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BULLETIN
OF THE
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PSA rPURATL, HISTORY
wOLs. 1:- NO: 2
May 1887
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BOTANY OF THE STATE OF NEW
YORK BY CHARLES H. PECK STATE BOTANIST
PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM
Bulletin No. 1 has not yet been issued.
ALBANY
CHARLES VAN BENTHUYSEN & SONS
1887 ”
Lave) oe T. Pie
7 ns a \ wits
; pra? (
4 r ;
\
CAIN ERIN TS.
* Descriptions of new species of New York fungi-__--.--..---
Additions to the flora of the State of New York in 1883, with
mE GOUMOLVOUGHS 5 ot eb Lek see
Descriptions of New York species of fungi belonging to the
genera Paxillus, Cantharellus and Craterellus
Names of New York species of Pyrenomycetous fungi according
to the Saccardoan system of arrangement_.-.-_-...-
Descriptions of New York species of viscid Boleti
PAGE.
49
57
* The titles of the first four articles were enumerated in the Thirty-seventh Report on the State
Museum, but the articles were not printed. A revision of them is here given.
_. a
NEW SPECIES OF NEW YORK FUNGI,
Tricholoma infantilis,
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, even, minutely silky, moist
in wet weather, reddish-gray, the margin when young incurved
and whitish ; lamellae subdistant, plane or slightly ventricose, often
eroded on the edge, whitish ; stem short, equal or tapering upward,
hollow, slightly silky, colored like the pileus or a little paler; spores
broadly elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad,
often containing a shining nucleus.
Plant gregarious, pileus 4 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 1.5 in.
high, 1 to 2 lines thick.
Gravelly soil in fields. Sandlake. June.
This is a very small species belonging to the section SeRIcELLA and
related to Tricholoma ccelata, from which it is distinguished by its
different color and the absence of an umbilicus from the pileus.
This is sometimes papillate, and both it and the stem imbibe moist-
ure. The latter is fleshy-fibrous, and its cavity is very small. In
the larger specimens the margin of the pileus is often wavy, and the
edge of the lamellx eroded. 7rzcholoma Hebeloma, a closely allied
species, may be distinguished by its more conical pileus, slender
habit and smaller spores.
Clitocybe basidiosa.
Pileus rather thin, convex, then expanded and umbilicate or cen-
trally depressed, glabrous, hygrophanous, grayish-brown and striatu-
late on the margin when moist, dingy-white or grayish-white when
dry, flesh whitish ; lamellae arcuate or nearly plane, thick, distant,
adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish with a violaceous tint; stem
equal or slightly thickened above, glabrous, firm, whitish or pallid ;
spores subglobose, .00016 to .0002 in. long, basidia elongated, .0024
in. long, bearing spicules .0003 in. long.
Plant single or cespitose, 1 to 2 in, high, pileus 16 to 18 lines
broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Woods and swamps. Sandlake and East Berne. August.
6 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM. “
The numerous narrow and elongated basidia of this species are
suggestive of the specific name. The plant is also easily recognized
by the peculiar, pale, livid gray hue of the pileus, and the slight
violaceous tint of the lamelle. The pileus is rarely slightly umbo-
nate. When dry both it and the stem have a slight silky appearance.
The stem is usually solid, and slightly enlarged as it enters the
pileus. The species should be placed among the OrBirorMgEs, though
in some respects it approaches C. obbatus and C. Calathus. It also
has the aspect of Some species of Hygrophorus.
Collybia alcalinolens.
Pileus thin, subconical or convex, then expanded, slightly silky-
fibrillose, shining, hygrophanous, dark watery-brown when moist,
grayish-brown or cinereous when dry, flesh white; lamelle rather
broad, subdistant, adnate or emarginate with a decurrent tooth,
whitish ; stem equal, glabrous, slightly pruinose above, hollow,
shining, whitish ; spores broadly elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long,
.0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Plant gregarious, 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 8 to 18 lines broad, stem
1 to 3 lines thick.
Thin woods and bushy places. Sandlake. June and July.
This species has a peculiar odor resembling that of chloride of
lime. In this respect it is similar to some species of Mycena. The
plant is quite variable. The disk of the pileus is now elevated, now
depressed, sometimes darker than the rest, sometimes canescent with
short, grayish fibrils. The margin is quite thin and sometimes stri-
atulate when moist. Occasionally it surpasses the lamelle, which in
the expanded plant are often ventricose. The stem is sometimes
irregular or compressed. The species belongs to the section TE-
PHROPHAN®, and is apparently allied to A. daceratus.
Leptonia albinella.
Pileus submembranous, subconical or convex, subumbilicate, fur-
furaceous or minutely squamulose, hygrophanous, whitish and stri-
atulate on the margin when moist, white and shining when dry ;
lamelle narrow, close, adnexed, white, becoming incarnate ; stem
equal, hollow, glabrous or slightly pruinose, whitish ; spores angular,
.00045 to .0005 in. long, .0003 to .00035 in. broad.
Plant 1.5 to 2 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 line
thick.
Bushy places. Sandlake. July.
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. 7
Readily distinguished from its allies by its white color. Leptonia
assularum B. & C. differs in having an umbonate virgate pileus with
a dark center. Volanea delicatulus is a more slender, delicate plant
with a smoother pileus and not at all umbilicate.
Psilocybe castanella,
Pileus thin, at first convex or subconical, then expanded or slightly
depressed, glabrous, hygrophanous, chestnut-colored or umber-brown
and striatulate on the margin when moist, pale-alutaceous when dry,
flesh a little paler than the surface of the pileus ; lamelle close,
adnate or slightly rounded behind, at first pale-brown, then purplish-
brown; stem equal, flexuous, hollow or stuffed with a whitish pith,
slightly silky-fibrillose, brownish or subrufescent with a white myce-
lium at the base ; spores purplish-brown, .0003 to .00032 in. long,
.00016 to .0002 in. broad.
Plant gregarious er subcespitose, 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 4 to 8
lines broad, stem .5 to 1 line thick.
Rich grassy ground by roadsides. Sandlake. June.
The species appears to be closely allied to Agaricus squalens,
which may be distinguished by its lurid color, decurrent lamelle
and ferruginous-brown spores. Moreover its habitat is unlike that
of our plant. In very wet weather both the pileus and lamelle
sometimes have a watery-brown appearance, and then the striations
of the former sometimes extend to the disk, which is rarely slightly
umbonate. In drying, the moisture first disappears from the center
of the pileus. The young pileus is usually chestnut-colored, and its
margin and the stem are adorned with a few whitish fibrils.
Psilocybe fuscofulva.
Pileus thin, convex or subcampanulate, subumbonate, glabrous,
hygrophanous, dark watery-brown and striatulate on the margin
when moist, subochraceous when dry; lamelle rather broad, mod-
erately close, adnate, subventricose, purplish-brown ; stem slender,
flexuous, stuffed, slightly silky, reddish-brown; spores purplish-
brown, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00025 to .0003 in. broad.
Plant 1.5 to 2.5 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2
lines thick.
Among sphagnum. Karner. October.
The species is related to Agaricus alrobrunneus, but its smaller size
and differently colored lamellz will serve to distinguish it.
8 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
Dermocybe simulans.
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then expanded, at first grayish-viola-
ceous and silky-fibrillose, then pale-cinereous, often tinged with yellow
or brownish-yellow on the disk, flesh pale-violaceous or pale-cinereous ;
lamellz rather broad, subventricose, rounded behind, moderately
close, violaceous, becoming cinnamon-colored ; stem short, equal or
slightly thickened at the base, silky-fibrillose, shining, stuffed or
hollow, violaceous, becoming whitish or pallid ; spores subglobose
or broadly elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .00025 to .0003 in.
broad.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 6 to 18 lines broad, stem about 2
lines thick.
Woods. Sandlake. July.
The colors of this species are so similar to those of Jnoloma albo-
violacea that the plant might at first sight be mistaken for a small
form of that species, but its small size, thin pileus and short, hollow
stem afford distinguishing characters.
Telamonia gracilis.
Pileus thin, convex or campanulate, then expanded, umbonate,
floccose-fibrillose, hygrophanous, watery-brown or sordid-chestnut
when moist, whitened on the margin with grayish fibrils, subochra-
ceous or tawny-cinnamon when dry; lamelle thin, subdistant, be-
coming subventricose, ferruginous-brown, becoming cinnamon-colored ;
stem long, slender, flexuous, fibrillose and slightly floccose-sealy, with
a slight whitish evanescent annulus, colored like the pileus ; spores
elliptical, uninucleate, .0004 to .00045 in. long, .00025 to .0003 in.
broad.
Plant 2 to 4 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines
thick.
Among moss and sphagnum in marshes. Sandlake. August.
The umbo is small and sometimes acute, rarely obsolete. The dry
pileus varies much in color, it being tawny, cinnamon, subochraceous
or grayish-cervine. ‘The young lamelle also vary from ferruginous-
brown to reddish-umber and sometimes have a slight violaceous tint.
The species is apparently related to Telamonia flextpes and T. régida,
but the first is described as having the stem violaceous at the apex,
and the second as having the pileus glabrous, both of which charac-
ters are wanting in our plant.
Variety drevipes has the stem but 1 or 2 inches long. It occurs
on decaying wood.
ye)
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. Q
Hydrocybe przpallens.
Pileus fleshy, thin, subconical, then convex or expanded, glabrous,
hygrophanous, watery-brown or chestnut-colored when moist, pale-
ochraceous when dry, flesh yellowish-white ; lamellz close, lanceolate,
rounded behind or slightly emarginate, reddish-umber, becoming
tawny-cinnamon ; stem short, equal, subflexuous, fleshy-fibrous,
slightly silky, pallid or brownish; spores subelliptical, .0003 to
.0004 in. long, .00025 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 3 in. high, pileus 6 to 18 lines broad, stem 2 to 4 lines
thick.
Naked soil in woods. Sandlake. June.
The difference in the color of the moist pileus and the dry one is
quite decided. The change from the dark-chestnut color of the one
to the dingy-yellow or isabelline hue of the other is very noticeable
and suggestive of the specific name. The fibrils of the veil are
grayish-white, and the margin, which is at first incurved, is apt to
become wavy, irregular or reflexed in large specimens. In the
thinner specimens it is striatulate when moist. The lamelle are nar-
rowed toward the outer extremity and when young are of a peculiar
reddish-brown or dark-ferruginous hue. The stem is usually hollow,
but apparently from the erosion of insects. The species belongs to
the section FrRMIORES.
Hygrophorus minutulus.
Pileus thin, submembranous, convex or expanded, subumbilicate,
bright-red, viscid and distantly striatulate when moist, pale-red or
yellowish when dry; lamelle rather broad, subdistant, sometimes
ventricose, adnate or subsinuate and slightly decurrent, whitish,
tinged with red or yellow; stem short, slender, fragile, solid, viscid
when moist, yellowish; spores narrowly elliptical, .0004 in. long,
.0002 in. broad, borne on slender spicules which are .0002 to .0003
in. long.
Plant 6 to 10 lines high, pileus 3 to 5 lines broad, stem scarcely
half a line thick.
Grassy ground in pastures. Sandlake. July.
This is one of our smallest species of Hygrophorus. Its nearest
relative is H. aurantiacoluteus B. & C., from which the viscid pileus
and stem and less decurrent lamellae separate it. As the moisture
escapes from the fresh plant the pileus becomes paler and assumes a
slight silky appearance, but often the thoroughly dried specimens
10 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
resume the bright-red hue of the fresh plant. Often several basidia
grow from the same filament.
Russula albida.
Pileus thin, broadly convex, then expanded or depressed, gla-
brous, viscid when moist, white, sometimes slightly tinged with yel-
low, the spreading or erect margin at length slightly and narrowly
tuberculose-striate, flesh white ; lamelle adnate or subdecurrent,
moderately close, some of them forked near the stem, white, the
interspaces venose ; stem nearly equal, glabrous, stuffed or hollow,
white ; spores white, minutely rough, subglobose or broadly ellipti-
‘ul, .00035 in. long, .0003 in. broad ; taste mild or bitterish.
Plant 1 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 2.5 im. broad, stem 3 to 6 lines
thick.
Woods. Sandlake. July and August.
This Russula belongs to the section Fracimes. It may be distin-
guished from white forms of Ltussuda emetica by its adnate or slightly
decurrent lamellee and by its milder taste.
Russula uncialis.
Pileus thin, convex, then expanded or centrally depressed, viscid
when moist, glabrous or very minutely rivulose-granulose, red or
pinkish-red, the margin obscurely tuberculose-striate, flesh white ;
lamellee moderately close, narrowed toward the stem, at which a few
of them are sometimes forked, adnate or slightly emarginate, white,
the interspaces venose; stem equal, glabrous, stuffed or spongy
within, white or reddish; spores white, globose, rough, .0003 to
.00035 in. in diameter ; taste mild.
Plant 1 to 1.5 in. high, pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad, stem 2 to 4 lines.
thick.
Thin woods. Sandlake. June and July.
A small species, generally about 1 in. high, with the pileus about.
the same in breadth. Like the preceding species, to which it is
closely related, it belongs to the white-spored group of the section
FRAGILES, a group to which Europe contributes but a single mild
species. The color of the pileus is nearly uniform and generally a
pale-red or pinkish-red. The lamelle in the fresh plant are white,
but in the dried specimens they are pallid.
Hydnum albidum.
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex or nearly plane, subpruinose, white,
f
yh
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. pe!
flesh white; aculei white; stem short, solid, central or eccentric,
white ; spores subglobose, .00016 to .Q002 in. in diameter.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad, stem 3 to 5 lines
thick.
Ground in thin woods. Sandlake. June and July.
The species is closely allied to Hydnum repandum, with which it
appears to have been united by some authors, but its small size,
white color and smaller spores appear to me to make it worthy of
specific distinction. It is quite unlike Hydnum candidum. The
pileus is often irregular and lobed on the margin.
Clavaria divaricata,
Stem short, small, whitish, much branched ; branches widely
spreading, terete, even or slighty longitudinally wrinkled, more or
less curved, pale-ochraceous, the ultimate ones tapering outward and
terminating in one or more acute points ; spores .0004 to .0005 in.
long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Tufts 2 to 4 in. high, and nearly as broad.
Woods. Sandlake. August.
This is a rare species, and is remarkable for and easily distin-
guished by its divaricate branches which give to the plant a very
spreading, straggling aspect.
The following species were described in the Thirty-second Report
of the State Museum, but owing to the limited edition and the
incomplete manner (without plates) of the publication of that Report
it has been thought best to repeat these descriptions here.
Clitocybe subhirta.
Pileus at first convex, then expanded or slightly depressed, tomen-
tose-hairy and pale-yellow or buff, becoming subglabrous and whitish
with age, the margin incurved ; lamellz close, adnate or decurrent,
whitish or pale yellow ; stem subequal, stuffed or hollow, whitish ;
spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .0002 to .00025 in. long.
Plant 1 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 3 in. broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick.
Woods. Brewerton. September.
The species belougs to the section DisciroRMEs, and is near CZito-
cybe subalutacea, but distinct from it and all its other allies by the
hairy pileus. Sometimes the hairs are more conspicuous on the mar-
gin than on the disk.
14 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
Collybia cremoracea,
Pileus thin, submembranous, convex or campanulate, obtuse, dry,
slightly silky, dingy cream-colored, the margin sometimes wavy ;
lamellee broad, ventricose, emarginate, with a decurrent tooth,
whitish ; stem slender, equal, slightly silky, stuffed or hollow, pallid
or colored like the pileus; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical,
about .00025 in. long, .0002 in. broad.
Plant 1.5 to 2 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines
thick. 3
Thin woods. Gansevoort. August.
The species belongs to the section L&VIPEDEs.
Collybia hygrophoroides,
Plate 2. Figs. 23-26.
Pileus subconical, then convex or expanded, smooth, hygrophanous,
reddish or yellowish-red when moist, paler when dry; lamellee broad,
subdistant, rounded behind or deeply emarginate, eroded on the
edge, whitish; stem subequal, striate, stuffed or hollow, whitish ;
spores subelliptical, .0002 to .00025 in. long, .00016 in. broad.
