Construction of substructure of Mayfair pumping station, City of Chicago

CONSTRUCTION OP SUBSTRUCTURE
AAYFAIR FUAFING STATION. CHICAGO.

d. T. LUCA.5

ARAOUK INSTITUTE:; OF TECHNOLOGY

19 17

628.1
L96

o

UNP./ERS>XV ufeRaRiES

AT 4 59

Lucas, J. T.

Construction of substructure
of Mayfair pumping station,

Digitized by tine Internet Arcinive

in 2009 witii funding from

CARLI: Consortium of Academic and Researcii Libraries in Illinois

http://www.archive.org/details/constructionofsuOOIuca

Construction of Substructure

OF Mayfair Pumping Station

City of Chicago

A THESIS

PRESENTED BY

John Thomas Lucas

TO THE

PRESIDENT AND FACULTY

OF

ARMOUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FOR THE DECREE OF

CIVIL ENGINEER

MAY 31, 1917

APPROVED:

ILLINOIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
PAUL V.GALVIN LIBRARY
35 WEST 33RD STREET
CKJCAGG. IL 60616

Dean of Engineenng Studies

Dean of Culnir&I Studies

INDEX >

GENERAL DESCRIPTION. Page 1.
CONSTRUCTION.
(A). EXCAVATION.

(1). General Excaration. Page 5.

(2). Trench " Page ©.

(3). Caisson " Page 13.

(4), Core " Page 15.
(B). CONCRETE,

(1), Coal ReceiTing Room. Page 17.

(2). Mixing Plant. Page 19.

(3). Boiler Room. Page 21,

(4), Pump Room. Pag® 23.

(5). Chimney Foundation. Page 25.

(C). PLANT EQUIPMENT. Page 26.

ORGANIZATION AND COSTS. Page 29,

27184

1.

The Wilson Avenue Tunnel system, the
construction of which was commenced, in August,
1913, extends from the intake crib in Lake
Michigan ahout 16,250' east of the shore shaft,
located at Wilson and Clarendon Avenues, to the
new Mayfair Pumping Station at Wilson and N,
Lamon Avenues. This station, when completed,
will supply the extreme northwest part of the
city of Chicago and its adjacent suburbs with
water luider standard pressure, and imder high
pressure for high level territory.

GEMERAL DESCRIPTION.
The building fronts south on Wilson
Avenue with a pump room 236' x 60', the floor
being at elev, - 7,15' or 38.65' below street
grade. At the entrance to station, in the cent-
er of south front, there is an office section
one story in height, 50 ' x 31 ' , The boiler room,
239' X 54'- 3", lies north of the pump room;
its basement level is at elev, + 13,92' or 17,
58' below grade, and the main floor at elev,
+ 28,84'. A coal receiving room, 72'- 9" x 70'-

2.

9" is located north of the boiler room with an
18' driveway between these two sections of the
station,

A side track, turning south from the
C,M,& St.P.Ry,, carries coal cars into the rec-
eiving room over three receiving hoppers. The
coal can be unloaded directly into the hoppers
through bottom dump cars, or by means of a grab
bucket from an overhead traveling crane; or the
coal can be stored in bins on both sides of the
track hoppers, Plate No, 1, shows a general lay-
out of the station.

The coal after passing through a crush-
er under the hoppers is carried south on an ap-
ron conveyor to the main bucket conveyor, run-
ning east and west in the boiler room four feet
north of the boiler fronts. This conveyor sup-
plies a set of enclosed bunkers 175 '-6" long,
which have a capacity of 1,000 tons. Spouts feed
the coal from the bottom of the bunkers, 22* a-
bove boiler room floor, to each stoker.

The boilers, fronting north, supply

3.

Steam at 175 lbs. pressure through a dou'ble
header system to the seven pumping engines.
They consist of a hattery of 6 - 4 pass Edge-
n-ioor water tuhe hollers equipped with Taylor
stokers, and have a rating of 500 H.P, each.

