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BIOLOGY
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE II
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS III
JOSfi CUATRECASAS
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 27, NUMBER 2
Published by
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE II
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS III
JOSfi CUATRECASAS
NOV 2 1 ISCi
C.'ilVL'iC-rY Or ILLINOIS
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 27, NUMBER 2
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
NOVEMBER 9, 1951
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
INTRODUCTION
The second instalment of this series includes descriptions of new
species and comments concerning the taxonomic status of Andean
Senecioneae. The material \ised in this study represents collections
found in the Herbarium of Chicago Natural History Museum, United
States National Herbarium (Smithsonian Institution), New York Botani-
cal Garden, and Gray Herbarium. I want to express my sincere thanks
to the curators of these institutions for having given me the oppor-
tunity to study these interesting plants.
Some synonyms and new combinations presented in this paper are
necessitated by the transfer of the species of Culcitium to Senecio
proposed by me in the first part of this series (same vol. pages 43-51).
Several new names published in that paper are herewith corrected.
In a first attempt to classify the Andean Senecios in natural sub-
divisions, it was necessary to create new sections for a better under-
standing of the genus as found in that area and to redefine 'three
sections I had established previously. The new sections described
below are: Ledifolium, Abietoides, Vacinioides, Arbutoides, Erico-
ides, Triana, Granata, Macbrideus, Praegynoxys, Paragynoxys, Den-
drophorbium, Hypsobates, and C ulc itiops is . Sections Reflexus Cuatr.,
Culcitium (HBK) Cuatr., and Latiflorus Cuatr., are redefined.
The paper begins with descriptions of new species of Gynoxys
(mostly Peruvian and Bolivian). These are followed by an account of
Senecio in northern South America (mostly Colombia), by miscellane-
ous nomenclatural and taxonomical notes, and by new or noteworthy
species of Senecio from Peru and Bolivia. The new sections are
treated at the end. The arrangement of the species is according to
their taxonomic affinities. This manuscript was finished in November
1950.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II
Gynoxys subamplectens Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramosus vel scandens. Ramuli tortuosi terminales tomentu-
losi demum glabrati.
Folia opposita coriacea breviter petiolata. Petiolus 2-4 mm. longus
dense tomentosus. Lamina late lanceolata basi lata rotundata pro-
funde emarginata apice acuta mucronata, margine subintegra, remote
mucronato-dentata, 5-9 cm. longa, 1.3-3 cm. lata, supra glaberrima
viridis subnitens, costa bene signata, nervis lateralibus ascendendbus
cum nervulis venulisque elevatum reticulum formantibus; subtus ad-
presse tomento luteolo vel cinerascente obtecta, nervis mediano
prominenti lateralibus 8 paribus ascendentibus et nervulis paulo
cons pic uis.
Inflorescentiae terminales basi foliosae cymoso-paniculatae flori-
bundae. Ramuli dense hirtulo-tomentosi inferiores plus minusve
curvati. Rracteae lineares vel lanceolatae 10 mm. longae, sursum 4
mm. longae subtus tomentellae, supra glabratae. Pedicelli teneres
usque ad 12 mm. longi, plus minusve flexuosi dense hirsuto-tomentosi
apicem versus 1-2 bracteis apice 4-5 bracteolis angirste linearibus
1-2 mm. longis hirsutulis ad modum calyculum dispositis.
Capitula radiata (4-6 ligulis, 13-17 tubulis). Involucrum campanu-
latum saepe 8 bracteis 6 mm. longis, exterioribus elliptico-oblongis
acutis 1.5 mm. lads extus tomentellis, interioribus ovato-ellipticis 3
mm. lads margine glabra late scariosa tantum dorso medio tomentello-
puberulo omnibus apicem versus violaceo-rubescentibus glabratis.
Flores feminei ligulati lutei circa 11 mm. longi, tubo corollae 3-4.5
mm. longo apicem versus sparse piloso vel glabrato, lamina ellipdca
vel elliptic o-oblonga circa 7 mm. longa 2-3 mm. lata 4 nerviis notatis,
tridentata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi lutei 7-8 mm. longi
glabri, tubulo 2.5-35 mm. longo angusto, limbo tubuloso-campanulato
apice profunde 5 dentato dentibus acutis; antheris 3.2 mm. longis;
rami stigma tici apice conici caudato-penicillati. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus stramineus 7-8 mm. longus pilis sericeis hirtulo-scabridis.
Type: Peru, Depart. Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de
Cusilluyoc 3800-3900 m. alt., bushy banks of paramo, collect. F. W.
Pennell 13825. "Climbing shrub, flowers yellow." (F., US.) Cotype,
same place: Pennell 13853. (F., US.)
Gynoxys subamplectens is easily distinguished by its almost sessile
leaves which are emarginate and amplexicaul. The inflorescence is
dense and large, the phyllaries are fairly tomentose, large and vio-
laceous toward their tips. The ligules often bear a rudimentary su-
perior lip.
2 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Gjnoxys Metcalfii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex 1.4 m. alta, ramis plus minusve flexuosis, ramuli subtetra-
goni striati tomentosi vetustioribus gradatini glabratis.
Folia opposita subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus circiter 12 mm.
longus robustus curvatus supra sulcatus infra striatus tomentosus.
Lamina ovato-oblonga basi profunde eraarginato-cordata apice an-
gustata obtusiuscula abrupte breviterque mucronulata; margine laevis
vel obsolete repando-denticulata, 12.5 cm. longa, 5-6 cm. lata; supra
viridis juventutis sparse pilis munita, demum nervo medio impresso
hirsuculo excepto glabrata, nervis secundariis circa 12 utroque letere
prominulis nervulis tertiis reticulatis conspicue elevatis; subtus
ochraceo-viridula, crasso tomento laxo lanato induta, nervo medio
elevato, secundariis plus minusve manifestis reliquis obsoletis.
Inflorescentia cymoso-paniculata terminalis tantum basi foliosa,
foliis valde brevibus (ad 2-3.5 cm. longis). Ramuli angusti erecti vel
parce f lexuosi, crispo-hirsutulo-tomentosi, bracteis lanceolatis, superne
anguste linearibus 3-5 mm. longis tomentellis flexuosis muniti. Pedf-
celli subteneres 7-18 mm. longi 2-4 bracteis munitis et apice 3-4
alteras bracteolas ad modum calyculum dispositas ferentes.
Capitula radiata plerumque 6 ligulis, 16 tubulis. Involucrum tubu-
loso-campanulatum 8 bracteis biseriatis 8 mm. longis, exterioribus
oblongis acutiusculis 2 mm. latis laxe floccoso-hirtulo-tomentellis,
interioribus elliptic o-oblongis, 3 mm. latis tantum dorso tomentellis
marginibus late scariosis glabris. Flores feminei flavi ligulati, 17-18
mm. longi, tubulo capillari 6 mm. longo glabro lamina elliptico-oblonga
circa 12 mm. longa 4-4.2 mm. lata apice abrupte breviterque 3-dentata,
4 nervis conspicuis. Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi lutei,
corolla 9 mm. longa glabra, tubulo 4.5 mm. longo limbo tubuloso ampli-
ato, dentibus lineari-triangularibus 1 mm. longis. Stylus exsertus
stigmatibus conicis elongato-penicillatis. Ovaria glabra, pappis circa
10 mm. longis stramineis pilis sericeis hirtulo-scabridis.
Type: Peru: Dept. Puno, prov. Sandia: near Limbani, 3200-3450 m.
alt., moist shaded places, rocky soil, much fog. On mountain-side,
collect. R. D. Metcalf 30529. "Perennial herb 1.4 met. bracts yellow-
green, brown at tips; ray and disc fls. yellow." (US.)
Gynoxys Metcalfii is characterized by its cordate, subamplexicaul
leaves borne on short petioles. It differs from G. subamplectens by
the softer and abundant tomentum on the lower surface of its leaves,
by the longer hairs on its inflorescence, larger, oval leaves, longer
petioles and pedicels, and larger involucres and flowers.
Gynoxys huasahuasis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, rarais terminalibus flexuosis leviter striatis
glabris vel subglabris.
Folia chartacea opposita petiolata. Petiolus 6-12 mm. longus,
teneris pubescens vel glaber. Lamina ovata basi profunde cordata
apice angustata acuta, marginibus crenato-dentata, 4-5.5 cm. longa,
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II
2-3 cm. lata; utrinque viridis, supra nervo medio paulo irapresso pu-
berulo excepto, glabra, nervis lateralibus parce conspicuis nervulisque
reticulum minutum depressum formantibus; subtus minutissime puberu-
la, costa eminenti, nervis lateralibus 5-6 utroque letere prominulis,
nervulis paulo prominulis reticulatis.
Inflorescentia pluriflora terminalis cymoso-paniculata, ramulis bra-
chiatis pubescentibus. Bracteis linearibus angustis ciliatis 2-4 mm.
longis. Pedicelli graciles 5-10 mm. longi puberuli, apice 5-6 bracteo-
lis linearibus acutis 2-3 mm. longis ad modum calyculi. Capitula
radiata. Involucrum 13 bracteis oblongis apice acutatis glabris viridi-
bus in sicco pallescentibus, 5.5-6 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis. Flores
marginales feminei ligulati circa 7, corolla lutea, tubulo 3-5 mm.
longi, lamina 5-6 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata. Flores disci hermaphroditi
circa 18, corolla lutea 7.5-8 mm. longa, tubulo 3 mm. limbo campanu-
lato 5-dentato, dentibus papillosis 1 mm. longis. Antherae basi ob-
tusae. Stigmata apice subtruncata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sordido-
a Ibid us.
Type: Peru: Dist. Huasahuasi, 2900 m. alt. Bushy plant growing in
the ravine. Leaves middle-tone green. Fl. yellow. Does not seem to
be common. Collect. 29-IV-1940 Felix Woytkowski 37. (F.)
Gynoxys huasahuasis is closely related to G. Vargasi Cabrera but
differs by being glabrate and having shorter, ovate-acute, irregularly
dentate leaves which have fewer nerves, shorter ligules, and longer
pedicels. According to the original description, the branchlets and
lower side of the leaves of C. Vargasi are ochraceous tomentose.
Gynoxys Macfrancisci Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ad 2 m.alt.,ramis flexuosis terminalibus cinereo adpresseque
tomentosis.
Folia opposita subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus 2-4 cm. longus,
erectus vel flexuosus striatus supra sulcatus, adpresse tomentosus.
Lamina ovato-oblonga vel ovato lanceolata, basi truncata vel emargi-
nato-rotundata asymmetrica, apice angustata acutiuscula, margine
remote mucronato-dentata, 10-15 cm. longa, 25-55 cm. lata; supra
nervo medio impresso puberulo reliqua glabra nervis secundariis
patulis prominulis, nervulis venulisque in minutum reticulum argute
elevatum anastomosantibus; subtus pallide viridi-cinerea tomento pilis
crispo-lanatis densis adpressis omnino tecta, costa prominenti, nervis
secundariis 10-14 utroque latere patulis marginem versus arcuatis
anastomosatis plus minusve prominulis, reticulo nervulorum laxo
paulo visibili vel inconspicuo.
Inflorescentiae cymoso-paniculatae compositae terminales valde
floriferae plus minusve flexuosae basi foliatae, ramis adpresse to-
mentosis cinereis, erectis vel flexuosis. Bracteae numerosae ovato-
lanceolatae hirtulo-tomentulosae 20-10 mm. longae 4-2.5 mm. latae.
Pedicelli teneres tomentelli 8-14 mm. longi bracteolis linearibus 5-7
mm. longis extus tomentellis muniti, 3-4 superne ad modum calyculi
4 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
dispositis.
Capitula radiata involucre subcarapanulato 8 bracteis tenuis 7 ram.
longis, obtusiusculis exterioribus 2 mm. latis extus tomentellis,
margine glabris, interioribus 3 mm. latis linea media toraentella reliquo
scarioso glabro. Flores feminei ligulati lutei vulgo 5, 12-13 mm. longa
tubulo capillari 5 mm. longo glabro, lamina oblonga circa 8 mm. longa,
2.5-3 mm. lata, 4-nervis, apice obtusiuscule 2-3 dentata. Flores
centrales tubulosi lutei corolla 7 mm. longa glabra, apice 5-dentata
dentibus anguste triangularibus acutis 1.2 mm. longis. Stylus glaber
exsertus stigmatibus subtruncatis papilloso-pencillatis, plus minusve
lateraliter caudatis. Ovarium glabrum. Papus circa 7 mm. longus
stramineus hirtulo-scabridus.
Type: Peru: Yanano, about 6000 feet, collect. J. Francis Macbride
3747. "6 ft. shrub of sunny thickets." (US., F.)
Gynoxys Macfrancisci is distinguished by its large, subcoriaceous
leaves which are borne on long petioles, delicate and prominently
reticulate on the upper side and pulverulent-tomentose on the lower.
The inflorescences are large and pendulous the pedicels thin and
fairly long, the bracteoles are numerous on branchlets and peduncles,
the involucre is scarcely tomentose or glabrate and the phyllaries have
large subscariose edges. Its relative, G. macrophylla Muschler, is a
plant with alternate, usually larger and thicker leaves, short petioles,
and glabrous involucre.
Gynoxys compressissima Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramulis terminalibus tetragonis indumento sulphureo-albido
valde compresso laevi subnitenti indutis.
Folia opposita subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus 3-4.5 cm. longus
supra sulcatus viridis subtus indumento albido indutus. Lamina ovato-
lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata basi cuneata apice attenuata
acutissima margine integra siccitate paulo revoluta, 9-18 cm. longa,
3-6 cm. lata; supra viridis, in sicco brunnescens laevis, nervo medio
angusto impresso tomentuloso, reliqua glabra, nervis lateralibus et
laxo reticulo paulo prominulis; subtus sulphureo-albida minutissimis
pilis valde intricatis indumentum continuum c empress is simum super-
ficie membranam laevem subnitentem formantibus, nervo medio elevate,
secundariis 7-8 utroque latere ascendentibus parce prominulis reliquis
obsoletis.
Inflorescentia terminalis cymoso-paniculata basi foliosa, ramulis
erectis vel flexuosis sulphureo-albidis, bracteolis lanceolatis folia
similibus sed decrescentibus, superioribus linearibus, ad 8 mm. longis.
Pedicelli 5-16 mm. longi apice aliquas bracteolas lineares flexuosas
ad modum calyculi ferentes. Capitula radiata. Involucrum subcam-
panulatum 8 bracteis oblongis 7-8 mm. longis, exterioribus 3 mm.,
interioribus 4 mm. latis, margine scariosis glabris, dorso tenue tomento
discontinue compresso munitis. Flores exteriores feminei 5, corolla
lutea ligulata 16-18 mm. longa tubulo 6-7 mm. longo, lamina elliptico-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II
oblonga 9-12 mm. longa, 3.5 mm. lata, apice minute tridentata. Flores
centrales tubulosi circa 20 corolla lutea 10-11 mm. longa, limbo cam-
panulato apice profunde dentato laciniis triangulari-linearibus ad 2
mm. longis. Stylus valde exsertus stigmatibus incrassatis subacutis
valde caudato-penicillatis. Ovarium glabrum.
Type: Peru: Tambo de Vaca, about 12,000 feet, collected J. F.
Macbride 4435. "Common clump-type shrub to 12 ft. high." (F.,US.)
G. compressissima is a striking plant because-of its delicate, en-
tangled and compressed hairs which form a whitish layer covering the
terminal branchlets and under side of the leaves. The outer surface of
the indument is half shining and has a tiny, transparent pelicule (film)
formed by the concrescence of the hairs. This species has subcori-
aceous, acute, long petiolated leaves and involucres with large,
scarcely indute phyllaries.
Gynoxys vacana Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva ramuli tetragoni nodosi flexuosi minute adpresseque
griseo-tomentosi, vel fuliginosi.
Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 10-15 mm. longus supra
sulcatus, reliquus striatus, adpresse tomentosus. Lamina ovato-
lanceolata basi rotundata vel obtusa, apicem versus acutata, margine
levissime repandoque calloso-dentata, 4.5-9 cm. longa, 1.7-3 cm. lata;
supra viridis excepto nervo medio subdepresso tomentuloso glabra,
nervis secundariis ascendentibus cum nervulis in reticulo argute
prominulo anastomosatis; subtus dense adpresseque albo-griseo
tomentosa costa eminenti nervis lateralibus subpatulis minus prominu-
lis, reticulo laxo obsolete.
