one poem, and its marvelous
blending of rhythmic charm, historic grasp, power of appeal
has tended to occult, if not to eclipse, the grace, pathos, and
dramatic vigor reflected in "Pelham" and "At Arlington."
The latter of these, tracing its origin and inspiration to a
wanton indignity inflicted in 1869 upon our hallowed dead
resting within this cemetery, Randall himself was disposed
to regard as his loftiest and noblest flight, and on more than
cue occasion in the home of his friend the writer, not long
ere he passed from us, he vindicated its claim to the primacy
in the sphere of his art. Each of these consummate flowers
in our Southerin anthology is consigned to tranquil silence or
to dumb forgetfulness.
In the judgment of Gen. D. H. Hill, himself a critic en-
dowed with a literary intuition finely touched to the finest
issues, the foremost place in our poetic calendar should be
accorded to Ticknor. Without acquiescing in the compre-
hensive and exclusive character of this estimate, it may be as-
serted without a trace of overwrought eulogy that "The Vir-
ginians of the Valley" and "Little Giffen of Tennessee," each
in its special province, has never been excelled in any era of
American poetry.
As we approach the bodeful year 1860, the herald and har-
binger of the ripening storm, the veil of our literary temple
seems rent in hopeless twain. All that we reverenced, ideal-
ized, hallowed in the South of our fathers — civic, social, con-
stitutional — is revealed to our world of to-day and to the com-
ing race as an illusion, a ghastly unreality begot of nothing
but vain fantasy.
Such is the moral havoc and chaos wrought by Southern
authors in the universities of the South ! I write this in no
spirit of vindictiveness and far more in sorrow than in anger.
It is, however, "a sorrow's crown of sorrow" to contemplate
the images of intellectual desolation and self-abasement stand-
ing in our holy places, while those who reared idols to Baal
upon our altars are animated by no apparent consciousness
of their own abysmal and all-enshrouding shame.
20
Qoi)federat^ l/eterai?.
DAHLGREiTS RAID ON RICHMOND.
BY COL. JOHN m'aNERNY, COMMANDER LOCAL DEFENSE TROOPS
It is now more than fifty years since the eventful day that
Dahlgren and Kilpatrick threatened the city of Richmond,
the capital of the Confederate States, with destruction and
desolation.
After the secession of Virginia and the establishment of the
Confederate government at Richmond, that city became the
objective point of all the military operations of the Federal
Army of the Potomac. Its capture or destruction seemed
necessary to the Washington government, and the practically
continuous siege and repeated raids kept the city in constant
alarm. The great battles fought in the vicinity had filled the
hospitals and private houses with sick and wounded soldiers,
and refugees flocked to Richmond, taxing its exhausted citi-
zens with further demands upon their hospitality.
Even the success of the Confederate forces increased the
strained conditions by filling Belle Isle and the great tobacco
warehouses with Federal prisoners, many of them sick and
wounded, until their number, according to estimates, increased
to nearly thirty-five thousand before the Confederate govern-
ment could establish other points for these rapidly increasing
prisoners.
All these conditions made a frightful drain upon the over-
taxed people of Richmond, and yet in this depleted state its
generous and patriotic people continued their care for the
sick, wounded, and destitute cheerfully to the end of the war,
even the Federal prisoners being visited and helped as far
as possible. In addition to these conditions about Richmond,
three years of bitter hostility had reduced not only the sources
of food supplies, but the means of transportation, and in this
exhausted state it was merely a question of time when the
Confederacy would be forced to abandon the struggle against
the ever-increasing armies of the North.
All writers agree that the Federal authorities believed this
the opportune time to seize and destroy the Confederate
capital. Custer, Kilpatrick, and Dahlgren, with picked bodies
of cavalry, were selected for the work. I have never under-
stood why General Custer abandoned his part of the plan.
Dahlgren and Kilpatrick succeeded in entering the Confed-
erate lines ; and had General Kilpatrick been endowed with
the courage of the dashing Dahlgren, Richmond would un-
doubtedly have been entered, the thirty-five thousand organ-
ized prisoners released, the city destroyed, and its people
thrown at the mercy of a mob of desperate and enraged Fed-
eral prisoners. The probable consequences of their success
is too horrible to contemplate.
Fortunately, after the early raids by General Stoneman and
others, the Confederate Congress passed an act organizing all
government employees into companies, battalions, and regi-
ments under the title of "Local Defense Troops." These or-
ganizations differed from the State militia, as they were en-
listed for the war, uniformed and equipped by the govern-
ment, and commissioned and controlled by the War Depart-
ment. It was certainly an intelligent body of men, all skilled
in necessary department work, which included all the me-
chanical and chemical arts, as Richmond had become of neces-
sity the Confederate citadel from which the war was con-
ducted. Many of these men were soldiers who had been
detailed from the army for service at Richmond because of
the necessary skill they possessed.
The service of the local defense troops seemed easy when
first organized, but it soon proved otherwise. Richmond was
kept in constant alarm from the movements of Grant, Sheri-
dan, Butler, and other Federal commanders who constantly
tested the strength of the city's defense. Our troops were
kept in constant motion from one point to another with great
discomfort, because the commissary and quartermaster's de-
partments found it difficult to provide food and transporta-
tion on account of the constant and shifting urgent demands
made upon them. President Davis was frequently obliged to
interfere in behalf of our troops and force the departments
to make necessary provision for us. Even then the service
was rendered so poorly that our sufferings were not always
relieved. At the second battle of Cold Harbor my own regi-
ment held Deep Bottom under a heavy fire of Federal bat-
teries. It was expected that General Grant would try to cross
at this point after his defeat, but he continued his march to
the James and toward Petersburg. When General Grant de-
cided to again extend his lines before Richmond, his advance
was believed to be a force of marines from the Federal fleet
that had assembled in the James River. Our regiment accom-
panied General Gary with his South Carolina troops. After
discovering our mistake and undergoing a heavy shelling from
the fleet, we returned to the fortifications to remain the whole
winter and during the spring until the evacuation of Rich-
mond. We spent our time digging rifle pits and bombproofs,
planting lines of palisading and abatis, and otherwise strength-
ening ourselves against the commanding position occupied
by the Federal troops after they had captured Fort Harrison.
Thus the local defense troops worked side by side with the
troops from North Carolina and Georgia, who occupied the
lines to the right and left of us. General Ewell was in com-
mand, and at the evacuation of Richmond he marched our
troops away with the others, with the exception of a small
detail made by General Breckinridge, Secretary of War, to
protect the Confederate archives and bridges in the retreat.
Most of my command were at the battle of Sailor's Creek
and in the final retreat and surrender.
Now I have recited the foregoing simply to remove the
false impression that the local defense troops were merely
an emergency militia command.
The 1st of March, 1864, was a raw and disagreeable day.
From early morning the citizens of Richmond had been kept
greatly excited and alarmed over the various reports that
reached the city regarding the movements of the raiders.
Federal cavalry were said to be approaching the city from
all directions, ruthlessly destroying everything in their path.
In the afternoon fear and apprehension were increased by
the ringing of the alarm bell in the Capitol grounds and the
arrival of excited people from the raided districts with fright-
ful and exaggerated reports of the number and deeds of the
raiding troops. The people, whites and blacks, filled the
streets around the public buildings, and the excitement was
greatly intensified by several mounted officers and couriers
dashing wildly about in search of methods of defense. Col.
Charles Talcott, of the Danville road, told me that he was
prepared to move the government officials from the city.
In this state of excitement our command formed in front
of the War Department and began its march up Franklin
Street. It was now evident that the local defense troops must
be relied upon for the defense of the city, as there were no
other troops near Richmond. Many army officers, who were
in the city on business or passing through to their commands,
joined with us and became mere privates for the occasion.
Among them were General Brent, the adjutant general of
Beauregard's army, several officers from my old regiment, the
3d Alabama, and numerous others. No man with a heart
could resist the anxious and appealing looks of the people.
^oijfederat^ l/eterar?.
21
Women flocked to the streets to cheer and encourage us.
When we reached the edge of the city, we met the command
of Colonel Scruggs, and, after comparing dates of our com-
missions, I assumed command of the forces and marched on
to Green's Farm, and here we decided to halt and make a
stand against the invaders.
Major Ford, said to have been an experienced English of-
ficer, had preceded us with his battalion. Dahlgren had
quickly surrounded him and captured and scattered his com-
mand. The road was filled with excited farmers fleeing with
their wagons and cattle from the approaching raiders.
Our troops were promptly deployed in the field and two
companies of Scruggs's command placed across the road,
which Dahlgren evidently mistook for a battery of artillery
and left the road for the fields. The remaining companies
of Scruggs's command were held in reserve.
It was growing dark, with rain and sleet falling heavily.
We could hear the guns of the advancing troops, and, think-
ing to delay them for better preparation, I sent Captain Bab-
cock with about fifty men to a rail fence at the lower corner
of the field with instructions to fire one round as Dahlgren
approached him, then fall back to our main line. This order
was executed in a most creditable manner, and the men were
swiftly and safely returned to our line.
According to Captain Bement, of Maryland, an artillery
officer of General Lee's army, who had been captured by
Dahlgren and forced to ride with him during the raid, the
movement of Captain Babcock was taken to be a final stand
made by the remnants of Ford's Battalion. When Babcock
suddenly withdrew, Dahlgren was confirmed in this opinion.
While Babcock was executing his orders, I had caused our
troops to lie down and personally passed along the whole line
begging the men to reserve their fire until they heard the
command. When Dahlgren reached the center of the field he
seemed suspicious of danger. He halted his command, then
moved slowly forward and halted again. He was now within
easy range of us and evidently discovered our line of battle,
gave the order to charge, and I gave the order to fire. On
they came like maddened fiends, but our splendid volley was
too much for them. Many of the troopers turned and fled,
others charged our line with drawn sabers and wounded sev-
eral of our men. According to Captain Bement, Dahlgren
was surprised and dismayed by our first well-directed volley.
He believed he had encountered a large body of fresh troops,
sounded the "retreat," and followed his fleeing troopers, leav-
ing his dead and wounded on the field, together with several
prisoners and horses. The backbone of this celebrated raid
was broken.
It was useless for us to pursue the retreating troopers, as
they were well mounted and our line had become irregular in
the excitement. We fell back about two hundred yards, re-
formed our lines, and awaited further events. As the enemy
did not appear again, we encamped for the night.
The next day the retreating remnant of cavalry encountered
a small body of Confederate soldiers, and Dahlgren was
killed in the engagement. Thus ended the famous Dahlgren
raid.
During our engagement with Dahlgren General Kilpatrick
was on the other side of the city with some two thousand
men and opposed by a small company of heavy artillerymen
under the direction of Colonel Stevens. Had Kilpatrick
known the situation and possessed the daring courage of Dahl-
gren, he could easily have dashed through the city, released
the prisoners, and completed the intended destruction of the
hated capital of the Confederacy.
One of the most interesting features of the night's work
was the splendid action of a large number of the younger
sons of the best families of Richmond, who, on account of
their youth, were not permitted to enter the army and, chaf-
ing under the restraint, joined my command and were in the
thickest of the fight. Many of them received saber cuts and
other injuries. These young men afterwards organized the
famous Company G, under Captain Guy, and were regularly
attached to our regiment, doing valiant service and under-
going all hardships to the close of the war. Many of them
are now the leading bankers, merchants, and professional men
of Richmond, and I will always remember the courage and
fortitude they displayed until the close of the war.
As our men were lying down when Dahlgren made his fierce
assault, only one man (dear old Captain Ellery) was killed
and a small number wounded.
I have frequently been urged by friends, newspapers, and
magazines to write an account of this engagement, but I have
always declined, as I believed that after the people of Rich-
mond had recovered from the distress caused by the war they
would make their own record of the events and give proper
recognition of the service rendered on that eventful day. As
the ravages of war were passing, the good and patriotic peo-
ple of Richmond began making their record of the war by
erecting monuments in honor of men and events, but the
Dahlgren event has been entirely overlooked and neglected.
This statement may seem to indicate that I seek self-glorifica-
tion, which is not the case. I happened to be in command,
but my success was accidental. While I had been in the army
from the capture of the forts at Pensacola, through the bat-
tles about Richmond until I was severely wounded at Cold
Harbor, I had commanded only a company in the 3d Ala-
bama Regiment and was hardly qualified by military experi-
ence or genius to command the Confederate forces in the
Dahlgren raid. It was simply my good luck, for which I
claim no recognition or distinction. In fact, I did not recog-
nize the importance of the event until told by President Davis,
General Preston, and the adjutant of Gen. Custis Lee that
we had saved Richmond and its people from ruin and destruc-
tion. No, the success was not achieved by the militan' skill
or inspiring presence and personality of the officer in com-
mand, but by the men who confronted Dahlgren. They fully
understood and appreciated the perilous situation and met it
with cool, determined, patriotic action.
More than fifty years have now passed since that event,
and yet I have grown firmer in my conviction that some im-
personal monument or tablet should record and perpetuate
the honor due to the gallant men who saved Richmond from
the threatened horrors of that eventful day.
In sending a copy of this article to the Veteran, E. D.
Taylor, of Richmond, Va., writes : "Colonel McAnerney was
promoted on the field from captain to colonel by Gen. Custis
Lee, then in command of the Troops of Local Defense. As
I was a member of the boys' company that took part in this
engagement, I prevailed on Colonel McAnerney to write the
article. I am living just across the road from where the en-
gagement took place. My company took a very active part
in it."
22
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
A BOY SOLDIER OF ALABAMA.
[This bit of war history was dictated by Smith Powell, of
Tyler, Tex., to his wife before he became an invalid. Doubt-
less it will reach the eyes of many of his comrades who will
recall the gallant young soldier. He is now in the hospital
at Rush, Tex., and would be glad to hear from them.]
While attending school at the Southern University. Greens-
boro, Ala., at the sound of the tocsin of war, I bade a final
adieu to my collegiate education, though only sixteen years of
age, to enlist as a soldier in the Southern army. At Mobile.
Ala., I was mustered into service with Company C, 36th Ala-
bama Regiment, Robert H. Smith, of Mobile, having been
made colonel, and L. T. Woodruff, also of Mobile, former
captain of the Mobile Rifles, which took prizes for the best-
drilled company in the United States prior to the war, was
elected lieutenant colonel by the regiment. Thomas H. Hern-
don of Eutaw, Ala., was major, and Lieutenant Hatch, of
the Tuscaloosa Cadets, son of Rev. Mr. Hatch, of Greensboro,
was made adjutant of the regiment. The following were the
company officers : J. A. Wemyss, captain ; Alfred H. Hutchin-
son, first lieutenant ; D. H. Britton, second lieutenant ; W. N.
Knight, of Greensboro, third lieutenant. Lieutenant Knight
was in command until the surrender at Cuba Station, near
Demopolis, and is the only commissioned officer of Company
C now surviving.
Without any knowledge of war tactics, mere boys you
might say, wholly ignorant of all that pertains to war, and
little dreaming of the great issue pending before us, we were
ordered into a camp of instruction at Hall's Mill, near Mobile.
Here we spent nearly a year, drilling and being toughened for
the hardships of war. From this camp we were sent to
Mount Vernon, Ala., the old United States arsenal, which
had been converted into a kind of hospital, and here I was a
victim of whooping cough, mumps, and measles.
From this place the company was sent to Oven Bluff, on
the Tombigbee River, to build a fort. I remember it was
there that I first met General Beauregard. When the work-
was finished we were sent back to Mobile to the regimental
camp of instruction and were then ordered to Tullahoma,
Term., in the summer of 1863 during the memorable raid of
General Streight, whom Forrest captured with only a few of
his cavalry. The campaign in Tennessee now opened up in
full blast. Our first great battle was that of Chickamauga.
Company C was engaged in Saturday's fight. All night we
slept on our arms on the battle field, and Sunday morning
we were ordered farther up on the right into a charge under
a terrific cannonade fire. In this charge I was wounded by
grape shot and was sent to the field hospital. I went to At-
lanta very much crippled, but for greater attention and se-
curity I was instructed to go as far south as I could, even if
it was to Montgomery. There I was placed in a hospital and
given surgical attention. Through the kindness of the as-
sistant surgeon, Dr. Cole, I was granted a furlough for fifteen
days, spending the time in Greensboro.
When I returned to the army I found Bragg, with the Ten-
nessee Army, around Chattanooga. Our brigade was ordered
up Lookout Mountain by night, and Company C, at the left
of the regiment, was under "Pulpit Rock." We went down
the mountain, crossed the valley over to Missionary Ridge
about sunrise, and there we formed a line of battle. We were
ordered to the extreme left of our army to meet General
Hooker's corps, by which we were soon almost surrounded.
Hooker was endeavoring to get in our rear, but in this he
was checked. This engagement was simply a skirmish, yet
we either had to take to our heels or be captured. General
Breckinridge, on the extreme left, yelled : "Boys, get away the
best you can !" Every man was for himself in a helter-skelter
race down Missionary Ridge. Everything I had was shot off
of me — canteen, haversack, cartridge box. This stopped my
shooting at my friends in blue, who gave me a close chase.
Breaking my old Springfield against a tree, I trusted to my
feet and came out unhurt. My old comrade and good friend,
Scott McCall, and I remained together until we reached our
regiment. We risked everything rather than to be captured.
In this engagement Bragg expected to sacrifice our brigade to
save the rest of the army., and he did not think a single man
would come out alive. Many surrendered, many were killed,
and many were wounded, but our brigade, as a whole, made a
mysterious escape from the arms of Hooker.
We now went into winter quarters at Dalton, Ga., where
Gen. Joseph E. Johnston was placed in command of the Army
of Tennessee. We were engaged in every battle of the spring
campaign to Atlanta. During this time I was wounded in the
foot, though not seriously, yet was forced to go to the field
hospital. Leaving Atlanta, we were soon engaged in the
Jonesboro fight, Hood having superseded Johnston at At-
lanta.
President Davis reviewed the troops during our camp at
Gadsden, Ala. Hood then began his march back to Tennessee.
At Florence the army crossed the Tennessee River on a pon-
toon bridge. I was one of several who crossed in rowboats
to see the condition of things. Our command was too late
for the battle of Franklin. On we went with Hood to Nash-
ville, where we camped and made ready for another great
battle, in which we were outnumbered. During the hottest of
the fight our color bearer, Joe Tillinghast, was wounded. I
took up the colors, thinking the fight was ended, hoisted the
flag on high, and leaped over the breastworks, calling to the
"boys" to "come on and go to Nashville." I also picked up
the memorable and famous flag with the inscription, "13th
United States Colored Infantry, presented by the colored
ladies of Murfreesboro." I turned this flag over to the com-
mand. Soon followed a most terrific stampede in getting
away from Nashville, and through slush, snow, and ice we
tramped. I was unfortunate in losing the soles of my new
$150 boots, consequently had to go barefooted from Nashville.
Before we reached Pulaski General Clayton, in the kindness
of his heart, gave me a mule to ride, which was greatly ap-
preciated. The camp equipment of the company was placed
with me on the mule, and when we came to Shoal Creek the
mule plunged in right behind General Clayton and his staff.
Jokingly I asked the "boys" if they did not wish they were
staff officers. No sooner than said the mule plunged down
in the swift current, and everything in the way of equipment
was washed down the stream. The boys came to my rescue,
helping me across, supposing that the mule was drowned ; but
instead, when we crossed over, we found the gentle creature
browsing on the bank of the stream.
This notable event occurred on Christmas Day, 1864. The
first thing that demanded my attention was to find a fire to
dry my clothing. We finally made our way on and came up
with the cavalry camp on our way to Iuka. At Tupelo I got
a pair of shoes, my feet being tied up in rags all this time.
From Tupelo we were ordered to Mobile, Ala., where our
first colonel, Robert Smith, met us at the depot. We were a
sight to behold, black, begrimed with smoke and dust from
the box cars and from fires in the cars made out of pine plank.
Our colonel rode in front of the column, stopping at a large
Qoi?federat^ l/eteraij.
23
warehouse, where barbecued meats were provided, all at his
own expense. At no other time did I enjoy a bath and clean
apparel so much.
Our next move was over to Elakely in camp. I had been
granted a furlough, but it was revoked, as we were expecting
an attack at any time. Later the furlough was given me, so
I went to my boyhood home, Columbus, Miss., and after-
wards visited Greensboro, Ala. While there General Forrest
came along, and I thought for a while of joining him, but
found I could make the trip to Demopolis and get to Mobile.
From there I crossed over to Spanish Fort on a blockade
runner and got there safely with some firing from the gun-
boats. In the fight I was knocked down by the explosion of
a shell. To avoid being captured from Spanish Fort I waded
through a deep marsh to get to Blakely.
About this time news of General Lee's surrender reached
us ; then we were ordered to Mobile, from there to Cuba
Station, and finally to Demopolis, where we surrendered.
THE MUCHLY MARRIED MISS MARY BOOZER.
BY R. DE T. LAWRENCE, MARIETTA, GA.
While I was not personally acquainted with the young lady
in question, I saw her frequently while a student at the South
Carolina College as she took her customary pleasure drives
in the afternoons. I cannot vouch for all of the statements
in the following short narrative of her career, yet, though
they appear more like fiction than facts, they were currently
reported and accepted as true by all who were interested in
the history of Miss Boozer from their knowledge of her early
life. A general account of it was published in a Savannah,
Ga., newspaper soon after the War between the States, and a
pamphlet giving a fuller account of her life is said to have
fceen written by one Julian Selby. So, strange as is the story
here given, it may be accepted as in the main true.
In the years immediately preceding the war of 1861-65 there
lived in Columbia, S. C, a retail merchant named Feaster
with his wife and stepdaughter, Mary Boozer. She took
the surname of Boozer, it is said, from an uncle who be-
queathed his property to her on condition that she assume
his name ; so she was always known as Mary Boozer. Thus
the family were enabled to occupy a comparatively pretentious
home, while Miss Boozer herself had a handsome equipage,
termed by the young lads at the time the "beauty box," its
glass frame being well calculated to display the charms of its
fair occupant, who, excepting the negro driver, was always
alone on her afternoon trips; and it happened that she was
always on the street at the time the students were released
from their classes and other duties for the day. Of course
with such attractions many of the young men sought intro-
duction to the fair occupant of the well-furnished house; and
while some reported her as only a pretty doll, with no con-
versational powers, others, and these from subsequent events
would appear to be the more correct, regarded her as pos-
sessed of the "chic" and attractiveness of a Cleopatra and be-
came her frequent visitors. When one of the latter, a mem-
ber of a distinguished family, was killed in battle, Miss
Boozer reported that she was engaged to him, which, though
possibly true, was not recognized by his family.
Under the Confederate regime and until Sherman entered
Columbia Miss Boozer was a good Rebel, but she was too
vain and sensible of her attractiveness to allow a matter of
patriotism to interfere with her ambition to attract admira-
tion; so she soon numbered her visitors from the ranks of
the men whom a short time before she had regarded as ene-
mies. Upon the withdrawal of the Federal army from Co-
lumbia one of her newly-acquired friends secured for her-
self and mother passage via Port Royal to the North with
a letter of introduction to the family with'which she was to
make her home. Either from suspicion or feminine curiosity
she opened and read the sealed letter to find that she was to
become a maid in the family. Whether this part of the story
be true or not, Miss Boozer arrived in Philadelphia and,
posing as the beautiful daughter of an aristocratic Southern
family, became the wife of a wealthy oil merchant, from
whom she is said to have gotten considerable money. After
a short married life and now the possessor of abundant means,
she naturally planned a trip to Europe, and in a short time
she found herself a member of the smart set of gay Paris.
Here she attracted the special attention of a Frenchman, to
whom she was married. But life as a member of the smart
set of Paris was not conducive to a long married life, so
again she was a divorcee.
Again free to follow her own volition and filled with the
spirit of adventure, she traveled to China, where she soon
captured a Chinaman of rank. But the free and easy femi-
nine ways of America and France did not find congenial soil
in China, and she was soon released from her marital rela-
tionship. Her residence in China prepared her for the some-
what similar customs and language of Japan, which was the
next country she visited and where through intrigue she
made her last conquest.
Arriving in Japan, with her bewitching powers she soon
artfully secured the admiration of a Japanese gentleman of
high rank, a member of the emperor's cabinet, if the report
is correct.
Fifty years ago, the time of Miss Boozer's visit, the rule
in Japan for the seclusion of women was very strict. So
Miss Boozer's intrigues in that land had a different outcome
from her previous experiences. To quote a person who re-
members her in her youthful days, "the Japanese proved more
than her equal and upon some proceeding peculiar to that
country had her tried and beheaded."
Thus ended the romantic career of Mary Boozer, a woman
from whose intrigues no one could escape if she esteemed
him of sufficient importance to warrant her attack. What
became of her stepfather after she left Columbia or of her
mother after she left Philadelphia no one seemed to have
thought of sufficient interest to report, so wonderful was the
short life and tragic end of their daughter.
There is a reference to this Miss Mary Boozer in the book-
on "Women of the South in War Times," given in an ex-
tract from the diary of Mrs. Poppenheim. She writes that
she and a friend were waiting to see one of the Federal gen-
erals to ask for protection, and "while waiting for the Yan-
kees to pass and looking on their fine horses and hundreds
of stolen cattle, the refugees from Columbia who followed
Sherman's army began to pass. Among them I recognized
Mary Boozer and her mother in a carriage, she in a lively
conversation with a gay-looking officer riding by the carriage.
The scene is so sickening I beg Mrs. Brown to let us go;
waiting for the general won't pay." (See page 254.)
A Tribute. — To the women of the Confederacy, whose
faith has never faltered, whose zeal has never grown cold,
even though men have proved recreant to the cause. — Henry
E. Shepherd.
24
Qoqfederat^ l/eterai).
WHEN RUNNING WAS GOOD.
BY JOHN C. STILES, BRUNSWICK, GA.
The following extracts, taken from the "Official Records,"
and all from the pens of Union writers, go to show that the
Yankees in nearly every battle of the war were at one time
in quite a panicky condition, although in some cases in the
end victorious :
Bull Run. — From General McDowell: "The volunteers are
now pouring through here in a state of utter disorganization
and are r.o more than a confused and demoralized mob."
Shiloh. — Col. Jacob Ammen : "When we arrived opposite
Pittsburg Landing the shore between the top of the bank
and the river was crowded with about ten to fifteen thousand
demoralized men. On our way they told us their regiment's
were cut to pieces and we would meet the same fate, and we
could see men and officers making their way over on logs.
Such looks of terror, such confusion I never saw before and
do not wish to again."
Peninsula Campaign.— Col S. H. Starr: "The road and
fields were thronged with flying regiments from the battle
field, distant some two or three miles, through whose routed
and disorderly masses I was compelled to force my way
with bayonet and saber." Lieutenant Colonel Rice: "At this
time the enemy had turned our entire right, and the com-
manding officer of the 44th New York, with the left wing
of the regiment, commenced to retreat and at length to fly
toward the Chickahominy."
Winchester.— Capt. C. H. T. Collis : "On the retreat from
the battle field my men marched one hundred and forty-one
mines in forty-seven hours, which was about three miles
per hour and, believe me, some marching."
Cedar Mountain .—Gen. R. H. Milroy: "The enemy's fire
had been directed on the remnants of Banks's Corps, and the
result was a general stampede— cavalry, artillery, and in-
fantry a terrified mass in a headlong retreat."
Second Manassas.— Gen. W. B. Franklin : "I arrived on the
field at six o'clock. I found the road filled with fleeing men,
artillery, and wagons, all leaving the field in a panic. It
was a scene of terrible confusion, and I attempted to stop
and form them, but it was impossible."
Corinth.— General Davies : "Sullivan's Brigade, on our
right, gave way, and .the limbers and caissons of Lis artil-
lery came down the road on a full jump, presenting rather
an alarming appearance. My artillery horses became fright-
ened, floundered about, broke away, and joined in the race,
and all of them running through my reserve. This communi-
cated a stampede to the ammunition wagons in the rear, and
they too started off in a run."
Murfreesboro — Col. Joseph W. Banks: "About one o'clock
a squadron of frightened negroes came charging at a full
gallop toward us. This was the advance of what seemed to
me the whole army. Cavalry with jaded horses, artillery
and infantry soldiers, breathless and holding on to wagons,
relating the most incredible defeat and annihilation of the
army, came streaming down the road and pouring through
the woods on their way to safety."
Chancellorsvillc — Capt. T. W. Osborn : "As we passed
General Hooker's headquarters a scene burst upon us which,
God grant, may never again be seen in the Federal army of
the United States. The 11th Corps had been routed and
were fleeing like scared sheep. The men and artillery filled
the road, its sides, and the skirts of the field, and it appeared
that no two of any company could be found together. Aghast
and terror-stricken, heads bare and panting for breath, they
pleaded like infants at the mother's breast that we would
let them pass to the rear unhindered."
Richmond, Ky. — Gen. Charles Crufts : "The enemy came
upon us as soon as our line was formed. The attack was
stoutly resisted for a few moments, when the whole line
broke in wild confusion. A general stampede ensued. Both
officers and men became reckless of all restraint and com-
mand and rushed pell-mell to the rear, amidst a mingled
mass of horses, wagons, artillery, etc., in an utter rout."
Chickamauga. — General Negley: "Artillery to my right
was dashing past at full speed. Infantry from my front and
right was also in full retreat." Col. J. M. Connels : "Before
my brigade gave way a large portion of the division which
had passed to my rear without firing a shot or making an
effort to assist me and without being under direct fire fled
panic-stricken from the field."
Ringgold. — Col. J. A. Williams : "While I was gaining the
position three regiments came up on my left (Hooker's sol-
diers) ; and although they were cautioned not tw go for-
ward, they replied that they would teach Western troops a
lesson and advanced a short distance farther, when the enemy
opened a terrific fire on them. They stood manfully for a
minute or two. when they gave way and came down like an
avalanche, carrying everything before them and to some ex-
tent propagating the panic amongst my regiments."
Wilson's Creek, Mo. — Gen. Frederick Steele: "In regard to
what has been called Sigel's masterly retreat it might easily
be shown that it more resembled a crowd of refugees than
an army of organized troops. The column was broken by
crowds of refugees, wagons, horses, mules, cows, who were
so mixed up with the troops that it would have been difficult
to have made any disposition for battle."
Moscow, Term. — Col. F. A. Kendrick: "Very shortly after
the firing began the cavalry, which had crossed the bridge,
retreated in much disorder. The bridge soon became
obstructed with artillery and wagons, which had got over,
and a great number of the retreating cavalry plunged head-
long into the river, and many men and horses were thus lost."
The Wilderness. — Col. Robert McAllister: "In a short time
Colonel Frank came with a few troops and wished to pass
through my line to the front, as he had orders to find the
enemy and whip him. I refused to let him pass, so he moved
around my left, advanced, and soon engaged the enemy. But
very little firing took place before all of his troops came
tearing back. I had my men stop them and refused to let
them through until Colonel Frank told me they wanted to
go away back to the rear to get ammunition, and that was
the last I saw of that unit.
Berry's Ford, Va. — Gen. George Crook: "The enemy made
assaults on my line, being repulsed with heavy slaughter,
notwithstanding the greater portion of dismounted cavalry
that composed a part of my command fled ingloriously across
the river at the first assault of the enemy."
Atlanta. — Col. Ario Pardee, Jr.: "The line of battle of the
enemy had pressed forward with so much vigor as to drive
back all the regiments on my right. So slight was the ef-
fort to resist them that I was not aware that there was any
severe fighting in that direction, but the disorganized masses
of men as they rushed by the right of my line told a fearful
tale. The men seemed panic-stricken, and it was impossible
to stop any organized body of them."
Briee's Crossroads. — Maj. Gen. C. C. Washburn: "The ex-
pedition left the railway terminus on the 2d of June and I
reached the battle field on the 10th, and those who escaped
Qoi}federat^ l/eteraij.
from Forrest returned in one day and two nights." Maj.
A. R. Pierce : "The general in command was leading the re-
treat so rapidly that I was obliged to leave hundreds every
mile who couldn't keep up."
Petersburg. — Gen. S. S. Griffin : "A few minuutes later the
enemy made a desperate assault. A panic seized the colored
troops, and they came pouring through and over our men,
plunging into the pits with fixed bayonets in frightful con-
fusion." Col. Lewis Eell : "At this moment all the colored
troops in my front broke and came back, dashing through
my men with bayonets fixed, and the brigade was disorgan-
ized by the large number of fugitives passing through it."
Sabine Crossroads. — General Emory: "When within three
miles of the field of battle the head of my column was met
by a cloud of fugitive negroes on horseback, followed soon
after by masses of cavalry, wagons, and ambulances in the
utmost confusion." General Dwight : "When my command
reached the top of the hill it met that portion of the army
which had preceded it, in utter route and panic, flying before
the enemy, who were in hot pursuit."
Winchester, Va., 1864. — General Dwight : "The whole line
of the 2d was shaken and that portion in front of me flying
in a panic. I endeavored to rally them, but it was a hopeless
task."
Franklin, Term. — Col. Emerson Opdycke : "While thus
moving a horrible stampede of our front troops. came surging
and rushing back."
Nashville. — Col. C. H. Grosvenor : "But the troops were
nostly new conscripts, convalescents, and bounty jumpers,
and on this occasion, with but few exceptions, behaved in
:he most cowardly and disgraceful manner. In vain the
officers tried to rally them ; the line broke, and nearly all the
nen fled from the field."
Hatcher's Run, Va. — Col. Fred T. Locke: "Very many of
3ur men fired almost perpendicularly in the air. Then they
jroke and ran panic-stricken to the rear, and nothing could
itop the flight of the fugitives."
Thompson's Station, Term. — Col. William L. Utley : "Dur-
ng the engagement my lieutenant colonel from his safe place
mnoyed me by sending word to retreat, but I would not ;
■ind while in the midst of complimenting my men I cast my
sye to the right wing and saw it in full retreat, headed by the
ieutenant colonel. I immediately gave them orders to halt,
vhich did not seem to lie heard. I itnmed ; 'vte!y started to
lead them off, which made things very much worse, as my
nen when they saw me run all broke and followed. I over-
ook the right wing, halted and formed them up, and then
tepped to the right to form the regiment. While thus en-
;aged I cast my eyes to the left and saw a portion of the
egiment again in full retreat at the double-quick, with the
ieutenant colonel at their head, and this time I could not
ivertake him."
Hampton Roads, Second Appearance of the Merrimac. —
Z. C. Fulton : "About seven o'clock a signal gun from the
■Minnesota turned all eyes toward Sewell's Point and com-
ng out from under the land the Merrimac was seen. There
'.'as instantaneous activity among the transports and other
essels to get out of the way. Steam tugs were whistling and
creaming about, towing strings of vessels, whilst sloops,
chooners, and brigs got up sail and moved out of harm's
/ay, and in the course of an hour the appearance of the
ioads was greatly altered. For an hour the Rebel fleet kept
hanging position, and the bold impudence of maneuvering
ontinued, while the apparent apathy of our fleet excited sur-
rise and indignation."
Now, I will have to admit that on some occasions our men
"also ran," but as compared to the above instances it would
verify the old adage that "comparisons are odious," and I
will let some Yankee tell about it.
LAST SPEECH OF GENERAL FORREST.
The general idea of Gen. N. B. Forrest is that he was
illiterate— at least, that he had little acquaintance with his
native language in its purity — and his fame has been dis-
paraged b3' some Northerners, who classed him as a "butcher"
for some of his methods" of warfare. A strong contradiction
of all this is found in a speech he made on the occasion of a
reunion of his troops at Covington, Tenn., in 1876.
Capt. James Dinkins, of New Orleans, heard him make this
speech, and, finding a copy of it among his papers, he gave
it to the New Orleans State for publication, from which the
Veteran copies. It was the last speech made by Forrest :
"Soldiers, Ladies, and Gentlemen: I name the soldiers first
because I love them best. I am extremely pleased to meet
you here to-day. I love the gallant men with whom I was
so intimately connected during the late war. You must
readily realize what must pass through a commander's mind
when called upon to meet in reunion the brave spirits who
through four years of war and bloodshed fought fearlessly
for a cause that they thought right and who even when they
foresaw, as we did, that that war must soon close in disaster
and that we must surrender yet did not quail, but marched
to victory in many battles and fought as boldly and as per-
sistently as they did in their first. Nor do I forget those
many gallant spirits who sleep coldly in death upon many
bloody battle fields of the late war. I love them too and
honor their memory. I have often been called to the side on
the battle field of those who had been struck down, and they
would put their arms around my neck and draw me down
to them and kiss me and say : 'General, I have fought my last
battle and will soon be gone. I want you to remember my
wife and children and take care of them.'
"Comrades, I have remembered their wives and little ones
and have taken care of them, and I want every one of you
lo remember them too and join with me in the labor of love.
"Comrades, through the years of bloodshed and weary
marches you were tried and true soldiers. So through the
years of peace you have been good citizens ; and now that we
are again united under the old flag, I love it as I did in the
days of my youth, and I feel sure that you love it also. Yes,
I love and honor that old flag as do those who followed it on
the other side, and I am sure that I express your feelings
when I say that should occasion offer and our common coun-
try demand our services you would as eagerly follow my
lead to battle under that proud banner as ever you followed
me in our late great war.
"It has been thought by some that our social reunions were
wrong, and that they would be heralded to the North as an
evidence that we were again ready to break into civil war.
But I think that we are right and proper, and we will show
our countrymen bj' our conduct and dignity that brave sol-
diers are always good citizens and law-abiding and loyal peo-
ple. Soldiers, I was afraid that I could not be with you
to-day, but I could not bear the thought of not meeting with
you, and I will try always to .meet with you in the future.
I hope that you will continue to meet from year to year and
bring your wives and children with you and let the children
who may come after them enjoy with you the pleasures of
your reunions."
V
26
^oofederat^ l/eterap.
Sketches in this department are given a half column of
space without charge; extra space will be charged for at 20
cents per line. Engravings, $3.00 each.
"O band in the pine wood, cease!
Or the heart will melt in tears
For the gallant eyes and the smiling lips
And the voices of old years."
Col. H. M. Street.
Col. Hugh McQueen Street, affectionately honored with the
title of "Mississippi's Grand Old Man," four times Speaker
of the Mississippi House of Representatives, President of the
Citizens National Bank of Meridian a director of the Mobile
and Ohio Railroad, and Vice President of the Mississippi-
Alabama Fair Association, died at his home in Meridian on
May 31, 1920.
In the passing of Colonel Street Mississippi lost one of
its most interesting and historical figures and a man whose
brilliancy and whose fire of genius had not been dimmed,
even at the time of death, by advancing years, though he had
lived nearly a score of years longer than the allotted time
of man, being in his eighty-eighth year.
Colonel Street was born on his father's plantation on Deep
River, Moore County, N. C, on January 7, 1833, the eldest
of thirteen children. His maternal grandfather and paternal
grandmother were natives of Scotland ; other ancestry mainly
Virginian. The first mentioned was a member of Congress
and solicitor of the State. His grandmother's brother, Hugh
McQueen, was a member of the Constitutional Convention
of 1835 and attorney general of the State of North Carolina.
In early life Colonel Street attended the old field schools
of North Carolina and later Carthage College. In 1852 he
removed with his father's family to Tishomingo County,
Miss., there engaging in farming and mercantile pursuits.
He served throughout the War between the States as a mem-
ber of the 26th Mississippi Infantry Regiment, Lowry's Bri-
gade, Cleburne's Division, returning after the surrender to
assist in repairing the ravages of war, and he early took the
lead in shaping the political destinies of the State. He was
first elected to the legislature from Tishomingo County in
1869 and introduced the bill creating Prentiss County, in
which he resided and from which he was elected as repre-
sentative in the famous "Black and Tan" Legislature of 1876.
It is not too much to say that he saved the State from ruin
and degradation attending the carpetbag rule. Colonel
Street was one of seven white men in the legislature when
a measure known as the "Metropolitan Police Bill" was being
advanced by the carpetbag administration. A few hours
before adjournment, when parliamentary tactics were ex-
hausted and the bill seemed certain of enactment, Colonel
Street calmly arose and asked to see the original bill. When
it was handed to him he deliberately stood before the enemies
of the white people in the legislature and tore the bill to
fragments. This act marked the beginning of the decline of
carpetbag government, and the State began to rally from the
hard blows of war.
Removing to Meridian in 1882, he soon resumed his seat
among the lawmakers as a representative from Lauderdale
County, serving many terms in that body, generally as
Speaker, his last election to that office having been on his
seventy-fifth birthday. Colonel Street introduced the bill
calling the constitutional convention of 1890 and was himself
a prominent member of the convention. On his retirement
the House, by unanimous vote, presented to him the chair
which he had so long occupied with honor to himself and his
fellows. Our engraving shows him seated in this chair.
Not only did Colonel Street enjoy in a singular degree the
respect and affection of his fellow citizens of Mississippi,
but his old age was remarkable for the almost youthful vigor
which was his fortunate possession. In his seventieth year
he organized the Merchants Union Insurance Company of
Meridian, which was liquidated in 1916 at a profit, as he
wished to have all his affairs closed and in good shape while
he was able personally to look after them.
In every relation of life Colonel Street measured up to the
full stature of a man: an affectionate and indulgent father,
a loyal friend, and ever modest in his unceasing benefac-
tions to others in accordance with the divine admonition, "Let
not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth." While
holding the strictest standards for himself, he was fain to
exercise forbearance and to excuse those less strong to con-
tend with evil. He showed much pride in Confederate mem-
ories and associations and delighted in entertaining his old
comrades in his home. On his birthday, January 7, he was
always "at home" to the Walthall Camp of Veterans, of
which he was a member, and to the Daughters of the Con-
federacy, one Meridian Chapter bearing his name. He was
actively interested in the liberal bestowal and equitable dis-
tribution of pensions to indigent veterans and their widows.
COL. H. M. STREET.
Qotyfederat^ l/eteraij,
2?
Colonel Street was for more than thirty years the honored
senior elder in the First Presbyterian Church of Meridian,
a Mason of rank, and the influence he wielded in public af-
fairs in Mississippi for more than half a century is beyond
all estimate. Of his father's family two brothers, Archibald
McBryde Street, of Booneville, Miss., and Donald Street, of
Vicksburg, Miss., both members of the 26th Mississippi Regi-
ment, are still living.
Colonel Street was twice married. His first wife was Eliza-
beth Kimberly Prindle, of Darien, Ga. Their surviving de-
scendants are a son (Charles R. Street, Vice President of the
Fidelity-Phcenix Fire Insurance Company of New York, who
has one son, Donald McQueen Street, a young Princeton
igraduate), and two daughters (Miss Ethel Street, a dramatic
reader of note, and Mrs. Bessie Street Coburn, many years
iher father's private secretary, who has two children, Hugh
Street Coburn, educated at the Virginia Military Institute, a
first lieutenant in the World War, now with the Insurance
Company of North America out of San Francisco, and Eliza-
beth Street Coburn, a recent graduate of Columbia Univer-
sity, New York). A little nine-year-old granddaughter,
Charlotte Kimberly Champenois, the child of a deceased
daughter, completes his direct descendants.
His second wife, who was Miss Charlotte Ryder, of Con-
necticut, had no children. She survives him.
Camp 171, U. C. V., Washington. D. C.
Capt. Fred Beall, Commanding Camp 171, U. C. V., of
Washington, D. C, reports the following loss in membership
during the year. All burials were in Arlington Cemetery
except where mentioned otherwise : Walter Nelson Woodson,
21st Virginia Cavalry; George C. Thompson, Company K,
30th Virginia Infantry; Columbus O. Woodward, Company
C, 1st Maryland Cavalry; Robert R. Green, Company B, 6th
Virginia Cavalry ; Senator John H. Bankhead, buried at Jas-
per, Ala. ; Rev. William T. Thompson, captain Company D,
3th Missouri Cavalry; M. Wallace, Company A, 7th Virginia
Infantry; James B. Price, Company K, 3d Virginia Infantry;
fohn S. Tucker, captain of ordnance (Oak Hill) ; F. B.
Orchard, 3d South Carolina Cavalry; Capt. Benjamin Brown,
Company H, 19th Virginia Infantry; George T. Ferneyhugh,
Company C, 35th Virginia Cavalry; Rev. J. A. Norton, 2d
Mississippi Infantry; Rev. R. H. McKim, lieutenant A. D.
C. Stewart's staff, Chaplain of Camp 171, U. C. V. (Green
Mount, Baltimore) ; J. T. Dutton, Company B, 1st Maryland
Cavalry (Charles County, Md.) ; W. D. Porter, Master's mate,
Confederate States navy (South Carolina) ; Arthur W. Fair-
fax, 43d Virginia Cavalry (Oak Hill) ; William E. Moore.
Company A, 3d North Carolina Light Artillery; Bushrod
Carter, Company B, 8th Virginia Infantry (Prospect Hill) ;
3. M. E. Pegner, Mississippi Scouts (died at Oxford, Miss.) ;
Zharles J. Kinsolving, 1st Richmond Howitzers.
Comrades at Staunton, Va.
Col. James W. Blackburn, Commander of Stonewall Jack-
ion Camp, U. C. V., Staunton, Va., reports the following
leaths in the membership during the year, twenty-one having
inswered to the last roll call: J. Lewis Clemmer, J. F. Voor-
lees, H. Eakin Gay, Robert J. Anderson, N. R. Proctor, Capt.
-ewis Harrison, Capt. H. M. Mcllhaney, G. Wash Trimble,
-ewis Hulvy, Capt. John A. Fauvor, J. B. McCutcheon, Wil-
iam Woolfrey, Capt. W. D. Waller, R. T. Leftwitch, John
vi. Brown, J. F. Carroll, James C. Crane, J. W. B. Parker,
<. S. Turk, T. N. Argenbright, Henry C. Bear.
c. L. JONES.
Charles Lucian Jones.
First Lieutenant Commander Charles Lucian Jones fell on
sleep on October 27, 1920, at Savannah. Ga., in his eighty-
sixth year. He was a survivor of the Confederate navy, in
which he had the honor and distinction of serving under that
great naval commander, Josiah Tatnall, and other Confed-
erate officers of high rank on the sea. He was born in Wash-
ington, D. C, on April
20, 1835, a son of Gen.
Roger Jones, U. S. A.,
and Mary Ann Mason
Page, of a well-known
Virginia family.
Our comrade retired
valuable service on the
Confederate cruiser Tal-
lahassee, acting as pay-
master during that cruise
along the Atlantic Coast
and off New York Har-
bor in 1864. This was
the cruiser that made the
famous escape from Hali-
fax Harbor, regarded as
one of the most remark-
able feats of naval his-
tory. After the fall of
Fort Fisher, Comrade Jones was sent to Richmond, Va., and
was later assigned to duty with Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's.
Army of Tennessee, with which he surrendered on April 26,
1865.
In a letter to the Secretary of the Navy, in which our com-
rade was recommended for promotion, Gen. R. E. Lee gave
persona! testimony as to his attention to duty.
Coming to Savannah after the close of the War between
the States, Comrade Jones became actively engaged in busi-
ness and Church work, having served as senior warden of
Christ Episcopal Church for a great many years, only re-
signing recently from failing health. He was twice married,
his first wife being Miss Mary Ann Anderson, of Wilming-
ton, N. C. His second marriage was to Miss Sallie N. Mills,
of Savannah, on April 12, 1887, and by this marriage there
were two children, Miss Gertrude Page Jones and Catesby
Jones, both of whom survive him.
[D. B. Morgan, Secretary Confederate Veterans' Associa-
tion, Camp 756, U. C. V.]
J. W. Towson.
After more than a year of failing health. J. William Tow-
son died at his home, in Shelbina, Mo., on November 23, 1920.
He is survived by his wife, Mrs. Susan Towson, and a foster
daughter, Mrs. Ada Towson-Lloyd. The funeral was con-
ducted by Rev. T. M. Cobb, a Confederate veteran chaplain,
of Lexington, Mo., assisting the local pastor. The burial was
in charge of the Masonic fraternity, and he was laid to rest
in the city cemetery.
John William Towson was born at Williamsport, Md., on
March 2, 1839, and was educated there and at Baltimore.
After the War between the States began he entered the ranks
of the Confederate army, serving under Gen. Robert E. Lee
until the surrender at Appomattox. He was a member of the
famous Black Horse Cavalry, under Major Randolph, and a
participant in the great battles of Brandy Station, Gettysburg,
28
(^oi)federat^ l/eterai).
Spotsylvania, Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and Trevillians, and
other engagements, ending with the siege of Richmond and
surrender at Appomattox. He was ever loyal to the cause
for which he had fought and took an active part in Confed-
erate matters in his State, having been Commander of the
State Division. U. C. V.
He went to Missouri in 1866 and, with his brother, Henry
Clay Towson, entered the real estate and insurance business
at Shelbina, and during his whole business career he remained
closely allied to the real estate and insurance lines. Later in
life he was more or less interested in the banking interests of
the town. He was the city's first mayor and was always in-
terested in the civic affairs of his home town. He was
Shelby County's representative in the Missouri Legislature
one or two terms. He was always prominent in the affairs
of the little city he called home.
Judge James D. Richmond.
After a short illness, the spirit of Judge James D. Rich-
mond passed to its eternal home on September 9, 1920, at the
home of his nephew, James G. Richmond, at Bynumville, Mo.
He had come from his home, in Wichita Falls, Tex., to visit
his old home and relatives.
Judge Richmond was born in Randolph County, Mo., on
March 5, 1832, the son of John McCracken and Elizabeth
Rose Richmond, who came to Missouri from North Carolina
5n 1830. He was a Confederate soldier, member of Company
F, 3d Missouri Infantry. The captain of his company was
Thomas Lowrey, of Randolph County, Mo. Gen. Francis
Marion Cockrell was commander of his brigade. Among the
tattles in which he participated were Vicksburg, Baker's
Creek, Port Gibson, Corinth, and Allatoona, Ga. In the latter
engagement he was severely wounded, as a result of which
fee went for fifty-eight years without a bone in the upper part
of his left arm.
In 1865 Judge Richmond was married to Miss Sue Martin,
of North Carolina, who survives him. Five children came
to bless their home, four of whom preceded him to that land
where there is no parting.
Tudge Richmond was a member of the county court of
Randolph County, Mo., in the seventies and served with satis-
faction to the people and credit to himself. He was a good
neighbor, fine citizen, successful farmer, Christian gentle-
man, for many years a member of the Cumberland Presby-
terian Church. In his life was .exemplified the Golden Rule.
After a funeral service by the writer, his tired and battle-
scarred body was conveyed to the beautiful cemetery at
Brookfield, Mo., and just as the sun was sinking in the west
we laid him to rest by the side of his children.
[E. M. Richmond; Moberly, Mo.]
Rev. H. C. Bolen.
Rev. H. C. Bolen, a superannuated minister of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, South, was born in Howard County,
Mo., in 1843. and died at Callao. Mo., on November 6. 1920.
He had gone from his home in Shelbina to Callao to fill an
appointment for a brother minister and was suddenly stricken.
His life was a grand success in its service to others. He was
a remarkably modest man, and he referred to the strenuous
life of a Confederate soldier in the long and unequal contest
only occasionally to his most intimate friends. His life was
unpretentious, yet filled with helpfulness for others. He was
true to his profession. Though dead, he will continue in the
hearts of all who knew him-
[C. H. Myers.]
Clayton R. Woods.
Clayton Rogers Woods passed away at his home, in Savan-
nah, Ga., on December 2, in his seventy-seventh year. He
came to Savannah in 1866. immediately engaging in the cot-
ton factorage business with his brothers, William Henry and
S. A. Woods, continuing in the business for a great many
vears, retiring within late years on account of failing health.
For over fifty years he was a member of the Cotton Exchange
of this city, and his form has been a familiar sight on our
streets even after he gave up active business.
As a lad of seventeen Clayton Rogers Woods enlisted in
the Confederate army, joining the Eufaula (Ala.) Light Ar-
tillery on March 12, 1862, and serving with it until paroled
on May 10, 1865, near Meridian, Miss. He saw service with
Gens. E. Kirby Smith, Nathan Bedford Forrest. Joseph E.
Johnston, John B. Hood, and Braxton Bragg. His battery
was engaged in many battles and skirmishes, yet he received
only one wound, and that was at New Hope Church, Ga.,
while Gen. Joseph E. Johnston was leading Sherman on down
toward Atlanta and by his wonderful strategy causing Sher-
man, to lose many men and much supplies. Comrade Woods
at one time was persuaded by his captain to accept the posi-
tion of sergeant, but he shrank from all titles. In business
life, however, he had been director in various banks and of
the Central of Georgia Railway Company.
On December 27, 1870, he was married to Miss Cecelia E.
Malone, of Mobile, Ala., and had he lived until the 27th inst.
would have celebrated his fiftieth wedding anniversary. He
is survived by his wife, one son (Rogers S. Woods), and one
daughter (Mrs. William R. Dancy), both of Savannah.
Comrade Woods was of a kindly, retiring disposition, altruis-
tic by nature, and he did quietly what good he could to his
fellow man.
[D. B. Morgan, Secretary Confederate Veterans' Associa
tion. Savannah, Ga.]
John F. Bishop.
John F. Bishop was born near Westville, Simpson County.
Miss., on June 23, 1843, the son of Elijah and Winnie Bishop.
He was reared on the farm and joined the Confederate army
when he was eighteen years old. enlisting in Company A,
organized by Captain Norman, of Copiah County. To reach;
the place of enlistment he rode his own horse from Westville
to Handsboro, Miss., and there enlisted, horse and all, for
the duration of the war. This company was assigned to the
1st Mississippi Regiment and afterwards was made a part of
the 2d and 4th Regiments. He was engaged in the battles
of Baton Rouge, Port Gibson, Hammond Station, and Baker's
Creek, where he was wounded. He rode horseback from the
ambush where he was wounded to Brandon, a distance ot
one hundred miles, where the Confederates had set up a
temporary hospital, before he secured first-aid treatment
While at home recuperating from the wound, during the sum-
mer of 1863, he joined the Strong River Baptist Church-
Soon after returning to his command he was captured and
imprisoned at Ship Island, but was finally exchanged and
paroled on May 13, 1863.
He was married by Rev. Mr. Middleton on April lo, 18/1.
to Miss Mary Ann Whitworth, of near Rockport, Miss., who
died in 1893 There were seven children of this union, five
surviving him. His second wife was Mrs. Sally Tucker, who:
died about ten vears later. During his declining years he
lived with his children. He suffered greatly at times from an
incurable malady, but bore it as became a true Christian. He
Qoijfederat^ tfefcerag.
2 9.
departed this life just as the dawn of Easter was breaking on
the 4th of April, 1920, at the age of seventy-six years.
Comrade Bishop was a consistent member of the Baptist
Church and was a deacon at the time of his death, and he
was always found in the ranks of those working for the
moral uplift of the community.
Hon. E. B. Goode.
Hon. E. B. Goode, of Wheatland. Mecklenburg County,
Va., passed away on October 15, 1920, in his eighty-first year.
He was married on January 25, 1865, to Miss Lucy Tanny
Watkins, who died some years ago, and is survived by four
daughters and three sons. He had been a consistent member
of St. James Episcopal Church at Boydton, Va., since his
;arly youth, and was there laid to rest in the churchyard in
the presence of many relatives and friends.
Mr. Goode came of one of the most prominent families in
Southside Virginia. His father represented his district in
Congress for several years in the fifties and was widely known
for learning and faithful service to his people.
At the beginning of the War between the States E. B.
Goode was a cadet in the graduating class of the Virginia
Military Institute. The class was incidentally graduated and
sent to Richmond as drill masters for the volunteers flocking
to that city. They remained in that work for several months,
when Mr. Goode was made adjutant of the 56th Virginia In-
fantry. He was with this regiment at the siege of Fort
Donelson, but was with the five thousand of the command
which decamped before the place fell into the hands of the
Federals. In making his way homeward he was seized with
a malignant attack of typhoid fever which confined him to
his bed for months in the State of Kentucky. During this
illness and convalescence he was most of the time within the
Federal lines and would have been taken prisoner had not
his condition made it impossible to move him. As he became
stronger he had many narrow escapes from capture. Finally
he managed to reach his home, to the great surprise and
delight of his family and friends. He then was assigned to
the 34th Virginia Infantry as adjutant, of which his brother,
the late Col. J. Thomas Goode, was colonel. He was with
this regiment to the close of the war, participating in its many
battles, including the battle of the Crater and other contests
around Petersburg. He was wounded while in the trenches
ihere, but surrendered with his regiment at Appomattox.
Mr. Goode held many positions of honor and trust in the
county, all of which he filled with conspicuous ability and
-fidelity. He was one of the organizers of the L. A. Armistead
Camp of Confederate Veterans and its Commander for sev-
eral terms and was an active participant in all its work. He
i was a man of modest demeanor and of inflexible principle.
[W. H. Jones, L. A. Armistead Camp of Confederate Vet-
erans.]
W. B. Judkins.
Comrade W. B. Judkins was born in North Carolina on
July 1, 1840, and died at the home of his daughter in Rome,
Ga., on October 7, 1920. When the tocsin of war was
sounded in 1861, he promptly responded, enlisting in Company
G, 22d Georgia Infantry, which was organized near Rome in
August, 1861. He served gallantly throughout the war under
Lee and A. P. Hill and took part in all the principal battles
from Seven Pines to Appomattox. He was wounded at
Spotsylvania C. H. on May 10, 1864. No braver soldier ever
shouldered a gun than Billy Judkins ; he was always in front
3n the firing line.
On November 4, 1864, Comrade Judkins was married to
Mrs. Mary Ann Malone in Columbia, S. C, and after the
close of the war he came to Georgia and settled in Cedar-
town, Polk County, where he engaged for a number of years
in the milling business. Later he moved to Floyd County,
and there lived the rest of his life. He was a devoted hus-
band, a kind and indulgent father, and a valiant soldier of the
cross, having belonged to the Baptist Church for seventeen
years. He was also a prominent Mason for thirty-six years.
He was buried by the side of his wife, who died in 1909.
He is survived by one son and a daughter.
iW. J. Vincent, a comrade of Company G.]
Robert L. Kelly.
With a sad heart I record the death of another dear old
comrade. On the 7th of September, 1920, Robert L. Kelly
made his last march and answered the final roll call, in the
seventh-ninth year of his age. A native of Hinds County,
Miss., he served faithfully his beloved South as a member
of Company K, 45th Regiment of Mississippi Infantry, Gen.
Mark P. Lowrey's brigade, Gen. Pat Cleburne's division.
Army of Tennessee, sharing the arduous campaigns, the toil-
some marches, the perils, and the triumphs of that famous
command.
Genial, kindly "Bob," always cheerful, always hopeful !
The few who still survive (only five, I think) of all that
old company will recall how often in the dreary bivouac and
at the camp fire, after a hard day's march, "Bob's" skillful
touch would evoke from his violin such strains of melody
as to drive away weariness and depression. When the old
fiddle tumbled out of a wagon and was crushed under the
wheels, there was mourning throughout the regiment.
His comrades tender his son and daughters their earnest
sympathies and reverently salute his memory together with
those other comrades who have "crossed the bar." Heaven
rest their souls in peace !
[P. W. Shearer, Company K, 45th Mississippi Regiment.]
Dr. J. C. Hall.
After an illness of several months, Dr. J. C. Hall, a leading
physician and planter of Anguilla, Miss., died at his planta-
tion home on November 19, 1920. Burial was by the Masons,
with the Rev. Mr. Davison, of the Episcopal Church, con-
ducting the funeral.
Dr. Hall was born in 1838 and was educated at Mississippi
College. He studied and graduated in medicine from the
Long Island College Hospital, New York.
Entering the Confederate army as a volunteer surgeon, he
was assigned to the 37th Tennessee Volunteers and partici-
pated in engagements from Shiloh to the surrender of the
Army of Tennessee, in April, 1865, serving in hospitals and
in the field and acting as medical director, medical inspector,
and brigade surgeon on the staff of General Tyler and later
as brigade surgeon on the staff of Gen. W. B. Bate.
At the close of the war Dr. Hall returned home to engage
in the practice of medicine and planting. He was prominent
in the affairs of his county and State, twice representing his
county in the legislature. He was a leading member of his
county and State medical society and of the American Medi-
cal Association. In 1914 he was appointed Surgeon General
of the Confederate Veterans' organization by Gen. Bennett
H. Young.
Surviving Dr. Hall are his wife and two sons, Dr. J. B.
Hall, of Anguilla, and John W. Hall, of New Orleans.
3q;
Qoi)federat{ tfefcerai).
Judge Joseph Drummond Hunt.
Joseph Drummond Hunt was born in Fayette County, Ky.,
on August 14, 1838, and died at his home, in Lexington, Ky.,
on September 3, 1920, aged eighty-two years. He was the
youngest son of Peter Gordon Hunt and his wife, Mary Ann
Bullock. He had the heritage of being well born, his grand-
parents on both the paternal and maternal side having been
of the better class of those early settlers who made homes
for themselves in the fertile blue grass region of Kentucky.
His mother died when he was less than three years of age.
His father was a man of the highest character, of sincere
piety, and, himself well educated, desirous of giving his chil-
dren the best educational advantages.
Attending the schools in his neighborhood during his boy-
hood, Joseph was especially fortunate in being the pupil of
his oldest brother, the Rev. George Hunt, exceptionally fitted
to prepare his students for their college course. After an
attendance of three years at Center College, at Danville, Ky.,
during the presidency of the Rev. Dr. John C. Young, re-
vered as a truly great teacher, Joseph D. Hunt graduated in
the class of 1857 with the highest honors for scholarship,
that of valedictorian of his class. It was the largest class
ever graduated from this noted college (numbering forty-
seven), and many of its members afterwards gained distinc-
tion as soldiers and also in civil life. After leaving college
he chose the profession of law ; attended the law lectures
of Chief Justice George Robertson for three terms and later
was a student in the law department of Louisville University,
from which he graduated in 1861.
His service as a Confederate soldier was that of a man of
approved courage, diligent in the performance of every duty
and faithful to the last. He was sergeant major of the 8th
Kentucky Cavalry (R. S. Cluke, colonel) from its organiza-
tion, in September, 1862. This was one of the best regiments
under the command of Gen. John H. Morgan, so widely
known as "Morgan's Men." Taking part in every battle or
minor engagement in which his regiment participated, Com-
rade Hunt at all times rendered efficient service and won the
confidence and esteem of the officers and men of his regi-
ment. He was in the battle of Hartsville, Tenn., December
7, 1862, one of the most successful enterprises ■ and most
brilliant victories of the many to the credit of "Morgan and
his men." Two regiments from the 1st Brigade of Kentucky
Volunteer Infantry took part in this engagement under the
command of Col. Thomas H. Hunt, an uncle of Gen. John
H. Morgan. The 8th Kentucky Cavalry accompanied Gen-
eral Morgan on what is known as the "Ohio Raid" in July,
1863. Sergeant Major Hunt, with his regiment, was cap-
tured at Buffington Island, Ohio. He was a prisoner first
at Camp Morton, Indianapolis, Ind., and afterwards at Camp
Douglas, Chicago, 111. In March, 186S, he was sent on ex-
change to Richmond, Va. After the surrender of Gen. Robert
E. Lee at Appomattox Comrade Hunt, having been declared
exchanged, was with Gen. Basil W. Duke, who, with a por-
tion of his command, formed a part of that remnant of an
army that rode from Charlotte, N. C, to Washington, Ga.,
acting as an escort to President Jefferson Davis and his
cabinet. When President Davis undertook to make his es-
cape and Gen. John C. Breckinride, Secretary of War, had
strated on his ride to the Florida coast, from which he was
successful in crossing over ta the island of Cuba, Joseph D.
Hunt, w : ith several of his comrades, rode into the city of
Augusta, Ga., and was paroled by officers of the Federal
army on May 9, 1865, one month after the surrender at Ap-
pomattox.
After returning to Kentucky and while engaged in the
practice of law at Lexington he was elected city attorney,
serving in 1868-69. In August, 1873, he was appointed by
Gov. Preston H. Leslie to the office of circuit judge of the
district composed of Fayette and the six adjoining counties
to fill out the unexpired term of Judge Charles B. Thomas.
Later he was elected circuit judge for the full term of six
years. He was an admirable judicial officer, with a ripe
knowledge of the law in its various branches coming under
the criminal, the common law, and equity jurisdiction of the
court. While courteous to the members of the bar, he was
exacting in the demand that the business of the court should
be dispatched with promptness and no unnecessary delay.
Declining to become a candidate for reelection, he resumed
the practice of the law. Having in the highest degree the
confidence of the community, founded on the knowledge of
his legal attainments and absolute trust in his unswerving
integrity, it is needless to say he was successful in securing
a good practice. Very naturally he was called on to fill many
positions of trust, a list of which would extend this notice
beyond proper limits. Among them, however, may be named:
President of the Board of Aldermen, President of the North-
ern Bank of Kentucky, Commissioner of Eastern State Hos-
pital for the Insane, President of the Lexington Cemetery
Company, and director of the Security Trust Company.
About five years before his death, due to failing health and
the infirmities of age, he retired from practice, leaving the
business in the hands of his nephew, George R. Hunt, who
had been for years the junior partner in the firm.
Judge Hunt was never married, but he had taken a most
fatherly interest in his nephews and nieces, the children of
his older brothers. His kindness and generosity were by
no means confined to them, for it included many other rela-
tives and friends. He was a man of genuine piety and had
long been a member of the Baptist Church. When he died
his associates paid high and well-deserved tribute to this
"Nestor of the Fayette County bar" — "lawyer, jurist, soldier,
and Christian gentleman."
A man of simple tastes and quiet manner of life, he was
ever open-handed to those in need. By no class in the com-
munity was he more respected and loved than by his Con-
federate comrades, for whom he always showed the warmest
interest and affection.
John Slagle.
Another link that binds the olden, golden past is severed
in the passing of another member of Shelby's Iron Brigade
of Missouri Confederate Cavalry. John Slagle, who was a
member of Company C, 3d Regiment of Shelby's Brigade,
from its organization, died at the home of his granddaugh-
ter, near Wonder, Josephine County, Oregon, on November
18, 1920, at the advanced age of eighty-two years. This com-
rade took part in all of the campaigns of that remarkable
body of horsemen from 1862 to the end of the war, which
found him in camp near Corsicana, Tex. Like a good many
others, he was not pleased to surrender, and on the 2d of
June, 1865, he started with Shelby and about five hundred of
his devoted followers to Old Mexico and from Mexico went
to Oregon in the fall of 1865 and settled near where he died.
He leaves three children and several grandchildren and great-
grandchildren to mourn their loss. He w»s laid to rest by
the side of his wife, who preceded him to the grave forty-six
years.
[Sam Box, Muskogee, Okla.]
Qoi?fed«rat^ l/eterai).
31
William T. Lowry.
William T. Lowry died at Cartersville, S. C„ on Decem-
ber 14, 1920. No man had a better war record. He entered
the service in April, 1861, in Company D, 8th South Carolina
Regiment, at the age of sixteen, and remained the four years
of the war, getting only one furlough, which he gave to his
father, who was a member of the same company. He en-
tered the service as a private and remained one; he was too
good a private to spoil by making an officer. His regiment
belonged to the 1st Brigade (Kershaw's) of the 1st Division
(McLaws's) of the 1st Corps (Longstreet's) of the Army
of Northern Virginia. He participated in the following bat-
tles : Manassas, Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Savage Station,
Frazier's Farm, Malvern Hill, Second Manassas, Maryland
Heights, Harper's Ferry, Sharpsburg, Shepherdstown, Fred-
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Camp-
bell's Station, Knoxville, Beans's Station, the Wilderness,
Spotsylvania, North Anna River, Cold Harbor, Deep Bot-
tom, Petersburg, and Berryville.
He was captured, with nearly all of his regiment, in Sep-
tember, 1864, near Winchester, and was sent to Camp Chase,
Ohio, where he was released after the war. He was wounded
at Chickamauga.
At the Wilderness early in the morning of May 6, 1864,
Major General Wadsworth, of Grant's army, rode out on
the plank road near Lowry and was shot by young Lowry,
the wound being fatal. For years he had had the field glasses
of General Wadsworth, but they were destroyed when his
house burned three years ago.
Comrade Lowry had always taken great interest in Con-
federate matters and in recent years had visited many of the
battle fields. He leaves a large family and a good name. He
was an elder in the Presbyterian Church at the time of his
death.
[William Godfrey.]
Capt. Thomas H. Clower.
Capt. Thomas Harrison Clower, pioneer resident of Opelika,
Ala., died on December 18 at the age of seventy-eight years.
He was born in Harris County, Ga., November 6, 1842, but
was reared at Auburn, Ala., where his parents removed when
he was two years old. In May, 1861, he entered the Confed-
erate army as a private of Company F, 12th Alabama In-
fantry, was promoted to sergeant in 1862, and commanded
his company in some of its hardest fought engagements. He
took part in numerous battles, including those around Rich-
mond, and at the time the Petersburg lines were broken he
was in a hospital very ill and was taken prisoner. After a
few days in Libby Prison he was paroled and made his way
back to Auburn in August, 1865.
His business career began in Auburn, but in a few years
he removed to Opelika and was there in active business until
four years ago, when ill health caused his retirement. He
had been prominent in the affairs of the town, serving one
term as its mayor, and also held the office of County Super-
intendent of Education. He was a Master Mason and chair-
man of the board of trustees of the Methodist Church there.
In 1868 Captain Clower was married to Miss Georgia
Bedell, of Columbus, Ga., who died in 1887. His second wife
was Mrs. Alcora W. Bennett, who survives him with four
sons, also three sisters and two brothers.
Captain Clower took a leading part i» Confederate mat-
ters of the community and had served as Adjutant of Lee
Camp, U. C. V. His death is widely mourned, for he had
made lasting friends of all with whom he came in contact.
Col. Clement Sulivane.
The Veteran notes with sorrow the passing of Col. Clement
Sulivane, gallant soldier, distinguished lawyer and statesman,
whose death occurred on the 9th of November, 1920, at Cam-
bridge, Md. His article on the "Last Meeting with General
Lee" was a valued contribution to the December Veteran,
and other articles by him have appeared in preceding years.
His death brings to a close a life of wonderful activity.
Clement Sulivane was the eldest child of Vans Murray and
Octavia Van Dorn Sulivane, and was born at Port Gibson,
Miss., on August 20, 1838. One of his paternal ancestors,
Maj. James Sulivane, an Irish officer in one of the regiments
of King James, came to this country and settled in Dorches-
ter County, Md., in 1693.
Young Sulivane was educated in the schools of Cambridge,
finishing with a year at Princeton, followed by two years at
the University of Virginia. He then studied law and began
to practice in 1860; but in the following year he enlisted in
the Confederate army, serving first with Company A, of the
10th Mississippi, was later transferred to Company B, of the
21st Virginia Regiment, and in November, 1861, was ap-
pointed first lieutenant and A. D. C. on the staff of Gen.
Earl Van Dorn, his mother's brother, with whom he served
from January, 1862, to May, 1863, when the General was
killed. He participated in all of the principal battles in the
West, including Elkhorn, or Pea Ridge, Farmington, Corinth,
Vicksburg, and had three horses killed under him, but never
received a wound. After the death of General Van Dorn he
was assigned to duty on the staff of Gen. G. W. C. Lee, com-
manding the defense of Richmond, and assisted in repelling
the cavalry raids on that city. In July, 1864, he was promoted
to captain and chief of staff, was made major in January,
1865, and promoted to lieutenant colonel in the following
March. He had been recommended for brigadier general,
but the evacuation of Richmond came before his commission
could be issued. His military career ended with the sur-
render of Lee's army, and he returnd to his home in Mary-
land.
Colonel Sulivane resumed the practice of law, but in 1871
became editor and publisher of the Cambridge Chronicle, and
was widely known for his ability in the field of journalism.
He was also actively identified with politics, represented his
county in the State Senate from 1877 to 1881, and had also
served as Chairman of the Democratic State Central Com-
mittee. He was a member of the Knights of Pythias and
Cambridge Lodge, No. 66, A. F. and A. M.
In November, 1868, Colonel Sulivane was married to Miss
Delia Hayward, who died a few months before him. Two
sons and a daughter survive him.
Brief Mention.
Mention is here made of several comrades whose deaths
were reported, but sketches have not yet been submitted:
Rev. J. Lynn Bachman died at Sweetwater, Tenn., on De-
cember 15, 1919. "He lived to a ripe old age, rich in service
to his Maker, his family, his friends, and his country, leav-
ing a memory that will be cherished."
Capt. J. K. Fisher, of Fresno, Cal., a native Tennesseean,
died at the age of eighty years. He served as captain of a
company under Col. John Savage.
Gen. George T. Riddle, commanding Second Brigade of
Tennessee Division, U. C. V., died at Pulaski, Tenn., on De-
cember 28, 1919. He served as Adjutant of Camp John
Woldridge, at Pulaski, for many years.
32
^oi>federat^ l/eterag,
TUniteb Daughters of tbe Confederacy
"*£oira TTpaAres W/omory Stoma/"
Mrs. Roy W. McKinnky, President General
Paducah, Kv.
Mrs- ALICE Baxter, Atlanta, Ga First Vice President General
Mrs. Bennett D. Bell, Nashville, Tenn Second Vice President General
Mrs. R. P. Holt, Rocky Mount, N. C Third Vice President General
Mrs. R. D. Wright, "Newberry, S. C Recording Secretary General
Mrs. \V. E. R. Byrnes, Charleston, \V. Va Cor. Secretary General
Mrs. Amos Norris, Tampa, Fla Treasurer General
Mrs. A. A. Campbell, Wytheville, Va Historian General
Mrs. Fannie R. Williams, Newton, N. C Registrar General
Mrs. William D. Mason, Philadelphia, Pa Custodian of Crosses
Mrs. J. H. Crenshaw, Montgomery, Ala Custodian Flags and Pennants
[All communications for this department should be sent direct to Mrs. A. B. White, Official Editor, Paris, Tenn.]
FROM THE PRESIDENT GENERAL.
To the United Daughters of the Confederacy: The twenty-
seventh annual convention, held in Asheville, N. C, was an
occasion of happy reunion and earnest endeavor. Your dele-
gates set the seal of approval upon the work I have done by
honoring me with reelection, and I assume the duties of the
office for a second term with the hope of carrying out the
wishes of that splendid bod}' of patriotic women.
Hero Fund. — As we are entering the new year, let the first
good resolution be one that will lead to the immediate com-
pletion of the Hero Fund. The convention indorsed the per
capita plan as the equitable method of accumulating this
fund, and South Carolina, on the convention floor, paid in full
the quota. Illinois and Philadelphia are in the paid-up ranks,
Philadelphia having given more than $9 per capita. Mrs.
Beale will render a statement to each Division, and with this
information it will be easy to go forward. Ask for Liberty
Bonds ; urge the Chapters to give their bonds to this our
working memorial.
Jefferson Davis Monument at His Birthplace in Kentucky.
— Let our good resolution number two be to complete this
pledge to the veterans. When you have given 25 cents per
capita, the memorial can be finished without delay. The un-
veiling of this great monument depends upon the U. D. C,
and I here send a special message to the Division Directors
urging renewed efforts.
Faithful Slave Monument. — Immediate steps will be taken
to commemorate the faithful slave murdered by John Brown
at Harper's Ferry, Va. A committee of U. D. C. women
will cooperate with a committee appointed by Commander
Forrest, of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, to perfect ar-
rangements for the erection of a bowlder to this "Hero of
Harper's Ferry." The United Daughters of the Confederacy
committee appointed by your President is composed of Mrs.
Man' Dowling Bond, of Lawrenceburg, Ky. ; Mrs. Charles L.
Reed, of Huntington, W. Va. ; Miss Katie Daffan, of Hous-
ton, Tex.
The Jefferson Davis Highway. — A forward step was taken
by this committee when the interest of the Sons of the Con-
federate Veterans was attracted to the great project. The
committee's recommendation to turn the business management
over to the Sons, provided Mr. X. B. Forrest shall be in
charge of the work, regardless of whether or not he is Com-
mander in Chief, was adopted by the convention, and the
Sons have accepted the obligation. This does not relieve the
L". D. C. of work for this cause. The committee will in a
short time set forth a plan of work of interest to every mem-
ber of the organization.
Library Collections. — So satisfactory has been the work of
collecting books for the Bodlian Library that the convention
instructed the committee to open correspondence with other
foreign libraries looking toward placing similar collections
in the ranking libraries of the nations. The library' of Par-
liament, Ottawa. Canada, has expressed a desire for the col-
lection, and the committee is now in correspondence with the
American Library Association, soon to open a branch library
in Paris, France.
Southern Women in War Times. — A review of "Our Book"
appeared in the December 5 issue of the Baltimore Sun, from
which I quote the following: "In publishing under their own
auspices 'The Women of the South in War Times,' compiled
by Matthew Page Andrews, the U. D. C. have made a val-
uable contribution to history and literature." The book is
ready for circulation, and our duty is clear. We have a di-
rector for each Division, who will solicit your aid in making
the sale large. See that every library, public and in the home,
has a copy.
Needy Confederate Women. — Our relief work grows every
year, and the demand for funds is increased in proportion.
The Asheville Convention gave pledges from the floor
amounting to about $1,000 to supplement the Chapters' of-
fering for the fund. Each Chapter is asked to give $1 this
year to these old women who are dependent upon us. Send
the amount to the Treasurer as soon as possible and thereby
share the pleasure of sending this message of cheer. The
personnel of this committee is the same as last year. Write
Mrs. N. V. Randolph, Chairman.
Education. — The report of the Educational Committee was
received with enthusiasm by the convention, with $81,000 in
scholarships and $30,000 paid in on the Hero Fund. The
committee is making plans and will soon be ready to make
award for the coming year. The Educational Committee for
1920-21 is: Miss Armida Moses, Chairman, Sumter, S. C. ;
Miss Annie Jean Gash, Pisgah Forrest, N. C. ; Mrs. W. T.
Davis, 918 Seventeenth Avenue S., Nashville, Tenn. ; Mrs.
H. S. West, Baltimore, Md.
The committee to award university prize for Confederate
essay is : Mrs. L. R. Schuyler, 520 West One Hundred and
Fourteenth Street, New York, N. Y. ; Mrs. I. H. Harness,
Chickasha. Okla. : Miss Ida Powell, 1447 East Marquette
Road Chicago, 111.
Stationery. — Mrs. W. S. Coleman, 436 Peachtree Street,
Atlanta, Ga., will serve again as Chairman of the Official
Stationery Committee. The other members of the commit-
tee are : Mrs. E. L. Merry, Tulsa, Okla. ; Miss Man," Lou
Gordon White, Nashville, Tenn.; Mrs. J. P. Scott, Shreve-
port, La. ; Mrs. Chappel Cory, Birmingham, Ala.
Necrology.— Mrs. John B. Richardson, Honorary Presi-
dent U. D. C, New Orleans, La., died on November 4. Mrs.
Richardson has been a faithful and honored member of this
organization for many years, and her death brings sorrow
to her coworkers.
Since the close of the convention at Asheville, I have had
Qogfederat^ Ueterai).
33
the pleasure of visiting the Chairman of Education, Miss
Armida Moses, of Sumter, S. C, and of meeting the mem-
bers of Dick Anderson Chapter of that city. While in
Charleston, the guest of Mrs. St. J. Allison Lawton, Presi-
dent of the South Carolina Division, U. D. C, I enjoyed
seeing the members of Charleston Chapter and found great
inspiration in meeting our former President General, Mrs.
Augustine T. Smythe.
The added privilege of representing you on the occasion of
the South Carolina Convention, held in Greenville, gave me
much pleasure.' In Nashville, Tenn., our newly elected Sec-
ond Vice President General, Mrs. Bennett D. Bell, was a
charming hostess, and many attentions were shown me as
your representative by the Executive Board of Nashville
Chapter, No. 1, the affiliated Chapters, the Ladies' Hermitage
Association, and the Confederate Veterans. On December 7
I extended your greeting to the Middle Tennessee U. D. C.
Conference at Shelbyville. This conference was under the
direction of the First Vice President of the Tennessee Di-
vision, Mrs. J. A. Woods, who presided with grace and dig-
nity.
The new year is before us, dear Daughters. Let us use its
opportunities in building up a greater U. D. C. by extending
our work and by carrying forward the principles of true
American patriotism.
With wishes for a happy New Year to you all,
Cordially, Mary M. Faris McKinney.
THE HERO FUND.
Report for November, 1920.
South Carolina Division $ 9 00
West Virginia Division 764 20
Mrs. Kate Robson Kennedy, Baltimore Chapter.... 25 00
Confederate Relief Circle of Maryland 100 00
Florida Division: St. Petersburg Chapter 43 50
Dklahoma Division 50 00
Zheck from Mrs. McKinney, as follows : Balance
Hero Fund, exclusive of interest, $30.27 ; Virginia
Division, $2; Colorado Division, $14.95; Ohio Di-
vision, $5; North Carolina Division, $100 152 22
Tennessee Division : Shiloh Chapter, $10 ; Gen. Kirby
Smith Chapter, $27.60 37 60
Pittsburg Chapter 12 65
Mabama Division: Asheville Chapter, $10; Stephen
D. Lee Chapter, $5 ; Murrell E. Pratt, $8.30 ; Leon-
ard C. Pratt, $5 28 30
Tacoma, Wash., Chapter 5 00
Georgia Division : Statesboro Chapter, $5 ; Tennille
Chapter, $5 ; Summerville Chapter, $5 ; Douglas
Chapter, $2 15 00
Colorado Division : Nathan B. Forrest Chapter,
Pueblo 27 60
Mississippi Division : Check from Mrs. Hugh L.
Zuin, West Point 56 00
Saltimore Chapter 20 00
iouth Carolina Division 1 ,039 71
'exas Division 174 50
'ittsburg Chapter 6 50
Total $2,566 78
'reviously reported 3,938 95
Total $6,505 73
Mrs. J. T. Beal, Treasurer.
REPORT ON THE CONFEDERATE MUSEUM.
In her report on the Confederate Museum in Richmond,
Ya., to the Asheville Convention, Miss Sally Archer Ander-
son, President of the Confederate Memorial Literary Society,
of that city, brought out some interesting facts about the
museum, while making a plea for its better maintenance. The
plan is to raise a general endowment fund for its support, and
to date six States have completed their fund of $3,000 each.
The States lacking more or less of their fund are: Georgia,
Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Mis-
souri, Tennessee, and Texas.
A constant stream of visitors to the museum is recorded,
7,777 having registered during 1920, of which 3,733 were from
the North and foreign countries. The fees for these admis-
sions, with the annual membership fee of one dollar and
other small sums, help to meet the current expenses.
Some of the priceless relics being preserved in this museum
are the original manuscript of the Provisional Constitution
of the Confederate States, which is displayed only on special
occasions; the original great seal of the Confederacy, on ex-
hibition daily; the uniforms worn by Generals Lee, Jackson,
Stuart, and Johnston, which are gazed upon reverently; and
other relics beyond value in the different rooms, to which
accessions are being made constantly. It has been suggested
that June 3, the birthday of President Davis, might also be
considered as "Confederate Museum Day," when gifts of
money, relics, etc., could be sent to the museum in memory
of some loved one of the sixties".
When the U. D. C. shall have added the library building
to this museum, all these treasures can be the better displayed.
Daughters of the Confederacy, push on this memorial work.
Life memberships will be $25 after January 1 ; in me-
moriam, not less than $10. These fees go to the endowment
fund of the museum or to that of some room, as may be
designated.
DIVISION NOTES.
Arkansas. — The annual convention of the Arkansas Di-
vision was held at Malvern October 27-29, 1920, and was said
to be the best attended session in the history of this organiza-
tion. From reports of the different Chapters it was shown
that a wonderful work is being done along educational and
benevolent lines.
The following officers were elected : President, Mrs. W. E.
Massey, Hot Springs ; First Vice President, Mrs. S. D. War-
field, Helena ; Second Vice President, Mrs. R. N. Garrett,
Eldorado; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Joseph Frazee Capple-
man, Little Rock; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. S. E. Dil-
lon, Hot Springs ; Treasurer, Mrs. Henry Berger, Malvern ;
Historian, Mrs. M. L. Hildebrand, Prairie Grove ; Registrar,
Miss Clara B. Eno, Van Buren ; Custodian, Mrs. P. J. Rice,
Little Rock; Recorder, Mrs. N. B. Harris, Marianna ; Cor-
respondent to Veteran, Mrs. Dewell Gann, Sr., Benton.
Miss Thelma Lide, of Helena, was appointed to solicit sub-
scriptions for the Veteran.
Mrs. Henry Berger, President of the hostess Chapter, de-
serves much credit for her efforts in making this one of the
most enjoyable conventions ever held in this State. The
delegates expressed themselves as charmed with Malvern and
the exceptionally kind treatment received at the hands of the
people.
P
34
^opfederat^ Uefcerap,
The State President, Mrs. W. E. Massey, and Mrs. C. M.
Roberts, both of Hot Springs, attended the general conven-
tion at Asheville, N. C.
California.— Wade Hampton Chapter, No. 763, Los Angeles,
celebrated Admiral Semmes's birthday with the usual picnic at
South Park. To this annual affair the Confederate Veterans'
Camp at Los Angeles is always invited as honor guests. One
could easily imagine being in the very heart of the Old South
with so many real old Southerners, men and women, and
when the bounteously laden table was revealed, with its load
of good things cooked Southern style, one felt sure of it.
Fried chicken, baked Virginia ham, sweet potato pie, sweet
pickles, watermelon, and ice cream and cake were served in
abundance. Mr. Coldwell, one of the veterans, presented to
the Daughters a mammoth cake, beautifully decorated in the
finest confectioners' art, and the Daughters in turn presented
to the Veterans a choice cake iced in Confederate flag design.
The Division President, Mrs. Thomas Jefferson Douglass,
also an honor guest, was requested to cut the cake for the
Veterans, which was so large that every guest at the picnic
had a slice.
Mrs. Ross Hutchison, President of the Chapter, presented
Mrs. Douglass with a large bouquet of choice flowers.
Speech-making was then in order, and it was gratifying to
hear all of those loving appreciations of each other that
poured forth from the white-haired veterans and the gentle
grandmothers, mothers, and daughters who lived through the
tragic times of the sixties. Surely it was a love feast. The
veterans indulged in reminiscences of other days, and they
had an interested, eager audience.
Missouri. — The twenty-third annual convention of the Mis-
souri Divison was held at Sedalia October 19-21, Emmett Mc-
Donald Chapter entertaining. The business sessions were held
at the First Baptist Church. A reception at the hospitable
home of Mrs. George F. Longan, "Long Walk Place," the
first evening and a delightful automobile ride the second day
added great pleasure to a very busy council.
The reports of Chapter Presidents and committee chair-
men gave evidence of renewed interest, wholesome growth,
and splendid enthusiasm. Educational work is being put
uppermost in the program for the coming year.
Tribute was paid to Mrs. Thomas Wood Parry, deceased,
former Division President and Recording Secretary General.
Mrs. H. A. Pratt gave a most interesting talk reminiscent
of her personal acquaintance with Jefferson Davis.
Mrs. J. P. Higgins is proving a very capable and inspiring
leader and was unanimously elected for a second term. Other
officers elected are: First Vice President, Mrs. R. R. Highley-
man, Sedalia: Second Vice President, Mrs. L. B. Houck,
Cape Girardeau; Third Vice President, Mrs. C. D. McCoy,
Independence ; Recording Secretary, Miss Virginia Wilkin-
son, Independence; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. W. W.
Henderson, Bridgeton ; Treasurer, Mrs. John Taylor, Keytes-
ville; Historian, Mrs. J. B. Bozarth, Hannibal; Director Chil-
dren's Chapter, Mrs. M. A. Dolan, Hannibal; Recorder of
Crosses, Mrs. W. E. Owen, Clinton ; Editress Confederate
Veteran, Mrs. B. Liebstadter, Kansas City; Chaplain, Mrs.
Elizabeth McKinney, Moberly.
An invitation to Monett for the 1921 convention was ac-
cepted.
New York. — On October 14 at Hotel Astor the annual con-
vention of the New York Division was held. Reports from
officers and standing committees disclosed many events of
interest. The President, Mrs. Richard Walter Jones in her
report made an urgent appeal to the Division to raise funds
for a bust of Gen. Robert E. Lee to be placed in the Hall
of Fame at New York University in the niche provided for
that purpose. The response of the ladies was spontaneous,
and already several subscriptions have been reported.
The Division has met its full quota for the Jefferson Davis
monument at Fairview, Ky. The Division has also responded
to the request of Mrs. Roy Weeks McKinney, President Gen-
eral, to raise the Hero Fund by a personal subscription of
$1.15 from each member of this organization.
Officers for the ensuing term were unanimously elected, as
follows : President, Mrs. Livingston Rowe Schuyler ; First
Vice President, Mrs. Louis Bennett; Second Vice President,
Mrs. George E. Draper; Third Vice President, Mrs. J. H.
Dew; Recording Secretary, Mrs. A. J. Smith; Corresponding
Secretary, Mrs. William L. Sands ; Treasurer, Mrs. George
B. Dermody ; Registrar, Mrs. L. R. Cautley ; Historian, Mrs.
Harry White Tupman ; Recorder of Crosses, Mrs. A. W.
Cochran; Directors, Mrs. J. D. Beale and Mrs. Charles B.
Goldsborough.
The following members were made Honorary Presidents
of the Division : The retiring President, Mrs. Richard Walter
Jones, and Mrs. Elizabeth Buford Phillips, Mrs. Silas F.
Catchings, and Mrs. Henry Mason Day.
Mrs. James Henry Parker, Honorary President and First
President of the Division, contributed the following books
for the Bodlian Library: "Life of Jefferson Davis," two
volumes, by Mrs. Davis ; "Lives of Distinguished North Caro-
linians, 1861-65," "Important Papers of the Confederacy,"
"Defense of Charleston Harbor."
Washington. — The twelfth annual convention of this Di-
vision was held in Seattle on October 13, with the Robert E.
Lee Chapter as hostess. The three Chapters in the State
were represented by delegates, and about sixty ladies, com-
prising officers, delegates, and members united in making it
the most enjoyable and inspiring meeting that had ever con-
vened.
When the convention was called to order by Mrs. Mary
Avery Wilkins, President of the hostess Chapter, all sang
"America," standing. A welcome to the city was extended by
Mayor Hugh M. Caldwell, who said he was particularly in-
terested in the Daughters of the Confederacy because he is a
native of Tennessee and his wife and mother members of the
organization.
Captain McCroskey, of John B. Gordon Camp, was most
happy in his words of praise of the Daughters of the Con-
federacy.
The report of the Division President, Mrs. Greenwill,
showed increase in membership, courtesies shown to the vet-
erans in the way of entertainment, and continued interest in
the Hero Fund.
Mrs. A. W. Ollor reported good work and zeal in securing
subscriptions to the Confederate Veteran and in selling the
new book, "Women of the South in War Times."
Miss Julia Fletcher, Director for War Records, reported
that through efforts of the Chapter records of fifty-eight sol-
diers and sailors of Confederate lineage were completed and
filed.
A revision of the constitution was read and submitted to
the Chapters.
The President announced that Mrs. Hainsworth, as dele-
gate of the Robert E. Lee Chapter, would attend the General
Convention, to be held at Asheville, N. C. Mrs. Hainsworth
was then elected to represent the Division at the Asheville
Convention.
^oi?federat^ Ueterap.
35
Sjtatetral Separtment 1. 1. (E.
Vfotto: "Loyalty to the truth of Confederate history."
Cey word : "Preparedness." Flower : The rose.
MRS. A. A. CAMPBELL, HISTORIAN GENERAL.
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR FEBRUARY, 1921.
Southern Ports and Southern Poets.
Charleston: Describe this beautiful harbor and its historic
ociations. Bring out the fact that the attack on Fort Sum-
was the result of the attempt to reenforce the garrison,
pecially consider the duplicity of the Federal administra-
1 in dealing with the commissioners of the Confederate
.tes.
C. OF C. PROGRAM FOR FEBRUARY, 1921.
Robert E. Lee, the Immortal.
itudy his life and try to learn from it the sublime lessons
courage, patriotism, and unselfishness.
THE GALLANT FLETCHER BROTHERS.
BY C. M. SMITH, DELAPLANE. VA.
am writing this as a feeble tribute to the memory of
ee as gallant brothers as ever fought in defense of a right-
is cause, Capt. John Fletcher, Clinton Fletcher, and Robert
tcher, all natives of Loudoun County, Va.
Captain Fletcher was a graduate of the Virginia Military
titute, and, raising a company at the outbreak of the War
ween the States, he was made its captain. This company
}nged to the 7th Virginia Cavalry, commanded by the im-
rtal Col. (afterwards Gen.) Turner Ashby. Clinton
tcher was a private in his brother's company and was
ed at Greenland at the age of nineteen. Captain Fletcher
j: killed at the same time at the head of his company.
i:ir comrades speak in the highest terms of the gallantry
these men and the high esteem in which they were held
f all who served with
n.