Plant subceespitose, 2 to 3 inches high, pileus 1 to 1.5 inches broad,
stem 2 to 3 lines thick.
Decaying half-buried wood. Knowersville. May.
The young pileus resembles that of Hygrophorus conicus, both in
shape and in color. When dry it becomes pallid or subochraceous.
The species belongs to the section TEPHROPHAN 2.
Mycena luteopallens. ;
Pileus submembranous, convex, glabrous, striatulate on the margin
when moist, bright-yellow, paler when dry; lamelle subdistant,
slightly arcuate, yellow; stem equal or slightly tapering upward,
smooth, hollow, yellow, furnished at the base with yellow hairs and
fibrils.
Plant scattered or czespitose, about 2 in. high, pileus 3 to 6 lines
broad, stem about 1 line thick.
Among fallen leaves in woods. Adirondack mountains. August.
It resembles Hygrophorus parvulus in color, but it is readily dis-
tinguished from that species by its subcespitose mode of growth, its
proportionately longer and more slender stem and the yellow hairs at
its base.
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. 13
Inocybe eutheloides,
Pileus thin, broadly conical or campanulate, becoming nearly plane
with age, distinctly umbonate, silky-fibrillose, more or less rimose,
varying in color from grayish-cervine to chestnut-brown, the disk
sometimes squamulose, the flesh white ; lamellee moderately close,
rather broad, ventricose, narrowed or rounded behind, adnexed,
whitish, becoming ferruginous-brown, white and denticulate on the
edge ; stem equal, subflexuous, solid, fibrillose, whitish or pallid ;
spores even, uninucleate, subelliptical, .00085 to .00045 in. long,
.00025 to .0003 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines
thick.
Woods. Brewerton. September.
The species belongs to the section Rimosr. It agrees in many re-
spects with the description of Jnocybe eutheles, but differs in the char-
acter of the lamella, which are rather abruptly and strongly narrowed
behind and adnexed, not adnate. The spores are longer than in that
species and the plant is destitute of a farinaceous odor. The pileus
is sometimes scarcely rimose and it varies considerably in color. The
stem is decidedly paler than the pileus.
Inocybe infelix.
Pileus thin, subecampanulate, then convex or expanded, umbonate,
fibrillose-squamulose, umber-brown or grayish-brown, flesh white ;
lamelize close, rather broad, ventricose, emarginate, whitish, becoming
ferruginous-brown ; stem equal, solid, silky-fibrillose, whitish or pallid,
pruinose above ;_ Spores oblong, even, .00045 to .0006 in. long, .0002
to .00025 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines
thick.
Steriie or mossy ground. -Indian lake, Adirondack mountains.
August.
The species belongs to the section Lacrert. The pileus is more
lacerated in wet weather than in dry, and generally becomes paler
with age. A small form, variety Jrevipes, has the pileus 4 to 6
lines broad and but slightly umbonate, and the stem scarcely more
than half an inch long. Sometimes the stem is white above and
darker toward the base. The long narrow spores constitute a marked
feature of the species.
14 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
Myxacium amarum.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, often irregular, smooth, glu-
tinous, yellow, the disk often tinged with red, the margin whitish,
flesh white, taste very bitter ; lamellz close, rounded behind, whitish,
becoming ochraceous-cinnamon ; stem soft, viscid in wet weather,
solid, tapering upward, whitish, clothed with silky white fibrils;
spores elliptical, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Plant gregarious or subceespitose, 1 to 2 in. high, pileus about 1
in. broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick.
Under spruce and balsam trees. Adirondack mountains. August.
The very bitter taste is suggestive of the specific name. The stem
is scarcely viscid except in wet weather.
Russula compacta Frost MS.
‘Pileus white, firm, solid, cracked in age, sometimes tinged with
red or yellow or both in spots, turning up in age, seldom depressed ;
lamellee very white, almost free, not forked or dimidiate, becoming
brown when bruised or dry ; stem solid, white, even, smooth ; flesh
at first white, then brownish.”
Pileus fleshy, compact, convex or centrally depressed, whitish,
sometimes tinged with red or yellow, becoming reddish-alutaceous or
dingy-ochraceous with age, the margin thin, even, incurved when
young ; lamelle rather broad, subdistant, nearly free, some of them
forked, a few dimidiate, white, becoming brown with age or where
bruised ; stem short, equal, firm, solid, white, changing color like the
pileus ; spores subglobose, nearly even, .00035 in. in diameter.
Plant 2 to 4 in. high, pileus 3 to 5 in. broad, stem 8 to 12 lines
thick. |
Open woods. Sandlake and Brewerton. August and September.
The late Mr. C. C. Frost sent me specimens and manuscript descrip-
tions of a few species of fungi collected by him in Vermont. He gave
names to those which he considered new species, and it gives me
pleasure to adopt his names whenever it is rendered possible by the
discovery of the species within our limits. The plant here described
does not fully agree with his manuscript description, which I have
quoted, but it approaches so near an agreement that there cannot be
much doubt of the specific identity of the two plants. In our plant
the pileus is sometimes split on the margin. The change in the color
of the pileus and stem is nearly the same, but the lamelle sometimes
become darker than either. When drying, the specimens emit
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI, 15
a strong and very disagreeable odor. The species belongs to the sec-
tion Compact®.
Russula flavida Frost MS.
‘“Pileus fleshy, convex, slightly depressed, unpolished, bright-yel-
low; lamelle white, adnate, turning cinereous ; stem yellow, solid,
white at the extreme apex.”
Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane or slightly depressed, yellow,
becoming paler with age, flesh white, taste mild, the margin at first
even, then tuberculate-striate ; lamelle nearly simple, subdistant and
broader before, adnate, white, the interspaces venose ; stem short,
equal or tapering upward, firm, glabrous, solid or merely spongy
within, yellow; spores globose, .00025 to .0003 in. in diameter.
Plant gregarious, 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 4 to
6 lines thick. ,
Grassy places in copses and open woods. Sandlake. July.
The species belongs to the section Rieipa#. The pileus is dry and
sometimes slightly mealy or granular. When young it is bright-
yellow, but it fades with age and sometimes becomes white on the
margin.
Boletus rubinellus.
Plate 2. Figs. 20-22.
Pileus at first broadly conical or subconvex, then nearly plane,
subtomentose, red, becoming paler with age; tubes convex, adnate
or slightly depressed about the stem, rather large, subrotund, pink-
ish-red, becoming sordid-yellow ; stem equal, smooth, yellow with
reddish stains ; spores oblong-fusiform, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00016
broad.
Plant about 2 in. high, pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 2 to 3 lines
thick.
Woods. Gansevoort. August.
Apparently related to B. rubznus, and also resembling B. pzperatus,
but the stem is differently colored, and I have not found the pileus
at all viscid.
Tremella subcarnosa.
Small, tufted, compressed, irregular, wavy or contorted, subcar-
nose, externally gelatinous, whitish or pinkish-alutaceous, becoming
brownish-incarnate and somewhat glaucous when dry; spores ob-
ovate, pointed at one end, .0002 to .0003 in. long, .00016 broad.
Tufts 2 to 4 lines high and about as broad.
Decaying wood of deciduous trees. Carlisle. June.
16 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
The affinities of this fungus are doubtful. It is provisionally
referred to the genus Tremella, although the central part of the sub-
stance is fleshy rather than gelatinous. The plants revive on the
application of moisture and when moist are somewhat tremelloid.
The tufts form beautiful little rosettes.
Grandinia membranacea P. & C., 2. sp.
Effused, thin, membranaceous, whitish or subalutaceous, sometimes
slightly tinged with greenish-yellow or olivaceous ; granules numer-
ous, crowded, unequal; spores broadly elliptical or subglobose,
slightly rough, .00025 to .0003 in. long. |
Much decayed wood, leaves, etc. Tonawanda. G. W. CLinTon.
Apparently related in texture to G. papillosa, but differing in
color and in its even, not rimose, hymenium.
Phoma ecallospora P. & C., n. sp.
Perithecia small, scattered, slightly prominent, covered by the
epidermis, black ; spores oblong or cylindrical, obtuse, straight or
curved, containing 3 to 5 nuclei, .0006 to .0008 in. long, .0002 to
.00025 broad.
Dead stems of Polygonum. Buffalo. October. G. W. CLinTon.
Phoma cornina.
Perithecia numerous, not crowded, minute, nearly covered by the
stellately ruptured epidermis, black, opening by a large pore ; spores
oblong, obtuse, .0012 to .0016 in. long, .0005 to .00055 broad.
Dead branches of green osier, Cornus cércinata. Sprakers. June.
This and the preceding species are erroneously referred to the
genus Spheeropsis in the Thirty-second Report.
Spheeropsis typhina.
Perithecia scattered, subconical, slightly prominent, often com-
pressed ; spores fusiform, pointed at each end, colored, .0006 in. long,
00016 broad.
Dead leaves of Typha latifolia. Sprakers. June.
The fusiform pointed spores constitute a noticeable character in
this species.
Protomyces conglomeratus.
Spores imbedded in the tissues of the stems of the host plant,
large, globose, colored, .0016 to .002 in. in diameter, aggregated in
. NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. 17
groups or clusters and forming small protuberances or tubercles on
the dry stems.
Common saltwort, Salicornia herbacea.* Syracuse. September.
The species is remarkable for the large size of the spores and their
clustered mode of growth.
Periconia albiceps.
Plate 1, figs. 8-11.
Stems short, .02 to .03 in. high, equal or slightly tapering upward,
black ; head subglobose, white ; spores oblong or subfusiform, color-
less, .0003 to .0006 in. long.
Dead stems of balmony, Chelone glabra. Sandlake. May.
The stems of the fungus are composed of compacted filaments,
and I have followed the English mycologists in referring the species
to the genus Periconia. It is Sporocybe of Bonorden.
Gonatobotryum tenellum.
Patches thinly effused, subolivaceous ; flocci subtufted, erect, slen-
der, simple or rarely branched, not nodulose-inflated, septate, brown,
.006 to .014 in. high; spores in verticels of 2 to 4 at the septa,
oblong, simple, subruliginous, .00045 to .0005 in. long, .00016 to
-0002 broad.
Dead stems of stoneroot, Collinsonia Canadensis. North Green-
bush. October.
By reason of the equal, not nodulose, flocci the species does not
well agree with the character of the genus. Because of the colored
flocci it would go no better in Arthrinium.
Ramularia effusa.
Hypophyllous, often occupying the whole lower surface of the
leaf, whitish ; spores very variable, globose, obovate-elliptical, ob-
long or cylindrical, .00016 to .0011 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad,
sometimes uniseptate.
Living leaves of black huckleberry, G'aylussacia resinosa. Karner.
July.
Sometimes all the leaves on a branch have the lower surface
whitened by this fungus.
Ramularia albomaculata.
Spots suborbicular, 2 to 3 lines in diameter, sometimes conflu-
ent, pale yellowish-green on the upper surface, becoming purplish
18 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
or brown with age, whitened by the fungus below ; spores oblong or
elliptical, generally binucleate, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .00016 broad.
Living leaves of hickory, Carya alba. Albany and Greenbush.
June and July.
Sometimes the spots are angular, being limited by the veinlets of
the leaf. In this species and in the next one I have not seen the
spores septate, but suspecting that the nuclei indicate septa in more
mature specimens, I have referred the species to this genus for the
present. They may belong rather to Cylindrium or Fusidium.
Ramularia angustata.
Spots small, orbicular, sometimes confluent, pale greenish-yellow,
becoming reddish-brown or brown, frosted on the lower surface by
the fungus ; flocci minute ; spores narrowly fusiform or subeylindrical,
.0003 to .0004 in. long, about .0001 in. broad, often containing two
or three nucleoli.
Living leaves of pinxter plant, Azalea nudiflora. Central Bridge
and Carlisle. June.
The very narrow spores suggest the specific name.
Ramularia lineola.
Spots suborbicular, sometimes confluent, brown, concentrically
lineolate ; flocci obscure, tufted, hypophyllous ; spores slender,
cylindrical, obtuse, .0005 to .0008 in. long, often uniseptate.
Living leaves of dandelion, Taraxacum, Dens-leonis. Greenbush.
July.
The fungus is so minute that it is scarcely visible to the naked eye.
Sporotrichum larvicolum.
Flocci slender, simple or branched, forming a continuous, dense,
soft, white or yellowish stratum coating the whole matrix ; spores
abundant, minute, globose, .00008 to .00012 in. broad.
Dead larvee lying on the ground under alders. Adirondack moun-
tains. July.
The larvee were very numerous and, but for the check imposed
upon the increase of the species by the attacks of this fungus, they
would probably in a short time have completely defoliated all the
alders in that locality. In some specimens the fungus spores were so
abundant that the surface of the stratum had a pulverulent appearance.
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. 19
: Acremonium flexuosum.
Plate 1, tigs. i6-18.
Flocei procumbent, interwoven, branched, forming a thin, soft,
tomentose, white or cream-colored stratum, the branches widely
divergent, sometimes opposite, narrowed and flexuous toward the
tips and bearing scattered, alternate spicules or sporophores ; spores
oval or elliptical, .0005 to .0008 in. long, .0003 to 0005 in. broad.
Deeaying wood. Griffins, Delaware county. September.
From Acremonium album it differs in habit and habitat, as well as
in the flexuous terminal portions of the flocci and their alternate
pointed spicules ; and from Acremonium alternatwm it is distinguished
by its elliptical spores.
Sepedonium brunneum.
Effused, pulverulent, brown ; spores globose, rough, .0008 to .001
in. in diameter.
Decaying fungi. Gansevoort. August.
This is similar in habit to Sepedonium chrysospermum, from which
its dark snuff-brown spores distinguish it. Like that fungus, this
is also probably a mere state of some species of Hypomyces.
Morchella angusticeps.
Plate 1, figs 19-21.
Pileus narrowly conical or oblong-conical, acute or subobtuse, 1 to
2 in. long, its diameter at the base scarcely exceeding that of the
stem, pale-buff or cream-colored, adnate, sometimes a little curved,
the coste longitudinal, anastomosing or connected by transverse
veins ; stem subequal, hollow, furfuraceous, even or sometimes
marked by irregular longitudinal ridges and furrows, whitish, about
equal to the pileus in length; asci cylindrical; spores elliptical,
yellowish, .0008 to .001 in. long, .0005 to .0007 broad.
Borders of woods and open places. Albany and Kamer. April
and May. Edible. .
This morel is perhaps too closely related to Morchella conica Pers.,
but if that species is correctly represented in Mycographia, plate 81,
fig. 315, our plant is easily distinguished by its much more narrow
pileus, which scarcely exceeds the stem in diameter. The para-
physes of that species are also represented as filiform, and are de-
scribed (I. ¢. p. 182) as thickened above. In our plant I find no
such paraphyses, but instead of them there are oblong or subclavate
2() BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
bodies much shorter than the asci, but nearly as broad. They are
often filled with large, unequal, crowded nuclei, and appear more
like undeveloped asci than like ordinary paraphyses. ‘The interior
surface of the stem is scurfy like the exterior.
Peziza orbicularis.
Plate 2, figs. 4-6.
Receptacle 8 to 12 lines broad, sessile, appressed to the matrix,
nearly plane, orbicular or sometimes irregular, externally whitish
or subolivaceous and slightly gelatinous when moist, the disk reddish-
brown or chestnut-colored ; asci cylindrical ; spores uniseriate, ellip-
tical, .0009 to .0011 in. long, .00045 to .0005 in. broad ; paraphyses
filiform, thickened at the tips, brownish.
Wet, much decayed wood. Brewerton and Guilderland. Sep-
tember and October.
The spores usually contain one or two large nuclei. The contrast
between the dark color of the disk and the light color of the exter-
nal surface is quite noticeable. The flattened orbicular form of the
receptacle when growing on smooth surfaces suggests the specific —
name. In the Thirty-second Report both this and the next species —
were referred to the genus Bulgaria under the respective names
B. bicolor and B. deligata, but upon turther observation their affini-
ties appear to me to bring them in the genus Peziza, subgenus Dis-
cina, in consequence of which I am obliged to change the names.