Inflorescentiae cymoso-paniculatae terminales basim foliatae ramulis
griseis vel fuliginosis dense tomentosis, bracteolis ultimis late line-
aribus 5-7 mm. longis. Pedicelli breves 3-5 mm. longi crassiusculi
tomentosi apice 3-5 bracteolis ad modum calyculi dispositis ferentes.
Capitula radiata 5 ligulis 14-16 tubis. Involucrum subcampanulatum 8
bracteis elliptico-oblongis obtusiusculis 7 mm. longis, exterioribus
dense tomentulosis cinereo-fuliginosis 2 ram. latis, interioribus 3-3.2
mm. latis margine latissime scariosae vitta dorsale tantum tomentosa.
Flores feminei ligulati lutei, corolla 14 mm. longa lamina oblonga 8-9
mm. longa, 2-2.2 mm. lata. Fibres centrales hermaphroditi corolla
tubulosa 9-10 mm. longa glabra apice profunde 5-dentata laciniis 1.5
mm. longis. Ovarium glabrum. Stylus exsertus stigmatibus oblique
truncatis acutatis penicillato-caudatis. Pappus stramineus circa 8
mm. longus breviter hirtulo-scabrosis.
Type: Peru: Tambo de Vaca, about 13,000 feet, collected J. F.
Macbride 4391. "Open 12 ft. tree on steep well-drained 'point'.
Yellow. (F. US.)
G. vacana is similar to G. caracensis Muschler but has larger in-
volucres with broader phyllaries, stronger pedicels and branchlets of
the inflorescence, both being covered with thicker, grayish tomentum,
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
thicker, less densely reticulate leaves, the veins on the upper side
being prominent whereas those on the lower side are covered by
tomentum.
Gynoxys capituliparva Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva ramuli subtetragoni striolulati terminationibus cinereo-
tomentosis, plus minusve flexuosi.
Folia opposita subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus 11-15 ram. longus
striatus cinereo-lanuginoso-toraentosus. Lamina lanceolata basi ob-
tusa apice acuta margine integra paulo revoluta, 6-9.5 cm. longa, 15-30
mm. lata; supra viridis rugulosa nervo medio depresso paulo tomentu-
loso reliqua glabrata nervis secundariis nervulisque depressis paulo
conspicuis; subtus lanuginoso-tomentosa cinerea tomento denso et
laxo inunito, costa eminent! nervis lateralibus 6-7 utroque latere promi-
nentibus arcuato-ascendentibus, nervulis transversis laxe reticulatis
paulo conspicuis.
Inflorescentiae cymoso-paniculatae terminales basi foliosae folia
breviores ramulis angulatis adpresse griseo-tomentosis. Bracteolae
superiores lanceolatae vel lineares 5-6 mm. longae. Pedicelli valde
teneres 2-7 mm. longi tomentelli apice 3-4 bracteolis anguste lineari-
bus 4 mm. longis ad modum calyculi ferentes. Capitula radiata sub-
campanulata parva. Bracteae involucri 8, 4-4.5 mm. longae, 1.5-2 mm.
latae exteriores tomentellae interiores late margine scariosa glabra
dorso tomentello. Flores feminei ligulati lutei corolla 8-9 mm. Tonga,
lamina oblonga 1.5 mm. lata apice 3-denticulata. Flores centrales
tubulosi corolla lutea 6 mm. longa. Stigmata extus papillosa apice
obtusa penicillata. Pappus 5 mm. longus stramineus setis hirtulo-
scabrosis. Ovarium glabrum.
Type: Peru: Tambo de Vaca, about 12,000 feet, collected by J. F.
Macbride 4434. "Common 15 ft. tree of uplands. Crown dense." (F.)
G. capituliparva is well characterized by its small, acute, lanceo-
late leaves which are rugulose on the upper side and grayish or
cinereous-tomentose beneath; its tomentum is thick and soft, its in-
florescences are small and shorter than its basal leaves, its pedicels
are thin, and its heads and flowers are very small, as compared with
other species of this genus.
Gynoxjs infralanata Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 7-10 met. alta ramulis terminalibus tetragonis striatis lanato-
tomentosis albicantibus vel fuliginosis.
Folia opposita petiolata crasse coriacea. Petiolus robustus supra
sulcatus lanato-tomentosus 2 cm. longus. Lamina ovata basi lata
truncata apice acutata, margine integra angustissime revoluta, 8-10
cm. longa, 4.5-6 cm. lata; supra luteolo-viridis nervo medio impresso
tomentoso, secundariis paulo prominulis tomentulosis, reliqua in
juvenile statu puberula demum glabrata, nervulis venulisque laxe
reticulatis prominulis; infra dense lanato-tomentosa albicans costa
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 7
valde elevata, nervis secundariis 12-13 utroque latere prominentibus
patulis marginem versus furcatis^ obsolete anastomosatis, ^nervulis
minoribus vix inconspicuis. >.
Inflorescentia terminalis cymoso-panicufeta basi foliosa floribunda
ramis tetragonis dense albido-lanato-tomentosis. Bracteolae anguste
lineares circa 5 mm. longae lanatae. Pedicelli 2-5 mm. longi sub-
teneres lanato-tomentosi, apice 4-5 bracteolis linearibus 2-5 mm.
longis calyculum formantibus. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum sub-
campanulatum 8 bracteis ellipticis vel oblongis 5-6 mm. longis, 3 mm.
latis, crassiusculis, exterioribus lanato tomentosis, interioribus dorso
crasso lanato, margine glabra late squamosa. Flores feminei ligulati
5-6, corolla 11 mm. longa, lamina oblonga 6 mm. longa 2 mm. lata
apice brevissime tridenticulata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi,
corolla tubulosa 6 mm. longa glabra tubulo 2 mm. longo crassiusculo,
limbo tubuloso-conico apice profunde 5-dentato. Kami stigmatici ob-
tuse conici longe caudato-penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
stramineus 5-6 mm. longus setis hirtulo-scabrosis.
Type: Peru: Torontoy, Urubamba Valiey, altitude about 3900
meters, collected by Edmund Heller 2181. "Chief timber-line tree,
slender 2 0-30 ft." (US.)
Cotype: Heller 2178 (same locality). (US.)
G. infralanata can be distinguished by its medium sized, thickly
coriaceous, oval acute leaves which are scarcely puberulent on the
upper side and thickly tomentose-lanate beneath; its whitish inflo-
rescence is also densely tomentose; its heads are rather small and its
phyllaries thick and tomentose.
G>noxys pillahuatensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva. Ramuli terminales flexuosi subtetragoni striati luteolo-
viridi-tomentosi.
Folia opposita petiolata coriacea. Petiolus 15-18 mm. longus dense
tomentosus supra sulcatus basim dilatato vaginatus, subtus striolatus.
Lamina ovato-lanceolata basi rotundata vel obtusa apicem attenuata,
acuta margine plana remotis dentibus callosis munita vel laevis, 7-10
cm. longa 2.5-4 cm. lata; supra viridis nervo medio angusto depresso
tomentello reliqua adulta glabra, nervis lateralibus filiformibus,
nervulis angustis prominulis reticulatis; subtus dense ochraceo-
tomentosa nervo medio valde eminenti striato nervis secundariis promi-
nentibus ascendentibus marginem versus plus minusve ramificato-
reticulatis, nervulis laxe reticulatis parum manifestis.
Inflorescentiae terminales cymoso-paniculatae latae floribundae
flexuosae axi ramulisque striatis ochraceo-tcmentosis, bracteolis
superioribus anguste linearibus acutis flexuosis tomentosis 3-7 mm.
longis. Pedicelli tenues striati 2-6 mm. longi apice 3-5 bracteolis
linearibus ad modum calyculum. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum
tubulo so-campanulatum 8-10 bracteis 6 mm. longis acutis exterioribus
1.8-2 mm. latis tomentellis, interioribus 3 mm. latis, dorso carinato-
8 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
tomencello margine late scariosa glabra. Flores feminei marginales 5
flavi ligulati, corolla 9-10 mm. longa lamina 6 mm. longa 2 mm. lata.
Flores centrales hermaphroditi praecipue 12, corolla tubulosa lutea 7-8
mm. longa glabra. Ramuli stigmatici conici penicillato-caudati.
Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus circa 7 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Department of Cuzco: "Pillahuata". Cerro de
Cusilluyoc, 3000-3300 m. alt. collected May 1925 F. W. Pennell 14134.
"Flowers lemon yellow. Tree." (F. US.)
C. pillahuatens is is closely related to G. caracensis Muschler and
C, cusilluyocana. From the former it can be distinguished by its ob-
tuse or rotund leaves, its less compressed tomentum, its slightly
winged petioles with their enlarged bases, and its narrower heads con-
taining fewer flowers. By comparison C. cusilluyocana has leaves
which are strongly lanceolate at the base, more coriaceous and strong-
ly reticulate on the upper side with a rugose appearance revolute
margin; the inflorescences and heads are smaller and the tomentum is
denser than in G. pillahuatens is. The latter is also close to G. nitida
Muschler which has thicker and more elliptical leaves, more strongly
reticulated on the upper side and more densely tomentose, thicker and
broader, more tomentose phyllaries, and more robust branchlets of the
inflorescence.
Gynoxys cusilluyocana Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis subtetragonis striatis griseis terminationibus adpresse
griseo vel cinereo-tomentosis.
Folia opposita petiolata coriacea. Petiolus 8-20 mm. longus dense
cinereo-tomentosus supra sulcatus. Lamina ovato-lanceolata basi
rotundata vel obtuse cuneata apice attenuata acuta, margine integra
vel spars issimis dentibus callosis munita siccitate revoluta, 5-8 cm.
longa 1.6-3.2 cm. lata; supra viridis nervo medio depress albo-
tomentoso reliqua glabra, nervulis in reticulum densum prominulum
anastomosantibus; subtus dense lanuginoso-tomentosa ochraceo
pallida, costa elevata, nervis secundariis 8-10 paribus prominentibus
vel prominulis ascendentibus marginem versus paulo ramificatis, re-
liquis nervulis obsoletis.
Inflorescentiae terminates cymoso-paniculatae tantum basi foliatis,
folia adjacentia aequilongae vel breviores. Ramuli teneres subflexu-
osi dense tomentosi, bracteolis superioribus linearibus tomentosis
3-5 mm. longis. Pedicelli teneres 2-5 mm. longi tomentosi apice 3*5
bracteolis linearibus ad involucrum adpressis calyculum formantibus.
Capitula heterogama involucro 8 bracteis crassiusculis 5 mm. longis,
exterioribus 2 mm. latis elliptico-oblongis acutiusculis extus tomen-
tosis, interioribus 3 mm. latis ovatis dorso carinato-tomentoso margini-
bus late scariosis glabris, apice omnibus violascentibus. Flores
marginales feminei ligulati praecipue 8, corolla 7-8 mm. longa, flava,
lamina 3.5 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata apice tridentata. Flores centrales
hermaphroditi circa 16, corolla tubulosa lutea 5.5 mm. longa tubulo
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II
2 mm. longo, apice 5 dentata. Rami stigmatici acutiusculi caudato-
penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 6 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Department of Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro
de Cusilluyoc, alt. 3500-3800 m. collect. May 3, 1925 F. W. Pennell
13900. "Rocky thicket, shrubzone below paramo. Flowers lemon
chrome." (F. US.)
G. cusilluyocana is close to G. infralanata, but its tomentum is less
thick, the upper side of its lanceolate leaves appears rugose, as its
due to the elevated reticule, and its inflorescences are slender. The
same features distinguish it from G. caracensis Muschler.
Gynoxys cuzcoensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 4-6 met.alta. Ramuli terminales subtetragoni, striati ochraceo-
tomentosi vel fuliginosi, praecipue in partibus juvenilibus pilis crispis
brevibus dense intricato-tomentosis et pilis longis patulis muniti.
Folia opposita petiolata crasse coriacea. Petiolus 12-20 mm.
longus dense ochraceo-tomentosus et hirtus supra late sulcatus basim
versus ampliato-vaginatus subtus striatus. Lamina ovata vel ovato-
elliptica basi emarginata apice subite acutata margine integra parum
incrassato-revoluta, 7.9-9 cm. longa 3.5-4 cm. lata; supra nitida viridis
nervo medio depresso angusto tomentuloso excepto glabra, nervulis
elevatis graciliter reticulatis; subtus denso tomento ochraceo induta
nervo medio elevato, secundariis 10-12 utroque latere prominentibus
ascendentibus inter eos nervulis laxe reticulum minus conspicuum
formantibus.
Inflorescentiae terminales cymoso-paniculatae floribundae ramulis
plus minusve flexuosis striolatis dense tomentosis, bracteolis lineari-
bus copiosis 12-4 mm. longis breviter tomentellis et hirsutulis munitis.
Pedicelli 10-15 mm. longi striolati teneres sed rigidi saepe erecti
aliquis bracteis muniti apicem 2-3 bracteolis vix calyculum formanti-
bus. Capitula heterogama mediocria. Involucrum campanulatum 8
bracteis elliptico-oblongis acutiusculis 7-7.5 mm. longis 2.2-3 mm.
latis, exterioribus tomentosis, interioribus dorso tomentoso margine
late glabra. Flores feminei marginales 6-8, corolla lutea 12-13 mm.
longa tubulo capillare 6-7 mm. longa glabra, lamina elliptica circa
5-6 mm. longa 2.5 mm. lata apice tridenticulata. Corollae centra les
praecipue 12, tubulosae luteae circa 10 mm. longae, glabrae tubulo
angusto 5 mm. longo, limbo apice 5 dentato laciniis 1.5 mm. longis.
Ramuli stigmatici conici penicillato-caudati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
pallidus 8-9 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Tres Cruces, Pancartambo, Department of Cuzco, 3600
in. alt. "bordes bosques de ceja de la rntana", collected Oct. 1,
1941 Cesar Vargas 2253. (NY.)
G. cuzoensis is well characterized by its coriaceous, rigid, shiny
leaves which are strongly reticulately veined on the upper side and
densely tomentose beneath. The petioles, young branchlets and bracts
have a double indumentum, a dense indumentum of short, curly hairs
10 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
and another of long spreading hairs.
Gynoxys yananoensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Kami terminales striati dense tomentosi tomento crasso viridi-
ochraceo.
Folia opposita petiolata crasse coriacea. Petiolus 20-25 mm. longus
robustus striatus supra sulcatus dense crasseque tomentosus. Lamina
ovato-elliptica basi emarginata vel subcordata apice subite acutata,
margine laevis anguste incrassato-revoluta, 7-10.5 cm. longa, 4.5 cm.
lata; supra viridis subnitida, nervo medio depresso angusto tomentoso
excepto glabra, nervulis elevatis graciliter reticulatis; subtus dense
tomentosa, nervo medio elevato, secundariis 12-14 utroque latere
prominentibus patulo-ascendentibus inter eos nervulis laxuni reticulum
formantibus.
Inflorescentiae axillari-subterminales cymoso-paniculatae ramis
robustis striolatis dense crasseque tomentosis bracteolis numerosis
linearibus tomentellis. Pedicelli 3-10 mm. longi tomentosi teneres
bracteolati apice 4-5 angustis bracteolis flexuosis ad modum calycu-
lum munitis. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum 8 bracteis elliptico-
oblongis acutiusculis 6-7 mm. longis 2.5-3 mm. latis extus tomentosis,
interioribus late scarioso-marginatis. Flores feminei marginales ligu-
lati lutei, corolla 9 mm. longa tubulo 3 mm. longo, lamina oblonga 1
rrm. lata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi, corolla tubulosa lutea 8 mm.
longa glabra tubulo 3 mm. longo, limbo apice 5-dentato. Kami stig-
matici conici penicillati appendiculati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus 7-8
mm. stramineus.
Type: Peru: Yanano, about 6000 feet, common in shrubby canyons,
fls. yellow, collected by J. F. Macbride 7931. (F.)
G. yananoensis is very similar to G. cuzcoensis in general aspect
as well as in the form and structure of leaves. However, it differs in
its thicker and longer tomentura, its smaller inflorescences, heads and
flowers, and its shorter pedicels. Its ligules and florets are much
shorter, as the tube of the corolla measures only 3 mm.
Gynoxys Rusbyi Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ad 2 met. altus. Ramuli terminales subteretes striati griseo-
brunnei valde juniores tomentulosi.
Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 8-20 ram. longus prae-
cipue flexuosus, tomentosus supra sulcatus. Lamina ovato-lanceolata
basi rotundata apice valde acuta, margine plana repando dentata,
dentibus mucronulatis abrupte patulis, 5-8 cm. longa 1.6-3.5 cm. lata;
supra viridis glabra, nervo medio angusto depresso basim versus
parce tomentuloso, nervis secundariis paulo prominulis, nervulis
prominulis laxe reticulatis; subtus dense albicanti-tomentosa, costa
eminenti striolulata, nervis secundariis arcuato-ascendentibus 6-7
utroque latere parte media furcatis, paulo conspicuis nervulis reticu-
latis obsoletis.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 11
Inflorescentia terminalis basi foliosa, cymoso-paniculata, conferti-
florae ramulis erectis vel curvatis adpresse fuliginoso-tomentosi,
bracteis inferioribus foliosis, superioribus lanceolatis et linearibus
supra glabratis infra tomentellis, 6-8 mm. longis. Pedicelli 5-15 mm.
longi teneres et rigid! adpresse tomentosi apice tantum 2 bracteolas
anguste lineares 4-5 mm. longas ad modum calyculum ferentes. Capitu-
la heterogama. Involucrura campanulatum praecipue 8 bracteis sub-
coriaceis elliptic o-oblongis obtusiusculis 6.5 mm. longis, 2.5-3 mm.
latis dorso breviter adpresseque tomentellis margine scariosa glabra.
Flores feminei marginales 5-6 ligulatis, corolla lutea 10-11 mm. longa,
tubulo capillari 3.5-4 mm. longo, lamina 2 mm. lata apice 2-3 dentata.
Flores centrales hermaphroditi circa 20, corolla tubulosa lutea circa 8
mm. longa tubulo 3 mm. longo limbo tubuloso-campanulato 5 dentato
dentibus lineari-triangularibus 1.5-1.8 mm. longis. Ramuli stigmatici
conici penicillati-caudati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 6-7
mm. longus.
Type: Bolivia: Pongo de Quisne, 12,500 ft., Rocky hills, collected
July 2, 1921 H. H. Rusby no. 3. (US., NY.)
S. Rusbyi is distinguished by its coriaceous, discolored, broadly
lanceolate and remotely dentate leaves which are vividly green on the
upper side and pale tomentose beneath. The phyllaries are broad with
scariose edges, tomentose on their backs and somewhat violaceous at
the tip.
Gynoxys neovelutina Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbuscula. Ramuli flexuosi tetragoni dense adpresseque tomentosi.
Folia opposita coriacea petiolata elongata. Petiolus 2-3 cm. longus
robustus striatus supra sulcatus, dense adpresseque velutino-tomento-
sus. Lamina oblonga ovato-lanceolata basi lata cordata apicem versus
angustata acuta, margine anguste incrassato-revoluta, minutissimis
dentibus mucroniformibus repandis inferne revolutis, 12-15 cm. longa,
5.5 cm. lata; supra viridis nervo medio depresso tomentoso excepto
glabra, nervis secundariis angustis impressis, nervulis venulisque
minutum reticulum valde conspicuum elevatum vel impressum formanti-
bus; subtus densissime tomento pallide ochraceo (in sicco) aspectu
velutino induta, nervo medio valde elevate striato, secundariis 12-15
utroque latere patulis marginem versus ramificatis prominulis, reliquis
nervulis laxe reticulatis cum tomento velatis.
Inflorescentia terminalis quamfoliabasilaria valde breviora, cymoso-
paniculata, ramulis angulatis dense velutino-tomentosis, bracteis
linearibus tomentosis 4-6 mm. longis. Pedicelli crassiusculi 4-8 mm.
longi, apice 4-5 bracteolis linearibus angustis ad modum calyculum
dispositis. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum bracteis subcoriaceis
7-8 mm. longis acutiusculis, exterioribus 2 mm. latis dense tomentosis,
interioribus 3 mm. latis dorso tomentoso marginibus scariosis glabra-
tis. Corollae exteriores 8-10 ligulatae (nondura adultae) 9 mm. longae,
glabrae tubulo 4 mm. Corollae interiores tubulosae 8 mm. longae
glabrae. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 7 mm. longus.
12 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Type: Bolivia: 3000 m. alt., 14 April 1892, collected Otto Kuntze.
(NY.)
The leaves of G. neovelutina are similar to those of G. pendula
Wedd., but they are thickly coriaceous, densely velvety tomentose be-
neath and markedly reticulate on the upper side; this reticulation is
either prominent or depressed, in which case the surface is rugulose in
appearance. The petioles are robust and striate, and the phyllaries
thick and tomentose. The tomentum of the branchlets and pedicels is
also velvety.
G>nox>s sorataensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva. Ramuli terminales flexuosi tetragoni nodoso-articu-
lati, internodiis 6-9 mm. longis, adpresse tomentosis.
Folia opposita petiolata crasse coriacea elongata. Petiolus 1.5-2.5
mm. longus striatus dense adpresseque tomentosus. Lamina sub-
lanceolato-lineari-oblonga basi rotundata vel obtusa apicem versus
sine sensu paulum angustata acutiuscula, margine parum crassior,
8-13.5 cm. longa, 2-3.6 cm. lata; supra pallide viridis nitida laevis
glaberrima, costa impressa nervis lateralibus paruni conspicuis,
nervulis venulisque obsoletis; subtus dense adpresseque tomentoso-
velutina subochracea, costa eminenti striata, nervis secundariis 9-13
utroque latere parce prominulis ascendentibus, reliquis nervulis
reticulatis paulo visibilibus.
Inflorescentiae terminales cymoso-paniculatae confertiflorae basi
foliosae quam folia breviores, ramulis robustis striatis dense velutino-
tomentosis, bracteolis superne linearibus tomentosis flexuosis. Pedi-
celli 2-4 mm. longi crassiusculi apice 4-6 bracteolis anguste linearibus
ad modum calyculum dispositis. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum 8
bracteis elliptico-oblongis obtusiusculis 7 mm. longis, exterioribus
2 mm. latis dense tomentosis interioribus 3 mm. latis dorso dense
tomentoso margine scariosa glabra. Corollae exteriores ligulatae 5-7,
11-12 mm. longae, tubulo capillari 5 mm. longo, apice 2-3 denticulatae.
Corollae centrales 14-16, tubulosae 8 ram. longae, glabrae, tubulo 2.5
mm. longo. Ramuli stigmatici floris hermaphroditi apice incrassati
breviter conici longe penicillato-caudati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
stramineus 8 mm. longus.
Type: Bolivia: Sorata, 10,000 ft., collected Feb., 1886, H. H.
Rusby 1638. (NY. F.)
G. s orate ns is is related to G. neovelutina because of its long leaves
which are velvety-tomentose beneath, but distinguishable by its
narrower limb which is rotundate or obtuse at the base, completely
glabrous and smooth on the upper side (lacking conspicuous venation).
The ends of the branchlets are characterized by markedly articulate
internodes.
Gynoxys albifluminis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ad 2 met. altus, ramuli terminales flexuosi tetragoni articu-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 13
lati internodiis 15-30 mm.longis dense adpresseque cinereo vel pallide
ochraceo-tomentosi.
Folia opposita petiolata crasse coriacea elongata deflexa. Petiolus
2-3.5 cm. longus curvatus dense adpresseque tomentosus, supra sulca-
tus. Lamina elliptico-linearis (linguiformis), basi late rotundata vel
truncata interdum paulo emarginata apice paulo angustata obtusiuscu-
la, margine Integra angustissime revoluta; supra viridis nitida promi-
nule reticulato-nervosa glabra nervo medio excepto tomentuloso;
subtus tomento dense adpressoque subvelutino ochraceo-cinereo tecta,
nervo medio striolato elevato, secundariis et nervulis laxum reticulum
cum indumento velatum formantibus.
Inflorescentiae cymoso-paniculatae terminales basi foliosae, ramulis
striatis crasse tomentosis, bracteolis linearibus tomentosis. Pedicelli
crassiusculi dense tomentosi 2-6 mm. longi apice 8-10 bracteolis
crassiusculis 2-5 mm. longis ad modum calyculum ferentes. Capitula
heterogama. Involucrum campanulatum, 10 bracteis subcoriaceis 6-7
mm. longis, exterioribus 2-2.5 mm. latis dense tomentosis interioribus
3-4 mm. latis dorso dense tomentosis margine scariosis glabris.
Corollae exteriores 8-10 ligulatae luteae 12-14 mm. longae tubulo
capillare 5 mm. longo. Corollae centra les circa 20 tubulosae luteae
10 mm. longae tubulo 4 mm. longo; ramis stigmaticis breviter conic is,
penicillato-caudatis. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 9 mm.
longus.
Type: Peru: Rio Blanco, about 15,000 ft. Stream-bank shrub, 4-5
ft. high. Collected, J. F. Macbride 3028. (F. US.)
Among long leaves species, G. albifluminis is characterized by its
tongue-shaped leaves which are almost obtuse at the apex and sub-
truncate or rotundate at the base, marked reticulate on the upper side,
whereas the lower side of leaves and branchlets is almost velvety,
densely tomentose. On the other hand G. neovelutina, perhaps its
most closely related species, has a more velvety tomentum, cordate
and acute, lanceolate leaves which are more minutely reticulate on the
upper side. The new species differs from G. fuliginosa HBK by its
longer leaves and the structure of its indumentum.
Gynoxys visoensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva, ad 4 m. alta, ramulis paulo angulatis adpresse tomen-
tosis.
Folia opposita coriacea elongata. Petiolus 1.5-3.5 cm. longus dense
adpresseque tomentosus. Lamina elliptico-lanceolata basi truncata
vel subrotundata apicem versus attenuata apice acutiuscula, margine
integra parce incrassato-revoluta; supra viridis nervo medio impresso
tomentoso reliqua glabra nervis nervulisque Jaxe reticulatis paulo
prominulis; subtus dense subvelutino-tomentosa, costa striata eminen-
ti nervis secundariis minus prominulis reliquis nervulis plus minusve
ve latis.
Inflorescentia cymoso-paniculata terminalis ramulis dense velutino-
14 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
tomentosis, bracteis linearibus tomentosis praeditis. Pedicelli 8-12
mm. longi graciles apice 4-6 bracteolis anguste linearibus 4-7 mm.
Ipngis tomentosis muniti. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum campanu-
latum 8-9 bracteis 9-10 mm. longis acutiusculis exterioribus 2.5 mm.
latis tomentosis, interioribus 3.5 mm. lads dorso tomentosis margine
scariosa apicibus plus minusve violaceis. Corollae marginales prae-
cipue 6 luteae 16 mm. longae tubulo capillari 6 mm. longo. Flores
hermaphroditi circiter 16 tubulosae, corolla 10-11 mm. longa tubulo
angusto 3.6 mm. longo glabro; ramuli stigmatici conici longi caudato-
penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 10 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Viso, about 9000 ft. Tree to 12 ft. in rock slides.
Several trunks. Flowers light yellow. Collected by Macbride and
Featherstone 580. (F. US.)
G. visoensis is related to G. albifluminis but differs in its more
attenuate but less reticulate leaves, longer pedicels, fewer bracts per
calycle which are longer and flexuose, and longer involucre formed by
8-9 densely tomentose phyllaries. In G. albifluminis the peduncles are
shorter, heads congested, bracts per calycle more numerous (8-10),
shorter and adpressed, and phyllaries shorter, thicker, and more dense-
ly tomentose.
Gynoxys ignaciana Cuatr., sp. nov.
Kami flexuosi terminationibus striatis lanato-tomentosis.
Folia opposita membranaceo-coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 2-2.5 cm.
longus basi incrassatus valde tomentosus. Lamina ovato-oblonga basi
rotundata vel emarginata apice paulo attenuata obtusiuscula, margine
repando obtuseque sinuata anguste incrassato-revoluta, 7-9 cm. longa,
3.8-5 cm. lata, supra viridis nervo medio impress angusto tomentuloso,
reliqua glabra nervulis prominulis in reticulum anastomosantibus;
subtus pulverulento-tomentosa in sicco ochracea, costa crassa emi-
nenti 6-7 nervis utroque latere patulo-ascendentibus ramificatis ramu-
lis anastomosatis cum nervulis reticulum laxum prominulum formanti-
bus.
Inflorescentiae terminales floribundae cymoso-paniculatae basi
foliosae, ramulis dense crasseque tomentosis, bracteolis ultimis
linearibus teneribus flexuosis lanatis 6-8 mm. longis deciduis. Pedi-
celli erecti 10-18 mm. longi tomentoso-lanati, 3-4 bracteolis angustis
5-6 mm. longis muniti apice tantum una ad basim capituli disposita.
Capitula heterogama. Involucrum tubuloso-campanulatum 8 bracteis
acutiusculis crassiusculis 8 mm. longis 3 mm. latis extus dense
tomentosis, interioribus margine scariosa. Flores feminei marginales
5, corolla ligulata 13-14 mm. longa, tubulo 5 mm. longo lamina 2-5 mm.
lata. Flores centrales plerumque 20, corolla tubulosa 8-5 mm. longa,
tubulo angusto 3 mm. longo, limbo tubuloso campanulato apice pro-
funde 5-dentato dentibus 1.8 mm. longis; ramis stigmaticis apice
conico-caudato-penicillato. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 7
mm. longus.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 15
Type: Ecuador: Pichincha region: San Ignacio 11,200 ft. Collect.
Aug. 14-19, 1923, H. E. Anthony and G. H. H. Tate 127. (US.)
Related to G. Hallii Hieron., G. ignaciana differs from that species
by its broader, ovate, leaves which are slender, rotundate or emargi-
nate at the base, by its wooly-tomentose branchlets and involucre,
and by its long pedicels provided with long, thin bracteoles which do
not form a true calycle.
Gynoxys Ueinaldi Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbuscula. Ramuli teretes grisei juveniles breviter puberuli mox
glabrati.
Folia papiraceo-coriacea rigida opposita petiolata. Petiolus 6-12
ram. longus robustus adpresse tomentosus supra sulcatus subtus teres
basi crassior vaginatus. Lamina ovata vel ovato-elliptica basi rotun-
data apice paulo angustata breviter acutiuscula mucronulata, margine
integra sed 3-4 dentibus utroque latere minutissimis callosis, 3-5 cm.
longa, 1.8-3.2 cm. lata, supra viridis nitida costa paulo impressa
tomentella reliqua glaberrina nervulis venulisque minutum reticulum
argute prominulum formantibus; subtus dense adpresseque tomentosa
ochracea costa crassa prominenti nervis lateralibus patulis parce
prominulis 8-10 utroque latere marginem versus obsolete ramificatis
anastomosantibus, nervulis obsoletis.
Inflorescentiae terminales cymoso-paniculatae confertiflorae folia
superiora excedentes, ramulis fastigiatis dense adpresseque ochraceo-
tomentosis, bracteis inferioribus anguste foliaceis superioribus
lanceolatis vel linearibus erectis rigidis 5-2 mm. longis extus tomen-
tosis. Pedicelli 5-10 mm. longi dense tomentosi erecti apice 3-4 brac-
teis minutis tomentosis ad basim involucri minutum calyculumformant'.-
bus. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum cylindricum glabrum 8 bracteis
oblongis 7-7.5 mm. longis, exterioribus linearibus acutis 1.5 mm. latis,
interioribus 2-5 mm. latis dorso carinato incrassato margine scariosa.
Flores feminei 3 marginales, corolla lutea 9-10 mm. longa, tubulo 3
mm. longo, lamina elliptica 2-2.5 mm. lata. Flores hermaphroditi
centrales 6-8, corolla tubulosa lutea 7 mm. longa, tubulo 3 mm. longo
limbo campanula CO apice profunde inciso dentibus 2 mm. longis. Kami
stigmatici apice obtusi breviter papilloso-penicillati. Ovariura glab-
rum. Pappus stramineus nitidus 7 mm. longus.
Type: Ecuador: Loja: Cajamuna 2400 m. alt. collect 7-V-1946,
Reinaldo Expinosa 312. (F.)
Cotype: Same locality, collected, Reinaldo Espinosa 347-a. (F.)
G. Reinaldi differs from the other species of this genus by the thin,
but rigid leaves which are ovate and rather small, by the dense tomen-
tum covering the branchlets of the inflorescence, bracts, calycle, and
lower side of the leaves, and by the tubular, glabrous involucre which
contains a small number of flowers.
16 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Gynoxya cuicochensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Ramuli flexuosi subteretes striolulati, minute dense adpresseque
tomentosi.
Folia opposita coriacea. Petiolus 1-14 mm. longus, striatus ad-
presse tomentosus. Lamina ovata vel ovato-oblonga basi truncata vel
rotundata apice breviter angustata vel acutiuscula, margine repando
leviterque sinuata, 2.5-5.5 cm. longa 8-28 mm. lata; supra viridis
laevis nervo medio tornentuloso excepto g la bra, nervis secundariis
paulo conspicuis depressis, nervulis venulisque reticulatis leviter
prominulis; subtus dense adpresseque tomentoso-ochracea, nervo
medio crasse prominenti, nervis secundariis 10-11 utroque latere per-
pendicularibus prominentibus marginem versus anastomosantibus,
nervulis prominulis reticulatis.