.obert Fletcher was
.rivate in Capt. Welby
.ter's company. In
first battle of Ma-
,sas, by some mistake,
■ company was or-
;:d to charge the
ny's line. In their
;it was the New
;k Zouaves, called the
•e Regiment." Draw-
1 his sword and call-
. for his little com-
;S> of forty men, he
them literally into
I jaws of death, rid-
through and over
Zouaves, shooting
sabering them as
went and then
It was a fatal
I ake and, like the Robert fletcher.
charge of the Light Brigade upon the Russian center, cost
in killed and wounded half of this heroic little band. Seven
of his men were killed and thirteen wounded; some twelve
or more horses were killed and a number wounded. Robert
Fletcher received a severe wound in his right arm, shattering
his elbow, which completely disabled him for active service.
Just as soon as he was able he joined his brother's company
and was soon promoted to commissary sergeant. He was
with Captain Fletcher when the latter was killed. In after
years Robert Fletcher told his daughter that the next morn-
ing when the roll was called and so few answered that Cap-
tain Carter cried like a child.
Through an acquaintance with Robert Fletcher of nearly
sixty-seven years, I never knew him to be guilty of an un-
gentlemanly or unmanly act. The Golden Rule was the guid-
ing principle of his life. He was a consistent member of the
Baptist Church at Upperville, Va., charitable to the poor and
needy, and for his good qualities was loved and esteemed by
all who knew him. Nothing will describe the life and char-
acter of this man more truly than these lines :
f
"Friend to truth, of soul sincere,
In action faithful and in honor clear,
Who broke no promise, served no private end,
Who gained no title and lost no friend."
He died at his home, Rose Hill, near Upperville, on April
20, 1911, at the age of seventy-two years. He is survived by
his daughter, Mrs. George H. Slater, and three grandsons.
His death was quiet and peaceful, because he, "like those sus-
tained and soothed by an unfailing trust," approached the
grave "as one who wraps the drapery of his couch about him
and lies down to pleasant dreams."
FAITHFUL IN SERVICE AND SACRIFICE.
A beautiful spirit was set free from its earthly confines
when Martha A. Brown, at Mount Ulla, N. C, on November
IS, 1920, quietly and peacefully passed on to an infinitely
more glorious life.
Intimately associated with the Confederacy, which she
dearly loved and honored, she was soon sorely bereft in the
death of her young husband, James A. Houston, from wounds
received at Fredericksburg. With her baby boy as an addi-
tional incentive, she bravely battled through the remaining
dark years of the war and the no less terrifying months fol-
lowing Lee's surrender, often doing the work of man, woman,
and servants. In January, 1866, she married a much-scarred
and battered veteran of Gettysburg and many other battle
fields and military prisons, G. Henry Brown, who survives
her, as do her sons, John O. Houston and Drs. J. S. and G.
A. Brown.
She was justly proud of her family's Confederate history.
It was an elder sister, Mrs. Caroline Neel, who dared to fol-
low a company of Federals who had taken the young horse,
Montezuma, which proudly drew the bridal couple on their
wedding day. Overtaking them at camp, she boldly loosed
"Montz," mounted him, and rode off home unmolested by the
soldiers, lost in admiration of her bravery. A younger
brother, Capt. W. B. Lowrance, of Columbia, S. C, was
deputized to escort the first Federal prisoner to Richmond.
Another brother was killed on the western front and a
brother-in-law in the east. Her eldest brother, Maj. R. N.
[Continued on page 38.]
36
Qorjfederat^ l/eteran.
Confeberateb Southern /Iftemorial association
Mrs. A. McD. Wilson President General
436 Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Ga.
M ks. C. B. Bryan First Vice President General
Memphis, Tenn.
Miss Sob H. Walker Second Vice President General
Fayetteville, Ark.
Mrs. John E. Maxwell Treasurer General
Seale, Ala.
Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson.... Recording Secretary General
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
Miss Mary A. Hall Historian General
1 137 Greene Street, Augusta, Ga.
Mrs. Bryan W. Collier ..Corresponding Secretary General
College Park, Ga.
Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle Poet Laureate General
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
VICE PRESIDENTS
Alabama — Montgomery Mrs. R. P. Dexter
Arkansas — Fayetteville Mrs. J. Garside Welch
Florida — Pensacola Mrs. Horace L. Simpson
Georgia — Columbus Miss Anna Caroline Benning
Kentucky — Bowling- Green Missjeannie Blackburn
Louisiana — New Orleans Mrs. James Dinkins
Mississippi — Vicksburg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
Missouri — St. Louis Mrs. G. K.Warner
North Carolina— Raleigh Mrs. Robert H.Jones
South Carolina— Charleston Mrs. S. Car}' Beck with
Tennessee — Memphis Mrs. Charles AY. Frazer
Virginia — Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy
NEW YEAR'S GREETING.
My Dear Coworkers: A happy New Year with peace, pros-
perity, and success in all your undertakings. This is my wish
for you.
A new year of promise opens up before us, filled with
opportunities for service. A period of history-making which,
if we grasp and move with the onward sweep of time, will
write on the pages of history in ineffaceable characters the
story of the glory of our matchless heroes. With each suc-
ceeding Memorial Day a more splendid outpouring of our
loyalty and devotion to the sacred mounds where sleep the
valiant sons of the South, until every spot hallowed by the
dust of our martyred heroes shall bear testimonial to future
generations of our faithfulness to duty.
In the performanec of that duty we shall find happiness in
the consciousness of "carrying on" for our sainted mothers
who went down into the valley of the shadow and never
ceased in holding aloft the ideals of patriotic devotion — a de-
votion unsurpassed in the annals of time.
And for the small remnant — the Confederate mothers —
may we cease not in searching for them until the last sur-
viving Confederate mother shall wear upon her breast the
little gold bar of honor as a token of the homage we would
pay to the courage that never faltered, the faith that never
wavered, and the trust in the infinite wisdom that guides and
controls the destinies of men.
Again, all good wishes for a happy new year.
Cordially yours, Mrs. A. McD. Wilson,
President General C. S. M. A.
ASSOCIATION NOTES.
BY LOLLIE BELLE WYLLE.
Another Memorial Association has been added to the list
in the Confederated Southern Memorial Association in that
of a flourishing one at Denver, Colo. The organization was
formed last April with a charter membership of twenty-four,
and since then the Association has more than doubled its
membership. Mrs. W. O. Temple is the President, and she
has an able staff of officers, who are taking great interest in
the development of the work in Denver.
Although but a few weeks old at the time Memorial Day
was observed, May 30, the Denver Memorial Association
joined in the parade, and committees from the Association
visited the four cemeteries, carrying tributes of lovely flowers
in wreaths and clusters, which, with a Confederate and Ameri-
can flag for each grave, were distributed on the mounds
where the Southern heroes lie sleeping.
One of the most important works of this new and en*
thusiastic organization is the plan to place in one of the beau-
tiful parks at Denver in the near future a handsome Con-
federate memorial of some kind. A substantial fund hai
already been raised and will be added to by means of a seriel
of benefit entertainments which will be given during the win-
ter. This Association also keeps in touch with the livinj
Confederate veterans, serving them as opportunity ma}' allow,
and special tribute was shown to the memory of a veteran)
Mr. Headspeth, the father of Mrs. J. H. Beeler, a chartd
member of the Association, whose death occurred since the-
organization was formed. Also special tribute was paid t'J
the wife of Dr. J. M. Norman, head of the Beauregard Camp
who died recently. Mrs. Ethel McElvaine is Secretary of th*
Denver Memorial Association and reports that it is ready t>"
do its work in hearty cooperation with the C. S. M. A., it
official mother.
* * *
Contributions for Bars of Honor. — A number of contrib
tions have been made for the purchasing of the bars of hon
for the Confederate mothers. The Athens Association,
the head of which is Miss Mildred Rutherford, former His
torian General U. D. C, has contributed five dollars. Tt
Junior Memorial at Atlanta, with Miss Willie Fort William
as President, has sent a check for six dollars. The Atlant
Ladies' Memorial Association, Mrs. William A. Wrigh
President, has contributed six dollars for the bars of hono
Miss Sallie Eugenia Brown, daughter of Georgia's War Go'
ernor, Joseph E. Brown, has sent five dollars for the bar (
honor fund, and seventeen dollars was contributed at tJ
Houston Convention by members of the Association. Tl
first contribution given was that of ten dollars by Capt. Jam
Dinkins, of New Orleans. Up to that time the Preside
General had supplied the money for the purchase of the ba
of honor.
* * *
The Bar of Honor. — Confederate mothers are still beii
located and applications made for recognition. The folio'
ing names have been received from Mrs. Frank D. Trac '
General Chairman for Confederate Mothers : Mrs. Ann Eliz
beth Bickley, Talbotton, Ga., aged ninety-four ; Mrs. Eliz
beth Sands, Chatfield, Tex., aged ninety-five; Mrs. Sar
Jane Cain, Salisbury, N. C, aged ninety-two.
It is interesting to note from what widely different parts
the country these applications have come, and it is a gratifit
tion to know that the pleasure of receiving their gold bar
honor comes at this sacred season to cheer them on their w
down the hill of life.
Qoijfederat^ Uefcerai).
37
)N8 OF GONFEDERBTE VETERANS.
Organized in Jcly, 1S96, at Richmond, Va.
OFFICERS, iqiq-20.
r nmander in Chief Nathan Bedford Forrest
ijlutant in Chief Carl Hinton
Utor, J. R. Price 1206 15th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.
! Address all communications to this department to the Edi-
i]
NOTES ON THE CONFEDERATION.
Commander in Chief N. B. Forrest announces the appoint-
nt of Seymour Stewart, St. Louis, Mo., as Chairman of the
"visory Committee S. C. V. The selection of Comrade
vwart for this office is on account of his valuable services
ithe organization. Other members of the committee will
appointed later. Those who will be selected to fill the irri-
tant offices must show pluck, purpose, and the power to
;anize, declares Commander Forrest.
Dr. W. E. Quin, Commander Alabama Division, writes that
: contract for the removal of the first "White House of the
liifederacy" to its permanent site, where it is to be preserved
-der State appropriation, has been signed by Governor Kilby
i filed with the city engineer of Montgomery. As the home
L Jefferson Davis while he was President of the Confeder-
;.: States, it is to be preserved as the depository of the Davis
ics and other historic data of that period.
I. Gwynn Gough, Adjutant of the Sterling Price Camp,
C. V., St. Louis, Mo., has been appointed Division Com-
inder of Missouri. Commander Gough will immediately
jpoint his staff officers and Brigade Commanders. An in-
'lsive membership campaign will be instituted by that Di-
iion.
[ * * *
IMaj. E. W. R. Ewing, of Ballston, Va., and Mr. Westwood
iiitchinson. of Manassas, Va.. trustees of the Manassas bat-
field, have secured a two-year option to purchase the
; operty at $25,000. The enterprise was initiated by Mrs.
r estwood Hutchinson, President of the Manassas Chapter,
D. C, for the purpose of converting the Henry farm into
national memorial park.
* * *
Adjutant General A. B. Booth, of the United Confederate
£terans, has appointed a committee to arrange for the re-
;3val of the body of Mrs. Sarah Knox Davis, first wife of
Resident Jefferson Davis, of the Confederate States of
nerica, from the cemetery at St. Fimncisville, La., to Holly-
3od Cemetery, Richmond, Va.
* * *
A. D. Pope was elected Commander of the Arkansas Di-
sion, S. C. V., at the annual convention, held at Little Rock
1 November IS, 1920. He was appointed the following staff
ficers and Brigade Commanders :
W. N. Brandon, Adjutant and Chief of Staff, Little Rock.
L. B. Hogan, Division Inspector, Russellville.
J. H. Hamilton, Division Quartermaster, Mena.
R. E. Dickson, Division Judge Advocate, Lewisville.
Dr. J. H. Benefield, Division Surgeon, Huntington.
Rev. William B. Hogg, Division Chaplain, Little Rock.
Benjamin Eddins, Commander First Brigade, Jonesboro.
W. B. Lawrence, Commander Second Brigade, Batesville.
F. P. Harris, Commander Third Brigade, Bentonville.
Dr. J. L. Tatum, Commander Fourth Brigade, Locksburg.
A. W. Parke, Commander Fifth Brigade, Little Rock.
E. C. Norton, Commander Sixth Brigade, Star City.
W. L. Jameson, Commander Seventh Brigade, Magnolia.
The Brigade Commanders are directed to institute a cam-
paign to organize new Camps. A copy of the muster roll and
officers of all Camps should be sent to the Division Com-
mander.
* * *
The article on "Drinkwater's Lincoln and History" by Mrs.
F. E. Selph, secretary of the committee appointed by affiliated
Chapters, U. D. C, of Nashville, Tenn., which appears in the
December Veteran, page 461, is a splendid exposition of John
Drinkwater's drama. The calm and impartial reader will, it
is believed, discover therein the grounds on which the South
may be vindicated and the final verdict of history determined
m favor of a gallant but downtrodden and oppressed people.
Mr. Drinkwater himself may, if he will only read the article,
find sufficient reason to doubt his own infallibility and to re-
lent in his bitter persecution of the South. Mrs. Selph for-
ever establishes the character of the Southern people for
loyalty and wipes off the charges of treason and rebellion
from the names and memories of Jefferson Davis, Stonewall
Jackson, Albert Sidney Johnston, Robert E. Lee, and of all
who fought or suffered in the great war of coercion.
* * *
Requirements for Membership S. C. V., General
Constitution, Article IV.
Section 11. All male descendants of those who served in
the Confederate army or navy to the end of the war or who
died in prison or while in actual service or who were killed
in battle or who were honorably retired or discharged shall
be eligible for membership in the Camps of this Confedera-
tion, provided no member under sixteen years of age shall
have the right to vote, provided no member shall be admitted
under twelve years of age.
Section 12. Every Camp shall exact satisfactory proof of
the above from each applicant and secure a certified copy of
the ancestor's record on a suitable blank in duplicate, one
copy to be retained by the Camp and the other forwarded to
general headquarters for preservation.
Proof of Service.
The service of the ancestor may be shown in one of the
following ways :
( 1 ) Certificate of two surviving comrades.
(2) Certificate of Secretary of a Camp of the U. C. V. In
such event it is presumed the ancestor's record has been in-
vestigated and passed for membership in said Camp.
(3) Certificate from the United States War Department,
Washington, D. C, or from the official custodian of the ex-
tant official record in the State in which enlisted or served.
(4) Citation, as indicated, of some published original ros-
ters or other authentic work with evidence of identity.
(5) By attaching original or certified copy of some docu-
ment in the possession of the family from which service ap-
pears.
(6) Affidavit of two reliable persons certifying to the fact
and particulars of service.
Direction to Applicant.
The data called for in the blanks must be prepared with
extreme care. Effort should be made to obtain as much de-
tail as possible concerning the ancestor's service. If there is
not sufficient space in the blank, attach additional sheets of
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
same size. Blanks should be filled in with typewriter or very
legibly written with ink. All certificates or other evidences
are to be procured or supplied by the applicant.
* * *
In addition to the amount previously announced as a con-
tribution toward a fund to be used to enlarge the work of
the organization for the current year, Seymour Stewart,
Chairman of the Advisory Committee, and the Sterling Price
Camp, St. Louis, Mo., have given $100 each.
"WOMEN OF THE SOUTH IN WAR TIMES."
MANAGING EDITOR MATTHEW PAGE ANDREWS, 849 PARK AVENUE,
BALTIMORE, MD.
Favorable comment has been made by some of the leading
newspapers of the country on the new book which adds some
more chapters to the story of the courage of Southern women
in days of war. The Baltimore Sun refers to it as "a val-
uable contribution to history and literature," and says further :
"It is a book edited and written without rancor, and one of
the strongest impressions made upon the reader is that it
reveals the inmost thoughts of a Chrsitian people bearing the
burdens and sufferings resultant upon a state of war. It is
a book that will be read with keenest interest both North
and South."
The Boston Transcript says: "It is well to look back upon
the war days from the standpoint of the South, and, so look-
ing, we may see some features once hidden from our gaze
and may understand more fully the position of those whom
we once regarded as devoid of all honesty and faith. Hence
it is well to read these reminiscences written by women of
the South, in whose minds the days of the early sixties are
yet vivid recollections. We have begun to appreciate the
thought that the question of slavery had in it quite as much
of the economic as of 'the moral, and there are many in the
North to-day who cannot avoid the feeling that that great
question might have been solved without bloodshed."
In a short review of the book Dr. J. H. McNeilly says :
"It is the story of numberless heroisms in the face of con-
stantly increasing difficulties and dangers. We are all proud
of the Red Cross and its glorious work in the recent great
World War; but those Southern women of the Confederacy,
without general organization, in cities and villages, in lonely
homes, denying themselves of all comforts, were busy day
and night ministering to sick and wounded, comforting the
bereaved and sorrowing, burying the dead, and all the while
thrilling our soldiers with the inspiration of their courage
and hope."
Chapters U. D. C. are vying with one another in placing
copies of this book. The Laetitia Ashmore Nutt Chapter, at
Fort Myers, Fla., has done particularly well. Mrs. William
F. Gwynne is Historian of this Chapter, but gives credit for
what it has done to Mrs. B. J. Bond, State Distributor for
Florida. The Amelia Chapter, at Chester, Va., also deserves
special mention for its work through Mrs. R. H. Bruce, His-
torian.
The following State copies have been delivered : Virginia,
Tennessee, New York, Alabama, South Carolina, Kentucky.
Massachusetts, Texas, Washington, Illinois, Georgia, Ohio.
West Virginia, Mississippi. The managing editor asks that
those who were to receive copies for the other States will
please send him their names and addresses for proper de-
livery. These State copies are sold at $5, the extra money to
be used for purposes of publicity for the volume itself.
FAITHFUL IN SERVICE AND SACRIFICE.
(Continued from page 35.)
Lowrance, deceased, and her youngest brother S. A. Low-
rance, of Clearwater, Fla., were also gallant Confederates.
Though her love for the Southern cause was deep and
tender, her greatest love, barring that for her Master and
her family, was shown for Back Creek Church, where she
was born and reared, where for seventy years she was an
active worker and Sunday school teacher, where she was
most affectionately loved, as attested by the great concourse
at her funeral, and where her body now rests in peace. A
mother in Israel, a good Samaritan, one who forgot self in
her zeal to be of service to her fellow man, one altogether
lovely has gone to her rich reward.
A QUICK RECOVERY.
BY HANCOCK TAYLOR, LOUISVILLE, KY.
The mention of the Hatcher River in the November Vet-
eran by G. M. Douglas reminded me of an occurrence at that
place on the same day that child was found. I was adjutant
of Stirman's Regiment of Phifer's Brigade, Maury's Di-
vision, Price's command. I was in the rear of the column
when we reached the bridge and our command crossed it.
I was under the impression that our command was the first
to cross, but after moving a short distance I heard firing
some distance ahead and saw a rider coming toward us very
fast, and I stopped on the roadside that I might find out what
was going on ahead. As the rider approached quite near a
very large man carrying a flag started across the road, and,
as it often occurred, the flag bearer and the rider commenced
maneuvering to avoid a collision, but they came together.
The horse knocked the color bearer a considerable distance,
turned a somersault, throwing his rider over his head. The
rider jumped up, with his long red whiskers full of dust, and
said, "I tried to avoid it," then started after his horse. The
color bearer, lying down, cried out, "O Lord!" and just then
a basketful of canister shot was scattered along the road
pretty close to the actors in this scene. I don't know what
became of the rider and horse, but I do know the color bearer
ceased his moaning and struck for tall timber.
The scene was so ludicrous that I could not help laughing.
But for the fall of canister I have no doubt the color bearer
would have been carried from the scene on a stretcher. This
shows the effect of circumstances in an emergency.
About four weeks after this I was in Jackson, Miss., dis-
cussing occurrences under certain circumstances with a lot of
soldiers, and I told of this amusing incident, when a tall,
handsome, red-whiskered gentleman said : "I can vouch for
that, for I am the man who was on the horse." His name
was McFarland. of Texas. I hope he still lives. Mr. Doug-
las said he did not know why we were thrown across the
bridge. Neither do I, but I presume it was for the purpose of
keeping the enemy back until our army could cross and con-
tinue the march to our line.
A Confederate Sword. — A. H, Starke, of Chicago, 111.
(6236 Greenwood Avenue), has in his possession a sword
which he thinks should be returned to the original owner or
his heirs. There is an inscription on the blade, not very clear,
which he has deciphered as "Capt. Charles H. Granger, 32d
Ala. Regt., C. S. A." He is not certain of the name, but it j
begins with "G" and ends "er." He will appreciate hearing
from any one who can aid him in locating the owner.
Qoi} federate Ueterai)
39
INTERRUPTED.
Into the midst of the music,
The joy, and the fullness of life
There swept a strange clangor ; then silence,
A stillness more startling than strife.
We heard not the sound of the trumpets ;
The bugles died out on the blast.
Could we march in that desolate waiting
For the thrill of a song that was past?
Could we work while our comrades no longer
Breathed courage and hope in the ear?
Could we triumph when sorrow and sighing
Had palsied our hearts, until fear
Swept over our souls like the shadow
Of some brooding evil to come.''
Alas ! we were stricken ; the music
That had given us courage was dumb.
Then down from the beautiful heaven
A wore} came, the word of the Lord ;
And it struck on our languor and trouble
A dominant, silvery chord.
"Stay not for the music," it bade us ;
"The music has only gone on.
You will hear it again in the glory
That waits when the day's work is done."
So now, though but faintly and seldom
We hear the sweet bugle call blow,
We march in the path of our Leader,
Marked out in the conflict of woe.
Some day we will hear the grand choral,
Some day we will stand on the shore
Where the comrades already are waiting —
The music has gone on before.
WHY SO NAMED?
Col. John C. Stiles, of Brunswick, Ga., writes that the fol-
lowing Mississippi troops took part in the War between the
States, and if any survivors are left of these organizations
he asks that they give through the Veteran the reason for
such designations :
Abe's Rejectors, Blackland Giddeonites, Brown Rebels,
Buena Vista Hornets, Chunkey Heroes, Cold Water Rebels,
De Soto Brothers, Dixie Heroes, Ellisville Invincibles, Fish-
ing Creek Avengers, Hancock Rebels, Impressibles, Jasper
Avengers, Kemper Rebels, Lafayette Rebels, Marion Men,
Mississippi Rip Raps, Mrs. Body Guard, Oktibbeha Plow
Boys, Plentitude Invincibles, Rankin Rough and Readys, Red
Invincibles, Rockport Steel Blades, Secessionists, Sons of the
South, Southern Sentinels, Sunflower Dispensers, True Con-
federates, White Rebels, Yankee Hunters, Attala Yellow
Jackets, Buckner Boys, Buckner Rebels, Center Marksmen,
Coahoma Invincibles, Copiah Rebels, Dixie Boys, Edwards
Tigers, Enterprise Tigers, Gaines's Warriors, Helen John-
ston Guards, Johnston Avengers, Kossuth Hunters, Loula
White Rebels, Meridian Invincibles, Mississippi Yankee Hunt-
ers, Newton Hornets, Panola Patriots, Prairie Guards, Ray-
mond Invincibles, Red Rovers, Scotland Guards, Sons of
Liberty, Southern Farmers, Spartan Band, Tippah Tigers,
Tullahoma Hardshells, Union Stars, Yankee Terrors.
Mrs. D. P. Craddock, 408 Grand Ave-
iue, Eldorado, 111., wishes to hear from
ome comrades of William C. Craddock,
vho served a year in Company F, 7th
cegiment of Tennessee Volunteers.
?heir testimony is needed to establish
is record, and she needs a pension.
J. N. Anthony writes from Kansas
'ity, Mo., in behalf of the widow of
'ranklin M, Tulley, a Missourian, seek-
ag to ascertain his record as a Con-
ederate soldier. She is in great need
nd can get a pension by knowing his
Dmpany and regiment. Any surviving
omrades will please write to Mr. An-
iony at 3243 Thompson Street.
The sketch of Dr. M. D. Sterrett in
le Veteran for November, referring
i his membership in the Phi Gamma
elta Fraternity, brings inquiry from
unes A. Farrell, Field Secretary of
lat fraternity, as to other veterans of
e Confederacy who may have been
embers of it in their college days.
• e will be pleased to hear from such
:terans or members of the families of
ose not surviving. Address him at
j Broadway, New York City.
Make yourself a present of the sav-
ings habit. You can get the habit by
buying Treasury Savings Stamps every
pay day. Government savings securities
will be on sale throughout 1921.
Mrs. R. A. Williams, of Batesville,
Ark., would appreciate hearing from
any comrades of her husband, Robert
Andrew Williams, who served in Com-
pany B, of Wirt Adams's Tennessee
regiment. His right leg was amputated
at Clinton, Miss. She needs a record
of his service in order to get into the
Confederate Home of Arkansas.
Mrs. Claudia F. Smith, 25 Rhode Is-
land Avenue Northwest, Washington,
D. C, wishes to establish the record of
her husband, James Allen Smith, of
Georgia, who was wounded in the fight-
ing around Atlanta, and was in the hos-
pital for awhile before being captured
later and sent to Fort Delaware. Any
surviving comrades will kindly write
her as to his company and regiment.
He served under Johnston and Hood,
and she thinks his enlistment was from
Quitman County, Ga., formerly a part
of Randolph County. •- ,
Surviving comrades of John Albert
Parrish, who joined Britton's company
of the 10th Tennessee, Starnes's old
regiment, in October, 1863, will please
give their testimony as to his service so
that he may get a pension, of which he
is in great need. Write to Mrs. N. W.
Jones, Box 647, Brady, Tex.
John Watson writes from Princeton,
N. J. : "No magazine is more welcome
in our house than the Veteran, Al-
though I date much later than the war,
I like to read it ; and since my children
are growing up remote from the South
and its sentiment and traditions, I think
it only fair to them to give them oppor-
tunity to read the Veteran regularly."
J. B. Webster, Box 113, Marlin,
Wash., would like to hear from any
surviving comrades of his brother, J.
M. Webster, who was a member of
Company H, Caldwell's Regiment, Par-
son's Brigade, Missouri Volunteers,
and took part in the battles of Oak
Hills, Elkhorn, Prairie Grove, and was
then transferred across the Mississippi
and participated in the battle of Corinth,
siege"of ■Vicksburg, etc.
40 Qoi?federat^ l/eterap.
WANTED: 100 VETERANS
to Become Partners of General Lee
BY REMEMBERING HIM IN THEIR WILLS
The United Confederate Veterans, by unanimous action of the Atlanta and Houston
Conventions, with the help„of the Sons and Daughters of the Confederacy, are raising a
LEE MEMORIAL FUND
AS THEIR LAST TRIBUTE TO THEIR GREAT COMMANDER
his fund is to endow his School of Civil and Highway Engineering and his School of
uurnalism and to house them in a noble memorial building, which shall be a hall of fame
to commemorate General Lee and the donors who thus become for all time his partners.
Also to furnish his mausoleum with a suitable custodian, enlarge his chapel, and enable
his university to carry on his life work and teach to future generations the principles and
id*als that were exemplified in his matchless character.
As one part of its work the Veterans' Committee wishes to find one hundred veterans or
other loyal admirers who will remember General Lee in their wills. WILL YOU BE ONE
OF THESE?
A WORD TO EVERY VETERAN
Pc.naps you have watched with adoring pride your great general amid the smoke and
UiurJer of the battle field, have shared with him the glory of victory, and borne with him
the heavy burden of defeat. As you recall his splendid leadership, his devotion to his
battle comrades, the matchless majesty of his character, your heart thrills with love and
pride and gratitude.
Do you not wish, before you join him on the other side, to show your love, to honor his
memory, and to help carry on his great life work? His institution is not only the inheritor
of his name and the guardian of his tomb, but is his living representative, training the sons
of his comrades in the ideals and traditions that constitute the greatness of the Old South.
We wish to place on bronze tablets in the Lee Memorial Building the names of one hun-
dred of his friends who have become for all time his working partners by remembering
him in their wills. Surely you cannot find anywhere a nobler partner in honor or in service.
Will you join him for all time in this lofty service? Then add these few lines to your will:
"As a codicil to the above last will and testament, that I may honor General Lee's mem-
ory and carry on his life work, I give and bequeath to Washington and Lee University the
sum f "dollars, as part of the LEE MEMORIAL FUND."
Then write the following note :
Secretary Lee Memorial Fund, Lexington, Va.
My Dear Sir: I hereby notify you to enter my name as one of the hundred
veterans who have remembered General Lee in their wills.
(Signed)
(Mailing address)
Make the amount great or small, as your heart may prompt or your means decide. The
amount is not so important. It is the fact of partnership that counts.
Or, if you prefer, write the Secretary for further information about the movement be-
fore making up your mind.
Veterans' National Committee:
Capt. John Lamb, Virginia. Gen. William A. Clark, South Carolina.
Gen. W. B. Freeman, Virginia. Gen. K. M. Van Zandt, Texas.
Col. John Q. Dickinson, West Virginia. Judge George B. Hillyer, Georgia.
Gen. Julian S. Carr, North Carolina.
Acting Secretary : Henry Louis Smith, Lexington, Va.
Confederate l/eterap.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN
THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
ntered as second-class matter at the post office at Nashville, Tenn,
under act of March 3, 1S79.
.cceptance of mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Sec
;tionii03, act of October 3, 1917, and authorized on July 5, 191b.
ublished by the Trustees of the Confederate Veteran, Nash
ville, Tenn.
OFFICIALLT REPRE. :ENTS :
United Confederate Veterans,
United Daughters of the Confederacy,
Sons of Veterans and Other Organizations,
Confederated Southern Memorial Association.
Though men deserve, they may not win, success;
The brave will honor the brave, vanquished none the less.
kice, Jl.50 per Year,
ingle Copy", 15 Cents.
Vol. XXIX. NASHVILLE, TENN., FEBRUARY, 1921.
No. 2.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM,
Founder.
■EROIC DEFENSE OF BRIDGE AT STEPHENSON'S
DEPOT, VA.
A handsome bronze tablet, set in a huge granite bowlder,
ow marks the place of one of the most heroic engagements
f the War between the States, that of the defense of the
ridge near Stephenson's Depot, Va., June 15, 1863, by Col.
lichard Snowden Andrews with two guns from his battalion,
'his memorial tablet is the tribute of Mrs. Caroline Snowden
'.'ahnestock, of Washington, D. C, and Charles Lee Andrews,
If New York City, daughter and son of Colonel Andrews,
3 the memory of their father and the brave men who fought
nder him. It is located on a part of the old Stephenson
omestead and near the Martinsburg Pike and was unveiled
n December 4, 1920, with appropriate exercises. Among
hose in attendance were J. W. Owens, of Annapolis, and
I. T. Richardson, of Baltimore, who are now the only sur-
ivors of that heroic band.
The defense of this bridge by Colonel Andrews with two
;uns virtually stopped Milroy's army on its course to Har-
per's Ferry. Four unsuccesful attempts were made to carry
t, but at great loss to the defenders. General Lee said that
he heroic sacrifice of those brave men there made it a second
Thermopylae.
It was on the 15th of June, 1863, that Colonel Andrews was
ordered to make a detour to the east of Winchester to occupy
he Martinsburg road and intercept Milroy in his retreat.
Colonel Andrews stationed the two guns of Dement's Battery
it a bridge over the railroad cut near Stephenson's Depot
inder command of Lieut. C. S. Contee, with orders to hold
:he bridge as long as there was a man left. He then rode
Dff to another part of the field, but returned in a short time
sadly wounded in the arm. Lieutenant Contee, though shot
ihrough both legs, raised himself and said : "Colonel, I have
j sergeant and two men, and the enemy is retreating." Every
nan but three was killed or wounded, but they had practically
stopped an army. The gallantry of the lieutenant and men
was so conspicuous that they were reported by name to Gen-
eral Lee. After thirteen of the fifteen cannoneers were either
■killed or disabled and both Colonel Andrews and Lieutenant
'Contee wounded, Lieut. John A. Morgan, of the 1st North
( Carolina, and Randolph H. McKim (for many years rector
of the Epiphany Protestant Episcopal Church of Washing-
ton, who died in 1920) took their places.
The names of the men who participated in this fight are
engraved on the tablet, as follows : Lieut. C. S. Contee, Lieut.
John A. Morgan, Lieut. R. H. McKim, Sergt. John Harris,
Corp. William P. Compton, Corp. Samuel Thompson, Robert
Chew, William Koester, Charles Pease, A. J. Albert, Jr..
William T. Wotten, James Yates, J. H. J. Langsdale, J. R.
Buchanan, B. W. Owens, Sergt. John Glasscoke, Corp. W.
H. May, Corp. Charles Harris, Thomas Moore, William
Gorman, F. Frayer, William Wilson, Samuel Thomas, R. T.
Richardson, William Sherburne, James Owens, William Dal-
ian, and Joseph Mockabee.
At the dedication of this memorial an address was made
by J. W. Owens, one of the two survivors, who gave a
thrilling description of the engagement in the following:
"It is early dawn. Off in front you hear the crack of
musketry of the opposing force driving in our pickets. In
this road to the rear you see a battalion of artillery standing
at rest. The men, wearied by an all-night march, are lean-
ing against the fences, sleeping in their tracks. You hear the
voice of Colonel Andrews ring out: 'Attention, battalion!
Drivers, mount ! Cannoneers, to your post ! Trot out !
March!' And you see that battalion, Andrews in the lead,
come thundering up the road to this bridge and hear the or-
der : 'In battery, action, front!' The drivers swing to the
left and the cannoneers unlimber the Nos. 1 and 2 guns and
place one on the bridge, the other a short distance to the left.
Our pickets have been driven in, and you see there in our front
a long blue line advancing, and then you hear the order:
'Load and fire at will ! Commence firing !' The guns thun-
der and the leaden hail mows down the ranks of the ad-
vancing foe. They press on, they waver, they fall back, but,
rallied by their officers, they advance again, again are met
with iron and leaden hail ; again they fall back, again advance,
and thus they charge us four times, only to be driven back
again and again. At the last charge they are within sixty
yards of us. Our canister is exhausted, and our case shots
are cut to explode at a quarter of a second, and swathes are
mowed in their ranks like grain before a reaper.
"But I have been wounded, and I call to Corporal May to
put another man in my place at the gun and to get off the
44
^oi)federat^ l/efcerai).
field. Fearing to be shot in the back, I ran from tree to tree
and reached the road in the rear just as the old Stonewall
Brigade came up in 'quick time,' and I called to General
Walker to get his men to the front in double quick ; that the
Yanks were presing our left and would take our guns. My
appeal was silently ignored. General Walker saw that I was
wounded and naturally thought me demoralized ; but vindica-
tion came on the moment when one of General Johnson's
aids came dashing down the road and made my request an
order. And your ears are thrilled now when you hear the
old brigade give its Rebel yell. They turn the Federal right
flank, and the battle is fought and won. Colonel Andrews,
in giving some final orders while mounted on his horse, is
shot by a sharpshooter from our right.
"Gen. Edward Johnson was apparently a man without emo-
tion, but he came to the house back of our line, where our
wounded had been taken, and the tears glistened in his eyes,
and his voice was full of emotion as he said: 'Men of the
1st Maryland, you have been fighting like men of your own
State and have captured a stand of Maryland colors. They
rightfully belong to you, and you shall have them.'
"But %ve are here to speak of Andrews and the 1st Mary-
land Battery. Colonel Andrews was one of the first Mary-
landers to espouse the cause of the South. The battery was
mustered in on the 13th of July, 1861, eight days before the
battle of Bull Run. He drew the plans for the guns, which
were cast by the Tredegar Iron Works, of Richmond. The
battery did picket duty on the Potomac during the winter of
1861-62 and did great damage to Federal boats and trans-
ports. In the spring of 1862 it went with the army to Wil-
liamsburg. Mechanicsville was the first battle of the seven
days' fighting before Richmond, and old No. 1 gun fired the
signal for the attack. Captain Andrews was slightly wounded
there, but on the 9th of August he was at Cedar Mountain,
and there received a wound from which his recovery was a
triumph of mind over matter. Promoted to major, in the
spring of 1863 he took command of the battalion, held Sedg-
wick in check at second Fredericksburg (a part of the Chan-
cellorsville fight), and on June 15, 1863, Lieutenant Colonel
Andrews was again wounded on this battle field. On the
6th of June he was again in command of the battalion at
Hagerstown. His last active service was at Payne's Farm,
November 27, 1863, and Mine Run, December 1. and then he
was detailed for special duty in Europe.
"Snowden Andrews belonged to a galaxy of as chivalrous
men as the world has ever produced, Maryland men. * * *
Maryland had 22,000 men in the Confederate army. They
came from the marts of trade, from colleges, the farms and
the mills, the forge and the work bench. They were volun-
teers !
"And now a thought of sadness comes. On that tablet are
the names of only two who have not gone over the river to
rest under the shade of the trees, and of all the splendid man-
hood of the 1st Maryland Battery only five survive."
Colonel Andrews came of a military family, and he was a
firm believer in military preparedness. He was born in Wash-
ington, D. C, on October 29, 1830, the son of Timothy Patrick
Andrews and Emily Roseville Snowden. Going to Baltimore
in 1849, he established himself as an architect and had a part
in making plans for the Governor's mansion at Annapolis
and many other important buildings of the time. Some time
before the war came on he learned all he could about artil-
lery, and when the war clouds finally lowered he copied the
plans of the Federal guns at Baltimore, which had been pat-
terned by those used by Napoleon, and went to Richmond,
where he designed the guns and had them cast by the Trede-
gar Iron Works. These were the first cannon made for the
Confederacy.
While the guns were being cast and mounted he organized
the 1st Maryland Light Artillery in Richmond, and this was
afterwards known as Andrews's Battery. This he took into
the service as its captain, and in its every engagement it
gave a splendid account of itself.
Captain Andrews was promoted to major in June, 1862,
for his courageous bearing in the fighting around Richmond.
When in August of that year Brig. Gen. Charles S. Winder
was mortally wounded, Major Andrews was near and caught
him as he fell, the General dying in his arms.
Major Andrews was severely wounded during the battle
of Cedar Mountain, but recovered and again was in the field.
In March, 1863, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Late
in that year he was again so severely wounded that he was
unfit for further active service, and on the recommendation
of General Lee he and Col. Thomas S. Rhett were sent to
England, France, and Germany to inspect and purchase guns
for the Confedrate army.
Colonel Andrews died in Baltimore in 1903. His grand-
sons served with great credit in the army and navy during the
World War.
PARTNERS OF GENERAL LEE.
At the business meeting held by Camp No. 435, U. C. V.,
of Augusta, Ga., on January 19, immediately following the
exercises in commemoration of the one hundred and thirteenth
anniversary of General Lee, the Camp voted to appropriate
one hundred dollars toward the Lee Memorial Fund of Wash-
ington and Lee University at Lexington, Va., and thus be-
come partners with General Lee in furthering his plans for a
great educational institution that would be a perpetual benefit
to the South and her people.
This splendid action of the Camp was reported to the
Veteran by Hon. John M. Clark, a prominent Confederate
ef Augusta, and it is here placed on record as an example
worthy to be followed by other Camps of the United Confed-
erate Veterans, as well as by individuals all over the South.
What greater memorial could be established than one which
would carry on the plans of the immortal Lee, who refused
all financial advantage for himself that he might devote the
remainder of his life to training the young men of the South
to become leaders in their respective positions in life? This
memorial not only perpetuates the name and fame of the
peerless Lee, but it will be of practical benefit to generations
of Southern and American youth for countless ages. It is a
memorial to the past, the present, and the future.
MAJ. GEORGE IV. LITTLEFIELD.
The death of Maj. George W. Littlefield, of" Austin, Tex.,
removes one of the most prominent of Confederate veterans,
a leading citizen of his State, known for his wide philan-
thropy and especially for his liberal contributions to the
cause of education and in the interest of Southern history.
His active service for the Confederacy was with Terry's
Texas Rangers, and he had been made life commander of the
Survivors' Association. A sketch of this comrade will appear
in the Veteran later.
Qopfederat^ Uefcerai).
45
ROBERT EDWARD LEE.
BY WILLIAM HERVEY WOODS, WINCHESTER, VA.
Since Sumter's sudden gun
Oped Janus's doors and peace affrighted fled,
Now to its noon a century has run,
And o'er the mellowing ramparts of old strife
Tangle of wild woodvines
And tiny sword blades of Virginian pines
Have fifty years of soft oblivion spread.
Long spent the pride, the mutual hate is dead
That flung th' embattled lines
And struck two-handed at the common life ;
And with them vanished clean
The clouds that long-time brethren rolled between.
And now in clear skies, like some mountain head
With morning blazoned,
One great name grows and grows
And greatlier shows
Its lonely grandeur and unsullied snows
As we remotelier tread.
Not all mine own my singing
Of one no praise made nor dispraise can mar;
These broken notes late springing
Echo a voice afar —
When God says, "Good," on his own work again,
Behooves men add, "Amen !"
In Lee long gentlehood
That sometime stood
In ancient English park and pleasance, flowered ;
To manly rectitude
Birth had devoted him, as instinct dowered;
High on time's sky line nature's hand had ranged him,
Heroic outlines to disclose to men.
And Fortune's smile or frown could naught have changed him
Who grandly chose, nor once looked back again —
Chose, at stark cost
Of well-won honors by that choosing lost,
And doorways barred on dazzling paths to fame —
Chose, where before him States and statesmen faltered
And had to-morrow altered
To-day's best judgment and with no man's blame —
Chose, not in blindness
To ills all eyes could see,
Nor yet in pique nor anger nor unkindness,
But in sad verity
As that voice in him bade that bears God's name.
Would ye, O men who fought him,
Would ye he had not stood
For that his own heart taught him
With such high hardihood?
What more, what other, could a man white-minded
Than heed the one voice 'twixt us and the clod
And in a mad world by mad passions blinded
Keep faith with his own soul and faith with God?
What more, what else, could you
Who wore the blue?
We thought the palm was won
And our race finished ere 'twas well begun
In Washington ;
And, having him, with quiet heart we labored,
Rough-hewing in our forests vast the State,
Not ill content to wait
2*
Till the world matched him and our chief, was neighbored
By one whom nations over sea called great ;
They have not found him this long century;
And now come we, since nowhere else is mate,
Our chief unfellowed fellowing with Lee.
Fellowing? What more who knows?
The other name full-orbed shines, a moon
Already at its noon,
The younger, parting
Long clouds that hid, but could not quench it, darting
Day, like the day star grows.
Immortal pair ! The rivers of the world
Run envying. Tiber and Thames and Nile
And lisping streams that lapse to seas impearled
With storied cliffs and many a haunted isle,
Minstrels and troubadours of old have been
Of man's fast-passing glory,
And all themselves have seen.
What tales could Pishon and Euphrates tell
Of Babylonian days
Or dim beginnings of our Eden story,
And what strange, sad, far-reaching things befell
Ere they and Gihon and young Hiddekel
Went out of Paradise their parted ways !
Yet unto none of them
Potomac yields, though youngest of them all,
But, moving one of them,
Swings round the world in mood majestical
Alike in tropic breezes
Or where the moon-faced Aleut's breathing freezes
In frosty fringes round his sealskin hood,
Singing, while winds blow and white waters run:
"A double argosy rides on my flood ;
I lave Mount Vernon's wood,
I linger past white-pillared Arlington."
Ye men of swords,
Captain and Paladin and bygone King,
Whose names gray cities wear and sages sing.
Under the darkening arches of the past
Taking j-our rest, sleep 3'e henceforth untroubled ;
The test your fame affords,
When some new warrior by your deeds is classed —
Till now to find his prowess in you doubled —
The world outgrows at last ;
Not now young Alexander
Nor the slim Corsican with his lank curls
Lights men to daring, but this gray Commander,
Who, flouting every rule
But that of genius, cabined in no school,
Parting his line, in stern effrontery hurls
Jackson and bellowing panic on his foes.
Not now do Zama's sands nor Moscow's snows
New captains lesson in reverse, distress.
But that calm power the great Virginian shows.
The fertile, swift, invulnerable skill,
And dauntless will
With which to his foredoomed end he goes
Through the dread thickets of the Wilderness,
The rags, wounds, famine, ruin of the close —
Close of the strife, but springing of his fame.
And this one name
Still grows and grows
Till manhood's sun and war's epitome
Blaze through the Iliad in that one word — Lee !
4 6
Qopfederat^ 1/eterap.
THREE . CHARLESTON POETS.
BY MRS. A. A. CAMPBELL. HISTORIAN GENERAL U. D. C.
Charleston is a unique American city, cosmopolitan in its
architecture, its fragrant gardens, and even in its names.
Calhoun carries one back to Clan Colquhoun of Dumbar-
ton, Chisholm also suggests the heather, Huger is Huguenot,
and so one might go through the list, while the city itself
seems, like Venice, to rise out of the sea.
Your true Charlestonian is not flattered by the suggestion
that his ancestors came from James River. This coveted dis-
tinction leaves him cold and confirms the impression that
Charleston is a place which indulges in some local pride. It
is a center in which music and literature have flourished con-
tinuously as in no other Southern city. Three Charlestonians,
born and bred, poets of ability, who were friends and con-
temporaries, have shed peculiar luster upon its annals — Wil-
liam Gilmore Simms, Henry Timrod, and Paul Hamilton
Hayne. Their lives were in decided contrast, save that all
three were fortunate in finding loving helpmeets and were
equally overwhelmed in the destruction which befell their
country. Simms was the dean of the little coterie in years
and in the extent of his literary fertility. Born in 1806. dying
in 1873, his life extended over a varied vista. In his novels
are reflected much of the pioneer history of his section and
in his poems its supreme tragedy. Edgar Allan Poe. who
was a discriminating critic, pronounced him the best artist
America has produced since Cooper. Indeed, "The Yemassee"
ranks with 'The Last of the Mohicans." Fashions change,
and few read the novels of Simms now ; probably he is rarely
thought of as a prose writer. One biographer declares that
he wrote much verse and a few poems. Surely "The Last
Pleiad," "The Burden of the Desert," and "The Song of
the Zephyr" are in the latter class. Those who are sufficient-
ly intrigued by the life of Simms to pursue it beyond the
bounds of a few concise sketches will find Prof. William P.
Trent's biography illuminating. Professor Trent is accused
of being strictly accurate, and in consequence the ardor of the
special pleader eludes him. Very few persons (especially
poets) look their best in a baldly veracious record. A little
idealizing, a sympathetic interpretation of mistakes, a pro-
found realization that to understand all is to pardon all
creates a desirable background. The commentary of Simms
upon himself was : "Here lies one who, after a reasonably long
life, distinguished chiefly by incessant labor, left all his bet-
ter works undone." Hayne said of him : "The man is greater
than his works." One of his best deeds was the publication
in 1866 of "The War Poetry of the South." There one finds
the ballads which sprang from the heart of a people fired
with patriotic zeal in the defense of principles for which
they staked their lives. There, too, are the pathetic prophecies
which seemed to fail at Appomattox, but which in a broader
sense may achieve fulfillment, and there too are the dirges for
the unreturning brave. The book has long been out of print.
It can never be duplicated, and those who possess a copy
should treasure it.
Henry Timrod was born in 1829 and died in 1867. He is
pronounced by Hamilton W. Mabie one of the truest lyric
poets that have yet appeared in this country. Certainly
"Ethnogenesis" is an example of lofty and sustained poetic
conception not easily paralleled in any language, "The Cot-
ton Boll" is a gem, and "Carolina" and "Charleston" are vivid
in their intensity. Timrod and Hayne were at school together,
and the friendship then begun continued with deepening ten-
derness, entwining their lives inseparably. The Southern
Literary Messenger, of Richmond, and Russell's Magazine.
which had a brief career, and a few leading newspapers were
the only Southern markets for literature. When they ceased
the Carolina poets were dependent upon the Atlantic Monthly
and other Northern publications for the sale of their literary
wares. To Timrod the war was the ultimate calamity. It
annihilated even the opportunity to support his family. Who
in that stricken land would buy poetry when it was a prob-
lem to secure necessities? The Atlantic was not y-et in a
mood to accept contributions from Southern writers, so the
inexorable law of supply and demand laid an embargo on the
Muses. "Poor Timrod is swallowed up in disaster," writes
Simms to Hayne. The poor shanty occupied by Hayne in the
Georgia pines was a refuge for a few happy weeks before the
end. Just a little while before he entered the eternal silence
Timrod repeated a few lines from his poem "A Common
Thought" :
"Somewhere on this earthly planet.
In the dust of flowers to be,
In the dewdrop, in the sunshine,
Sleeps a solemn day for me.
In a dim and murky chamber
I am breathing life away;
Some one draws a curtain softly.
And I watch the broadening day."
The ode to the Confederate dead, "Sleep Sweetly in Your
Humble Graves," is a faultless poem, a fitting epitaph for Tim-
rod himself.
Paul Hamilton Hayne, "the king poet of the Old South,"
was the survivor among the three friends, and it was his
pious care to cherish their memory, and especially to guard
the fame of Timrod. Unlike Simms, he sprang from the
Charleston aristocracy, and its inmost citadel was open to
him. Unlike Timrod, he inherited sufficient means to make
literature the pursuit of his leisure and not his support. The
war changed all that. It left his beautiful home and fine
library in ashes and swept away every vestige of his fortune.
Rather than endure the continued reminder of "the things
that are no more," he exiled himself to a small, wind-swept
hillside not far from Augusta, Ga., which he called "Copse
Hill." There he and his wife and a son, who inherited some
of the father's talents, lived in the cabin which he referred
to as the shanty. He had made his choice expressed in the
lines :
"Yet would I rather in the outward state
Of song's immortal temple lay me down
A beggar basking by that radiant gate
Than bend beneath the haughtiest empire's crown !"
There was nothing to soothe the howling of the figurative
wolf but the mellow cadence of his verse, and if the means
of subsistence were not absolutely precarious, it was chiefly
because Copse Hill was a place of high thinking and very
plain living. To this small house of a great poet came many
letters closely linking him with the choice ministrants of that
altar of poetry to which he had consecrated his life. The
spirit of reconciliation, the dominant note of his later years,
breathed in the pure loveliness of his sonnet to Longfellow
and his tribute to Whittier. Two of his latest poems were
exquisite, "A Little While I Fain Would Linger," with its
reluctance to depart upon the unknown, and the triumphant
valedictory, "In Harbor" —
Qogfederat^ Ueterai).
47
"There's but a faint sobbing seaward.
While the calm of the tide deepens leeward—
Those lights in the harbor at last,
The heavenly harbor at last I"
Paul Hamilton Hayne was a master of words in prose no
less than in poetry, as shown in his "Life of Robert Y.
Hayne" and many sketches. He was born in 1830, died July
6, 1886, and was buried in Augusta. That his heart still
turned to Charleston as his mother land is shown in this elo-
quent apostrophe: "O Queen, O Madre Imperiale, when the
sunset has faded and the twilight gone and the night de-
' scended, wilt thou not call the wearied exile home? He
would fain sleep within the sound of thy waters, under the
shadow of thy immemorial oaks, near the sacred dust of his
fathers." '
i
ENGLISH SENTIMENT FOR THE SOUTH.
(From the Methodist Review, 1867.)
No sooner had the Southern Confederacy fallen than the
following noble strain of indignant eloquence burst in tones
of thunder from the press of the London Evening Herald:
"The South is doomed. With the surrender of General
Lee ends not indeed the possibility of military defense, still
less that of desperate popular resistance, but the hope of final
success. After four years of war, sustained with a gallantry
• and resolution that have few, if any, precedents in history;
. after such sacrifices as perhaps no nation ever made in vain ;
after losses that have drained the lifeblood of the country;
alter a series of brilliant victories, gained under unequaled
. disadvantages, courage and skill and devotion have succumbed
! to brute force: and by sheer power of numbers a race, m-
. ferior in every quality of soldiership and manhood, has pre-
vailed over the bravest and most united people that ever drew
the sword in defense of civil rights and national independ-
ence. To numbers, and to numbers alone, the North owes its
■ hateful triumph. Its advantages in wealth and resources, in
the possession of the sea and the command of the rivers, were
. neutralized by Southern gallantry- In spite of the most
numerous navv in the world, half a dozen Southern cruisers
drove its commerce from the seas. In spite of its overwhelm-
ing superioritv in strength of ships and guns, improvised
Southern ironclads beat and drove off its blockading squad-
rons, and Southern cavalry, embarking on little river steam-
ers, captured its armed gunboats. In defiance of all its power.
Southern energy contrived to supply the armies of the Con-
federate States with everything of which they stood in need.
"When the war broke out, the North had every kind of
military stores in abundance and could draw unlimited sup-
plies from Europe : the South had scarcely a cannon, had but
few rifles, still fewer swords or bayonets, and not a single
foundrv or powder factory. All these deficiencies were sup-
plied by the foresight of the Confederate government and
the daring of the Confederate armies. The routed forces of
the North supplied artillery and ammunition, rifles and bayo-
nets to the Southerners. The cannon which thundered against
Gettvsburg, the shot which crushed the brave mercenaries of
Burnside on the slopes above Fredericksburg came for the
most part from Northern arsenals. No Southern failure is
attributed to the want of arms or powder; no Federal suc-
cess was won by the enormous advantages which the North
enjoyed in its military stores and its open ports. Had these
been the only odds in its favor, long ago would the Federal
government have taken refuge at Boston or New York and
every inch of Southern soil have been free from the^ step of
the invader. Numbers, and numbers alone, have decided the'
struggle.
"Almost every battle has been won by the South, but every
Southern victory has been rendered fruitless by the over-
whelming numerical superiority of the vanquished. The con-
querors found themselves on every occasion confronted by
new armies and deprived of the fruits of victory by the
facility with which the broken ranks of the enemy were re-
plenished. The smaller losses of the South were irreparable ;
the greater sacrifices of the North were of no consequence
whatever in the eyes of a government which lavished the
lives of hired rowdies and foreign mercenaries in the knowl-
edge that money could repair all that folly and ferocity
might destroy. The South has perished by exhaustion, by
sheer inability to recruit her exhausted armies. Whatever
errors may have contributed to hasten her fall, whatever may
be due to the fatal march into Tennessee and the incompre-
hensible policy which laid Georgia and the Carolinas open to
Sherman, the struggle has been decided solely by the rela-
tive numbers of the belligerents, by the fact that the Federal
recruiting field was practically unlimited, while that of the
Confederates was too small to supply the losses of each cam-
paign.
"It may console the heroic soldiers of the South to remem-
ber that their whole force was never equal in number to the
foreign mercenaries of the Union alone ; but the lesson which
this war has taught is one of disastrous augury for mankind.
It can hardly be hoped that any people will show greater devo-
tion than the Southerners, that any country will send forth
braver armies or greater generals, and the fate of secession
assures us that valor and strategy are vain when opposed
to numbers; that a commander who must count the lives of
his men must in the end be overpowered by one who, like
Grant, can afford to regard the loss of ten thousand men as a
matter of indifference. When we compare the respective num-
bers belonging to free and despotic States, when we count
up the overwhelming numerical superiority of despotisms,
legitimate and democratic, over all constitutional countries
combined, we can but feel that the fall of the Confederacy is
a presage of evil for the cause of liberty and the future of
mankind.
"The part which England has played in this awful drama
ndds a tenfold bitterness to the grief with which we regard
its deplorable catastrophe. Every generous heart must be
wrung in witnessing the death agony of a gallant nation ; but
we, the nearest kinsmen, whose supineness permitted, whose
policy furthered and hastened its destruction, have to bear
not only the pang of sorrow, but the worse tortures of self-
reproach. England— may Heaven forgive her !— has cast away
the noblest opportunity and has been accessory to the greatest
crime that modern history records. A single dispatch, a
single stroke of the pen, requiring no more than the com-
monest foresight and the most ordinary courage, would have
enabled her to preserve the gratitude of generations yet un-
born. More than once it has been in her power without a
blow to establish in the New World that international balance
of power without which neither peace nor liberty is possible.
She might have given independence to the South, have stayed
the carnage of the war, have made Canada safe forever,
have secured a firm, powerful, and loyal ally, have secured'
against disturbance and interruption the hopeful and generous
experiment bv which France is endeavoring to restore order
and peace to Mexico and to save the resources of that mag-
nificent country for commerce and for civilization. All this
//
48
^ogfederat^ l/eterai).
she might have done without overstepping by a hair's breadth
the duty of neutrals and the law of nations, and there was
not found in England a statesman who had the courage to
seize the glorious opportunity. Worse than this, the men to
whose feeble and unworthy hands her great power and vast
responsibilties were intrusted not only shrank from casting
her moral weight into the scale of justice, order, and civiliza-
tion, but they lent her aid to the champions of tyranny within
the Union and of anarchy abroad. They gave grudgingly to
the South in her struggle for her own independence, for the
safety of our colonies, and the peace of the American conti-
nent, a limited share of belligerent rights; but they seized
her unarmed ships in our harbors, they drove her cruisers
forth from our colonial ports, they harassed her with ham-
pering and vexatious demands, while they allowed her enemy
to recruit in Ireland, to blockade our seaports, and to ex-
ceed the utmost latitude of belligerent rights in order to in-
tercept the trade of the Confederates.
"How different might the fortunes of war have proved had
England been honestly neutral. Grant even that she had
seized the Alabama and the Florida, what would this have
signified if she had stopped Federal recruiting in Ireland and
insisted that the example should be loyally followed on the
continent? Had she taken stringent measures to prevent
emigration of recruits to the North, as she stopped the sup-
ply of a navy to the South, the Federal armies would have
been weakened by more men than Grant and Sherman now
command, and thus the North would have lost that fatal,
that unjust advantage by which the South has been crushed.
Richmond has fallen before an army of foreign mercenaries.
Lee has surrendered to an army of foreigners. With a horde
of foreigners Sherman occupied Atlanta, took Savannah,
ravaged Georgia, and traversed the Carolinas. By the aid of
foreign mercenaries the South has been destroyed, and that
aid the conquerors owe to the connivance of England. It is
not often that a duty neglected, an opportunity thrown away
can ever be retrieved. It is not often that a great public
wrong goes utterly unpunished. We are little disposed to
import into politics the language of the pulpit, but we can-
not forbear to remind our readers that nations as well as
individuals are responsible for the use they make of the
powers and opportunities intrusted to them, and history does
not encourage us to hope that so grievous a dereliction of
duty as that of which on our part the South has been the
victim will go eventually unpunished."
TREATMENT OF SLAVES IN THE SOUTH.
BY DR. JAMES H. m'nEILLY, NASHVILLE, TENN.
Probablv no human institution has ever been so misrepre-
sented as has the domestic slavery of the Southern States of
the Union. It was denounced as "the sum of all villainies,"
and the slaveholders were held up with malignant bitterness
to the scorn of the world as monsters of cruelty and oppres-
sion. And since the war that freed the slaves the coming
generations are taught in schools, from the pulpit, and by the
press that Mr. Lincoln, the great apostle of liberty, struck the
shackles from a helpless race held in unwilling bondage to
brutal masters. And the attempt is made to discredit and
condemn that old civilization of kindly relations and gracious
manners which produced such charcters as George Washing-
ton, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and
Robert E. Lee.
The time surely demands that every patriotic Southerner
should see to it that a true and faithful history be written,
"nothing extenuating nor setting down aught in malice," that
shall correct these false and unjust misrepresentations and
shall vindicate to the present and future generations the ideals,
the traditions, and the principles — social, political, and re-
ligious — for which the Southern people stood.
Let it be said that there were inseparable evils connected
with the institution of slavery as with all human institutions,
and these evils were exaggerated in the South by the differ-
ences of nature, physical and moral, between the races — the
white master heir of a thousand years of culture, the negro
slave just a few generations removed from most brutal
savagery.
Yet it is also to be said that the Southern masters, as a
class, in seeking to bridge the gulf separating the races did
succeed in establishing kindly domestic relations that did much
to mitigate the evils and promised much for the future if
worked out without interference. The first cargo of Africans
brought to the English colonies was in 1619, the year before
the landing of the Pilgrims. They were brought by a Dutch
ship and were first held probably as indentured servants, not
as absolute slaves. There were few of them at first; but the
mother country, scenting profit in the trade, engaged in it, and
her daughter, New England, was equally enthusiastic in tear-
ing the Africans from their native land and selling them into
slaver}'. And when some of the colonies — Virginia, Pennsyl-
vania, and New Jersey — protested against the trade, the
mother country refused to heed their protest.
In view of the horrors of the "middle passage," in which
the negroes perished by hundreds on the open seas, it is said
that tender consciences were salved with the statement that
the traders were bringing miserable heathens to the light of
Christian civilization. At first slavery existed in all the
colonies and the States ; but afterwards, because of economic
differences in the sections and also because of differences of
climate, the Northern States sold their slaves to the South
and abolished the institution in their borders.
From the foundation of the government there was agitation
for freedom for the slaves. The Constitution left the ques-
tion to each State to settle for itself, and in the South there
was a deeper interest in it as a practical queston than in the
North. Virginia, in giving up her magnificent northwestern
territory to the Union, stipulated that slavery should not exist
in it. And prior to 1820, the year of the Missouri Compro-
mise, there were in the South 106 antislavery societies with
5,150 members, while in the North there were 24 abolition so-
cieties with 920 members. The South tried to work out the
problem with due regard to the interests of both races, wait-
ing on the developments of Providence. The abolitionits were
for immediate action, regardless of Providence or the Con-
stitution. The Missouri Compromise brought the issue into
politics and arrayed the sections against each .other. Then
began that long campaign of hatred, abuse, and violation of
Southern rights that brought on the War between the States,
emancipation, and the horrible years of Reconstruction, with
its graft, corruption, and negro rule.
Now the charges against the South that are still current
are: (1) Physical cruelty and oppression of the slaves, (2)
neglect of the spiritual interests of the slaves.
As to physical treatment, there were two considerations that
worked for kind treatment. (1) The fact that the slaves
were a laboring class upon whose labors the masters were
dependent for a living and for profit made it a matter of
ordinary business prudence that they should be well treated
to be effective servants. (2) The kind of relationship that
bound the two classes together : on the part of the master the
Qoi?federat^ Veterai),
49
spirit of noblesse oblige and on the part of the slave a docile
affection assured that the faithful, obedient slave should not
be unduly pressed. Moreover, besides this mutual affection,
there was a public opinion which was embodied in statute
laws that condemned cruel masters, and if there were such
their cruelty was known and visited upon them socially.
It is worthy of remark that most instances of cruelty were
perpetrated by Northern men who came South as overseers on
large plantations and Who had none of the traditional rela-
tionship that unites master and slave. The slaves were cared
for as children and in old age were free from undue labor.
They were provided with comfortable clothes and substan-
tial food, and they lived in houses, often in little villages, that
were protected against the weather. They had opportunities
to make money for themselves to buy whatever pleased their
fancy. Their health was cared for by the best medical skill ;
often on the large plantations there were hospitals well
equipped.
When I stated these facts to friends on a visit to Scotland
and Ireland years ago, they declared that no laboring class in
Great Britain was so well provided for. And Prof. Barrett
Wendel, a New Englander, states in one of his books that
no common laborers in the world were as free from care and
suffering, for the struggle of this class the world over is to
secure a bare living for themselves and their families.
It is impossible for the present and coming generations to
realize the affectionate relationship of whites and negroes in
the old days in forming their judgment of those days.
As to the care for the spiritual interests of the slaves, the
Southern Churches and ministry felt their responsibility for
the souls of their dependents, and in most Southern com-
munities the slaves were often gathered to hear the message
of salvation. The only hindrance to this was caused by the
fanatical interference of Northern Churches and ministers,
seeking to dissatisfy the negroes and demanding immediate
emancipation. But this was only a temporary hindrance,
easily overcome by the Southern ministers. Large numbers
of the slaves were converted and were received as communi-
cants in the Churches with their masters. In this work the
Methodist and Baptist Churches were prominent and success-
ful, although all denominations recognized their duty to the
negroes. In 1829 the Methodist Church (at the suggestion of
the Hon. Charles Coatesworth Pinckney, an Episcopal lay-
man, and a prominent and wealthy Methodist lady, both of
South Carolina) organized a system of plantation missions,
by which some of the ablest ministers of that Church were
sent to preach to the negroes on the large plantations. The
work was supported by the planters, irrespective of denomi-
nation. Often neat chapels were built on the plantation, and
the planter and his family attended the services, while the
ministers enjoyed their hospitality and esteem.
In the thirty-five years to the year 1865 it is estimated that
a million slaves were brought to Christ by this agency alone
at a cost of about four million dollars. In the same period
of time the foreign missionary agencies of all the Churches
expended on heathen peoples fifty million dollars, with only
a few thousand converts. As a missionary agency the insti-
tution of African slavery deserves to be remembered. At
the close of our war there were about a quarter of a mil-
lion negro communicants in each the Methodist and Baptist
Churches and considerable membership in the Episcopal and
Presbyterian Churches.
When the first Ecumenical Council of the Methodist
Churches met in London a large delegation attended from
the United States composed of both white and black ministers
and laymen. Among them was that redoubtable champion of
Southern Methodism, old Dr. John B. McFerrin. On the
ship going over the Northern ministers were boasting much
as to what they had done to free the slaves, and they claimed
the gratitude of the negroes. Finally the old man, who was
a man of war from his youth, could stand it no longer,, and
in that peculiar nasal tone, which with him was an effective
instrument of oratory, he replied: "Yes, you boast to these
colored brethren of all that you have done for them. Why
didn't you tell it all? You brought them from Africa sav-
ages and sold them into slavery, and when they were not
profitable to you then you sold them to us. We took them,
a race of savages, and in two hundred years we made them
a fine body of Christians, whom you deem worthy of citizen-
ship, and who are going to take part in this Council." It is
said a Southern negro standing by cried out : "Boss, dat's so.
You never opens your mouf but what you tells de truf."
The testimony of the Southern Presbyterian Church ex-
presses the sentiment of all the Southern Churches in 1865 in
saying: "The colored people never stood in any other rela-
tions to the Church than that of human beings, lost with us
in the fall of Adam and redeemed with us by the infinitely
meritorious death and sacrifice of Christ and participants
with us in all the blessings and benefits of the gospel. Our
Churches, pastors, and people have always recognized their
claim to Christian equality and brotherhood and have re-
joiced to have them associated in Christian union and com-
munion in the public services and precious sacraments of the
sanctuary. Resolved, that the abolition of slavery has not
altered this relation nor in any degree lessened the debt of
love and service which we owe them.
WHICH WAS "THE OTHER SIDE"?
The following was contributed by Capt. R. T. Bean, of
Wichita, Kans. : "The column was marching at an easy gait
up the banks of the Cumberland River, neither dreaming of
nor caring for any enemy that might be near. We had en-
joyed a good night's rest, and, with a hearty, substantial
breakfast to fortify us for the duties of the day, we were in
the enjoyment of all the blessings that fall to the soldier's lot
and were getting all the pleasure out of life that it was pos-
sible for us to have. Lieutenant Oldham and Sergeant Lind-
sey (as was often the case) were riding together and, happy
in the strong ties of friendship that bound them together,
were getting as much joy out of life as it was possible, which
meant all in sight and then some. The Lieutenant was a
sober-sided man and inclined to regard all things from a
matter-of-fact point of view, while Lindsey was up to every
prank that could be conceived and put into practice. Oldham
was calling Lindsey's attention to some object across the
river and designated it as being on the 'other side.' Lindsey
at once took issue with him and expressed real regret that
the Lieutenant was losing mentality and, pointing down to the
bank near him, said that was the 'other side,' and he could
prove it. In a moment Oldham had out a ten-dollar Confed-
erate bill, which Lindsey promptly covered. 'Now,' said Lind-
sey, 'is that not one side?' pointing across the stream, to
which Oldham retorted: 'Of course it is; any fool knows that.'
Then Lindsey quickly remarked, pointing down to the near
bank: 'Is not this then the other side?' The burst of laugh-
ter that rent the air was enough to wake the sluggish catfish
in the river, and the sulphurious stream that flowed uninter-
ruptedly from Oldham was almost stifling. Both have long
since crossed over to the great beyond, but the Confederacy
had no better soldiers nor the country any better citizens."
io
^opfederat^ l/eteraij.
UNION SENTIMENT BEFORE SECESSION.
BY W. A. CALLAWAY, ATLANTA, GA.
Young's Battery, of Columbus, Ga., of which I was a
member, organized in 1862 by Capt. Edward Croft, was known
as Croft's Eattery for about eighteen months, or until his
resignation. He was succeeded by First Lieut. Alf Young,
son of the builder of the noted Eagle and Phcenix Mills, a
fine gentleman of much wealth and influence. These mills
were of great service during the war in supplying uniforms
for our soldiers. In addition to the many patriotic deeds of
Mr. Young, he fully equipped the battery with sixty-odd large
horses and harness to match and also uniforms for the one
Jiundred and ten men composing the company at a cost of
many thousands of dollars. This is only a sample of the way
pocketbooks opened to the needs of our new government.
He was a Union man when secession first began to be
agitated, and this country lacked a whole lot of being a unit
for secession. The conventions which met to pass on the
question in the different States usually passed the ordinances
"by narrow margins, but as a matter of expediency they were
made unanimous. In the case of Georgia, for instance, Ben-
jamin H. Hill was elected to the convention as a Union dele-
gate, but after secession became a fact he joined with the
others to make it unanimous. But the South became a unit
when Lincoln issued his proclamation calling for seventy-five
Thousand troops to subjugate us. When that call was made,
it was like a match to a powder keg — there was no longer
any dissension — but it make a solid South "overnight," and
it still remains solid ; and when Mr. Davis called for one
hundred thousand men, they came in a rush from all classes
and from all directions in such numbers that arms could
not be supplied fast enough. But when the fighting actually
began, as at the first battle of Manassas, the enemy, knowing
our need, contributed abundantly and rapidly, and we soon
had plenty' and to spare. After a few battles conditions were
reversed, and we had more guns than men. Mr. Lincoln
could not have done anything more needed to solidify us.
My own father was a fair illustration of the antisecession
spirit. I had heard it discussed from the John Brown raid
all the way to 1860, and this was really the spark which lay
dormant for several years, but was fanned into a flame and
ended with Sherman's march through Georgia, leaving chim-
neys as sentinels and ravished homes as the crowning climax
of his career, a career which has been set to music and is
still being played to appreciative audiences of the North.
Speeches in Congress and the Senate, a la Bob Toombs on
•one side and Thad Stephens on the other, had become so
bitter and inflammatory that reconciliation or compromises
were impossible. South Carolina precipitated the conflagra-
tion and was followed in rapid succession by other States.
Virginia hesitated longer and was the last to secede, and then
only when Mr. Lincoln called on her for her quota of troops
to subjugate her Southern sisters. This was the feather that
"broke the camel's back, and she hesitated no longer.
Up to the call for troops my father had been unyielding in
his loyalty to the Union. His views were well known to his
friends, nearly all of whom were rabid secessionists. Our
home was in Lagrange, the home of Ben Hill. He and my
father were friends and held the same views — that our prov-
cation was great, but that we should remain in the Union
and fight there for our rights.
A mass meeting was held in the courthouse several days
before Georgia seceded to get the sentiment of the people.
It was a fire-eating affair. Lagrange abounded in good
speakers, and they seemd to be all present on this occasion
and had the crowd worked up to a white heat of excitement.
The most inflammatory orations had been delivered with
hair-raising effect, all advocating secession in the most soul-
stirring language. If there was a dissent, it had not been
expressed. My father sat in a corner of the room with his
head bowed and his face in his hands. He was deeply
grieved at the course the meeting had taken, for he seemed
to realize what it all meant. Finally there were calls for
"Callaway ! Callaway ! Callaway !" but he refused to move
until it seemed that every voice joined in the call. Well do
I remember the sadness of his face as he deliberately arose
and said : "My friends and fellow citizens, I came into this
meeting not expecting to have a word to say, for I realize
that should I give utterance to my sentiments they would
be so much out of harmony with what has been said that
silence on my part would be golden." He was resuming his
seat when a storm of "Go on, go on" came from all parts
of the room. Then he proceeded in an impassioned and most
solemn manner to speak his views, which were entirely at
variance with all that had been spoken. He said that seces-
sion meant war, which he foresaw to be one of the most
bloody in history, that we would have the world to fight, that
our shores would be blockaded, and, in short, forecasted the
end with what afterwards seemed prophetic words. Many times
since the war have I heard this speech referred to as prophec\-.
There were a few catcalls and hisses at the start, but on ac-
count of the earnest and solemn manner of his delivery he
soon obtained a most respectful hearing and made an im-
pression upon his hearers which caused them to think as they
had never done before, for Bob Toombs and other influential
speakers all over the country had scouted the idea of war,
Mr. Toombs agreeing to drink all the blood that was shed.
In spite of my father's strong views in opposition to seces-
sion and his reluctance to give up the Union, yet when Lin-
coln called for troops he joined hands with those who had
so bitterly opposed him and lent his whole energy to the de-
fense of our homes. He sent five sons. As his youngest and
bearing his name, it was natural that he should have had a
most tender feeling for me ; but he consented for me to go
before I had attained military age. The talk of subjugation
had wrought this wonderful change. On my return from the
war — one of my brothers had just died, another was in
prison, and I was supposed to be dead or captured — my father
was on his deathbed and unconscious and the savings of a
lifetime all gone. He saw for months before it came that
all was lost. It was too much for his delicate constitution,
and he gave way under the strain of anxiety and suspense,
just as many more fathers and mothers had done. He had 1
lived to see the prophetic words he had spoken at the mass I
meeting, four years before, fulfilled to the letter ; but in great I
mercy a kind Providence took him without allowing him to I
witness those terrible Reconstruction days, an ordeal perpe- i
trated by a civilized people upon their brothers whose only |
offense had been the defense of their homes against an in-
vading horde made up largely of foreign hirelings fighting
for bounty and booty, an ordeal visited upon a noble people
of distinguished ancestry already crushed and bleeding at
every pore — "Rachel weeping for her firstborn." Their homes
were burned, property all gone and bankrupt, their former
slaves ruling over them and incited to all kinds of outrages
by conscienceless Northern emissaries and Southern scala-
wags. Of course many of our old men and women gave up
the ghost and died in despair. Our impoverishment was com- ,
plete; but, still not satisfied, our cotton was taxed $15 peri*
Qoijfederat^ l/efcerap.
5i
'bale for three years, a product entirely of the South, the
: only farm product that was ever taxed. These outrages were
'more heartless than have been put upon the barbarians who
sank the Lusitania or those who for years have been mur-
dering helpless Armenians.
"To forgive is divine," but this old vet cannot forget.
I once heard an old preacher exclaim from the pulpit after
he had been dealing with the unscrupulous politicians of that
day : "My God, my God, if there ain't a hell, there ought to
s be for all such." This imprecation might also apply to the
: "poison squad" of the present time.
HARDSHIPS OF BRAGG' S RETREAT.
BY W. T. WILSOX. HEXDERS0NVILLE, TENN.
Perhaps one of the most notable movements of the War
between the States was General Bragg's retreat from Middle
, Tennessee. Soon after the battle of Murfreesboro, which was
\ fought the last days of December, 1864, General Bragg witn-
drew his army back to Tullahoma and Shelbyville, where he
_ went into winter quarters. The months following were de-
' voted to recruiting and equipping his army. Early in the
spring of 1863 General Bragg advanced north, establishing his
. lines with the left wing of his army at Shelbyville and his
right wing at Fairfield and Beech Grove, some miles from
Shelbyville.
. His army at this time was in fine condition, a magnificent
body of soldiers, composed of the best manhood of the South.
His men were, tor the most part, those who had an inbred
love for the Southland and her institutions. They were rest-
less and anxious to drive the invading foe from Southern soil.
General Rosecrans, who was then in command of the Fed-
eral army, was stationed at Murfreesboro with a finely
equipped army, superior in numbers to General Bragg's army;
but from the fearful experience they had had in one of the
bloodiest battles of the Western Army, that of Murfreesboro,
they were not keen to again meet those Southern boys in open
combat, men who were fighting for their homes and all that
was dear to them.
It was in the month of June, 1863, that General Rosecrans,
declining again to meet General Bragg's army in open affray,
began a flank movement by way of McMinnville and at the
same time made an attack on General Bragg's right wing
with a strong force under General Thomas from his main
army, his object being to engage General Bragg until he
could cross south of the Cumberland Mountain and occupy
Chattanooga, thus cutting off General Bragg from all com-
munication south and east with Confederate forces.
But it had become evident to General Bragg that General
Thomas did not intend to meet him in open battle and that
his attack was only a strategic move to engage him until he
could get time to accomplish an advantageous movement, and
he was in fact at that time moving nis main army rapidly by
way of McMinnville across the mountains toward Chatta-
nooga.
At this juncture General Bragg began his memorable re-
treat trom Middle Tennessee. His retreat was greatly re-
tarded by the strong force from General Rosecrans's army
under General Thomas hanging on the rear, harrassing his
outposts, and with the heavy rains the hardships of the sol-
diers were increased. The boys were already chafing because
General Thomas would not meet them in battle west of the
Cumberland Mountain.
Gen. Bushrod Johnson's brigade was covering the retreat,
together with a large cavalry force under the command of
General Forrest. The heavy rains which had fallen had
caused the streams to overflow their banks, and the roads
were in a bad condition, thus retarding the movements of so
large a body.
I recall an incident connected with the crossing of Elk
River. As the stream was out of its banks, the only way of
getting across was on a small bridge, and the crossing was
necessarily very slow. General Johnson's brigade was held
in line of battle on the west side of the stream to hold the
Federal advance in check until Bragg's men had crossed over
safely. But the Federals were pressing General Forrest so
hard that he rode up to General Johnson and told him that
if he did not hurry up and get his command across the river
he might be forced to give up some of his artillery. This
was the first time I had seen General Forrest, and his com-
manding appearance and determined movements made a last-
ing impression, being particularly impressed with his military
bearing.
After some light skirmishing by the outposts with but little
loss, all got safely over the river, and the old bridge was de-
stroyed, which put a complete check to the pursuers.
Then began the difficult ascent of the mountains. The
rains had added to the almost impassible condition of the
roads, and at places the large limestone recks projected al-
most perpendicularly, thus causing the wagons and artillery
to be lifted over the rough places by the soldiers putting their
shoulders to the wheels, while a great deal of army supplies
had to be abandoned in order to get the wagons and teams
over the mountains.
General Bragg's soldiers made this forced retreat across
the mountain drenched with rain and without time to change
their clothing or prepare their food. About all they had to
eat was the little they could pick up, and but little could be
had at that time, as the mountains were sparsely settled.
This retreat was in June and July, the season when all
nature was robed in her most beautiful vesture and the
mountain breezes were laden with sweet odors from the wild
flowers, which produced a desire on the part of the soldeirs,
who had an appreciation of the beauties of nature, to linger
and enjoy the scenery; but no such esthetic desires were to
be indulged in at that time.
While a splendid fighter. General Bragg was also good on
the retreat; and, despite all the hardships and difficulties at-
tending such a movement, he reached Chattanooga in time
to give General Thomas a hearty welcome.
The most serious side of this bit of war history was the
fact that here was one of the grandest bodies of soldiers in
the country's annals retreating before a foe greatly outnum-
bering them. They were giving up their homes and loved
ones, knowing that their hardships and dangers would be in-
creased by falling into the hands of the enemy. These men
were suffering all the hardships of a most cruel conflict, and
they cast many longing looks from the summit of the Cum-
berland peaks westward toward the fertile valleys and the
great basin of Middle Tennessee, reaching to the Father of
Waters on the west, the fair and beautiful land holding all
that was near and dear to the majority of them, with the
feeling that they might never look upon that land again.
This feeling may have been a prophetic vision of what
awaited them in one of the hardest fought battles of the
war, the battle of Chickamauga, also the many battles that
lined General Sherman's march through Georgia, where thou-
52
Qogfederat^ l/eterai).
sands of those splendid men, heroes they were, gave up their
lives and sleep in unknown graves.
No pen can write into history the suffering, heroism, and
immortal deeds of those brave men.
[Note. — While General Rosecrans was in command of the
Federal Army of Tennessee in 1862-63, General Thomas, the
"Rock of Chickamauga," was in command of the left wing,
which made the flank movement above described. — /. H. Mc-
Neilly.]
IMPORTANT BATTLES OF THE WAR.
[Compilation giving date of battle, generals in command,
forces engaged, and the losses on each side, prepared by Col.
John C. Stiles, of Brunswick, Ga.]
First Manassas (Bull Run"), July 21, 1861, Generals Beaure-
gard and McDowell. Confederate force, 32.000; loss, 1,969;
6 per cent. Federal force, 35,000: loss, 1,584; 5 per cent.
Combined loss, 5 per cent. (Only 18,000 men on each side in
this fight.)
Shiloh, April 6, 1862, Gens. A. S. Johnston and Grant.
Confederate force, 40.000 ; loss, 9,000 ; 22 per cent. Federal
force, 58.000; loss, 12.000; 21 per cent. Combined loss, 20
per cent.
Seven Pines, May 31, 1862, Gens. Joseph E. Johnston and
McClellan. Confederate force, 39,000; loss, 6,134; 16 per cent.
Federal force, 51,000; loss, 5,021; 10 per cent. Combined loss.
12 per cent.
Gaines's Mill, June 7, 1S62, Generals Lee and McClellan.
Confederate force, 54,000; loss, 8,000; 15 per cent. Federal
force, 36,000 ; loss, 5,000 ; 14 per cent. Combined loss, 14 per
cent.
Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862, Generals Lee and McClellan.
Confederate force, 70,000 ; loss, 5,500 ; 8 per cent. Federal
force, 80,000 ; loss, 2,800 ; 4 per cent. Combined loss, 5 per
cent.
Cedar Mountain. August 9, 1862, Generals Jackson and
Banks. Confederate force, 21,000; loss, 1,314: 6 per cent.
Federal force, 12,000; loss, 2.3S0; 20 per cent. Combined loss,
11 per cent.
Second Manassas, August 28, 1862 (two days), Generals
Lee and Pope. Confederate force, 54,000; loss, 9,000; 17 per
cent. Federal force, 73,000; loss, 13,000; 17 per cent. Com-
bined loss, 17 per cent.
Sharpsburg, September 17, 1862, Generals Lee and McClel-
lan. Confederate force, 41,000; loss 9,500; 23 per cent. Fed-
eral force, 87,000; loss, 12,410; 14 per cent. Combined loss,
17 per cent.
Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, Generals Lee and Burn-
side. Confederate force, 70,000; loss, 4,224; 6 per cent. Fed-
eral force, 120,000; loss, 12,747; 10 per cent. Combined loss,
8 per cent.
Murfreesboro, December 31, 1862 (two days). Generals
Bragg and Rosecrans. Confederate force, 37,712; loss, 9.500;
26 per cent. Federal force, 43,000; loss, 9.000; 21 per cent.
Combined loss, 24 per cent.
Chancellorsville, May 1, 1863 (two days). Generals Lee and
Hooker. Confederate force, 62,000; loss, 10,000; 16 per cent.
Federal force, 130,000; loss, 14,000; 10 per cent. Combined
loss, 12 per cent.
Gettysburg, July 3, 1863 (three days), Generals Lee and
Meade. Confederate force, 70,000; loss, 18,000; 26 per cent.
Federal force, 93,000; loss, 19,000; 20 per cent. Combined
loss, 24 per cent.
Chickamauga, September 19, 1863 (two days), Generals
Bragg and Rosecrans. Confederate force, 71,000; loss, 18.000:
25 per cent. Federal force, 57,000; loss, 17,100; 30 per cent.
Combined loss, 27 per cent.
Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863, Generals Bragg and
Grant. Confederate force, 33,000; loss, 3,000; 9 per cent.
Federal force, 60,000 ; loss, 5,500 ; 9 per cent. Combined loss,
9 per cent.
The Wilderness, May 6, 1864, Generals Lee and Grant.
Confederate force, 61.000; loss, 11,000; 18 per cent. Federal
force, 118.000; loss, 15,000; 13 per cent. Combined loss, 14
per cent.
Spotsylvania, May 10, 1864, Generals Lee and Grant. Con-
federate force, 50,000 ; loss, 8,000 ; 16 per cent. Federal force,
100,000: loss, 17.000; 17 per cent. Combined loss. 16 per cent.
Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864, Generals Lee and Grant. Con-
federate force. 58,000: loss. 1.700: 3 per cent. Federal force,
110.000; loss, 10,000; 9 per cent. Combined loss, 6 per cent.
Nashville, December 15, 1864, Generals Hood and Thomas.
Confederate force, 39,000 ; loss, 3,500 ; 9 per cent. Federal
force, 55,000 ; loss, 3,000 ; 5 per cent. Combined loss, 6 per
cent.
THE SOUTHERN CROSS OF HONOR.
Take these crosses, a mute token
Of a sorrow left unspoken
By the lips of love unbroken
Through all change of time and tide.
In a comrade's tears you'll lave them,
From dishonor live to save them,
For the sake of those who gave them,
For the sake of those who died.
Prize these badges as a treasure
Precious, priceless beyond measure.
Consecrated by a love
Deep and boundless as the ocean,
A true woman's life devotion,
Love like His who reigns above.
Lee, the matchless, would have worn it
Stonewall Jackson would have borne it
Proudly; Death's strong hand could scarce have torn it
From our princely Stuart's breast.
Hold it, veteran, as an omen
Sacred as the tear of woman
Shed for chevalier or yeoman,
Nobler than the noblest Roman,
Shed for comrade laid to rest.
Southern veterans, wear these crosses,
Emblems of our Southland's losses —
Losses death alone can drown.
When the last reveille's sounded,
When sin's hosts their arms have grounded.
He in whom our faith is founded,
Who bore the cross, for us was wounded.
Will for each cross exchange a crown.
But when in heaven's perfect light,
The day he counts his jewels bright.
Condemns the wrong, rewards the right.
In those he died to save,
The richest crown for love, for loss,
Without one taint of earthly dross,
To her will go last at his cross
And earliest at his grave.
— C. B. Tate, New Market Battalion, V. M. I. Cadets.
Qopfederat^ Vetera^;
5o
i
BILL1E GUN.
A Tale of Two Epochs.
BY JOHN N. WARE, SEWANEE, TENN\
I.
Billie O'Brien's people, as the name would indicate, were
not Quakers. Nevertheless, they did not believe in war ; not
if they had to do the fighting. O apostrophe is a synonym for
Delight of Fighting, so we are told, but these O apostrophes
were different. Just why doesn't concern us, but so it was.
They knew that there was money and no inconsiderable glory
to be had for the mere shouldering of a gun, but there were
.applicants in abundance for the glory, and the O'Briens had
enough money; not an embarrassing surplus, understand, but
!- enough. There was no earthly excuse for an O'Brien to go
to war.
So when Billie O'Brien announced his intention of going
on a recently projected and extensively advertised we-are-
coming-Father-Abraham excursion to Richmond (and return,
if the gods were good), he met opposition. He always did;
he would have been disappointed otherwise. Billie never
proposed a proposition, thought a thought, or planned a plan
that hadn't met with opposition. It was the expiring spark
of Celtic belligerency in the O'Brien breast, the last echo of
a former glory, this constant opposition to an O'Brien, who
by some chance threw back to sure-enough Hibernians. But
Billie, expecting this opposition, grinned pleasantly and stuck
to his original proposition, and in the end he had his way,
as he always did. It was a way he had.
"Shucks !" said Billie. He was having it out in the family
circle, with ladies present, and was regarding the conven-
. tions. Ordinarily he was much more vigorous and colorful
of expression. "Shucks, I always did want to see that old
Virginia State, and now it's spring and a real nice time to
see the sights comfortably, and they're taking you down there
for nothing and paying you something to boot for going.
And, besides, there is a big crowd of the boys going from
here." He paused a few seconds to give his statements time
to take firm root, and then he remarked with decision : "And
I am going with them. I'll be back some time along in the
fall."
"But, William." said timid Mrs. O'Brien, she that was Miss
Smith and had no claim to Celtic love of head cracking,
"those Rebels will be shooting at you, and you don't know
but what" —
"O hel — ■ Shucks, they can't hit anything," said Billie, and
carelessly waved aside that objection. Then he grinned his
most capacious grin. "Besides, when they hear I'm coming,
they'll just naturally quit anyhow."
Which wasn't sound logic or truth either, for "they" didn't
quit, not even when the}- heard that two hundred thousand
Billie O'Briens were coming. If they had, Billie wouldn't
have seen Old Virginia or Chancellorsville ; but that is antici-
pating.
No, "they" didn't quit. Quite to the contrary, "they" made
unsmiling preparation to dispense with full hands the famous
Southern hospitality that Billie had read so much about. And
Billie would have been glad of this had he known it, for
fighting was as the breath of life to him, and the scenery of
Old Virginia was unimportant indeed. Which was very for-
tunate, for he could have stayed at home and seen very much
more beautiful scenery than what his part of Virginia af-
forded. His scenery there was to be scrub oak and pine,
tangled brier and impenetrable thicket, with the ground soft
I 2**
]/
with sodden last winter's leaves, and only a glimpse now and
then of God's open blue. A tantalizing reminder of heaven
at that, for it was hard to see unless you were on your back,
and those who lay that way saw nothing at all, though their
eyes were wide open, fixed in an unwinking stare, as if trying
to solve the puzzle of this world and that other into which
they had been ushered in the twinkling of an eye.
But all this really mattered very little, because Billie didn't
know as yet what lay on the knees of the gods for him, and
even if he had known he would have gone all the same. For
he was an O'Brien of the older times and threw back as many
generations as was necessary to find the latest frolicking,
devil-may-care, shillalah-bearing O'Brien ancestor. As for
the Smiths, they might as well never have existed as far as
ever having any part or parcel in Billie was concerned. He
was the reincarnation of some giant who smiled as he slew,
because slaying was pleasure.
Fighting was the very breath of life to big-mouthed, freckle-
faced, red-headed Billie O'Brien. Every boy in the com-
munity bore eloquent testimony to that. The moment he
could stand alone he had his fingers in some other astonished
baby's eyes and hair, and from that time on his progress
toward man's estate had been a trail strewn with drops of
blood and peelings of skin and handfuls of hair, some of it
in every instance his own. Which explains why he wanted
to go to Virginia. Alexander found Macedonia too small :
he sighed for other worlds to conquer.
So he went along with the "other boys," and the town
turned out to hurrah and wish them Godspeed, and Billie
held his head high and was as happy as he could be. Which
was only natural for a man going to where he would find
his favorite amusement in such abundance. But the O'Briens
were not so jubilant, except the smallest O'Brien of all, to
whom out of the fullness of Billie's heart had been promised
a Rebel sword.
II.
Virginia hospitality, Billie soon found, lived up to only
half of its reputation. Warm it was beyond any shadow of
reasonable complaint, but concerning its cordiality some hun-
dred and fifty thousand Billies made loud and frequent moan.
There is such a thing as overdoing cordiality and warmth.
And from warm the hospitality had grown hot and hotter
and hotter as the days passed, until even those who, like
Billie O'Brien, loved a fight found that the edge of their
appetite was being blunted. They were in danger of being
sated, gorged on this martial diet. Yet no respite came. Day
after day skirmishes, fights, charges and counter-charges, and
the lesser duties, picket duty and guard mount, and such like,
the last word of irksomeness. Day by day dropped off mess-
mates, camp fire intimates, boyhood friends. Day by day the
. face of nature changed. Day by day Billie O'Brien and num-
berless others grew years and years older.
Then came May, 1863. Three days before they had crossed
a muddy little river and plunged into an uninviting, but not
especially deadly-looking, wilderness, and immediately there-
upon they had been welcomed with that hospitality that they
had come to detest so heartily. They had returned it in kind
and, disregarding it as far as was humanly possible, had
pushed on as best they could and as far, which was not in-
considerable in view of the marked discourtesy they were
being shown. Little by little their Southern hosts had with-
drawn, sullenly, viciously, true, but they had withdrawn. That
was the main point. Whereat Billie O'Brien and the thou-
sands of other Billies and the shameful other thousands that
were not Billies and never would be rejoiced, though not for
54
^.OQfederace l/eterai).
the same reason. It was not a lovely country, this wilderness,
but everybody, Billies and others, wanted undisputed posses-
sion of it. and wanted it very much.
May 1 had been a gala day for those of Eillie's ilk. those
who loved the roll of musketry. Musketry there had been in
largesse and all that goes therewith, and Billie had had no
ground for complaint on that score. For that matter he had
done little enough complaining these latter days anyhow.
What little he made did not concern the lack of fighting.
That plaint had done good service in winter quarters, but it
had languished of late for obvious reasons. His moan had
now as its text his near neighbors. They were Dutchmen .
