o
9
CM
1/1 B R.AR.Y
OF THL
U N IVER.SITY
Of ILLINOIS
seo.s
FB
v.38
BIOLOGY
The person charging this material is re-
sponsible for its return to the library from
which it was withdrawn on or before the
Latest Date stamped below.
Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons
for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from
the University.
To renew call Telephone Center, 333-840O
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
L161— O-1096
vj
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 28
NUMBERS 1 AND 2
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
1951-1952
„
, I — *-
CONTENTS
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA— I, II
By Julian A. Steyermark and Collaborators.
PAGES
Number 1. From Musci through Sarraceniaceae 1-242
Number 2. From Droseraceae through Umbelliferae 243-447
111
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
TEXT FIGURES
NUMBER 1
PAGE
1. Paspalum aureolatum 23
2. Paspalum piligerum 25
3. Arthrostylidium Steyermarkii 32
4. Myriodadus virgatus 35
5. Achenes of Bulbostylis Svensoniana, Fimbristylis tamaensis, Rhyncho-
spora denlinux, R. sanariapensis, R. tepuiana, R. Trichochaeta var.
venezuelensis, R. Trichochaeta, R. bolivar ana, R. karuaiana 38
6. Rhynchospora ptaritepuiana, R. culmenicola, R. paramora, R. tamana,
R. tomentosa, Hypolytrum lepuianum, Exochogyne Steyermarkii. ... 42
7. Carex roraimensis, C. culmenicola, C. turumiquirensis, Uncinia merid-
ensis 62
8. Vesicarex collumanthus, Carex larensis, C. tachirensis 64
9. Baclris duidae 74
10. Bactris ptariana 79
11. Dahlgrenia ptariana 83
12. Anthurium ptarianum 95
13. Philodendron duidae 97
14. Philonotion Williamsii 100
15. Urospatha savannarum 103
16. Xyris albescens, X. esmeraldae, X. lanulobractea, X. plariana, X. steno- 106
stachya 106
17. Stegolepis ptaritepuiana, S. Gleasoniana, S. parvipetala 132
18. Brocchinia melanacra 136
19. Brocchinia Steyermarkii, B. vestita 137
20. Connellia caricifolia, C. nutans 140
21. Navia aurea, N. glauca, N. Steyermarkii, N. xyridiflora 142
22. Guzmania confinis, Pitcairnia tuberculata, Tillandsia lacera 144
23. Guzmania retusa, Pitcairnia cinerea, Tillandsia stenoglossa 146
24. Burmannia sanariapoana 166
25. Pogonia stricta 168
26. Pogonia triflora 170
27. Pogonia unifoliala 172
28. Prescottia carnosa. . 175
PAGE
29. Erythrodes confusa 176
30. Stelis dispar 179
31. Lepanthes exilis 181
32. Pleurothallis callifera 182
33. Pleurothallis exilis, P. humilis 184
34. Pleurothallis Steyermarkii 187
35. Pkurothallis sublilis 189
36. Octomeria rhizomatosa 191
37. Acineta alticola 193
38. Maxillaria condensata 195
39. Maxillaria patula 198
40. Oncidium diffusum 201
41. Lockhartia latilabris 202
42. Euplassa venezuelana 218
43. Weinmannia roraimensis . . ... 248
NUMBER 2
44. Weinmannia Steyermarkii 250
45. Swartzia parvifolia 264
46. Taralea rigida 267
47. Taralea Steyermarkii 269
48. Burdachia Duckei 284
49. Burdachia Williamsii 286
50. Glandonia Williamsii 290
51. Heteropterys quetepensis 291
52. Polygala appressa var. kavanayen 297
53. Polygala Blakeana 299
54. Polygala sanariapoana 302
55. Polygala santanderensis 303
56. Chaetocarpus Williamsii 307
57A. Croizatia neotropica 310
57B-F. Croizatia neotropica, Actephila dispersa 311
58. Phyllanthus majus 319
59. Ilex ptariana 326
60. Ilex ptariana 327
61. Ilex subrotundifolia 329
62. Ilex venezuelensis 331
63. Ilex vesparum 333
64. Maytenus apiculata 335
65. Maytenus coriacea 336
66. Maytenus Pittieriana 339
vi
PAGE
67. Emmotum ptarianum 342
68. Cupania kukenanica 345
69. Cupania roraimae 345
70. Dipterodendron venezuelense 348
71. Matayba ptariana 349
72. Matayba reducta 351
73. Matayba sororopaniana 352
74. Quararibea Steyermarkii 364
75. Poecilandra pumila 373
76. Sauvagesia duidae 375
77. Sauvagesia longipes 377
78. Sauvagesia miniata 379
79. Clusia imbricata 388
80. Clusia pusilla 389
81. Mahurea sororopantepuiana 396
82. Tovomita angustata 401
83. Elatine Fassettiana 402
84. Cinnamodendron venezuelense 405
85. Viola venezuelensis 408, 409
86. Cajophora larensis 413
87. Cajophora venezuelensis 415
88. Begonia laxa 416
89. Begonia otophylla 419
90. Begonia sucrensis 421
91. Farringtonia fasciculata 427
92. Macrocentrum minus 433
93. Miconia larensis 437
94. Azorella Julianii . . 446
vn
CONTRIBUTIONS TO
THE FLORA OF VENEZUELA
JULIAN A. STEYERMARK
AND COLLABORATORS
From Droseraceae through Umbelliferae
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 28, NUMBER 2
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
DECEMBER 15, 1952
JULIAN A. STEYERMARK
Curator of the Herbarium
AND COLLABORATORS
From Droseraceae through Umbelliferae
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 28, NUMBER 2
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM THE LIBRARY OF TH
DECEMBERS
UNIVERSITY OF ".I'l.'OI
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
- p
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
DROSERACEAE
Drosera arenicola Steyermark, sp. nov.
, Caulis brevissimus; foliis rosulatis confertis patentibus; stipulis
3 mm. longis; petiolis 7-8 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis; laminis linear!-
spatulatis, 4 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis; pedunculo scapiformi 1,
gracile, 8-15 mm. longo, glanduloso-pubescenti; inf lores centia ca.
4-flora; pedicellis 1.5-2 mm. longis glanduloso-pubescentibus; sepa-
lis oblanceolato-oblongis, obtusiusculis, 4.2 mm. longis, 1.5 mm.
latis, extus glanduloso-pilosis; petalis cuneato-spatulatis, apice
rotundatis, 5 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis; stylis 3 ad partem medianam
bipartitis; seminibus nigrescentibus elliptico-ovoideis reticulatis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected along recently
hollowed-out spring branch on top of mesa by airport, vicinity of
Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., Decem-
ber 16-17, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60920, "leaves very red with
elongated petiole but only slightly differentiated blade."
This species is distinguished by the elongated leaves with the
lamina scarcely distinguishable from the petiole, by the several-
flowered short scapes only 1-1.5 cm. long, and by the densely long
pilose-glandular sepals. It is related to D. cayennensis Sagot in its
densely pubescent peduncles and sepals, but differs from that spec-
ies in the more numerously flowered peduncle and the narrower
lamina of the leaves. In this new species the hairs on the sepals
are long, pale, and have a tiny gland at the tip, whereas those of
D. montana St. Hil., var. Roraimae (Klotzsch) Diels and var. robusta
Diels are shorter, darker in color, and have a prominent gland at
the tip.
Drosera sanariapoana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Caulis brevissimus; foliis rosulato-confertis patentibus; laminis
rotundato-obovatis, ca. 3 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis; pedunculis scapi-
formibus compluribus (3) erectis filiformibus 3.5-7 cm. longis, 1-2-
floris, parce glanduloso-pilosis, pilis sessilibus; sepalis lineari-
oblongis, apice rotundatis, 4 mm. longis, 1.1 mm. latis, minute
glandulari-pilosulis, glandulis sessilibus; petalis obovatis, apice
rotundatis, 5 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis; antheris 1 mm. longis; fila-
mentis 2 mm. longis, glabris; stylis 4, a basi bipartitis, integris,
apice rhomboideo truncato paullo dilatatis; ovario 1.5 mm. longo
glabro; seminibus nigris elliptico-ovoideis, reticulatis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on wet savanna,
vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Rio Orinoco,
Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 100 m., September 8, 1944, Julian
A. Steyermark 58472, "petals rose."
243
244 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
This species is related to D. pusilla H.B.K., D. tenella Willd., and
D. cayennensis. It has 1-2-flowered peduncles, which are longer
than in either D. pusilla or D. tenella, the sepals and peduncles are
pilosulous, and the sepals are longer than in those two species. It
differs from D. cayennensis furthermore in having less hairy and
longer peduncles and sepals. From D. communis St. Hil. it may be
distinguished by the fewer-flowered scapes and differently shaped
seeds.
Drosera tenella Willd., var. esmeraldae Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo differt pedunculis 3-4-floris, 5-7 cm. longis, pedicellis 3
mm. longis, sepalis 2.5 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in wet places in
savanna between Esmeralda Savana and southeastern base of Cerro
Duida, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 200 m., August 22, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 57850, "corolla pale lilac."
From typical D. tenella this variety differs in the longer, usually
3-4-flowered scapes, longer pedicels, and longer sepals.
CRASSULACEAE
Echeveria bicolor (H.B.K.) E. Walther, var. turumiquirensis Steyer-
mark, var. nov.
A typo differt pedunculis floriferis brevioribus, 3-5 cm. longis,
5-8-floris, inflorescentia 4-6 cm. longa, sepalis erectis adscendenti-
bus vel adpressis, et petalis 12-14 mm. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in bluff crevices,
north- facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest,
Cerro Turumiquire, state of Sucre, alt. 1700-2000 m., May 5, 1945,
Julian A. Steyermark 62491, "sepals erect, ascending to appressed,
pale green; corolla deep red; leaves fleshy-coriaceous, pale green
above, paler green below."
From typical E. bicolor (included in which species are E. bracteo-
lata Link, Klotzsch, & Otto, and E. venezuelensis Rose) this differs
in having shorter peduncles, a shorter, more crowded inflorescence
with 5-8 instead of 12-20 flowers, and longer petals which average
12-14 mm. long instead of 8-10 mm. The petals are deep red in this
new variety, whereas in the species they vary from vermilion-orange
and vermilion-scarlet to salmon or salmon with yellowish tips.
BRUNELLIACEAE
Brunellia integrifolia Szyszyl., var. ptariana Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo differt foliis firmiter membranaceis vel subcoriaceis, caly-
cis lobis tenuiter tomentosis, carpidiis 3.5*4 mm. longis, seminibus
castaneo-brunneis lucentibus 2-2.5 mm. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on steep forested
slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on south-facing part,
east of "Cave Rock", Ptari-tepui', state of Bolivar, alt. 2130 m.,
November 4, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59847, "tree 60 feet tall;
trunk pale gray with dull brown stripes similar to that of Cedrela, 1
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA-II 245
foot in diameter; leaves firmly membranaceous, dark green above,
silvery gray green below; rachis pale green."
Also collected on Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-
facing side, state of Bolivar, alt. 2100-2255 m., September 27, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 58721, "shrub to small tree, 20-30 feet tall;
leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above, silvery blue green below
with raised buff-brown nerves and midrib; follicles small, pale green."
This variety differs from typical B. integrifolia of the Andes and
Cordillera de la Costa in its larger fruits and seeds, the body of the
follicle varying from 5.5-7 mm. long in the species, whereas in var.
ptariana it varies from 3-5-4.5 mm. in length. In the species the seed
is dark blackish-brown and 2.8-3 mm. long, while in var. ptariana it
is chestnut-brown and shining, and 2-2.5 mm. long. Furthermore, in
var. ptariana the calyx lobes are more finely tomentose, and the leaf-
lets are firmly membranaceous to subcoriaceous, instead of sub-
coriaceous or coriaceous, as in typical B. integrifolia.
Besides the above newly described variety, two other species
collected by the author are new to Venezuela. They are B. elliptica
Cuatr. from the state of Tachira (rich moist woods at base of Paramo
de Tama, 4-10 kilometers above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., July 15,
1944, Steyermark 57353* "shrub 15-20 feet tall; leaves stiffly cori-
aceous-chartaceous, dark green above, gray or silvery green with
brown nerves below"), and B. tomentosa H. & A. from the state of
Merida (dwarf cool forest between El Molino and ridge above San
Isidro Alto, alt. 2430-2895 m., May 14, 1944, Steyermark 56515,
"shrub or small tree, 20-25 feet tall; common; leaves chartaceous-
subcoriaceous, deep green and rugose above, with sulcate nerves,
buff gray below with raised and areolate nerves"). In their Catalog©
de la Flora Venezolana, Pittier et al (p. 325) include B. comocladi-
folia Szyszyl., but B. comocladifolia was included only on the basis
of "fide Engler." Study of Venezuelan material by the present auth-
or indicates that B. comocladifolia, a Colombian species with a 4-
parted calyx, apparently does not occur in Venezuela.
The following key includes those species actually found to occur
in Venezuela:
Leaves in whorls of 3's, simple B. tomentosa.
Leaves opposite, pinnate
Leaves glabrate below, glabrous above; rachis glabrous;
follicles densely fine dark brown tomentulose, with
longer hairs interspersed B. elliptica.
Leaves tomentulose (obscurely or densely below);
rachis pubescent; follicles from finely gray-brown
tomentulose and sparsely hispid to densely buff
or deep brown and densely hispid
Fruit small, 2.5-3 mm. long (body); seeds 1.5-2 mm.
long; leaves with more or less prominent serratures
directed forward and attenuate; calyx 4-5 parted
B. Funckiana.
246 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Fruit larger, 3-5-7 mm. long (body); seeds 2-3 mm.
long; leaves entire, subentire, or with crenate-
dentate obtuse or rounded teeth; calyx 5-6-parted
Fruit body 5.5-7 mm. long; seeds 2.8-3 mm.
long B. integri folia.
Fruit body 3-5-4.5 mm. long; seeds 2-2.5 mm.
long B. integrifolia var. ptariana.
CUNONIACEAE l6
Weinmannia Balbisiana H.B.K., var. ptariana Cuatr., var. nov.
Folia quam typo paulo minora elliptica vel obovato-elliptica rigi-
dora, breviter petiolata margine dentato-serrata anguste revoluta,
2.8-6.5 cm. longa, 17-37 mm. lata. Planta glaberrima, varietate
Moritzii valde af finis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected along base of east-
facing high sandstone bluffs, Ptari-tepuf, state of Bolivar, alt. 2400-
2450 m., November 7, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59939, "small tree
25 feet tall; leaves chartaceous-firmly membranaceous, dark green
and shining above, pale green below."
Also collected from same locality, Steyermark 59935, "sapling 3
feet tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, dark above, pale green be-
low." This is a sterile juvenile form.
Weinmannia guyanensis Kl., var. quinata Cuatr., var. nov.
Folia quinque-foliolata vel ternata vel septenata. Internodia
obovato-triangularia.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in valley between
base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of 'southern peak of
Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neveri, along headwaters of Rib de
Amana, state of Sucre, alt. 2000 m., May 11, 1945, Julian'A. Steyer-
mark 62754.
This interesting plant differs from the type in having the leaves
generally with 5 instead of 3 leaflets. Occasionally 3 or 7 leaflets
occur. The typical specific form has in all specimens I have seen
ternate leaves, and until now it was known only from Roraima.
Other material seen: fragment of type in F (Schomburgk 661);
Tate 387, NY (Mt. Roraima); A. S. Pinkus 289, NY, US (Mt. Roraima).
Weinmannia pinnata L., var. ptaritepniana Cuatr., var. nov.
Ramusculi terminali rufo-hirsuto-tomentosi. Folia 5-6 paribus
foliolis, subcoriacea elliptica attenuata serrata; supra glabra nitida
subtus nervo medio piloso. Rhachis pedicellique tomentuloso-hirti.
Pedicelli 2-4 mm. longi. Bracteolae ovatae obtusae 2 mm. longae.
Sepala glabra apice penicillato-ciliata. Ovarium sparse setiferum.
Capsula parcissime puberula.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected along base of south-
facing high sandstone bluffs, Ptari-tepuf, state of Bolivar, alt. 2410
By Jose' Cuatrecasas
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 247
m., November 6, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59900, "small tree 25
feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above, pale green below;
young stems fulvous pubescent; bracts of rachis dull reddish-lavender;
sepals pale green with fulvous pubescence; petals and filaments
white."
This variety is distinguished from var. caripensis (H.B.K.) Cuatr.
by the leaflets more elliptical, internodes of the upper branchlets and
rachis of the inflorescence hirsute-tomentose, longer shaggy pedi-
cels, larger bracteoles, and ovary with sparse hairiness.
Weinmannia roraimensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex vej arbor 3-5 m. alta. Kami cortice fusco plus minus verru-
coso extremis tomentulosis. Folia opposita 4-6 cm. longa impari-
pinnata membranacea saepe 5-9-jugis. Petiolus 5-8 mm. longus
tomentoso-hirtus, apicem versus gradatim alatus. Foliola anguste
elliptico-oblonga basi attenuata apice obtusiuscula, 5-10 mm. longa
2-4 mm. lata margine tenuiter revoluta saepe utroque latere 2-3
dentibus obtusis, apicem versus gradatim minora terminalia quam
adjacentia duplo vel sub duplo longiora; supra glabra nervo medio
parce pilosulo excepto, infra nervo medio articulationibus plus
minusve hirtis reliquo glabro. Internodia obovato-oblongo-alata.
Stipulae 3 mm., orbiculares vel suborbiculares basi cordatae glabrae.
Pseudoracemi oppositi axillares vel subterminales 3-7 cm. longi.
Axis sparse hirsutulus. Bracteolae ovales 1 mm. longae glabrae.
Pedicelli tenues patentes hirti plus minusve 2 mm. longi. Sepala
ovata rosea glabra apice breviter ciliata 1 mm. longa. Petala ovato-
elliptica albo-rosea 1.5-2 mm. longa. Stamina glabra albescentia
2-3 mm. longa. Ovarium glabrum. Styli divaricati longi glabri
(Fig. 43).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on ascent of ledge
along southwest-facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to
summit, Mount Roraima, state of Bolivar, alt. 2255-2620 m., Septem-
ber 27, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 58766, "shrub 10 feet tall; leaves
firmly membranaceous, rich green above, pale green below; sepals
pale green tinged pink; petals and filaments white; below waterfall
spray among boulders or talus."
Additional specimen examined: Ptari-tepui', along base of east-
facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., November 7, 1944,
Steyermark 59949, "small tree 10-20 feet; leaves firmly membranace-
ous, deep green and shining above, silvery green below; calyx dull
salmon; petals and filaments white; anthers pale yellow; has same
type of ferruginous pubescence as 59900 and appears to be a dwarfed
type derived from 59900; commonly found on east side where water
spray is constant."
Very closely related to W. humilis Engler, from which it may be
distinguished by the narrower and more elongated leaflets, the termi-
nal one much longer than the adjacent ones, the obtuse teeth of the
leaflets, the racemiform inflorescence with longer pedicels, and the
sepals glabrous except for a very few hairs at the apex. The plants
248
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
FIGURE 43
Weinmannia roraimensis Cuatrecasas
Spray (X 1), blossom (X 5).
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 249
recorded from Roraima as W. glabra L. f., var., by Oliver (Trans.
Linn. Soc. 2: 273), and by Brown (Id. id., g: 25), are surely to be
referred to this species. I believe this species is sufficiently dis-
tinct from W. pinnata, which is moreover related to W. humilis, to
justify specific segregation.
A plant collected by F. Cardona, also in Venezuela, "cumbre del
Cerro Uaipan, 1940 m., Rio Carom, Guayana, November 26, 1946,
Felix Cardona 2073; arbol 6 m. alto" (in US) is a slightly different
form of W. roraimensis.
Weinmannia silvatica Engler, var. Rollotii (Killip) Cuatr., comb. nov.
W. Rollotii Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 568. 1926.
This species has its greatest development in Colombia, the type
originating from the Popayan region (Lehmann 8536) where I also
found the typical form. It is distributed from Ecuador to Venezuela,
where it was first collected by Dr. Steyermark on the Venezuelan
side of the Paramo de Tama. The author has collected it on the
Colombian side of the same paramo. In the West Cordillera of Colom-
bia a variety with smaller and rotundate leaves and shorter inflores-
cences is to be found. The form from Cundinamarca has strong
elevated nerves and is more hirtous than the type; it belongs to
W. Rollotii which reaches Venezuela, and is here reduced to a variety
of W. silvatica. My specimens from Sibundoy are intermediate forms*
TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 km.
above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., July 15, 1944, Steyermark 57352,
"shrub 8-10 feet tall; leaves chartaceous-subcoriaceous, deep green
above, pale green below."
Weinmannia Steyermarkii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbuscula vel frutex 3-4 m. alta. Rami cortice fusco griseo nitido.
Ramuli terminali dense hirsute tomentosi rufescenti-ferruginosi.
Folia opposita imparipinnata 3"6 cm. longa, crasso-coriacea,
brevissime petiolata precipue 5-6-jugis. Petiolus 2-4 mm. longus
hirsuto-tomentosus. Foliola obovato-elliptica oblonga apice rotun-
data basi paulo attenuata margine remote serrata et valde revoluta,
supra glabra nitentia atro-viridia subtus dense ferrugineo-tomentosa,
nervo medio prominenti secundariis 4 utroque latere fere incon-
spicuis, 10-20 mm. longa, 6-8 mm. lata apicem et basim versus paulo
gradatim minora terminalia quam lateralia aequantia vel longiora.
Internodia subovato alata valde revoluta 3'4 mm. lata. Gemmae
dense ferrugineo-tomentosae sericeae. Stipulae orbiculares usque
ad 7 mm. latae, subcoriaceae supra glabrae nitidaeque subtus dense
tomentosae.
Pseudoracemi oppositi in singulis paribus subterminalibus, 2-4 cm.
longi. Axis dense hirtulo-tomentosus ochraceo-ferruginosus. Flores
3-5 in fasculis densis aggregati subsessiles brevissime pedicellatae
(usque 1.5 mm.). Bracteolae ovato-lanceolatae hirsutae quam sepala
aequilongae. Sepala ovata acuta 1.5 mm. longa hirto-tomentosa.
Petala cochleata pallido-albida late elliptica 2 mm. longa glabra.
Stamina 3.5 mm. longa. Ovarium glaberrimum. Discus hypogynus
250
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
FIGURE 44
Weinmannia Steyermarkii
Enlarged (X
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 251
cupuliformibus pentagonalis pattern mediam ovarium velans (Fig. 44).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on Ptari-tepuf, state
of Bolivar, Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder,
alt. 2000-2200 m., November 2, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59759,
"shrub 10 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, subrevolute, dark green
above, fulvous brown below; flowers fragrant, creamy white. Along
ledges of boulder."
Additional specimen examined: summit of Carrao-tepui, state of
Bolivar, alt. 2470-2500 m., December 7, 1944, Steyermark 60889,
"woods" (sterile specimen).
Weinmannia Steyermarkii is evidently nearest to W. velutina
Schmidt, a species of Mount Roraima. From this species it differs
in having a glabrous ovary. Other differences are in the thicker,
more coriaceous, revolute leaves which are completely glabrous
above. Weinmannia velutina has some pubescence on the leaves
above, especially when they are young, has longer inflorescences,
and much longer pedicels.
ROSACE AE17
Hesperomeles incerta (Pittier) Maguire, comb. nov.
Osteomeles incerta Pittier, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 107. 1918.
Collected in swampy woods between Paramito and Quebrada de
Palmar, at base of Paramo de Tama, 7 km. above Villapaez, state of
Tachira, alt. 2500 m., July 14, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57239,
"shrub 4-5 feet tall, leaves subcoriaceous, chartaceous, deep green
and shining above, dull green below; petals white within, creamy
without; calyx dull pale green."
Our plant is a good match for a type specimen of O. incerta at the
New York Botanical Garden. Pittier in 1918 wrote of the need for
general revision of the genus. That need is yet unsatisfied and even
greater today.
Lachemilla aphanoides (Mutis) Rothm. var. tripartida (R. & P.)
Maguire, comb. nov.
Alchimella tripartida R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 68. 1798.
Alchimella aphanoides var. tripartida (R. & P.) Perry, Contr. Gray
Herb. 84: 40. 1929
Collected in moist cloud forest, southwest-facing slopes at Los
Aposentos, above Las Sabanetas, above Humocaro Bajo, state of
Lara, alt. 2500-2530 m., February 3, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
55214, "stems spreading."
Local name: "altamisa."
Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia.
17By Bassett Maguire
252 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Lachemilla lycopodioidea Maguire, sp. nov. Sect. Aphanoides (Perry)
Rothmaler, Subsect. Nivales (Perry) Rothmaler.
Planta parva caespitosa; caulibus adscendentibus 2-4 cm. altis
non-ramosis; foliis radicalibus ca. 10 mm. longis, vaginis ca. 5 mm.
longis submembranaceis breviamplexicaulis sparse strigosis, stipulis
linearis integris vel bifidis 4-5 mm. longis, petiolis 3-4 mm. longis,
laminis tripartitis segmentis 3-4 mm. longis, 3-5 lobatis, lobis
linearibus 2-3 mm. longis obtusis; foliis caulinibus apetiolatis;
vaginis infundibuliformibus 3-4 mm. longis strigosis, 12-15 lobatis,
lobis integris vel bifidis vel trifidis 3-5 mm. longis ca. 0.5 mm. latis
linearibus obtusis sparse strigosis subcoriaceis marginibus aliquan-
tum revolutis; floribus subsessilibus campanulatis dense adpressis
sericeis 2.5-3.0 mm. longis, paucis in glomerulis terminalibus,
hypanthio ca. 2 mm. longo intus glabro, bracteolis 4 lanceolatis,
lobis hypanthii 4, longioribus bracteolis, oblongo-lanceolatis ad-
scendentibus 2.0-2.25 mm. longis, aliquantum acutis; staminibus 2,
filamento ca. 0.2-0.3 mm. longo; acheniis 5 stipitatis ca. 0.5 mm.
longis obtusis; stylis 1.0-1.5 mm. longis, uncinatis subclavatis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in N.Y. Bot. Gard.
herb., collected near upper limit of paramo around small lake, between
Chachopo and Los Apartaderos near El Aguila, state of Merida, alt.
3930 m., April 15, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 55910.
Lachemilla lycopodioidea would be bracted in Rothmaler's key to
Colombian Lachemilla1 8with L. imbricata, L. nivalis, and L. ramo-
sissima. It is most closely related to L. nivalis, from which it
differs by its smaller habit, softer scantier pubescence, longer and
much narrower often bi or trifid vaginal lobes, few flowers and as-
cending non-connivent sepal lobes.
Couepia steyermarkii Maguire, sp. nov.
Arbor mediocris; foliis ellipticis vel aliquantum ovatis vel obova-
tis coriaceis 4-6 cm. longis 3*4 cm. latis brevissimi-acuminatis,
superne nitidis glabris valde depresso-venis, subtus tenuiter pallidis
tomentulosis, costa 8-10 jugis lateralibus nervisque prominentibus,
ad basim laminae patelliformi-biglandulosis; petiolo 7-10 mm. longo
villoso dorse calculoso-glanduloso a pilis tecto; inflorescentiis
axillaribus (evidenter) brevibus fulvo-hirsuti-villis; tubo calycis
cylindrico ca. 1 cm. longo base gibbo, dense hirsuti-villo, intus
glabro sed ad orificem dense relfexi-hirsuto, sepalis lanceolatis 4-5
mm. longis; stylo glabro sursum basim dense hirsute, ovulo dense
hirsute.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in N.Y. Bot. Gard.
herb., collected in rich woods bordering the quebradas at base of
southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepui', state of Bolivar, alt. 1585-1600
m., November 10-11, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60025, "tree 50-KSO
feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dark green above, gray-green below with
reticulate veinwork; young stems dull brown-torn entose."
18Rothmaler, W. Alchemillae Columbianae, Trabaj. Mus. Cienc. Nat.
Madrid, ser. Bot. 31: 16. 1935.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 253
It is with some hesitation that this description is offered since the
type is inadequately provided with inflorescence and flowers. The
inflorescences are apparently axillary and short, somewhat in the
manner of Couepia pauciflora, with which it shares a similar pubes-
cence. The leaves of the latter are lanceolate and of considerably
thinner texture. Further, C. steyermarkii is suggestive of C. cano-
mensis Benth., but this, an Amazonian species, has greatly larger
(some 4x— 5x) elliptic-lanceolate leaves and ample inflorescences.
Licania lasseri Maguire, sp. nov. Sect. Hymenopus Hook f.
Arbor parva vel frutex; ramulis teretibus 3~4 mm. crassis, dense
rufo-fulvo-villosis; foliis 5-7 cm. longis 3.0-4.5 cm. latis elliptico-
ovatis vel elliptico-oblongis subcoriaceis, apice rotundata vel mi-
nute apiculata, base obtusa, superne glabris vel sparse puberulenti-
bus, venis costaque prominulis pubescentibus exceptis, subtus fere
brunneis pubescentibus, costa venisque lateralibus prominentibus
6-7 jugis; petiolo 2-3 mm. longo crasso dense villoso, basi patelli-
formi-biglanduloso; stipulis 3-4 mm. longis, triangulari-lanceolatis
connatis; inflorescentiis paniculatis 10-12 cm. longis dense villosis,
bracteis foliaribus biglandulosis, bracteolis 2-4 mm. longis lanceo-
latis; petalis et staminibus 5; fructibus immaturis obovoideis sulca-
tis in stipites incrassatas contractis, dense rufo-velutinis.
Type in N.Y. Bot. Card, herb., collected at Kavanayen, Guayana
venezolana, state of Bolrvar, alt. 1300 m., May 27, 1946, Tobias
Lasser 1730, "arbol pequeno de ramas tendidas."
Cotype in N.Y. Bot. Gard. herb, and herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus.,
collected along streamlet, Gran Sabana between Mission of Santa
Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai on large mesa, state
of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., October 26, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
59360.
By virtue of its 5 petals and 5 stamens, Licania lasseri is placed
in the sect. Hymenopus Hook, f., and by its reddish-brown velvety
pubescence and connate stipules is to be associated with L. lati folia
Benth., L. obovata Benth., of the upper Rio Negro, and L. krukovii
Standl., of the Rfo Jurua, Brazil.
In the first two the leaves are much larger, 10-20 cm. long, with
10-16 pairs of lateral veins and slender petioles 10-12 mm. long.
The leaves of L. krukovii are lanceolate and exceed 15 cm. in
length, 10-12 nerved, but have petioles 5 mm. or less long.
Licania parviflora Benth. var. conduplicata Maguire, var. nov.
Arbor parva; ramulis tenuibus, glabrescentibus, nigrescentibus,
conspicue lenticellatis; foliis 2-4 cm. longis acuminatis subcoriaceis;
basi conduplicata obtusa vel subcordata; floribus ca. 1.5 mm. longis,
substipitatis; staminibus 4-5.
Type in N.Y. Bot. Card, herb., isotype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist.
Mus., collected in vicinity "Misia Kathy Camp" on mesa between
Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepuf, state of Boh'var, alt. 1615 m., Nov.
15-17, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60277, "tree 25~30 feet tall; leaves
drooping, subcoriaceous-chartaceous, deep green and shining above,
254 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
buff-silvery green below; corolla buff-brown; peduncle brownish."
Local name: "macarai-yek."
This small tree of the high sandstone mesas of the Guyana High-
land may ultimately prove to be specifically distinct from the low
rainforest variable tree of the upper Rio Negro and tributaries.
Habitably it most resembles Licania microphylla Fanshawe& Maguire
of British Guiana, which has plane basally biglandular leaves.
Licania parviflora Benth. var. submembranacea Maguire, var. nov.
Arbor mediocris; ramulis tenuibus conspicue lenticellatis; foliis
6-9 cm. longis, 2-4 (4.5) cm. latis submembranaceis lanceolatis vel
ovato-lanceolatis, saepe falcatis acuminatis; floribus saepe conglo-
meratis; staminibus 4-6.
Type in N.Y. Bot. Gz.rd. herb., isotype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist.
Mus., collected at Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,
tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between
Caripe and Caripito, state of Monagas, alt. 600-900 m., April 18,
1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62173, "tree 40 feet tall, wood very hard;
leaves firmly membranaceous-chartaceous, deep rich green and shin-
ing above, silvery grey below; flowers dull green."
Co-type in N.Y. Bot. Card. herb, and herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus.,
collected on dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering
tributary of Rib Leon, northeast of Bergantin, state of Monagas, alt.
800-1100 m., February 22, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 61093, "tree
50 feet tall, wood useful; leaves subchartaceous-membranaceous,
dark green above, silvery gray below; flowers gray- green;
fruit edible."
Local name: "carbonero."
The var. submembranacea is distinguished from the upper Rio
Negro populations in its much thinner leaves and more densely
floriferous conglomerate inflorescence.
Licania steyermarkii Maguire, sp. nov.
Arbor mediocris; ramulis teretibus lenticellatis; foliis late ovatis
(4) 5-6 cm. longis 3.0-4.5 cm. latis coriaceis, apice brevissimo
acuminate obtuso, basi late rotundata vel subcordata, superne glab-
ris viridissimis nitidis, nervis obscuris impressis, subtus nervis
costaque exceptis compactis tomentosis fulvis pallidis, nervis
lateralibus 5-6 jugis prominentibus brunnescentibus, petiolo crasso
3-4 mm. longo glabrescenti eglanduloso rugoso transverse rimoso,
stipulis lanceolato-subulatis rigidis persistentibus adnatis; paniculis
axillaribus terminalibusque non-amplis 4-6 cm. longis fusco-villosis
ramulis erectis vel recurvatis; floribus sessilibus ca. 2.0-2.5 mm.
longis, intus villosis, lobis ca. 1 mm. longis, staminibus 3 (4),
antheris ca. 0.5 mm. longis; ovario velutino; stylis brevibus pubes-
centibus; fructibus compresso-oblongis, 2.0-2.5 cm. longis, 10-14
mm. latis stipitatis glabris dense lenticellatis.
Type in N.YJ Bot. Card, herb., isotype in herb. jChi. Nat. Hist.
Mus., collected in woods bordering savanna, along Rib Karuai, at the
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 255
base of Sororopan-tepui', west of La Laja, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220
m., November 29, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60768, "rachis and
buds yellowish-green; flowers creamy, fragrant."
Cotypes in N.Y. Bot. Gard. herb, and herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus.,
collected on steep wooded slopes of Ptari-tepui' state of Bolivar,
alt. 1585-1600 m., November 10-11, 1944, Steyermark 60008, "tree
50-60 feet tall;" along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., November 23, 1944,
Steyermark 60465.
Licania subrotundata Maguire, sp. nov.
Arbor parva; ramulis teretibus glabris; foliis (4) 5-7 cm. longis
(3) 3.5-5.5 (6.0) cm. latis coriaceis, superne glabris venis obscuris
prominulis, subtus compactis pallidis fulvo-tomentosis, 5-6 jugis
prominentibus brunneis nervis lateralibus costaque exceptis, late
ovatis vel suborbiculatis, apice breve late acuminate vel rotundato,
basi rotundata vel subcordata, petiolo crasso 4-6 mm. longo glabro
sed lepidoto minute transverse rimoso eglanduloso, stipulis ca. 2.5
mm. longis lineari-subulatis, nodo adnatis caducis; inflorescentiis
paniculatis fulvo-velutinis; floribus non visis; fructibus late com-
presso-orbicularibus ca. 3 cm. longis 1.5-2.0 cm. crassis compacte
granulo-fulvo-tomentosis, stipibus 3~5 mrn. longis; pedicello crasso
2-3 mm. longo.
Type in N.Y. Bot. Gard. herb., isotype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist.
Mus., collected between Picacho del Galipa'n and Boca del Tigre,
Cordillera del Avila, Dist. Federal, alt. 1960-1980 m., June 11, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 56917, "tree 25 feet tall; leaves stiff cori-
aceous, chartaceous, deep green and shining above, buff-silvery
below, fruit brown."
Obviously related to Licania micrantha, L. subrotundata most
resembles L. ovalifolia Kleinh.
Hirtella deflexa Maguire, sp. nov.
Arbor parva; ramulis patentibus fusco-hirsutis; foliis valde in
pianos duos deflexis; faciebus inferioribus adpressis, laminis ovatis
(4) 5-8 cm. longis 2-4 (5) cm. latis ovatis valde cordatis basi rugosa,
apice brevi-acuminato, papyraceis vel subcoriaceis, sparse hispido-
strigosis venis supra impressis, subtus prominulis 7-8 jugis, petiolo
valde recurvato 2-4 mm. longo valde hispido, stipulis lineari-subulatis
ca. 4 mm. longis hispidis; paniculis axillaribus, in planum foliorum
deflexis, 10-15 cm. longis valde patentibus vel aliquantum reflexis
fulvo-hispidis, bracteis bracteolisque ovato-lanceolatis, maioribus
3-4 mm. longis, pectinate stipitato-glandulosis submembranaceis
sparse hispidis; ramis 2-3-floribus; pedicellis 3-5 mm. longis, valde
hispidis; floribus zygomorphis, hypantheis ca. 2 mm. longis, hispidis
externe, glabris interne, sepalis ca. 3 mm. longis patentibus obova-
to -ovatis, extus hispidis, intus villosis; staminibus 6, filamentis
secundis, ca. 10 mm. longis, antheris oblongis, ca. 0.5 mm. longis
petalis oblongo-obovatis, ca.4 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, ungue brevis-
simo; ovario hispido; stylo dimidio inferiore hispido; fructu non viso.
256 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Type in N.Y. Bot. Card, herb., collected on riverbank, in Mt. Ror-
aima District, vicinity Arabupu, state of Bolivar, alt. 4200 feet, A. S.
Pinkus 46, "small tree 8 feet high; petals white, yellow at base;
stamens crimson."
. Cotype in N.Y. Bot. Card. herb, and herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus.,
collected in vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-
tepuf and Sororopan-tepui, state -of Bolivar, alt. 1615 m*, November
15-17, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60250, "shrub 20 feet tall; leaves
drooping ' in 2 planes, chartaceous, dark green above, dull green
below; calyx wine purple on outside, dull lavender within; petals
white, filaments rose-purple."
H. deflexa is cfosely related to and probably derived from H. pani-
culata Sw., differing most conspicuously in the axillary deflected
raceme-like panicles rather than terminal panicles, and reflected-
cordate leaves rather than non-cordate leaves.
LEGUMINOSAE1?
Subfam. MIMOSOJDEAE
Calliandra trijugata Schery, sp. nov.
Frutex magnus ad 8 m. altus, ramulis teretibus suberosis pubes-
centibus, virgis lateralibus condensatissimus stipjulis imbricatis et
ad "virgis brevibus (short shoots)" similibus; foliis eglandularibus
pinnis 3-jugatis foliolis ca. 15-jugatis, petiolis teretibus tomentosis
ca. 1-1.5 cm. longis rhachidibus tomentosis 2-3 cm. longis ad apicem
subtus conspicue apiculatis, pinnis 3-9 cm. longis apiculatis, foliolis
oblique oblongis in amplitudine variabilibus 3-13 mm. longis 1-5 mm.
latis basi inequilateraliter truncatis apici obtusis vel rotundatis
supra et subtus pubescentibus costa subcentrale venis secondariis
obscuris, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis ca. 4 mm. longis persistentibus
subcucullatis extus pubescentibus; inflorescentiis capitulatis parvis,
ex nodis defoliatis virgorum brevorum (short shoots), pedunculis
10-15 mm. longis pubescentibus bracteis capitularum squamiformibus;
floribus paucis bisexualibus ? albis (staminibus supra purpureis
exceptis), calycibus infundibuliformibus ca. 2 mm. longis subglabris
angulatis breve dentatis, corollis infundibuliformibus ca. 6 mm.
longis pubescentibus dentibus triangularibus ca. 2 mm. longis, stami-
nibus paucis (ca. 10) 15-20 mm. longis tubo incluso, ovario subterete
tomentoso; leguminibus sublinearibus ca. 12 cm. longis et 12 mm.
latis, facie valvorum rufo-pubescente indentato transverse rugoso,
marginibus elevatis subglabris crassis ca. 4 mm. latis longitudi-
naliter striatis, seminibus ca. 4-5.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. MBG, collected
on rocky savana slopes between Ciudad Boh'var and Rio Carom', state
of Bolivar, alt. 100 m., August 1, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57592.