Peziza leucobasis.
Plate 2, figs. 1-3.
Receptacles 1 to 3 lines broad, scattered or crowded, plane or con-
vex, sessile, scarcely margined, purplish-black when moist, black and
more or less angular when dry, surrounded at the base by dense
whitish filaments ; asci cylindrical, .01 to .012 in. long, .0009 to .001
broad ; spores uniseriate, elliptical, even, binucleate, subhyaline, .001
to .0013 in. long, .0006 to .0007 broad ; paraphyses numerous, fili-
form, septate, colored, slightly thickened above.
Wet, decaying hemlock wood. Catskill mountains. July.
The numerous white filaments that appear to bind the receptacles
to the matrix, constitute a marked feature in this species and suggest
the specific name.
Peziza longipila.
Plate 2, figs. 15-19.
Receptacle small, .014 to .02 in. broad, narrowed below into a
short stem, densely clothed with long, rigid, erect, septate, tawny-
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. oe}
brown hairs, the uppermost .O1 to .014 in. long, .0003 broad, the
disk whitish, concealed in the dry plant by the hairs of the margin ;
asci cylindrical, .0025 to .003 in. long, .00025 to .0003 broad ; spores
oblong or subfusiform, straight or slightly curved, colorless, .0003 to
.0004 in. long, .00008 to .00012 broad.
Dead stems of HLupatortum maculatum. Adirondack mountains.
July.
Apparently near P. relicina Fr., but that is described as sessile
and of a bay color.
This and the next following species belong to the subgenus
Dasyscypha.
Peziza urticina.
Receptacle minute, .007 to .014 in. broad, sessile, subglobose, almost
hyaline, and with the mouth connivent when moist, whitish and pul-
verulent-hairy when dry ; asci subfusiform ; spores crowded or bise-
' riate, fusiform, .0004 to .0005 in. long ; paraphyses filiform.
Dead stems of nettles, Laportea Canadensis. Catskill mountains.
July.
When moist the hairs are appressed and the cups appear longitud-
inally striate. When dry the disk is generally concealed. The
plants are so small that they appear to the naked eye like minute
white grains.
Helotium fraternum.
Plate 1, figs. 12-14.
Receptacle small, § to 1 line broad, stipitate, the disk plane
or slightly concave, pallid or reddish-yellow, becoming more con-
cave and dull-red in drying, the stem about equal in length to the
diameter of the receptacle ; asci clavate or subcylindrical, .003 to
.004 in. long, .0004 to .0005 broad ; spores crowded or biseriate,
subcylindrical, .00065 to .0008 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad ; para-
physes numerous, filiform, scarcely thickened at the tips.
Petioles and midveins of fallen leaves of maple, Acer saccharinum.
Adirondack mountains. July.
Pezicula minuta.
Receptacle minute, .009 to .017 in. broad, numerous, scattered or
two or three crowded together, attached to the matrix by a minute
point, grayish, pulverulent, the margin obtuse or obsolete, the disk
plane or convex, subochraceous ; asci oblong-clavate ; spores crowded,
22, BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
oblong-elliptical, colorless, .0008 to 00L in. long; paraphyses fili-
form, thickened at the apex.
Dead stems of hobble bush, Vzburnum lantanotdes. Catskill
mountains. July.
Ascophanus tetraonalis,
Receptacle sessile, 1 to 2 lines broad. externally cinereous, the
margin sometimes wavy or flexuous, the disk blackish or blackish-
brown ; asci cylindrical, truncate at the apex; spores uniseriate,
elliptical, smooth, colorless, .0006 to .0007 in. long, .0003 broad.
Excrement of partridges or ruffed grouse. Catskill mountains.
July.
The receptacles are about equal in size to those of Ascophanus
gallinaceus, which has a similar habitat, but a paler color and shorter
spores. This and the next following species were erroneously referred
to the genus Peziza in the Thirty-second Report.
Ascophanus humosoides.
Receptacles small, scarcely more than half a line broad, sessile,
scattered or crowded, orange-colored inclining to vinous-red, the disk
plane or slightly convex, slightly margined ; asci short, cylindrical
or clavate ; spores crowded or elliptical, even, .0008 to .001 in. long,
.0005 broad ; paraphyses filiform, slightly thickened above.
Excrement of some wild animal. Catskill mountains. July.
The cups are attached to the matrix by a few white filaments.
Patellaria pusilla.
Receptacle small, .014 to .028 in. broad, sessile, slightly margined,
black, the disk plane or convex when moist, slightly concave when
dry ; asci clavate ; spores crowded or biseriate, subclavate, .00065
to .0008 in. long, .0001 to .00012 broad, six to eight nucleate ; para-
physes numerous, filiform.
Decaying beech wood. Catskill mountains. July.
The spores are similar in shape to those of P. atrata. They are
extremely narrow and probably become five to seven-septate when
mature.
Acanthostigma scopula.
Perithecia small, .006 to .008 in. broad, subglobose, very black,
bristly with short, rigid, divergent black hairs or setae which are .003
to .005 in. long, .00016 to .0002 thick ; asci lanceolate or subela-
vate ; spores crowded or biseriate, elongated, gradually narrowed
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. 23
goward each end, straight or slightly curved, multinucleate, at length
obscurely multiseptate, greenish-yellow, .0025 to .003 in. long, .00012
to .00016 broad.
‘Decaying wood of hemlock. Adirondack mountains. August.
This is Spheria scopula C. & P. in the Thirty-second Report. It
is here referred to the genus Acanthostigma because of the shape of
the spores. From A. Clinéoni? it may be distinguished by its larger
perithecia and longer spores.
Lasiospheeria intricata,
Perithecia scattered or crowded, somewhat elongated, .025 to .035
in. long, .018 to .02 broad, generally narrowed toward the base,
obtuse, subfragile, tomentose-hairy, brown or blackish-brown ; subi-
culum very thin or none; asci slender, elongated, .005 to .008 in.
long, .0004 to .0005 broad ; spores crowded, linear, curved or flexu-
ous, greenish-yellow, .0016 to .0025 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Decaying wood and leaves in damp places. Sandlake.
The species belongs to the section Leprospora. The perithecia,
though small, resemble in shape those of Bombardia fasciculata.
The minute papillate ostiolum is often concealed by the tomentum of
the perithecia. This is composed of intricate, matted, slender, sep-
tate, brown filaments, which, by their soft, tomentose character, read-
ily distinguish this species from the related ZL. strigosa, L. hispida,
L. hirsuta, ete.
Herpotrichia leucostoma, :
Perithecia small, .012 to .018 in. broad, numerous, somewhat
crowded, subglobose, seated upon or involved in a blackist-brown
tomentum, the ostiola naked, not prominent, whitish when moist,
grayish or sordid when dry; asci cylindrical or subclavate, .006 to
.008 in. long, .0004 to .0006 broad ; spores crowded or biseriate,
oblong-fusiform, at first uniseptate, constricted at the septum and
containing two or three nuclei in each cell, then three to five-septate,
colorless, .0015 to .002 in. long, .0003 to .00085 in. broad.
Dead branches of mountain maple-bush, Acer spicatum. Catskill
mountains. September.
The whitish ostiola constitute a marked feature in this species. It
is distinguished from Herpotrichia Schiedermayeriana Fckl. by its
much smaller perithecia, and the more numerous septa of the spores.
{ have observed no globose appendages at the ends of the spores in
94 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
our plant. The threads of the subiculum are obscurely septate and
sometimes slightly branched. The more classical name ‘“ leucostoma ”
is here substituted for ‘‘ albidostoma.”
Zignoella humulina.
Perithecia small, .011 to .014 in. broad, depressed-hemispherical,
slightly sunk in the matrix, subglabrous, black, with a minute papil-
late ostiolum ; asci cylindrical, .0025 to .003 in. long, .0003 to .0004
in. broad ; spores uniseriate or obliquely monostichous, elliptical,
four-locular, appearing obscurely triseptate, colorless, .0005 to .0006
in. long, .00025 to .0008 in. broad.
Dead stems of hops, Humulus lupulus. Carlisle. June.
The spores are not distinctly triseptate, and the species apparently
belongs to the subgenus Zignoina. The perithecia have a dull,
squalid, unpolished or subscabrous appearance.
Acrospermum aibum.
Perithecia elongated, subfusiform, somewhat compressed, pointed
at the apex, narrowed below into a short, terete, stem-like base,
white ; spores very long, filiform.
Dead stems of spikenard, Aralia racemosa. Catskill mountains.
July.
This resembles -A. compressum in size, but it is at once distinguished
from that and other related species by its persistently white color.
ADDITIONS, REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS,
The first fourteen species of the following list are additions to our
State flora, and have not before been reported.
Hieracium Pilosella L.
Door yards. Aurora, Cayuga county. C. Atwood, M. D.
This plant has been introduced from Europe, and is yet scarce and
perhaps not thoroughly established.
Atriplex hortensis L.
Roadsides. High Bridge, Onondaga county. Mrs. S. M. Rust
and Mrs. C. Barnes.
Probably a stray from cultivation, and perhaps not permanently
established.
Amanita pantherina DC.
Thin woods. Sandlake, Rensselaer county. July.
According to the figure and description of this species the pileus
is brown or brownish, but in all our specimens it is white or merely
tinged with brown on the disk. In other respects they agree so well
with the description that there can be no doubt of their specific
identity. They afford a striking instance of the tendency in some
of our American forms to depart from the color of the European
plant. The different character of its volva will distinguish it from
white forms of A. muscarzus, and the warts on the pileus and annu-
lus on the stem will separate it from A. nivalis.
Clitocybe phyllophila /*.
Among fallen leaves in woods. Karner. September.
Clitocybe pithyophila fF.
Among fallen leaves in woods. Sandlake.
Collybia aquosa Bull.
Among sphagnum, Karner. October.
In our specimens the lamellz, instead of being rounded behind
and free, according to the description of the species, are adnate or
26 BULLETIN N. Y¥. STATE MUSEUM.
slightly decurrent. They are therefore designated, variety adnatz-
folia. In drying, the moisture escapes from the thicker, central
part of the pileus sooner than from the thin margin.
Mycena clavicularis /*.
Under pine trees. Sandlake. June.
Psilocybe bullaceus /”.
Manured ground. Sandlake. July.
Lactarius cilicioides /’.
Sandy soil. West Albany. October.
A small, white form with very sparse milk.
Hygrophorus virgineus Ff”.
Roadsides and grassy fields. Sandlake. August.
Cortinarius cinnabarinus FY.
Thin woods and bushy places. Sandiake. June.
Hydnum scrobiculatum /f”.
Woods. Sandlake. July.
The disk is sometimes very uneven with irregular prominences.
Valsa sepincola Fckl.
Dead stems of raspberry, J?ubus strigosus. Karner. October.
Cryptospora Betulez Tul.
Dead bark and twigs of white birch, Betula populifolia. Karner.
October.
Ampelopsis quinquefolia Mz.
Specimens sometimes occur with some of the leaves trifoliate.
Geranium Robertianum lL.
A white-flowered form. Isley island, Sodus Bay, Wayne county.
FP. W. Battershall.
Galium lanceolatum Torr.
A white-flowered form. Sandlake.
Rhodora Canadensis L.
Thirteenth pond, Johnsburgh, Warren county. May. Mrs. 1 B.
Sampson.
The specimens are in flower, but the leives had not yet developed.
The original herbarium specimens bear old capsules, but no leaves,
ADDITIONS, REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS. 27
so that leaf-bearing specimens are yet wanting. I do not find this
plant recorded in any of the local catalogues of plants of various
parts of the State, and Dr. Torrey admitted it in the New York
Flora with the following explanatory remark: ‘ I am not quite cer-
tain that I have received specimens of this plant from within the
limits of the State ; but it doubtless grows in some of the northern
counties.”’ The result has proved the accuracy of his supposition,
but the plant is evidently rare in our State.
Potamogeton pauciflorus Pursh.
A peculiar form of this species occurs in Glass Jake, Rensselaer
county. The stems are 1 to 2 feet long, the spikes numerous
and axillary and the foliage of a dull-brownish or reddish-brown
color, quite unlike the ordinary bright-green hue of the species.
-
Pogonia affinis Aust.
In a swamp near Tappantown, Rockland county. June. 2. F.
Smith.
Juncus Canadensis var. coarctatus Engelm.
This plant sometimes has the flower heads wholly or in part
changed to enlarged leafy buds, or rather galls, for they are pro-
duced by the attacks of insects.
Clitopilus Noveboracensis Pk.
Sometimes the pileus is dark-brown, much darker than in the
typical form. There is also a variety fomentostpes, in which the stem
is clothed with a whitish or grayish hairy tomentum. The plants
are also sometimes ceespitose. Sandlake. July.
Entoloma strictior var. isabellinus Pk.
Pileus, when moist, of a watery isabelline hue and striatulate on
the margin, when dry, whitish or pale straw color.
~Sphagnous marshes. Sandlake. August.
Clavaria amethystina Bull.
Woods. Sandlake. July.
Sometimes the color inclines to a grayish-violaceous hue. Both
the small sparsely branched and the abundantly branched forms
occur.
Dacrymyces conglobatus Pk.
Plate 1, figs. 1-4.
In the Thirty-second Report, this was provisionally referred to the
genus Dacrymyces. It is apparently Peziza rubella Pers., and Om-
28 BULLETIN N. Y¥. STATE MUSEUM.
brophila rubella Quel., which is figured in Tabule Analyticee Fun-
gorum, by M. Patouillard, Fasc. 11, fig. 157. But unless it shall yet
be found to have an ascigerous form it can not well be received in
either of these genera. It may yet be necessary to institute a genus
for its reception.
Glomerularia Corni Pk.
Plate 2, figs. 10-14.
This species was originally found on leaves of dwarf cornel, Cornus
Canadensis. It also occurs in the Adirondack forests on leaves of
fly honeysuckle, Lonicera ciliata. On this host it forms extensive
patches, sometimes occupying nearly the whole leaf, and its filaments
are more highly developed. It has been described in Sylloge
Fungorum, vol. IV, p. 10.
Geoglossum irregulare Pk.
Plate 1, figs. 5-7.
A description of this fungus is contained in Revue Mycologique,
1882, p. 212, under the name Gr'eoglosswin vitellinum Bres. Owing
to the imperfect publication of the Thirty-second Report it will be
better to adopt this later name.
Helotium vibrisseoides Pk.
Plate 2, figs. 7-9.
In 1881 this fungus was published under the name of Vzbrissea
turbinata Phillips. It is Gorgoniceps turbinata Sacc., a name which
should be adopted for the reason already given.
NEW YORK SPECIES OF PAXILLUS.
PAXILLUS F*.
“ Hymenophorum continuous with the stem, decurrent. Lamelle
membranous, scissile, somewhat branched and often anastomosing
behind, distinct from the hymenophorum and easily separable from tt.
Spores sordid-whitish or ferruginous.
“Fleshy putrescent fung? continuously and gradually unfolding and
expanding from an involute margin.” Hymen. Europ., p. 400.
The species of this genus are related to the Agarici on one hand,
and to the Boleti on the other. The important distinguishing char-
acter is afforded by the lamelle, which are easily and smoothly sep-
arable from the pileus, just as the tubes of a Boletus are from the
pileus that supports them. This relationship between the Paxilli and
Boleti is still further indicated by the anastomosing of the lamelle,
which in one species, Paxzl/us porosus, is carried to such an extent
that the hymenium is as distinctly porous as it is in some Boleti. On
the other hand, the close relationship that exists between this genus
and the genus Agaricus may be inferred from the fact that Agaricus
personatus and A. cénerascens are still retained by Fries among the
Agarici, although he makes the remark that they belong rather to
the Paxilli. In the second edition of Epicrisis he has modified the
diagnosis of the genus, and at the same time admitted that it is ‘‘ not
yet correctly defined.” Neither is the limitation of the two tribes
into which he divides the species very satisfactory, for a central stem
and sordid spores, characters assigned to Lepista, are not always
associated together, nor are ferruginous spores found only in species
with the stem: commonly lateral or eccentric. It has, therefore,
seemed best to me, for the present, to refer to this genus such species
only as have the spores colored and the separable lamelle more or
less branched, crisped or anastomosing. This reduces our species to
five, three of which are found also in Europe. They grow chiefly
in woods and occur in the latter part of summer and in autumn.