( "Damn Dutchmen," Billie called them, with various descrip-
tive epithets, all from the depths of his Hibernian heart), and
he liked them not. It wasn't his fault. O'Briens and
Schmidts had never dwelt together in unity. They couldn't
now, but Billie accepted them as he did the mosquitoes and
ticks and the thousand crawling things of this tangled in-
ferno. They were exigencies of war.
But there was another and more legitimate cause for dis-
satisfaction this day. and deep and bitter was his grumbling
thereat. Small wonder. After a fellow has pushed his way
stubbornly for miles down a miserable, fire-lined, tree-
obstructed road, fighting for every inch of it with an enemy
that contests every inch of it as if it were the road to heaven,
he may be excused for being aggrieved when he is told by a
man sitting on a cool, shady porch to come back to the place
from w-hich he started that morning, presumably to do it all
over again next day. It seemed so foolish and futile. So
it seemed to Billie. and he cursed bitterly, though he himself
had been spared the experience. But some of his best friends
had not been so fortunate, and some of them had not come
back. Instead they were along that bullet-swept road hud-
dled up in fantastic shapes with ghastly holes in limb and
head and heart. News of it had filtered back to Billie and
his comrades, and they received it according to their lights.
Billie's near neighbors shrugged their shoulders and muttered.
"Ach Gott," and forgot about it. Billie said nothing, but he
treasured these things in his heart, and that night he slept
restlessly, bitter for the first time.
May 2 had been a continuous holiday. True enough, there
had been from time to time little gusts of musketry and
some artillery fire in the direction of Chancellorsville. But
Chancellorsville was four miles away, and the firing was
nothing anyhow-, comparatively speaking. So Billie O'Brien
and the other Billies, good and bad, ate their white bread
and made ready for the morrow, when there was work to be
done.
The day wore on, a singularly peaceful day in the midst of
hell, with the desultory noises like far-off thunder. It was
about six and supper time. Arms were stacked, men were
sitting around in groups laughing the laugh of the momen-
tarily care free, and — and then, rudely disturbing all this,
came the sharp blast of a bugle and the shrill yell that Billie
knew so well, having heard it many, many times before.
Almost simultaneously there broke from the woods just
across the little clearing yelling lines of lean, grim men in
gray. Like a hurricane they came, death riding at their head.
"O hell!" said Billie petulantly, jumping up and running
for his gun. "Won't those darned Rebels ever give a fellow
a rest? Can't even"' —
A shell, coming from somewhere in the rear of the gray
horde, sang through the air overhead and burst. A flying
splinter struck Billie O'Brien on his head, and without a
sound he crumpled up, and the men in gray swarmed past.
When Billie opened his eyes again, it was evidently early
morning. He lay still a minute, blinking at the rising sun
and listening abstractedly to a bird in a near-by tree, all the
while trying to figure out where he was and what he was
doing there. It was altogether strange to him, this country.
Moreover, the dead men and the scattered guns, all the ghast-
ly debris of war, puzzled him sorely. His head ached badly,
and that puzzled him too. The whole thing was a puzzle.
He couldn't think of an3' reason why he should be lying in
this unfamiliar place with a furiously aching head. Evidently
there was something curious in all this. He thought it over
a while and finally gave it up.
"Lord," said he, "what's the matter with my head anyhow?
Somebody must have hit me the heck of a lick. I wonder who
it was — Never mind, I'll get him some time, whoever he
was, the son-of-a-gun." Whereupon he sat up, his hand on
his dully aching head.
Near him stood a man in a gray uniform of some sort. He
was looking at Billie very curiously, so Billie stared back.
The big man was totally strange to him, but so was every-
thing here, and Billie spoke to him civilly: "Howdy, stranger.'"
"How are you?" replied the man in gray.
"Me? I'm all right except my head hurts like blazes.
Somebody must have" — He tried to rise, but somehow he
seemed to be too tired. So he compromised by crawling pain-
fully over to a sapling, against which he propped himself.
"What's your command?" continued the other man.
"Command?" said Billie blankly.
"Well, what's your name then?"
Billie smiled a capacious, winning Irish smile and said
pleasantly: "Billie. What's yours?"
"Billie what?"
Billie racked his brain, but he couldn't quite locate the
"what," so he gave it up. It made his head ache worse.
"Billie" he repeated blandly and looked up inviting further
conversation.
His questioner seemed at a loss, and his next question
showed it. "Is that your gun?" he asked irrelevently.
"Yes," said Billie. Which wasn't so, for he couldn't re-
member ever having seen a gun like that before. He crawled
over and took possession. "Nice old girl." he said, running
his hand along the shining barrel. "Billie — gun, Billie — gun,
Billie — gun." Forgotten the men and the doctor grouped
around him, all regarding him pityingly, forgotten the hor-
rible things strewn thick everywhere, forgotten everything.
In all the world nothing but Billie and his gun. "Billie—
gun," he repeated over and over again ; "Billie — gun."
"Your name's Billie Gun, isn't it?" said the doctor.
"Yes, sir." said Billie. "that's my name, Billie Gun."
There was a short whispered conversation and then the
doctor's voice was heard. "But I tell you, gentlemen," he said!
"it would be a shame to send the poor fellow to Richmond.
It is not right to put such men in prison. What am I to do?
Hasn't some one a suggestion?"
A moment of silence followed, and then a tall man. with
one arm heavily bandaged, said: "I have, doctor, but it is so
unusual that I hesitate greatly to make it. As you see, one
of Billie Gun's friends has put my arm out of commission,
and I think it only fair that Billie should take care of me
while it is healing. Suppose you let me have him. He will
fare much better with me than he would in Richmond, and I
don't think it makes much difference with him whom he is
with, poor fellow. If he recovers his memory, I will turn
him over to the proper authorities. I need scarcely assure
vou that he will be treated properly. In case you should wish
Qoi)federat<? l/etera>)\
55
to communicate with me, you will find me with the 27th Vir-
ginia. I am Colonel Green."
The doctor bowed in acknowledgment. "It is irregular.
Colonel Green." he said after a moment; "but it is certainly
the most humane thing I can do, and I shall accept your offer.
I need no assurance that you will be kind to him. May I
offer my congratulations for yesterday? I have heard many
good things of you and the 27th."
Billie heard nothing of all this; heard nothing of anything,
in fact. Always he caressed his sweetheart. "Billie Gun." he
muttered happily.
"Billie Gun," said the tall man "you are going with me.
We are going to be good friends. You're a good Confed-
erate, aren't you?"
"Yes, sir," said Billie, "I'm a good — a good — Billie Gun,"
he wandered on.
"Can you get up now?" asked the doctor.
"Yes, sir."
He tried it and finally succeeded, but it was painful work
indeed. He put an uncertain hand up to his head as though
it pained him, and his eyes were wet with the moisture of
anguish.
The tall man's eyes filled with tears. "The poor fellow, the
poor fellow," he said softly. "Will some one of you gentle-
men please help me get him on my horse? I will walk."
Thus they left, Billie swaying unsteadily in the big army-
saddle, the colonel walking beside, holding him on.
In bewildering succession came Gettysburg, and the Wilder-
ness again, and Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor and Richmond
and Petersburg, a horrible saturnalia of powder smoke
through which moved indistinctly gaunt men in tattered gray
uniforms. Among them a tall colonel and his shadow, a big,
blue-eyed, red-haired boy; a silent boy with a smile that some-
how went straight to the heart and made it ache ; a boy whose
dull eyes followed lovingly every movement of the tall man.
"The colonel and Billie Gun," the army called them. They
had no existence apart. Where the colonel was, there, or as
near there as he could get, was Billie. The colonel was often
in fearful places, oftener and oftener in the final awful days
when the lines grew thinner, but Billie knew no fear. He
knew nothing. "Yes, sir," was his only conversation ; his
only occupation in life to love and obey this tall man and to
cling to him.
And then Appomattox and two people going slowly down a
dusty road. One a sad-faced man on horeback, the other a
broad-shouldered, smiling boy, holding to the stirrup as he
shuffled along.
III.
Back to the sleepy Virginia town came one of its sons after
forty years of absence. He had left it in 1865, and this was
1905. Between had been years of privation, discouragement,
persistent effort, and finally, midway, success. The last twenty
years had brought ever-increasing fame, and now, standing
on the pinnacle of his profession, the great surgeon, very tired
and very hungry for rest, had bethought himself of his quiet
little native town at the foot of the Blue Ridge. So he was
at home once more.
His townspeople, honored by his presence and proud of his
modestly borne fame, nevertheless respected his desire to be
treated as one of them, and he established himself quietly in
the hospitable home of a cousin only too glad to receive him.
As boys they had played their games together, as men they
had fought their battles together, and now in the twilight of
life they met again, one a great surgeon, the other a
simple country doctor. The world rang with the fame of
one ; the whole countryside knew and loved the other. So
there was little difference after all.
One spring night they sat by themselves under the trees and
talked, sometimes laughingly, oftener sadly, of the tempes-
tuous, now dim days of warfare. They spoke familiarly of
great men and tremendous conflicts, and from the general they
arrived at the particular.
Said the country doctor : "There is a peculiarly sad case
out here at the county poorhouse, Jim. It is a poor fellow who
calls himself Billie Gun. Of course that's not his name, but
neither he nor any one else knows his right name or any-
thing about him. Colonel Green found him at Chancellors-
villc. He had been struck on the head, and his mind was an
absolute blank. The Colonel was kind to him, and the poor
fellow followed him like a dog as long as the Colonel lived.
When the Colonel died, in 1880, Miss Lizzie took care of
Billie, but she died about ten years later, and Greenwood was
sold, and they had to send him to the poorhouse. He has
been there ever since, a pathetic figure, a man in stature and
strength, a baby in mind and helplessness. He just sits all
day long in that God-forsaken place and smiles vacantly and
pleasantly into space. I wonder who he is and what, poor
fellow I"
"Poor fellow I" said the great surgeon thoughtfully. "Yes,
indeed, poor fellow !"
Some days later the great surgeon reopened the subject.
"Joe," said he, "Billie Gun has been running through my head
ever since you told me about him the other night. Somehow
or other he haunts me. You say he has no friends, no any-
thing, not even a past. Well, here's what I've been thinking
about. I want you to give me your honest opinion about it.
I've always wanted to know how long a brain's functions can
be suspended and then resumed and whether the last con-
scious impression is retained intact. You can see how almost
impossible it is to get a subject for an experiment like that,
and that's why Billie Gun seems to me to be sent by Provi-
dence. But here's what has been troubling me. Have I the
right, granting it should turn out as I would like, to bring
this old man back to life as a boy, with home and people
gone and forty years a blank? Or isn't it kinder to let him
remain in his darkness? It's the individual against the in-
stitution, and I don't want to do either one a wrong. What
do you think?"
The country doctor said nothing for a long while, and
then: "Jim, it isn't mere curiosity on your part, is it?"
"God, no I"
"You really think you might find something useful?"
"That's the point. It's all a gamble. I might, and again I
might not."
"You won't hurt the old fellow?"
"Not if careful work will prevent it."
"Then I think you should take the chance."
The great surgeon looked his gratitude and relief. "That's
what I thought you would say. Now I want you to look at
this. It's an agreement to pay the man known as Billie Gun
six hundred dollars annually for the rest of his life. I owe
him something, and I think six hundred dollars is fair. The
old man won't be without means that way. I have also agreed
to aid him in every way I can to find his people. You don't
think the county authorities would object to that, do you?"
"Not the least in the world. Thev would be only too glad.'"
"And Billie?"
56
^ppfederat^ l/eterap.
"Billie hasn't said anything but 'Yes, sir,' in forty years.
He wouldn't know how to say 'No.' "
"All right, then. We will go down to the clerk's office and
tile this, and if the county authorities will agree to it I will
write to Boston and ask Morton to come down at once. He
is interested in such cases too."
So Billie Gun for the second time in his life was moved, a
humble pawn, his one square over the chess board of life.
Three doctors and two nurses and several other people stood
in the cheerless room in the poorhouse and watched the "man
known as Billie Gun" come back to life. A pitiful, halting
return it was, like a blind man groping his way through an
unfamiliar room. From time to time the big hands, with their
gnarled, discolored fingers, twitched restlessly, and occa-
sionally an eyelid fluttered a brief second. Otherwise only a
feeble pulse showed that life was still there.
The minutes dragged slowly by ; the pulse became stronger.
Suddenly the eyes opened wide, startled eyes, in them a look
something akin to fear.
" eat his supper in peace," the man muttered. Then he
looked around dazedly. "What— what's this?" he said.
Bending over him was a man he didn't know. He couldn't
understand this at all.
"Where are the boys?" he asked.
"What boys, Billie?" said the unknown man.
"What boys? The 35th New York."
"Gone, Billie," said the other gently. "Gone these many
years." Tears were in his eyes, for he had seen his comrades
answer the last roll call, and Billie's question made his heart
heavy indeed.
Billie looked questioningly at the bare walls and out through
the open window. Before him rose Piedmont Virginia, wave
after wave of spring-touched green hill and vale, off in the
distance the softly undulating Blue Ridge half veiled in pur-
plish mist, a landscape that had unrolled before his eyes fif-
teen years of summer and winter, spring and autumn, now
an unknown land. His look came back to the bare room and
fell on the old, old hands resting on the bed. Painfully he
lifted one of them to his face and ran the fingers through a
heavy beard. It was strange, passing strange.
He lay still, very still, a moment and then closed his eyes
again with a sigh. "O God t" murmured Billie O'Brien
wearily, and died.
MISSING.
In the cool, sweet hush of a wooded nook,
Where the May buds sprinkle the green old mound
And the winds and the birds and the limpid brook
Murmur their dreams with a drowsy sound,
Who lies so still in the plushy moss,
With his pale cheek pressed on a breezy pillow.
Crouched where the light and the shadows cross
Through the flickering fringe of the willow?
Who lies, alas !
So still, so chill in the whispering grass?
Nor bird, nor moon, nor whispering wind
May breathe the tale of the hollow ;
Alas ! alas !
The secret is safe with the woodland grass.
LAST DAYS OF THE CONFEDERACY.
BY I. G. BRADWELL, BRANTLEY, ALA.
From the battle of Fort Steadman until we evacuated our
lines at Petersburg was only eight days, and the enemy con-
tented himself in our front by raining his mortar shells on
us day and night, when he could have taken the position at
any time by direct assault with his overwhelming forces.
Our men stood in a very thin skirmish line facing them, but
they never made an effort to drive us out. As far as our
brigade and corps extended we held to the last, when we
marched away unmolested. But farther to the right there
were fewer defenders, and on the morning of April 2 the
enemy massed his forces and made a determined attack. The
few Confederates there made a stubborn fight and repulsed the
enemy; but the fighting was renewed, and the little force of
defenders was finally all killed. The way was now open for
them to advance and take the city (Petersburg), but they
had had enough fighting for the day and contented themselves
with remaining quiet until the morning of the 3d, when they
entered the place. Perhaps they thought General Lee had an
inner line of works and had a trap set for them, or they had
lost so heavily in the fight with the few Confederates at the
fort that they did not care to renew the offensive.
If our rations had been scant before the capture of Stead-
man, they were now more so. Everything was demoralized,
and we got only enough to keep soul and body together ; yet
we felt that if we could only get out of those breastworks
and bombproofs where we could once more straighten out
our limbs and breathe the fresh air we would be willing to
meet our enemy in the open field again.
Events were taking place far to the right, of which we did
not know, that brought about this very thing. Grant was
massing his forces in that quarter on General Lee's thin lines
in an effort to cut his communications and force him to sur-
render. Our defenses were stripped to meet the combined
armies of Grant and Sheridan; but all of these were no match
for the great numbers of the enemy, and our men were out-
flanked and defeated at Five Forks on March 26, the day
after the capture of Fort Steadman. There was nothing now
left to General Lee but to use his own judgment in evacuating
Petersburg and Richmond, a thing which he would have done
no doubt months before if he had not been hampered by in-
structions from the authorities at Richmond. The situation
for our army in January was hopeless. Everybody knew this
except those who issued orders from our War Department
to hold our lines. Everything of value to us could have been
removed at that time to a place of safety, if there was such
a place in the Confederacy, and the army could have been
consolidated with Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's. At last they
woke up to the facts when it was too late to issue orders
and the enemy was already too far toward our right and
rear for us to escape.
So we stood there facing the enemy for eight days after
the fight and capture of Fort Steadman under their mortar
shells, and on the morning of April 2 there was fighting some
distance to our right. News came that our line was broken.
Still the enemy in our front made no other demonstration
except the usual shelling. We were ready for them and
would have made them pay dearly for any success on their
part. Night came on, and the brigade marched out of the
works it had held since February as the full moon rose and
lit up the landscape. I was ordered to remain in the works
until midnight, when I would be relieved by an officer. My
orders were to watch the movements of the enemy, but not
Qoijfederat^ l/eterai).
57
to shoot. I was told that two of our pickets would be
left with me, one on the extreme right of the line formerly
held by the regiment and the other on the left, each some
distance from me. As the regiment marched away I stood
at my post and looked, as I thought, at an old regimental
flag which I had followed through the smoke of so many
battles and my comrades for the last time. Everything
around me was still as a graveyard, except now and then the
noise of a passing Minie ball or the explosion of a mortar
shell. Far to the right the troops in that quarter were still
holding their position, and a noisy fight was in progress ; but
this finally ceased, and we alone of Lee's army, which had
defied the power and resources of the United States so long,
remained to face the enemy.
When the moon reached the zenith and no officer came, I
began to grow uneasy. For some time I was uncertain what
course to pursue. Finally I decided to go to the left and
see Haynes, thinking perhaps an officer was there with him.
I found him on his post gazing in the direction of the enemy.
He told me that no officer had been there. I asked him what
we should do, but he could give me no advice. I suggested
that perhaps the officer was with Williams, on the right, and
proposed that we go and see. We did so, but did not find the
officer of the day (night) there. Although I was the youngest
• of the three, I proposed, as we had remained faithfully on
post until the hour to be relieved and no officer had come and
was not likely to come, that we take it upon ourselves to
leave and follow the army. This met with their approval.
and we started for the zigzag entrance which gave us a
safe exit to a ravine in rear out of range of Minie balls.
But beyond the ravine the ground was elevated and quite
open. As we began the ascent we came into full view of the
artillerymen in Fort Steadman, and they opened on us with
their rifle cannon. At first we attempted to run. but we were
so weak from our long fast and cramped condition in the
breastworks that we found this impossible, and we slowed
down and let them shoot. Their solid shot whizzed by us,
but did us no harm.
Great fires were raging in the city, for the authorities were
burning the big warehouses filled with all kinds of army
stores, and the flames were leaping skyward, illuminating the
city and surrounding country. O how I wanted to go and
get some of these before they were entirely consumed ! but
my comrades were hurrying to get to the bridge before it
should be blown up and would not listen to the suggestion.
Straggling soldiers could be seen running about, some of
whom had helped themselves freely to liquor and were not
in a condition to navigate. A citizen trotting along and
shoving a pushcart loaded with groceries from the burning
warehouses struck an obstacle in the street and dumped his
load on the ground. The head fell out of a barrel of flour,
and I ran to it and filled my haversack, grabbed up a ham.
and souzed my canteen into a barrel of syrup standing near
by, while my comrades standing on the sidewalk were hurry-
ing me up. It was well that I did this, as will later be seen.
We w-ere soon at the bridge spanning the Appomattox,
which I suppose is about fifty yards wide at this place. A
man stood at the farther end waving a flaming torch and
called to us to hurry across, as he was about to blow r it up.
When we reached him we begged him not to be in too great
a hurry, as many of our men were coming on and the town
was full of stragglers, all of whom would be cut off with
no means of getting to their commands. Others now came
up, and we left them urging him to desist for a short while.
When we reached the top of the hill, some distance away,
we heard a big explosion, and, looking back, we saw the
timbers of the bridge rising skyward and changing ends like
arrows. How many of our men were cut off I cannot say,
but I am certain there were some who had to swim that
night or surrender the next morning.
The night was far spent now, and we looked for a friendly
fence corner, where we spread our blankets and were soon
asleep. At daylight we struck out on track of the army. I
was practically barefooted, but had the good luck to find a
cast-off pair of shoes that fit my feet, and with these I
marched with my comrades all day until I reached our com-
mand. They were glad to see me, and especially my well-
filled haversack, for they had not drawn anything to eat. I
divided what I had with them with the understanding that
they would repay me when rations w^ere issued. We did not
know at the time that it would be days before we would get
anything more to eat. This was the night of the 3d, and,
if I remember correctly, we had nothing more until the night
of the 8th. But we all felt cheerful and happy that we were
no longer confined to the breastworks and the trying condi-
tions in front of Fort Steadman. It would be impossible to
describe the suffering of our men and army horses and mules
from this time until General Lee finally surrendered at Ap-
pomattox Courthouse.
A great part of this suffering could have been avoided if
our authorities at Richmond, for they had ample time and
warning, had hauled those supplies which they burned at
Petersburg to convenient points along our route, now the
only one left by which we could hope to escape. Our poor,
faithful animals were without feed and were unable to drag
the trains along loaded with ammunition and other impedi-
menta, so that General Lee had a large heap of shells piled
up in one place and exploded to keep them out of the hands
of the enemy. I was sorry that these could not be used in
driving back our enemies, who were pressing us so unmerci-
fully. We were almost continually under fire from the left
flank and rear, but our brigade kept up their organization
throughout the whole trying march and on several occasions
stopped and repulsed our tormentors, only to be met again by
others farther on.
The wretched condition of our men grew worse from day
to day until we reached Appomattox Courthouse at night on
the 8th. Our brigade marched into a body of woods near the
little village, and rations were issued to us. We kindled fires
and were preparing the food when the rattle of small arms
and the boom of cannon at the Courthouse were heard, and
we were called to arms. We "fell in" and were marched to
the scene of the trouble: but when we reached the place we
found neither friend nor foe there, only the cannon abandoned
by our men or the enemy standing in the courthouse square.
We went back to our bivouac and fell down on our blankets
for a short sleep and rest for the battle which we knew was
inevitable the next morning.
I was soon sound asleep, but an inaudible voice came to me
that on the morrow I would fight my last battle and the war
would be over. I woke at the call to arms just before day
with this agreeable impression on my mind and took my place
in the ranks. As we marched through the village the pieces
of artillery abandoned early in the night w-ere still there. A
public road runs through the place from north to south, and
as we took our position on the east side of this in the early
dawn we could see in the heavy fog that Rodes's old di-
vision, which had done such wonderful fighting on so many
battle fields, now reduced to only a few hundred, had already-
arrived and were in line on the other side of the road, sup-
58
^otyfederat^ Ueterap.
ported by a battery of artillery posted on the roadside to
their left. Our formation was hardly complete when the
order was given to them to advance. They struck the enemy
immediately, and as soon as they 'had disappeared in the fog
the order came to us to move forward. Every man was
ready to respond, and we had gone only a short distance when
we were greeted by the bullets of the enemy. Our men
rushed forward with their usual yell and a volley which broke
the enemy immediately. We followed and captured a battery,
which they may have abandoned purposely, and hred it at
the retreating enemj', perhaps the last cannon fired by Lee's
army. We were entirely unsupported on the left, and Rodes's
men on the right were too weak to cope alone with the
enemy on their right; but we were anxious to push our advan-
tage still farther, when the order came to cease firnig.
The thought flashed through our minds that perhaps Gen-
eral Lee had surrendered the army. No language can ex-
press our mingled feelings of sorrow and joy at the thought —
sorrow that we had fought so long and suffered so much in
vain : that so many of our brave comrades had sacrificed their
lives for a cause that was not victorious, and especially for
our noble old commander, whom we all loved and respected
as a father: and joy that our sufferings and dangers were
at last about to end. Tears were in the eyes of manj' as we
reformed our ranks and started back toward the village.
Looking back to the right and rear, we saw a man in blue
uniform riding toward us # and waving a red handkerchief
before him, while his long, curly, flaxen hair stood out be-
hind him in the morning air. As he passed us he inquired
who was in command. Some one replied : "General Gordon."
A young soldier, with tears streaming down his cheeks,
brought into position his gun to shoot and was in the act of
doing so when some one knocked it up and said : "Don't !
Perhaps General Lee has surrendered, and it might cause
trouble." He was a splendid marksman, and if he had not
been hindered the bloody-minded tyrant Custer, the incen-
diary who helped to burn out the Valley of Virginia, the
murderer of our military scouts and inoffensive citizens,
would never have lived to fight the Sioux Indians. Like
Richard III of England, who fought for his crown and lost
his life at Eosworth Field, he was a brave man, but cruel;
like the lion-hearted Richard, he was brave, but his cruelty
overshadowed his heroic conduct in battle.
Looking from our elevated position south of the town, we
could see far to the north the remnant of the army several
miles away. General Lee was there and had arranged the
terms of surrender; but we never saw him after this. We
were marched into a field to the west of the road near the
village, and there we stacked arms and parked our wagons.
Two pounds of fresh beef were issued to each man, on which
we subsisted the five days we remained there. The Yankees
said it was all they had to give us, as Gen. Fitzhugh Lee.
following their rear with a small brigade of cavalry, had
destroyed two hundred and fifty wagons of their supply
trains, and they had nothing but a herd of beef cattle to sub-
sist upon. Every night I spread my blanket at the root of a
small oak, and in the morning when I awoke I wondered how
long it would be before I should be hungry enough to gnaw
the bark off of it.
The first night after the surrender a movement was started
by some one in the brigade to seize our arms and rush through
the lines of the enemy, make our way to the mountains, and
there continue the war to the bitter end. We had torn our
regimental flag from its staff and divided it into small pieces
for each man to keep as a sacred relic. As soon as General
Gordon heard of our intention he got up in a wagon and
made us a speech, strongly condemning such course. He
advised us to go peacefully to our homes and restore our
country and our fortunes, praising us for our achievements
and heroic conduct. His kind words had a good effect, and
no effort was made to violate the terms of the surrender.
He somewhere found a new flag, which he fastened to the
old staff, and this one was surrendered.
Finally, on the fifth morning, when all the Confederate
troops were gone, we were ordered to take up our arms and
were marched to the public road, where we found a long
line of Yankee troops already formed and awaiting us about
thirty feet on the other side. They appeared to be well fed
and clothed, while we were ragged and almost dead from
starvation. We were formed about thirty feet in front of
them and stood there a few minutes, while not a word was
spoken. Presently some one in the ranks of the enemy began
to address us in the most opprobrious language. Then others
joined in with him, using the vilest epithets. This continued
for some time, when a mounted officer in the rear spoke to
his men and told them to hush or he would break his sword
over the head of the next offender, winding up by calling
them a set of cowards and saying that those Confederate
soldiers were brave men, and if they were half as brave they
would have whipped them long ago. It was our time now,
and every one of us yelled and cheered the officer.
We were ordered to stack arms, and Colonel Lowe, of the
31st Georgia Regiment, who w ! as in command of the brigade,
told us if we had anything on our persons that belonged to
the Confederacy to put if on the stacks. We divested our-
selves of our cartridge boxes, and while we were doing this
Captain Walker, our faithful old regimental commissary and
quartermaster, who for the last two years had fed General
Lee's whole army, spoke to us and said if we would follow
him, Colonel Lowe, and Dr. Butts, our surgeon, that day they
would conduct us to where we could get meal, and if we
would follow them the second day we could get meal and
meat. They rode off slowly as we broke ranks, and we tried
to keep in sight of them ; but many of us were so weak from
hunger that at first we could go only a very short distance
without becoming exhausted. We gained strength gradually
as the day advanced and at dark reached a mill twenty-four
miles from where we started. Captain Walker had ridden
ahead and put the miller to work grinding corn for us. I
had a new tin cup, a spoon, and a frying pan, and with these
I soon had a hoecake, the sweetest morsel I ever ate. My
frying pan cooked many such cakes that night for my com-
rades. The next day we followed our guides twenty-six
miles to another mill, where we got meal and meat to last us
to Danville, where we got a full supply and transportation to
Greensboro, N. C.
Persecution 1 . — * * * In addition to the Southampton mas-
sacre and the failure of the legislature to enact any effective
legislation, the contemporary rise of the Abolitionists in the
North came as an even more powerful factor to embarrass the
efforts of the Virginia emancipators. Unlike the antislaverj'
men of former years, this new school not only attacked the
institution of slavery, but the morality of the slaveholders and
their sympathizers. In their fierce arraignment not only
were the humane and considerate linked in infamy with- the
cruel and intolerant, but the whole population of the slave-
owning States, their civilization and their morals, were the
object of unrelenting and incessant assaults. — Beverly Mun-
ford.
Qoi}federat^ Ueterai),
59
MRS. T. A. ROBERTS.
A HEROINE OF THE SIXTIES.
CONTRIBUTED BY A DAUGHTER OF THE CONFEDERACY.
In the spring of 1863 an ambulance driven by a Confed-
erate soldier stopped by the "big gate" of Mountain View, the
home of Mr. Charles H. Payne, of Giles County, Va. Ex-
pecting to find a wounded Confederate soldier, Miss Lizzie,
the young daughter of Mr. Payne, hastened to the gate. The
driver remarked; "Miss Payne, this is one time you will not
want to &o anything for the soldier. We have at last cap-
tured the famous Yankee, Colonel Rucker. and we are taking
him to prison, provided
he lives to get there."
Miss Payne thought she
: hated a Yankee with a
holy hatred, but her heart
was touched when she
discovered that Colonel
Rucker was ill. She told
the driver he must wait :
she could not let him go
until she had made the
prisoner comfortable.
She gave him medicine
! and delicacies and did
everything in her power
to make the journey to
Richmond less arduous.
This incident was soon
forgotten by the family.
During the summer her
brother, E. F. Payne, of the 24th Virginia Infantry, a daring,
reckless boy, was captured by the Yankees. He was made
to march miles through mud almost to his knees and was
taken to a Yankee camp for the night. In the middle of the
night in a seemingly mysterious way a Yankee overcoat and
cap were given to him, and the guards disappeared. Young
Payne, of course, made his escape.
In May, 1S64, Mr. Payne's home was invaded by a number
of General Averill's men. One soldier said to Miss Payne :
"We want the keys to old Charley Payne's wine cellar, and
we want them d — quick too. We have heard what is there
and mean to have it." Upon being told that there was nothing-
there some of the men ran to the cellar door, knocked it in,
but found the cellar empty. The contents had been hidden
elsewhere. Another soldier yelled : "Here is a closet under
the steps, and we know what that means."
A forty-gallon barrel of old brandy was rolled out in the
hall. Miss Payne told one of the officers that if he would
keep the men quiet and get the large buckets from the kitchen
she would hold the buckets while he tilted the barrel, and they
could carry the brandy out in the yard to the men.
The officer, who was about half drunk, knocked out the
bung, and the brandy began to gush out. Every few minutes
he would swear and ask if the buckets were not full. Miss
Payne kept filling the buckets, and soon her clothes were
saturated, and the fine old brandy was several inches deep on
the floor. The soldiers dashed into the house like wild men,
some dipping it up in their hands, while others dropped on the
floor, drinking like madmen.
One burly, rough-looking man went into the parlor and
said to Miss Payne: "Your fine curtains and mahogany will
make good kindling. We intend to burn your house." He-
began striking matches to set the curtains on fire, but as fast
as he struck one Miss Payne would knock it out of his hand.
He asked her if she was not afraid. Her eyes flashed, and
she told him no. He then remarked: "You are such a d — n
plucky little d— 1 that some of Averill's men will marry you in
spite of j'ourself. We Yankees all like Southern girls."
In the midst of this pandemonium an officer sprang through
the door and said: "Miss Payne, I suppose you have heard of
me. I am a horse thief, nigger thief, and bridge burner."
She thought they were doomed, as she and her step-mother,
a mere girl, were alone and at the mercy of a band of drunken
soldiers. At the approach of the bluecoats the negroes had
fled to the mountains. But this Yankee officer was their de-
liverer. He began giving orders and brandishing his sword,
and in an unbelievable time every soldier was out of the house.
He then asked her if she remembered the year before when
she had shown kindness to a poor sick Union soldier under
guard on his way to prison. This was the same Colonel
Rucker who was taken to prison and afterwards escaped. He-
had saved her brother from prison and her father's house
from destruction.
He then told her: "You saved my life, and I have done
what I could for your brother and yourself, and now I want
to ask you some questions. Will you tell me just the position
of the Confederate forces in this section?"
She replied : "You know Colonel Jackson is guarding Gap
Mountain and Colonel Jenkins's command is at the Nanono."
Colonel Rucker replied : "Yes, I know that."
Miss Payne then said : "Did you know that General Mc-
Causland is marching from Staunton?"
He sprang to his feet and exclaimed, "My God ! they will
have us like a rat in a trap." He rushed out of the house,
giving orders as he ran. In a few minutes a veritable inferno
had broken loose — soldiers double-quicking, horses rearing
and plunging, oath after oath mingled with the orders of the
officers, wagons overturned and fired, crasn'ing of timbers, and
deafening explosions of ammunition. They were trying to
make their escape over Salt Pond Mountain, now known as
Mountain Lake.
The wagons loaded with supplies were left burning, but
many were not entirely destroyed. Coffee was scattered for
miles.
After the army had gone the people living in the mountains
in little cabins and desperately poor, the men all in the army,
gathered up cloth and provisions enough to last them for
months.
Miss Payne knew that if General Averill's men remained
on her father's farm the entire section of country would be
ruined. She knew nothing whatever of the position of Gen-
eral McCausland's command, and she did not tell Colonel
Rucker that McCausland was marching from Staunton, but
asked him if he knew he was.
Several years later at a social function in West Virginia
this incident was mentioned, and a gentleman present re-
marked : "Madam, I was one of the lieutenants at that time ;
and if it is any comfort to you, I can assure you that the
way you misled Colonel Rucker gave us one of the very
hardest experiences we ever had and cost the Northern army
thousands upon thousands of dollars in the loss of supplies
and ammunition."
Miss Payne's entire girlhood was spent amid the most
perilous and trying scenes, her life many times in danger, her
brother (Capt. W. H. Payne, 24th Virginia Infantry, after-
wards Payne's Rangers) was killed at the head of his com-
mand leading them to battle, and her home and life were con-
stantly threatened by the deserters. Yet she met every vicissi-
tude with a dauntless courage that never wavered.
'/
6o
^o^federat^ Ueterai).
On April 13, 1865, Elizabeth Payne became the bride of the
gallant young officer, Capt. Thomas A. Roberts, quartermaster
Company A, 22d Virginia Infantry. They endured the priva-
tions and hardships of the Reconstruction period cheerfully
and were granted more than fifty happy years together.
Mrs. Roberts was a charter member of the Southern Cross
Chapther, of Salem, Va., and always active in Confederate
work. She loved the Confederacy with an undying love and
clung tenaciously to the old Southern ideals. Her sunny dis-
position and lovely Christian character were an inspiration ;
her life was a benediction. She was the most devoted wife,
tenderest mother, affectionate sister, and loyal friend. On
November 22, 1920, after a lingering illness, God called her to
her heavenly home. Mrs. Roberts is survived by her husband
and four children— C. R. Roberts and Mrs. Rosalynd Roberts
Evans, of Salem, and T. A. Roberts, Jr.. and Henry H.
Roberts, of Pulaski, Va.
She sleeps, but her influence lives.
PAGES FROM AN OLD AUTOGRAPH ALBUM.
BY MILDRED REYNOLDS SAFFOLD, MONTGOMERY, ALA.
There is with all of us the memory of some magical place
where the sky was blue and bluer, where the stars seem to
have come out of the pale distant depths of heaven for the
express purpose of transforming our everyday life into one
of romance.
Old letters, faded flowers, or even the passing of an in-
tangible and volatile perfume will bring back to us memories
that are actual moral personages, so necessary to our happi-
ness that we bear them under a sacred arch, sheltered from
all injury and from all contact.
Such were my thoughts when looking over an old auto-
graph album (a gift now obsolete) presented to a kinswoman
back in the early fifties by an aunt whose husband had the
distinction of being Minister to the Court of St. James.
In turning these pages, bearing the autographs of many
who have long since passed to a place somewhere beyond the
stars, I wondered if after so many years I could weave a
mantle of dreams to fit my fancy what must this old album
have meant to the possessor to whom the nearness and dear-
ness of personality ever remained. However, it shows time
that was taken leisurely, moving with dignity, but savoring
of wise philosophy and subtle honor, as in the good old days
one savored the bouquet of vintage wines.
There is a tradition in the family that this same old aunt,
after leaving the courts of England and coming back to the
small provincial town of her birth, had been so far contami-
nated by the frivolities of the Old World as to commit the
unpardonable (?) sin of appearing at meetin' in a hat draped
in a black lace scarf, actually topped off with a red rose.
Such unseemly conduct called forth the wrath of her min-
ister, who, as a messenger of peace and a healer of souls,
felt it encumbent upon him for the protection of his flock
tc have a meeting of the governing board and "Sister" 's
name taken from the membership list until a time when she
would repent of having taken such liberties with the conven-
tions of that period and saw fit to come back into the paths
of rectitude.
I wonder what those dear, sainted brethren would think if
they could rise up and see the styles of this day and time,
when the dresses are worn at wading length and as revealing
as an X-ray?
However, despite the episode of the filmy lace scarf and
the red, red rose. Aunt must have done penance for her
thoughtless indiscretion, donned accordingly some sober
bonnet in keeping with the tenets of her Church, and quietly
resumed her seat on the side where the "lambs were separated
from the goats" (in those days it was customary for the men
and women to sit on the opposite sides of the church), for
the faded inscription on the time-yellowed page shows deep
religious principles, reading as it does, "To Elizabeth, child
of God, self-reverence, self-knowledge, and self-control ;
these three alone lead life to sovereign power," the inscription
concluding with the twenty-second verse of the thirty-third
Psalm and the year 1851.
Aunt retires from the scene now, and we have a mental
picture of Elizabeth, with eyes of Irish blue and hair of
satiny sheen, parted severely and brought down over her
ears and done in a low coil at the back of a swanlike neck.
A rosebud is pinned coyly on the side, proclaiming her the
coquette that she is, while we know that her dress, fashioned
of silk that "stood alone," was worn over a hoop skirt of
voluminous proportions and must have been of that shade
called "ashes of roses." Her shoulders, too, of snowy white-
ness were enfolded around by a fichu of rarest lace, possibly
a relic of Aunt's reckless Old World days, and held together
by a pearl-encircled cameo, completing the picture.
Next we visualize the parlor, where, placed in geometrical
precision, is the upholstered horehair furniture, wax flowers
under a glass case on a "whatnot" standing over in the cor-
ner. On the opposite side of the room is an ancient piano-
forte of severe design, and should you care to observe a
little closer you would find resting on the music rack that
sweet, doleful old ballad, "The Years Creep Slowly by,
Lorena," and conveniently near a well-worn copy of Gospel
Hymns.
Upon the floor you would not see rugs laid around at ran-
dom, but a carpet evidently woven by some poetical weaver
who had been fond of autumn leaves and old-fashioned
flower gardens, a fire of glowing embers behind a highly
polished fender, while last, but not least, the "piece de re-
sistance," a center table of carved mahogany and marble-
topped, whereon is kept the family Bible and Elizabeth's
autograph album.
The sentiments of the first gay, gallant knight (the absence
of feminine handwriting is noticeable) were penned at a
famous watering place in Virginia, the playground of belles
and beaux for more than a century. The time is September
11, 1853. when doubtless the day was as beautiful as any
summer day, only the leaves were falling : and he was going
away, it reads :
"Soon I these familiar scenes will leave,
Where I, delighted, would ever tarry ;
But duty calls, and can I grieve
For that which I should never parry?
When far away I think of thee,
Thy sparkling eye and face so pretty.
O sometimes then remember me.
Pining, dying for Miss !"
Another, a more formal knight, who makes his S's like
F's, being a guest at the same place, is next in order and
with a touch of levity writes :
"I have the honour to be,
My dear Misstress B,
Yours most respectfullee."
Orange Courthouse, Va.
(S. H. Carey.)
Qopfederat^ l/eterag.
6r
It seems that the Old Dominion State was the setting
for the first budding of love's young dream, for in turning
the next few pages one is almost startled by the sentiments
of another whose heart strings are evidently familiar with a
greater harmony than friendship, but, being a man, who can
tell? 'Anyway, with almost a note of anguish he writes:
"Just beyond life's flowing river,
Just beyond life's crystal sea,
Where the slanting moonbeans quiver,
Darling, I will wait for thee.
Wait for thee in all thy beauty.
Oblivious to all life's storms,
Waiting, waiting just to hold you
Safe forever in my arms."
This bears the date of midsummer, and I like to picture
Henry Ogden (for that is his name) and Elizabeth standing
somewhere in the scented shadows of a languid moonlit
night strung to the strains of the sensuous music of the
"Blue Danube Waltzes" and lost in a reverie to all things
beautiful. I even like to think Elizabeth kissed him, for to
one who expresses himself in such rapturous terms kisses
would be as full of sanctity as the touch of holy bread.
The next contribution to this old album, so full of tender
memories, moves a little closer home and is signed by a name
still well known in the old Palmetto State:
"Something original, fair lady.
From me you fain would win?
I've nothing original in me
Unless 'tis original sin."
(Henry MiddletoiO
Charleston. S. C. 1856.
From Carolina, our cousin State, we turn to one, perhaps a
type of American rolling stone, who does not write his name,
but signs himself "An Exile from Missouri" ; but well wo
know that a sphere of harmony and peace detained his wan-
dering footsteps and that Elizabeth's old-fashioned parlor
was second home to him as he sat on the rigid slippery horse-
hair sofa and wrote :
"Too young to talk of love
And of course not old enough to lecture.
What to write or what to say
Is a matter of conjecture."
On the next page there is something of a shielding and
protective nature in the lines written and signed by J. Walker
Percy, of Nashville, Tenn, and the year is 1856:
"Come, let me weave. O maiden fair,
A wreath to shield thy brow from care ;
A wreath of fragrant, deathless flowers
To cheer through life thy darkest hours."
And would you believe that erudite statesman, L. Q. C.
Lamar, of Mississippi, could step down and for once lay
aside his judicial dignity long enough to pen this bit of
foolish rhyme?
"When all your friends forsake you
And loved ones love you not,
Then come to me, dear ,
As fast as you can trot."
Lamar, however, at the time of writing this had not taken
his scat as judge of the Supreme Court of the United States,
that honor coming as late as 1887. Still this only goes tc
prove that "a little nonsense now and then is relished by the
wisest men."
Turning farther, we find the next two pages written op-
posite the other, each bearing the same date, and we are con-
vinced that these two gallant beaux, hailing from their re-
spective States, Tennessee and Arkansas, had called the after-
noon of a perfect day to pay court to their lady love and
had seated themselves amid the fragrance of climbing roses
and the sunlit greenery of the wide, white-columned portico.
Elizabeth, I fancy, has kept them waiting, and as a reward
for their patience the hospitable old butler is handing a silver
tray on which there is something to cheer the inner man.
In those days every occasion, from a christening to a funeral,
was mellowed by the passing of rare old wines : but, the time
being June. I am sure that mint juleps in white-frosted glasses
must have beer <Fe inspiration for the following :
"Let schoolmasters puzzle their brains
With grammar and nonsense and learning;
Good liquor, I stoutly maintain.
Gives genius a better discerning."
These forceful four lines are signed by J. McCuen, of Ten-
iessee, sister State, you will observe, to Kentucky: while
the other, a Mr. W. M. Bradford, of Pine Bluff, Ark., con-
icits nimself with Ben Johnson's famous lines:
"Drink to me only with thine eyes,
And I will pledge with mine."
Now we turn to a time that left us graves unmarked and
memories, the War between the States, and the year is 1861.
This rollicking soldier boy. mayhap the type who loves and
rides away, signs himself "Major General Loring," and his
contribution is written in a facetious vein, as follows :
"If I forget thee ever,
Then let me prosper never,
But let it cause
My tongue and jaws
To cling and cleave together."
Then comes a sailor lad. and, written in a feminine hand, a
footnote which says: "Lost at sea." He signs himself with
initials only, W. 5. M., and writes:
"Through life's winding valley, in anguish, in rest.
Exalted in joy or by sorrow depressed,
From its place in the mirror that lies on my heart
Thine image shall never one moment depart."
Last, but far be it from least, the next charming sentiment
expressed, we are convinced, was penned by a man who must
have been possessed of that magic gift which in the other sex
turns the blood of men to old Burgundy and the blood of
some woman to vinegar. Some designate this power uncon-
scious hypnotism, others excessive personal magnetism. Any-
way, the person who is possessed of that odd, nameless gift
can pick and choose, and they usually do ; and so my flexible
fancy is again set a-dreaming as I picture him standing by
the marble-topped table, manner debonnaire, with just a
touch of light humor, yet with a dignity born of courageous
forbears and splendid traditions as he writes this subtle auto-
graph. It is signed by none other than the gallant Wade
Hampton, and the year is 1861 :
"Meh Lady: My heart is infused with love, but to that -love
peace is wanting."
There are more, many more, all declaring love undying and
friendships lasting; but I have chosen only at random such
62
^oijfederac^ Ifeterai).
as appealed to me and whose pen had left the imprint of a
vivid personality.
Elizabeth never married. Whether she remained true to
the soldier boy who loved and rode away or the sailor lad
at sea. I never knew. However, I always thought she would
have been the fit companion for the quiet fires of some home
man's hearth. She lived beyond the threescore years and
ten allotted to man and was laid to rest amid the down-
drifting leave? of a late November day and at an hour when
the twilight was drawing its shadowy veil over the world
Close by is "Aunt." upon whose marble slab ''the name and
dates time with mossy hand almost obliterates." However,
by carefully pushing aside the ivy vines that seem to hold
the old grave in an affectionate embrace one can read. " .
consort of ." and we know she died when this vain world
was younger by many years. We also feel that her greatest
sin was the frailty of a feminine fancy for a filmy lace scarf
and the love of a red, red rose.
I close the old album that had held in sacret trust these
many years the autographs of those who are now drifting
dust, yet even as drifting dust they had wafted rae on the
wings of fancy to the "Port o' Dreams."
As I put it back in its place upon the shelf of a musty
antiquated bookshelf I lifted it tenderly, feeling that it should
have been laid away reverently among sprigs of rosemary in
remembrance of better days and vanished splendors. I even
felt that I had clasped hands across the space of years wit:
those whose names were now paling on the time-yellowea
pages, and as I turned the key I held silent communion with
the poet who wrote :
"When all our hopes and fears are dead
And all our hearts are cold,
Then love is like a tune that's played
And life a tale that's told."
WITH ARMISTEAD AT GETTYSBURG.
BY CAPT. T. C. HOLLAND, STEEDMAN, MO.
The article in the Veteran for September, 1920, by J. A.
Stevens, of Burnet, Tex., and the response to it in the No-
vember issue by Airs. H. F. Lewis, of Bristol, Tenn., all in
regard to the death and last expressions of Gen. Lewis
Armistead after that famous charge of Pickett's men at Get-
tysburg on the 3d of July, 1863. bring out this statement
from me.
The first histories written after the war stated that General
Armistead was killed on the field, which I had to correct
through the public journals. He died, as well as I remember,
about 9 a.m. on July 5 after intense suffering. I never shall
forget his request after we were moved to a temporary
hospital beneath the shade of some trees. "Please don't step
so close to me," said he to the surgeons and nurses as he
lay on the cot on the ground. '
We started on the charge, as history tells, with approxi-
mately five thousand men. My company (G, 28th Virginia)
had eighty-eight men, and only seven answered at roll call
that night — some killed, some wounded, and some missing.
Genera! Garnett was on the right, General Kemper bringing
up the left, and Armistead in the center. As we "marched
through the valley of death" and after we crossed the Em-
mettsburg road our men began to f:il! fast. The colonel of
the 28th Virginia, R. C. Allen, was killed after we had got-
ten within some two hundred yards of the stone fence. The
next officer T saw fall was General Garnett. We then crossed
the stone fence almost at the mouth of Cushing's Philadelphia
Battery, and here is where General Armistead fell. I was
a little to his left and had passed only a few paces when I
fell, unconscious as to what was going on. During the after-
noon General Armistead, myself, and quite a number of of-
ficers were removed to the temporary hospital over beyond
Cemetery Heights.
While on our way to the trees where we were taken no
one stopped our carriers but once, and he seemed to be an
ambulance officer or surgeon, who only directed the ambu-
lance party. I am confident that no one spoke to General
Armistead en route to those trees, as we were quite close to
each other. What may have taken place at the hospital I
am not prepared to say.
While at the peace meeting at Gettysburg in 1913, standing
where General Armistead fell, a man and his wife approached
the spot where I fell just fifty years before, this being to
the left of where Armistead fell and some ten steps in ad-
vance, where I stuck a stick in the ground to indicate the
place.
The man proved to be a member of Cushing's Battery of
Philadelphia, if I am not mistaken. He said to his wife:
"Here is where I killed the only Rebel I know of during the
war. I may have killed others, but this is the only one I
know I killed, and if that was away from my mind I would
feel free in saying I never killed any one that I know of.''
She said : "It is too bad that you killed him." He replied
that the man must have been crazy; that he was an officer and
was waving his hat above his head and halloaing: "Come
on, boys."
At this I knew I was the one referred to, and I thought I
would relieve his mind. So I said to him : "I am the man
you killed, but I am a pretty lively corpse." He stepped back,
and I saw he was shocked, so I said : "Here is where the
ball entered my left cheek, and here is where it came out at
the back of my head."
He then grasped my hand and inquired my name and gave
me his. He introduced me to his wife, and they very in-
sistently invited me to go over to the hotel where they were
stopping and take dinner with them. But, owing to press-
ing business at the time, I could not go. I had been made
adjutant general of Pickett's Division for the bogus charge
and was pressed for time. However, this man and I began
a correspondence and kept it up until I moved from Kansas
City to Steedman, in Calloway County, Mo., some six years
ago.
I want to make an appeal to the contributors of the Vet-
i rax. Please do not fail to send reminiscences of 1861 to
1863, as our Army of Northern Virginia never lost a battle
within that time. I like to read the war stories of 1863-65,
but after the Gettysburg fight the news was not so interesting
or pleasing to us.
UNUSUAL INCIDENTS OF WAR.
The following contributions appeared in the Baltimore Sun
some months ago giving similar incidents of unusual character
related by comrades of the War between the States. The
first is by Channing M. Smith, of Delaplane. Va„ who was
one of Stuart's Cavalry, A. N. V. He writes :
"In bis history of the operations of Stuart's Cavalry Maj.
H. M. McClelland, adjutant general of Stuart's Corps, gives
an account of the following incident which occurred during
the big cavalry fight at Brandy Station, Va. General Butler
and Captain Farley, the latter of General Stuart's staff, were
QpT)federat% Ueterai).
63
tanding side by side, with their horses' heads turned in oppo-
ite directions, when a shell from the enemy's battery struck
|he ground, ricochetted, cut off Butler's right leg above the
nkle, passed through his horse, Farley's horse, and carried
-way Farley's leg at the knee.
"The Hon. John T. Rhett. of South Carolina, quoting from
leneral Eutler, who survived and ably represented his native
((State of South Carolina in the United States Senate from
877 to 1895, says : 'It was a scene which for knightly courtesy
nd heroism cannot be surpassed. I saw that a shot fired by
he enemy's gun had taken effect in a small group of men
tanding near me. We took Captain Farley out of a blanket,
In which he had been placed, and put him in an old trough.
le was very cool, even pleasant and smiling, though evidently
;n great pain. Just as we were about to send him away,
Pointing to the leg, which had been cut off by the shell, be
i.sked me to bring it to him. I did so. He took it and
iressed it to his bosom, as one would a child, and said, smil-
ng: "It is an old friend, gentlemen. I do not wish to part
vith it." He then said: "Good-by and forever. I know my
:ondition, and we will not meet again." Courteously, even
.miling, he nodded to us as the men bore him away. He died
vithin a few hours.'
I "I knew Captain Farley well. He was admired by all who
'cnew him for his splendid courage. He was one of General
5tuart's favorites, and few Confederate officers had as many
: riends. He often went scouting into the enemy's lines, gen-
erally alone, and frequently brought back prisoners, sometimes
:avalry with their horses and equipment. I was with him
}n one occasion when he captured several Yankee officers,
with their horses."
Dr. J. E. Copeland, of Round Hill, Va., relates the follow-
ing:
"A similar incident occurred in the battle of Spotsylvania,
Dn May 7, 1864, in which two gallant young officers lost their
lives. Charles H. Ball, of Loudoun County, Va., captain of
Company K, 6th Virginia Cavalry, and Dr. Virgil Weaver, of
Fauquier County, were side by side on their horses when a
cannon ball tore off Captain Ball's leg, passed through his
horse, tore off Captain Weaver's leg, and killed his horse.
Captain Ball was carried to Richmond and died on May 14
and was buried in the beautiful and consecrated Hollywood.
Captain Weaver died during amputation of his limb and was
buried, in compliance with his oft-expressed desire that if he-
should fall in battle, where he fell. Relatives, through the
kindness of the U. D. C, erected a suitable marker over his
grave, in which he still lies in the lonely and historic wilder-
ness.
"In his eulogy of Captain Farley Lieutenant Smith modestly
refrains from any credit for the capture of the Yankee of-
ficers and horses when he was with Captain Farley, and by
his silence leaves the impression that Farley alone effected
the capture ; but those who know the war record of Comrade
Smith cannot accept his version that he was not an active
participant, if not the leader, in this enterprise, as he was in
many others equally daring. Lieutenant Smith was a youth.
but a brave and skillful officer and was one of General Lee's
most trusted and efficient scouts and received from his great
commander written testimonials in which he is accredited with
obtaining knowledge of the enemy's movements that con-
tributed to some of the successful strategies and consequent
victories for which General Lee and Stonewall Jackson are
so celebrated."
To this complimentary report Lieutenant Smith replies: "I
disclaim any credit for information gained from the enemy
I
//
for Stonewall Jackson, as I was not with -him in any of his
valley campaigns. I was scout for Generals Lee and Stuart
and was constantly in the enemy's lines day and night and
did have the honor of being complimentad by both of these
generals, but, like thousands of others, I only did my duty.
While I was with Captain Farley, he deserves the credit of
capturing the officers. Mjr experience during the war was that
Yankees were not hard to capture, especially, as Gen. Fitz
Lee used to say, 'when you got the bulge on 'em.' "
ANOTHER UNWRITTEN ARTILLERY DUEL.
BY CAPT. C. G. SNEAD, FORK UNION, VA.
I am induced to write this account of an artillery duel in
which my battery was engaged by reading in the December
Veteran an account by Captain Ritter of an artillery duel
which took place at Jackson, Miss., for which he claims that
"history nowhere records the concentration of so many pieces
of artillery focused on a single object as that at Jackson"
and that "it is unprecedented in the annals of time." So I
want to give him and other readers of the Veteran some
account of an artillery duel which took place on the 19th of
September, 1862, which was the second day after the battle
of Antietam, between Colonel Nelson's battalion, consisting
of three batteries (Milledgeville Artillery, of Georgia, and the
Amherst Artillery and the Fluvanna Artillery, of Virginia),
and the united batteries of the Federal army. The former
occupied the heights overlooking the ford on the Virginia
side of the Potomac, while the latter had positions on the
Maryland heights.
The day before the battle of Antietam, when both armies
were going into position, there came an order from General
Lee to our Colonel Nelson to move his battalion across the
river and take position on the heights overlooking Blackford's
Ford. This order came to us as a great surprise, knowing
that the battle would be fought in Maryland ; and while
crossing the river many of our artillerymen asked the ques-
tion : "What does this mean?" Some of the more knowing
ones said: "A wise general always provides for a defeat."
And this was but another example of good generalship which
our beloved Lee had shown on many a battle field. He knew
if his army should be overpowered and had to make a hasty
retreat to the ford that "without these batteries in position,
manned by true and brave artillerymen to repel the onslaught
of the enemy, his whole army or a large portion of it might
be captured.
The battle was a drawn one, and on the following day
under a flag of truce both armies buried their dead. That
night and the next morning General Lee's army recrossed the
Potomac, and when our rear guard had crossed over it was
then that it seemed the whole artillery force of the Yankee
army came up and occupied the heights on the Maryland
side of the river, and for about three hours they poured shot
and shell into us. It seemed at times that the last one of us
would be killed. They had artillery in front of us, artillery
to the right of us, and artillery to the lei't of us, while we
were at the little end of the funnel, so to speak. At times
a solid shot would stike the ground, ricochet, and throw out a
hole large enough to bury one of us in, throwing dirt and
gravel in our faces, which served to make the conflict more
alarming. While it was going on with great fury we wished
most earnestly for a cessation of hostilities. The sun seemed
not to move, for we felt the conflict would not end until
dark, which was the case.
Strange to say, our casualties were but few. I can account
6 4
^Q^federat^ l/eterap.
for it in on other way than that our artillery made it so hot
tor the "Yanks" but few of their guns got our range. They
had the advantage in position, but failed to lower their guns
sufficiently. Thus most of their shots went over our heads,
which "scared us to death, but no one was hurt."
So I claim that from the number of the enemy's guns
focused on a single battalion of only twelve pieces this ar-
tillery duel deserves to be placed among "the greatest in the
annals of time."
FLAGS CAPTURED AT VICKSBURG.
BY J. D. HARWELL, COMPANY I, 20tH ALABAMA REGIMENT,
PACHUTA, MISS.
Some time ago an inquiry appeared in the Veteran directed
to Waul's Texas Legion and the 20th and 30th Alabama Regi-
ments about a certain regimental flag, to which I have seen no
response ; so I will tell about a flag that was captured by us
and Waul's Texas Legion which may or may not be the flag
referred to.
I was a member of Company I, 20th Alabama Regiment,
Col. J. W. Garrett, Lieut. Col. E. W. Pettus, S. D. Lee's
brigade, Waul's Legion supporting us. The 46th Alabama
supported the largest fort on our line. It was located on the
south side of the deep cut of the Jackson and Vicksburg Rail-
road, which was at the left of our brigade. There was a
small hollow, or ravine, running from the railroad south in
front of us and a high ridge on the east of it running south
for a mile, I suppose. The Yanks formed on the east side of
the ridge at the lower end. They came over in double-quick-
time, four abreast. There was a deep gully in the side of the
ridge about two hundred yards from the fort of which the
Yanks were not aware. When the head of the column
reached it there was a halt to enable the front ones to get
down in it, which caused a solid massing along the ridge.
We swept that ridge three times, but some of them got to the
ditch around the fort, among them being a colonel and three
flag bearers, who planted their flags on top of the parapet.
The men of the 46th retreated to the rear. Colonel Waul
and Lieutenant Colonel Pettus rushed in with volunteers and
held the fort. About a dozen Yankees were killed trying to
regain their flags. Colonel Pettus got one of the flags and
Lieutenant Martin, one of General Lee's aids, got the regi-
mental flag, which was the finest flag I ever saw. and it
belonged to the 20th Wisconsin Regiment. It was very heavy
dark-blue silk, bordered with gold fringe about four inches
deep, and in the center of the flag was a large eagle with
wings partly spread. On a wide scroll, which circled above
the eagle's head and then under its feet, were these words in
large letters : "We march to victory or to death."
I don't know what Lieutenant Martin did with the flag,
but I supposed he turned it over to General Lee. The other
two flags were United States battle flags, one large and one
small. Colonels Waul and Pettus threw hand grenades in the
ditch, and the Yankees surrendered, there being only thirty
of them, including the colonel, whose name I never heard.
Col. I. W. Garrett was killed in one of the forts while in-
specting the Yankee works. Brig. Gen. E. D. Tracy com-
manded our brigade until he was killed on May 1 at Port
Gibson; then Gen. S. D. Lee took command. The brigade
was composed of the 20th, 23d, 30th, 31st, and 46th Alabama
Regiments. After the siege General Lee was promoted to
major general of cavalry and Lieutenant Colonel Pettus made
brigadier general and given command of our brigade, com-
manding it the rest of the war. Seeing Colonel Waul's name
mentioned in the inquiry, and knowing that he supported us, I
supposed the 20th Wisconsin flag was the one referred to.
Our works (trenches) around Vicksburg were very in-
ferior, and on the 4th of July I was talking to a Yankee lieu-
tenant who had walked over and was examining the works
when he remarked : "Had we known you boys had such sorry
works, we would have been over you long ago."
"Well," said I, "why didn't you walk over us on the 22d of
May, for the works are better now than then?"
"Well," said he, "you did us up mighty bad that day, I must
acknowledge, but we were coming over you to-day anyway."
Then said I: "How many did you expect to lose?"
Said he: "About fifteen thousand. Pretty good toll, eh?"
And we had only eighteen thousand effective men at the
surrender after forty-six days' and nights' siege.
CROSSING THE MISSISSIPPI IN 1864.
BY JOE M. SCOTT, FORT SMITH, ARK.
I have read with interest Comrade Callaway's reminiscence
on the raid through the Mississippi swamps by Ross's Bri-
gade in January, 1864, which appeared in the September Vet-
eran. His recollection corresponds with mine so far as he
seems to have taken part, but the worst of this service he
does not reveal, and it will require a more forcible writer
than I to overdraw the great risk and suffering that some
of Ross's Brigade at least were subjected to during this raid.
I was a member of Company E, 6th Texas. General Ross
had made his way to the bank of the river, and we were very
comfortably situated in a large negro quarter that had been
vacated. About nine o'clock at night General Ross called for
a detail to get the guns to the west side of the river, which
he said must be accomplished before daylight. Nine of us
were to take charge of the boat, which we had dragged nearly
a mile with eight large oxen. When we launched the boat
it show r ed many leaks, and General Ross told us to tear up
blankets and stop the leaks, which we did in great haste.
We were between two gunboats and could see the lights
of them very plainly. Our work had to be done before day-
light, and as soon as the guns could be loaded we started for
the west bank of the Father of Waters, a comrade of the
9th Texas at one end of the boat and I at the other. About
halfway across the boat sprung a leak, and it looked as if
we would soon find a watery grave. Lieutenant McCann.
of Company G, 6th Texas, who was in command, said for
us to throw the guns overboard and save ourselves. John
Miller, who was flag bearer for the 6th Texas and was our
guide, said, "No," telling us to pull the oars with all our
power and he would keep the water out with the artillery
bucket. Our boat ran on a sand bar, and it seemed that we
were there to stay. Miller said he would search for the west
bank if I would go with him. I admired his courage, and we
made our way toward the west bank. The water was so
swift that we could hardly keep our feet; at times it waS|
to our waists. We waded two or three hundred yards, reach-
ing the sand bar. We soon found a large drift, hurried back,
and reported. We then went to the boat, and all got out and
pushed it off and reached the shore safely, unloaded the guns-
and sent the boat back by two of our crew ; then we carried
this boatload of guns a distance of five or six hundred yards
and hid them in a large drift, carrying nine guns at a load.
We had two reasons for doing this work in a gallop. One
was that we were about to freeze to death, the other that our
work had to be done before daylight. And just as daylight i
Qoijfederat^ Ueterap,
•peared we completed our work and then hid in the cane-
eak, built a fire, and were thawing and drying our clothes
hile we were sleeping when General Ross opened fire on the
' ssel referred to by Comrade Callaway. This crippled ves-
1 ran around near where we were hidden, and we could see
e battle. The vessel seemed to have many passengers, both
en and women. They left the vessel and came out on the
"ink near us and built fires. Later on a large vessel came
nvn the river and took it off.
General Ross kept up his task of delivering all the guns
the west bank on the night of the 6th of January until
1 were safely turned over to Colonel Harrison, who met
; with about eight hundred men. Why we were not frozen to
?ath I can't tell. Our clothing was frozen stiff on our
)dies, and we were exposed to the fiercest north wind I ever
:lt for twenty-four hours with nothing to eat.
Such was the patriotism of the Confederate soldier, and I
ive no patience with a man who would offer an apology for
iving been a Confederate soldier.
A WAR MYSTERY.
BY DR. L. A. WAILES, NEW ORLEANS. LA.
I wonder how many times old soldiers have had pro-
i funded to them this question, "Did you ever kill a man?"
['propose this reply, and perhaps it will be accepted by other
Id soldiers as their own. In a charge in force or in re-
vising a charge, firing en masse by division, regiment, or
aatoon was, to use a familiar illustration, like a boy with
Pis old scatter muzzle-loader firing into a flock of birds with-
out special aim. Probably many fell, one in particular, per-
haps a conspicuous officer in the vision of a certain soldier
■ : nd simultaneously with the crack of his rifle.
' Now change the scene and go back to our ante-bellum bird-
unting days, you, with sporting friends, following the same
og. On the flush you select a plainly defined, straight-away
ird, an unobstructed shot. You fire, and you plainly visage
our bird come to the ground dead. At the same time your
eighbor shouts : "My bird ; I killed him." With this pro-
: )gue to the battle picture, now to my story.
1 It was in the Trans-Mississippi Department siege of Vicks-
urg. "Grant's Canal" had been accomplished, but the Mis-
issippi had not responded to its assistance, and Vicksburg
■as still holding out. Raids from the enemy forces or the
unboats were of almost constant occurrence, also numerous
.<irmishes, too small in numbers engaged or results to ever
each the public prints. Cavalry was posted along the river
t all threatened points. One of these advance picket lines
''as held by a detachment of General Harrison's regiment,
'ill possible or likely points of invasion were supposedly well
uarded. The river was out of its banks and to some extent
ormed something of a defense. One of our small detach-
lents was bivouacked on a plantation. About two or three
undred square yards of the gin yard were protected from
ie backwater by a low levee not much higher than a potato
ill. On this dry ground we were camped.
One morning before guard mount, while we were at break -
ast, we were aroused to action by the sudden, startling ap-
earance of a cavalry regiment in full view, evidently coming
butt-up" against us and probably as much surprised as we
.ere on seeing them, their advance being obscured by an in-
:rvening wood. Instead of immediately charging us, as they
utnumbered us at least ten to one, they came to a halt, still
a marching formation. An immediate call to arms, and our
potato hill defense was promptly manned. The commanding
officer, Colonel Stewart, of the ■ — Illinois, as it turned out,
was in full view at the head of his command, but strangely
quiescent. At the command of the major in charge of our
detachment the few of us who manned the fort poured in a
volley which, by the commotion of the head of the command,
was very evidently effective. The head of the column was
thrown into confusion, turned tail precipitously, and retreated
at a gallop without firing a shot. As soon as possible a
squad was mounted and in pursuit, as big a show of bravery
or bluff as the enemy had displayed to the contrary.
Now who killed the colonel. I distinctly had him under
my sight, as distinctly as ever I had had a bird in my young
sporting days and also as distinctly as I thought I saw my
bird fall. Tom , the kid of our company, a little dare-
devil, afraid of nothing, had gotten over the breastworks
and, lying down for a deliberate aim, at the crack of the guns
sang out : "My meat ! I killed him." If I had momentarily
a thought or a sensation, it was a qualm at having unques-
tionably imbued my hands in human blood, although an
enemy. I made no answer. Tom was proud of the glory,
and I gladly accorded it to him ; but after the lapse of more
than half a century my conscience or my memory still ac-
cuses me of the homicide.
PLEASANT MEMORIES OF WAR TIMES.
BY JAMES R. MAXWELL, TUSCALOOSA, ALA.
In the spring of 1862 I was detailed, with nine other cadets,
to go to Loachapoka, Ala., to assist in drilling the men of the
34th Alabama Regiment of Infantry, then in camp of in-
struction at that village. It was understood that this regi-
ment had been equipped for service largely by its colonel, J.
B. C. Mitchell, a wealthy planter of Mount Meigs, near Mont-
gomery. In the camp of instruction at Loachapoka I made
the acquaintance of Colonel Mitchell's nieces, the Misses
Florence and Janie Burch, two of the numerous young ladies
whose patriotism led them to do all in their power to brighten
the monotony of the camp life necessary to lick raw troops
into some sort of shape as soldiers of the Confederacy.
Hundreds of us appreciated their efforts to the fullest extent.
Being then not quite eighteen years of age, I was among
those fully able to enjoy the experience.
From camp we were sent to Tupelo, Miss., not far south
of Corinth. I did not return to the university, but, at the
request of Colonel Mitchell, remained with the regiment to
continue in my work as drillmaster as long as I might be
needed. At Tupelo I was attacked with one of the usual
troubles due to bad water and the camp food of that day
and was ordered back to Tuscaloosa, my home, till I might
recover. I was entered as an inmate of the army hospital
there, but was really at home.
Looking over reminders of those days, I found a little
note of condolence and hope for my speedy recovery, accom-
panied with a little flag of the Stars and Bars, on which was
written in pencil :
"There is no word for you like * * *
They never, never can subdue
Your gallant band if you to God,
Your country, and yourselves are true."
What a host of memories come to all of us of those days !
Who can supply the missing word? The word itself is of
small value, but the memories that rush to those who ex-
perienced those days we would hold forever.
66
Qopfederat^ Ueterai).
%)!VTmW4VJVJ5r.lWl!VJVJM,IWIWIWl^KIWI^I^MRIWI«
Mil
'A!*IAI*IAIAI*IAIAIAIAIAI*IAI*I*IAIAI*I«
Sketches in this department are given a half column of
space without charge; extra space will be charged for at 20
cents per line. Engravings, $3.00 each.
"The harp that once through Tara's halls
The soul of music shed
Now hangs as mute on Tara's walls,
As if that soul were fled.
So sleeps the pride of former days,
So glory's thrill is o'er,
And hearts that once beat high for praise
Now feel that pulse no more."
George B. Dean.
The passing of George B. Dean, of Detroit. Tex., from
the active scenes of this life to the great beyond leaves an-
other vacant place in the ranks of the survivors of the heroic
days of the Confederacy which cannot be refilled. Mr. Dean
was a native Texan, having been born on a farm September
13, 1842. He died June 27, 1920, and was buried within one
hundred yards of the place of his birth.
In the year 1860, while still in his teens, Mr. Dean, answer-
ing the call of his State,
volunteered and joined
a small company of
men in Red River
County, Tex., which
went to the defense of
the frontier section of
his State against the
marauding Indians. He
enlisted in the Confed-
erate service in the early
part of 1861, when only
nineteen years of age,
with the first company
from his native county.
This was made Com-
pany E, of the 11th
Texas Cavalry, with
which he served through-
out the War between the States and until he was captured
on March 3, 1865 while carrying a special message to his
commanding officer and was sent to Point Lookout, where
he remained until the close of the war. He engaged in some
of the most important battles of the war, having served
under Gen. Joe Wheeler in Kentucky and was in the Army
of Tennessee under Generals Bragg, Hood, and Joseph E.
Johnston. He was slightly wounded one time during his
whole service of practically four years.
After the war was over and he was released from prison,
he returned to his home, near Detroit, Tex., where, amid the
desolation wrought by the war, he again took up the activi-
ties of civil life, engaging in farming and stock-raising, ac-
quiring a large estate, which he possessed at the time of his
death.
G. B. DEAN.
Early in life Mr. Dean became a member of the Bapti.st
Church, in which he remained a devoted member until his
death. During his life he was married three times and is
survived by his last wife, Dubie Wheeler Dean, four daugh-
ters, and two sons — Mrs. J. B. Dean, Mrs. G. G. Cheery,
Mrs. R. J. Easley, of Detroit, Tex.; G. E. Dean, of Idabe'l,
Okla. ; J. W. Dean, of Ada, Okla. ; and Mrs. W. A. Dean,
of Tulsa, Okla.
Mr. Dean was also for many years a member of the
Masonic Lodge and was known throughout the county as a
man of the highest ideals of citizenship. Because of the
loyal and true service he had rendered his country in both
peace and war and the devotion he always manifested for the
loftiest ideals of good citizenship and for the betterment of
mankind in general, no citizen of his section of the country
was more highly honored, loved, and respected.
W. B. Plemons Camp, of Amarillo, Tex.
H. R. Airheart reports the following deaths among the
members of W. B. Plemons Camp, at Amarillo, since De-
cember, 1919:
W. E. Rutledge, Taylor's Tennessee Regiment, aged seventy-
three years.
W. M. Adkins, Company K, McCullough's Texas Cavalry,
aged seventy-three years.
William M. Bowie, Cobb's Georgia Legion, aged seventy-
five years.
J. H. Rockwell, Company E, 1st Missouri Cavalry, aged
eighty-two years.
R. F. Wren, Company G. 1st Texas Infantry, aged eighty
years.
D. L. Brittain, Parson's Texas Cavalry, aged eighty years.
J. L. Caldwell, Company F, Lieutenant Mann's Texas In-
fantry, born July 4, 1835, the day that the Liberty Bell was
cracked when tolling at the funeral of Chief Justice Mar-
shall, of the United States Supreme Court. Comrade Cald-
well was an interesting character. He was a printer by trade
and an able writer. He died August 19, 1920, aged eighty-
five years.
J. P. Courtney, Company B, 61st Tennessee Infantry, aged
about seventy-four years.
J. F. Taylor, 12th Louisiana Cavalry, aged about eighty
years.
W. J. Thomas, Forrest's Regiment, enlisted at Savannah,
aged eighty-five years.
J. G. Hudson, captain Company E, 6th Kentucky Cavalry,
aged eighty-three years.
M. S. Parks, aged about seventy-six years.
Comrade Airheart adds : "This is the greatest number of
deaths in our Camp that we have ever had in one year.
The record during recent years has been about as follows :
1916, six deaths; 1917, four deaths; 1918, four deaths; 1919.
three deaths ; 1920, ten deaths. The number of Confederate
veterans belonging to Plemons Camp, including all others in
Amarillo and vicinity, is now twenty-seven."
Comrades at Sherman, Tex.
Members of Mildred Lee Camp, No. 90, U. C. V., of Sher-
man, Tex., who died lately: W. D. Sappington, aged 95; C.
W. Botall, 82; B. R. Long, 88; Joe B. Roberts, 83; S. E.
Elliott (father), 95; W. D. Elliott (son), 74; Dr. J. B. Stin-
son, 82 ; John Ellison, 80 ; J. W. Vaden, 76 ; Edwin Moore,
76; C. W. Ritenour, 73; Mark H. Andrews, 74; J. P. Loving,
85; J. W. Finley, 74; J. M. Blaine, 76; J. R. Dickey, 83.
[J. P. Leslie, Adjutant.]
^oi>federat^ l/eteraij,
67
William Fekris Perry.
"The souls of the righteous are in the hand of God;
There shall no torment touch them.
In the sight of the unwise they seemed to die,
But they are in peace, for so he
Giveth his beloved sleep. They are in peace."
Entered into life eternal on Monday, October 18, 1920, in
lis seventy-ninth year, William Ferris Perry at his home, in
-Jew York City. He was born in New York on April 12.
842, and went to France when he was very young and was
iducated in Paris. Returning to America at the age of seven-
keen, he became a member of the Washington Artillery, Com-
pany No. 1, Camp 15. During the War between the States
ie served under Generals Beauregard, Longstreet, and John-
ston. When the battalion left its winter quarters in March,
,862, and camped on Terrill's farm, near Orange Courthouse.
Mr. Perry met Miss Virginia Terrill, who afterwards became
lis wife. When they were called again into active service,
:he young people parted with the promise that he would re-
'turn to Dr. Terrill's home if he were wounded. He was very
severely wounded in the battle of Fredericksburg on December
13, 1862, when the Union soldiers made an unsuccessful at-
tempt to capture Marye's Heights. True to the promise made
to Miss Virginia, Mr. Perry, though seriously wounded, suc-
ceeded in getting to Dr. Terrill's home, where he received ten-
'der care, and in April, 1863, they were married.
Mr. Perry was respected and beloved by all who knew him.
a Christian gentleman, a brave soldier, loyal always to the
cause for which he fought, and faithful always in his admira-
tion of their brave and noble leader, Gen. Robert E. Lee.
'[A. M. Burleigh, 133 West Eighty-Third Street, New York
'City.]
Comrades at Commerce, Tex.
Commander W. E. Mangum reports the death of three faith-
I ful members of R. E. Lee Camp, No. 231, U. C. V., at Com-
1 merce, Tex., which brought sadness and sorrow to Camp and
[ community. Comrades Presley and Murphy were charter
members of the Camp, and Comrade Moore joined twenty-
five years ago :
"Comrade P. L. Moore, born in Pike County, Mo., May
,8, 1833, enlisted in the Confederate army July 28, 1862. from
Ripley County, Mo., as a member of Company B, 3d Missouri
Regiment of Infantry. He was in the battles of Springfield,
1 Mo., Prairie Grove and Jenkins's Ferry, Ark., Mansfield, La.,
and other minor skirmishes under Gen. E. Kirby Smith. He
was mustered out at Shreveport, La., at the close of the war.
He was an honest and faithful soldier and no less attentive
to duty in his long citizenship among us. He was a deacon
. or telder in the Presbyterian Church for twenty-five .years,
faithful to all the affairs of that trust. He died October 6,
1920, suddenly from heart trouble, with which he had been
afflicted several years. A noble comrade has passed to the
great be3'ond.
"Comrade L. W. Presley was born in Pike County, Ga.,
October 28, 1826. During the War between the States he
served in Company D, 18th Alabama Regiment. Comrade
Presley had a tender feeling for humanity. His quaint sense
of humor and cheerful disposition to look on the bright side
of life made him a very pleasant companion and comrade.
Soon after the war he came to Texas, where he had been an
active and useful citizen, always true to his convictions, ener-
getic and active in all social and religious interests, and he
was loved and honored by all who knew him. He main-
tained youthful vigor and activity of mental, physical, and
Christian interest and civil righteousness -and was a leader
in the Missionary Baptist Church. His death occurred on
November 7, 1920, just after turning into his ninety-fifth year,
leaving a devoted companion and hosts of relatives and friends
to mourn his going.
"Comrade Enoch Murphy, born in Tennessee on June 26,
1842, in early boyhood came to Texas and resided in Fannin
and Hunt Counties. When the War between the States broke
out, he joined Company B, 9th Texas Regiment, General
Ross's Brigade, and rendered four years of faithful service.
One of the bravest among the brave, he stood amidst the
roar of cannon and rattle of musketry with courage, as his
comrades testify. After the war he returned to Hunt County,
where he had since made his home, serving his county as a
good, quiet citizen and a faithful member of the Presbyterian
Church at Fairlie. On the 8th of November, 1920, he fell a
victim of the inevitable decree and passed into the spiritual
life. Comrade Murphy was one of the most faithful mem-
bers of our Camp. We had been closely associated for
nearly fifty years. He leaves two sons, a daughter, a brother,
and many other relatives and friends."
Dr. Robert L. Knox.
If "to live in hearts we leave behind is not to die," then
Dr. Robert L. Knox, though no longer with us in the flesh,
is not dead.
Briefly his life history runs as follows:
He was born at Mount Pleasant, Miss., eighty-six years-
ago. He was surgeon in the Army of Northern Virginia
during the greater part of the War between the States.
Soon after the close of the war he married Miss Fannie
Steger and located in Memphis, Tenn., where he practiced
medicine until his death on October 7, 1919. After the death
of his first wife, he married Miss Sophie McClung, who sur-
vives him. For years Dr. Knox was Assistant Surgeon of
the First Regiment, U. C. V., National Guard, State of Ten-
nessee. He was a faithful member of the Second Methodist
Church of this city.
Resolved, That in the passing of Dr. Knox Memphis has
lost a splendid citizen. Company A an efficient officer, and-
Second Methodist Church a loyal member, and his every
friend a true and faithful comrade.
[Committee: G. B. Malone, Chairman; J. F. Cloud, John
Fazzi.]
L. C. Lynn.
L. C. Lynn, a comrade of Joe Shelby Camp, No. 975, U. C.
V., of Chickasha, Okla., was born on November 18, 1844, in
Craig County, Ky., and died at Chickasha on July 18, 1920.
He volunteered for the Confederate army at Murray, in Cal-
laway County, Ky., in July, 1861, as a member of Company
H, 3d Kentucky Regiment, and was mustered into service at
Camp Brooks, Clarksville, Tenn , under Breckinridge, Har-
dee, and Albert Sidney Johnston. He was wounded twice at
Shiloh, in the right arm and left leg. He was promoted to
company sergeant in 1863 and was later transferred to For-
rest's Cavalry Corps, where he served to the end of the war.
Comrade Lynn was a man of sterling worth, and his in-
fluence was felt in his community ; he was widely known and
highly esteemed. His attractive and genial personality made
him a charming companion and loyal friend. He is survived
by his wife, who was Miss L. S. Thornton, and eight chil-
dren. Two of his sons are serving as judges in the courts of
Oklahoma. His body was taken back to Kentucky and laid
to rest in the cemetery at Murray.
[J. S. Downs, Chickasha, Okla.]
u
68
Qoi?federat^ l/eterai>.
James Allen MacMurry.
From memorial resolutions adopted by Camp Sterling Price.
No. 31, U. C. V., Dallas, Tex., on December 26, 1920:
"James Allen MacMurry was born in Smith County. Tenn..
on November 14. 1842, and died at his home, in Dallas, Tex.,
on December 6, 1920.
"Comrade MacMurry enlisted in the Southern army in the
spring of 1862 in the company known as 'Ward's Ducks,' 9th
Tennessee Cavalry, Basil Duke's brigade. He was with Mor-
gan in his Ohio raid and
a part of the time in Kip
Bennett's battalion. He
did scout work for For-
rest and was with him at
Chickamauga and Mis-
sionary Ridge. He was
still with Forrest from
Dalton to near Atlanta
and was captured and
thrown into Rock Island
Prison, where he was
when the war closed.
"Comrade MacMurry
was married in 1870 to
Miss Emily Turner, of
Sumner County. Tenn.
She survives him, with J. A. MACMURRY.
their six children, two
:5ons and four daughters. The daughters are married and
live in Dallas : one son is married and living at Cisco and
one is at San Antonio.
"Mr MacMurry moved to Dallas in 1874 and was a brick
contractor. But the last five years he has been in bad health
and for two years confined to his home, much of the time to
his bed.
"Our comrade was faithful to his country, made a good
soldier, and loved to talk with his old friends of the sixties.
He was a good neighbor, loving father, and loved our South-
ern country. Therefore
"Resolved, That we, the Camp, have lost a true man and
will miss him. His family has lost a loving father and his
wife a kind, trusted husband."
[Committee : W. M. Swann. John Haney. Fred Clark.]
Comrades at Paris, Ten t x.
Fitzgerald Kendall Camp. U. C. V., of Paris. Tenn., has
lost the following from its membership during 1920 :
William S. Bomar, Company E, 20th Tennessee Cavalry.
Jackson Wimberly. Company F. 20th Tennessee Cavalry.
George A. Sinclair, served with a Virginia regiment and
was at Gettysburg.
G. W. Swor, Company A, 5th Tennessee Infantry.
G. D. Hancock, Company A, 2d Tennessee Cavalry.
J. L. Lowry. Company E, 20th Tennessee Cavalry.
R. J. Jackson. Company B, 5th Tennessee Infantry.
Dr. B. F. Taylor. Company F. 5th Tennessee Infantry.
A. H. Hancock. Company F. 5th Tennessee Infantry.
W. A. Hill, served with a Mississippi regiment.
Alex C. Trousdale, Company A.
Judge James S. Aden, Company G, 7th Tennessee Cavalry.
Mrs. S. C. Dobbins. President 5th Tennessee Chapter. U.
D. C.
[Reported by P. P. Pulleu. Adjutant.]
Judge James S. Ade.x.
After a long illness. Judge James S. Aden died at his home,
in Paris, Tenn., in his seventy -ninth year. He was born in
that city on February 13, 1842, and had practically spent all :
his life in Henry County, where he was widely known and :
beloved. He had been honored by the people of his county
by election to office, having served as county court clerk and
also as county judge; but most of his life had been spent on
his farm, near Paris.
He was a gallant soldier of the Confederacy, serving under
Forrest as a member of Company G, 7th Tennessee Cavalry.
At one time he was with Stark's company and again with
his uncle, Capt. F. F. Aden. He was captured and paroled at
Paducah, Ky.
In early life he became a Christian and so remained through
his long and useful life. As a minister of the gospel he
brought salvation to many. It was the work he loved, and
he used his gift to the glory of God, toiling with his hands
for the support of his family. He was the father of twelve
children and is survived by seven sons and a daughter, also
the faithful, beloved wife.
He was laid to rest in Maplewood Cemetery, attended by
his Confederate comrades and many friends and relatives.
In his passing his community and State have lost a noble
citizen.
George C. Freeman.
The eleventh death in the membership of the Confederate
Veteran Association of Savannah, Ga., in 1920 was that of
George C. Freeman, which occurred on December 22. There
was a strong tie of friendship existing between us. He was
of an agreeable, even temperament, and it was a joy to be
in his company. For years he had held positions of trust
with the Citizens' Mutual Loan Company, of Savannah, and
there, as elsewhere, his cheery smile and cordial handshake are
sadly missed.
The service of George Freeman with the Confederate army
started with the old Chatham Artillery, one of Savannah's
crack military companies. In the second year of the war he
was detached from his command and assigned to duty as
assistant to the collector of the port of Savannah, James R.
Sneed. A day or two prior to the occupancy of Savannah by
Sherman and his army of devastation Mr. Freeman left the
city with the collector and the records of his office, going
first to Charleston, S. C. In a few days they were ordered
to Augusta, then on to Macon, to Milledgeville, Ga., finally
retreating to the farm of Dr. T. A. Parsons, in Laurens
Countv, Ga.. whence they were ordered to Macon and the
effects of their office surrendered to the United States gov-
ernment. All of them were paroled and returned to Savannah
to commence life over again.
In 1862 Mr. Freeman married Miss Sarah E. Davis, of
Savannah, who died several years ago. Surviving him are
his son, Judge Davis Freeman, of the cits' court, and a de-
voted daughter, Miss Georgia Freeman. He was at one time
an alderman and was a member of the Savannah Benevolent
Association since 1866, ten years its Secretary, nine years
President, and twenty-six years Treasurer. He was a de-
nted member of the Independent Church (Presbyterian), his
funeral taking place from that grand edifice on Thursday,
December 23, 1920, attended by a vast concourse of friends
and a number of his old soldier comrades, the Confederate
veterans of Savannah.
[D. B. Morgan, Secretary Confederate Veterans' Associa-
tion. Camp No. 756, U. C. V]
Qotyfederat^ tfeterai).
69
A. W. MOISE.
A. Welborne Moise.
The death of A. Welborne Moise at his home, in St. Louis,
Ho., on the 1st of December, 1920, removes one of the most
■ rominent Confederates of the State. He had always been
ctive in matters of Confederate interest, had served as Com-
lander of the Missouri Division, U. C. V., and was on the
:loard of Trustees and Vice President of the Confederate
I lome at Higginsville at the time of his death. He was also
rominent in the business world of his ctiy, respected for
is high integrity, and at
is office every day except
ivhen taking his "boys"
some reunion. He was
1. member of the Episco-
pal Church for thirty
>*ears.
A. W. Moise was born
)ii Memphis, Tenn., on
, December .11, 1846, the
■ldest of the ten children
)f A. and Elizabeth La-
lier Moise, a cousin of
he poet Lanier. The
I amily removed to Rich-
nond, Va., from South
Carolina, and this son
>as educated at the Gon-
":aga College, of Wash-
ington, D. C, and had
'served as a page in Con-
gress just before the war
^ame on. He enlisted as a private in Company E, 1st Mary-
land Battalion of Cavalry (Confederate) in 1862, when only
ifteen years old. In August, 1863, he was transferred by
special order of General Lee to receive promotion and was
nade a lieutenant. He was with Gen. W. E. Jones's cavalry
n the raid through West Virginia and Maryland and with
"?itz Lee's cavalry in the second Maryland campaign, at
Gettysburg, with McLaw's Division when sent to reenforce
Bragg, and was at the siege of Knoxville and in the East
Tennessee campaign. When his division returned to Virginia
le was with Longstreet's Corps from the battle of the Wil-
lerness to the last day at Appomattox and was paroled as
irst lieutenant commanding Companies D and H, 24th Geor-
gia Regiment, Kershaw's Division, Longstreet's Corps, A.
tf. V. His parole was kept as the most sacred relic of his
war service.
After the war he studied law with his father in Richmond
md married Miss Gill, of that city. He entered upon the
practice of law in Kansas City, Mo., and after some years
removed to St. Louis, where he was credit man for a large
wholesale grocery until embarking in business for himself.
Comrade Moise is survived by a son, two sisters, and a
brother, one of the sisters being Mrs. Virginia Lee Hight,
Df Chicago, the youngest of the family.
Comrades at Huntsville, Ala.
R. M. DeYoung reports the loss of three members of Egbert
J. Jones Camp, No. 357, U. C. V., since last report :
A. F. Riley, Company I, 20th Tennessee Cavalry, died
June 1, 1920.
A. J. Eyrnes, Company F, 4th Alabama Infantry, died
July 11, 1920.
J. H. Lowe, Company G, 4th Tennessee Infantry, died
'October 20, 1920.
Mat. G. W. Bynum.
George W. Bynum was born in Chatham County, N. C, in
1839 of a typical Southern family. He came to Mississippi
when but a lad. It was his' ambition to be a lawyer, and he
studied diligently with this in view ; but war was declared,
and to one of his temperament the call to arms was a call of
God to defend the principles he knew were right. Accord-
ingly he went to Virginia in 1861 with the 2d Mississippi In-
fantry. In 1863 he was commissioned major, ordered back
to Mississippi, and assigned to the 11th Mississippi Cavalry.
In all that four years' struggle George Bynum was at the
front, an active participant in thirty battles and wounded sev-
eral times. At the close of the war Major Bynum returned
to Mississippi, where, unspent and unafraid, he and his former
comrades in arms met the duties of the changed conditions.
As he was in war, so during this reconstruction period
Major Bynum was put in front. He represented Alcorn
County three times in the legislature ; twice he was postmaster
at Corinth; he was also mayor of the city. When he died,
July 17, 1920, he had been for twenty years United States
Commissioner.
From early manhood Major Bynum was an officer of the
Church and active in Sunday school work. He was a gentle-
man of the "old school," to the manner born, an exemplary
husband and father, a true friend and neighbor, a patriot, a
Democrat, a thorough Methodist,' a practical Christian.
Where moral points were involved there was never any doubt
as to his position on questions, social or political. Thus he
walked in his integrity before God and man, saying what he
meant and meaning what he said. A great legacy he left his
children and his children's children in an untarnished name
and a blameless character.
It was in his home that Major Bynum was at his best. In
1866 he was married to Miss Fannie Dilworth, of North
Mississippi. The union of this Christian pair presented a
choice example of domestic harmony and confidence and de-
votion. In his sorrows she brightened his life, and by her
help and prayers and sympathy he accomplished what he
could not have done without her. In loneliness, but in un-
complaining resignation, she is waiting in the old home among
the Corinth hills. The twilight is soft and beautiful about
her. There will be light at the evening time. The morning
of the reunion will be glorious.
Pat Cleburne Camp, No. 222, U. C. V., Waco, Tex.
Comrades of Pat Cleburne Camp, Waco, Tex., who have
died since their last Memorial Day, January 22, 1920, as re-
ported by Bradford Hancock, Adjutant:
W. B. Willis, Company B, 12th Virginia Cavalry.
J. W. Coleman, Company B, 12th Virginia Cavalry, aged
seventy-two years.
William M. Manchester, Company G, 6th Georgia Cavalry,
aged seventy-five years.
William G. Andrews, Company K, 15th Texas Infantry,
aged eighty years.
Philip Speegle, Company I, 15th Texas Infantry, aged
seventy-seven years.
D. M. Crenshaw, Company I, 20th Georgia Infantry, aged
seventy-six years.
William T. Lofton, Hightower's Company.
Frank W. Burke, Company D, 2d Maryland Cavalry.
"O
^oi)federat^ tfeterai}.
William H. Pierce.
Gently drifting down life's stream until life was obscured
in the shadow of the great beyond was the greatly lamented
end of our true and noble friend, William H. Pierce, of
Benton, Ala. In 1861 he was at the age that so many young
men of the South enlisted for the Confederacy and made the
typical Confederate soldier, buoyant with life and enthusiasm.
While only a boy, he was ambitious and enthusiastic to be a
soldier, and in that he was admirably successful. He passed
through the four years of the bloody sixties ; and though
severely wounded three different times, he was fortunate
enough each time to recover and hastened back to the front
and duty. Under Gen. Stonewall Jackson, whom he so ad-
mired and whose memory was ever bright in his thoughts, he
followed wherever his chieftain ordered. His record as a
soldier was unspotted, and many of his comrades called
him "the ever-ready Pierce, for duty faithful and untiring."
