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THE LIBRARY
of
VICTORIA UNIVERSITY
Toronto
THE CONTSTECTIOlSr
OF THE
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
WITH EARLY
AMERICAN DISCOVERY
AND
COLONIZATION.
BY THE KEY. WILLIAM STEVENS PERRY, M. A,
PORTLAND, MAINE
1863.
2
F 4
,5V
2 9
THE CONNECTION OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND
WITH EAELY AMERICAN DISCOVERY AND COLONIZATION,
BY REV. WILLIAM STEVENS PERRY,
Rector of St. Stephen's Church, Portland, Maine, and a Member of the Histori
cal Societies of Maine, Rhode Island and Pennsylvania.
The deep religious character of the early
colonists of our land other than the Puritans
of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, has been
little noticed by historians, and rarely if ever
alluded to in the more popular compends
whence most of our countrymen gain their
acquaintance with the annals of our discovery
and settlement. And yet, as might have been
inferred from the condition of both Church
and State in England at a time not very far j
removed from the purifying of the Reforma
tion and the Marian tires, and when, in the
ceaseless and embittered struggle with France
and Spain for the Empire of the West, it was
a religious war that was waged, in which
Raleigh, Gilbert, Drake, and their compeers,
were champions of the Protestant faith of the
English Church, against the Papacy and its
allies the leaders of colonization at home,
the earliest voyagers to our shores and the
settlers here, were men influenced full as
much by the desire for the salvation of souls,
the good of the Church of Christ, and the
wide extension of the limits of a common
Christianity, as that much-lauded company
whose landing on Plymouth Rock has re
ceived a world's eulogium. I have no wish
to disparage the Puritans, or to despoil them
of their well-earned honors. I only ask that
the simple fact that members and ministers
ot the English Church were in advance of
them both in the patient endurance of the
hardships of colonization and in the noble
work of Christianizing the aborigines, should
also be remembered and acknowledged. Per
haps a few references to these well estab
lished facts of history, will fittingly preface
and confirm the statements I propose to make,
with reference to the piety and faith of the
little colony at Fort St. George in Maine in
1607-8, the anniversary of whose landing day
has of late received for the first time appro
priate attention.
Even at the early date of A. D. 1578, more
than forty years before the landing at Ply
mouth, had the wilds of North America ech
oed with the solemn words of the service of j
the English Church, words first set forth in
English less than thirty years before by the
subsequently martyred Bishops and Presby
ters of that reformed Communion ; and words
fitting, from their script uralness and their
spirituality, to be the vehicle of the first act
of public Protestant devotion in a new world.
Martin Frobisher, who first led an English
colony to our shores, and among whose pious
" Articles and Orders to be observed for the
Fleete," was " Imprimis, to banish swearing,
dice and card-playing, and filthy communica
tion, and to serue God twice a day with the
ordinary seruiee of usuall in the churches of
England, "a was wont thus to set sail on his
expeditions of discovery and colonization :
" On Monday morning, the 27th of May,
aboord the Ayde, we received all the Com
munion by the Minister of Grauesend, and
prepared us as good Christians towards God,
and resolute men for all fortunes . and to
wards night we departed for Tilberry Hope."6
And so when on his third voyage, Fro
bisher took with him a hundred colonists to
settle on the lands he had discovered, the nar
rative of his Expedition tells of the services
and character of Wolfall, their Chaplain, who
was certainly the first Protestant missionary
as well as minister on our Continent. It was
after the recital of a marked deliverance that
the old annalist proceeds to tell that
" They highly praised God, and altogether
vpon their knees gave Him clue, humble and
hearty thanks ; and Maister Wolfall, a learned
man, appointed by her Majestie'.s Councell to
be their Minister and Preacher, made vnto
them a godley sermon, exhorting them espec
ially to be thankeful to God for their strange
and miraculous deliuerauce in those so dan
gerous places and putting them in mind of the
vucertaintie of man's life, willed them to make
themselves alwayes readie as resolute men to
enjoy and accept thankefully whatsoeuer ad-
uenture His diuine Providence should ap
point. This Maister Wolfall, being well seat
ed and settled at home in his owne countrey,
with a good and large liuing, having a good
honest woman to wife and very towardly chil
dren, being of good reputation among the
best, refused not to take in hand this paineful
voyage, for the onely care he had to saue
soules, and to reforme these infidels if it were
possible to Christianitie : and also partly for
the great desire that he had that this notable
voyage so well begunne, might be brought to
perfection : and therefore he was contented
to stay the whole yeare, if occasion had
serued, being in euery necessary action, as
forward as the resolutest men of them all.