The separable character of the hymenium can only be ascertained by
the mutilation of a specimen.
/
30 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
Synopsis of the Species.
1 Hymenium clearly lamellate. 2.
2 Pileus white, stem present. P. simulans.
2 Pileus colored. Be
3 Stem glabrous. P. involutus.
3 Stem densely hairy. P. atrotomentosus.
3 Stem none. P. panuoides.
1 Hymenium wholly porous. . P. porosus.
Paxillus simulans 2. sp.
Simulating Paxillus.
Pileus broadly convex, expanded or subinfundibuliform; compact,
subglabrous, even or somewhat scabrous-pustulate, whzte or whitish,
the involute margin often tomentose-hairy, flesh white ; lamelle
close, forked, crisped near the stem, adnate or decurrent, white, then
ochraceous-yellow tinged with salmon color ; stem central, short, firm,
equal, stuffed or hollow, pubescent, white ; spores pale ochraceous-
yellow, subglobose or broadly elliptical, .0002 to .0003 in. long, .0002
in. broad. ;
Plant 1 to 3 in. high, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 6 to 12 lines
thick.
In thin woods. Sandlake. July. Rare.
A large species externally resembling Lactarzus vellereus, and per-
haps hitherto confused with it, but easily distinguished from it py the
absence of a milky juice and by the lamelle which are crisped near
the base and which soon assume a peculiar salmon-yellow hue, which
also appears in the spores when collected on white paper. This
change of color begins in the crisped portion near thestem and gradu-
ally advances toward the outer extremity. In the dried specimens the
lamellee are ochraceous-brown and they have the edge more or less
beaded with white granules. They are often forked near the outer
extremity as well as toward the inner. The length of the stem some-
times scarcely exceeds its breadth. In but a single instance was it
eccentric, and in that case the pileus was lobed and irregular. The
surface of the pileus is sometimes roughened with minute pustules or
papille and sometimes has a pitted appearance. Rarely the margin
is obscurely zonate. The taste is bitterish and unpleasant, and some
times the plant emits a subacid odor. It is a singular species.
Paxillus involutus /7.
Involute Paxillus.
Pileus compact, convex or expanded, sometimes centrally de-
pressed, glabrous, vésc¢d when moist, varying in color from grayish
SPECIES OF PAXILLUS. 31
or sordid-buff to ferruginous or brownish-ochraceous, the margin at
first strongly involute and covered with a dense grayish tomentose vil-
losity, flesh grayish-white or pallid ; lamellze close, decurrent, branched
and anastomosing behind, whitish, then yellowish or subferruginous,
becoming reddish-brown or fuscous where cut or bruised, the inter-
spaces yenose ; stem equal or slightly thickened at the base, central
or sometimes eccentric, glabrous, solid ; spores elliptical, .0003 to
.0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Plant 2 to 4 in. high, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 4 to 8 lines
thick.
In woods on the ground and on decaying wood. Common in the
Adirondack mountains and not rare in the mixed woods of all our
hilly districts. August to November.
This species is said, by Fries and other authors, to be edible, but
I have not tested its edible qualities. It is said to be held in high
estimation as an article of food in Russia. It is somewhat solitary in
its mode of growth and prefers a soil chiefly composed of vegetable
mold. Damp shaded mossy banks and deep hemlock and spruce
woods are favorite habitats for it. It sometimes grows on much de-
cayed stumps and old prostrate trunks of trees. In such cases the
stem is sometimes eccentric, but when growing on the ground
it is almost always central, though Fries places the species in the
tribe Tapinia. Neither do the spores of our plant agree well with
the dimensions given in the Handbook of British Fungi, still it does
not appear to me to be specifically distinct. The pileus is generally
regular in outline and, when expanded, bears upon its margin short,
distant and somewhat irregular striations. The hairiness of the
margin is more distinct in the young plants. The color of the pileus
is not very decided, being somewhat variable, and a peculiar mixture
of gray, ochraceous, ferrugihous and brown. The surface is some-
times opaque, sometimes shining. The lamelle and often other parts
of the plant change color when cut or bruised. In drying, the
lamellz of this and also of the preceding and the two following
species frequently assume a smoky-brown or blackish hue.
Paxillus atrotomentosus Fr.
Dark-Downy Paxillus.
Pileus compact, convex, then expanded or centrally depressed,
varying from subglabrous to scabrous-granulose, sometimes tomen-
tose-hairy on the disk, often minutely rivulose, ochraceous-red, fer-
ruginous-brown or reddish-brown, the margin sometimes paler, flesh
32 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
white ; lamellz close, rather broad, adnate or slightly decurrent,
somewhat branched and anastomosing at the base, pale creamy-yellow,
the interspaces venose ; stem firm, stout, solid, eccentric or lateral,
rarely central, densely tomentose-hairy, dark-brown ; spores elliptical,
.0002 to .00025 in. long, .00016 in. broad.
Plant single or cespitose, 3 to 6 in. high, pileus 3 to 6 in. broad,
stem 6 to 15 lines thick.
Ground and much decayed wood of pine and hemlock. Helder-
berg mountains, Sandlake and Gansevoort. August.
This is a large species, easily recognized by the dark-brown coarsely
velvety or densely hairy coat of the stem, which character is suggest-
ive of the specific name. It sometimes grows in large tufts, and then
the pileus is frequently irregular by reason of mutual compression.
In wet weather the pileus is moist and sometimes obscurely mottled
with dark spots. Occasionally it emits an unpleasant, dirt-like odor.
Paxillus panuoides Ff’.
Panus-like Paxillus. Stemless Paxillus. Pale Paxillus.
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex or nearly plane, sessele or resupinate,
sometimes narrowed behind into a short stem-like base, pubescent or
glabrous, yellowish or brownish-yellow ; lamelle narrow, close, an-
astomosing and crisped at the base, yellow; spores subglobose or
broadly elliptical, .00018 to .0002 in. long, .00013 to .00016 in.
broad.
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad and long.
Decaying wood, usually of pine and hemlock. Albany, Maryland
and Adirondack mountains. August and September.
This is our only sessile species. It grows in open places as well as
in woods. It is quite variable in Europe, according to the description
in Hymenomycetes Europei. A form w#th a whitish pileus (Agaricus
lamellirugis Dec. F\., Merulius crispus Turpin) is the variety B of
Fries. A form with a resupinate cup-like pileus, variety pezzzozdes,
is his variety C, and Gomphus pezizoides Pers. The Handbook also
describes a form with a white pileus tinged with violet. Of these,
only the var. pezézoides has been found here. It occurs in the Adi-
rondack mountain region.
Paxillus porosus Berk.
Porous Paxillus.
Pileus fleshy, broadly convex or expanded, often irregular or sub-
reniform, dry, glabrous or minutely tomentose, reddish-brown, some-
SPECIES OF PAXILLUS. 33
times ochraceous-brown, flesh yellowish ; lamellae wholly connected
by numerous narrow transverse branches, causing the hymenium to
consist of large angular pores, decurrent, bright-yellow ; stem short,
hard, eccentric or lateral, generally reticulated above, colored like
the pileus ; spores elliptical, uninucleate, .00035 to .00045 in. long,
.00024 to .00032 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 3 to 6 lines
thick.
Ground in woods and open places. Sandlake, Oneida, Brewerton
and Catskill mountains. August.
A singular species remarkable for its boletoid or porous hyme-
nium. It is thus far peculiar to this country. Its spores, according
to Prof. A. P. Morgan, are bright-yellow. They are larger than in
any of our other species of Paxillus. The author of the species
makes the remark that “ without examining the fructification it
might be taken for a Boletus.” It is admitted that the spores are
broader in proportion to their length than are the spores of most
Boleti, but in Loletus strobilaceus the spores make quite as wide a
departure from the ordinary form. In fresh specimens the radiating
lamellz are distinguishable, being somewhat broader than the con-
necting veins or branches, but in the dried specimens this difference
is so obscured that the hymenium appears in no manner to differ
from that of some of the large and angular-pored Boleti. Indeed
this same kind of union of radiating lamelle is discernible in the
hymenium of Loletus paluster in which the spores approach much
more closely to the ordinary form of Boletus spores ; from which it
may be inferred that if the species just described is a genuine
Paxillus, the distinction between that genus and the genus Boletus
is very slight indeed, consisting in this case merely in the eccentric
or lateral stem.
The stem in P. porosus is most often lateral, and at the point of
its insertion there is generally an excavation in the margin of the
pileus which gives to it a somewhat reniform outline. The pileus
has been described as ‘‘ viscid when moist,” but I have never ob-
served this character in our plant. The color of the hymenium in
the fresh plant is a bright chrome-yellow. The fresh plant some-
times emits a disagreeable, dirt-like odor.
Paxillus strigosus Pk. does not have the lamelle branched or
erisped at the base, and it has been omitted. It probably belongs
rather to Inocybe.
NEW YORK SPECIES OF CANTHARELLUS,
CANTHARELLUS Adaus.
‘‘Hymenophorum continuous with the stem, descending unchanged
into the trama. Lamelle thick, fleshy or waxy, fold-like, sub-
branched, obtuse on the edge. Spores white. Fleshy or membranous
putrescent fung? destitute of a veil.” Hymen. Hurop., p. 455.
The prominent distinguishing characters of this genus are the
fleshy substance of the plants and the obtuse edge of the lamelle.
In nearly all the species these are either dichotomously branched or
reticulately or anastomosingly connected with each other. They are
so narrow and thick in some species that they appear more like folds
or veins than like lamelle. When a transverse section of the lamelle |
is made their fold-like character becomes apparent. The hymenial
substance covers the entire lower surface of the pileus and hence the
interspaces are fertile as well as the lamellz. Although some species
formerly included in this genus are now excluded, it still contains
some incongruous members. Thus C. jloccosus bears very little
general resemblance to C. infundibuliformis, and C. aurantiacus looks
strangely by the side of C. pruznosus. It has, therefore, seemed best
to group the species into subgenera or sections according to their
natural affinities.
In the section AGARICOIDEs the pileus is fleshy and is rapidly nar-
rowed below into the stem. The lamelle are very thin and close,
resembling much-those of the Agarici, but they are obtuse on the
edge and regularly and sometimes repeatedly dichotomous. The
species of this group are closely related to the Agarici.
In EucanTHARELLUS the pileus is narrowly obconic and tapers
downward gradually till it is lost in the short stem. Sometimes the
spreading margin makes it trumpet-shaped. The lamelle are very
narrow, thick and abundantly and reticulately branched.
In CANTHARELLUS (proper) the pileus is fleshy, glabrous and more
horizontally expanded, and the lamella are broader, more distant,
and more sparingly branched than in the preceding group. The
stem is also longer in proportion to the size of the pileus.
SPECIES OF CANTHARELLUS. 85
In LeprocaNTHARELUvs the pileus is fleshy but thin, and floccose,
fibrillose or pruinose. It is umbilicate, centrally depressed or funnel-
shaped and sometimes pervious. The lamelle are mostly sparingly
branched, and the slenderstem is generally hollow. The last three
groups contain species which have their respective counterparts or
corresponding species in the genus Craterellus.
In the diagnosis of the genus which I have quoted the spores are
said to be white, but in some of our species they vary considerably
from this color.
The name of the genus is derived trom cantharus, a kind of drink-
ing cup.
Synopsis of the Species.
1 Lamelle thin, regularly and repeatedly dichotomous. 2.
2 Lamelle orange-colored. C. aurantiacus,
2 Lamellz white.” C. umbonatus.
1 Lamelle thick, simple or irregularly branched. 3.
3 Stem very short, hairy or subtomentose. 4.
4 Pileus floccose-scaly. C. floccosus.
4 Pileus glabrous. C, brevipes.
3 Stem longer, glabrous. 5.
5 Pileus glabrous, yellow. 6.
6 Pileus thick, stem solid. C. cibarius.
6 Pileus thin, stem stuffed or hollow. C. minor.
5 Pileus glabrous, cinnabar-red. C. cinnabarinus.
5 Pileus not glabrous. te
7 Floccose or fibrillose. 8.
8 Dingy-yellow or brownish. C. infundibuliformis.
8 Dingy-cinereous or blackish-cinereous. C. cinereus.
7 Pruinose. C. pruinosus.
AGaricoipEes. Lamelle thin, close, regularly dichotomous.
Cantharellus aurantiacus Wulf.
Orange Chantarelle. False Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, thick, soft, minutely tomentose, plane or slightly
depressed, yellowish-orange, often tinged with smoky-brown, the mar-
gin decurved or involute, flesh whitish or yellowish ; lamellz narrow,
close, repeatedly forked, decurrent, bright-orange, sometimes yellow-
ish ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, solid, subconcolorous ;
spores subelliptical, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .00016 to .00018 broad.
Plant 2 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 3 in. broad, stem 2 to 5 lines thick.
Ground and much decayed wood. Common in hilly and moun-
tainous districts. July to October.
36 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
The bright color and regular bifurcations of the lamellee render this
a beautiful and easily recognizable species. The pileus is somewhat
obconic in outline, but it is subject to some variation in color. The
disk is often tinged with brown or smoky-brown and sometimes the
whole surface fades to a dingy buffred.. The margin is sometimes
a pale yellow or even whitish, and a form with whitish lamelle has
occurred in a sphagnous marsh near Albany. In the European plant —
the stem is said occasionally to become black. This form is Merudlius
nigripes Pers. The wholly white European form has not been found
here.
The species is pronounced ‘“ poisonous” by some authors, and
‘« scarcely esculent”’ by Rev. M. J. Berkeley. It is especially fond
of a damp mossy soil filled with vegetable mold, and it sometimes
occurs quite late in the season.
Cantharellus umbonatus f7.
Umbonate Chantarelle,
Pileus thin, soft, at first convex, then plane or centrally depressed, -
umbonate, papillate or even, smooth or flocculose-silky, rarely mi-
nutely squamulose, bluish-cinereous, grayish-brown or blackish-cin-
ereous, the flesh white ; lamelle thin, straight, more or less decur-
rent, dichotomous, white; stem equal or slightly tapering upward,
solid or stuffed, generally slightly silky, villose or white-tomentose
at the base, whitish or tinged with the color of the pileus ; spores
white, oblong or subfusiform, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00016 to
.0002 broad.
Plant 1 to 6 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 2 to 4 lines
thick.
Damp, mossy ground in woods and open places. North Elba,
Catskill mountains and Karner. August to October.
Var. subceruleus. Pileus bluish or bluish-gray, silky and shining.
Var. dichotomus. Pileus even or the umbo reduced to a mere
papilla, grayish-brown.
Var. brevior. Pileus as in variety dichotomus, but the stem very
short, about 1 inch long, equal and scarcely silky.
This is a variable species. All the descriptions of the European
plant which have come under my notice speak of it as umbonate,
and some emphasize this character and describe it as ‘always per-
sistent,” ‘‘unchanged,” etc. In the American plant it is often en-
tirely absent, and whe present it is generally a mere acute papilla.
4
SPECIES OF CANTHARELLUS. 37
If of fair size in the fresh plant it becomes small and inconspicuous
in the dried specimen. In consequence of this disagreement between
the American plant and the descriptions of the European, the former
was supposed to be distinct, and described in the Twenty-third Re-
port as Cantharellus dichotomus ; but from its close: agreement in
other respects I am now of the opinion that our plant is but a variety
of the European, and I have modified the description of the species
so that it may include our forms. I have looked in vain for a de-
scription of the spore characters of this species in any of the Euro-
pean works at my command. These characters here given are taken
from the American plant. Should they be found to differ from
those of the European plant, it will be necessary to keep our plant
distinct. In ours, as in the European, wounds of the flesh and
lamellz often change to a reddish hue, and sometimes the lamelle
assume this color in drying. When growing among mosses the stem
is often considerably elongated, and the white tomentum at its base
so closely invests the surrounding mosses that it is difficult to pluck
the plant entire without taking with it a tuft of moss.