Comrade Pierce was born in Montgomery, Ala., on August
21, 1842, and passed away on October 19, 1920, at his resi-
dence, near Benton, Ala. He was married on September 17,
1867, at Collirene, Ala., to Miss Florence Dunklin, who, with
four daughters and one son, survives him.
"The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,
All that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave,
Alike awaits the inevitable hour,
The path of glory leads but to the grave."
A more consciencious and unassuming man is seldom found.
He was a loyal subscriber to the Veteran and loved to read
the reminiscences of his comrades. After a long life of
seventy-eight years, so just and upright with all mankind,
this noble man has passed to the reward that awaits him.
W. J. Thomas.
W. J. Thomas, born June 11, 1835, was reared in Hardin
County, Term., and as a boy he was distinguished by his
sterling qualities, so much so that he was elected sheriff of
his county very soon after attaining his majority, in which
office he served two terms. When the war came on in 1861
he joined Company B, of the Junior 6th Mississippi Cavalry,
and served until the surrender. He was in the last fight by
General Forrest just a few days after Lee's surrender. This
battle was fought at Selma, Ala.
Comrade Thomas was the type that would have sacrificed
life rather than show cowardice or forsake a friend. He
was always trustworthy, true to principle and his word. He
won the worthy heart and hand of Miss Palmore, of his
county, and soon after their marriage they removed to Texas
and lived in several counties before locating permanently at
Amarillo, where he acquired property. He was tax assessor
and collector of Dallam County for ten years.
Comrade Thomas was a member of W. B. Plemons Camp,
U. C. V., of Amarillo, where he died on the 20th of October,
1920, survived by his wife, two daughters, and a son, also
two brothers. For almost fifty years he had been a devout
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and a
steward of the Church at Amarillo for a great while.
[D. W. Babb, captain Company B, Strong, Miss.]
Veterans at Lynchburg, Va.
The following deaths are reported for Garland Rodcs
Camp of Confederate Veterans at Lynchburg, Va., for the
year of 1920: W. S. Daniel, W. J. Collins, A. Price Roberts,
D. G. Miller, A. A. Kershaw, S. B. Tinsley, Richmond Green.
J. C. Houston, E. Lee Bell, Daniel C. Locke, J. S. Thornhill.
[Thomas C. Miller, Adjutant.]
George H. Adams.
George H. Adams answered to the last roll call on Christ-
mas Day, 1920, at the age of seventy-nine years. He was the
son of Ichabod and Ann Hooper Adams, who moved from
Humphreys County, Tenn., to Texas in 1850. He was mar-
ried to Miss Amanda V. Baugh, daughter of David Baugh,
of Brown County, Tex., in January, 1862. Of their four
children, two sons, Sylvester and John Q. Adams, survive
him.
Opportunities for acquiring an education were very meager.
and the first work of
George Adams was in herd-
ing cattle for his father.
In 1858, when only about
sixteen years of age, he
joined Capt. John S. Ford's
company of Rangers, the
youngest ranger in a com-
mand of one hundred men.
In 1859 he returned to the
ranch and resumed the life
of a cowboy. In August,
1862, he enlisted as a pri-
vate in Capt. G. T. Riley's
company, Cook's Regiment
of Heavy Artillery, and
served throughout the War
between the States, securing
an honorable discharge at
Houston, Tex., on May 23,
G. H. adams. 1865. Returning home to
Brown County, he again
resumed ranch life. In 1870 he was elected first lieutenant
in command of the Brown County Company of Minutemen.
with which he served for one and one-half years. He was
at Austin prepared to fight when Coke was inaugurated as
Governor instead of E. J. Davis. He again returned to
Brown County and in 1874 was elected treasurer of the
county without opposition. Since that time his attention had
been given wholly to his stock and farming interests.
"Uncle George," as he was familiarly known, was at all
times very optimistic, always looking upon the brighter side
of life and giving cheer and comfort wherever he went. He
was successful in the business affairs of life and left a nice
competency to his sons.
It can well be said that he was a patriotic soldier, a true
citizen, and a devoted husband and father.
"Uncle George" never missed a Confederate reunion, either
State or general, and enjoyed these meetings to the fullest
extent. His burial was conducted by the Masons with Con-
federate veterans as honorary pallbearers.
Service of Captain Page. — The following statement as to
the war record of Capt. W. W. Page is made by Edward
Walton, of Penrith, Va., an addition to the sketch appearing
in the September Veteran. He says : "Captain Page com-
manded Company D, 39th Battalion of Virginia Cavalry,
from September, 1864, to the evacuation of Petersburg, in
1865. I was a member of that company and received orders
from him as courier and scout for General Lee. The contest
for the captaincy was between him and Lieut. John W. Jack-
son, now living in Fluvanna County. The 39th Battalion was
commanded by Colonel Richardson. My service was between
Richmond and Petersburg, in front of Dutch Gap, General
Lee's headquarters, and on the retreat to Appomattox C. H."
Qogfederat^ l/eterag.
71
James Lyons.
1 Of that remarkable body of men known as Confederate
loldiers there died at Higginsville, Mo., on January 6, 1921,
ne of its most remarkable members, one who by might of
itegrity and righteousness occupied an exalted position
mong men.
James Lyons was born near Rogersville, Hawkins County,
."enn., on December 17, 1840. In July, 1861, he entered the
;onfederate army as a private in Company K, 29th Tennessee
" nfantry, winning promotion to a first lieutenantcy for dis-
tinguished service. Soon after the battle of Chickamauga he
Was transferred to the cavalry, Company A, 4th Tennessee
Battalion, then under command of Gen. Jubal A. Early. In
the fall of 1864, while on picket duty near Jarrodstown, Va.,
le was captured. After six months in prison at Camp Chase,
le was exchanged, but just in time to have part in the final
;urrender. Among the engagements in which he fought were
■Vlurfreesboro, Perryville, Mill Springs, Corinth, and Win-
:hester.
In 1865 Mr. Lyons moved to Lafayette County, Mo., where
le was married in December, 1867, to Miss Fanny Burns,
;vho was his loved and loving wife for thirty-eight blessed
.ears. Not long after her death he left the farm, on which
ne had greatly prospered, to move to Higginsville, where, in a
commodious, comfortable home, he continued to dispense a
delightful hospitality. Here gathered his four sons, his foster
daughter, and two nieces, to whom he was a second father,
for his ideal goodness was ever practical. Round them col-
lected an ever-widening circle of friends, but of this circle
the center and mainstay, the chief joy and inspiration were
in the beloved master of the house.
To every call and demand of life Mr. Lyons was absolutely
true. As patriot, soldier, citizen, man of business, husband,
father, friend, Christian, he proved his greatness of soul.
For twenty-six years he served as elder of the Presbyterian
Church.
George C. Pile.
George Chambers Pile, seventy-seven years of age, died
en January 17, 1921. When but a boy, not yet of military
age, Mr. Pile entered the Confederate army in the War be-
tween the States. In the spring of 1861 he joined Capt. John
E. Terry's company, organized in Bristol, and followed the
j varying fortunes of the Southern Confederacy in the cam-
paigns of the Army of Northern Virginia. At different times
he served under Gens. Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, and
J. E. B. Stuart.
His comrades always said of him : "George Pile made a
" brave soldier," No higher encomium can be paid any man.
In the Veteran for January, 1917, was given his account of
capturing the Federal General Prince on August 9, 1862, while
on picket duty in the battle of Cedar Run, and whom he con-
ducted to Jackson's headquarters for surrender.
Mr. Pile was a member of S. V. Fulkerson Camp, U. C. V.,
' of Bristol, Tenn., and at one time its Adjutant. He was a
member of the Methodist Church nearly all his life and a good
neighbor and friend. He has answered the last roll call and
entered the rest prepared for those who do their duty to
God and man.
Serct. John A. Moore.
John A. Moore, of Gillisonville, S. C, a Confederate vet-
• eran of nearly ninety years, died on December 31, 1920, after
, some months of feeble health.
He was in the Confederate service on the coast of South
//
Carolina for four years as a member of the Beaufort District
Troop.
Comrade Moore is survived by his wife, three sons, and
two daughters, also by a sister, Mrs. N. L. Broadwater, of
Johnston, S. C, and eleven grandchildren. He was laid to
rest in the family burying place at Gillisonville, mourned
by family and friends.
[S. a.'b.]
John Crofton Herring.
John C. Herring, descended from a fine old family, was born
at Capon Springs, Va., on January 7, 1844. He was married
to Miss Camilla Dinkle in Bridgewater, Va., in February,
1867, to which union were born two sons, William, of Dal-
las, Tex., and B. A., of Cartersville, Ga. His estimable wife
died on January 13, 1904.
In May, 1871, he moved to Bartow County, Ga., and joined
the Methodist Church at Cassville, of which he was a con-
sistent member until his death, one of his last acts being the
holding of family prayers. His home life was beautiful, and
as a friend and neighbor he had no superior. There was no
better citizen during peace or in war a better soldier when
he fought under the Stars and Bars. A courier for Gen.
Tatum Wofford, he was dauntless in danger. Later he joined
Company I, 1st Virginia Cavalry, and served with signal
bravery under the knightly "Jeb" Stuart, then to the close of
the war under Gen. Fitz Lee.
He dearly loved the Confederate Reunions and always at-
tended them. He had prepared to join his comrades in the
Reunion at Houston, Tex, his baggage packed and berth
engaged, when suddenly, on the night of October 1, 1920,
"taps" sounded, and this gallant old soldier went to sleep with
his comrades "on Fame's eternal camping ground" until the
Great Commander shall summon him, with Lee, Jackson,
and the hosts who wore the gray, to appear in the last
"grand review."
[H. M. Gibbons.]
James Riley Bolen.
The death of James Riley Bolen at Mangum, Okla., on
September 9, 1920, is reported by W. L. Jackson, his friend
and captain. His service for the Confederacy was with the
2d Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, under Col. J. M. Stone,
Heth's Division, A. P. Hill's corps.
Comrade Bolen was born in Alabama on October 9, 1840,
but while he was still a child the family removed to Missis-
sippi, and in that State he was married to Alary Elizabeth
Hick's in January, 1866. She survives him with three sons
and a daughter of the seven children born to them. In 1874
Comrade Bolen removed to Texas and lived in that State
twenty-six years, removing then to Mangum, Okla., where
he died. He was an exemplary citizen always, a member of
Baptist Church for some sixty-three years. His monument
was built by his life, and his example will be an inspiration
to those coming after.
Comrades of Camp Lomax.
Seven members of Camp Lomax, at Montgomery, Ala., died
during 1920, as follows: D. P. Flinn, Company K, 2d Ala-
bama Cavalry ; A. P. Wilson, Company K, 2d Alabama Cav-
alry; F. H. Merritt, Company G, 3d Kentucky Cavalry;
Albert Taylor, Company B, 7th Alabama Cavalry; Ben Trice,
Company I, 3d Alabama Regiment; J. W. Gilmer, adjutant
60th Alabama Regiment ; C. C. Baker, Company F, 60th Ala-
bama Regiment.
7 2
(^ogfederat^ l/eteraij.
Iftniteb ©augbters of tbe Confeberac?
re *£oire 'TT/'a/ees TTfamorj/ &/erna/"
Mrs. Roy W. McKinney, President General
Paducah, Ky.
Mrs. Alice Baxter, Atlanta, Ga First Vice President General Mrs. Amos Norris, Tampa, Fla Treasurer Genera
Mrs. Bennett D. Belt, Nashville, Tenn Second Vice President General Mrs. A. A. Campbell, Wytheville, Va Historian Genera
Mrs. R. P. Holt, Rocky Mount, N. C Third Vice President General Mrs. Fannie R. Williams, Newton, N. C . Registrar Genera
Mrs. R. D. Wright, Newherry, S. C Recording Secretary General Mrs. William D. Mason, Philadelphia, Pa Custodian of Crosst.
Mrs. W. E. R. Byrnes, Charleston, W. Va Cor. Secretary General Mrs. J. H. Crenshaw, Montgomery, Ala Custodian Flags and Pennant.
I All communications for this department should be sent direct to Mrs. A. B. White, Official Editor, Paris, Tenn.]
FROM THE PRESIDENT GENERAL.
To the United Daughters of the Confederacy: By the time
this letter reaches the Chapters we hope to have the minutes
of the Asheville Convention ready for distribution. This
volume is the record of our past year and the directory for
the coming year's work, making it necessary for every Chap-
ter to have several copies to properly promote the welfare
of U. D. C. activities. Mrs. R. D. Wright, Recording Sec-
retary General, Newberry, S. C, will furnish these volumes
at 25 cents per copy. I urge all interested members to order
at once, for this book is the very keynote of our organization.
The Cunningham Memorial. — By action of the Asheville
Convention the U. D. C. will endow a memorial scholarship
in George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tenn., to
honor the memory of and to be known as the Sumner A.
Cunningham Scholarship. The money in hand, collected for
a memorial to Mr. Cunningham, will be applied to this fund,
and immediate steps will be taken to collect an amount suf-
ficient to produce the income necessary to make this plan a
success. The committee in charge is made up of the follow-
ing active U. D. C. workers : Mrs. Birdie A. Owen, Chairman,
Jackson, Tenn. ; Mrs. J. L. McWhorter, Jonesville, S. C. ;
Mrs. A. McC. Kimbrough, Greenwood, Miss. ; Mrs. G. A.
Woods, Shelbyville, Tenn. ; and Mrs. W. A. Brown, Los
Angeles, Cal.
Certificates of Membership and Registration. — First, Di-
vision Presidents are asked to remember the postal rules
governing certificates. These must be sent by first-class mail,
and any digression from this is a violation of the postal
rules and causes many delays in delivery. Second, at a meet-
ing of Division Presidents and Registrars held at the Battery
Park Hotel in Asheville, upon motion of Mrs. Lawton, of
South Carolina, seconded by Mrs. Cabell Smith, of Virginia,
it was decided that all Division Presidents should keep a
record alphabetically arranged of the names on all certificates
received and signed by them. This is very important, and
Presidents are urged to carefully file these names. Third,
uniform application blanks are required by the by-laws and
may be obtained from the Recording Secretary General and
the Registrar General at 75 cents per hundred. Fourth, at
the 1921 convention in St. Louis the vote of each Division
and Chapter will depend entirely on the registration report
from the office of the Registrar General. The Executive
Board approved the following: Every Division Registrar
must send to the Registrar General before May 1, 1921, the
exact number of registered, active voting members of every
Chapter in her Division up to November 6, 1920. This is
very important; the vote of the Division rests upon it. If
the Division Registrar fails to report a Chapter, the Regis-
trar General cannot include that Chapter in her report. The
earnest, enthusiastic Division Registrar will begin at once ti
set her Division right on the general books.
The Book. — The retail price of "Southern Women in Wa
Times" is $2.50 the copy plus the postage, but it is offeree
to members of the U. D. C. at $2 the copy plus postage
Chapters or individual Daughters may order for member
or for others, but if the book is sold to outsiders the price
must be $2.50 the copy, plus the 12 cents postage, as the Chap
ter prefers. It is hoped the U. D. C. will accept this oppor
tunity to make some money, in addition to giving heartj
support to our great memorial to the women of the sixties
This is too generous an offer from the managing editor tc-
regard lightly. It becomes a duty to push the sale of thi:
book and to make it a successful and worthy memorial.
Needy Confederate Women. — The Treasurer General hac
a happy thought when she secured the consent of the Ashe-
ville Convention to send a Christmas check to each of the
women we are assisting. When the checks came for the
President General's indorsement, with each was inclosed
beautiful card with the season's greetings thereon. To th
I added seals, making a Christmas package indeed. The let
ters of appreciation that the President has received are de-
lightful and warm the heart with the hope of further service
With it all comes this lesson : we must work fast for these
dear women, for they are "going away." One Christmas check
was returned with a letter saying: "I am writing to inforrr
you of the death of Mrs. Susan Williams on the 9th of De-
cember." We must remember not to delay and thereby los
our opportunity.
Florence Goalder Faris Medal. — This award will be made
to a member of the C. of C. writing the best essay on the
subject, "Gen. John Hunt Morgan, a Confederate Wizard of
the Saddle." This notice is given here with the request fron
Mrs. Holt that the Chapters will notify the Children and d<
everything possible to interest them in the historical contests.
Necrology. — The death of Mrs. Whitehead, the mother of
our Third Vice President General, Mrs. R. Philip Holt, oc-
curred soon after the convention. It was my sad privilege
to send your message of sympathy to Mrs. Holt. The death
of Maj. George W. Littlefield removes from our ranks
faithful friend of our cause, and his death is lamented by the
entire South, especially the Daughters of the Confederacy re
member him with affection and gratitude.
Cordially, May M. Faris McKinney.
THE HERO FUND.
Report for December, 1920.
Previously reported $6,505 73
Florida Division : Check of Mrs. Amos H. Norris,
Treasurer General 95 25
Total $6,600 9ct
Confederate l/eterap.
73
U. D. C. NOTES.
'he editor appreciated very much the cordial holiday greet-
s of the Arkansas Division sent through their State Presi-
t, Mrs. Massey.
Irs. L. M. Bashinsky, Chairman Alabama Division Scholar-
■> Committee, Troy, Ala., is preparing a cookbook, the
ceeds from the sale of it to be used for the endowment of
cholarship as a memorial to Capt. Llewelyn H. Bowles, a
,'ve soldier, who lost an arm in defense of the Southern
,se, a consecrated minister of God, and Christian gentleman.
s. Bashinsky would very much appreciate it if you, your
[ :nds, and Chapter members would send her some of the
st choice "true and tried" recipes to be published in this
i morial book, for which only the very best is wanted. She
i ires each recipe to be signed, with the understanding that
', signature does not mean that the recipe is original, but
-t the signer has tested the recipe and knows it to be cor-
,t.
rifter her reelection by the convention at Asheville, Mrs.
>rge Cunningham, of Little Rock, Ark., resigned as Second
£:e President General, and at the Executive Committee
;ting held in Asheville on Monday after the close of the
'vention Mrs. Bennett D. Bell, of Gallatin, Tenr was
:ted to fill the vacancy.
he centenary of Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, the '"Wiidrd
the Saddle," comes on July 13, 1921. It seems that the
j . hundredth anniversary of the birth of this military won-
h should have special and fitting observance by all Confed-
l'te organizations. Can't the United Daughters of the Con-
'eracy institute such a movement and secure the coopera-
'l of all other Confederate societies?
lewly appointed correspondents for the Veteran :
dabama — Mrs. N. K. Perrow, Anniston.
^rkansas — Mrs. Dewell Gann, Sr., Benton.
forth Carolina — Miss Mary Mabry, Albemarle.
Colorado — Mrs. M. S. Bradley, 2706 East Twelfth Avenue,
wer.
laryland — Mrs. E. J. Croker, 4314 Groveland Avenue,
timore.
DIVISION NOTES.
'•'irginia. — At their meeting on December 8 the Richmond
'jpter expressed indignant opposition to the use of the name
j-Klux Klan" by any present-day organization and adopted
i following resolutions on the subject, which are com-
ided to the entire South:
lit is with regret that the Richmond Chapter of the United
ughters of the Confederacy is informed through the ar-
es in the press of the attempted revival of the Ku-Klux
in. This organization went out of existence when the
'se for which they worked was realized and Virginia, then
ed District No. 1, came again into her glorious own and
'scalawags' and the carpetbaggers of the North were
t back to the North. When the Freedman's Bureau was
anized, the North said the bureau was necessary to pro-
: the negro. The South responded with the Ku-Klux Klan
protect the white women. Mrs. Rose, one-time Historian
leral of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, has
tten a booklet on this subject and is an accepted authority
the secret organization. It should be in all the schools of
South. Therefore be it
Resolved, That the Richmond Chapter protests against any
anization adopting and using the name 'Ku-Klux Klan.'
It was a name and an order worthy of such men as Gen.
Nathan B. Forrest, chief of the Klan, and among its mem-
bers were the very bravest and noblest of Southern heroes.
"Be it further resolved, That we petition our State govern-
ment to prohibit the use of this name, made sacred by the
men who bore it in years gone by."
During Christmas week the Richmond Chapter gave its
annual turkey dinner for the veterans of the Confederate
Home, and a profusion of good things was heaped before
these old soldiers, who occupy such a warm place in the hearts
of all Richmond people. The Confederate women were re-
membered with many useful and attractive gifts and their
Christmas made bright and cheery.
The Lee Chapter gave its annual Christmas party to the
veterans on December 23 and included a Christmas tree in
Randolph Hall, on which was a present for every veteran,
the women of the Chapter sparing no trouble to get the ar-
ticles each of the "boys" desired.
District of Columbia. — At the annual convention, held De-
cember 3 in the Confederate Memorial Hall in Washington,
extensive reports on work being done in educational, relief,
and memorial lines comprised the largest portion of the busi-
ness transacted. Mr. Conroy, of Camp 305, S. C. V., of
Washington, made an interesting address and asked for
greater cooperation between the Sons and the Daughters of
the Confederacy. Vocal solos were rendered during the
evening, and the Division presented a large bouquet of red
and white carnations to the President, Mrs. Benoit.
The following officers will head the Division for the year :
Mrs. Lee Benoit, President (reelected) ; Mrs. A. Waller.
First Vice President ; Mrs. George Covington, Second Vice
President; Mrs. Virginia Willis, Recording Secretary; Mrs.
Charles Maubery, Corresponding Secretary; Mrs. W. B. New-
man, Treasurer; Mrs. Paul L. Joachim, Registrar; Mrs. S.
B. Milton, Historian ; Mrs. Drury Ludlow, Parliamentarian ;
Mrs. Goodwin Ellsworth, Chaplain ; Mrs. Arthur Thompson,
Custodian ; Miss Frances Weeks, Auditor ; Mrs. Gustavus
Werber, Recorder of Crosses.
A bronze tablet, set in a ten-foot granite bowlder, has been
placed at Stephenson's Depot, near Winchester, Va., in honor
of Col. Richard Snowden Andrews and officers and men of
the 1st Maryland Artillery and was unveiled on December 2.
1920. This is the tribute of Mrs. Gibson Fahnestock, a late
President of the District of Columbia Division, and her
brother, Charles Lee Andrews, to the memory of their father.
Maryland. — The State convention was held at the Green
Door Tea Rooms, Baltimore, on December 7, 1920, Mrs.
Charles E. Parr, President, presiding. Representatives from
five State Chapters were present. The new Chapter, Henry
Kyd Douglas, of Hagerstown, with a membership of nearly
sixty, was given a warm welcome. This Chapter was or-
ganized last spring by Mrs. Parr. At the morning session
Chapter reports were read. At noon a luncheon was served,
with the visiting delegates as guests The election of officers
occupied the afternoon session. Miss Georgia Bright was
unanimously elected State President to succeed Mrs. Parr,
who had served the Division most acceptably for four years.
The other officers elected were : First Vice President, Mrs.
Edward H. Bash ; Second Vice President, Mrs. J. H. Lough-
borough ; Third Vice President, Mrs. James Hoyle; Fourth
Vice President, Mrs. Winfield Peters ; Recording Secretary,
Mrs. J. Addison Cooke ; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Jack-
son Brant; Registrar, Mrs. I. P. Gough ; Treasurer, Mrs.
Arnold Frick; Historian, Mrs. R. Corbin Maupin ; Recorder
of Crosses, Miss Sallie Maupin ; Parliamentarian, Mrs. Jed
V
74
^oijfederat^ l/efcerai).
Gittings ; Director of Children, Mrs. James Gaskins ; State
Poet and Editor, Mrs. Edward Croker.
The Maryland quota for the Jefferson Davis monument
was completed in April, 1920. With a membership of 733,
$1,400 was contributed to the "Hero Fund," nearly double
the amount assured.
Ohio. — The nineteenth annual convention of the Ohio Di-
vision held its opening ceremonies on Tuesday, October 12,
1920, at the Cleveland Hotel, Cleveland, with the Alexander
H. Stephens Chapter as hostess. A large representation from
the seven Chapters comprising the Ohio Division was in at-
tendance, as well as invited guests of the Chapter.
Mrs. John J. Parker, President of the Cleveland Chapter,
very graciously extended a hearty welcome to the delegates
and visitors, which was responded to in behalf of the Ohio
delegation by Mrs. James Burton Doan, of Cincinnati, State
President.
The program arranged for the evening was a "Historical
Evening" in honor of Matthew Fontaine Maury. Mrs. John
L. Shearer, of Cincinnati, a member of the Albert Sidney
Johnston Chapter, gave an interesting and enlightening ad-
dress on "Matthew Fontaine Maury, the Pathfinder of the
Sea," and the delightful musical program by local talent in-
cluded several numbers on "Songs of the Sea."
Those present were most fortunate in being able to see the
wonderful medals, or duplicates of the medals, presented to
Commodore Maury from every country in the world but his
own for his valiant services to all mankind. These priceless
treasures were lent for this occasion by a member of the
Maury family who resides in Cincinnati.
The Alexander H. Stephens Chapter, of Cleveland, has set
an example in publicly honoring Matthew Fontaine Maury.
Let other Chapters follow this example and give honor to
him who has so long been denied the honors so justly due.
The first business session of the convention met on Wednes-
day, October 13, Mrs. James Burton Doan, of Cincinnati,
State President, in the chair.
Confederate relief work has taken the banner this year
for U. D. C. activities. Under the able guidance of Mrs.
John W. Hagerty, of Cincinnati. State Chairman, the mag-
nificent sum of $1,104 was given to help the poor and unfor-
tunate, the noblest branch of U. D. C. work. This Division
has endowed a room in the Home for Needy Confederate
Women, Richmond, Va., to be paid annually on a prorated
per capita basis. The endowment began on July 4, 1920, it
seeming most appropriate to add this celebration to our na-
tion's great Independence Day.
The Ohio Division went "over the top" early last spring
for the Jefferson Davis Memorial Fund, paying for ten mem-
bers more than its quota. The quota for the Hero Fund has
also been exceeded. Since this fund began in 1918 the total
amount given to the Hero Fund is $710, a little over $3 per
member, against $1.15 asked for.
All Chapter Presidents gave excellent reports. Harmony
is the keynote which has made this year so successful.
The Stonewall Jackson Chapter, of Cincinnati, reports a
most unusual occurrence. "At the September meeting little
Miss Elizabeth King was received into the Chapter as a jun-
ior member. She is of the fourth generation to be a member
of this Chapter. All four generations were present on this
memorable occasion. Her great-grandmother held her, her
grandmother presented her name, and her mother paid her
dues.
The Robert E. Lee Chapter, of Columbus, reports the Camp
Chase Memorial Association organized during the past year.
This organization will make it possible to have a memorial
service each year worthy of those who sleep there. Every
member of the Ohio Division is urged to become a member. 'I 15
On June 5, 1920, memorial services were held at Camp Chase ;|.
Cemetery. The Rev. Dr. W. L. Pickard, of Tennessee, de-
livered the address. The band and a firing squad from the
United States marine barracks were present.
The Gen. Joe Wheeler Chapter, of Dayton, reports that' I'
its greatest work has been done for the veterans at PeeweejL;
(Continued on page 78).
ijtatortral S*partttmtt 1. 1. (ft.
Motto : "Loyalty to the truth of Confederate history."
Key word : "Preparedness." Flower : The rose.
MRS. A. A. CAMPBELL, HISTORIAN GENERAL.
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR MARCH, 1921.
Charleston Poets : Henry Timrod, Paul Hamilton Hayne, ;
1 William Gilmore Simms.
Read a poem from each one and have the members present ;
guess the name of the poem and the author. Follow this
with a paper or a talk on the life of each poet or, if preferred,
on Charleston as a literary center,
C. OF C. PROGRAM FOR MARCH, 1921.
Thomas J. Jackson, the Christian Soldier.
The Stonewall of the Confederacy, unique in his method^ P
and remarkable in his personality.
A LIBERTY BOND PRIZE.
Announcement is made of a new and valuable prize,
:
Si
■:■
hundred-dollar Liberty Bond, which will be given by Mis.'
Mary Carter, of Upperville, Va., through the Virginia Di'
vision to the Division which purchases the largest number ol
Miss Rutherford's booklet, "Truths of History." The mini
mum for which the award will be made is one hundred copies
and should that number not be reached the prize will be con
tinued next year. It is hoped, however, that Divisions wi'
eagerly avail themselves of this generous offer and that tin
prize can be given at the St. Louis Convention in 1921.
The object of this gift is twofold: First, to place thii
valuable little treatise in every Southern home and schoo
and in as many others as possible; second, to provide fron
the sale a fund for the publication of another booklet by Mis
Rutherford which will be a permanent addition to her splen
did contributions to Southern history. Miss Rutherford oc
cupies a unique position and is a unique personality. Th
Daughters of the Confederacy appreciate her great servio
to the cause of truth and should rejoice at the opportunit:
to cooperate with her in making the truth of history known ..
The sale of the booklet is not limited to Chapters or member
of the U. D. C. It is open to every person who desires t<
invest fifty cents in the booklet. Orders should be sent t(
Miss Mildred Rutherford, Athens, Ga. The record of sale,
will be kept by her, and Divisions will be given credit fa
all orders received from the States which they represent
The award will be based upon this record, and there are ru
restrictions whatever placed upon the use to which the priz
may be applied.
:
C^orjfederat^ l/eterap.
/a,
kmfeberatet) Southern memorial Hssociation
- s. A. McD. Wilson President
436 Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Ga.
:s. C. B. Bryan First Vice President
I Memphis, Tenn.
' ss Sue H. Walker Second Vice President
FayettevUle, Ark.
is. John E. Maxwell Treasurer
Seale, Ala.
ss Daisy M. L. Hodgson'. ...Recording Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
ss Mary A. Hall Historian
1 137 Greene Street, Augusta, Ga.
-ts. Bryan W '.Collier.. Corresponding Secretary
College Park, Ga.
rs. Virginia Frazek Boyle Poet Laureate
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
VICE PRESIDENTS
Alabama— Montgomery Mrs. R. P. Dexter
Arkansas — Fayetteville Mrs. J. Garside Welch
Florida — Pensacola Mrs. Horace L. Simpson
Georgia — Columbus Miss Anna Caroline Benning
KENTUCKY — Bowling Green Missjeannie Blackburn
Louisiana — New Orleans Mrs. James Dinkins
Mississippi — Vicksburg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
Missouri — St. Louis Mrs. G. K. Warner
North Carolina — Raleigh Mrs. Robert H.Jones
South Carolina— Charleston Mrs. S. Cary Beckwith
Tennessee — Memphis Mrs. Charles W. Frazer
Virginia — Front Royal Mrs. S. M. Davis- Roy
COMMUNICATION FROM MRS. COLLIER.
To Memorial Women: It has been a great disappointment
me that the publishers have failed to deliver my book,
iiographies of Representative Women of the South, 1861-
[ 20," according to promise. I desire to thank all the sub-
ribers to this volume for their kind waiting. Their pa-
;nce has been to me a deep expression of beautiful character
•id has helped me to learn anew the lesson of patient waiting.
I feel like this, my first edition of biographies of our noble
ruthern women, is but the prelude to other volumes that
tall follow. I have for years desired to do this work, but
y home duties demanded my days, and not until recent years
juld I devote any time to this work.
, We who have the honor to be descendants of the families
: the Confederacy have much to be proud of, much to cause
; to be deeply reverent in all our work. It is a sacred task
1 me, filled with precious memories that are immortal. It
trries us back to the "Rose Hills, Linwoods, and Bonaven-
ires," and from every hallowed spot where the dust of our
ead is sleeping, from the trailing mosses of the live oaks to
te wandering wild rose on the mountain side ; and I hope
e shall never forget to honor and revere that memory that
:calls to us a little band of Southern women standing over
iie graves of our soldiers who had fallen under the blue
-id the gray gathering the first flowers of that April day
lat had blossomed from fields of blood.
■ Whenever that picture of those pale, careworn faces of our
Mothers, beautiful in heroic courage and saintly through fiery
rials, fades from my memory, it will be when the flowers of
ur Southland forget to bloom in the sunshine of celestial
lory, when the mocking bird no longer sings to us the songs
f other days. Mrs. Bryan Wells Collier,
l Corresponding Secretary General C. S. M. A.
ASSOCIATION NOTES.
BY LOLLIE BELLE WYL1E.
At the Reunion held at Houston, Tex., in October a reso-
jtion was offered by Mrs. Oswell R. Eve, of Augusta, Ga.,
sking that the Confederated Southern Memorial Association
irect one of its activities toward creating an interest in the
American library at Paris. France, which is a memorial li-
rary to Alan Seegar. the young American poet who gave
is life on the battle field in France in the World War. The
esolution passed, and Mrs. Eve was appointed chairman of
he Alan Seegar Memorial Library.
Mrs. Bryan Wells Collier has received the following in-
eresting account of the library from W. N. C. Carlton,
-.D.H., the European representative at Paris :
"The basis of the collection was the library formed and main-
tained by the American Library Association for the use of the
American overseas forces during the war and all Americans
engaged on official work. It numbers at present thirty
thousand well selected volumes. When the library was about
to be closed and the volumes sent back to America, war activi-
ties having ceased, a group of American, British, and French
men and women of prominence in Paris, who realized its
value and importance as an educational institution, asked if
there was any way in which it could be left in Paris and made
a permanent free library administered on American theory
and practice. The Library Association at once offered to
make a free gift of the whole plant to any organization that
would agree to accept it and secure an endowment for it.
"The Paris people accepted the offer, formed an incorporated
society called the American Library in Paris, and are now
actively engaged in raising the requisite money for its ade-
quate support.
"Money and books are therefore most acceptable, and we
shall be glad to receive the gift of such as you can send us
along certain lines. We should particularly appreciate any
standard and authoritative books relating to the history, lit-
erature, politics, social development, colonial and war records,
and other material relating to the South, from its first settle-
ment down to the present day. A collection of that sort
would be of the greatest value to French and other European
students of American history. As one who has long loved
and admired the South, it would be a special pleasure to me
to see such a collection here, and I know it will be well used,"
concludes Mr. Carlton.
Mr. Charles L. Seegar, the father of Alan Seegar, the
gifted young hero-poet, has established a fund of fifty thou-
sand francs in memory of his son and has been elected presi-
dent of the board of trustees of the memorial library. Mrs.
Edith Wharton and Madame la Contesse de Chambrum, for-
merly Clara Longworth, are trustees of the library.
Gift to Wren's Nest.
The Uncle Remus Memorial Association, which has bought
and preserved the Wren's Nest, the home of Joel Chandler
Harris, the great folklore writer, has been enriched by a pic-
ture of Joel Chandler Harris, Henry Grady, the famous orator
and author of "The Patchwork Palace," Col. J. H. Estill, the
journalist, and Frank Stovall Roberts, Confederate veteran,
grouped on Point Lookout, which appeared in the July num-
ber of the Confederate Veteran. The picture, enlarged and
framed, was presented to Mrs. A. McD. Wilson. President
General C. S. M. A. and President for life of the Uncle
Remus Memorial Association, by Mr. Roberts and was shown
at the January meeting of the Association. The picture will
be placed in the Wren's Nest, where the "Uncle Remus"
stories were written.
76
^oiyfederat^ tfefcerai).
Prominent Women Appointed to Office.
"Mrs. Jesse J. Yates, of Asheville, N. C, has been appointed
State President C. S. M. A. by the President General, Mrs.
A. McD. Wilson, to fill the unexpired term of Mrs. Robert
Jones.
Mrs. Oswell Eve has been appointed Chairman of the Alan
Seegar Memorial American Library at Paris, France. Al-
ready a number of valuable books have been contributed to
the library through the C. S. M. A., including a complete set
of the literary works of Miss Mildred Rutherford, whose
kinswoman was the founder of the Memorial Association, the
oldest organization of patriotic women in the world, as far as
is known. The "Biographies of Representative Women of the
South," by Mrs. Bryan Wells Collier, and "Memoirs of Judge
Richard H. Clark," by Lottie Belle Wylie, will be other
books of value to be given, and in the collection which will
find its way to the library will be books by some of the most
notable writers of the South.
To Organize College Girls.
Mrs. Bryan W. Collier held a very interesting meeting of
the Robert E. Lee Chapter, of which she is President, at Cox
College, College Park, on December 9.
The student body and faculty were guests of the Chapter,
as Mrs. Collier had extended invitation to the girls eighteen
years old to become members of the Chapter.
Mrs. A. McD. Wilson, President General of the C. S. M. A.,
was the guest of the day and by special request addressed the
student body on "What It Means to Become a Daughter of
the Confederacy." She charmed the girls with her reminis-
cences of war times of the sixties and also spoke of her me-
morial work.
Mrs. Collier hopes to add many new names from the stu-
dent body to her U. D. C. Chapter and will also organize a
Memorial Association among the college girls, thus sending
out from that wonderful band of Southern girls a new vision
in many phases of the loyal work she is doing for the South.
"THE WOMEN OF THE SOUTH IN WAR TIMES."
After conferring with the President General U. D. C. and
the Publication Committee, the managing editor of "The
Women of the South in War Times" announces that the U.
D. C. may obtain copies of this volume at the rate of $2.
plus an average of 12 cents for postage, for the next six
months and indefinitely thereafter if the book be properly
supported, so as to make up at least a portion of the deficit
of several thousand dollars now on account, a deficit partly
due to the fact that some fourteen hundred copies were sent
out at pre-war prices according to a pre-war agreement made
prior to the contract with the printers. The price of the book
to those outside the organization is $2.50, plus postage.
It has been suggested that the Chapters secure copies of the
book, selling it to their own membership at the $2 rate and
to outsiders at the $2.50, thereby making the difference for
Chapter expenses. The plan that would work best in such a
case, is to secure a copy, give it to the local press for review,
which not only helps the book, but gives favorable publicity
to the Chapter. In this review the name of the duly-appointed
representative of the local Chapter should be given. This
appointee would receive and forward orders.
Earnest efforts will be made to provide for a publicity fund
for this memorial volume of our mothers — a memorial which
will prove many times more effective than scores of monu-
ments of marble or tablets of bronze. Monuments are fixed
and permanent, and they stand for love and patriotism. They
are there for those who go to see them, and they serve a great h
purpose where they stand. No monument, however, can go to f
those who do not come to it. This memorial volume, dedicated
to "The Women of the South in War Times," has already)
demonstrated that it carries conviction, creates sympathy, and .fcs
does away with sectional prejudices by establishing a clear p
understanding of what our fathers and mothers represented,' *~
achieved, and endured in 1861-65. This memorial may travelf"
not only over the country, but throughout the English-speak- \,
ing world as well. A minimum of $1,500 is absolutely essen-1
tial to start this work on its way. It has already been re-
ported that the Boston Transcript recommended the work to I
its readers as likely to give them a new viewpoint concerning t -
the position of people whom "we once thought devoid of allit
honesty and faith." In the issue of Sunday, January 16, theiL
New York Times, in an extended review, spoke of the workjt-
in the opening paragraph in the following words: "One of;|
the brightest pages in the history of our country is that on!t:
which is written the noble epic of the devotion to their causej^-
the unselfishness and the courage displayed by the women ofji :
the South during the Civil War. In 'Women of the Southjl-
in War Times' Matthew Page Andrews has expanded thisi
glorious page into a book packed with romantic stories rep-
resentative of the gallant achievements of a heroic people. 1
The South Carolina Division is still leading in both sub
scriptions and publicity work for "The Women of the Soutl
in War Times." Nevertheless, Mrs. R. P. Holt, official dis
tributor for North Carolina, is doing good work in her Di-
vision and reports the first contribution from a Chapter of
the Children of the Confederacy. This contribution of $5
comes from the Junior Bethel Heroes Chapter, Children of
the Confederacy, at Rocky Mount. The South Carolina Di-
vision has contributed $50 toward the publicity fund through
Mrs. St. J. Alison Lawton and holds out a promise of an
additional $50 later on. The Joseph H. Lewis Chapter, of
Frankfort, Ky., has contributed $5 toward the publicity' fund :
$63 has been realized on the publicity fund through the sale
of specially marked State Division copies. The following
additional States have subscribed for their official copies since
our last report : Arkansas, Colorado, Louisiana, Maryland.
Missouri, and Pennsylvanai.
Other States are still to be accounted for, in some of which
there are no official Chapters designated, but these States may-
be taken care of by individual Daughters or by neighboring
Divisions. As suggested by the President General, other
States may act as sponsors for States not represented in the
U. D. C. organization.
Oklahoma is coming to the front of late with an order for
a few copies almost every week. Nearly all these copies are
being sent in through the energetic cooperation of Mrs.
Arthur Walcott, State Distributor, of Ardmore.
Send orders to Matthew Page Andrews, 849 Park Avenue,
Baltimore, Md.
W. M. Francis, of Sallisaw, Okla., sends renewal of sub-
scription for two years in advance, saying: "I hope to live to
read it many more years. It does my soul good to read its
pages and to see how fair it is in publishing the truth about
what happened. I was a boy during the war, but I remember
it very distinctly. May the Veteran live long to give the
truth to the rising generation of how and why we fought for
our rights I"
Qoi)federat^ l/eterai).
77
INS OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS.
Organized in July, iSoS, at Richmond, Va.
OFFICERS, iqiq-20.
3 imander in Chief Nathan Bedford Forrest
I utant in Chief Carl Hinton
| tor, J. R. Price 1206 16th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.
address ail communications to this department to the Edi-
]
CONFEDERATION NEWS AND NOTES.
Vashington Camp, No. 405, held its regular monthly meet-
i. January 11. Representative W. B. Bankhead, of Ala-
ma, delivered an address on the constitutional rights of
ii;ssion and the Reconstruction period in the South. Com-
:;ndant Elgin H. Blalock presided. George T. Rawlins, F.
I Conway, and Jessie Anthony, Jr., were appointed a com-
l tee to prepare a reception in honor of Commander in Chief
hthan Bedford Forrest and members of the Executive Coun-
[ A meeting of the Executive Council will be held here
put February 1. J. J. Crandill, C. A. Moran, and G. L.
I rrison were elected to membership.
* * *
n order to prevent a great many letters from being re-
ined to general headquarters on account of insufficient ad-
i-':ss, it is requested that all officers of the organization send
Mr address, which should include the street or post office
[K number, to Carl Hinton, Adjutant in Chief, 1205 Sho-
one Street, Denver, Colo.
* * *
Arthur H. Jennings, Historian in Chief, Lynchburg, Va.,
)orts that many colleges and libraries are now voluntarily
"king for copies of the Gray Book. The United Daugh-
's of the Confederacy are introducing the book into the
r blic schools in accordance with a plan outlined at their
nvention at Asheville. A historical program for the cur-
Tit year is now being prepared. In this connection it is
ggested that all Division Historians write Comrade Jen-
rigs for particulars concerning his plans.
* * *
Miss Nannie Randolph Heth, daughter of the late Col.
arry Heth, of General Lee's staff, died at her home, in
"ashington, D. C, January 10. Miss Heth, who was one of
e organizers of the Southern Relief Society, had held the
>sition as President for eighteen years. It was mainly due
her efforts that the Southern Relief Home was founded
Washington, D. C, to care for Confederate veterans. One
': the rooms in the home was dedicated to her father. She
as laid to rest at Richmond, Va.
* * *
The option on one hundred and twenty-eight acres of the
Manassas battle field is now of record. More land will not
: needed, except a spot here and there over the thousands
: acres where fighting occurred at both First and Second
tanassas, a few square feet each, on which to erect monu-
ients marking epochal events of the battles. Then from the
tenry Hill one can see each monument and hear the story of
Dth battles. The museum is valuable and comes with the
eal, $25,000 cash at expiration of option. This site is beau-
ful for a memorial park: thirty-three miles from Arlington,
fteen miles from historic Fairfax, eighteen miles from en-
hanting Mount Vernon, twenty miles from Warrenton, the
ipital of Mosby's Confederacy, and not much farther from
Chief Justice Marshall's old home, with Richmond within
two hours' automobile ride, and quaint old Manassas at the
doorway. What more historic setting for a memorial park
to Southern valor? Maj. E. W. R. Ewing and Westwood
Hutchinson, trustees, have invited Governor Davis to act as
temporary chairman of the organization committee, and each
Southern organization and each Southern State is asked to
name a member of the committee, to be called into early
meeting by Governor Davis. It is planned that the meeting
arrange for incorporation, giving each Southern State and
organization one member of the board and making the Gov-
ernor of Virginia ex officio chairman. It was on this battle
field that Stonewall Jackson and his Virginians not only
saved the day in the last ditch, as had gallant Evans earlier,
but here Jackson got his immortal name and his wound, and
here Wheat and Bee, heroic figures, died for the sacredness
• of constitutional government. The South cannot forget these
deeds. „, .
George T. Rawlins, who was recently appointed Commander
of the District of Columbia Division, has selected the fol-
lowing staff officers for the current year: J. A. Kephart, Adju-
tant and Chief of Staff; Harry G. Hughes, Division Quarter-
master; A. D. Deason, Division Inspector; Rufus W. Pear-
son, Division Judge Advocate; T. H. Harris, Division Com-
missary; Dr. W. Cabell Moore, Division Surgeon; Rev. An-
drew R. Bird, Division Chaplain; Frank R. Fravcl, Division
Historian.
* * *
The Division Commanders recently appointed by N. B.
Forrest, Commander in Chief, are: Alabama, Dr. W. E. Quin.
Fort Payne ; Arkansas, A. D. Pope, Magnolia ; Colorado, C.
L. Colburn, Denver; District of Columbia, Georgia T. Raw-
lins, Washington; Florida, S. L. Lowry, Tampa; Georgia,
J. Hugh Conley, Augusta ; Kentucky, J. B. Wickliffe, Wick-
liffe; Missouri, J. Gwynne Gough, St. Louis; North Carolina,
G. O. Coble, Greensboro ; New Mexico, J. S. Oliver, Carls-
bad ; South Carolina, W. R. McCutchen, Sumter ; Tennessee,
D. S. Etheridge, Chattanooga ; Virginia, R. Johnston Neely,
Portsmouth ; West Virginia, G. W. Sidebottom, Huntington.
The appointment of the Division Commanders for Missis-
sippi, Oklahoma, and Texas will be announced later.
* * *
Elgin H. Blalock, Commandant of Washington Camp, S.
C. V., 1184 Morse Street Northeast, Washington, D. C, de-
sires to establish the eligibility of an applicant for member-
ship in the Camp. The applicant's father, Alpheus J. Norman,
enlisted at Richmond, Va. He persuaded an old Irish woman
to represent herself as his mother because he was too young
to enlist. It is possible he may have enlisted under the as-
sumed name of Dixon. He was a member of Stuart's Cav-
alry; fought in the battle of the Wilderness, where he was
captured, taken to Washington, and confined in Old Capitol
Prison, on First Street. He was mustered out at New Or-
leans at the close of the war and worked his way to Pitts-
burgh, then to New York City, where he died in 1879. Sur-
viving comrades are requested to furnish any information
concerning the war record of this veteran.
T. L. McMillan, of Waelder, Tex., son of a Confederate
veteran, writes of his continued enjoyment of the Veteran.
His father, S. W. McMillan, is still living, now in his ninetieth
year; and his Uncle Hugh, who was also a Confederate sol-
dier, died recently in his eighty-seventh year. Another uncle,
James E. McMillan, died of a wound received in the battle
of the Wilderness.
78
^prffe derate Ueterai).
DIVISION NOTES.
(Continued from page 74.)
Valley, Ky. Last spring this Chapter donated $100 for easy
chairs and bedside tables for the Home, and two days after
they were delivered fire destroyed the entire building. A
movement is on foot to replace the chairs.
Through efforts of the Albert Sidney Johnston Chapter,
one Confederate veteran was admitted to the Confederate
Home at Richmond, Va. The Division is also caring for an
old lady living at Franklin, Ohio. This gratuity has brought
much happiness into her declining days, and her genuine ap-
preciation of it is as a benediction on our work. Generous
contributions to the Confederate Home at Peewee Valley,
Ky., have been made.
The delegates were entertained with an informal luncheon
on Wednesday, a dinner dance in the evening, and a delight-
ful automobile ride on Thursday afternoon, after the conven-
tion adjourned, through the beautiful city of Cleveland, stop-
ping at the Country Club for a delightful "tea" as guests of
Mrs. J. J. Parker, President of the hostess Chapter.
During the morning session on Thursday an invitation was
extended the convention assembled to attend the Woman's
City Club at noon to hear the Hon. W. G. McAdoo speak on
"The League of Nations." The invitation was most gladly ac-
cepted. It is very gratif}'ing to state that Mr. McAdoo recog-
nized the U. D. C. and gave the delegation a very hearty
greeting as he came on the platform.
The following officers were elected for 1921 : President,
Mrs. W. H. Estabrook, Dayton ; First Vice President, Mrs.
Joseph C. Hosea, Cincinnati ; Second Vice President, Mrs.
John B. Preston, Columbus; Third Vice President, Mrs. W.
Y. Davis, Cincinnati; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Albert Sid-
ney Porter, Cleveland; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. H. V.
Dutrow, Dayton ; Treasurer, Mrs. Leroy Rose, Columbus ; His-
torian-Custodian, Mrs. John L. Shearer, Cincinnati; Regis-
trar, Mrs. A. R. Shaw, Columbus ; Recorder of Crosses, Mrs.
E. M. Slemmons, Columbus; Director of C. of C. Chapters,
Mrs. A. W. Freeman, Columbus; State Editor for the Vet-
eran, Mrs. A. S. Porter, Cleveland.
ODD TERMS OF THE SIXTIES.
Col. John C. Stiles, of Brunswick, Ga., writes :
"Will some one who lived through the sixties tell us through
the columns of the Veteran if they know what the following
represent: Hessians, Jayhawkers, Union Shriekers, Claybank
and Charcoal factions in Missouri, Knights of the Golden
Circle, Red Legs, Southern Peace Society, Flat Foots of
Missouri, Union Loose Pins, Union Shriekers, Paw Paws in
Missouri, Sons of Liberty, Galvanized Rebels, Galvanized
Yankees, Buckskin Gentry in California, Flat-Topped Copper-
heads, Heroes of America, White Cottons, Florida Royals,
Jobberwowls, Tories, American Knights, and Corps de Bel-
gique?
"What were the following: Hewgagism, Hoosier and sucker
tactics, Hunkerism, Scewhorn principles?
"Also how many does 'right smart' mean? Was 'one hour
by sun' just after sunup or just after sundown? Did "seeing
the elephant' mean getting into a fight? And if any one ate
the ration of mule meat served to our soldiers in Vicksburg,
kindly let us know how he liked it; if it tasted a^-thing like
turkey, and what effect it had on the character and disposi-
tion."
Mixin' with 'Em— J. M. Barkley, who served w'ith Co
pany F, 73d North Carolina Regiment (Junior Reserve
writes from Detroit, Mich., regarding the new subscript
rate : "Your 'advance' is so modest that it is out of charac
with the way the Confederates used to advance in the
war days. I am inclosing check for $4.50. Let that ren
my subscription for a year anyway, and let the little balai
go into your work. Away up 'Nawth' here I get to see v;
few 'auld grays' of the Confederacy, but the old boys in b
are fine to me. I have been made an associate member of c
of the best Posts (Detroit Post, No. 384, G. A. R., Depa
ment of Michigan), and they insist on my marching w
them on Memorial Day, which I do with the Confederate v
eran's cross of honor and the showy badge of the Post s
by side on my breast. They welcomed it with great hilari
and now look for it every time there is a turn-out, which
growing fewer every year. I'm just seventy-four."
Thomas Hunter, a Canadian who served in the Confeder
army, writes from Toronto. Hotel Elliott: "I have read w
great interest the article by J. N. Thompson, of Mempl
Tenn., appearing in the November Veteran and giving
short sketch of the 44th Mississippi. This was my old re_
ment, into which I was mustered by the gallant and lament
Colonel Blythe. On this my eightieth birthday I am n
living in my native city, but I recall with vivid interest v
events recorded by Comrade Thompson and, of course, ma
others. To Comrade Thompson and any other survivors
send greetings and shall be glad to hear from any of them.'
Souvenir Reunion Book.— George B. Boiling, Adjut-
and Chief of Staff, Tennessee Division, S. C. V, is preps
ing a souvenir book of the Tulsa, Atlanta, and Houston F.
unions which will contain pictures of Veterans, Sons, Spo
sors, Maids of Honor, Chaperons, and others having conn
tion with Confederate affairs. Those wishing certain pictm
to appear therein should communicate with him at 637 Was
ington Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
John F. Green writes from Hope, Ark. : "I was in tj
Army of Northern Virginia from First Manassas to App
mattox. Never reported sick a day; wounded five time
Many years ago I thought the Veteran would soon play oi
but, like wine, it grows better with age."
In the article by Capt. John McAnerney on "Dahlgrei:
Raid on Richmond," page 20 of the January number, a typ.
graphical error changed the name of Capt. Edward S. G:
to Guy in the reference to the boy company of Richmor
which had a part in the defense of the city at the time.
H. Wickizer, of Los Angeles, Cal., renews subscription fc
five years and writes: "I have been a subscriber since tl
early nineties — 1894, if my memory is correct. Pretty goo
for a 'Yank,' don't you think? Kind regards and wishirl
you every success."
A slip of the typewriter gave General Forrest the name c
William Bedford instead of Nathan Bedford in the artic'
on "Two Biographies." page 378 of the October Vetera:
The error was corrected in part of the edition.
Hon. Walter Sydnor, of Richmond, Va., sends several su,
scriptions and says: "I congratulate you on the success ths
you are making of the Veteran."
Qoqfederat^ l/eterai).
79
Bronze '.
Memorial "tablets v
jf the Highest Standard
( )ur experience of 27 years
is our giictr.intt'e " f results
aul E. Cabaret & Go.
120 1?S Eleventh Avenile
; New York
llhivlr tied booklet whim request.
R. D. (Dick) Wilson is anxious to
locate some member of Company K,
Williams's Regiment of Missouri Cav-
alry, who can testify to his service as
a Confederate soldier. He wishes to
get a pension. Any surviving comrades
will please communicate with H. R.
Airheart. at Amarillo, Tex.
-DO YOU KNOW
that besides making
U. C. V. Uniforms
PETTIBONE'S
also makes an im-
mense line of Regalia
and Lodge Supplies
for Masons, Odd Fel-
lows, Py t Hians,
Woodmen, etc.?
Stephen D. Tillman, of Mount
Rainier, Md., wishes to get information
on the record of his grandfather,
Stephen D. Tillman, who entered the
Confederate army from Edgefield, S. C.
The only record of him is that he was
commissioned as colonel with the Cald-
well Regiment of Infantry from Louisi-
ana. Any information of his service
will be appreciated.
Trs. T. C. Hunter, of Lawton, Okla.,
ute B, asks that any surviving com-
les of her father, Felix C. Smith,
o served in the Tennessee Army,
:burne's Division, will write to her
to his record, which she is anxious
get.
PMrs. Betty Smyer, of Susanville,
l;egon, wishes to locate the Mr. Jack-
! i who lost both hands at Fort Donel-
'n, who, she thinks, is living some-
lere in Texas. Any one knowing of
n will please write to Mrs. Smyer.
Mrs. Katherine Ritchey, of Ada.
Okla., wishes to hear from some com-
rade of her husband, Samuel N.
Ritchey, who enlisted from Grubb
Springs, Miss., and served with the
41st Mississippi Regiment, C. S. A. In-
formation of his service is needed to get
her a pension, as she is old and help-
less. Surviving comrades will please
write to R. C. Roland, Box 941, Ada,
Okla.
Not luck, but bulldog grit— that's what
brings success. If one hundred men
were to have fortunes left to them, only
one or two would keep their fortunes
beyond a few years. But any man, by
sticking to it, can acquire a competence.
Put your savings into War Savings
Stamps and Treasury Savings Certifi-
cates. Always worth more than you
paid for them and not the kind of riches
to take wings.
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LEADING ARTICLES IN THIS NUMBER.
,eroic Defense of Bridge at Stephensson's Depot, Va
! irtners of General Lee
obert Edward Lee. (Poem.) By William Hervcy Woods
.hree Charleston Poets. By Mrs. A. A. Campbell
nglish Sentiment for the South
i'reatment of Slaves in the South. By Dr. James H. McNcilly
>nion Sentiment before Secession. By W. A. Callaway
wardships of Bragg's Retreat. By W. T. Wilson
nportant Battles of the War. By John C. Stiles
he Southern Cross of Honor. (Poem.) By C. B. Tate
illie Gun— A Tale of Two Epochs. By John N. Ware
. ast Days of the Confederacy. By I. G. Bradwell
. Heroine o f the Sixties • • •
•ages from an Old Autograph Album. By Mildred Reynolds Saffold.
lags Captured at Vicksburg. By J. D. Harwell
Tossing the Mississippi in 1864. By Joe M. Scott
)epartments : Last Roll
U. D. C
C. S. M. A
S. C. V
THE BEST PLACE
to purchase all-wool
Bunting or
Silk Flags
of all kinds
Silk Banners, Swords, Belts, Caps
and all kinds of Military Equipment and
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Joel Flag £. Regalia Co., 79 Nassau St.
Send tor Price List New York City
43
44
45
46
47
48
50
51
52
52
53
56
59
60
64
, 64
. 66
. 72
. 75
. 77
WAR SONGS AND POEMS OF
THE SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY
BY REV. HENRY M WHARTON, D.D., CHAPLAIN
GENERAL A. N. V., U. C. V.
400 PAGES. ILLUSTRATED. PRICE, $2.00
Send Post Office Money Order
Address REV. H. M. WHARTON, 224 West Utayetle Avenue,
BALTIMORE, MD.
Books Wanted.— "Dixie After the
War," by Myrta Lockhart Avary;
"Recollections Grave and Gay," by Mrs.
Burton Harrison; "My Reminiscences
of a Long Life," by Mrs. Roger A.
Pryor. Any one having these books for
sale will kindly communicate with the
Veteran, stating condition and price
wanted.
_
So
Qoojfederat^ l/efcerao
rz
Fiction for All Tas
No Clue
By JAMES HAY, JR.
The chief characteristic of "No Clue" is that each
chapter is in itself a big story. The suspense created at
the outset by a remarkable first chapter grows with the
progress of the narrative. The reader will be more than
impressed by the logical and artistic effect with which
the outcome of the story has been prophesied and neces-
sitated by every suspense-laden incident in the story.
Price, $2 net.
Sorcery
By FRANCIS CHARLES MACDONALD
Here is a story to stimulate the imagination and pro-
Aide a most exciting hour of reading. The scene is the
Hawaiian Islands, and the plot is shot through with the
queer superstitions of 'the. natives. The love story in-
volves two girls with Hawaiian blood in their veins and
the superstitions of long lines of island ancestors in
their minds. The reader is caught in the spell of tense
suspense until the last page. Price, $1.35 net.
The Rose Dawn
By STEWART EDWARD WHITE
This is a love story of California of the period of
transition when the "gray dawn" of the dim beginnings
of the State colors into the "rose dawn" of hope. In
this novel the author has assembled a fascinating set of
characters, and a generation of history is revealed in
this tale of a generation of men. Price, $1.90 net.
The Third Window
By ANNE DOUGLAS SEDGWICK
The theme of "The Third Window," that the dead may
not be dead, is as novel as it is profoundly moving.
Only four characters appear, including the unseen dead,
but these four will live forever in the reader's memory.
And the interplay of their personalities makes one of
the most poignant and memorable stories of recent fic-
tion. Price, $1.50 net.
A Servant of Reality
By PHYLLIS BOTTOMS
Most of the action of this story is in the green Eng-
lish country. The chief characters are Kitty, who
"loved" too much, and Anthony, who loved Kitty so
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moving, the rapid-fire dialogue holds the attention, and
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The Gray Angels
By NALBRO HARTLEY
This is a story of a woman gifted alike with voice and
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Black Bartlem]
Treasure
By JEPFEBT FABNOL
Mr. Farnol brings back the pirate days
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ers who set sail on the good ship Faitl
the unique experiences of Martin and the
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tained the buried treasure. Price, $2.15 ;
The Trumpeter
By TEMPLE BAILEY
That interesting problem, the demobil"
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Highacres
By JANE D. ABBOTT
Illustrated in Color and Halftone by Ha:
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"Highacres" is a school story, full of
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The Royal Outl
By CHARLES B. HUDSOl
Around the story of David when pers
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Cloudy Jewel
By GRACE LIVINGSTON H
(Mrs. IiUtz)
"Cloudy Jewel" is a nickname lovin
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Smith ®. Lamar, Age
NASHVILLE
DALLAS
RICH
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Nashville, Tenn.
under act of March 3, 1S79.
Acceptance of mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Sec
tion 1 103, act of October 3, 1917, and authorized on July 5, 191S.
Published by the Trustees of the Confederate Veteran, Nash
ville, Tenn.
OFFICIALLT REPRE :ENTS :
United Confederate Veterans,
United Daughters of the Confederacy,
Sons of Veterans and Other Organizations,
Confederated Southern Memorial Association.
Though men deserve, they may not win, success;
The brave will honor the brave, vanquished none the less.
'niCE, 51.50 per Tear. I
Iingi-e Copt, 15 Cents, f
Vol. XXIX. NASHVILLE, TENN., MARCH, 1921.
No. 3.
J S. A. CUNNINGHAM,
I Founder.
THE STORM-CRADLED NATION.
Hath not the morning dawned with added light?
And shall not the evening call another star
Out of the infinite regions of the night
To mark this day in heaven? At last we are
A nation among nations, and the world
Shall soon behold in many a distant port
Another flag unfurled. — Henry Timrod.
Sixty years ago, on the 18th of February, the Southern
Confederacy was born — born of a people's determination for
elf-government. The right of that government to exist was
isputed, and so the beautiful structure fell, not from any
ick of courage in its defense, but because in all this world
iere was no other government to recognize the justice of its
ause. Many are living to-day to whom memory brings
isions of the hopes occasioned by the birth of that nation,
ne joys and sorrows of its short existence, the anguish of
:s passing. And its day should not be forgotten.
In observing the sixtieth anniversary of the inauguration
f Jefferson Davis as President of the Southern Confederacy,
le people of Nashville, Tenn., have doubtless been the first
:> hold it of special significance among the days hallowed by
lemory. With an appropriate program of music and prayer
nd an address upon the life and character of Mr. Davis the
udience was stirred in sympathetic appreciation. The ad-
ress was by Rev. George Stoves, one of the leading min-
iters of Nashville, "an American by adoption and a South-
rner by choice," who gave a fine estimate of the character
nd ability of the man who guided the destinies of the Con-
sderacy, such an estimate as would be accorded generally
id people but care to learn more about him. Even our own
eople, alas ! have ascribed to him all the blame for defeat,
'hile knowing little of what he accomplished as the first and
nly President of the Confederacy, and the fame of those
lorious years of service as soldier and statesman before the
:xties seems to have been blotted out entirely.
"How many a spirit, born to bless,
Hath sunk beneath that withering name
Whom but a day's, an hour's success
Had wafted to eternal fame."
There is no parallel in history for such a government as
came into existence in the Senate chamber of the capital of
Alabama on that memorable day of February 18, 1861. There
was none ever so versed from the beginning in the art of
civil government, so resourceful in self-defense, so capable
in the utilization of natural resources. Without money, with-
out an army or a navy, this nation came into being and had
its government in working order at once, its army trained and
equipped, and its forces fighting victoriously in the field
within five months. And its navy, built from the wood of
its forests and the minerals of its soil, swept the seas in many
triumphs.
Well may it be said that its success was largely due to the
noble character placed at its head. Versed in statesmanship
by the years of his service to the government at Washington
and a soldier able to lead his armies, Jefferson Davis was the
great leader of a great cause. And that he failed in the per-
manent establishment of the government of his ideals is no
reflection on his ability. That he had able and willing assist-
ants is true, but his was the master mind to whom they looked
for guidance and his the responsibility when they failed.
And so, contending with the most powerful nation on earth,
with its unlimited wealth and resources and the world to
draw on for its army, the Confederacy battled on through
four years and at last succumbed to the heavy odds, falling
without a stain upon its banner. And its day should not be
forgotten!
"Ah ! we Rebels met defeat
On the gory battle field.
And we flung our muskets down
When our bonnie flag was furled ;
But our right did but retreat
With pure honor for her shield
And with justice for her crown
From the forces of the world.
(For against us thousands came,
Money-bought from every clime ;
But we stood against them all
For the honor of our name
Till the fated day of time
Came but to crown our fall
With a fadeless wreath of fame."
34
Qorjfederat^ l/eterap.
Qoi>federat^ l/eterap.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, Founder.
Office: Methodist Publishing House Building, Nashville, Tenn.
All who approve the principles of this publication and realize its benefits as
an organ for Associations throughout the South are requested to commend
its patronage and to cooperate in extending its circulation. Let each one be
constantly diligent.
THE AVIATOR.
( Kiffin Rockwell, fallen in France.)
He furrowed seas of misty spume.
He rode a surging, velvet lawn.
He rushed across the bridge of doom,
And knocked upon the gates of dawn.
The roaring caverns of the wind
He pierced to their remotest deeps. * * *
They say of him who stayed behind :
"In the red sunset flame he sleeps."
— Vincent Starrclt.
Kifhn Yates Rockwell was the first American citizen to offer
his services to France against the German aggressor in a letter
to the French consul general at New Orleans written August
3, 1914. He enlisted in the French Foreign Legion August
26, 1914, and after being wounded in a bayonet charge north
of Arras on May 9, 1915, transferred to the French air
service. There he quickly won fame as an aviator and had
the unique honor of being the first American aviator to de-
stroy a German aeroplane in aerial combat. After gaining
numerous victories and being decorated with the French mili-
tary medal and Croix de Guerre with three palms, each rep-
resenting a citation in army orders, he was killed in aerial
combat with a German two-seated aeroplane on September
2i, 1916, over Rodern, in reconquered Alsace. He was buried
with full military honors at Luxeuil, Haute Saone, France. .
Kiffin Rockwell was a grandson of the late Capt. Henry
C. Rockwell, of the Slst North Carolina Infantry, Confed-
erate States army. His maternal grandfather, Enoch Shaw
Ayres, of South Carolina, six great-uncles, and numerous
cousins also fought nobly for the Southern cause throughout
the war of secession.
LOSING ITS BIRTHRIGHT.
That the South should again be a distinctive section of this
great country is the feeling of its people who have its wel-
fare above their personal advantage. The effort to com-
mercialize its great resources has brought in people of diverse
sentiment, and many of our own people look to the advance-
ment of their individual interests rather than to the benefit
of their section in a higher way. A word from C. D. Rivers,
of Summerville, Ga., puts this strongly before us : "Our be-
loved South is suffering from a long and serious spiritual
eclipse. We have bartered our independence of spirit and
originality of thought for a mess of pottage, which we have
failed to get. In all the vast and imperial section of the
South there is no such thing as characteristic Southern lit-
erature except in the Veteran — I mean contemporary litera-
ture. But the South needs a literature of its own, and the
world of thought needs to be enriched by what might be pro-
duced in and of the South, which cannot be supplied by the
genius of any other people. Not that the South needs to be
inclosed by a Chinese wall to exclude exotic thought, but
that her people need to live their own lives in harmony with
their own natural environment, only borrowing from the
thought of others what is adapted to a life under warm blue
skies, in towns of broad avenues, surrounded by wide planta-
tions. These are the reasons why I, a son of a Confederate
veteran, love to support your publication and why all others
who wish to make their homes in the South would do well to
support it."
KEEP THE RECORD STRAIGHT.
Robert Young, of Eatonton. Ga.. who served with Company
G, 12th Georgia Regiment, calls attention to an error in the
following :
"On page 63 of the February Veteran Capt. C G. Snead.
writing about the battle of Antietam. uses these words : 'The
battle was a drawn one, and on the following day, under a
flag of truce, both armies buried their dead.' This is an
error. There was no truce. I was present during the whole
affair. The Confederate army under General Lee stood ready
for attack during the whole of the 18th, then retired during
the night.
"A few years ago I read an article in the Internationa!
Encyclopedia, edition of 1898, on Antietam. In that is a
statement to the same effect — viz.. 'In the morning (the 18th)
Lee asked for and was granted a truce to bury the dead, and
while this was going on he retired to the right bank of the
Potomac'
"I wrote immediately to our historian. Col. J. T. Derry, of
Atlanta, Ga., and he assured me that there was no truce at
Antietam. In Cooke's 'Life of Stonewall Jackson' will be
found extracts from prominent Northern newspaper men
writing immediately after the battle and considered good au-
thority on that side who said : 'Lee left very little but some
broken-down wagons and about two thousand unburied dead.'
"In answer to my complaint of error the publishers of the
Encyclopedia replied that the 'later editions do not contain
that statement," w : hich means, reading between the lines, that
they acknowledged they had been misinformed. It is probable
that Captain Snead had read the edition of 1898 and supposed
it was correct.
"Imagine General Lee's retiring his army from a battle field
while, under a flag of truce, both sides are burying their dead!
" 'Keep the record straight.' "
It
-
-
REST IX G FOR A LITTLE WHILE.
Capt. William L. Ritter. of Reisterstown. Md., writes 'that
he has retired from business on account of trouble with his
eyes, but after a short rest he intends to do some more writ-
ing on his war reminiscences. His active business life ex-
tended into his eighty-sixth year, and during the twenty-eight
years he had been with the Clendennin Brothers in Baltimore
he had lost but a few days by illness. He is one of the
youngest veterans of the Confederacy in looks and physical
stamina, and he is the last surviving commander of a Mary-
land unit during the War between the States. He is well
known to the Veteran's readers as captain in the famous
3d Maryland Battery and the only Maryland organization
to serve in the Western Army. And they did some fighting
too, as he has shown in his interesting articles. The only
other survivor of his command is Baldwin Bradford, who
lives in New York.
Captain Ritter is Secretary of the Society of the Army and
Navy of the Confederate States in Maryland, also known as
the Maryland Line Society. He is a native of Carroll County.
...
:
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
§5
BELOVED DAUGHTER OF THE SOUTH.
The death of Miss Nannie Randolph Heth occasioned wide
,.rrovv. for she was one of the most beloved of the Southern
omen of Washington, D. C. Her entire life had been de-
MISS NANNIE RANDOLPH HETH,
Wearing the famous Martha Washington diamonds.
oted to patriotic and charitable work, and she was loved
y all who knew her for her gentle nature, loving heart, and
er ever-ready willingness to assist in any worthy cause for
he unfortunate and needy.
Miss Heth was a descendant of pioneer families of Vir-
inia. Her mother was Miss Harriet Selden, and her father
vas Gen. Harry Heth, a distinguished Confederate soldier
nd a member of the old Heth family of "Black Heth," of
"hesterfield County. She was born on the Norwood estate,
n Powhatan County, and her early days were spent in the
eautiful home on the James River. Since finishing her edu-
ation at Miss Gordon's school in Richmond, she had lived
11 Washington, and it was in that city that her patriotic
.ctivity found its special held through membership in the
daughters of the Confederacy, the Southern Society, Colonial
James, and Daughters of the American Revolution. She was
'resident of the Southern Relief Society for eighteen years.
["his society was organized by her mother thirty years ago.
ind it was through the efforts of Miss Heth that the South-
rn Relief Home was established to care for destitute South-
erners in Washington.
At the San Francisco Exposition in 1915 Miss Heth was
he gracious hostess of the Virginia building, known as the
ilount Vernon Building.
After the funeral in Washington this loyal daughter of
he South was laid to rest in Hollywood Cemetery, at Rich-
nond. attended by delegations from Confederate Camps and
Chapters of Richmond and Washington and trustees of the
Southern Relief Society, while the active pallbearers were
members of the Camp of Sons of Confederate Veterans of
Washington.
Thus has a noble life passed from earth, leaving a mem-
ory of good and kindlv deeds.
GENERAL LEE'S STAFF— LAST SURVIVOR.
At the time of the surrender the following were serving on
the staff of Gen. R. E. Lee, of whom only one is novf living :
Lieut. Col. W. H. Taylor, assistant adjutant general, who was
chief of staff and was with the General from the beginning
to the end of the war; Lieut. Col. R. G. Cole, chief commis-
sary and quartermaster from June. 1862; Lieut. Col. C, S.
Venable, A. D. C. from July, 1863; Brig. Gen. W. H. Stevens,
chief of engineers during the siege of Petersburg; Lieut. Col.
Charles Marshall, A. D. C. from August, 1862; Lieut. Col. J.
R. Corky, chief quartermaster from June, 1862 ; Lieut. Col. B.
C. Baldwin, chief of ordnance from November, 1862; Sur-
geon Lafayette Guild, medical director from November, 1862:
Maj. H. E. Young, judge advocate general from July, 1863;
Brig. Gen. W. N. Pendleton, chief of artillery from March.
1863: Lieut. Col. H. E. Peyton, inspector general from No-
vember, 1863; Maj. Giles B. Cooke, assistant inspector gen-
eral from September, 1864.
Colonel Taylor wrote two books on General Lee's cam-
paigns. He died in Norfolk, Va., on the 1st of March, 1916,
one of the most highly honored citizens of Virginia.
Colonel Cole, the chief commissary, returned to Georgia
and lived for some years; date of death unknown to the
writer.
Colonel Venable occupied the chair of mathematics at the
University of Virginia some years before his death.
General Stevens, chief of engineers, died at Washington
several years after the surrender.
Colonel Marshall, a grandson of Chief Justice Marshall,
practiced law in Baltimore many years before his death.
Colonel Corley, chief quartermaster, died in Hampton, Va.,
soon after the surrender.
Colonel Baldwin, chief of ordnance, became superintendent
of public schools in Texas and died in 1908.
Surgeon Lafayette Guild, medical director, practiced medi-
cine in his native State until his death.
Major Young, judge advocate general, practiced law in
Charleston, S. C, until his death, in 1918.
Brigadier General Pendleton, chief of artillery, returned to
the rectorship of Grace Church. Lexington, Va., and survived
General Lee, one of his vestrymen, by a few years.
Colonel Peyton, inspector general, was for a time clerk of
the United States Senate, and died several 3'ears ago at his
home, in Leesburg, Va.
Major Cooke, assistant inspector general, the only surviving
member of the staff, is now living as a retired minister of
the Protestant Episcopal Church, aged eighty-two years the
13th of May. 1920, at Mathews C. H. Va.. having been a
preacher of the gospel for about fifty years.
A group picture of General Lee, with these twelve staff
officers forming a "military medallion," was published soon
after the war, and a copy of this appeared in the Veteran
for October, 1908.
Major Cooke also furnishes a list of the other members of
General Lee's staff from 1861 to 1S65: Lieut. Col. E. P.
Alexander, chief of ordnance from November, 1862, to June.
1863: Lieut. Col. John M. Brooke, Virginia navy, acting
86
Qoijfederat^ l/eterai).
A. D. C. ; Col. R. W. Chilton, assistant adjutant general;
Maj. Gen. Joseph H. Crenshaw, acting commissary general;
Maj. George Deas. assistant adjutant general and chief of
staff; Col. R. S. Garnett, assistant adjutant general; Lieut.
Col. William G. Gill, P. A. C. S., ordnance officer; Lieut.
Col. Edwin J. Harris, inspector general; Lieut. Col. Henry
Heth, acting quartermaster, etc. ; Capt. Joseph C. Ives, C. S.
A., chief engineer; Capt. S. K. Johnson, engineer officer; Col.
George W. Lay, assistant adjutant general; Brig. Gen. Armi-
stead L. Long, military secretary, etc. ; Col. Joseph Manigault.
A. D. C. ; Capt. A. P. Mason, assistant adjutant general;
Lieut. Col. E. Murray, assistant adjutant general; Lieut.
Thomas J. Page, Virginia navy, acting A. D. C. ; Capt. W.
H. Richardson, assistant adjutant general; Capt. F. W. Smith,
military secretary; Lieut. Col. William Preston Smith, chief
of engineers; Maj. T. M. R. Talcott, A. D. C. ; Capt. John A.
Washington, A. D. C. ; Capt. Thornton A. Washington, as-
sistant adjutant general
Adding this list to the twelve who surrendered with him,
it is seen that General Lee had thirty-five staff officers from
first to last, of whom there is now but one surviving.
A CONFEDERATE IN SOUTH AMERICA.
[The following comes from Joseph Long Minchin, a resi-
dent of Nova Odessa, Brazil, South America, one of the
Confederate soldiers who went to Brazil soon after the war
and founded an American colony there. Doubtless he would
be glad to hear from any of his surviving comrades in this
country. His daughter is Mrs. T. W. Boone, of Spring
Creek, Tex]
I was born on January 16, 1841, near Thomasville, Ga. My
father was a Baptist preacher and moved to West Florida
when I was quite young. I attended the "old field" schools
and worked on the farm until the War between the States
broke out. Going out as a volunteer, I served the first year
on the Florida coast, St. Vincent's Island, and Fernandina.
From there we were ordered to Tennessee in the 4th Florida
Regiment, Finley's Brigade, Breckinridge's Division, Har-
dee's Corps, Army of Tennessee. I was in the three days'
bloody work at Chickamauga, New Hope Church, Jackson,
Miss., on advanced line around Chattanooga, where only five
of the company I was in escaped, and I was in many other
engagements. For a short time I served as orderly sergeant
of a company to guard the prisoners at Andersonville, where
I daily saw Major Wirz. who was unjustly executed after the
war. I was in Macon, Ga., catching up deserters in the lower
part of the State, a dangerous business. Then the end was
near. Lee had surrendered, and Macon had to follow suit.
I was captured and paroled, and I am still a paroled prisoner,
as I have never been exchanged.
On March 15, 1866, I was married to Miss Julia Antionette
Pyles, who was born near Macon in 1849. Conditions in the
South were so desolate and disagreeable that the 24th day of
June, 1867, found us landing in Xiririca, Brazil, S. A. Aft r
seven years I returned to the States to see my mother. After
my return to South America I planned to take my family
back home, but disasters, one after another, kept me from
going.
For fifteen or twenty years I was employed on Fazendas
de Cafo (coffee plantation) as overseer or foreman (adminis-
trador). We reared a family of eight children, four boys
and four girls. All of the children live in Brazil except one
daughter in Texas. My beloved companion has passed on
years ago, and now I am old and feeble. My farm of nine
hundred acres is about fifteen minutes' drive to a station.
From a window in my bedroom I can see trains coming and
going day and night. We make a good living raising hogs,
corn, rice, watermelons, potatoes, mandioca, etc.
I should like to visit my native land, but am too old and
feeble and do not think I could stand the climate there now.
HOSPITAL WORK IN THE SIXTIES.
The accompanying picture of J. E. Hanna and Athalinda I
Robeson was taken soon after their marriage in Chesterfield.
S. C, in 1855. After serving in the War between the States
from 1861 to the fall of 1864, when his health failed, young
Hanna was put in charge of the hospital at Augusta, Ga.,
where his wife, with
her seamstress, had
been sewing for the
Confederate soldiers,
making forty coats
every two weeks.
When the hospital
was moved to Madi-
son, Ga., she was
made chief nurse, and
valuable services were
rendered her by her
two little girls, Dollii
and Mollie, both of
whom were eager to
brush away the flies
or hand water and
otherwise relieve the
sufferings of the liv-
ing, and they fol-
lower! .»v»rv poor fel-
low to his last resting place, carrying flowers and shedding
tears for them. It was Airs. Hanna who wrote the letter of
sympathy to absent loved ones, inclosing a lock of hair with
the last loving words.
Dollie is now Mrs. D. J. Browning, of Lakeland, Fla.
Mollie is Mrs. W. P. Meyer, of Jasper, Fla. Both would be
glad to hear from any soldier who was in that hospital. Mrs.
Hanna passed away in 1920 at the home of another daughter.
Mrs. Annie H. Darracote, of Lakeland, with whom she made
her home.
:;■-' .'. f "':-■'
(& '
ka>.
J
MR. AXD MRS. J. E. HANNA.
THE NEW SURGEON GENERAL U. C. V.
Dr. James D. Osborne, of Cleburne, Tex., the newly ap-
pointed Surgeon General U. C. V., is one of the leading phy-
sicians of Texas, at one time President of the Texas State
Medical Association. Though but a boy when in the Con-
federate army, he was a gallant cavalryman and was severely
wounded in the terrible battle of Franklin, but was fortunate
enough to get away with Hood's shattered battalions. His
father, the late Dr. Thomas Crutcher Osborne, was a Ten-
nesseean by birth and began his practice in this State in 1840:
but after some years he removed to Alabama, later to Louisi-
ana, and finally to Texas. He became eminent in his pro-
fession, serving as president of different medical societies in
those States, and contributing able and valuable papers to
medical organizations and periodicals of his day. One of
the most important and valuable of his practices was the ex-
ternal application of bichloride of mercury solution in the
treatment of smallpox.
Qoi>federat^ l/eterai).
87
After three successive terms as Surgeon General, Dr. Deer-
ng J. Roberts, of Nashville, Tenn., relinquished the office on
■ he plea of fourscore years and impaired health and feeling
hat others should have the honor. This appointment of Dr.
Dsborne is a recognition of the distinguished services to man-
rind of both father and son, and it is also a tribute to the
;reat State of Texas and the wonderful hospitality extended
o the Confederate veterans in their Reunion at Houston in
1920.
1 INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT DAVIS.
3 Gentlemen of the Congress of the Confederate States of
America, Friends, and Fellow Citizens: Called to the difficult
;ind responsible station of chief executive of the provisional
.government which you have instituted, I approach the dis-
charge of the duties assigned to me with a humble distrust
tof my abilities, but with a sustaining confidence in the wisdom
oi those who are to guide and aid me in the administration
,}f public affairs and an abiding faith in the virtue and patri-
otism of the people.
j Looking forward to the speedy establishment of a perma-
nent government to take the place of this and which by its
greater moral and physical power will be better able to com-
■bat with the many difficulties which arise from the conflicting
interests of separate nations, I enter upon the duties of the
office to which I have been chosen with the hope that the be-
ginning of our career as a Confederacy may not be obstructed
■ by hostile opposition to our enjoyment of the separate ex-
istence and independence which we have asserted and, with
,the blessing of Providence, intend to maintain. Our present
.condition, achieved in a manner unprecedented in the history
-of nations, illustrates the American idea that governments
jrest upon the consent of the governed, and that it is the right
of the people to alter or abolish governments whenever they
.become destructive of the ends for which they were estab-
lished.
The declared purpose of the compact of union from which
we have withdrawn was "to establish justice, insure domestic
tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the gen-
eral welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves
and posterity": and when, in the judgment of the sovereign
States now composing this Confederacy, it had been per-
verted from the purpose for which it was ordained and had
ceased to answer the ends for which it was established, a
peaceful appeal to the ballot box declared that, so far as they
were concerned, the government created by that compact
should cease to exist. In this they merely asserted a right
which the Declaration of Independence of 1776 had defined
to be inalienable. Of the time and occasion for its exercise,
they as sovereigns were the final judges, each for itself. The
impartial and enlightened verdict of mankind will vindicate
the rectitude of our conduct, and He who knows the hearts
of men will judge of the sincerity with which we labored to
preserve the government of our fathers in its spirit. The
right solemnly proclaimed at the birth of the States and whicli
has been affirmed and reaffirmed in the bills of rights of
States subsequently admitted into the Union of 1789 unde-
niably recognizes in the people the power to resume the au-
thority delegated for the purposes of government. Thus the
sovereign States here represented proceeded to form this Con-
federacy, and it is by abuse of language that their act has
been denominated a revolution. They formed a new alliance,
but within each State its government has remained, and the
rights of person and property have not been disturbed. The
agent through whom they communicated' with foreign na-
tions is changed, but this does not necessarily interrupt their
international relations.
Sustained by the consciousness that the transition from the
former Union to the present Confederacy has not proceeded
from a disregard on our part of just obligations or any fail-
ure to perform any constitutional duty; moved by no interest
or passion to invade the rights of others; anxious to culti-
vate peace and commerce with all nations, if we may not:
hope to avoid war, we may at least expect that posterity will
acquit us of having needlessly engaged in it. Doubly justi-
fied by the absence of wrong on our part and by wantora
aggression on the part of others, there can be no cause to-
doubt that the courage and patriotism of the people of the-
Confederate States will be found equal to any measures of
defense which honor and security may require.
An agricultural people whose chief interest is the export 1
of a commodity required in every manufacturing country, our
true policy is peace and the freest trade which our necessi-
ties will permit. It is alike our interest and that of all those-
to whom we would sell and from whom we would buy that
there should be the fewest practicable restrictions upon the
interchange of commodities. There can be but little rivalry
between ours and any manufacturing or navigating com-
munity, such as the Northeastern States of the American)
Union. It must follow, therefore, that a mutual interest
would invite good will and kind offices. If, however, pas-
sion or the lust of dominion should cloud the judgment or
inflame the ambition of those States, we must prepare to.
meet the emergency and to maintain by the final arbitrament
of the sword the position which we have assumed among the-
nations of the earth. We have entered upon the career of
independence, and it must be inflexibly pursued. Through,
many years of controversy with our late associates, the
Northern States, we have vainly endeavored to secure tran-
quility and to obtain respect for the rights to which we art
entitled. As a necessity, not a choice, we have resorted to tht
remedy of separation ; and hencefortli our energies must be
directed to the conduct of our own affairs and the perpetuity
of the Confederacy which we have formed. If a just per-
ception of mutual interest shall permit us peaceably to pursue
our separate political career, my most earnest desire will have
been fulfilled; but if this be denied to us and the integrity of
our territory and jurisdiction be assailed, it will but remain
for us with firm resolve to appeal to arms and invoke the
blessings of Providence on a just cause.
As a consequence of our new condition and with a view to
meet anticipated wants, it will be necessary to provide for
the speedy and efficient organization of branches of the Ex-
ecutive Department having special charge of foreign inter-
course, finance, military affairs, and the postal service.
For purposes of defense the Confederate States may, under
ordinary circumstances, rely mainly upon the militia ; but it
is deemed advisable in the present condition of affairs thai
there should be a well-instructed and disciplined army, more-
numerous than would usually be required on a peace estab-
lishment. I also suggest that for the protection of our har-
bors and commerce on the high seas a navy adapted to those
objects will be required. These necessities have doubtless
engaged the attention of Congress.
With a constitution differing only from that of our fathers,
in so far as it is explanatory of their well-known intent, freed
from the sectional conflicts which have interfered with the
pursuit of the general welfare, it is not unreasonable to ex-
pect that States from which we have recently parted may seek
88
^ogfederafc^ l/eterap.
to unite their fortunes with ours under the government which
we have instituted. For this your Constitution makes adequate
provision: but beyond this, if I mistake not the judgment and
will of the people, a reunion with the States from which we
have separated is neither practicable nor desirable. To increase
the power, develop the resources, and promote the happiness
of the Confederacy, it is requisite that there should be so
much homogeneity that the welfare of every portion shall be
the aim of the whole. Where this does not exist, antagonisms
are engendered which must and should result in separation.
Actuated solely by the desire to preserve our own rights
and promote our own welfare, the separation of the Confed-
erate States has been marked by no aggression upon others
and followed by no domestic convulsion. Our industrial pur-
suits have received no check; the cultivation of our fields has
progressed as heretofore: and even should we be involved in
war. there would be no considerable diminution in the produc-
tion of the staples which have constituted our exports and
in which the commercial world has an interest scarcely less
than our own. This common interest of the producer and
consumer can only be interrupted by an exterior force which
should obstruct its transmission to foreign markets, a course
of conduct which would be as unjust toward us as it would
be detrimental to manufacturing and commercial interests
abroad. Should reason guide the action of the government
from which we have separated, a policy so detrimental to the
civilized world, the Northern States included, could not be
dictated by even the strongest desire to inflict injury upon
us ; but if otherwise, a terrible responsibility will rest upon
it, and the suffering of millions will bear testimony to the
folly and wickedness of our aggressors. In the meantime
there will remain to us, besides the ordinary means before
suggested, the well-known resources for retaliation upon the
commerce of the enemy.
Experience in public stations of subordinate grades to this
which your kindness has conferred has taught me that care
and toil and disappointments are the price of official eleva-
tion. You will see many errors to forgive, many deficiencies
to tolerate : but you shall not find in me either a want of zeal
or fidelity to the cause that is to me highest in hope and of
most enduring affection. Your generosity has bestowed upon
me an undeserved distinction, one which I neither sought nor
desired. Upon the continuance of that sentiment and upon
your wisdom and patriotism I rely to direct and support me in
the performance of the duty required at my hands.
We have changed the constituent parts but not the system
of our government. The Constitution formed by our fathers
is that of these Confederate States in their exposition of it.
and in the judicial construction it has received we have a
light which reveals its true meaning.
Thus instructed as to the just interpretation of the instru-
ment, and ever remembering that all offices are but trusts
held for the people and that delegated powers are to be
strictly construed. I will hope by due diligence in the per-
formance of my duties, though I may disappoint your ex-
pectations, yet to retain when retiring something of the good
will and confidence which welcomed my entrance into office.
It is joyous in the midst of perilous times to look around
upon a people united in heart, where one purpose of high re-
solve animates and actuates the whole, where the sacrifices
to be made are not weighed in the balance against honor and
right and liberty and equality. Obstacles may retard — they
cannot long prevent — the progress of a movement sanctified
by its justice and sustained by a virtuous people. Reverently
let u~ invoke the God of our fathers to guide and protect
us in our efforts to perpetuate the principles which by his
blessing they were able to vindicate, establish, and transmit
to their posterity, and with a continuance of his favor, ever
gratefully acknowledged, we may hopefully look forward to
success, to peace, and to prosperity.
UNANIMITY OF THE CHOICE OF MR. DAVIS.
BY MRS. M. H. HOUSTON', MERIDIAN, MISS.
Hon. Porcher Miles, of Virginia, writes as follows : "I
think there was no question that Mr. Davis was the choice of
our delegation and of the whole people of the South."
Hon. James Chestnut, of South Carolina, gives this : "Pos-
sessing a combination of those high and needful qualities, he
was regarded by nearly the whole South as the fittest man
for the position."
From the Hon. Duncan F. Kenner, of Louisiana : "The gen-
eral inclination was strongly in favor r.t Mr. Davis. No
other name was mentioned. We, the Louisiana delegation,
without hesitation and unanimously, after a very short ses-
sion, decided in favor of Mr. Davis. He was never announced
as a candidate. We were seeking the best man to fill the
position. In no sense did we consider Mr. Davis as extreme,
either in his views or his policies."
The Hon. Alexander M. Clayton, member of the Confeder-
ate Provisional Congress from Mississippi, writes : "Believing
that Mr. Davis was the choice of the South for the position
of President, before repairing to Montgomery I addressed him
a letter to ascertain if he would accept it. He replied that if
he could have his choice he would greatly prefer to be in
active service as commander in chief of the army, but that
he would give himself to the cause in any capacity whatever.
There was no electioneering, no management on the part of
any one. By a law as fixed as gravitation itself and as little
disturbed by outside influences the minds of the members
centered upon Mr. Davis. I always thought that the election I
arose from the spontaneous conviction of his peculiar fitness."
We now quote from the great memorial speech on the
death of our chief by Senator Daniels, of Virginia : "It was
fortunate for the South, for America, and for humanity that
at the head of the South in war was a true type of her honor,
character, and history a man whose clear rectitude preserved
every complication from the implication of bad faith, a com-
mander whose moderation and firmness could restrain and
whose lofty passion and courage could inspire. Had a man
less sober-minded and less strong than he been in his place,
the Confederacy would not only have gone down in material
ruin : it would have been buried in disgrace. Blame Jeffer-
son Davis for this or that : discount all that critics say, and
then behold the mighty feat which created and for four
years maintained a nation : behold how armies without a
nucleus were marshaled and armed : how a navy, small in-
deed, but one that revolutionized the naval warfare of all
nations and became the terror of the seas, was fashioned out
of old hulks or picked up in foreign places : see how a world
in arms was held at bay by a people and a soldiery whom he
held together with an iron will and hurled like a flaming
thunderbolt at their foes. That President Davis made mis-
takes I do not doubt, but the percentage of mistakes was so
small in the sum of his administration and its achievements
so transcended all proportions of means and opportunities
that mankind will never cease to wonder at their magnitude
and splendor."
The following taken from the tribute of Rev. Dr. S. A.
Qo^federat^ l/eterai?.
89
joodwin in Richmond, Va., shows recognition of the ability
-if Mr. Davis to fill the position to which he had been elected:
''Mr. Davis was a statesman. The consummate skill with
which he guided the infant Confederacy through the storms
:hat rocked it and the hidden foes that threatened it is not
eclipsed by the prudence of Pitt nor the policy of Napoleon.