Calliandra, natural and distinct as a genus, is notoriously difficult
and inconstant in specific boundaries. Species have been regarded
as generally quite localized. In that sense there need be little
19By Robert W. Schery
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 257
hesitation in describing C. trijugata as new, although it must be
realized that extensive collections from tropical America will likely
establish that many "species" are ecotypes or mere variants of
entities represented by older names. I have been unable to examine
specimens of a number of species reported from Venezuela, among
them C. panlosia Johnston, C. laxa var. parvifolium Benth. and C.
Blakeana Pittier, which to judge "ex char." are closely related to
C. trijugata, and with which C. trijugata may well intergrade. Calli-
andra trijugata apparently differs from C. panlosia chiefly in the
(constantly) 3 instead of 4 or 5 pairs of pinnae. Inflorescences of
the type specimen have suffered insect attack, perhaps explaining
why no complete gynaecium was found and why in some flowers this
is apparently absent.
Inga bijuga Schery, sp. nov. (Sect. Diadema)
Arbor parva ca. 8 m. alta, ramulis ferrugineo-puberulis mox glabris
dense bruneo-lenticellatis, foliis 2-jugatis, petiolis (ca. 15 mm.
longis) et rhachibus (ca. 20 mm. longis) crassis subteretibus et
exalatis puberulis glande urceolato inter insertionem jugi foliolarum
inferiorum; foliolis ellipticis 7-16 cm. longis et 2.5-6.5 cm. latis
apici acutis vel brevissime attenuatis basi acutis glabris coriaceis
nitidulis, venis lateralibus ca. 11 paribus arcuatis prope marginem
confluentibus, petiolulis 3-4 mm. longis puberulis; stipulis linearibus
ca. 5 mm. longis; inflorescentiis axillaribus vel supra axillaris brevi-
bus, pedunculis ca. 5-10 mm. longis puberulis, floribus albis breve-
pedicellatis (pedicellis ca. 1 mm. longis) brevissime-spicatis sub-
umbellatisve ex receptaculo grosso, bracteis parvis ca. 1 mm. longis;
calycibus tubulari-cupulatis ca. 2 mm. longis puberulis, dentibus 5
triangularibus 0.3-0.5 mm. longis; corollis tubulari-infundibuliformi-
bus ca. 7 mm. longis glabris apici excepto puberulo, dentibus
lanceolatis 1-2 mm. longis; staminibus multis ca. 1 cm. longis tubo
incluso; ovariis oblongis glabris plano-quadrangularibus multi-
ovulatis stipitatis; leguminibus ignotis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on Sororopan-tepui,
state of Bolivar, alt. 2255 m., November 14, 1944, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 60103.
Outstanding features of this new species are the bijugate, thick
(coriaceous), glabrous leaflets and stout axes which give the plant a
sort of "fleshy" appearance. The inflorescence is unusually short
and condensed, born in (or above) the uppermost leaf axils.
In searching the scattered and perplexing literature concerning
Inga, I have been unable to place the cited specimen to my satisfac-
tion with any known species, although it bears great similarity t<
several. Inga bijuga seems to be close to the 6-foliolate /. glomeri
flora Ducke, and, except for its much larger leaves, greatly resemble:
/. pachyphylla Harms to judge "ex char." It also resembles some o
the once-pinnate Pithecolobium species, but has 2-ranked leave
characteristic of Inga. Its affinities are Amazonian.
258 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Pithecolobium bijugatum Schery, sp. nov. (? Sect. Samanea, Set.
Subarticulatae)
Arbor parva 5-7 m. alta, ramulis puberulis mox glabris non lenti-
cellatis teretibus; foliis bipinnatis pinnis 2-jugatis foliolis 3'5-
jugatis, petiolis brevibus ca. 5 mm. longis grossis puberulis vel
glabris nigrescentibus subteretibus, rhachidibus ca. 10-15 mm. longis
puberulis supra sulcatis et submarginatis glandibus rotundatis vel
subconicis inter insertiones pinnarura, pinnis 3'H cm. longis rhachidi-
bus internodialibus submarginatis glandibus concavis inter insertiones
2 parium superorum foliolarum, foliolis inequilateraliter obovatis 1-5
cm. longis et 0.5-3 cm. latis apici rotundatis vel subemarginatis basi
inequilateraliter cuneatis vel late acutis glabris supra nitidis vel
nitidissimis venis lateralibus multis prominentibus confluentibus et
reticulatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus umbellatis, pedunculis ca.
3-4 cm. longis puberulis eglandularibus, bracteis lineari-spatulatis
3-4 mm. longis caducis ?, pedicellis tenuibus ca. 3 mm. longis
nigrescentibus glabris; calycibus infundibuliformibus ca. 4 mm.
longis (in alabastro) glabris apici pubescenti excepto, corollis glab-
ris apici excepto, staminibus multis antheris eglandularibus. Flori-
bus maturis et leguminibus ignotis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected at Sanariapo, Terri-
torio Federal Amazonas, alt. 124 m., 1942, Llewelyn ^Williams 15953.
One is generally hesitant to regard as indubitably new a species
of so large, complex, and incomprehensively studied a genus as is
Pithecolobium. This is particularly true with P. bijugatum, the type
lacking as it does fruit and mature flower. Yet I have been unable to
match the Williams specimen satisfactorily with herbarium material at
the Missouri Botanical Garden, or to locate it in any keys or in the
scattered literature to Pithecolobium. Without fruit the species can-
not be accurately assigned to a section of the genus, although cer-
tainly it falls either into Abaremotemo or Samanea. If the latter, its
series well may be Subarticulatae. Superficially it greatly resembles
the West Indian P. obovale (Abaremotemo), lacking however the large
rachial glands and floral pubescence, and differing in leaflet texture.
An unusual feature of P. bijugatum is the prominent anastomosing
venation of the glossy upper leaflet surface, reminding one of P.
marginatum and some species of Dalbergia.
Pithecolobium sabanensis Schery, sp. nov. (Sect. Samanea, Ser.
Coriacea ?)
Frutex ca. 1 m. alta, ramulis cinereo-puberulis non lenticellatis
teretibus; foliis bipinnatis pinnis 3~ 5- jugatis foliolis ca. 15-40-
jugatis, petiolis ca. 1 cm. longis puberulis vel subglabris teretibus
supra subsulcatis exceptis, rhachidibus ca. 2-5 cm. longis supra
tomentellis cum glandibus urceolatis sessilibus inter insertiones
pinnarum 5-10 cm. longis supra sulcatis et tomentellis cum glandibus
parvis urceolatis inter insertiones 4-5 parium superorum foliolarum,
foliolis linearibus ca. 14 mm. longis et 2.5 mm. latis apici obtusis
vel rotundatis basi inequilateraliter rotundatis glabris coriaceis supra
nitidis venis secondariis obscuris subtus venis subprominentibus
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 259
ad marginem confluentibus; inflorescentiis axillaribus umbellatis,
pedunculis glabris ca. 3-4 cm. longis, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis,
bracteis parvis caducis; calycibus infundibuliformibus ca. 3 mm.
longis glabris dentibus lanceolatis ca. 1 mm. longis, corollis infundi-
buliformibus ca. 7 mm. longis albis glabris dentibus ovato-lanceola-
tis ca. 3 mm. longis, staminibus 10 ca. 11 mm. longis glabris basi
confluentibus in tubo ca. 4 mm. longo, antheris orbicularibus bilocu-
laribus in juventute glandularibus, ovario oblongo ca. 1.5 mm. longo
crasso apici subinflato et pubescente multiovulato, stylo glabro,
stigmate capitate; leguminibus lineare-oblongis arcuatis ca. 3-5 cm.
longis et 8 mm. latis planis coriaceis tarde-dehiscentibus glabris,
valvis senibus nigrescentibus fibrosis et transverse fissis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in Gran Sabana south
of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., October 2, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
59146.
This shrubby species of the Gran Sabana (hence the specific name)
appears similar to species such as P. pedicellate (DC.) Benth.
(Sect. Samanea, Ser. Carnosae) and P. corymbosum (Rich.) Benth.
(Sect. Samanea, Ser. Subarticulatae). Yet to judge from legume
characters it apparently falls in a different series (Coriaceae) of the
section Samanea where it is unique in its more delicate, pedicellate
flowers. Its exact placement not obvious, it is not surprising that the
specimen was received already labeled Calliandra. Indeed the in-
florescence resembles Calliandra, but the arcuate legume not elasti-
cally dehiscent from above and the glandular leaf rachis preclude the
species' placement there. The definite number of stamens (10) is
unusual in xhe Ingeae (viz. P. decandrum Ducke), but the species
seems to fit better the "catch-all" genus Pithecolobium than say
Piptadenia (Piptadenieae) where the stamens and glandular anthers
might indicate its falling in most keys to the subfamily.
Pithecolobium subaquaticum Schery, sp. nov. (Sect. Samanea, Ser
Coriaceae)
Arbor gracilis vel frutex elatus, ramulis puberulis mox glabris
lenticellatis teretibus, foliis magnis bipinnatis pinnis 1-2-jugatis
foliolis multis (ca. 15-20-jugatis); petiolis brevibus ca. 15 mm.
longis nigro-puberulis rhachidibus (si adsit) similibus glandibus
scutelliformibus magnis subter insertiones pinnarum, pinnis ca. 12
cm. longis rhachidibus pubescentibus glandibus parvis subconicis
subter insertiones plurorum parium (superorum) foliolarum, foliolis
lineari-oblongis et subfalcatis ca. 2 cm. longis et 5 mm. latis apice
obtusis vel late acutis basi inequilateralissime subtruncatis glabris
coriaceis costis medianis venis secundariis subobscuris ad margines
confluentibus; stipulis lanceolatis ca. 4 mm. longis; inflorescentiis
axillaribus capitatis, axibus clavatis 2-3 cm. longis rufo-pubescenti-
bus, bracteis triangularibus ca. 2-3 mm. longis; floribus subsessili-
bus; calycibus tubulari-infundibuliformibus magnis ca. 14 mm. longis
rufo-tomentellis dentibus prominentibus lanceolatis ca. 4 mm. longis,
corollis tubulari-infundibuliformibus 25-30 mm. longis rufo-tomen-
tellis albis dentibus 5-6 mm. iongis; staminibus multis (ca. 100 ?)
260 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ca. 4 cm. longis albis tubo non exserto; leguminibus linearibus, ca.
15-20 cm. longis et 2 cm. latis, planis, coriaceis, aliquanto arcuatis,
marginibus breve elevatis, reticulato-venosis, puberulis mox sub-
glabris, breve stipitatis ex calycibus persistentibus, apici acuminatis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected at mouth of Sanariapo
river, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 124 m., 1942, Llewelyn
Williams 15946. Evidently identical is Ducke 653, from the lower
Rio Negro near Manaos, Amazonas, Brazil, (det. by Ducke as P.
adiantifolium Benth.).
This species is a member of the group centering about P. discolor
(P. adiantifolium), in which group it is distinguished by the compara-
tively large flowers and few pinnae with many leaflets. The specific
name is in reference to the species' habitat, described by Williams
as aquatic, the trunk completely submerged in water (flood?); and by
Ducke, as on banks periodically inundated.
Subfam. PAPILIONOIDEAE
Clitoria coriacea Schery, sp. nov. (Sect. Clitorianthes Bth.)
Arbusta volubula, ramulis plus minus ve rigidis griseis puberulis
vel appresso-pubescentibus mox glabrescentibus subangulatis no-
dosis ex cicatricibus folium; stipulis parvis lanceolatis ca. 5 mm.
longis glabris griseis; foliis 3-foliolatis mediocribus, petiolis 3-4
cm. longis nigris puberulis supra planis, rhachidibus ca. 1.5 cm.
longis petiolo similibus, stipellis parvis subulato-lanceolatis 1-3
mm. longis, petiolulis ca. 2 mm. longis nigris rugoso-callosis, lami-
nis foliolarum ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis ca. 6-9 cm. longis et 3-5
cm. latis basi breve cordatis vel subtruncatis apici obtuse acutis
glabris coriaceis prominente reticulato-venosis nervis lateralibus
ca. 5-6 paribus confluentibus 2-3 nun. ab marginibus supra nitidis;
inflorescentiis brevibus axillaribus breve-racemosis pubescentibus,
bracteis lanceolatis ca. 2-3 mm. longis, bracteolis (sub calyce)
lanceolato-linearibus ad 6 mm. longis angustis acuminatis longi-
tudinaliter striatis puberulis, pedicellis ca. 4 mm. longis; calycibus
tubulare-campanulatis ca. 2.5 cm. longis (tubo ca. 1.5 cm. longo)
puberulis et ventraliter cum pilis longis aureis, lobis lanceolato-
acuminatis inferioribus exceptis linearibus et longioribus; petalis
magnis purpureis, vexillo obovato ca. 55 mm. longo extus (ad medium)
pubescente nervoso, alis et carina ca. 35 mm. longis glabris; stamini-
bus 10, 9 in vagina longa unitis et 1 libero ad basin excepto, glabris
ca. 4 cm. longis, antheris 10 oblongo-lanceolatis 2-3 mm. longis
nigris ad margines brunneis exceptis; ovariis linearibus pilosis
multiovulatis cum stylo ca. 45 mm. longis, stylo arcuato pubescente
(supra ex ovaria ad stigmatem), stigmate capitate; leguminibus
ignotis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in open savana near
San Antonio, Upper Orinoco, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 130
m., April 27, 1942, Llewelyn Williams 15047, "arbusto trepador: las
flores purpureas o de color de malva. "
This species is close to C. javitensis Benth., from which it differs
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 261
primarily in the smaller, ovate-lanceolate, not acuminate, coriaceous
leaflets. In fact, as far as I am aware, no other species of the genus
has similar leaves. Other salient characteristics are the vegetative
glabrescence, very short inflorescence, narrow subtending bractlets
shorter than the calyx, large flowers, and long-acuminate calyx lobes.
Pterocarpus magnicarpa Schery sp. nov.
Arbor alta, ramulis brunneis rufo-puberulis mox glabris longitudi-
naliter valde albo-lenticellatissimis; foliis grandibus ca. 9-foliolatis,
petiolis ca. 4 cm. longis teretibus rufo-puberulis, rhachidibus 12-15
cm. longis rufo-puberulis vel rufo-tomentulosis, foliolis alternatis
oblongis vel ellipticis 11-20 cm. longis et 4-7 cm. latis apici
attenuato-acuminatis basi cuneatis vel rotundatis supra glabris sub-
tus minute rufo-puberulis cum nervis lateralibus conspicuis ca. 8
paribus inconspicue reticulatis; petiolulis ca. 4 mm. longis callosis;
stipulis ovatis ca. 5 mm. longis? caducis; inflorescentiis racemosis
ex axillibus superioribus (et mox defoliatis?) ad 15 cm. longis, pedi-
cellis- ca. 6 mm. longis (in fructu); floribus ignotis; leguminibus
planis magnis arcuato-suborbicularibus ca. 11 cm. longis et 9 cm.
latis basi rotundatis apici truncatis sessilibus reticulatis tomentulo-
sis suberosis marginibus papyraceis; seminibus 1-3 ca. 2 cm. longis
compressis verticalibus exocarpio rufo-brunneo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. MBG., collect-
ed in woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary of Rfb
Neverf, northeast of Bergantin, state of Anzoategui, alt. 500 m.,
Feb. 20, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 61021, " 'sangre de drago.'
Cortex of wood when cut has red color, the wood is poor, breaks
easily; fruit eaten by animals; the bloody colored sap is used to
treat inflamed tonsils or throat, put the sap in cold water and drink;
tree 100 feet tall with buttresses; leaves firmly membranaceous, deep
green above, dull gray green below."
The species is marked by the large, papyraceous, tomentulose
legumes; and large, long-acuminate leaflets that show ir the dry
state little of the fine reticulation usually evident in the f nus. The
legume, although somewhat larger than in P. Rohrii, resembles that
species, while the leaflets more resemble those of some specimens
of P . amazonum (P. Ulei), P. amazonicus or unduly large P. offici-
nalis. The name P. rufescens Bth. could apply to the Steyermark
specimen, although Macbride describes the leaflet of P. rufescens
as only "5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide or larger;". I have been unable to
find any thorough description or illustration of P. rufescens, and no
specimens are on deposit in the herbarium of the Mo. Bot. Garden.
Pterocarpus Rohrii Vahl var. rubiginosus Schery, var. nov.
Ab specie differt inflorescentiis elongatis ad 12 cm. calycibus
rubiginoso-tomentosis ca. 9 mm. longis pedicellis ca. 5 mm. longis
floribus magnis ca. 15 mm. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. MBG., collect-
ed in level rainforest with Roystonea oleracea, Sabal mauritiaeformis,
Scheelea, and Bactris, near Taria, state of Yaracuy, alt. 75 m.,May
262 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
29, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56861, "tree 35 feet; corolla orange;
calyx brownish green; leaves subcoriaceous, deep green above, dull
green below."
There has been some confusion regarding P. Rohrii in the past,
most specimens so determined actually being P. amazonicus accord-
int to Ducke. I have accepted Ducke's interpretation in considering
the generally smaller-flowered, short-pedicellate, long-bracteolate
collections as P. amazonicus, and the generally larger-flowered,
longer-pedicellate, short-bracteolate specimens as P. Rohrii. The
Steyermark collection appears to be a variant of the latter, unique in
the rather rubigenous toraentum of the inflorescence, and at or near
the upper extreme in flower size, pedicel length, and inflorescence
length. The obcordate standard is about 15 mm. wide and long,
glabrous, yellow-orange and without a basal purple spot characteris-
tic of many species. Inflorescences are axillary from both foliate
and defoliate nodes (the latter condensed on short, new, lateral
twigs), with caducous bracts and bractlets. The leaves are mostly
5-7-foliolate; the leaflets alternate, oblong or elliptic, 6-15 cm. long
and 3-7 cm. wide, glabrous, markedly reticulate. Affinities of the
variety are with Andean (Colombian) collections, rather than Ama-
zonian or Guianian.
Swartzia angustifoliola Schery, sp. nov. (Ser Tounateae?)
Arbor 10 m., ramulis juventate rufo-velutinis mox glabris; foliis
decussatis pinnatis cum foliolis multis (ca. 17: i.e. 8-jugatis),
petiolo rufo-velutino 15-20 mm. longo supra piano, apici marginato,
rhachide 10-15 cm. longo rufo-velutino ad insertionem foliolorum
dilatato et conspicue biapiculato (appendicibus subulatis ca. 2 mm.
longis), foliolis anguste oblongis 5-8 cm. longis et 1.5-2 cm. latis
basi rotundatis apici attenuatissime supra glabris et nitidis subtus
rufo-puberulis venis costa excepto inconspicuis reticulatis; petiolu-
lis brevibus ca. 1 mm. longis; stipulis parvis lanceolato-subulatis ca.
1 mm. longis; inflorescentiis lateralibus ex ramis vetulis solitariis
racemosis ca. 8 cm. longis rufo-tomentulosis, bracteis parvis lanceo-
latis ca. 1 mm. longis, pedicellis rufo-tomentulosis ca. 5 mm. longis;
floribus multis, ignotis, calycibus vetustioribus 4-5-segmentatis ca.
6 mm. longis intus glabris extus rufo-toraentulosis; leguminibus
oblongo-reniformibus 2-2.5 cm. longis et 10-12 mm. latis rubris
appresso-pubescentibus subteretibus basi stipe ca. 5 mm. longo apici
recurvo-subuncinatis (stylo breve uncinato?) monoseminatis; semini-
bus oblongis ca. 20 mm. longis et 8-9 mm. latis glabris nigris nitidis
apici cum arillo albo conspicuo ca. 1 cm. longo et funiculo tenue
ca. 8 mm. longo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on solid ground near
Capihuara, on the upper Casiquiare, Territorio Federal Amazonas,
alt. 118 m., May 26, 1942, Llewelyn Williams 15560, "N.V. Chavanare
de tierra firme. Arbol delgado de 10 m. con corona paquena, algo
abierta; el rruto es una legumbre de color rosado a castano claro,
dehiscente, como de 30 cm. de largo, monospermo, las semillas
negras lustrosas, envueltas en un aril bianco; el tronco derecho, 8
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 263
cm. de diametro, redondo, sin ramas por las 3/4 partes de la altura;
entre vegctacion baja en sitios medio abiertos de tierra firrae; la
corteza delgada, lisa, grisacea y la madera de color claro;".
Although the type specimen is not in flower and is thus difficult
to trace through the keys, I am convinced from perusal of the litera-
ture that it is unlike other species in its area. I can suggest no very
closely allied species, although S. angustifoliola does resemble
several species of eastern and southern Brazil, such as S. apetala
Raddi and S. acutifolia Vog. It is marked by the many, narrow, long-
acuminate leaflets; lateral inflorescences; and short, "stub-nosed"
reddish legume bearing a single conspicuously arillate and funicu-
late seed.
Swartzia parvifolia Schery, sp. nov.
Arbor ca. 15 m. alta, ramulis juventates puberulis mox glabris
nigrescentibus; foliis parvis 6-10 cm. longis 5-7-foliolatis, petiolo
6-10 mm. longo puberulo vel glabro terete nigro, rhachide 20-40 mm.
longo puberulo vel glabro exalato nigro; foliolis oppositis vel sub-
oppositis ovato-lanceolatis 3^6.5 cm. longis et ca. 2 cm. latis basi
rotundatis apici caudato-acuminatis glabris (puberulis subtus ad
costam exceptis) supra nitidis et nigrescentibus (in sicco) venis
lateralibus inconspicuis ascendentibus confluentibus ad marginem
non crebris; petiolulis 2-3 mm. longis; stipulis minutis lanceolatis
caducis; inflorescentiis axillaribus ca. 5 cm. longis aureo-appresso-
tomentulosis cum floribus paucis (ca. 5?)> pedicellis ca. 15 mm.
longis tomentulosis; floribus non visis; calycibus vetustioribus ca.
5-laciniatis, segmentis 8-9 mm. longis extus aureo-tomentulosis intus
glabris; leguminibus immaturis? cum stipe ca. 6 cm. longis (stipe
ca. 13 mm. longo) et 15 mm. latis oblongis basi cuneatis apici in-
equilateraliter obtusis vel acutis glabris, rugoso-verrucosis ligneo-
coriaceis stylo vetere recto breve (ca. 3 mm. longo?) (Fig. 45).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. MBG., col-
lected in wooded ravine below edge of mesa, mesa escarpment be-
tween Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 km.
northwest of Kavanayen, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., Nov. 23,
1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60459, " 'aru-cayu-yek' Tree—; leaves
coriaceous, dark green above, dull green below."
This species seems to be a high elevation variant of the Ama-
zonian S. laevicarpa Amsh., from which it can be distinguished by
the smaller, narrower, caudate-acuminate leaflets and smaller legume.
Also somewhat similar in the herbarium to S. parvifolia, but having
broader, differently veined leaflets and smaller legume, is S. dipetala
Willd. ex Vog. Were it not that a large number of new entities have
resulted from Steyermark's collections from the cited locality I would
be more hesitant in describing as new a Swartzia known only in fruit
and impossible to trace through the keys. The type specimen was
received tentatively determined as Machaerium by Pittier.
Swartzia Pittieri Schery, sp. nov. (Ser. Orthostyleae)
Arbor ramulis subangulatis leviter pubescentibus mox glabris;
264
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
centimeters
\
2
3
4
3
i||
HI
Illllllll
Illllllll
Illllllll
III!
INI
FIGURE 45
Swartzia parvifolia
Habit of fruiting branch (X 2/3)
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 265
foliis pinnatis 7-foliolatis, petiolo breve 5-8 mm. longo aureo-
tomentoso subterete exalato; rhachide petiolo simile ad insertionem
foliolorum biapiculato cum appendicibus subulatis 1-2 mm. longis;
foliolis ovato-oblongis vel obovato-oblongis 3-8 cm. longis et 2-3.5
cm. latis basi rotundatis apici obtusis glabris concoloribus venis
lateralibus ca. 8-jugatis moderatim conspicuis; petiolulis callosis
pubescentibus 1-2 mm. longis; stipulis ovatis ca. 3 mm. longis cadu-
cis; inflorescentiis racemosis solitariis vel pauci-fasciculatis ex
axillis (defoliatis?) superioribus 5-15 cm. longis puberulis, bracteis
minutis lanceolatis ca. 1 mm. longis, pedicellis subglabris ca. 13
mm. longis; floribus multis, alabastro rotundato ca. 5 mm. alto,
calyce vetustiore 2-partito glabro, petalo 1 suborbiculare ca. 1 cm.
longo flavo; staminibus brevioribus multis ca. 7 mm. longis, stamini-
bus longioribus 4 ca. 12 mm. longis; ovario fusiformi ca. 5 mm. longo
glabro compresso ca. 12-ovulato, stipe 4-5 mm. longo; stylo breve
ca. 2 mm. longo glabro arcuato sed subrecto et non uncinato, stig-
mate cinereo-puberulente; legumine ignoto.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected among granite bould-
ers at foot of El Perico, Puerto Ayacucho, Territorio Federal Ama-
zonas, alt. 124 m., January 13, 1942, Llewelyn Williams 13820,
"tree 25 to 30 feet tall; crown irregular, branches twisted; flowers
yellow, in terminal panicles; trunk round, moderately straight, 10
inches diam., unbranched for half the height; bark gray, scaly and
fairly rough; wood hard, light colored, heart purplish brown, thin;".
This species is named in honor and memory of Henri Pittier, who
cited the Williams collection as Swartzia sp. in the Catalogo de la
Flora Venezolana, Caracas, 1945. It is obviously closely allied to
S. Trianae Benth., which has, however, 5 instead of 7 leaflets and
shows other minor differences. Also related is S. Jorori Harms of
Bolivian Amazonia, which, however, has smaller, more slender in-
florescences; apiculate buds; and typically fewer leaflets on more
elongate petiole and rachis. Both S. Pittieri and S. Trianae are
marked by the bipartite calyx.
Swartzia tepuiensis Schery, sp. nov. (Ser. Orthostyleae)
Arbor 10 m., ramulis crassis, angulatis, nigro-tomentosis; foliis
grandibus pinnatis foliolis 7 (3-jugatis), petiolo nigro-velutino 3-5
cm. longo supra piano bisulcatoque apici marginato eglandulare;
rhachide ca. 8 cm. longo petiolo similo inter insertiones foliolorum
appendiculato cum callo piano apici rotundato vel emarginato; foliolis
oblongis 8-18 cm. longis et 4-7.5 cm. latis basi obtusis apici obtuse
et breve acuminatis, coriaceis, supra glabris nervis lateralibus ca.
16 paribus subparallelibus subindentatis non conspicue reticulatis ad
marginem confluentibus subtus rufo-tomentosis vel hirsutis nervis
lateralibus elevatissimis, petiolulis grossis ca. 6 mm. longis nigro-
velutinis; stipulis magnis suborbicularibus ca. 15 mm. longer et
20 mm. latis caducis; inflorescentiis racemosis 5-15 cm. longis 3-4-
fasciculatis ex axillis superioribus brunneo-velutinis, bracteis ovatis
vel oblongis 7-8 mm. longis concavis intus glabris (extus brunneo-
velutinis inflorescentiis similibus) persistentibus, pedicellis ca. 1
cm. longis ebracteolatis; floribus multis, alabastro rotundato, calyci-
266 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
bus in anthese 3'6-segmentatis intus glabris extus brunneo-hirsu-
tissimis, petalo 1 aureo magno ovate orbiculare ca. 25 nun. longo
intus glabro extus ad nervis conspicue brunneo-pubescentis, stamini-
bus brevioribus multis ca. 1 cm. longis antheris bilocularibus cum
connectivo grosso ca. 1 mm. longis et latis, staminibus longioribus
5 ca. 16 mm. longis antheris ca. 2 mm. longis; ovario fusiforme ca.
7 mm. longo rufo- vel cinereo-tomentoso, stipe aequilongo; stylo
recto ca. 7 mm. longo nigro glabris (basi excepto), stigmate parvo
cinereo-puberulente; legumine ignoto.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. MBG., col-
lected in upper woods at southeastern base of Carrao-tepuf, state of
Bolivar, alt. 1460-1615 m., Dec. 4-5, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
60840, "tree 30 ft., single petal and anthers golden-orange; outside
of sepals, pedicels and rachis rich deep brown; inside of sepals pale
green; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above, buff-brown below."
The species is named for the highland "tepui" country to which it
and its near relatives are indigenous. The specimen cited was re-
ceived determined by Pittier as S. pachyphylla Harms, a species
which it resembles as it does also the very similar S. grandifolia
Bong, and S. xanthopetala Sandw. S. tepuiensis differs from these,
however, in lacking bractlets beneath the calyx, in the blunt append-
age between insertion of the petiolules, in the generally less alate
leaf rachis, and in the more abundant secondary venation than S.
grandifolia and S. xanthopetala, and less coarse venation than S.
pachyphylla. To judge "ex. char." the species would be close to
S. tomentosa var. alstoni Sandw. of British Guiana, which, however,
is reported to have inflorescences arising from old branches, the
clearly not the case in S. tepuiensis.
Taralea rigida Schery, sp. nov.
Frutex subdecumbens ca. 1 m., ramis elongatis teretibus glabris
nigrescentibus non lenticel latis; foliis (in typo) oppositis, suboppo-
sitis et alternatis, foliolis oppositis paripinnatis 1-2-jugatis; petiolis
3-4-cm. longis glabris eglandularibus subteretibus supra planis
exceptis, rhachidibus (si adsit) ca. 2 cm. longis glabris apici cum
apiculo subulato prominente 3-8 mm. longo; foliolis 2 vel 4 ovato-
lanceolatis ca. 7 cm. longis et 2 cm. latis basi rotundatis apici
acutis et breve-attenuatis glabris rigidi-coriaceis supra nitidis sub-
avenosis subtus minute reticulatis cum venulis elevatis; petio lulls
calloso-rugosis ca. 2 mm. longis; stipulis non visis; inflorescentiis
terminalibus et ex axillis superioribus paniculatis ad 15 cm. longis
pauci- et breve-ramosis, bracteis subulatis ca. 1 mm. longis caducis,
pedicellis 4-5 mm. longis supra articulatis cum stipe calycis; 2 lobis
superioribus calycis oblongis ca. 12 mm. longis et 5 mm. latis rubris
membranaceis glabris, 3 lobis inferioribus minutis; petalis 5 sub-
violaceis libris oblongis (vexillo obcordatis) subaequalibus 8-11 mm.
longis glabris; staminibus 10 unitis (monadelphis) ca. 8 mm. longis
glabris antheribus ovalibus ca. 1 mm. longis; ovariis ovatis ca. 2
mm. longis uniovulatis compressis sed ad ovulam turgidis breve-
stipitatis lateraliter glabris ab margine superiore pilosis, stylis
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
267
elongatis ca. 5 mm. longis glabris, stigmatibus capitatis; legumini-
bus ignotis (Fig. 46).
FIGURE 46
V
Taralea rigida
A, Habit of flowering branch (X 2/3); B, Flower (X 1); C, Calyx (X 1)
268 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. MBG., col-
lected on rocky edge df mesa, along mesa escarpment between Santa
Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 km. northwest
of Kavanayen, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., Nov. 23, 1944, Julian
A. Steyermark 60450, "sprawling shrub 2-3 ft. with spreading elon*
gated branches; leaves coriaceous, bronze dull green above, dull
olive green below; rachis blackish; calyx orchid-lavender; standard
rose-orchid; wings lavender; keel pink-rose."
This species seems to be quite unlike others in the genus, and I
can suggest none as closely related. It is marked by the rigidly
coriaceous leaflets in 1 or (less often) 2 pairs, the prominent mucron
that terminates the petiole (or rachis), and in being a sprawling shrub
rather than a tree. The specific name is in allusion to the stiff
aspect of the leaves. Although the genus (as segregated from Dip-
teryx (Coumarouna)) centers in the Guiana uplands, T. rigida comes
from a higher more severe habitat than usual.
Taralea Steyermarkii Schery, sp. nov.
Arbor ad 10 m. alta, ramulis glabris non lenticellatis; foliis alter-
natis vel suboppositis, foliolis 3-jugatis oppositis vel suboppositis;
petiolis 2-4 cm. longis glabris vel subglabris teretibus supra planis
exceptis, rhachidibus 5-9 cm. longis glabris eglandularibus laterali-
ter marginatis; foliolis ellipticis 4-8 cm. longis 2.5-4 cm. latis apici
obtusis et breve retuso-acuminatis basi obtusis glabris minute
reticulato-nervosis nervulis elevatis supra nitidis et nigrescentibus;
petiolulis calloso-rugosis ca. 3 mm. longis; stipulis non visis; in-
florescentiis magnis ad 25 cm. paniculatis solitariis vel pauci-
fasciculatis ex axillis superioribus, bracteis lanceolatis ad 3 mm.
longis caducissimis, pedicellis ca. 5 mm. longis apici articulatis
cum stipe breve calycis; tubo calycis breve 2 lobis superioribus
orbiculari-obovatis ca. 11 mm. longis et 8 mm. latis glabris (margini-
bus tomentulosis exceptis) membranaceis 3 lobis inferioribus minu-
tis; petalis 5 libris aequilongis, vexillo ovato-orbiculare ca. 11 mm.
longo et 9 mm. lato reflexo glabro breve stipitato subconduplicativo,
alis apici latioribus et profunde bilobatis, carinis inaequilateraliter
oblongis ad marginem inferiorem adhaerentis; staminibus 10 ca. 8
mm. longis unitis (monodelphis) glabris antheris ca. 0.5 mm. longis
versatilibus; ovariis ovato-oblongis ca. 3 mm. longis compressis
glabris margine superiore excepto piloso 1-ovulatis, stylis ca. 5 mm.
longis glabris, stigmatibus capitatis; leguminibus ca. 2 cm. latis
dehiscentibus (Fig. 47).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. MBG, col-
lected along Rio Karuai, northwest of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n,
state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., November 30, 1944, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 60822, "tree 20-30 feet — , rachis and pedicels dull purple;
keel and standard purple; wings lavender lilac; calyx dull purple."
The type collection of this species was received tentatively de-
termined by Pittier as Taralea oppositifolia var. ?, and indeed it
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA-II 269
FIGURE 47
Taralea Steyermarkii
A, Habit of flowering branch (X 2/3); B, Single flower (X 2).
270 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
greatly resembles that species. The large broad calyx lobes; an
ovary that is glabrous except where pile se on the upper margin (as in
T. rigida rather than T. oppositifolia with a pubescent ovary); and
the short, broad, more delicately veined leaflets serve to distinguish
T. Steyermarkii from T. oppositifolia. Included with the Chicago
specimen are some legume fragments, presumably from the same
plant. These indicate marked, elastic dehiscence and coiling of the
thickish valves, but are too fragmentary and weathered to indicate
full size and shape of the legume.
Zollernia grandifolia Schery sp. nov.
Arbor 18 m. ramulis teretibus glabris; foliis simplicibus ellipticis
ca. 15-22 cm. longis et 6-10 cm. latis basi late acutis apici acutis
breve acuminatisque glabris pauci (ca. 20-30 dentibus per folium) et
inconspicue serratis venis prominulis reticulatis confluentibus, mar-
ginibus anguste callosis; petiolis brevibus ca. 5 mm. longis calloso-
rugosis supra sulcatis; stipulis lineari-subulatis ca. 3-4 mm. longis
caducis; inflorescentiis pauci-fasciculatis ex axillis superioribus,
paniculatis diffusis 10-15 cir. longis, rufo-tomentulosis, bracteis bre-
vibus lanceolatis ca. 1 mm. longis tomentosis persistentibus, pedi-
cellis ca. 6 mm. longis rufo-tomentulosis prope medium bibracteo-
latis; floribus numerosis, flavis, in alabastro inaequilateraliter
ovoideo-conicis et breve acuminatis; calyce tomentuloso ca. 7 mm.
longo, limbo caduco ca. 6 mm. longo; petalis 5 oblongis vel sub-
orbicularibus 5-6 mm. longis glabris; staminibus 10 libris, filamentis
brevibus 1-2 mm. longis glabris, antheris linearibus 4-5 mm. longis
apici attenuatis levissime pilosis; ovario oblongo ca. 4 mm. longo
juventate cinereo breve stipitato ca. 5-ovulato compresso terete,
stylo ca. 3 mm. longo arcuato glabro, stigmate parvo; legumine ignoto.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in upland forest,
Salto de Para, Medio Caura, state of Bolivar, alt. 200-250 m., 4-3"
1939, Llewelyn Williams 11370, "arbol sylvestre; copa tendida;
tronco redondo, 50 cm. diam., sin ramas por 9 m.; corteza separada in
escamas gruesas; corazon marron oscuro y albura blancuzca; madera
dura;".
Zollernia grandifolia is similar to Z. paraensis Hub., the only other
Amazonian species, but differs from the latter in the more diffuse,
profusely branched, rufous inflorescence and the larger, shallowly
toothed leaves. The collection constitutes a new record for the
genus in Venezuela, although recently Z. paraensis has been col-
lected in British Guiana. Certain British Guiana specimens de-
termined by Sandwith as "near Z. paraensis" may be Z. grandifolia.
The type collection of Z. grandifolia has been misdetermined as
Swartzia macrophylla and was found so located in the Chicago
collections.
HUMIRIACEAE
Humiria pilosa Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 12-13 m. alta; ramulis junioribus pubescentibus; foliis
elliptico-oblongis coriaceis, 3'5.2 cm. longis, 1.5-2.5 cm. latis, in
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 271
petiolum pubescentem 1-2 mm. longum contractis, apice obtusis
emarginatis, basi cuneatis, supra eglandulosis, subtus juxta margi-
nem ipsum obsolete crenulatis inter crenas dense impresse glandulo-
sis, facie superiore glabra, facie inferiore vel plerumque costa media
pilosa; inflorescentia folio multo breviori, dense cymoso-corymbosa,
dense pubescenti, pedunculo (immature) 2 cm. longo; calyce utrinque
pilis brevibus simplicibus instructis, lobis suborbicularibus; petalis
lanceolato-oblongis obtusis extrinsecus hirtellis, intus glabris;
staminibus liberis, ca. 20, filamentis liberis, antheris basi breviter
barbatis; ovario glabro.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in rich woods, vicini-
ty of "Misia Kathy Camp", on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan-
tepuf, state of Bolivar, alt. 1615 m., November 15-17, 1944, Julian
A. Steyermark 60289, "tree 40 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep
green above, paler green below."
This species differs from //. savannarum Gleason of the base of
Duida in having free filaments throughout, sepals pubescent both
without and within, petals pubescent dorsally from base to apex and
not only in distal half, anthers shortly barbate at the base, stems
pubescent throughout at maturity, and lower leaf surface as well as
lower midrib pubescent.
ERYTHROXYLACEAE
Erythroxylon venezuelense Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor, 6-10-metralis; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 2-3 mm.
longis, late ellipticis, basi acutis, apice obtusis vel acutis brevis-
sime mucronulatis, 4-10 cm. longis, in medio vel supra medium 1.5-
4.5 cm. latis, supra nitidis, subtus pallidioribus, nervo medio subtus
valde prominente, subcoriaceis; stipulis persistentibus, 1-1.5 cm.
longis, lanceolatis, dorso carinatis, apice manifeste fimbriatis vel
3-setulosis, manifeste longitudinaliter striatis; floribus in axillis
foliorum 3-6 congestis, pedicellatis, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis, 5*
angularibus; calyce 2.8 mm. longo, lobis ovato-triangularibus, 1.5
mm. longis, 1.2 mm. latis; petalis oblongis, apice rotundatis, 4 mm.
longis, 2 mm. latis; urceolo stamineo calyce paulo longiori, 2 mm.
alto; stylis 3 discretis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on wooded slopes of
Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio
Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), state of Bolivar, alt. 1065-1220 m.,
November 20-21, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60371, "tree 30 feet tall;
leaves subcoriaceous, deep green and shining above, paler green
below; flowers pale green."
Other collections are VENEZUELA: state of Bolfvar: Ptari-tepui,
dense forest along Rfo Karuai, between base of cerro and first ridge
above Rfo Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., November 27, 1944, Steyermark
60607; Mount Roraima, southwest-facing slopes bordered by hilly
savanna, alt. 1030-1155 m., September 25, 1944, Steyermark 58592,
"shrub 20-25 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, deep green and shining
above, pale green below; bracts brown." BRITISH GUIANA: scrub-
272 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
savanna, basin of Rupununi River, Yupukari, lat. about 3° 40' N.,
October 15, 1937, A . C. Smith 2257, "slender shrub to 5 m. high;
petals greenish white;" dense forest, western extremity of Kanuku
mountains, in drainage of Takutu River, alt. 700 m., March 4-22, 1938,
A. C. Smith 3308, "slender tree 5 m. high; petals and filaments
greenish white; fruit red."