EucANTHARELLUs. Lamelle very narrow, thick, vein-like, abun-
danily branching or anastomosing ; pileus narrowly obconic ; stem
very short.
The species of this section appear thus far to be peculiar to America,
Cantharellus floccosus Schw.
Floccose Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, firm, elongated funnel-form or trumpet shape, floc-
cose-scaly, ochraceous-yellow ; lamelle thick, narrow, close, abun-
dantly anastomosing above, long-decurrent and subparallel below,
subconcolorous ; stem very short, thick, sometimes with a flexuous,
root-like prolongation ; spores ochraceous, narrowly elliptical, .0005
to .0006 in. long, .0003 in. broad, with an oblique apiculus at
one end.
Plant 2 to 5 in. high, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 4 to 8 lines
thick.
Woods and their borders. Common. July and August.
This is our largest species of Chantarelle. At first the plant is
almost cylindrical, it being scarcely broader at the top than at the
base ; but it gradually expands above and spreads its margin until it
becomes trumpet-shaped. The pileus of the young plant is some-
38 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
times tinged with orange. The scales are sometimes thick and _ per-
sistent, and again thin and subevanescent. The pileus is depressed or
umbilicate at a very early age, and it frequently becomes pervious
when mature. The interstices or reticulations formed by the anas-
tomosing of the lamellz are in some specimens as broad as long, in
others much longer than broad. The stem is often, though not
always, somewhat tomentose. |
Cantharellus brevipes Pk.
Short-stemmed Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, narrowly obconic, glabrous, alutaceous or dingy cream
color, the thin margin erect, often irregular and lobed, tinged with
lilac in the young plant, flesh soft, whitish ; lamellae numerous, nearly
straight on the margin, abundantly anastomosing below, pale umber
tinged with lilac; stem short, tomentose-pubescent, solid, cinereus,
often tapering downwards ; spores yellowish, oblong-elliptical, uninu-
cleate, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .0002 in. broad.
Plant subceespitose, 3 to 4 in. high, pileus 2 to 3 in. broad, stem |
4 to 6 lines thick. ’
Woods. Ballston. July.
This is a very rare species. It occurred in very limited quantity
in 1879, in the locality mentioned, and has not since been found. It
is smaller than C. floccosus, more cespitose in its mode of growth,
and with thinner lamelle. The thick fleshy pileus is neither pervious
nor umbilicate and but slightly depressed.
CANTHARELLUS. Lamelle narrow, distant, sparingly and irregu-
larly branched or anastomosing ; pileus fleshy, glabrous ; stem fleshy,
generally solid.
Cantharellus cibarius /”.
Edible Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, then expanded or slightly depressed,
glabrous, yellow, the margin at first involute, then spreading, often
wavy or irregular, flesh white within ; lamella narrow, thick, distant,
decurrent, somewhat branched or anastomosing, yellow ; stem firm,
elabrous, solid, yellow, sometimes tapering downwards ; spores sub-
elliptical, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Plant 1.5 to 4 in. high, pileus 1.5 to 4 in. broad, stem 3 to 6 lines
thick.
wlth
SPECIES OF CANTHARELLUS. 39
Woods, copses and open places. Common. June to September.
The edible Chantarelle, though often irregular in shape, is beauti-
ful in color. The whole plant is of a clear, rich egg-yellow hue, and
this, with its solid stem, renders its identification easy. The Ameri-
san plant scarcely varies in color, but in Europe there is said to be a
white variety of it. When old, the margin first begins to dry, and
soon assumes a dull reddish-brown hue. ‘The flesh both of the pileus
and stem is white, though often tinged with yellow near the surface.
Some authors attribute to it an odor like that of ripe apricots, but I
have not been able to detect any decided odor in it. The lamellee
vary somewhat in their degree of proximity to each other and in
the extent of their ramification. They are sometimes wavy or
crisped as in some species of Paxillus. The interspaces are usually
venose. The length of the stem is generally about equal to the
breadth of the pileus. It is more frequently curved or flexuous
than straight, and sometimes it is narrowed downward. The spores
are described by most authors as white, but if they are collected on
white paper they have a slight yellowish or salmon-yellow tint. The
plant grows either in a scattered manner or arranged in curved lines,
as if attempting to form a “fairy ring.” A favorite habitat is in
the deep shade of hemlock trees, but it also grows freely and plenti-
fully in thin woods of deciduous trees in damp, showery weather.
The species is quite celebrated for its edible qualities. Fries says
that ‘‘it is justly enumerated among the most sapid fungi;” Bad-
ham, that ‘‘no fungus is more popular;” Berkeley, that “it is
occasionally served up at public dinners at the principal hotels in
London on state occasions, when every effort is made to secure the
rarest and most costly dainties ;’’ Cooke, that ‘it is alike esteemed
in France, Germany, Austria and Italy,” and that “it is not at all
uncommon to hear from epicures rapturous encomiums of this golden
fungus.” According to Badham, ‘it requires to be gently stewed,
and a long time, to make it tender; but by soaking it in milk the
night before, less cooking will be requisite.”
Cantharellus cinnabarinus Schw.
Cinnabar-colored Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, rather thin, firm, convex, then depressed or subin-
fundibuliform, often irregular, cénnabar-red, the margin at first
inflexed, often lobed in large specimens, flesh whitish, externally
tinged with red; lamelle subdistant, branched, decurrent, c/nnadbar-
40 BULLETIN N. Y¥. STATE MUSEUM.
red ; stem glabrous, solid, cénnabar-red ; spores subelliptical, .0003
to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 8 to 16 lines broad, stem 2 to 4 lines
thick.
Thin woods and open places. Sandlake, Brewerton and Forest-
burgh. July to September.
This Chantarelle is beautifully colored, though frequently irregular
in shape. It is closely related to the preceding species, from which
its color, smaller size and comparatively broader lamelle distinguish
it. It varies slightly in the depth of its color, the pileus being some-
times tinged with yellow. It is difficult to preserve its red hue in the
dried specimens. The width of the lamelle is generally equal to or
greater than the thickness of the flesh of the pileus. The flesh has
a slightly pungent or peppery taste. The species was placed by Fries
in the genus Hygrophorus, but it is a genuine Cantharellus.
Cantharellus minor Pk.
Small Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then expanded, often umbilicate or
centrally depressed, glabrous, yellow, flesh, pale-yellow; lamelle
narrow, distant, sparingly branched, yellow ; stem slender, subflexu-
ous, subequal, smooth, stuffed or hollow, yellow, with a whitish
mycelium at the base ; spores subelliptical, .00025 to .0003 in. long,
.00016 to .0002 in. broad.
Plant gregarious or subceespitose, 1 to 1.5 in. high, pileus 6 to 12
lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Thin woods and open places. Greenbush and Sandlake. June
and July. |
This is a very small Chantarelle. It is colored like C. cebarius,
from which it is distinguished by its smaller size, thin and frequently
umbilicate pileus, comparatively broader lamelle, and more slender
stem, and smaller spores. In very small or young specimens the
stem sometimes appears to be solid, but in large and mature speci-
mens it is stuffed or hollow, especially in the upper part. By this
character it connects this section with the next. In wet weather the
pileus is moist and has a watery-yellow hue which fades slightly
in drying.
LEPTOCANTHARELLUS. Pleus thin or submembranous, not glab-
rous ; stem subelongated, generally hollow.
SPECIES OF CANTHARE!LUS. 4]
Cantharellus infundibuliformis Scop. '
Funnel-shaped Chantarelle.
Pileus thin or submembranous, convex and umbilicate, then funnel-
shaped and often pervious, slightly floccose or fibrillose, uneven, vary-
ing in color from dingy-yellow to dark watery-brown when moist,
grayish or grayish-yellow or grayish-brown when dry, the margin
frequently wavy, irregular or lobed; lamelle narrow, thick, decur-
rent, distant, irregularly or dichotomously branched, yellow or sub-
cinereous, becoming pruinose, the interspaces generally venose ; stem
rather slender, glabrous, hollow, yed/ow ; spores broadly elliptical,
.00035 to .00045 in. long, .0003 to .00035 in. broad.
Var. typicus. Pileus dingy-yellow ; stem pale-yellow.
Var. Juteolus. (Cantharellus lutescens, 23d Rep., p. 122.) Pileus
convex, umbilicate, dingy-yellow ; lamella very distant, sparingly
branched, yellowish ; stem yellow, tinged with red or orange.
Var. zonatus Fr. Pileus zonate.
Var. subcinereus. Pileus dark watery-brown when moist, gray or
grayish-brown when dry ; stem yellowish, dingy above.
Plant gregarious or subcespitose, 1.5 to 4 in. high, pileus 6 to 18
lines broad, stem 1.5 to 3 lines thick.
Woods and swamps among moss or fallen leaves and on decayed
wood. Common. June to October.
This species is so variable that it seems desirable to designate its
principal varieties by name. Through variety subczénereus it approaches
C. cinereus on one hand, and, through variety /uteolus, C. tubeformis
on the other. Indeed, so closely is it allied to this last-named species
that the two were united in Systema Mycologicum. But in all our
forms or varieties the lamelle become frosted or pruinose in appear-
ance, and this character, according to the descriptions of Professor
Fries, is a distinguishing feature of C. tnfundibuliformis. In the
description of C. tubeformis, as given in the Handbook, the lamelle
of it also are said to be ‘ frosted with a white bloom,” but the dimen-
sions there ascribed to its stem and spores do not correspond to those
of any of our specimens. In our plant the pileus of fresh growing
specimens has a moist or watery appearance, and as the moisture
evaporates the color becomes paler. The surface of the pileus
is a little uneven, and the fibrils are so arranged that they give it a
somewhat streaked or virgate appearance approaching sometimes
to a subreticulate aspect. Occasionally the pileus is slightly zonate,
42 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
but such specimens grow intermingled with others that are not zonate ~
and are evidently the same species. In the larger specimens the
pileus is frequently more lobed and irregular than in the others. In
these also the lamelle are apt to be less distant and more branched
and the interspaces more venose than usual. The color of the lamelle
may be yellow, grayish-yellow, subcinereous or even tinged with
lilac. The stem in variety ¢ypécus is pale-yellow or flavid, in variety
luteolus it is more or less tinged with red, and in variety subcinereus
it has a dingy or smoky tint above. ‘This variety occurs especially
among Sphagnum in marshes.
Cantharellus cinereus Pers.
Gray Chantarelle.
Pileus thin, submembranous, centrally depressed or funnel-shaped,
often becoming pervious, minutely hairy or scaly, cenereous or blackish-
cinereous, the margin frequently lobed or irregular; lamelle thick,
distant or subdistant, decurrent, branched and anastomosing, cinere-
ous ; stem hollow, often compressed or irregular, cénereous or blackish-
cinereous ; spores elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .0002 to .00025
broad.
Plant gregarious or czespitose, 1.5 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 2 in.
broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick.
Woods. Greig, Sandlake and Albany. August and September.
The gray Chantarelle is less common than the preceding species to
which it is closely related, but from: which it may be distinguished by
the absence of yellow hues from its pileus and stem. Its stem is
generally comparatively thicker and its mode of growth more
cxespitose.
Cantharellus pruinosus Pk.
Frosted Chantarelle.
Pileus thin, convex, subumbilicate, pruznose, white ; lamelle rather
broad, distant, long-decurrent, s¢mple or rarely branched, white ; stem
long, slender, slightly enlarged above, prudnose, whitish; spores
globose, .0002 to .00025 in. in diameter.
Plant about 1 in. high, pileus 2 to 3 lines broad, stem scarcely 1
line thick.
Ground in pastures. Sageville. August.
This is our smallest species, and is one most readily recognized by
its slender habit, white color and minutely mealy or pruinose surface.
SPECIES OF CANTHARELLUS. 43
In some respects it approaches the European C. Brownz? B. & Br.,
but is clearly distinct from it, by its broad and very decurrent
lamelle, by its pruinose surface and by its umbilicate instead of an
umbonate pileus.
Cantharellus crispus differs from all the preceding species in habit
and texture and is now referred to the genus Trogia.
Satisfactory examples of Cantharellus tubeformis have not occurred
within our limits. The specimens formerly referred to this species
and to C. dutescens prove to be only forms of C. infundibuliformis.
Several dimidiate and resupinate species of this genus are found in
Europe, but none have occurred within our limits.
NEW YORK SPECIES OF CRATERELLUS,
CRATERELLUS /”.
“Wymenium waxy-membranous, distinct, but adnate to the
hymenophorum, definitely inferior, continuous, glabrous, even or
rugose. Spores white.
“ Terrestrial, fleshy or membranous, autumnal fungi, related to
the Cantharelli and furnished with an entire pileus and a stem.”
Hymen. Europ., p. 630.
This. genus is intimately related to Cantharellus on one hand, and
by its nearly even hymenium it approaches Thelephora and Clavaria
on the other. So intimate is its relationship with Cantharellus that,
in the Systema Mycologicum, its species were referred to that genus,
and in his later work, the Hymenomycetes Europei, Professor Fries
justly remarks that the analogy between various species of the two
genera is wonderful. Indeed, some of the species of these genera
cannot readily be distinguished without an inspection of the hyme-
nium, so closely do they resemble each other in size, shape and color.
The species of Craterellus have the hymenium nearly even, or merely
rugose or rugose-wrinkled, the folds or wrinkles being irregular or
indistinct, or so interwoven and lost in each other and in the hyme-
nium that any particular one cannot readily be traced from the stem
to the margin of the pileus, as they can be in species of Cantharellus.
In the same species the wrinkles are more distinct in some specimens
than in others, and often they are more distinct in the fresh plant
than in the dried one. In all our species the hymenium is decurrent.
The pileus is frequently more or less split or lobed on the margin
and sometimes is divided nearly to its base. It is not clear why the
genus should be characterized as ‘‘autumnal,” for some of the species
occur as early as July. In some of the older works these fungi are
distributed in the genera Cantharellus, Merulius, Elvella and Peziza.
The name Craterellus signifies a little cup, and has reference to the
shape of the pileus in some species.
SPECIES OF CRATERELLUS. 45
Synopsis of the Species.
1 Stem hollow, pileus mostly pervious. 2.
2 Hymenium cinereous or brown. 8.
3 Pileus tubiform, spores .0005 to .0007 in. long. C. cornucopioides.
3 Pileus funnel-shaped, spores .00025 to .0003 in. long. C. dubius,
2 Hymenium yellow. C. lutescens,.
1 Stem solid, pileus not pervious. 4.
4 Hymenium and stem similarly colored. C, Cantharellus.
4 Hymenium and stem dissimilarly colored. C. clavatus.
Craterellus cornucopioides Pers.
Cornucopia-like Craterellus. Horn-like Craterellus.
Pileus thin, submembranous, éub¢éform, pervious, sometimes granu-
lar or minutely scaly, cinereous, smoky-brown or blackish, the spread-
ing or decurved margin generally lobed, wavy or irregular ; hyme-
nium even or rugose-wrinkled, cinereous or brown; stem very short,
hollow, blackish-brown or black ; spores narrowly elliptical, .0005 to
.0007 in. long, .0008 to .0004 broad.
Plant gregarious or subczespitose, 2 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 2.5
in. broad, stem 2 to 3 lines thick.
Woods. Common. July to September.
This is our most common Craterellus. It is easily recognized by
its elongated tubular or narrowly trumpet-shaped pileus and its dingy-
gray or smoky-brown hue. ‘The pileus is thin but rather tough and
elastic. The hymenium is generally a little paler than the pileus
and varies in color from cinereous to reddish-brown and dark smoky-
brown. It sometimes becomes pruinose when dry. The stem is
short or almost obsolete, the hymenium extending nearly or quite to
the surface of the ground. The spores are larger than in any of our
other species. It grows especially on naked soil on shaded banks or
knolls or in old roads in woods. In shape it corresponds very closely
to Cantharellus floccosus, but in every other respect it differs decid-
edly from that species. In color it resembles Cantharellus cinereus,
from which its more elongated pileus, shorter stem and different
hymenium at once separate it. Cantharellus cornucopioides Fr.,
Peziza cornucopioides L., Merulius cornucopioides Pers., Merulius
purpureus With. and Helvella cornucopioides Scop. are ancient
synonyms.