The smoke hreeching is suspended from
the main floor, and enters the central stack
from the east and west. The stack is 184 '-J?"
high ahove boiler room floor, the inside diam-
eter being S^O" at top and 14 •- 5" at base, and
is supported by four 5*~ 0" caissons extending
to solid rock at elev, - 50,00*,

The water will be pumped by seven
pumping engines of a total capacity of 152,5
million gallons in 24 hours. The pumps are of
the triple expansion, crank and fly wheel type
with mechanically operated suction and discharge
valves of Riedler design. The steam ends of both
high and standard pressure pumps are alike, but
the water ends of the three west pumps are small-
er. The three west pumps will each deliver 17,5
million gallons per day against a 200* head.

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4.

and the foxa* east pumps will each deliver 25
million gallons per day against a 140* head.

Each pump has two suction nozzles ex-
tending south and then down into a common suc-
tion tunnel, the flowline of which is 20*- 10"
heneath pump room floor. All the water entering
the pumps passes around the tubes of a siu'face
condenser, and is discharged through four pipes
from each pump into the station mains.

There are two discharge mains for the
140' head, one north and one south of the pumps
at elev, + 4.00', extending the full length of
the station and leaving at the west. They are
supported by a series of piers adjacent to the
north and south walls of pump room. The two high
pressure lines start at about the center of the
building, and are supported by saddles on the
pipe, leaving also at the west,

Iramediatedly west of the station are
two pipe vaults in which the pipes rise to street
grade, and change direction to confona with r:en-
eral layout of the water pipe systeci in street.

Plate No. 2. Indicates the general arrangement

of station,

CONSTBUCTION.

Constrviction work on foundations was
conrrienced on Septemljer 16, 1915.
(A). EXCAVATION.

As a preliminary step on the arrival
of forces on the ground in April, 1914, at which
date work on the Mayfair shaft of the ?;ilson
Avenue tunnel was started, a network of farm
tile was laid over the entire area of the pro-
posed station, and connected with the sewer of
adjoining territory. This served to remove all
surface water, and when ground was broken in
the following year the upper strata was compar-
atively free from moisture,
(1). gENSRAL EXCAVATION.

The general excavation consisted in
removing the upper nineteen feet of earth from
the huilding site by the open cut method. Start-
ing at east end of pump room with a 3/4 yard Os-
good steam shovel, a strip 30 feet in width was

opened. The shovel moyed westward on a downward
slope for a distance of 100 feet, until it reached
bottom of pit at elev. + 12,75', the level of
suh-soil for "boiler room hasement floor. This in-
cline was covered with a single layer of 2" plank-
ing to afford easy passage for the diaup wagons and
teams passing over it to receive the excavated
material. The shovel itself was provided with
four timber floats, each about 8'- 0" long, 4*- 0"
wide, and 3" in thickness. These floats v/ere con-
structed of 3" X 10" pieces of oak bound together
and the edges and sides reinforced with angle irons
and steel plates. As the shovel traveled forward,
its path was laid in advance, the rear float
being swung to the front by fastening the attach-
ed chains of float to dipper stick of shovel.
The dump wagons, of two yard capacity each, mov-
ing down runway into pit, were loaded with spoil
and hauled to siu'face, assisted by an auxiliary
snatch team of three horses. In like manner the
coal receiving room and entire east half of boiler
room, and pump room were stripped of the top

7.

layers of soil.

At this stage a more permanent run-
way in the form of a timher trestle was con-
structed at the east end of toiler room, and
the earth incline removed. The runway was ahout
25 feet in width, to provide clear passage for
two wagons. On the south side a narrow guage
track was laid. At the top in center of track
was inserted a 24" pulley, over which was run
a 3/4" wire cahle to electric hoist on surface.
Attached to the other end of cable was a small
four wheeled truck operating on track, and serv-
ing to boost loaded wagons up the incline. The
truck replaced the snatch team previously used
for the work.

In laying out work for excavation, an
additional strip of ten feet outside actual lines
of building footings was included to act as berm,
and prevent the loose ground from sloughing off,
and falling into wall trenches alongside. The
banks were not braced except in a few instances,
in which shoring was provided to hold up temper-

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8.

ary 'buildings on top at edge of pit. Care was
taken throughout to keep the bottom of pit at
same elevation, to insure against water accum-
ulating in pockets. To remove drainage, steam
lines were used to bring water to a central steam
driven pump, ?rhich raised it to the level of sur-
face lines leading to surrounding sewer,

A periodical progress record was kept
of work accomplished by steam shovel, as is shown
by Plate No, 3. The contract for disposing of
spoil was assigned on the basis of loose yaz^dage,
measured in wagons. As a means of check, the per-
centage of swell was computed semi- monthly by
measuring the yardage in place excavated and pro-
portioning it to the corresponding loose yard-
age.