Wherefore, in this behalfe, he may rightly be
called a true Pastor and Minister of God's
Word, which for the prolite of his flocke
spared not his own life."c
The pious faith of these brave discoverers,
and the source whence their strength for en
durance came, appears in further extracts such
as this, under date of August 20th, 1578 :
"Maister Wolfall on Winter's Fornace,
preached a godly sermon, which being ended,
he celebrated also a Communion upon the
land, at the partaking whereof was the Cap-
taine of the Anne Francis, and many other
Gentlemen and Souldiers, Mariners and Min
ers with him. The celebration of the cliuine
mystery was the first signe, seale, and con
firmation of Christ's name, death, and pas
sion, euer knowen in these quarters. The
said Mr. Wolfall made sermons, and celebrat
ed the Communion at sundry other times, in
seuerall and sundry ships, because the whole
company could neuer meet together in any
one place. "d
The same year Sir Humphrey Gilbert ob
tained his patent for discovery, which, as his
son Raleigh Gilbert was connected with our
" Popham " colony, stands in close relation
ship with that later movement we are about
to notice. This Patent conferred upon the
worthy Knight full power and authority over
the lands he should discover, and established
in the Colonies to be settled under his leader
ship " the true Christian faith or religion
now protested in the Church of England."e
In pursuance of these designs, after one un
successful attempt, Gilbert and his company
landed on the shores of Newfoundland on
Sunday, Aug. 4, 1583, and on the following
day took formal possession of the Island.
This done, the first of all the laws which he
enacted, enjoined that the services of religion
should be "in publique exercise according to
the Church of England.'/ Lost at sea in a
fearful storm on his return voyage, Gilbert
died as a Christian hero should die. Choos
ing the weakest vessel as his own, he was
last seen " sitting abaft with a booke in his
hand," and his last w ords were " we are as
neare to heaven by sea as by land." The sea
swallowed him up ; but his faith and his ex
ample were the encouragements of those who
a few years later settled on the coast of
Maine.
The close connection of the English Church
with these early efforts for maritime discov
ery and colonization, is seen in the aid given
by the Rev. Richard Hakluyt, the excellent
prebendary of Westminster, in the early expe
ditions following Gosnold's return in 1602.
The expedition of Martin Pring in 1603, was
undertaken by the chief merchants and inhab
itants of Bristol, mainly at the solicitation
aud through the influence of this noble old
Churchman, whose name is not only insepa-
bly connected with the efforts for settlement,
but is also illustrious for the pious care with
which he has preserved for posterity the
quaint narratives of the old voyagers Hak
luyt had earlier incited Raleigh to the work
to which this nobleman afterwards gave so
many of his best years, on the ground that
"no greater monument could he raise, no
brighter name could he leave to future gene
rations, than the evidence that he had there
in sought to restrain the fierceness of the
barbarian, and enlighten his darkened mind
to the knowledge of the true God."<? And
now that Raleigh's efforts to the Southward
had failed of permanence, though there had
been gained at Raleigh's colony at Roanoke,
in 1587, the baptism into the English Church
of the first aboriginal convert to Christiani
ty,* Hakluyt sought in other quarters to en
courage that spirit of adventure and coloniza
tion which should result in the gain of lands
and nations to the service of Christ and His
Church.^
The expedition which Richard Hakluyt had
aided in sending to the Northeast coast of
America in 1603, was followed by another al
so dispatched from Bristol under the com
mand of George Weymouth, in 1605, fitted
out by Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southamp
ton, the friend and patron of Shakspeare, and
Thomas, Lord Arundel,i who had earlier been
concerned in Gosnold's expedition. We have
no certain knowledge that this expedition
was accompanied by a chaplain, other than
the fact that voyagers rarely went on such
undertakings without the presence of a cler
gyman, and the inference we may draw from
Rosier's own words in his account of the voy
age, where he says they had two of the In
dians "in presence at service, who behaved
themselves very civilly, neither laughing nor
talking all the time."/ This whole acconnt,
to quote the fitting language of Anderson,^
" bears evident marks of having been written
by one who, whilst he recorded fresh discov
eries and opportunities of extending tempo
ral dominion, sought thereby to enlarge the
borders of Christ's spiritual kingdom." An
instance of this we may cite where the true
objects of the expedition are announced
" We supposing not a little present profit,
but a public good and true zeal of promulgat
ing God's holy Church by planting Christiani
ty, to be the sole interest of the honorable
setters forth of this discovery,"Z &c.