Craterellus dubius Pk.
Doubtful Craterellus.
Pileus thin, infundibuliform or subtubséform, subfibrillose, dark-
brown or lurid-brown, pervious, the margin generally wavy and
46 BULLETIN N. ¥Y. STATE MUSEUM.
lobed ; hymenium dark-cinereous and rugose when moist, the obscure
crowded irregular wrinkles abundantly anastomosing, nearly even
and paler when dry ; stem short, hollow, colored like the hymenium ;
spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .0002
to .00025 in. broad.
Plant single or cespitose, 2 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 2 in. broad,
stem about 2 lines thick.
Ground under spruce trees. Adirondack mountains. August.
This very rare species has not been found by us since its discovery
in Keene Valley, Essex county, in 1877. It is closely related to C.
cornucopioides, from which its shorter more funnel-shaped_pileus,
longer paler stem and smaller spores will distinguish it. It is also
apparently similar to C. sénwosus and C. crispus, and both it and
they may yet prove to be different forms of one very variable species.
In all of our specimens the pileus is pervious and the stem hollow
to the base. This last character will distinguish the species from
both those mentioned. In some specimens the pileus is much lobed
or multifid on the margin. The hymenium is darker colored and
much more rugose or uneven when moist than it is when dry. In
the dried specimens it is pale-cinereous, often with a tinge of yellow,
and its color extends to the base of the stem. The darker color of
the pileus is continued downwards in the cavity of the stem. In
general appearance this species corresponds more closely to Can-
tharellus cinereus than does C. cornucopioides, which is sometimes
compared with that species.
Craterellus lutescens FY.
Yellowish Craterellus.
Pileus thin, submembranous, varying from convex and umbilicate
to tubiform or funnel-shaped, often becoming pervious, yellowish,
dingy-yellow or brownish, the margin frequently lobed, wavy or irregu-
lar; hymenium nearly even or distinctly and sometimes densely rugose-
wrinkled, yellow ; stem rather slender, subflexuous, glabrous, hollow,
yellow ; spores subelliptical, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00025 to .0003 »
in. broad.
Plant single or gregarious, occasionally ceespitose, 2 to 3 in. high,
pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 3 lines thick.
Moist places in woods and swamps. Sandlake and Helderberg
mountains. July and August.
a
SPECIES OF CRATERELLUS. 47
This species corresponds closely in size, color and general appear-
ance to Cantharellus infundibuliformis, from which it is not readily
distinguished except by its hymenium, which is neither pruinose nor
furnished with distinct lamelle, though its vein-like wrinkles some-
times make a close approach to the narrow lamelle of that Chanta-
relle. It is commonly compared with Cantharellus tubceeformis, with
which, according to Fries, it was formerly confused, and to which
it corresponds very closely by reason of its naked yellow hymenium.
The pileus of the European plant is described as ‘ floeculose,” but
in our plant it is usually almost glabrous or but slightly fibrillose,
The hymenium is sometimes slightly reddish or orange-tinted and the
stem is colored like it rather than like the pileus. In small or young
plants it is not uncommon to find the stem stuffed below and hollow
above only. The base of the stem is frequently hairy or strigose.
Cantharellus lutescens Fr., Merulius lutescens Pers., Merulius
xanthopus Pers., Helvelia tubeformis Scheetf. and Peziza undulata
Bolt. are synonyms of the older works.
Craterellus Cantharellus Schw.
Chantarelle Craterellus.
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, then centrally depressed or infundibuli-
Form, glabrous, yellow or pinkish-yellow, the margin commonly lobed,
wavy or irregular, flesh white; hymenium nearly even or rugose-
wrinkled, yel/ow ; stem glabrous, solid, yellow ; spores subelliptical,
.0003 to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Plant single or -cxspitose, 1.5 to 3 in. high, pileus 1.5 to 3 in.
broad, stem 3 to 5 lines thick.
Thin woods and bushy places. Sandlake. August.
So closely does this plant resemble the edible Chantarelle, both
in size, shape and color, that it would be natural to suppose it a form
of that species with an undeveloped or abnormally developed hyme- °
nium. Its color is a vitelline or egg-yellow, as in that species, but
sometimes there is a slight pinkish tinge to the pileus and a faint shade
of salmon color or orange to the hymenium. The spores also, when
collected on white paper, have a yellowish or salmon-yellow tint.
The plant is more frequently ceespitose than Cantharellus cibarius,
and consequently the pileus is generally more irregular. It was
placed by Schweinitz in the genus Thelephora, section CRATERELLA&,
whence the synonym Thelephora Cantharellus Schw. In Grevillea,
vol. 1, p. 147, this name is given as a synonym of Crateredlus late-
48 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
rittus B., which is described as ‘‘ brick-red ” with a deeply umbilicate
pileus. I have seen no such forms of our plant and hesitate to adopt
the opinion there expressed. The species appears to be peculiar
to this country.
Craterellus clavatus Pers.
Pileus fleshy, soft, clavate or narrowly obconic, turbinate, truncate
or slightly depressed, nearly glabrous, yellowish, flesh white ; hyme-
nium slightly corrugated or rugose-wrinkled, dudl-purplish or brownish
éncarnate ,; stem short, solid, pallid or yellowish ; spores subelliptical,
.0004 to .0005 in. long, .0002 to .0003 in. broad.
Plant 2 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 3 to 6 lines thick.
Hemlock woods. Brewerton. September. Rare.
This species has not been found by me since its discovery in our
State in 1878. Its corresponding species among the Chantarelles
is Cantharellus brevipes. Its resemblance to Clavaria pistillarés is also
noticeable. The pileus is sometimes slightly uneven or rugose, and
its margin is rather obtuse and sometimes crenately irregular. The
color of the hymenium is a peculiar mixture of pink, brown, lilac
and purple, which is not easy to define. It sometimes approaches
a pale-liver color. Fries describes it as passing from violet-flesh color
to fuliginous and umber-brown. ‘These variations in the color of the
hymenium have given rise to various synonyms; for example, Meruw-
lius violaceus Pers., Merulius purpurascens Pers., Merulius carneus
Pers., and Merulius umbrinus Pers. Other synonyms are Merulius
clavatus Pers., Clavaria truncata Schmidt, and Clavaria elvellovdes
Wulf.
Craterellus coespitosus Pk. is a spurious species and is therefore
omitted.
.
|
|
!
;
NAMES OF NEW YORK PYRENOMYCETOUS FUNGI.
The names by which the following species were formerly known or
reported are given in the right-hand column whenever they differ from
those of the Saccardoan system. The left-hand column contains the
names required by that system.
Perisporiacez,
Podosphera tridactyla De By. Podosphera Kunzei Lev.
'> biuncinata C. & P.
- Spherotheca Castagnei Lev.
8. pruinosa C. & P.
Phyllactinia suffulta Sace. Phyllactinia guttata Lev.
Uncinula adunca Lev.
U. Ampelopsidis Pk.
U. Clintonii Pk.
U. macrospora Pk.
U. flexuosa Pk.
U. geniculata Ger.
U. circinata C. & P.
U. parvula C. & P.
U. luculenta Howe.
U. Americana Howe. Uncinula spiralis B. & C
Microsphera Astragali Trev. Microsphera holosericea Lev.
abbreviata Pk.
Hedwigii Lev.
Dubyi Lev.
Friesii Zev.
penicillata Lev.
Van Bruntiana Ger.
densissima Schw.
Russellii Clinton.
extensa C. & P.
diffusa C. &. P.
pulchra C. & P.
Vaccinii C. & P.
Platani Howe.
Menispermi Howe.
Symphoricarpi Howe.
rysiphe communis Fy.
Martii Lev.
lamprocarpa Lev.
Liriodendri Schw.
Euphorbiw Pk.
Erysiphella aggregata Pk.
Eurotium herbariorum Lk.
Dimerosporium Collinsii Thwm. Spheria Collinsii Schw.
Scorias spongiosa Fr.
2S ER EE EB EERE EEE
to te bb
50 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
Spheeriacez.
Ceelospheeria exilis Sace. Spheria exilis A. & S.
Fracchiza callista B. & C. 8. callista B. & C.
Calospheria Princeps Sel. Valsa pulchella Fr’.
Coronophora oétheca Sace. Spheria odtheca B. & C.
Quaternaria Persoonii Tul. Valsa quaternata F7.
Valsa Pini Fr.
Vitis Fekl.
Alni Pk.
Linders Pk.
subclypeata C. & P.
Americana B. & C.
truncata C. & P.
centripeta FY.
colliculus Wormsk.
Rubi Fehl.
nivea FY.
leucostoma FY.
ambiens Fr.
salicina Fr.
translucens De JVot.
iiakepella Prunastri Sace. Valsa Prunastri Fr.
stellulata Fr.
sdddd4444444545
E. stellulata Sace. Vv.
E. Platani Sace. ¥. Platani Schw.
EK. traxinicola Sace. V. fraxinicola C. & P.
E. tumidula Sace. V. tumidula C. & P.
E. innumerabilis Sace. V. innumerabilis Pk.
Eutypa Acharii Tl. L
E. lata Tul. he :
E. spinosa Tul. Spheria limeformis Schw.
Diatrype disciformis Ff’.
D. Stigma F7.
D. platystoma Berk.
1D; bullata Fr.
D. corniculata B. & Br.
D. asterostoma B. & C.
y); Durizi Mont.
Diatrypella Toccizana De Not. Diatrype Tocciwana De Lot.
D. aspera Nits. D. _—aspera Fr,
2. discoidea C. & P. D discoidea C. & P.
D. betulina Pk. D. betulina Pk.
1, Cephalanthi Sace. D Cephalanthi Schw.
D. prominens Howe. ‘
Ceratostoma rubefaciens Sace. Spheria rubefaciens Pk.
C. piliferum Fk. S. _ piliferum /.
Cheetomium lanosum Pk.
C. funicolum Cke.
C. melioloides C. & P.
C. comatum FY. Cheetomium elatum ze.
Sordaria coprophila C. & D. Hypoxylon coprophilum Fr.
8. fimiseda C. & D. Spheria fimiseda C. & D.
8. amphicornis Ellis. — 8. eximia Pk.
NAMES OF PYRENOMYCETOUS FUNGI.
Sordaria valsoides Sace.
Hypocopra leucoplaca Sace.
Coprolepa fimeti Sacc.
Philocopra canina Sace.
Rosellinia aquila De Not.
Desmazierii Sace.
mutans Sacc.
obtusissima Sacc.
pulveracea Fv.
sordaria Rehm.
hirtissima Sace.
Sites ‘dia fasciculata Fr.
PP Pp Be
Anthostomella Closterium Sace.
A. rostrispora Sacc.
A. smilacinina Sace.
Anthostoma adustum Sace.
A. cercidicolum Sace.
A atropunctatum Sacc.
A.? scoriadeum Sace.
Xylaria polymorpha Grev.
corniformis F’.
grandis Pk.
acuta Pk.
Hypoxylon Grev.
digitata Grev.
graminicola Ger.
filiformis Fr.
Watling vulgaris Twi.
Daldinia concentrica C. & D.
Hypoxylon coccineum Bull.
bd Pd bd bd bd bd bd
H, argillaceum Berk.
H. Howeanum Pk.
H. fuscum Fr.
H. xanthocreas B. & C.
H. coherens F*.
H. perforatum Schw.
H. multiforme F’.
H. Morsei B. & C.
H. serpens Fr.
H. Sassafras Berk.
H. atropurpureum Fr.
ei. rubiginosum F’.
H. fuscopurpureum Berk.
7 smilacicolum Sace.
Nummularia discreta Tul.
N. Bulliardi Tw.
Ceratostomella rostrata Sace.
Gnomoniella tubiformis Sace.
mirabilis Sace:
vulgaris Sacc.
curvicolla Sace.
eccentrica Sacc.
QAAD
| Spheeria valsoides Pk.
v2
8S. leucoplaca B. & R.
S. fimeti Pers.
S. canina Pk.
S. aquila Fr.
S. Desmazierii B. & Br.
S. mutans C. & P.
S. obtusissima B. & C.
Ss. pulveracea Hihrh.
Ss. sordaria Fr.
S. hirtissima Pk.
S. bombarda Batsch.
Ss. Closterium B. & C.
rostraspora Ger.
Ss. smilacinina Pk.
Diatrype adusta C. & P.
D. cercidicola B. & C.
wee atropunctata Schw.
Spheria scoriadea Fr.
Hypoxylon ustulatum Bull.
H. concentricum Bolt.
H. fragiforme Pers.
/
Diatrype smilacicola Schw.
D. discreta Schw.
Hypoxylon nummularia Bull.
| Spheria rostrata Fr.
mm mn wn 1 tn
tubeformis Tode.
mirabilis Pk.
Gnomon Tode.
curvicolla Pk.
eccentrica C. & P.
51
BULLETIN N. ¥.
52
Gnomoniella fimbriata Sacc.
G. Coryli Sacc.
G. melanostyla Sace.
Lestadia carpinea Sacc.
L. fraxinicola Sace.
L. brunnea Sace.
Physalospora minutella Sace.
r. ceanothina Sace.
Trichospheria fissurarum Sace.
ae subcorticalis Sace.
Wallrothiella Arceuthobii Sace.
W. squalidula Sace.
Botryospheria Quercuum Sace.
Cryptosporella leptasca Sace.
C. anomala Sace.
Spherella punctiformis Rabh.
maculiformis Awersw.
spleniata C. & P.
orbicularis Pk.
colorata Pk.
indistincta Pk.
Impatientis P. & C.
Vaccinii Che.
sparsa Auersw.
Sarracenie Sacc.
smilacicola Cke.
. Biewaates Robertiana Fr.
Didymella Spherellula Sace.
D. onosmodina Sace.
Melanopsamma recessa Sace.
M. Papilla Sace.
Bertia moriformis De JVot.
Venturia ditricha Karst.
Clintonii Pk.
compacta Pk.
Kalmiz Ph.
orbicula C. & P.
pulchella C. & P.
Dickiei C. & D.
Myrtilli Che.
ntlotein gyrosa Fkl.
Melanconis stilbostoma Tul.
M. thelebola Sace.
Diaporthe platasca Sace.
acerina Sace.
Woolworthii Sace.
leiphema Sacc.
impulsa Sace.
Crategi Fckl.
bicincta Sace.
oxyspora Sace.
obscura Sace.
sad4<<<
YeyEpesssy
STATE MUSEUM.
Spheria fimbriata Pers.
8. Coryli Batsch.
8. melanostyla Fr.
Spheerella carpinea Fr.
Depazea fraxinicola Curt.
D. brunnea B. & C.
ae ia minutella Pk.
ceanothina Pk.
fissurarum B. & C.
subcorticalis Pk.
Arceuthobii Pk.
squalidula C. & P.
AMelnaareraa Quercuum FY.
Valsa leptasca P. & C.
Diatrype anomala Pk.
Spheria punctiformis Pers.
mn D Dw
S. Sarracenize Schw.
Depazea smilacicola Schw.
Dothidea Robertiana Fr. ;
Spheria Spherellula Pk.
onosmodina P. & C.
recessa C. & P.
Papilla Schw.
moriformis Zode.
Ss. gyrosa Schw.
Valsa stilbostoma FY.
¥: thelebola F’.
Diatrype platasca Pk.
Valsa acerina Pk.
Woolworthii Ph.
leiphema Ff’.
impulsa C. & P.
Crategi Curr.
bicincta C. & P.
oxyspora Pk.
obscura Pk.
sass
NAMES OF PYRENOMYCETOUS FUNGI.
Diaporthe mucronata Sace.
salicella Sace.
spiculosa JVitsch.
aculeata Sace.
racemula Sace.
Desmodii Sace.
exercitalis Sacc.
picea Sace.
Didy mospheeria Parnassize Sace.
Massariella bufonia Speg.
Parodiella perisporioides Speg.