Local names in Venezuela: "cawau-ya-yek" and "peruraata." It
is reported that this species is used in local medicine.
Although this species closely resembles E. mucronatum Benth., it
differs chiefly in the much larger stipules which may be fimbriate or
3-setulose 1 1 the apex, and in the more conspicuous lateral nerves
and secondary veins on the upper and lower leaf surface.
RUTACEAE
Amyris ignea Steyermark, nom. nov.
Amyris simplicifolia Karst., Fl. Colomb. 2: 109. pi. 158. 1865, not
A. simplicifolia Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 244. 1820.
The next available name, Amyris maritima Griseb. (Flora, p. 174.
1859), not Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. p. 19. 1760, is also a later
homonym.
Diomma fruticosa Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1-5 m. altus; ramulis juvenilibus breviter puberulis; folio-
rum rhachi cum petiolo 50-52 cm. longa, brunneo-tomentosa, foliolis
suboppositis vel alternis, 14-15-jugis, petiolulis et costa media sub-
tus brunneo-tomentosis 1-2.5 mir>. longis, oblongo-lanceolatis vel
anguste oblongis, basi obliquis, apice obtuse acuminatis, subcori-
aceis, glabris, punctatis, 5-9 cm. longis, 2.5-3.5 cm. latis, margine
integro, nervis lateralibus utrinque 17-19, fere angulo recto patenti-
bus, subtus prominulis; floribus non visis; paniculis fructiferis pube-
rulis 35 cm. longis; fructibus compressis, alatis, suborbiculari-
reniformibus, basi valde cordatis, apice subtruncatis vel rotundatis,
1.3-1.7 cm. longis, 1.5-2.5 cm. latis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on rocky savanna
bordering Rfo Karuai, between La Laja and Santa Teresita deKavana-
ye'n, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., November 20, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 60820, "shrub 3-15 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark
green above, pale green below; young rachis and buds deep brown."
Also collected in fruit on savanna and shrubby growth, bordering
forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base
of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., November 18, 1944, Steyermark 60327,
"shrub 6-7 feet tall."
Local name: "marua-yek."
The genus Diomma, previously represented by a single species,
D. Ulei Engler (ex Ule in Bot. Jahrb. 52 Beibl. 15: 49. 1914; Notiz.
11: 282. 1931), known from the region of Roraima, is now encountered
by this second species in the Ptari-tepuf area. This latter species
is a common shrub in the scrub forest of the mesa of Kavanaye'n. It
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 273
is a very striking component of the vegetation because of the solitary
woody stems crowned at the summit by the long-pinnate, spreading
leaves.
From D. Ulei this species differs in its 14-15 pairs of punctate
leaflets, which have shorter, more obtuse tips, and shorter petiolules,
the rachis, petiolules, and lower midrib more or less cinnamon brown-
scurfy, the differently shaped fruit which is 1-1/2 times broader than
high, suborbicular-reniform, and more emarginate rather than pointed
at the apex, and in the shrubby instead of tree habit of growth.
The large leaf-scars and long-pinnate leaves of this genus resemble
some genera, such as Ailanthus of the Simarubaceae, in which family
it is doubtfully placed by Engler, but the punctate leaves of D.
fruticosa may show a closer affinity or connection with the Rutaceae,
to which family it is here assigned.
Ravenia ruellioides Oliver, var. ptariana Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo recedit laminis et floribus majoribus et pedunculis paullo
longioribus; laminis plerumque 4.5-6 cm. longis; pedunculis ple-
rumque 2.5"3-5 cm. longis; corolla 3«2-3«3 cm. longa, lobis 0.6-0.8
cm. longis, tubo 2.6-2.7 cm. longo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on forested south-
facing slopes overlying sandstone on "Cave Rock" above "Cave
Camp," Ptari-tepui", state of Bolivar, alt. 1810 m., October 29, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 59511, "shrub 3*5 feet tall; leaves with citrus
odor, dark green above, pale green below, firmly membranaceous;
corolla deep red."
This variety differs from typical R. ruellioides Oliver in having
larger leaf-blades and longer corollas and peduncles.
A key to the known entities of Ravenia follows:
Flowering peduncles 9-12 mm. long; corolla about 25
mm. long; lower leaf surface more or less strigose R. Tatei
Flowering peduncles 15*35 mm. long; corolla usually
25-35 mm. long; lower leaf surface glabrate
Peduncles averaging 15-25 mm. long; corolla 25-31
mm. long; leaf-blades 2.5-5.5 cm. long R. ruellioides
Peduncles averaging 25-35 mm. long; corolla 32-33
mm. long; leaf-blades 4.5-6 cm. long R. ruellioides
var. ptariana
Zanthoxylum ocumarense (Pittier) Steyerm., comb. nov.
Fagara ocumarensis Pittier, Arboles y Arbustos nuevos de Vene-
zuela. Contr. para la flora de Ven. pp. 120-121. 1929.
Zanthoxylum pallidum Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 10-15 m. alta; ramulis glaberrimis inermibus, foliis glabris
subcoriaceis, petiolo communi 20-25 cm. longo, tereti-anguloso
glabro inermi, impari-pinnatis, foliolis 3- jugis, 9-12 cm. longis, 3.5-
4.5 cm. latis, elliptico-oblongis vel late oblongis, breviter et sub-
obtuse acuminatis, acumine 5*7 mm. longo, basi subacutis, mar-
274 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
gine minute atque remote crenulatis, subtus argenteo-viridibus;
petiolulis 6-8 mm. longis; floribus et fructibus non visis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on rich, steep,
northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla,"
above Tabay, state of Merida, alt. 2285-2745 m., May 18, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 56580, "tree 30-50 feet tall; bitter-orange
scented; leaves subcoriaceous, dull deep green above, silvery pale
green below with dull salmon-buff midrib."
Local name: "tuno amarillo. "
This species is distinguished at once by the pale, silvery green
lower leaf surface, which is not prominently reticulate-veined as in
Z. quinduense Tul. or Z. macrospermum Tul.
Zanthoxylum tachirense Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 6-7 m. altus; ramis teretibus, ramulis glaberrimis inermibus;
foliis coriaceis glaberrimis, supra obscure viridibus, subtus pallido-
viridibus impari-pinnatis; petiole communi 9-16 cm. longo, subtereti-
anguloso glabro inermi; foliolis 3- jugis, 5«5'9 cm. longis, 1.5-3.5 cm.
latis, elliptico-lanceolatis obtusis, basi acutis vel attenuatis, mar-
gine integerrimo; petiolulis 3-10 ram. longis; paniculis terminalibus
atque axillaribus foliis brevioribus, glabris, 8-9 cm. longis; inflores-
centiae ramulis patentibus vel adscendentibus apice multifloris;
calycis laciniis ovato-suborbicularibus subacutis, 1.5 ram. longis, 1.5
mm. latis, glabris; petalis 5, 4.5 mm. longis, 2.5 mm. latis, late
oblongis obtusis glabris; staminibus 5, petalis aequantibus; filamen-
tis 4.5 mm. longis; antheris 2 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis, elliptico-
oblongis; ovario pentagyno.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in dwarf forest on
slopes below Pa'ramo de la Negra, above La Grita, state of Tachira,
alt. 2430-2510 m., July 7, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57111, "shrub
20 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep dark green above, pale green
below; rachis brick red; peduncle green; petals greenish white."
This species is distinguished by the unarmed stems and petioles,
entire, coriaceous, long-petiolate leaflets, relatively large petals,
inflorescence submerged in the foliage, and the glabrity throughout
the plant.
SIMARUBACEAE
Picramnia caracasana Engler, forma tomentella Steyerra., f. nov.
A typo recedit foliolis adultis subtus dense tomentosis atque supra
praesertim sinibus nervorum.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in rich woods, east of
El Junquito, distrito Federal, alt. 1980-2130 ra., June 25, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 57019, "shrub 10 feet tall; leaves membrana-
ceous, dull green above, dull below; inflorescence nodding."
This is characterized by the persistent dense tomentum on the
lower surface of the mature leaflets, and also in the sinuses of the
nerves on the upper surface, whereas in typical P . caracasana only
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 275
the main nerves are tomentose, or glabrate below at maturity.
Picramnia tristamina Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 8-10-metralis; ramulis teretibus gracilibus glabris; foliis
membranaceo-chartaceis, 5-7-foliolatis; petiolo communi 9-12 cm.
longo, tereti, minute adpresso-tomentello; foliolis supra costa media
puberula vel glabra et marginibus minute ciliatis aliter glabris, late
ovato-ellipticis vel infimis late ovatis vel suborbiculari-ovatis 4.5-
13.5 cm. longis, 2-6 cm. latis, caudato- vel subcaudato-acuminatis,
acumine 8-16 mm. longo, basi paullo vel haud obliquis rotundatis,
obtusis vel subacutis, terminal! basi subacuto, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 3"4; petiolulis crassiusculis corrugatis, tomentellis vel
glabriusculis, 3-4 ram. longis; ramis florifecis longissimis pendulis
dense pilosulis; floribus paucis in glomerulos sessiles distantes
consociatis; calycis masc. 5-partiti laciniis ovatis, 1.2-1.5 mm.
longis, 0.8-1 ram. latis, obtusis, extrinsecus puberulis; petalis 3i
calyce brevioribus, 0.7 mm. longis, 0.5 mm. latis; staminibus 3,
brevissimis; filamentis 0.5 mm. longis; antheris 0.25 mm. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected a lo largo del camino
de Yavita, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 128 m., January 23,
1942, Llewelyn Williams 13918, "arbol de 8 m. de altura con corona
de forma irregular; el tronco es moderademento redondo y derecho,
15 cm. de diam., sin ramas por 2 m.; las flores son rosadas o rojozas;
la madera de color claro pesada; corteza delgada, de color subido."
Additional collections from Territorio Federal Amazonas are:
forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro
Duida, alt. 225 m., August 23, 1944, Steyermark 57943, "tree 30 feet
tall; leaves firmly membranaceous-chartaceous, dark green above,
dull green below; spikes green, pendent;" and, in woods at Foothills
Camp, Esmeralda, Cerro Duida, Tate 378 (NY).
This is closely related to P. juniniana Macbride of eastern Peru.
That species has five stamens, truly pentamerous flowers (a collec-
tion of Killip and Smith 3837 from Peru, clearly referable to P.
juniniana, reveals the pentamerous condition), and the filaments are
longer, up to 1.5 mm. long, whereas in P. tristamina the stamens
number three and the filaments are much shorter.
BURSERACEAE
Protium ptarianum Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 13 m. alta; ramulis 5 mm. diam., novellis fusco-puberulis;
foliis 4-5-jugis 15-19 cm. longis; petiolis semiteretibus supra bi-
angulosa-applanatis, basi incrassatis, 2.5-6 cm. longis, cum rhachi-
bus petiolulisque densiuscule sed minute pilosis, interjugis 2-2.5
cm. longis, petiolulis semiteretibus canaliculatis utrinque incrassatis
2.5-4 mm. longis; foliolis subcoriaceis late oblongis 3.5-6.5 cm.
longis, 2-3 cm. latis, terminalibus minoribus, apice abrupte obtuse
acuminatis, acumine ovato-oblongo obtuso 1.5-3 mm. longo, 2-3 mm.
lato, basi rotundatis, margine integro, nervis lateralibus utrinque
276 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
11-12 fere angulo recto patentibus, infra prominentibus, supra glab-
ris, infra subreticulatis et costa media dense pilosis; ramulis flori-
feris axillaribus folio multo brevioribus supra basim paniculatini
ramosis, 2.5-3.2 cm. longis, ramulis angulosis brunnescenti-pilosis,
pedicellis brevibus pilosis; bracteolis 0.7-1.2 mm. longis, ovatis
acutis pilosis; floribus 5-meris; calyce cupuliformi ca. 1 mm. longo,
lobis late triangularibus; petalis 5, oblongo-triangularibus obtusius-
culis, 3.2-3.5 mm. longis, 1.2 mm. latis, extus papilloso-puberulis,
intus glabris; staminibus 10; filamentis basi dilatatis 0.9 mm. longis;
antheris late oblongis 0.6 mm. longis, 0.4 mm. latis; disco glabro;
ovario pubescenti; stylis ovario multo longioribus.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on steep wooded
slopes just below dry ridge and shrubby growth, southeast-facing
slopes, Ptari-tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 1585-1600 m., November
10-11, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59994, "tree 40 feet tall; leaves
dark green above, dull green below; flower and rachis pale green."
This species is distinguished by its 4-5 pairs of subcoriaceous
leaflets, which are short-pointed at tip, broadly rounded at base, and
prominently reticulate on the lower surface, the spreading-pilose mid-
rib of the lower leaf surface, the densely tornentose rachis and
petiolules, and the short fulvous-tomentulose inflorescence.
It differs from P. Llewelynii Macbr. of Peru in the fewer nerves
and shorter acumen of the leaflets, and in the papillose-puberulent
outer surface of the petals. From P. Altsonii Sandwith of British
Guiana it may be distinguished by the smaller leaves and leaflets
with shorter acumen and fewer nerves, the shorter petiolules, promi-
nently pubescent midrib of the lower leaf surface, and papillose-
puberulent outer surface of the petals.
Protium ptarianum var. angustior Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo recedit foliolis angustioribus basi attenuatis et petiolulis
longioribus, 3"7.5 mm. longis; foliolis anguste -oblongis vel oblongo-
lanceolatis, 5.5-8.5 cm. longis, 2-2.7 cm. latis, apice obtuse acumi-
natis, acumine late lineaii obtuso 4-7 mm. longo, 2-3 mm. lato, basi
subobtusis vel subacutis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on southeast-facing
slopes, Ptari-tepui', state of Bolivar, alt. 1585-1600 m., November
10-11, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59987, "small tree 40 feet tall;
leaves chartaceous-subcoriaceous, dark green above, dull green
below; rachis, petiolules, and stems covered with rich brown tomen-
tum; buds pale green."
This differs from typical P. ptarianum in the narrower leaflets
which are more attenuate at the base.
Protium puberulenta Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor llm. aha; ramulis 5 mm. diam., novellis minute tomentellis;
foliis 3'7-jugis 15-23 cm. longis; petiolis semiteretibus supra ap-
planatis basi incrassatis, 2.5-4.5 cm. longis, cum rhachibus petiolu-
lisque inute tomentellis, interjugis 1.7-2.3 cm. longis, petiolulis
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 277
semiteretibus canaliculatis 6-9 mm. longis; foliolis subcoriaceis vel
coriaceis anguste oblongis vel lineari-oblongis, terminalibus ple-
rumque ellipticis, 6.5-9.5 cm. longis, 1.5-3 cm. latis, apice abrupte
caudato-acuminatis, acumine linear! obtuso 6-12 mm. longo, 1.5-2.5
mm. lato, lateralibus basi obliquis subobtusis vel subacutis, termi-
nali basi subacuto, margine integro, nervis lateralibus utrinque 11-21
fere angulo recto patentibus, infra prominentibus, supra glabris, infra
minute puberulis praesertim nervis et costa media; ramulis floriferis
axillaribus folio multo brevioribus e basi paniculatim ramosis, 1.5-3
cm. longis, ramulis dense tomentellis, pedicellis 1-1.5 mm. longis
puberulis; floribus 5- meris; calyce cupuliformi ca. 1 mm. longo,
lobis late triangularibus; petalis 5, oblongo-lanceolatis subacutis
3.5 mm. longis, 1.2-1.3 mm. latis, intus et marginibus puberulis;
staminibus pistillum excedentibus; filamentis 1 mm. longis; antheris
0.5 mm. longis; disco glabro; ovario paullo puberulo; stylo ovario
breviori.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on wooded ravine
below edge of mesa, along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kilometers northwest of
Kavanaye'n, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., November 23, 1944, Julian
A. Steyermark 60460 (2 sheets), "leaves and stems fragrant; flowers
greenish-yellow; leaves subcoriaceous, deep green above, dull
green below."
Also collected on wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between
Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rib Pacairao (tributary of Rio
Mouak), state of Bolivar, alt. 1065-1220 m., November 20-21, 1944,
Steyermark 60368, "small tree 35 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep
green and shining above, dull green below."
Local name: "chipoi-yek."
The resin from the bark of this species is used by the native
Indians to kindle fires.
This species is characterized by densely fulvous-puberulent
young branchlets, the 3-7 pairs of leaflets which are minutely pube-
rulent on the lower leaf surface, and densely puberulent on the nerves
and midrib of the lower surface, and by the dense minute puberulence
of the petiolules, rachis of the leaves and inflorescence, as well as
the inner surface of the petals.
From both P. Llewelynii and P. Altsonii, discussed previously
with reference to P. ptarianum, the new species differs in the leaf-
lets puberulent on the lower surface and the puberulous inner sur-
face of the petals.
Trattinickia glabra Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 2.5-3-5 m. altus; ramulis 4 mm. diam. glabris; foliis 2-3-
jugis glabris; petiolis semiteretibus 2-4.5 cm. longis, cum rhachibus
glabris, interjugis supra subcarinatis 5-7 mm. longis; foliolis ovatis
vel elliptico-ovatis 4-9.5 cm. longis, 2.5-3-7 cm. latis, apice subito
obtuse acuminatis, acumine anguste oblongo obtuso 5-8 mm. longo,
2.5-3 mm. lato, basi oblique rotundatis, subcoriaceis, glabris,
278 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
margine integro, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-8, utrinque graciliter
reticulatis; ramulis floriferis pseudo-terminalibus et axillaribus a
basi ramosis folio multo brevioribus 3 cm. longis, ramulis sulcatis
glabris, pedicellis brevissimis vel nullis; floribus 3-meris; calyce
cupuliformi 3'l°bo plerumque glabro 1 mm. alto, lobis suborbiculari-
bus apice rotundatis; corolla carnosa 3'lobata fere glabra, lobis
valvatis fere liberis suborbiculari-ovalibus, apice rotundatis, 2 mm.
longis, 2 mm. latis; staminibus 6; filamentis basi dilatatis 0.5 mm.
longis; antheris suborbicularibus glabris 0.4-0.5 mm. longis; disco
annular! 6-lobato glabro; ovario parce puberulo; stigmate subsessili
2-lobo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on savanna and
shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Tere-
sita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepm", state of Bolivar, alt. 1220
m., November 18, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60312, "shrub 8-12 feet
tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above, dull green below;
perianth deep brick; calyx dull green."
In the finely reticulate glabrous leaflets this species resembles
Bursera amplifolia of Bolivia. It is most closely related to T. sub-
choripetala Swart of the Duida region in having nearly separate
corolla lobes, but is distinguished from that species by the smaller
flowers, nearly glabrous corolla and calyx (only sparsely puberulous
with scattered hairs, not papillate as in T. subchoripetala), shorter
suborbicular instead of elliptic anthers, and more prominently reticu-
late leaflets which are broader and more rounded at base.
MELIACEAE
Trichilia ptariana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor 7-13-metralis; ramulis novellis puberulentibus vel
glabriusculis; foliis petiolatis 5-9-jugis, 11-19 cm. longis; petiolis
semiteretibus 3-5-6.5 cm. longis cum rhachibus magis vel minus
densiuscule puberulis, interjugis canaliculatis vel angulatis 1-2 cm.
longis; foliolis anguste lanceolato-ellipticis vel anguste ellipticis
3-8 cm. longis, 0.8-2.3 cm. latis, apice abrupte caudato- vel obtuse
longe acuminatis, acumine lineari obtuse 6-12 mm. longo 1.5-3 mm.
lato, basi acutis vel cuneatis obliquis, chartaceis vel chartaceo-
subcoriaceis, supra nitidis costa media glabriuscula vel minute
puberula aliter glabris, subtus costa media puberula ceterum glab-
riusculis vel pilis distantibus minute puberulis, margine integro,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 15-20; calyce profunde 5-dentato 1.25-1.5
mm. longo, lobis late triangularibus acutis extus hirtellis; corolla
non visa; ramis fructiferis terminalibus vel axillaribus 10-15 cm.
longis, ramulis magis vel minus dense puberulis; capsulis sub-
orbicularibus vel ovoideis subito apiculatis nitidis rubris atque
viridibus suffusis 4-7 mm. stipitatis monospermis; valvis 9-11 mm.
longis, 8-9 mm. latis, extus glabris carnosis; seminibus obovoideis
apice rotundatis 8-9 mm. longis, 6 mm. latis, arillo carnoso indutis;
cotyledonibus carnosis 6-7 mm. longis, 4.5-5 mm. latis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on steep wooded
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 279
slopes just below dry ridge and shrubby growth, southeast-facing
slopes, Ptari-tepui", state of Boli'var, alt. 1585-1600 m., November
10-11, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59979, "tree 40 feet tall; leaves
chartaceous-subcoriaceous, deep green above, dull green below;
fruit shining, dull red suffused with dull yellow green."
Other collections, all from Venezuela, are state of Bolivar: rich
woods bordering quebradas at base of southeast-facing slopes,
Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1585-1600 m., November 10-11, 1944, Steyermark
60034, "small tree 35 feet tall; leaves chartaceous, dark green
above, dull green below;" woods, upper slopes of Carrao-tepui, alt.
2130-2430 m., December 7, 1944, Steyermark 60877, "tree 25-30 feet
tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above, pale green below;
rachis dull green on old stems." Territorio Federal Amazonas:
moist woods at base of vertical bluff at edge of woods, Cerro Duida,
southeastern-facing sandstone slopes near Cano Negro (tributary of
Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., August 26, 1944, Steyermark 58024,
"shrub 20 feet tall or epiphytic vine on 58023; leaves firmly mem-
branaceous-chartaceous, dark green and shining above, dull green
below; fruit pendent, shining, dull green, suffused with dull red."
Local names on Ptari-tepuK "warin-yek" and "ye-lu-wak-yek. "
The wood is very hard.
This species is characterized by the dull red exocarp of the glab-
rous fruit, by the finely tomentulose rachis of the leaves, petiolules,
and inflorescence, and by the obtusely long-caudate, glabrate leaflets.
Trichilia subsimplex Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 15-metralis; ramulis striato-rugulosis glabris; foliia petio-
latis simplicibus vel 1-jugis; foliolis subcoriaceo-chartaceis oblongo-
ellipticis, apice obtuse acuminatis, acumine 6-8 mm. longo 5-8 mm.
lato, basi acuminatis vel cuneatis, terminalibus 20-25 cm. longis
10-12.5 cm. latis, in petiolum decurrentibus vel subsessilibus, in-
ferioribus minoribus ovato-ellipticis 8 cm. longis 4.5 cm. latis, sub-
tilissime pellucido-punctulatis, supra glabris subtus plerumque
glabris vel ad nervos parce puberulis, nervis lateralibus utroque
11-12 subtus prominulis patulo-adscendentibus; rhachidi supra cana-
liculata biangulata 2.5-6 cm. longa supra praecipue hirtella; folioli
terminalis petiolulo 0.5-1.8 cm. longo; paniculis fructiferis a basi
2-3-fidis 1.5-3 cm. longis; calyce profunde 4-dentato, laciniis ovatis
acutis extus puberulis; capsulis monospermis ovato-triquetris vel
elliptico-ovoideis extus dense flavido-tomentosis, 11-13 mm. longis
subsessilibus; seminibus ovoideis 9~H mm. longis 6-7 mm. latis,
basi arillo membranaceo vestitis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in forest at base of
southeastern slopes, Cerro Duida, along Cano Negro (tributary of
Cano Iguapo), Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 260 m., August 28-
29, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 58061, "tree 45 feet tall; leaves
subcoriaceous-chartaceous, dark green above, dull green below;
fruit olive green, elliptic-ovoid."
This species is related to T. macrophylla Benth. and T. flava C.
280 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
DC., from which it differs in its subsimple or bifoliate to trifoliate
leaves, which have a short rounded to obtuse acuminate tip instead
of one which is acute or cuspidate. In T. subsimplex the lateral
pairs of nerves average 11-12 on each side, whereas in the other two
species mentioned they range from 12-14 pairs. The capsules and
seeds in T. subsimplex are larger, and the leaf scars subtending the
base of the fruiting inflorescences are conspicuous and fuscous-
tomentose.
MALPIGHIACEAE
Banisteria alternifolia Steyermark, sp. nov.
Liana, partibus novellis glabratis, ramis teretibus, internodiis
2.5-5 cm. longis; foliis alternis coriaceis ovatis basi obtusis, apice
obtusis vel acuminatis, 5-7.5 cm. longis, 2.5-3.5 cm. latis, utrinque
glaberrimis et prominente reticulatis, supra atroviridibus atque
lucidis, subtus basi 2-glanduliferis; petiolis glabris 7-12 mm. longis;
stipulis basi petioli affixis lanceolatis acutis 2.25-2.75 mm. longis;
strigilloso-pubescentibus; paniculis axillaribus valde elongatis
racemiformibus, paniculorum rhachidi adpresso-pubescente; paniculis
floriferis 1.5-2.2 dm. longis, pedunculis 5.5-10 cm. longis; axibus
racemosis 4-13-floris, 2.5-5.5 cm. longis; pedicellis 2.5-5 mm. longis
sericeis; bracteis lanceolatis acutis 4-5 nun. longis, adpresso-
pubescentibus; bracteolis late ovatis acutis vel acutiusculis 1 mm.
longis; floribus immaturis visis; sepalis suborbicularibus, apice
rotundatis, glandulas orbiculares 6-7, 1.8 mm. longas 2-2.3 mm.
latas superantibus; petalis luteis fimbriatis, quinto glanduloso-
ciliato, limbo (immature) suborbiculari-galeiformi 4-4.5 mm. longo
4-4.5 mm. lato; androeceo zygomorphico; staminibus 10 omnibus
fertilibus; antheris suborbicularibus glabris; stylis rectis glabris,
apice simpliciter truncatis, vertice ipso orbiculari-capitellato vel
subrhomboideo gynixiferis; ovario glabro; samaris non visis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected at base of lime-
stone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and border-
ing valley of Caripe, state of Monagas, alt. 1100-1200 m., April 7,
1945, Julian A. Steyermark 61914, "liana on top of tree; leaves
alternate, coriaceous, dark green and shining above, pale green
below; rachis pale green; calyx rich green; petals yellow."
This unusual species with .alternate leaves is the first one of this
family from the New World to come to the attention of this author. A
few genera with alternate leaves are known from the Old World. In
addition to the unusual leaf-arrangement, this species possesses
small coriaceous leaves which are conspicuously reticulate-nerved
on both surfaces, and greatly elongated inflorescences. The straight
styles stigmatose at the truncate-capitellate apex, fimbriate petals,
10 fertile stamens of the zygomorphic androecium, discrete glands of
the sepals, and the evidence of a dorsal wing with thickened upper
and thinner lower margin on the young ovary, associate this species
most logically with the genus Banisteria.
Blepharandra cretacea (Gleason) Steyermark, comb. nov.
Byrsonima cretacea Gleason, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 378. 1931.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 281
In assigning this plant to Byrsonima, Gleason was naturally led by
the appearance of the flowering material (Tate 533), collected on the
summit of Mount Duida, with its simple racemes and elongated un-
branched pedicels. By good fortune, the present author made topo-
typic collections of what proved to be the same species as originally
collected by Tate; two collections were assembled from the summit
of Duida, one in the valley forest (Steyermark 58726), the other on
the drier ridges (Steyermark 58191). Tate mentions (Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club 58: 379. 1931) in a footnote that this Brysonima cretacea is "a
common straggly small tree with long weak ascending branches. It
is widely distributed in the slope forest and bush, being equally
common at Provisional Camp and among the Tyleria woods at Central
Camp," but examination of Steyermark 58191, at first glimpse almost
like Steyermark 58126, shows that it differs frorr. 58126 in having a
branched paniculate tyoe of inflorescence with different pubescence.
Fortunately, fruiting material of this 58191 is at hand. It displays a
dryish type of fruit, splitting up into three nutlets, a character be-
longing to Blepharandra and tribe Galphimieae, rather than a fleshy
drupe as in Byrsonima of tribe Malpighieae. There is no question
but that Steyermark 58191 and 58126 are congeneric. Differences
between 58191 and 58126 are considered below as varietal in cate-
gory. It may be that with additional material and further field obser-
vations the two types, one with apparently simple racemose ferrugi-
nous or reddish-brown inflorescences with close dense tomentum,
and the other with branched paniculate paler brown inflorescences
with looser and longer pubescence, may eventually have to be
considered as distinct species. For the present, however, in view of
the very close resemblance of the two types and their association
together on the summit of the same mountain, they are retained as
varieties of one another.
Therefore, on the basis of the fruiting material (Steyermark 58191)
discussed above, it is obvious that Gleason's Byrsonima cretacea is
actually a Blepharandra, and should so be considered.
Blepharandra cretacea, var. composita Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo differt praesertim racemis compositis, inflorescentiae pilis
pallidioribus laxioribusque; foliis junioribus utrinque brunneo-villosis,
pilis 2-3 irrr. longis; inflorescentia composita, ramusculis 1.3-1.7
cm. longis, racernosis, pedicellis floriferis 6-10 mm. longis, pedi-
cellis fructiferis ad 12 mm. longis; pedicellis ramusculis et peduncu-
lis ramusculis et pedunculis dense brunneo-villoso-lanulosis, pilis
patentibus 1-2 mm. longis; petalis pallido-roseis vel albidis, laminis
late ovatis vel suborbicularibus erosis 6.5 mm. longis, 5.5 mm. latis,
unguibus 2. 5*3 mm. longis; filamentis glabris, 3.2-3.5 mm. longis,
infra medium 0.5-0.6 mm. latis; connective verruculoso, anthera
longiori, 1.4 mm. longo; thecis 1.2 mm. longis apice introrse 5-7-
barbatis, ceterum glabris; ovario glabro; stylis subulatis 4.5-5 mm.
longis; drupa ovoidea 3 mm. diametro, 3-spermo; seminibus 2.5 mm.
longis, 2 mm. latis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in drier parts of
282 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ridge, Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, Territorio Federal
Amazonas, alt. 1700-1980 m., September 1, 1944, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 58191, "shrub 4- 5 feet tall; pubescence of peduncles and
pedicels looser and paler brown; petals pink to white."
Although at first glance this plant appears to be practically the
same as Blepharandra cretacea (Byrsonima cretacea Gleason) from
the summit of Duida, especially as regards the distinctive ovate-
oblong deeply cordate leaves covered on the lower surface with a
continuous chalky coating, closer examination, not only in the field,
but in the herbarium, reveals several differences. The most note-
worthy of these differences is the structure of the inflorescence,
which is not simply racemose as in Blepharandra cretacea and most
of the genus Byrsonima, but is paniculate throughout, each branch of
the inflorescence being racemose. The color and abundance of the
pubescence is different as well; in Blepharandra cretacea the pe-
duncles and pedicels have a close, dense, ferruginous tomentum,
whereas in m. cretacea var. composite the hairs on the peduncles and
pedicels are paler brown and longer, imparting a more spreading or
loose type of pubescence. Furthermore, the connective exceeds the
tip of the anther cells by 0.5 mm. in length, while in B. cretacea the
connective only slightly exceeds the tip of the anther cells, they
being approximately the same length. In B. cretacea the anther cells
are 1.4 mm. long with 6-8 or more stiff introrse hairs 0.6-0.8 mm. long
at tip, whereas in B. cretacea var. compos ita the anther cells are
smaller, 1.2 mm. long and usually have only 5~7 introrse hairs only
0.5 mm. long. The filaments in B. cretacea var. composita are
slightly smaller than in B. cretacea.
It is to be noted that the new entity was collected on "drier parts
of the ridge," whereas typical B. cretacea, represented by Steyer-
mark 58126 was collected in a wetter or more humid environment, i.e.,
in the "valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia mills" at
a somewhat lower elevation on the summit. Whether or not such
variations of ecological conditions are associated with or responsi-
ble for the morphological differences cannot be stated at the present
time. It is possible that in view of the number of differences stated
above, the new plant might better be considered a distinct species.
However, since foliar and floral morphology are apparently similar,
the differences encountered are at present viewed as varietal, differ-
ing in degree and quantity (proliferation of floral axes, longer and
paler hairs) rather than in quality.
The statement was made in the original description of Byrsonima
cretacea Gleason that the leaves of Tate 533 are 'peppered with
brown' beneath and that "this appearance proves to be caused by the
copious growth of an alga." In the Steyermark 58191 collection a
blackish or dark epiphyllous growth on the leaves was noted and
submitted to Dr. Francis Drouet for examination; he has pronounced
it to be a mycelium belonging to a fungus.
Blepharandra ptariana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.6-3.1 m. altus; ramis glabratis, internodiis 2.5-4 cm.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 283
longis; petiolis 4-7 ram. longis, crassis, supra canaliculatis, ad-
presso-pubescentibus demum glabratis; laminis chartaceo-coriaceis
ovato-oblongis vel late oblongis, apice rotundatis basi cordatis vel
subcordatis, 4.5*8.5 cm. longis, 2.5-6 cm. latis, supra glabris, subtus
cretaceo-pruinosis vel junioribus ferrugineo-tomentosis, subtus nervo
medio prominent!, nervis primariis utrinque 16-20 vix prominulis,
tenuiter dense areolatis; paniculis triplo compositis multifloris 9.5-
13 cm. longis, 2-3.5 cm. latis, pedunculo communo 4-5 cm. longo,
axibus primariis adscendentibus 5-9 mm. longis, pedicellis 4-6 mm.
longis; inflorescentiae rhachidi, pedunculo, axibus pedicellisque
densissime fulvo- vel subferrugineo-villosis; floribus 1.3-1.5 cm.
diametro; sepalis extus villosis, intus glabris, apice revolutis, 4.5
mm. longis, glardulis usque 10 ovalibus 1-1.5 mm. longis; petalis
albidis vel flavescentibus glaberrimis, laminis suborbicularibus
paullo eroso-denticulatis rotundatis, 4-5 mm. longis, 3-5"5 mm. latis,
unguibus 1.5-2 mm. longis; staminibus subaequalibus, filamentis
1.5-3 mm. longis, pilis longis erecto-patentibus 1.5-2.5 mm. longis a
basi ad apicem ciliatis; antheris oblongis 1.5-1.7 mm. longis intror-
sis, pilis multis suberectis vel adscendentibus subrigidis rufescenti-
bus 0.6-0.8 mm. longis a basi ad apicem cinctis et barbatis ceterum
glabris; ovario 1.8 mm. longo glabro; fructibus 2.5 mm. longis, 2.5
mm. latis glabris.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. \fus., collected in savanna and
shrubby growth bordering forest of Rib Karuai, between Santa Tere-
sita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepuf, state of Boli'var, alt.
1220 m., November 18, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60310, "shrub
5-10 feet tall; leaves coriaceous-chartaceous, deep green above,
gray-silvery below; petals white; glands and calyx dull green; rachis
and pedicels dull brown."
Also collected in scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau
on southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m., November 1,
1944, Steyermark 59623, "common shrub 5-10 feet tall; leaves sub-
erect, chartaceous-coriaceous, deep green above, blue-silvery below
on mature leaves, fulvous-subferruginous below over a silvery sur-
face on young leaves; rachis and pedicels fulvous-brown; petals
creamy to dull white."
The new species differs from B. hypoleuca (Benth.) Griseb. in its
smaller leaves, more closely crowded inflorescence with shorter
pedicels and primary branches having denser and longer pubescence,
somewhat smaller petals, shorter anther cells with shorter hairs.
The fruit is similar to that of B. cretacea var. composite of the
summit of Duida. In fact, that variety with paniculate inflorescence
is definitely intermediate between the simple inflorescence of B.
cretacea and the compound type encountered in B. hyp, leuca and
H. ptariana.
Burdachia Duckei Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor parva, ramulis glabris, internodiis 1.5-2.5 cm. longis; foliis
coriaceis late oblongis, elliptico-oblongis, vel ovato-oblongis, 5.5-
9.5 cm. longis, 2.5-4.5 cm. latis, apice obtusis vel rotundatis, basi
284
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
obtusis vel acutiusculis, supra nervo medio plerumque manifeste
puberulo vel glabrata ceterum glabris, subtus adpresso-pilosulis vel
glabratis ad basim costae 2 glandulis nigris instructis, dense minute
reticulatis, marginibus subrevolutis, utrinque nerviis lateralibus 7-10
subtus paullo prominulis; petiolis rufo-puberulis vel glabratis, supra
canaliculatis, 8-10 mm. longis; stipulis ovatis 4 mm. longis acutius-
culis sericeis; racemis 3 apice ramulorum confertis dense rufo-
tomentosis 4-6 cm. longis; pedunculis 1.5-2 cm. longis, dense
rufo-tomentosis, pedunculis primariis 1-2 mm. longis; pedicellis
parce adpresso-pilosulis 6-8 mm. longis patentibus; bracteis bracteo-
lisque confertis imbricato-amplexicaulibus suborbicularibus vel
ovatis obtusis vel acut.is, 1-2 mm. longis, parce adpresso-pilosulis
vel glabratis, glandulis orbicularibus 0.8-1.1 mm. diam.; sepalis late
suborbicularibus apice rotundatis glabris, glandulas 10 obovoideas
1.2-1.3 mm. longas 2.5 irm. latas superantibus; petalorum 4 lateralium
limbo orbiculari-galeiformo apice rotundato 5 mm. longo 4.5 mm. lato,
marginibus subintegris, ungue 3 mm. longo; quinti suborbiculari
apice rotundato 3-3.3 mm. lato, crassissimo-glanduloso, marginibus
5-6 glandulis substipitatis basalibus conspicuis ceterum glandulis
minutis, ungue crasso 2.8 mm. longo, 1 mm. lato; filamentis 1.5-1.7
mm. longis, 0.6-0.7 mm. latis glabris; antheris 2-2.2 mm. longis,
connectivi appendicula raalleiformi 2-2.2 mm. longa, loculos 0.8-1
mm. superante et angulo subrecto versus dorsum geniculata; ovario
pyramidato dense rufo-hirtello, stylis apice paullo incurvis (Fig. 48).
FIGURE 48
Burdachia Duckei Steyermark. Stamen (X 26).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in Brazil at Manaos,
Igarape da Cachoeira Grande, igapo', July 14, 1937, A. Ducke 522,
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 285
"arbor parva; flor. roseis; staminibus flavis."
This species may be distinguished by the leaves finely reticulate
on both surfaces, the lower leaf surface usually finely appressed-
pilosuloui , short densely rufous-tomentose racemes, densely rufous-
tomentose ovary, the upper portion of the connective turned outward
subhorizontally (malleiform) and exceeding the anther cells.
Burdachia Williamsii Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 8-10-metralis, ramulis glabris, internodiis 1.5-3 cm. longis;
foliis coriaceis, anguste vel late oblongis, elliptico-oblongis, vel
ovali-oblongis, 5.5-14 cm. longis, 2.2-5.5 cm. latis, apice obtusis
vel rotundatis, basi obtusis vel subacutis, supra nervo medio parce
puberulo vel glabrato ceterum glabris, subtus parce adpresso-pilosu-
lis vel glabris, ad basim costae 2 glandulis instructis, dense minute
reticulatis, marginibus subrevolutis, utrinque nervis lateralibus 7-10
subtus paullo prominulis; petiolis paullo subsericeis vel glabratis,
supra canaliculatis 6-17 mm. longis; stipulis ovatis 4-5 mm. longis
acutiusculis sericeis, marginibus hirtellis; racemis 3 apice ramulo-
rum confertis parce sericeis vel subglabratis 5*15 cm. longis;
pedunculis 1.5-4.5 cm. longis rufo-sericeis; pedicellis subglabratis
8-13 rnm. longis patentibus; bracteis bracteolisque confertis imbri-
cato-amplexicaulibus suborbicularibus vel ovatis obtusis vel acutis,
1-2 mm. longis, subglabratis, glandulis orbicularibus 0.8-1.1 mm.
diam.; sepalis late suborbicularibus, apice rotundatis glabris,
glandulas 10 obovoideas 1.5 mm. longas 2.5 mm. latas superantibus;
petalorum 4 lateralium (immaturorum) limbo orbiculari-galeiformi
apice rotundato 4 mm. longo, 4.5 mm. lato, marginibus subintegris,
ungue 1.5 mm. longo; quinti ovato-suborbiculari apice rotundato 3
mm. longo, 2.6-2.8 mm. lato, crassissimo-glanduloso, marginibus 6-7
glandulis substipitatis basalibus conspicuis ceterum glandulis
rainutis, ungue crasso; filamentis (immaturis) glabris; antheris
(immaturis) 2.6 mm. longis, connectivi appendicula haud vel non
malleiformi 2.5 mm. longa, loculis 0.8-1 mm. superante recta; ovario
prismatico-anguloso glabro; stylis apice fere rectis paullo incurvis;
nuce (immature) late conico (Fig. 49).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected at Maroa, Rib
Guainia, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 127 m., 1942, Llewelyn
Williams 14321.