It was on the receipt of the cheering intel
ligence gained by these voyages, that there
appeared the first Letters Patent granted by
King James I. for the plantation of Virginia.
These letters Patent bear date April 10, 1606.
The whole territory assigned by this instru
ment was that portion of the American Con
tinent lying between the 34th and 45th de
grees of latitude and the islands adjacent to
it within an hundred miles of the coast. This
vast grant was divided into two parts ; the
first, that to the Southward, between the 34th
and 41st degree of North latitude, being as
signed to Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George
Somers, Rev. Richard Hakluyt, and others,
and the remainder, to the Northward, after
wards named, by Prince Charles, New Eng
land, was granted to Thomas Hanham, Ral
eigh Gilbert, William Parker, George Pop-
ham, and others, of the towns of Plymouth,
Bristol, and Exeter. The religious character
of those who sought these > grants is apparent
from the professed object of their efforts for
Colonization as set forth in the Patent itself,
where it is expressly stated that the desire of
the Patentees was granted by the King that
" So noble a worke may by tl*e Providence
of Almighty God hereafter tend to the glo-
rie of his Divine Majesty, in propagating of
Christian religion to such people as yet live in
darkness and miserable ignorance of the true
knowledge and worship of God, and may in
time bring the infidels and savages (living in
those parts) to human civility and to a set
tled and quiet government."m
An ordinance under the sign-manual of the
King, and the Privy Seal, explanatory of
these Letters Patent, and passed Nov. 20,
1606, before any expedition under either of
these grants had sailed, further provides,
" That the said presidents, councils, and
the ministers, should provide that the Word
and service of God be preached, planted, and
used, not only in the said colonies, but also,
as much as might be, among them, according
to the rites and doctrine of the Church of
England."?!
Under this Eoyal Patent the first expedi
tion to Virginia sailed Dec. 19, 160G, and
landed at Jamestown, May 13, 1607. This
colony had for its chaplain the saintly Robert
Hunt, an English clergyman chosen for this
holy work by the celebrated Hakluyt, with
the concurrence of Archbishop Bancroft, the
Primate of All England. Of his pious labors,
and of the godly men who followed him,
Bucke, Whittaker, and Copeland, and others
like them, devoted Presbyters of the English
Church, we have not time to speak. They
labored not alone for the white colonists, but
for the aborigines. Their efforts were not
unsuccessful, and their record is on high.
A little later the same year, May 31, 1607,
the expeditions of the preceding year hav
ing proved unsuccessful the first colony to
the Northern Virginia, or, as it was after
wards called, New England, set sail from
Plymouth under the patronage of Sir John
Popham, Lord Chief Justice of England, and
Sir Ferdinando Gorges. This expedition, as
was the case with that to the Chesapeake,
had its chaplain. It is but recently that his
name has been discovered. That honored
name is Richard Seymour. An ingenious
conjecture, very plausibly supported, has
been lately advanced by one of our most ex
act and well-informed historical investigat
ors, that this clergyman was connected with
the Ducal house of Somerset, the family name
of which house being the same as that of our
first New England missionary clergyman, and
that he was possibly a younger son of the first
Duke, who was himself but a few years after
wards a Patentee in the company which suc
ceeded that of which we have been speak-
ing.o Be this as it may, that Richard Sey
mour was a Presbyter.of the English Church,
has bean acknowledged by our most pains
taking and accurate historical writers,^ and
the language of Strachcy, the historian of the
expedition, in which the services of the Church
and the Public Prayers themselves, are re
ferred to in language no Puritan would ever
have employed, is conclusive on this point.
This colony, brought to our coast in a fly-
boat called the Gift of God, under Popham's
command, and the good ship Mary and John,
of London, of which Raleigh Gilbert, son of
Sir Humphrey, was the Captain, came in Aug.