Few fully appreciate the difficulties that environed him. He
was placed at the head of a people thrown without prepara-
:ion into the midst of the mightiest conflict of the ages ;
:hey were without government, without soldiers, without
"irms, without any of the munitions of war; but his genius
supplied every difficulty and met every want. He created as
if by magic the most splendid army that ever marched to
Victory and supplied it with the ablest commanders of the
ige. That his hand sometimes slipped in guiding the intri-
:ate and delicate machinery of a government throbbing with
oassion and heated with war no one will deny; he would
"nave been more than man not to have made mistakes. The
Confederacy did not fail for lack of statesmanship in him,
jut because success in the conditions which environed it was
"iot possible. But the calmness which he displayed in the
midst of storm, the firmness which he evinced in the midst
'of trepidation, and the immense resources which he supplied
in the midst of destitution, combined with his comprehensive
knowledge of government, demonstrate him to be a states-
man in whom was combined the acuteness of Pitt and the
Executive power of Napoleon. Perhaps no man of this age
lossesses his genius combined with his versatility of talent.
: His knowledge of government was profound and his ac-
quaintance with science and literature comprehensive and ac-
curate. As a chaste and elegant writer of English he was
'without a rival among American statesmen. As an orator
Hie was eloquent, logical, passionate, powerful. * * * As a
■soldier his gallant charge at Monterey, his skill and strategy
' J it Buena Vista, the improvements which he effected in the
organization and equipment of the army while Secretary of
War — all demonstrate that he was a soldier of the highest
type. Trained for the army, he desired to serve the South
3 in the field; but the people with one accord called him to the
presidency of the Confederacy, and he yielded his wishes to
'the judgment of his compatriots. Had it been otherwise, he
might have won a name that would have shone with equal
splendor with that of Lee or else have hidden it from the
"shafts of calumny in the grave like Stuart and Jackson and
Johnston. But the crowning glory of Mr. Davis was his
"stainless purity and sincere piety."
From Col. D. G. Mcintosh, of Maryland: "As President of
-the Confederacy Mr. Davis was called upon for the exercise
'of every quality which properly belongs to the statesman in
':he cabinet or the military chieftain in the field. The requisi-
tions upon him were undoubtedly large, probably more than
mortal man could respond to ; he alone knew the extent of
the difficulties which beset him. No one could feel as he did
the responsibility of the vast interests at home and abroad
:ommitted principally to his keeping. Armies had to be raised
and fed and clothed and equipped with all the munitions of
war. Diplomatic agents had to be appointed and instructed
■and delicate negotiations attempted with the leading powers
abroad. At home jealousies had to be appeased and conflict-
ng interests reconciled, while ever and at all times, was the
:onstantly recurring problem, how out of the poverty of the
'esources in reach to meet the exigencies of each passing day.
Personal opposition, of course, he encountered ; personal
mmities he could not do otherwise than arouse, but his in-
' :repid spirit never faltered. Conscious of his own integrity,
supremely self-reliant in the motives and public policy upon
which his conduct was based, he kept on unflinchingly to the
end. No disaster could appall him. When his troops met
with reverses in the field, he issued those wonderful addresses,
charged with fiery eloquence, which, ringing like the tones of
a trumpet, revived their drooping spirits and incited them
afresh to deeds of valor. When the end came, he was stilf
undaunted."
Northern newspaper comment on Mr. Davis at the time
of his death exhibited more or less bitterness, even though
nearly a quarter of a century had passed since the passing
of the Confederacy. The following were of those sharing
an appreciation of his ability :
From Pomeroy's Advance Thought, New York: "God pity
the narrow-minded soul that squeaks out its dirty bitter-
ness because the people of the South love the memory of Jef-
ferson Davis. He was always an honest man, a friend of
his people regardless of the menaces and intolerance of those
who were not friendly to the South. He never used his
principles as a net in which to catch fish for market. He
was not the inventor of the idea that a man need not love a
government that he could not love or a people who believe
that a political administration has the right to punish people
for not loving narrow-minded persons who hate them. Jef-
ferson Davis came into the world as others come. He loved
the people of the State and localities whose people he knew
and whose menaced interests he sought to protect. Through
all the shocks and years of shocking wars and all the whirl-
pools of hate over which his life ran he lived out God's ap-
pointed time as Daniel lived in the den of lions that growled,
but were not permitted to lay claws upon him or to touch
him with their teeth. Wise men are satisfied with the gen-
eral result of the war in its liberation of slaves and its restora-
tion of the country. Jefferson Davis did as he thought to be
right ; therefore he deserves honor. He was true to his love
for all that portion of the country that did not propose to
tramp with iron heel upon the other portion. He believed
that statesmanship should supersede the sword and that reason
is more honorable than rage, fanaticism, and passion, heated
by desire to plunder and confiscate. He has passed on to
spirit life, and the South loves his memory as it should love
it and as the people of every patriotic country should and
ever will respect it. Were the people of the South to forget
him or to fail to honor the mah who endured so patiently for
their sake, they in turn would deserve none of the respect or
place in the minds of men who had manhood. The cause
which lie was chosen to lead failed through the errors of
those who planned it and the numerical power, but not a
superior bravery, of those who contended against it to final
victory. The North has enough to be proud of — and enough
to be ashamed of — without sullying its reputation for great-
ness by hurling cowardly venom upon an honest man in his
memory and upon those who admire honesty, bravery, and
devotion to best friends. Jefferson Davis will live longer
in history and better than will any who have ever spoken
against him."
Contrasting Jefferson Davis with the war President of the
Union, the New York Herald said : "In the essential elements
of statesmanship Davis will be judged as the rival and
parallel of Lincoln. When the two men came face to face as
leaders of two mighty forces, bitter was Northern sorrow-
that Providence had given the South so ripe and rare a
leader and the North an uncouth advocate from the woods."
//
90
Qoi)federat? Ueteraij.
ON THE RETREAT FROM CHARLESTON.
BY R. DE T. LAWRENCE, MARIETTA, GA.
With the order to evacuate Charleston, necessitated by the
advance of Sherman, the different stations of the signal corps
were called in. Going to headquarters in the night and find-
ing that all had left, there was nothing to do but to overtake
the corps, which I did the next morning near the old Goose
Creek Church, a church built when the attempt was made to
found a town a few miles north of the site afterwards
selected for the city of Charleston. The English royal em-
"blem was then, and no doubt still is. shown on the wall above
die altar. In passing through the deserted streets in the dead
of night the stillness was broken only by the occasional burst-
ing of a shell fired from Morris Island as it passed through
some dwelling abandoned by its occupants, who had fled to
the upper part of the State or moved to that portion of the
■city beyond the range of the Parrot guns. As the signal
corps was the last to leave Morris Island, the atmosphere no
longer disturbed by even the hum of human voices, there
seemed a weird stillness in the air ; so in passing through the
•quiet streets of the city in the calm of the night there was the
•sense of utter solitude.
In leaving Charleston I had hung over my shoulder, in ad-
dition to a blanket, a pair of new army boots, gotten under
the following circumstances : My classmate and comrade, W.
A. Clark, now and for many years President of the Carolina
National Bank, told me of a shoemaker who for $90 would
-make a pair of boots if the upper leather was furnished. So
from a kipskin costing $100 was cut for the boots a part we
estimated at $60, Mr. Clark taking what was left for $40, the
boots thus costing $150. Unfortunately, they were too tight
for me. Finding that they would fit Lieutenant Memminger,
son of the Confederate Treasurer, and that the boots he had
on fitted me. I proposed a swap of some kind. This he de-
clined. The next day I told him he was treating me badly,
as he knew I could not wear the boots and he could, and I
was unable to carry them indefinitely. To this he replied that
he could not pay the value of the boots, which were worth
.$700 in Charleston, but would give me for them $300 and the
boots he had on, which offer I very gladly accepted, as it
Save me a very comfortable article of foot wear, with, as I
felt at the time, "money to burn." What became of the $300
I can at this date give no account, as there was too much of
interest in other directions to give thought to the then so
--mall a matter as money.
In order that movements of the enemy might be observed
.and reported, the signal corps were the last to leave their
stations on the evacuation of Charleston, so the battle of
Averyboro had been fought shortly after we reached the
neighborhood. In this battle Lieut. Col. Robert de Treville
was killed. Early in the war the then lieutenant colonel killed
the colonel of his regiment in a duel and thereupon became
colonel and Major de Treville became lieutenant colonel. The
former afterwards challenged the latter, who declined to ac-
cept the challenge partly upon religious grounds and also
upon having a wife and two children entirely dependent upon
him. Denounced at the time as a coward, Lieutenant Colonel
de Treville's reputation was vindicated and his moral cour-
age applauded when, in the absence of the colonel, he led his
regiment in battle and was killed. It was at first reported
that the colonel had deserted to the enemy, but, to his credit,
it was subsequently shown that he was captured while recon-
noitering, and his courteous treatment by General Sherman
-was due to his well-dressed appearance, unusual in a Con-
federate colonel, and to his commanding one of the few regu
lar regiments of the Confederate States.
While the signal corps was not disbanded and had one man
killed in an affray with the enemy on the retreat, still I
wanted to have a more active participation in the struggle,
and, without getting a transfer, I joined a company of the
5th South Carolina Cavalry of General Logan's brigade.
Gen. T. M. Logan had the distinction of being the youngest
general in the service, though the statement has been made
that another brigadier general was due this honor. General
Logan and Col, Aleck Haskell were competitors at college
for first honor. After much consultation between the pro-
fessors Mr. Logan was given first honor and Mr. Haskell
second honor. So too, it was reported, they were both named
for promotion to a brigadier generalship, and after much
discussion Colonel Logan was given the place. Col. Aleck
Haskell in a combat with two Federals received a severe saber
cut on the side of his head and was left as dead. Reviving,
he lived for many years after, and he and his brother. Col.
John Haskell, were potent factors in ridding South Carolina
of the carpetbaggers.
The regiment of which I was now a member performed tht
duties usual on the skirmish line, in checking the advance
guards of the enemy while slowly falling back. We noticed
an increased daring and boldness on the part of the Federals.
On one occasion we were fired on from three directions. A
light piece of artillery had evidently been hurried forward on
a road paralleling the one we were on and placed directly
between us and Raleigh. There was nothing for us to do
to avoid capture but to follow a trail through the woods that
led to the main road, which we knew had been taken by the
army. Satisfied that the army had passed, and going back
a short distance in the woods to see whether or not we were
pursued and seeing no trace of the enemy, we went on slowly
toward Raleigh. The next day we were surprised to hear it
reported that we had acted cowardly in leaving a squad asleep
on the opposite side of the road from where we had emerged
from the woods.
Two or three years after, while stopping over on Sunday
at Winona, Miss., a traveling man, also stopping over there,
a member of the squad which, to their credit, drove off the
attacking party and regained their horses and guns, men-
tioned the charge against the regiment. I assured him that
we had not only satisfied ourselves that none of the enemy
were in the immediate vicinity, but that we saw nothing to
indicate the presence of a man or horse in the neighborhood.
due no doubt to our attention being directed altogether in
the direction in which the enemy might be expected.
That night one of our scouts reported that General Lee had
surrendered. We ridiculed the report, but he said General
Johnston believed it and that there was great rejoicing in the
Federal army over it. When the report was corroborated
later, we found the explanation of the increased activity and
daring of the Yanks.
On one occasion during the retreat our sympathies were
aroused by the frantic pleadings of some women refugees
who begged us for protection. We could only urge them to
go at once into the house to escape danger from the Minie
balls, which were then flying about us from the enemy's
advanced sharpshooters.
Arriving at Greensboro, N. C, we learned definitely of
General Lee's surrender. With my parole, I started on the
five-hundred-mile trip to Talbotton. Ga., to which town my
father's family had refugeed upon General Johnston's falling
back from Kenesaw Mountain. For the expenses of this trip
Qopfederat^ Ueterai).
9 1
had $2.35 in silver, $1.10 received on my own account ard
1.25 on account of my older brother, who had been in a
ospital at Charlotte, N. C.
THE ANDERSONVILLE PRISON PARK.
i
BY JOHN GRATZ, U. S. A.. CAMP BENNING, GA.
' Situated in Southern Georgia, among the cotton fields and
"oiling hills with which this country abounds, is a locality
: ttle known to our present generation ; but during the days
f 1S61-65 its name was upon the lips of all, from one end
c f the country to the other. The mention of this place
rought unspeakable dread to the Federal soldier, for it was
' -hispered about that life here was anything but paradise to
le wearers of the blue. This was the famous Andersonville
''rison, now a government park.
Having read much about this famous old prison, one of
;ie largest of the Confederate military prisons, within whose
>g walls during its brief existence something like fifty-two
tousand captured soldiers of the Federal arm}' were confined,
decided to visit the place. One would judge that a place so
xtensively known and over whose existence so much bitter-
ess has existed would be comparatively easy to locate ; but,
lthough I made numerous inquiries, I was unable to find any
ne who knew its location and was forced to find the place
ar myself.
' After a tiresome journey on a jerk-water train of mixed
reight cars, with a lone passenger coach trailing on the rear,
arrived at Americus, and at this point boarded a train which
umped me off, after a ride of ten miles, at the station of
..ndersonville, a small place of a little over a dozen houses.
Yhile glancing about, wondering in which direction I should
roceed, my gaze fell upon a large granite shaft situated on
'■ slight rise some hundred yards or more from the depot,
'his was the monument erected by the United Daughters of
'^ie Confederacy, Georgia Chapter, to the memory of Captain
i r irz, commander of the Andersonville Prison. Glancing
,ver the inscriptions upon its smooth, polished surface, I saw
. tat the monument had been erected because of the misstate-
lents and bitterness exhibited toward this officer by inscrip-
r ons at the prison park, which would have history paint him
s a fiend incarnate. Truly suffering and misery prevailed at
. le prison, but this could not be attributed to Captain Wirz,
ho was unable to prevent it with the very meager resources
It his command. His execution by the Federal government
. as due to the bitter determination of certain Federal officials
lat some one should be the victim for the misery that the
nsoners had suffered.
: I turned from the shaft and made inquiry of a lounging
,:racker" on the station platform as to how to reach the park,
riding that I would be compelled to walk the distance. A
gnboard directed me "To the National Cemetery." I was
nder the impression that the cemetery occupied the site of
ie prison itself, but found that such was not the case, for
,ie prison, now a government park, lies to the west about a
ile distant. I walked through the cemetery, where some
5,000 soldiers, of whom 2,200 are known to have died in
■ ndersonville, lie sleeping beneath the green and luxuriant
>d. It is a beautiful place, with its well-kept grounds, large,
, 'reading trees, and imposing monuments placed there by the
states from whose regiments the prisoners were captured.
s I passed among these imposing shafts of marble and
,"anite I could but note the spirit of bitterness that shone
;>rth, even at this late date, from the monuments, both in
the inscriptions and in the bronze reliefs with which they
were ornamented. Nearly all had chiseled upon their sides
"Death before Dishonor," as if they had been tempted before
death by their captors. The Pennsylvania memorial is ex-
ceptionally bitter. It is a large marble portal, surmounted by
the bronze figure of a Federal soldier, disheveled and bent.
The inscription states that this monument had been erected
by a grateful State to those who died and those who survived
the "awful horrors and tortures of captivity in the Confed-
erate military prison of Andersonville." The opposite side
is adorned with a bronze relief of a section of the Anderson-
ville stockade. The log walls are lined with ferocious sen-
tries, whose guns bear upon the prisoners engaged in fishing
up water from a puddle within its walls. The prisoners are
clothed in tattered trousers and shirts, their only garments.
In the rear are crude tents, made of large pieces of sacking
thrown over a stick or limb, forming a tent much on the
order of our present-day army "pup" tent and just about as
large. The prisoners are depicted as having long poles, on
which are fastened buckets, for the stream or puddle is over
the "dead line," and they cannot lean across it, as. this would
invite instant death from the sentries lining the walls.
Another monument, that of New York, I believe, has
two large bronze figures in the attitude of utter despair.
One is of a young boy, the other a bearded man. Both ap-
pear emaciated, hair uncut, and clothes in tatters. The boy-
is barefooted ; the other wears shoes from which the feet are
protruding. They are gazing at a winged figure which is
extending a laurel wreath above their upturned faces. The
Massachusetts memorial is not so bad. It is surmounted by
a group of three bronze figures, a woman pointing toward
the rows of headstones, and two children gazing in that di-
rection. Passages from Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg adorn
its sides. The quotation, "Death before Dishonor," is con-
spicuously placed. It is a very beautiful monument of red
granite and by far the most imposing on the reservation.
Seeking the prison site. I passed from the cemetery through
a rusty gate to a dirt road, almost a path, which wound
among the trees, covered with pine needles and overgrown
with tall grass. All that was visible was the badly kept road,
and through the trees and underbrush glimpses of a negro
cabin or two, with wide-spreading cotton fields stretching
away into the distance. Five minutes walking took me to
the edge of the woods, and in the distance I could see a large
American flag flying from the top of a tall pole. I trudged
along and was rewarded by unexpectedly walking into a sec-
tion of the earthworks with which the stockade was sur-
rounded. They were high, overgrown with trees, and re-
markably well preserved for the length of time that they
have been exposed to the weather and the plow. Passing
beyond into what at one time constituted the stockade, the log
walls of which have been replaced by a row of pecan trees,
I found a well-kept, orderly park. Something like nine monu-
ments, a sundial, and a flag pole were standing grouped to-
gether in its northwest corner. These monuments were
erected by the State of Tennessee, Ohio, Michigan. Iowa, Wis-
consin. Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and New
York in memory of the soldiers confined there. Several
markers have also been placed in honor of the association of
women which purchased the site, marked it, and later pre-
sented the park to the government. Most of the monuments
bore the inscription, "Death before Dishonor," and other in-
scriptions condemning the treatment of prisoners at this
prison during "the late war of rebellion." My attention was
drawn to what appeared to be clumps of trees and bushes
//
9 2
C^opfederat^ l/eterap.
surrounded by wire fencing, which, upon closer inspection,
proved to be numerous holes dug into the ground, around
the edges of which vegetation had sprung up. The caretaker
stated that these holes were the remains of wells dug by the
wretched prisoners in their search for the life-giving fluid.
I counted over a score of these wells, fast filling up with the
red soil of Georgia. Proceeding along the gravel road which
runs toward the creek, or branch, I came to a stone pavilion
from whose interior a cool, clear stream of water was trick-
ling. Over the fountain placed there was chiseled an in-
scription to the effect that God had heard the cry of anguish
from the thirsting prisoners and in his mercy had sent forth
this stream as answer to their appeal. This is "Providence
Spring." I confess that I was somewhat dubious over this
explanation of its origin. Several of the old inhabitants of
that section of Georgia are willing to swear that they drank
from its cool waters long before the time of the Anderson-
ville Prison.
Just below the spring I came to the branch. Here at one
time during the palmy days of the park had been a wooden
bridge over which the visitor had crossed on his way to the
earthworks at the top of the hill beyond. This is familiarly
known at the present day as "Star Fort," and it was here
that Captain Wirz had his headquarters during his term as
prison commandant. The bridge was flat on the ground, part
of it in the water, covered with mud and sand; and as the
hogs had used this spot as a favorite place of recreation, it
was surrounded with deep mud for some yards in extent. I
picked my way across this morass and climbed the hill to the
"Star Fort," on the opposite side of the branch. This sec-
tion of the reservation was not well kept and presented a
forlorn appearance. No signboards told the visitor as to
what lay beyond. There was no walk, only a faint, scarcely
discernable path covered with tall grass and briars, as was
the rest of the hillside. The fort itself stood in a luxuriant
growth of young pines, brushwood, and briar patches. Its
walls are still steep enough to make scaling them anything
but a pleasant undertaking, and the tangled undergrowth
caught my feet on more than one occasion. It is quite a
large place, this fort, and it is a pity that it isn't more ac-
cessible and kept in some degree free of the undergrowth,
for as the prison headquarters and ,the abode of Captain
Wirz himself in interest and historical value it is unsur-
passed by any other portion of the reservation. A few posts
were standing within its steep earthen walls. The signboards
that have been nailed to them were gone, but lettering painted
vertically on the poles themselves, now almost obliterated,
told the visitor that here were "Captain Wirz's headquarters,"
"Officers' Quarters," "Fort Well," and "Sally Port." Numer-
ous others, marked "Gun Site," driven in the earthen walls,
marked where the Confederate cannon frowned upon the
stockade just across the branch on the elevation beyond.
Some of these markers were still standing, others lying on
the ground, and all were very badly worm eaten, with letter-
ing almost indiscernible. I wondered why so little care had
been taken of the place, for at one time it must have been
well kept. The caretaker informed me that these markers and
signboards had been removed by government order because
their statements were fabricated and untrue. He doubted
not they would be replaced in time by suitable iron markers,
but there was so much to do and such a small appropriation
to do it with. In the meantime the fort is fast growing up
with underbrush, trees, and canebrakes, and the markers fall-
ing into decay; and within a few years this point of interest
in the camp prison reservation will be almost as hard to pene-
trate as the tangled jungles of the Dark Continent.
Retracing my steps down the hill, across the branch, and
into the stockade. I took one last glance around the park
grounds. The sun had already dropped behind the blue out-
line of the Georgia hills, leaving a crimson glow upon the
horizon that deepened into purple as the twilight faded. As
I glanced at this smiling field, now beautiful with trees and
foliage, it was hard to realize that some fifty-two thousand
wretched prisoners, whom the refusal of the Federal govern-
ment to exchange doomed to privations, misery, and even
death, eked out a miserable existence here ; that this well-
kept, grass-covered lawn had once been a sea of mud and
water in which the ragged inmates of the prison lived or
died, as the case might be. It did not seem that such could
be possible. Surely the prison had been misquoted by history
NOT ON -THE OTHER SIDE."
W. B. Crumpton, 127 South Court Street, Montgomery,
Ala., contributes the following :
"Reading in the February Veterax 'Which Was the Other
Side?' reminds me of the following, which is said to have
occurred between two Congressmen on the banks of the,
Potomac. Congressman A said to Congressman B : 'I'll bet
you ten dollars I can prove you are on the other side of the
river.' The dare was taken and the money put -up. 'Well,'
said A, pointing to the opposite bank, 'that is one side of the
river, isn't it?' 'Yes,' replied B. 'Then isn't this the other
side?' B's money was lost.
"Rubbing his head, B said: 'I'll get that money back-
Meeting Congressman C, he said : 'I'll bet you ten dollars
can prove to you that you are on the other side of the river.'
His money was instantly covered. 'Now,' says B, 'this is one
side of the river, ain't it?' C assented and B went on, point-
ing across the river: 'That is the other side, ain't it?' 'Yes,'
said C. 'Well,' ain't you on the other side?' 'No,' said C
B, scratching his head, said : 'Well, by George, that thing
worked before. I can't understand it.'
"Some of my old comrades may remember me. Though
an Alabamian, I was in Company H, of the 37th Mississippi
Infantry. I was with Price in Mississippi, was at Vicksj
burg later, and under Johnston and Hood in the Georgia anc
Tennessee campaigns. I am just completing 'A Book of
Memories. 1842-1920.' In this is included some recollection:
of the war. Having been Corresponding Secretary of tin
Alabama Baptist Mission Board for twenty-eight years, mucr
of the book is taken up with travels in the interest 'of mis
sions, religion in the home, good citizenship, education, anc 1
prohibition. I have the honor to be Chaplain of Camp Lomax
of this city, and Chaplain of the Alabama Division of Vet
erans. I would be glad to hear from aivy of my old com
rades."
Record Unusual. — John F. Adams, of Gadsden, Ala,, be
longed to Company A, 2d Alabama Infantry, of which hi
says : "I headed the roll of the only company that enlistet
in the State service, March, 1861, and reenlisted for twelv<
months, then for three years, or during the war as a whole
without change of officers or loss of but two privates, trans'
ferred. Our captain was Peter Forney, who served in Mexicq
1875-78, and was afterwards made major. We surrendered a
Greensboro, N. C, in April, 1865. Major Forney was
brother of Gens. John H. and William H. Forney."
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
93
RUNNING THE BLOCKADE.
BY HENRY HOLLYDAY, EASTON, MD.
Marylanders who entered the Confederate service in 1862
id subsequently were subjected to peculiar difficulty, incurring
sks of capture and death and enduring hardships to which
o other Southerners were liable. Admission to the army
■as to the Georgian, for example, by no means difficult ; his
eographical position facilitated it, and the conscription laws
lade it compulsory. But the Marylander entered it only by
ecoming a voluntary exile after a long and dangerous jour-
'ey — a journey which in the outset promised him in case of
apture worse penalties than those of disastrous battle. For
ot being yet enrolled in the Confederate army, he was not
ntitled to the protection of the Southern government, but
•as liable to cruel treatment and imprisonment at the hands
f the tyrants who had suppressed the government of his
ative State.
In order to reach the Southern Confederacy, or cross the
ne which divided the two sections and which was disputed
round during the war, it became necessary to "run the block -
de," and this article gives an account of the incidents and
angers of one of the routes.
Of those who went South in the summer of 1862 were two
oung men, one of New York City, the other for many years
. resident of Philadelphia, though at the period referred to
■ie was living in the town of Centerville, Md.
On an evening in September, 1862, these young friends and
ousins met at their old family mansion, situated on Chester
liver, a fine old English building erected about 1720, one
mndred and forty-two years before. Here preparations were
nade for the journey which was to separate them from their
riends and relations for many weary, toilsome days. Every
irecaution had to be observed to prevent suspicion on the
■>art of some of the servants of the house as to what this
mmense stir meant; for they were tampered with constantly
->y extra zealous supporters of the Northern cause, who were
■eeking an opportunity to entrap Southern sympathizers. So
:autiously, however, were these preparations made that friends
risking the house knew nothing of the movement until some
ime after our "blockade runners" had left.
The next morning about nine o'clock, after bidding farewell
o their loved ones and receiving in return blessings and
jrayers for their success, they drove off full of hope for the
iuture, but full of sorrow at leaving, not knowing for how
ong or where their journey would take them. Neither re-
urned until after the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse,
April 9, 186S. Then they came back, one being but a wreck
)f himself by reason of exposure and want of proper food
,ind clothing while in active service (a period of nearly two
.■ears and six months), the other being maimed for life in the
jattle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863.
From the hour of leaving home these young men were liable
o arrest and if captured would either have been sent to
irison, Fort Delaware being the nearest point, or released
jpon taking the oath of allegiance to the Federal govern-
ment, an oath no honorable man could take who was not in
sympathy with its requirements.
An ample supply of gold and a limited supply of clothing
were secured for the trip. A trustworthy citizen had been
:ngaged to drive them to Smyrna, Del., where a stanch sym-
pathizer would arrange for the further continuance of their
iaunt.
The route to Smyrna was not very interesting, the country
:hrough which it lay being thinly settled and not improved.
3**
At this present time, however, some of the. best of farms are
to be found along its course, and thousands of fruit trees
have grown up, yielding a rich harvest to their owners. As
Smyrna was approached the land showed a higher state of
cultivation, and the surrounding country formed a very at-
tractive framing to this picturesque village.
Smyrna was reached about sundown, when the hospitalities
of a friend were enjoyed. In the morning the route was con-
tinued to Dover, where a political convention was in session
and where strangers from all parts of Delaware had gath-
ered. The presence of our young friends, therefore, created
no especial notice.
Dover was reached about midday ; and as the train for
Seaford, the next stopping place, did not leave until 3 p.m.,
the interval was occupied in visiting the convention and State
buildings and dining at the hotel. A little before three o'clock,
the time for the train to start for Seaford, they sauntered
down to the depot, where a sight of boys in blue (provost
guards) convinced them that this route had its difficulties
which had to be guarded against. The soldiers stationed at
the depot to intercept and arrest suspicious characters little
realized that the train as it steamed off contained two in-
cipient Confederates.
These Confederates were greatly relieved when they found
the train rapidly conveying them away from what seemed
actual danger. After several hours of car riding they were
landed at Seaford, where they remained one night only.
Being strangers in this section, they had to depend upon a
password for their safe transit and comfortable accommoda-
tion, and this password proved as valuable to them as the
countersign to a picket when doing duty on the outposts of
an army. About sundown, as the train neared Seaford and all
the passengers had left except an elderly gentleman and
themselves, it was deemed most prudent to gain some infor-
mation as to the location of the town and its surroundings,
the character of the inhabitants, and their sympathies in this
great contest which was going on between the two sections
of the country. For at this time there was scarcely one man,
woman, or child throughout the entire land who had not be-
come identified in some way with one or the other of the con-
tending parties. Fortunately this elderly gentleman proved
to be "the right man in the right place," being the father-in-
law of the person to whom our friends were to introduce
themselves that evening and from whom such additional in-
formation was to be gained as would insure the safety of
their movements the next day.
Proceeding to the hotel, our friends ascertained the exact
location of Mr. M— n's residence, about one mile from the
town, which they found without difficulty. Mr. M — n re-
ceived them very cordially as soon as they made themselves
known by means of the password, introducing them to his
wife and several agreeable daughters, whose society added
greatly to the enjoyment of a first-rate supper, the last of its
kind they were permitted to enjoy for several years.
About ten o'clock, on returning to the town, in order to
carry out strictly instructions received from Mr. M — n, they
called on a doctor who was agent of the route at this town.
EJe responded to the password given, inviting them into his
office, where he related many interesting incidents which had
come under his notice ; for quite a number of men who bore
an active, some a conspicuous, part in the service of the Con-
federate States had passed over this route.
This agent informed them that a reliable citizen would call
on them in the morning and invite them to join him in a ride,
which invitation they must accept, nothing doubting. True
1/
94
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
to the appointment, an invitation was given for a drive and
accepted.
The person selected to act as escort, or guide, for the next
day or so was thoroughly acquainted with the route to be
taken as far as Crotchers Ferry, Dorchester County, Md. In
a buggy drawn by one horse, the three started on the route
which would take them away from the searching gaze of
provost guards to a quiet place of rest, there to remain until
a party had been collected sufficiently large to justify the
captain of the craft used in "running the blockade" in start-
ing on his trip to Virginia.
In parting with mine host of the Seaford Hotel it must
not be forgotten that, coupled with his hospitality, was an
evidence of his hearty sympathy with the cause of our travel-
ers. As he bade them adieu he placed in the hand of each a
buckshot, which would prove a talisman of safety for the
rest of that day. The road from Seaford to Crotchers Ferry,
a point where the Nanticoke River is crossed by all travelers
passing between Seaford, Del., and Vienna, Md., and where
our friends were to remain for several days, ran through a
very unattractive section of the Peninsula, Johnson's Cross-
roads being the only point worthy of mention on the route.
Here the counties of Sussex. Del., and Caroline and Dorches-
ter, Aid., join. Our friends halted there to refresh man and
beast. Among the persons collected at the Cross Head Inn
was the sheriff of one of the above-mentioned counties, who
was a Union man of the ultra stripe, and had he known the
character of his new acquaintances he would have found ac-
commodations for them in the county jail.
But it was not intended that a sheriff's authority should
check their steps. So onward they went until a farmhouse
was reached just across the ferry. The farmer here was to
be their guardian for the next day or two. One fact which
prevented suspicion on the part of those whose duty it was
to arrest all doubtful characters was that both of them had
lived so long in Northern cities that they had acquired the
manners and speech of that section and readily passed for
Northerners.
This farmhouse was situated immediately on the public
road leading to Vienna, and whenever persons were noticed
approaching from either direction safety was sought by our
friends in a neighboring cornfield.
The guide of the past few days remained to accompany his
companions as far as the route in Dorchester County required,
but, not being familiar with this portion of the route, he came
near running himself and companions into the enemy's camp.
Starting after breakfast one pleasant September morning
for the residence of Mr. Raleigh, a gentleman whose whole
soul was wrapt up in the Southern cause, after driving several
hours without reaching it, inquiry was made as to the roads,
which soon showed that the guide had taken the wrong road
and that instead of being on the Vienna road he was on the
New Market road near a Mr. Raleigh's. Driving up to the
house, Mrs. Raleigh received our travelers. Mr. R. being ab-
sent. From her they learned that her husband was a Union
man. She. however, had a son in the Southern army, a fact
which greatly relieved their anxiety.
They had introduced themselves to Mrs. Raleigh as mer-
chants from New York and Philadelphia (on a business tour,
or what is better known as "drumming for trade") on their
way to New Market. Cambridge, and other points. Since our
guide was a dentist from Salisbury, who was known by repu-
tation in the surrounding county, it was therefore necessary
to drive in the direction of New Market, a direction exactly
the opposite to the one required to be taken. Accordingly,
after bidding adieu to Mrs. Raleigh, the horse's head was
turned for New Market.
A few moments found the party passing a field of well-
grown corn, which sheltered them from view of the house just
left. Turning around, they were soon driving back rapidly
past and beyond what they so recently feared might prove to
them a prison house, returning to Crotchers Ferry. And now
a new difficulty appeared.
The husband of the negro woman servant at the house
where this party had stayed belonged to Governor Hicks's
brother and was a weekly visitor to this house. It was feared
he might on his return to Vienna Sunday night mention to
his master the fact of strangers being in the neighborhood
and thus arouse his suspicions, leading to the arrest of these
merchants (?). It was therefore deemed most prudent to
move quarters, which was done in the afternoon. The guide
returned to Seaford. Another farmhouse was selected in the
vicinity, and our friends walked to their new place of re-
treat. While on their way an incident occurred which in-
spired them with feelings of almost certainty that their move-
ment "on to Richmond" would be a success.
They were going along the main road leading to Vienna,
enjoying the quiet of a summer evening, when a solitary rider
was seen coming toward them. His appearance indicated that
he was a well-to-do farmer of that section and well advanced
in life. Something suggested that this was the man of all
others that they wished to see, while he also seemed to have
an impression that he was about to meet persons he was in
search of. As the parties approached each other and halted
our friends inquired of the elderly gentleman if he was not
Mr. Raleigh. His reply was simply to inform them that they
most be at his house "to-morrow evening." His keen per-
ception had led him to a quick and correct conclusion, seem-
ing at a single glance to know that these pedestrians were
passing over the "underground route" and needed his as-
sistance.
A little reflection decided our friends to anticipate Mr.
R's orders, fearing the possible unpleasant result of the negro
man's return. Accordingly they started for Mr. Raleigh's on
Sunday night about eight o'clock in a close-covered wagon,
having been joined by several others who were also en route
for Richmond. Passing through Vienna and several miles
beyond, they reached his residence, which was situated on the
north bank of the Nanticoke River. They were driven several
hundred yards below the house, where a dugout was in wait-
ing to carry them across to the Somerset (now Wicomico)
County shore. Proceeding to the house of a prominent citizen
of this county not far from Quantico. food was furnished
and sufficient rest allowed to enable them to continue their
tramp until they reached the broad marshes below, where
perfect security could be found and where a party of fourteen
assembled prior to setting sail across the bay.
Finding that they would have to remain in these marshes
until sundown, shelter from the scorching rays of a summer
sun and protection from the searching eye of the provost
guard was sought in potato holes or bins, places used for
storing sweet potatoes during the winter, but under the undis-
puted sway of mosquitoes during the summer. These potato
holes are like the bombproofs which are built by soldiers as
protection against cannon balls and shells from mortar guns.
They are dug under the ground, like vaults, deep enough to
enable persons to stand erect in them and strong enough to
prevent their being crushed in by heavy weights. Fortu-
nately, the stay here was not very long, else the mosquitoes
would not have left blood enough in the fourteen for them
C^opfederat^ Vefcerai).
95
> be of any use as soldiers. These mosquitoes were vora-
ious feeders.
J The party which had met here to join in the dangers of
running the blockade" across the Chesapeake was composed
f our friends referred to, two stout Irishmen from Dor-
nester County, and two young farmers from the same section,
11 of whom bore an active part in the war as members of
le 2d Maryland Battalion of Infantry, C. S. A. One of the
armers was killed during the battle of Pegram's Farm, on
le Weldon Railroad. There was also a citizen from Wash-
-lgton City, and finally there were six citizens of Delaware,
'horn our friends lost sight of after reaching Richmond.
'he whole party was under command of a brave little cap-
tain named Turpin. The boat used in conveying this party
cross to the Virginia shore was a canoe about thirty-three
aet long, such as can now be seen on the tributaries of the
hesapeake employed by that class of oystermen known as
jngmen. Captain Turpin owned this boat and was regu-
;irly engaged in the blockade-running business, carrying pas-
■ngers and contraband goods. Though a very hazardous
usiness, it was very profitable, twenty dollars in gold being
,ie fare each passenger had to pay, added to which were large
profits on the class of goods carried as freight.
[ The sun was just setting when Captain Turpin called his
assengers on board and made ready for the cruise. Pushing
ff from shore, the boat was rowed along down the Nanticoke
ntil broad water was reached, and night had thrown its
lantle over nature so that sails could be used without being
;2en from land.
. The route selected was out the Nanticoke into Tangier
i ound, thence into the Chesapeake Bay b3 r way of Smith's
•sland, and across the bay by a southwesterly course for
kittle River, on the Virginia shore, a point opposite Point
i.ookout. On the Maryland side of the Potomac River Tan-
gier Sound is a broad, shallow expanse of water lying be-
I .veen the western border of Somerset County and several
mall islands which skirt along the eastern side of the Chesa-
leake. As the Sound was entered a dark cloud rose in the
«'est, causing Egyptian darkness, from which soon burst upon
lie party a terrific thunderstorm and drenching rain; and
;ie boat, which had been gliding along so smoothly, was
:rought to a sudden halt aground upon the flats, miles from
[ither shore.
e All hands had to leave the boat and aid in getting her off,
;or it was necessary to reach the Virginia shore before day-
ght. Although the water was shallow, the mud was deep,
end the mud and water were waist deep before the boat
:Ould be depended on. This, however, was but a foretaste
! if the trouble in store for them. After some delay and
mch labor and patience, the boat was again gliding smoothly
! nd rapidly over the broad waters of the Chesapeake, here
bout twenty miles wide.
: The passengers after getting out of the Sound occupied
•lemselves with learning somewhat of each other's history,
;nd the time passed agreeably, without an accident to mar its
leasure, until they had reached midway their course. A light
.'as then seen in the distance which seemed to be rapidly
i earing down upon them, causing anxiety on the part of all.
3 there was a general impression that this light proceeded
. rom a government vessel used in preventing blockade-run-
i ing. As the race would be between steam and sail, the danger
;emed very great. All hands felt sure that they would be
[ither captured or drowned. The Washingtonian seemed
lore alarmed than the rest ; for, to use his own language :
[ am too well known in Washington and have but recently
left there to avoid arrest. If caught, I will meet a traitor's
death. Captain, O captain 1 for God's sake don't let them cap-
ture me ! Anywhere, captain ; up the bay, down the bay, only
don't let them capture me !"
The supposed danger proceeded from a Norfolk steamer
plying her regular route between Baltimore and Norfolk, and
so once more the party were permitted to sail on smoothly
and undisturbed. But the trip was not destined to be free
from further excitement and real danger.
The Virginia shore was approached just as the day was
breaking, at that moment when the shades of receding night
make objects ahead appear dim and indistinct, while those
behind stand out clear against the horizon. Persons near the
shore could, therefore, distinctly see an approaching vessel
and yet themselves be invisible.
The boat was steering for Little River, one of the many
streams which course inland from the Chesapeake Bay. Pres-
ently a dark object was observed ahead and to the right just
emerging from the cover of the Virginia shore and slowly
but surely moving toward Captain Turpin. As for the cap-
tain of our craft, he trimmed his sails and handled his rudder
so skillfully that, with the aid of a friendly breeze, he soon
found his boat with its human cargo rapidly nearing land.
Still the sound of muffled oars and hushed voices told of ap-
proaching danger and warned us that there would soon be a
race, with life or freedom for the stake.
Captain Turpin understood thoroughly the situation in which
he was placed ; knew the qualities of his boat, the navigation
of the surrounding waters, and that land would soon be
reached. He therefore advised the men to screen themselves
as best they could by lying down in the bottom of the boat,
a very cramped position.
Soon was heard the call so familiar to all sailors, "Boat
ahoy ! Heave to !" coming from the officer in charge of a
government barge which was manned by oarsmen and armed
marines and provided, besides, with a small howitzer. Again
and again this call was repeated, but Captain Turpin feigned
deafness in order to gain time. Just as his canoe was cross-
ing the bow of the barge about one hundred yards from it
a premonitory order, "Heave to, or we'll fire !" was heard
and replied to by one of the men in the canoe : "Fire and be
d — d to you !" And fire they did, the sharp report of the
howitzer being followed quickly by the whizzing sounds of the
leaden missiles which it sent forth. This left but little doubt
that unless the canoe could rapidly sail out of reach its pas-
sengers would soon be battling with the bold waters of the
Chesapeake as well as an armed enemy. The damage from
the first fire was very slight, only a hole or two cut in the
sails.
The race now became intensely exciting, the canoe having
the advantage of a favorable wind and the barge having to
rely entirely upon oars. The position of the two boats was
now changed. Those in the canoe could plainly see the men
on the barge as they stood out against the eastern sky, while
they themselves were scarcely visible from the barge.
Captain Turpin had succeeded in gaining considerable dis-
tance from the barge before the second shot was fired. This
proved to be a solid shot, which fell sufficiently' near to splash
water on the men in the canoe ; and it was soon followed by
a third shot, which sped its course some distance overland.
The canoe, having reached the river, now turned a sharp point
of land and was out of sight and range of the enemy's gun.
Our route was now once more safe.
Some of the men as the canoe rounded into Little River,
rather than trust to Captain Turpin's skill, jumped overboard,
9 6
^opfederat^ l/eterai).
reaching land as best they could. Our Washington friend
was one of the number. He must not be slighted in narrating
our encounter with real danger, for here his true character
was developed. Whereas before, when only supposed danger
presented itself, he begged that the captain would insure his
escape so that he might not be captured and shot, now that
there really was present danger he begged Captain Turpin to
surrender. "Surrender, Captain," said he, "for we'll all be
killed," forgetting in his great fright that a traitor's grave
awaited him.
The men, having abandoned the canoe, scattered in different
directions, some hiding in a tract of woodland, others in a
cornfield, others still continuing far into the interior. Among
the number who fled to the cornfield were our Washington
hero and the writer of this sketch. As day broke more fully,
making distant objects more easily distinguishable, a gunboat,
which was stationed at the mouth of the Potomac River and
which had been sent out on picket duty, was discovered not
more than two hundred yards from this place of retreat, suf-
ficiently near to make it dangerous for the party to remain.
Accordingly, having determined to move farther inland, fol-
lowing what semed to be a public road, the party were brought
to a sudden halt by the cry : "There they are now, boys ; there
are the Yankees !" Washingtonian saw danger in every atom,
-for it was he who thus cried out. But this time his advancing
enemy, several dark objects coming down the road, proved
to be an old black sow with a litter of half-grown pigs. If
some of this party had met these porcine scouts a few years
later in the war, the latter would have been captured and have
•shared the fate of Christians on the Cannibal Islands.
Our young friends and cousins, having separated when the
• canoe was abandoned, did not meet again until late in the day
at a farmhouse where food was furnished them and whence
•scouting parties were started forth in search of stragglers
and to learn the position of the Yankees. The entire party
which sailed out of the Nanticoke assembled at this house
: about sundown, and preparations were made to continue the
march "on to Richmond" via Heathsville, the county seat of
Westmoreland County, an old English settlement, showing
evidences of its age in the quaint, weather-beaten buildings
scattered here and there.
The citizens of this town were full of such hospitality as
a war-ridden people could exhibit. Although they had not
'been visited by the ravages of the contending armies nor wit-
nessed the terrible carnage and destruction with which nearly
every other portion of the State had become familiar, the
effects of war were visible in the scarcity of young, able-bodied
-men; only old men and cripples and women and children were
to be seen. Our tired travelers were refreshed by a beverage
famous in this country, but new to them, "peach and honey,"
made from home-distilled peach brandy and honey.
A night was spent at Heathsville and in the morning ar-
rangements for the "on to Richmond" trip made. Wagons
and teams were secured and guides who knew the country, for
danger still attended this route until within a day's march
from Richmond, when the party would be within the Confed-
erate lines. Federal gunboats controlled the rivers York and
Rappahannock, which had to be crossed before Richmond was
reached, and were constantly plying up and down these rivers.
When on the eve of starting the sheriff of the county re-
quested that they would take charge of two Yankees and de-
liver them in Richmond as-prisoners.of war. These Yankees
had started out from Point Lookout in the canoe which had
been only a few hours before captured from Captain Turpin
and party on an oystering expedition and, owing to high winds
and a want of skill in the management of the boat, were
drifted on to the Virginia shore, where they were captured
by two farmers of that section and brought to Heathsville.
The boat was returned to Captain Turpin, and it is more than
probable it figured in several other blockade-running trips.
The presence of these Yankees added very much to the interest
which surrounded the jaunt to Richmond and aided in its
success, for the citizens always rejoiced to see persons whom
they had just cause to consider their enemies rendered harm-
less.
Leaving Heathsville, we crossed the Rappahannock at
Bowler's, stopped at Miller's for the night, made an early
start next morning, and went to Aylett's for breakfast.
Through the kindness of one of the citizens we here obtained
a wagon and again started for Richmond, where we arrived
that night (September IS), having crossed the Chickahominy
and Pamunkey Rivers and traversed a portion of the battle
field of Mechanicsville and other ground made memorable in
the contest between Generals McClellan and Lee only a few
weeks previously.
The prisoners were delivered to the provost marshal of
Richmond, and the party scattered. Our young friends re-
paired to the Spottswood Hotel, and after a night's rest, so
much needed after the fatigue and excitement of the past ten
days, they enlisted under the banner of the Confederate States
army as privates in Company A, of the 2d Maryland Battalion
of Infantry, commanded by Capt. William H. Murray.
SOUTHERN PORTS.
by mrs. a. a. campbell, historian general u. d. c.
Savannah.
Daughters of the Confederacy who attended the twenty-
first annual convention, held in Savannah in 1914, have an in-
effaceable impression of the charm and beauty of this city
and the gracious hospitality of the people. Who can forget
the oyster roast on Thunderbolt, the rides in the beautiful
environs, the visit to the Lady Huntingdon Club, the many
occasions planned for our pleasure? The silvery cadence of
Sabbath chimes and vesper songs linger sweetly in memory
as an accompaniment to those delightful days.
The buy-a-bale slogan was heard throughout the land, and
why, O why, did ouija boards and mediums who have occull
sources of knowledge so carefully withhold the fact that cot-
ton would soon soar to a phenomenal price and again b(,
hailed as king? A large bale at the De Soto Hotel mutely
solicited investment, and we, not knowing that it was fortune
beckoning, passed on. Things like this confirm the convic
tion that the spirits with whom Ouija & Co. are en rappor,
run a mighty poor bureau of information on sublunary af
fairs and divulge nothing particularly helpful on other lines.
The beauty of Savannah is probably more striking tc
strangers than to natives, who have been long accustomed tc
the exquisite landscape effect of squares and parks systemat
ically breaking the monotony of brick and mortar with ;
tropical luxuriance of foliage. The poet who declared "Thi
roses nowhere bloom so fair as in Virginia" luckily for him
self did not mention date of bloom. If he had qualified the
general statement by naming November, Savannah wouk
certainly win the prize.
Possibly science will discover a way to extirpate tin
Spanish moss which gives to Southern trees a 'weird an<
fatal beauty, but until that time the live oaks of Bonaventuf'
Cemetery will seem the most appropriate and marvelous sen
^pgfederat^ l/eteraij,
97
'nels which can guard the silent avenues of the dead. By
imparison the willow seems flippant and the cypress a cheer-
ll young thing out of tune with the cold Jiic facets of the
;parted.
• Most cities have one great and brooding presence, a genius
uci which cannot be eluded or escaped. Savannah is more
prtunate. The individual will determine whether Oglethorpe,
le Wesleys, Pulaski, or Sergeant Jasper make the strongest
ppeal. Early recollections may put the gallant Jasper out
f the running, for no one compelled to recite the long and
lelancholy poem on his death can feel quite as kindly toward
,:iat brave patriot as he deserves. Count Pulaski, who fell
1 the siege of Savannah in 1779, is a figure of romance, as-
bciated with mourning nuns and the banner which was his
all, and is commemorated in a monument on Monterey Square,
.afayette laid the corner stone to it and to the one to Gen.
,fathaniel Greene when he visited the city in 1825. The rule
f General Oglethorpe, founder of the colony, is a shining
age in colonial annals. Royal governors, with a few con-
picuous exceptions, gathered scant laurels from American
istorians. Very few are commemorated in "storied urn or
nimated bust," but Georgia was blessed with a true philan-
rropist in Oglethorpe, and, still more marvelous, she had
ood, live Indians. If you doubt this, go to the granite
owlder in Write Square in honor of Tomochichi, an Indian
hief who befriended the early settlers.
Colonial contacts with religion were usually casual in prac-
tce and partisan in theology. What was orthodoxy in one
realty was quite otherwise in the next settlement. Witness
he New England Puritans, the Quakers, the Catholics of
Maryland, the Cavaliers, and the poor Dissenters, who pur-
hased immunity for their faith by securing the western fron-
ier against the Indians, your Virginia aristocrat realizing that
'predestination was more effective against the savage than
rpostolic succession.
The Georgia colony was founded on the broad basis of
'deration for all Protestants. Instead of having the worst
if the clergy sent her, as Sir William Berkeley complained
'vas the case in the Old Dominion, Georgia had three men
vho became the most famous preachers of the age, Charles
''■nd John Wesley and George Whitefield. The Wesley
'irothers came over in 1735. Among their fellow passengers
"vere some pious Moravians, and it was then that John Wes-
ey became impressed with the fervent faith which in later
'ears led him to find in Count Zinzendorf a spiritual brother.
Zharles Wesley was secretary to General Oglethorpe. His
lealth soon failed, and he returned to England. The mission of
: ohn Wesley was specifically to the Indians, in which he made
; io progress; but his ministry in the colony was so effective
hat it aroused complaint to Governor Oglethorpe. At that
i ime John Wesley was a stiff High Churchman, fresh from
; Dxford. Doubtless his experience in the New World had an
Evangelizing tendency, for in his retrospects he wrote of the
gatherings on Sunday afternoon in the parsonage at Savannah
' :hese words : "I cannot but observe that there were the first
"udiments of Methodist Societies." There, too, he began his
■>ork as a hymn writer and translator, and there he organized
r he first Sunday school, commemorated now by a handsome
VIethodist church.
Wesley's life in Georgia was complicated-. by an unhappy
' 'omance, for evidently when it came to women the great
)reacher lacked discernment. The Methodist Church has been
i great factor in American life. The circuit rider was the
5nly source of religious teaching over vast regions, and in
the early revivals of Bishop Asbury and other saintly men
thousands were converted who had no other opportunity to
hear the gospel. At the present time, when other denomi-
nations face closed churches, the itinerant system provides
a preacher for every pulpit. If it has been necessary to abate
somewhat the rigorous discipline of early Methodism, be it
remembered that the laxity of some other denominations
makes it difficult to uphold the standard set by the founders.
The worldly Christian is always a more. serious problem in
the Church than the unconverted outsider. Whether the
Wesley brothers were the greatest men who ever dwelt in
the Forest City may be a matter of opinion ; they appear to
be the only ones commemorated in Westminster Abbey and
the most far-reaching in their influence.
Apart from these shadowy sojourners of the past, Savannah
has a population which is not excelled for energy, patriotism,
and business acumen. It was long the foremost cotton port
of the country. New Orleans and Galveston now compete
for this distinction. The trucking interests of Georgia, a
modern development due to great cities and better transpor-
tation, have added immensely to the commerce which follows
the ocean highway to Baltimore and New York. Georgia
lumber and naval stores are also exported from Savannah.
The most notable march of the War between the States was
from Atlanta to Savannah. It is true that General Lee, with
a far greater army, crossed the Potomac and went north as
far as Gettysburg, but that was a quiet and orderly advance,
dependent upon the sun by day and the firmament by night
for its illumination. It was conducted under the strictest
military discipline ever imposed upon an invading host
and doubtless inspired profound contempt in the German
■leaders who entered France and Belgium in 1914. In Sher-
man's march to the sea, however, the most Hunlike Hun
might have found something worthy of emulation. It was
conducted by the light of blazing homes and barns which
made the sky lurid with their flames. It left a blackened and
desolate track where once there had been happy firesides and
fertility. It was an inhuman vengeance wreaked upon de-
fenseless women and children because their men dared to
fight for rights which were secured to them by the Constitu-
tion of the United States. When Savannah was captured, the
wives of all Confederate soldiers and officers were ordered
to leave the city, where they were to find a refuge being a
matter not mentioned.
These sorrows of a vanished era are not paraded to revive
ancient bitterness, but simply as a reminder of the courage
and resilience of a people who arose from the ashes of defeat
in the face of fearful obstacles, without the aid or sympathy
of a single foreign nation and under the cruel oppression of
its own government. For such a people the future is always
bright for it rests upon the sure foundations of a glorious
past.
RICHARD HENRY WILDE.
Bard of the South ! The "Summer Rose"
May perish with the "Autumn Leaf" ;
The "footprints left on Tampa's" shores
May vanish with a date as brief ;
But thine shall be the "life" of fame ;
No winter winds can wreck thy name,
And future minstrels shall rehearse
Thy virtues in memorial verse.
— Alexander Beaufort Meek.
9 s
Qopfederat^ Ueteraij,
COXDUCT OF THE WAR, 1861-65.
BY TAMES H. Jl'xEILLY. D.D., NASHVILLE, TENN.
The great World War of 1914-18 suggests comparison with
the War between the States in 1861-65 not only as to the num-
bers and efficiency of the men engaged, the size of the armies,
and the power of the weapons employed, but also the prin-
ciples involved and the method of conducting the war. And
when German atrocities began to array the sentiment of the
world against her, at once there was in various parts of the
Northern States a disposition to proclaim Germany's course
and methods the same as those of the Southern States in their
war for independence and separation from the Union. It
could only be forgetfulness or malignity or utter ignorance
fostered by the falsehoods of Northern historians that could
lead men to accept and proclaim such perversion of facts as
to the principles and methods of the Confederate States as
compared with the methods of the Union armies of 1861-65
or the German armies of 1914-18. And it is well to remem-
ber that the Union armies had a very large contingent of Ger-
man mercenary soldiers, who acted out their traditional repu-
tation for brutality.
Germany fought to make herself supreme in the councils of
the world: any nation was to be subject to her will, which
she would impose regardless of their wishes. The Confeder-
ate States fought for the right of every organized people to
choose their own form of government; the Federal government
denied the right. The German autocracy refused all terms of
peace except absolute surrender to its will. And when other
nations sought earnestly to avert war, Germany, in her arro-
gant self-confidence, rejected every proposal. The Confederate
States, acting on what they believed to be rights guaranteed
by the Constitution and by exact justice sought earnestly to
arrange with the Federal government terms of peaceful and
righteous separation. Their commissioners were put off and
deceived by false promises and a final refusal of any terms
except absolute surrender.
In contrast with the conduct of the World War, marked
by an atrocious cruelty that refused to recognize any of the
laws of war as understood by all civilized nations, winning
for Germany the hatred and contempt of the world — atroci-
ties almost without parallel in the history of warfare — we
have only to refer to the orders of General Lee and other
Southern commanders and to the practices of the Southern
armies, and that in spite of the fact that their own country
was desolated by the Union armies. Surely the contrast is
most striking.
Several years ago I wrote to a friend, editor of a Southern
newspaper, a very able journal, who was extravagant in his
admiration and praise of Mr. Lincoln and condemned South-
ern criticism of him as narrow bigotry. I called his attention
to the desolating march of the Union armies, approved by his
hero, Lincoln. His answer was that it is a historic fact that
at the beginning of the war Mr. Lincoln had an expert on
international law to prepare a statement of the laws of war;
that this statement was warmly approved by the President and
General Halleck, who was an able lawyer ; and that this
statement was afterwards approved at the Hague and em-
bodied in its code. This was especially as to treatment of
noncombatants and their property. Yet the armies of Gen-
erals Sherman and Sheridan grossly and outrageously violated
every one of these laws with Mr. Lincoln's approval, and
General Halleck, chief of staff, suggested that Charleston's
site be sown with salt.
It is by its dealings with noncombatants and their property
and its treatment of prisoners of war that a government is
to be judged. And in both of these respects it is only neces-
sary to state facts officially attested to vindicate the South
and her armies.
Here is General Sherman's own statement : "One hundred
million dollars of damage has been done to Georgia ; twenty
millions inured to our benefit, the remainder was simply waste
and destruction. On Gen. Howell Cobb's plantation I told
my men to spare nothing. I'll not restrain the army lest its
vigor and energy be impaired."
Major Nichols, an aid-de-camp of General Sherman, thus
describes the great march : "History will be searched in vain
for a parallel to the scathing and destructive effect of the
march in the Carolinas. Aside from the destruction of mili-
tary things, there was destruction overwhelming, overleap-
ing the present generation. Even if peace speedily come.
agriculture, commerce cannot be revived in our day. Day
by day our legions of armed men surged over the land, over
a region forty miles wide, burning everything we could
not take away. On every side the head, center, and rear of
•our columns might be traced by the columns of smoke by day
and the glare of flames by night. The burning hand of war
pressed on these people, blasting, withering. The soldiers
are hunting for concealed things."
It was loot, loot, plunder. The deliberate burning of At-
lanta and Columbia was to impress the inhabitants that "war
is hell."
General Sheridan's course of destruction in the Valley of
Virginia was as thorough as he could make it and was ac-
cording to orders from his chief, as follows : "Do all the
damage to railroads and crops you can. Carry off stock of
all descriptions and negroes, so as to prevent further plant-
ing. We want the Shenandoah Valley to remain a barren
waste." Signed "U. S. Grant."
Sheridan reported officially: "I have burned two thousand
barns filled with wheat and corn, all the mills in the whole
country, destroyed all the factories of cloth, killed or driven
off even' animal, even the poultry, that could contribute to
human sustenance."
Besides these larger acts of ruin, there were numerous Fed-
eral raids with their accompaniments of burning, looting,
insulting women, and tearing off their jewelry. Was there
ever such glorying of a people in their shame?
On the other hand, I shall present only President Davis's
announcement of his policy and General Lee's order on in-
vading Pennsylvania. Mr. Davis said to his soldiers : "Pri-
vate property can be seized only by way of military neces-
sity, for the support or benefit of the army. All wanton
violence, pillage or sacking, maiming or killing is prohibited
under penalty of death, or punishment adequate to the gravity
of the offense." Again : "In regard to the enemy's crews and
vessels, you are to proceed with the justice and humanity
which characterize our government and its citizens." No one
of the thousands captured by Admiral Semmes ever suffered
any violence.
Here is General Lee's order on entering Pennsylvania : "The
commanding general considers that no greater disgrace could
befall the army and through it our whole people than the
perpetration of the barbarous outrages upon the unarmed
and defenseless and the wanton destruction of private prop-
erty that have marked the course of the enemy in our own
country. It must be remembered that we make war only upon
armed men, and that we cannot take vengeance for the
wrongs our people have suffered without lowering ourselves
in the eyes of all whose abhorrence has been excited by the
Qoi)federat^ Meterzyl
99
•ocities of our enemies and offending Him to whom ven-
ince belongeth."
Charles Francis Adams, a Federal general, bore this testi-
>ny : "I doubt if a hostile foe ever advanced in an enemy
untry or fell back from it in retreat leaving behind it less
' jse for hate and bitterness than did the Army of Northern
rginia."
' Let the ruined and desolated homes and fields and business
, the South, held for ten years under the brutalities of negro
I d carpetbag rule, with its loot, graft, and oppression, be
■ npared with the ruin and desolation of Belgium and
!.>rthern France by German frightfulness and say which
Imon, North or South, is represented by Germany and
-.lich by Belgium and France.
'This is written with no intention of stirring bitterness be-
; een the sections whose sons of contending sires fought so
, llantly together in the great World War. But it is to de-
|id my people and my comrades from disgraceful charges
: pired by the surviving enmity of men who have always
l;ed the South.
\s to treatment of prisoners, whatever their hardships in
I rman prisons, they were deliberately inflicted as part of
P. policy of frightfulness and of hatred. On the other
J id, the sufferings of Northern soldiers in Southern prisons,
1,1 especially the terrible death rate, all were the result of
< iditions forced on the Southern people by the Federal
iVernment and military authorities which we were unable
1 remedy.
,?he standing cry against the Confederate authorities and
f iple was, "The horrors of Andersonville." The first thing
|| er the war was to hang the man who had charge of that
|_ son, who had done everything he possibly could to mitigate
i sufferings of the prisoners. The execution was a military
l rder by a court organized to convict and which received
\ hout question the perjured testimony of thugs and mur-
I ers and refused to receive the testimony of credible wit-
Ises of both armies that would have told of Captain Wirz's
[dness.
I 'he charges were repeated with every possible aggravation
C horror from the floor of Congress, from pulpit, platform,
t\ press, seeking to implicate President Davis and his cabi-
t , until after two years of weary and brutal imprisonment
1 was released, but was refused a trial that would have
V dicated him and his cause.
'. it last Northern men, even Federal officers, were forced
t confess that the sufferings and death of prisoners in the
i ith were the result of conditions for which the Federal
i.'ernment was responsible. And it turned out that the
rdiatory measures of the Federals resulted in the death of
r re Southern men in Northern prisons than of Northern
t l in Southern prisons. Out of 270,000 Northern prisoners,
l~)0, or nine per cent, died; out of 220,000 Southern soldiers
i Northern prisons, 26,000, or twelve per cent, died,
t.'here were three causes for the mortality in Southern
J ;ons, for every one of which the Federal government was
irionsible: (1) The lack of food, (2) the lack of medicines,
E the refusal to exchange prisoners.
Jot only were the Southern ports blockaded, but much of
t, best farming territory of the Southern States was in pos-
(B'uon of the Union armies, and the far South had depended
J jely on the Northwestern States for staple foods. But the
f cy of the Federal government to destroy our crops and
'I vent the cultivation of our soil brought on such a scarcity
k. food that our people were reduced to straits, and it was
< cult for our government to provide necessary subsistence
for our armies, and most of the fighting of our armies was
done by hungry, ragged, barefoot men, who carried their
cause in their hearts and on the points of their bayonets. Yet
the prisoners received the same rations as our soldiers in the
field, with frequent additions from the neighborhood of the
prisons.
Much of the sickness was due to the poor preparation of
the rations by the prisoners and by their disobedience to sani-
tary regulations. It was the lack of materials for sanitary
housing that made it necessary to crowd the prisoners into
too small a space. Yet every effort was made by Captain
Wirz and the Confederate authorities to give to prisoners the
same rations and comforts that were provided for our armies.
There was no excuse for starvation in the North.
There was utter lack of medicines in the South, and she
had te depend on native remedies and such medicines as were
run through the blockade. Contrary to the custom of civilised
nations, the Federal government made medicines contraband
of war and refused every appeal of the Confederates for
necessary medicines for the use of Federal prisoners. It was
first proposed to buy the medicines with the solemn pledge
that the medicine should only be used for Federal prisoners,
and it was proposed to pay in gold. When this was refused,
it was proposed that the Federal government should send to
the prisoners a sufficient number of competent physicians with
necessary medicines with the assurance that their service
should be strictly confined to the prisoners. This also was
refused. It was evident that the Federal authorities were
determined not only to starve the South, but to crush it by all
manner of diseases, even though they should sacrifice thou-
sands of their own men.
The sufferings of prisoners, both North and South, could
have been prevented by a fair system of exchange. Such a
system was arranged in 1862; but after various subterfuges
it was repudiated by the North, and thenceforth prisons were
terribly crowded. And while Southern soldiers starved and
froze in Northern prisons, Northern soldiers starved and died
of malaria in Southern prisons. Every effort of the Con-
federates to effect any sort of exchange was rejected. Gen-
eral Lee's offer to General Grant was rejected. The pro-
posal to exchange only sick prisoners, man for man, was re-
fused. When a delegation of Union prisoners went to Wash-
ington to beg for an exchange, they were brutally turned
away by Secretary of War Stanton, and General Grant pro-
tested against any exchange. And when finally the Confed-
erates offered to surrender all sick prisoners without any
equivalent if the Federal government would send transporta-
tion, the offer was grudgingly accepted and only carried out
after several months ; and then these sick and skeleton prison-
ers were paraded through the North to fire the Northern heart
against the South.
Surely the government that refused any exchange of prison-
ers should bear the responsibility for the dreadful sufferings
and death of prisoners, both North and South.
Charles A. Dana, Assistant Secretary of War and the able
editor of the New York Sun, wrote: "We were responsible
ourselves for the continued detention of our captives in
misery, starvation, and sickness in the South. Of the charge
of cruelty to our prisoners so often brought against Mr.
Davis and reiterated by Mr. Blaine in his speech in the United
States Senate, we think Mr. Davis must be held altogether
acquitted."
And it is notable that with all these charges of cruelty
made against Confederates in treatment of prisoners no other
I,
100
C^Qijfederat^ l/efcerag.
trial was ever held after the disgraceful execution of Captain
Wirz.
The question recurs : Was the Union or Confederate gov-
ernment most like Germany in the conduct of the war?
THE BATTLE OF KING'S MOUNTAIN.
BY BONNIE EL0ISE MAUNEY, KING'S MOUNTAIN, N. C.
[This essay won the Anna Robinson Andrews medal offered
through the Daughters of the Confederacy.]
Eight miles south of the town of King's Mountain, and
just over the North Carolina line in South Carolina, is a
spot held sacred by all true Americans — a spot where the
representative of a foreign power was overthrown and a
victory won which made possible the realization of the
Declaration of Independence and the existence of the Con-
stitution of the United States. This is the King's Mountain
battle ground.
Contrary to what might be expected from the name, the
battle field is not on the crowning peak of the mountain, but
on one of the smaller ridges several miles southwest of
the pinnacle. Stretching from east to west about one-half
mile, from north to south varying from fifty to two hun-
dred yards, this ridge stands a hundred feet higher than the
surrounding country.
No human soul resides near the spot. Only the mountain
peaks near by and the silent monuments keep eternal watch
over the field "where valor proudly sleeps." The occasional
singing of the birds in the distance, the babbling of the brook
at the foot of the ridge, the sighing of the winds through the
pines on its slopes, and the barrenness of the great rocks on
its summit bespeak the loneliness of the place. A wagon
road traversing the west end and several obscure paths worn
by the feet of visitors who infrequently journey here merely
emphasize its isolation.
If the patriots and the British could return for a peaceful
reunion, they would have little difficulty in recognizing this
as the scene of their horrible conflict on October 7, 1780, the
most important differences in appearance being the several
slabs and monuments erected by Americans in grateful re-
membrance of the heroic deeds of our forefathers.
But "a battle field as a battle field is a very inhumane
thing. No flaunting of bright banners, no rhythmic tramp
of martial feet, no glitter of the trappings of war. no mere
physical courage can rob it of its inhumanity. The virtue
of the battle field lies in the principles for which men fight."
The patriots of King's Mountain were fighting for dearly
prized principles of home and civic life, and it was these
which redeemed their battle to the plane of nobility and
heroism. No new principle it was, but simply a restatement
of that principle of self-government first wrung from the
king by the barons at Runnymede — the proud heritage of the
Anglo-Saxon race.
Until 1778 practically all the engagements of- the Revolution
had been on Northern soil. With honors about even, but
with New York in British hands, England decided that the
quickest way to conquer America was through the South.
Abundant ships and troops were collected, and the Southern
ports were blockaded. By 1780 Savannah and Charleston, the
two most important towns in the South, had fallen to the
British. That a campaign through the Carolinas "would end
the war was the opinion of Clinton, the British commander.
Accordingly, two commands, one led by Lord Cornwallis,
the other by Col. Patrick Ferguson, were sent to accomplish
this. On August IS Cornwallis met Gates at Camden an
completely routed him. "His Northern laurels had turne:
to Southern willows."
Then followed the darkest days of the Revolution for tb
Whigs. It seemed that every course was clear for Cortj
wallis to make a triumphant march through the Carolina
"Bloody" Tarleton, who butchered the patriots wherever rj
found them, was scouring the lowlands. Ferguson, by hi 1
winning manner, was drawing many young Tories to h
standard. To add to all this gloom, there came a heaviti
and still blacker cloud. That brave and daring leader, tl
hero of Saratoga, Benedict Arnold, had turned traitor. K
wonder Washington said : "I have almost ceased to hope.'
Almost a month after the battle of Camden Cornwall!
broke camp to begin his invasion of North Carolina, whicl
he considered but "the road to Virginia." On September il
he reached Charlotte, truly a "hornet's nest" for the red
coats. Meanwhile Major Ferguson had been dispatched wiii
a force of two hundred regulars and nine hundred Tory mil 1 ]
tia to the borders of Tryon County, where he was to holl
back the bands of over-mountain men who were now showing
signs of activity. Carrying out his commission, Ferguso |
boldly pursued the mountaineers as far as Gilbert Towl
(now Rutherfordton), in Rutherford County, whence he ser]
them a contemptuous message that if they did not desi:
from their opposition to the British arms he would marc
his army over the mountains, hang their leaders, and la |
waste their country with fire and sword.
Shelby and Sevier answered the challenge by calling tb
frontiersmen to arms. "In its suddenness and its numeric;;
strength the response to their call resembled a rising of th
Scottish clans when the 'fiery' cross was despatched throug;
the highlands." To the rendezvous at Sycamore Shoals, o
the Wautauga River, on September 25, came Shelby wit
240 men from Sullivan County, Sevier with 250 from Wash
ington, and Campbell with 400 Virginians. Early on th
morning of the 26th the little band gathered around thei,
chaplain and heard in silence his prayer that the God of bal
ties would attend their undertaking. Without further dt
lay they set out to meet Ferguson. On the march they wer,
joined by the McDowells with 160 men from Burke an
Rutherford and Winston and Cleveland with 350 troops frot
Wilkes and Surry. A motley crowd they were — India
fighters, hunters, farmers, and mountain rangers. No uni
forms had they, no bands of music, no bristling bayonet:
Dressed in their hunting shirts, with sprigs of hemlock i
their hats, fearless and patriotic, every man was a dead she!
with a rifle.
Camping and moving, moving and camping, they passe
over the mountain and on October 3 reached Cherry Mour
tain, about sixteen miles from Gilbert Town, where they ex
pected to find Major Ferguson. Here Cleveland halted th
march and said with feeling: "Now is the time for every on
of you to do his country a priceless service, such as sha
lead your children to exult in the fact that their fathers wer
the conquerors of Ferguson. When the pinch comes, I sha
be with you. But if any of you shrink from the battle, yo
now have the opportunity of leaving." Be it said to thei
credit not one accepted the invitation.
In the meantime, however, Ferguson had withdrawn hit
South Carolina ; but on hearing that "those dirty mongrels
were in pursuit, he dispatched messengers to Cornwallis re
questing immediate assistance and on October 6 marched hi
army northward to a spur of King's Mountain. This h
Qopfederat^ Veterai}.
IOI
boasted was such an ideal position that even the Almighty
could not drive him away.
Learning that Ferguson had fallen back, the mountain men,
in order to follow with greater speed, weeded from their
ranks all foot soldiers and, with those on horseback, pro-
ceeded in haste to overtake the foe. At Cowpens on October
6 they were joined by Colonel Hambright with fifty Lincoln
County men and Colonels Lacy and Williams with four hun-
dred South Carolinians. With Colonel Campbell, the only offi-
cer from without the Carolinas, in command, the army moved
on toward King's Mountain. Through the night and the
morning of the 7th a heavy rain was falling, but this could
not quench the determination of the mountaineers. They
wrapped their guns in their blankets and hunting coats and
marched, marched, marched.
The earl} afternoon brought them in touch with the enemy.
A hurried consultation was held, the position of each corps
was decided upon, and the final order given : "Fresh prime
your guns, and every man go into battle firmly resolving to
fight until he dies." The plan of attack was to quickly sur-
round the mountain. Thus the entire force, arranged in four
columns, advanced on foot from the west side. Campbell led
the right center ; Shelby, the left ; Sevier, with McDowell's
troops, had command of the right wing; Cleveland, with
men under Williams, Hambright, Lacy, and Chronicle, com-
manded the left ; and around to the east side went Winston,
closing the gap in the circle.
About three o'clock the fighting began. So quietly had
the Americans approached that Ferguson did not discover
their presence until the first firing by Shelby's men. Im-
mediately his silver whistle could be heard resounding
through the trees calling his men to prepare for battle.
With a loud frontier war whoop the patriot army dashed
forward into the fray. First the troops on the left charged
against the British, then those on the right. No one waited
for orders, but steadily up the hill, crouching behind the trees,
the mountaineers crept. The minute Colonel Campbell caugh
sight of the enemy he shouted : "Here they are, my brave
boys. Shoot like h— 1 and fire like devils." Cleveland, en-
couraging his men, said : "When you are engaged, you are
not to wait for the word of command from me. I will show
you by my example how to fight." Thus back and forth.
Campbell and Sevier on one side. Shelby and Cleveland on
the other, the patriots charged up the hill three consecutive
times, each time to be repulsed. But. obeying to the letter
Shelby's battle cry, "Never shoot until you see an enemy and
never see an enemy without bringing him down," each time
they renewed the charge. As Draper truly remarks : "Never
was war cry of the ancient Romans more ceaseless and de-
termined that Carthage must be destroyed than was that of
the mountaineers to catch and destroy Ferguson."
The British, in wild confusion, fired volley after volley
and rushed with bayonets, first against one side and then the
other; while back and forth along their lines rode their leader
on his white charger, his brilliant uniform covered with a linen
duster. Above the din and roar of battle could be heard his
shrill whistle calling his wavering men to renewed effort.
Thus the battle raged for an hour. But finally something
happened in the British lines. Captain DePeyster, second in
command, foreseeing defeat, hoisted the white flag; where-
upon the gallant Ferguson, dashing forward, cut it down
with the sword. Some one in the patriot army cried
"There's Ferguson ! Shoot him !" Straightway a dozen mus-
kets were leveled on him, and he fell from his horse with
eight fatal wounds.
A little hand fighting, and the battle was over. Huddling
in a group on the summit of the ridge, the soldiers of the
king laid down their arms in surrender. Then what shouts
along the mountain sides ! The patriots gave three cheers for
liberty, and the whole ridge reechoed the joyous sound.
Considering the number of forces engaged, there was no
more sanguinary battle fought during the Revolutionary War.
Not one of Ferguson's men escaped, 456 having been killed
or wounded and 648 taken prisoners. The cost to the Ameri-
cans was 6 officers and 23 privates killed and fifty-four
wounded. Having buried the body of the brilliant Ferguson
and divided his garments and equipage, the backwoodsmen
saw thier mission performed ; so back to the mountains and
their homes they went, even as quickly as they had come.
"The victory at King's Mountain," says Bancroft, "changed
the aspect of the war." Like an electric shock it spread
through the country, awakening the hopes and courage of
the Whigs and heartening them into renewed determination
to win, correspondingly discouraging the Tories and keeping
them quiet in this region for the rest of the war. Deserted
by his "friends" and threatened by fresh swarms of enemies,
Cornwallis hastily abandoned Charlotte and fled into South
Carolina, thus freeing North Carolina once more from the
invader. King's Mountain paved the way for Yorktown.
Although a small engagement as far as numbers were con-
cerned, the victory came at a most critical time and proved
the turning point of the struggle in the South. In the words
of Jefferson : "It was the joyful annunciation of that turn in
the tide of success that terminated the Revolution with the
seal of our independence."
LASHED BY LAMAR'S TONGUE.
[This article was copied from an old scrapbook and sent
to the Veteran by A. B. Hershberger, of Luray. Va., who
says : "It is too good to lie dormant so many years." It ap-
peared originally in the Washington Post.]
The death of Justice Lamar has recalled his well-known
devotion to the Confederacy, and his love for the leader of
the lost cause was productive of one of the most dramatic
scenes in the history of the Senate. The Mexican pension
bill was under consideration and an amendment pending ex-
tending its provisions to all veterans irrespective of their
course in the War between the_ States.
It was near adoption. Congress, it was said, could best
show its desire to forgive and forget by extending the bene-
fits of the measure to those who had once borne arms against
the common country. The amendment was near adoption
when Zack Chandler came to his feet with a short speech in
which he said that, while in the main ne agreed to the general
tenor of the amendment, yet under its provisions even Jeff
Davis would be restored to citizenship. "And," he added,
"I am not prepared to go so far as that."
Lamar rose. His intense excitement was evident. Between
him and Chandler a strong personal antagonism existed. An
outburst was expected, and it came. "Mr. President," said
the Mississippian, with outstretched finger pointing at his
foeman, his tall form trembling with emotion, but his voice
bell-like in its clearness and without a quiver in it, "when
Prometheus lay bound to the rock it was not the king of
beasts who availed himself of his distress. It was not any
of the nobler brutes of the field or birds of the air. It was
the vulture, the scavenger of the animal kingdom, gluttoning
upon carrion, which preyed upon his vitals, knowing that in
102
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
a defenseless man who could neither move hand nor foot he
had one into whose vitals he could dig his beak."
He sat down amid a stillness so profound that the rustle
of a paper sounded harshly. Chandler was deadly pale.
Drops of perspiration stood upon his forehead, and he
clenched the arms of his chair until the strained wood
creaked. It was expected that he would reply. Twice he half
arose, then sank back. He did not reply.
MAKING OUR WAY HOME FROM APPOMATTOX.
BY I. G. BRADWELL, BRANTLEY, ALA.
By the terms of the surrender we were not to be molested
in returning to our homes with our paroles ; but Gen. Joseph
E. Johnston's army in North Carolina had not as yet sur-
rendered, and there were many hostile forces between us and
our homes. For our protection our company decided to
maintain our organization as a means of mutual benefit. We
had no idea what difficulties were to be met with on our
way. We were unarmed, and if attacked by Sherman's sol-
diers or deserters we had no means of defense.
Fortunately, we had no trouble with any of our old ene-
mies, none of whom we met until we reached Macon, Ga.,
which place we found full of Wilson's Cavalry, who had
arrived there a few days before. They had heard of Lee's
surrender and did not interfere with us. After we had sup-
plied our haversacks with a sufficient quantity of meal at the
mill mentioned in my previous article, we marched leisurely
toward Danville, Va., where we found an abundance of com-
missary stores sent there by the authorities at Richmond.
But if we had not been fed by the enemy, the army would
have perished before we got to these supplies. We found the
town full of soldiers who had outtraveled us ; and as there
was no train for Greensboro, N. C, that day, we decided to
take a much-needed rest, cook up food for several days, and
otherwise prepare for our long journey home. One of our
men borrowed a big wash pot, in which we placed a quantity
of dry speckled peas, choice food with us at that time, and a
shoulder of very salty bacon. A great fire was kindled
around it, and we sat about on the platform of the railroad
watching it. We watched and waited while the meat rose to
the surface and sank again in the boiling water. Our mouths
were watering for a taste of that bacon and the peas. Oc-
casionally some one would run down and examine to see if
the contents were done and add fuel to the fire, but they were
always found to be as hard almost as when we put them in
the pot. It did seem that our dinner would never get done
enough to eat. Finally a comrade suggested that we watch
the pot and save his part of the contents while he went down
to the arsenal, some distance away, and got some powder and
lead to take home.
He was gone quite a while, and w r e still sat there watching
the performance of our pot, when all at once we were startled
by a tremendous explosion that shook the entire town, and
pieces of shell began to drop about us and everywhere in the
city. Soon we saw men running with stretchers toward the
scene, bringing mangled boys and soldiers away. Our com-
rade finally returned and reported that he had just got out
of the building and far enough away not to be killed when
the explosion took place. It seemed that the soldiers doing
police duty in the town, when they found that General Lee
had surrendered, refused to obey the orders of the mayor
and keep the little boys, negroes, and soldiers out of the
building filled with guns and all kinds of explosives. Crowds
rushed to this place, where the floors and cellar were covered
an inch or more deep in powder. A boy snapped a gun to see
if it was loaded and blew up the place jam full of boys,
negroes, and soldiers. Our comrade told us that two women
going down the street on the other side at the time of the
explosion caught fire. In their pain and fright they dashed
forward to the river and plunged in, only to lose their lives
by drowning.
Nothing remained of the building the next day. The cellar
alone marked the spot where it had stood. The mayor had
the remnants of human beings collected and put in a large
box and thus buried. How many of our brave soldiers
perished in this unfortunate catastrophe no one will ever
know.
After waiting here some time, we got transportation on
freight cars to Greensboro, where we again had to wait over
some time. Here we first came in touch with Gen. Joseph E.
Johnston's men. What attracted our attention most was the
various gambling games in progress everywhere. Our men
had long since eliminated this vicious habit, and we were sur-
prised to know that it still survived in the Army of the West.
I remember that when we were going into our first battle at
Cold Harbor in June, 1862, the ground along the roadside was
strewn with greasy cards, thrown away by our soldiers who
did not want to be killed with these evidences of wickedness
on their persons.
While waiting at the depot Generals Beauregard and
Joseph E. Johnston rode up. I thought I never saw hand-
somer men in my life except General Lee. They looked like
kings as they sat on their fine horses giving orders to their
soldiers. The nobility of their characters was as admirable
as their persons.
Speaking of General Lee reminds me of a little incident.
During the Christmas holidays in 1863, when our brigade was
doing picket duty along the Rapidan, General Lee, supposing
there would be no occasion for his presence, went to Rich-i
mond. On the other side of the river Gen. R. B. Hayes, who
was afterwards President of the United States, and another
general, under the influence of the usual Christmas cheer, de-
cided to assume the offensive, clean out the entire Confederate
army, and end the war. As soon as they had crossed the river
General Gordon hastened to meet them with our brigade, and
we had quite a time fighting them before we drove them back
across the river. We killed a great many and captured a large
number of prisoners. General Lee did not arrive until the
morning after the fight. Our prisoners were very anxious to
see him, and as he rode along reviewing our brigade they
made many very complimentary remarks, such as, "He is the
grandest man I ever saw," while from another would come,
"O if we only had such a general !" and many more such ex-
pressions were made.
The railroad tracks were in a shocking condition where
they could be used, and the freight cars were equally bad; but
when we had the opportunity our men crowded into them and
on top of them as long as there was space to crowd in. Once
more we started and managed, by walking part of the way,
to get to High Point. This is now a beautiful and flourish-
ing manufacturing city; it was then a little old dilapidated
village. Here we had to lie over again. The next morning
some comrades and I were preparing our breakfast at a little
fire when a very gentlemanly soldier from Texas approached
us and said: "Boys, have you heard of old Abe's demise?"
"No," we replied. He then told us that John Wilkes Booth
had killed President Lincoln. We could but feel at the time
that it was only an expiation for the atrocities he had allowed
his soldiers to commit and the treatment accorded our de-
Qopfederat^ Ueterai).
IO'
;nseless prisoriers in his hands, doing so much to create bitter
actional feeling by the methods he employed, when he could
I'ave accomplished the same ends by a more humane policy.
lany think that if he had lived there would never have been
te persecution of the South in Reconstruction days, but no
"rgument could be more false. Lincoln would have been just
r s wholly in the hands of the most radical element of his
olitical party and could have done little in opposition to
> leir wishes.
Once more we mounted those old ramshackle cars that had
one duty during the whole war without repair. We were
acked in them and on top like sardines. When we reached
Hackstock Station, in South Carolina, in the darkness, our
ngine ran into a freight car standing on the track, and the!
3p of the one on which I was riding broke in, dumping us
. own on our companions sleeping below. Strange to say,
obody was seriously hurt. We now decided to abandon the
ailroad and make our way on foot across the country to
\iken, S. C. Reaching that place, we went to the broad
iazza of the hotel to rest. The proprietor came out and
aid: "Gentlemen, I am sorry I cannot entertain you better,
ut you are welcome to occupy my front porch."
From Aiken we went to Augusta, Ga., where we found one
f our comrades, who had by some means outtraveled us.
.V'hen the Confederate stores of every kind were opened, he
ecured for each one of us a new suit of clothes from head
3 foot and much other plunder. I took my new clothes and
piece of soap to the river at the back of the building where
•e were stopping, and, divesting myself of the old ragged
uds I had worn so long, I cast them with all the living things
ley contained into the Savannah River to float on and out
i the Atlantic Ocean.
On our way to Atlanta our engine ran off the track at
'tone Mountain : but the train crew got it back in place, and
e were soon in that city of ruins. I saw but one house that
ad not been burned, and it stood at the end of White Hall
treet and overlooked the place. I was told that it was Sher-
lan's headquarters while he occupied the city. As we passed
long the ruined streets desperate-looking men peeped at us
:om cellars with the eyes of hawks. They looked like
esperadoes who had followed the wake of Sherman's army
) rob, steal, or murder as opportunity offered. But if they
ad injured one of our men, it would have cost the offender
is life.
From Atlanta to Macon we rode in comfortable passenger
irs and were not overcrowded, as many of our soldiers had
ranched off in every direction to their homes. At each sta-
on some of our comrades got off, and we bade them adieu,
tacon, as I have already said, was full of Wilson's raiders,
Jt we were not molested by them. After another delay here
e entrained for Albany, then the terminus of the railroad,
fty-six miles to Bainbridge, Ga., our home town. We were
iformed that the stage would make its last trip under the
impany's mail contract with the Confederate government
tat evening to Bainbridge and Quincy, Fla., and that the
ire was $120 in Confederate money to Bainbridge. I sold
l extra pair of shoes I got at Augusta for that sum and
cured a ticket. The coach was crowded, but our driver had
splendid team of horses, which was changed every ten or
reive miles. There were two ladies with us bound for
allahassee, Fla., and to these we gave the best seats inside
le coach, while we occupied the top and the seat with the
river. At daybreak the stage stopped, in front of John
baron's hotel at Bainbridge, and I stepped out amidst a
owd assembled to greet friends and to hear the news. I
did not see any one I knew except Dr. Moritz Hahn, an old
Jewish citizen, who informed me where to find my people
in the town. This was May 4, 1865, and so many changes
had taken place in my absence that I did not know the peo-
ple. But I should mention that new conditions were met with
after we left Macon. From that place to Albany every ware-
house at the different stations along the road was piled to
its capacity with Confederate corn and army supplies. It
seemed that there was enough stored there to supply all the
armies we had in the field, while we were starving in Vir-
ginia.
My father lived on his plantation, one and a half miles out
of town. He was one of the county officials and very promi-
nent in supporting the cause by feeding and caring for the
families of the soldiers who were away fighting for their
country. My oldest brother, now returned from the army,
was very apprehensive lest the Yankees, when they occupied
the town, would hang him for the active part he had taken.
But he did not seem to care or feel any uneasiness ; and when
it was reported that Captain Roberson, of the 13th Maine
Regiment, with a hundred men and two lieutenants, was
coming from Albany to take over the government in the name
of the United States, he called Sam, the carriage driver, and
told him to hitch up and go to meet the soldiers and bring
Captain Roberson and his officers to our house and invite
him to make it his headquarters. This Sam did ; and when
Roberson came, my father met him on the porch and extended
his hand, at the same time saying that he had sent for him
to have his protection ; that he had done all he could for the
cause of the South, but now that we were defeated it was in
his hands to bestow such treatment as he saw fit. Roberson
seemed to be very sullen the whole time he was there, but his
soldiers did not commit any depredations. They were re-
lieved by a battalion of Kentucky cavalry. These men seemed
to have been forced into the service to fight in a cause they
did not like and so vented their anger on the poor negroes,
treating them with the greatest cruelty. They came without
any wagons or feed for their horses, about six hundred in
number, and compelled our old foreman, Sambo, to give up
the keys and helped themselves to six hundred bushels of
corn and other forage. Sambo and Sam were pressed into
service to haul the stuff to their camps, and when they moved
to Tallahassee they took the two negroes and our teams with
them. This was after all the Confederate armies had sur-
rendered, and father was never paid one cent by the United
States government. A battalion of infantry from Indiana,
under Captain Mason, took the place of the Kentuckians, and
during their stay our citizens began to realize the evils of
reconstruction, the darkest page in all the history of our
country. Our government was placed in the hands of carpet-
baggers, negroes, and our own Southern traitors, many of
whom had been prominent in the secession movement, but
took no part in the fighting that resulted. They joined the
Union League to get office and have a part in the robbery
and plunder of their fellow citizens. Their management of
the State government was so outrageous that we organized
the Ku-Klux Klan and redeemed the country. Since that
time the South has remained solid.
I claim no prophet's vision, but I see
Through coming years, now near at hand, now distant.
My rescued country, glorious and free,
And strong and self^existent.
— John R. Thompson.
<:
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Qoijfederat^ l/eterai).
GUERRILLA WARFARE IN MISSOURI.
BY W. J. COURTNEY (WHO WAS WITH COMPANY B, SHANKS
REGIMENT, 5th MISSOURI CAVALRY, SHELBY'S BRIGADE,
PRICE'S ARMY), LONG BEACH, CAL.
I was always strongly opposed to guerrilla warfare, be-
lieving it wrong and a poor way to settle anything : yet I want
to give you a few facts as to the causes for guerrilla warfare
in Missouri, where it was more bitter and merciless than in
any other State. So far as Southern men took part in it, it
was strictly a war of retaliation. In September, 1861, Jim
Lane, with a body of Kansas jayhawkers, wantonly burned
and destroyed the town of Osceola, in St. Clair County, Mo.,
and a little later in the fall of that year the bloody butcher,
McNeil, with a Federal command, had ten prisoners, most
of them noncombatants, shot simply because some Union
man in that neighborhood had disappeared from his home
and could not be found.
In November, 1S61, Col. C. B. Jennison, of the 1st Kansas
Cavalry, issued a proclamation to the people of the border
counties of Missouri, in which he declared: "All who shall
disregard these propositions (to surrender their arms and
sign deeds of forfeiture of their property) shall be treated
as traitors and slain wherever found. Their property shall
be confiscated and their houses burned, and in no case will
any one be spared, either in person or property, who refuses
to accept these propositions."
And the Federals boasted of their barbarity. On December
27, 1861, the St. Louis Democrat stated that "Lieutenant Mack,
sent out to Vienna with twenty Kansas rangers, returned
yesterday. He brought no prisoners, that being a useless
operation about played out." The Rolla Express, a Union
paper of the same date, said: "A scouting party of rangers,
which left this place last week for Maries County, has re-
turned. The boys bring no prisoners ; it is not their style."
At that time there was not an organized Southern guerrilla
band in the State of Missouri, nor had there been. The first
of that kind was organized by Quantrell. In January, 1862,
Quantrell had seven men with him and operated in Jackson
County, Mo. During that month Captain Gregg joined Quan-
trell with thirteen men, making his entire force twenty men.
After that his command increased rapidly. He had fights and
took many prisoners, but he always paroled them. In a
fight at Little Santa Fe Quantrell and his band were sur-
prised and surrounded in a house. The house was set on
fire, and they fought their way out. One of his men was
wounded and captured, taken to Fort Leavenworth, and shot.
On the night of the 20th of March, 1862, Quantrell, with
sixty men, camped on Blackwater, four miles from the little
town of California. On the morning of the 21st he got a
copy of the St. Louis Republic, which contained General Hal-
leck's proclamation outlawing his band and all other bands
of partisan rangers and bushwhackers and ordering Federal
officers not to take them prisoners, but to kill them wherever
found. Quantrell said nothing of the proclamation until he
had formed his men next morning. He then read it to them,
told them it meant the black flag, and gave every man his
choice who could not fight under the black flag to fall out
and return home and all who could to follow him. Twenty
of his force turned and rode away with him. Never until
then had Quantrell or his men shot a prisoner or a Federal
soldier who surrendered. They accepted the black flag when
it was forced upon them.
The capture, sacking, and burning of Lawrence, Kans., after
that was in retaliation for the sacking and burning of Osceola
by Jim Lane and his men more than a year before. The |
fight and massacre, as it has been called, at Centralia was in J
retaliation for the killing of one of Anderson's sisters and the
crippling for life of another by undermining and throwing
down a house in Kansas City in which they, with other South-
ern women, were confined.
Missouri was isolated and cut off from the Confederacy..
There was a Federal garrison in most every town in the State.
A manifestation of sympathy for the South meant banish-
ment, confiscation, and destruction of property, or death.
There was no law. The courts were terrorized, and officers
were military puppets of the power. Fire and sword reigned I
supreme, and the guerrillas and bushwhackers simply paid
back the insults and wrongs to which they and their families
and their friends were subject. They fought in the only way
in which they could fight, and they fought to kill. William
Anderson was killed in a fight with Curtis's command at
Orrick, Ray County, Mo., in the fall of 1864, and his body
ivas dragged through the streets of Richmond, Mo., by the
Federals. Quantrell survived the war and died in Kentucky
some time later.
In the fall of 1863 General Ewing issued his infamous,
devilish order No. 11, requiring all of the old Southern men
(the young men having already gone South) and all of the
Southern women and children to vacate their homes and re-
move from Jackson County under pain of death. Their beau-
tiful homes were then sacked and burned and their best house-
hold furniture, pianos, and musical instruments were loaded
into wagons and carts and carried away to Kansas.