Also collected at same locality, en la margen arboreada y periodi-
camento inundata del Rio Guainia, alt. 127 m., February 21, 1942,
"arbol de 8 a 10 m. de alt. torcido con ramas colgantes sobre el rib;
infl. terminal, colgante, de flores amarillas a rosadas ; el tronco
bifurcado o trifurcado en la base; la corteza morenisca, delgada y el
liber rosado Colorado; la albura amarillo palido y el duramen
rosadisco."
This species is much like B. Duckei Steyermark, described above,
but the ovary is completely glabrous instead of densely hirtellous,
the upper portion of the connective is erect or nearly so, and not
turned outward subhorizontally (malleiform) as in B. Duckei. The
286
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
FIGURE 49
Burdachia Williams ii
A, Habit of flowering branch (X 2/3), B, Stamen (X 16).
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 287
racemes in B. Williams ii are more elongated, more sparsely sericeous
to glabrate, and the pedicels are longer. The leaves in the two
species are nearly alike.
Byrsonima bolivarana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 11-metralis, ramulis annotinis rufo-subsericeis, ceterum
glabris, internodiis 0.7-1.5 cm. longis; foliis coriaceo-chartaceis
obovatis vel late ellipticis 4.5-12 cm. longis 2.5-7 cm. latis, apice
rotundatis vel subito obtuse subacuminatis vel obtuse acuminatis,
basi angustatis subcuneatis subdecurrentibus; petiolis 1-1.5 cm.
longis rufo-sericeis vel glabratis, marginibus revolutis, nervo medio
prominenti et nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-7 arcuato-adscendentibus
curvatis subtus valde prominentibus, supra impressis vel sulcatis,
novellis utrinque rufo-tomentosis demum supra glabratis subtus
pallido- vel rufo-strigillosis; stipulis connatis ovatis acutis 5 mm.
longis rufo-sericeis vel glabratis; racemis rufo-tomentosis 9-1 1 cm.
longis; pedunculo 2.5-3 cm. longo; pedicellis solitariis usque ad 7
mm. longis rufo-tomentosis; bracteis et bracteolis patentibus caducis
linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis obtusis vel subacutis 5'7 mm.
longis 1-1.1 mm. latis dense rufo-tomentosis; sepalis late triangulari-
ovatis obtusis extus dense rufo-tomentosis, intus prope margines
rufo-tomentosis ceterum glabris, glandulas 10 rosaceas obovoideo-
oblongas 2 mm. longas 2.8 mm. latas superantibus; petalis (immatu-
ris) reniformi-cochleariformibus unguiculatis, marginibus subintegris,
limbo 3.5*5 mm. longo, 4.5-5 mm. lato, ungue 1.8 mm. longo; antherae
loculis (immaturis) anguste oblongis glabris 0.5-0.9 mm. longis,
connectivi appendiculata late oblonga 1.5 mm. longa loculos duplo
superante; ovario glaberrimo; drupa globosa flavido-viridi 1-1.2 cm.
diam. (sicca 8 mm. diam.).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in scrubby woods,
vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and
Sororopan-tepuf, state of Bolfvar, alt. 1615 m., November 15-17,
1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60272, "tree 35 feet tall; leaves coriace-
ous-chartaceous, deep green above, dull green-gray below; fruit
globose, shining, yellow green, 1-1.2 cm. in diameter; glands pink;
rest of corolla ferruginous-brown; fruit edible."
Local name: "can-wai-ya-yek."
This species greatly resembles B. chalcophylla Niedenzu of Mount
Roraima, but is distinguished by the glabrous ovary and rounded
appendages and tips of the anther-cells, B. chalcophylla having a
densely sericeous-pubescent ovary and uncinate-recurved appendages
and apiculate anther-cells. It is distinguished from B. carraoana,
described below, by the glabrous ovary, larger leaves, and anthers.
Byrsonima carraoana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 3-2 m. altus, ramulis 2.5-5 mm. diam. glabratis, partibus
novellis rufo-tomentosis, internodiis 3-12 mm. longis; foliis sub-
coriaceis obovatis vel elliptico-obovatis 4.5-7 cm. longis 1.5-4 cm.
latis, apice subito obtuse subacuminatis, basi acutis decurrentibus;
petiolis crassis 5-7 mm. longis rufo-strigillosis vel glabratis, mar-
288 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ginibus subrevolutis, nervo medio prominent! et nervis lateralibus
utrinque 6-7 arcuato-adscendentibus curvatis subtus prominentibus
supra subplanis, novellis utrinque rufo-sericeis permox supra glab-
ratis vel parce pallido-strigillosis, subtus plerumque inconspicue
pilis brevibus adpressis pallidis strigillosis vel subglabratis;
stipulis distinctis ovatis acutis 2-2.5 mm. longis; racemis rufo-
toraentosis 4.5-5.5 cm. longis 2 mm. latis angulosis; pedunculo
2-2.5 cm. longo; pedicellis solitariis erecto-adscendentibus rectis
rufo-tomentosis 7-9 mm. longis; bracteis bracteolisque adscendenti-
bus lineari-lanceolatis vel spatulato-lanceolatis subacutis 3-3.5 mm.
longis 1 mm. latis rufo-tomentosis; sepalis triangulari-ovatis obtusis,
extus dense sericeo-pubescentibus vel hirtellis, intus per margines
sericeo-pubescentibus vel hirtellis, ceterum glabris, glandulas 10
rosaceas obovoideo-oblongas (1.5*2 mm. longas) 2-3.5 mm. longas
2-3 mm. latas superantibus; petalis pallido-rosaceis, marginibus
albidis, reniformi-cochleariformibus unguiculatis, limbo 2.8-3 mm.
longo 3.5*4.5 mm. lato, ungue crassiusculo 2 mm. longo 0.6-0.7 mm.
lato; antherae loculis lineari-oblongis glabris 0.9-1 mm. longis,
connectivi appendicula late oblonga verruculosa 1.3-1.6 mm. longa
0.6-0.7 mm. lato, loculos sesqui vel duplo superante, latitudinem
antherae aequanti; filamentis albidis 2-2.5 mm. longis 1 mm. latis,
latitudinem antherae aequantibus basi pilosis; ovario conico-ovoideo,
inferne sericeo 1.7 mm. longo; drupa flavo-viridi lucida ovoideo-
globosa 8-10 mm. longa 9-10 mm. diara.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on summit of Carrao-
tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 2470-2500 m., December 7, 1944, Julian
A. Steyermark 60883, "shrub 10 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous,
deep green above, dull paler green below with brown hairs or tomen-
tum on young leaves; rufous tomentum on young stems and ascending-
erect pedicels; glands rose; petals salmon-pink with white margins;
filaments white; anthers greenish-yellow; fruit yellow-green, shining,
ovoid-globose. ' '
This species is apparently a member of the Subgenus Macrozeugma
Niedenzu, but the combination of sericeous-pubescent ovary, glab-
rous anther-cells, and broadly oblong connective two to two and one-
half times as long as the anther-cells keeps it from being placed
conveniently in any of Niedenzu's subcategories. It is further dis-
tinguished by the small leaves which are pale strigillose and con-
spicuously nerved on the lower surface at maturity, the rufous-
tomentose peduncles and rachis, as well as the elongate, erect-
ascending, rufous-tomentose pedicels.
Byrsonima Luetzelburgii Steyermark, nom. nov.
Byrsonima cretacea Niedenzu, Repert. Sp. Nov. 33: 71. 1933, not
Byrsonima cretacea Gleason, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 378. 1931.
Glandonia Williams!! Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor 2-7-metralis, ramulis glabris, internodiis 2.5-5
cm. longis; foliis coriaceis oblongo-ellipticis vel oblongo-lanceola-
tis, 9-18 cm. longis, 3.5-6.5 cm. latis, apice obtusis vel acutis, basi
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 289
plerumque obtusis vel paullo subacutis, utrinque glabris dense
reticulatis, marginibus subrevolutis, nervis lateralibus utrinque 9-15
non prominulis; petiolis crassis glaberrimis 1-1.8 cm. longis; stipulis
lanceolato-linearibus rigidis striatis 13-16 mm. longis glabratis
caducis; racemis terminalibus multifloris compositis 8-10 cm. longis
rufo-tomentosis; pedunculo 2 cm. longo; pedunculis fructigeris pri-
mariis 4 mm. longis sericeo-pubescentibus, secundariis tertiariisque
0.3-1 mm. longis; pedicellis 6-7 mm. longis rufo-tomentosis; bracteis
bracteolisque coriaceis persistentibus; bracteis gyriferis ovatis 3-4
mm. longis subobtusis, extus sericeis; bracteolis subovatis vel
suborbiculari-ovatis 2 mm. longis, extus sericeis; gemmis subconicis
3-5 mm. longis (immaturis); sepalis suborbicularibus apice rotunda-
tis, extus sericeis intus glabris, glandulas 10 obovoideas dense
confertas 2 mm. longas 2 mm. latas superantibus; petalis "luteis vel
pallido luteis" (fide Williams) glaberrimis, petalorum 4 lateralium
limbo (immature) suborbiculari-galeiforrai 2.5-3 mm. longo 2.5-3 mm.
lato, marginibus integerrimis, ungue 1.5 mm. longo; quinti ovato-
oblongo (immature) apice rotundato 2.5'3 mm. longo 2 mm. lato, ungue
1 mm. longo, marginibus inferioribus undulatis; filamentis brevibus
(immaturis) 0.3-0.5 mm. longis rufo-pubescentibus pilis usque ad 1.5
mm. longis; antheris lineari-subulatis 3. 5*4 mm. longis, loculis
glaberrimis linearibus apice in aristas breves conicas connectivum
superantes usque 0.2 mm. longas; ovario glaberrimo, stylis gracilibus
4 mm. longis glabris apice uncinatim reflexis; nuce abortu mono-
sperma crasso-cylindracea vel prismato-oblonga, 22 mm. longa 9 mm.
diam. apice angustata conica, longitrorsum sulcata; pericarpio lig-
noso, pariete 1 mm. crasso (Fig. 50).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected en las sabanetas
periodicamente anegadas, Yavita, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt.
128 m., February 2, 1942, Llewelyn Williams 14154, "arbol pequeno
de 2-3 m. de flores amarillas; cascara aspera; madera pesada, dura
con albura rosado claro y duramen poco mas oscuro."
Additional collections, likewise from Territorio Federal Amazonas,
are: en las sabanetas que se aniegan periodicamente en la boca del
Cano Ichana, Bajo Cano San Miguel, Rio Guainfa, alt. 125 m., March
25, 1942, Williams 14884, "arbol de 8 m. con corona de forma irregu-
lar de ramas torcidas, ramificando desde la base; el tronco 15 cm. de
dia'm., a veces sin ramas por la mitad de la altura; el fruto verde
obscuro, terminal; la corteza de color pardo, algo excamosa, a'spera,
delgada, el liber rojizo; la albura de color claro, y el corazon grueso
de color pardo, susceptible a los ataques de insectos;" and, en las
sabanetas periodicamente anegadas cerca de la margen del Cano
Temi, Yavita, alt. 128 m.; March 2, 1942, Williams 14168, "arbusto
de 2 m.; fls. amarillo pa'lido, en espigas; corteza aspera, marro'n-
grisaceo, el liber mas claro; albura rosadizco y el duramen mas
oscuro."
Local name: "mecla."
This is the second species of this genus to be described, the
other, G. macrocarpa (Benth.) Griseb. , occurring in Brazil along the
290
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
B
D
FIGURE 50
Glandonia Williamsii
A, Ovary and styles (X 8); B, Lateral view of stamen (X 14); C,
Ventral view of stamen (X 14); D, Sepal with glands (X 1.6); E,
Ordinary petal (X 6); F, Fifth petal (X 14).
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
291
B
D
FIGURE 51
Heteropterys quetepensis
A, Petal (X 8); B, Anther (X 34); C, Ovary with styles (X 16);
D, Stigmatose inner angle of two styles (highly magnified); E,
Samara (X 23).
292 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Upper Amazon. This new species differs in several important re-
spects. The tips of the anther-cells are only shortly produced as
conical-subulate appendages 0.2 mm. long, instead of 1.5 mm. long
as in G. macrocarpa, the flowering and fruiting racemes are much
shorter, more densely rufous-tomentose, the fruit is shorter and
narrower, the fifth petal only undulate on the lower margins instead
of glandular, and the leaves are more coriaceous, of a different
shape, and more finely and densely reticulate on both sides.
Heteropterys quetepensis Steyerrr.ark, sp. nov.
Frutex 2.8-3.3-metralis, ramulis novellis pube densissima pallido-
brunnea vel cinerea tomentosis, ramis teretibus glabratis, internodiis
1.5-9 cm. longis; foliis subcoriaceis vel chartaceo-subcoriaceis,
subtus pallidioribus, late oblongis vel ovali-oblongis, apice rotunda-
tis subretusis basi obtusis vel subcordatis, 6-15 cm. longis, 4-9 cm.
latis, eglandulosis, nervis primariis utrinque 7-9, nervis praecipue
subtus prominulis reticulatis, adultis supra per costam mediam
minute adpresso-pilosis ceterum glabratis vel parce adpresso-pilosis,
subtus dense pallido-strigillosis vel tomentosis; petiolis dense
tomentosis incrassatis 3"10 mm. longis eglandulosis; stipulis incon-
spicuis; racemis brevibus 6-12-floris in paniculas rufo-velutinas
bracteiferas terminales 2-4.5 cm. longas dispositis; pedunculis
floriferis 2-9 mm. longis; pedicellis 2.5-4 mm. longis; bracteis ovatis
vel elliptico-oblongis 3 mm. longis acutiusculis; bracteolis ovatis
vel elliptico-oblongis 2 mm. longis obtusis vel obtusiusculis rufo-
tomentosis; sepalis late triangulari-oblongis vel ovato-oblongis,
apice revolutis et obtusis vel rotundatis, glandulas 8 oblongas dis-
cretas 2.5 mir. longas 1.5-1.8 mm. latas superantibus; petalis luteis,
limbo obovoideo vel suborbiculari basi cuneato paulo crenulato 4.5
mm. longo 3.5~3.75 mm. lato, ungue 2.5-2.8 mm. longo; staminibus 10,
antheris suborbicularibus 1.3 mm. longis 1 mm. latis glaberrimis, con-
nective apice glaberrimo; filamentis 2.5-3-5 mm. longis glabris; gyno-
eceo sygomorphico, stylis subaequalibus 2.8-3 mm. longis, angulo
verticis interno gynixiferis, dorso apicis rotundatis vel brevissime
uncinatis; samaris dense velutinis rufis vel aurantiaco-brunneis, alis
e nuce subhorizontalibus arcuatim vel geniculatim adscendentibus
2.5-3 cm. longis; nuce 6-8 mm. longa; alis supra basim constrictis
inde oblique obovoideis, apice rotundatis basi in appendiculam rotun-
dam humilem 1.5-2 mm. altam productis (Fig. 51).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on dry rocky
(igneous-metamorphic) chaparral near Quetepe, between kilometers
18-20, east of Cumana' state of Sucre, alt. 30 m., May 23, 1945,
Julian A. Steyermark 62880, "shrub 8-10 feet tall; common; petals
rich yellow; fruit reddish to orange-brown and salmon; leaves sub-
coriaceous-chartaceous, rich green above, buff paier green below."
It is strange that an undescribed species should be encountered in
an area previously visited by Humboldt and Bonpland, especially as
it is a fairly common plant in the region. It cannot be matched by
any previously described species. It is a member of the Subgenus
Euheteropterys, Sect. Stenopterys, as treated by Niedenzu in "Das
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 293
Pflanzenreich," and, apparently, is most closely related to H.
coriacea Juss., which it resembles in the shape and pubescence of
the leaves. It differs from that species in the short contracted in-
florescence which is racemose at the apex, the connective of the
anther glabrous at the apex and the limb of the petal cuneate and not
cordate at base. From H. laurifolia (L.) Juss., and H. anoptera
Juss., which it resembles in the short racemose inflorescences, it
differs in the rounded apex of the leaves, the pubescence on the
lower surface, the obtuse or obtusish apex of the bracteoles, and the
limb of the petal narrowed at the base.
Hiraea tepuiensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Liana, partibus novellis densissime rufo-sericeis, ramulis com-
pressis, ramis teretibus demum glabratis; foliis subcoriaceis vel
chartaceo-subcoriaceis ovato- vel oblongo-ellipticis, basi obtusis
vel rotundatis, apice acutiusculis vel acuminatis, apiculatis, 4.5-8.5
cm. longis, 1.5-4 cm. latis, margine integerrimo eglanduloso, subtus
novellis rufo-sericeis vel tomentellis, adultis parce rufo-tomentellis
vel demum glabratis, supra plerumque glabratis, nervis primariis
utroque 6-9, supra nervis secundariis paullo lineolatis, glandulis 2
subtus ad basim costae mediae vel ad apicem petioli; petiolis 6.5-10
mm. longis, eis et costa media subtus brunneo-sericeis; stipulis sub
apice affixis linearibus ca. 1 mm. longis; dichasiis 2-5-umbelliferis
axillaribus dispositis; bracteolis ovatis 1.5-2 mm. longis acutis
rufo-sericeis; umbellis 2-4-floris; pedicellis 12*14 mm. longis rufo-
sericeis; sepalis erectis apice non reflexis eglandulosis ovatis
obtusis 3 mm. longis 1.75-2 mm. latis, extus rufo-sericeis intus
glabris; petalorum limbo suborbiculari vel suborbiculari-subreniformi
3-4 mm. longo, 4-5 nun. lato, fimbriato, ungue 1.5 mm. longo; an-
droeceo zygomorphico; filamentis 2-3 mm. longis; antheris suborbicu-
laribus 1-1.2 mm. longis 1-1.2 ram. latis, loculis late oblongo-
subreniformibus curvatis glaberrimis; gynaeceo zygomorphico, stylis
curvatis glabris 2.3*2.5 rnm. longis, ad angulum internum obliquo-
gynixiferibus, apice plerumque pediformibus vel paullo uncinatis;
ovario hirsutulo; samaris junioribus adpresso-pubescentibus.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. N.Y. Bot.
Card., collected on southwest slopes of Mt. Roraima, vicinity of
Arabupu, state of Bolivar, alt. 1500 m., December 28, 1939, Albert
S. Pinkus 90, "high climbing liana; petals yellow; anthers brown."
The following cotype specimens in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus.,
all from the state of Bolivar, are: Ptari-tepui', southeast-facing
slopes, alt. 1585-1600 m., November 10-11, 1944, Steyermark 59986,
"woody vine in small trees, common; leaves chartaceous-
subcoriaceous, dark green above, dull green below, pubescence on
young stems, petioles, pedicels, and sepals dark brown" (young
fruiting specimen); Ptari-tepui, dense forest at base of cerro along
Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., November 27, 1944, Steyermark 60636,
"liana; leaves subcoriaceous, deep green above, dull green below;
flowers brown;" Ptari-tepui, rich woods bordering quebradas at base
of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1585-1600 m., November 10-11, 1944,
LIBRARY
294 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Steyermark 60039, "leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above, dull
green below; pedicels and petioles dull brown tomentose."
This species, common on the slopes of Ptari-tepuf and of Mount
Roraima between elevations of 1500-1600 meters, is distinguished by
the small subcoriaceous elliptic-ovate or oblong-elliptic blades with
entire margins, at first rufous-sericeous, but finally glabrous, the
finely lineolate upper leaf surfaces, the small glands of the stipules,
the eglandular obtuse sepals, the zygomorphic androecium and
gynoecium, hirsutulous ovary, pediform tip of one of the styles, and
suborbicular anthers. The leaves are rr.uch smaller and thicker than
in //. fagifolia (DC.) Juss.
Tetrapterys pusilla Steyermark, sp. nov.
Suffruticosa 0.5-metralis, partibus novellis glabris vel parce
adpresso-puberulis, internodiis 1.5-4 cm. longis; foliis subcoriaceis
subrevolutis oblanceolatis vel oblanceolato-obovatis, apice obtusis,
apiculatis, basi cuneatis, 2.5-4.7 cm. longis 1-1.7 cm. latis, glabris,
nervis primariis utroque 5-6, subtus fere non manifestis, supra non
manifestis, costa media subtus prominente; petiolis glabris incrassa-
tis supra canaliculatis 2-3 nim. longis; stipulis inconspicuis basi
petioli affixis; racemis simplicibus axillaribus basi rhachidis nudis
2-2.5 cm. longis 2-8-floris glabris vel glabratis; pedunculis floriferis
1.2-5 cm. longis; pedicellis 6-9 mm. longis glabris; bracteis bracte-
olisque ovalibus vel oblongo-ovoideis obtusis 1.8-2 mm. longis 0.8-1
mm. latis, parce adpresso-puberulis vel glabratis; sepalis apice
revolutis suborbicularibus vel late ovoideis, apice rotundatis, 10
glandulas crassas obovoideas 2 mm. longas 1.8 mm. latas superanti-
bus, extus parte media parce adpresso-puberulis, marginibus ciliola-
tis,ceterum glabris, intus glabris; petalis luteis, limbo suborbiculari,
apice rotundato, basi cuneato, 7.5 mm. longo 8 mm. lato, ungue 2-3.5
mm. longo; staminibus 10, omnibus fertilibus; antheris late oblongis
1.2-1.4 mm. longis 0.6-0.7 mm. latis glabris; filamentis glabris ca. 2
mir. longis; stylis directis plerumque subaequalibus 2.5-2.8 mm.
longis glabris obtusis, apice subtruncatis vel oblique truncatis vel
rotundatis; ovario glabro; samaris maturis non visis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on sandy wet ground
with Stegolepis and Brocchinia, Gran Sabana, between Mission of
Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa,
state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., October 26, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
59361, "suffruticose ll/2 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, erect,
deep olive green above, pale green below, subrevolute; petals deep
yellow."
This species is at once distinguished by the suffruticose dwarf
habit, small oblanceolate glabrous leaves in which the midrib only is
prominent, the lateral nerves mostly suppressed, the short, raceroi-
form, axillary inflorescences of large flowers with conspicuously
fimbriate petals. The petiolar stipules relate this plant to Subgenus
Mischolepis, as treated by Niedenzu in Das Pflanzenreich. It ap-
parently is related to T. fimbripetala Juss. of the Guianas, and to
T. olei folia (Benth.) Niedenzu of Mount Roraima. From the former
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 295
it may be easily separated by the habit, small leaves without con-
spicuous nervation, and smaller more orbicular bracteoles, while
from the latter it may be easily distinguished, especially by the
glabrous leaves, petioles, and young stems, larger petals, and obtuse
to rounded bracteoles.
VOCHYSIACEAE
Qualea ferruginea Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 10-35-metralis; ramis adscendentibus, ramulis juvenilibus
fusco-tomentellis; internodiis 2-3 cm. longis; glandulis parvis
orbicularibus concavis; petiolis 3*9 mm. longis minute ferrugineo-
tomentellis; laminis erectis confertis coriaceis vel subcoriaceis,
supra atroviridibus nitidis, obovatis vel obovato-oblongis vel elliptico-
oblongis, apice late rotundatis vel obtusis, apiculatis vel subretusis,
basi cuneatis vel subobtusis, 4-8 cm. longis 2-4 cm. latis, fere
glabris, costa media subtus valde prominente utrinque ferrugineo-
tomentellis excepto, marginibus paginae inferioris incrassatis glabris
vel minute ferrugineo-puberulentibus, costis lateralibus creberrime
gracillimis parallelis; inflorescentia terminali 4-6 cm. longa; pedi-
cellis 4-8 mm. longis ferrugineo-tomentosis; alabastris elongato-
conicis acutis 10-11 mm. longis; calycis laciniis obtuse carinatis,
exterioribus ovatis acutis 3.5-4 mm. latis ferrugineo-tomentellis,
interioribus (tertia et quinta) majoribus late ovatis acutis 4.5-5.5 mm.
longis 3"4 mm. latis ferrugineo-tomentellis; quarta calcarata elliptico-
oblonga obtusa 14 mm. longa ferrugineo-tomentella; calcare 3*4 mm.
longo; petalo suborbiculari-ovoideo, apice rotundato apiculato, basi
angustato, glabro, albido cum medio aurantiaco, salmoneo marginato,
27 mm. longo, ad 25 mm. lato; staminis filamento glabro 10.5 mm.
longo; anthera 6.5 mm. longa dense unilateraliter barbata; stylo 17
mm. longo superne glabro dimidio inferiori piloso; ovario puberulo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in Quebrada de
Kavanayen, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and airport, state
of Bolivar, alt. 1200-1220 m., December 11, 1944, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 60914, "tree 50 feet tall; branches ascending; leaves erect,
closely bunched, coriaceous to subcoriaceous, dark green above,
pale green below with prominent yellow green midrib; petal white
with orange center bordered on either side by salmon-orange or brick
streaks; style pale green; filament pale greenish; anther buff; con-
nective green; flowers fragrant."
Other collections, all from the state of Bolivar, Venezuela, are:
lower portion of quebrada, wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma,
between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of
Rfo Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., November 20-21, 1944, Steyermark
60438, "tree 100 feet tall with trunk 3 feet in diameter; leaves
coriaceous, deep green and shining above, yellow green below with
prominent raised midrib which is dull olive green with brownish
along margins;" rich woods bordering quebradas at base of southeast-
facing slopes of Ptari-tepui", alt. 1585-1600 m., November 10-11,
1944, Steyermark 60028, "tree 60-70 feet tall; leaves coriaceous-
296 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
chartaceous, dark green above, dull green below, midrib below slight-
ly ferruginous; young stems and buds ferruginous;" and rich woods,
vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and
Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m., November 15-17, 1944, Steyermark
60291, "tree 80 feet tall; leaves coriaceous-chartaceous, deep green
and shining above, yellow green or pale green below; petal white
with golden in center; filament brick-salmon; spur salmon-brick;
style pale green; flower fragrant."
Local names: "amu-rieu-wai-yek," "keu-pau-rik-orai-yek," and
"copai-yek."
This species may be distinguished by the ferruginous tomentum of
the rachis, pedicels, and on either side of the midrib of the lower
leaf surface, where it manifests itself conspicuously along the sides
of the midrib, by the small obtuse blades with prominent midrib on
the lower surface, the densely barbate-pubescent anther, style pu-
bescent in the lower half, and white and orange petal.
It is similar to Q. glaberrima Ducke, but that species has the style
glabrous throughout, lacks the ferruginous tomentum of the midrib on
the lower leaf surface, and has more pointed blades. It is also re-
lated to Q. retusa Spruce, from which it differs in having a well-
developed mostly terminal inflorescence, larger stiffer blades, and
ferruginous tomentum of the rachis and midrib of the lower leaf
surface.
Vochysia rubiginosa Stafl.,20 sp. nov. Sectio Ciliantha Stafl., sub-
sectio Ferrugineae Warm.
Arbor mediocris. Ramuli et gemmae juveniles, stipulae, folia
juvenilia subtus, rhachis, pedunculi et pedicelli rubiginoso-tomentelli.
Ramuli juveniles sulcati angulati, angulo rotundato, adulti sub-
teretes. Stipulae persistentes, subulatae, circa 0.05 cm. longae.
Folia opposita. Petioli 0.6-0.9 cm. longi, basi incrassati. Lamina
elliptica, circa 5-7 x 2.0-2.8 cm., apice acuminata, basi acuminata
vel acuta, supra subnitida glabra costa media excepto, adulta subtus
cano-brunneo-tomentella, margina plana. Nervi utrinque subpromi-
nentes, numerosi, sub angulo 70-80' a nervo medio patentes. Costa
marginalis subundulata, 0.05 cm. a margine distans. Inflorescentia
terminalis, densiflora, cylindrica, pedunculis 0.3-0.4 cm., pedicellis
0.6-0.8 cm. longis, cincinnis 1-floris. Alabastra recta vel subrecurva,
circa 0.9-1.3 cm. longa. Calcar 0.5-0.7 cm. longum, subincurvum, sub
angulo 0-30' a pedicello patens. Sepala minora deltoidea, acuta,
0.1 x 0.1 cm., sepalum quartum post anthesin falcato-recurvum.
Petalum intermedium stamine paululum brevior, circa 0.8 x 0.2 cm.,
lanceolato-ovatum, acutum, extus ferrugineo- vel fulvo-villosum;
lateralia fere duplo minora, apice villosa. Stamen 0.8-0.9 x 0.1-0.2
cm., antherae oblongae, margine loculorum villosae; filamentum
gracile circa 0.3 cm. longum. Staminodia glabra lingulata, circa 0.1
cm. longa. Stylus cylindricus, gracilis, 0.7-0.8 cm. longus. Stigma
terminale, planum, 0.03-0.08 cm. diam. Capsula ignota.
20By F. A.Stafleu
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 297
Oo
D
B
H
I
FIGURE 52
Poly gala oppress a var. kavanayen
A, Two outer sepals (X 18); B, Third outer sepal (X 18); C, Third
outer sepal (X 10); D, Wing (X 16.5); E, Seed with aril (X 27); F, One
of the two outer sepals (X 12); G, Third outer sepal (X 14); H, Wing
(X 18); I, Opened corolla with stamens (X 35).
298 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in scrubby woods,
vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and
Sororopa'n-tepui', state of Bolivar, Julian A. Steyermark 60265, "tree
40 feet tall; corolla deep yellow or golden; pedicels fulvous-brown;
style pale yellow; leaves coriaceous, dark green above, gray green
on older leaves below, ferrugineous on younger leaves below."
Related to V. javitensis Stafl., but differing from it in nervation,
apex of the leaves and shape and dimensions of the spur (Vide
Stafleu in Med. Bot. Mus. Utr. 95, p. 509- Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl.
XLI, p. 509).
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala appressa Bench., var. kavanayena Steyermark, var. nov.
Sepala exteriora inaequalia, elliptico-oblonga vel anguste ovata,
acutiuscula vel obtusiuscula, 1 mm. longa 0.4 mm. lata, superius
ovoideum vel late ovatum vel suborbiculare obtusiusculum vel rotun-
datum 1.1-1.2 mm. longum, 0.8 mm. latum; alis obovatis, apice ro-
tundatis, 2.1 mm. longis, 1.2-1.4 mm. latis; petalis superioribus
obovoideis, apice rotundatis, 1.5 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, crista
brevi, lobis paucis formata, 2 lobis intimis linearibus; semine
elliptico-oblongo hirsute 1.3 mm. longo; arillo 0.9-1 mm. longo
(Fig. 52).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on sandy wet meadow
on large mesa, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de
Kavanaye'n northwest to Rio Karuai, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m.,
October 26, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59359, "flowers pale green
with brick or dull rose at tip."
This differs from typical P. appressa Benth. principally in the
longer aril, which covers 2/3—3/4 the length of the seed, whereas in
typical P. appressa the aril is only 1/3 or less the length of the seed.
Other minor differences are in the shape and dimensions of outer
sepals and wings: in P. appressa var. kavanayena the wings are
slightly wider, the upper outer sepal somewhat less rounded at the
apex, and the other two outer sepals slightly more acutish or ob-
tusish rather than distinctly rounded at the apex.
Polygala Blakeana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herba annua, caule erecto apice ramoso plus minusve dense folioso
19 cm. alto supra dense glandulosa; foliis erecto-adscendentibus
lineari-acicularibus alternis 4.5-9 mm. longis 1-1.5 mm. latis, supre-
mis marginibus glandulosis; racemis terminalibus densifloris anguste
conoideis 12-15 mm. longis 5-6 mm. latis, rhachidi dense glandulari-
papillata; bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis 2 mm. longis 0.4 mm. latis
caducis, ad margines remote glandulari-crenulatis; pedicellis 0.1-0.2
mm. longis; floribus 2.5-3 mm. longis albis; sepalo superiore late
ovato apice obtuso vel rotundato 1.5 mm. longo 0.7-0.8 mm. lato;
sepalis inferioribus ovatis acutiusculis vel obtusiusculis 1.4-1.5 mm.
longis 0.6 mm. latis; alis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis 2.5 mm. longis
1.5 mm. latis quam corolla longioribus; corolla 2 mm. longa, petalis
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 299
FIGURE 53
Poly gala E lake ana
A, Opened corolla with stamens (X 14); B, Anther with portion of
filament (X 16); C, Papillate surface of 4-lobed crest (highly magni-
fied); D, Wing (X 14); G, Bract of inflorescence (X 19); H, margine
of bract (more highly magnified).
300 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
superioribus elliptico-oblongis obtusis 1.5 mm. longis 1 ram. latis;
carina 1.5 mm. longa suborbiculari, crista 4-fida, lobis papillatis,
intimis linearibus quam lobis extimis longioribus; capsula sub-
orbiculari 1.7 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata glabra; seminibus ovoideis
nigris 1 mm. longis, pilis brevibus subpatentibus glochidiatis vel
apice incurvis albis praeditis; arillo 1.3*1.5 mm. longo, lobis 2
linearibus vel spatulato-oblongis appressis, 2/3—3/4 longitudinis
seminis attingentibus (Fig. 53).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on Gran Sabana,
between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rfo Kukenan, south of
Mount Roraima, state of Bolivar, alt. 1065-1200 m., October 1, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 59065, "flowers white."
Because of the glochidiate or incurved apex of the hairs covering
the arillate seed, this species is a member of the Subsect. Glochi-
diatae of Sect. Orthopolygala as treated by Chodat (or Ser. Glochi-
diatae of Subgenus Orthopolygala as treated by Blake), and probably
most closely related to P. subspicata Hliber of northern Brazil.
It differs from P. subspicata in the much longer, acuminate bracts,
larger wings and longer outer sepals, 4-lobed crest, glandular rachis,
glandular upper part of stem and margiris of upper leaves, and in the
hairs on the seed shorter and more uncinate at tip.
The species is named in honor of Dr. S. F. Blake, Senior Botanist
of the U.S.D.A. Plant Industry Station, whose work on Polygala, and,
especially, whose revision of the Mexican, Central American, and
West Indian species of the genus has shed much light on this interest-
ing group of plants.
Polygala monticola H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. PI. 5: 405. 1823.
Polygala mollis H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. PI. 5: 405. 1823
Polygala monticola var. bryzoides (St. Hil.) Steyermark, comb. nov.
Polygala bryzoides St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Mer. 2: 44 *. 88. 1829-
Absence or presence of glandular cilia on the outer sepals and
relative abundance and distribution of pubescence on the leaves are
the chief criteria used by Chodat to separate P. angustifolia H.B.K.,
P. mollis H.B.K., and P. monticola H.B.K. into two groups. From
the series of specimens examined, it does not seem possible to
retain these three entities as specific categories. There is such
variation in the amount of foliar pubescence and in relative abun-
dance or lack of glandular-ciliation of the outer sepals as to suggest
that these entities represent phases of a polymorphic species. Both
P. monticola and P. mollis have the outer sepals ciliate, but not
glandular. Polygala monticola H.B.K., having page priority, must be
accepted as the correct name. Polygala mollis appears to be a more
pubescent phase of P. monticola, while P. bryzoides St. Hil. (P.
angustifolia H.B.K., not Gilib.) may be considered as representing
only a variation with glandular ciliation of the outer sepals.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 301
Polygala sanariapoana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herba annua tenuis erecta glaberrima simplex vel parce ramosa
6-18 cm. alta; foliis plerumque alternis, inferioribus obovatis apice
rotundatis paullo confertis, reliquis linearibus acicularibus remotis,
glabris 2-5 mm. longis 0.3-2 mm. latis; racemis terminalibus late
oblongis vel ovoideis subdensifloris 4-12 mm. longis 4-6 mm. latis,
rhachidi papillari-verruculosa; bracteis ovatis acutis glandulari-
ciliatis; pedicellis 0.8-0.9 mm. longis; floribus 2-3.5 mm. longis
glabris; sepalo superiore eglandulari late ovali-ovoideo vtl sub-
orbiculari-ovoideo, apice rotundato 1.2 mm. longo 0.8 mm. lato;
sepalis inferioribus eglandularibus elliptico-oblongis, apice obtusis,
1 mm. longis 0.4-0.5 mm. latis; alis elliptico-obovoideis obtusis 3
mm. longis 1.6-1.7 mm. latis quam corolla longioribus eglandularibus;
corolla 2.5 mm. longa, petalis superioribus elliptico-oblongis acutius-
culis vel obtusiusculis 1.5-1.7 mm. longis 0.6-0.7 mm. latis; carina
multifida, crista plerumque 8-laciniata, laciniis subulato-linearibus
0.8-0.9 mm. longis; capsula elliptico-oblonga vel anguste ovoidea
2.3-2.5 mm. longa 1-1.2 mm. lata glabra eglandulari; seminibus longe
conicis apice paullo constrictis atro-brunneis retrorsum sericeo-
comosis estrophiolatis 3-6-3.7 mm. longis (coma inclusa)(Fig. 54).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in vicinity of Sana-
riapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco river, Territorio
Federal Amazonas, alt. 100 m., September 8, 1944, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 59452, "petals white;" also collected with same data, Steyer-
mark 58498, "on rocks; flowers white."
This species, with its comose conical seed, obviously belongs to
Subsect. Trichospermae of Sect. Orthopolygala as treated by Chodat
(or Ser. Trichospermae of Subgenus Orthopolygala as treated by
Blake). It shows affinity to P. longicaulis H.B.K. It is readily
differentiated from that species by the eglandular, shorter, outer
sepals which are obtuse or rounded at the apex, the obtuse instead of
cuspidate apex of the wings, the larger seed, and lower obovate
leaves rounded at the apex.
Polygala santanderensis Killip & Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herbacea 0.3-1. 3-metralis, caule 1.75-2 mm. diam. basi simplice
glabra superne parce ramosa, ramis elongatis angulatis; foliis plerum-
que omnibus 3-5-verticillatis quam internodia plerumque brevioribus,
petiolis ad 2 mm. longis glabris vel parce puberulis, laminis lanceo-
latis vel elliptico-lanceolatis apice acute acuminatis basi acutis
1.5-5.5 cm. longis 3"9 mm. latis utrinque plerumque glabris subtus
costa media prominente; racemis axillaribus vel plerumque terminali-
bus paucibus pedunculatis laxifloris 3-8 cm. longis, pedunculis
erectis 4-7 cm. longis parce strigillosis; bracteis ovatis vel late
lanceolatis cuspidato-acuminatis 1.5-3 mm. longis ca. 0.75 mm. latis;
pedicellis 1-1.5 mm. longis glabris; floribus 4-5.5 mm. longis albidis
velpurpureis; sepalis inferioribus subaequalibus ovatis obtusiusculis
1.8-2 mm. longis 1.1-1.2 mm. latis, marginibus supra medium parce
ciliolatis, aliter glabris vel extus parce ciliolatis, extus glabris vel
302
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
B
D
FIGURE 54
Polygala sanariapoana
A, One of the two outer sepals (X 25); B, Third outer sepal (X 17);
C, Third outer sepal (X 14); D, Wing (X 29); E, Corolla showing
keel and lateral lobes (X 20); F, Seed (X 17.5); G, Pistil (highly
magnified.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
303
D
B
FIGURE 55
Poly gala santanderensis
A, One of two outer sepals (X 12); B, Opened corolla with stamens
(X 13.5); C, Wing (X 11); D, Seed with aril (X 13).
304 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
parce puberulis; sepalo superiore late ovatis obtuso 2.5 mm. longo
1.5 mm. lato alls obovatis, apice rotundatis 4.5-5 mm. longis 2.5-2.7
mm. latis glabris; corolla 4.5 mm. longa, petalis superioribus bblongo-
obovatis apice rotundatis 3-3-5 ram. longis 1.5-1.75 mm. latis carina
paullo longioribus per 1/2 cum tubo staminali connatis; carina multi-
fida 2.25-2.5 mm. longa, crista incise lobata, laciniis subulato-
linearibus; capsula pendula 3.5-3.8 mm. longa extus parce strigillosa;
serainibus oblongis dense hirsutulis 3.5 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis;
arillo 2.7 mm. longo, lobis appressis 3/4—7/8 longitudinis seminis
attingentibus (Fig. ^5)«
Type in U.S. Nat. Herb., isotype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus.,
collected in dense forest, Rio Surata valley, above Surata, Dept.