7, to an island where " they found a crosse
set up, one of the same which Captain George
Weyman, in his discovery, for all after occa
sions, left,"? and on " Sonday, the chief of
both the shipps, with the greatest part of all
the company, landed on the island where the
crosse stood, which they called St. George's
Island, and heard a sermon delivered unto
them by Mr. Seymour, his preacher, and soe
returned aboured againe." Having chosen a
fitting place for their settlement, near the
month of the river, on the 19th of August,
1707, as Strachey informs us,
" They all went ashoare where they had
made choise of their plantation, and where
they had a sermon delivered unto them by
their preacher; and after the sermon, the
president's commission was read, with the
lawes to be observed and kept.
George Popham, gent., was nominated pres
ident ;
Captain Raleigh Gilbert,
James Davies,
Richard Seymer, preacher,
Captain Richard Davies,
Captain Harlow, . . .
were all sworn assistants ; and soe they re
turned back againe.'V
Mindful of their professed designs for the
instruction of the Indians, after several ex
plorations, in which, though under much,
provocation, they abstained from firing their
guns at the crafty natives, they sought to
bring them to their humble church, and there
acquaint them with the worship of the Eng
lishman's God. Under date of Oct. 4th, the
narrative thus details one of these efforts :
" There came two canoes to the fort, in
which were Nahanada and his wife, and Skid-
wares, and the Basshabaes brother, and one
other called Amenquin, a Sagamo; all of
whome the president feasted and entertayned
with all kindness, both that day and the next,
which being Sondaye, the president carried
them with him to the place of publike prayers,
which they were at both morning and even
ing, attending yt with great reverence and si
lence, "s
Thus cultivating amity with the natives,
and thus mTndful of their God and Church,
this little colony proceeded to establish them
selves upon our soil. Their success is thus
summed up by their careful historian :
"They fully finished the fort, trencht, and
fortefied yt with twelve pieces of ordnance,
and built fifty houses therein, besides a church
and a storehouse ; and the carpenters framed
a pretty Pynnace of about some thirty tonne,
which they called the Virginia; the chief
ship- wright being one Digby of London.'^
The death of Popham on the 5th of Feb.
1608, and the loss of their storehouse and
many of their buildings by fire, the severity
of the weather, noticed as extraordinary even
in Europe, and the necessity arising for the
return to England of Gilbert in consequence of
the decease of his brother there, caused the
re-embarkation 01 the colonists at Fort St.
George and the disappointment of the plans
of Gorges and his fellow adventurers. But
they still persevered, and after years of efforts
and small returns it was reserved for the tyr
annous hand of Massachusetts to crush out the
independence and existence of the Episcopal
province of Maine.
And now the question arises, not indeed
from Episcopalians but from others, how do
we know that the use of the Common Prayer
prefaced the sermon given on that memorable
Aug. 19, 1607, thus giving it claim to the hon
or of having been the first form of worship in
the English tongue sounded on the crisp air
of New England ? The subsequent language
of Strachey, where he refers to the " morn
ing and evening "and "public prayers," is
certainly conclusive, when we remember that
the use of the Book of Common Prayer was
then obligatory by the terms of the very Pa
tent under which these men had sailed. The
nature of the service in which they were en
gaged confirms this statement. It was the
public induction into office of the magistrates
of the new plantation, and the statute law of
England then, as was the case for many sub
sequent years, required the reception of the
sacrament from the hands of a clergyman of
the Established Church, either at the time or
immediately after such formal institution.
This was the case in the sister colony of Vir
ginia, where, on June 21st, of this same year,
the day after the members of the Council had
been fully sworn in and the organization of the
government happily accomplished, the Holy
Sacrament was duly celebrated for the first
time within the limits of the United States.w
That a similar observance marked these in
augural rites on our Northern coast, it is
hardly possible to doubt, and the fact that
special mention is not made of it by Strac-
key, who received his knowledge of the for
tunes of the Sagadahoc Colony at second
hand, and who has condensed his account of
their proceedings into the briefest possible
space, is easily explained on the ground that
such a procedure was the ordinary rule, and
that only the exception would be likely to re
ceive direct notice. Surely to convince us
that the Episcopal liturgy was used in con
nection with this sermon, it were "enough to
cite, in addition to the positive injunction of
the Patent, the "laws of uniformity" and
" canons ecclesiastical " of England then en
forced by the court of High Commission.