Amphispheria phileura Sace.
A. salebrosa Sace.
A. thujina Sace.
Otthia alnea Sacc.
0. seriata Sace.
Valsaria Peckii Sace.
V« moroides Sace.
Massaria Corni Sace.
M. Argus Tul.
M. vomitoria B. & C.
Leptospheria Doliolum De Not.
subconica Sacc.
viridella Sace.
ramulicola Sace.
scapophila Sace.
sorghophila Sace.
orthogramma Sace.
culmifraga C. & D.
Crepini De Not.
Marcyensis Sacc.
taxicola Sace.
platanicola Sacc.
EPP EEED
HE ee
ey aceest eer’ ia Hendersonie Sace.
Chetospheria leonina Sace.
C. pheostromoides Sace.
Melanomma pulvis-pyrius Fh.
Trematospheria pertusa Fekl.
Sporormia minima Aversw.
Aglaospora profusa Lamb.
Pseudovalsa bicornis Sace.
BP. lancif. v. elliptica Pk.
7, sambucina Sacc.
= hapalocystis Sace.
Melogramma vagans De Not.
Metasphezria Semen Sace.
M. staphylina Sace.
Lasiospheria hirsuta C. & D.
cesariata Sace.
viridicoma Sacc.
canescens Karst.
xestothele Sacc.
Bt
| Valsa mucronata Pk.
Spheeria salicella Fr.
. spiculosa Pers.
aculeata Schw.
Desmodii Pk.
exercitalis Pk.
S. picea Pers.
S. Parnassize Pk.
Massaria bufonia Tw.
8
| S.
Ss. racemula C. & P.
8
S
Spheria perisporioides B. & C.
Ss. phileura C. & P.
S. salebrosa C. & P.
8. thujina Pk.
Cucurbitaria alnea Pk.
C. seriata Pk.
Valsa Peckii Howe.
Diatrype moroides C. & P.
Massaria gigaspora Desm.
Spheria Doliolum Pers.
subconica C. & P.
viridella Pk.
ramulicola Pk.
scapophila Pk.
sorghophila Pk.
orthogramma B. & C.
culmifraga Desm.
Crepini West. {
Marciensis Pk.
taxicola Pk.
platanicola Howe.
Hendersonize Eilis.
leonina C. & P.
phzostromvides Pk.
pulvis-pyrius Pers.
pertusa Pers.
minima Aversw.
Vales profusa Fr.
Melanconis bicornis Che.
M. elliptica Pk.
Valsa sambucina Pk.
¥- hapalocystis B. & Br.
Melogramma Bulliardi Twl.
Spheria Semen C. & P.
Pp
o
o2)
.
DM vs
nn mn
S. staphylina Pk.
8. hirsuta Fr.
8. cesariata C. & P.
S. viridicoma C. & P.
S. canescens Pers.
8. xestothele B. & C.
53
————————
54 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM. 4
Lasiospheria Pezizula Sacc.
L. spermoides C. & D. spermoides Hoff.
L. ovina C. & D. | §. ovina Pers.
Acanthostigma Clintonii Sace. 8. Clintonii Pr.
S
S
Spheria Pezisula 3. 4
s
“
Zignoella exigua Sace. exigua C. & P.
Pleospora herbarum Rabh. herbarum Pers.
Pyrenophora phzeocomes Sace.
Iwella monosperma Sace. S monosperma Pk.
Teichospora obducens Fckl. S. obducens FY.
ii interstitialis Sace. S. interstitialis C. & P.
2 i phellogena Sace. S phellogena B. & C.
Cucurbitaria elongata G'rev. 18 elongata Fr,
C. Berberidis Gray. |
Thyridium Spraguei Sace. | S. Spraguei B. & C.
Fenestella superficialis Sace. _ Melogramma superficialis P. & C.
F. Xanthoxyli Sace. | Valsa Xanthoxyli Pk.
Ophiobolus fulgidus Sace. | Spheria fulgida C. & P.
O. porphyrogonus Sace. 8. rubella Pers.
0. acuminatus Duby. PSs acuminata Sow.
O. Urtice Sace. |S. Urticee Rabh.
Sillia ferruginea Karst. _ Diatrype ferruginea F*.
Cryptospora suffusa Tul. ' | Valsa suffusa Fr.
C. femoralis Sace. iy. femoralis Pk.
C. cinctula Sace. a cinctula C. & P.
C. trichospora Sace. mae trichospora C. & P.
Hypocreacee.
Nectriella mycetophila Sace. Nectria mycetophila Pk.
Melanospora lagenaria F¢kl. Spheria lagenaria Pers.
Hypomyees lateritius Twl. Hypocrea lateritia Fr.
H, Lactifluorum Twl. Hi. Lactifluorum Schw.
H. floccosus Fr. H. floccosa Fr.
H. ochraceus Tl.
H. aurantius Fekl.
H. Van Bruntianus Ger.
HH, polyporinus P&.
HB. transformans Pk.
Hypocrea rufa Fr.
H. Patella C. & P.
H. chromosperma C. & P.
HH. gelatinosa Fr.
H. contorta Schw.
a, Richardsoni B. & M.
citrina Fr.
alutacea C. & D.
apiculata C. & P.
cee Ribis Rabh.
cinnabarina FY.
Celastri Schw.
cucurbitula FY.
sanguinea Fy7,
224224 Bee
NAMES OF PYRENOMYCETOUS FUNGI. 55
Nectria epispheria F’.
N. Peziza Fr.
N. Apocyni Pk.
Gibberella pulicaris Sace.
G. Saubinetii Sace.
Claviceps purpurea Tvl.
Cordyceps pistillarizformis B. & Br.
Cc superticialis Sace.
C ophioglossoides Tl.
C. capitata Dk.
Cc entomorrhiza Fr.
Cc militaris Dk.
Epichloe typhina T'wl.
Hypocrella Hypoxylon Sace.
Spheria pulicaris Pers.
8. Saubinetii Mont.
Cordyceps purpurea Tul.
Torrubia clavulata Schw.
= superticialis Pk.
pd ophioglossoides Tul.
di capitata Fr.
ee entomorrhiza FY.
Epichloe Hypoxylon Pk.
Dothideacez.
2 eagatlg Ulmi Fekl.
Lespedeze Sacc.
graminis Fckl.
Caricis Sacc.
Trifolii Fekl.
flabella Thum.
Pteridis Fchl.
Dalibardz Sace.
epispheeria Sace.
Dothidiella Kalmize Sace.
D. Osmunde Sace.
Plowrightia ribesia Sace.
Pr; morbosa Sace.
Dothidea Sambuci Fr.
D. tetraspora B. & Br.
D. Linder Ger.
Ropographus filicinus Fckl.
R. clayisporus Sace.
ro ts tt bo
Spheria ulmea Schw.
8. Lespedezze Schw.
8. graminis Pers.
Dothidea Caricis F*.
Trifolii Fr.
flabella B. & C.
Pteridis Pers.
Dalibardz Pk.
epispheria Pk.
Kalmize Pk.
Osmunde P. & C.
ribesia Pers.
Spheeri ia morbosa Schw.
POOOOOOY
Dothidea filicina PF’.
Hysterium clavisporum C. & P.
Microthyriacez.
Myiocopron Smilacis Sacc.
| Microthyrium Smilacis De JVot.
Lophiostomacez.
Lophiotrema Spirexe Sacc.
L. Scrophularie Sace.
L. sexnucleatum Sace.
Lophiostoma triseptatum Pk.
prominens Pk.
turritum C. & P.
magnatum C. & P.
macrostomum De Wot.
scelestum Sace.
Lophidiom obtectum Sace.
Pete
Lophiostomum Spire Pk.
L. Scrophularize Pk.
L. sexnucleata Che.
L. obtectum Pk.
56 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
Hysteriacez,
Aulographum subconfluens Pk.
Glonium stellatum Mwhl.
G. parvulum Ger.
G. simulans Ger.
G. hyalospermum Ger.
G. lineare De Wot.
Angelina rufescens Duby.
Hysterium pulicare Pers.
angustatum A. & S.
truncatulum C. & P.
ellipticum Fr.
macrosporum Pk.
Thuiarum C. & P.
magnosporum Ger.
Azaleze Schw.
rimincolum Schw.
Mytilidion tortile Sace.
Dichena faginea Fr.
Gloniopsis australis Sace.
Bt Be ts
Hysterographium Fraxini De Not.
H. insidens Sace.
H. Rousselii Sace.
H. variabile Sace.
H. vulvatum Rehm.
Hypoderma ilicinum De Not.
HB. nervisequum DC.
H Desmazieri Duby.
H. lineare Pk.
Hi. virgultorum DC.
H commune Duby.
H scirpinum DC.
H. Smilacis Rehm.
Lophodermium exaridum C. & P.
maculare De JVot.
hysterioides Sace.
spherioides Duby.
Pinastri Chev.
typhinum Lamb.
aphiat mytilinum FY.
Colpoma morbidum Sace.
C. lacteum Pk.
Acrospermum compressum Tode.
He et
Hysterium lineare FY.
Ascobolus conglomeratus Schw.
Dothidea rimincola Schw.
Hysterium tortile Schw.
australis Duby.
Fraxini Pers.
insidens Schw.
Rousselii De Not.
variabile C. & P.
vulvatum Schw.
ilicinum De iVot.
ose eles a
Rhytisma lineare Pk.
Hysterium commune 7.
scirpinum F7.
Smilacis Schw.
maculare £7.
xylomoides Chev.
spherioides A. & S.
Pinastri Schrad.
typhinum £7.
pt it edt
Triblidium morbidum Pk.
NEW YORK SPECIES OF VISCID BOLETI,
BOLETUS Dill.
Hymenium composed of separable tubes crowded into a porous
stratum, without a trama, distinct and easily separable from the
hymenophore. Mouths of the tubes either porous, round or angular ;
spores normally fusiform, rarely oval or subrotund. Terrestrial, fleshy,
putrescent, centrally stipitate fungt. Many of them valuable for their
edible qualities, a few poisonous. Hym. Europ., p. 495.
This genus is related to Paxillus on one hand and to Polyporus on
the other. It is more accurately limited than many others, but its
species are numerous and less clearly defined. Some are very vari-
able, others are too closely allied to be readily distinguished. Fries
remarks that ‘‘no genus has given me more trouble than that of the
Boleti.” The difficulty is apparently due to the imperfect descrip.
tions given by some authors and to the variability of some species
whose limits have not been well ascertained.
Most of the Boleti grow in the warmest part of the season, and
especially in very warm showery weather. They are scarce in dry
weather. Some species attain a very large size, others exhibit a
singular change of color in their tubes or flesh when cut or bruised.
They are described as terrestrial, yet a few species sometimes occur
also on much decayed wood.
The spores vary in color in different species, but this variation
occurs in closely related species, so that it is not deemed available for
classifying in series as in the genus Agaricus. It is, however, valu-
able as a specific character and should always be noted. Fries has
taken the primary color of the tubes as the distinguishing character
of the series, but the same objection holds in this case as in the
other.
New York is rich in species of this genus. ‘Two sections, LACERI-
pepes Pk. (Torr. Bull. 1883, p. 73) and Hirtipetues Pk. (in. ed.)
are represented, of which no examples appear to have occurred in
Europe. We attempt here an exposition of the species of the Vis-
cipelles, the first section in the Friesian arrangement.
58 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
VISCIPELLES. Pileus covered with a viscose pellicle. Stem solid,
neither bulbous nor reticulated with veins. Tubesadnate to the stem,
rarely sinuate, of one color. AHym. Hurop., p. 496.
In this section the species have the pileus either viscid or glutinous
when moist, and in most of them the viscid pellicle is separable from
the flesh. The flesh, when cut or exposed to the air does not, with
one exception, assume the bluish tints so often seen in some of the
members of other sections, yet in some, dull-pinkish or more obscure
tints appear. In mature piants it generally becomes soft, almost
floccose or cottony in texture. The tubes are mostly adnate or even
slightly decurrent. In rare instances they may be somewhat de-
pressed around the stem. The pores are usually of medium or large
size and frequently angular. The dissepiments are often uneven or
dentate. The mouths are colored like the rest of the tubes. Yellow
or ochraceous hues prevail, but the tubes when young are paler than
when mature. The stem is not distinctly bulbous, is always solid
and generally glabrous or merely dotted. It is annulate in some,
naked in others. In several closely related central species of the
group it, as well as the tubes, exudes, when young, drops of a thick,
gummy fluid, which soon hardens, becomes darker and forms sugary
granules or glandular dots. The color of the spores is by no means
uniform, but it is some shade of ochraceous, ferruginous or brown.
The first and last species here described are exceptional by their
slight viscidity. The first is also exceptional by its universal tomen-
tose-pulverulent veil. Several species are edible. Nearly all occur
in regions inhabited by pine or other coniferous trees, and are want-
ing in localities destitute of these trees.
Synopsis of the Species.
Stem annulate. 1.
Stem not annulate. 6.
1 Cuticle of the pileus red. 2.
1 Cuticle of the pileus not red. 3.
2 Pileus either wholly or on the margin yellow-pulverulent. B. Ravenelii.
2 Pileus squamose. B. spectabilis.
3 Young tubes whitish. B. Elbensis.
3 Young tubes yellow. 4.
4 Stem not dotted. B. Clintonianus.
4 Stem dotted. 5.
5 Stem 5 lines or more thick, annulus not glutinous. B. juteus.
5 Stem less than 5 lines thick, annulus glutinous. B. subluteus.
6 Stem dotted. is
6 Stem not dotted. ‘ 9.
SPECIES OF VISCID BOLETI. 59
7 Pileus yellow. 8.
7 Pileus not clear yellow. B. granulatus.
8 Stem rhubarb color. B. punctipes.
8 Stem yellow, 4 lines or more thick. B. subaureus.
8 Stem generally yellow, less than 4 lines thick. B. Americanus.
9 Pileus bay-brown or chestnut color. 10.
9 Pileus some other color. B. piperatus.
10 Pileus very glutinous, stem very short. B. brevipes.
10 Pileus merely viscid when moist, stem longer. B. badius.
Boletus Ravenelii B. & C.
Ravenel’s Boletus.
Pileus convex or nearly plane, slightly viscid when young or moist,
at first covered with a sulphur-yellow pulverulent tomentum, the disk
at length naked, dull-red, flesh whitish, sometimes with yellowish
strains; tubes at first plane, adnate, pale-yellow, at length yellowish-
brown or umber, sometimes becoming convex and slightly depressed
around the stem, dingy-greenish when bruised, medium size, subro-
tund ; stem nearly equal, clothed and colored like the young pileus,
yellow within, with a slight somewhat evanescent tomentose annulus ;
spores ochraceous-brown, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .0002 to .00025
broad.
Plant solitary, rarely ceespitose, pileus 1 to 3 in. broad, stem 1.5 to
4 in. long, 3 to 6 lines thick.
Woods and copses. Rensselaer, Saratoga and Fulton counties.
This is a very distinct and beautiful species. Mr. Ravenel remarks
in his notes that ‘this plant is not infested by larvee, and preserves
more constant characters than any other Boletus with which I am
acquainted.” The webby powdered filaments constitute a universal
veil, which at first covers the whole plant and conceals the young
tubes. As the pileus expands, the veil generally disappears from the
disk and ruptures between the margin and the stem, a part adhering
to each. In consequence of the peculiar veil and the slight viscidity
of the pileus the species does not harmonize well with the associated
species, and but for the slight annulus it might as well be placed near
BL. piperatus. The annulus is sometimes stained by the spores.
These, when caught on white paper, at first appear to have a slight
greenish tint.
Boletus spectabilis Ps.
Showy Boletus.
Pileus broadly convex, at first covered with a red tomentum, then
squamose, viscid when moist, red, the tomentose scales becoming
grayish-red, brownish or yellowish, flesh whitish or pale-yellow ; tubes
60 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
at first yellow, concealed by a reddish glutinous membrane, then
ochraceous, convex, /arge, angular, adnate ; stem nearly equal, annu-
late, yellow above the annulus, red or red with yellow stains below ;
spores purplish-brown, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .00025 to .00028 broad.