Inflorescentia terminalis cymoso-paniculata, rainulis tomentosis,
bracteolis ultimis lanceolatis acutis minutis 3-2 mm. longis tomen-
tosis. Pedicelli 1-5 mm. longi apice 3-4 bracteolis ad modum calycu-
luni. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum conico-campanulatum 7-8
bracteis 5.5 mm. longis exterioribus 2 mm. latis tomentosis, interiori-
bus 2.8 mm. latis dorso tomentoso margine late scariosa glabra. F lores
feniinei narginales 3, corolla ligulata 7-8 mm. longa, tubulo 2 mm.
Flores hermaphroditi 8-9, tubulosi corolla 7 mm. longa tubulo 2.2 mm.,
limbo campanulato profunde dentate. Kami stigmatici conici penicilla-
ti. Ovariura glabrum.
Type: Ecuador: Prov. Imbabura, Lake Cuicocha 3500 m. alt.,
collected C. W. Pendland & R. H. Summer 722. (F.)
C. cuicochensis is close to G. Hallii Hieron. and G. ignaciana but
is distinguished by its dense, compressed tomentum, by the shape of
its leaves, the rectangular secondary nerves, and by its tomentose
bracteoles and involucre.
(>nox>s Apollinaris Cuatr., sp. nov.
Kami terminales striolulati dense adpresseque lanato-tomentosi.
Folia opposita coriacea. Petiolus crassiusculus 1-1.5 cm. longus,
saepe curvatus supra sulcatus dense tomentosus. Lamina lanceolata
basi rotundata vel cordata apicem versus sine sensu attenuata apice
acuta, margine leviter repando sinuata revoluta, 7-12 cm. longa 1.2-
3.5 cm. lata; supra in juvenilibus crispo-tomentosa in adultis nitida
glaberrima, nervo medio impresso tomentuloso excepto, nervis secun-
dariis patulis (90) parce prominulis, nervulis venulisque in reticulo
plus minusve conspicuo; subtus ochraceo-ferruginea, densissime
crasseque lanato-tomentosa, indumento intricatissimo pagina uniforme
omnino tecta.
Inflorescentia terminalis cymoso-paniculata pyramidalis ramulis
lanato-tomentosis, bracteolis lineari- lanceolatis vel linearibus flexuo-
sis 10-15 mm. longis munitis. Pedicelli 10-15 mm. longi lanato-
tamentosi bracteolati, apice tantum 2-3 bracteolis calycularibus rr.uniti.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 17
Capitula heterogama. Involucrum 8 bracteis late oblongis acutiusculis
7-7.5 mm. longis, exterioribus 2.5 mm. latis lanatis, interioribus 3-3.2
mm. latis dorso lanatis margine scarioso-glabris. Ligulae 14-15 mm.
longae apice argute 3 dentata tubulo 6 mm. longo. Corollae flororum
hermaphroditorum tubulosae 8 mm. longae, tubulo 2.5 mm. longo, limbo
tubuloso-campanulato apice profunde. dentato. Rami stigmatici conici
penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus roseo-stramineus 8 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia: Caldas, San Felix, collected, Hno. Tomas Alberto,
1884. (F.)
G. Apollinaris is close to G, Lindenii but differs from that species
by the very thick, woolly tomentum which uniformly covers the under
side of its leaves. The leaves are narrowly lanceolate, coriaceous,
whose edges are slightly sinuate and revolute; only the mid-rib, can be
seen under the thick indumentum.
Named in honor of the well known naturalist and friend, the late
Brother Apolinar Maria.
GYNOXYS TfelANAE Hieron. var. nemocona Cuatr., nov. var.
Lamina foliorum robustior major (4-5.5 cm. longa, 15-22 mm. lata)
elliptico-oblonga basi cordata vel emarginata, subtus ramique intense
ochraceo-tomentosi. Capitula majora.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cundinamarca: Nemocon, 2900-3000 m. alt.
Shrub. Flowers yellow, collected Oct. 23, 1917, F. W. Pennell, 2619.
(NY.)
Other specimen: Colombia, without locality: Mutis 5931 (US.)
GYNOXYS COLUMBIAN (Klatt) Hieron.
Liabum Columbia num. Klatt
Gynoxys puracensis Cuatr., Not. Fl. Colomb. VI: 32 (1944).
Specimens examined: Cuatr. & Perez Arb. 5958 (type coll. of G.
puracensis). Lehmann 3783 (Paramo de las Moras (fragment of isotype
in the Ch. Nat. Hist. Mus.). Photograf of the type.
Senecio tergolanatus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba ad 1 met. alta ramis floriferis erectis robustis striatis arach-
noideo-lanuginosis satis foliosis.
Folia crassiuscule herbacea leviter bullata supra viridia sed sparse
tomento arachnoideo plus minusve persistenti munita, subtus dense
albo- vel cinereo-lanata, sessilia amplexicaulia, inferiora ovato-
elliptica, vel oblonga, apice attenuata obtusa basi late rotundato-
auriculata valde amplectentia, margine irregular^ter dentata vel incisa,
12 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata, superne subtriangularia ob'longiora basi
latissima apicem versus gradatim attenuata subacuta margine revoluta;
nervo medio utrinque manifesto supra albo-lanato subtus prominenti,
nervis secundariis patulis numerosis vix conspicuis.
18 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Inflorescentia terminalis paniculata, ramulis striatis arachnoideo-
lanatis, inferioribus foliorura superiorum axillaribus, bracteis ramorura
triangularibus foliis similibus sed gradatim minoribus. Pedicelli
tenues arachnoidei 5-10 mm. longi, saepe 1 bracteam linearem acutam
longam ferentes. Capitula radiata. Calyculus 10-12 bracteis lineari-
bus acutis valde angustis floccoso-arachnoideis 4-6 mm. longis con-
formatus. Involucrum campanulatum 23-24 bracteis lineari-lanceolatis,
subuniseriatis, 8-9 mm. longis exterioribus 1-1.5 mm. latis, interioribus
ad 2 mm. latis, dorso viridibus saepe leviter arachnoideis margine
scariosis apice ciliatis. Receptaculum alveolatum 4 mm. diam. Flores
marginales feminei ligulati 10-11, corolla lutea tubulo 4 mm. longo
capillari puberulo, ligula 8-10 mm. longa 2.5-3 mm. lata, apice angus-
tata, minutissime 3-dentata. Flores disci ultra 100, hermaphroditi
tubulosi lutei glabri 7-9 mm. longi, tubulo 3-4 mm. longo subcapillari,
limbo tubuloso 4-5 mm. longo dentibus 0.8 mm. longis. Antherae 3 mm.
longae basi obtusae. Kami stigmatici truncati papilloso-penicillati.
Setae pappi Albae tenues 7 mm. longae. Achaenia 2 mm. longa
(inmatura) pubescentia.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca: Nevado del Cocuy, bajando al
Cocuy en prados paramunos, 3600-3800 m. alt., collected 13-IX-1938,
J. Cuatrecasas 1652. (F.)
S. tergolanatus is a rare species living in the paramo-meadows, well
characterized by being a herb with broadly auriculate, amplexicaul
leaves which are woolly white beneath, and by its permanent white
arachnoideous tomentum on the remainder of the plant.
Senecio supremus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa, caule inclinato radicibus crassiusculis numero-
sis munito, extreme ramum simplicem foliosum fertilem producto.
Folia basilaria fasciculata crassiuscula, lineari-elliptica sub-
lanceolata tertio inferiore in petiolum angustata basi late vaginata
amplectentia apice subacuta, raargine integra revoluta, 8-18 cm. Tonga,
5-10 mm. lata; supra viridis glabra costa plus minusve conspicua;
subtus arachnoideo-lanigera, indumento aliquando deciduo nervo
medio crasso, reliquis nervulis saepe inconspicuis, vagina longius-
cule lanigera.
Scapus erectus 18-32 cm. longus striatus plus minusve lanuginosus
vel glabratus, foliis alternis sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis basi rotun-
dato-amplectentibus, margine valde revoluta integra vel breviter
dentata, apice acutiusculis, supra lana arachnoidea decidua m unit is
denique glabris, subtus lanigeris, apicem versus gradatim minoribus et
bracteosis commutatis. Capitula lata solitaria vel 2-3 ad apicem
scapi, discoidea nutantia circa 3 cm. diam. Pedicelli teneres 2-3 cm.
longi parce lanuginosi. Apex scapi densiuscule lanuginosus brae-
teas lineares acutas glabras numerosas usque 2 cm. longas, 2 mm.
latas, erectas ad modum calyculum ad involucrum adpressas, ferens.
Involucrum hemisphaericum, bracteis herbaceis biseriatis circa
28-30, 14 mm. longis, glabris vel basi parce arachnoideis, exterioribus
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 19
lanceolatis 3-3.5 mm. latis interioribus lanceolato-ovatis 4-6 mm.
latis margine plus minusve erosis, basi breviter coalitis. Bracteae
caliculares longitudinem involucrum aequantes involucrum multi seria-
tera simulantes.
Flores valde numerosi, ultra 300 in capitulo, isomorphi tubulosi,
corolla tubulosa 9-10 mm. longa luteola-glabra, tubulo subcapillare 5
mm. longo basi abrupte bullato, limbo campanulato vel tubuloso cam-
panulato 4.5-5 mm. longo 1.5-2 mm. diam., apice 5 dentato dentibus
triangularibus 1 mm. longus. Antherae 2 mm. longae basi obtusae.
Kami stigmatici apic<_ truncati longe papilloso-penicillati. Ovarium
glabrum. Pappus 9 mm. longus in sicco basim versus ferrugineus.
Crescit in supremas partes frigidas arenicolas vel saxicolac andium
novogranatensium.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca': Nevado del Cocuy, alto valle de
Las Lagunillas, pedregales-arenales abajo del glaciar, encima de
Silla Larga, 4400-4300 m. alt., collect. 12-K-1938 J. Cuatrecasas
1480. (F.)
Cotype: Id. id. Arenales junto al glaciar del Nevado del Cocuy
(del Pulpito del Diablo), 4600 met. alt. 12-IX-1938, J. Cuatrecasas
1473. (F.)
S supremus is a herbaceous plant with almost all its leaves basal,
elongate, entire with revolute margin and lax, woolly tomentum; it is
also characterized by its large, solitary, (or 2-3) discoid heads with
broad involucral bracts and pluriseriate calycle covering the involucre,
simulating a pluiseriate involucre. Although related to S. hypsobates
Wedd., it is distinguished from that species by its larger leaves and
heads and by the woolliness. It can be differentiated from S. chiono-
geton Wedd. by its few heads and somewhat woolly arachnoideous
appearance. On the other hand S. summits Cuatr., another related
species, can be distinguished by the dense, white tomentum on the
lower side of its leaves and by the large number of heads found in the
ramified inflorescence.
Senecio pascuiandinus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa, caulibus foliosis terminalibus erectis 30 cm.
altis crassis striatis sparse glanduloso-hirtis.
Folia herbacea alterna copiosa basilaria (in speciminibus nostris
sicca corrugata) petiolata petiolus 3-4 cm. longus basi vagina latiora
folia caulina inferiora late lanceolata basi in petiolum 2-3 cm. longum
5-6 mm. latum angustata apice attenuata acuta lamina 8 cm. longa
2-2.5 cm. lata, reliqua sessilia lanceolata, apicem versus breviora;
margine minute dentata plana vel paulo revoluta, supra viridis sub-
laevis piloso-glandulosa et juvenilia plus minusve arachnoidea, tan-
turn costa conspicua; subtus leviter arachnoideo-lanuginosa albicantia
et pilis longis plus minusve strigosis munita, costa eminenti nervis
lateralibus angustis ascendentibus paulo conspicuis reliquis nervulis
in minuto reticulo obsolete.
20 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Inflorescentia terrainalis multiflora paniculata 8-12 cm. longa et
lata basi foliosa. Ramuli numerosi erecti glanduloso-hirsutuli et parce
araneoso-floccosi 8-4 cm. longi, apice 1-3 capitula mediocria dis-
coidea nutantia longe pedicellata ferentes. Ramuli vel pedicelli
bracteis anguste linearibus acutis uninervis flexuosis 2-1 cm. longis
plus minusve pubescentibus araneosisque, ad apicem copiosissimis
glabratis caliculum polyphyllum formantibus. Involucrum hemisphaeri-
cum 22 bracteis pallido-viridibus glabris biseriatis, exterioribus
lineari-lanceolatis, 10-11 mm. longis 2 mm. latis apice ciliato-penicil-
latis, interioribus 3 mm. latis oblong is apice abrupte attenuate eroso-
ciliato. Flores omnes tubulosi hermaphroditi ultra 200 in capitulo.
Corolla 7-8.5 mm. longa, glabra luteola tubulo capillari 3-3.5 ram.
longo, limbo tubuloso apicem versus ampliato 4-5 mm. longo apice
dentibus angustis 0.8 mm. longis. Antherae 2 mm. longae basi ob-
tusae. Stigmata truncata papilloso-penicillata. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus a Ibid us 8 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca; Nevado del Cocuy, paramos de Las
Lagunillas, en El Tabloncillo, 4100-4200 m. alt., collected 13-K-1938,
J. Cuatrecasas 1599. (F., US.)
S. pascuiandinus differs from all other herbaceous and discoid
species by the particular shape and indumentum of its leaves, by its
inflorescence, by the bracts on the peduncles and calycle, and struc-
ture of the heads. It is one of the species intermediate between
Senecio and Culcitium.
Senecio adglacialis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa, brevibus ramulis reptantibus folios is in rosulas
foliorum terminantibus vel scapiferis.
Folia rosularum herbacea viridia anguste elliptico-lanceolata basim
versus in petiolum latum (3-4 mm. lat.) attenuata apice angustata
acuctiuscula margine breviter et repando serrata plana vel paulo revo-
luta, 6-12 cm. longa, 4-14 mm. lata, utrinque glabrata tantum sparsissi-
mis pilis raunita, nervo medio signato lateralibus paucis valde ascen-
dentibus supra obsoletis subtus conspicuis.
Scapus erectus ad 50 cm. longus striatus puberulus et tenuiter
araneosus foliis oblongo-lanceolatis sessilibus basi auriculato-
amplectentibus, apice attenuatis, margine repando serratis breviter
revolutis, numerosis alternis apicem versus gradatim minoribus.
Inflorescencia terminalis subcorymbosa oligocephala capitulis
radiatis plus minusve nutantibus pedunculatis. Pedicelli flexuosi
5-10 mm. longi araneoso-lanuginosi axillares, bracteas ovato-lanceo-
latas excedentes. Calyculus longus 10-12 bracteis lineari-lanceolatis
18-10 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis, dense glanduloso-hirsutis, ad invo-
lucrum paulo longiorem adpressis. Involucrum 20 bracteis uniseriatis
lineari-lanceolatis glanduloso-hirsutulis 2-3 mm. latis 15 mm. longis,
interioribus raargine scariosis. Flores marginales ferainei plerumque
24, ligulatae flavae corolla glabra tubulo 3-4 mm. longo ligula late
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 21
elliptica 12 mm. longa, 5-6 mm. lata apice subrotundata minute tri-
dentata, 10 nervata. Flores centrales 170-180 hermaphroditi corolla
tubulosa glabra, tubulo basi 3 rcm. longo limbo 6-6.5 mm. longo tubu-
loso apice breviter 5-dentato. Antherae 3 mm. longae basi obtusiuscu-
lae. Stigmata truncata papilloso-penicillata. Ovariura glabrum vel
parcissime puberulum. Pappus sericeo-stramineus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca; Nevado del Cocuy, alto valle de Las
Lagunillas, arenales en la base del glaciar 4400-4500 m. alt., 12-IX-
1938 collected J. Cuatrecasas 1506. (F., US.)
S. adglacialis is characterized by its erect scape with few aggre-
gated heads, by its glabrous leaves (the basal ones are oblong and
attenuate toward the pseudo-petiole), by its glandular-hirsute invo-
lucre, by the calycle made up of numerous bracts nearly as long as the
involucre, by its elliptical broad ligule, and by its glabrous ovary.
It is closely related to 5. leucanthemoides Cuatr. and S. Funckii but
can be distinguished from these by the above mentioned characters.
Senecio Garcibarrigae Cuatr., var. cataractaruir Cuatr., nov. var.