The disuse of this service would have perilled
the very existence of the company, had they
desired it ; while the fact that they sent out
in every subsequent case none but clergymen
well affected towards the Church of England,
proves that no such wish was ever entertained
by them. The connection of the principal
men of the colony with England's highest no
blemen as well .as with her Christian worth
ies of an earlier day, goes to confirm the fact
of the Episcopal character of both preacher
and people ; and Popham's brother and Ral
eigh's nephew and Gilbert's son would hardly
be found linked in with the determined "sep
aratists " from the English Church at so ear
ly a date as this. In fact the " separation "
from the Church of England had not as yet
begun, for if we may credit Neal, the first ac
tual instance of " Independency " or " Con
gregationalism " in England was not till the
year 1016, when Henry Jacob gathered his
" Church" and openly separated from the Es-
tablishment.w
And now, to sum up all this matter, in the
the language of one, the weight of whose au
thority has secured these words of his a place
in the Historical Collections of Maine, these
facts are established : "That the first religious
services of which any knowledge has been
preserved, as having taken place in New Eng
land,^ were performed by the chaplain of this
colony ; that these services were held in ac
cordance with the ritual of the Church of
England, that the minister who celebrated
this worship and preached these sermons was
a clergyman of that Church, deriving his au
thority for his sacred office from ordination
by the hands of a Bishop of the same Church ;
and that these acts were performed at first
on an island, and in the open air, -and after
wards continuously in a church near the Ken-
nebec river, on the West side of one of the
peninsulas' of the coast, in the year 1607,
thirteen years before the landing of the colony
on Plymouth Rock, and some time before the
Puritans left England to reside for a season
in Holland. "y
The celebration of this interesting event,
the first real occupation and settlement of
New England, from which the title of Eng
land to a most important share of the north
ern coast of America dates, would have been
confessedly imperfect, and certainly un
worthy of the high and holy faith of the ad
venturers whom it would commemorate,
without suitable religious services. It was
but just these services should reproduce the
words of prayer and praise first echoed on
the still air of New England in August, 1607.
These very words, made use of 255 years
ago by Richard Seymour, Presbyter of the
Church of England, are still preserved. Pop-
ham's colony bore to our shores the revised
Prayer Book of the reign of James I. Its
words, with but few modifications and chang
es, are heard Sunday after Sunday in every
Episcopal church, whether of the English or
American Communion, all over the world.
The old words themselves, identical, unchanged,
are accessible both in the few copies of the
original edition of 1604 in our public libraries,
and in the reprint issued by Mr. Wm. Picker
ing of London, a few years since.
It is but just to mention in this connection
the attempt of the author of "Ancient Pema-
quid," to make out a charge of /'Puritanism"
against Seymour and his fellow colonists at
Fort St. George in consequence of the title
"Preacher" appended to Seymour's name, and"
the mention of the fact that a "Sermon" was
delivered on the occasion of the landing, in
Strachey's narrative.
"One incident in Strachey's narrative must
Hot be passed without notice. On the only
two occasions of special religious celebration
the first Sunday, and the organization of the
Government, 'they heard a sermon delivered
unto them by their preacher, Mr. Kichard
Seymour.' Thus 'Puritanism' tinctured New
England history at the start ; the preacher and
the sermon, already detested in England,were
happily inaugurated on New England soil, the
chiefest feature in her future policy and his
tory, her very life."r
In this* as in the quiet ignoring of the ser
mons and services of the Episcopal Clergy at
the time of the War of Independence so ap
parent in the same writer's "Pulpit of the
American Eevolution," the author of "Ancient
Pemaquid" has suffered his admiration of the
politics and principles of the Plymouth and
Massachusetts-Bay settlers to lead him to a
disingenuous statement. The words "Preach
er" and "Sermon," the only proofs of Puritan
ism he adduces in support of his assertion,
will be found to have another history and to
have been any thing but " detested" by the
English Church, if her recorded formularies
and documents are to be believed. In the
" injunctions" of King Edward VI. A. D. 1547,
the whole body of the English Clergy of the
Establishment is spoken of as "Preachers."aa
it was one of the "Items" of Queen Elizabeth's
Injunctions in the year 1589, "That no man
shall willingly let or disturb the Preacher ;"bb
and later in her reign (13 Anno Eliz.) the
word is used again, e : g : "The age of a Min
ister or Preacher," "special gift or ability to
be a Preacher," "He shall then be [a Bache-
leur of Divinity or Preacher lawfully allowed
by some Bishop of the Eealm or by one of
the Universities, &c." In the "Articles for
Doctrine and Preaching" Anno,1564, the word
is used as synonomous with "Parson," "Item
If any Preacher or Parson, Vicar or Curate,"
&c.cc In the same Convocation, in which sub
scription to the XXXIX Articles was imposed
upon the Clergy of the English Church it was
enjoined, " in the first place let preachers
take care that they never teach anything, &c.