Santander, Colombia, alt. 2000-2300 m., January 5-6, 1927, Killip &
Smith 16585, "erect, slender herb 3*4 feet; petals rich purple; keel
pinkish white."
Cotypes: COLOMBIA: Hoya de Samaria (Municipio de Toledo),
Cordillera Oriental, Dept. Norte de Santander, alt. 2000-2100 m.,
October 29-30, 1941, Cuatrecasas, Schultes & E. Smith 12760,
"herbacea; flor blanca."
VENEZUELA: between Villapaez and Betania, along
Rio Tachira, by Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, state of Tachira,
alt. 2130-2285 m., July 17, 1944, Steyermark 57432, "herb 1-2 feet
tall; calyx pale green; corolla white; base of outer petals pale green-
ish at base; leaves deep green above, pale green below: stems deep
brown-lavender. M
A member of the Ser. Galioideae of Sect. Timutua, Subgenus
Orthopolygala as treated by Blake (or Ser. Galioideae of Subsect.
Verticillatae of Sect. Orthopolygala as treated by Chodat), this
species is related to P. Ruiziana Chod. of Peru and P. crucianel-
loides DC. of the West Indies, from both of which it differs in details
of flowers or seeds.
EUPHORBIACEAE
Amanoa pubescens Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 6-12-metralis; ramulis glabris; internodiis 1-2 mm. longis;
foliis coriaceis vel subcoriaceis lanceolato-ellipticis vel ovatis,
apice obtuse acuminatis basi obtusis vel acutis, 7.5-10 cm. longis
2-4.5 cm. latis glabris, costis secundariis utroque numerosis con-
fertis, utrinque reticulato-areolatis; petiolis 10-14 mm. longis glabris;
inf lore seen tia ramosa ad apicem ramulorum, ramis 4.5-H cm. longis
dense brunneo-hirtellis terminalibus vel axillaribus; floribus luteis
(fide Williams) in glomerulis 5-7; floribus masculinis 2.5-3 mm.
diametientibus: sepalis masculinis oblongo-obovatis, apice rotun-
datis 3.5 mm. longis, supra medium 2 mm. latis, marginibus cucullato-
incurvatis scariosis; petalis squamelliformibus 1-1.5 mm. longis;
staminibus 5, ovarii rudimento ad medium adnatis, antheris late
oblongis 1 mm. longis, filamentis 0.5 mm. longis; ovarii rudimento
discoideo apice 3-angulato; floribus foemineis non visis; capsula
immatura subglobosa 11-12 mm. alta 13-14 mm. diam.; pedicellis
fructiferis 2-3 mm. longis.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 305
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected en las orillas del
Cano Pimichrn, sobre todo en las partes que se aniegan periodica-
mente, Rio Guainfa, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 128 m.,
February 20, 1942, Llewelyn Williams 14439, "arbol pequeno hasta
de 8 m. de alt., de pocas raraas delgadas; el tronco redondo, 12 cm.
de diam., arcuada, sobre saliente al rio, sin ramas hasta los 3 m.,
el fruto es morenisco en su madurez; la corteza color castano y el
liber rosado a Colorado; la albura de color amarillo palido y el
duramen rosado fuerte; se dice que el fruto es muy buscado por las
aves palometas y los peces (morocoto) y arenca."
Other collections, all from Territorio Federal Amazonas, are: en
las margenes arboreadas, periodicamente anegadas, Cano San Miguel,
Rio Guaim'a, alt. 127 m., March 24, 1942, Llewelyn Williams 14859,
"arbol de 10 a 12 m., con ramas alargadas y poco arcuadas y aun
pendientes; el tronco 20 cm. de diam.; la corteza castano claro a
obscuro, y el liber Colorado a purpureo; la albura es castano claro y
el duramen rosado fuerte a rojizo;" en la margen del Rio Temi, alt.
200 m., January 21, 1942, Llewelyn Williams 13862, "arbol torcido,
6 m. de alt.; corona pequena, abierta; tronco 15 cm. de diam., incli-
nado; duramen distinto, de color obscuro y la albura de color claro;
corteza morenizca; fls. pequenas, amarillentas, en espigas;" en la
margen arenosa del Rfo Temi. alt. 280 m., January 21, 1942, Llewelyn
Williams 13866, "arbol de 6 a 8 m., corona esparcida."
Local name: "reventillo."
This species differs from all others in the densely hirtellous floral
branches. It is also distinguished by the close numerous lateral
nerves which are finely reticulate or areolate on both surfaces, and
by the acuminate or long-pointed apices of the blades.
Some of the collections cited above were distributed as A. cupa-
tensis Hiiber, a species which differs from the present one in its
glabrous floral branches, black-punctate lower leaf surfaces, and
rounded or retuse apices of the leaf-blade.
Bernardia venezuelana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex ad 3 m. alms; ramulis dioicis, antrorsum strigillosis,
indumento e pilis simplicibus formato; foliis subcoriaceis ovato- vel
lanceolato-ellipticis, apice plerumque acutis vel subito subacumina-
tis, basi acutis, 3.5-10 cm. longis 1.5-4 cm. latis obtuse serrulatis,
serraturis utrinque 20-24, penninerviis, costis secundariis utroque
7-9 subtus prominentibus supra sulcatis, rugosis, praesertim nervis
scabridulis; petiolis 3-5-7 mm. longis strigillosis; stipulis triangulari-
subulatis 3-3.5 mm. longis strigillosis; spicis foemineis non visis;
spicis masculinis axillaribus subsessilibus vel breviter pedunculatis
bracteigeris 11-23 mm. longis 2-3 mm. latis; rhachidi strigillosa;
bracteis suborbiculari-ovatis acutis 3.5 mm. longis 4.5 mm. latis, ca.
6-floris; sepalis masculinis late ovatis acutis L5 mm. longis 1.2 mm.
latis, extus parce pilosis; disci glandulis parvis; staminibus 8.
306 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on exposed ridge top
of sotabosque, Cordillera del Avila, between Los Venados and Pico
Oriental, Distrito Federal, February 27-28, 1944, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 55603, "shrub 10 feet tall; leaves rugose, subcoriaceous, deep
green above, pale green below."
Other collections, all from Venezuela, are: rich woods between
La Azulita and La Carbonera, state of Merida, alt. 1280-2378 ra.,
April 24, 1944, Steyermark 56055, "shrub 10 feet tall;, leaves and
inflorescence dull olive green; leaves subcoriaceous;" en matorrales
en el camino entre Boca del Tigre y El Avila, Distrito Federal, alt.
1900-2000 m., Llewelyn Williams 10906, "arbusto delgado, hasta de
2.3 m. de aha."
This species is characterized by the relatively short staminate
spikes, the antrorsely strigillose simple pubescence, and scabrid
upper and lower surfaces of the leaves. It is related to B. corensis
(Jacq.) Mull. Arg., from which it is distinguished by the more numer-
ous, finer serrations of the scabridulous leaves, the more prominent
and more numerous raised nerves on the lower leaf surface with more
conspicuous reticulation, and the densely strigillose pubescence
throughout.
Chaetocarpus Williams!! Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 16-metralis; ramulis glabris; internodiis 0.7-2 cm. longis;
foliis coriaceis elliptico- vel ovato-oblongis, apice subobtusis, basi
rotundatis vel obtusis, 8.5-12.5 cm. longis 3.5-6 cm. latis glabris,
costis secundariis utroque 4-5 anastomosantibus subtus prominulis;
petiolis crassis 7-10 mm. longis 2- 3 mm. latis; capsulae valvis 15-17
mm. longis 9-10 mm. latis lignosis tuberculatis, tuberculis 2-2.5 mm.
longis basi 1.5-2.5 mm. latis, costis numerosis prominentibus, apice
pilo brevi rigido horizontal! vel geniculato caduco instructis; semini-
bus nigris nitidis compressis 5.5-6 mm. longis 5 mm. latis; caruncula
stramineo-aurantiaca (Fig. 56).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected cerca de la margen
arboreada en la Isla al frente de Maroa, Ri'o Guaima, Territorio
Federal Amazonas, alt. 127 m., February 12, 1942, Llewelyn Williams
14312, "arbor de 16 m.,con copa frondosa; tronco 60 cm. de diametro,
redondo, erecto, sin ramas por Ios7 m.; corteza morenisca, levemente
escamosa, algo delgada; la albura color claro y el duramen mas ob-
scuro, variando entre marron claro y obscuro; fruto globoso, espinoso,
dehiscente, usualmente de 3 semillas, las cuales de color negro
lustroso envueltos en un aril color bermellon."
This species is distinguished from all others in the genus by the
much larger fruit and seeds, and by the finely costate surfaces of the
tubercles on the fruit. The larger fruit with distinct ridges on the
longer tubercles, together with the leaf-blades obtuse at base dis-
tinguishes this species from C. Pearcei Rusby. The large tubercles
clearly differentiates the species from C. stipularis Gleason and from
C. Schomburgkianus (O. Ktze.) Pax & Hoffm. of Venezuela and the
Guianas.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
307
FIGURE 56
Chaetocarpus Williamsii
A, Habit of leafy branch (X 1); B, Seed (X 4); C, Valve of capsule
from within (X 3); D, Valve of capsule from without (X 3)-
308 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Conceveibastrum ptarianum Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 13-metralis; rarnulis juvenilibus angulosis dense raolliter
olivaceo-brunneo-tomentosis; petiolis teretibus 11-15 cm. longis
dense molliter olivaceo-brunneo-tomentosis; laminis subcoriaceis vel
coriaceis, subtus pallidioribus griseo-viridibus, late ovatis, apice
subito breviter acuminatis vel obtusiusculis, basi late cordatis,
22-30 cm. longis 15-21 cm. latis, remote atque minute denticulatis,
basi septemnerviis, ceterum penninerviis, supra parce stellato-
puberulis atque praesertim secus nervos pilis simplicibus dense
hirtellis, subtus molliter pubescentibus pilis simplicibus; costis cum
venis transversis parallelis subtus prominulis, costis secundariis
utroque 5; stipellis inconspicuis impressis suborbicularibus; stipulis
late ovatis acuminatis 1.8-2.3 cm. longis ca. 10 mm. latis sericeo-
pubescentibus.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on steep, wooded
slopes just below dry ridge and shrubby growth, southeast-facing
slopes, Ptari-tepuf, state of Bolivar, alt. 1585-1600 m., November
10-11, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60021, "tree 40 feet tall, one of
common ones; leaves subcoriaceous to coriaceous, rich green above,
paler gray green below; petioles and stems olive green."
Local name: "anonti-wa-yek. "
Although the type specimen is sterile, there is no doubt as to the
generic status of the plant. From the only other described species of
the genus, C. Martianum (Baill.) Pax & Hoffm., this species is at
once recognized by the more numerous hairs, and longer, softer
pubescence of the lower leaf-surface, the softly pubescent nerves
and veins, the softly pubescent petioles and stems, the densely
sericeous-pubescent stipuler, and by the stipellae at the base of the
upper surface of the leaf-blade, which in C. ptarianum are only circu-
lar depressions, whereas in C. Martianum they are elongated and
much more conspicuous.
Croizatia Steyermark, gen. nov.
Arbores. Folia alterna penninervia integra petiolata subsessilia
basin versus sensim angustata. Flores dioeci? Masculi ignoti.
Flores foeminei e gemmis axillaribus prodeuntes: sepala 5 magna.
Ovarium 3-loculare. Ovula in loculis gemina. Capsula dura majus-
cula in coccos bivalves a columella persistente superne prominente
alata basi pubescente dilatata supra receptaculum sessile dehiscens.
Semina ecarunculata.
Type species Croizatia neotropica Steyermark.
This remarkable plant was at first believed to be a new species of
Adelia, which genus it closely resembles superficially. But, as Dr.
Croizat notes (in letter) after having examined this material, the two
scars left by the ovules upon each of the three sides of the columella
would place the genus in the Phyllanthoideae (the two scars indicat-
ing the place of attachment of two ovules in a cell), rather than in
Adelia, in which there is only one ovule in each cell, the scar left by
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 309
the ovule on the columella being only one, thus placing the genus
Adelia in an entirely different tribe. This genus is named in honor of
Dr. Leon Croizat, who called my attention to the relationships of this
plant with Actephila.
Indeed, this new genus so closely resembles Actephila that it is
separated with some difficulty from that genus of the Old World (East
Indies, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands). From Actephila it is
distinguished by the following characters: 1. the much larger colu-
mella of the fruit with more prominent wings and extensions at the
summit; 2. the larger pistillate calyx; 3- the subsessile leaf with
gradually attenuate blade instead of the suddenly petiolate blade of
Actephila; 4. the broad disk; and 5« the broad pubescent lower half
of the columella placed directly in contact with the receptacle and
setting directly on the disk. In Actephila, on the other hand, the
lower half of the columella, which is glabrous, is separated from the
base of the receptacle and from the disk by a constriction (Fig. 57, f),
the disk is narrow and but slightly developed, and the lower half of
its columella is much narrower, smaller, and separated from the upper
part of the columella by a prominent neck. In soir.e species of Acte-
phila this constriction is less marked than in others, but it is always
present and the disk is narrow and inconspicuous. In Actephila the
base of the columella becomes broadened into a somewhat lobate
portion separated by a greater or lesser constriction above the disk
and receptacle, whereas in Croizatia the base of the columella is not
constricted and comes directly into contact with the disk and
receptacle.
The combination of the characters given above, combined with the
geographic isolation between the two genera, points to the recogni-
tion of a generic split existing between two closely related generic
stocks of Africa and South America. The split between these 'two
genera became intensified after these continents had been separated,
a cleavage which happened so long ago (probably pre-Cretaceous),
as to indicate the apparent antiquity of the generic stock from which
the two genera were derived.
Croizatia neotropica Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 7-10-metralis; petiolis incrassatis 6-8 mm. longis 3'3.5 mm.
latis; laminis subcoriaceis supra atroviridibus nitidis oblongo-
ellipticis vel elliptico-obovatis, apice acutis, ad basim graduatim
attenuatis, subsessilibus 15-23 cm. longis 5-8 cm. latis glabris
penninerviis, nervis secundariis utroque 12-15arcuato-adscendentibus
subtus paullo prominentibus supra subsulcatis, e margine 0.8-1.5 cm.
anastomosantibus; floribus foemineis e gemmis axillaribus vel termi-
nalibus 1-2, pedicellis sub fructu 3-5-4.5 cm. longis 1.5*2 mm. latis,
apice dilatatis, glabris; sepalis foemineis subcoriaceis lanceolatis
vel lineari-lanceolatis acutis vel acutiusculis 8.5-9 rnm. longis 2-4
mm. latis glabratis, marginibus ciliatis excepto; capsula 17 mm. lata
triloba tenuiter strigillosa vel appresso-pubescenti, prominente
reticulato-nervata, areolis elongatis vel angustatis; seminibus brun-
neis 10.5-12 mm. longis 6.5'7 mm. diam. acriter trigonis, facibus
310
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
FIGURE 57-A
Croizatia neotropica
Habit of fruiting branch.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
311
D
FIGURE 57 B-E, F
Croizatia neotropica. B, Columella in fruit with persistent calyx and
ovule scars (X 4); C, Disk, from above (X 2.5); D, Disk, from side
(X 4); E, Seed (X 2). F, Actephila dispersa (Elmer 12621 showing
columella in fruit with persistent calyx and ovule scars (X 4.5)-
312 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
intimis planis, parte hilari acriter carinata; coluraella 1 cm. longa,
basi hispidula, apice in tres alas basi 4.5 mm. latas apice 13-14 mm.
latas prominentes dilatata (Fig. 57, a— e).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in Ouebrada Seca,
between Fila Grande of Cerro Negro and Rio Maravilla above Cerro
Vaquero, northeast of Los Chorros and El Cielo, east of Bergantin,
state of Anzoa'tegui, alt. 1000-1100 m., March 18, 1945, Julian A.
Steyermark 61523, "small tree 20-30 feet tall; abundant and dominant
substory in all the forest; leaves subcoriaceous, da'rk green and
shining above, pale green below."
Local name: "cusparo. "
It is interesting that a tree which is so abundant in the forest as to
be a dominant part of the substory should have remained unknown
generically until the present time.
Croton chamanus Steyermark, sp. nov.
Planta fruticosa 0.6-0.7 m. alta; caulibus dense stellato-pubescen-
tibus; stipulis mox deciduis; petiolis 12-15 mm. longis dense stellato-
pubescentibus; laminis ovali-obovatis vel obovoideis apice rotundatis
vel obtusis, basi eglandulosis subcordatis vel rotundatis, 3-6-4.2 cm.
longis 2.3*3 cm. latis, crenato-denticulatis, utrinque dense stellato-
pubescentibus, penninerviis, costis secundariis utroque 6; racemis
terminalibus plerumque densifloris 3.5 cm. longis, floribus foemineis
bene evolutis, parte foeminea 2.7 mm. longa, rhachide dense stellato-
pubescenti; floribus foemineis; calyce 5-partito, laciniis paullo
inaequalibus lanceolatis acutis 1.6-1.8 mm. longis 0.5-0.75 mm. latis
utrinque stellato-pubescentibus basi aureo-glandulosis manifestis;
petalis obsoletis; stylis bipartitis fere omnino liberis, laciniis inte-
gris; ovario dense hispidulo; floribus masculis; receptaculo masculo
vestito intus uno latere aureo-biglandulari; calyce 6-partito paullo
inaequali, laciniis elliptico-ovatis vel oblongo-ellipticis acutis 2.5
mm. longis 1-1.5 mm. latis; petalis 6 oblongis vel ellipticis sub-
acutis 2.5 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis; staminibus 16; filamentis glabris
1.5 mm. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on dry slopes of
canyon bordering Rio Chama, above Los Gonzalez, state of Merida,
alt. 1220-1820 m., May 2, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56232, "shrub-
by, 2 feet tall; leaves dull green above, gray green below."
In appearance this species somewhat resembles C. pycnanthus
Benth. of Ecuador, but, among other differences, that has glands at
the base of the blade.
Croton Croizatii Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 8-metralis, ramulis junioribus cinereo-castaneo-lapidotis;
petiolis 1.5-4.8 cm. longis cinereo-castaneo-lepidotis; laminis ovatis,
apice subito acuminatis, basi subcordatis vel rotundatis, supra
atroviridibus minute strumosis reticulato-nervatis, subtus dense
stramineo-albido-lepidotis, 6-17.5 cm. longis 2.5-8 cm. latis, subtus
glandulis patelliformibus posticis 2, costis secundariis utroque 13-14
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 313
paullo adscendentibus subtus prominentibus, supra costa media
prominent! stramineo-brunneo-pubescenti; racemis terminalibus 12-15
mm. longis, stramineo-cinereo-lepidotis; floribus foemineis ignotis;
floribus masculinis cinereo-albidis; receptaculo piloso; calycis
laciniis 5 late ovatis apice obtusis vel rotundatis 4.5 mm. longis
2.75 rnm. latis, extus cinereo-albido-lepidotis; petalis ovatis obtusis
3 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis, extus adpresso-pilosis, marginibus pilis
patentibus dense ciliatis; staminibus 15-17; filamentis 1.5-1.7 mm.
longis infra medium villosis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected near Hacienda Agua
Blanca above La Azulita and Rib Capaz, state of Merida, alt. 975 rn.,
April 26, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56124, "tree 25 feet tall; leaves
deep green above, with buff brown midnerve above, buff white below,
nerves raised; petioles gray brown; flowers buff green."
This species is most closely related to C. badiocalyx Croizat of
Colombia, from which it may be distinguished by the staminate calyx
which is grayish-white rather than chestnut-colored at full anthesis,
only the youngest buds in C. Croizatii showing any chestnut color,
by the larger leaves more prominently and narrowly acuminate, longer
petioles, chestnut-colored pubescence of stems and petioles, and by
the arboreal habit.
Croton deserticolus Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 6.5-8-metralis; ramulis junioribus gracilibus teretibus
stellato-pilosulis; stipulis subulatis 2-2.5 mm. longis caducis;
petiolis 3*8 mm. longis stellato-pilosis; laminis ovalibus vel ovatis
apice obtusis vel rotundatis saepe minute apiculatis, basi eglandu-
losis rotundatis vel obtusis, 1.7-3 cm. longis 0.8-2.1 cm. latis
integris, utrinque dense stellato-pubescentibus, penninerviis, costis
secundariis utroque 6-7 supra fere obsoletis subtus subprominulis;
racemis terminalibus laxifloris 5. 5-6 cm. longis, rhachi dense stellato-
pilosa; floribus foemineis; calyce 5-fido, laciniis aequalibus lineari-
oblongis vel oblongo-oblanceolatis obtusis vel subacutis 2.5*3 mm.
longis 1-1.5 rnm. latis, extus atque intus parte superiore dense
stellato-pilosis; stylis bis dichotome divisis; ovario stellato-vestito;
floribus masculinis; receptaculo dense villoso; calycis laciniis
ovatis acutis 2-2.5 rnm. longis 1.2 mm. latis, extus dense stellato-
pilosis; staminibus 13; filamentis 2-2.5 mm. longis dense villosis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in desert between
Carora and Barquisimeto, state of Lara, alt. 500 m., May 28, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 56821, "small tree 20-25 feet tall; leaves dull
green above, pale gray green below; flowers creamy white."
Croton kavanayensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 10-metralis; ramulis juvenilibus pilis ferrugineo-fulvis dense
stellatis instructis; stipulis subulatis rigidis 8-11 mm. longis dense
stellato-pubescentibus; petiolis 2.5-5 cm. longis pilis ferrugineo-
fulvis dense stellatis instructis;laminis elliptico-ovatis vel elliptico-
oblongis, apice subito acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel obtusis, supra
atrovirir'ibus nitidis glabris praeter costam mediam pubescentem,
314 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
subtus cinereo-viridibus dense molliter stellato-tomentosis, 11-18
cm. longis 5.5-9 cm. latis, subtus glandulis patelliformibus posticis
2, costis secundariis utroque 20-22 fere angulo recto patentibus;
floribus ignotis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on wooded slopes of
Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio
Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), state of Bolivar, alt. 1065-1220
m., November 20-21, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60386, "tree 30 feet
call; leaves firmly membranaceous, dark green and shining above,
gray green below; petioles and stems ferruginous-fulvous."
This species, although sterile, is a well-marked one, related to
C. matourensis M. Arg. It is distinguished from that species by the
soft ferruginous-fulvous stellate pubescence of the stems and peti-
oles, and by the soft gray-green stellate tomentum of the lower
surface of the leaf-blade.
The trunk of this species is made by the Taurepan Indians of this
region into canoes.
Croton larensis Steyerirark, sp. nov.
Frutex 5-metralis; ramulis dichotome ramosis juvenilibus teretibus
1.5-2 mm. diam. fulvo-stellato-pubescentibus; stipulis subulatis 3.5
mm. longis stellato-pubescentibus mox deciduis; petiolis 5-9 mm.
longis dense stellato-pubescentibus; laminis ovato-oblongis vel
elliptico-oblongis obtusis vel obtusiusculis, basi obtusis vel sub-
acutis, 2.8-4.2 cm. longis 1.5-2.3 cm. latis, glandulis parvis stipita-
tis 2-4, crenatis, supra pallido cinereo-viridibus aspero-stellato-
puberulis, subtus pallido-viridibus densiusculo-stellato-pubescentibus,
penninerviis, costis secundariis utroque 5-7 adscendentibus; racemis
terminalibus paullo densifloris 2.5-4.5 cm. longis; bracteis subulatis;
floribus foemineis; pedicellis 1-2.5 mm. longis; calyce 5-partito,
laciniis paullo inaequalibus oblongis vel ovato-oblongis obtusis
2.5-3 mm. longis 1-1.5 mm. latis, extus dense stellato-hispidulis;
stylis semel fere ad basin divisis, laciniis integris; ovario
stellato-pubescente; floribus masculinis; receptaculo masculine
villoso; calycis laciniis 5 elliptico-ovatis subacutis 2.5 mm. longis
1.5 mm. latis, extus dense stellato-hirsutis; petalis spatulato-
obovatis apice rotundatis 2 mm. longis 1.2 mm. latis intus villosis;
staminibus 11; filamentis glabris; capsulis ca. 4 mm. longis extus
stellato-tomentosis; seminibus laevibus nitidis lavendulo-brunneis
3 mm. longis 2 mm. latis; carunculo stramineo-brunneo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in dry chaparral
between Trujillo-Lara boundary and Carora, state of Lara, alt. 305
ra., May 28, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56806, "shrub 15 feet tall;
leaves pale gray green above, pale green below."
This species is apparently a member of the section Decarinium
M. Arg. and most closely related to C. subincanus M. Arg., but
differs among other characters in its smaller stalked 2-4 glands at
the base of the leaf blade, the non-bullate leaf-blades, and shrubby
habit.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 315
Croton roraimensis Croizat, var. subintegrus Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo differt marginibus foliorum subintegris vel paullo sub-
crenatis, laminis adultis apice obtusis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected along base of east-
facing high sandstone bluffs, Ptari-tepuf, state of Bolivar, alt.
2410-2450 m., November 7, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59925, "calyx
rich green."
Croton sucrensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.8-2.8-metralis; ramulis juvenilibus pilis stellatis albido-
fulvis tomentoso-vestitis, vetustioribus glabris; stipulis subulatis
5-7 mm. longis stellato-pubescentibus; petiolis 5-15 mm. longis
pilis stellatis albido-fulvis tomentoso-vestitis; laminis oblongo-
lanceolatis vel ovato-oblongis acutis vel acuminatis, basi obtusis
2.5-3.7 cm. longis 1-1.6 cm. latis, basi eglandulosis, integris, supra
cinereo-viridibus pilis depresso-stellatis minutis dense tomentello-
vestitis, subtus albido-cinereis pilis stellatis dense tomentoso-
vestitis, penninerviis, costis secundariis utroque 10-13 subtus
prominentibus adscendentibus subrectis; racemis terminalibus inter
flores foemineos et masculos haud interrupto-nudis subdensifloris
numerosis 3.5-7 cm. longis; bracteis subulatis 4-6 mm. longis; rhachi
pilis stellatis albido-cinereis tomentoso-vestita; floribus foemineis:
pedicellis 1.5-2 mm. longis; calyce 5-partito, laciniis ovatis acutis
3.5-4 mm. longis 2.5 mm. latis dense stellato-pubescentibus; stylis
bis et ultra dichotome divisis, laciniis profunde bipartitis; ovario
stellato-pubescente; floribus masculinis: pedicellis 3-6 mm. longis;
receptaculo masculine piloso; calycis laciniis 5 aequalibus ovatis
acutis 2.5-2.8 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis, pilis stellatis viridi-albidis
dense tomentoso-vestitis; staminibus 16; filamentis 3 mm. longis a
basi usque ad apicem hirtellis; capsulis 6 mm. longis extus stellato-
tomentosis; seminibus (immaturis) laevibus brunneis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on dry rocky
(igneous-metamorphic) chaparral near Quetepe, between kilometers
18-20, east of Cumana, state of Sucre, alt. 30 m., May 23, 1945,
Julian A. Steyermark 62875, "shrub 5-8 feet tall; leaves scented
minty, membranaceous, dull green above, buff green below; flowers
greenish white."
This species is related to C. umbratilis H.B.K., but differs in its
much smaller leares, denser buff-gray pubescence of the lower leaf
surface, denser gray green pubescence of the upper leaf surface, in
the smaller number of lateral nerves of the leaf blades, and in the
larger number of stamens of the staminate flowers.
Croton turumiquirensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 13-16-metralis; ramulis junioribus teretibus pilis longe
stellatis dense brunneo-cinereo-hirsutis; stipulis lanceolatis 6-7 mm.
longis 6.5 mm. latis; petiolis 5-15 cm. longis pilis longe stellatis
dense brunneo-cinereo-hirsutis; laminis membranaceis late triangu-
lari-ovatis vel late ovatis acuminatis, basi cordatis vel subtruncatis,
11-21 cm. longis 6-16 cm. latis, basi glandulireris, glandulis 2
316 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
stipitatis 4-5 mm. longis clavato-cylindricis apice glabris sub-
bilobatis subreniformibus ceterum stellato-tomentellis, inaequaliter
eroso-denticulatis, supra atroviridibus pilis simplicibus bullatis et
stellatis parvis molliter hirsutulo-vestitis, subtus cinereis pilis
stellatis dense molliter pubescentibus, quintuplinerviis, costis
secundariis utroque 8-11; racemis terminalibus densifloris 13-20 cm.
longis; rhachi pilis longe stellatis dense brunneo-cinereo hirsuta;
floribus foemineis subsessilibus: calyce 5-partito, laciniis aequali-
bus ovato-oblongis vel late oblongis obtusis 5 mm. longis 3"3-5 mm.
latis, dense stellato-hirsutis; stylis semel fere ad basin divisis,
laciniis integris; ovario stellato-pubescente; floribus masculinis:
pedicellis ca. 1 mm. longis; receptaculo masculine villoso; calycis
laciniis 4-5 late ovatis subobtusis extus dense longe stellato-
pubescentibus, intus parce pubescentibus; petalis anguste oblongis
vel lineari-oblongis 4 mm. longis 1 mm. latis utrinque et praesertim
marginibus dense villosis; staminibus 35» filamentis 4 mm. longis
fere omnino glabris prope basin pilis paucis excepto; capsulis
maturis ignotis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on north-facing
slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Coco-
liar, state of Sucre, alt. 2100-2200 m., May 5, 1945, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 62532, "tree 40-50 feet tall; leaves membranaceous, dark green
above, gray below; stems and petioles grayish; calyx gray green."
Superficially, the large leaves and pubescence of this species
resemble C. speciosus M. Arg. and C. gossypiifolius M. Arg., but
these species are apparently not closely related. From C. speciosus
this species is amply distinct in the much smaller pistillate calyx,
in the 2-stalked glands at the base of the blade with sub-bilobate
subreniform tips, unlobed leaf blades with a pubescence which is
shorter and more matted on the lower surface, in the finely and ir-
regularly denticulate margins, the more closely flowered inflores-
cence, the styles divided only once, the narrower petals and less
numerous stamens of the staminate flower, and the stipules not
pinnately dissected. From C. gossypiifolius it is at once dis-
tinguished by the stalked instead of sessile patelliform glands at the
base of the leaf-blade and by the type of inflorescence in which the
bracts do not bear staminate and pistillate flowers at the base of the
inflorescence.
Euphorbia Latazi H.B.K., var. glabra Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo differt facibus foliorum utrinque glabris, atque subtus costa
media glabra.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected along road, Moco-
noque, above Mucuruba, state of Merida, alt. 2510 m., April 15, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 55924, "shrub 10 feet tall, with milky sap;
leaves subcoriaceous, deep green above, silvery green below; peti-
oles rose-red; flowers pale green-yellowish."
Local name: "lechero."
The flowers in this collection are apparently the same as in
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 317
typical E. Latazi.
Hieronyma Croizatii Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 18-20-metralis; ramulis dense lepidotis; petiolis 3-4.5 cm.
longis supra canaliculads; laminis subcoriaceis subtus fulvo-
argenteis, late ovalibus vel obovato-ovalibus, apice rotundatis vel
late obtusis, basi rotundatis, 10-16.5 cm. longis 7-10 cm. latis,
utrinque lepidotis, subtus densissime lepidotis atque costa media et
costis pilosis, prominenter reticulato-venosis, costis secundariis
utroque 7-9; racemis foemineis paniculato-ramosis 6-7.5 cm. longis
lepidotis; pedicellis foemineis validis angulosis lepidotis, fructige-
ris 3-3.5 mm. longis; bracteis late triangulari-ovatis acutis 1-1.5
mm. longis; calyce foemineo minute 5-denticulato extus crebre lepi-
doto subcoriaceo; fructu pallido-viridi elliptico-pyriformi acuminato
11-12 mm. longo prope medium 8-9 mm. lato glabro.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. \ms., collected in rich woods, east
of El Junquito, Distrlto Federal, alt. 1980-2130 m., June 25, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 57005, "tree 60 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous,
dull green above, silvery buff below; fruit pale green, 1-seeded,
fleshy on outside; rachis dull pale green."
This species differs from H. macrocarpa (M. Arg.) Pax & Hoffm. of
Ecuador in having larger and broader elliptic-ovate leaf blades, which
are rounded at the base, main nerves on the lower leaf surface pilose
instead of glabrous, and longer petioles. It has the large fruit of H.
macrocarpa, but the leaf pubescence of H. Moritziana var. Fendleri
(Briq.) Pax & Hoffm., which has smaller fruit and leaves.
Phyllanthus bolivarensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1-1.8 m. altus; ramulis gracilibus teretibus glabris; foliis
firme membranaceis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis apice obtusis vel
rotundatis basi obtusis 2-4.7 cm. longis 1-2.2 cm. latis glabris
reticulato-venosis penninerviis, costis secundariis utroque 5-7,
supra atroviridibus subtus argentei^; petiolis 3-4.5 mm. longis gla-
bris; floribus ignotis; pedicellis fructiferis filiformibus tenuibus
11-13 mm. longis glabris; capsulis 5.5 mm. altis 6 mm. diam. glabris.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in woods 1-10 kms.
northwest of Upata, on road to San Felix, between Upata and Alta-
gracia, state of Bolfvar, alt. 700 m., July 31-August 1, 1944, Julian
A. Steyermark 57688, "one of dominant shrubs in understory; shrub
3-5 feet tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, deep dark green and
shining above, silvery below."
This species is related to P. adiantoides Klotzsch, but differs in
the smaller leaf blades silvery on the lower surface and in the longer
petioles. It somewhat resembles P . lacteus M. Arg., but has larger
leaves which lack the peculiar whitish veining of the lower leaf
surface of that species.
Phyllanthus Croizatii Steyermark, sp. nov.
Planta herbacea 3-6 cm; alta; caulibus erectis solitariis simplici-
bus gracilibus superne patentibus vel recurvatis 0.3-0.4 mm. diara.
318 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
substriatulatis supra striatulas lineolis minute puberulis munitis
supra medium foliosis; stipulis dimorphis inferioribus triangulari-
lanceolatis apice longe acuminatis basi lobis acutis subdenticulatis
profunde cordatis 2-2.3 mm. longis; foliis dimorphis membranaceis
confertis erecto-adscendentibus subtus lilacinis cuneato-obovatis
apice truncatis vel rotundatis apiculatis basi subinaequaliteralibus
anguste cuneatis 6-17 mm. longis 3~10 mm. latis, margin! bus minute
ciliolatis, ceterum glabris, costis secundariis utrinque 4; petiolis
0.6-1 mm. longis; floribus minutis monoicis; floribus foemineis:
pedicellis 0.25~0.3 mm. longis; bracteis triangulari-lanceolatis longe
acuminatis 0.9 mm. longis; calyce 6-partito, laciniis lineari-oblongis
apice obtusis vel apiculatis 0.8 mm. longis 0.3 mm. latis, subintegris
vel minute parce denticulatis, longitudina liter uninervatis; ovario
ruguloso; floribus masculis: calyce 5 -parti to, laciniis late oblongis
apice rotundatis 0.5 mm. longis 0.2-0.3 mm. latis, marginibus minute
parce denticulatis; staminibus 5, columna staminali 0.2-0.3 mm.
longa.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in level rainforest
near Taria, state of Yaracuy, alt. 75 m., May 29, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 56854, "leaves pale lavender below."
This species is well marked by the dimorphous stipules and leaves
which are relatively large for the small size of the plant, by the
shape of the leaves, and by the very small flowers.
Phyllanthus larensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 6.8-8.3-metralis; ramulis ultimis 3.5-8 cm. longis glabris;
stipulis triangularibus acuminatis 1.5 mm. longis; foliis membrana-
ceis ovatis vel suborbicularibus apice acutis vel rotundatis, basi
obtusis vel rotundatis, 1-6.5 cm. longis 1.2-3.6 cm. latis, glabris,
subtus pallide cinereo-viridibus, costis secundariis utroque 5-6
tenuibus; petiolis gracilibus 2-3 mm. longis glabris; floribus mascu-
lis non ignotis; floribus foemineis: pedicellis 1.5-2 cm. longis
gracillimis; calyce 6-partito, laciniis anguste oblongis apice obtusis
vel rotundatis, 1.5 mm. longis ca. 1 mm. latis glabris; columna
stylari fructigera persistente; capsulis 5-5.5 mm. longis 3.5 mm.
latis glabris, exocarpio fusco reticulate; seminibus 3 mm. longis
2.2 mm. latis brunneis nitidis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on dry chaparral
between Trujillo-Lara boundary and Carora, state of Lara, alt. 305
m., May 28, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56813, "small tree 20-25 feet
tall; leaves membranaceous, dull green above, pale gray green
below; fruit pendent, pale green."
This species is related, perhaps, to P. adenophyllus M. Arg.
because of the persistent columella. It resembles P. biantherifer
Croizat of Brazil from which it differs in the longer petiolate leaves.
Phyllanthus majus Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1-2.8 m. alms; ramulis dense foliosis nigrescentibus gla-
bratis; foliis firme membranaceis vel subcoriaceis cuneato-obcordatis
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 319
centmxi
\
Illl Illl
en
1
imlini
n
9
Illl
4
Illl Illl
Illlllllll
FIGURE 58
Phyllanthus majus
A, Habit of staminate flowering branch (X 1); B, One of the inner
perianth segments of staminate flower (X 8); C, Fertile stamen
detached, staminate flower (X 10).
320 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
vel late obovatis, apice emarginatis vel rotundatis, basi acutis basin
versus sensira angustatis, 9-20 mm. longis 8-17 mm. latis revolutis
glabris, supra atroviridibus, subtus cinereo-argenteis ve argenteo-
viridibus, costis secundariis utroque 4-6 prommuhs; petiolis 1-2 mm.
loneis elabris; floribus masculis: calyce salmoneo-rubro vel cinnaba-
rino vfl viridi suffuse 6-Partito, laciniis interionbus subovato-
oblongis vel ovoideis apice rotundatis basi foveolatis 3.25 mm.
loneis 2 mm. latis, exterioribus oblongis apice rotundatis 3.25 mm.
longis 1.5 mm. latis; staminibus fertilibus 3, 2.25 mm. longis; fila-
mentis ligulatis 1.2 mm. longis 0.5 mm. latis; antheris introrsis
basifixis 1.1 mm. longis, apice acute mucronatis; floribus foeroineis.
pedicellis fructiferis 0.5-1.5 mm. longis; calyce 6-partito, laciniis
interioribus late ovatis apice rotundatis 2 mm longis 1.75 mm latis,
exterioribus ovatis apice rotundatis 2 mm. longis 15 mm. latis,
ovar o 3-loculari; ovulis 2 in quoque loculo; stylis nulhs stigmati-
bus 3 inconspicuis; capsulis 6.5-7 mm. diam.; semmibus fulvis
laevibus 3 mm. longis 2 mm. latis (Fig. 58).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on forested south-
facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above Cave
Camp " Ptari-tepui', state of Bolivar, alt. 1810 m., October 29, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 59482, "shrub 3-8 feet tall; leaves firmly mem-
branaceous, deep dark green above, gray silvery below; flowers
nodding; pedicel and perianth vermilion-red or salmon-red.
Also collected in Territorio Federal Amazonas: on moist exposed
cliff face with large bromeliads (Brocchinia TateiJ growing on verti-
cal southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), Cerro Duida, alt. 1520 m., August 26, 1944, Steyer-
mark 58035, "shrub 5-8 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green
above, silvery green below; calyx spreading, ^pale green; corolla
segments pale green suffused with brick-salmon."
Tate 1181 from Auyan-tepm and Tate 447 from Mount Duida, previ-
ously referred to P. vacciniifolius M. Arg., are identical with this
species. The collection of Tate 447 from Duida was considered by
Dr. Gleason as merely a large-leaved type of P. vacciniifolius, but
a careful study of recent collections made by the present author
reveals several good differences between this new species and
P. vacciniifolius. These differences are as follows: the staminate
flowers are larger and the pistillate segments broader in P. ma jus
than in P. vacciniifolius; the fruiting peduncles in P. ma/us are
much shorter, measuring 0.5-1.5 mm. long, whereas in P. vaccinii-
folius they are up to 3 mm. long, more filiform, and decidely clayate;
the leaves in P. majus are larger, firmer, and more coriaceous in P.
majus; the leaf-blades are more prominently nerved in P. majus and
are narrowed to a subdecurrent base, the petiole being short and
thick, whereas in P. vacciniifolius the blade is narrowed to a more
slender petiole without being decurrent; and in P. vacciniifolius the
leaf blades are proportionately broader in the upper half than in P.
majus. Furthermore, the twigs are thicker in P. majus and have a
denser foliose appearance, and are not elongated-arcuate as in P.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 321
vacciniifolius. The upper surface of the mature leaf blades in P.
ma/us has a grayish caste.