A species differt tota planta praecipue folia subtus et involucrum
plus minusve pilosa, involucrum glanduloso-hirsutulum bracteis latiori-
bus. Ligulae latiores. Achaenia pubescentia.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca: Nevado del Cocuy, Chorreon de San
Paulino, alt. 3950 m., collected 12-IX-1938, J. Cuatrecasas 1334.
(F., US.).
Senecio Alberti-Smithii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba perennis rhizomate inclinato radicibus elongatis crassiusculis
numerosis.
Caulis a ere us erectus 30-40 crn. longus striatus glaber vel par-
cissime puberulus.
Folia caulina sessilia viridia valde tenuia, ovato-oblonga apice
attenuata acutiuscula basi latiora rotundato-auriculata amplectentia,
inferiora basi angustiora; margine crenato-dentata; 6-8 cm. longa,
2.5-3 cm. lata; supra glabra costa signata nervis lateralibus obsoletis,
subtus sparse puberula costa prominula nervis lateralibus signatis
ascendentibus circa 10 utroque latere marginem versus furcato-
anastomosatis, venulis reticulatis obsoletis.
Inflorescentia in specimine unico 3 capitulis in corymbo terminale
instructa, pedunculis erectis 6-10 cm. longis, parce puberulis. Capi-
tula radiata nutantia. Calyculus 11-12 bracteis anguste lineari-
acutis hispidulis adpressis, 6-9 mm. longis. Involucrum 20-22 bracteis
subuniseriatis lineari-lanceolatis 12-13 mm. longis 1.5-2.5 mm. latis,
parce puberulis apice ciliolatis. Flores marginales 18-20 feminei
ligulati, corolla glabra tubulo 5-6 mm. longo, ligula 18-22 mm. longa,
5 mm. lata, apice obtusa minute tridentata, luteola 4 nerviis rubris
percijrsa. Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi circa 95, corolla
lutea glabra 11 mm. longa, tubulo 3-3.5 mm. longo, limbo tubuloso 7-8
22 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
mm. longo, apice breviter 5-dentato. Antherae 3 mm. longae basi acu-
tiusculae. Kami stigmatici longi curvati apice obtusi late papilloso-
penicillati. Ovarium parce puberulum. Setis pappi sericeis deciduis
8-10 mm. longis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Santander: Paramo de Santurban near Vetas,
3950-4160 m. ak., Jan. 17, 1927 collect. E. P. Killip & Albert C.
Smith 17520. "Rays light yellow fading to pink, faintly red-striped,
florets dark yellow." (US.)
S. Alberti-Smithii is very different from the other herbaceous species
found in Colombian by being delicate and glabrous and having broad,
amplexicaul leaves and erect stems supporting a few radiate h.ads.
According to the collector's note, the ligules are somewhat pink.
Basal leaves are missing in this specimen but they must be petiolate
and elliptical like the young leaves of a sterile rosette. S. Alberti-
Smithii has a surprising affinity with S. helianthoides Philipi from
Chile, but differs by being glabrous and having larger involucres and
flowers, and hispid achenes.
Senecio otophorus Wedd. var. christophori Cuatr., nov. var.
Herba robusta ramosa. Kami arachnoideo-lanati.
Folia crassiuscula firma, superne sessilia ovato-lanceolata oblonga
basi rotundato-auriculata amplexicaulia , inferiora petiolata sed basi
quoque auriculato-amplectentia, intermedia circa basim strangulata,
margine argute dentata revolutaque, supra viridis indumento arach-
noideo deciduo munita, infra dense lanato tomentosa albicantia, 4-8
cm. longa, 7-28 mm. lata.
Panicula terminalis plus minusve copiosa, ramulis pedunculisque
dense lanatis. Involucrum plus minusve lanato-tomentosum bracteis
lanceolatis 10-12 mm. longis margine scariosis. Calyculus poly-
phyllus imbricatus bracteis lanceolatis interioribus involucre dimidio
brevioribus. Flosculis crebris (circa 100) 8 mm. longis tubulo capilla-
ri 4 mm. longo, limbo late campanulato 4 mm. apice argute deltoideo-
dentato. Stigmata truncata longe caudato-penicillata.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cundinamarca: Bogota, San Cristobal 3000-
3300 m. alt. Bushy mountain valley. Fl. yellow. Collect. Sept. 1917,
F. W. Pennell 2047 (NY.) (isotype US, F).
S. otophorus v. christophori is very different from S. otophorus by its
larger and thicker leaves with abundant woolly tomentum on the lower
surface and by the loose, arachnoid, woolly tomentum which covers its
branchlets and involucre. The latter is longer and the heads are
larger than in the typical form; the branchlets of the inflorescence are
more robust. It represents an adaptation to the lower open bushes of
the paramos. This plant could be regarded as a different species,
were it not for intermediates with S. otophorus (like Pittier 1139,
Huila and A. Joseph A 500 Buitrago).
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 23
Senecio Guadalupe Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex (ad arbusculam?) ramis terminalibus robustis rigidis dense
longeque hirsutis pilis subramentaceis.
Folia alterna siniplicia petiolata rigide coriacea. Petiolus 12-16
mm. longus basim vaginato-dilatatus supra anguste sulcatus subtus
teres densissime hirsutus. Lamina ovato-elliptica oblonga basi trun-
cata, vel valde obtusa et asymmetrica, apice abrupte acutata vel ob-
tusiuscula, margine repando denteta revoluta, 4-5 cm. longa, 14-24 cm.
lata; supra in sicco brunnescens, nitida in juvenilibus araneoso-
tomentella denique fere glabra, costa depressa tomentulosa nervis
secundariis conspicuis tomentellis, venulis impressis plus minusve
visibilibus; subtus densissime ochraceo-crispo-tomentosa, costa
crassa elevata rubra hirsuta, nervis secundariis 6-8 patulis promi-
nulis paulo conspicuis.
Inflorescentia terminalis erecta robusta paniculata basi foliosa 8-18
cm. expansa, conferte floribunda. Ramuli rubescenti robusti erecto-
patenti dense ferrugineo-hirsuti pilis subramentaceis longis patulis
flexuosisque. Capitula discoidea in ramulis terminalis 8-10 sub-
corymbosi disposita. Pedicelli 14-3 mm. longi dense hirsuti aliquis
bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acutis 4-8 mm. longis muniti. Calyculus
8-10 bracteis lineari-acutis 4-6 mm. longis 1-1.2 mm. latis sub-biseria-
tis pagina subglabra in sicco rubescens marginibus hirsutulis. In-
volucrum tubuloso-campanulatum 9 bracteis 8-9 mm. longis, 5 exteriori-
bus linearibus acutis 1.5 mm. latis, 4 interioribus oblongis acutiuscu-
lis 3 mm. latis glabris subnitidis in sicco rubescentibus tantum apice
minute cilio latis. Receptaculum fimbrilliferum circa 2 mm. diam.,
squamis acutissimis plus 1 mm. longis. Flores omni tubulosi, herma-
phroditi circa 34 in capitulo. Corollae luteae in sicco rubescentes
6-7.5 mm. longae glabrae tubulo 1.5-2 mm. longo, limbo 5-5.5 mm.
longo, apice profunde dentatis. Antherae 2.5 mm. longae basi sagitta-
tae. Stigmata obtusa penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus quam
corolla balde brevior.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cundinamarca, paramo southeast of Guada-
lupe, near Bogota, 3300-3400 m. alt. Shrub. Fl. yellow. Collect.
Sept. 27, 1917 F. W. Pennell 2254 (NY) (isotype US), F(frag.)
S t Guadalupe is close to S, culombianus Cuatr. and can be easily
distinguished by its hirsute indumentum (not arachnoid woolly) of the
branchlets, inflorescence and the midrib of the leaves. Furthermore it
has more rigid and coarser leaves and slightly larger heads.
Senecio frigidophilus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex, ramis erectis subverticillate ramificatis, terminalibus glab-
ris cum foliis imbricatis vel subimbricatis obtectis, vel inferne
cicatricoso-squamatis vaginibus persistentibus foliorum delapsorum
causa.
Folia alterna sessilia coriacea viridia subnitentia glabra, vel mar-
gine parce minuteque ciliolata; lamina elliptica vel suborbiculata
24 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
utrinque rotundata vel obtusa apice abrupte leviterque acutata 5-10
ram. longa, 4-7 mm. lata basi vagina lata amplectenti, tantum nervo
medio conspicuo reliqua laevis.
Inflorescentiae terminates corymbosae 10-12 capitulis discoideis
congestis. Pedicelli 3-8 mm. longi puberuli. Calyculus 6-7 bracteis
imbricatis ovato-lanceolatis acutis 2-4 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. lads
crispo-pubescentibus. Involucrum campanulatum 8 bracteis oblongis
acutiusculis 6 mm. longis 2-2.5 mm. latis, viridibus crispo-puberulis
margine membranaceis ciliolulatis. Flores hermaphroditi tubulosi
lutei. Corolla 5 mm. longa (non totale evoluta). Antherae basi caudi-
culatae. Rami stigmatici obtusi papillosi. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
5 mm. longus albus setis apice incrassatis papilloso-clavatis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca, Nevado del Cocuy, alto valle de Las
Lagunillas, en la morrena Silla Larga, 4400-4500 in. alt., collect
12-IX-1938, J. Cuatrecasas 1498. (F).
S. f rigid ophilus, growing in the highest and coldest parts of the
Nevado del Cocuy, is closely related to S. flosfragans Cuatr., but is
distinguished by its pappus hairs the tips of which are thickened by
numerous papillae present; in addition it has shorter, obtuse, 'sessile
leaves, a less developed calycle which is pubescent like the invo-
lucre.
Senecio novolanatus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis congestis, ramulis lanuginosis vaginibus coriaceis
foliorum delapsorum dense tectis.
Folia rigide coriacea alterna breviter petiolata, in ramulis terminali-
bus subfasciculatis conferta patula. Petiolus 2-3 mm. longus planus
coriaceus basi in vaginam amplexicaulem persistentem subtus glabrarn
ampliatus. Lamina elliptic o-oblonga acuta basi subite in latum petio-
lum angustata, margine laevis, utrinque tomento crasso lanato albo vel
cinereo obtecta, sed in foliis vetustis glabrescens vel glabrata paginis
sublaevis tantum costa subtus paulo conspicua, 10-22 mm. longa
3-6 mm. lata.
Inflorescentiae terminales corymbosae 5-10 capitulis discoideis
congestis, folia superiora vix superantibus. Pedicelli 10-4 mm. longi
dense lanati aliquis bracteis linearibus acutis 3-6 mm. longis lanugi-
nosis muniti, 3-5 superioribus ad niodum caliculi dispositis. Involu-
crum campanulatum 12-13 bracteis oblongis acutis, 5-6.5 n:m. longis,
exterioribus 1.5, interioribus ad 3 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso
arachnoideo-lanatis sub-apice g la brat is apice ciliolatis basim magis
lanatis. Flores tubulosi hermaphroditi 40-52 in capitulo, corolla lutea
glabra 5-5.5 mm. longa, tubulo 1.5 mm. Antherae basi breviter sagitta-
tae. Stigmata truncata papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus setis, in
sicco stramineis, pilosiusculis apice crassiuscule papillosis clavato-
dilatatis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Santander: Paramo de Santurban, near Vetas,
3950-4160 m. alt., 'collect. Jan. 17, 1927 E. K. Killip & Albert C.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 25
Smith 17505. "Low compact shrub, florets yellow, pappus light green."
(US.) (fragment in F.).
Cotype: Killip & Smith 17463 same locality. (US).
S. novolanatus is close to S. ledifolius (HBK) DC. but differs from
that species by its harder, more rigid, patulous leaves, which are
arachnoid-woolly, woolly-tomentose (not sericeo-lanate) or sometimes
floccose, its more coriaceous and persistent foliar sheets, the larger
heads with longer and broader bracts and more numerous flowers, and
by the pappus hairs the tips of which are enlarged by numerous hairy
papillas. Careful study of the Killip and Smith plant suggests the
possibility of its identity with Cacalia lanata HBK, of which I have
seen only a photograph. In herbaria, S. lanatus DC. was formerly
applied to a well represented and common species, Cacalia ledifolia
HBK. I have identified many sheets of this species on the basis of
typical material of C. ledifolia and treated C. lanata as a synonym of
C. ledifolia. Since seeing the Killip and Smith specimens, I doubt
again whether this synonymy is correct, although this does not affect
the name of our species, as Senecio lanatus DC is a later homonym.
Senecio Ellsworthii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba robusta 0.60-3 m. alta, plus minusve ramosa, ramis fistulosis
striatis glabris viridi-pallidis.
Folia alterna subcoriacea crassiuscula pallido-viridia glaberrima
subsessilia. Petiolus 3-6 mm. longus glaber, basim versus latior
vaginatus amplectens. Lamina ovata apice acuminata, basi cordata
amplexicaulis, margine leviter revoluta argute serrata dentibus paten-
tibus callosulis 3-8 mm. remotis, maxima vidi 18 cm. longa, 9 cm. lata
in ramis superioribus minor; supra costa prominula, nervis secundariis
7-12, arcuato-ascendentibus leviter prominulis, venulis obsoletis;
subtus costa magis prominenti, nervis secundariis prominulis, venulis
parum conspicuis.
Inflorescentia terminalis magna laxissime paniculata, ad 40 cm.
expansa, axi ramulisque rubescentibus glabris brachiatis. Ramuli
teneres sed rigidi bracteolas anguste lineares acutas 8-3 mm. longas
gracilis ferentes. Pedicelli gracilliter capillares rubescentes recti
vel paulo tlexuosi, 8-5 bracteis angustissimis acutis circa 2 mm.
longis muniti, 2.5-3.5 cm. longi, apice 2-4 bracteolis linearibus ad
capitulum adpressis vix calyculum formantibus. Involucrum tubuloso-
campanulatum, 8-9 bracteis lineari-oblongis acutis, 8 mm. longis,
exterioribus 1.5 mm. lat. interioribus 2-2.2 mm. lat., purpurascentibus
glabris, apice ciliolatis. Flores omnes hermaphroditi tubulosi, circa
16 in capitulo. Corollae viridi-pallidae 9-9.5 mm. longae, tubulo 5 mm.
longo, limbo campanulato profunde 5-dentato dentibus 1.5 mm. longis.
Antherae 2.5 mm. longae basi breviter sagittatae viridulae. Kami
stigmatici crassiusculi-conici breviter papillosi. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus a Ibid us, 7-8 mm. longus.
26 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Type: Colombia, Dep. Santander: Northern slope of Mesa de los
Santos, alt. 1000-1500 m., collect. Dec. 1926, E. P. Killip et Albert C.
Smith 15398. "Coarse herb, 4-10 feet; bracts purple-red; corolla grass-
green styles grass-green; pappus whire. In open." (US.) (fragment
in F.).
Cotype: Colombia, Dep. Santander: Between El Roble and Tona,
alt. 1500-1900 m. Woods, collect. Febr. 1927, Ellsworth P. Killip &
A. C. Smith 19413. "Herb 2-6 ft.; florets greenish yellow."
S. Ellsworthii is one of the most peculiar species of Senecio in
Colombia. It is especially striking on account of its large terminal
panicles with slender, filiform, reddish, divaricate branchlets, and
long capillary pedicels. The involucres are purplish and the corollas
yellow-greenish. The leaves are large, thick, subsessile and amplexi-
caul, serrate with acute, small teeth. The stigmas have an abrupt,
conical prolongation at the top of the terminal enlargement.
Senecio diamantensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ramulis brunneis vel ferrugineis dense hirsuto-
tomentosis, pilis conic is crassiusculis dense tectis acutis praecipue
arcuatis.
Folia alterna membranacea petiolata. Petiolus 5-12 mm. longus
puberulus vel tomentellus valde angustus. Lamina obovata vel sub-
ovata, apice rotundata vel obtusa, basi subite contracta, cuneata supra
pattern superiorem petioli decurrens, margine obtuse serrata dentibus
muticis vel mucronatis, 2-4 cm. longa, 13-22 cm. lata; supra viridis
vel atroviridis subnitens glabra vel minutissimis sparsissimis pilis
munita nervo medio anguste impresso puberulo, reliquis nervis obsole-
tis; subtus pallidior subglabra costa prominenti puberula, nervis
secundaris 8-9 utroque latere, parce prominulis patentibus marginem
versus reticulato-evanescentibus venulis delicatulis in reticulo visi-
bili, sparsissime puberula.