I am loath to recall those diabolical crimes so long after
the war, but it will be many years yet, if ever, before the
people of Missouri and the South forget these outrages of
rapine, murder, and destruction of their homes and property.
Several of Quantrell's and Anderson's men are still living at
their homes in the counties of Clay, Jackson, and Lafayette.
No charge of crime or violation of the law has ever been
laid at their doors. They have been law-abiding, industrious
citizens since the close of hostilities.
THE IORDAN SPRINGS BATTLE.
Capt. James I. Metts, of Wilmington, N. C, who was com-
mander of Company G, 3d North Carolina Infantry, later
assistant inspector of Grimes's Division, writes of the fight
in which Col. Richard Snowden Andrews and his men bore
such a gallant part. He says :
"It afforded me great pleasure to read the memorial ad-
dress by J. .W. Owens at the dedication of the handsome
bronze tablet marking the spot where Col. Richard Snowden
Andrews, commanding two guns, and Brig. Gen. George H.
Steuart's brigade, composed of the 10th, 23d, 27th Virginia,
and the 1st and 3d North Carolina Regiments, held in check
the Yankees who were passing on their retreat. I was sec-
ond lieutenant in Company G, 3d North Carolina Infantry,
at the time.
"About sunset on the 14th of June, 1863, Steuart's Brigade
was ordered on the march from around Winchester, where
it had been all day under shelling from the Yankee batteries.
It marched all night and went only about five or six miles,
halting every short distance until just at the crack of day
(the 3d North Carolona Infantry was at the head of the
column leading the brigade), when the crack of a rifle and
the whiz of a bullet' came over the head of the column, tell-
ing us that the Yanks were near. This aroused the boys!
quickly from their naps, lounging on the ground, rocks, etc.
^opfederat^ Ueterap.
IO =
lieutenant Colonel Parsley, commanding the 3d North Caro-
lina, threw the regiment a few paces out of the road into
; he woods for protection from the fire and changed front on
irst company, facing the direction the fire came from, and
dvanced his troops and took possession of a railroad cut
nd track which passed under the bridge about the center of
field two hundred yards wide at that point and one hundred
'•ards from the woods where the Yanks were. Company G
.nd the left company were ordered off to the left in a large
ipen field to meet a force of cavalry coming down on our
eft flank, which proved to be General Milroy and his staff
naking their escape by another road — and succeeded. Seeing
his, the two companies returned to the regiment, which was
hen in the railroad cut, and we had to pass under the bridge
.nd became engaged with the enemy just to the right of the
iridge on which was this battery. While the troops were
letting into position under fire over this field to the cut Gen.
Uleghany Johnson, commanding the division out in the field,
jnounted, with his walking cane in hand, exclaimed: 'Why in
he hell don't you open that battery?' As ammunition and
everything else was scarce in the Confederacy, I sat on the
iank watching the Yanks in the woods and told the boys to
hold their fire until they came out in the field, then give it
o them heavy.'
"This battle was known as Jordan's Spring. Though of
hort duration, it was decidedly very active on both sides,
tnd this regiment, as was its custom, was in the thickest of
:he fray supporting the guns. In this battle George Rouse,
if Company D, was killed, and Lieutenant Craig and others
vere wounded. Our position being in the railroad cut, we
vere in a great measure protected from the bullets. While
5teuart's Brigade and the guns on the bridge fought the bat-
le, a guard from the Stonewall Brigade was sent to Rich-
nond with more than twenty-five hundred prisoners, who had
hrown down their guns, and were highly commended for
rallantry, which praise belonged to this brigade.
Mr. Owens in his address says: 'After, being wounded I
:alled to the corporal to put another man in my place at the
runs and to get off the field. Fearing to be shot in the back,
[ ran from tree to tree until I reached the road in the rear
ust as the Stonewall Brigade came up in quick time, and I
called to General Walker to get his men to the front in
, louble-quick ; that the Yanks were pressing our left and
vould take our guns. My appeal was ignored. General
iValkcr saw that I was wounded and naturally thought I
vas demoralized ; but vindication came when one of General
'ohnson's aids came dashing down the road, and my request
,vas made an order, etc'
"Mr. Owens is mistaken as to the position of the troops
{ind the danger of the guns being captured, for the 3d North
j Carolina Infantry was in the cut supporting the guns. I could
,;ee the Yanks dodging behind the trees, and they did not
„ idvance much nearer than the edge of the woods, which was
about one hundred yards from us into the field, for our boys
loured the shot and shell into them heavy. The Stonewall
^rigade was sent around to the right to head off the Yanks,
. ;vho were trying to escape down the road, and about twenty-
ive hundred of them threw down their guns. I believe Jones's
3rigade was on the right of Steuart's Brigade. Lieut. John
A. Morgan, of the 1st North Carolina Infantry, rendered
■■ -aluable aid in handling the guns on the bridge when the
[ runners were killed" or wounded. He was as brave and noble
, i boy as ever drew sword, and his loss was greatly felt in
lis regiment, the 1st North Carolina Infantry."
ON THE MOVE.
BY ISAAC L. THOMAS, PLAINVIEW, TEX.
I served with the 25th Virginia Cavalry, made up princi-
pally in Lee and Scott Counties, Va. My company (B) was
commanded by Capt. Pat Lanier, and the commander of
Company D was Capt. Jim Lanier, his brother, now living
in Missouri. We did a great deal of service in the Valley
of Virginia east of Staunton with Early's Brigade, com-
manded by General Lomax. We were in the raid into Alary-
land and were then sent into the west part of the State to
recruit and get up stragglers, as our command was scattered,
and also guarded the route between North Carolina and East
Tennessee, as many were leaving these parts for Kentucky
to join the Federals. We got down as far as Bristol, Tenn.
Preparations were then being made for the battle at Chicka-
mauga, and they needed all the soldiers they could muster.
We were ordered in that direction. Our horses were put in
the cars and we on top to make the trip to Knoxville. We
had a tedious trip. The railroad was bad and the cars old
and worn, so repairs had to be made at nearly every station.
But there were plenty of watermelons on the depot platforms,
some of which found their way to us. We would eat the
heart out and then throw the rinds at the few section hands
along the road, who responded with rocks, which naturally
fell on the rear cars after we had passed. We hadn't run
very far till all the boys were crowded on the front cars.
Arriving at Knoxville, we were unloaded and went south
across the bridge on the Tennessee River, then went to Cleve-
land and ran the Yankees out of there the day the big battle
commenced at Chickamauga. Shortly after this General
Wheeler organized his raid through Tennessee to cut off the
Federal supplies, which they had to haul by wagon a good
distance. We crossed the Tennessee River at Cotton Fort,
east of Chattanooga. At McMinnville our regiment was in
front, and we captured a regiment of infantry and a large
quantity of supplies, as this was one of the Federal depots.
Another part of the army turned to Sequatchie Valley,
through which a large train of wagons was making for Chat-
tanooga. It was told that five hundred wagons were captured
and the contents destroyed.
General Hodges commanded our brigade on this raid. Our
next town was Shelbyville, but some of the army beat us to
it and captured a big supply of provisions, then went through
town and camped for the night. We had a considerable
fight the next morning and held the enemy in check. Then
we made for Murfreesboro, but did not take the town. There
was too much infantry, and General Wheeler's object was to
fight as little as possible. We tore up the railroad and burned
crossties. Again on the move, we got back across the Ten-
nessee River at Mussel Shoals, which we forded west of
Chattanooga where it is said to be three miles wide, with two
small islands. We reached a small place called White Plains,
Ala., and stayed there a few days, then were ordered back to
Virginia. We left Alabama by way of Georgia, South and
North Carolina to Wytheville. Va., then went east of New
River, where we were when Lee surrendered. Some of us
wanted to leave and go to join Johnston's army, but we were
overpersuaded by our officers and struck out for home, fear-
ing if we surrendered there the Yankees would take our
horses. We surrendered at Cumberland Gap and got our
paroles. I have mine yet.
I lived in Virginia till 1895, when I went to Corinth, Miss.;
and was there twenty-two years, then removed to Texas. I
should be glad to hear from any of my comrades.
io6
Qopfederat^ l/eterai>.
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*t*IAI*IAI*l*IAIAIAIAIAI*|«IAIAIAIAI*l«
Sketches in this department are given a half column of
space without charge; extra space will be charged for at 20
cents per line. Engravings, $3.00 each.
"Blare of the strident trumpet, roll of drum !
The while we listen stirring visions come ;
We see the glinting bayonet's cold flash
And hear the armies meet in cosmic clash.
Cased colors, muffled drums, the solemn dirge !
Across our souls the floods of sorrow surge ;
We see as in a dream the battle dead —
And God's stars smiling softly overhead !"
Gex. J. Fuller Lyon, U. C. V.
On Friday, November 5, 1920, there passed into the great
beyond the soul of Gen. J. Fuller Lyon, who died as he had
lived, a true soldier of Christ. He was born in Abbeville
County, S. C, on April 1, 1842.
Entering the Confederate service as a private in the 7th
South Carolina Infantry, he was soon made corporal and
was with this regiment in the battle of First Manassas. In
1862, after a spell of typhoid fever, he was discharged, as
his term of enlistment had expired. In the winter of 1862
he enlisted in Com-
pany H, of the 19th
South Carolina In-
fantry, was soon
made first lieutenant,
and was in all the
battles of the Army
of Tennessee from
Murfreesboro to At-
lanta, Ga., where he
lost his left arm on
July 28, 1864, after
recovering a wounded
comrade, his captain,
who had fallen under
fire. On the battle
field at Chickamauga
he was promoted for
gallantry. At all
times he rendered
distinguished service
and fought with
valor.
In the dark days
of Reconstruction in
South Carolina he did his full part in wresting the control
of his State from the hated scalawag, carpetbagger, and negro.
In this work he showed the same firm spirit that he did in
the front of the enemy in war.
General Lyon was an active worker in the United Confed-
erate Veterans, and at the time of his death was Adjutant
General of the Army of Northern Virginia, Brigadier Gen-
GEX. J. FULLER LYON, U. C. V.
eral commanding the First Brigade of South Carolina D;
vision, Commander of Camp Hampton, and Chairman of th
Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home, Columbi;
S. C.
In the passing of this good and blessed man the Methodi'i
Episcopal Church, South, has lost one of her most active lay
men. He had a wonderfully strong character and lived a
exemplary Christian life. He represented his Church in th;
General Conference at Richmond, Va., and for thirty year
he was Treasurer of the South Carolina Conference. Trul'
he was full of good works. He was also an active and
fluential Mason.
No braver or nobler comrade was among us. All wh
knew him mourn his departure. There is a vacant place ii
the hearts of his many friends and his loved ones which wr
never be filled.
General Lyon is survived by his widow and two sons b
his first marriage. His body was laid to rest in Metros
Cemetery, at Abbeville, S. C. The entire city turned out t
do honor to the memory of this good man.
''In an army of knights led by a knight none could ther
knightlier be;
In an army of patriots led by a patriot none more patrioti
than he ;
In his own South the stainless soldier lies.
He is not dead, for honor never dies."
Green Anderson Cox.
Green Anderson Cox, a soldier of the Army of 'Northen
Virginia, died on the 18th of November, 1920, while visitinj
his son in Scott County, Miss.
Comrade Cox was a courageous and valiant soldier of tin
Confederacy. He was born at Greensboro, Ala., on the 9tl
of April, 1836, the son of Charles H. and Jane E. Cox. Tin
family removed to Mississippi while he was very young, anc
their home was near Brandon. He enlisted in April, 1861
and became a member of the first company volunteering fron
Brandon and Rankin County, organized by Capt. Joe Jayne
and which soon became one of the units of the illustrious
18th Mississippi, commanded by Col. Joe Jayne, of Barks
dale's Brigade. He followed the fortunes of these com.
mands through the battles of Seven Pines, Seven Days arounc
Richmond, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Second Manassas
Sharpsburg, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Knoxville, and tin
Wilderness, where as Barksdale's Brigade with Longstreet'i
Corps came up in double-quick and rushed on to save th<
day he, being in the front rank, received a ball in his riglv
knee, crushing the bones and disabling him for further activi
service.
Green Anderson Cox was a most genial and companionabk
fellow soldier, and in peace, as in war, he was always happ)
in doing what he could for the welfare of his fellow mar
and his country. Five children survive him, four sons arc
a daughter. There are also four brothers surviving him, twe
in Texas and two in Mississippi, two of whom were mem-
bers of the Army of Tennessee through the four years of
eventful strife and surrendered with Gen. Joseph E. John-
ston.
Green Anderson was the eldest of his father's children, and
upon his father's death he assumed charge of the estate and
became a planter and one of the leading merchants of Bran-
don. He lived a long, useful, and upright life and left a
name honored by his fellow men. He sleeps beside his wife
in the Brandon Cemetery among many of his kindred and
friends.
Confederate l/eterai?.
107
Albert Stacey Caison.
1 Albert Stacey Caison, son of the late Cannon and Henrierte
;ssup Caison, was born in Fayetteville, N. C, on December
,), 1842, and died in Russellville, Ark., on December 1, 1920.
A short time before the beginning of the War between the
tates the family moved to Lenoir, N. C, and from this place
3th father and son entered the Confederate service. The
ither joined the first company of volunteers from the county,
le "Caldwell Rough and Ready Boys," afterwards Company
, 22d Regiment of North Carolina Troops. The son became
member of Company I, 26th Regiment of North Carolina
roops, and shared the fortunes of that famous regiment
itil he was wounded and captured on the third day of the
tttle of Gettysburg. He was taken to Fort McHenry and
ence to Fort Delaware, where for three months he suffered
1 the horrors of filth and vermin, besides the continual
lawings of hunger. On the 13th of October the Gettysburg
isoners were transferred to Point Lookout. Here he re-
ained for seventeen months, and to the hardships suffered
Fort Delaware were added cold and nakedness, the only
: [vantage being the luxury of bathing. He was paroled in
arch, 1865, and was at home just one month when he was
captured in his own yard by Stoneman's raiders as they
ssed through Lenoir. Although a paroled prisoner, he was
ken to Camp Chase, Ohio, where he was again imprisoned
r three months, he and a number of others refusing to take
e oath of allegiance to the United States government until
ey knew certainly that Kirby Smith was no ^longer holding
: t in the Southwest.
A short time after the close of the war he went West, as
many young men did at that time, and located in Jefferson
-ty, Mo., where he lived for many years, going finally to
-■kansas to be with his son, from whose home he passed
■ay.
1 While in Missouri Mr. Caison married Miss Virginia Mar-
1 ique, who, with his two sons, Dr. Albert Jessup Caison, of
issellville, Ark., and Mr. Edward Martinique Caison. of
1 isson, Colo., survive him. He is also survived by four
'ters in North Carolina. He was a loving husband, father,
d brother, a good citizen and a brave soldier. For many
Urs he was a member of the Episcopal Church, faithiul in
! endance on her services and sacraments, and was a mem-
-• of the vestry of Grace Church, Jefferson City, while he
ided there.
"The golden evening brightest in the west ;
Soon, soon to faithful warriors cometh rest ;
Sweet is the calm of paradise the blest."
Caleb P. Warren.
Taleb P. Warren died at his home, in Abilene, Tex., on Jan-
. • 17, 1921, at the age of eighty-two years. He enlisted in the
;t company of cavalry organized in his home county in
.kansas in the early spring of 1861. The company was in-
-ded for Borland's Regiment, but never joined it.
, Companies A, B, C, D, and E were detached and formed
1st Battalion of Arkansas Cavalry, commanded by Maj.
arles Pfifer. Corrjrade Warren and the writer belonged to
mpany E, and I was adjutant of the battalion. We were
- 1 sent to the Missouri border and were mustered into the
lfederate service at Pitman's Ferry, in Arkansas, and were
1 t into Kentucky. We spent the winter in Kentucky doing
post duty for General Hindman's legion. Part of the time
were with Morgan's men and part of it with Terry's
(as Rangers. The battalion was in the Shiloh battle, after
which I was discharged, commissioned a sta'ff officer, and sent
to the Trans-Mississippi Department with Gen. Dandridge
McRae. The battalion fought throughout the Georgia cam-
paign, when Sherman was "marching through Georgia."
Comrade Warren was a fine soldier, always ready to per-
form any duty; not only a fine soldier, but a true type of the
Southern gentleman. When the surrender came, there were
only a few of the old company left, and Comrade Warren
was one of them. He returned to Arkansas and did a mer-
cantile business for several years and in the eighties moved
to Abilene, Tex.
Only four members of the old company are left, three be-
sides myself, and I am in my eighty-seventh year.
[C. J. Hanks, Neshoba, Tenn.]
Alexander Coyner.
[From memorial resolutions passed on January 22, 1921, at
San Jose, Cal.]
Into the great beyond has passed another of our dear old
veterans, Mr. Alexander Coyner. And since it has pleased
our dear Father to call home to higher and greater work this
true soldier of the dear Southland, who was ever a kind and
noble friend, a just and loyal citizen, and a loving and de-
voted husband and father, be it resolved that in his passing
his family have sustained an irreparable loss, that the Gen.
John B. Gordon Chapter, U. D. C, has lost a true friend, and
that the entire community is the poorer because of the loss of
an honored and respected member.
Mr. Coyner was borp on March 1, 1840, near Waynesboro,
Va. He was one of the oldest of the thirteen children of
Martin and Annie Coyner. He attained his majority in 1S61
and, with his brother Charles (who passed away in 1912), en-
listed in Company E, 1st Virginia Cavalry, commanded by
Gen. J. E. B. Stuart. He took part in every large battle of
the Army of Northern Virginia, and on account of being a
good soldier and well mounted he was often called upon to
do scout duty and carry dispatches. At one time be served
as courier for Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. Although his posi-
tion there was much safer and easier, he asked to be returned
to his former company so as to be with his brother and com-
rades. He never surrendered, being at home wounded when
the war closed.
In 1867 he came to California and settled near Pleyto,
Monterey County, where he farmed for about forty years.
He was married in 1881 to Mrs. Mary Stover Koiner, of
Fishersville, Va. In 1913 he retired from active life, and
after an extensive trip throughout the East, visiting his peo-
ple and friends in Virginia, he made his home in San Jose,
Cal.
Mr. Coyner was possessed of an exceptionally peaceable
disposition and was most patient during his several years of
failing health. He is survived by three daughters, Erna M.
Pinkerton, Rena C. Keesling, and Eva B. Morovanni, his wife
having passed away in 1914. besides many relatives in the
East, among them four sisters and three brothers.
John H. Sneed.
John H. Sneed died on November 3, 1920, a veteran known
for his splendid war record, and no man ever left a better
record of citizenship. He entered the service of the Con-
federacy in October, 1862, at the age of nineteen, and served
the rest of the war, always able to report for duty. He en-
tered as a private and remained a private, being too bumble
and modest to accept an office had it been ever so earnestly
urged upon him. He served with Company C, 2d Tennessee
io8
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
Cavalry, Barton's Regiment. He was with Forrest at Fort
Pillow and remained with Forrest to the end. He was a de-
vout Christian, a stanch believer in the Baptist faith. He
loved the Confederacy and talked it to his last day. He was
the last member of a large family and was never married.
[E. D. Thomas.]
Maj. John L. Branch.
Maj. John L. Branch, who died at Cedartown, Ga., on
August 1, 1920, was born on February 25, 1835. His long
life had been a benediction to his kind. He was educated at
Mercer University, and at the age of twenty-one was grad-
uated from Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia. Dr.
Meigs, of national reputation, declared him "prepared to
practice medicine," and his skill in after years bore testimony
to his efficiency in medicine and surgery.
Volunteering as a soldier in Polk County, Ga., under Cap-
tain Borders, of the 21st
Georgia Infantry, he was
soon promoted from third
to second lieutenant. After
being in Virginia for nine
months, he resigned and
joined the 1st Georgia
Cavalry at Sparta, Tenn.
After this he was made
surgeon in the place of
Dr. Witcher, who was
killed in the desperate as-
sault on the courthouse in
Murfreesboro, and Dr.
Branch himself was in-
jured by a falling limb
while a wagon train was
being destroyed at Cass-
ville, Ga., under orders of
General Johnston. Re-
covering, he joined his regiment near Peachtree Creek and
helped to resist Sherman's advance.
The 1st Georgia Cavalry was ordered to follow General
Stoneman, who had been sent to release the Federal prisoners
at Andersonville. A battle was fought at Sunshine Church
with one hundred and eighty men of the 1st Georgia Cavalry
and one hundred and twenty men of the 3d Georgia, the
whole of Stoneman's command being captured.
General Hood, now in command, ordered Wheeler to go
through Tennessee and cut Sherman's lines of communication,
but Dr. Branch was not able to go along. In January, 1865,
he rejoined his regiment and went to Savannah and after-
wards to Charleston to be examined by the army medical
board, after which he was promoted to brigade surgeon of
Carolina and Georgia regiments. This brigade was contin-
ually attacking Sherman's flanks and showed its mettle, sur-
rendering at last at Greeensboro, N. C. In all this conflict
Dr. Branch was a true soldier, often under fire. He was of
heroic mold, coming of a stock possessing the qualities of
genuine manhood.
As a citizen of Polk County, Ga., Dr. Branch was always
prominent in its affairs. He had served as registrar and as
chairman of the board of commissioners and represented the
county in the legislature of 1890-91.
While at college at Penfield, Ga., Dr. Branch joined the
baptist Church, and he served as deacon in the Cedartown
Church for sixty years. He was twice married. Two sons
rnd a daughter survive him.
J. L. BRANCH.
Capt. Frank Gaiennie.
Capt. Frank Gaiennie, a prominent Confederate veteran o
St. Louis, Mo., died in that city on February 8 at the agi
of eighty years. He was born in New Orleans, La., and wen 1
to St. Louis in 1873. At one time he was President of th.
Merchants' Exchange and had been a member of the organi
zation for nearly fifty years. He was President and alsi
manager of the St. Louis Exposition, and he also served a
police commissioner during the administration of Governo
Marmaduke.
The birthplace of Captain Gaiennie in New Orleans was a
the corner of Gaiennie and Tchoupitoulas Streets, the forme
having been named for his grandfather, who came to thi
country from France in 1739 and was among the early Frencl
residents of New Orleans.
Enlisting as a private in the Confederate army at the be
ginning of the War between the States, Comrade Gaienni
served throughout the struggle, and at the close was a firs
lieutenant in Company G, 3d Regiment of Louisiana Volun
teers. He was in all the battles of the Trans-Mississippi De
partment and was captured during the siege of Vicksburg.
He was always prominent in celebrations of Confederat
veterans. He was one of the incorporators of the Confeder
ate Home at Higginsville, Mo., and served as Secretary o
the Board of Managers. He was also one of the originator:
of the Veiled Prophet organization.
Captain Gaiennie and his wife celebrated their golden wed
ding anniversary in February, 1920. He is survived by hi;
wife and five of their seven children — two daughters am
three sons. One of- his sons, Louis Rene Gaiennie, wa;
awarded the Congressional medal of honor for his service:
with the Marine Corps during the siege of Pekin.
Thomas Jefferson Worthy.
Thomas Jefferson Worthy passed away at his home,
Alexander City, Ala., on November 13, 1919. He was bon
at Chester, S. C, in 1839. The family removed to Talla
poosa, County, Ala., when he was but a small child, and h
resided in this county until his death. He was married i
Miss Ellen Thompson on May 14, 1865. Seven children sur
vive him, one having
preceded
years to
home.
It was
Comrade
him many
the eternal
the lot of
Worthy to
reach a ripe old age.
He lived long, he
lived well ; he died in
the hope of the gos-
pel ; he rests well.
He was a good citi-
zen, a loyal patriot,
and a brave soldier,
ranking as captain of
Company C, 6th Ala-
bama Cavalry, in the
War between the
States. He fought in
the battles of Look-
out ■ Mountain and
Atlanta, and for more
than a hundred days the saddle was never off his horse ex
cept to rearrange the blanket. He was a true man, simple ii
CAPTAIN WORTHY AND GRANDCHILDREN
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
109
ass and deportment, dignified in bearing. The transparency
his life and the genuineness of his character, together with
.sincere friendliness and a keen appreciation, drew people to
n ; hence the devotion of his neighbors and friends. As a
sband and father he was the object of high esteem and of
ider and profound affection, the unfailing tribute of his
voted wife and children to his untiring fidelity and love.
Thomas Worthy was a devoted member of the Alexander
ty Baptist Church, an exemplary Christian, holding a warm
ice in the hearts of his brethren.
if^~X
>3* %v '■'
;i v ' 'it
si
m
. :
" 1
IflL''
Capt. J. K. Fisher.
Capt. J. K. Fisher, a member of Sterling Price Camp, U.
V., of Fresno, Cal.,
led in that city on Feb-
iary 12, 1920, at the age
eighty years. He was
native of Tennessee and
I listed in the Confeder-
e army when twenty-
te years of age. serving
■ a captain in the regi-
frent commanded by Col.
. >hn H. Savage, the 16th
ennessee Infantry.
, Captain Fisher was a
LDod citizen of his
ilopted State, a kind and
Tectionate husband, a
lithful friend, and a
iyal son of the South.
!is wife survives him.
J. K. FISHER.
Capt. James S. Hill.
Capt. James S. Hill, veteran river man of St. Charles, Mo.,
id a veteran of the Confederacy, died in that city on Oc-
ber 8, 1920, after a short illness. He was born in Carroll
Dunty, Mo., on November 21, 1841. His parents went to that
itate from Ohio in 1837, built a log hut, and engaged in farm-
-g; but in 1857 the farm was traded for an interest in the
eamboat Minnehaha, and at the age of sixteen James Hill
:gan learning to be a pilot on this boat. When the War
;tween the States came on, he answered the call of Governor
tckson and enlisted in the Confederate army, serving under
terling Price as a member of Brewster's company, C, 1st
egiment of Cavalry, Col. Ben T. Reeves, of the 4th Division,
immanded by General Slack. His father also volunteered
I the age of fifty and became quartermaster of the same di-
■ sion with the rank of colonel. He was captured at Black-
later in 1861 and sent to Gratiot Prison, where he died in
'muary, 1862.
Captain Hill fought in the battles of Carthage, Wilson's
reek, Lexington, Lone Jack, Pea Ridge, and Helena. He
as taken prisoner in 1862 and paroled and again became a
lot in 1863. He aided nine Confederate prisoners to escape
•om his boat on its way to St. Louis by dressing them in
vilian clothes and landing them by night.
After the war Captain Hill continued his work as pilot on
le Missouri River until 1884, then was a watchman for the
/abash Railroad on the St. Charles bridge until 1916.
He was married in 1862 to Miss Lucretia Baker, daughter
E Capt. Barton Baker. Three sons and a daughter survive
m.
Reuben A. Clatterbuck. '
The following is taken from the memorial tribute of the
committee appointed by Camp A. P. Hill, No. 2, U. C. V., of
Hume, Fauquier County, Va. :
"Comrade Reuben A. Clatterbuck. a member of this Camp
in good standing, was the victim of an automobile accident
near Culpeper last September and died at the hospital in
Charlottesville. He enlisted on March 2, 1862, in Company
B, 13th Virginia Infantry, and served with this command until
the surrender at Appomattox. He was with Jackson in the
Valley campaign and in all the battles of the Army of North-
ern Virginia except Cedar Mountain, having been wounded at
Gaines's Mill. He rejoined his command at Second Manassas.
"Within a week of his death he was to have become a mem-
ber of the Salem Baptist Church, in this county. Through
his honest dealings with all men and his trust in God he won
his reward in the hereafter, and his pension will be continued
in blessings evermore in heaven. 'The brightest gem in a
nation's coronet is the ashes of its heroic dead.' Every Con-
federate veteran who honestly wore the gray, as did he, and
passes life to death adds a priceless gem to the Southland's
coronet."
[J. M. Beckham and W. D. Colvin.]
William Henry Mims.
In the death of William H. Mims on the 6th of December,
1920, one of the most highly respected and valuable citizens
of Laredo, Tex., has been lost to that community, of which
he had been a resident for thirty-one years.
Comrade Mims was a native of Tippah County. Miss.,
where he was born December 18, 1840. He was reared and
educated in Columbus, Ga., and when the war came on in
1861 he went out as a
member of the City
Light Guards of Colum-
bus, which later became
Company A, 2d Inde-
pendent Battalion of In-
fantry, of Wright's Bri-
gade. Anderson's Di-
vision, A. P. Hill's
corps, and participated
in many of the big bat-
tles of the war. He re-
mained to the end, sur-
rendering with General
Lee at Appomattox.
Returning home, he
became one of those
who gave the best that
was in them to building
up their ruined country.
He was married in
Uniontown, Ala., to
Miss Annie Royle, and his wife survives with two sons.
Comrade Mims was a member of the Knights Templar,
Masons, and Elks, in all of which orders he held offices of
the highest trust. He retired from business some six years
ago on account of failing health, known always for his in-
tegrity and fair dealing and with countless friends. He was
also a member of the Methodist Church. The funeral was
conducted by the Masonic Lodge, and he was laid to rest in
the Masonic plot in the City Cemetery.
W. H. MIMS.
■no
Qoi>federat^ l/efcerap.
Capt. James R. Rogers.
In the flight of time and lest we forget the ties of com-
radeship that bind us together as with cords of steel, I will
recite briefly the history of one whose life was so charmingly
endeared to his fellow citizens of to-day and comrades of the
dark and perilous hours of the past — Capt. James R. Rogers,
a man of impress, of lofty mien, and knightly bearing, a
splendid specimen of Kentucky manhood and chivalry. He
was born on December 13, 1840. and died December 31, 1920,
at his old home, Glenwood, where he was born and lived
his life.
This dear friend and comrade was buried in his Confed-
erate uniform, at his request, in the Paris Cemetery besida
his noble father and sainted mother (whom he always spoke
of as "my mammy" ) near by and close to the foot of the Con-
federate monument, he so dearly loved and beneath the
shadows of which he had helped to lay a number of his old
comrades, often officiating at these sad ceremonies. This was
the place he preferred of all others as his last resting place.
Captain Rogers was a graduate of Bethany College and
was known as Bourbon County's historian, author of "The.
Caneridge Meetinghouse," a Christian gentleman, a true and
noble friend, a splendid specimen of the Kentucky nobleman
of the past. His home. Glenwood, was a Mecca for the Con-
federate soldiers and the members of the Masonic fra-
ternity, in which he had held many prominent positions and
by whom he was buried. He enlisted in the Confederate
army in October, 1861, as a private and was promoted to
lieutenant and adjutant of the 3d Battalion of Kentucky Cav-
alry, Col. E. F. Clay. He served under Generals Preston,
Marshall, and Morgan, and surrendered at Mount Sterling,
Ky., on May 30, 1865. He was Commander of the First Bri-
gade of Confederate Veterans, Kentucky Division, U. C. V.,
and a member of John Morgan Camp, No. 95, of Paris, Ky.
Thus has passed another of the heroes of the sixties. Alas,
how few are left !
[His friend and comrade, L. D. Young.]
Lovd Cecil.
[From resolutions passed by Leonidas Polk Bivouac and
William H. Trousdale Camp, U. C. V., of Columbia, Tenn.]
Comrade Loyd Cecil was born at Muncie, Ind., on August
24, 1833, and died at Cross Bridges, in Maury County, Tenn.,
on November 1, 1920. His parents had removed to that county
in Tennessee when he was six years old.
Though of frail constitution, he enlisted for the South
in 1861, joining Company E, 1st Tennessee Cavalry, with
which he remained during the war. He held the responsible
and exacting position of forage master, which he tilled satis-
factorily. While not required to line up with his company.
yet if present when his company was engaged he grabbed his
gun and kept in the front rank of the foremost. In the bat-
tle of Franklin his horse was shot from under him, and he
was captured and taken to prison. Nothing was heard from
him for three months, and he was mourned as lost in the
battle. But he was exchanged at last and returned home to
get him a horse and some clothing. His father's home was in
the Federal lines, but he got there in safety, and, with sup-
plies for his comrades, he safely returned to his command
and was paroled with his company and regiment at Charlotte.
N. C, on May 3, 1865. With the energy that always charac-
terized his actions, he went back to the farm, and by his ef-
forts won success.
Comrade Cecil was a charitable citizen and dispensed his
benefactions in an unostentatious way. Many worthy girl
were helped to get an education through his kindly help. A
a Church member he shone as a guiding star, being a meir
ber of the Methodist Church at Cross Bridges, which he ha
helped to build and maintain, and he was laid to rest in it
cemetery. Confederate comrades, members of the Bivoua
and Camp, were the honorary pallbearers.
In 1868 Comrade Cecil was married to Miss Jennie Portei
of Maury County, and of their five children a son and
daughter survive him. He died as he had lived, a Christia
gentleman.
[Committee: J. L. Jones and B. G. Walker.]
T. J. Brown.
T. J. Brown was born in Blount County, Ala., on Februar
3, 1842, and died at Jonesboro, La., on January 15, 1921. Hi
father removed to Louisiana when T. J. Brown was quit
young, and when the war broke out between the States hi
enlisted from that State. He went to Virginia in 1862 ant
served with honor until the close, taking part in a number o
battles. He was wounded once.
After the war he returned to his native State and then
married Miss Sarah Lowery, who survives him with a so
and daughter.
Comrade Brown lived an honorable Christian life. Hi
joined the Baptist Church when young and lived by its pre-
cepts.
[J. T. McBride, Sr.]
Samuel R. Clark.
After a long illness, Samuel Reuben Clark died at his homej
in Hephzibah, Ga., on December 9, 1920, at the age of seventy]
six years. He was one of the most highly respected and best I
beloved citizens of Richmond County and one of that gaf-l
lant band of heroes of the sixties. He entered the Confed-I
erate arm}- in April, 1862, and served in the 12th Georgisj
Battalion under Capt]
George Hood (Henn
Capers, lieutenant colo-
nel), of Evans's Bri-
gade, Gordon's Division
Early's Corps. He lost
a leg at Monocacyl
Junction, July 12, 1864,
and was in the hospital
at Fredericksburg six]
weeks, then in the Bal-
timore hospital for fourj
weeks. On the field of)
battle he was a soldier
and in civil life he wasj
always found champion- j
ing the right as he saw I
it. and he passed away
bearing a name and rep-l
utation for the highest
honesty and integrity
among his fellow men.
He is survived by three sons and two daughters, a sister, 1
and eleven grandchildren.
Comrade Clark was a member of Camp 435, U. C. V. ! •
was laid to rest in the Brothersville Cemetery.
s. R. CLARK.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
nr
Dr. R. T. Minor.
)r. R. T. Minor, son of William W. and Mary W. Minor.
, ; born at Gale Hill, the family home, near Charlottesville,
\ . on January 16, 1844. and died at his home, in Lesterville,
I ., on February 11, 1921. He attended private schools in
/ iemarle County, Va., till February, 1861, when he volun-
I -ed as a private in Company H, 57th Virginia Infantry,
i nistead's Brigade, Pickett's Division. Army of Northern
* ginia, and participated in the Seven Days' Battles around
I hmond. He was transferred in July, 1862, to Company K.
: Virginia Cavalry, Wickham's Brigade. Fitz Lee's division,
[ I he bore his part most gallantly in all the actions and
I i-ice in which his command was engaged until the end of
: war.
ieturning home, he entered the University of Virginia as
ijtudent of medicine in October, 1865, completing the course
;. 1 receiving his degree of M.D. in June, 1867. After work-
I a few years on his father's farm, he began the practice
: his profession near Charleston, W. Va., but soon removed
! Missouri, where he spent the rest of his life in the active
' ctice of medicine for a few years at Annapolis, Iron
'. unty, and for over thirty years at Lesterville, Reynolds
; unty. In 1915 he was most happily married to Miss Floy
I'ine, of Lesterville, and continued his residence and practice
: re till incapacitated by ill health.
fjr. Minor was a man of fine natural ability and gifted with
i : .nost genial and attractive personality, which made him
i.ny warm friends in his wide circle of acquaintances. Al-
j ys ready to respond to the call of the poor and needy with-
h. regard to remuneration, he died a poor man, but univer-
ly loved and respected as a skilled physician, most loyal
II faithful friend, and upright Christian gentleman. He is
vived by his beloved wife, three brothers, and three sisters.
"W. W. Minor, Charlottesville, Va.]
-„ Members of Camp John M. Brady.
-The following losses in the membership of Camp John M.
fady, No. 352, U. C. V.. at Louisville, Miss., have been re-
nted by Adjutant J. Pink Cagle : John F. Hopkins, Com-
: iy I, 35th Georgia Regiment; Jack Stark, Company D.
rrine's Regiment of Cavalry; Maj. O. C. Watson, 35th Mis-
ppi; W. F. Bell, Mabry's Brigade of Cavalry; Robert
mpton, Company G, 20th Mississippi; J. B. Hanna, Com-
'iy D, Perrine's Regiment of Cavalry ; H. L. W. Hathon,
'h Mississippi; W. H. Richardson, 14th Mississippi; R. L.
! ?bb, 5th Mississippi.
Members of Camp Lomax, Montgomery, Ala.
;.'omrade George W. Hails reports the list of deaths in
.mp Lomax during 1920, as follows : F. H. Merritt, Com-
ly G, 3d Kentucky Cavalry ; Albert Taylor, Company B,
Alabama Cavalry; Benjamin Trice, Company I, 3d Ala-
na Regiment; James N. Gilmer, adjutant 60th Alabama
giment ; C. C. Baker, Company F, 60th Alabama Regiment ;
M. Penn, Company C, 3d Alabama Regiment ; D. P.
Tin, Company K, 2d Alabama Cavalry; A. P. Wilson, Com-
ly K, 2d Alabama Cavalry.
Robert M. Wixx.
Robert M. Winn, a Confederate veteran of Hugo, Okla.,
d there on January 22, 1921, at the age of seventy-four
irs. He was born near Batesville, Ark., and enlisted in the
nfederate army at the age of seventeen, fighting under
elby. After the war he lived for many years in Johnson
unty, Ark. In 1906 he removed to Muskogee, Okla., where
1/
he lived for three years, and later to Kansas City, Mo. Re-
turning to Oklahoma, he had lived at Hugo since 1914. He is
survived by his wife, two sons, and five daughters.
His comrades, members of the Tige Cabell Camp, U. C. V..
of Hugo, were honorary pallbearers at the burial.
James A. Fishburn.
W. H. Tinsley, of Salem, Va., reports the death of James
A. Fishburn at his home, in Roanoke, Va., on the 2d of Jan-
uary, 1921, at the age of eighty-one years. Although a Vir-
ginian, he was living in Texas when the war came on and
joined Company F, of the 4th Texas Regiment, Hood's Bri-
gade, and surrendered with his command at Appomattox.
Comrade Fishburn was always loyal to the principles for
which he had fought. He is survived by six children, who
are a credit to their rearing.
Comrades at Paris, Texx. — In the list of deaths at Paris,
Tenn., page 68 of the February Veteran, the service of A.
C. Trousdale should have been given as with Company A,
5th Tennessee Infantry, and that of W. A. Hill 'was with
Company D. 19th Mississippi Regiment.
A HERITAGE OF LOYALTY.
Some months ago W. M. Everhart, of Waterford, Va., sent
three years' renewal of subscription and wrote ; "My mother
'crossed over' on the 6th of June, 1915. Then my father kept
the paper coming in her name until he, too, went to join his
comrades 'across the river.' He died June 25, 1918. My
father, G. F. Everhart, joined the 35th Battalion of Virginia
Cavalry, commanded by Col. E. V. White, on January 3,
1862, and served with that command until Appomattox. He
was the last orderly sergeant of his company, A, 35th Bat-
talion of Virginia Cavalry. He was twice wounded, severely
in the battle of the Wilderness and slightly at High Bridge
just before the surrender. He was a prisoner in Fort Dela-
ware for three months. After the war he went to work and
succeeded in laying by quite a competence. He attended all
the Reunions up to and including the one at Birmingham,
Ala., and greatly enjoyed them all. He loved to talk of the
days of the sixties. I had the good fortune to accompany
him to most of these places, and I, too, look back with pleas-
ure to those trips. I have yet to be sorry that I am the son
of a Confederate soldier. Father was a consistent member
of the Baptist Church for over twenty-five years. My
mother's only brother was Capt. F. M. Myers, commanding
Company A, 35th Virginia Battalion. So you see I am South-
ern all through."
In sending order for subscription J. B. Webster writes
from Marlin, Wash. : "As I was but eleven when the War
between the States began, I was not a soldier; but my five
brothers were in the Confederate army, and my heart is with
that first Belgium. Four of my brothers — Corydon J., Thomas
F., James S., and Andrew — were transferred to the ordnance
department and located at Tyler, Tex., where they remained
till the close of the war; the other, J. M. Webster, was with
the Missouri Volunteers. Taps was sounded for all of them
except James S., who now lives in Texas, and whom I have
never seen since that day in March, 1862, when he rode away
to join Price at Cross Hollows, sixteen miles north of
where we lived. * * * On my last visit to the South I
attended the fifth Reunion of the Confederate Veterans at
Houston, Tex., and I surely did enjoy every minute of it."
112
Qopfederat^ l/efcerai).
"Qniteb ^Daughters of tbe Confederacy
"^ow 9/faJires V//emory Stoma/ "
Mrs. Roy W. McKinney, President General
Paducah, Ky.
Mrs, Alice Baxter, Atlanta, Ga First Vice President General
Mrs. BenN£TT D. Bell, Nashville, Tcnn Second Vice President General
M rs. R. P. Holt, Rocky Mount, N. C Third Vice President General
Mrs. R. D. Wright, Newherrv, S. C Recording Secretary General
Mrs. \V. E. R. Byrnes, Charleston, YV. Va Cor, Secretary General
Mrs. Amos Nor r is, Tampa, Fla Treasurer Gene
Mrs. A. A. Campbell, Wytheville, Va Historian Gene
Mrs. Fannie R. Williams, Newton, N. C Registrar Gent
Mrs. William D. Mason, Philadelphia, Pa Custodian of Cros
Mrs. J. H. Crenshaw, Montgomery, Ala Custodian Flags and Penna
[All communications for this department should be sent direct to Mrs. A. B. White, Official Editor, Paris, Tenn.]
FROM THE PRESIDENT GENERAL.
To the United Daughters of the Confederacy: The next
three months mark the best time for constructive work during
the year, since June 1 brings summer inactivity, followed by
the rush of convention preparation, which leaves but few
working days to tbe applied to the objects to which we are
pledged. With proper cooperation it will be possible to finish
three tasks by June 1, an accomplishment that will open new
avenues of service following the St. Louis convention. This
is greatly to be desired, and my appeal is to the individual
Daughter to assume a personal responsibility, for the in-
dividual obligation is the strongest force upon which we
have to depend. With this definite purpose it will be possible
to push to completion the Hero Fund, the book, "Southern
Women in War Times," and the Jefferson Davis monument
at his birthplace in Kentucky.
Mrs. Joseph T. Beal, Treasurer of the Hero Fund, has
issued a statement, and from it may be seen that only a few
Divisions have attained the honor roll. The individual Chap-
ter can accomplish this for the Division, as illustrated by the
cases of Maryland and the District of Columbia. Maryland's
quota is $920, and Baltimore Chapter has given $1,405; the
District of Columbia's quota of $920 is overpaid to the amount
of $504.08 because of a generous gift of $909.33 from the
Robert E. Lee Chapter of the Division ; and Philadelphia
Chapter of 135 members, with a quota of $153.22, has paid
$1,549.29. Illinois. Massachusetts. Ohio. Oklahoma, and
Washington have also overpaid the quota, and South Caro-
lina, West Virginia, and New York have paid in full. Care-
fully review this report which follows :
Alabama Division : Members, 2,600 ; quota, $2,990 ; paid.
$1,619.63; balance due. $1,370.37.
Arkansas Division : Members, 2,000 ; quota, $2,300 ; paid.
$1,345.50; balance due, $954.50.
Arizona Division ; Members, 25 ; quota, $28.75 ; paid, $4 ;
balance due, $24.75.
California Division: Members, 1,500: quota, $1,725; paid.
$764.05 ; balance due, $960.95.
Colorado Division: Members. 200; quota, $230; paid. $71.80;
balance due, $158.20.
District of Columbia Division : Members, 800 ; quota, $920 ;
paid. $1,424.08.
Florida Division : Members. 2,000 ; quota, $2,300 ; paid.
$797.08; balance due, $1,502.92.
Georgia Division : Members, 5.000 ; quota, $5,750 ; paid, $2,-
911.31; balance due. $2,838.69.
Illinois Division: Members, 120; quota, $138; paid, $175.12.
Indiana Division: Members, 50; quota, $57.50; paid, $5;
balance due, $52.50.
Kansas Division: Members, 20; quota, $23; paid, nothing;
balance due, $23.
Kentucky Division: Members. 2.000: quota, $2,300; pa
$503.87; balance due, $1,796.13.
Louisiana Division: Members, 1,500; quota, $1,725; pa
$775.63; balance due, $949.37.
Maryland Division: Members. 800; quota. $920; paid, S
405.
Massachusetts Division: Members, 45; quota, $51.75; pa
$55.
Minnesota Division: Members. 36; quota, $41.40; paid. $1
balance due. $29.40.
Mississippi Division: Members, 1,000; quota, $1,150; pa
S282.20; balance due. $867.80.
Missouri Division: Members, 2,500; quota, $2,875; pa
$1,342.75; balance due. $1,532.25.
New Mexico Division, paid $16.
New York Division : Members, 500 ; quota, $575 ; paid, $5
North Carolina Division : Members, 4,000 ; quota, $4,6C
paid, $1,662.34; balance due, $2,937.66.
Ohio Division: Members, 200; quota, $230; paid, $710.03
Oklahoma Division: Members, 600; quota, $690; paid, $7'.
Oregon Division: Members, 50; quota, $57.50; paid, 5
balance due, $55.50.
Philadelphia Chapter: Members, 135; quota, $153.22; pa
$1,549.29.
Pittsburgh Chapter: Members. 40; quota, $46; paid. $29.1
balance due. $16.85.
South Carolina Division : Members. 4.000 ; quota, $4,60
paid, $4,600.
Tennessee Division : Members, 2,500 ; quota, $2,875 ; pa
$152.60; balance due, $2,722.40.
Texas Division : Members, 2.500 ; quota. $2 S75 ; paid, a
023.83; balance due. $851.17.
Utah Division: Members, 15; quota, $17.25; paid, nothin,
balance due. $17.25.
Virginia Division : Members, 6,400 : quota, $7,360 ; pai
$1,109.81 ; balance due, $6,250.19.
Washington Division: Members, 88; quota. $101.20; pai|
$276.09.
West Virginia Division: Members. 1.200; quota, $1,33'
paid, $1,380.
Will not every interested member give some assistance
this effort to finish our memorial? Liberty bonds are a
cepted at par for this fund, which gives an advantage to t!
Chapters during this time when they can be bought at tl
low price.
The Book. — Mrs. Eugene B. Glenn, 41 Starnes Avenu
Asheville, N. C, is Chairman of the Committee on Public!
and Distribution of "Southern Women in War Times." SI
will send to each Division President and Director a plan (
work, and I earnestly urge you to support the enthusia-t
efforts of this committee to finish our obligation. For wu
Qogfederat^ l/eterai).
i '3
■ ler achievement can we hope than that of "establishing
^ar understanding of what our fathers and mothers rep-
lted in those years of strife"? This book affords us the
irtunity ; we cannot wisely let it slip through our fingers.
le Monument. — I am informed that a generous Southerner
made provision for the last $2,000 necessary for the coin-
on of the monument to Jefferson Davis at his birthplace
•Kentucky, provided the residue of the required funds is
5 red in a given number of months. The pledge made by
' U. D. C. is twenty-five cents per capita, and the one
e by the veterans at Houston, that each Camp there rep-
lted would collect and send $25 from their home county,
complete the amount and insure the payment of the
)0. Can we afford to let such an opportunity pass?
ake these three enterprises, quivering on the verge of
jletion, your first consideration during March. April, and
. If we do our best, the way is easy.
te Maury Monument. — The Asheville convention indorsed
Maury Monument Association's plan to build a monu-
: in Richmond, Va., to honor the memory of Matthew
! aine Maury. The U. D. C. pledged its support to the
;ure and decided that the work should be conducted after
manner of the Shiloh and Arlington monuments. This
ssitates each Division President selecting a Director whose
';• should be sent to the President General for appoint-
Up to this time only two Division Presidents have
1 titted names. Mrs. C. Felix Harvey will be the North
ilina Director, and Miss Agnes Person, of Orlando, Fla.,
serve Florida. The committee representing the U. D. C.
Trs. Frank Anthony Walke. Norfolk. Va., Chairman;
•! J. B. Doan, Cincinnati, Ohio ; and Mrs. Henry London,
.boro, N. C.
crology. — On December 2 our organization lost a faithful
["ber when Mrs. Virginia Sanders Scales died at her home
tarkville, Miss. Mrs. Scales was a member of the Com-
le on the Jefferson Davis National Highway, and her
'; on this committee will be carried forward by her
in. Miss Louise Sanders.
poking forward to the report of work well done during
text three months, and with the hope it will measure up
te standard of our possibilities, cordially.
May M. Faris McKixxev.
If any Division has a better plan than this, please send
\\ in, for we are anxious to place before the U. D. C. the
best possible way of preserving and making available our
historical material.
U. D. C. NOTES.
e are sorry that the Historians did not respond to the in-
ion to publish their plans for preserving and using the
'rical papers collected by the Chapters and Divisions. It
s very important that this material should be accessible
le public.
le following is the plan adopted bp the South Carolina
*ion at the convention last December:
o purchase a bookcase large enough to accommodate all
.s and historical papers owned by the Division and place
, the library of the South Carolina University. (When the
rian there learned that the case was to be the depository
iriginal historical papers, he was enthusiastic, nothing
)
'o have the most valuable papers, those containing original
. 'rial, typed and placed in ring binders of uniform size
i put in the bookcase, where all persons seeking for light
he Confederate period may have easy access to what has
, gathered.
E o compile a Division scrapbook every year, and these
able books to find a home in the same place."
DIVISION NOTES.
Alabama. — The Electra Semmes Colston Chapter, of Mobile,
had the pleasure of entertaining the Confederate veterans and
members of the G. A. R. Post at a beautiful entertainment
at the Cawthorn Hotel on January 19. in celebration of the
birthday of Gen. Robert E. Lee. Every number of the pro-
gram, especially the sweet music, was enjoyed by the large
crowd present. At the conclusion of the program delicious
refreshments were served by the Daughters.
The William Henry Forney Chapter held most appropriate
exercises on Lee Day with the magnetic orator. Dr. Frank
Willis Barnett, as chief speaker. Mrs. Joseph Aderhold,
Chapter President, welcomed the student body and told why
the Chapter celebrates the 19th of January, paying tribute to
General Lee and Stonewall Jackson on the same date'. "Bon-
nie Blue Flag," "Love's Old Sweet Song." and "We Love
You Still in Dixie" were much enjoyed. Memorial hour was
conducted in a beautiful manner by Mrs. L. S. Anderson,
widow of Gen. "Tige" Anderson, whose memory is revered
by the veterans. The luncheon table was bright with brilliant-
hued nasturtiums and loaded with good things to eat. Many
bright toasts were given. Many students, Daughters, and
veterans from Anniston, Jacksonville, and Oxford enjoyed the
happy occasion.
The United Daughters of the Confederacy of Birmingham
and suburbs joined in celebrating Robert E. Lee's birthday,
in which all veterans were invited to participate, using the
comfortable rooms of the Boys' Club, where Camp Hardee
holds its meetings. Judge J. T. Garretson, of Camp Hardee,
was chairman and carried out a very pleasing program.
Owing to the sudden death of Mr. George Chambers, who
had been appointed program chairman of this gathering, the
program had to be changed, and a feeling of sadness at the
going away of this popular veteran pervaded the exercises.
As the speaker of the day was absent. Judge Garretson called
on some present for impromptu talks. Dr. O. T. Dozier made
a thrilling and interesting talk on Dan Emmett and "Dixie."
which was followed by the singing of "Dixie" with much
feeling. Mr. William E. Yancey gave a eulogy of General
Lee, after which were sungnhe dear old Confederate songs
that never fail to thrill and inspire in these days as they did
in the sixties. A most interesting article on the mother of
General Lee was read by Mr. Joseph A. Jones, after which
the meeting was turned over to the Daughters, who served
the delicious refreshments furnished by the Wilcox Chapter.
North Carolina. — This Division has been very active since
the conventions in the fall. November is the month espe-
cially selected for donations of canned goods, jellies, pre-
serves, etc.. for the Confederate Woman's Home at Fayette-
ville and the Veterans' Home at Raleigh ; so the Chapters
were busy collecting and packing boxes to be sent. The su-
perintendents report the contributions as most generous. The
members of the two Homes were well remembered at Christ-
mas, many gifts being sent individually, besides the contribu-
tions of fruit, candy, and other good things that add to the
joy of the Yuletide season. The Children's Chapters in the
respective towns in which the Homes are located played Santa
Claus, having a Christmas tree beautifully decorated and giv-
ing pleasing Christmas programs.
H4
Qoofederat^ l/eterai).
The 19th of January was universally observed in the State,
the day being a legal holiday. Many and varied were the meet-
ings held and entertainments given by the Chapters in observ-
ance of the anniversary of the births of the world's greatest
warriors and the South's greatest generals, Lee and Jackson.
On Sunday preceding the 19th in the churches throughout
the State the favorite hymns of these two honored generals
were sung.
The Johnson-Pettigrew Chapter held a meeting to honor
the memory of Generals Lee and Jackson in the House of
Representatives, with Senator W. H. S. Burgwyn as orator.
The presentation of crosses of honor to Confederate veterans
by Col. F. A. Olds and the presentation of a wreath by the
senior class of St. Mary's featured the exercises. This wreath
was presented as a memorial to General Lee on account of
the close connection between St. Mary's and the Lee family,
as Mildred Lee was partly educated there. Also during the
war Jefferson Davis and his family refugeed there. It was
stated that the St. Mary's girls stood as a body for increased
pensions and appropriations for the Home. The wreath will
be sent immediately to Lexington to be placed on the grave
of General Lee. A Confederate flag, to be hung in the chapel
at the Confederate Home, was presented by Miss Sarah Den-
son. The money with which the flag was bought was won
by Miss Denson as first prize for the best cover design for
a number of Everywoman's Magazine. This cover repre-
sented a photograph of Miss Denson dressed in an old-fash-
ioned gown of the sixties, holding a doll which had come
through a blockade in the war, and with a Confederate flag
which had flown at Harper's Ferry and in other hard-fought
engagements as a background. This picture was reproduced in
colors and shown at the Confederate Reunion held in Wash-
ington in 1917. Miss Denson is the granddaughter of Gen.
William Saunders, who was on Gen. Wade Hampton's staff
and commanded Manly's Battery, and she is the great-grand-
daughter of the Judge Romulus Saunders who was Minister
to Spain under Polk. The flag was accepted by Mrs. Henry
London, President of the Johnson-Pettigrew Chapter, who
said it would mean more to the veterans than any other flag
at the Home, as it represented the love and the visits of the
children of Manly's Battery which had brightened their lives.
She invited the members of the legislature to visit the Home
and to see its condition and its needs. The music was ren-
dered by the orchestra of the State School for the Blind.
Comrade Wiley Johnson gave a fife solo, and the Adrian
Quartet sang "Tenting To-Night" and "Suwanec River."
"Dixie" was sung by a chorus.
The memorial services in honor of General Lee and General
Jackson under the auspices of the J. E. B. Stuart Chapter of
Fayetteville were unusually fine and attracted a large and
appreciative audienoe, the exercises being held at the Meth-
odist church. The sweet and inspiring music was furnished
by the fine band of the 21st Regiment of Field Artillery of
Camp Bragg. A pleasing prelude to the memorial exercises
was a concert by the band on the church lawn. Attorney J.
Bayard Clark in his address left the beaten tracks of such
addresses. He took Lee and Jackson as the exponents of the
Old South and of the men and women who made it and
wove into his address a lesson for old and young. He did
not give any of the details of the careers of these two South-
ern heroes, but simply dwelt on their noble characters and
shining virtues and portrayed them as the true exponents of
all that is best and noblest in life. He made striking ref-
erence to the pessimism expressed to-day over the season of
(Continued on page 116.)
iftatortral Bqrartmnit 1L 1. ©
Motto : "Loyalty to the truth of Confederate history."
Key word : "Preparedness." Flower : The Rose.
MRS. A. A. CAMPBELL, HISTORIAN GENERAL.
1.
PRIZES AND MEDALS OFFERED FOR 1921.
The Mildred Rutherford Medal. For best histori
work by small Divisions numbering less than ten Chapters
2. The Raines Banner. To the Division making the larg
collection of papers and historical records.
3. Rose Loving Cup. — For the best essay written by
Daughter of the Confederacy on "Raphael Semmes."
4. Anna Robinson Andrews Medal. For the best essay wt
ten by a Daughter of the Confederacy on "The Women
the Confederacy."
5. A Soldier's Prize, $20. For the best essay written by
Daughter of the Confederacy on "Southern-Born Divisi
Commanders in the World War, Who They Were and Wl
They Did."
6. Roberts Medal. To the second best essay submitted
the entire contest.
7. Youree Prise, $50. Divided equally between the Divisi
Directors sending the largest list of descendants of Conf>
erate veterans and the largest per capita list of descendai
of Confederate veterans in the service of our country in 1
World War.
8. Hyde Medal. For the best essay written by a Dau;
of the Confederacy on the subject "The Confederate Navy
9. Orren Randolph Smith Medal. Given by Miss Jessica
Smith for the best essay on Jefferson Davis.
11
v-
<
:
It
Rules Governing Contest.
must not contain over two thousand wor
words must be stated in top left-hand corner
1. Essays
Number of
first page.
2. Essays must be typewritten, with fictitious signatu
Real name, Chapter, and address must be in sealed envelo
on outside of which is the fictitious name only.
3. Essays must be sent to State Historian, who will I
ward to Historian General by September 1, 1921.
Two essays on each subject may be submitted, but not m<
than two on any one subject from each Division.
Time limit will be strictly enforced. State Historians
please take notice that no essay received after September
will be admitted to the contest. No report received aft
October 1 will be admitted to contest for the Raines Banne
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR APRIL, Z921.
Savannah.
Study the historic associations of this charming city a
the interesting events which have occurred there. This c
be either a discussion, a talk, or a paper.
C. OF C. PROGRAM FOR APRIL, 1921.
Hero Year.
Joseph E. Johnston, the able strategist. Tell of his cai
paigns and note the skill which he showed in Tennessee a
Georgia as well as in Virginia.
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
I i:
onfeberateb Southern
A. McD. Wilson President General
436 Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Ga.
, C. B. Bryan First Vice President General ;>>
Memphis, Term. tft^
Sue H. Walker Second Vice President General .tV
Fayetteville, Ark.
.John E. Maxwell Treasurer General
Seale, Ala.
Daisy M. L. Hodgson .... ^co^h^ Secretary General
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La. cSS?//
I Mary A. Hall Historian General
1 137 Greene Street, Augusta, Ga.
. Bryan W. Collier., Corresponding Secretary General
College Park, Ga.
.Virginia Frazer Boyle Poet Laureate General
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
GROWTH OF THE C. S. M. A.
Memorial Women: That the deep-rooted traditions and
iotic devotion of our mothers have not passed with their
g is constantly being evidenced by some new evolution
be spirit bequeathed to their descendants, and it is with
t feelings of deepest pleasure and gratefulness to the
Jar of all good that we announce a wonderful new Me-
ial Association, organized December 6 at Huntington, W.
v with a paid charter membership of one hundred and four
ibers.
•nimated by the sacred purpose of memoralizing the heroic
lihers of the sixties, Mrs. Emma T. Harvey, wife of Judgr
•mas Hope Harvey, one of the most highly esteemed and
Lved women of her State, more than a year ago began
i tly to set her plans, and from the privacy of her home,
tre she has for a number of years been a "shut-in," she has
etter and by telephone messages brought these splendid
jien to her home, enthused, interested, and claimed their
ibership until to-day the Ladies' Memorial Association
Huntington, W. Va., stands the banner charter Associa-
of more than one hundred members, with full-paid mem-
ihip.
6 ore wonderful still was the spirit of interest displayed,
each member who joined came with the thought that to
1 Confederated Southern Memorial Association was to be
h. two dollars per capita, and a check for two hundred
eighteen dollars and fifty cents was sent to your Presi-
General, which she regretfully returned with deepest
"eciation, but could only accept the regular dues of ten
s per capita. Should not this wonderful work of one
1 heart inspire us all to greater endeavor? Most cordialh
1 we welcome the new Ladies' Memorial Association of
! itington and wish the members Godspeed under the able
: ership of Mrs. Thomas Hope Harvey, President ; Mrs.
P. McAlhattan, First Vice President; Mrs. Charles S.
I den, Second Vice President ; Mrs. John A. Paul. Corre-
I iding Secretary : Mrs. Willie R. Woodyard, Recording
etary; Mrs. Robert T. Gladstone, Treasurer.
iie splendid historical book, "Biographies of Representa-
Women of the South from 1861 to 1920." by Mrs. Bryan
Lis Collier, of College Park, Ga., is out. It is already in
hands of many of its subscribers,
speaking of this interesting volume your President Gen-
i has this to say :
'ou have realized that no introduction was needed, for
book includes sketches of our friends and companions of
: y years. It is indeed like opening the pages of old-time
m that shall ever recall the years of a noble past, peopled
■'- noble men and women. How our mothers would delight
:eing this book ! Mrs. Collier is doing a wonderful work
/Ifoemorial association
STATE PRESIDENTS
Alabama — Montgomery Mrs. R. P. Dexter
Arkansas — Fayetteville Mrs. J. Garside Welch
Florida — Pensacola Mrs. Horace L. Simpson
'r?M'£ r . Georgia — Columbus Miss Anna Caroline Benning
:! ' Kentucky — Bowling Green Missjeannie Blackburn
LOUISIANA — New Orleans Mrs. James Dinkins
Mississn-Pl— Vicksburg Mrs. E. C. Carroll
*$%&* Missouri— St. Louis Mrs. G. K. Warner
' North Carolina— Ashville Mrs. J.J. Yates
Oklahoma— Tulsa Mrs. W. H. Crowil.r
South Carolina— Charleston . Mrs. S. Cary Beckwith
Tennessee— Memphis Mrs. Charles W. Fra/.er
Texas— Houston Mrs. Mary E. Bryan
Virginia — Front Roval Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy
West Virginia — Huntington Mrs. Thos. H. Harvey
for our Southland, and her heart is thrilled with the vision
of a glorious dream in which she hopes to realize as the years
go by many more volumes of the 'uncrowned and unsung.'
"The book contains interesting historical sketches : espe-
cially do we prize those pages that record the lives and reflect
the lovely faces of the mothers of the Confederacy. The
beautiful thought she has carried out in linking the work of
the mother with that of her daughter, blending in a glimpse
of the children of the South, for whom this volume was com-
piled and to whom dedicated.
"The first page, given to pictures of the monument of
Shiloh, is a masterpiece. Never before perhaps has a monu-
ment been given to us in such a wonderful way. Mrs. A. B.
White. ex-President General U. D. C. and Director General
for the Shiloh Monument, obtained these pictures for Mrs.
Collier from the sculptor of the monument, and this is a
treasure that all will prize.
"Dr. Lucien Lamar Knight's picture of the Confederate
women can never be surpassed in literature, for he has por-
trayed in exquisite coloring the ideal Southern woman. The
picture of the first flag of the Confederacy, designed by Maj.
Orren Randolph Smith, is a treasure to have and to keep,
and the sketch of every subject in the book will be a heritage
to the family and children of the subject in years to come."
Cordially yours. Mrs. A. McD. Wilson,
President General C. S. M. A.
ASSOCIATION NOTES.
BY LOLLIE BELLE WYLIE.
It is said that the flowers are letters of angel tongue. They
must be, carrying as they do the undying messages of love.
Every emotion of the human heart is expressed in the lan-
guage of flowers ; and now that we are hurrying toward the
day of all days in the South, hurrying over a flower-strewn
way, let us gather together the fragrant blossoms of memory
and weave them into garlands to be placed on the graves that
hold what represents a place in the heart of all true South-
erners that nothing else can displace. It will be Memorial
Day before long, a day that stands out sacred to us, and,
with the great revival of interest in this beautiful custom of
decorating the Confederate soldiers' graves, let there be greater
interest shown in the weaving of garlands of flowers until
every wreath, every bouquet, every simple little cluster of blos-
soms speaks as never before to the heart of the past from the
heart of the now. Let every woman in the Memorial Asso-
ciation make it a special duty, a love duty, to plant her flowers
this year for this great day or to gather the little "words of
love" later on and carry them out to the cemetery where our
beloved, immortal dead are buried.
n6
Qopfederat^ l/eterat)
It isn't right for you to let your children grow unmindful
of the custom. Don't let the great joy of placing flowers on
the graves of the bravest heroes that ever went to war be
limited to the few, but interest your friends. Have more
Memorial Associations organized. Help your children to
form Junior Memorial Associations, and when Memorial Day
comes this year let every grave in the United States where a
Confederate soldier lies be heaped with flowers that will have
a message so fragrant that it will be heard around the whole
world and penetrate into heaven.
Your President General has done, is doing, a remarkable
work in reviving the enthusiasm and interest in the memorial
work. ( She does not know that I am going to say this, and
if she did she would say with the modesty that characterizes
her splendid works along all lines : "Don't, my dear ; I am
Only doing what 1 love to do and what should be done.")
But she has brought new interests into the work, as you will
note by the charter membership of the Huntington Memorial
Association, which, I am sure, will be an inspiration to others :
and she is broadening her lines of work and interesting women
who have never been interested before.
The Columbia Ladies' Memorial Association, in resolutions.
paid 'tribute to the beautiful life of one of the founders of
the Association there, saying: "We pause in the business ses-
sion of our Memorial Association this morning to com-
memorate the worth and character of our departed sister,
Mrs. Jane Ellison Ware Martin, who was one of the founders
of this Association and who served as Secretary from 1872.
Her unfailing zeal and devotion helped to make the Ladies'
Memorial Association the first of its kind in America. Her
research in history and biography enabled her to be of great
assistance to many in establishing their eligibility to member-
ship in the national society of the Daughters of the American
Revolution and the Colonial Dames of America. She re-
mained our active Secretary until failing sight necessitated the
election of an assistant. She continued to be our beloved and
honored Secretary until May 6, 1920, when, at the age of
eighty-eight, just as all the world was filled with the gladness
of spring, she slipped away to that sweet rest in the beautiful
eternal city promised to all who faithfully serve the Lord.
We have lost a beloved member whose life and character
glows as a beacon light of Christianity and patriotism."
Copies of the new constitution and by-laws are now ready
and can be had by applying to the Recording Secretary. Miss
Daisy M. L. Hodgson, 7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans
The minutes of the Houston convention have been delayed
by the printers, but it is hoped they will be ready next month.
The President General announces the appointment of the
Rev. Giles B. Cooke as Chaplain General to the C. S. M. A.
Mrs. Thomas Hope Harvey has also been appointed State
President of West Virginia. The recent organization of
the Huntington Association is evidence of her wonderful
executive ability and the enthusiasm with which she carries
forward everything that claims her attention.
Alex McBee. of Greenville, S. C, refers to several articles
appearing in the Veteran which he thinks could profitably be
republished. He mentions first the article by J. A. Richardson
on "Rights under the Constitution." appearing in the March
number of 1919, which can't now be furnished, and in the
same number Mrs. Anne B. Hyde's article on "Early Efforts
to Suppress the Slave Trade and Abolish Slavery in the
South." And he refers to the article in the May number,
1919, on "Secession, North and South," by Col. E. Polk John-
son, as being in the same class.
DIVISION NOTES.
(Continued from page 114).
depression in the South as of small account compared to t
difficulties and obstacles which beset the followers of L
and Jackson and of Lee himself during the days of Reco
struction at the close of the War between the States
very impressive part of the exercises took place just befo'
the close when the great audience rose and bowed a few m
ments as a token of respect and sorrow for the Southe
soldiers who gave their lives in the World War. Durii
this manifestation a soldier from Camp Bragg sounded ta
in honor of our boys who lie to-day in Flanders' fields.
1 ennessee. — Lee Day, the 19th of January, was observ
this year for the first time as a legal holiday. The U. D. i
Chapters of Nashville held their exercises in the Hall
Representatives.
In the passing of Miss Corinna S. McCorry — "Miss Pe
as she was lovingly called — on January 10, 1921, at the a
of seventy-one years, Jackson has lost one of its most i
markable women, a woman who had been of great servi
to her city and one whose kindly influence and noble chara
ter will remain long in the memory of a host of friends.
Miss McCorry was prominent in U. D. C. circles, but J
be missed most in Musidora C. McCorry Chapter. She w
a charter member and made herself a vital part of the c
ganization. Hers was the heart of the true Southern woraa
and jealously and with great pride and dignity she guard
every interest of the Confederate cause.
With Miss McCorry to live really was to act energetical
She kept herself young by the divine passion of love for a(
loyaltv to her fellow man, for she felt that these virtues ma
the perpetual melody of humanity. She was an example
how these same qualities elevate the aspirations, expand t
soul, and stimulate the mental powers.
From the highest to the lowest, the richest to the poore
to no rank or condition in life did Miss BcCorry deny b
highest boon — her great and kind heart. She had words
comfort for those in sorrow, words of courage for the
disheartened, words of charity for the weak, words- of pra
for the struggling, but evil words for no one.
There is an unrealized loss, a link of life left out, to
who never knew her, and a loss to us who did, which we c
i inly accept unselfishly, knowing that she is enjoying the i
ward of her well-done life.
Virginia. — Lee-Jackson Day. a Virginia holiday, was (
served throughout the State by the closing of public offk]
and schools. Governor and Mrs. Davis and Mayor and M
Ainslee were among those invited to a celebration by t
Richmond Chapter, U. D. C.
RULES FOR HISTORICAL CONTESTS.
The Historian General asks that the following be carefu
noted by State Historians in connection with the historii
contests :
State Historians will please note that rules for all h
torical contests are published in this issue of the Veteran.
These are the same rules which have always been publishi
and State Historians must realize that it is not just to exte|
time for some and not for others.
Qogfederat^ l/eterap.
117
IS OF CONFEDERATE YETEBIH8.
Organized in July, 1S96, at Richmond, Va.
OFFICERS, tqlQ-20.
lander In Chief Nathan Bedford Forrest
ud.'ant in Chief Carl Hinton
!d r, J. R. Price 1206 15th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.
[ Idress all communications to this department to the Edi-
or
( nmander in Chief N. B. Forrest has appointed Lucius
oss as Commander of the Louisiana Division, vice B. P.
'an, resigned.
* * *
Sh Folsom Camp, No. 878, Caddo, Okla., has recently been
ated. J. W. Crutchfield has been elected Commandant
I?. C. Semple Adjutant of the Camp.
* * *
Uge T. C. Kimbrough, of University, Miss., has been ap-
ed Commander of the Mississippi Division. Judge Kim-
;h is instructor of senior law at the University of Mis-
pi and has long been a zealous worker for the cause for
A.i the organization stands.
* * *
.( -nmander R. E. Johnston, of Mayfield, Ky., reports many
cl ties of the Sons in his Division. Camp Beauregard re-
11 received from the local U. D. C. a bust of General
regard, which was placed in the courthouse yard in that
.y. Mrs. Roy W. McKinney, President General, and
ii L Stunston, State President, U. D. C, were present on this
C< ion.
* * *
'-rough the efforts of Judge Scurry, of Wichita Falls, Tex.,
h< Textbook Commission of Texas has disapproved the use
1 le "Beard and Bagley History" in the schools of that
it . As the result of a strong fight by Commander Forrest
ht 100k was likewise rejected by the Textbook Commission
if iississippi.
* * *
' accordance with a plan adopted at the Houston Re-
mu, the following committee has been appointed to co-
>pnte with the U. D. C. in the erection of a monument at
i. ler's Ferry, \V. Va., to the faithful slave who gave his
if in defense of his master during the John Brown raid :
V. 1. Smith. Jr., Chairman. Fayetteville, W. Va. : Samuel L.
V ns, South Boston, Va. ; W. N. Everett, Rockingham, N.
1 f. W. Quattlebaum, Anderson, S. C. ; C. W. Kimberlin,
D" risboro, Ky.
* * *
■ a recent organization meeting A. Boyd Sears was elected
-cmandant of the Lane-Digges Camp, of Mathews Court-
* e, Va. Rev. Giles B. Cooke, the last surviving member
jfleneral Lee's staff, is an active member of the Camp.
0; "ooke's father was also a gallant Confederate soldier.
Walter B. McAdams, late Division Commander of
Ti is, died at his home in Dallas on January 1, 1921. Mr.
M dams had been a loyal and active member of the Con-
fe -ation for a number of years.
* * *
■I irsuant to a resolution adopted at the U. D. C. conven-
tli at Asheville, Commander N. B. Forrest has been made
bi, less manager of the Jefferson Davis National Highway.
H will appoint a board of directors, and immediate action
w be taken to promote the project.
J. Gwynn Gough, Commander of Missouri . Division, has
appointed the following staff officers for the current year :
Division Adjutant and Chief of Staff, Peter Gibson, St.
Louis ; Division Inspector, June Swisher, Marshall ; Division
Quartermaster, John H. Hardin, Independence; Division Com-
missary, William Warren, St. Louis ; Division Judge Advo-
cate, Chilton Atkinson, St. Louis ; Division Surgeon, Dr. S.
P. Martin, East Prairie ; Division Chaplin, William B. Jar-
man, St. Louis.
The Camp Commanders in this jurisdiction are directed to
send a copy of the muster roll and officers of all Camps to
the Division Commander.
X * *
The Clinton-Hatcher Camp, Leesburg, Va., held its regu-
lar monthly meeting on January 19, 1921. The election of
officers were : E. B. White, Commandant ; J. H. Shumate,
First Lieutenant; C. W. Atwell, Second Lieutenant; Bruce
Mcintosh, Third Lieutenant ; John T. Hourihane, Treasurer ;
Dr. John A. Gibson, Surgeon; A. Dibrell, Adjutant. Dinner
was served by the United Daughters of the Confederacy.
Following dinner, Commander J. H. Leslie called the meeting
to order and asked Col. W. C. Hall to introduce Maj'. E. W.
R. Ewing. Major Ewing delivered a splendid address in de-
fense of the cause of secession, which was heartily applauded.
* * *
Washington Camp, No. 305. contributed $100 to the Manas-
sas battle field fund at the meeting held on February 8. Mrs.
N. W. Turk, widow of Gen. Robert E. Lee's courier, ex-
plained the plans for enlarging and making fireproof the Lee
Chapel at Washington and Lee University, where the body
of General Lee is interred. Each member of the Camp pres-
ent contributed $1 to this movement. Lieut. Cols. James E.
Shelley and Henry Bankhead were elected to membership.
* * *
There is a. tendency on the part of some of the statesmen
of the North and Northwest to advocate the cause of State
rights. Apparently these men have been converted to the
views held by the statesmen of the South in the antebellum
days. A State Senator has taken the initiative in a move-
ment to have Wisconsin take the lead in restoring to States
the rights which, he said, had been lost through concentra-
tion of power in the Federal government. If the joint reso-
lution introduced is adopted, an appeal would be made to all
State legislatures to request Congress to provide for a con-
vention to amend the Constitution. The resolution declared
that the "fundamental rights of self-government guaranteed
by the Tenth Constitutional Amendment to the organic law
of the nation had been encroached on by the national govern-
ment."
* * *
The United Confederate Veterans, United Daughters of the
Confederacy, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and each State
of the South have been invited by Maj. E. W. R. Ewing and
Mr. Westwood Hutchinson, trustees of the Manassas battle
field, to attend an organization meeting to be held at the
Raleigh Hotel, Washington, D. C, on March 5, 1921. The
Manassas battle field belongs to the South, and for this reason
it is hoped that each of the above-named organizations and
each Southern State will send a representative to attend this
meeting, at which plans will be arranged under which title
will be eventually held and pursuant to which monuments will
be erected and the splendid battle museum, which comes also
with the land, will be conducted. The time and place of this
meeting are suggested to save time, vastly important in view
of the option limit.
\,
n8
^q^federat^ l/eterai).
"THE WOMEN OF THE SOUTH IN WAR TIMES."
Since making his last monthly report on the progress of
the official U. D. C. volume, "The Women of the South in
War Times," the managing editor is pleased to record the
appointment by the President General of a special committee
on the publicity fund. Mrs. Eugene B. Glenn, of Asheville,
N. C., is chairman of this committee, and great things are
expected of her management.
The work for the distribution of this book will be a true
test of insight or foresight on the part of the Daughters in
regard to the greatest opportunity ever offered to present in
a convincing way their cause throughout the English-speaking
world. If this record of our mothers be more widely dis-
tributed in the South, there will be among the younger people
more appreciative loyalty to the main principles upheld by
cur patriotic organizations. There will be less of that unfor-
tunate feeling that it is not worth while to work for the truth.
Again, a wide distribution of this book in the North will
serve, as the Boston Transcript itself has said, to set aside
false but long-existent and widespread opinions concerning
the South and to create in the minds of intelligent and dis-
cerning people friendliness for and sympathy with the heroic
record of the Southern people.
Furthermore, this volume presents the organization of the
United Daughters of the Confedracy in a light which will be
almost in the nature of a revelation in the minds of thou-
sands or millions who regard this society in a somewhat dis-
trustful attitude, expressed in the oft-repeated phrase, "Why
stir up old embers?" and so forth. As a matter of fact, when
the individuals in these organizations of the South are true to
their great cardinal principles, they are doing the greatest
good in setting the entire country free from sectional preju-
dices, for the simple truth, set forth without animus, is the
only thing that will set us free from prejudice and error.
Since previous writing several of the Chapters in South
Carolina have secured local reviews of the book and one or
two in Kentucky, a particularly good one being the review
given in the Lexington Herald. Three more States have sub-
scribed for their officially marked State copies, these three
States being so widely separated as North Carolina, Florida,
and Oregon. The State copies which yet remain to be sub-
scribed for are mostly in the North, but there may be those
who will act as sponsors for these States and have the books
presented in some way to the respective State libraries or
something of that kind, or perhaps there may be individual
members of the U. D. C. in those States who would secure
these copies. These may be readers of the Veteran, as, in-
deed, it seems that all sons and daughters of the Confederacy
should be. The following States have copies set aside and
inscribed awaiting the call for them: District of Columbia,
Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey,
New Mexico, Nevada, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Wis-
consin, Wyoming.
The raising of the publicity fund has aroused interest in
the Baltimore Chapter, and several of the ladies have per-
sonally contributed. The first contributor was Miss Georgie
G. Bright, the newly elected President of the Maryland Di-
vision, who presented her check for $25. When this donation
to the publicity work was reported to Mr. Thomas B.
Gresham, also of Baltimore, this loyal Confederate veteran
very promptly "matched" Miss Bright's donation with a like
amount.
Finally, it maybe suggested that this "Women of the South"
book should eventually become a revenue producer not only
in the more enduring dividends of "intangible" things, but in
material returns for the U. D. C. if we can be sure of get I
it well started. By "revenue" we would mean not only a wl
spread increase in public interest in the work of the organ!
tion and a more enlightened attitude toward it, but the stl
of these women of war times should arouse emulative!
terest in the younger generations to set aside things that I
trivial or personal and stand for great principles in the ef|
to be worthy of their mothers. Truly this volume has
limited possibilities for good.
HOME FOR NAVAL VETERANS.
With the indorsement of the United Confederate Vetei
and the United Daughters of the Confederacy for the es'
lishment of a home for veterans of the Confederate m
Admiral A. O. Wright feels encouraged for the success
this undertaking. His plans are set forth as follows:
1. To raise $10,000 to provide a temporary home in Ja
sonville, Fla., in leased quarters where additional rooms i
be had. This sum will equip and run it for a year or mo
2. To complete our "Official History of the Confedei
Navy," now being written by those who helped to, make t
history.
3. To establish a permanent home of our own, to be loca
in that Southern city that makes the best offer.
4. To create a widow's fund for the benefit of needy wide
of Confederate naval veterans.
When established he feels assured that the Southern lej
latures will maintain it. And after the passing of the na
veterans the home will be turned over to the naval veter;
of the Spanish-American war and after them to the na
veterans of the late war.
Some contributions have been received, and all who i
inclined to contribute now should address Admiral A.
Wright, trustee of the fund, 4 East Bay Street, Jacksonvi
Fla.
THE TEXAS HOME FOR EX-SLAVES.
A home for ex-slaves in Texas who need assistance is p
vided for in a bill now before the Texas Legislature, int
duced by Mr. Morris, of Medina. By this bill the State
to take over the old Ex-Slave Home in Uvalde County a
maintain the institution for the "Confederate Home Guard
Dixie."
It seems that there are something like three hundred of
old former slaves in Texas who aided the Confederacy
producing supplies for the armies or helped to protect I
homes of the Southern people during the war, and at le
half of these need assistance. Some are absolutely helple
and the State will thus make provision for their care a
comfort during the remainder of their lives. With th
passing the institution will be used for some other purpose
The condition on which admission is gained is by the £
plicant's giving the name and address of his last owner fr(
1860 to 1866. A board of managers will operate the Hod
Only the expense of a superintendent and maintenance of t
Home is sought. The property taken over is valued at abc
$3,500.
Rev. Charles Manly, of Gaffney, S. C, writes : "My fathi
Basil Manly, was pastor of the Baptist Church in Mot
gomery, Ala., during 1S60-62, and officiated as chaplain at t
inauguration of Mr. Davis as Provisional President of t
Confederate States, and I have a copy of the prayer offer
on that occasion."
(^otyfederat^ l/eterar?
119
1EALTH COUNCIL OF NINE.
public health agencies, including
nerican Red Cross, have joined
in the National Health Council
i» improvement of health condi-
throughout the country. This
1 is the result of the efforts of
nerican Public Health Associa-
le American Medical Association,
her similar organizations begun
ears ago.
'ng the summer of 1920 a special
study was carried on under the
jn of representatives of the Na-
Tuberculosis Association, the
1 on Health and Public Instruc-
te American Medical Association,
e American Red Cross. And the
Council was the direct result of
udy.
National Health Council is made
one representative and one alter-
ppointed by each of the following
zations: American Public Health
ation, American Red Cross,
:an Social Hygiene Association,
il of State and Provincial Health
Irities, ■ Council on Health and
Instruction of the American
il Association, National Child
l Council, National Committee for
1 Hygiene, National Organization
'ublic Health Nursing, and the
lal Tuberculosis Association. It
ected that each organization will
de certain sums which will enable
juncil to open an office and main-
n office force.
h health agency will continue its
jlar work independent of the or-
tion, but the Council will be
as a clearing house, so that the
of one will not overlap or dupli-
nat of another.
. Ida T. Hawes, 1817 Valence
, New Orleans, La., would like to
from any one who recalls Pickens
■nnett, a young Confederate sol-
vho enlisted at Brookhaven, Miss.,
)3 or 1864. He was seventeen or
en years old. His company and
ent are not known, but his widow
he was under Colonel Moorman,
information will be highly appre-
K C. Myers. 1012 Queen Anne Ave-
Bl Seattle, Wash., is anxious to learn
' of the members of Company D,
I . ! 62d Battalion of Georgia Sharp-
ft,- r s, are still alive, and he asks that
K will communicate with him, their
Id wnmander.
I,
INCOME TAX IN A NUTSHELL.
Who? Single persons who had net
incomes of $1,000 or more for the year
1920, married couples who had net in-
comes of $2,000.
When? March 15, 1921, is the final
date for filing returns and making first
payments.
Where? Collector of internal reve-
nue for district in which the person re-
sides.
How? Full directions on Form 1040A
and Form 1040, also the law and regula-
tions.
What? Four per cent normal tax on
taxable incomes up to $4,000 in excess
of exemption. Eight per cent normal
tax on balance of taxable income. Sur-
tax from one per cent to sixty-five per
cent on net incomes over $5,000.
J. G. Bishop was with the 10th Con-
federate Cavalry in Kentucky, then in
camp at Knoxville, Tenn., and after-
wards detailed to serve in the quarter-
master's department at Atlanta and
other places. The quartermaster's force
was organized into two companies, one
of which was under Capt. Fred Crass,
of Murfreesboro, Tenn. ; they worked
also in the shoe shops until the relief
was sent to Savannah ; then there was
service in different ways until the sur-
render. He was paroled May 5, 1865.
He and his wife are now. in the I. O. O.
F. Home at Corsicana, Tex., and Com-
rade Bishop will be glad to hear from
any surviving comrades.
J. W. Ward, principal of the high
school at Brookhaven, Miss., wants to
know if there was an organization in
the Confederate army known as "Texas
Scouts." He has seen an emblem, a
silver star and crescent, with the words
"Texas Scouts" around the five points
of the star, hence his inquiry. Any one
having information on the subject will
please write to him.
If Henry S. Harris, who at the age
of sixteen enlisted in Sam J. Richard-
son's company of Morgan's Battalion
on April 4, 1864, sees this notice, please
write to N. A. Smith, Marks, Miss. He
was in Hill County, Tex., when last
heard of. '
Will any one having information con-
cerning the carbine factory at Tallas-
see, Ala., and the revolver factory at
Atlanta, Ga., making arms for the Con-
federacy, write to E. Berkley Bowie,
811 N. Eutaw Street, Baltimore, Md.?
Cause*. Head Noisea and Other j£gr-
Sfflrt Easily and PermapenHv Relieved!
Thousands who wesK'
formerly deaf, now hec&
distinctly every sound-
even whispers do not efr-
cape them. Their life oa
loneliness has ended ami
all is now joy and sue
shine. The impaired OE
lacking portions of theif-
ear drums have beei
reinforced by simpk
little devices, scienti&
cally constructed f©f
that special purpose^
WAion Common-Sense Ear Drums
ften called "Little Wireless Phones for the Ears'
-ire restoring perfect hearing in every condition of
Jeaf ness or defective hearing from causes such Stt
"Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken Drurm
Thickened Drums, Roaring and Hissing Sounds
"erforated. Wholly or Partially Destroyed Drumf;,
C&ischarge from Ears f etc. No matter what the cafi*.
:T how long standing it is, testimonials received shov
aarvelous results. Common-Sense Drums stiengt*
m the nerves of the ears and con-
'.entrate the sound waves on one
>oint of the natural drums, thus
successfully restoring perfect
■searing where medical skill even
'■'"•ils to help. They are made of
s soft, sensitized materia], com-
fortable and safe to wear. They -
,ire easily adjusted by the wearer j
5nd out of sight when worn. '
What has done so much for
;housandsofotherswill help you.
Don't delay. Write today for Oram ° 'I
mi FREE 168 page Book on Deaf- in Position .
:ass— giving you full particulars.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
408 !nt»r-8outh*rro Blag. touisv" I ■?, «■
Mrs. Allie Willis, of Slater, Mo., wants
a copy of "Dixie After the War," by
Mrs. Avary ; "Jess of the River," by T.
C. DeLeon ; "New Hope ; or, The Res-
cue," author known. Any one having
these books for disposal will kindly
communicate with her.
W. A. Shoup, Adjutant of Ben Mc-
Culloch Camp, of Star City, Ark., says
he would like to know what became of
the little girl who belonged to "Uncle
Jim," of the Confederate army, and of
whom C. C. Baker, of Weatherford,
Tex., wrote in the December Veteran.
Who can tell him?
• National Encampment Postponed. —
W. D. Wilson, Quartermaster of the
Joseph R. Gordon Post, G. A. R., of
Indianapolis, Ind., sends copy of a reso-
lution passed by that Post in reference
to having Congress pass an act au-
thorizing the railroads of the country
to make a rate of one cent per mile for
all veterans of the blue and the gray at
the time of the annual gathering. As
the railroads have refused to allow that
rate to the National Encampment at
Portland, Me., the meeting at that place
has been abandoned. It is to be hoped
that the railroads of the South will be
more generous in their treatment of the
veterans of the Confederacy.
120
^oofederat^ l/eterag.
A Fitting Memorial to
ROBERT E. LEE
Who Will Help Establish It?
As all students of the history of the subject know, the first recognition of journalism
as a learned profession originated with General Lee, and the first college school of journal-
ism was founded by him and his trustees in 1869, a half century ahead of his times. His
far-seeing wisdom in recognizing the tremendous importance and influence of this new pro-
fession was only equaled by his keen insight into what has ever been and is to-day one of
the most acute needs of the South. His original school of journalism has been discon-
tinued, and few, even among his most ardent admirers, know that the matchless leader of
the Confederate armies was also the founder in America of journalism as a learned pro-
fession.
The Robert E. Lee Memorial Chair of Journalism
As part of the Lee Memorial Fund the Confederate organizations, assisted by all others
who honor General Lee's character and wish to perpetuate his life work, desire to re-
establish his Chair of Journalism at Washington and Lee University and solicit both gifts
and bequests for that purpose.
What It Means to the South
Whether the New South is to remain true to the high ideals of its glorious past or is to
sacrifice and forsake them depends on her editors. They hold our future civilization in
their hands, and their attitude, opinions, and influence will depend on their training and
environment.
To establish a School of Jouralism at the home and tomb of Lee, in the most sacred
shrine of Southern memories and associations, as part of the university which is his living
representative, to send each year from such a nursery of inspiration and patriotism a
stream of trained journalists to lead the public opinion of the South and of the nation
along the lofty paths of its founder's broad-minded and unselfish patriotism, surely no
benevolent enterprise ever offered such threefold inducement to those who love their coun-
try — a fitting monument to the heroic dead, an inestimable service to the present genera-
tion, a permanent and growing influence for the betterment of the future.
How You Can Help
The Veterans' Committee wishes to find one hundred FOUNDERS of the Robert E.
Lee Memorial Chair of Journalism who will invest a thousand dollars apiece in establish-
ing this memorial. Their names will be commemorated on bronze tablets for all future
time as General Lee's partners in the patriotic enterprise originated by him in 1869.
Will You Be One?
Address inquiries, correspondence, etc., to the Executive Secretarv of the National Com-
mittee of the United Confederate Veterans, PRESIDENT HENRY" LOUIS SMITH, Lex-
ington, Va.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai?.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF CONFEDERATE ASSOCIATIONS AND KINDRED TOPICS.
ntered as second-class matter at the post office at Nashville, Term.,
under act of March 3, 1S79.
cceptance of mailing at special rate of postage provided for In Sec-
tion 1 103, act of October 3, 19 17, and authorized on July 5, 191S.
ublished by the Trustees of the Confederate Veteran, Nash-
ville, Tenn.
OFFICIALLY REP RE. 'ENTS ;
United Confederate Veterans,
United Daughters of the Confederacy,
Sons of Veterans and Other Organizations,
Confederated Southern Memorial Association,
Though men deserve, they may not -.vin, success;
The brave will honor the brave, vanquished none the less.
T£m 'cirafxl CtoSk. \ VoL - XXIX - NASHVILLE, TENN., APRIL, 1921.
No. 4.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM,
Founder.
CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL.
BY WILL MITT SHIELDS, COLUMBIA, TENN.
"How sleep the brave?" was sung of men
Who, loving well a native clime.
Stood with a dauntless courage when
Some menace called for deeds sublime.
They dared to do — dared even to die —
And now their sacred, mold'ring dust
To all the world does testify
Of faith they kept with valor's trust.
"How sleep the brave?" What land has claim
Of braver sons than ours, than she
Whose children stood to guard her name
Through storms of stern adversity?
They have not died in vain, but win
That meed impartial justice gives
True sons. Hate's manacles of sin
May curb, not kill, for justice lives.
'Twas not grim war alone which tried
Their spirits as a searing flame,
But politics, with hate allied,
Would crush them to ignoble shame.
For all that spite could hope to achieve
By constant speech, in ardent song,
Some tried to make the world believe
That they were right and these were wrong.
But virtues shown by these will shine —
Refining fires but prove their worth —
While calumny must know decline,
Nor bides with lasting things of earth.
It lessens, wanes as dies a flame
Or light on some receding shore;
But these shall wax as stars of fame
That gem love's sky forevermore.
Despite a fog traducers spread —
A mist that soon must blow away —
The days to come will see our dead
And deeds of theirs shine as the day.
Shall we who heir such glories won,
A light to bless all coming age,
Seem by indifference to shun
And e'en disown such heritage?
Be courage ours, though light be dim,
As theirs to walk the way they trod,
Unswerving in our faith in Him
Who is the source of truth, our God.
Sleep, heroes ! Though years yet to be
See not some sorrowing hearts to weep
Your death in anguish, history
In sacredness your fame shall keep.