Phyllanthus orinocensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 3.3 m. altus; ramulis ultimis gracilibus glabris; foliis mem-
branaceis subtus argenteis elliptico-ovatis apice acuminatis basi
acutis vel subacutis 1.8-4 cm. longis 1-2 cm. latis glabris, costis
secundariis utroque 6-8 prominentibus adscendenti-patentibus; peti-
olis gracilibus 5-10 mm. longis glabris.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between Sabana
Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro
Duida, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 210 m., August 23, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 57891, "shrub 4 feet tall; leaves membrana-
ceous, silvery below, dull green above."
Although the type collection is sterile, the species is well marked
by the slender filiform branches, slender petioles, acuminate leaves,
and conspicuous lateral nerves on both leaf surfaces. From P.
lacteus M. Arg. it may be distinguished by lacking the white papil-
late venation of the lower leaf surface peculiar to that species.
Phyllanthus zanthoxyloides Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.3-1.6 m. altus; ramulis pilis brevibus densis ochroleucis
vestitis; stipulis lanceolatis acuminatis 2-4 mm. longis; foliis dis-
tichis subcoriaceis lanceolato- vel ovato-ellipticis apice plerumque
acuminatis basi obtusis vel subacutis 5.5-H cm. longis 2-4.5 cm.
latis, utrinque granulis sessilibus minutissimis albis munitis, cete-
rum glabris, costis secundariis utroque latere 6-7 anastomosantibus;
petiolis 2-5 mm. longis granulis sessilibus minutissimis munitis;
floribus monoicis longe pedicellatis; floribus masculis: pedicellis
floriferis ca. 2 mm. longis; calyce 5-partito, laciniis late ovatis vel
ovato-oblongis 1.5 rnm. longis 1.2-1.3 mm. latis obtusis glabris;
disco annular!; staminibus 3; filamentis brevibus 0.5 mm. longis;
antheris subgloboso-oblongis 0.5 mm. longis floribus foemineis sub-
solitariis: pedicellis floriferis 6-9 mm. longis, fructiferis 17-25 mm.
longis; calyce 6-partito, laciniis ovato-oblongis vel oblongis apice
obtusis vel rotundatis vel acuminatis 2-2.1 mm. longis 1.5-1.75 mm.
latis; disco annulari; stylis 3, semel dichotome divisis, laciniis ca.
0.5 mm. longis; ovario subdepresso-globoso subsexanguloso 1.9 mm.
diam.; ovulis 2 in quoque latere; columella fructigera persistenti;
capsulis 7-8 mm. longis, extus fuscis granuloso-maculatis munitis;
seminibus pallide brunneis 4 mm. longis 3 mm. latis laevibus glabris.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in Montana de Agua-
cate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast
of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, state of Monagas,
alt. 600-900 m., April 19, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62189, "shrub
4-5 feet tall; fruit pendent, turning rose; leaves subcoriaceous, dark
green above, dull green below; perianth pale green within with dull
red at base."
Local name: "corallito."
322 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
The subpinnate arrangement and appearance of the le .fy branches
is reminiscent of some species of Zanihoxylum. This species some-
what resembles P. nobilis M. Arg., but differs in the much longer
fruiting pedicels, smaller fruits, monoecious flowers, subpinnate
leaf arrangement, and differently nerved and shaped leaves. It
appears to be closely related to P. cladotrichus M. Arg. of Brazil,
from which it differs in the longer petioles, broader leaf blades with
more prominently veined lower surface, longer fruiting pedicels, 3
stamens with free filaments above, calyx lobes not white-margined,
straighter and less zigzag branches, which are densely covered with
fine grayish-brown excrescences instead of dark red ones as de-
scribed in P. cladotrichus.
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex culmenicola Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1-metralis; ramulis junioribus rugulosis glabris; foliis
petiolatis, petiolis rugulosis 4-5 mm. longis 2 mm. diam. glabris;
laminis coriaceis apice obtusis mucronatis basin versus angustatis,
3-4.5 cm. longis 1.5-2.5 cm. latis, glabris epunctatis, marginibus
integerrimis revolutis vel subrevolutis, nervis lateralibus utroque 5
divaricate adscendentibus simplicibus vel prope marginem dichoto-
mis supra prominente graciliter sulcatis; floribus masculis ignotis;
pedunculo foemineo solitario 12 mm. longo glabro; calycis foerainei
dentibus 5 late suborbiculari-triangularibus apice subito obtuse
acuminatis sub anthesi 1.5 mm. longis 2-3 mm. latis, sub fructu 2
mm. longis 5 mm. latis, glabris marginibus minute ciliolatis excepto;
drupa hemispherica 8 mm. diam.
Type in herb. N.Y. Bot. Card., photo of type in herb. Chi. Nat.
Hist. Mus., collected on slopes of Ridge 24, summit of Mount Duida,
Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 1830-2000 m., November 26-
December 16, 1928, G. H. H. Tate 424, "3 feet high."
This species is characterized by its epunctate, coriaceous, entire
leaves with lateral nerves prominently sulcate above (at least in the
dried state), non-sulcate and not prominent beneath, and by the one-
flowered pistillate inflorescences. It is related to /. umbellata Kl.,
from which it differs in the smaller leaves, and to /. Sellowii Loes.,
from which it is distinguished by the more coriaceous leaves, in-
conspicuous lateral nerves, and one-flowered pistillate inflorescences.
Ilex Gleasoniana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex; ramulis atque apicibus ramulorum minute puberulis; foliis
petiolatis, petiolis rugulosis supra sulcatis 3*5 ram. longis ca. 1 mm.
diam. glabris; laminis obovato-oblongis apice rotundatis breviter
mucronatis basin versus angustatis 2-3.2 cm. longis 8-13 ram. latis
glabris costa media supra per sulcum minutissime puberulis excepto
punctatis vel obscure punctatis, marginibus integerrimis subrevolu-
tis, nervis lateralibus obsoletis vel utroque 5 obscuris, costa media
supra sulcata subtus prominente; floribus masculis axillaribus soli-
tariis; pedicellis 2.5-5 mm. longis parce puberulis; calycis dentibus
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 323
5 suborbicularibus apice rotundatis 0.5 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis;
petalis 5 obovato-oblongis apice rotundatis 2.5 mm. longis 1.6-1.7
mm. latis glabris; filamentis basi dilatatis 1 mm. longis glabris;
antheris 1 mm. longis; ovario glabro.
Type in herb. N.Y. Bot. Card., photo of type in herb. Chi. Nat.
Hist. Mus., collected near summit of Ridge 25, summit of Mount
Duida, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 2000 m., November 26-
December 16, 1928, G.H.H. Tate 526,"a bush!"
From /. apicidens N. E. Brown of Mount Roraima, to which it may
be related, this species differs in the completely entire narrower
blades with non-sulcate lateral nerves on the upper surface.
Ilex karuaiana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 8-13-metralis; ramulis glabris, novellis sulcatis; foliis
petiolatis, petiolis supra canaliculatis 5-7 mm. longis glabris;
laminis firme membranaceis vel subcoriaceis ovato- vel lanceolato-
ellipticis apice acute acuminatis vel subcuspidatis cuneatis vel
subito subacutis in petiolum decurrentibus 5-9 cm. longis 1.4-4 cm.
latis glabris parce atque obscure punctatis vel epunctatis, margini-
bus remote adpresso-serrulatis, nervis lateralibus utroque 5-6 subtus
subprominulis anas tomosanti bus, costa media supra sulcata subtus
prominente; floribus masculis bene evolutis in axillis foliorum
fasciculatis semel vel bis dichotome furcatis 5-12-floris subumbella-
tis; pedunculis 1-2 cm. longis; pedicellis 2.5-4 mm. longis minute
puberulentibus; floribus 4-nervis; calycis dentibus suborbicularibus
apice rotundatis 1 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis, integerrimis vel irregu-
lariter denticulatis ciliolatis; petalis basi connatis, tubo corollae 1
mm. longo, lobis suborbicularibus apice rotundatis 1.2-1.5 mm. longis
2 mm. latis; staminibus 4, filamentis 1.1-1.2 mm. longis glabris in-
ferne incrassatis 0.5 mm. supra basin tubi corollae adnatis; antheris
suborbicularibus 0.8 mm. longis; floribus foemineis ignotis; peduncu-
lis foemineis sub fructu 8-15 mm. longis; drupa subhemispherica
4.5 mm. diam.
Type (staminate plant) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in
dense forest at base of Ptari-tepui' along Rio Karuai, state of Bo-
livar, alt. 1220 m., November 27, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60660,
"tree 40 feet tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, deep green above,
pale green below; flowers greenish-yellow."
Cotype collections (pistillate) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., all
from the state of Bolivar, are: by first small ridge, lower south-
facing slopes, Ptari-tepui', between Rio Karuai and first ridge above
Rib Karuai, alt. 1220 m., November 28, 1944, Steyermark 60669,
"tree 25 feet tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, deep green above,
dull green below; fruit dull green with dull lavender;" wooded slopes
of Quebrada 0-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and
Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., November
20-21, 1944, Steyermark 60370, "tree 30 feet tall; leaves subcori-
aceous, deep green above, dull green below; fruit dull pale green and
shining."
324 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Local name: "tarebi-yek."
This species differs from /. brevicuspis Reiss. of Brazil in having
5-6 instead of 6-9 lateral nerves which are more prominently de-
veloped and anastomosing on the lower leaf surface, leaf margins
minutely appressed-serrulate from base to apex, rounded instead of
triangular-acute tips of the calyx lobes of the staminate flowers,
and shorter and broader staminate calyx lobes.
Ilex nervosa Triana, var. glabrata Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo differt plerumque laminis foliorum subtus glabris; floris
foemineis 5-meris; pedicellis 2.5-2.75 mm. longis glabris; calyce
dentibus late triangularibus apice subacutis 1 mm. longis 1.25 mm.
latis; petalis basi paullo 0.1 mm. connatis, lobis late oblongis apice
rotundatis 2 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis; staminibus 5, filamentis
1.3 mm. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on rich steep
northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla,"
above Tabay, state of Merida, alt. 2285-2745 m., Julian A. Steyermark
56653, "tree 40 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dark green above, dull
paler green below, rugose-areolation above; corolla white, lobes
inrolled; ovary pale green; calyx and pedicel pale buff-green."
Also collected from same locality by Gehriger, no. 483.
Local name: "jagua negro."
This variety differs from typical /. nervosa in the leaf blades
which are glabrous on the lower surface. From /. truxillensis Turcz.
it may be distinguished by the different shape of the leaf blade with
entire to subentire margins, epunctate lower leaf surface, and
fascicled pistillate flowers.
Ilex ptariana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor 6.5-13-metralis; ramulis glabris, novellis sulcatis;
foliis petiolatis, petiolis 6-10 mm. longis glabris; laminis coriaceis
vel subcoriaceis subtus argenteo-viridibus obovato- vel elliptico-
oblongis apice rotundatis vel obtusis mucronatis basin versus an-
gustatis subacutis vel obtusis 4-9 cm. longis 2-5 cm. latis glabris
subtus epunctatis, marginibus integerrimis subrevolutis, nervis
lateralibus utroque 7-8 fere angulo recto patentibus in novellis
obsoletis, costa media subtus prominente; inflorescentia masculina
in axillis foliorum fasciculata vel ad ligni novelli basin congesta
multiflora longe pedunculata, pedunculis usque bracteis 1.5 mm.
longis pluridentatis vel laciniatis; calycis dentibus 4 vel 6 sub-
orbicularibus apice rotundatis 1.5 mm. longis 2.5 mm. latis glabris;
petalis 6-7 basi leviter connatis, tubo 0.3 mm. longo, lobis obovato-
oblongis apice late rotundatis 4.2-4.5 mm. longis 3.3 mm. latis in
medio paullo incrassatis; staminibus 6-7, filamentis basi dilatatis
glabris, 4 eorum 2.5 mm. longis, duobus minoribus 0.75 mm. longis;
antheris late oblongis 1.5 mm. longis 1 mm. latis; floribus foemineis
solitariis: pedicellis adscendentibus 16-28 mm. longis, 9-11 supra
basin plerumque minute bi-bracteatis, bracteis late ovatis; bracteis
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA- II 325
e basi pedicellorum late ovatis ad 2 mm. longis; calycis lobis 5 late
suborbiculari-ovatis apice obtusis 2.5-3 mm. longis 2.5-3 mm. latis,
glabris, marginibus vetustioribus paullo irregulanter erosis; stigmati-
bus discoideis ad 2 mm. longis (Figs. 59 and 60).
Type (staminate) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on dense-
ly forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between
''Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, Ptari-tepui, state
of Bolivar, alt. 2285-2405 m., October 30, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
59574 "shrub 20 feet tall; leaves ascending, coriaceous, deep green
and shining above and silvery green below, subrevplute; pedicels
and calyx pale green; corolla lobes 7, spreading, white, 4 mm. long
and 4 mm. broad; filaments 7, white; anthers pale brown;
ovary yellow."
Cotype (pistillate) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on
steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on
south-facing part, east of "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepui, state of Bolivar,
alt 2130 m., November 4, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59829, tree
30-40 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous-subrevolute below, rich green
above silvery green below, subhorizontal to ascending; pedicels
spreading horizontally, pale green; calyx pale green; young fruit or
ovary dull purple or dull green suffused with dull lavender; stigma
pale green."
This species is distinguished by the long pistillate peduncles
large calyx and corolla, rounded tips of the leaves, and horizontally
spreading lateral nerves which do not anastomose on the lower sur-
face of the leaf blades.
From /. Jenmanii Loes. this species differs in the rounded leaf
tip fewer pairs of lateral nerves which are not connected by anasto-
mosing veinlets, larger staminate calyx and corolla, longer staminate
pedicels and less branched staminate inflorescence. From /. gui-
Inensis (Aubl.) O. Kuntze it differs in having larger staminate
flowers longer staminate peduncles, leaves with longer petioles,
and mo e horizontally spreading lateral nerves farther spaced from
one another and not anastomosing between the lateral nerves.
From the closely related /. integerrima (Veil.) Reiss. of -Brazil ^t
differs in its longer staminate peduncles of varying lengths, larger
staminate calyx* wider staminate petals, and more [ honzontal y
horizontaUy spreading lateral nerves which are less anastomosing.
In the present species the leaves of the pistillate plants are
narrower than those of the staminate specimen.
Ilex stenophylla Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 2.8-3.8-metralis; ramulis dense minute puberulis; foliis
breviter petiolatis vel subsessilibus, petiolis 2.5-3 mm. longis
minute Duberulis: laminis coriaceis anguste oblanceolatis vel
326 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
FIGURE 59
Ilex ptariana
Habit of staminate flowering branch.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 327
FIGURE 60
Ilex ptariana
Habit of pistillate flowering branch.
328 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
anguste oblanceolatoellipticis apice rotundatis vel obtusis basi
acutis 2-4.5 cm. longis 8-15 mm. latis glabris subtus punctatis,
marginibus crenulato-serrulatis, nervis lateral! bus utroque 5'6 anas-
tomosantibus subtus subprominulis; inflorescentia masculina in
axillis foliorum semel vel bis dichotome 7-12-floris suburabellatis,
pedunculis 6-7 mm. longis minute puberulentibus, pedicellis 1-2 mm.
longis minute puberulis; bracteis triangular ibus acutis 0.6-0.7 mm.
longis minute puberulis; calyce 4-lobato, tubo 1.5 mm. longo 1.5 mm.
lato parce minute puberulente, lobis suborbicularibus apice rotunda-
tis 0.4 mm. longis 1.3 mm. latis, ciliolatis, extus parce puberulenti-
bus; petalis 4 basi connatis, tubo 1 mm. longo, lobis late oblongis
vel suborbiculari-oblongis apice rotundatis 1.6 mm. longis 1.5 mm.
latis, trinerviis; staminibus 4, filamentis 0.7 mm. longis glabris ad
basin segmentorum corollae insertis; antheris suborbiculari-oblongis
0.7 mm. longis 0.6 mm. latis; ovario 0.5 nun. alto 0.7 mm. lato; stylo
0.6 mm. longo.
Type (staminate plant) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on
moist exposed cliff face with large bromeliad, southeastern-facing
sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), Cerro
Duida, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 1095-1520 rn., August 26,
1944, Julian A. Steyermark 58038, "shrub 5-8 feet tall; leaves cori-
aceous, deep green above, dull green below; corolla white; calyx and
pedicel green."
This species simulates 7. dumosa Reiss., /. af finis Gardn., /.
chamaedry folia Warm., I.amara (Veil.) Loes., and /. oligoneura Loes.
From /. dumosa it differs in its punctate leaves, more densely pu-
bescent stems, and smaller corolla. From /. chamaedry folia it differs
in the pubescent stems and pedicels. From /. oligoneura, I. amara,
and /. affinis it differs in leaf shape, pubescence, and type of
inflorescence.
Ilex subrotundifolia Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.3-2.8 m. altus; ramulis glabris, junioribus sulcatis; foliis
petiolatis, petiolis 4-5 mm. longis 2.5-3 mm. latis glabris; laminis
conaceis subtus pallido-viridibus, suborbicularibus apice rotundatis
vel truncatis 2-6 cm. longis 2-5.8 cm. latis glabris minute punctula-
tis, marginibus integerrimis revolutis, nervis lateralibus utroque 3-7,
plerumque 4-5, patento-subadscendentibus subtus prominulis vel
inconspicuis supra subprominulis in novellis subobsoletis, costa
media subtus prominente; inflorescentia foeminea solitaria in axillis
foliorum; pedicellis foemineis 1-3.5 mm. longis glabris; calycis
dentibus 4 triangulari-suborbicularibus obtusis vel subito subacumi-
natis sub anthesi 1-1.5 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis sub fructu ad 4
mm. latis ciliolatis; petalis basi leviter connatis, tubo 0.7-0.8 mm.
longo, lobis late oblongis apice rotundatis 2.2 mm. longis 1 mm.
latis; filamentis 0.7 mm. longis 0.7 mm. supra basin tubi corollae
adnatis; drupa globulari 4 ram. alto 4 mm. diam. (immatura) (Fig. 6l).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in dry rocky thickets
on uneven ground, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 329
FIGURE 61
Ilex subrotundifolia
Habit of pistillate flowering branch.
330 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
de Kavanayen, northwest to Ri'o Karuai, state of Bolivar, on large
mesa, alt. 1220 m., October 26, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59394,
"shrub 4-5 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, rich green above, pale green
below; petals white; calyx pale green."
Ilex Tateana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 2.8-3.3-metralis; ramulis glabris sulcatis vel striatis; foliis
petiolatis, petiolis rugiilosis 6-9 mm. longis 4 mm. latis glabris;
laminis coriaceis elliptico-oblongis apice rotundatis basi obtusis
sensim angustatis 13-18 cm. longis 4.5-7.5. cm. latis glabris sub-
punctatis vel punctatis, marginibus late obscure crenulatis, nervis
lateralibus utroque 10-13 supra paullo sulcatis subtus prominulis;
inflorescentia masculina in axillis foliorum fasciculata simplice vel
bis dichotoma; pedunculis 2-5-floris brevibus ad 4-5 mm. longis
glabris; pedicellis 1.5-5 mm. longis glabris; floris 4-meris; calycis
dentibus suborbicularibus apice rotundatis 0.7 mm. longis 1.3 mm.
latis glabris, tubo 0.8 mm. longo; petalis obovato-oblongis apice late
rotundatis 3.1 mm. longis 2 mm. latis glabris; staminibus 4, filamen-
tis 2.3 mm. longis glabris; antheris 1.3 mm. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on southeastern-
facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),
Cerro Duida, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 1095-1520 m., August
26, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 58022, "sprangling shrub 8-10 feet
tall; flowers greenish-white; leaves coriaceous, dark green above,
dull green below; pedicels pale green."
Also collected on slopes of Ridge 25> summit of Cerro Duida, alt.
2750-3000 m., Tate 424 (herb. N.Y. Bot. Card.).
This species is characterized by the punctate, large, remotely
subcrenulate leaf blades with rounded apices and short petioles, and
by the fasciculate flower clusters which have simple to once or
twice-branched peduncles. From I. Pierreana Loes. of Brazil this
species differs in the leaf-blades less reticulate on their lower
surface, smaller petals, shorter petioles and punctate leaves. From
/. laurina H.B.K. of the Andes it differs in the rounded tip of the leaf
blade, and a different type of crenation as well as a different in-
florescence. From /. affinis Gardn. it differs in the punctate leaves
and smaller petals, while from /. paraguariensis St. Hil. it may be
distinguished by the punctate, less crenulate leaves.
Ilex venezuelensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 2.8-metralis; ramulis dense puberulis; foliis petiolatis,
petiolis 3-4 mm. longis dense puberulentibus; laminis coriaceis supra
atroviridibus anguste oblongis vel anguste elliptico-oblongis apice
obtusis vel rotundatis subito mucronatis vel abrupte breviter cuspi-
datis basi obtusis 1.5-2.9 cm. longis 0.6-1 cm. latis glabris subtus
subpunctatis vel brunneo-punctatis, marginibus integerrimis revolu-
tis, nervis lateralibus utroque 4-5 adscendentibus subtus paullo
prominulis supra obsoletis, costa media supra valde sulcata; in-
florescentia foeminea in axillis foliorum solitaria; pedicellis 7-13
mm. longis solitariis puberulentibus; floribus foemineis 4-meris;
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 331
FIGURE 62
Ilex v enezuelens is
Habit of pistillate flowering branch (X 1).
332 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
calycis tube 1 mm. alto 2 mm. lato puberulenti; calycis dentibus 1
mm. longis extus dense puberulis late deltoideis apice subito in
acumen oblongum obtusiusculum prolongatis; petalis liberis vel fere
liberis oblongis obtusis 2.5 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis; staminibus 4
basi petalorum insertis, filamentis dimidio inferior! dilatatis 1.1-1.2
mm. longis glabris; antheris suborbicularibus 0.5 mm. longis 0.5 mm.
latis; ovario subhemisphaerico 1 mm. alto 1.5 mm. lato glabro; stig-
mate depresso-capitato 1 mm. diam. (Fig. 62).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on high moist ridge
top, summit of Cerro Duida, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 1820-
2075 m., September 4, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 58340, "shrub 5
feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dark green above, dull green below."
This species differs from /. chamaedry folia Reiss. of Brazil in the
entire leaves, densely puberulent stems and pedicels, the rather
elongated pedicels, and the free or almost free petals. From 7.
vacciniifolia Kl. it may be distinguished by the pubescent stems and
pedicels, solitary pistillate flowers, and pubescent pistillate calyx,
while from /. asperula Mart, it may be separated by the glabrous
lower leaf surface and details of the flower.
Ilex vesparum Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor 2.8-10-metralis; ramulis glabris, novellis sulcatis
nigrescentibus; foliis longe petiolatis, petiolis 11-30 mm. longis
supra canaliculatis glabris; laminis coriaceis vel subcoriaceis late
ovatis apice plerumque subito acuminatis vel cuspidatis, acumine
3-6 mm. longo acuto vel subacuto, basi rotundatis, 3.5-11.5 cm.
longis 1.7-6 cm. latis glabris subtus minute punctulis minutissimis
dense obtectis, marginibus integerrimis vel obscure remote adpresso-
serrulatis, nervis lateralibus utroque 8-14 utrinque prominentibus
patenti-adscendentibus anastomosantibus subtus grosse reticulatis,
costa media subtus prominente; inflorescentia in axillis foliorum;
inflorescentia masculina fasciculata longe pedunculata, 7-floris
floribus umbellatis; pedunculis 1.5-2.5 cm. longis glabris; pedicellis
4-5 mm. longis glabris; floribus masculinis 5'6-meris; calycis lobis
4-6 subaequalibus, tribus ceteris paullo majoribus, late ovatis vel
suborbicularibus obtusis vel acuminatis vel rotundatis 1-1.5 mm.
longis 0.75-1.5 mm. latis glabris integerrimis vel dimidio superiori
paullo irregulariter denticulatis; petalis basi connatis, tubo 0.4 mm.
longo, lobis late oblongis apice rotundatis 3 ninu longis 2.4-2.5 mm.
latis; staminibus 5-6, filamentis basi dilatatis prope basin tubi
corollae insertis 1.8-2 mm. longis; antheris late oblongis 1.5 mm.
longis; pistillodio 1 mm. alto 1.5 mm. diam.; inflorescentia foeminea
solitaria vel umbellata 3-flora, pedunculis fructiferis 1.3-1.4 cm.
longis glabris; pedicellis fructiferis 7-11 mm. longis glabris; bracteis
late triangularibus acutis glabris sub medio pedicelli insertis;
calycis dentibus 6 late ovatis vel triangulari-subrotundatis apice
subito acuminatis 1-1.2 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis (Fig. 63)«
Type (staminate plant) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected
among shrubby dwarfed growth along knife-edge crest of ridge leading
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 333
FIGURE 63
Ilex vesparum
Habit of staminate flowering branch (X 1).
334 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
to summit, Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,
headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantfn, state of Anzoa-
tegui, alt. 2000-2300 m., March 21, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 61659,
"shrub 10-15 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, deep green above, dull
pale green below; flowers sweet-fragrant; corolla white, spreading;
pedicel and calyx dull green; filaments white; stamens 4-5."
Cotypes (fruiting plants) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected
in cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajari-
tos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rfo Manantiales, east of
BergantYn, state of Anzoa'tegui, alt. 2350 m., March 21, 1945, Steyer-
mark 61681, "fruiting specimen of same as 61659; tree 25^30 feet
tall; common; leaves coriaceous, dark green above, dull green be-
low;" rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, Cerro Turumiquire,
state of Sucre, alt. 2500 m., May 6, 1945, Steyermark 62620, "shrub
5-8 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dull deep green and shining above,
dull pale green below."
The specific name of this species is given because of the abun-
dance of the millions of wasps (Polistes versicolor var. vulgaris
J. Bequaert) which densely covered the trunk, limbs, and branches of
the trees and shrubs inhabiting the cloud forest on the summit of
Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), where the type and cotype
specimens were collected. These wasps were hibernating in this
moist forest during the dry season and were so numerous that their
brown abdomens, crowded close together in their semidormant stage
over the trunks and branches of the trees, gave the appearance of a
luxuriant festoon of moss or leafy liverwort growth suspended from
the bark of the tree.
This species somewhat resembles the West Indian /. montana
(Sw.) Griseb., from which it differs in the combination of having
longer peduncles, broader staminate corolla lobes, umbelliform in-
florescences, relatively longer petioles, larger leaf blades with more
horizontally spreading lateral nerves, and longer bracts of the
inflorescence.
From /. ] enmanii Loes., which it also resembles, it may be dis-
tinguished by the broadly rounded or subcordate base of the leaf
blade, more elongated acuminate apex, 5-6- instead of 4-merous
flowers, gamopetalous corolla with larger corolla lobes of the stami-
nate flower, acuminate-tipped larger staminate calyx lobes, and
longer pedicels of the umbelliform staminate inflorescences.
CELASTRACEAE
Maytenus apiculata Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 13-metralis; ramulis glabris; petiolis anguste decurrentibus
supra canaliculatis, 6-10 mm. longis, glabris; laminis subcoriaceis
elliptico-oblongis apice subacutis vel subobtusis, basi obtusis vel
subacutis, 7-13.5 cm. longis, 3-6 cm. latis, glabris, margine inte-
gerrimo, nervis lateralibus utroque 10-14 arcuato-adscendentibus
prope margines 3*7 mm. anastomosantibus, costa media utrinque
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 335
Mill
3
Inn
4 5
FIGURE 64
Maytenus apiculata
A, Fruit with pedicel (X 5); B, Leaf (X 1).
336
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
FIGURE 65
Maytenus coriacea
A, Habit of fruiting branch (X 2/3); B, Seed (X4.5).
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 337
prominente; inflorescentiis axillaribus 5-6 glomerulatis; pedicellis
fructiferis 0.5-1 cm. longis glabris; calycis laciniis late suborbicu-
laribus apice late rotundatis 0.7 mm. longis 1 mm. latis glabris,
marginibus fusco-subfimbriatis excepto; antheris suborbiculari-
ovatis, apice rotundatis 0.2-0.3 mm. longis; filamentis 0.7 mm.
longis basi dilatatis; ovario conoideo superne angustato; fructibus
obovato- vel ovato-ellipticis superne 1.5-2 mm. rostratis basi subito
attenuatis acutis, 1-1.5 cm. longis 0.6-0.9 cm. latis, glabris; semine
1 (Fig. 64.)
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on wooded slopes of
Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de ^Kavanayen and Rio
Pacairao (tributary of Rib Mouak), state of Bolivar, alt. 1065-1220
m., November 20-21, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60385, "tree 40 feet
tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above, dull green below;
fruit dull green."
This species is apparently closely related to M. guianensis Kl.,
from which it is immediately distinguished by the ovate- or pbovate-
elliptic fruits which are narrowed at the base and conspicuously
apiculate or rostrate.
Maytenus coriacea Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex ad 3-5-metralis; ramulis erecto-adscendentibus superne
aggregato-verticillatis teretibus glabris; petiolis 5-10 mm. longis
glabris; laminis coriaceis subtus pallido-viridibus oblongo- vel
elliptico-lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis apice obtusis basi cuneatis
5-12 cm. longis 1-3.5 cm. latis glabris, marginibus utroque grosse
12-15 crenato-serratis, costa media utrinque prominente praecipue
subtus, nervis lateralibus utroque 5"6 supra obsoletis subtus promi-
nulis valde adscendentibus; inflorescentiis axillaribus 1-5-floris;
pedunculis fructiferis 7-20 mm. longis glabris; bracteis ovato-
triangularibus 0.8-1 mm. longis, marginibus gland ulari-fimbriatis vel
erosis; pedicellis fructiferis 7 mm. longis glabris; calycis laciniis
fructiferis late suborbicularibus apice late rotundatis sub fructu
0.8-1 mm. longis 0.8-1.2 mm. latis, marginibus valde fusco-fimbriatis;
capsulis late turbinatis obtuse trigonis trisulcatis trilocularibus;
valvulis patentibus extus pallido-viridibus transverse rugulosis intus
atrosanguineis 7-8 mm. longis 6-7 mm. latis glabris; seminibus soli-
tariis obovatis 5.5-6 mm. longis 3-2-3.6 mm. latis, arillo carnoso
aurantiaco (Fig. 65).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected above El Molino,
between El Molino and El Quebradon, state of Merida, alt. 2010-2135
m., May 14, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56509, "shrub 10 feet tall;
leaves coriaceous, dark green above, pale green beneath; fruit pale
green with fleshy orange aril."
This species is related to M. verticillata (R. & P.) DC., from
which it is distinguished by the larger, more coriaceous leaves
obtuse at the apex, with coarsely crenate-serrate margins, longer
fruiting peduncles and pedicels, larger valves of the fruit, and slight-
ly larger seeds. In M. coriacea the nerves on the upper leaf surface
338 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
are practically obsolete, but more or less prominent on the lower
surface, whereas in M. verticillata the nerves on both leaf surfaces
are evident.
May ton us guianensis Kl., forma crenulata Steyermark, f. nov.
A typo differt marginibus foliorum conspicue crenulatis vel
crenatis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in headwaters of Rib
Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro
Negro, east of Bergantfn, state of Anzoategui, alt. 900-1400 m.,
March 23, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 61731, "tree 25 feet tall;
leaves subcoriaceous, deep dark green above, dull paler green be-
low; fruit obovoid, dull green."
Also collected in bamboo woods on ridge top, dryish forested
slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast
of Bergantin, state of Anzoategui, alt. 800-1100 m., February 22,
1945, Steyermark 61109, "tree 30 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous to
firmly membranaceous, deep green above, dull green below; fruit
green, shining."
Local name: "candil."
Typical M. guianensis Kl. has the margins of the leaves entire
or subentire. In forma crenulata the margins of most of the leaves
are distinctly crenulate.
Maytenus parvifolia Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.7-metralis; ramulis tennerrimis striatis glabris; foliis
subcoriaceis subsessilibus in petiolum decurrentibus, subtus
argenteo-viridibus cuneato-obovatis apice rotundatis vel late obtusis
mucronatis basi cuneatis 12-27 mm. longis 6-11 mm. latis glabris,
marginibus supra medium utroque 3'4-crenulatis, nervis lateralibus
adscendentibus utroque 3-4 utrinque paullo prominulis; inflorescen-
tiis axillaribus 1-2-floris; pedunculis fructiferis ca. 1.5 mm. longis
glabris; pedicellis fructiferis 2 mm. longis glabris; calycis laciniis
late ovatis obtusis glabris; capsulis depresso-hemisphaericis tri-
gonis trilorularibus 6-7 mm. latis; valvulis 4-5 mm. longis extus
croceis intus atrosanguineis transverse rugulosis; seminibus soli-
tariis elliptico-oblongis 5 mm. longis 2.5 mm. latis, arillo carnoso.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on dry slopes near
timber line on trail between Pinango and Las Corales, state of
Merida, alt. 3333 m., March 30, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 55832,
"shrub 5 feet tall; fruit dull orange, globose; leaves silvery green
below, deep green above, subcoriaceous."
This species is related to M. confertus (R. & P.) Reiss., from
which it differs in leaf shape, crenulate margins, glabrity throughout,
and smaller capsules with thinner valves.
Maytenus Pittieriana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 2-8-metralis; ramulis juvenilibus tegragonis vel subtetra-
gonis dense puberulentibus; ramis vetustioribus cinerascentibus
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 339
FIGURE 66
Maytenus Pittieriana
Habit of flowering branch (XI).
340 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
glabris demum glabris; petiolis supra canaliculatis 1.5-2.5 mm.
longis glabris; laminis firme membranaceis vel subchartaceis ellip-
ticis vel elliptico-lanceolatis apice obtuse acuminatis basi acutis
in petiolum subdecurrentibus 3-7 cm. longis 1-2.5 cm. latis, margini-
bus crebre crenulatis, crenaturis utroque 25-30, glabris, costa media
utrinque prominula, nervis lateralibus utroque 7-8 arcuato-adscen-
dentibus; inflorescentiis axillaribus glomerulatis; floribus sub
anthesi flavido- vel pallido-viridibus 2-8 per inflorescentiam, brac-
teis minutis late triangulari-ovatis glandulari-ciliatis vel erosis;
pedicellis 3"4 mm. longis filiformibus glabris; calycis laciniis late
suborbicularibus apice rotundatis 0.8-1 mm. longis 1 mm. latis glab-
ris; petalis oblongo-obovoideis vel oblongo-ovalibus apice rotundatis
2-2.3 mm. longis 1.2-1.6 mm. latis glabris, marginibus obscure erosis;
filamentis 0.3-1 mm. .>ongis glabris; antheris late cordato-ovatis
0.5-0.7 mm. longis; disco carnoso 1.8-2 mm. diametro; ovario in disco
immerso; stylo carnoso 0.2 mm. longo; ovario 2-loc»lare, ovulis
geminatis; capsulis obovatis 10-13 mm. longis conspicue 3"4 mm.
stipitatis flavidis vel flavido-rosaceis, in sicco purpureo-brunneis
bivalvis; valvis 8-10 mm. longis 5-7 mm. latis; seminibus solitariis
obovoideis 7.5-9 mm. longis 5 mm. latis, arillo carnoso albido
(Fig. 66).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in thickets on
slopes above La Guaira, Distrito Federal, alt. 750 m., December,
1939, Llewelyn Williams 13650, "shrub or small tree (2 m. high)."
The following collections, all from Venezuela, may be considered
cotypes; along acequia, Ingomar, Distrito Federal, February, 1935,
H. Pittier 13562; "a small deciduous tree; flowers green; stamens 5-
fruit an ovoid red drupe;" en las faldas interiores de las colinas de
asa, Distrito Federal, January, 1940, F. Tamayo 1215, "arbol de
8m.;" in second growth forest and coffee plantations, Los Mariches,
new road to Santa Lucia, state of Miranda, January 25, 1925, Pittier
11664, tree 10-15 cm. diam., 6-8 m. high; flowers yellowish-green
pentamerous; stamens alternate with sepals; disc large; fruit pyri-
rorm, yellow;" forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, southwest
Bergantm, state of Anzoategui, alt. 500 m., March 14, 1945,
Steyermark 61481, "small tree 20 feet tall; leaves firmly merabra-
naceous, deep green above, pale dull green below; fruit olive green
turning yellow; flowers pale green;" en la selva de galeria de La
iba, Medio Paragua, state of Bolivar, alt. 70 m., March 19, 1940,
Llewelyn Williams 12656, "arbol de 7 m. de altura, con copa angosta;
tronco es derecho, redondo, 15 cm. de diametro; el fruto es axilar,
lehiscente, de color amarillo rosado en su madurez y con arilo
bianco."
This species is closely related to M. tetragonus Griseb. of the
est Indies and to M. evonymoides Reiss. and M. subalata Reiss.
om all of these it may be distinguished by the fruit which is con-
•usly long stipitate, the stipitate portion 3-4 mm. long. In M.
tetragonus the leaves are broader and of a different shape, and the
young branchlets are glabrous, whereas in M. Pittier iana they are
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 341
densely puberulent.
This species includes material cited by Pittier (Pittier 11664)
in his original description of M. floribunda (Notas Dendrol. Ven. i:
2-;3. 1937, in Bol. Soc. Ven. Cien. Nat. 3: 424-425- 1937), but Pittier
did not draw up his description from any fruiting specimens. Inas-
much as the best character for separating this species from M.
tetragonus, with which Pittier showed it had previously been con-
fused, is in the stipitate fruit, a mature fruiting specimen has been
selected as the type of a new species, commemorating the name of
Dr. Pittier. The M. floribunda Pittier, unfortunately, is a later
homonym of M. floribunda Reiss. (Mart. Fl. Bras. 11, Part l: 16.
pi. 4. fig. 3., and pi. 7. 1861.
STAPHYLEACEAE
Turpinia multijuga Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 3.5-5 m. altus; ramulis purpurascentibus, novellis tomen-
tellis; foliis petiolatis patentibus, cum petiolis 11-27 cm. longis;
rhachidibus foliorum 9-21 cm. longis plus minusve hirtellis; petiolis
3-5 cm. longis plus minusve hirtellis vel glabratis; foliolis promi-
nenter rugosis concoloribus plerumque 6-jugis, aliquando 3-jugis,
subsessilibus oblongo-ellipticis 3.5-9.5 cm. longis 1.5-4.5 cm. latis,
apice acutis vel subacuminatis, basi obtusis, costis secundariis
utrinque 6-7 subtus prominentibus e margine 5-8 mm. anastomosanti-
bus, supra sulcatis, supra glabris subtus costa media atque nerviis
secundariis parce puberulis ceterum glabris; petiolulis 1-3 mm.
longis hirtellis; floribus non visis; paniculis terminalibus ramosis
pedunculatis, sub fructu 12-18 cm. longis; pedunculo 4-6 cm. longo
tomentello; ramis ramulisque oppositis tomentellis vel subhirtellis;
pedicellis fructiferis 5-7 mm. longis hirtellis; fructibus subhemi-
sphaericis apice bicuspidatis glabris 8-10 mm. diam.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on Cuesta de Rincon
and Cuesta del Barro, between Canagua and La Ouebrada, on road to
El Molino, state of Merida, alt. 1925-2175 m., May 10, 1944, Julian
A. Steyermark 56455, "shrub 10-15 feet tall; fruit dull green, globu-
lose-depressed; leaves patent-spreading, deep green and rugose
above with sulcate nerves, dull green and rugose below with raised
nerves; stem dull purplish."
This species differs from the common T. heterophylla (R. & P.)
Harms & Loes. and from other known species in the combination of
its mostly 6-paired subsessile or shortly petiolulate rugose leaflets,
and tomentulose stems, petioles, petiolules, rachis of leaves and
fruiting branches. From T. venosa Spruce of Ecuador it differs in
the smaller subsessile leaflets with fewer lateral nerves and shorter
and less abundant pubescence of leaflets.