Inflorescentiae terminales et in ultimis axilliis foliorum, paniculas
plus minusve foliosas, plus minusve amplas formantes. Pedunculi
ramusculique ferruginei hirsuto-tomentosi bracteis lineari-lanceolatis
acutis tomentellis 5-2 mm. longis. Pedicelli 3-6 mm. longi teneres
rig id i erecti tomentelli aliquis bracteolis lanceolatis ciliatis m unit is
apicem versus 4-5 circa 2 mm. longis ad modum calyculum formantibus.
Capitula tubuloso-campanulata discoidea parva. Involucrum tubulosum
8 bracteis linearibus acutis 6 mm. longis 1-1.2 mm. latis pallidissime
viridulus glabris margine scariosis apice brevissime ciliolulatis.
F lores hermaphroditi tubulosi 12 in capitulo. Corollae albae glabrae
5-5.5 mm. longae, tubulo 2.5 mm. longo, limbo infundibuliformi profunde
5-dentato. Antherae basi obtusiusculi. Stigmata truncata papilloso-
penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albus 4 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental: Los Fara-
llones, Quebrada de Las Nieves, paramos sobre la mina El Diamante,
3000-3120 m. alt., collect. 31-VII-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 21821. "Beju-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 27
co. Hoja verde brillante oscuro haz, claro enves. Involucre amarillo
verdoso blanquecino. Corola blanca." (F).
Cotype: Id. id. Los Farallones, filo de la Cordillera, extreme N en
cerro Alto del Buey, paramos 3500-3600 m. alt. collect. Oct. 1944
J. Cuatrecasas 17966. "Frutex bejucoso. Hoja semicoriacea, flex-
ible, verde grisacea clara, algunas rojas o con nervios rojizos. Invo-
lucro blanquecino verdoso. Corola blanca. E stigmas blancho amari-
llentos." (F).
S, diamantensis is related to S. arboreus (HBK) DC. and S. wein-
mannifolius Cuatr., but differs, among other characters, by its leaves
which are not reticulate. It can be separated from S. theaefolius
Benth. by the shape of its leaves and its tomentose branchlets.
Senecio antioquensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis scandentibus. Ramuli foliosi dense crasseque tomen-
tosi badi vel ferruginei.
Folia alterna subcoriacea petiolata viridia, in sicco brunnescentia.
Petiolus circa 5 mm. longus mediocriter robustus, tomentosus basi
incrassatus. Lamina lanceolata basi late cuneata, apicem versus at-
tenuata acuta, margine integra irregulariter revoluta; 3.5-7 cm. longa,
12-25 mm. lata; supra nervo medio impresso leviter puberulo, reliqua
glabra nitens minute et prominule reticulato-venosa; subtus nervo
medio crasso prominenti tomentosi, nervis lateralibus 8-12 utroque
latere prominentibus patulis marginem versus furcatis evanescentibus
tomentulosis, reliquis venulis in reticulum anastomosatis plus minus-
ve tomentellis.
Inflorescentiae terminales et axillares foliorum superiorum panicu-
las foliosas elongatas formantes. Pedunculi ramuli pedicellique
tomentosi. Capitula cylindrica discoidea. Pedicelli 0-2 mm. longi.
Calyculus plerumque 5 bracteis lineari-lanceolatis 1-1.6 mm. longis
acutis puberulo-ciliatis. Involucrum 8 bracteis lineari-oblongis sub-
obtusis, glabris apice breviter ciliolatis, margine anguste scariosis,
4-4.5 mm. longis 1 mm. latis. F lores tubulosi hermaphroditi plerum-
que 10, praeanthesi involucre valde breviores. Corollae albae 3.5
mm. longae glabrae tubulo 1.3 mm., limbo infundibuliformi dcntibus
profundis 0.7 mm. longis apice papillosulis. Antherae basi obtusae.
Stigmata truncata paulo papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus pilis
scabridis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Antioquia, San Pedro collect. Nov. 1937
Bro. Tomas Alberto 252. (US).
Cotypes: Antioquia: Jerico, collect. Dec. 1940, Hnos. Daniel &
Tomas 2688. "Semivoluble, 2-3 m. long." (US)
Antioquia: San Pedro, collect. De:. 1937, Hnos. Daniel
& Tomas 1471. "Flexible, semi-shrub, flo. white." (US, F).
S. antioquensis is close to S. tamaensis Cuatr. but differs by hav-
ing always a more or less dense tomentum on the lower side of the
28 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
leaves, bracts, and calycle. The indumentum on the branchlets of the
inflorescence is thicker than in S. tamaensis which has glabrous
leaves and calycle. Furthermore, S. antioquensis has very short pedi-
cels often with subsessile flowers and short, thick petioles; before
a nth e sis, the flowers are much shorter than the involucre.
Senecio Archeri Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens usque ad 10 met. longus. Kami terminales laeves
glabri viridi-pallidi.
Folia alterna subcoriacea petiolata patentia glaberrima in sicco
brunneo-olivacea. Petiolus 10-15 mm. longus, angustus rigidus, supra
canaliculatus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga vel elliptico-lanceolata, basi
obtuse cuneata apice acuminata valde acuta, margine paulo revoluta
minute arguteque denticulata dentibus callosis, 6-9 cm. longa 2-4 cm.
lata; supra costa depressa, nervis secundariis venulisque minute
reticulatis paulo depressis vel elevato-reticulatis; subtus costa ele-
vata, venulis graciliter reticulatis nervis secundariis ascendentibus
8-10 utroque latere paulo conspicioribus.
Inflorescentia terminalis panicula elongata basi foliosa. Axis ra-
mulique (2 cm. longi) paulo tomentelli, bracteolis linearibus brevibus.
Pedicelli puberuli 2-4 mm. longis aliquis bracteolis anguste lineari-
bus apice vix caliculum formantibus. Capitula discoidea. Involucrum
campanulatum 8 bracteis viridibus glabris ovatis apice acutis, 5 mm.
longis 2-3 mm. latis, margine scariosis. Flores tubulosi hermaphro-
diti 20. Corolla 6 mm. longa, glabra tubulo 2.5 mm. apice dentata.
Antherae basi caudatae. Stigmata obtusa truncata breviter papillosa.
Ovarium glabrum striatum. Pappus albidus 5-6 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Antioquia: near Medelhn, collect. Febr.
1931, W. A. Archer 1581. "Climbing 30 ft. Corolla pale green.
Sepals shiny green, waxen." (US) (fragm.F). Other collection:
Antioquia: Santa Elena, collect. 12-28-30 W. A. Archer 1165. "Vine
10-30 ft." (US).
S. Archeri is one of those vines which resemble S. theaefolius
Benth. and S. tamaensis Cuatr. but is distinguished by being glab-
rous, by its rigid, long petiolate, minutely dentate leaves, its broad
campanulate involucre with broader bracts, and by its sagittate
anthers.
Senecio supernitens Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ramis pallidis laevis glabris.
Folia alterna coriacea petiolata glaberrima utrinque valde nitida.
Petiolus 5-10 mm. longus supra sulcatus basi paulo incrassatus in
sicco nigrus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga utrinque attenuata, basi cune-
ata apice acuta, margine integerrima 7-9 cm. longa, 2.8-3.6 cm. lata,
supra costa impressa, nervis lateralibus paulo elevatis venulis promi-
nulis graciliter minuteque reticulatis; subtus costa crassa elevata in
sicco nigrescenti, nervis secundariis prominulis 7-8 utroque latere,
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 29
ascendentibus arcuatis marginem versus anastomosantibus, venulis
minute reticulatis conspicuis.
Inf lore see ntia terminalis robusta corymboso-paniculata 12 cm. lata
axi ramulisque viridi-nigrescentibus breviter puberulis. Bracteae
lineari-lanceolatae 8-2 mm. longae sparse ciliato-puberulae. Pedi-
celli teneres 5-15 mm. longi erecti tomentelli 3-8 bracteolis parvis
muniti apice 3-4 bracteolis 1.5-2 mm. longis ad basim capituli parvum
calyculum formantibus. Capitula radiata. Involucrum tubuloso-
campanulatum 13-14 bracteis linearibus 5-6 mm. longis 1-1.5 mm.
latis glabris dorso viridibus margine scariosis apice acutiusculis
ciliolulatis. Flores feminei marginales ligulati 8-10, corolla lutea 10
ram. longa, tubulo 3 mm., lamina oblonga minute tridentata, 6 mm.
longa 2 mm. lata. Flores disci hermaphroditi tubulosi; corolla lutea
glabra 6.5-7 mm. longa, tubulo 2.6 mm., limbo tubuloso-infundibuli-
forme, apice 5 dentato dentibus angustis 0.8 mm. longis; antherae
basi sagittatae; stigmata truncata breviter penicillata. Ovarium
glabrum. Pappus alb us.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Antioquia: Medellin, estacion experimental
"Tulio Ospina", collect. 3-8-1931 W. A. Archer 1652. "Climbing 15
ft.; fl. yellow, Ivs. learthy." (US), (fragm.F.)
S. supernitens is close to S. caliensis Cuatr., but differs from that
and other Climbing species from Colombia by its coriaceous leaves
which are finely reticulate and shiny on both sides. S. supernitens
has a greater number of involucral bracts which are narrower than
those of S. caliensis; the ligules are larger, the longer disc corollas
have a shorter tube and a longer tubulose limb with shorter teeth.
Senecio haticoensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ramis divaricatis, extremis viridibus laevis nitidis
glaberrimis.
Folia alterna membranacea, crassiuscula petiolata viridia glaberri-
ma. Petiolus tenuis 5-10 mm. longis. Lamina ovoidea vel ovato-
oblonga basi obtuse cuneata, apice angustata acuta, margine laevis,
in sicco paulo revoluta utrinque laevis, supra nervo medio v.ix con-
spicuis, subtus costa prominula, nervis secundariis 4-5 utroque latere
curvati-ascendentibus tantum in sicco paulo visibilibus, 3-6 cm. long.
15-28 mm. latis j in ramis inferioribus ad 11 x 4.5 cm.
Inf lore scentiae paniculatae terrainales usque 20 cm. expansae basi
foliosae, ramis ascendentibus vel patulis glabris vel parce puberulis,
bracteolis lineari-lanceolatis 10-3 mm. longis glabris superioribus
angustissimis. Pedicelli 5-20 mm. longi, teneres rigidi vel paulo
flexuosi parce puberuli. Capitula radiata erecta. Calyculus obsole-
tus, tantum 1-3 bracteolis minutis apice pedice'li praeditus. Involu-
crum cylindricum 6-7 mm. longum, 8 bracteis lineari-oblongis glabris
vel parcissirae puberulis, apice acutiusculis ciliatis, 1.2-1.8 mm.
latis. Flores marginales 5 feminei ligulatae, corolla lutea 10 mm.
longa, tubulo capillari 4 mm. longo, ligula elliptico-oblonga 6 mm.
30 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
longa 2 mm. lata apice minute bidentata. Flores centrales herma-
phroditi 10-12, corolla 8 mm. longa, tubulo 4 mm. longo, limbo tubu-
loso apice 5 dentato dentibus linearibus 1 mm. longis; antherae basi
sagittatae; stigmata truncata breviter penicillata. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus albidus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Norte de Santander. Western of Paramo del
Hatico en route from Toledo to Pamplona, alt. 2800-2900 m. edge of
woods, collect. March 13, 1927 E. P. Killip & Albert C. Smith 20735.
"Vine; rays yellow; florets orange." (US). (frag.F).
Cotypes: id. id.: Culaga Valley near Tapata (north of Toledo)
1500-2100 m., woods along stream, collect. E. P. Killip & A. C.
Smith 20488. "Herbaceous vine; rays and florets yellow." (US)
Id. id.: Paramo del Hatico, collect. E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith
20581. (US).
Id. id.: Road from Pamplona to Toledo, crossing the divide be-
tween Rio La Teja and Rio Mesme, alt. 2800-3000 m.; dense woods;
coll. E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 19872. "Woody vine; rays and
florets yellow". (US).
S, haticoensis is a very characteristic vine, the leaves of which
are presumably fleshy when fresh and smooth without visible nerves
coming off at an acute angle and scarcely perceptible when dry; the
lamina is acute at the apex and attenuated into a narrow petiole at
the base. The anthers are sagittate. Its smaller leaves and heads
distinguish it from S. nigellus Badillo.
Senecio Tomasianus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex circa 3 met. altus, ramis laevibus vel paulo striatis glabris
vel parcissime minuteque puberulis.
Folia alterna membranacea petiolata glabra. Petiolus praecipue 15
mm. longus flexuosis supra sulcatus, basi paulo incrassatus. Lamina
elliptico-ob longa utrinque attenuata basi obtuse cuneata apice acuta,
margine integerrima in sicco paulo revoluta, 6.5-10 cm. longa, 2.6-3.5
cm. lata; supra tantum nervo medio signato reliqua levis; subtus costa
crasse prominenti, nervis secundariis leviter prominulis 6-7 utroque
latere ascendentibus marginem versus evanescenti-anastomosatis;
reliquis nervulis reticulatis obsoletis.
Inflorescentia terminalis corymboso-paniculata circa 12 cm. lata,
basi foliosa. Ramuli ascendenti striolati plus minusve tomentelli,
bracteis linearibus acutis, 5-2 mm. longis. Capituli radiati cylindrici
elongati. Pedicelli 1-6 mm. longi. Calyculus 34 bracteolis brevibus
linearibus acutis 2-3 mm. longis parcissime puberulis. Involucrum
cylindricum 8-10 bracteis oblongis 7-7.5 ram. longis 1.5-3 mm. latis
dorso viridibus glabris basi puberulis margine scariosis apice acutius-
culis. Flores feminei 6-8 marginales ligulati 8-9 mm. longi, tubulo
filiform! 4.5 mm. longi, ligula elliptico-oblonga 3.5-4 mm. longa, 1
mm. lata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi circa 14, corolla
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 31
7.5 mm. longa tubulo angusto filiform! 4-4.5 mm. longi, limbo infundi-
buliformi 5 dentibus oblong is 1.5-2 mm. longis; antherae basi sagitta-
tae. Stigmata truncata penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
stramineus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Antioquia: San Pedro, collect. Aug. 30,
1939 Bro. Tomas 595. "Shrub about 3 m. high, flowers yellow, wet
places." (US).
S. Tomas ianus is related to S. breviligulatus Hieron. but differs
substantially from that and other related species by its very close
bracts forming a long and tubular involucre which is somewhat con-
tracted below the apex. Its flowers are also typical, as the lower
part is long and filiform. The leaves are smooth on the upper side
but show obsolete secondary nerves on the lower side and are pre-
sumably fleshy when fresh.
Senecio Danielis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex 2 met. alta, ramis terminalibus pendulis vel erectis viridi-
pallidis sublaevibus leviter striolatis glabris.
FoJia alterna membranacea petiolata glabra. Petiolus 5-7 mm.
longus plus minusve flexuosus supra sulcatus. Lamina elliptico-
oblonga utrinque attenuata basi obtuse cuneata apice acutata, mar-
gine integra, in sicco paulo revoluta, 3.5-5.5 cm. longa, 13-25 cm.
lata; supra costa impressa, reliqua laevis, nervulis obsoletis; subtus
costa eminenti nervis lateralibus 6-7 utroque latere leviter conspicuis
ascendentibus, nervulis obsoletis.
Panicula terminalis corymbosa vel subcorymbosa axis robustus
glanduloso-puberulus, ramulis striatis glanduloso-tomentellis vel
pubescentibus, bracteolis lanceolatis munitis. Pedicelli 6-20 mm.
longi mediocri vel robusti, erecti pubescentes. Calyculus 2-3 brac-
teolas lineares angustas parvas reductus. Involucrum campan.ulatum
12 bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis 1.5-1.8 mm. latis 5 mm. longis., dorso
viridibus puberulis vel glabratis, margine scariosis. Capitula radiata.
Flores marginales feminei ligulati, corolla 12-14 mm. longa, tubulo
filiformi 4 mm. longi, ligula anguste lineari 8-11 mm. longa 1.5 mm.
lata apice minute 3-denticulata 4-nervata. Flores centra les herma-
phroditi tubulosi, circa 40, corolla 6 mm. longa, tubulo 2.5 mm. longo,
limbo infundibuliformi apice profunde dentato; antherae basi sagitta-
tae; stigmata truncata penicillata. Ovarium glabrum striatum. Pappus
stramineo-albidus.
Type: Colombia, Antioquia: Paramo de Sonson, 2700-2850 m. col-
lect. Jan. 26, 1945 Bro. Daniel 3418. "Mas menos 2 met. Flores
amarillas." (US).