The accompanying photograph No, 1,
shows the work in its preliminary stages. In
the foreground to the right may be seen the tres-
tle leading from headhouse over shaft and rock re-
moved from the tunnel drift. Some difficulty was
encountered in excavating coal receiving room

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9.

and northwest section of boiler room due to prox-
imity of rock pile, and extreme precautions were
taken to secure ground showing any signs of crack-
ing.

This completed the first step by the
open cut method of excavation from elev.+ 31,5'
to elev,+ 12,75 ♦, a depth of 18*- 9",
(2). TRENCH EXCAVATION.

Iraraediatedly after the general excav-
ation had been finished by open cut, work was
started on the trench excavation for the wall
footings of building, beginning in the coal re-
ceiving room and following in the wake of the
shovel. In the coal receivins room the depth of
footings below grade of pit was 7*- T". These
trenches were opened by hand digging and the
sides lined ^dth 3" lagging, held in place by
6" X S" waling pieces and 6* x 6* struts. The
soil encountered was very firm and free from
moisture, and in no instance was it necessary
to drive any lagging in advance.

In the boiler room the footing trenches

10.

were 3'- 9" "below pit level, necessitating only
the ordinary precautions taken in shoring shallow
trenches.

The excavated soil was disposed of as
in the open cut method by shoveling on dump wag-
ons, and boosting them up incline with truck.

In trench excavation for pump room a
problem of more intricate nature presented it-
self. The pump room, as previously described,
embraces an interior area of 236' x 60', and is
bounded by four reinforced concrete walls of the
counterfort type. The south, east and west walls
have a footing penetration to elev,- 13.00' or
25'- 9" below grade of pit, and in each case
the footings are 25' in width. The north wall
has a footing penetration to elev,- 10,15' or
23'- 2" below grade of pit, and a footing width
of 15 »- 0",

In the south, east and west wall trench-
es the first five foot cut was made by steam shov-
el, with exception of outer six feet, which was
left as a factor of safety against the banks

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caving in on shovel. In the north wall trench
it was foimd Impossible to operate the shovel
due to the narrowness of trench, and all mater-
ial was removed hy hand digging.

As practically the same methods were
employed in excavating all four trenches in pump
room, an explanation of the proceedure adopted
in digging south wall trench will suffice. Ac-
tual hand digging was not hegun until after se-
vere cold weather had set in, and to prevent the
frost from penetrating into exposed ground,, as
well as to facilitate construction, three eight
hour shifts were organized to carry on the work.

The steam shovel being of service no
longer for excavating, its dipper stick was re-
placed by a 30 foot boom, enabling it to be op-
erated as a derrick. A steel swinging derrick
was also placed in east end of pump room, the
shovel taking care of west end of building. Be-
ginning at grade of pit, the outer six feet of
earth in trench was removed by hand, and loaded
into skips of 2 yard capacity each. These skips

12.

were constructed of 3" oak and mounted with chains,
which could "be fastened to hoom of derrick. On
1)eing loaded with spoil they were lifted out of
trench and elevated to a dumping hopper in pit,
under which the wagons passed to receive the dis-
posal. As soon as a section had been excavated to
a depth of six feet, the sides were caught with S"
lagging secured with 8" x 10" wales and 8" x 8"
struts. The digging was carried on until an ad-
ditional six foot section was removed, and a sim-
ilar six foot set of lagging placed. In this mann-
er the excavation progressed in six foot drops,
until trench bottom at elev, - 13,00* was reached.
Throughout the digging it was found lumecessary
to drive any lagging, the ground being of a firm
textm*e and free from quick-sand and excessive
moisture. To remove any water accumulating from
underground sources or rainfall, steam siphons
were extended into trenches, and connected with
a steam driven pump on top. This kept the ground
in trenches dry and enabled the digging to be
prosecuted without interruption, Plate No, 4,

13.

shovs the typical tracing used in south wall

trench,

(3). CAISSOK EXCAVATION.