Sleep well, nor reck the stinging darts
Hate ever hurls at those who've trod
In Duty's way, for in our hearts
You live forever, blessed of God.
"How sleep the brave?" As flowers unfold
From bud to charm with perfect bloom.
Your fame shall grow through years untold
And glory gild each name and tomb.
Two in One. — The great mind of Madison was one of the
first to entertain distinctly the noble conception of two kinds
of government, operating at one and the same time upon the
same individuals, harmonious with each other, but each su-
preme in its own sphere. Such is the fundamental concep-
tion of our partly Federal, partly national government, which
appears throughout the Virginia plan as well as in the Con-
stitution which grew out of it. — John Fiske, of Massachusetts.
124 Confederate l/eterai>*
Qopfederat^ l/eterar?.
S. A. CUNNINGHAM, Founder.
Office: Methodist Publishing' House Building-, Nashville, Tenn.
All who approve the principles of this publication and realize its benefits as
an organ for Associations throughout the South are requested to commend
its patronage and to cooperate in extending; its circulation. Let each one be
constantly diligent.
THE PRIVATE.
BY MRS. CHARLES R. HYDE.
On Fame's immortal roll.
Of those who perished in the fight,
One name shone out above the rest
And filled the page with light.
"Who comes?" the herald cried,
"To join the ranks of noble dead?
Thy glory dazzles all our eyes."
"A private, sir," he said.
TRUE HISTORY
In making a suggestion to the United Daughters of the
Confederacy that such a history as they desire to be taught
in the schools of the South can be prepared largely from the
files of the Veteran-, Dr. J. C. W. Steger, of Gurley, Ala.,
says :
"Let us 'not forget to impress upon the minds of the youth
of the South the high qualities of the men who filled the
legislative, the judicial, and executive departments of the
Confederate government, and especially those who wrote its
Constitution. Those of us who feel a just pride in the work
of the men and women of the Old South must bestir our-
selves to see that their memories are revered. It has been
said, 'Though a monument be erected to reach the heavens
and to stand until time perished at its base,' it would be
meaningless without a history.
"And it will be a calamity if such men as Dr. Shepherd,
Dr. McNeilly. and others do not furnish a general history
for the benefit of mankind. No one without their general
knowledge of affairs could do this work so well. Let the
world have the benefit of our struggle for constitutional
rights, under which only can a true democracy exist. There
has been no time in history when this question was so perti-
nent and imperative. Europe is seeking such a basis, and
our example, costly as any ever made, under the best consti-
tution ever adopted, should be given to the struggling people
of dissolving dynasties. They, as we. have made the sacri-
fice and may, like us, be denied the beneficent results that flow
from battle fields of freedom."
THE PILGRIM C0NTRIBUT10X.
Nothing has been left unsaid about the Pilgrims, yet the
three hundredth anniversary of the founding of Plymouth
colony finds them rather mythical figures whose primary
function is to serve as ancestors.
The Pilgrims were so soon submerged by the great Puritan
migration which followed a few years later that their original
identity has been almost lost. They were plain, simple, un-
educated folk who had gone to Holland to escape religious
persecutions at home and who had definitely separated from
the Church of England. The Puritan, with his passion for
reforming everybody except himself, was trying to make the
Church over into his own image. Many of the Puritans hac
wealth and power and influence. Some of them were con-
nected with great families. Their quarrel was never aboir
religious freedom of any kind, for they did not believe in it
They were ardent supporters of the union of Church and
State, and when they came to America it was to found a
theocracy of their own.
The Pilgrims have been so generally confused with tht
Puritans that the distinction between them is commonly dis
regarded. The aggressive colonization to Massachusetts was
Puritan, and it was the Puritan who originally put his stamj
on the colony. But the Pilgrims are entitled to recognition ol
their own apart from the honor that belongs to them as path-
finders. They made two definite contributions to America!
institutions, for it was they who established the town meeting
and the public school. The town meeting was a revival of
one of the oldest traditions of the English race, but the public
school was borrowed from the Dutch.
We have succeeded in maintaining and developing the pub-
he school, but the institution of local self-government ha;
long been crumbling. It is one of the curious facts in the
development of the American people that the political prin
ciple which was once regarded as fundamental and at the
basis of their whole system is the principle for which the>
have shown the least respect and in the advancement of whicr
they have made the smallest progress. — New York World.
Burial of Sir Moses Ezekiel at Arlington. — The bod>
of Sir Moses Ezekiel, who died in Rome. Italy, in March.
1917, has been brought back to America and interred in Ar-
lington Cemetery, where stands the handsome Confederate
monument which was the product of his skill. After a me
morial service by the Arlington Confederate Monument As
sociation and the Daughters of the Confederacy in Washing-
ton on March 30, the commitment services were held in the
Amphitheater at Arlington, and the interment was conducted
by Washington Centennial Lodge No. 14, F. and A. M
Cadets from the Virginia Military Institute formed the guard
of honor. Sir Moses was a cadet at the Virginia Military
Institute and fought at New Market, May 15, 1864.
Active Friends. — The work of the Stonewall Jackson Chap-
ter, U. D. C, of Chicago, in behalf of the Veteran is under
the direction of Mrs. Joseph Johnson, who is putting sped,
effort in the work. In order to simplify it and make it easier
for her successor, she has had some slips printed with blanks
for the name and time of expiration of each subscription
These slips will be sent out to the subscribers as a request for
renewal at the proper time. Then she keeps a book with the
names of all members of the Chapter who are subscribers or
paying for some one else, which will be a ready reference as
needed. The Veteran is very appreciative of the work that
is being done by Chapters. U. D. C. and wants to help them
in their work.
Jefferson Davis Monument. — On Wednesday, April 13,
1921, a joint meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Jeffer-
son Davis Monument Association and Daughters of the Con^
federacy will be held in the Public Library Hall, Louisville,
Ky., for the purpose of devising ways and means for the
completion of the Davis monument at Fairview, Ky. A 111
friends of this movement are invited to attend this meeting.
Qopfederat^ Ueteraij,
125
LAMAR'S DEFENSE OF JEFFERSON DAVIS.
[Attention has been called to an error in the article on
page 101 of the Veteran for March giving the incident of
Senator Lamar's dramatic speech on the proposed amend-
ment to the Mexican War pension bill by which it was sought
to exclude Jefferson Davis from the benefits of that legis-
lation. H. D. McDonald, of Corpus Christi, Tex., writes
that it was Senator Hoar, of Massachusetts, and not Zach '
Chandler, against whom this denunciation was directed.
Newspapers have a way of getting things wrong as well as
of bringing out the sensational feature. But it was founded
upon fact, as the following, taken from a report of the pro-
ceedings as given in the "Life of L. Q. C. Lamar," will show.
Mr. McDonald writes that, "despite this 'lashing by Lamar's
tongue,' in the course of time Lamar and Hoar became
good friends, and Lamar had no greater admirer and at his
death no sincerer mourner than Senator Hoar."]
On the 1st of March, 1879, the Senate was considering a
Proposition to extend the act of Congress granting pensions
. :o the soldiers of the War of 1812 and their widows so as
:o make it applicable as well to the soldiers and sailors who
served in the war with Mexico. Senator Hoar offered this
intendment : "Provided further that no pension shall ever
,5e paid under this act to Jefferson Davis, the late President
f& the so-called Confederacy."
; The introduction of this resolution precipitated an exciting
debate. Senators Bailey, of Tennessee, Hoar, of Massa-
:husetts, Garland, of Arkansas, Shields, of Missouri, Maxey,
)£ Texas, and Thurman, of Ohio, had taken part and Mr.
Soar in his last speech had said: "The Senator from Arkan-
sas alluded to the courage which this gentleman had shown
n battle, and I do not deny it. Two of the bravest officers
_)f our Revolutionary War were Aaron Burr and Benedict
Arnold."
These remarks called out Mr. Lamar. He said : "Mr.
President, it is with extreme reluctance that I rise to say
1 word upon this subject. I must confess my surprise and
•egret that the Senator from Massachusetts should have wan-
only, without provocation, flung this insult" —
The presiding officer (Mr. Edmunds in the chair) : "The
Senator from Mississippi is out of order. He cannot impute
o any Senator either wantonness or insult."
Mr. Lamar : "I stand corrected. I suppose it is in perfect
order for certain Senators to insult other Senators, but they
.annot be characterized by those who receive the blow."
The presiding officer : "The observations of the Senator
i rom Mississippi, in the opinion of the chair, are not in
'irder."
' Mr. Lamar : "The observations of the Senator from Mis-
issippi, in his own opinion, are not only in order, but per-
ectly and absolutely true."
The presiding officer : "The Senator from Mississippi will
ake his seat until the question of order is decided."
: Mr. Lamar: "Yes, sir."
After the roll call on the question, the presiding officer
' aid: "The judgment of the chair is reversed, and the Senate
lecides that the words uttered by the Senator from Missis-
ippi are in order, and the Senator from Mississippi will pro-
eed."
Mr. Lamar: "Now, Mr. President, having been decided by
ny associates to have been in order in the language I used,
desire to say that, if it is at all offensive or unacceptable
any member of this Senate, the language is withdrawn,
4*
for it is not my purpose to offend or stab the sensibilities of
any of my associates on this floor. But what I meant by
that remark was this : Jefferson Davis stands in precisely the
position that I stand in, that every Southern man who be-
lieved in the right of a State to secede stands."
Mr. Hoar: "Will the Senator from Mississippi permit me
to assure him" —
The presiding officer : "The Senator from Massachusetts
will address the chair. Does the Senator from Mississippi
yield to the Senator from Maschusetts?"
Mr. Lamar : "O, yes."
Mr. Hoar : "Will the Senator from Mississippi permit me
to assure him and other Senators on this floor who stand
like him that, in making the motion which I made, I did not
conceive that any of them stood in the same position in which
I supposed Mr. Davis to stand. I should not have moved
to except the gentleman from Mississippi from the pension
roll."
Mr. Lamar : "The only difference between myself and Jef-
ferson Davis is that his exalted character, his preeminent
talents, his well-established reputation as a statesman, as a
patriot, and as a soldier enabled him to take the lead in the
cause to which I consecrated myself and to which every fiber
of my heart responded. There was no distinction between
insult to him and the Southern people except that he was
their chosen leader and they his enthusiastic followers, and
there has been no difference since.
"Jefferson Davis since the war has never counseled insur-
rection against the authority of this government. Not one
word has he uttered inconsistent with the greatness and glory
of this American republic. The Senator from Massachusetts
can point to no utterance of Jefferson Davis which bids the
people of the South to cherish animosities and hostilities to
this Union, nor does he cherish them himself.
"The Senator — it pains me to say it — not only introduced
this amendment, but he coupled that honored name with
treason ; for, sir, he is honored among the Southern people.
He did only what they sought to do ; he was simply chosen
to lead them in a cause which we all cherished ; and his
name will continue to be honored for his participation in that
great movement which inspired an entire people, the people
who were animated by motives as sacred and noble as ever
inspired the breast of a Hampden or a Washington. I say
this as a Union man to-day. The people of the South drank
their inspiration from the fountain of devotion to liberty
and to constitutional government. We believed that we were
fighting for it, and the Senator cannot put his finger upon
one distinction between the people of the South and the man
whom the Senator has to-day selected for dishonor as the
representative of the South.
"Now, sir, I do not wish to make any remarks here that
will engender any excitement or discussion, but I say that the
Senator from Massachusetts connected that name with
treason. We all know that the results of this war have at-
tached to the people of the South the technical crime of re-
bellion, and we submit to it; but that was not the sense in
which the gentleman used that term as applied to Mr. Davis.
He intended to affix (I will not say that he intended, but the
inevitable effect of it was to affix) upon this aged man, this
man broken in fortune, suffering from bereavement, an epi-
thet of odium, an imputation of moral turpitude.
"Sir, it required no courage to do that ; it required no mag-
nanimity to do it; it required no courtesy. It only required
hate, bitter, malignant, sectional feeling, and a sense of per-
''
126
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
sonal impunity. The gentlemen, I believe, takes rank among
Christian statesmen. He might have learned a better lesson
even from the pages of mythology. When Prometheus was
bound to the rock it was not an eagle, it was a vulture, that
buried his beak in the tortured vitals of the victim.
"I send to the desk a letter written by Mr. Davis upon this
subject to Mr. Singleton, a gentleman who represents one of
the districts of Mississippi in the other House, and with the
expression of my opinion that the Senator from Massa-
chusetts does not represent Massachusetts in the step that
he has taken and the sentiments that he has uttered this day
I shall take my seat."
The presiding officer: "Does the Senator from Mississippi
desire to have the letter that he sent to the desk read?"
Mr. Lamar : "I do, sir. I wish it read as part of my re-
marks."
The presiding officer: "The letter will be read, there being
no objections."
The Secretary read as follows :
"Mississippi City, 1878.
"Dear Sir: I am quite unwilling that personal objections
to me by members of Congress should defeat the proposed
measure to grant pensions to the veterans of the war against
Mexico, therefore request and authorize you, should the fate
of the bill depend upon excluding me from its benefits, in
my behalf to ask my friends and the friends of the measure
silently to allow a provision for my exclusion from the bene-
fits of the bill to be inserted in it. From other sources you
will have learned that not a few of those who then periled
their lives for their country are now so indigent and infirm
as to require relief, and it would be to me sorrowful indeed
if my comrades in that war should suffer deprivation because
of their association with me.
"While on this subject I will mention that it did not re-
quire a law to entitle me to be put on the list of pensioners,
but it rather requires legal prohibition to deprive me of that
right. As an officer regularly mustered into the military
service of the United States and while serving as such I
was 'severely wounded' in battle and could under the laws
then existing have applied for and received a pension. My
circumstances did not require pecuniary relief from the gov-
ernment, and I did not make the requisite application; there-
fore my name has never been upon the roll of pensioners and
offers no obstruction to the restoration of those names which
have been stricken from it.
"Respectfully and truly yours, Jeffeeson Davis.
Hon. O. R. Singleton."
MEMORIAL DAY.
But, ah, the graves which no man names or knows :
Uncounted graves, which never can be found ;
Graves of the precious "missing," where no sound
Of tender weeping will be heard, where goes
No loving step of kindred — O how flows
And yearns our thought to them !
But nature knows her wilderness ;
There are no "missing" in her numbered ways ;
In her glad heart is no f orgetf ulness ;
Each grave she keeps she will adorn, caress.
We cannot lay such wreaths as summer lays,
And all her days are Decoration Days 1
— Helen Hunt Jackson.
GEN. ALEXANDER GALT TALIAFERRO.
[The following statement of service to the Confederacy,
prepared by Gen. Alexander Gait Taliaferro in 1878, shows
patriotic determination to fight for the South, even though
it might not be in the capacity he desired. General Talia-
ferro was born at "Churchill," Gloucester County, Va., in Sep-
tember, 1808, and died at his home, "Annandale," Culpeper
County, Va., on June 29, 1884. His wife was Agnes Har-
wood Marshall, a granddaughter of Chief Justice John Mar-
shall. The paper comes from his granddaughter, Mrs. Rex
Corbin Maupin, of Baltimore, who is State Historian of the
Maryland Division, U. D. C]
When the ordinance of secession was passed I held the
rank of lieutenant colonel of cavalry, conferred upon me by
Governor Wise, in the Second Military Division of the State.
Companies were formed and organized in some six counties
of the department. Cavalry tactics out of the regular army
were almost entirely unknown. I had studied and practiced
them, and, presuming that I would be continued in my posi-
tion, I repaired to Madison, Culpeper, Amherst, and Nelson,
my orders and notices having preceded me, and devoted sev
eral weeks to the instruction of officers and men. My last
appointment was made for Albemarle, and on arriving at
Charlottesville I found, to my surprise, Captain Richardson,
of the city of Richmond, under instructions from the Gov-
ernor to inspect the companies — there were two, armed and
in readiness for the field — and to send them forward to Gen-
eral Cooke, then commanding at Culpeper Courthouse.
Thus summarily superseded, I went to Richmond and had
an interview with Governor Letcher, who informed me that
all old commissions were annulled. I then asked that I might
be commissioned anew, retaining my rank and arm of serv-
ice. He replied that it was not proposed to organize regi-
ments of cavalry, and only detached companies of cavalry
would be required to act as videttes. The request was then
made that he would give me the same position in the infantry,
as I was equally familiar with its tactics. He was very kind
and respectful and said all his appointments had been made,
but if I would raise a regiment of infantry volunteers he
would take pleasure in commissioning me as its colonel. I
told him it would take two, three, or four months to accom-
plish that, and as many more would elapse before it could
be armed and in readiness for the front, and by that time the
struggle might be over, that I was no longer young, verging
upon fifty-four, and if I expected to achieve anything I had
no time to waste, and that I would go to Harper's Ferry,
where the war had opened.
Stopping only a day at my home, I hurried to the Ferry
and enrolled, entering myself as a private in the Culpeper
Minutemen. Six days after a company of "Roughs" from
Baltimore, who had been compelled to flee the city for being
engaged in the attack upon the Massachusetts troops when
passing through, organized and appointed a deputation to
wait on me and request that I would take their command.
This I gladly did and two weeks later marched at their head
under Col. (afterwards Lieut. Gen.) A. P. Hill to Romney.
W. Va., whence the Federals were expelled. Returning with
the command to Winchester, three weeks only having elapsed,
I found a letter from my wife conveying a commission from
the Governor as lieutenant colonel of infantry, with orders
to repair to Norfolk and report to General Huger, who would
assign me a command. Arriving there and reporting to Gen-
eral Huger, he informed me that the only vacancy in the
grade of lieutenant colonel had that morning been filled by
^oi>federat^ tfefceraij.
127
ieut. Col. George Blow, that more troops were daily ex-
pected, and that the first opening should be assigned me.
"roops arrived, but they were fully officered; and after re-
gaining there seven weeks unattached I addressed a letter to
overnor Letcher, stating the circumstances and begging an
ctive position in the field. The next mail brought me an
'rder to report to Gen. Henry Jackson, commanding at the
Ireen Brier River, as lieutenant colonel of the 23d Regiment,
"'here I was most agreeably surprised to find my nephew,
Villiam B. Taliaferro, as colonel of that regiment and as
! anking colonel next to Col. (afterwards Maj. Gen.) Edward
^hnson, who commanded the post under General Jackson.
Villiam B. Taliaferro commanded a brigade composed of the
st and 12th Georgia, 23d and 37th Virginia Regiments, and
'1
'", by consequence, had the full and entire command as lieu-
:nant colonel of the 23d.
' Two days after the battle of Green Brier was fought; six
Veeks later the post was abandoned, the troops divided, part
':ft under Colonel Johnson, and my nephew's brigade was
onducted by him to Winchester to reenforce Gen. Thomas
'. Jackson. This brigade now made the 3d Brigade of the
Stonewall Division.
" On the first day of January, 1862, we left Winchester to
ngage in the disastrous and hopeless winter expedition to
ialtimore, thence to Hancock, in Maryland, and then on to
iomney, W. Va. — disastrous from the number of fine and
Valiant young men who perished ; bootless because General
ackson's plans were never communicated to his second in
"ommand, General Loring. Later I was somewhat behind
'he scenes and partially honored by his confidence. The plans
rere to destroy the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and thus
ut off reinforcements to the Yankee army in Tennessee.
What a great achievement this would have been, and what a
lifferent coloring this might have have given to the results
"'f the war ! To have wintered in Clarksburg, by his per-
onal popularity (he was born there) and the magic of his
lame, Jackson would have aroused all of West Virginia and
"irought its men to his standard, and in the early spring with
1 .n overwhelming force they would have marched upon and
iccupied Pittsburg. What a grand turning point it would
lave been in the struggle had not traitors in the departments
n Richmond divulged Jackson's plans, as Yankee papers
:aptured in Baltimore gave the very day of Jackson's de-
parture from Winchester, his destination, and the exact num-
bers of his different arms — infantry, cavalry, and artillery.
Returning to Winchester to winter quarters, in the early
••pring the battle of Kernstown was fought. This gave cheer
o the Confederacy, but it was simply a repulse, not a victory,
'or the Federals. In this I had my horse killed under me.
'jeneral Jackson, still maintaining a gallant front, retreated
ip the Valley. I finally crossed the Shenandoah at Swift
'iun Gap, where Jackson made his stand. While there the
•eorganization of the army occurred, and I was elected by
icclamation full colonel of the 23d Regiment and was so com-
nissioned. My nephew, Gen. William B. Taliaferro, in the
' neantime having been promoted to a brigadier general, I
:ontinued now in command of the 3d Brigade of the Stone-
wall Division, of which the 23d Regiment formed a part.
The battle of McDowell was next fought, where I had my
second horse killed under me. Then the affair of Franklin
was followed in quick succession by the battles of Front
Royal, Strasburg, and the first Winchester, where in charging
|i battery I had my sword scabbard shot from my side by
jrape shot. Here occurred the pursuit of General Banks to
Harpers Ferry, and then the second Strasburg was fought,
at which time General Jackson encountered the two Yankee
armies, Freemont moving from Romney, W. Va., and Shields
from Fredericksburg, Va. Next came the battle of Cross
Keys and the decisive battle of Port Republic, the last in the
splendid services of Jackson in the Valley. In each of these
I bore my part. At Port Republic I was slightly wounded,
but painfully, in the shoulder, and this, superseded by an
exhaustive attack of diarrhea contracted in the Valley, pre-
vented my being present in the fights around Richmond when
General McClellan withdrew to the defenses of Old Point.
General Lee centered his troops in an around Gordonsville,
where I rejoined my command. While confined to my cham-
ber, sick and wounded, the Federals under Lieutenant General
Pope for the first time advanced and occupied Culpeper
Courthouse, and of this I was reliably informed by a refu-
gee and, further, that their purpose was that night to burn
the railroad bridge across the Rapidan River and to capture
me, as they were fully advised that I was at home and an in-
valid. Forthwith I dispatched my servant with my horses to
Gordonsville and had another ready in the stable on which
to make my escape. As a further precaution against capture,
I ordered two men to report to me from the single company
detailed to guard the railroad bridge, numbering some forty
men — strange to tell, the importance of preserving it considered
— without a piece of artillery, although higher up the river,
where there was nothing to protect, there was a park of ar-
tillery numbering ten pieces. The privates reported and were
stationed by me at my outer gate, near which the only roads
leading from Culpeper Courthouse converged. I impressed
upon them the all-importance of keeping awake, that there
were only two approaches, and to give me early information
of the approach of danger; therefore I retired to rest, feel-
ing perfectly secure.
Informed somewhat of the movements of the cavalry,
I expected them only at dawn; but at one o'clock I was
aroused by the report of firearms, and the next instant a
servant girl rapped at my window, exclaiming: "Master, the
Yankees are here !" I had arranged everything for a sudden
summons, but was only half dressed when they thundered
upon the door with the hilts of their swords, demanding in-
stant admission. Under my directions my wife opened the
blinds and begged a few minutes to dress herself, and these
few minutes I employed to dress and arm myself, and with
my cocked hat upon my head and my military overcoat across
my arm I passed out through a window, purposely left open
to the rear, which was clear, and thus made my escape. The
whole front yard was crowded, as the enemy's command num-
bered over fifteen hundred men, and I passed within ten
feet of them unchallenged. I refer to this fact because I
must have been taken for a Federal officer, as in that stage of
the war the uniforms were very much alike, a light blue. I
had made a foolish and stupid mental resolve that I would
never show my back to the Yankees, and if I was ever straight
and erect in my life it was while walking through their ranks.
This seeming fearlessness doubtless contributed to save me,
and upon reaching the river's bank under the sheltering trees
I felt perfectly secure. Many shots were fired, but none
came near me, though they reported to my family that I had
been riddled by bullets and lay dead in the garden. The truth
is, I had scant fear of being captured, for if challenged and
halted my purpose was to impersonate one of their officers
and run the gauntlet. In my safe hiding place my ears were
saluted by a yell of triumph ; they had found my horse in the
V
128
^oijfederat^ l/efcerap.
stable. As to the fate of my sentinels, they were found
asleep upon their post by the Yankees, and in attempting to
escape they were both killed.
Twelve days thereafter the battle of Cedar Mountain was
fought. At its opening General Winder, commanding the
Stonewall Division, was killed, and my nephew, being the
next ranking officer, succeeded to the command of the di-
vision; while I, the ranking officer under him. succeeded to
the command of the brigade, and as its commander I led it
on that day and afterwards in all the series of affairs. We
crossed the Hazel and Rappahannock Rivers and soon fought
the three days' battle of Second Manassas. The first day of
the battle my horse was killed under me, and on the second
day in a charge upon the enemy a Minie ball struck the eagle
of my sword belt and, glancing off, alone saved my life ; but
my stomach was badly bruised, and on the third day while
leading a charge upon a battery which was doing fearful exe-
cution in our ranks my hand was struck by a Minie ball and
two fingers of my sword arm crushed and mutilated.
On the first day of these battles Gen. William B. Talia-
ferro, still commanding the Stonewall Division, was severely
wounded in the shoulder and was forced to retire. He was
succeeded in command by General Starke, of Louisiana, the
next ranking officer. The day after the closing battle Gen-
eral Lee diverted his march to Ox Hill, in the county of
Loudoun en route for Maryland at the crossing at Leesburg,
where what has been termed the affair at Ox Hill, or Chan-
tilly, occurred. It should have been dignified with the name
of battle. I had been engaged in the battles of Green Brier
River, Kernstown, McDowell's, the affair at Franklin, Front
Royal, the First and Second Strasburg, Winchester, Cross
Keys, Port Republic, Cedar Mountain, at the crossings of the
Hazel and Rappahannock Rivers, and in the three-day battles
of Second Manassas ; but for the time it raged and lasted
(only one hour) and the number of men engaged it was the
sharpest and most deadly of them all. In this affair, General
Starke being reported sick, I, as the next ranking officer,
commanded the Stonewall Division. The next day the march
was continued, and General Starke, having recovered, re-
sumed the command, my command of the division lasting only
twenty-four hours.
From the bruise about my stomach I could not bear the
pressure and weight of my belt and sword, and from my dis-
abled hand I could not hold my sword or manage my horse;
so under the earnest entreaties and almost commands of the
surgeons I applied for a furlough and returned to my home.
Three days later the battle of Sharpsburg was fought, and
the gallant Starke was killed. Could I have returned to the
army and survived the day and have remained with the army,
I should have succeeded to the full command of the Stone-
wall Division. My promotion was assured without the form
of application to either the President or the Secretary of
War. But the disease contracted in the Valley returned upon
me. I had long borne up against it, but it prostrated me, and
the deaths of my children, God help me. In my heart I had
no further place for ambition. I was never afterwards in
active service with the Army of Northern Virginia proper.
I doubt not that I was the oldest man to volunteer as a pri-
vate in the ranks of either army, North or South, and so I
retired from it.
I was assigned to the command the university post at the
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, and the military de-
partment surrounding after a service of less than eighteen
months with the full command of a brigade and the brief
command of a division, and this before promotion came quid
and rapid. If I have no cause for pride in my military refl
ord, I am surely not ashamed of it.
After the series of battles around Fredericksburg, on th<
6th of February, 1863, Gen. William B. Taliaferro was pro-
moted to major general and ordered to the command of For
Wagner, the most important of the defenses of Charleston
S. C, where he so greatly distinguished himself. A vacant)
thus being made for a brigadier general in the 3d Brigade
of the Stonewall Division, the acting position and duties oi
which I had filled as colonel for many months, though absent
I was not forgotten by them, but instantly upon the promo-
tion of Gen. William B. Taliaferro its officers, field staff
and company with almost unanimity signed a petition in which
they set forth my claims and services and the perfect confi-
dence that they reposed in my leadership, begging that I
might be named their brigadier general. This petition was
as follows :
"Third Brigade, Trimble's Division, Jackson's Corps,
A. N. V., Camp Near Rappahannock River,
February 6, 1863.
"Col Alexander G. Taliaferro — Dear Sir: Brig. Gen. Wil-
liam B. Taliaferro, commanding this brigade, having been
relieved at his own request, the post of brigadier general has
become vacant.
"From your position as senior colonel of the brigade you
are, according to military usage, entitled to the promotion.
In the last campaign, the events of which are so well known,
3'ou have frequently and for long periods had the command
of the brigade both upon the march and in battle. Your ex-
perience, the perfect satisfaction you have rendered to your
superiors, and the high appreciation in which your services
are held by your inferiors in command are the greatest sup-
ports that could possibly be asked for your claims.
"Knowing your modesty to be equal to your merit, we shall
not here offend it by expressing the high reputation you have
won throughout our whole army for courage, gallantry,
ability, and all other qualities of a soldier and a gentleman;
but we do most earnestly request that your claims for pro-
motion may be presented and urged."
This was signed by the field, staff, and company officers of
the 23d Virginia Infantry, 10th Virginia Infantry, 37th Vir-
ginia Infantry, 1st North Carolina Infantry, and 3d North
Carolina Infantry.
This petition was sent me by an express messenger, and
the pressing request renewed that I would hurry to Rich-
mond, present it in person, and press my claim. In all hu-
man probability this was the only instance that occurred
during the continuance of the Confederate war of an applica-
tion of this character, and I value it and would not exchange
the proud expressions of the officers of my old 3d Brigade
for all the parchments that the President or Secretary of
War could sign, made as to the wishes of a command and
as such should have been respected; but appointments were
made arbitrarily from political or personal motives. Mr.
James A. Seddon was then acting Secretary of War. He
told me he would give the application his earliest attention
and would take great pleasure in promoting my wishes and
those of the officers of the brigade. The next day I returned
to my post at Charlottesville, and six days thereafter I saw
Col. George H. Steuart, of Maryland, gazetted as brigadier
general of the 3d Brigade, Stonewall Division.
In justice to Mr. Seddon (my health was very bad) he
ced me if my physical condition was such as to accept the
nmand. I replied that I could not and would not return
the active army in the field as colonel of a regiment after
-ving had the command of a brigade; but if he should give
» position asked I would gladly report to the army if I
:d in the mud and mire. The finale was that I was pro-
ved to brigadier general and continued in the command of
.' military post, which I held up to Appomattox.
f:
i
Confederate l/eterap.
129
TRUE STORY OF THE CAPTURE OF JOHN
WILKES BOOTH.
BY WILLIAM H. GARRETT, LENT, VA.
i
.There have been so many contradictory statements in re-
,rd to the capture of John Wilkes Booth that I shall try
write a correct account of it, I being one of the Garrett
ys who were at home at the time of his capture and death.
[ had just returned from the war. About three days after
'■' arrival there came to my father's home a man by the
me of Captain Jett, with a man riding behind him on the
ne horse. He introduced this man to my father as John
'. Boyd, a Confederate soldier from the army of Lee, who
'd been wounded near Petersburg. He said he had returned
" his home in Maryland, but the authorities required him to
;e the oath, so rather than do that he would return to the
'By. He did not know that Johnston had surrendered in
: West. Captain Jett then requested my father to enter-
n "Mr. Boyd," and he would call for him on Wednesday.
-That night when I came to the house my father introduced
to "Mr. Boyd, an old soldier." I was struck with his
! >ks, as he was the handsomest man I had ever seen. He
•nained that night, the next day, and the next night, when
■ was shot. The first night he slept in the same room with
' brother Jack and myself. He seemed to sleep well. The
J tt day he remained about the premises with me and the
Jnger children.
■During the noon meal my brother, who had been to a
Oemaker's, said he had heard that President Lincoln had
':n assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, and a reward of
e hundred thousand dollars had been offered for his ar-
■t. I made the remark : "I wish he would come this way.
1 like to get that amount."
i\Ir. Boyd looked at me without showing any excitement
d said: "Would you do such a thing?"
[ replied : "That is a big sum."
My father then said: "He is young and foolish. He does
t mean what he says."
•Then the conversation turned to other topics.
After the meal Boyd returned to the porch. My sister
Hnie said to him that she thought the death of Lincoln was
nost unfortunate thing to have happened at this time. He
)lied that it was the best thing that could have happened,
Andrew Johnson would be made President, and he was a
jnken sot. It would cause a revolution and would be
; best thing for the South.
About three o'clock three men came to within about three
ndred yards of the house and beckoned to Mr. Boyd. He
:t them, and they remained in conversation about half an
ur; then two of the men left, leaving one behind whom
:. Boyd introduced as a friend of his. Sometime later
: two men returned, and the other man went to meet them.
: came back and said he was notified that there was a body
troops coming from the direction of Port Royal. They
med to be excited and left for the woods, where they re-
//
mained until dusk. On their return they learned that the
troops had passed on toward Bowling Green, which seemed
to satisfy them.
My father had become suspicious that these men were not
what they claimed to be, as Captain Jett had not called for
Mr. Boyd, as promised, so after supper he told them they
could not stay in his house that night ; they had better go
back to the woods. They said they were not criminals and
requested him to let them sleep in some outhouse, so he told
them they could stay in the tobacco house.
Brother Jack and I went with them to the barn, and after
they had entered, fearing they might in the night come out
and take our horses, we lotked the door. Not being satisfied
with that precaution, as there were doors that fastened on
the inside, we concluded to sleep in a shuck house near by
to guard our horses. We were aroused about one o'clock by
the barking of the dogs and quite a commotion going on.
Jack said he would investigate and for me to remain in the
shuck house. He was met by a posse of soldiers and or-
dered to surrender. He replied: "Where is your commander?
Take me to him." He was conducted to the house, where
he found that they had taken my father out of doors in his
night clothes and were calling for a rope to swing him up
by because he could not tell them where the men were. Jack
told them to let father alone, that he would take them to the
barn, for there were two men out there, but he did not know
who they were. They found the barn door locked, and I
took the key to them. Then they made my brother go in
and tell the men that they must surrender, as there were
fifty men around the barn, and they could not escape.
Boyd said to my brother : "Get out of here at the risk of
your life. You have betrayed me."
Brother reported what he said to the officer, who told him
to lock the door. He then told my brother and me to pile
brush near the side door, which we did. While doing so
Boyd said : "Stop that. If you put any more there, it will
be at your peril."
The officer then told us not to put any more there, and
he commenced to parley with Boyd and his companion. He
told them to come out and surrender. Boyd refused,' say-
ing: "I do not know to whom I am to surrender. I do not
know who you are. You may be my friends."
The officer said : "It makes no difference ; I know who you
are. I came for you, and I am going to take you."
Boyd then said : "There is a man in here who wishes to
come out."
The officer said: "Tell him to leave his arms and come
out."
Boyd said : "He has no arms ; they are mine."
The officer then ordered my brother to unlock the door.
He made the man put forth his arms, and cuffs were placed
on them, and he was jerked out and the door fastened as
quickly as if they feared a tiger might bounce out on them.
Boyd then came to a crack in the barn and said to the officer :
"Captain, I have a bead on your heart. I could kill you, but
I do not wish to shed innocent blood. Call your men off
fifty yards and open the door, and I will come out and fight.
Give me some chance for my life."
The officer said : "No, I did not come to fight ; I came to
capture you." He then placed my brother and me each at a
corner of the barn by a light from a candle, with a guard
over us with instructions that if the man inside fired a shot
we were to be shot and not allowed to escape.
Boyd said to the officer : "Those men are innocent. They
130
Qopfederat^ l/eterap.
do not know who I am. I will not surrender, so prepare
a stretcher for me. Here is one more stain on the glorious
banner. Do your worst."
Then it was that an officer, whom I afterwards learned
was Colonel Conger, twisted some straw and lighted it and
set the barn on fire. As soon as the barn was lighted up
a shot was heard.
An officer, Lieutenant Baker, was standing near the front
door, and when the shot was heard he said to me : "Give me
the key; he has shot himself."
I unlocked the door, and he and I ran in and took hold
of the man to lift him up. We found that he could not walk.
I then left them to go and work on the fire, hoping to put
it out and save the barn, but it could not be saved; it was
burned with all its contents. The loss was about two thou-
sand dollars, for which no compensation was ever made.
I then learned for the first time that it was John Wilkes
Booth who had been shot. He was shot by Sergeant Corbitt,
a religious crank, who claimed that the Lord had directed
him to avenge the death of the President. The ball passed
through Booth's neck and paralyzed him from his neck down.
He was taken to the house and placed on the porch floor. A
mattress was then put under him, and he lived about two
hours. All he said was to Lieutenant Baker : "Tell my mother
good-by. What I did I thought was for the best." Then
he passed away.
I learned that the young man who came with him was
David Harrold. He was tied to a tree in the yard with his
hands behind him.
Booth was sewed in a blanket and a one-horse carryall was
hired from a negro man, Ned Freeman, who took him to
Belle Plain, a wharf on the Potomac. My brother, Harrold,
and I were taken to the same place, each behind a soldier.
Then we took the same boat that had brought the troops
down from Washington, and we returned to Washington.
We were taken to the arsenal, brother and I escorted by
four detectives, one on each side of us. We were placed in
a cell 6x8 feet the first night. The next day we were given
the liberty of the guardroom with the soldiers. We remained
there about five days. During the time the public heard of
the capture and of our being confined there, and a mob made
a raid on the arsenal to take us out, what to do with us I
do not know unless to hang us.
They had to double the guard and place cannon in front
of the gates. The commotion kept up most of the night.
We were well treated, Irish soldiers guarding us. We were
then taken to the old Capitol Prison under a heavy guard.
They formed a hollow square and placed us in the middle.
All the way to the old prison we were hissed at and followed
by the cry of "Rebel ! Rebel !" We were placed in a room
with a Confederate colonel who had been arrested as a sus-
pect. He seemed to be a man of means, bought his drarn,
and kept drunk most of the time.
We remained there about seven days, then we were taken
before the chief of the detective department. We were the7i
paroled to report each day at nine o'clock. We then learned
that we were to be used as witnesses, and we were sent to a
boarding house kept by a gentleman of color. We were
never taken to court, but our affidavit was taken and used
in favor of Lieutenant Baker as being the first man to place
his hand on Booth after he was shot. Corbitt, who did the
shooting, thought the reward was his, so he installed him-
self in a hotel, taking two rooms. He took quite an interest
in us, having us to call on him, and when leaving he placed
a Bible and twenty-five dollars in our hands. It was said
that he died insane.
After being kept there a month we were given our trans-
portation home. From Baltimore we took the first traffic
boat that had been up the Rappahannock River since the
war. Arriving home in the night, our people were wild with
joy at seeing us, for they had not heard a thing from us
since we left.
It has been said that my brother Jack betrayed Booth.
Here are a few more facts : Two men came to Port Conway,
on the King George side of the river, and hailed the ferry-
man, Bill Rollins, who was out fishing. He did not come
at once, so in the meantime there rode up three soldiers of
Mosb/s command — Captain Jett and Lieutenants Ruggles and
Bainbridge — who also wished to cross. While waiting one
of the two men, the youngest, came up and met the three,
and during their conversation he said : "That man on the log
is Booth, who shot Lincoln." The man heard him and said,.
"I did not wish you to tell that; you have killed us," or
something to that effect.
They were put across the river by Rollins and a negro,
Jim Thornton, but I do not know that they were told who
they were taking over. On reaching Port Royal they tried to
get lodging at Mr. Gibbs's, who kept an inn there, but he
was not at home; so the soldiers brought Booth to my
father's place, Captain Jett bringing him to the house on
his own horse. Jett then went to Bowling Green, where the
soldiers found him and brought him back to my father's the
night Booth was killed.
Colonel Baker, chief detective of the War Department, re-
ceived notice that two men were seen leaving the Maryland
shore one dark night. It was his impression that that was
the route they would take, as he (Booth) had traveled it
several times going to Richmond as a spy. So he ordered
a detachment of soldiers, with two of his trusted detectives,
and gave them orders to land at Belle Plain, on the Potomac,
and to proceed to Port Conway, on the Rappahannock, be-
lieving he would strike the trail. When they arried there,
they of course inquired of the ferryman, Mr. Rollins, about
the men. He informed them that such men had crossed.
Now who betrayed Booth? Did Captain Jett or Bill Rol-
lins or Jack Garrett or Colonel Baker, chief detective? I
give the facts.
SPRING GREETING.
(From the German of Herder.)
All faintly through my soul to-day,
As from a bell that far away
Is tinkled by some frolic fa}',
Flouteth a lovely chiming.
Thou magic bell, to many a fell
And many a winter-saddened dell
Thy tongue a tale of spring doth tell,
Too passionate-sweet for rhyming.
Chime out, thou little song of Spring,
Float in the blue sky ravishing.
Thy song of life a joy doth bring
That's sweet, albeit fleeting.
Float on the Spring-winds e'en to my home ;
And when thou to a rose shall come
That hath begun to show her bloom,
Say, I send her greeting! — Sidney Lanier.
Point Lookout Prison, 1864.
^opfederat^ Ueterai),
131
SIDNEY LANIER.
"A perfect life in perfect labor wrought."
BY MRS. A. A. CAMPBELL, HISTORIAN GENERAL U. D. C.
Sidney Lanier is numbered among the few great poets of
America and, with Edgar Allan Poe, represents the South in
his high fellowship. Critics may stress different characteris-
es of his work, but to the unlearned there are three salient
[ualities which impress even the casual reader : first, intense
itality; second, the varied mental pictures suggested; and last,
he pure beauty of the thoughts enshrined in words. A lover
if nature, a musician, a student of the classics, and a deeply
eligious soul stand revealed, also a mystic, as we call those
rfio catch a clearer vision of "the little landscape of our life"
a its relation to the boundless vista of eternity. Lowell said
ie was a man of genius with a rare gift for the happy word,
^anier's own conviction is thus affirmed : "I know through
he fiercest tests of life that I am in soul and shall be in life
nd utterance a great poet."
i A writer of the present, in a critical estimate of Lanier's
;enius, says : "With the spiritual endowment of a poet
.nd an unusual sense of melody, where was he lacking in
vhat makes a great poet? In power of expression. * * *
.rhe touch of finality is not in his words. Lack of time to
evise his work. Sickness, poverty, hard work, robbing him
->f the repose and the serenity essential to the development
yf the artist."
The "Symphony" was written in four days, the "Psalm
if the West," in a few weeks, the "Centennial Cantana" in
, even days. Yet, falling short of the supreme perfection he
, night have attained in more fortuitous circumstances, as the
ecord of his thirty-nine years is read, where is there another
ife more inspiring in its heroic struggle with untoward con-
litions or insuperable obstacles and more bravely defiant in
-he long battle with disease? Sidney Lanier was born in
; 842, a descendant of the Huguenots and the Scotch-Irish,
wo of the finest strains which have mingled in the making of
Americans. From one he inherited the music and poetry
vhich transform the clod into the finer clay which choice
■pirits inhabit, and from the other came the stalwart virtues
'.nd serene faith which enable mortals to endure "as seeing
rlim who is invisible."
Southern biography, it must be confessed, departs some-
vhat from Southern fiction in its financial estimates of ante
lellum opulence. Society, as Voltaire notices, heard even
hen the rustling of brocades coming down and sabots going
ip. A static' condition may be approximately maintained
hrough primogeniture reenforced by marriage with heiresses,
mt in Dixie land, except for an occasional spendthrift trust,
here were no artificial barriers to prevent the division of
:states or to suspend the law which makes the careless and
ncompetent the natural prey of the diligent and efficient.
3iography indicates that even in "the days that are no more"
here was in the South a professional class whose modest
moluments added zest to the problem of making both ends
neet and a proletariat (commonly known as poor white
rash) which attained the ne plus ultra of sloth and ig-
lorance.
In Macon, Ga., in the year 1842, there were many pillared
)orticos owned by wealthy citizens, mostly on the hills above
he flourishing little town, which was becoming a railroad
:enter, and in a small cottage down on High Street Robert
jampson Lanier and Mary Anderson, his wife, founded a
1/
home which was a center of piety and culture. He was a
struggling young lawyer and in time built up a good practice,
but there was evidently no surplus of either capital or in-
come. Three children came to this home, Sidney, Clifford,
and Gertrude, bound together by closest ties of sympathy and
affection. Education was a tradition in the Lanier family
and the love of music an inheritance which they believed was
derived from a remote ancestor who was a musician in the
household of Queen Elizabeth. Sidney and Clifford went
to Oglethorpe College, and when the call to arms came in
1861 both answered adsum promptly and served with daring
and fidelity from the beginning until almost the close of hos-
tilities. Both took part in the campaigns in Virginia, and in
December, 1864, were transferred to Wilmington, the last
port of the Confederacy to close. They were signal officers
on blockade runners, hazardous work, which was soon ended,
for Clifford's ship, the Talisman, was lost, but he fortunately
was saved, and Sidney's ship, Lucy, was captured, and he
was sent to prison at Point Lookout.
The hardships endured during the imprisonment of nearly
five months developed tuberculosis, and with this handicap,
the price of patriotic devotion, Sidney Lanier began life
again in his devastated country. The old order, the old
comforts and compensations had alike vanished. Entering
"the unfamiliar avenue of a new era" with precarious means
of support, it was perfectly Southern and characteristic for
him to take unto himself a wife. In December, 1867, he
married Miss Lucy Day, and a union of ideal happiness be-
gan, tenderly depicted in the poem "My Springs." She was
a devoted helpmeet and as his literary executrix the zealous
guardian of his fame. For the next six years Sidney was
"finding himself" and seeking health, doing some writing
also, notably his one novel, "Tiger Lilies." After trying and
abandoning the law, he definitely resolved to adopt music as
a profession. His real life, in both music and literature, be-
gan in 1873 in Baltimore when he became flutist in the Pea-
body Orchestra. A congenial environment, opportunity to
study in the Peabody Library, and the deepening conscious-
ness of his own powers made the next eight years the hap-
piest of his life. As if he realized that Balzac's "Peau de
Chagrin" measured his days, the fertility of those years is
amazing. Always, however, weaving through the music of
the orchestra, and for Lanier its leit motif, was the howling
of the wolf. Surely life's profoundest tragedy is the mora-
torium which necessity declares against the leisure and re-
pose in which genius can attain its ultimate development.
He was an indefatigable worker, for work meant bringing
to him the adored wife and sons. Prose had a commercial
value which made it expedient for him to write "the Boy's
Froissart, Mabinogion," a guidebood to Florida, and other
pot boilers, all permeated by his charming style and gentle
humor. Ten volumes of his prose works were collected.
While visiting Macon in 1874 he wrote "Corn," which ap-
peared the next year in Lippincotfs Magazine. With "A
Psalm of the West," the "Symphony," and a few short poems,
it comprises the slim brown volume, dedicated to Charlotte
Cushman, which was published in 1877. There are few pas-
sages more exquisite than the comparison of the old hill to
"King Lear,"
"Whom the divine Cordelia of the year
E'en pitying spring will vainly strive to cheer."
It presages the depth and power which later found expres-
sion in "The Marshes of Glynn," esteemed by critics his
1 3 2
Qotyfederat^ l/eterai).
greatest poem and worthy to rank with the best in our litera-
ture.
Although Lanier continued to play his wonderful flute and
composed several melodies for it, he gave up the Peabody
Orchestra and became lecturer on English literature at Johns
Hopkins University. To these lectures he devoted the waning
strength of his last years. No bitterness mars his allusions
to the war which took toll of his lifeblood.
"Headstrong South would have his way,
Headstrong North hath said him nay."
The little ballad of the "Trees and the Master" and "The
Crystal Christ" seem almost too intimate and sacred even
for reverent comment. Through the veil they lift one has a
glimpse of the resignation and the inward light as Lanier
approached the final mystery. In 1881 he sought in the heal-
ing air of the North Carolina mountains the rest he sorely
needed, and there, in the shadow of Mount Pisgah, came the
final summons on September 7. Surely this rare and beauti-
ful spirit found "on the Paradise side of the river of death"
all that he anticipated in his last poem, "Sunrise," dictated on
his deathbed.
Sidney Lanier was buried in Greenmount Cemetery, Balti-
more's sweet, silent "sleeping place." Down in the city, deaf
to its discord, is the grave of Edgar Allan Poe. Lanier was
a being of courage and hope, with a heart and mind attuned
to the noblest aspirations which thrill humanity; Poe a figure
of supreme sorrow, a dweller in ghoul-haunted forests and
the dank tarn of Auber, distilling from mingled genius and
misery a few immortal poems and unsurpassed short stories.
No comparison of these lives, almost identical in their span,
seems possible ; but it is a noteworthy fact that Poe, dying
in 1849, and Lanier, a generation later, had this experience
in common : each found in their happier and more prosperous
Northern contemporaries the sympathy, encouragement, and
discerning appreciation which are the incentive to creative
effort and also its best reward. It would also seem that cen-
ters of learning and culture are a necessary environment to
some natures : If the spirit's lamp does not actually cease
to burn in the small town or country, it dwindles to an in-
finitesimal source of illumination.
Reviewing the lives of Southern literary men, the chasten-
ing thought must come that Ireland is not alone in being "the
birthplace of genius, but never its home." Southern careers
in literature, as well as in music and art, are pursued under
difficulties, and success, if attained, is not a facile triumph,
but a hard-won and well-deserved reward.
THE LAST SONG IN A BURNING HOME.
(From "Women of the South in War Times.")
In all America perhaps, but certainly in the Valley of the
Shenandoah, a name which will ever be held up to execration
is that of Gen. David Hunter. This execration is by no
means sectional or partisan, for General Hunter was secretly
and often openly scorned by many Federal soldiers who had
the misfortune to serve under him, while it is said that not
a few refused to obey his orders.
On his invasion of the Shenandoah Valley in 1864 the first
victim to suffer under the ruthless policy of General Hunter
was his first cousin, Hon. Andrew Hunter, of Charles Town,
Va., (W. Va.) Not content with directing that Mr. Hunter,
an elderly man, be placed in close confinement, General Hun-
ter gave orders that Mr. Hunter's house be burned. His
cousins, the women of the household, were not permitted to
save either their clothing or their family portraits from the
flames. Thereafter, in order to make the destruction com-
plete, General Hunter camped his cavalry on the highly culti-
vated ground surrounding the site of the house until every
vestige of lawn and garden had been utterly ruined.
This exploit having been brought to a close, General Hunter
sent out a force with orders to destroy Fountain Rock, the
Boteler residence, near Shepherdstown. Colonel Boteler was
a member of the Confederate Congress and was then in
Richmond. At the time of General Hunter's invasion the
only members of the family at home were Mrs. Davis Shep-
herd, Colonel Boteler's widowed daughter, who was an in-
valid, her three children, the oldest of whom was not six
years old, and Miss Helen Boteler.
On July 19, 1864, therefore, in pursuance of instructions
from General Hunter, Capt. William F. Martindale, with a
detachment of cavalry, rode up to the Boteler home. Warned
of their approach, Mrs. Shepherd met the soldiers at the
door. Captain Martindale stated that he had come to burn
her house and its contents. Pleading was in vain, and Mrs.
Shepherd and Miss Boteler made preparations to save house-
hold and personal effects ; but Captain Martindale, in accord-
ance with the orders of General Hunter, directed that every-
thing be consigned to the flames. The furniture was piled
up on the floor, straw was brought from the barn, and the
soldiers busied themselves scattering over all kerosene oil,
which they had brought with them for the purpose. In the
midst of this work of destruction Miss Boteler, a devoted
student of music, pleaded for her piano. This was denied
her, and while the flames were bursting out in other rooms
she went into the parlor and, seating herself for the last time
before the instrument, began to sing Charlotte Elliott's hymn I
"My God, my Father, while I stray
Far from my home, on life's rough way,
O teach me from my heart to say,
'Thy will be done !' "
A soldier seized her to lead her out of the house, but she
pulled away from him and sang again :
"Though dark nry path, and sad my lot,
Let me be still and murmur not,
Or breathe the prayer divinely taught,
'Thy will be done !' "
In amazement the cavalrymen thought the girl was crazed
with grief ; but as the flames came nearer Miss Boteler calmly
shut down the lid of the piano, locked it, and went out under
the trees, the only shelter left for herself, her sick sister, and
the frightened little children.
THE SOLDIER'S FATE.
Dreaming that love and hope no more
Would come to him on sea or shore,
In some fierce fray he longed to die,
But death, disdainful, passed him by.
And when, at last, glad tidings came.
The homeward call to love and fame,
Close to a fen of poisonous breath
The soldier met an ambushed death !
— William H. Hayne.
^oi}federat$ l/eterai).
^33
SHARPSBVRG.
BY JOHN N. WARE, SEWANEE, TENN.
iharpsburg pulls out its shoe string length along the
1 gerstown-Stepherdstown Pike, a drowsy little one-street
jm, a Brer Rabbit sort of a place, "jes' haltin' 'twix er
akdown an' er balk," no reason for going back, certainly
f] incentive for going forward, just a somnolent little lizard
: petually sunning itself. One brief day of glory it has
'i in its one hundred and fifty years, the kind of glory we
Slish mortals associate with trumpets and powder, for-
ting the toll in what was once God's own image.
And in commemoration of that one brief day and to do
l ing honor to those who died, the living come back one
'ptember 17, just fifty-eight years after, and wander again
;r those fields and through those woods and along the
fhks of a narrow little winding creek. A tiny little stream
i leed, but so was the Rubicon, and the Marne is not so
J -y large. You tag along with these old men, and you hear
■:ch that thrills you, and that night you have a queer
i 1 am. This is what you dream : You are witnessing an
ormous movie. You stand in front of a tiny little brick
ilirch surrounded by a few trees. By it runs a macadam
hd, along which goes an endless stream of automobiles.
: the northwest there is a thin strip of woods, farther off
I the northeast another thin strip. Between are rich fields
!'i prosperous-looking houses and barns. Some distance
i to the right there is a large walled-in place where there
: i many little headstones in orderly array. It is like a paint-
;, this serene landscape. And then it fades out slowly, and
: lew film is before you.
pit is still September 17, you notice by a calendar by the
■'■ ge door, but it is now earliest dawn. You can scarcely
I tinguish anything, but dimly you realize that it is the same
i.ce. And yet it seems strangely different. There are more
pods and less open land between ; the road is the same, but
is now flanked by rail fences, and the automobiles are
ne. In fact, it is entirely deserted, and this seems peculiar
you, because all around you are men. Strange-looking men
:y are, burned almost black, lean and long of face and
lme, unbelievably dusty and dirty, clad, if you can call it
■, d, in fantastic rags, and shod, when they are shod at all, in
surd shoes, some with toes gone, others with soles tied on
;h strings or green withes. At times they scratch themselves
iguorously as if rather from sheer force of habit than from
y hope of reaching any definite conclusion, and profanely
d querulously and inelegantly they argue as to whether that
in in their middle is a belly- or a bachache, the two parts
-ng so close together that there is no way of distinguishing
arly the limitations of each. You gather that for the past
•ee days they have had nothing to eat but "one mess of
as'in' ears, an' raw at that," and you gather further that
:y "hope to God that them cooks gets finished 'fore Ole
begins." Ole Who begins what? you wonder. It is all
I eek to you, and still more Greek is all this cryptic talk
out Ole Jube being with Ole Jeb and the Ole Man and
e Mack. But, nevertheless, though puzzled, you feel that
mething tense is afoot, and you look again at the calendar,
is, it is September 17, but now you note with a start what
d escaped you before. Time has turned back fifty-eight
irs in its flight, and you are with the Army of Northern
rginia. Over yonder in that east woods is Jo Hooker
th his 1st Corps, of the Army of the Potomac. And he-
re you can think another thought there is a crash of ar-
lery, and a man near you remarks casually, "Thar she goes,
4**
I
//
boys," and once more tragedy stalks the boards, and that
busy old miller, History, has commenced grinding more
human grist.
There is in front of you a field of corn just ready to cut,
and above the tassels you see the glint of bayonets. So, it
seems, do other eyes, and from those innocent-looking east
woods there is suddenly a roar of cannon. It is the crash
that you have just heard, and bayonets and men and corn
go down in regular rows under the blade of the reaper, such
a reaper as never before has harvested that field and, please
God, never will again.
And then in the brighter light you see the ten brigades of
Jo Hooker bearing down on the seven of Old Jack and
Dick Ewell. On the right is Doubleday, Gen. Forty-Eight
Hours, as the seldom playful Stonewall calls him in the one
known pun of his life, and there is certainly nothing play-
ful in the meeting of the twain now. Winder and J. R.
Jones are behind stone ledges and rail fences, giving and
taking tremendous punishment ; down the pike Stark's Louisi-
anians and Taliaferro's Virginians and Alabamians are des-
perately wrestling back and forth with Meade, and near the
Dunker church it is sickening. There is an open field here,
and in this field yesterday you watched a young man prosily
driving a harrow and whistling "Love Nest" murderously off
the key, but blissfully ignorant of it. It is no love nest now,
for here Ricketts is fighting Lawton and Trimble and Hayes,
and the two forces are fairly tearing each other to pieces.
Your friends are killing man for man, but there are too
many of the others, and foot by foot the ragged gray men
are forced back to the church.
An orderly runs up to a black-bearded man near you : "Gen-
eral Lawton's compliments, and will General Hood come at
once to his support?" "I told you so," says the dirty in-
dividual who had guessed correctly that Jo Hooker would
arrive before "them d— n cooks" did, and then he adds as if
very much bored : "Le's go shoot us a few squirrels, an' then
maybe we can eat a mess of sumpin' or other in peace." And
with this benediction, grace before meals, as it were, out
sweep Wofford and Laws, Georgians, Alabamians, North
Carolinians, Mississippians, and, hardest fighters probably in
all that army of hard fighters, Hood's Texans. And D. H.
Hill, on the right, chips in with Ripley and Colquitt and
Garland, and once more the red tide of battle flows across the
cornfield.
And at the north edge of this, with Hooker almost de-
stroyed, comes the 12th Corps to salvage the wreckage. An-
other appalling butchery of men in the open, and again you
see your gray friends borne back, fighting viciously all the
way. After a while what is left of them are in the woods
around the little church, but now the work of "them d — n
cooks" has been materially lightened. Of the two hundred
and twenty-seven who went out with the 1st Texas, there are*
only twenty-nine now left to be fed, and of Wofford's whole
brigade of eight hundred and sixty-four only three hundred
and sixteen. Still unfed and undaunted, the three hundred
and sixteen take position just west of the road, and not fifty
yards away, behind a merciful ledge of rock, those of Greene's
men who have survived the fiery furnace. They are in an
uncomfortable fix, unable to advance and reluctant to re-
treat, the latter an unhealthy operation anyhow. Their line
of retreat is over an open field, and across the road are some
very hungry and therefore very irascible gentlemen extremely
quick and accurate on the trigger and in no wise slow to
anger. So Greene's men hang on, hoping for some one to
134
C^opfederat^ Ueterai),
come along and enable them to let that bear loose, and the
righting simmers down all along the pike. Not one hundred
yards apart are two bodies of utterly spent men, both watch-
ing intently for the offensive move that neither is able to
make.
It is the calm before the storm, but any breathing space is
acceptable in this horrible nightmare, and you find time to
note two things with a certain grim amusement. You are a
spectator you know, and so you can go where and do what
you want to. You notice in the west wood how expert some
of those men in gray are in transferring property and how
they overlook the little niceties of waiting for the former
owner to become the late owner before the transfer takes
place. And over in the east woods you are struck by the
numbers of wounded men, each one supported by from one
to four very solicitous and unwounded Samaritans. No
wonder that Jo Hooker complains that his corps was "for
the time much scattered." Of the nearly ten thousand he
took into the fight, 6,729 were present next morning, and four
days later there were 13,093. You think of the American gas
shell dump exploded by the Germans at St. Mihiel and of
the resultant precipitate departure of the men around. One
of them turns up at sunset next day. "Where have you
been ?" demands his outraged captain. "Captain, honest to
goodness, I don't know ; but it sure took me good walking
all day to get back." It took over six thousand of the 1st
Corps four days to get back, and, looking at the dismal sight
before you, you can't much blame them.
But now your respite is over, and tensely you watch the
next film. From the northeast come heavy masses of blue
and from the south long lines of gray, and in a moment from
the east woods come Sedgwick's men oi Sumner's 2d Corps.
Across the blood-soaked cornfield they come unopposed and,
crossing the pike still unopposed and in a sinister dead silence,
bury themselves in those ominous west woods. Even your
unmilitary mind tells you that the three lines are much too
close together and that there is no protection for the flanks,
and you are sure that disaster is impending. Eecause you
see what Sedgwick cannot ; he is in a deadly trap, with no
chance of salvation. On his right and hidden from him by
a ridge are Jube Early and the mere handful that is left of
D. R. Jones's brigade, on his left, behind rock ledges and
trees, Walker, and in his front McLaws, in all some eight
thousand men. And then the victims come to the west edge
of the woods, and Gorman and Dana climb a fence and are
lining up in a little wood road when the storm breaks. If
there was silence before, there is noise enough now, for
Sedgwick is caught front, flank, and almost rear in a raging
furnace, a terrific fire, to which he cannot reply and in which
he loses nearly forty per cent of his men almost in a breath.
It is mercifully soon over, for flesh and blood cannot stand
anything like this, and in a very few minutes the tide flows
back over the pike and that cursed cornfield and clear back
to the east woods. It has set so strong this time that you
wonder if it can be stopped, and as if in answer to your
question comes Hancock. He has no orders, but Hancock
never needs an order or an invitation to fight anyhow, and
with a fine Irish disregard of the amenities and apparently
not caring whether is is a private fight or one in which any-
body can mix, he comes out of the east woods and meets
McLaws, and stops him. The gray men fall back to the place
from which they started, and that seems to be a very satis-
factory arrangement for everybody, for nobody follows.
But you are not sure that somebody won't, and you and
the gaunt, powder-blackened men watch the opposite woods
with much interest. Little by little this feeling subsides, and
an air of perfect relaxation takes its place. On seeking the
cause you find that some one has mentioned to the "Old Man"
that it looked like the Yanks "would soon be coming over
again" and that the "Old Man," with one leg thrown across
the pommel of his saddle and paying more attention to a
wormy peach than to anything else, had remarked dryly that
"those people" were "through for the day." This uninspiring-
looking somebody, it would seem, is a sort of oracle, because
all hands seem to take it for granted that they are through
for the day and address themselves to their several needs.
These are simple enough — sleep and food. And here you
leave them, for the "Old Man" was right; they were through
for the day on his front.
You are glad to leave, for in the little space before you lie
5,700 gray and 6,600 blue figures, the bloody toll of six hours
of insane butchery. Among these figures you see fifteen gen-
erals and brigadiers, and it is borne in on you that this is
indeed some other age, an age in which officers do not send
men on dreadful errands, but go with them.
And then the camera of your dream shifts, and you see
that quiet little shady grass-covered road of yesterday. It
is now treeless and bare and aroar from end to end with one
continuous crash of musketry. It is full of Alabamians and
Georgians and North Carolinians, and they crouch behind
piled-up rails and kill and are killed in shocking fashion.
You think of the old Yankee soldier who yesterday in the
Roulette lane had the floor. You might edit his words ; but
as you are of those who find it profitless to gild the sunset
or perfume the rose, you remember exactly what he said :
"We had the North Carolinians in front of us, and we knew
we were in for a nice time. I've heard fellows say the North
Carolina fellows warn't as mean offensive fighters as some
of them Rebs from other States, and maybe they are right.
I don't know ; they all looked alike to me. But one thing I
know, when it come to making them turn loose from where
they was, them dirty, lousy North Carolinians was the
beatenest fellows in the whole Rebel army for sticking to the
place they was at. You couldn't pry 'em loose. They acted
like any place they was was their ticket to heaven."
And then you come back to your dream and overhear a
brief and to-the-point dialogue between Colonel Christie, of
the 23d North Carolina, and one of his men who is offering
himself as the exception to the rule and is trading his birth-
right for a safer place. Says the Colonel to this safety-first
soul: "Why are you away from your command?" And he an-
swered truthfully enough in all conscience: "Colonel, that ain't
no fittin' place for no white man." Indeed, it isn't you agree.
You see the assailants slowly breasting the fiery storm until
they reach the high ground overlooking this road, and once
there you see the road enfiladed and men dying like flies.
They lie in all sorts of fantastic shapes piled up in hideous
layers, and the few survivors fall back through another corn-
field and line up in a long lane. They are followed, but you
can't bring yourself to be alarmed because by now you have
discovered an axiom. By the time any gray men have been
driven out of a position their assailants have been so mauled
that they have neither the strength nor the inclination to be
too persistently disagreeable. And it seems further to be
one of the laws of the Medes and Persians that under no
circumstances must a blue attack be supported : You see two
army corps of over 30,000 men twiddling their thumbs not
far behind this sunken road, but you know by this time that.
<^OT?federat^ Vetera^.
135
though they are brave men and willing, this is all that they
will do, and so it is.
In front of the lane there is a stir in the corn, and presently
out comes a queer-looking little handful of some two hundred
men, many of them officers, and headed by a general on foot.
He has a musket and is using it. It is that dauntless old
Presbyterian D. H. Hill, no long-distance, bombproof gen-
eral, no, not he. Close by Longstreet is dismounted holding
the horses of his staff, which is busily engaged serving two
guns of a deserted battery. And you realize what a man's
job it is to beat an army in which division commanders wield
muskets and corps commanders serve guns if and when oc-
casion requires. And as a further and natural result, you feel
a heightened respect for the army that had to face this com-
bination.
But now it seems to be getting late, and the action is some-
what indistinct, and the camera is flickering badly. You see
a creek with high western banks and a stone bridge. Across
the bridge is a low ridge, and there yesterday you heard two
old New Yorkers telling each other all about it. Said he of
the Slst New York, a plain-spoken old soul: "Yes, I was
with Burnside. The old buzzard [only that wasn't exactly
the word he used], he oughter been shot at sunrise next morn-
ing. It's a pity they hadn't done it that morning. We had
been sticking around behind this ridge nearly twenty-four
hours, and the good-for-nothing coward hadn't even sent out
anybody to locate the bridge, and it not more than two hun-
dred yards away. So when Crook moved out on it with no
guides, didn't he miss it entirely? I'll say he did. And I
reckon it's a good thing he did too, because the Rebs would
have murdered him. They say there weren't more than six
hundred of them there, but from the racket they made I would
have sworn that there were six hundred thousand."
So, provided with this illuminating and ex-cathedra de-
scription of a leisurely, vague old dodderer of a corps com-
mander, you take up your position with Toomb's Georgians
and see them dispensing with open hands that warm Southern
hospitality of which the poets sing.
Burnside has often been damned with that faint praise of
being called good-hearted. It is quite evident right now that,
no matter what or where his heart is, his stomach at least
is not in this fight. Or maybe he is absent-minded and does
not grasp the fact that not two miles away are friends of
his engaged in an enterprise to which he is not entirely for-
eign. At any rate, with prayers and entreaties and urgent
commands pouring in on him, you see him, as if he had all
eternity before him, spend three hours doing what a resolute
man would have done in fifteen minutes. You see him cross
the bridge and line up in most leisurely fashion on the west-
ern bank. You see him aimlessly taking whole brigades out
and sending them back to get the munitions that should have
been right there, and then when, almost in spite of himself,
he has arrived almost in the very streets of the little town,
wide awake for its one time, something happens.
With victory in plain sight, and beckoning an apparently
unwilling suitor, you see hurrying along the Harper's Ferry
road some 3,500 men who puzzle you. They are in blue, and
you know that the only men in that direction entitled to wear
that colorer are 11,000 unfortunates who got caught in a
trap two days before. Yet they came along in that unmis-
takable swinging distance-eating stride that makes a Confed-
erate recognizable a mile away, and you realize that it is all
right. It is A. P. Hill, and every man clothed in brand-new
Yankee clothes. The Confederate soldier is no faddist, no
blind follower of fashion's vagaries. Why not? To him.
clothes are clothes, and the cut and color are not as impor-
tant as the fact' of them. So in Yankee clothes and shoes
and shooting Yankee bullets out of Yankee guns, they an-
nounce their presence to Burnside's men, alread}' busy enough
in all conscience with what they have in front of them.
You see these giving back slowly and then breaking to pieces,
and in a few minutes they are back once more to the little
stream.
And then the camera swings slowly all around, and before
you spreads a ghastly panorama, a strip of blood-soaked land
only a half mile wide and covered with the mangled bodies
of 25,000 American brothers. The camera clicks, the show
is over, and so is your dream. You awake with a terrified
start, shuddering at the mere recollection of what you have
seen. But being an intelligent being, you know that such a
silly, sinful, wasteful thing as this is not possible in this
commonsense, practical land of ours and that it was all noth-
ing but a nightmare. And, having thus reassured yourself,
you go tranquilly back to sleep.
THE PRIVATE SOLDIER.
BY JOHN C. STILES, BRUNSWICK, GA.
After the battle of Murfreesboro, General Bragg, in his re-
port of the fight, after making complimentary remarks about
his officers, said this of the rank and file :
"To the private soldier a fair meed of praise is due; and
though it is seldom given and so rare expected that it may
be considered out of place, I cannot in justice to myself
withhold the opinion ever entertained and so often expressed
during our struggle for independence.
"In the absence of the instruction and discipline of old
armies and of the confidence which long association produces
to the individuality and self-reliance of the private soldier.
"Without the incentive or the motives which control the
officer who hopes to live in history, without the hope of re-
ward and actuated only by a sense of duty and of patriotism,
he has in this great contest, justly judging that the cause was
his own, gone into it with determination to conquer or die,
to be free or not to be at all.
"No encomium is too high, no honor too great for such a
soldiery. However much of credit and glory may be given,
and probably justly given, the leaders in our struggle, his-
tory will yet award the main honor where it is due — to the
private soldier, who, without hope of reward and with no
other incentive than a consciousness of rectitude, has en-
countered all the hardships and suffered all the privations.
"Well has it been said : 'The first monument our Confed-
eracy rears when our independence shall have been won
should be a lofty shaft, pure and spotless, bearing this in-
scription, "To the unknown and unrecorded dead." '
Bravest of the Brave.
In the battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn., December 31, 1862,
two Southern color bearers were so conspicuous for intrepid
bravery that their names should be perpetuated in Confed-
erate history, and I hope that this article will bring them to 1
light.
The "Records" give the name of one as Sergeant Oakley,
of the 4th Tennessee Infantry, who, when his regiment was
lying under a galling fire from unknown parties, volunteered
and did walk out with his flag in front of his comrades, and
136
Qopfcderat^ Veterai).
there, standing erect and waving the colors in plain view
of all, proved the fact that the missiles were coming from
the enemy.
The other hero (name unknown) carried the flag of the
6th Kentucky, and after the Confederates had been repulsed
and his comrades gone lingered on the field as long as there
was any infantry left, then reluctantly went to rear, halting
frequently, facing the enemy, and crying out : "Here's your
6th Kentucky I" He was one of the last Confederates to
leave the field.
Surely there must be some survivor of these regiments
who can tell the Veteran more about these men, and I trust
that they will not fail to do it.
SCOUTING IN THE ENEMY'S LINES.
BY CHANNING M. SMITH, DELAPLANE, VA.
In the fall of 1S63 the Army of the Potomac (125,000
men), under the immediate command of General Grant, was
stretched along the line of the old Orange and Alexandria
Railroad, now the main line of the Southern from Washing-
ton on through Fairfax, Prince William, Fauquier, and Cul-
peper Counties, with a supply train later on of four thousand
wagons drawn by twenty thousand horses and mules'. Later
in the fall most of this huge force was concentrated along
the north bank of the Rapidan, with the Army of Northern
Virginia on the opposite, or right, bank of the river and with
Stuart's Cavalry picketing the fords as far down as Fred-
ericksburg.
Having been detailed in May, 1863, as' special scout for
Generals Lee and Stuart with my comrade, Richard H. Lewis,
of the Black Horse Cavalry, it was our duty to watch and
gain all information possible of the enemy's plans and move-
ments and report them to the commanding general. To ac-
complish this I had details from the Prince William Cav-
alry, the Black Horse, and the Little Fork Rangers, th,e last
of Culpeper men, who, born and reared in those counties,
could find their way by day or night, and whose bravery and
character could be relied upon for giving me correct infor-
mation. I also had William H. Lewis, brother of Richard
Lewis, detailed for the same purpose, and Calvin, of the
Prince William Troop.
Richard Lewis and I spent most of our time in the enemy's
lines in Culpeper County, where we had many friends and
acquaintances who, like all of the good people of old Vir-
ginia, were always ready to divide the last morsel with a
Confederate soldier and assist him in every way possible.
And right here I want to say a word in praise of these brave
scouts who acted with me, especially of Richard and William
Lewis. Two more gallant or truer soldiers never drew blade
in a righteous cause. Intelligent, cool, and daring, they were
ready to brave any risk in the discharge of their arduous
duties. Richard Lewis was the coolest man I ever saw, and
in great danger he never lost his presence of mind.
About the 1st of May I discovered that the army of Grant
was about to move, and on the morning of the 3d of May I
ascertained positively from information received from near
Grant's headquarters in Culpeper C. H. that the movement
would begin that day. I sent a courier to General Lee and
another to General Stuart to make sure that one or the other
should be informed of this movement of the enemy.
Col. R. M. Stribling, in his "Gettysburg Campaign and
Campaigns of 1864-65 in Virginia," page 87, says: "General
Lee, having ascertained from his scouts that Grant's army was
in motion toward Germanna Ford, at midday on the 4th put
his army in motion to meet it and force it to battle before
it could be disentangled from the crossing of the river in a
densely wooded country."
Other scouts may have reported these movements also, but
I know he got my message, because he thanked me the next
day (the 5th) when I reported to him.
General Grant left his headquarters at Culpeper C. H.
about 9 a.m. on the 4th and crossed that day on his pontoon
bridge at Germanna Ford the 5th and 6th Corps, Wilson's
Division of Cavalry having already passed to the other side
of the river. About twelve o'clock Richard Lewis and I, with
several other soldiers who had joined us, among them J. W.
Hansborough and, I think, W. A. Bowen, of the Black Horse,
Green Miller, of the Culpeper Troop, and Marcus B. Che-
waing, of the 9th Virginia Cavalry, rode into Culpeper C. H.
The ladies and people generally of that place, having been
shut up with the Yankee army, seemed delighted to see some
Confederates and wined and dined us until if an excess of
food and drink had proved as fatal to our diaphragms as
leaden bullets not one of us would have gotten away from
them alive. When night came we entered the enemy's lines
on the Germanna Road below Stevensburg. All had crossed
except Brigadier General Duffey, of Sheridan's Cavalry.
When we got near the river we met a cavalryman, who, of
course, took us for Union soldiers. He asked me, as I was
riding in front, if I could tell him where to find General
Duffey. I directed him by such a blind trail that if he fol-
lowed it and is still alive he is looking for him yet. (This
officer was captured later on in the Shenandoah Valley by
Boyd M. Smith, of Mosby's command. The latter was one
of the bravest and certainly the handsomest of all of Mosby's
Partisan Rangers.) I then asked the courier where he was
from and if he had heard anything from the Rebs. He told
me that while waiting for the dispatch to General Duffey
he heard the adjutant read to General Grant a message
from General Gregg, stating that as yet he had seen nothing
of the Rebels and would press on in the morning in search
of them.
We let the courier go on, telling him that we hoped he
would soon find the General, and we rode rapidly to the
river, where there was a splendid bridge of boats. On the
farther side was a house with a brilliant calcium light burn-
ing (I afterwards learned that this was General Grant's head-
quarters) which lit up the bridge from shore to shore. I
hesitated a moment before riding on it, not knowing what
fate might await us on the other side. Then, with a prayer
in my heart and my heart in my throat and trusting to my
usual good luck, I rode on to the bridge, the men following
without a moment's hesitation. In the stillness of midnight
the thud of our horses' feet sounded like the long roll beat
by about a hundred drums. I know we all felt like jumping
our horses into the river and getting back to the shore. We
crossed, however, in safety and rode on up the old turnpike
leading from Fredericksburg to Orange Courthouse. We
were soon halted by a sentinel, who asked, "What cavalry
is that?" I told him I was one of General Meade's aids
looking for the general and asked him whose headquarters
are in the house. He replied, "General Warren's." Farther
on to the left of the pike we passed thousands of cavalrymen
asleep on the ground, their horses munching hay. I supposed
at the time it was Gregg's Division and that he held the
front, but found later that it was Wilson's.
Qoijfederat^ Uetg-rar/.
137
Some time before day we turned to the right in the direc-
tion of where I expected to find our army, and on that side
of the road Sedgwick's Corps (the 6th) was bivouacked,
and it seemed to me to cover the face of the whole earth.
The Army of the Potomac lay sleeping, dreaming of homes,
mothers, wives, and sweethearts that many poor fellows
would never see again during this life, as a few days after-
wards thousands lay dead in the gloomy depths of the Wil-
derness. As we rode on suddenly the drums and bugles of
the infantry and cavalry sounded the reveille, and the men
sprang up all around us, some cursing at being aroused so
soon, some laughing, some singing. Each heart recalled a
different name, but all sang "Annie Laurie."
We had thrown our ponchos over our shoulders to cover
our uniforms and felt as safe as if in the midst of our own,
men. Riding rapidly, for the night was wearing away, we
turned into a narrow road leading to the old plank road,
when I saw the glint of the moonbeams upon a musket bar-
rel and simultaneously heard, "Halt! Who comes there?"
from the sentinel. I again replied, "One of General Meade's
aids — with my escort," I added. The aian brought his gun
to a present, and I asked him if this was General Sedgwick's
outpost. He said it was, and I then asked him : "How far
in advance is the cavalry?" But he knew nothing of them.
Bidding him good night, we rode on and soon struck the
plank road. Riding into bushes on the side of the road, we
dismounted and unsaddled our horses, fed them, and ate some
of the provisions with which our kind friends at Culpeper
C. H. had provided us, and after a good smoke dropped on
the ground and were soon fast asleep.
About 7 am. we were awakened by the tramp of horses
and rattling of sabers passing along the plank road. Sad-
dling and mounting, we moved parallel with their advance,
for I knew they were approaching our lines and would soon
strike our outposts. About a mile farther on the country
opened up and the growth became less dense, and we could
see the columns very plainly. Suddenly there were shots in
their front, telling that they had struck our pickets. The
cavalry had been riding by twos, and I heard the command,
"By fours ! Trot ! March !" and on they went. Soon there
was a heavy volley fired by the reserve picket. I heard the
command given : "Form platoons ! Gallop ! March ! Draw
saber ! Charge !"
It was a magnificent sight, the sabers glistening, the bugles
sounding the charge, the flags streaming in the wind, the
battery of brass cannon and their caissons drawn by splen-
did horses, and the cheers of the men. But it was not to
last long, for White's Battalion, supported by Roper with
the Laurel Brigade, met them, and in a hand-to-hand fight,
which did not last long, drove them back in spite of all the
efforts of their leaders to rally them. I was close enough
then to see the officers strike the men over the shoulders with
the fiat of their swords and hear them cursing them for their
cowardice, but to no purpose, for they soon broke and ran,
leaving the road strewn with dead and wounded horses and
men.
And now we were, to our great joy, once more in our own
lines. I reported to General Lee that evening just after
Ewell had whipped Warren and one of Sedgwick's divisions
on the left of our line. And I felt thankful to General Grant
for permitting us to use his new pontoon bridge without
taking toll and to our kind Heavenly Father for protecting
us from the perils of that eventful night.
THE BATTLE OF VAL VERDE.
BY CAPT. F. S. WADE, ELGIN, TEX., LIFE COMMANDER OF
GREEN'S BRIGADE ASSOCIATION.
The 21st of February was the anniversary of the battle of
Val Verde, which took place fifty-nine years ago on the Rio
Grande River in nearly the center of New Mexico. This
was the first battle in which I ever took part.
Our forces consisted of the three regiments of the Sibley
Brigade, 4th, 5th, and 7th Texas Mounted Volunteers, PiroiVs
Regiment, Teels' Battery, Copewood's Spies, and Riley's Bat-
tery of Mountain Howitzers, all commanded by General Sib-
ley. But the old general was sick that day, and Colonel
Reilly, of the 4th, was in Mexico endeavoring to get some-
thing for us to eat, so the command fell upon Col. Tom
Green, of the 5th. More Texans were engaged in this battle
than in any other battle in which Texans had a part.
The Federals had four regiments of the regular army, a
splendid regiment of volunteers known as the "Pike's Peak
Jayhawkers," Kit Carson's regiment of Mexican volunteers,
and McRea's Battery, afterwards known as the Val Verde
Battery. We were armed with citizens' rifles, double-barreled
shotguns, six-shooters, and two companies with carrasco poles
(lances), while the Federals had fine long-range Minie rifles
and splendid artillery.
The night before the battle we made a dry camp on a high
mesa east of Fort Craig, which was the headquarters of the
Federal army of New Mexico and Arizona, under the com-
mand of General Canby.
At daylight we tried to reach the water, five miles above
Fort Craig, but the boys in blue were ahead of us and kept
us back. Soon their whole army crossed the Rio Grande.
While we made a desperate resistance, we were pushed back
and back.
About two p.m. we made a demonstration on our right
with the two companies armed with carrasco poles, but the
Pike's Peak regiment easily drove them back, .for the boys
could not use these long lances, as the limbs of the great
cottonwood trees were in their way. An hour afterwards
another demonstration on our left at the foot of the mesa
was made by five companies. After a severe struggle this
was also defeated, but we could see detachments leave the
center to reenforce that point.
A funny incident took place here. Alec Weems, whom I
saw at Houston at the last general Reunion, had his horse
killed under him ; but as our boys retreated at full speed, he
caught his Uncle Mark Oliver's horse's tail and came out,
swinging fast with a death grip, at full speed.
A boy by the name of John Norvelle was near me behind
a sand dune. Said he : "Fred, we are whipped, and I will
never see my mother again." Then the poor boy cried like
his heart would break.
About that time a- slender young man, Major Lochridge,
chief of Colonel Green's staff, came riding down the line
yelling : "Charge 'em ! Damn 'em, charge, charge, charge !"
We leaped out from behind the sand dunes, not like pictures
of charges in the books, but like a lot of schoolboys, yelling
at the top of our voices and charging at full speed. The
Federals fired by platoons, but I reckon they were scared,
for the cottonwood limbs rattled down on us, but not one of
ours boys was hit.
When we were forty or fifty yards from the blue line, our
shotguns mowed the poor boys down by the hundreds, for
we were all deer, turkey, and squirrel hunters. The Federals
i38
j^Qtj federate Ueterai).
threw down their guns, abandoned their artillery, and fled
across the Rio Grande, which was shoulder deep and running
much ice. We stood on the bank and filled the river with
dead men. A large man in the water made the Mason's
grand hailing sign of distress, and we Masons yelled : "Don't
shoot that man !" But a moment after he floated down the
icy stream.
The next morning we placed fifty-seven noble Texas boys
side by side, wrapped in their blankets, in a long ditch,
covering their dear forms with the sods of the Rio Grande.
We had over one hundred wounded, many of whom after-
wards died.
The Federals sent a flag of truce, asking permission to
gather up their dead. I do not know how many of the boys
in blue were killed, but there were seven wagonloads of them
Not one of these boys but would have divided his last crust
with us or we with him, but all day long on the. 21st of Feb-
ruary, 1862, we murdered one another.
When will this hybrid Christian world become genuinely
Christian?
LIFE AMONG BULLETS— THE SIEGE OF PETERS-
BURG, VA.
BY W. A. DAY, SHERRILL'S FORD, N. C.
There comes a voice that awakes my soul;
It is the voice of years that are gone.
They roll before me with all their deeds.
— Ossian.
In the Veteran for November, 1920, Comrade I. G. Brad-
well, of Brantley, Ala., gave a graphic account of the end
of the siege of Petersburg, Va. In this sketch I will give
a history of the beginning and the battles leading up to it.
I was a twenty-year-old private in Company I, 49th North
Carolina Regiment, Ransom's Brigade, composed of the 24th,
25th, 35th, 49th, and 56th North Carolina Regiments. We
served throughout the campaign of 1862 in Virginia, and
after the battle of Fredericksburg, in December, 1862, we
were ordered to Charleston, S. C. On arriving at Wilming-
ton, N. C, the Charleston orders were countermanded, and
we were held to defend the line from Wilmington to Rich-
mond, Va., which kept us almost constantly on the move
and in fighting several severe battles on different points on
the line both in Virginia and North Carolina. The year of
1864 — the year of battles — had come, and after the capture
of Plymouth, N. C, we were ordered to attack and capture
New Bern. When within ten miles of that place the news
came that General Butler was moving up the James River
with thirty thousand troops and was within a few miles of
Petersburg. The New Bern expedition was abandoned, and
our orders were to proceed to Petersburg with all possible
speed.
Arriving at Goldsboro, after a forced march of over forty
miles, we found long trains, with three engines to each train,
ready for us. Men, horses, artillery, and everything but the
wagons were crowded on, and we pulled out to reenforce
General Beauregard at Petersburg. Arriving within three
miles of the city next day about ten o'clock, we found that
the enemy had been there the night before and burned the
railroad bridge across a creek, with high banks on each side,
and had destroyed the track for about a quarter of a mile:
but our cavalry had driven them off before more damage
was done. We got off the train and scattered up and down
the creek, scrambling, falling, and sliding down the steep
banks and pulling and pushing up the other till we all were
across. The artillery found a ford somewhere and crossed
over. We formed and marched up the railroad to the cit3 r ,
and the inhabitants flocked out in great numbers to meet
us. They were in a terrible state of excitement, and when
we swung down Sycamore Street they almost shouted for
joy. We marched out along the Richmond and Petersburg
Turnpike to near Swift Creek, followed by great numbers of
negroes, most of them women. We marched rapidly, the
negroes keeping right along with us, making a regular negro
racket : "We're gwine to stay right wid de soldiers and see
dem whip de Yankees, the trifling, good-for-nothin' Yan-
kees, coming up here thinkin' dey can take Petersburg. We
is gwine to see dem git a good whipping dis time, dat's what
we is."
When nearing the enemy we threw out a heavy line of
skirmishers and moved slowly along the turnpike, feeling
the way and watching the negroes. Presently a big gun
boomed over on the Federal side. The negroes stopped, looked
at one another, then tried to see how fast they could run
back toward Petersburg.
We moved on some distance farther, and the skirmishers,
not finding the enemy, were halted until some time after dark,
then moved slowly along the turnpike with orders to keep
as quiet as possible. About dark that evening the enemy
had fallen back below the turnpike, thus leaving the way open
for us to pass and get between them and Richmond. We
could hear the noise of their camps as we passed. The next
day Butler moved a strong force across the turnpike and by
a flank movement placed a large force in our rear and came
very near to cutting us off, but by hard fighting we got out.
We took our position in a line of old breastworks running
through a large open field, on the farther side of which was
a heavy body of timber and a high fence next to the field.
Soon after forming in the works Generals Hoke and Ransom
rode out in what we thought was our rear. They rode back
to the works and ordered a line of skirmishers thrown out
to the fence at the woods. The skirmishers advanced across
the field in a beautiful line, led by Capt. Cicero Durham,
quartermaster of the 49th, on horseback. Everything was
perfectly quiet until the skirmishers were within a few yards
of the fence, when a whole regiment of Federals rose up
behind the fence and poured a full volley right in their faces,
mortally wounding Captain Durham and killing and wound-
ing most of his men. Captain Durham ordered the survivors
to fall back to the works and, wheeling his horse, which had
escaped unhurt, galloped back, reeling in his saddle. He
was immediately lifted off his horse and carried to a place
of safety. He lingered a few days and died. Had he lived,
he would have organized a corps of sharpshooters, and Pink
Collins (brave old Pink, dead in Oklahoma) and I would
have belonged to it.
We had to hold our fire until the skirmishers were in, and
by that time the enemy was halfway to our works. They
came in mass formation, rolling over the fence and charging
across the field, led by the bravest man I ever saw in battle.
I could never learn his name. When the last skirmisher
staggered in, a solid sheet of flame went out from our works.
The Federals staggered, rolled, and pitched headlong under
it ; but their brave leader kept his feet, his hat in one hand,
his sword in the other. Over their dead and wounded they
came like rushing water, their leader still in front. I could
not keep my eyes off of him. Just before the heavy volume
of smoke rolled over them he staggered and fell. Flesh and
Qopfederat^ Vetera^.
139
-ilood could not stand the merciless fire we were pouring into
hem. After the fall of their leader, they wavered, turned, .
,nd rushed back to the woods.
Knowing they would continue their flank movement, we
vacuated the works and fell back to another line of works
vhich had been thrown up two years before. Night coming-
in soon, very dark and rainy, we shivered in the old breast-
vorks all night and next morning found the woods in front
ull of Federal troops armed with the latest improved guns,
ome of them having long stocks and were held against the
lip when fired. They kept up a heavy fire all day tearing
mr breastworks down with their artillery. A heavy line of
.kirmishers was sent out to try to drive them away, but
'ery few ever got back.
Late in the evening General Beauregard came down the
ine on foot, and just as he reached our company a charge of
;rapeshot knocked off the top of the works and almost
mried the General under the dirt. He scrambled out and,
haking his fist at the Federals, said : "All I want you to do
s to stay right where you are till to-morrow morning." At
light we silently moved out of the works to the bridge over
•Cingsland Creek on the turnpike to clean up our guns. Soon
ifter daylight on the morning of the 16th of May we had
>ur guns all apart, cleaning and oiling them up (I even had
he tube out of mine), when a gun fired, and our pickets ran
n and reported the enemy advancing. We fell into line,
mtting our guns together as we formed. A dense fog covered
verything, so we could not tell how close the enemy was.
Ne formed line of battle and awaited orders.
General Beauregard's order of battle, it was said, would
tave surrounded Butler's army. Gen. Robert Ransom, an old
.Vest Pointer, brother of our brigade commander. Gen. Matt
iansom, was to move down on Butler's flank on the James,
:ut across below, and form a junction with General Whit-
ng, who was to start out on the Appomattox side, thus cut-
ing General Butler off from his gunboats at Bermuda Hun-
Ired, while General Hoke and the other commanders were to
iress him from above. Gen. D. H. Hill was on the field, but
it that time had no command.
About ten o'clock in the morning the battle opened. Gen.
3ob Ransom down the river, as was his usual custom, ran
)ver everything that could not get out of his way and was
Iriving with a high hand, expecting to meet Whiting half-
vay. We broke our line of battle at the creek, formed in
narching order, and moved rapidly up the turnpike till we
:ame in sight of the pickets, who had begun the battle all
dong the line. We formed line of battle and advanced across
1 new ground, where the brush had been left lying over
he ground to a piece of woodland, where we halted and re-
ormed. We were on the extreme right of the line, and by
his time the battle was raging on the left. We moved
hrough the woods and soon came to a field across which ran
1 line of breastworks we had thrown up two years before.
This line and another behind it were packed full of Fed-
.•rals. Our brigade commander, Gen. Matt Ransom, had been
ladly wounded the day before, and the command fell on
-olonel Clark, of the 24th North Carolina Regiment. The
19th was commanded by Maj. James Taylor Davis. Lieu-
enant Colonel Fleming, of the 49th, was off in command of
he brigade skirmishers. As soon as we came in sight of the
vorks the command to charge was given. We gave what
>ur friend the enemy was pleased to call the Rebel yell and,
hrowing our guns to a trail, made a dash for their works
hrough a tempest of lead, which they kept up until we
mounted their works, killing and wounding one hundred and
sixty men in the 49th Regiment alone, almost as many as we
lost in that twelve-hundred-yard charge at Malvern Hill. The
enemy did not stand for the bayonet and fell back to their
second line. We could have made another charge and driven
them out of their second line, but were ordered to halt and
hold our position against a counter charge. We had a lively
battle for about half an hour, and while busily engaged the
Federals sent a heavy force around on our right flank and
very nearly had us cut off before we found it out.
We fell back and formed a line of battle in the woods,
and Company I, of the 49th, was sent out as skirmishers.
We advanced to near the edge of the woods and lay down
behind the trees and bushes. One of our boys, Woodford
Sherrill, caught sight of a Federal soldier looking over their
works. He called to Captain Connor, saying: "Captain, I see
a Yankee." Captain Connor answered : "Let him have it,
Woodford." Placing his gun against a tree and taking de-
liberate aim, Woodford fired through a little opening in the
trees. His shot was answered by a volley from a whole
regiment in the works. The air looked almost blue with bul-
lets. We hugged the ground so close that we had only two
men killed. After that volley everything was quiet.
I went to a comrade, Monroe Danna, near me and told
him that as everything was so still over on the other side
I would like to know what it meant, and if he would go with
me we could see. We crawded through the bushes till we .got
in plain view of the works, but could not see any one. We
lay there and studied what to do and at last concluded to
go over and see. I have been in several close places, but
that walk of fifty yards was about the worst. It was so hard
to keep my cap pushed down on my head and to stay down
on the ground, but surely they would not fire on a couple of
beardless boys. We increased our pace and soon looked
down in the Federal works, finding nobody there but half
a dozen wounded men suffering for water. They immediately
surrendered, telling us their regiment left the works soon after
the volley. Sending Monroe back to report, I took the
wounded men's canteens over to a small stream and filled them
with water, which greatly revived them. One of them told
me that a comrade lying wounded under a plank shelter up
in the field had a pair of his boots and asked me to go up
there and get them. I found the man and told him my busi-
ness. His answer was : "I know nothing about his boots."