S. Danielis is close to S. elliptic if olius Hieron. and characterized
by its long and narrow ligules, its thicker leaves with scarcely vis-
ible nerves, shorter and thicker petiole, and a larger number of invo-
lucral bracts (12-13, instead of 7-8).
32 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Senecio Jahnii Cuacr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, ramis terminalibus paulo s triads glabris.
Folia alterna subcoriacea crassiuscula in sicco obscura fragile
membranacea petiolata glabra. Petiolus tenuis plus minusve flexu-
osus 5-15 mm. longus. Lamina ovata basi rotundata vel obtusa apice
acutata subacuminata, margine integerrima, 3.5-9 cm. longa, 2.5-5.5
cm. lata, supra costa et 2 nervis lateralibus paulo conspicuis subtus
costa prominula 2 nervis lateralibus curvis ascendentibus cum mar-
gine parallelis conspicuis reliquis nervulis obliquis obsoletis.
Inflorescentiae singulis corymbis subterminalibus in paniculam
subcorymbosam terminalem aggregatis. Capitula grandia radiata pedi-
cello 7-15 mm. longo, filiform! parcissime puberuli 1-3 bracteolis
linearibus secundum muniti. Calyculus 8-10 bracteolis linearibus
glabris vel leviter puberulis 5-10 mm. long is, 0.5-1 mm. latis, flexuo-
sis ad basim capkulum et subapicem pedicelli insertis conformatus.
Involucrum tubulosum 8 bracteis oblongis apice acutis, 12-13 mm.
longis 3 mm. latis, crassiusculis glabris dorso viridibus margine
stramineis. Flores marginales feminei radiati circa 5, corolla lutea
circa 20 mm. longa, tubulo angusto filiformi 10-11 mm. longo, ligula
9-10 mm. longa 2-2.5 mm. lata. Flores centrales 8-10 hermaphroditi
corolla tubulosa 13 mm. longa basi abrupte dilatata apicero versus
tubuloso-infundibuliformi sine sensu ampliata, dentibus acutis 1.5
ram. longis. Antherae basi muticae. Stigmata subtruncata penicillata.
Ovarium glabrum. Pappus a Ibid us 11 mm. longus.
Type: Venezuela: Rio Chico, Miranda, collect. May 30, 1923
Alfredo Jahn 1226. (US), (frag.F).
S. Jahnii is similar to S. cobrensis Cuatr. but differs from it by
larger heads, longer ligules (the tube being 10 mm. long and the
lamina comparatively narrow and long), larger and thicker disc corol-
las, and a calycle formed by a greater number of long and flexuose
bracts. In S. Jahnii the petiole of the leaves is shorter and, on the
under side of the lamina, two subbasal curved veins extend to the
apex. Several less conspicuous, spreading veins are present in S.
cobrensis. S. Jahnii has pubescent pedicels whereas S. cobrensis
has glabrous ones.
Senecio mamancanacanus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis terminal is lanato-arachnoideis.
Folia alterna coriacea leviter petiolata. Petiolus 2-3 mm. longus.
Lamina elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga, basi obtusa apice paulo at-
tenuata subrotundata, margine integra paulo revoluta, 22-35 mm. longa
8-16 mm. lata; supra viridis in juvenilibus arachnoideo-lanuginosa
denique glabra; subtus dense tomentosa albicans; tantura nervo medio
utrinque conspicuis.
Inflorescentiae paniculatae terminales foliosae, singulis corymbis
oligocephalis in axillis foliorum superiorum dispositis, ramuli pedun-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 33
culi pedicellique crassiusculi flexuosi plus minusve albo sericeo-
lanati. Pedicelli 5-12 mm. long! 1-2 bracteas lineares 4-6 mm. longas
lanatas ferentes. Calyculus circa 14 bracteolis linearibus acutis
albo-lanatis, 5-7 mm. longis 2-3 seriatus instructus. Involucrum 20
bracteis oblongis apice acutis, 9.5 mm. longis 1.8-2.2 mm. latis mar-
gine scariosis dorso herbaceo arachnoideo lanato albicanti. Capitula
radiata. Receptaculum alveolatum 4 mm. diam. Flores marginales
feminei 20, ligulatae, corolla 14 mm. longa, tubulo filiformi 4 mm.
longo, lamina oblonga obtusa 9 mm. longa, 2.5 mm. lata apice minute
3-denticulata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi 100 vel ultra
in capitulo, corolla 6.5 mm. longa glabra, tubulo 2-6 mm. longo, limbo
tubuloso-ampliato. Antherae basi muticae. Kami stigmatici truncati
papillosuli. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sericeus 6-7 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, upper Mamancanaca
Valley, south side of the major peaks, collect. March 1939 Cabot Ex-
pedition no. 6. (Gray Herb.) (frag.F).
S. mamancanacanus is related to the species of the Sect. Reflexus
and close to S. lingulatus (Schr.) Cuatt., but strikingly different in
view of its radiate heads.
Senecio Carrikeri Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex, ramis terminalibus erectis viridulis glabris nitidis.
Folia alterna coriacea subsessilia viridia glaberrima. Petiolus 1-3
mm. longus basi incrassatus. Lamina lineari-lanceolata utrinque
angustata basi subcuneata apice subacuta rautica, margine integra in
sicco curvato-revoluta, 4-6 cm. longa 6.5-10 mm. lata; costa supra
impressa, subtus crassa eminent!; nervis lateralibus 8-10 utroque
latere obsoletis.
Capitula discoidea. Inflorescentiae terminales corymboso-panicu-
latae, breves, 3-7 cm. latae basi foliosae omnes glaberrimae. Ramuli
teneres praecipue flexuosi breves, bracteolis linearibus acutis; spar-
sis muniti. Pedicelli 5-10 mm. longi, 1-2 bracteati. Calyculus 3-4
bracteolis 2-3 mm. longis linearibus acutis instructus. Involucrum
etiam glaberrimum 8-10 bracteis subcoriaceis, 5.5 cm. longis, 1.5-2.5
mm. latis, margine scariosis, dorso viridibus. Flores omnes tubulosi
circa 28 hermaphroditi, corolla 7 mm. longa, tubulo circa 3 mm. longo.
Antherae basi obtusae. Stigmata truncata penicillata. Ovarium glab-
rum. Pappus albus.
Type: Colombia, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; Rio Guatapuri
("Mitocua") alt. 10,500 ft., narrow, deep gulch running up mountain
side, about a mile above river, collect. March 29, 1946 M. A. Carriker
56. (US), (frag.F).
S. Carrikeri is closely related to S. pulchellus DC. but differs in
the shape of its leaves which are larger, subsessile and more attenu-
ate toward the tip, larger involucres, glabrous inflorescence, smooth
and more divaricate branchlets, and ascending leaves.
34 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Senecio cachacoensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramulis erectis griseis toraentulosis terminalibus tomentoso-
hirsutis.
Folia alterna subcoriacea petiolata copiosa. Petiolus circiter 5
mm. longus angustus hirsutulus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga oblanceo-
lata, apice obtusiuscula vel acutiuscula, basim in petiolum angustata
cuneata, margine repando crenato-dentata, in sicco plus minusve revo-
luta 3 - 3-5 cm. longa 9-19 mm. lata, utrinque viridis, supra glaberrima
nitida sublaevis, nervo medio paulo conspicuo; subtus costa promi-
nenti parce strigosa reliqua superficie glabra nervis lateralibus in-
conspicuis.
Inflorescentia terminalis corymbosa basi foliosa 8-10 capitulis
longe pedicellatis, ramulis 1-3 floribus vel pedicellis, 1.5-2.5 cm.
longis tenuibus scrigoso-hirsutulis aliquis bracteolis linearibus acutis
2-4 ram. longis munitis. Capitula radiata erecta. Calyculus 1-3 brac-
teolis minutis. Involucrum campanulatum 13 bracteis 4.5 mm. longis,
glabris, apice acutis ciliatis, viridibus, interioribus margine scariosis.
Flores marginales feminei 8-12 ligulatae. Corolla lutea, tubulo an-
gusto glabro 3 mm. longo, lamina late oblonga 8-9 mm. longa, 2.5-3
mm. lata 7-nervata apice obtusiuscula minute 3-dentata. Flores cen-
trales hermaphroditi 16-18 tubulosi corolla lutea 6 mm. longa glabra
tubulo 2 mm. longo, limbo infundibuliformi apice 5-dentato, antheris
basi breviter caudatis, stigmatibus truncatis breviter penicillatis.
Ovarium glabrum pappus stramineus.
Type: Venezuela, Trujillo: Paramo de Cachaco, 3400-3700 m. alt.
collect. Nov. 7, 1927, Christ 85 (US).
S. cachacoensis, being shrubby and radiate, is characterized by its
elongate, smooth leaves, its tomentose-hirsute branchlets and certain
features of the heads and flowers. Because of the shape of the leaf
and inflorescence it is related to S. polymerus Klatt but differs from
that species by the indumentum and head structure. From S. venezu-
e lens is Sandwith ( - S. mucuyanus Cuatr.) it is easily separable by
its smaller, narrower leaves with a midrib which is strigulose on the
lower side, as well as the smaller and differently arranged head.
SENECIO FLORIBUNDUS Sch. Bip. ex Hieronymus, Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
29: 69 (1900)
This species is not synonymous with Vernonia floribunda as claimed
by Hieronymus. The type must be the plant cited by Hieronymus at
the end of its original description: Sodiro 59/19.
Field Museum photograph 15588 shows a sheet of the Willdenow
Herbarium in Berlin with the following quotation: "Ex Herb. Kunth
Cacalia floribunda. Ex Herb. Bonpl. "; another sheet annotated by
Hieronymus reads: "Senecio floribundus (Kunth) Sch. Bip. manuscr.
in Herb. Willds. no. 15073 syn. Vernonia floribunda Kunth, Humb.
Bonpl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. IV p. 38 (30).
Schultz Bipontinus and Hieronymus thought that this plant was the
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 35
type of Vernonia f lor ib undo and therefore Hieronymus wrote: "Spe-
cies a Kunthio errore generi Vernoniae associata et male descripta
..." (I.e.). Schultz B. made the transfer and Hieronymus published
the new combination followed by a complete description based on So-
diro's specimens.
Field Museum photograph 37325 shows the type of Vernonia flori-
b undo HBK from the Herbarium Bonpland preserved in Paris and
proofs that Kunth was right in considering the plant a Vernonia.
This species must be retained, whereas the plant from Berlin belongs
to Senecio floribundus, a name which must be considered valid for a
different species rather than used for the combination made by Hier-
onymus. Similar cases of confusion in taxonomy have resulted from
having accepted plants from the Willdenow Herbarium as isotypes of
Kunth without their being such. See Culcitium ledifolium in Fieldiana
Bot. 27: 47.
SENECIO POLYMERUS Klatt, Abhandl. Natur. Gese 11. Halle 15: 332(1882).
. S. sancti-sebastiani Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1941: 227 (1942).
Colombia: Funk 505 one leaf in Herb. Ch. Nat. Hist. Mus. (frag-
ment from Herb, in Vienna) and Photo 33329 from the specimen in
Vienna. It only has the annotation "Venezuela".
Cabot 2, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: Upper Mamancanaca Valley,
south side of the major peaks, 9500 ft. Herb 10-14 inches tall (Gray
Herb.). Cabot 3 (Id. id.) (Gray Herb.).
Apolinar Angel 653: Dept. Magdalena. Near rio Chinchina, between
Pueblo Bello and San Sebastian, 2000 met. alt. (US.)
These specimens agree with the detailed description given by
Sandwith except for minor differences in the measurements of heads
and flowers and a certain amount of polymorphism. S. polymerus is
well characterized by the arachnoid-membranaceous indument on its
branchlets and leaves; this feature and the form of its leaves and In-
florescence enabled me to identify these plants with Funk 505 which
in the Vienna Herbarium bears the name of S. polymerus Klatt. How-
ever, the type of this species is Funk 297 ("Caracas") which I have
not seen, but it may be supposed that whoever named the first number
checked it with the type. Klatt's description is incomplete and the
indument is described as "incano-tomentoso". However, the two
Funk specimens must have been collected in the same region and not
in "Caracas(( (Venezuela) as stated in Klatt's publication. I have
seen several specimens of Funk with numbers about 300 to 500 which
were collected in Colombia, in the Sierra de Santa Marta. The error
is due to a mistake in labelling many sheets of Funk and Schlim, on
which one can read "Sierra Nevada de Sta. Marta, Caracas". (See for
example Field Museum Photographs 28637, 28638 and 28639, Diplo-
stephium anactinotum, cyparissias, and microphyllum, respectively.)
Klatt who surely knew nothing about the Geography of northern South
36 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
America, gives as the locality for his S, polymerus "Caracas". This
plant belongs to the flora of Colombia and must not be listed for that
of Venezuela. The same error in labelling was apparently noticed by
Mez in his discussion of Stylogyne turbacensis (Pflanzenreich IV.
236: 270), in which he questioned "Caracas" as the actual locality.
I am convinced that the specimens Funk 297 and 505 belong to the
series from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta labelled with the errone-
ous addition of "Caracas".
SENECIO CANESCENS (H. et B.) Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 43
Culcitium canescens H. et B., PL Aeq. 2: 44
C ulcitium rufescens H. et B., PL Aeq. 2: 41
Senecio rufescens Cuatr., no HBK, Fieldiana Bot. 27: 45
No specific differences exist between the plants described by Hum-
boldt as Culcitium rufescens and C. canescens and by me as C*
boyacense. However, several geographical varieties can be dis-
tinguished. The reddish color of the plant given by Humboldt and
Bonpland as characteristic of their species is not very consistent;
white plants can become reddish on drying, thus desiccation may in-
fluence color. In my opinion the following specimens belong to the
typical form of this species:
Bonpland 3049: Peru (fragment from the Paris Herbar in F.)
Macbride & Featherstone: Peru, Huarapasca 16,500 feet (Us, F.)
Carriker: Peru, Libertad, Quirivilea (US, F.)
Killip & Smith 22062: Peru, Junfn, near Huancayo 4700 m. (US).
SENECIO CANESCENS var. boyacensis (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. status
Culcitium boyacense Cuatr., Caldasia I: 5
Senecio boyacensis Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 43
This variety includes all forms from the Oriental Cordillera of
Colombia with soft, long leaves, rather large heads, and thick indu-
mentum. Cuatr. 1372, Cuatr. & Garcia 1372 (Cocuy) (US, F, HNC),
Cuatr. & Garcia (Almorzadero) (F, US, HNC), Cuatr. 13528 (Almorza-
dero) (F, US, HNC), Arist. Joseph B-73 (hacia Suraapaz) (US).
SENECIO CANESCENS var. macrocephalus Cuatr., nov. var.
Capitula magna, 6-8 cm. lata, receptaculo circa 4 cm. lato. Folia
radicalia valde crassa late elliptico-lanceolata basi breviter attenu-
ata, costa crassa robusta, 15-24 cm. longa, 3.5-6 cm. lata.
Type: Colombia, Dept. Caldas, Nevado de Santa Isabel arenales
4420 m. alt., collect. J. Cuatrecasas 23208 (F).
This variety is found in the Cordillera Central of Colombia on the
paramos of Ruiz (Rovira 2, F.; Pennell 3030, NY, US; Dawe 767 NY,
US; Chardon 5025, US; Daniel 2088, F; Pennell & Hazen 9893, NY,
US; Cuatrecasas 9259.HNC, F), Purace'(Sneidern 1942, NY, F), Huila
(Pittier 1012, 1015, 1016, US, F.).
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-H 37
SENECIO CANESCENS var. elongatus Cuatr., nov. var.
Folia longiora basira versus longe attenuata, nervis conspicuis.
Inflorescentia ramosa. Capitula 4.5-5 cm. diam.
Type: Ecuador, Carchi: Pa'ramo del Angel, 3300-3800 m. alt.,
collect. Acosta -Sohs 10562 (F.)
This variety is limited to the paramos near the boundary between
southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. Other specimens seen are:
Garganta 421 (Lagune de Cumbal), Royo Gomez (Nevado del Cumbal);
Ecuador: Mexia 7508 (Carchi, US), Hitchcock 20911 (Tulcan, US),
Heinrich 659 (Pa'ramo del Angel, NY).
SENECIO CANESCENS var. ELONGATUS fma. magnificus Cuatr., nov. fma.
Planta elata polycephala, capitulis magnis. .
Type: Ecuador, Carchi, Paramo del Angel 12,000 ft., collect.
Edward Balls 7337 (US).
SENECIO CANESCENS var. ecuadoriensis Cuatr., nov. var.