Referring to Plate No, 5, showing gen-
eral plan and section of south wall of pump room,
it will "be seen that the counterforts are centered
upon caissons. These caissons, which are of the
open well type, extend down past suction tunnel
and rest upon hard pan. The method employed in
excayating wells consists as follows. A tripod
and windlass arrangement was placed oTer each open-
ing at elcT,- 13.00', the level of bottom of wall
trench. The core was renored by hand digging in
fire foot sections, the sides of caisson being
well secured by fire foot sets of 3" maple lagg-
ing held in place by steel rings 2*- 6* apart.
In a few instances wet ground and soil resembling
quick-ssmd were encountered, making it necessary
to use shorter sets of lagging and also to tho-
roughly pack the Toids behind lagging with hay.
The ezcayated material was raised in buckets to
lerel of trench bottom by hand and emptied into

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skips, which were in turn elevated to siurface
by derrick and the contents dumped into receiv-
ing hopper. From this receptacle the spoil was
loaded into wagons and boosted up incline to
street grade. The digging for caissons was car-
ried on in three shifts, three men working in
each shaft. A daily progress of the work was
kept in graphical form, indicating the nature
of the ground encountered and other general in-
formation necessary in computing costs for ex-
cavation. A specimen of these charts is illus-
trated in Plate No, 6,

A somewhat different method was em-
ployed in excavating caissons imder chimney in
boiler room. The foundations for stack consist
of a 19*- 0" square slab of reinforced concrete
6'- 0" in thickness, resting upon four caissons
of 5*- 0" diameter penetrating to solid rock at
elev,- 50,00 ». The digging was started at level
of pit elev.+ 12,75* and was prosecuted in five
foot sections as in south wall caissons in pump
room. An electric hoist was installed about 25*

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15.

east of wells and connected by cable with spools
orer caisson openings. In this manner it was
possible to work two diagonally opposite wells
at the sane time, the spoil buckets being raised
to surface of pit by electric power instead of by
hand* Plate No« 7« shows diagram of stack caissons
and also soil borings taken in ricinity of work,
(4 ) . CORE EXCAVATION.

After four walls in pump room had been
constructed, there remained a core of earth 218'
long, 46' wide and 25'- 9" deep approximating
9200 cu, yards in Tolume. At this stage the steel
swinging derrick and 90 II, P, electric hoist were
raised to surface and installed at south east
comer of pump room, the mast of derrick rest-
ing on top of wall at elev, + 33,00', The steam
shovel was stripped of its boom and the dipper
stick put back in place, A double track system
of narrow guage connected by a switching device
was laid on surface of core at elev,+ 12,75',
and several flat-bottomed wooden dionp cars of
two yard capacity each brought into service. As

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the shovel cut into the ground it unloaded the
excavated material into cars on track alongside.
The loaded cars were switched to opposite track
and pushed hy hand to east end of pump room, at
which point the chains of car were caught ty
hook on fall lines of derrick and elevated to
surface. On top alongside east and south walls
was laid a timber platform on trestle "bents to
carry a track of similar guage to that in pit.
Over this track was run the loaded cars and the
spoil dumped through openings in platform as
hackfill hehind walls. Proceeding in this manner
the core was excavated in 12 » drops until level
of hottom of south wall footing was reached at
elev.- 13,00*. In order not to undermine north
wall footing, the "bottom of which is at elev.
- 10.15', a hank of ground ten feet in width
was left alongside , the surface being at same
elev,- 7.15* as top of footing. Between this bank
and edge of south wall footing a series of struts,
each consisting of twelve 10" x 10" timbers bound
together, was laid at intervals of 31*- 0" coming

17.

between proposed adjacent engine beds. The pur-
pose of these struts was to counteract any slid-
ing motion on the part of either south or north
walls. They were left in place until engine beds
had been concreted as well as pinnp roon floor
section between north ends of punp foundations
and north wall footing. Plate No, 8, shows anal-
ysis of proccediwe in core e2:cavation. This prac-
tically completed all excavation for foundations
of station,
(B). CONCRETE.— (1). COAL RECEIVING ROOM.