except what is agreeable to the doctrine of
the Old and New Testament," &c.dd And so I
might proceed, citing page after page of au
thorities, dating*from the record of that fa
mous Preacher and Biskop, Hugh Latimer,
whose sermon at^Paul's Cross has become an
historic epoch in the History of England's
reformation, to the very year when a preacher
and his sermon is referred to in Strachey's
History of our Northern Virginia Colony and
to the date but three years later, when "true
preachers" and "every Sunday sermons twice
a day, and every Thursday a sermon'W are
recorded in the paragraph of Purchas telling
of the " Establishment " of that rank "High
Churchman," De la Warr, in the Southern
Virginia, whose church with its "Chancel of
Cedar," and -'Font," "trimmed up with divers
flowers," savors of any thing but Puritanism.
Surely a charge so feebly supported as this,
should be withdrawn, and the fact that " ser
mons" and "preachers" were not "detested '
by England's Church and England's Colonies,
should be allowed. No one familiar either
with the narratives of the old voyagers or the
common language of the Theological writers
of the age could have made so loose a state
ment. At least till proof, rather than mere as
sertion, to the contrary is furnished, we shal-
claim Seymour, England's first Protestant
minister and missionary on our Northern
coasts, as a Presbyter of the Anglican Com
munion.
Hakluyt iii. 74, quoted in Prot. Epis. Hist. Collec
tions ii. 244.
b Ibid. Quoted in Anderson's History of the Colo*
nial Church, 1.81.
c Anderson's Colonial Church, i. 81, 82.
d Ibid, 82.
e Ibid, 48, Hazard's State Papers. 1. 24. The early
charters as contained in Hazard, and elsewhere, are
full of proof of this design of christianizing the Indians
/ Anderson, i. 53; Palfrey's Hist, of New England
i. 68.
g In a Latin Epistle Dedicatory to Peter Martyr's
Hist, of the New World.
h Vide Anderson, 1. 75, or Bancroft's Account of
Early settlements in the first Volume of his History.
Hakluyt's efforts for colonization are fully detailed
in Anderson, 1. 150-162, and are noticed in William
son Hist, of Maine, i. 185.
3 Strachey's Hist, of Travaill, 153 ; Williamson, i. 191.
k Ballard's Episcopal Church in Maine, in Hist. Col
lections, vi. 165.
I Colonial Chnrch, i. 162.
m Palfrey's New England, i. 76, note.
n Anderson, i. 165.
o Stith's Virginia, 37 ; Chalmer's Political Annals^
16; Anderson, i. 166.
p Vide a deeply interesting article in the " Church
Monthly," i. 56, written by the Rev. W. S. Bartlett.
g For instance Willis in Maine Hist. Coll. v. 351;
Anderson, i. 350; Williamson, and others.
r Strachey in Maine Hist. Coll. iii. 296, 297.
8 Strachey in Maine Hist. Coll. iii. 301.
t Ibid. 307.
tt Ibid, 308.
v Anderson, i. 174, 17.
w Such as the Rev. William Morrell, the Rev. Rich
ard Gibson, and the Rev. Robert Jordan, all pioneers
of the English Church in America.
x History of the Puritans, Part ii. chapter 2.
y Ballard, in Maine Hist. Coll. vi. 177, 178.
z i. e. as afterwards known in the Map of Capt. John
Smith.
aa Me. Hist. Col. V. 150,
66 Sparrow's Collection of Articles, &c. p.8.
cc Sparrow's Collection.
dd Sparrow's Collection.
ee Canon. Eccles, Angl.XIX. A. D. 1571.
// Purchas, quoted in Anderson's Col. ch. I. 216, 217
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