Folia radicalia elongato-elliptica utrinque angustata, crassa, ner-
vis secundariis inconspicuis, capitulis solitariis vel paucis, medio-
cribus vel grandis, praecipue 5-6 cm. lat. Lana copiosa, in sicco
rufescens.
Type: Ecuador, Monte Pichincha near Quito 4100-4500 m., collect.
Hitchcock 21059 (US, NY).
Other specimens are: Pichincha (Mille 717, NY, US; Andre 176 and
3894, NY, F; Couthony, NY), Chimborazo (Hitchcock 21966, NY, US;
Rimbach 93, US), Imbabura (Penland & Summers 796. F). Corazon
(Andre 3780, NY), And. Quk. (Jameson 228, US, NY: USDA?, US;
Herb. Gray, NY).
This variety of the central Andes of Ecuador is close to var. macro-
cephalus but differs by its smaller, narrower leaves with longer
petioles but without the conspicuous nerves characteristic of the
Colombian variety; the heads are smaller (receptacle 3 cm. broad
or less).
SENECIO CANESCENS var. monocephalus (Wedd.) Cuatr., nov. status
Culcitium canescens var. monocephalum Weddell Chi. And. I: 138.
It is probable that this variety corresponds to a complex of Peruvian
forms of Culcitium rufescens whose type is not clear to me and the
descriptions of which (including the original one) may have been
made from a mixture of Peruvian and Ecuadorian specimens.
Bolivia: Alaska Mine (Tate 66, NY), Larecaja vie. Sorata (Mandon
149, NY, F), Bang 1900 (NY, US). Peru: Paucartambo Valley (Her-
rera 1094, US, NY), Panticalla Pass (Cook & Gilbert 1884, US).
38 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Senecio meridanus Cuatr., nom. nov.
Senecio Steyermarkii Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 32 (June 1950), not
S.Steyermarkii Greenman, Ceiba I: 124 (Apr. 1950). Gynoxis verrucosa
Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cien. Nat. 10: 312 (1946), not Gynoxys
verrucosa Weddell, Chi. And. I: 77 (1855).
Senecio quitensis Cuatr., nom. nov.
Culcitium pichinchense Cuatr., An. Univ. Madrid 4: 215 (1935).
Senecio pichinchens is (Cuatr.) Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 44 (1950).
The last name is a later homonym of Senecio pichinchens is Greenm.
(1938), a valid name according to the latest rules of Nomenclature.
Therefore my name for this species, S. vulcanopichis, is superfluous.
Senecio superandinus Cuatr., nom. nov.
Culcitium reflexum HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. Plant. IV: 171 (1820).
Senecio reflexus (HBK) Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 44, no Senecio
reflexus HBK (1820. Culcitium ovatum (Schlechter) Blake, Lasio-
cephalus ovatus Schlecht. Culcitium uniflorum Hieron.
I have seen many specimens of this high andean plant, which is
well represented in the herbaria of USNM, NY Bot. Garden and Chi-
cago Nat. Hist. Mus., chiefly from the volcanos Pichincha, Antisana
and Chimborazo.
SENECIO REFLEXUS HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI. IV: 182 (1820).
This is a valid name for a plant of which I have not seen type mate-
rial. Senecio semidentatus Klatt and its varieties (like var. Kluggii
Green.) must be very close to this species, and they are possibly
synonymous. Senecio re flexifolius Cuatr. is a superfluous name for
this species. Senecio reflexus (HBK) Cuatr., not HBK, (Fieldiana
Bot. 27: 44) is illegitimate as a latter homonym.
SENECIO GILLIESI I Hook & Arn., Journ. of Bot. Ill: 343 (1841).
Culcitium Poeppigii DC., Cacalia candicans Poepp. ex DC. pro
synon. Senecio Poeppiggii (DC) Wedd., Chi. And. I: 118. Senecio
Ppeppigii (DC) Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 44, not S. Poeppigi Hook et
Am. Culcitium Gillies it (Hook. & Arn.) Spegazzini. Culcitium denta-
tum D., Don ex Hook, pro synon. The identification Culcitium Poep-
piggii DC. with Senecio Gillie sii Hook & Arn. was made by Cabrera
(Lilloa 15: 50).
SENECIO POEPPIGI I Hook & Arn., Journ. of Bot. HI: 342 (1841).
Culcitium candidum Don. ex Hook, et Arn. pro synon. Senecio Don-
candidus Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 44. The latter is superfluous.
Not S. Poeppigii (DC) Wedd. and S. Poeppigii (DC) Cuatr., later ille-
titimate homonyn.
SENECIO CANDIDANS DC., Prodr. VI.
Culcitium Gayanum Remy. Senecio Culciremyi Cuatr., Fieldiana
Bot. 27: 43 (1950).
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 39
The following specimens were examined: Gregory Bay, Straits of
Magulau (Leslie A. Lee 18-88); Tierra de Fuego, literal near Rio
Grande 2-4 m. alt. (Y. Mexia 7909); Puma Arenas, Patagonia (Feic.
1883); Sandy Point (Lechler 1247). Photograph of the type of S. can-
didans in Paris phot, of type of Culcitium Gayanum Remy in Paris;
fragments from this type in Paris.
The synonymy of C. Gayanum with Senecio eandidans DC., pro-
posed by Weddell, was recently adopted by L. A. Cabrera, well known
specialist in the genus (Lilloa 15: 52).
SENECIO CULCITENELLUS Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27:43 (1950).
Culcitium tenellum Dusen, Culcitium sessile Speg., Senecio neo-
sessilis Cuatr. Fieldiana Bot. 27:44. Senecio santacrucensis Cab-
rera, Notas del Museo de La Plata Bot. 75:103 (1950).
In my former publication I gave names in the genus Senecio to both
Culcitium tenellum and C. sessile, but recently Cabrera stated that
they are the same species.
SENECIO WEDGLACIAL is Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27:45 (1950).
Senecio glacialis Wedd. is invalidated by the earlier homonym
S. glacialis Sch. Bip., Flora 28:498 (1845) (Doronicum glaciale Ny-
man).
Senecio glacialis (Meyen & Walp) Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27:44 is
also a later homonym and therefore a superfluous name. I am not giv-
ing a new name to Culcitium glaciale Mayen & Walp, because it is
possible that it has already a synonym in the genus Senecio. I have
not seen the type material.
SENECIO SODIROI Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29:73 (1900).
This name is satisfactory for this species, eliminating S. Sodirs can-
dens Cuatr. (Fieldiana Bot. 27:45). Senecio Sodiroi (Hieron.) Cuatr.
(Fieldiana Bot. 27:45) given to Culcitium Sodiroi Hieron., is an in-
valid later homonym. I now regard Culcitium Sodiroi Hieron.. as a
simple form of Senecio culciklatii Cuatr. (Culcitium peruvianum
Klatt).
SENECIO RUFESCENS DC. Prodr. VI:413 (1837).
A valid name, of which the later homonym S. rufescens (H. & B.)
Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27:45, must be rejected. For the same reason
S. austrorufescens Cuatr. I.e. is also superfluous.
SENECIO VAGINAEFOLIUS Sch. Bip.
Culcitium dasyphyllum Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. DC:27; Senecio
dasyphyllus Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27:43.
Cabrera proved that this form is identical with Gandoger's species.
Senecio leucophorbius Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa, rhizomate obliquo, caule fertili erectus 25 cm.
40 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
longus parce folioso, basi foliis radicalibus copiosis fascicularis.
Folia radicalia crasse subcoriacea, lamina lineari valde elongata
20-25 cm. longa, 9-14 mm. lata, apice obtusa basim versus sine sensu
paulum angustata, basi in longam vaginam scariosam 6 cm. longam
1.6 cm. latam ampliata, margine crassiusculo piano vel parce revo-
luto; supra albo-lanata tomento compressiusculo nervo medio albiori
visibili; subtus dense crasseque albo-lanata costa crassa, nervis
lateralibus prominulis ascendentibus subparallelis conspicuis.
Caulis floriferus dense albo-lanato-tomentosus folia basilaria
aequilongus, aliquis foliis sessilibus radicalia similibus munita.
Inflorescentia terminalis subcorymboso-paniculata polycephala circa
8-9 cm. ampla, basi bracteato-foliosa, 13-14 capitulis discoideis
breviter pedunculatis congestis. Pedunculi vel ramusculi 1-5 cm.
longi. Calyculus pluribracteatus, bracteolis lineari-subulatis basi
lanatis. Involucrum hemisphaericum circa 21 bracteis linearibus 12
mm. longis, 2 mm. latis subbiseriatis glabris vel tantum basi lanugi-
nosis. Capitula homogama circa 2-2.5 cm. diam. ultra 400 floribus.
Corolla 9 mm. longa, tubulo 4-4.5 mm. limbo tubuloso 5-dentato, denti-
bus 0.5 mm. profundis. Antherae basi obtusiusculae. Stigmata trun-
cata papilloso-penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus 8 mm. longus
ochraceus.
Type: Peru, prov. Pallasca, Dept. Ancash, Cordillera de Pelaga-
tos 4450 m. alt. collect. A. Weberbauer 7241 (F).
5. leucophorbius belongs to Sect. Culcitium and is close to S. niva-
lis (HBK) Cuatr., but differs from that species by being larger and
having longer, thicker leaves with prominent veins on the lower side,
stronger stalk which is shorter than the leaves, the multi-headed in-
florescence, larger heads, fewer and broader involucral bracts, and
poorer calycle. From S. Haenkeanus Cuatr. it differs particularly by
its glabrous involucre.
Senecio mitonis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba caule basi reptante radiciferi tenui, parte foliosa subscaposa
ere eta.
Folia inferiora pauca subrosulata, petiolata. Lamina crassa ovata
vel elliptica basi truncata vel obtusa apice deltoides margine crenato-
dentata revoluta, 2.5-4.5 cm. longa, 14-24 mm. lata, supra laevis
pallido-viridis nervo medio depresso arachnoideo excepto glabra; sub-
tus dense cinereo lanata tantum costa crassa eminenti conspicua.
Petiolus 1.5-3 cm. longus rigidus supra sulcatus, arachnoideo tomen-
tosus, basi longe lateque vaginatus, vagina petioloque postmortem
fibrosis plus minusve persistentibus. Caulis gracilis erectus simplex
20-40 cm. longus araneoso-lanatus indumento plus minusve deciduo,
basim versus 1-2 foliis sessilibus elliptico-lanceolatis, parte media
superior ique tantum 1-3 foliolis bracteiformibus linearibus praeditus,
apice 2-3 capitulos discoideos nutantes ferens.
Involucrum hemisphaericum circa 22 bracteis lanceolatis 6 mm.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 41
longis 1-2.2 mm. latis plus minusve violaceis parce arachnoideis vel
glabris. Calyculus aliquis bracteis linearibus acutis valde minoribus
conformatus. Floras omnes tubulosi hermaphioditi ultra 60 in capitu-
lo. Corolla lutea glabra 6-7 mm. longa, tubulo 4 mm. longo basi valde
dilatato excepto capillari, limbo tubuloso campanulato apice 5-dentato
dentibus 0.5 mm. purpurascentibus. Antherae basi obtusiusculae.
Stigmata truncata dense papilloso-penicillata. Stylus basi incrassato-
bulbosus, bulbo 0.4 mm. longus pedicellatus pediculo 0.3 mm. longo.
Achaenia glabra 2 mm. longa. Pappus pilis biseriatis sericeis quam
corolla brevioribus.
Type: Peru: Mito, 9,000 ft. alt. Deep grasses of Western slopes,
July-Aug. 1922, collect. Macbride & Featherstone 1807. (US).
S. mitonis is characterized by its petiolate, thick leaves which are
c re nate -dentate and densely tomentose on the lower side; it has few,
small heads, a bulbous, pedicellate style, and a broad base of the
corolla. These features differentiate it from S, homogynoides Klatt
and related species.
Senecio Feathers tonei Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex caule rhizomatoso, ramis aereis erectis foliatis ad 20 cm.
altis, dense floccoso-lanatis cinereis.
Folia alterna sessilia lineari-lanceolata apice acuta basi rotundato-
auriculata amplectentia, margine integra revoluta, utrinque lanato-
tomentosa supra cinerea subtus albida, 10-14 mm. longa, 2-2.5 mm.
lata.
Capitula discoidea 4-5 in corymbos terminales disposita. Pedi-
celli erecti 8-18 mm. longi albo-cinereo-tomentosi. Calyculus plurimis
bracteolis anguste linearibus acutis pluriseriatis imbricatis 3-4 mm.
longis 0.5 mm. latis, extus lanatis sed apicem glabratis fuscescenti-
bus. Involucrum conic o-hemisphaericum circa 20 bracteis lineari-
lanceolatis 6 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis extus lanatis apicem violas-
centibus, apice ciliatis. Flores omnes hermaphroditi tubulosi circa
80 in capitulo. Corolla lutea 6.2 mm. longa, tubulo angustior 2 mm.
longo limbo tubuloso-infundibuliformi dentibus papillosis acutis 0.4
mm. longis. Antherae basi obtusae. Stylus basi hemisphaerico-
bulbosus. Stigmata apice truncata incrassata breviter penicillata.
Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albus sericeus 4-5 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Mito 10,000 ft., grassland rock outcrop. Yellow,
collect. Macbride & Featherstone 1903 (US.)
S. Feathers one i is easily distinguished from the other species of
Sect. Xero-senecio Cabrera.
Senecio Weberbaueri Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis fistulosis erectis striolatis, in sicco badiis, valde
foliosis. Planta tota glabra.
Folia alterna copiosa suberecta, angustissime linear ia aciculata,
42 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
rigida vel paulo flexuosa, 4-11 cm. longa, praecipue 1 ram. lata vel
usque ad 2 mm. lata, basi paulo vaginato-ampliata, supra laevis teres,
subtus nervo medio prominent! marginibus paulo revolutis.
Inflorescentia corymbiformi-paniculata terminalis multiflora, 8-15
cm. longa et lata. Ramuli tenues rigid! erect! 4-12 cm. long!, folios!,
foliis aciculari-linearibus tenuibus ad 1 cm. longis muniti, apicem
plurimis pedicellis gracilibus rectis vel paulo flexuosis parce brac-
teolatis, 1-4 cm. longis, coryrabiforme dispositis. Bracteolae anguste
lineares acutae circa 2 mm. longae, apice pedicello 8-10 glomeratae
calyculum formantes. Capitula erecta heterogama. Involucrum hemi-
sphaericum 14-15 bracteis ad 5 mm. longis, exterioribus linearibus
1-1.2 mm. latis, interioribus lanceolatis ad 2 ram. latis, margine late
scariosis dorso herbaceo in sicco fusco in omnibus apice acuto fusco.
Flores marginales feminei ligulati 6-7, corolla lutea glabra tubulo 2.2
mm. longo, lamina elliptica 2.5 mm. longa 1.2 mm. lata apice triden-
tata. Flores disci hermaphroditi tubulosi 45-50, corolla 4-4.5 mm.
longa glabra tubulo 1.5 mm. longo basi abrupte dilatato apice 5-
dentati. Antherae basi obtusae; filamenta sub insertionem antherae
incrassata. Stigmata truncata penicillata. Achaenia 2.2 mm. longa
dense breviterque villosa. Pappus sordide albidus corollae longitu-
dine. Receptaculum conicum.
Type: Peru: Rio de Comas, 2300-2400 m. alt., collect. A. Weber-
bauer 6618 (F. type, US isotype).
S. Weberbaueri is related to S. abietinus (HBK) DC. and S. Lindenii
Sch. Bip., both Colombian species, but can easily be distinguished
from them by its longer, less rigid leaves, the structure of its invo-
lucre, its densely villose achaenes, and its heterogaray.
Senecio cano-purpureus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex robusta ad 60 cm. alta rami robusti dichotorai ascendenti-
divaricati cortice ruguloso-pallido arachnoideo lanato deinde glabrato.
Folia alterna sessilia linearia obtusa basi angustata, integra vel
saepe tertio superiore dente triangular! utroque latere, margine revo-
luta 8-12 mm. longa, 1.5-3.5 mm. lata, valde juvenilia utrinque albo-
lanata, adultiora supra viridia paulo arachnoidea subtus lanato-
tomentosa.
Capitula homogama ramos hornotinos terminales rigidos patentes
3-7 cm. longos breviter foliosos solitaria desinentia. Calyculus 8-10
bracteis lineari-oblongis 2-4 mm. longis 1-1.5 mm. latis obtusis apice
atropurpureis, reliquis albo-arachnoideo lanatis, plerumque biseriatis
ad involucrum adpressis. Involucrum 13 bra 