On the completion of trench excavation
in coal receiving room wort was immediatedly
started on the foundations. A temporary concreting
plant was installed about 100 feet directly north
of coal room site, being supplied with material
from cars switched from C.M.S: St, P. line and de-
livered on track alongside. The mixer consisted
of a chain belt machine of 3/4 yard capacity op-
erated by steam engine. The sand, gravel and ce-
ment were wheeled from material piles in barrows
up incline and deposited in mixing drum. The con-

18.

Crete was received from mixer in buggies and
wheeled to edge of foundation pit, A series of
chutes placed around pit received the concrete
and conducted it to place in foundations. The
structure was completed in three separate pours,
a 1:2:4 mixture heing used throughout. The foot-
ing constituted the first step, the trench lagg-
ing talcing the place of formwork. The second
and third pours consisted of the surrounding
walls and cross girders. Construction keys were
provided in footings and walls after first and
second pours, and extreme care was taken to se-
cure a good "bond of new concrete hy thoroughly
sweeping and washing the surface of old concrete
and covering it with a layer of grout of 1:2
proportions. In view of the fact that this work
was being done during the month of December, pre-
cautions were taken against the concrete freezing
by covering the forms with canvas after pour had
been made and placing salamanders alongside so
as to keep the frost out imtil set had taken
place. As an additional measure of safety the

10.

sand and gravel were heated I>y means of steam
lines tefore being placed in mixer. Plates No,
9, & 10, show sections of fonawork and details
of walls and girders in coal recelring room,
(2), MIXING PLANT.

A more permanent mixing plant was con-
structed at this stage to control entire building'
The coal receiving room, being divided by cross
girders into three separate compartments, offered
an excellent location for central plant. The two
north sections were separated by a dividing wall
of 6" X 6" timbers, and served as storage bins
for sand and gravel. The south section was cut
off from storage bins by a similar shield of 6"
X 6" timbers and subdivided into two hoppers,
the bottoms of which were built on an incline
of 3" X 8" planks. These hoppers for sand and
gravel respectively were fed from storage bins
by means of a grab bucket on Browning locomotive
traveling crane, operating on material track
alongside coal room. The coal bins, each of a
storage capacity of 400 cu. yds,, were supplied

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from material cars switched from main line of
C,M,& St,P,Ry. and unloaded by crane. On the
west side of bins was situated a cement shed of
a storage capacity of 9000bbls, of cement.

Beneath roadway slab and In direct
connection with sand and gravel hoppers was loc-
ated the mlslng plant, which consisted of the
same eq^ulpment as previously used In construc-
tion of coal room foundations. The mixer engine
however, was operated by steam supplied by 90
H.P, scotch marine boiler on top alongside ce-
ment house. A detailed layout of this concreting
plant Is shown In Plate No. 14. The hopper buck-
et which received sand and gravel through hopper
openings regulated by slides, had been previous-
ly gauged for a 1:2:4 mixture of concrete, and
the marks representing the proper volumes vis-
ibly placed on sides. By referring to these In-
dentations the operator was able to regulate the
flow of material for each batch. The corresponding
amoimt of cement was set aside in cement house
and delivered to bucket below through small grav-

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ity chute, on receiTing signal from operator.
The material, being properly proportioned, was
released from bucket through opening in bottom
and dumped into mixing drum. The water for each
batch was received from water barrel connected
with supply pipe, the proper quantity being de-
termined by gauge glass on side of barrel.

The central concreting tower was lo-
cated in center of roadway slab, the concrete
bucket moving through slab opening in 4" x 4"
guides fastened to sides of tower. This bucket
was fed from mixing drum by means of an apron
on mixer and hoisted to top of tower, 50 feet
above roadway slab, by electric hoist situated
alongside cement house. Two additional towers
of a proportional decrease in height were placed,
one in boiler room and one in pump room, support-
ing Ransome concrete chutes. The location of
these towers could be changed so as to control
any part of structure,
(3). BOILER ROOM.

The boiler room walls were constructed

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22.

in two pours, the footings forming the first
step and the neatwork section of walls the se-
cond. In concreting the footing the trench lagg-
ing served as fonnwork, a construction key being
provided to properly hond the wall sections to
footings. Moreover the concrete was carefully
scruhhed and covered with a 1:2 mixture of grout
after forms for walls had "been erected, and
shortly before second pour was made. For details
of walls and fornwork in boiler room see Plate
No, 11.