ICACINACEAE
Emmotum ptarianum Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 8-10-metralis; ramulis novellis cinereo-strigillosis vetusti-
oribus glabris teretibus; petiolis supra canaliculatis 5-12 mm. longis
342
FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
novellis parce vel dense cinereo-strigillosis vetustioribus glabres-
centibus; la minis coriaceis ovatis vel ovato-ellipticis apice longe
acute acuminatis, acumine 8-15 mm. longo, basi obtusis vel sub-
acutis, 4.5-8.5 cm. longis 2-4 cm. latis, costa media supra plerumque
parce strigillosa atque facie inferiori parce remote strigillosa cete-
rum glabris, novellis utrinque leviter strigillosis, costa media supra
sulcata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque 5-9 arcuato-
adscendentibus subtus duobus infimis prominulis, ceteris plerumque
obsoletis; inflorescentia 7-flora, paniculis petiolis brevioribus vel
longioribus 5' 10 mm. longis cinereo-strigillosis; calyce campanulato,
tubo 0.6-1 mm. longo extus cinereo-strigilloso, lobis ovato-lanceo-
latis subacutis vel obtusiusculis 1.5 mm. longis parce strigillosis
ciliolatis; petalis lanceolatis subacutis vel obtusiusculis 4.5 mm.
longis 1.2 mm. latis extus praecipue supra medium cano-sericeis
ceterum secus costam parce sericeis, intus secus costam albido-
hirsutulis; filamentis basin et apicem versus attenuatis carnosis 3
mm. longis 0.8 mm. latis glabris; antheris anguste oblongis 1 mm.
longis; ovario late oblongo 2 mm. alto, 2-loculari dense albido-
hirsutulo; loculis 2-ovulatis; stylo terminali 2.2 mm. longo glabro;
fructu ignoto (Fig. 67).
FIGURE 67
Emmotum ptarianum
A, Stamen, dorsal view (X 8); B, Petal, from within (X 8); C, Calyx
(X 6); D, Pistil (x 8).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in vicinity of "Misia
Kathy Camp," southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepul, state of Bolfvar,
alt. 1585-1600 m., November 10-11, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59974,
small tree 25-30 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dull rich green above,
paler dull green below; sepals pale dull green; outside of petals pale
green, inside white with white hairs; style greenish-white."
Cotype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in rich woods,
vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 343
Sororopan-tepui', state of Bolivar, alt. 1615 m., November 15-17,1944,
Steyermark 60294, "tree 25 feet tall."
Local name: "epoca-po-yek."
In its 2-celled hirsute ovary, style longer than ovary, and calyx
lobes pubescent at tips, this species manifests close affinity to
E. glabrum Benth. ex Miers. It differs in its longer calyx, longer and
broader petals, longer stamen and pistil, filament narrowed and
tapering at base and apex and not broadest at base, outside of petals
more conspicuously pubescent down the midrib, fewer-flowered and
shorter inflorescences, and only the two lowest pairs of lateral
nerves on the lower leaf surface prominent, the lowermost arching
upwardly and continuing along the edge of the leaf-blade to half its
length, whereas in E. glabrum there are 3"5 pairs of lateral nerves
developed on the lower surface, but the lowermost are not prominent.
The new species is also related to E. argenteum Gleason of Mount
Duida, from which it differs in the much longer style, the exterior of
the petals pubescent down the midrib, the sparsely strigillose or
glabrescent instead of densely pilose petiole, the different leaf
shape with a different type of venation, and the cinereous strigillose
young stems and glabrescent older ones instead of the densely
tomentose stems of E. argenteum.
It is noteworthy of record that from each of the table mountains in
Venezuela where Emmotum has been collected, an endemic species
has been described (E. argenteum from Duida, E. conjunctum from
Auyan-tepuf, E. fulvum from Roraima, and the present described
E. ptarianum from Ptari-tepui). Of these species only E. fulvum and
E. argenteum have been found on a second table mountain, Steyer-
mark having collected (no. 60671) E. fulvum, previously known only
from Roraima, on Ptari-tepul, and Maguire & Fanshawe having col-
lected E. argenteum from the Kaieteur Plateau in British Guiana.
SAPINDACEAE
Cupania kavanayena Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 8-13-metralis; ramulis rufo-tomentellis striatis; petiolis
supra sulcatis 3"4 mm. longis tomentellis; foliolis 2 coriaceis vel
subcoriaceis erectis obovatis apice truncato-emarginatis basi acutis
vel subobtusis 3.5-6.8 cm. longis 1-3.5 cm. latis utrinque glandulis
rufis sessilibus microscopicis obsitis vel glabrescentibus, subtus
etiam pilis brevissimis adpressis pallidis instructis, marginibus
integerrimis, nervis lateralibus utroque 5*6 adscendentibus ante
marginem anastomosantibus utrinque prominulis; paniculis axillari-
bus sub fructu 4-6 cm. longis; bracteis minutis 1.5 mm. longis rufo-
tomentosis; floribus ignotis; pedicellis fructiferis 3.5-5 mm. longis
rufo-hirtellis; sepalis fructiferis late triangulari-ovatis acutis 2.5-3
mm. longis 1.5-1.75 mm. latis extus rufo-tomentellis; capsula rubro-
purpurea turbinata triquetro-trilobata in stipitem attenuata 1.1-1.3
cm. longa extus fusco-tomentella, intus brunneo-hispidula, septis
344 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
superne latioribus; semine obovoideo vel ellipsoideo-obovoideo 7.5
mm. longo 6 mm. lato, arillo fere usque ad apicem obtecto,
testa nigra.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in Quebrada de
Kavanayen, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and airport, state
of Bolivar, alt. 1200-1220 m., December 11, 1944, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 60912, "tree 40 feet tall; leaves erect, coriaceous, deep green
above, paler green below; fruit reddish purple."
Also collected in dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna
between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, state of Bolivar,
alt. 1220 m., November 28, 1944, Steyermark 60744, "tree 25-30 feet
tall; leaves erectish, subcoriaceous, deep green above, paler green
below."
This new species is related to C. diphylla Vahl of the Guianas
and Brazil in having 2-foliolate leaves, but differs in its much
smaller, narrower, more coriaceous leaflets which are truncate-
emarginate at apex, much shorter petioles and petiolules, the lower
surface of the leaflets glabrate or minutely reddish glandular-dotted
instead of hirtellous, the lower leaf surface not rugose nor promi-
nently reticulate-veined between the lateral nerves, the midrib and
lateral nerves glabrate or only sparsely pubescent, and in the tree
instead of shrub habit.
From the two new species described below, it differs in the promi-
nently raised lateral nerves of the lower surface of the leaflets, the
differently shaped leaflets with their deeply emarginate apex, and
in the large size of the tree.
Cupania kukenanica Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 3-3-5-metralis; ramulis novellis hirtellis vetustioribus
parce puberulis vel glabrescentibus; petiolis 5*9 nim. longis toraen-
tellis; foliolis 2 subcoriaceo-chartaceis elliptico-oblongis vel
obovato-oblongis apice rotundatis obtusis vel subemarginatis basi
subobtusis 3.8-7.5 cm. longis 1.3-3.2 cm. latis, supra plerumque
glabris subtus costa media parce vel dense adpresso-pubescente,
ceterum plerumque glabris, marginibus integerrimis, nervis laterali-
bus utroque 6-7 arcuato-adscendentibus ante marginem anastomo-
santibus supra prominulis reticulatis subtus vix prominulis; paniculis
axillaribus densifloris ad 4.3 cm. longis; pedicellis brevibus; flori-
bus masculis: calyce profunde 5-fido vel ut videtur liberis, sepalis
late ovato-triangularibus subacutis 2 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis, extus
dense puberulentibus, intus parce puberulentibus; petalis 2 mm.
longis parte superiore 1.5 mm. latis rhomboideo- vel obovoideo-
ellipticis acutis, in unguem contractis, marginibus pubescentibus,
squamis duabus obcuneatis vel subinfundibuliformibus cum petalis
plus minusve connatis petalis paullo brevioribus vel subaequilongis
inflexis villosis; disco puberulente vel hirsutulo; staminibus 8, fila-
mentis subfiliformibus 3-8 mm. longis dimidio inferiori pubescentibus;
antheris suborbicularibus 0.6 mm. longis 0.6-0.7 mm. latis glabris
(Fig. 68).
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II
345
B
C
FIGURE 68
Cupania kukenanica
A, Petal, from within (X 10); B, Petal, from without (X 10); C,
Stamen (X 5).
B
FIGURE 69
Cupania roraimae
A, Petal, from within (X 12); B, Petal, from without (X 12); C, Sta-
men (X 18).
346 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected above waterfall of
Rue-meru along rocky stream banks, Gran Sabana, between Kun and
waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount
Roraima, state of Bolivar, alt. 1065 m., October 2, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 59182, "shrub 10-15 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous-
chartaceous, deep green above, pale dull green below."
This species is closely related to the following one described
below, in which the differences between the two are enumerated.
Cupania roraimae Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 8-metralis; ramulis novellis hirtellis vetustioribus parce
puberulis vel glabrescentibus; petiolis 7-13 mm. longis hirtellis;
foliolis 2-4 subcoriaceis lanceolato-oblongis vel anguste oblongo-
ellipticis apice rotundatis vel subacutis basin versus sensim angus-
tatis subacutis 5*13 cm. longis 1. 5-3.5 cm. latis, supra plerumque
glabris subtus costa media parce vel dense adpresso-pubescente
ceterum plerumque glabris, marginibus integerrimis, nervis laterali-
bus utroque 8-10 arcuato-adscendentibus ante marginem anastomo-
santibus utrinque prominulis reticulatis; paniculis axillaribus densi-
floris ad 3.5 cm. longis; pedicellis brevibus; floribus masculis:
sepalis ut videtur liberis subimbricatis triangulari-ovatis subacutis
2-2.5 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis extus dense pubescentibus; petalis
2.5 mm. longis parte superiore 1.5 mm. latis oblongo-ellipticis obtu-
sis, in unguem contractis, dorso marginibusque pubescentibus, squa-
mis duabus oblanceolatis obtusis cum petalis plus minusve connatis
petalis brevioribus erectis inflexis villosis; disco supra pubescente;
staminibus 8, filamentis 3 mm. longis supra basin dilatatis dimidio
inferiori pubescentibus; antheris suborbicularibus 0.6 mm. longis
0.6-0.7 mm. latis parce puberulis (Fig. 69).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected near Kun, in Gran
Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan,
south of Mount Roraima, state of Bolivar, alt. 1065-1220 m., October
1, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59107, "tree 25 feet tall; leaves
subcoriaceous, deep green above, dull green below; flowers
gray-white."
Although strikingly similar to the species described above, C.
kukenanica, and from the same general area, this species differs
from C. kukenanica in the puberulous anthers, obtuse petals, narrow-
ly oblong-elliptic, instead of subinfundibuliform or obcuneate auri-
cles of the petals, lower part of filament enlarged above the base,
2-4 instead of 2 leaflets, and midrib of leaflets puberulous on lower
surface.
Although it was at first believed that this and the preceding spe-
cies (C. kukenanica) might more properly be aligned under Matayba,
the apparently free or nearly free sepals would place them in Cupa-
nia. The three new species here described (C. kavanayena, C.
kukenanica, and C. roraimae) are all closely related to one another.
Dipterodendron venezuelense Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor l6.5-metralis; rarnulis novellis leviter puberulentibus; foliis
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 347
abrupte bipinnatis; petiolis 10-13 cm. longis puberulentibus; rhachidi
15-16 cm. longa puberulente supra bisulcata; pinnis 11-15 cm. longis
utrinque 4 alternis, insterstitiis 3-5 cm. longis; foliolis pinnarum
utrinque 7-8 oppositis vel alternis lanceolatis vel lanceolato-
ellipticis apice subacutis vel obtusis apiculatis basi inaequaliter
cuneatis in petiolulum ad 2 mm. longum contractis vel subsessilibus
2.3-4.5 cm. longis 0.6-1.5 cm. latis supra glabris costa media parce
puberulis, subtus pilis minutissimis adpressis dense obsitis excepto,
marginibus grosse serratis, serraturis utroque 8-12,nervis lateralibus
utroque 15-25 fere angulo recto patentibus utrinque prominulis
(Fig. 70).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in canon between
San Isidro Alto and Santa Cruz de Mora, state of Merida, alt. 760-
1800 m., May 15, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56569, "tree 50 feet
tall; common; leaves rich green above, gray green below."
This is the first species of the genus Dipterodendron to be re-
corded from South America, the two previously described, D. costa-
ricense Radlk. and D. elegans Radlk., having been found in Costa
Rica and Panama. Although the type specimen, unfortunately, is
sterile, there is no question about the generic status of the Vene-
zuelan plant. It is separated from the other two species above
mentioned by the somewhat larger and more coarsely toothed leaf-
lets. From D. elegans, which it most closely resembles, it is sepa-
rated moreover by having the hairs on the lower surface of the
leaflets less dense and shorter, and by the apparent lack of glands.
Llagunoa venezuelana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 5-metralis; ramulis glabratis; petiolis 7-15 mm. longis
hirtellis supra valde dense hirtellis; foliis simplicibus late ovatis
vel elliptico-ovatis apice obtusis apiculatis basi rotundatis 4.8-9
cm. longis 3"6 cm. latis, supra parce fusco-glandulosis costa media
dense villosulis ceterum glabris, subtus dense glandulosis praeser-
tim costa atque nervis hirtellis, marginibus undulato-dentatis vel
remote denticulatis, nervis lateralibus utroque 11-13 valde patenti-
bus ante marginem furcatis prominulis; dichasiis 3"7-floris 2-4.5 cm.
longis petiolos superantibus, pedunculis 1.3-2.1 cm. longis parce
glandulosis; pedicellis 3-10 mm. longis dense glandulari-hirtellis;
calyce utrinque glandulis obsito, lobis late ovatis subacutis 3"4 mm.
longis prope basin 2.5-3 mm. latis; disco semiorbiculari-oblongo 8
mm. longo 4.5 mm. lato fere integerrimo vel paullo undulato-crenulato
glabro; filamentis glabris; antheris late oblongis 1.3-1.5 mm. longis
1.1-1.2 mm. latis pilosulis; ovario adpresso-canescenti.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected above El Molino,
between El Molino and El Quebradon, state of Merida, alt. 2010-2135
m., May 14, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56507, "shrub 15 feet tall;
leaves deep green above, dull green below; flowers and disk deep
green; filaments lavender."
The genus Llagunoa has not been recorded previously from Vene-
zuela, the other two species having been known from Chile to
348
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
FIGURE 70
Dipterodendron venezuelense
Habit of leafy branch.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA- II
349
D
B
FIGURE 71
Matayba ptariana
A, Pistillate flower (X 8); B, Petal of pistillate flower, from within
(X 9); C, Petal of staminate flower, from within (X 12); D, Petal of
staminate flower, from without (X 12); E, Calyx spread open, stami-
nate flower (X 4); F, Stamen, staminate flower (X 21.5).
350 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Colombia. This new species is most closely related to L. nitida
Ruiz & Pavon and var. mollis (Kunth/ Radlk., from which it may be
distinguished by the pilosulous anthers, glabrous, slightly larger
disk, prominently glandular calyx lobes within and without, only
slightly puberulous pericarp of the fruit, more prominently glandular
lower leaf surface, and more remotely denticulate instead of closely
crenate-serrate leaf margins.
Matayba ptariana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 2.8-6.8-metralis; ramulis teretibus glabris; foliis 2-foliatis,
petiolatis, 4.5-13 cm. longis; petiolis 6-27 mm. longis glabris; folio-
lis coriaceis vel coriaceo-chartaceis supra atroviridibus lanceolato-
ellipticis velovato-lanceolatis vel ellipticis apice acutis vel obtusis
basin versus sensim angustatis acutis in petiolum 2-4 mm. longum
decurrentibus 3.7-12 cm. longis 1.2-4.8 cm. latis, utrinque glabris,
marginibus integerrimis, nervis lateralibus utroque 10-15 prominulis,
utrinque valde reticulato-venosis, efoveolatis; paniculis 6-8.5 cm.
longis, rhachidi parce adpresso-puberulente; pedicellis 2-3 mm.
longis adpresso-pilosulis; floribus masculis: calyce 5-lobato, lobis
late oblongis apice rotundatis 2 mm. longis 1.7-1.8 mm. latis, mar-
ginibus ciliatis ceterum glabris; petalis albis obovoideis vel obo-
voideo-suborbicularibus apice rotundatis 1.5-2 mm. longis 1.8-2 mm.
latis utrinque dense pubescentibus, bisquamatis, squamis obovatis
rotundatis petalis brevioribus villosis; staminibus 8, filamentis fili-
formibus 2.3-2.5 mm. longis dinidio parte inferior! puberulis; antheris
suborbiculari-oblongis 0.5 mm. longis 0.5 mm. latis glabris vel ad
margines excrescentibus paucis, disco glabro superne sublobato;
rudimento ovarii puberulo; floribus foemineis: calycis lobis late
oblongis apice rotundatis 1.5 mm. longis 1.2 mm. latis marginibus
ciliatis ceterum glabris; petalis albidis suborbicularibus apice
rotundatis 2 mm. longis 1.8 mm. latis utrinque dense pubescentibus;
filamentis 1.8-2 mm. longis utrinque paullo angustatis ad basin
usque 7/8 longitudinem pubescentibus; antheris suborbiculari-
oblongis 0.5-0.7 mm. longis 0.7-0.8 mm. latis glabris; disco glabro;
pistillo 3 mm. longo; stylo parce puberulo; ovario hirsutulo; capsula
trigona obverse pyramidata 16-18 mm. longa in stipitem 8 mm. longam
producta nitida glabra (Fig. 71).
Type (pistillate) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected at Salto
de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepuf, state of Bo-
livar, alt. 1015 m., November 15, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60203,
"shrub 20 feet tall; leaves coriaceous-chartaceous, dark green
above, dull green below; corolla whitish; calyx and rachis pale
green."
Cotype collections, all from the state of Bolivar, in herb. Chi.
Nat. Hist. Mus., are: (staminate) dry sandy and rocky sandstone
exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of
southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepui, alt. 1600 m., November 1, 1944,
Steyermark S9687a, "shrub 8-15 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dark
green above, dull green below; pedicels and sepals pale green;
petals white;" (pistillate) same data as preceding, Steyermark
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 351
59687; (fruiting plant) scrubby woods, vicinity of "Misia Kathy
Camp" on mesa between Ptari-tepul and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615
m., November 15-17, 1944, Steyermark 60262, "shrub 15 feet tall;
fruit shining, grass green."
This species is related to M. robusta Radlk., from which it differs
in the glabrous anthers, obtusely acute apex of the leaflets, the
larger flowers (when fully developed), and the pistillate inflores-
cence (when fully developed) equaling or exceeding the length of
the leaves.
Matayba reducta Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 13-metralis; ramulis teretibus glabris; foliis abrupte pinnatis
petiolatis, 12-19 cm. longis; petiolis 2.2-3.5 cm. longis glabris;
foliolis 6-7 firme membranaceis alternis vel oppositis elliptico-
oblongis vel elliptico-lanceolatis apice obtusis vel rotundatis basin
versus angustatis acutis in petiolulum 5^8 mm.longum contractis 5-5-
11.5 cm. longis 2-3.7 era. latis, utrinque glabris, marginibus inte-
gerrimis, nervis lateralibus utroque 12-14 arcuato-adscendentibus
prorainulis, utrinque reticulato-venosis efoveolatis; inflorescentiis ad
apices ramulorum confertis; paniculis axillaribus solitariis ramosis
15-20 cm. longis, ramulis 9-20 cm. longis, cymulis 1-7-floris breviter
pedunculatis; rhachi inflorescentiae puberulenti; pedicellis 0.7-1.5
mm. longis densiuscule puberulis; floribus masculis: calyce 5-lobato,
lobis suborbiculari-ovatis subacutis 1 mm. longis 1 mm. latis extus
parce puberulentibus; petalis albis deltoideis obtusis 1.3 mm. longis
1.5-1.6 mm. latis, bisquamatis, squamis late spatulatis vel obovoi-
deis apice rotundatis petala sesquiduplo superantibus villosis;
staminibus 8, filamentis 2.5 mm. longis supra basin dilatatis parte
tertia inferiore pubescente; antheris suborbiculari-oblongis 0.5-0.6
mm. longis 0.5-0.6 mm. latis glabris, marginibus exterioribus pube-
rulentibus excepto; disco pubescente (Fig. 72).
FIGURE 72
Matayba reducta Steyermark
A, Petal of staminate flower (X 1.9); B, portion of calyx, staminate
flower (X 15).
Type (staminate) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on wood-
ed slopes of Quebrada O-paru-raa, between Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), state of
352 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Bolivar, alt. 1065-1220 m., November 20-21, 1944, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 60365, "tree 40 feet tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, deep
green above, dull green below; flowers white (filaments, petals);
calyx pale green."
This species is related to M.fallax Radlk. and to M. opaca Radlk.,
in having the auricles or scales of the petals exceeding the petals in
length, but differs in these scales greatly exceeding (2-1/2 times
longer than) the petals, the latter being reduced to very small ap-
pendages. The new species is also characterized by having a pu-
bescent disk and subacute calyx lobes.
Matayba sororopaniana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 10-metralis; ramulis teretibus glabris; foliis abrupte pinnatis
petiolatis, 21-25 cm. longis; petiolis 3.5-5.5 cm. longis glabris;
foliolis 3-4 firme membranaceis oppositis vel suboppositis
lanceolate- vel oblongo-ellipticis apice obtuse acuminatis basi
cuneatis in petiolulum 2-3 mm. longum contractis 6.5-15.5 cm. longis
3-6 cm. latis utrinque glabris, marginibus integerrimis, nervis late-
ralibus utroque 6-9 patento-adscendentibus e margine 5"10 mm«
anastomosantibus prominulis utrinque valde reticulato-venosis
efoveolatis; paniculis axillaribus solitariis subsimplicibus 3.2-6 cm.
longis, cymulis plerumque 1-floris; rhachi inflorescentiae parce
adpresso-pilosula; pedicellis 1.5-1.75 mm. longis hirtellis; floribus
masculis: calyce 5-lobato, lobis suborbicularibus rotundatis 1.2 mm.
longis 1.5 mm. latis extus puberulentibus; petalis albis late sub-
orbicularibus rotundatis 1.3 mm. longis 1.7-1.9 mm. latis utrinque
dense pubescentibus, bisquamatis, squamis late spatulatis vel late
obovoideis rotundatis, petalis paullo brevioribus utrinque villosis;
filamentis 3 mm. longis ad basin usque 3/4 longitudinem pubescenti-
bus; antheris suborbiculari-oblongis 0.5 mm. longis 0.5 mm. latis
puberulis; disco glabro (Fig. 73)«
A B
FIGURE 73
Matayba sororopaniana Steyermark
A, Petal of staminate flower, from within (X 15); B, Petal of stami-
nate flower, from without (X 15).
Type (staminate) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on
wooded ridge between quebrada and waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru-
meni), Sororopan-tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 1656-1980 m., November
15, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60201, "tree 30 feet tall; leaves
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 353
firmly membranaceous, deep green above, dull green below; flowers
sweet-scented, white; rachis pale green."
This species is closely related to M. inelegans (Spruce) Radlk.,
from which it differs in the rounded instead of acute calyx lobes,
main part of petal rounded instead of acute or apiculate, more nume-
rous and more widely spreading instead of ascending lateral nerves,
which are less prominent on the lower surface of the leaflets.
Matayba venezuelana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor l6.5-metralis; ramulis teretibus juvenilibus tomentellis;
foliis abrupte pinnatis petiolatis, 27-32 et ultra longis; petiolis
9.5-11 cm. longis tomentellis; foliolis 6-8, alternis vel oppositis,
elliptico-lanceolatis vel late lanceolatis apice obtusis basi acutis in
petiolulum 6-9 mm. longum contractis, 11-16.5 cm. longis 2-5 cm.
latis, utrinque glabris, marginibus integerrimis, nervis lateralibus
utroque 15-17 patento-adscendentibus ante marginem anastomosanti-
bus prominulis, utrinque valde reticulato-venosis pellucido-punctatis;
inflorescentia ad apices ramulorum confertis; paniculis axillaribus
solitariis ramosis 8.5-11.5 cm. longis; rhachi inflorescentiae tomen-
tella; pedicellis 1-1.5 mm. longis dense adpresso-pilosulis; floribus
foemineis: calyce profunde 5-lobato, tubo 0.2 mm. longo, lobis tri-
angularibus subobtusis 1.5 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis extus puberulis;
petalis albidis suborbicularibus apiculatis 1.5 mm. longis 1.7 mm.
latis longe unguiculatis, bisquamatis, squamis obcuneatis dense
pubescentibus; disco puberulo vel subtomentoso; ovario 3-4-lobato
3-4-loculari 2 mm. longo adpresso-pubescente; stylo 1.5-2 mm. longo.
Type (pistillate) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus.,^ collected by first
small ridge, lower south-facing slopes between Rio Karuai and first
ridge above Rio Karuai, Ptari-tepm', state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m.,
November 28, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60663, "tree 50 feet tall;
flowers whitish; leaves membranaceous-chartaceous, rich green
above, pale green below."
Local name: "toron-yek."
This species is related to M. arborescens (Aubl.) Radlk., M.
macrolepis Radlk., and M. macros ty Us Radlk. It is characterized by
the 6-8 subopposite pellucid-punctate leaflets, tomentose disk, 3-4-
celled ovary, and style as long as or shorter than the ovary. From
M. arborescens it is distinguished by the pubescent disk and style
as long as or shorter than the ovary, while from M. macrolepis and
M. macros ty Us it is separated by the subopposite pellucid-punctate
leaflets and the 3-4-celled ovary.
Paullinia mollicoma Steyermark, sp. nov.
Scandens fruticosa fulvo-tomentosa; ramis 5-costatis 4-5 mm. dia-
metro; stipulis lineari-lanceolatis 7 mm. longis fulvo-tomentosis;
foliis 5-foliolato-pinnatis petiolatis, 7-15 cm. longis; petiolis 1.2-5.5
cm. longis fulvo-tomentosis; foliolis subcoriaceis late ovatis vel
elliptico-ovatis apice obtusis abrupte vel obtuse acummatis basi
obtusis vel acutis in petiolulum 1.5-4 mm. longum fulvo-tomentosum
contractis, 4-9.5 cm. longis 2.5-5 cm. latis, supra plerumque glabris
354 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
praeter costam mediam hirtellara, subtus densiuscule fulvo-pilosis,
marginibus remote obtuse denticulatis dentibus utroque 5-8-subtus
foveolatis, nervis lateralibus utroque 6-9 adscendentibus ad margines
terrain an tlbus, utrinque valde creberrirae reticulato-venosis; thyrsis
solitariis foliis brevioribus spicifdrmibus pedunculatis sub fructu 6-8
cm. longis fulvo-tomentosis; pedunculis 1.3-2.5 cm. longis dense
fulvo-tomentosis; pedicellis sub fructu 2-2.5 mm. longis dense fulvo-
tomentosis; sepalis fructiferis extus dense tomentosis; capsula
acute trigona pyriformi-turbinata deorsum 3'4-stipitata trialata 1.5-
1.8 cm. longa (immatura) 8 mm. lata (alis exclusis) extus glabra, alis
oblongo-lanceolatis apice rotundatis 5-7 mm, longis 2.5-5 mm. latis
(immaturis) striatis glabris.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in lower portion of
Quebrada O-paru-raa, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen, state of Bolivar, alt. 915-1065 m., November 25, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 60579, "liana on tree; stems fulvous-tomentose;
leaves subcoriaceous, deep green above, dull green below with
yellow-brown nerves; rachis fulvous-brown."
Local name: "kun-a-wa-lu-yek."
This species, characterized by the conspicuous linear-lanceolate
stipules and short inflorescences, is related to P. rufescens Richard,
from which it differs in the much shorter inflorescence, more slender-
ly stipitate and narrower capsule, and soft spreading, longer hairs of
the petioles, stems, rachis, and lower surface of the leaflets. From
P. live sc ens Radlk. it is distinguished by the much shorter inflo-
rescence and longer and more spreading hairs on the stems, petioles,
rachis, and lower surface of the leaflets.
SABIACEAE
Meliosma Pittieriana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 13-metralis; ramulis novellis robustis dense rubescenti-
tomentosis, ramis robustis tomentosis vel inferne glabrescentibus;
fpliis simplicibus abrupte petiolatis, petiolis 2-8 cm. longis 2.5-4
mm. crassis supra anguste sulcatis dense ferrugineo-tomentosis;
laminis coriaceis supra atroviridibus late oblongis vel late obovato-
oblongis apice rotundatis obtusis vel subacutis 12-35 cm. longis
6.5-18 cm. latis, marginibus integerrimis, supra secus costam mediam
atque nervos laterales ferrugineo-tomentellis ceterum hirsutulis vel
glabrescentibus subtus secus costam mediam atque nervos laterales
et venulas dense ferrugineo-hirtellis ceterum ferrugineo-villosulis
cum glandulis rubescentibus sessilibus munitis vel glabrescentibus,
nervis lateralibus utroque 12-14 patento-adscendentibus subtus
praecipue prominentibus, ante marginem anastomosantibus, subtus
praecipue valde reticulato-venosis; paniculis axillaribus 28-33 cm.
longis, rhachi et ramulis panicularum dense ferrugineo-tomentosis,
ramulis fructiferis 4-9 cm. longis; floribus breviter pedicellatis vel
subsessilibus; calyce fructifero 2.5-3 mm. lato, sepalis late sub-
orbicularibus apice rotundatis 1 mm. longis 1-1.5 mm. latis margini-
bus valde ciliatis extus parce puberulis vel glabratis; drupa purpurea,
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 355
brunnea-viridi-areolata, in statu sicco obovoidea 2-2.5 cm. longa
1.5-2 cm. diametro; endocarpio brunnescente vel pallido-viridi;
semine duro anguloso brunnescente.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in Quebrada Seca,
between Fila Grande of Cerro Negro and Rio Maravilla above Cerro
Vaquero, northeast of Los Chorros and El Cielo, east of Bergantin,
state of Anzoategui, alt. 1000-1100 m., March 18, 1945, Julian A.
Steyermark 61524, "tree 40 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dark green
above, dull green below; rachis and petioles ferruginous brown as are
midrib and lateral nerves; fruit rich green turning blue."
Also collected near previous locality in mature fruit on ridge top,
headwaters of Rib Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los
Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, state of Anzoa'tegui, alt.
900-1400 m., March 23, 1945, Steyermark 61728.
This species is distinguished by the large obovate leaves rounded
at tip, prominent, numerous, raised pairs of lateral nerves of the
lower leaf surface, the rufescent dense tomentum of the midrib and
lateral nerves of the lower leaf surface, the ferruginous -brown tomen-
tose petioles and rachis, and the large open reticulate venation of
the lower leaf surface.
This new species has much larger leaves than the recently de-
scribed M. meridensis Lasser of Venezuela. It is related to M.
grandifolia Urb. of Mexico, to M. maxima of Guatemala, and to M.
itatioiae Urb. of Brazil. From the latter it differs, among other
characters, in the entire leaf margins and the long-petiolate leaves,
while from M. Schlimii Urb. of Colombia, to which it is also related,
it differs in the more closely and densely pubescent lower surface of
the leaves, the rounded instead of mucronate tip of the leaves, the
non-decurrent petiole, the ferruginous-brown tomentose petioles and
rachis, and the large open reticulation of veins on the lower leaf
surface.
RHAMNACEAE
Colubrina venezuelensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 3'6-metralis; ramis novellis cano-puberulis, vetustioribus
glabrescentibus vel leviter cano-puberulis; foliis longe petiolatis,
petiolis 9-12 mm. longis dense tomentosis, supra sulcatis; laminis
ovatis apice caudato-acuminatis basi obtusis vel subobtusis 5-8.5
cm. longis 2-4 cm. latis, marginibus integerrimis utroque prope basin
glandula praeditis, supra glabrescentibus praeter pilos secus costam
mediam vel nervos secundarios subtus villosulis, nervis lateralibus
utroque 6-8 subtus prominulis; inflorescentiis cymosis axillaribus,
quam folia pluries brevioribus, 12-15-floris, pedunculo 3-4 mm. longo
dense tomentello, prophyllis ovatis 0.7 mm. longis; pedicellis sub
anthesi 4-5 mm. longis; floribus expansis 4.5-5 mm. diametro; ala-
bastro depresso-sphaeroideo tomentello; calycis lobis late ovatis
acutis 1.6 mm. longis, supra basin 1.2-1.5 mm. latis, extus toment-
tellis; petalis cucullatis obovatis apice rotundatis basi angustatis
1.3-1.5 mm. longis prope apicem 0.7-0.8 mm. latis; filaraentis 1.5 mm.
356 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
longis; antheris suborbicularibus 0.3-0.4 mm. longis; disco piano
subcrenato 2 mm. diametro; stylis 3, 1.5 mm. longis dimidio parte
superior! liberis; ovario atque fructu juvenili glabro; fructu mature
non viso.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected alrededores de
Caracas, Distrito Federal, alt. 1600-1800 m., Tomas Gonzalez.
Cotype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on slopes forming
almost pure stand, between Ojo de Agua and Pena de Mora, Novem-
ber 20, 1926, H. P'ittier 12248.
This has been confused with C. reclinata (L'He'r) Brongn., from
which it differs in the densely pubescent lower surface of the leaf-
blades, in the pubescent petioles, young branches, longer, more
acutely acuminate apices of the leaf-blades, and petioles averaging
somewhat shorter.
VITACEAE
Cissus Trianae Planch., var. Martin iana (Wood son & Seibert)
Steyermark, comb. nov.
Cissus Martiniana Woodson & Seibert, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 24: 191.
1937.
Study of Cissus Trianae Planch., represented in the herbarium of
the Chicago Natural History Museum by a photograph of the type (El
Arracachal, Andes of Bogota', Colombia, Triana in herb. Geneve),
together with Venezuelan collections recently made in the Andes and
the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela by Steyermark (numbers
55947, 61535, 62011, and 62325), have convinced the present author
that C. Martiniana Woodson & Seibert, originally described from
Panama, can at the most be retained only in varietal category. Both
C. Trianae and C. Martiniana have the lower surface of the leaflets
sparsely dotted with brownish appressed hairs which are attached in
\he center, or glabrate. Both species have small cuneate-obovate,
repand-crenulate, or mucronulately crenate leaflets, which are sub-
sessile and attenuate at base. The principal and apparently only
difference between the two entities lies in the amount of ferruginous
pubescence of the stipules, peduncles, and pedicels. This pubes-
cence is much more pronounced and better developed in C. Martini-
ana. In C. Trianae the pedicels and peduncles are sparsely pilosu-
lous or glabrate, and the stipules slightly more ferruginous-strigillose
at the base, but often glabrate.
The apex of the leaves in flowering and fruiting specimens is
usually rounded or obtuse, whereas in sterile material it is often
acute or cuspidate-tipped or obtuse. This is evident both in C.
Trianae as well as in C. Martiniana. The plant of Venezuela may
trail over the ground or climb high into the trees. In Guatemala the
plant is a ground-cover or ascends the trees, but is usually rather
low, rather than high climbing.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 357
ELAEOCARPACE-AE
Sloanea breviseta Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 25-metralis vel ultra; ramulis novellis tomentellis vetustiori-
bus glabris gracilibus; stipulis caducis; foliis alternis vel sub-
oppositis abrupte petiolatis, petiolis 1-4 cm. longis 0.75-1.5 mm.
crassis supra sulcatis minute tomentellis; laminis chartaceo-firme
membranaceis ovatis vel late ellipticis apice acutis vel cuspidatis
basi rotundatis apice obtusis vel subacutis 5.7-15 cm. longis 3-7.5
cm. lads, marginibus repando-sinuatis vel subintegerrimis supra
glabris subtus praecipue secundum costam mediam minute puberulis
ceterum glabrescentibus, nervis lateralibus utroque $M 1 flavo-viridi-
bus adscendentibus ante marginem anastomosantibus subtus prae-
cipue prominentibus, venulis reticulatis; inflorescentia in axillis
ramulorum; floribus ignotis; capsula ovoidea vel late oblonga apice
rotundata basi rotundata 1-1.5 cm. longa 0.8-1 cm. lata dense tomen-
tella et dense setosa, setis flavo-viridibus 2-4.5 mm. longis antrorse
hispidulis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in Montana de Agua-
cate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast
of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, state of Monagas,
alt. 600-900 m., April 19, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62215, "tree 80
feet tall; leaves chartaceous-f irmly membranaceous, deep green
above, pale duller green below with yellow green nerves; fruit with
yellow green appendages."
This species is distinguished by the caducous stipules, small
capsule with short setae, long petioles, and thin, alternate, glabrate
leaves which are acuminate at the tip and narrowed at the base.
It differs from S. guianensis Benth. in the shorter setae, and sub-
repand leaf margins, while from S. monosperma Veil, it is dis-
tinguished by the smaller fruit with shorter setae.
Sloanea caudata Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 13-33-metralis; ramulis novellis dense ferrugineo-tomentosis
vel glabrescentibus angulatis 5-8 mm. diam.; stipulis conspicuis
persistentibus erectis lanceolatis acuminatis 15-30 mm. longis 2.5-4
mm. latis carinatis integerrimis extus dense tomentellis; foliis alter-
nis abrupte longe petiolatis, petiolis 4.5-12 cm. longis 2-4 mm.
crassis dense fulvo-tomentellis vel glabrescentibus; laminis magnis
subcoriaceo-chartaceis ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis apice cuspidato-
caudatis basi rotundatis vel subcordatis 24-45 cm. longis 10-19 cm.
latis, marginibus irregulariter sinuato-crenatis vel repando-dentatis,
supra glabris per sulcas costae mediae minute puberulis excepto,
subtus per costam mediam atque nervos laterales puberulis ceterum
plerumque glabris, nervis lateralibus utroque 12-21 adscendentibus
subtus prominentibus ante marginem anastomosantibus, utrinque sub-
tus praecipue reticulato-venosis; inflorescentiis axillaribus vel
subterminalibus 6-7 cm. longis, pedunculis trichotomis dense fulvo-
tomentellis; pedicellis 12-23 mm. longis dense fulvo-tomentellis;
bracteis patentibus lanceolatis acutis vel acuminatis 8-10 mm. longis
358 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
integerrimis cano-tomentellis; floribus paucis; calyce 5-6-fido,
segmentis paullo inaequalibus late lanceolatis vel ovatis acutis vel
acuminatis 5-1 mm. longis 2.5-4 mm. latis utrinque dense tomentellis;
staminibus numerosis liberis calycis segmenta superantibus, fila-
mentis subulatis 1.5-2.2 mm. longis puberulentibus; antheris lineari-
ellipticis apiculatis 3-4.5 mm. longis, apicula 1.5 mm. longa; ovario
5-loculari dense hispidulo; stylis cohaerentibus 5-fidis 3-7.5 mm.
longis superne glabris parte dimidia inferiori hispidulis; fructu ignoto.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in lower portion of
Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rfo Pacairao, below Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen, state of Bolivar, alt. 915-1065 m., November 25, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 60544 (3 sheets), "tree 40-100 feet tall; leaves
subcoriaceous-chartaceous, rich green above, pale yellow green be-
low; flowers fragrant; anthers buff-yellow; pedicel salmon; sepals
salmon below, pale green near tip."
This species is a member of section Eusloanea, characterized by
the lack of petals and densely setose capsule, but is distinguished
from all other species by the long-petiolate, large, coarsely-toothed
leaf blades with caudate apex, persistent entire tomentose stipules
and bracts, deeply 5"6-parted calyx, and 5-celled ovary with 5-fid
style. In aspect it resembles S. amplifrons Johnston, but that spe-
cies has a cyathiform calyx and dentate stipules. The anthers are
free and do not cohere in a mass as in S. macrophylla Spruce, another
species which it superficially resembles.