Pileus 2 to 5 in. broad, stem 3 to 5 in. long, 4 to 6 lines thick.
Thin woods in swamps. Adirondack mountains. August.
This rare and showy species is at present known only from two
localities, North Elba, where it was first discovered in 1869, and at
Jacksons, near Cedar river, where it occurred in 1878. When cut
the flesh emits a strong, unpleasant odor. Wounds of the flesh, made
by insects or small animals, had a_ bright-yellow color. When
young, the tomentose veil covers the whole plant, but it soon breaks
up into scales on the pileus, and partly or wholly disappears from the
stem. The color of the spores is darker than in any of the other
species of this section.
Boletus Elbensis Pk.
Elba Boletus.
Pileus gibbous or convex, smooth, viscid when moist, dingy-gray -
or pinkisk-gray, obscurely virgate-spotted, flesh white ; tubes at first
whitish, nearly plane, adnate or slightly decurrent, rather large, an-
gular, becoming dingy or brownish-ochraceous ; stem nearly equal,
annulate, whetish above the annulus, colored like the pileus below,
sometimes slightly reticulated at the apex by the decurrent walls of
the tubes ; spores ferruginous-brown, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00016
to .0002 broad. |
Plant subgregarious, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 3 to 5 in. long,
4 to 6 lines thick. )
Thin woods of larch, spruce and balsam, Adirondack mountains.
July to September.
This species is so closely related to the European B. laricinus, that
it might almost be regarded as a variety of that species. I have
separated it because of its smooth pileus and stem. I have never
seen the former squamose, nor the latter scrobiculate. From JB.
viscidus it differs decidedly in its coloration.
Boletus Clintonianus Pk.
Clinton’s Boletus.
Pileus thick, convex, very viscid or glutinous. smooth, soft, shining,
varying in color, golden-yellow, reddish yellow or chestnut-color, the
margin thin, flesh pale-yellow, becoming less bright or dingy on ex-
posure to the air; tubes nearly plane, adnate or subdecurrent, small,
SPECIES. OF VISCID BOLETI. 61
angular or subrotund, pale-yellow when young, becoming dingy-
ochraceous, changing to purplish-brown where bruised ; stem equal
or slightly thickened at the base, straight or flexuous, annulate,
yellow at the apex, elsewhere reddish or reddish-brown, sometimes
stained with yellow, slightly reticulate at the apex by the decurrent
walls of the tubes, annulus whitish or yellow, persistent, forming a
thick tomentose band about the stem; spores brownish-ochraceous,
.0004 to .00045 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Plant single or rarely ceespitose, pileus 2 to 5 in. broad, stem 2 to
5 in. long, 4 to 9 lines thick.
Mossy ground in woods and grassy ground in open places ; gener-
ally under or near larch trees.
This fine species is apparently the American analogue of the Euro-
pean £. elegans, from which it differs in its generally darker color,
in its persistent, not fugacious, annulus, and in its stem, which is not
at all dotted, either above or below the annulus. It is edible, and
has a mild taste in the fresh uncooked state. It has occurred once
in Washington Park, Albany, near some larch trees, with which it was
probably introduced.
Boletus luteus L.
Yellow-brown Boletus.
Pileus gibbous or convex, sometimes nearly plane, viscid or glutin-
ous when moist, virgate-spotted, yellowish-brown, flesh white or yel-
lowish ; tubes small, simple, adnate, at first pale-yellow, then dingy-
ochraceous ; stem séout, rather short, annulate, rough with dots and
yellowish above the ring, brownish-white or yellowish below, the annu-
lus large, membranous, whitish or brownish-white ; spores ochraceo-
ferruginous, nearly fusiform, .0003 in. long, .00015 broad.
Gregarious or rarely subceespitose, pileus 2 to 5 in. broad, stem
1 to 2 in. long, 5 to 8 lines thick.
Under pine trees, Pinus sylvestris. Menands. October.
This is the: only instance in which I have observed this species in our
State. Possibly it may have been introduced in this place with the
young pines under which it was growing. Its annulus is very conspicu-
ous. Itissometimes torn and partly adherent in fragments to the mar-
gin of the pileus. In short-stemmed specimens it extends downwards
and covers the lower part of the stem like a sheath, resembling in this
respect the western Boletus spherosporus, a related species. In other
specimens it forms a broad band with the upper margin widely spread-
ing. In the dried specimens the pileus has assumed a dull-brownish
or reddish-brown hue. The plant is edible.
62 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
Boletus subluteus x. sp.
Small Yellowish Boletus.
Pileus convex or nearly plane, viscid or glutinous when moist,
sometimes obscurely virgate-spotted, dingy-yellowish inclining to fer-
ruginous-brown, flesh whitish varying to dull-yellowish ; tubes plane
or convex, adnate, small, subrotund, yellow, becoming ochraceous ;
stem equal, s/ender, annulate, pallid or yellowish, marked both above
and below the annulus with reddish or brownish glandular dots, annu-
Jus submembranous, g/udénous, at first concealing the tubes, then co/-
lapsing and forming a narrow whitish or brownish band about the
stem ; spores ochraceo-ferruginous, subfusiform, .0003 to .0004 in.
long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Solitary or gregarious, pileus 1.5 to 3 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 2.5 in,
long, 2 to 4 lines thick.
Sandy soil in pine woods or groves. Albany and Lewis counties.
September and October.
In the Twenty-third Report this fungus was referred as an aber-
rant form to BL. Juteus, which it much resembles in its general char-
acters. But I find it so constant in its peculiar features that I am
disposed to regard it as a distinct species. It differs from B. luteus
in its smaller size, more slender stem and glutinous collapsing annu-
lus. This never extends downwards so as to sheathe the lower part of
the stem, but forms a narrow band with scarcely any spreading
margin. Besides the stem is conspicuously dotted both above and
below the annulus. The markings of the pileus in this species, B.
luteus and B. Hlbensis are similar and resemble little patches of innate
brownish fibrils. The species is probably edible, but I have not
tested it.
Boletus Americanus 2. sp.
American Boletus.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, soft, very viscid or glutinous
when moist, slightly tomentose on the margin when young, soon
glabrous or slightly squamose on the margin, rarely wholly squamose-
spotted from the drying of the gluten, pale-yellow, becoming dingy
or less bright with age, sometimes vaguely dotted or streaked with
bright-red, flesh pale-yellow, less clear or pinkish-gray on exposure
to the air; tubes plane or convex, adnate, rather large, angular,
pale-yeilow, becoming sordid-ochraceous ; stem slender, equal or
slightly tapering upwards, firm, not at all annulate, yellow, sometimes.
pallid or brownish toward the base, marked with numerous brown or
SPECIES OF VISCID BOLETI. 63
reddish-brown glandular dots, yellow within; spores ochraceo-fer-
ruginous, oblong or subfusiform, .00035 to .00045 in. long, .00016
to .0002 broad.
Gregarious, pileus 1 to 3 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 2.5 in. long, 2 to 4
lines thick. .
Under or near pine trees in woods and open places. Very com-
mon. July to October.
This is one of our most common species. It is generally associated
with B. granulatus, from which it is easily distinguished by its thinner
pileus, yellow color and more slender stem. As in that and other
related species, the stem and tubes exude drops of a turbid milk or
juice which hardens and forms the glandular dots seen on them.
These are sometimes so numerous that they become confluent. By
them and the viscidity of the pileus in this and allied species the
fingers become stained in handling the fresh plants. The species is
closely related to the European B. flavidus, to which our plant has
commonly been referred by American mycologists, and under which
name it stands in the Twenty-third Report. I am satisfied by more
recent investigation that it should be kept distinct, inasmuch as it
constantly differs in the character of the veil and the dots of the
stem. In B. flavidus the stem is described as sprinkled with fuga-
cious glandules above the merely viscous annulus. In B. Americanus
the stem is dotted from top to base with persistent glandules, there
is NO appearance of an annulus on it and the veil is somewhat. to-
mentose on the margin of the young pileus. The plant has a slight
subacid odor which is perceptible even in the dried specimens. The
mycelium is white.
Boletus subaureus Pk.
Pale-golden Boletus.
Pileus convex, becoming nearly plane, soft, viscose, pale-vellow or
golden-yellow, sometimes adorned with darker spots or small tufts of
hairs, the margin in the young plant slightly grayish-tomentose,
flesh pale-yellow ; tubes small or medium size, somewhat angular,
adnate or subdecurrent, pale-yellow, becoming dingy-ochraceous ;
stem equal, stout, glandular-dotted. yellow without and within ; spores
ochraceous-brown, oblong or subfusiform, .00035 to .0004 in. long,
-00016 broad.
Plant gregarious or rarely ciespitose, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem
1.5 to 2.5 in. long, 4 to 6 lines thick.
64 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM,
Thin woods. Albany and Saratoga counties. July to October.
This species resembles L. Americanus in color, but differs from it
in its thicker pileus, stouter stem and differently colored spores.
These have nearly the same color as those of B. Raveneliz. In its
more robust habit it approaches B. granulatus. The minute hairy
squamules of the pileus are a peculiar feature, but they are not
always present. The glandular dots occur also on the tubes.
Boletus punctipes Pk.
Punctate-stemmed Boletus.
Pileus convex or nearly plane, glutinous when moist, yellow, the
thin margin at first minutely grayish-pulverulent, becoming recurved
with age ; tubes short, nearly plane, adnate, small, subrotund, at first
brownish, becoming sordid-ochraceous; stem rather long, tapering
upwards, not annulate, glandular-dotted, rhubarb-yellow ; spores
.00035 to .0004 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Plant gregarious, pileus 2 to 3 in. broad, stem 2 to 3 in. long, 3 to
5 lines thick.
Woods. Gansevoort, Saratoga county. August. }
The rhubarb-colored stem and the brownish color of the young
hymenium are the distinguishing features of this species. The granu-
lations occur also on the tubes. The species is a rare one, having
been found but once. .
Boletus‘ albus Pk.
White Boletus.
Pileus convex, viscid when moist, whzte, flesh white or yellowish ;
tubes plane, rather small or medium size, subrotund, adnate, whitish,
becoming yellow or ochraceous ; stem equal or slightly tapering down-
wards, not annulate, both it and the tubes glandular-dotted, white,
sometimes tinged with pink towards the base ; spores ochraceous, sub-
fusiform, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .00016 broad. |
Plant gregarious or subceespitose, pileus 1.5 to 3 in. broad, stem
1.5 to 3 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Pine or hemlock woods. Saratoga county and Adirondack moun-
tains. August to October.
This species is easily known by its white pileus, This, however,
becomes dark-colored or brown in drying. The fresh plant sometimes
has a peculiar fetid odor, but it does not appear to be constant.
Boletus Boudiert Q. is a closely related European species. Another
European species bears the name Boletus albus Gillet, but the name
of the American plant, which was published in 1873, has priority.
SPECIES OF VISCID BOLETI. 65
Boletus granulatus ZL.
Granulated Boletus.
Pileus thick, convex or nearly plane, very viscid or glutinous
when moist, variable in color, pinkish-gray, reddish-brown, yellowish,
tawny-ferruginous or brownish, tlesh white or tinged with yellow ;
tubes nearly plane, adnate, sma//, at first whitish or very pale-yellow,
becoming dingy-ochraceous ; stem subequal, rather short, not annu-
lute, both it and the tubes marked with glandular dots, whitish or
pallid, sometimes yellowish ; spores ochraceo-ferruginous, subfusiform,
.0003 to .00035 in. long, .00016 broad.
Plant gregarious, pileus 1.5 to 3 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long,
4 to 6 lines thick.
Woods, especially of pine, and in open places. Very common.
July to October.
The pileus in this species is very variable in color, but it is never
wholly white as in the preceding species. Its stem is often dotted to
the base, but the dots or granules are generally more numerous and
distinct on the upper part. Thisand B. Boudier? appear to be the
only European species with exannulate glandular-dotted stems. If
we have correctly valued our forms, New York alone has five such
species. It is true, they are closely related to each other, and might
be regarded by some as mere varieties of a single extremely variable
species, but to me the distinguishing characters here given appear to
be constant and decisive. |
B. granulatus is recorded as edible by most authors. I have not
tested it. Gillet remarks that it ought to be regarded at least with
suspicion. J. collinitus in the Twenty-third Report, B. flavorufus
Scheetf., B. Jactifluus Sow. and B. céircénans Pers. are synonyms.
Boletus brevipes Pk.
Short-Stemmed Boletus.
Pileus thick, convex, covered with a thick, tough gluten when young
or moist, dark-chestnut color, sometimes fading to dingy-tawny, the
margin inflexed, flesh white or tinged with yellow ; tubes short, nearly
plane, adnate, small, subrotund, at first whitish, then yellowish,
becoming dingy-ochraceous ; stem very short, not annulate, whitish,
not dotted or rarely with a few very minute and inconspicuous
dots at the apex ; spores subfusiform, .0003 in. long, .00012 broad.
Solitary or gregarious, pileus 1.5 to 2.5 in. broad, stem .5 to 1 in.
long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Sandy soil in pine woods. Albany county. October.
Fig.
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21.
EXPLANATION OF , PLATE
Ombrophila rubella Quel.
Fragment of bark bearing the fungus.
A plant and its matrix magnified.
A branched filament bearing four clusters of spores magnified.
Five spores, X 400.
Geoglossum vitellinum Byres.
Five plants of various forms.
Three asci; two containing spores and two united below.
Four spores, X 400. .
Periconia albiceps Pk.
Piece of a stem bearing the fungus.
Two plants magnified.
Filaments of the head; two of them hearing spores, X 400.
Four spores, X 400.
Helotium fraternum Pk
A petiole bearing four examples of the fungus.
Two plants magnified.
A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores, X 400.
Three spores, X 400. '
Acremonium flexuosum Pk.
A piece of wood bearing the fungus.
Branching filaments ; one of them bearing two spores, X 400.
Three spores, X 400.
Morchella angusticeps Px.
A plant of medium size.
Two undeveloped asci; one containing crowded nuclei, & 400.
An ascus containing spores, X 400.
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EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Ombrophila rubella Quel.
Fragment of bark bearing the fungus.
A plant and its matrix magnified.
A branched filament bearing four clusters of spores magnified.
Five spores, X 400.
Geoglossum vitellinum Bres.
Five plants of various forms.
Three asci; two containing spores and two united below. |
Four spores, X 400. :
Periconia albiceps Pk.
Piece of a stem bearing the fungus.
Two plants magnified.
Filaments of the head ; two of them bearing spores, & 400.
Four spores, X 400.
Helotium fraternum Pk
A petiole bearing four examples of the fungus.
Two plants magnified.
A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores, X 400.
Three spores, X 400.
Acremonium flexuosum Pk.
A piece of wood bearing the fungus.
Branching filaments ; one of them bearing two spores, X 400.
Three spores, X 400.
Morchella angusticeps Pk.
A plant of medium size. .
Two undeveloped asci; one containing crowded nuclei, « 400.
An ascus containing spores, K 400.
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. Aspore, X 400.
‘Peziza leucobasis Pk.
A piece of wood bearing the fungus.
A plant magnified.
A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores, X 400.
Peziza orbicularis Pk.
A plant and its matrix.
A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores, X 400.
Three spores, X 400. '
Gorgoniceps turbinata Sace.
Piece of a branch bearing the fungus.
A plant magnified.
A naraphysis and an ascus containing spores, X 400.
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Glomerularia Corni Pk.
A leaf spotted by the fungus.
Short branching flocci, & 400.
Klocci and spores, X 400.
A mass of adhering spores, X 400.
A single spore, X 400.
Peziza longipila Pk.
Piece of a stem bearing the fungus.
Two plants magnified.
A hair from the cup, X 400.
A paraphysis and two asci containing spores, X 400.
Five spores, X 400.
Boletus rubinellus Pk.
A plant of medium size.
Vertical section of a pileus and upper part of the stem.
Four spores, X 400.
Collybia hygrophoroides Pk.
A young plant.
An older plant with the pileus more expanded.
Vertical section of a pileus and upper part of the stem.
Five spores, X 400.
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