The north wall of boiler room was con-
creted before central concreting plant had been
installed, and the same methods were employed
in pouring as in constructing coal receiving
room foundations. The east and west exterior and
interior walls of boiler room were concreted by
means of the main plant then under operation.
Throughout a 1:2:4 mix was used for walls and
footings of this part of station. As the work
was being carried on in cold weather the same
precautions were taken against the concrete frcez-

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Ing as employed In pouring coal room walls,
(4). PUMP ROOM,

Immediatedly after the bottom of cais-
sons under south wall of pump room had heen
helled out, the lower sections, the sides of
which were unprotected by lagging, were concreted
so as to secure the ground. The upper sections
were poured at a later date when several wells
were ready, together with a four inch layer over
the entire bottom of wall trench to serve as a
bed for footing reinforcement. This facilitated
the laying of the heavy steel bars specified,
and kept the reinforcing comparatively free from
contact with any foreign matter, such as mud and
slime which otherwise might have accumulated in
trench bottoms due to the thawing of the frozen
ground together with the spring rains. In order
to guard against a hoi*izontal Joint in footing
in plane of reinforcing this four inch bed was
thoroughly cleaned and covered with a layer of
grout before next pour was started. This precau-
tion was taken in all cases where it was neces-

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sary for horizontal joints in structure. In view
of the fact that the wall section between coun-
terforts was designed as a continuous slah, all
vertical construction joints were made at the
quarter point in span, this "being theoretically
the point of zero bending moment. By a judicious
handling of the trench shoring, as illustrated
in Plate No, 13,, it was possible to bring pump
room wall sections to top, a distance of 40 feet,
without leaving any holes in structure for brac-
ing.

This method, although involving some
additional expense due to reshoring against
walls, justified itself by the results obtained.
No serious leaks were encountered in all four
walls of pump room, practically a water-proof
structure being secured which was the chief ob-
ject sought after in its construction. The form-
work for these walls was of a similar nature to
that employed in coal receiving room and boiler
room walls, sections of which are shown in Plate
Nos, 10 oL- 11, This work was done during the early

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25,

spring and part of the summer following. The pro-
portions of 1:2:4 were adhered to in pouring cais-
sons, footings and walls throughout this part of
structure. Plate No. 12, shows a section of south
wall of pump room. The same methods were followed
In constructing north, east and west walls as
prerlously explained.

This completed the concreting In en-
gine tofm until core of earth from eleT,4 12,75 t
to elcT,- 13,00* was removed. Work was then re-
sumed on the engine heds, each of the seven being
concreted In one pour, a 1:2:4 mix "being used.
The pump room floor, condenser piers, pipe piers
and other foundations of smaller volume were tak-
en In order until concrete work In this section
of building was entirely finished,
(5), CHIMNEY FOUNDATION.

As soon as stack caisson excaratlon
had been completed for two diagonally opposite
wells, the lower sections were concreted, and
work started on other two wells. The lower sec-
tions of these were poured together with upper

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26.

sections of first pair of caissons. The slab,
resting on caissons was constructed in one pour,
a 1:2:4 mix "being used throughout,
(C), PLANT EQUIPMENT.

In so far as possible in the course
of work on the pumping station, the policy a-
dopted was to employ machinery in the handling
of all materials, and to carry out the actual
construction on building,

A Browning locomotive crane of 15 ton
capacity served to handle all material cars re-
ceired from C,M,& St.P.Ry, alongside building
site. By means of a grab bucket all sand and
gravel were unloaded from cars into storage bins
in coal room foundations, and the material hopp-
ers supplied from storage bins in same fashion.
The grab bucket could be replaced by a hook and
chain, and thus enable the crane to act as a
derx*ick in lifting or moving heavy objects such
as structural steel, stone, granite and other
miscellaneous material. A second track was in-
stalled at a later date alongside east walls of

27,

boiler and pump rooms, which made it possible
for crane to operate in that Ticinlty and thus
control these sections of the station. As a typ-
ical instance of the adaptability of this machine,
the following case is cited.

After excavation had been completed
in pump room, the steel swinging derrick was
dismantled and elevated to surface by crane, at
which level it was then installed. The steam
shovel was raised in like manner from pit, a
lift of approximately 12 tons being made through
a vertical distance of nearly 50 feet. During
superstructure construction the crane was used
in erection as well as handling materials.