I went back and reported what was said, receiving the com-
ment: "Very well; let him keep them."
Butler's army retreated through the gap left open by
Whiting to Bermuda Hundred, where he had his gunboats
at his back. After burying our dead and caring for our
wounded, we moved out and stacked arms on the turnpike and
built little fires to make coffee, and with crackers and boiled
ham, which we had found in abundance in the camps, we
fared sumptuously while it lasted.
President Davis was on the field and witnessed the battle.
I had heard the boys in camp wish they could see Mr. Davis
in a battle. I told them we could not teach him anything,
for he had been a soldier nearly all his life and knew all
about battles. That afternoon, while lying along the turn-
pike, Mr. Davis, General Beauregard, and a large number of
officers passed down the road in plain view of a battery the
Federals had not yet removed. Just as they reached the 49th
the battery opened on them, the shells passing just over their
heads. Every eye was riveted on the President to see what
he would do. He never even turned his head to look toward
140 '-/
. Qo^federat^ l/eterap.
the battery from which the shells were coming. That set-
tled it.
The battle of Drewry's Bluff was over and the enemy safe
in the forks of the river, with his gunboats at his back. But
for General Whiting's blunder we would have captured Gen-
eral Butler with his whole army, about thirty thousand men,
including his body guard of one thousand negro cavalrymen.
We had been told of the plan of the battle and confidently
expected to capture Butler and his whole army, but Whiting
let them out. They were gone.
The James and Appomattox Rivers run together above
City Point, and the point of land in the fork is known as
Bermuda Hundred. Next day we moved down there and
after a short battle, known as the battle of Ware Bottom
Church, drove the Federals back some distance and im-
mediately set to work to fortify the line, throwing up a line
of breastworks across the country from one river to the
other. The Federals made several attempts to capture the
works, but always failed. A truce was finally agreed upon
which put an end to the deadly sharpshooting. One day I
was on sentinel duty walking on top of the works. A Fed-
eral soldier came over between the lines and, seating himself,
began to read a newspaper. Gen. D. H. Hill, who had been
sauntering about on the works, came up and said to me : "A
beautiful target to shoot at." I answered : "Yes, sir, but,
General, we can't shoot now."
We were then in Gen. Bushrod Johnson's division, and
after bottling up Butler safely at Bermuda Hundred we
were sent to the north side of the James, where we united
with the Army of Northern Virginia, after having been
parted over a year. Once more under "Marse Robert," we
felt at home again. General Lee said he always claimed
Ransom's "tar-heel" veterans as a part of his army.
We moved about from point to point without much rest.
General Grant's army was then moving up to the Chicka-
hominy River, and everything had to be on the alert. On the
9th of June the 49th Regiment was sent through the swamp
to the banks of the Chickahominy on picket. The river at
that place was about thirty feet wide, running through the
swamp, with heavy timber on each side to the water's edge
and back about half a mile. We deployed down the river
bank, while just across the little river, thirty feet away,
stood the 7th Indiana Regiment in groups watching us re-
lieve our pickets. We had strict orders against talking, and
the Federals also had the same orders. Soon after we had
been posted and the officers were back at their headquarters
in the swamp a Federal picket suggested that we watch up
their side for officers and they would watch up our side, and
in this way we could talk. Neither side could see up its
own line for the trees, but had a good view of the other's
line. We talked about all day, the officers seldom coming
down the line. When they did come the pickets were looking
at each other as surly as bears.
A high tree had fallen clear across the river, on which one
of our boys walked over and was busily engaged in helping
the Federal boys eat their rations, when an officer approached
and told him he had better go back ; he had no business over
there. The two boys in my front were Horace G. Solomon,
Company D, 7th Indiana Regiment, and, I think, John Rod-
man, both splendid-looking young men. One of them went
in bathing and wallowed about in the water at my feet. I
would have gone in with him, but was afraid of being caught
by our officers. We had a long conversation on the war.
He said they would conquer us in the end, for they had all
the advantage. They had nearly all our seaports and th
Mississippi River from one end to the other, and all the ■
had to do was to send ships across the ocean and get all th
men they wanted to come over and fight for their pay, whil
we had exhausted our forces and could not recruit ou
armies. Then the blockade would soon starve us out; an y
the sooner we gave it up, the better it would be for us.
knew he was telling me the truth, but I told him he wal
badly mistaken if he had such thoughts. He laughed an
said he hoped we would live through the war and meet i
Indiana over a big bottle of brandy.
During the afternoon several heavy guns were fired fa !
back in our rear, but the shells all fell short. This alarme
the Federals, and they inquired what it meant. We tol'
them we did not know, and we had no orders to fire. So w
agreed among ourselves that if either side got orders to fir
we would give warning, so we could have a chance to pre
tect ourselves. Fortunately no orders came to fire.
About sundown the Federals relieved their pickets an
put on another regiment, and we did not get acquainted, bot
sides sitting on the bank fighting mosquitoes. Every soldie
who has been in the Chickahominy swamps at night know
something about the "skeeters." Soon after dark the Fee
erals held a prayer meeting on the bank, and their chaplai
prayed for the success of the Union cause. He prayed fc
the Confederate soldiers, and asked the Lord to show thei
the error of their ways ; he prayed for the war to end, s
we could all return to our homes and live in peace. To th
last part of his prayer we could heartily say amen.
We were relieved about midnight and went up to Chaffin
Bluff, a small fort on the north bank of the James, and la
there till about sundown of June 15, when orders came t
march immediately. The Union army was crossing th
James at City Point and 'moving up the south side of th )
Appomattox River on Petersburg. We fell in line anj
marched up to the pontoon bridge below Richmond, crosse
over, and struck out on a forced march to Petersburg, stop
ping to rest only twice on the twenty-mile march. The nigf
was very warm. Ever}' soldier knows how it is to marc
until his clothes are wet with sweat, then to lie down a iem
minutes to rest and get cold and stiff. He can scarcel
move, but he hears the call to "attention !" pushes his leg
about, gets on his hands and knees, scrambles up, and stagger
on till his joints are limbered up, then he moves on as if hi
had never been tired.
We crossed the river at sunrise and moved through th
lower part of Petersburg, halting in the street leading out b
Blandford Cemetery, and lay there a short time, when \vl
heard heavy firing in our front. We double-quicked two mile
out along the Jerusalem plank road, which about winde
all of us, reached a place known as Avery's Farm, wher
we found the Virginia militia fighting like veterans. The I
had been sent down into a pocket, encountering a large fore I
of the enemy, who were driving them back and trying t
flank them. When we came in sight the Federals opene :
on us with grape and canister. We waded through it till w
came to an old road, where we were ordered to halt, li
down, and wait till the militia got in. They were retreatin.
in good order, loading and firing as they fell back, form
ing on the right of the 49th North Carolina Regiment. Whe
we lay down in the old road the enemy ceased their shellin;
and began fortifying by carrying logs and rails. We had n
artillery, and they were out of rifle range and too strong t
charge with our weak force; so we had to let them alone.
QoQJ-ederat^ Ueterap.
141
We lay in line of battle a short time, then gave up that
part of the line and rushed back through Petersburg to the
north side of the Appomattox, where a large force of the
enemy had cut our line of communication with Richmond.
General Gracie's Alabama Brigade and the 56th Regiment of
Ransom's North Carolina Erigade hurled them back and
opened up communication between the cities. We lay in line
of battle that night, and next morning a train was sent out
after us. We were hurried back to Petersburg. General
Grant's armies were moving up from City Point on the south
side of the Appomattox and drawing near Petersburg. Gen-
eral Beauregard had at that time only about eight thousand
men and eighteen pieces of artillery to oppose him. We had
fighting before us. We made no halt in the city, rushed on
about a mile and half, and formed a line of battle. This was
on June 17. Company I, of the 49th Regiment, under Cap-
tain Connor, was sent out on picket at the white house on
the left of the Norfolk railroad and was supported by a
battery of artillery. Our picket line was on the old line half
a mile in front of the new, or short, line, as was afterwards
established. The enemy not yet being in sight, Captain Con-
nor set us to work carrying rails and digging with our bayo-
nets making rifle pits. Our troops were lying back in the
rear, not knowing yet where the new line would be formed.
General Grant was moving his troops rapidly up from City
Point, and we knew they would soon appear in our front.
We were furnished with one hundred and twenty rounds of
ammunition and ordered to hold the line at all hazards, and
if we could not hold them back to set fire to the white house
and surrender. The object of this was to give warning to
our troops in the rear and prevent the enemy's following us
in a retreat. We dug our rifle pits large enough to hold two
men. About eight o'clock the enemy appeared. We could
see them forming away back in the fields; soon their skirmish
lines advanced. Then commenced what Lieut. Thomas R.
Roulhac, of Company D, 49th, a boy soldier, thirty years
afterwards called "Beauregard's magnificent grapple with
Grant's army."
The moment the Federal skirmish line, which was almost
equal to our line of battle, came within range the white puffs
of smoke arose from our rifle pits, and the sound of our
Enfields could be heard miles away on that clear June morn-
ing. We remembered our orders : "Keep them back !"
Steadily they advancel, followed by a heavy line of battle,
their mounted officers with them making such pretty targets
to shoot at. The main line halted and lay down, but the
skirmish line continued to advance until they were in point-
blank range, then halted and lay down in what appeared to
be an old road. A fence being near, they began carrying
rails, piling them in front. We kept firing at them, but they
worked on until they had their rifle pits made. About the
middle of the afternoon the charge we had been expecting
was made. A heay line rose up back in the field and started
across. Then the "tar-heel" grit showed up. We poured the
hot Minies into them, and our battery swept them with grape
and canister. This was too much for them, and they fell
back to the old road. A number were killed and wounded
and lay on the field the rest of the day. Again began the
fighting from the rifle pits, which was kept up till night. It
was a hard day's work. The Federal bullets made the
splinters fly off of our rails. Fortunately they used no ar-
tillery, or they would have knocked us out.
Our engineers were busy surveying the new line, and Gen-
eral Lee was sending reinforcements from north of the
James as fast as he could, and they were taking their posi-
tion in the new line as fast as they were brought in, immedi-
ately beginning to fortify the line. Fortunately the enemy
never charged our line that night. To keep them from mov-
ing in on us that night a heavy feint was made by the 35th
and 56th Regiments of Ransom's Brigade, with a regiment
of South Carolina troops from Elliot's Brigade. They
charged and carried the Federal works and did some terrible
hand-to-hand fighting, in which their loss was heavy. Colonel
Jones, leading the 35th, was among the killed. The 35th lost
its flag, then recaptured it and two flags of the enemy. They
also took a number of prisoners and sent them to the rear.
After holding the line for some time, they were then ordered
back to take position in the new line. We were ordered to
hold our picket line and not go in the charge, which was
just on our left. Everything was quiet the rest of the night.
Next morning just before daylight we fell back and joined
our regiment in the new line.
When we came in they had the breastworks about two feet
high. Company Ps space was bare. We drew a bite of ra-
tions and went to work throwing dirt. Gen. Bob Ransom
used to say one shell was worth a thousand overseers to
make the men work. On the morning of the 18th of June,
1864, our breastworks on the new line were begun, and when
we had them about three feet high the enemy came rolling
over the railroad embankment, two hundred yards in our
front, and started in a charge three columns deep up the hill.
We threw aside our shovels and picked up our guns. At
first we shot too low, the bullets striking the ground before
reaching them, caused by the slope of the hill. The order
was shouted down the line : "Shot higher !" They came on
through the leaden tempest until they were nearly halfway
to our works, then wavered, about-faced, and rushed back
over the railroad fill, leaving the ground littered with their
dead and wounded. We threw aside our guns and picked up
our shovels. Then we made the dirt fly ; we worked in a
hurry. When our works were about shoulder high the Fed-
erals made another heavy charge, getting nearer than before.
We drove them back again, making another list of dead and
wounded to add to the first. This was their last charge on
our part of the line that day. They had charged our works
that day from one end to the other and were driven back at
every point. On that day began the siege of Petersburg.
Those charges were terrible; they required brave men to
stand them, and both sides kept them up to the end of the
war. When the Federals charged our works, we covered
the ground with their dead and wounded; when we charged
theirs, they covered the ground with ours. In the World
War our boys in their charges were protected one way or an-
other. In our war we had no protection whatever. They
were made under the fire of every gun that could be brought
to bear upon them, and very often we had to fall back under
the same fire. (To be continued.)
Rule or Ruin. — The Republican party was asked to en-
gage for the fulfillment of the law and noninterference with
slavery in the South, and they refused both. In a word, they
would have no terms. They would rule or ruin the Union.
Amendment after amendment, proposal after proposal was
made, only to be rejected or staved off till the retirement of
the cotton States had left the Republicans masters of the
field, when they peremptorily voted down every proposal in-
compatible with their unconstitutional and illegal plat-
form. — Percy Greg, "History of the United States."
14-
Qoijfederae^ l/efcerai).
AS TO SLAVERY.
BV DR. JAMES H. M KEILLY, NASHVILLE, TENN.
Some years ago I published a little book setting forth
what the Southern Churches had done for the spiritual in-
terests of the slaves in the years before the War between
the States. Copies were sent to a number of the Northern
religious papers. As far as I could find the booklet was ig-
nored except by one, a Chicago paper, which spoke of it con-
temptuously as a "defense of slavery written by a Rebel sol-
dier." Recently I received a letter, courteous yet critical,
from Dr. Albert Bushnell Hart, Professor of History in
Harvard University, who seems to take the same view of the
little book as an apology for slavery. His letter is given
here:
"Your pamphlet on religion and slavery, published in 1911,
has recently come into my hands and contains many interest-
ing matters about the status of the South in your experience.
This question of slavery touches me personally, inasmuch as
my great-grandfather. Judge George Hornell, founder of
the city of Hornell, N. Y., was a slaveholder. Futhermore,
I have spent a great deal of time in the Southern States
(nearly a year altogether), have written a book, 'The South-
ern South.' on the present Southern question, and another,
'Slavery and Abolition,' on conditions of slavery down to the
Civil War, and for nearly forty years I have read and con-
sidered this question.
"As regards my ancestor, the slaveholder, I am sorry to
say that the family tradition is that he was not a good slave-
holder. I regret it, but I take no responsibility for his errors
or delinquencies. I thank God that there is no slavery any
longer in Hornell or in New York or in the United States,
and I am amazed at the disposition of some of the most in-
telligent Southern people nowadays to go back and defend
an indefensible institution.
"When you say, 'I am free to confess that I do not believe
emancipation was a blessing to master and slave,' you are
practically saying that slavery should be restored.
"The great indictment against slavery was summed up in
the antislavery statement that 'no man is good enough to own
another.' Slavery was not all bad ; there were good and con-
siderate slave owners, but there were cruel and murderous
slave owners. You do not need to go to 'Uncle Tom' for
proofs, which are to be found in Southern newspapers and
the records made by impartial travelers and visitors. Slavery
kept the South poor, kept part of it ignorant, kept it out of
the track of advancing civilization. Slavery was an economic
loss, as is shown by the present high material prosperity of
the South. Nobody can deny that there were a multitude of
cases of cruelty and crime against the slave, and to my mind
the most shocking thing about the slavery of two generations
ago was that not one single State between 1833 and 1861
made enactments for the correction of manifest and public
abuses, such as the selling of little children out of their
mothers' arms ; not a single Southern State took or dared
take any steps toward the education of the slave.
"Why, I should think the Southern people to-day would
rejoice with great rejoicing that they were free from the curse,
and I do not see that your ancestors are any more entitled
than my ancestors to the sympathy of this generation. They
sinned against the light, they struggled against the advance-
ment of the world, and a great many of them, if alive now,
would rejoice that their grandchildren are released from the
responsibility."
Let me say at once that no opinion expressed by a South-
erner as to the evils of emancipation as it was effected im-
plies any desire to restore the institution of slavery. It is
one of the ironies of history that the bitterest critics of
Southern domestic slavery, holding it up to scorn as "the
sum of all villanies," should be the men and women whose
fathers forced the unwilling colonies to receive the brutal
African savages, torn by these same fathers from their own
land and brought to this country through the horrors of "the
middle passage." These same descendants now gloat over
the fact that at fearful cost of blood and treasure they suc-
ceeded in "knocking the shackles from the slave." And while
Exeter Hall, in London, and Fanueil Hall, in Boston, were
ringing with denunciations of Southern slaveholders, there
was in the mines of England and in the iron and steel in-
dustries of the North a system of cruelty and oppression
harsher than the Southern slaves ever endured.
It is said that the whole question is settled, and any dis-
cussion of it is only academic. Let me quote a sentence or two
from the ablest Southern writers on moral philosophy, espe-
cially as to its social and civc aspects : "Among the questions
of civic rights and duties that of the recent domestic slavery
in the United States holds a very interesting place. It is not
debated with any view to restoring that form of labor ; no
intelligent man among us expects or desires this. But we
should understand it for three reasons. The first is that the
disputes concerning the relation of bondage, whether it is
righteous or intrinsically unjust, involve and illustrate the
most vital principles of morals and legislation. The second
is that the assertion of its intrinsic injustice, now so com-
monly made, involves the credit of the Christian Scriptures,
and the discrepancy disclosed has become the occasion of
widespread and perilous skepticism. Unless we are willing
to give up the authority of the Bible as God's word, it is
unspeakably important that this supposed discrepancy shall
have a better adjustment than it has yet received. Nothing
is more certain than that in its essence human bondage, which
is the involuntary subjection of an inferior part of the human
race to the will of superiors, has not been abolished and never
will be until the millennium ; but the relationship will re-
appear in civilized society under many new names and forms,
often less beneficent than the one lately overthrown. But
African bondage under that name belongs to the past, not-
withstanding our educated young men cannot but feel a living
interest in the question whether their honored fathers lived
and died in a criminal relation. And this is the third reason
which demands this discussion."
The propaganda of Germany from 1870 to 1914 against all
other nations in the interests of German military supremacy
was not more persistent, unscrupulous, underhanded, and ma-
lignant than the abolition propaganda against the South and
her domestic institutions. And finally they succeeded in or-
ganizing a great political party whose bond of union was and
still is opposition to the South and her civic and political
ideals. That party got control of the government, and to
free the slaves brought on the terrible war which desolated
the Southern States.
It is characteristic of all merely man-directed reforms that
they tend to fanaticism and excess, and even when successful
it requires two or three generations to correct the abuses of
the reformation. There are two things to be considered in
every true reformation, the principle that is to be maintained
and applied and the condition or circumstances that limit or
f
yopfederat^ l/eterap.
143
• idify the carrying out of the principle. The abolition
ders assumed that their principles were just and true, and
:y determined to force them on the country at any cost,
: crly regardless of the rights of slaveholders and of the
:iess of the slaves for freedom. They demanded an anti-
■very God, an antislavery Bible, an antislavery Constitution,
-i they denounced the Constitution of the republic as "a
,'enant with death and a league with hell."
There were two grievous mistakes they made. They as-
:med that they knew about conditions in the South, that
:; negroes were groaning under hard bondage, and that the
Iijority of slaveholders were cruel and oppressive, while
■; facts were that the slaves were the happiest working class
■i the world, and the masters as a class were high-toned,
iright, kindly Christian gentlemen. Such assertions, as in
-. Hart's letter, that the laws of the Southern States gave
rights nor protection to the slaves are not true, and the
.:-repeated charge that, negro "children were sold out of
•ir mothers' arms" is akin to that old charge that we Pres-
. terians believe there are "infants in hell not a span long."
course some hard-headed old Puritan might have denied
-i salvation of infants, and some brutal master may have
oarated a baby from its mother, but that was the exception.
Professor Hart claims to know the conditions of the South
:ter than I do because he spent nearly a year in the South
jd wrote two books on the subject. Now one thing, I think,
generally true : when a hostile critic investigates a person,
.people, or a condition, he finds what he set out to find, as
, illustrated in the partisan investigations now going on as
. the conduct of the great World War. And one who knows
-: negro character knows that a sympathetic investigator
, i get a gruesome statement of the sufferings of negroes
, der hard taskmasters. The abolitionist made the negro a
ro in his own eyes. I read "Uncle Tom's Cabin" when it
[is published. Living as I did in Tennessee, I supposed the
, uthern plantations rang with the piteous cries of slaves
[ der the lash, forced to work beyond their strength. After-
.irds I had a Church of fifty white members who owned
.ur or five thousand slaves. I preached on the plantations
.ree nights every week and was all over them by day, and
. lever saw a negro whipped or unduly worked.
.No doubt when the negroes were first introduced into this
.untry they were treated with severity. They were unac-
..stomed to regular work, and it required strong discipline
train them. But as they became trained and became identi-
,d with their masters' families, this severity was mitigated
d a far kinder relation established, which recognized the
gro's right to bodily care and also to spiritual training.
The whole question of African slavery presented difficulties
every conscientious Southerner. How was it best to deal
th an alien race, inferior in mental and moral character,
:re children, unable to take care of themselves, with the
'tincts of savagery lingering in their very nature? Domestic
\very seemed to be the answer that would give security to
and effectiveness to the labor of the slaves. It is claimed
' it the results of emancipation show that our fears were
^undless, and that emancipation has relieved the white man
a burden and has given the negro opportunity to develop
! I manhood as a free citizen. Surely these optimists are
nd to the portentous shadow of race war that hangs over
• i homes of those who live near large negro populations,
le growing demand for social equality, the antagonism of
• working classes, the frequent outrages, unknown in the
vs of slavery, which bring on the terrible lawlessness of
lynchings stirred by race hatred — all these things suggest that
the race question is not settled. And the return of the negro
soldiers from the World War is emphasizing the demand for
social as well as civic equality.
Recently I have read with deep interest two books which
treat of history not from the point of view of language or
nationality, but of race as the one unchangable thing that
underlies and controls the activities of men. Madison Grant's
book is on "The Rising Tide of Color" ; the other book, by
Prof. Lathrop Stoddard, is entitled "The Passing of a Great
Race." The great races are distinguished by color — yellow,
brown, red, and white. Hitherto the white race, especially
represented by the Anglo-Saxon, has been dominant wherever
present with other colors. But now these colored races are
beginning to rise against the white. Japan is leading, but it
is also showing itself in China, India, the Philippines, in
Mexico. The "Passing of a Great Race" notes that the
Anglo-Saxon is giving place to weaker and inferior types of
white men. In the United States the Anglo-Saxon is being
displaced by a horde of foreigners, utterly ignorant of and
out of sympathy with our ideals. The abolition propaganda
must logically admit this horde and give it rights of citizen-
ship. It is, after all, a part of that radical socialism which
says that no man has a right to anything that his neighbor
can't have, even if that neighbor will use his right to destroy
the government.
It seems to me that when races so widely different as those
separated by color have to live together under the same gov-
ernment and outward conditions then there are only three pos-
sible relationships : First, equality with intermarriage and a
mongrel race ; second, antagonism and constant struggle for
superiority; third, subjection of the weaker race, some form
of servitude. Now it happens that all three of these plans
have been tried. The first is illustrated in the intermarriage
of the Spaniard with the Indians or negroes, of the French
with the Indians. The result was a degenerate race of half-
breeds. In the second case the red Indian in our own land
resisted and fought the white man, and the red man is prac-
tically exterminated. The third case was the African asso-
ciated with the white man in the relation of slavery. The
result was a race happy, content, and growing in numbers
and character.
While there were instances of cruelty by masters to their
slaves, these were the exceptions, condemned by public
opinion ; while the regular negro trader was socially ostra-
cized. The revelations of the divorce courts of the present
show a cruelty and brutality in the marriage relation beyond
anything practiced in slavery. And the same reforming spirit
that was exercised by the abolitionist is now manifesting itself
in an organized attempt to abolish marriage.
As to the material prosperity that has come to the South,
as' we note the strife of classes, the conflicts of capital and
labor, the army of tramps that infest our land, a class un-
known in the days of slavery, we are apt to quote:
"111 fares the land to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth accumulates and men decay."
Lower Caste. — That social lines were observed among the
slaves is instanced by the following reply of a slave to her
mistress's question as to why her brother had not come to
the Christmas dance: "La, missus, he cyant come here to
parties, bein' hired out whar he is to po' white folkes."
144
Qoi?federat^ tfeterap.
CAPTURING THE CAPTURED.
BY S. K. WRIGHT, LURAY, VA.
An account of the capture and recapture of part of Capt.
George Grandstaff' s picket line along Stony Creek in Shenan-
doah County, between Edinburg and Columbia Furnace, hav-
ing appeared in several Northern papers and as deficient of
truth as many other incidents of the War between the States
from the same sources, one of my old comrades requested
that I give my version ol the circumstances and facts as I
remember them. It being one of the most exciting and
heroic of my experiences during the war, my memory of it is
as clear to-day as though the occurrence was but yesterday.
A report by one of Sheridan's scouts states that Maj.
Henry Young, chief of the scouts, left Winchester at 9 p.m.
on Saturday, January 21, with fifteen of his scouts and fifty
picked men from the 5th New York, sixty-five in all, that
they flanked all towns between Winchester and Narrow Pas-
sage, and that no Rebel knew that the enemy was within
twenty miles of them. After Sheridan's ruthless burning
and destruction of very nearly all substance of life for man
or beast, late in the fall the 12th Virginia Cavalry was camped
along Milldale road, west of Mount Jackson, doing picket
duty along Stony Creek. On or about the 15th of December
Company E was disbanded (J. C. McKay, captain) for the
purpose of recruiting our horses for the opening of the spring
campaign, Capt. George Grandstaff, of Company K, taking
charge of the picket line on the morning of January 22.
Returning from a social gathering of the young folks in
the neighborhood, I detected the raiding column going south
through the almshouse woods, flanking my home a half mile
north of Maurertown, about 4 a.m. on January 22. I crossed
the Valley Pike to my home, fed my horse, and before day-
light mounted and rode south. I had not proceeded far
when I met J. H. Bushong coming north, he also having
observed the Yankee column going south. We at once con-
jectured that their object was the capture of the picket line,
and we determined to get the boys together and give them
a warm reception on their return, he taking one direction and
I another. Very soon we had a very good chain of dis-
patchers. Our assembling point was at an old house in
Swope Hollow, one-fourth of a mile east of the Valley Pike
and one mile south of Maurertown. By eight o'clock we had
a very good fighting force of fourteen, nearly all having
had experience under Generals Stuart, Hampton, Ashby,
Jones, and the dashing T. L. Rosser. These men were : Mar-
tin Strickler, Company E, 12th Virginia Cavalry; Abram
Strickler, Company E, 12th Virginia Cavalry; Allin Bow-
man, Company E, 12th Virginia Cavalry; Silas Crabill, Com-
pany E, 12th Virginia Cavalry; William Bauserman, Com-
pany E, 12th Virginia Cavalry; James H. Bushong, Company
E, 12th Virginia Cavalry; B. F. Hottel, Company E, 12th Vir-
ginia Cavalry; S. K. Wright, Company E, 12th Virginia Cav-
alry; E. M. Bushong, Company E, 12th Virginia Cavalry;
George Knight, Company E, 12th Virginia Cavalry ; George
Bushong, O'Ferrall's Battery ; John H. Hoover, Company K,
12th Virginia Cavalry; Milton Crabill, 18th Virginia Cavalry;
Benjamin Crabill, Company E, 11th Virginia Cavalry.
We placed Capt. Martin Strickler in command and moved
south parallel with the Valley Pike, marching far enough
to conceal ourselves behind the hills from view, with one
scout or lookout on higher ground. When we reached the
Henry Koontz woods below the John Myers place, one-
fourth of a mile north of Pugh's Run, we could see the
Yankees coming just south of Pugh's Run, with flankers rig'
and left. After crossing the bridge, thinking that they wei
safe I suppose, they drew in their flankers, very much to oi
advantage. They were marching along in very good orde
unaware of their enemy being not more than two hundre
yards from them.
As their rear guard came up the command to charge wi
given, and we struck them between their main column ar
rear guard. They made a very determined stand about thn
hundred yards farther on at the "Big Pond" for about two
three minutes and then broke. We pressed right on to ther
pelting their backs. About half a mile farther on Maji
Young managed to rally six or eight of his men, wheeled the
horses square around, and came back to us, our horses' heai
coming in contact. Young's horse was shot from under hir
This was a battle royal. Being out of ammunition, our r
volvers empty, and the enemy apparently in the same coi
dition, we used our empty revolvers for clubs and went
clubbing. Inexpereinced ones may inquire why we didn't u
our sabers — time too short, interesting, and pressing to mal
the change. To make the situation a little more livel
Young's horse had only been struck and knocked down I
the shot, and in the "muss" he went to kicking and lungin
They managed to get Young on behind one of them and le
at full speed. We fell back over the hill on the right,
short distance, at the Isaac Gochenour place, a few hundn
yards north of where the Valley Pike Dunkard Church is no
located, reloading as we came out to renew the attack.
Capt. George Grandstaff came up with twenty men, infon
ing us that they had captured Lieut. Monroe FunkhouS'
and twenty-three of his picket line. Taking command,
ordered us forward at full speed. About half a mile nor
of Maurertown we overhauled them. Their next stand w
made at the toll gate, Tony Flinn's place. They took t
house and outbuildings for protection and put up a ve
stubborn fight. We divided our command, one half flankii
to our left around a hill, coming in on their right flank ai
rear. They were not long taking in the situation and bolt
north as fast as their mounts could carry them, making o\
more feeble stand at "Four-Mile House," four miles sou
of Strasburg. All that was needed here were a few she-
and the old Confeds' battle yell, and they broke into one
the wildest, craziest stampedes that I have ever witness^
We rode through them and over them. They actually jump
off their mounts and tried to outrun them. At Fisher's H
eight or ten of them jumped over the stone wall, fifteen
twenty feet high, and crept under the cedar brush on t
other side. The boys dragged them out by their legs. Abo
three hundred yards north of the stone bridge at Fishe
Hill we recaptured the last prisoner and ceased the pursi
in the suburbs of Strasburg.
In the first two encounters the fourteen fought one to fi
of the enemy. We recaptured all of the prisoners, captur
ont-third of the enemy with their horses, killed and shot
one-third, and the remaining third was straggling back
Winchester with their dead and wounded. We had o
horse killed in the encounter at the toll gate and one m
mortally wounded in the first encounter, George Bushoi
a mere boy who had not reached his seventeenth year, you
in years, but brave, and he fought with the nerve of a C
manche until he went down. We buried him in the fam
cemetery with honors of war on the following Wednesd
evening and planted the Stars and Bars at the head of f
grave.
Qoi}federaC<£ l/eterai).
145
ARKANSAS STATE REUNION.
Address by Commander B. W. Green at the annual re-
.;On of Confederate veterans of Arkansas, held October
1 27, 1920, in Little Rock. General Green was reelected by
lamation. He is now serving his fourth term as Com-
; nder of the Arkansas Division. The address in part is
] ilished by request of the convention.]
Comrades: We are privileged to live in the most potential
j' iod in the world's history. The issues involved are vital
1 every nation on earth and, we might say, to the human
i e. Nothing in all the past can compare with the present,
"^e agencies for good and evil are at war, and that war
[i st of necessity be a war to the death. One or the other
rst be vanquished. We have just emerged from the World
1 ir, the bloodiest and most destructive and cruel in all the
1 lals of history, the most gigantic in proportions, if the
1 nber of nations and of men and of money involved are
< isidered. And now the reflex consequences are agitating
1' world, and we of America must meet the issues as we did
i 1917 when the liberties of the world were challenged.
f.'e world looks to America as to no other nation. The call
t'arms by the Congress of the United States in 1917 startled
►t. world when they heard the answer of ten millions of
; ing men who were ready for action. Again, the nations
ji le to America for financial help, for food, and for muni-
1 is of war, and were not disappointed. They found the
t isure house of the world in the United States. They found
jl'it we could feed the world with our surplus.
Vill America stand the test of prosperity, success, and
i ilth that we now enjoy, or will we succumb to lawlessness
s'l avarice and surrender our proud position among the na-
il is of the world, and this won by the blood of many thou-
ti ds of our sons on the fields of France and Belgium? I
1 ret to say that America has caught the contagion and
It "st for sordid gold ; combinations of capital and of labor
( land that which is criminal in its last analysis. The mad
I h and craze for gold at any cost threatens even the life
( this nation ; the poison of those called the "Reds," Bolshe-
p'i, and I. W. W., permeated with treason and anarchy, is
1 ily taught and proclaimed in this "land of the free and
l.ie of the brave." One of the latest phases of this spirit
< greed and avarice is manifesting itself in the destruction
< r cotton gins and cotton warehouses. This lawlessness can
p "k only disaster if not crushed at once by the strong hand
<our government. The desire to amass a great fortune in
sew days has produced profiteers without number. The
1 essaries of life are cornered and held for starving hu-
r lity to give and yet to give. Labor of all kinds has caught
t fever and makes the most extravagant demands, to en-
1 :e which they organize and make demands by masses ,
|l :rs yet more crazed teach anarchy, treason, and murder in
|("er to reach their goal. It seems that neighbor is against
ti ;hbor, and "when iniquity abounds the love of many waxes
c I." The fight is for self, and self alone. Patriotism, re-
1 an, and God are tabood. Nothing must stand in the way
t hwart their ends.
1 view of these facts, are not the old Confederate soldiers
< In a reserve force for such a time as this? I believe in a
ovidence which shapes our ends, rough hew them as we
1 '." We, who have come from the school of sacrifice, suf-
* ng, and patriotism of 1861, are prepared to stem this
I «: ul tide of evil and to say : "Thus far shalt thou come and
t farther." Will we not show our colors and stand for the
i
tight as in 1861 ? This is no time for the weakling or the!
wavering. We must be on one side or the other. Great prin-
ciples are involved in the issue. Let us as individuals and
as a great association of patriots, tried as by fire, stand for
law, order, and the right, stand by our united voice, united
action, and united votes. Let our loyalty and purity of pur-
pose be known to all men. Our numbers are small and daily
lessening, but great things have been accomplished by the few.
"Only be strong and of good courage" ; stand as a stone wall
for the right on every question of government, economics,
and social order, and the final outcome must of necessity re-
sult in "the greatest good for the greatest number," for free-
dom and liberty, which shall not perish from America.
To this end allow me, comrades, to urge that you keep
your camp fires burning; do not become weary or forgetful
of this important duty to ourselves and to history which
must be written. So-called and false history must be cor-
rected ; our children must be taught the truth. For sixty long
years you have made the fight for the greatest principles of
government and for which you stood in 1861. The world has
accepted those principles as the birthright of all nations-
principles which were denied us in 1861, but which were enun-
ciated by Jefferson and the makers of the Declaration of In-
dependence and in 1914-18 lifted the crown from the head
of autocracy and placed it upon the head of the people, and
under God it will forever remain there. The world owes a
debt of gratitude to the Confederate soldier which cannot be
repaid, for he blazed the way and the nations followed.
You are world heroes and benefactors, and history will so
record your acts of valor and patriotism if you continue true
to the end. You do not represent "a lost cause or a furled
banner," for the World War demonstrated that you were
right and that for which the cause and the banner stood is
indestructible. What the South did lose was the constitu-
tional right to secede, making this a national government
instead of a federated government of States.
APRIL 26.
[In the ceremonies at Memphis, Tenn., on April 26, "in
Memory of the Confederate Dead." the following lines were
improvised by Dr. Ford, one of the speakers. The poem is
taken from the volume of war poetry collected and published
by Miss Emily V. Mason, 1866-67.]
"In rank and file, in sad array,
As though their watch still keeping,
Or waiting for the battle fray,
The dead around are sleeping.
Shoulder to shoulder rests each rank
As at their posts still standing,
Subdued, yet steadfast, as they sank
To sleep at death's commanding.
No battle banner o'er them waves,
No battle trump is sounded;
They've reached the citadel of graves,
And here their arms are grounded.
Their hallowed memory ne'er shall die,
But, ever fresh and vernal,
Shall wake from flowers the soft sad sigh,
Regrets — regrets eternal !"
146
^opfederat^ l/eterai),
^222
r^rTrTT^nr^^-n-n-iLJC^'A^U^U;
^i^r^igiMM^tyKwiw^www^T^v^wiwa^.*
Sketches In this department are given a half column of
space without charge; extra space will be charged for at 20
cents per line. Engravings, $3.00 each.
"Do we grieve when another star
Looks out from the evening sky?
Or the voice of war is hushed
Or the storm of conflicts die?
Then why should your soul be sad
And your heart be sorely riven
For another gem in the Saviour's crown
And other soul in heaven?"
Gex. A. P. Bacby.
Gen. Arthur Pendleton Bagby. one of the last of the Con-
federate generals and a resident of Hallettsville. Tex., for
sixty years, died at his residence in that town on February
21, 1921. and he was doubtless the oldest of the graduates of
the United States Military Academy at West Point. He
played a distinctive part in the struggle between the States
and was a member of a bar notable in the history of the State
of Texas for its distinguished members.
General Bagby was born in Alabama in 1833. As a boy
he was in Washington, D. C, during the time his father was
United States Senator from Alabama. He graduated from
West Point in 1855, and at the outbreak of war between the
States he resigned a captaincy in the United States army and
entered the service of the Confederate States, serving with
such brilliancy that he rose to the rank of general. He suc-
ceeded General Green in command of the Confederate forces
in the Red River campaign and took part in the recapture
of Galveston from the Federals.
At the close of the war he became a resident of Halletts-
ville and engaged in the general practice of law until recent
years, being an active member of the local bar. As a lawyer
he was well known among the legal fraternity of the State.
He was learned and a fine orator ; and though not able to
take part in the affairs of the community during the last few
years, he retained his interest to the last. He was always a
reader and writer and had contributed widely to papers and
periodicals on historical subjects.
During his sixty years spent as a member of the bar of
Texas he took part in many criminal trials. He was a
vigorous defender of States' rights.
Surviving General Bagby are two sons, A. T. Bagby, con-
nected with the State tax office in Austin, and Will T. Bagby.
a practicing attorney of Hallettsville and former member of
the State Legislature.
Graybill Camp, No. 1534, U. C. V.
The following members of Graybill Camp, U. C. V., of
Tennille, Ga.. have answered the last roll call : J. E. Mel-
drem. Company E, 1st Georgia Regiment; J. A. Ray, Com-
pany E, 15th Georgia Regiment; Capt. J. D. Franklin, Com-
pany H, 28th Georgia ; L. N. Batchelor, Company I, 59th
Georgia; James L. Brantley, Company D, 59th Georgia;
James Sumner, Company H, 28th Georgia Battalion; Cor
W. E. Murchison, Company G, 59th Georgia; G. F. Boa
right, Company E, 5th Georgia State Troops.
[M. G. Murchison, Adjutant.]
Veterans of Lancaster County. Va.
Lancaster County. Va., mourns the loss of four of its b
loved veterans.
Comrade Michael Herndon Wilder was born on Septemb
20, 1843, at Irvington, Va. Early in March, 1861, when tl
clouds of war were fast settling over the country, he vc
unteered his service to defend the beloved Southland and w
mustered into service at White House, Lancaster County,
a private in Company L, 55th Virginia Infantry, und
Colonel Mallory. The regiment was assigned to Field's Bi
gade. Comrade Wilder participated in all the battles of th
brigade until he was captured at Falling Water on the 14
of July, 1863, as they were coming out of Pennsylvania aft
the hard fight at Gettysburg. He was sent to Point Lookoi
where he suffered the horrors of that prison for eight montl
He was exchanged on March 17, 1864. He was as brave at
intrepid a soldier as ever fought under the Southern fla
After the war was over he came back to his old home, whe
he married Miss Emma V. Hammonds and. settled down
live a quiet and useful life. He answered the "last roll cal
in December, 1920. He was a good neighbor, a kind frien
and his memory will live on and on.
Comrade James Z. Woolridge answered the last "roll eal
at his home in Molusk, Lancaster County, Va., on Decemb
30, 1920. At the very beginning of war he volunteered h
service and was assigned to Company H, 55th Infatiti
where he served with bravery and gallantry' until he was ca
tured and taken to Point Lookout. There he suffered fea
fully from hunger and cold. He was released on July I
1865. After the war he moved from Middlesex County
Lancaster County, where he married Miss Nellie Carter, wl
lived but a few years. He was a member of St. Mary's Epi
copal Church (Old White Chapel), also a member of t
Lawson-Ball Camp of Confederate Veterans, where he w
honored and beloved by all of his comrades. He was a Chr
tian gentleman, a brave soldier, loyal always to the cause f
which he fought.
Napoleon B. Wingate. of Lancaster County-, answered t
last roll call on December 19, 1920, at his home at Molu:
In June, 1861, he volunteered his service and was muster
in as a private in Company E. 40th Virginia Infantry, whe
he served with honor and valor until he surrendered w
Lee at Appomattox on the ninth day of April, 1865.
William Fleet Pridham, of Richmond, Va., died at t
home of his son at Ottoman, Lancaster County, Va., on C
cember 27, 1920.
[Mrs. Luther G. Connellee, Historian of the Lancast
County Chapter.]
James Harrison Hagy.
After a lingering illness of several months, James Harris<
Hagy died at his home, near Greendale, Va., on Novemb
2. 1920, aged seventy-seven years. He was a member (
Company I, 48th Virginia Regiment, enlisting at the age >
eighteen years. He served throughout the entire war ai
surrendered with General Lee at Appomattox.
Mr. Hagy was married to Miss Sarah E. Roberts on Jul
25, 1867, and to this union seven children were born, wh.
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
147
"with their mother, survive him. He was a member of the
: Methodist Episcopal Church, South, a good neighbor, and
kind friend. He was also a member of the Masonic Lodge
for more than thirty-five years.
[G. W. Garrett, a friend of more than fifty years.]
Thomas E. Gee.
[From resolutions adopted by Martin Walt Camp, U. C.
-V., Brownwood, TeK.]
Thomas E. Gee was born in Sumter County, Ala., on
[anuary 17, 1838. He was educated at the university at
Staunton, Va. He served as quartermaster during the four
j/ears of war between the States.
:He was married to Miss Willie
jriffin, of Gainesville, Ala., in
[anuary, 1865, and she survives
lim, with their son and daugh-
ter.
Comrade Gee moved to
Cameron, La., in 1874; was
dected clerk of the court in
'.876 and served until 1908. He
noved to Brownwood, Tex., in
1909. Retiring from active busi-
ness life, he led a quiet, studious
;xistence, always interested in
he affairs of the Confederate
veteran, and he was one of the
-jest-posted men on all the topics
\~>i the day. His life was serene, T. E. gee.
useful, and well spent, and he
• eaves the world enriched in honor and spiritual benefits in
:he memory of his deeds as soldier and citizen.
On October 8, 1920, he left us for that land where he may
-■pend endless ages with Confederate heroes gone before to
•est under the shade of the trees.
: [Committee : Commander J. M. McCall, G. A. Nuckols,
\djt. T. A. Witcher.]
Thomas Reed Murray.
Thomas Reed Murray, born in Buncombe County, N. C,
lied at his home, near McKinney, Tex., in his ninety-first
'•ear. He w'as the fifteenth child in a family of sixteen, of
' vhom fifteen reached maturity. His early home is now a
: iart of the Vanderbilt estate near Asheville, N. C, and this
v >ld homestead had been in the family two hundred years.
In 1849 Thomas Murray was married to Miss Dila Wood,
if Rutherfordtown, N. C, and a few years later removed
Arkansas, locating at Batesville. When the War between
he States came on he enlisted for the Confederacy and
erved with Price's old army east of the Mississippi River,
•aking part in the battles of Corinth, Iuka, Port Gibson,
^icksburg, and Baker's Creek. He was with Price's raid in
■fissouri and was captured with his regiment at Big Black,
Jiss., three of the regiment making their escape by swim-
; ning the river. His regiment was taken north and kept in
■ >rison at Fort Delaware and Point Lookout, Md. His serv-
• :e extended over four years and under Colonel 'McCarver,
Methodist preacher, Colonel Cravens, and Lieutenant
-olonel Mathena.
Leaving Arkansas for Texas in 1867, he settled on a farm
(i Collin County near McKinney, removing some years later
a place nearer that city, where he died.
Comrade Murray was married three times. Eight children
were born to the first union, four surviving him. His sec-
ond marriage was to Mrs. Fisher, and of their three chil-
dren one is surviving. The third marriage was to Miss Jane
Irvin, of Waynesville, N. C, who died in 1911. There are
thirty-two grandchildren,, five great-grandchildren, and nine
great-great-grandchildren.
He was a man of much natural ability, strong intellect, and
his genial disposition made him welcome everywhere. He
was a member of the Throckmorton Camp, U. C. V., of Mc-
Kinney, and a regular attendant at its meetings as long as
he was able to get there.
Josephus Meador.
Josephus Meador was born in Newton County, Ga., on
September 22, 1833, and died at the home of his son. Judge
A. D. Meador, at Covington, Ga., on February 13, 1921.
After a slight indisposition from an old complaint, death
came to him as he slept.
Comrade Meador was a brave Confederate soldier and a
highly respected citizen. When his country called he was
among the first to enlist and served with the State troops at
Savannah for six months. When his time expired he re-
turned home and enlisted in a cavalry company being formed
at that time, and throughout the war he was a member of
Company B, 16th Georgia Battalion of Cavalry. His com-
mand was attached to Gen. John H. Morgan, the celebrated
cavalry leader, and he participated in the twenty-seven days'
raid through Kentucky and Ohio, as well as other raids made
by this brave commander. It can be said of him that he
never shirked a duty to which he was assigned, but was at
all times ready to do his part.
In November, 1865, he was married to Miss Louise E.
Yancey, who died some twenty-seven years ago. Of this
union was one son, Judge A. D. Meador, with whom he made
his home since his wife's death. He was a member of the
Masonic fraternity, having been at the time of his death one
of the oldest Masons in the county, and he was a member
of Jefferson Lamar Camp, U. C. V., of Covington. After
funeral services at the First Baptist Church of Covington,
he was buried with Masonic honors at the family burial
ground at Aycock's Shop.
[William Bird and W. A. Cannon, committee.]
H. P. Mann.
H. P. Mann, a member of Company I, 30th Mississippi In-
fantry, Walthall's Brigade, died on February 22, 1921, at
Sweetwater, Tex., while on a visit to his daughter, Airs. W.
B. Carthen.
Comrade Mann was born in Carroll County, Miss., on April
3, 1835. He enlisted at Carrollton, Miss., early in 1862 with
J. W. Campbell as his first captain. The company was com-
manded most of the time by Capt. J. G. Gibbs.
Comrade Mann had his left ankle badly shattered in the
battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn., and fell into the hands of the
enemy when General Bragg retired ; was afterwards removed
to Indianapolis, where he remained in prison until the close
of the war, suffering, besides the hardships that were the lot
of all Confederate prisoners, the added misery of his crushed
ankle. He was married on December 30, 1875, to Miss E. F.
Marshall, who survives him and was with him when he
passed away. Three daughters also survive him.
[W. T. Hightower.]
148
Qjoqfederat^ l/eteraf),
Richard M. Bugg.
Richard M. Bugg, the oldest and most beloved citizen of
Potosi, Mo., died there on the 13th of October, 1920, at the
age of eighty-five years. He was born in Columbus, Ga., on
April 10, 1835, and was the last surviving member of his
family. His early life was spent on the farm, and at the
outbreak of the War between the States he enlisted with the
Columbus City Light Guards, Wright's Brigade, 2d Georgia
Battalion, and served four years in the Army of Northern
Virginia, participating in many hard and trying battles, during
which were the battles around Richmond, Gettysburg, and
Petersburg.
In September, 186S, Comrade Bugg went to Missouri and
was associated with his aunt, Mrs. Eliza Perry, in the man-
agement of her mining properties at Potosi ; later he was in
the mercantile business, in which he was very successful. In
1870 he was married to Miss Annie W. Cole, who survives
him with their only child, Mrs. Mary B. Eversole.
During his residence in Potosi Comrade Bugg was known
as one of the most active citizens in the upbuilding of the
community. He was a man of generous impulses, ever a
friend to the needy, and had helped many over the rough
places in life. He became a member of the Presbyterian
Church in 1887 and had lived a consistent Christian life. His
mother was a charter member of the Presbyterian Church at
Columbus, Ga. During his invalidism following an accident
several years ago he found much comfort and solace in read-
ing the Bible, and just before falling into the last sleep he
repeated after the faithful and loving wife the childhood
prayer: "Now I lay me down to sleep, I pray the Lord my
soul to keep." He was most generous and kind in his home
life, and his cheerful presence is sadly missed there and
wherever he was known.
A. J. Brownlee.
In the death of A. J. Brownlee, which occurred on January
11, 1921, the community of Hereford, Tex., mourns the pass-
ing of the oldest citizen, yet younger than many in the alert-
ness of mind and keenness of interest in life. "Ninety-two
years young" was the thought of him during the weeks in
which life was gradually passing. Unique as a type of the
stalwart strength, stanch courage, and innate manhood of
the pioneer manhood, he was a worthy representative.
A. J. Brownlee was born in Campbellsville, Ky., where he
grew to manhood and was married. In 1853 he started to
Texas with his wife and child by way of New Orleans. On
the way cholera broke out on the boat, and his child was a
victim. Locating in Mount Pleasant, Tex., he operated a
tanyard there, and during the War between the States sup-
plied leather for the shoes of Confederate soldiers. His wife
died near the close of the war, and he returned to Kentucky
with his children and was at Campbellsville until 1874, when
he again went to Texas and made his home at Granbury,
where he married Mrs. Sallie J. O'Brien. In 1884 they re-
moved to Oklahoma, returning to Texas in 1913 and locating
at Hereford. Besides his wife, he is survived by five chil-
dren, four stepchildren, thirty-two grandchildren, and nine
great-grandchildren.
When quite a young man Mr. Brownlee became a Mason,
and throughout his life was a stanch supporter of its in-
terests. In a visit to the Grand Lodge at Dallas in 1909 he
was honored as the oldest Mason in Texas and presented
with a Masonic emblem. The last rites of his burial were
conducted with full Masonic honors.
Kenneth C. McKown.
Kenneth C. McCown, beloved Confederate veteran, an-
swered to the last roll call on January 14, 1921, having passed
into his eighty-first year. He was born at Capeville, Va.,
on December 1, 1S40. His early life was spent on his father's
farm, near Capeville, with one term at the University of
Virginia. Early in 1861 he ran the blockade on the eastern
coast of Virginia, after crossing Chesapeake Bay in an open
boat during a terrific snowstorm. From Hampton, Va., he
crossed over to Norfolk, where he joined the Horse Artillery
of the Norfolk Blues, in command of Captain Granby, Pick-
ett's Brigade, C. S. A. He went through the war as a pri-
vate, ever of good repute, received a slight wound during the
latter part of the war, was a prisoner at Point Lookout for
a short time, and was paroled from that prison at the close.
Some time after the war he was married to Miss Susan
Thomas Roberts, member of an old Capeville family. Six
splendid daughters survive them, the wife having preceded
him into the spirit land by some years. Since her death he
had been making his home with his daughter, Mrs. Elliott
Rickenbaker, in Summerville, S. C. After an illness of sev-
eral months he died at the Roper Hospital in Charleston, S.
C, and was buried in the old Episcopal churchyard at Sum-
merville.
He retained his undying love and adoration for his Con-
federate leaders and loved nothing so much as to talk of the
days of the "great war" — always under "Marse Robert."
William Fontaine Watson.
William Fontaine Watson, son of Dr. Overton D. Watson,
was born in Lauderdale County, Ala., on January 15, 1842,
and died at the Kentucky Confederate Home on March 1,
1921. His mother was Miss Annie Dickson. A sister and
a brother, Miss Sene W. Watson, of Richmond, Va., and L.
D. Watson, of Nashville, Tenn., survive him. He became a
member of the Christian Church shortly after the War be-
tween the States and was a faithful attendant on its services
for many years.
William Watson enlisted in Company F, 4th Alabama Cav-
alry, in 1862 — Col. W. C. Johnson's regiment of Roddy's Bri-
gade — and served under General Forrest up to the surrender.
His record as a soldier is without stain. He was faithful,
brave, and true, never shirked a duty, and was ever ready to
go when called upon. He loved the cause for which he so
valiantly fought.
Comrade Watson was an inmate for many years of the
Kentucky Confederate Home and was very popular with the
comrades there. Everybody liked "Billy" Watson, as he was
familiarly called, and he is greatly missed.
[B. J. Wesson.]
Members of Camp 763, Marietta, Ga.
The following members of Camp 763, U. C. V., of Marietta,
Ga., died during 1920: J. W. Read. Company A, 7th Georgia
Regiment; John A. Massey, Phillips's Legion; B. Rainey:
W. F. Murdock, Company C, Phillips's Legion; A. H. Tal-
ley; J. H. Brown; Nelson Robert, Company A, 7th Georgia;
J. P. Ray, Company A, 7th Georgia; S. J. Ellis; Sidney
Pickens, Company H, 7th Georgia ; Jesse Martin, Company
B, 38th Georgia; Grogan House, Company A, 18th Georgia;
Bryan, 23d Georgia; B. A. Osborn, Phillips's Legion;
Neal Williams, Company C, 21st Georgia; Blu Osborn, Com-
pany I, 7th Georgia.
[E. DeT. Lawrence, Adjutant.]
:
^pgfederat^ l/eterai?.
149
Capt. DeWitt Clinton Durham.
Capt. DeWitt C. Durham, a gallant Confederate soldier,
s born in Cleveland County, N. C, in 1839 and died at the
me of his son in Hattiesburg, Miss., on February 25, 1921.
: served in five military departments of the South. He was
ired in Kemper County, Miss., to which State his par-
:s, Benjamin F. and Elizabeth Evans Durham, moved in
13.
"aptain Durham was a scholarly man, having graduated
,)m Irving College, Tennessee, in 1858, afterwards attending
,,dge Pearson's law
(iool in North Caro-
a, returning to Mis-
• sippi at the outbreak
war to volunteer for
|i<: Confederacy. He
/listed in the Kemper
jiards and was elected
;ond lieutenant. This
;mpany was attached
the 59th Virginia
:giment, known as
• ise's Legion, under
immand of General
ise, which went into
est Virginia with the
rces of Gen. R. E.
, pie. Lieutenant Dur-
I.m's first battle was at
/wall Mountain, where
took up the gun of a
_llen comrade and ac-
: ely participated in an engagement with Rosecrans's troops.
:: was promoted to first lieutenant. The regiment moved
! Roanoke Island, where the entire command was captured.
le officers were paroled and afterwards exchanged.
Lieutenant Durham was commissioned captain of Company
' 46th Mississippi Regiment, with which he took part in the
; cksburg campaign, participating in the battle of Baker's
"eek and the forty-seven days' fightng during the siege of
cksburg. At the capitulation he was paroled, and when
changed in the fall of 1863 he rejoined his company, which
, commanded in the Georgia campaign from Resaca to
_ lanta. In the battle of Kenesaw Mountain he was hit
jiiarely in the forehead by a spent rifle ball and was carried
the rear with the dead, but, recovering consciousness, he
is soon on the firing line. On August 4, 1864, in front of
lanta, he was more seriously wounded, a ball passing
rough both thighs. In the spring of 1865 he was captured
r a third time while on duty in the trenches at Blakely,
'ir Mobile. Subsequently he was a prisoner of war at
' lip Island and was paroled at Meridian at the close of hos-
ties.
In 1868 Captain Durham moved to Meridian, where he
, is for many years prominently identified with the city's af-
irs. He married Miss Harriet C. Chatfield, daughter of
[ 2 Rev. G. W. Chatfield, a prominent Alabama and Missis-
j >pi educator and divine. Captain Durham is survived by
sons — W. L. Durham and D. C. Durham — and two daugh-
'S — Mrs. C. H. Steele and Miss Eloise Durham. He was a
,;mber of Walthall Camp, No. 25, U. C. V.
CAPT. D. C. DURHAM.
Mat. Randolph Barton.
Randolph Barton, for nearly fifty-five years a leading
attorney of Baltimore, Md., died at his home in that city on
March 15. He is survived by his wife, seven sons, and two
daughters.
Born in Winchester, Va., on April 24, 1844, the son of
David Walker Barton, a prominent lawyer of that city, and
Fanny L. Jones Barton, Comrade Barton was educated in
the academy at Winchester and the Virginia Military Insti-
tute. When seventeen years of age he put aside his books
to take up arms for the South.
As sergeant major of the 33d Virginia Infantry, of the
Stonewall Brigade, he was wounded in the first battle of
Manassas and later was taken prisoner at Kernstown. After
nearly five months of confinement in the Baltimore city jail
and Port Delaware, he was released and became lieutenant in
a company of the 2d Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade.
He was severely wounded at Chancellorsville.
Following his appointment to the post of assistant adjutant
general of the Stonewall Brigade, Mr. Barton was wounded
at Spotsylvania Courthouse and at Winchester and was also
struck in several other engagements. In 1865 he was ap-
pointed by Gen. I. A. Walker as assistant adjutant and in-
spector general with the rank of major, but surrendered at
Appomattox Courthouse before receiving his commission.
He married Miss Agnes P. Kirkland in 1869.
Returning to his home at the close of the war, "Major"
Barton, as he was better known to his friends, prepared for
his legal career as a student in the office of Judge Richard
Parker, of Winchester, who presided at the trial of John
Brown. Moving to Baltimore in 1866, he was admitted to
the bar and started to practice.
He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church,
and for a number of years was a member of the vestry
of his Church and also served for some years as vestryman
of the convention of the Maryland Diocese.
Of a kindly and genial disposition, he had many friends.
He belonged to the University Club and also expressed his
continued interest in Confederate affairs by membership in
the Society of the Army and Navy of the Confederate States.
John Pratt West.
John Pratt West died at the Maryland Line Confederate
Soldiers' Home, Pikesville, Md., on December 1, 1920. He
was born on March 19, 1837, on the "Merryland Tract,"
Frederick County, Md., and at the outbreak of the war en-
listed in Ashby's Cavalry, later the 7th Virginia Regiment,
of which Turner Ashby was colonel He was a member of
Company G. together with Frank Knott, Charles Wilson,
Eugene West, Blanchard Philpot, John Dunlop, Benjamin P.
Crampton, Israel Graham, Thaddeus Thrasher, Clarence and
Thomas Hilleary, Tom Pitts Brashears, Billy Burns, Robert
Marlow, Jim Thomas, and many others from the "Tract"
whose names are not now recalled. "Jack West" was with
his command throughout the war, with it in the "glorious
days of 1862" in the Valley, with it at Brandy Station when
Stuart was outgeneraled (but his men were not outfought),
present at Trevillian's Depot on that June day in 1864 when
Hampton outgeneraled and his men outfought the Yankees
under Sheridan and Custer and drove them back into their
lines, and on many another hard-fought field Jack West did
his full duty. He was a true soldier of the Confederacy.
What finer thing can be said of him? Peace to his ashes!
i5o
Qogfederat^ l/eterap.
"dniteb ^Daughters of tbe Confederacy
"~£oi*s TTPaAras TZfomory iSetrr-rta/"
Mrs. Roy W. McKinnev, President General
Paducah, Ky.
Mrs. Alice Baxter, Atlanta, Ga First Vice President General
Mrs. Bennett D. Bell, Nashville, Term Second Vice President General
Mrs. R. P. Holt, Rocky Mount, N. C Third Vice President General
Mrs. R. D. Wright, Newberry, S. C Recording Secretary General
Mrs. W. E. R. Byrnes, Charleston. W. V.i Cor. Secretary General
Mrs. Amos Nokris, Tampa, Fla Treasurer General
Mrs. A. A. CaSiprell, Wylheville, Va Historian General
Mrs. Fannte R. Williams, Xewton, N. C Registrar General
Mrs. William D. Mason, Philadelphia, Pa Custodian of Crosst
Mrs. J. H. Crenshaw, Montgomery, Ala Custodian Flags and Pennants
[All communications (or this department should be sent direct to Mrs. A. B. "White, Official Editor, Paris, Tenn.]
FRO'M THE PRESIDENT GENERAL.
To the United Daughters of the Confederacy: The thir-
teenth annual circular of the U. D. C. Committee on Educa-
tion has been issued to Presidents of Divisions, of Chapters
where there are no Divisions, and to the Chairman of Educa-
tion. If any of these have failed to receive copies, they
should notify at once the Chairman of Education, Miss Ar-
mida Moses, Sumter, S. C.
Many valuable scholarships are available for next Septem-
ber. Those vacant are as follows : Scholarships in full, cov-
ering practically all expenses, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie,
N. Y., for young women, $800 ; Washington and Lee Uni-
versity, Lexington, Va., for young men, $380. Scholarships
of various amounts covering only part of the expenses are
to be bestowed for : Medical College of South Carolina,
Charleston, S. C, $120; Army and Navy Preparatory School.
Washington, D. C, $400 ; Marion Institute, an army and navy
school, Marion, Ala., $150 ; Converse College, Spartanburg,
S. C, $100; Gulf Coast Military Academy, Gulfport, Miss.,
$100; Brenau College Conservatory, Gainesville, Ga., $110;
St. Mary's School, Memphis, Tenn. (open to day pupils),
$100; Springside School, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia (open
to day pupils), $300; Martin College, Pulaski, Tenn., $100;
Lindenwood College, St. Charles, Mo., $200; Alabama Poly-
technic Institute, Auburn, Ala., $50; Southern Methodist
University, Dallas, Tex., $75 ; Southwestern Presbyterian
Presbyterian College, Clarksville, Tenn., $50; Columbia In-
stitute, Columbia, Tenn., $75; Trinity College, Durham, N.
C, $50; Centenary College, Cleveland, Tenn., $65; Eastern
College, Manassas, Va., $75; Harriman College, Harriman,
Tenn., $100; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.
C, $60; University of Alabama, University, Ala., $60; Uni-
versity of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla., $100; University of the
South, Sewanee, Tenn., $70; Lucy Cobb Institute, Athens,
Ga., $330; Meridian College Conservatory, Meridian, Miss.,
$50; and at the University of Virginia, Charlotte, Va., there
are vacant nineteen U. D. C. scholarships, valued at $95 each.
In addition, the amount of $1,634.51 will" be bestowed in hero
scholarship "to honor the men of the South who served their
reunited country wherever needed in 1917-18."
Applications for the Vassar scholarship must be in hand
by May 1, for all others by June 1. All applications are re-
quired to go through the Division Chairman of Education,
and all inquiries about scholarships should be addressed to
them.
Our duty to this splendid catalogue of opportunity is to
see that these scholarships are filled, and to do so the atten-
tion of ambitious young students must be called to our or-
ganization's educational advantages. This brings us again to
the point of individual responsibility, and I beg you, each and
every member, to find the young men and young women who
need the assistance we offer.
The Robert E. Lee Memorial. — On page 196 of the Ashe
ville Minutes is printed the resolution adopted by the conven
tion assuring the Washington and Lee University authorities
of "sympathy and cooperation in this patriotic task." A copy
of the Lee booklet therein approved is now in my possession
and is of great beauty and value. The booklet is presented as
a certificate of subscription and is mailed to all subscribers to
the Lee Memorial Fund by our own Mrs. C. B. Tate, the
Treasurer of the Memorial Fund Committee and the cus-
todian of the chapel with its mausoleum, the recumbent statue
by Valentine, General Lee's office, and many art works of
interest and great value. The purpose is to accomplish the
reconstruction of the western half of Lee Chapel, to make the
structure fireproof, to install a heating plant, to enlarge the
seating capacity, and to bring the building "into architectural
harmony with the stately Washington building opposite," to
equip and endow the Robert E. Lee Memorial School of
Civil and Highway Engineering, and to endow the Robert
E. Lee School of Journalism in Washington and Lee Uni-
versity. Popular subscription in modest amounts, five dollars
upward, is the method chosen. The name of each subscriber
will be enrolled in a large volume to be kept in the chapel
so that future generations may know who participated
establishing the Lee Memorial Fund. The Virginia Di-
vision has accepted the responsibility and is now working or
the endowment which shall maintain a permanent custodian
for the mausoleum and chapel.
This great enterprise has the hearty indorsement of the
United Daughters of the Confederacy, and as your Presi
dent I call your attention to it now in the hope that each
member of the organization will have some part in the ef-
fort to create this worthy memorial. A ringing appeal comes
to the heart when we stop to consider that we here have the
opportunity to complete the plans General Lee himself with
great vision made for the school, plans he left unfinished on
that October day in 1870.
With eager interest I await results of your work for the
Hero Fund, the Jefferson Davis monument, and the book,
"Southern Women in War Times," and hope with your as-
sistance to complete these three obligations before summer
overtakes us.
Cordially, Mrs. M. Faris McKinney.
"A prayer
For courage to walk in the ways of truth,
And the strength to keep at last,
'Mid the frosts of winter the bloom of youth
And the fragrance of the past."
Qoi)federat<^ l/eteraij.
151
THE HERO FUND.
Daughters of the Confederacy: I have been very much
atified by the response of some of the States to my appeal
ir the Hero Fund sent out in January. All who responded
id they hoped to be able to pay their per capita in full very
on. I hope those who haven't answered are working to that
id and will let me hear from them soon. Daughters, $1.15
•r capita is a small amount for us to pay for such a wonder-
il cause. Let us all work together and complete this fund
-lis year.
Following is my report for the Hero Fund for January
id February:
alifornia Division $ 174 55
hiladelphia Chapter 9 00
entucky Division 123 94
alifornia Division 51 35
' Total $ 358 84
reviously reported 6,600 00
1 iberty bonds 1,250 00
: ! Total $8,208 S4
Very respectfully, Mrs. J. T. Beat,, Treasurer.
DIVISION NOTES.
' Arkansas. — On February 12 Mrs. J. T. Beal was hostess to
le Executive Board meeting of the Arkansas Division. The
resident, Mrs. W. E. Massey, of Hot Springs, was present
rid conducted the morning and afternoon sessions. An out-
ne of the year's work was given and concurred in by the
oard. All officers, as well as chairmen of standing and
' lecial committees, made reports, showing progress in all
' nes of work. Nine Chapters were represented and much
'nportant work was discussed. Fort Smith was selected as
' le next meeting place of the State Conference. A buffet
mcheon was served by the hostess and her daughter, Mrs.
.ula Beal Dibrell. The next Executive Board meeting will
e held at the home of the State President in Hot Springs
.n Saturday, May 21, 1921.
At the meeting of the Hot Springs Chapter in January
apt. John Appier spoke "In Memoriam.' He had on the
niform worn by him as a private soldier the day he was left
n the battle field as dead. The uniform contained four bul-
":t holes, but otherwise was in a good state of preservation.
ifter saluting the American flag, he gave the lines written
y Will S. Hays on the death of Gen. Robert E. Lee. Cap-
lin Appier claims that this is the only uniform of a private
'onfederate soldier now in existence.
On February 14 the regular meeting of the Benton Chapter
•as held with Mrs. J. W. Bailey, assisted by her lovely
aughter, Miss Elizabeth. The birthday of Robert E. Lee
'as celebrated with a silver tea, from which was netted quite
nice little sum for the endowment fund.
California. — California Division will hold ts annual conven-
ion, beginning on May 11, at the Hotel Virginia, Long Beach,
-al., and it is hoped some of the general officers can be pres-
nt, also that any Daughter in California from other State
Hvisions will attend.
U. D. C. affairs in Southern California have been numer-
us during the winter. General Lee's birthday was celebrated
y the four Chapters in Los Angeles by pretentious gather-
jigs, Los Angeles Chapter being entertained by Mrs. Eras-
mus Wilson, of Chester Place, with a reception and musicale.
Robert E. Lee Chapter gave a dance at Ebell Clubhouse, and
Wade Hampton Chapter held memorial exercises at Trinity
Church. John H. Reagan gave a luncheon of eighty covers
with Confederate veterans as honor guests.
Albert Sidney Johnston Chapter celebrated the birthday
of the general for whom the Chapter was named and was
also hostess to some of the San Francisco Bay Chapters for
the Lee anniversary. Jefferson Davis Chapter had a recep-
tion and appropriate exercises on January 19, which is also
the birthday of Mrs. Sidney M. Van Wyck, its founder, for
whom memorial services of respect were held, members de-
voting a moment of silent thought.
Colorado. — The Margaret Davis Hayes Chapter, of Den-
ver, held a splendid meeting in November in the form of a
harvest home festival, and a generous supply of good things
was donated for a local tubercular institution for destitute
women and girls. The Christmas party was also a perfect
success and appropriately celebrated. The January meeting
was a joint celebration of the birthdays of Robert E. Lee,
Stonewall Jackson, and Commodore Mathew Fontaine Maury,
and a splendid address on the lives of these great men was
given by Carl Hinton. Adjutant General S. C. V.
The State officers who reside in Denver gave a card party
and luncheon in January from which a nice little sum was
realized for the State work.
The Robert E. Lee Chapter of Grand Junction has paid
its per capita to the Hero Fund and also headed the list
with $10 to the Hoover Fund.
The Nathan Bedford Forrest Chapter of Pueblo has paid
its per capita to the Hero Fund.
In the passing of Mrs. O. S. Cunningham, of Pueblo, the
Nathan Bedford Forrest Chapter has lost a beloved member,
one who had devoted herself to the work for a number of
years.
Maryland. — The anniversary of the birth of Gen. Robert
E. Lee was celebrated by the Baltimore Chapter at Arundcll
Hall, Mrs. Rufus K. Goodnow, the President, presiding. The
first public reading of the prize essay, written by Miss Laura
Lee Davidson, on the work of "Maryland Women in the Con-
federacy" was given by Matthew Page Andrews.
Miss Christiana Bond read a paper on her personal remi-
niscences of General Lee. These were from the diary of her
first season at White Sulphur Springs and gave delightful
glimpses of the personal and social side of the great general
and emphasized his magnanimity toward the people of the
North. Miss Jane Cary called attention to the error in John
Drinkwater's play, "Abraham Lincoln," where General Grant
is made to refuse the sword of General Lee. The famous
sword of Lee was presented to Professor Maupin, of the
University of Virginia, father of Mrs. R. Corbin Maupin,
who is Historian of the Maryland Division, U. D. C.
A bust of General Lee was presented to the Robert E.
Lee Junior High School by the Baltimore Chapter on January
17. This bust was designed by Dr. Volck. Maj. Randolph
Barton made the speech of presentation, and this included
personal reminiscences of General Lee. He told of a contest
open to pupils of the school in which a prize will be given
for the best essay on General Lee. Dr. David E. Weglein,
assistant superintendent of city schools, accepted the bust in
behalf of the school. The children of the school gave beauti-
ful musical renditions of Southern melodies. Matthew Page
Andrews made a short address, after which he presented a
Qor?federat^ l/eterap.
book, "Women of the South in War Times." The bust was
unveiled by Miss Mary Alricks Marshall, the daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. R. E. Lee Marshall.
Missouri. — The St. Louis Chapter, of St. Louis, is financing
two sisters at the School of the Ozarks in Taney County.
This Chapter is also aiding two elderly ladies in St. Louis
who have been under the watchful care of the Chapter for
several years.
The State President, Mrs. J. P. Higgins, was the guest of
honor at the breakfast given by the six Chapters of Kansas
City commemorating the birthdays of General Lee and Gen-
eral Jackson, Mrs. R. C. Orr, President of the Robert E.
Lee Chapter, acting as toastmistress. Crosses of honor were
given the four veterans by Mrs. Allen Porter, Recorder of
Crosses of the Stonewall Jackson Chapter. The Kansas City
Chapter, the Stonewall Jackson Chapter, the George Edward
Pickett Chapter, the Upton Hayes Chapter, and the Dixie
Chapter were represented by their respective Presidents on the
program.
The Dixie Chapter, of Kansas City, has given its second
business college scholarship, valued at one hundred dollars,
which is filled by Miss Marion Watson, a charter member of
the Chapter.
The twenty-third annual meeting of the Confederate Vet-
erans was held at Springfield, Mo., in October. Maj. Gen.
W. C. Bronaugh, of Kansas City, was reelected Commander
of the Division.
The M. A. E. McLure Chapter, St. Louis, Mrs. W. H.
Hudson, President, gave a very beautiful ball at the Bucking-
ham Hotel on February 4.
The Sterling Price Chapter, St. Joseph, Mrs. Elliott
Spalding, President, entertained two hundred guests at a
luncheon on January 19, commemorating the anniversaries of
Gens. R. E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson.
The Robert E. Lee Chapter, of Blackwater, Mo., Mrs. Jesse
T. McMahan, President, has supported a French orphan two
years, is giving financial aid to a young woman in training
for a nurse, and is doing a great deal of other educational
and benevolent work.
The John S. Marmaduke Chapter, of Columbia, Mrs. Bern-
hard C. Hunt, President, arranged a beautiful float for the
Elks' convention.
Mrs. W. E. Owen, President of the Kate K. Salmon Chap-
ter, of Clinton, is State Recorder of Crosses, Missouri Di-
vision.
The Hannibal Chapter, Mrs. James R. Bozarth, President,
presented to Admiral Robert E. Coontz, a native of Hannibal,
chief of naval operations of the United States, a set of
sterling silver Mark Twain spoons with "U. D. C." engraved
in the bowl of each spoon.
The Stonewall Jackson Chapter, Kansas City, Mrs. D. L.
Shumate, President, has been paying the rent for the meet-
ing place for the veterans and serving dainty refreshments
and cigars after the meetings. This Chapter gave the greatest
number of crosses of honor last year of any Chapter in the
State.
The Fitzhugh Lee Chapter, Mexico, Miss Emma Mc-
Pheeters, President, has subscribed to the Confederate Vet-
eran for the Mexico high school reading room, also for the
community room. The volumes from 1916 to 1919 were
bound and placed in the public library.
The Moberly Chapter, Mrs. L. W. McKinney, President,
sent a fine collection of relics to the Missouri room at Rich-
mond.
The Springfield Chapter, Mrs. George Baxter, President,
has placed a picture of Robert E. Lee in the Springfield high
school.
New York. — The New York Division began the new year
with a crowded calendar.
On January' IS Mrs. James Henry Parker, President of the
New York Chapter, gave a reception at the Hostel Astor for
the entire New York Division and visiting Daughters. As-
sisting the hostess in receiving was Mrs. Skinner. The guest
of honor was Mrs. Jones, the mother of Mrs. Parker. The
convention at Asheville in November last graciously be-
stowed upon Mrs. Jones the title "Belle of Dixie."
On January 19 the Confederate Camp of New York held
its annual "camp fire" and dance at the Astor. Commander
Hatton made some introductory remarks and was followed
by several other speakers, among whom were Colonel Chaf-
fee and Gen. Robert E. Lee Bullard, now in command at
Governor's Island, N. Y. Rev. Dr. Nathan A. Seagle, son
of a North Carolina veteran, offered prayer at the close.
Then followed a supper and dance. Mrs. Livingston Ro^e
Schuyler, President of the Division, was at the head of the
entertainment committee.
The one absorbing question now is the completion of the
bust of Gen. Robert E. Lee to be placed in the Hall of Fame
at New York University. Mrs. R. W. Jones, No. 220 West
Ninety-Eighth Street, New York City, Chairman of the Di-
vision Committee, will be most happy to acknowledge all con-
tributions, large or small, from any who wish to participate
in this tribute.
Virginia. — Raising the endowment to keep the custodian
at the Lee Mausoleum at Lexington is the largest work under-
taken by the Virginia Daughters this year. Surely a stupen-
dous task, but with one hundred and forty-eight active Chap-
ters this can and will be accomplished.
The Confederate Museum in Richmond celebrated its
twentj'-fifth anniversary on February 22. Open house was
kspt from eleven to five, addresses made, and old Southern
songs were sung.
The Governor of Virginia, by proclamation, designated Feb-
ruary 1 as Maury Day in accordance with the following:
"The Assembly of 1920 appropriated $10,000 to the Matthew-
Fontaine Maury Association to aid in the erection of a monu-
ment to Maury. This act requests the Governor to designate
a Maury Monument Day. The act further provides that the
State Board of Education shall call upon Division Superin-
tendents to have the pupils in the public school on the day
designated instructed concerning the life and achievements
of Maury. On this day the children in the schools will be
given an opportunity to make a contribution to the monument
fund."
At the request of Mrs. W. C. N. Merchant, of Chatham,
Chairman of the Virginia Committee on Confederate Scholar-
ships, the Southern Woman's Educational Alliance, until re-
cently known as the Bureau of Vocations, will investigate all
applications for U. D. C. scholarships. Of the forty-four
scholarships, twenty-nine are full tuition and fifteen for part
tuition. Some member of the applicant's immediate family —
father, grandfather, or uncle — must have served in the Con-
federate army or contributed some service to the Confederacy
during the War between the States. All applications should
be made to the Southern Woman's Educational Alliance, Rich-
mond Hotel, Richmond, Va.
Washington. — January 19, the birthday anniversary of Gen.
Robert E. Lee, was celebrated by the members of Dixie
<^oq federate l/eterap.
153
hapter, Tacoma, at the home of Mrs. A. W. Ollar, with the
onfederate veterans of Pickett Camp as guests of honor.
- he distinctive feature of the program was a short talk by
ich of the veterans present, telling of the most important
- ittle in which they had a part. Mrs. Barret read a poem
ritten in honor of our great chieftain by her father, Judge
;anghorne, who was unable to be present. A birthday offer-
ig of $37 was made by the members and guests to the Euro-
;an Relief Fund.
' The members of the John B. Gordon Camp and their wives
.ere entertained by Mrs. Harry A. Callahan at her home,
arge Confederate flags were draped in the drawing room
.id dining room, adding to the beauty of the Christmas
xorations of holly, mistletoe, and chrysanthemums.
;, The meeting of the Robert E. Lee Chapter at the home of
aniel Kelleher served the double purpose of doing honor to
le memory of General Lee and to four of the soldiers who
ore the gray with him. "Lives of great men contain the
, ssons of history, and out of the lessons of history are great
- en built," said Stephen F. Chadwick in paying tribute to
le Southern leader. Mrs. R. F. Bartz, representing Daugh-
rs of the Confederacy, bestowed the crosses of honor on
. D. Richardson, William R. Garnett, A. Harker, A. J. Rey-
jrn, and Dr. J. L. Leavel. They were little more than boys
hen they enlisted in the Confederate forces. Richardson
mght through the Virginia campaigns in Gary's Cavalry
rigade. Garnett went with John Morgan's cavalry on his
-imous Ohio raid, Leavel participated in the Missouri cam-
iign under General Price, and Harker fought under Bagley
: . Johnson at Gettysburg.
= West Virginia. — The annual convention of the West Vir-
nia Division was held on September 6 and 7, 1920, in Alder-
->n, when the Alderson Chapter, Miss Emma C. Alderson,
resident, was the hostess. From the point of reports on
jxomplishments, activities, and growth, as well as financial
mdition, and by the charming hospitality and delightful en-
1 rtainments for the delegates the 1920 convention was ac-
aimed one of the most successful in the history of this
, ivision and one of which all West Virginia Daughters are
,istly very proud. A source of gratification to all Chapters
. the little mountain State was the reelection of our very
■ -pable and beloved State President, Mrs. W. E. R. Byrne,
, : Charleston, with the following officers to assist her: First
ike President, Mrs. John J. Cornwell, Executive Mansion,
harleston ; Second Vice President, Miss Kinnie Smith,
arkersburg ; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Charles L. Reed,
, untington ; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Charles Sutton,
larksburg ; Treasurer, Miss Mary C. Stribling, Martins-
irg; Historian, Miss Ora F. Tomlinson, Charles Town:
egistrar, Mrs. William Echols, Alderson ; Director of Gul-
den's Auxiliaries, Miss Anna K. Kife, Buffalo; Custodian
1 ' Crosses, Mrs. T. N. Reed, Hinton.
The Huntington Chapter celebrated the joint birthdays of
enerals Lee and Stonewall Jackson with a large reception,
, which the honor guests were Mrs. W. E. R. Byrne, State
.resident, and Mrs. John J. Cornwell, the wife of the retir-
. g Governor, State Vice President.
Charleston Chapter, No. 151, entertained the Confederate
eterans and their families, Daughters of the Confederacy,
Dns of Confederate Veterans, and all Southern sympathizers
! ith a delightful evening of music, Confederate reminiscences,
id short addresses by a number of illustrious West Vir-
nians who are sons of the Southland's veterans. A
delicious buffet supper was served to nearly two hundred
guests.
At the home of Mrs. C. K. Payne, its Treasurer, Charles-
ton Chapter, No. 151, tendered a farewell reception to Mrs.
John J. Cornwell, who leaves Charleston with the change of
administrations for her home in Romney. Mrs. Cornwell
will be greatly missed in the capital, where she has endeared
herself to a wide circle.
This Division is steadily working toward the complete ac-
complishment of the registration of every single Daughter
(many the wives of veterans) who have been paying, active
members of this great organization, but because of oversight
or neglect, and particularly because of the lack of the realiza-
tion of the necessity of it, have not had their registration
papers recorded or even filled out.
Ijtflturtrai irpartmntt 1. 1. GL
Motto : "Loyalty to the truth of the Confederate history."
Key word. "Preparedness." Flower : The rose.
MRS. A. A. CAMPBELL, HISTORIAN GENERAL.
U. D. C. PROGRAM FOR MAY, 1921.
Sidney and Clifford Lanier, Georgia Poets.
Read aloud some of their poems and have a paper on the
life of Sidney Lanier and his place among American poets.
C. OF C. PROGRAM FOR MAY, 1921.
Hero Year.
Albert Sidney Johnston, the hero of Shiloh. Describe this
battle and the beautiful monument erected by the U. D. C.
and consider how the death of General Johnston prevented
a complete victory.
CHILDREN OF THE CONFEDERACY IN NEW YORK
CITY.
A Chapter of Children of the Confederacy was organized
in New York City on March 12, 1920, as an auxiliary to the
New York Chapter, U. D. C, and has a membership of some
forty children, ranging in age from one to sixteen years, and
among them are grandchildren of Gen. Joseph Wheeler. Its
officers are : President, Miss Mary S. Shropshire ; Vice Presi-
dent, Miss Margaret Jones ; Corresponding Secretary, E. G.
Davis ; Recording Secretary, Rebecca Lanier ; Treasurer,
Coleman Brown ; Registrar. Harrison Lee Buck.
A report of the first annual meeting of this Chapter comes
from Mrs. J. D. Beale, Historian of the New York Chapter,
in the following : "The meeting was held on Saturday, March
12, at the home of Mrs. Alexander Smith, invited guests
being Mrs. Parker, President of the New York Chapter, Mrs.
Schuyler, President of the New York Division, Mrs. Alfred
Cochran, Mrs. R. W. Jones, and the mothers of the members.
Mrs. Beale read a paper on Gen. Joseph Wheeler and pre-
sented a picture of him to the Chapter. Reminiscent talks
of their acquaintance with General Wheeler were made by
Mrs. Schuyler, Mrs. Parker, and Mrs. Cochran. The chil-
dren gave an enjoyable program of music and recitations, the
exercises closing with the singing of 'Dixie,' led by Mrs.
Kenyon, of Tennessee, after giving a group of Southern
songs."
:
154
^opfederat^ 1/eterai?.
Confederated Southern Memorial association
Mrs. A. McD. Wilson President
436 Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Ga.
Mrs. C. B. Bryan First Vice President
Memphis, Tenn.
Miss Sue H. Walker Second Vice President
Fayetteville, Ark.
Mrs. John E. Maxwixl Treasurer
Seale, Ala.
Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson Recording- Secretary
7909 Sycamore Street, New Orleans, La.
Miss Mary A. Hall Historian
1 137 Greene Street, Augusta, Ga.
Mrs. Bryan W. Collier.. Corresponding Secretary
College Park, Ga.
Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle Poet Laureate
1045 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.
General
LEADING INTERESTS OF THE ASSOCIATIONS.
My Dear Coworkers: I am happy in bringing to your at-
tention some new developments of our work in conjunction
with that as carried on in past years.
First, let me urge that as the day of memories — our Me-
morial Day — approaches, bringing in its train a flood tide of
inspiration, an epochal opportunity for driving home new les-
sons of patriotic loyalty to the young people of the Southland,
that your Associations strive to be to them shining examples
in the performance of this sacred duty and privilige.
Second, let me again impress upon you the fast-passing
opportunity of honoring our veteran Confederate mothers
in presenting the gold bar of honor to each living mother
of a Confederate veteran. Seek them out. Soon it will be
too late. Send names to the Chairman at Large, Mrs. Frank
D. Tracy, Pensacola, Fla.
Third, do not forget the Junior Memorial work. It is very
important, more important than many things that are slip-
ping away from their moorings in the psst. The education
of our children along this line, the lessons we should teach
them to preserve the sentiments and traditions of our mothers
of the Old South should never be neglected.
It gives me great pleasure to announce the appointment of
Mrs. Westwood Hutchinson, of Manassas, Va., as Junior
National Organizer. Mrs. Hutchinson is peculiarly fitted for
this work, having for years been at the head of both Me-
morial and U. D. C. work, and her devotion to every cause
inspired by Southern sentiment easily fits her for leadership,
and she will be able to respond to any call for assistance in
organizing Junior Memorials.
The newly appointed President of West Virginia, Mrs.
Thomas H. Harvey, has as her most efficient State Vice
President Mrs. Lee Wilson. No more splendid workers could
be desired. With these two capable women to lead the forces
in West Virginia some of our older States will have to
look to their laurels or the new States will be found leading
them in active interest.
I take pleasure also in announcing the appointment of Mrs.
Warren A. Candler, of Atlanta, as Chairman of Resolutions.
Mrs. Candler is the wife of Bishop Candler, of Georgia, and
she is a woman with the spirit of the Old South and emi-
nently qualified for the work she has undertaken to do.
Faithfully yours, Mrs. A. McD. Wilson,
President General C. S. M. A.
ASSOCIATION NOTES.
BY LOLLIE BELLE WYLIE.
The Allan Seegar Library in France will be enriched by
the contribution of a complete set of Martin and Hoyt's
STATE PRESIDENTS
Alabama— -Montgomery Mrs. R. P. Dexte
Arkansas — Fayetteville Mrs. J. Garside Weld
Florida — Pensacola Mrs. Horace L. Simpsoi
Georgia — Columbus ..Miss Anna Caroline Benninj
KentU'- -:y — Bowling Green Missjeannie Blackbur
LoinrrAMA — New Orleans Mrs. James Dinkin
Missi:th'jT— Yicksburg Mrs. E. C. Carro:
Missouri— St. Louis Mrs. G. K. Warne
North Carolina— Ashville Mrs. J.J. Yate
Oklahoma— Tolsa Mrs. W. H. Crowdi
South Carolina— Charleston Mrs. S. Cary Beckwit
Tennessee— Memphis Mrs. Charles W. Fraa
Texas— Houston Mrs. Mary E. Brva
Virginia— Front Roval Mrs. S. M. Davis-Re
West Virginia— Huntington Mrs. Thos. H. Harve
library of "Southern Literature." These valuable books hav
been given to Mrs. Oswell Eve, of Augusta, Ga., the chaii
man at large, by the firm publishing them.
The family of the late Joel Chandler Harris has cor
tributed some interesting books of "Uncle Remus" stories t
this library, and Mrs. Bryan Wells Collier has presented tr
library with a copy of her "Distinguished Women of ft
Confederacy."
This work of sending Southern books by reputable write;
to the Allan Seegar Library is one that should be carried c
untiringly. There has been so much written and said t
Northern writers that gives the wrong impression and hi:
tory concerning the South that the time has come to refill
such misstatements and garbled accounts of the bravest ba
ties that were ever fought and of the noblest race of peop
in whose blood coursed the purest strain of the Anglo-Saxc
by placing such reading matter in the library as will verif
the truth of the South's claim to the highest place on tr
annals of history for heroism and nobility.
The time is getting shorter and shorter every day for tl
Confederate mothers to be honored as the C. S. M. A.
doing with the little gold bar, and it is urgent that the;
mothers who have lived through many sorrows and sever
wars should be found and given the sacred emblem. The
have not all been found. There still remain some who hai
living Confederate veteran sons and to whom the little go'
bar of honor should be given. A few years from now thei
will be no Confederate mothers. So get busy and find the
wherever they ma}' be and put this remaining bit of sunshii
and happiness in their lives.
Mrs. B. D. Gray has contributed the following interestir
communication to this department under the head of "Tl
Call of Memorial Day" : "As the springtime approaches ar
we feel the stirring and revival of plant life about us, 01
minds turn toward the resurrections of the body and the in
mortality of the soul. This is the true meaning of Eastertid
Soon the wild azaleas will cover the hillsides with the
lovely blooms, and in Atlanta that means that Memorial D;
has come again with its sacred duties and privileges. Ait)
sixteen years of residence in Atlanta and her suburb, Collej
Park, I am prepared to say that she surpasses all other citi>
I have known in the dignified, spontaneous celebration c
Memorial Day."
Mrs. Gray goes on with the story of the Atlanta Ladie
Memorial Association in this wise : "On April 25, 1866, thei
appeared in the Intelligencer and in the New Era, daily pape.
published in Atlanta, the announcement : 'In behalf of tl
ladies of Atlanta we request the merchants to close the
doors on April 26 for the purpose of decorating the gravt
of the Confederate soldiers. Signed, Mrs. Joseph H. Morga'
Qopfederat^ l/eterai).
L 55
s Julia Clayton, and Miss Sallie Clayton, Committee.'
ij result was that by nine o'clock next morning the 'City
'the Living' was deserted for the 'City of the Dead.' Time
v lid fail me to recount similar scenes throughout the
s : cken Southland. Our heroic mothers who had opened
t r homes and churches as hospitals during the sixties for
tt wounded and dying Confederate soldiers, now that the
l,- was over, turned their attention to marking the graves
a: building memorials to their beloved heroes. The 'His-
t f of the Confederate Memorial Associations of the South'
i filled with information and records the deeds of noble
V.nen from every State in the South, women who have kept
j deathless vigil over the soldier dead. Theirs was the
1 dest part to raise and build from desolate hearthstones and
j re desolate hearts ; but they builded well, and. we of this
{- eration are the heirs of their undying principles and the
c todians of their monuments. To us is intrusted the im-
I tant task of training the children of to-day in the cor-
,1,1 facts of history as enacted in the sixties. The Confed-
■«. te Memorial Association of the South is a chartered in-
I ution, growing and still true to the ideals of its founders
1 re than fifty years ago."
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF CONFED-
ERATE MUSEUM.
!"he twenty-fifth anniversary of the opening of the Con-
erate Museum in Richmond, Va., was celebrated on Feb-
! ry 22 with special exercises. The entire building was
. orated in red and white flowers. An interesting address
ijS made by John Stewart Bryan, in which he reviewed the
l.tory of the building and the founding of the museum.
j.The building was erected by Dr. John Brockenborough in
~ 7, and by 1861 it had passed into the hands of James A.
.' Idon, Secretary of War for the Confederacy. When war
vs declared, the building was purchased and furnished by
(i city of Richmond at a cost of $42,000 and was offered to
1 Confederate government for the "White House of the
<;ifederacy." However, the gift was not accepted, the gov-
ij ment preferring to rent its quarters ; so the building re-
iiined as the property of Richmond and thus escaped con-
I ation when the Federals took possession of the city. The
I nsion was occupied by Mr. Davis from May 29, 1861, to
I ril 2, 1865.
t was the intention of General Canby, commander of "Dis-
')?:t No. 1," with headquarters at Richmond, to utilize this
Mding for a negro school under the Freedman's Bureau,
: it later became a public school for the city of Richmond
p 1 would doubtless have continued in some municipal use
I for the idea conceived by the Daughters of the Confed-
l»-cy of perpetuating the ideals of the Confederacy in the
^ne of its President. It was in February, 1890, that this
a of making it a memorial hall of the Southern cause was
, ried out under the direction of Mrs. Joseph Bryan, Presi-
1 it of the Hollywood Memorial Association, and other
:• riotic ladies of the city, among whom were Mrs. E. D.
'tchkiss, Mrs. E. C. Minor, Mrs. George M. West, and
s. James R. Werth. The original board of 1896 were:
s. Raleigh Colston, Mrs. James H. Grant, Vice Presidents ;
s. M. S. Smith, Treasurer; Mrs. Stephen Putney, Record-
Secretary ; Mrs. Lizzie Cary Daniel, Corresponding SeC-
iry.
' The city of Richmond gave the building to the Confederate
■ :morial Literary Society in 1890, and it was formally de-
livered on June 3, 1894. Then the important work was to re-
pair the building and make it fireproof, and the funds for
this were raised in large part by a bazaar held in the First
Regiment Armory, by which $30 
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