The uses of the steel swinging derrick
have been mentioned in previous description of
methods of excavation. On being no longer of
service in -pimp room pit, it was elevated to sur-
face and there employed in conjunction with the
locomotive crane.

The Osgood steam shovel was used prin-
cipally in straight open cut excavation, although

'>voiUj ntt3-.>.'

28.

it was also employed in the role of a derrick
in pioop room excavation the dipper stick heing
replaced by boom. After foundation excavation
had been completed its period of service was
ended, and it was raised to street grade from
pimxp room pit and moved to another construction
site.

Electric hoists of various ratings
were used to carry on construction work, A 90
H,P, machine was used continuously in conjunc-
tion with swinging derrick. Hoists of smaller
capacity were employed in excavating chimney
wells, and boosting dump wagons up runway from
pit, as described in article on open cut excav-
ation.

The steam supply for building was ob-
tained from 90H,P, scotch marine boiler, in-
stalled directly west of coal room site. The
concrete mixer engine received its steam supply
from this boiler as well as the drainage pumps
in boiler and pump rooms. Pipe lines were con-
nected to the main supply in thawing out frozen

•1 ;>..! ).} J -J

.11;. •-. ' .. .-..L i lii.; . .:ij .•

>': i. ;'>! \. •

A * ■ '■■■.'■.i ... yU 1.

20.

sand and. gravel and also to heat concreting ma-
terials in cold weather.

Directly north of coal room and east
of rock pile was located a plot of ground which
served for storage of materials, such as rein-
forcing steel, Ivanher for "bracing and formwork,
structural steel, hrick, stone and other huild-
ing products. Photograph No.l. shows view of
material yard,

ORGANIZATION AND COSTS,
Construction work on the suhstructure
of the Mayf air Pumping Station was prosecuted
on the day labor plan. All huilding material was
ordered either directly from joh site in small
assortments, or let out hy contract in large
lots through main office. Labor, skilled and
common, was obtained through civil service com-
mission, the men being certified to their places
of work when requisition was made from job by
engineer in charge. The wage rates were in ac-
cordance with the union scale and the working
hours from 8:00 A,M, to 4:30 P.M,

30,

The following system was adopted in
recording all charges and costs of work.

Each name on the payroll was repre-
sented "by a nimihered brass check. On reporting
for work the men received their checks at the
timekeeper's office, and on leaving returned
the checks to same office. No man was permitted
to work without a check, A man failing to re-
turn his check at the close of the day's work
was given time up to the last hour he was noted
in field "by timekeeper,

A daily list, called a check sheet,
was made, showing numbers of checks which had
been called for at tl^e beginning of the day's
work. On the first trip around job in morning
these numbers were located and checked off by
timekeeper on this sheet, A similar trip was
made In the afternoon and the same procedure
followed. The hours and rates of each employe
were entered on sheet opposite corresponding
number, and turned in to pajnroll clerk about
8:00 A,M, the following day.

31.

The distribution of time was also made
"by field timekeeper, who was constantly on the
outside and in contact with work. The time of
each man was charged against the proper class
and location of work on a field distribution
sheet. These charges were classified by symbols
in accordance with schedule as submitted on
Plates No, 15, 16 and 17, All special occurrences
as to the beginning and completion of work, etc,
were recorded, the sheet practically constitut-
ing a field diary. This sheet was delivered to
payroll clerk with check sheet.

The office distribution consisted in
bringing together all charges of same symbol,
from which the daily force account was made.
This sheet contained all charges properly class-
ified as well as unit costs of work and other
information bearing on the Job, A copy of each
daily force account was sent to main division
office together with a cost sheet at the end of
each period, of approximately two weeks in length,
which consisted of a general summary of all money

32.

expended for labor and material for the fore-
going period*

The personnel of orerhead organiza-
tion was as follows:

Engineer in charge*

General foreman, I

Junior engineer,

Rodman - instrumentman,

Rodman - draftsman.

Field time clerk.

Cost clerk.

Material clerk.

Payroll clerk.

Messenger,

The work was carried on under the su-
pervision of Mr, Henry W, Clausen, Engineer of
Water Works Construction, Mr, F,C, Martini is
the engineer in local charge of construction,
and the writer is first assistant to engineer
in charge.

33.

The following imit costs of work are
sulanltted,

EXCAVATION, ( Steam Shorel.)
General Excavation and Engine Room Core,

39,750 cu, yds, © $ ,35 per cu, yd,
EXCAVATION, ( Hand Digging,)
South, West and East Wall Trenches of Eng, Room,

9,000 cu, yds, § $1,70 per cu, yd.
North Wall Trench of Eng, Room,

2,882 cu, yds, § $1,50 per cu, yd.
Caissons under South Wall of Engine Room,

777 cu, yds, § $4,29 per cu, yd.
Caissons under Chimney of Boiler Room,

230 cu, yds, § $4,20 per cu, yd.
BRACING & LAGGING,
South, West and East Wall Trenches of Eng, Room,

9,000 cu, yds, § $1.22 per cu. yd.
North Wall Trench of Eng, Room,

2,882 cu. yds. © $1.21 per cu. yd.
Caissons under South Wall of Eng, Room.

777 cu. yds. § $1,99 per cu, yd.

34.

BRACING & LAGGING.
Caissons under Chimney of Boiler Room,

230 cu, yds, § $1,95 per cu, yd,
ELEVATING & HOISTING,
Core of Engine Room,

9,000 cu, yds, © $ ,46 per cu, yd.
South, West and East Wall Trenches of Eng, Room.

9,000 cu, yds, @ $ ,77 per cu, yd.
North Wall Trench of Eng, Room,

2,882 cu, yds, © $ ,81 per cu, yd.
DISPOSAL. ( Including Backfill.)
Wall Trenches of Eng. Boom,

11,882 cu. yds. © $ ,93 per cu. yd.
FORM^ORK.
Walls of Engine Room,

69,100 sq, ft, @ $ ,17 per sq. ft.
Walls of Boiler Room,

20,100 sq, ft, © $ ,17 per sq, ft.
Walls and Girders of Coal Receiving Room,

11,300 sq, ft, @ $ ,17 per sq. ft.
Engine Foundations,

9,570 sq. ft, § $ ,17 per sq, ft.

35,

CONCRETE, ( Mixing & Placing,)
Engine Room Walls,

5,360 cu, yds, @ $ ,75 per cu, yd.
Boiler Room Walls,

1,229 cu, yds, § $ ,75 per cu, yd.
Coal Receiving Room Walls and Girders,

569 cu, yds, © $ ,75 per cu, yd.

lyPEX OF DRAWINGS.

Plate No, 1, General Plan. Buildings and Pro-
perty.

Plate No. 2. Transverse Section of Pimping
Station.

Plate No. 3. Excavation Progress Chart.

Plate No. 4. Trench Bracing for Pump Room
Walls.

Plate No, 5, Caissons for South Wall of Pump
Room.

Plate No. 6. Progress Diagram for Caisson
Excavation.

Plate No. 7. Stack Foundations and Soil Bor-
ings.

Plate No. 8. Core Excavation in Pump Room.

Plate No. 9. Coal Receiving Room Details.

Plate No, 10. Coal Receiving Room Formwork.

Plate No. 11. Boiler Room Wall Details and
Fonmrork.

Plate No, 12, Pimip Room Wall Details.

Plate No,13. Method of Concreting Pump Room
Walls.

TNDEX OF DRAWINGS.

Plate No. 14, General Layout of Concreting

Plant.
Plate No, 15, General Key to Cost Schedule.
Plate No. 16, Numeral Schedule for Excavation.
Plate No. 17. Numeral Schedule for Concrete.

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INDEX OF PHOTOGRAPHS.

Photo No. 1. General View of Work in Prelim-
inary Stages,

Photo No. 2, North Boiler Room Wall,

Photo No, 3, Open Cut Excaration by Steam
ShoTel,

Photo No, 4, Trench Bracing for Pump Room
Walls.

Photo No. 5, General View of South and West
Engine Room Walls,

Photo No. 6, Coal ReceiTing Room,

Photo No, 7, Boiler Room,

Photo No, 8. Pump Room.

HOTO NO, 1,

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\

PHOTO NO, 2,

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mmi

PHOTO HO, 4,

TO NO. 5. T^i

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PHOTO NO, 6,

% 111

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PHOTO KO. S.