Sloanea Onotillo Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor alta; ramulis novellis minute tomentellis vetustioribus gla-
brescentibus; stipulis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis 10 mm. longis
1-2 mm. latis dense tomentellis integerrimis persistentibus vel
caducis; foliis alternis abrupte petiolatis, petiolis 1.3-4.5 cm. longis
1.5-2.5 mm. latis dense fulvo-tomentellis; laminis subcoriaceis
obovatis vel elliptico-obovatis apice rotundatis vel obtuse subacutis
basin versus acute angustatis 9.5-18 cm. longis 5-10.5 cm. latis,
marginibus repando-sinuatis, utrinque glabris vel glabratis supra per
sulcas costae mediae saepe minute puberulentibus excepto, nervis
lateralibus utroque 8-10 adscendentibus plerumque ad marginem
excurrentibus subtus praecipue prominentibus; floribus ignotis; in-
florescentiis axillaribus sub fructu 7-10 cm. longis; pedunculo sub
fructu 4-4.5 cm. longo 2-2.5 mm. diametro dense tomentello; pedi-
cellis sub fructu ca. 1 cm. longis; capsula suborbiculari quadrivalva
5-5.5 cm. longa 5-5.5 cm. diametro extus dense fulvo-tomentella valde
echinata, echinis rigidis rectis persistentibus 1.5-2 cm. longis
puberulentibus, valvis lignosis 5 mm. crassis intus glabris.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in woods along Rfo
Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rx'o Neverf, northeast of Ber-
gantfn, state of Anzoategui, alt. 500 m., February 20, 1945, Julian
A. Steyermark 61016 (2 sheets), "fruit eaten by birds and mammals
(lapa and acure); wood used for house construction, hard and durable;
one of common trees in forest; leaves subcoriaceous, dull green
above, paler dull green below."
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 359
Local name: "onotillo."
From S. laxiflora Spruce this species is distinguished by the more
slender setae of the fruiting capsule, the 8-10 instead of 5-6 pairs of
lateral nerves of the larger repand-sinuate margins of the leaves,
which have a larger and more open network of veins on the lower sur-
face of the leaf blades. It apparently is most closely related to
S. stipitata Spruce and S. multiflora Karsten. From the latter it is
easily distinguished by the shorter setae, the narrowed leaf base,
and less repand-sinuate leaf margins, while from the former it may be
separated by the larger fruit with longer setae, less coarsely toothed
leaves with a larger network of veins on the lower surface. It also
resembles S. amplifrons I.M. Johnston, but that has persistent serrate
stipules and the setae of the fruit are softer, more slender, and
curved.
The specific name refers to the local name employed for this tree
by the inhabitants of the region.
Sloanea Onotillo, var. major Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo differt foliis majoribus, laminis 25-30 cm. longis 16-22 cm.
latis utrinque rotundatis, capsulis majoribus 9 cm. longis 9 cm.
diam. , setis 3-3.5 cm. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in headwaters of Rib
Maraville, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Ne-
gro, east of Bergantin, state of Anzoategui, alt. 900-1400 m., March 23,
1945, Julian A. Steyermark 61726, "this type with broad smoothish
leaves common on ridge top and upper slopes; leaves subcoriaceous,
deep green above, dull paler green below with raised yellow green
midrib and nerves."
This variety differs in the larger fruit and larger leaf blades which
are rounded at the base and summit.
Sloanea Pittieriana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 8-30-metralis; ramulis novellis tomentellis vetustioribus gla-
bris gracilibus 2-6 mm. diam; stipulis caducis; foliis alternis vel
oppositis petiolatis, petiolis 6-9 mm. longis plus minus ve minute
tomentellis vel glabrescentibus; laminis parvis chartaceo-subcori-
aceis elliptico-oblongis vel oblongo-obovatis apice rotundatis vel
obtusis basi acutis vel cuneatis 3'7 cm. longis 2-3.7 cm. latis,
marginibus integerrimis, utrinque glaberrimis supra per sulcam costae
mediae interdum minute puberulentibus, nerviis lateralibus utroque
6-8 adscendentibus ante marginem anastomosantibus subtus promi-
nulis; inflorescentiis axillaribus vel terminalibus racemosis 1-2 cm.
longis, paucifloris; pedunculis 2.5-6 mm. longis minute puberulenti-
bus; pedicellis 4-8 mm. longis dense puberulentibus; bracteis ovatis
vel lanceolato-ellipticis 1.5-5 mm. longis; sepalis 4 aequalibus vel
subaequalibus oblongis vel ovato-oblongis obtusis vel subacutis
3.5-4.5 mm. longis 2.5-4 mm. latis integerrimis utrinque papillato-
puberulentibus, marginibus pilis paullo longioribus munitis; petalis
nullis; staminibus 15-27, filamentis 2.5 mm. longis pilosulis; antheris
ovatis 1.2-1.5 mm. longis hirtellis; ovario quadriloculari 2 mm. alto
360 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
dense hispidulo; stylo 4-fido 2.5-2.8 mm. longo glabro; fructu ignoto.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on steep wooded
slopes just below dry ridge and shrubby zone, southeast-facing
slopes, Ptari-tepui', state of Bolivar, alt. 1585-1600 m., November
10-11, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59984, "tree 80-90 feet tall, one of
tall forest trees here; leaves coriaceous-chartaceous, dull green
above, paler green below with yellow-green midrib; flowers fragrant;
perianth dull brown-reddish without, pale dull green within; filaments
pale yellow; anthers yellow."
Cotype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in scrubby woods,
vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and
Sororopan-tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 1615 m., November 15-17,1944,
Steyermark 60261, "tree 25 feet tall; leaves chartaceous-subcori-
aceous, dark green above, dull pale green below; sepals pale green;
ovary pale green; filaments creamy green; anthers buff."
This species is related to S. echinocarpa Uitt. of French Guiana,
but differs in the glabrous to finely puberulent instead of tomentose
young twigs, 4- instead of 5-celled ovary, 4-fid styles, inflores-
cences shorter than or equalling the petioles, midnerve on upper leaf
surface glabrous or at most minutely puberulent instead of villous,
and veins on lower leaf surface glabrous or glabrate.
Sloanea ptariana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 20-metralis; ramulis novellis tomentellis vetustioribus gla-
bris vel glabrescentibus gracilibus 2.5-6 mm. diametro; stipulis
caducis; foliis alternis vel oppositis petiolatis, petiolis 4-13 mm.
longis supra anguste sulcatis minute puberulentibus vel glabris;
laminis firme membranaceis ovatis vel ovato- vel lanceolato-ellip-
ticis apice cuspidato-caudatis vel acuminatis basi acutis vel obtusis
4-13 cm. longis 1.3-4.5 cm. latis, marginibus integerrimis, supra
plerumque omnino glabris praeter interdum sulcam costae mediae
minute parce puberulis, subtus plerumque glabris costa media inter-
dum minute parce puberulis excepto, nervis lateralibus utroque 6-8
arcuato-adscendentibus ante marginem anastomosantibus subtus
praecipue prominentibus, reticulato-venosis; inflorescentiis axillari-
bus racemosis 1-1,5 cm. longis; pedunculis 2-4 mm. longis minute
hirtellis; pedicellis 3-4.5 mm. longis hirtellis; bracteis ovatis ca. 1
mm. longis puberulis; sepalis 4 aequalibus ovatis vel lanceolatis
acuminatis 2.8-3.5 mm. longis 1-1.3 mm. latis integerrimis admargines
1-2 glandulis verrucularibus munitis extus parce puberulentibus;
petalis non visis; staminibus plerumque delapsis; filamentis gracili-
bus 3-3*5 mm. longis pubescentibus; antheris elliptico-oblongis
obtusis 1 mm. longis pubescentibus; ovario quadriloculari 2.5-3 mm.
alto ca. 2 mm. diametro dense fulvo-hispidulo pilis rigidis adscen-
dentibus munitis, parce echinatis, echinis brevibus; ovulis in quoque
loculo pluribus; stylo 4-fido 3'4 mm. longo glabro.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on lower south-facing
slopes, between Rib Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, Ptari-
tepui, state of Bolfvar, alt. 1220 m., November 28, 1944, Julian A.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 361
Steyermark 60668 (2 sheets), "tree 60 feet tall; leaves firmly mem-
branaceous, deep green above, dull green below; flowers dull yellow."
Local name: "woraumi-yek."
This species is distinguished by the small, mostly opposite, long
acuminate leaves, which are prominently nerved on the lower surface,
the short racemose axillary inflorescences, small flowers, 4-celled
ovary, and 4-fid styles. It has the small leaves of S. excelsa Ducke,
but differs from that species in its shorter petioles, shorter, wholly
axillary inflorescences, and puberulent instead of glabrous rachis
and peduncles. From S. brachytepala Ducke it differs in the smaller,
thinner, long acuminate leaves with fewer lateral nerves on the lower
surface, and shorter petioles, while from S. ochrocarpa Radlk. it
differs in the smaller more numerous flowers. From the previousl"
described S. Pittieriana this species may be distinguished by the
thinner leaves with acuminate apex and rounded or acute base, more
prominently reticulately veined on upper surface, smaller sepals,
longer styles, and in the arboreal habit.
Sloanea venezuelana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 16.5-25-metralis vel ultra; ramulis novellis minute tomentel-
lis plerumque glabrescentibus vetustioribus glabris 3-5 mm. diametro;
stipulis caducis; foliis alternis vel oppositis petiolatis, petiolis 6-18
mm. longis glabris; laminis subcoriaceo-chartaceis late oblongis vel
elliptico-oblongis vel oblongo-obovatis apice rotundatis basi acutis
vel obtusis 4.5-10 cm. longis 2.3-5.5 cm. latis, marginibus integerri-
mis, utrinque glaberrimis, nervis lateralibus utroque 8-10 utrinque
subtus praecipue prominentibus ante marginem anastomosantibus,
valde creberrime densiter reticulato-venosis; floribus ignotis; pedi-
cellis fructiferis 2-2.8 cm. longis minute puberulentibus vel glabris;
capsula extus olivaceo-brunnea suborbiculari vel subovoidea quadri-
valva 2.5-3 cm. longa 2-2.7 cm. diametro extus verruculosa dense
tomentella, valvis lignosis 4-5 nmu crassis intus glabris; semine
unico oblongo-ovoideo 15-17 mm. longo 10 mm. lato arillo carnoso
cinnabarino vel rubro involto.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in Montana de Agua-
cate, along quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast
of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, state of Monagas,
alt. 600-900 m., April 19, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62216, "tree 80
feet tall with very hard wood; branches very brittle; leaves sub-
coriaceous-chartaceous, deep green above, dull green below; fruit
bronze-brownish green without, with red aril over seed within."
Cotype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected along forested
slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neverf, between Rio Leon
and "Carmelita," northeast of Bergantin, state of Anzoa'tegui, alt.
800-1200 m., March 5, 1945, Steyermark 61354, "tree 50-80 feet tall;
fruit edible; leaves chartaceous-f irmly membranaceous, dull deep
green above, dull green below with yellowish nerves; fruit turning
brown when mature; fruit 1-seeded; seed surrounded by orange
fleshy cover."
362 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Local name: "palo duro; taque."
This species has one of the hardest woods encountered in the
Oriente of Venezuela, but it is reported as not being used. It is a
very common tree in the area. The fresh fruit when eaten is believed
to cause a "loco" type of feeling. When ground and cooked it is
prepared into a tortilla similar to that of arepa de maiz.
The new species is characterized by the glabrous young twigs,
glabrous relatively short petioles, entire leaves rounded at apex, and
the fruit covered by a close tomentum and lacking prickles. It is an
additional member of the section designated by Pittier as Lasio-
carpus, which would include the present species, S. lasiocarpa Pitti-
er, S. laurifolia Benth., and S. brachytepala Ducke.
From S. lasiocarpa it differs in the smaller leaves narrowed at
base and rounded at apex and in the much shorter petioles. From S.
brachytepala it differs in the solitary fruiting peduncles, much shorter
petioles, rounded tip of leaves, 8-10 instead of 10-18 pairs of lateral
nerves, and glabrous young twigs and petioles.
MALVACEAE
Abutilon pseudogiganteum Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herba basi lignescens 3.3-metralis, ramis teretibus molliter tomen-
tellis; foliis longe petiolatis, petiolis teretibus 2*12 cm. longis
molliter tomentellis; laminis membranaceis ovatis subangulatis
denticulatis apice longe cuspidatis vel acute acuminatis basi corda-
tis 6-20 cm. longis 5-14 cm. latis, supra cano-viridibus molliter
minute stellatis subtus cano-viridibus dense stellato-tomentosis,
9-nerviis; inflorescentia paniculata; floribus apice ramulorum elonga-
torum agglomeratis breviter pedunculatis, pedunculis 5-23 mm. longis
cano-tomentellis; calyce subcampanulato 10 mm. alto 12 mm. diam.
ultra medium in lobos ovatos acuminatos 7.5-8 mm. longos 5 mm.
latos extus dense cano-tomentellis intus tomentosis diviso, tubo
basi quisque lobi cucullato-inflato tomentoso; petalis luteis reflexis
suborbiculari-oblongis rotundatis 9 mm. longis 7 mm. latis, basi
dense villosis; androeceo 1.1 cm. longo, tubo stamineo glabro 5-gono
8 mm. longo; antherae loculis divaricatis elliptico-oblongis obtusis
0.6-0.9 mm. longis 0.5 mm. latis, connective compresso carinato
subreniformi utrinque rotundato 0.8-0.9 mm. longo 0.5 mm. alto; fila-
mentis glabris liberis 4-5 mm. longis; stylis glabris 12 mm. longis;
ovario depresso-globoso 3-5 mm. alto 4 mm. diam. tomentoso; carpi-
diis 14-16 maturis 10 mm. altis triovulatis extus tomentosis intus
glabris apice subtruncatis angulatis; seminibus maturis 3 mm.
longis villosis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between San Jose'
and Cucuta, east of Bergantm, state of Anzoategui, alt. 600-700 m.,
March 16, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 61519, "subherbaceous, 10 feet
tall; petals reflexed, dull yellow; filamentous base yellow green;
filaments golden-yellow; leaves membranaceous, gray green above,
pale grayish green below."
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 363
Two other collections which should be referred to this new species
are H. Pittier 23303, collected on river banks, between Seca bridge
and Motatan river, state of Trujillo, February 1, 1929, "shrub forming
large intricate thickets, flowers yellow," and H. Pittier 13100,
collected on shady river banks, road to El Tocuyo-Humocaro Bajo,
state of Lara, January 6, 1929, "a low shrub; flowers light yellow
to the core."
This species resembles A. giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet, but in that
species the seeds are glabrous, the carpels are biaristate, and the
petals are purple at the base.
Abutilon turumiquirense Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 6.5-10-metralis; foliis longe petiolatis, petiolis teretibus
supra canaliculatis 7-12 cm. longis stellato-tomentosis, laminis
membranaceis late ovatis subangulatis minute denticulatis, utroque
dentibus numerosi-ssimis, apice longe cuspidatis vel acute acumina-
tis basi cordatis 15-23 cm. longis 11-18 cm. latis, supra leviter
pilosis pilis simplicibus atque stellatis instructis, subtus cano-
tomentellis pilis stellatis dense munitis, 9-nerviis; inflorescentia
spicato-paniculata 18-25 cm. longa; floribus ignotis; pedunculis
fructiferis usque ad 4-6 mm. longis vel fructibus sessilibus; carpidiis
9 maturis 8-9 mm. altis extus paullo tomentosis intus glabris apice
subtruncatis; seminibus maturis 2.5 nun. longis villosis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on Cerro Turumiquire,
between La Trinidad and headwaters of Rio de Amana, state of
Sucre, alt. 1300-1800 m., May 10, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62689,
"tree 20-30 feet tall; bark smooth, pale gray; leaves membranaceous,
dull green above, gray below; fruit reputed edible."
Local name: "escoba."
This species is characterized by the arboreal habit, spicate-
paniculate inflorescence with sessile or shortly stalked fruiting
capsules of pubescent subtruncate carpels and villous seeds. The
stellate hairs on the stems and capsules are relatively coarse and
the pubescence on the upper surface of the leaves comprises rela-
tively elongated simple and stellate hairs mixed with shorter stellate
trichomes on the main nerves.
BOMBACACEAE21
Quararibea Steyermarkii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor. Rami viridi-grisei cortice minute rugulosi, valde juveniles
sparsis squamis stellatis rauniti.
Folia simplicia alterna coriacea petiolata siccitate viridi-lutes-
centia pallida, infra pallidiora. Petiolus teres crassiusculus, 10-12
ram. longus, plus minusve lepidotus. Lamina ovato-elliptica vel
obovato-elliptica, oblonga, basi obtusa vel subrotundata, apice
abrupte acuminata, margine laevis, 11-21 cm. longa, 5.5-10 cm. lata;
2lBy Jose Cuatrecasas
364
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
supra viridis pilis stellatis subsquamosis sparsis munita, nervis
medio lateralibusque paulo impressis, nervulis minute reticulatis
paulo conspicuis; subtus pallido-viridis costa carinata elevata nervis
secundariis prominentibus 5-7 utroque latere ascendentibus marginem
versus arcuatis extremis anastomosatis vel evanenscentibus, axillis
insertionis nervorum cum costa concrescentia callosa evoluta, nervis
tertiis trans versis remotis prorainulis, venulis minus prominulis laxe
FIGURE 74
Quararibea Steyermarkii
Fruit with persistent calyx (X 3).
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 365
reticulatis, pilis squamosis stellatis sparsis munitis. Stipulae
lineari-lanceolatae acutissimae crassiusculae, 8-10 mm. longae,
deciduae.
Flores solltarii longe pedicellati oppositifolii. Pedicellus circa
20 mm. longus tener rigidus parce stellato-pilosus, parte media
superior! sensim incrassatus, circa dimidiam partem tres bracteolas
parvas 1-2 mm. longas ferens. Calyx conico-tubulosus coriaceus 10
mm. longus, 6 mm. diam. apice 3-4 breviter lobulatus, lobuhs rptun-
datis inaequalibus, extus viridis squamis stellatis tectus mtus
dense sericeus. Petala 5 late lineari-spathulata circa 22 mm. longa,
4 mm alta, alba pubescentia basim versus longe unguiculato-
ancustata. Staminorum columna alba calycem excedens 15 mm. longa,
striata pubescens, apicem versus sensim dilatata, apice 5 dentata
dentibus obtusis crassiusculis, 1.5 mm. longis. Apice columnae
extus loculi antherarum elliptic! 1-1.5 mm. longi, valde congcsti sed
in duobus seriebus dispositi, superior quaterni cruciati in quoque
dente, inferior bini dispositi, omni coronam 3 mm. altam formantes.
Stylus linearis striolatus apice dilatatus, stamina paulo excedens.
Capsula (praematuratione) anguste elliptico-oblonga subfussiformis
apice longe angustata apiculata extremo mucronulato, extus dense
stellato-squamulosa, circa 25 mm. longa, 6 mm diam., apiculo 2 mm.
lato, monosperma. Semen oblongum 20-22 mm. longum, 3-4 mm. latum
(Fig. 74).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected along Quebrada
Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of ^Juan
Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, state of Monagas alt. 850-1350 m
April 9 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 61959, "flowers delicately
fragran?; like perfume; all parts except calyx white; calyx dull green;
leaves chartaceous-f irmly membranaceous rich green above, pale
green below; note enlarged parts at axis of midrib and lateral nerves
above and below."
The bark is used for tying purposes.
Local name: "carana."
Quararibea Steyermarkii is a remarkable new species on account of
its one-seeded fruit which is of a narrow elongated form simulating a
botde with a long neck but attenuate at the base. The leaves on he
lower surface a?e characterized by a callose excrescence in the
angles formed by the lateral nerves with the midnerve.
STERCULIACEAE
Melochia Humboldtiana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herba annua erecta; caulibus simplicibus vel parce ramosis 1.5-
4.5 dm. altis supra medium hirsutis superne pilis glanduhfens muni-
ti's; foliis breviter petiolatis, petiolis 3'9 mm. longis hirsutis,
laminis ovatis apice acutis vel acuminatis basi rotundatis vel obtu-
sis 1-3 cm. longis 1-1.6 cm. latis crebro serratis supra secus cpstam
mediam adpresso-pilosis atque in lineas strumoso-adpresso-pilosis
munitis ceterum glabris, subtus secus costam mediam atque plerum-
que nervos laterales adpresso-pilosis ceterum plerumque glabris,
366 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
nervis secundariis utroque 9-10 rectis adscendentibus ad margines
exeuntibus supra sulcatis subtus prominentibus; paniculis terminali-
bus laze ramosis, ramis nudls gracilibus strictis hirsutis atque pills
glanduliferis munitis, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis glandulosi-pilosis;
floribus parvis luteis; calyce 5-fido, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis longe
acuminatis 2.2 mm. longis, tubo 1.8 mm. longo parce hlspldulo;
petalis obovatls apiculatls vel subito acutis basi stipitatis 6.5 mm.
longis supra medium 2.2 mm. latis; tubo stamineo 2.2 mm. longo
glabro; antheris 0.8 mm. longis late oblongis; ovario ad apicem pills
brevibus adpressis vel erectis hispidulis ceterum glabris; capsula
matura subgloboso-turbinato basi stipitato 4.5-5 mm. alto 4-4.5 mm.
lato ad apicem parce hispidulo praecipue angulis ceterum glabro
granulis paucis sessilibus excepto; seminibus trigonis ca. 1.5 mm.
longis striatulatis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on rocky open lime-
stone slopes, between Cocollar and Guamal, state of Sucre, alt. 1200
m., May 1, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62436, "petals rich yellow."
Yellow-flowered species of Melochia are comparatively rare. This
species is most closely related to M. kerriaefolia Tr. & PI., origi-
nally described from Colombia, but differs from that species princi-
pally in the mature fruits, which instead of being hirsute or
hispidulous throughout are hispidulous only at the summit, and,
except for some sessile granular excrescences over the surface, are
glabrous. The calyx in M. Humboldtiana is less pubescent, while the
peduncles and pedicels appear to be more abundantly glandular-pilose
than in M. kerriaefolia.
This species commemorates the name of the famous explorer who
passed through the same general route as was traversed by the
present author.
DILLENIACEAE
Doliocarpus esmeraldae Steyermark, sp. nov.
Scandens, ramulis teretibus 5 mm. diametro dense molliter fulvo-
toraentosis; foliis coriaceis obovatis apice subito acute acuminatis
basi acutis in petiolum decurrentibus, 7-10 cm. longis 4-6.5 cm. latis
plerumque dimidio superiore repando-sinuatis supra secus costam
nervosque puberulis, subtus dense molliter tomentosis, nervis latera-
libus utroque 10-11 fere rectis supra canaliculato-impressis subtus
prominentibus, venis utrinque oblique lineolato-reticulatis; petiolis
9-12 mm. longis supra canaliculatis dense molliter pilosis; floribus
axillaribus fasciculatis 15-20; pedicellis gracillimis puberulis 10-16
mm. longis; sepalis suborbiculari-oblongis vel oblongis, apice rotun-
datis concavis 4-5 mm. longis 2.5-3-5 mm. latis intus glabris extus
puberulis; petalis ignotis; staminibus sepalis longioribus, filamentis
4.5-5 mm. longis glabris apice in connectivum dilatatis; antherarum
loculis 0.5-0.6 mm. longis; ovario subhemispherico 2.8-3 mm. dia-
metro glabro, stylo glabro; fructu ignoto.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between Sabana
Grande and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, Territorio Federal
f BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 367
Amazonas, alt. 200 m., August 23, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57879,
"sprawling vine; leaves coriaceous, dark green above, dull green
below; flowers greenish-yellow; fruit dull rose with green."
Other collections examined, all from or near the type locality, are
swampy ground, Grand Savanna, Esmeralda, Tate 282; and at Middle
Camp, Esmeralda, Tate 346.
This species is well marked by the densely soft tomentum of the
stems and lower surface of the leaves.
By Sprague and Williams the Tate collections were named as
Doliocarpus densiflorus (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 388. 1931), an un-
published name which the aforesaid authors believed to represent a
collection typified by a Spruce collection from Tarapoto, Peru. This
name, standing as such since 1931, and not considered published by
these authors (loc. cit.), may be considered only as a nomen nudum.
However, it is based on the collection of Spruce 4567, from Tarapoto,
Peru, treated by Eichler in Martius's Flora Brasiliensis 13. part l:
82. 1863, as variety ft densiflorus of D. brevipedicellatus Garcke.
As var. densiflorus the plant has already been properly published.
As a specific epithet in a new category the proper combination may
be made here:
Doliocarpus densiflorus (Eichler) Steyermark, comb. nov.
D. brevipedicellatus Garcke var. B densiflorus Eichler, in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 13, part 1: 82. 1863-
D. densiflorus Sprague & Williams ex Gleason, Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club 58: 388. 1931, name only treated as unpublished, and without
bibliographical citation.
The Spruce collection from Tarapoto, Peru, which Sprague &
Williams thought the same as the Tate collections from Venezuela, is
amply distinct from the new species here considered. The sepals in
the Spruce collection are shorter and narrower, the stems, petioles,
and lower surface of the blades are not softly tomentose as in D.
esmeraldae, and the pedicels are shorter with longer hairs.
Doliocarpus ptariensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Scandens, ramulis novellis parce adpresso-pubescentibus vetusti-
oribus glabris subteretibus; foliis subcoriaceo-chartaceis elliptico-
oblongis vel late oblongis vel fere oblanceolatis apice subito sub-
acutis vel acuminatis vel obtusis basi obtusis vel acutis in petiolum
decurrentibus, 8.5-15 cm. longis 2-7 cm. latis, subintegris vel prope
apicem obscure denticulatis, supra secus costam saepe parce pilosis
ceterum glabris, subtus secus costam nervosque adpresso-pilosis
ceterum glabris, nervis lateralibus utroque 9-13 paullo arcuatp-
adscendentibus vel fere rectis subtus prominulis, utrinque venis
arete conspicue reticulatis; petiolis 5-15 mm. longis supra canahcu-
latis supra plerumque dense tomentosis, subtus adpresso-pilosis vel
glabrescentibus; floribus axillaribus fasciculatis fere sessilibus,
pedicellis 1-1.5 mm. longis tomentellis; sepalis suborbiculanbus
apice rotundatis 4-6 mm. longis 4.5-5.5 mm. latis intus glabris extus
368 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
dense puberulis; petalis albis obovatis apice rotundatis 8 mm. longis
5-6 mm. latis; staminibus sepalis longioribus; filamentis 6-8 mm.
longis glabris apice in connectivum dilatatis; antherarum loculis
0.6-0.7 mm. longis; ovario suborbiculari hirsute, stylo dense pu-
bescente; fructu globoso 7 ram. diametro dense hirtello.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in vicinity of "Misia
Kathy" camp, southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepuf, state of Bolivar,
alt. 1585-1600 m., November 10-11, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
59972, "woody vine; sepals dull rose without, pale dull green within;
petals white; filaments white; leaves subcoriaceous-chartaceous,
dark green above, dull pale green below, midrib purplish-brown."
Fruiting material of this species was collected on steep wooded
slopes just below dry ridge and shrubby growth, southeast-facing
slopes, Ptari-tepui', alt. 1585-1600 m., November 10-11, 1944, Steyer-
mark 59983. This fruiting collection, taken within a short distance
of the type locality, has the leaves more oblanceolate and somewhat
more abruptly acuminate at the apex than in the type, but in all other
particulars is the same.
The species is well marked by the almost sessile flowers, leaf
shape, finely reticulate venation on both sides of the leaf-blades,
especially above, and by the densely tomentose ovary and fruit. It is
closely related to D. savannarum Sandwith and D. virgatus Sagot.
From the former it differs in the densely tomentose ovary and fruit, in
the conspicuously fine reticulation on both surfaces of the leaves, in
the larger petals, broader sepals, and longer filaments. From D.
virgatus it is distinguished principally by having the lower part of
the leaf blades glabrous except for the appressed-pilose midrib and
lateral nerves rather than tomentose throughout, and by having both
sides of the leaf blades conspicuously finely reticulate.
Like these species and D. para'ensis Sleuraer, this is a member of
Subgen. Calinea, Sect. Eudoliocarpus Gilg.
Saurauia meridensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 3 m. altus, ramis dense setis longis patentibus rufescenti-
bus setoso-hirsutis; foliis firme membranaceis elliptico- obovatis vel
late oblanceolatis apice subito longe acuminatis basi acutis vel sub-
acutis 15-21 cm. longis 7.5-10 cm. latis, inaequaliter setuloso
denticulatis, dentibus salientibus, supra rugosis, venis arete reticu-
latis, sat dense setis ferrugineis basi bulbosis setoso-hirsutis,
subtus pallido-viridibus dense setis longis rufescentibus molliter
villosis, nervis lateralibus utroque 15-22 patento-adscendentibus,
subtus costa media dense pilis longis patentibus villosis; petiolis
ca. 1.7 mm. longis dense setis longis patentibus rufescentibus
setoso-hirsutis; inflorescentia lateral! longipedunculata; pedunculo
8 cm. longo dense setis longis patentibus rufescentibus setoso-
hirsutis; thyrsis laxe paniculatis 10.5 cm. longis 10-12 cm. latis
paucifloris, rhachi ramis pedicellisque dense pilis rufescentibus
setoso-hirsutis; pedicellis 11-13 mm. longis; sepalis ovato-oblongis
obtusis 7-8 mm. longis 3'4 mm. latis extimis duobus undique dorso
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 369
dense pills longis patentibus rufescentibus basi bulbosis obtectis,
aliis tribus linea dorsali pilis longis patentibus obtectis ceterum
albido-tomentosis intus toraentellis; petalis oblongis apice obtusis
5-6 mm. longis $-4 mm. latis; staminibus ca-35 basi pilis intermixes;
ovario glabro.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in woods along
canyon ^of Rio Canagua, near Canagua, between Mucuchachi' and
Canagua', state of Merida, alt. 1065-1820 m., May 6, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 56344, "shrub 10 feet tall; petals full white; leaves firm-
ly membranaceous, dull olive green and rugose above, pale green
below; midrib below brownish at base; hairs brick red or
rufous-buff. ' '
Local name: "guaco morado."
It is reported that this species is used in treatment of snake bite.
Also an infusion of the leaves from the plant is taken internally by
inhabitants of the region for malaria.
This species differs from other known South American species in
the dense, long, rufous hairs which cover all parts of the leaves,
stems, inflorescence, and calyx. It somewhat resembles S. Lehmanii
Hieron. of Ecuador, but in that species the leaves, especially below,
are not densely pubescent as in the new species. In some respects
this species approaches S. cuchumatanensis Standl. & Steyerm.
of Guatemala, from which it differs in the leaves being broadest
above the middle and in the denser pubescence on the lower surface
of the leaves.
Some of the flowers of the type collection show abnormalities of
the androecium and other portions.
OCHNACEAE
Ouratea duidae Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.3-metralis; ramulis glabris; foliis coriaceis petiolatis,
petiolis 3-4.5 mm. longis crassis transverse rugosis; laminis ovatis
vel ellipticis apice acutis basi rotundatis vel obtusis 5.5-9.5 cm.
longis 1.7-4.1 cm. latis utrinque glabris, costa media subtus minute
puberula excepto, marginibus crebro repando-crenulatis, nervis
lateralibus arcuato-adscendentibus utrinque cum venulis tenuissimis
prominulis; paniculis terminalibus paucifloris 1.5-2.3 cm. longis,
rhachi papilloso-puberula; pedicellis 6-9 mm. longis glabris; sepalis
ligulato-oblongis apice rotundatis carinatis 7 mm. longis 2-2.5 mm.
latis glabris; gynophoro 0.5 mm. longo; stylo 5-5.5 mm. longo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on summit of Cerro
Duiad, Savana Hills, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 1025-1200 m.,
September 2, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 58284, "shrub 4 feet tall;
leaves coriaceous, deep dull green above, dull green below; petals
yellow."
This species is related to O. caracasana (Planch.) Engl. , from
which it is distinguished by the short inflorescences, few small
flowers, and more strongly nerved leaves.
370 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Ouratea Grosourdyi (Van Tiegh.) Steyerm., comb. nov.
Cercouratea Grosourdyi Van Tiegh. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Par., ser. 8,
XVI: 278. 1902; Ouratea praecox Sleumer, Notiz. 13: 352. 1936.
A comparison of isotype material (H. Pittier 12369) of Ouratea
praecox Sleumer with a fragment and photograph of the type of Cer-
couratea Grosourdyi, preserved in the herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. MIIS.,
shows that the two species are conspecific. Recently collected
Venezuelan material (Steyermark 62854 and 62877 from the state of
Sucre, and Steyermark 61755 from the state of Monagas) may be re-
ferred to this species.
Ouratea ptaritepuiensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.7-2.7 m. altus; ramulis crassis dense foliosis; foliis
coriaceo-chartaceis petiolatis, petiolis crassis transverse rugosis
2.5-6 mm. longis glabris; laminis ovalibus apice rotundatis vel sub-
emarginatis basi rotundatis vel subcordatis 2.7-5 cm. longis 2-2.8
cm. latis margine praeter partem inferiorem integerrimam obsolete
crenulato, costa media utrinque prominente, nervis later all bus
arcuato-adscendentibus cum venulis numerosis subtus prominulis,
glabris; paniculis terminalibus 4.5 cm. longis, ramulis patento-
adscendentibus eis rhachique glabris; pedicellis 6-9 mm. longis
glabris; sepalis oblongis vel ovato-oblongis obtusis 6 mm. longis
3-3.5 mm. latis carinatis glabris; petalis obovato-oblongis vel
oblongo-spatulatis apice rotundatis 6.5-7.5 mm. longis 4-4.5 mm.
latis; antheris subulatis 6 mm. longis rugulosis; gynophoro 5-sulcato
0.9-1 mm. longo; fructu ignoto.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in swamp on open
level portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepuf, state
of Bolivar, alt. 1600 m., November 1, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
59642, "shrub 5-8 feet tall; perianth deep yellow within, rich green
without; pedicels grass green; leaves coriaceous-chartaceous, dark
green above, dull paler green below."
This species is related to O. roraimae Engl., of which it may
represent only a variety, but differs in its smaller leaf-blades, short-
er petioles, smaller and shorter inflorescences, and smaller petals.
It is related also to O. mazaruniensis A. C. Sm. & Dwyer, from which
it differs in the crenulations of the leaf margins not developed in the
lower half, the less prominent, more numerous secondary nerves of
the lower leaf surface, denser shorter inflorescence, thicker pedicels
and peduncles, smaller leaf blades, longer petioles, and secondary
nerves fading out before reaching the margin.
Ouratea venezuelensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 6-10-metralis; ramulis glabris foliosis; foliis coriaceis
petiolatis, petiolis 4-8 mm. longis crassis transverse-rugulosis;
laminis anguste vel late oblongis vel lanceolato-ellipticis apice
plerumque rotundatis vel obtusis interdum subacutis basi plerumque
rotundatis vel obtusis interdum subacutis 4-11 cm. longis 1.5-4.3 cm.
latis, marginibus integerrimis, costa media utrinque valde prominente,
nervis lateralibus arcuato-adscendentibus tenuissimis obscuris,
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - II 371
elabris; paniculis terminalibus folia superantibus, rarnulis 5-10 cm.
longis adscendentibus glabris; pedicellis 5-8 mm. longis glabns;
sepalis cucullatis ovato-oblongis obtusis 8.5-8.75 mm. longis 3.J-4
mm. latis glabris; petalis oblongo-obovatis vel obovato-spatulatis
Ece rotundatis 9.5-10 mm. longis 5.5-6.5 mm. latis; anthens subu-
latis 6.5-7 mm. longis transverse va de rugulosis; gynophoro 5-
sulcato 8-9 mm. longo; stylo 7.5 mm. longo; drupis oblongis 12-1
mm. longis 7 mm. diametro.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected en las ma'rgenes
arboreadas del Cano Temi, Yavita, Territorio Federa Amazonas ah:.
m m., February 2, 1942, Llewelyn Williams 14152, "arbol ^de 6-8 m.
de almra con ramas akrgadas^arcuadas; tronco corto, 40 cm. de
diametro; corteza de color castano y el liber rojizo.
Other collections preserved in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., all from
Territorio Federal Amazonas, are, en las ^«e°fs "^"^"^
clZo Temi Yavita alt. 128 m., January 30, 1942, Williams 14093,
"aZl dTs m de altura; corona de forma irregular; tronco erecto en
la pane basaT 15 cm. en adelante de diametro, sin ramas por unos 3
m corteza gris o castano, aspera, el liber roji^zo; madera de colo
' ' r. verde; fls. amarillas, en aniculas terminales , el
Local name: "aji de paloma."
adeyusti«ab,e .0 «.«e leaf
forms based on such variations.
of O. rotundifolia.
Poecilandra pumila Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 0.8-1 m. altus; ramulis gracilibus, ad apices dense foliosis;
lii* subsessilibus, petiolis 0.5-2 mm. longis glabris; lamims
372 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
coriaceis oblanceolatis vel spatulatis apice rotundatis vel obtusis
vel emarginatis basi cuneatis 2-4.5 cm. longis 0.8-1.5 cm. latis,
glabris praeter margines glandulari-ciliatos, ciliis ad 0.5 mm. longis,
laminis vetustioribus saepe glaberrimis, subintegerrimis, costa sub-
tus valde prominente, nervis lateralibus cum venis adscendentibus
numerosissimis; stipulis oblique lanceolatis apice acutis 2.5-3 mm.
longis 1 mm. latis glabris, marginibus fimbriatulis, caducis; panicu-
lis terminalibus laxifloris bracteatis ad 15 cm. longis; bracteis
inferioribus oblongo-lanceolatis apice obtusis vel acutis 7-17 mm.
longis 2.5-5 mm. latis, marginibus valde glandulari-setulosis, setulis
ad 0.75 mm. longos attingentibus, caeterum glabris; pedicellis 7-17
mm. longis glabris; sepalis inaequalibus glabris eciliatis, duobus
exterioribus late oblongis apice rotundatis 4.5 mm. longis 3.5 mm.
latis, duobus intimis elliptico-ovatis apice obtusis vel acutis 8-8.5
mm. longis 5-6 mm. latis, quinto late oblongo apice rotundato 7 mm.
longo 4.5-5 mm. lato; petalis obovatis apice rotundatis prope margi-
nem paullo erosis 14 mm. longis 8 mm. latis; staminodiis exterioribus
ca. 25 quam interioribus brevioribus apice spatulatis inferne fili-
formibus 5 mm. longis; staminodiis interioribus ca. 25 inaequalibus
elongatis curvatis filiformibus staminibus aequantibus vel breviori-
bus 8-10 mm. longis; staminibus 5, filamentis deflexis sursum dilata-
tis 3 mm. longis; antheris anguste oblongis obtusis 4 mm. longis
0.8-0.9 mm. latis; stylo subulato 5 mm. longo; ovario elliptico-
oblongo 2 mm. longo, uniloculari; placentis tribus 8 ovulos ferendis;
capsula coriacea fusiformi-elliptica apice longe cuspidata 2.3-2.7
cm. longis 6-7 mm. diametro; seminibus alatis fulvis 4.5 mm. longis
2 mm. latis (Fig. 75).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in sandy wet meadow,
Gran Sabana, on large mesa, between Mission of Santa Teresita de
Kavanaye'n to Rio Karuai, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., October
26, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59342, "shrub 2~3 feet tall; flowers
yellow as are filaments; leaves coriaceous, dull green both sides."
Cotype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in savanna, vi-
cinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and
Sororopan-tepuf, state of Bolivar, alt. 1615 m., November 15-17,
1944, Steyermark 60235, "shrub 2-3 feet tall; petals yellow; pedicels
pale green to brick-salmon."
This species is at once distinguished from all the other known
species of the genus by the dwarf habit and small leaves.
Sauvagesia duidae Steyermark, sp. nov.
Suffrutex 1-metralis; ramulis caulibusque glabris 2-5 mm. diametro;
caulibus superne dense foliosis; foliis in petiolum decur/entibus,
petiolis 3"7 mm. longis; laminis subcoriaceis anguste ellipticis vel
lanceolato-ellipticis utrinque acuminatis apice setuloso-cuspidatis,
3.5-5.5 cm. longis 0.8-1.2 cm. latis glabris, marginibus adpresso-
serrulatis praeter basin, serraturis 2-3 mm. distantibus, costa media
subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus principalibus 10-11, cum venis
numerosissimis, omnibus valde adscendentibus, setis ad apicem
foliorum 2-2.5 mm. longis; stipulis lineari-subulatis 7-8 mm. longis
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
373
C D
FIGURE 75
Poecilandra pumila
A, Habit of flowering branch (X2.5); B, Inner starainodium (X 2.2);
C-D, Outer starainodia (X 21A); E, deflexed filament (X 4).
374 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
prominente longe ciliatis, ciliis gracilibus 5-8 mm. longis basi ramu-
losis; floribus axillaribus, solitariis vel 2-3 per bostrychera, pedi-
cellis 14-16 mm. longis glabris; sepalis subaequalibus lanceolatis
acuminatis ad apicem glandulari-ciliatis, 6.8-7.2 mm. longis, ciliis
ad 1 mm. longis; petalis albis obovatis apice obtusis basi subito
substipitatis 6.5 mm. longis 4.2 mm. latis; coronae exterioris seg-
mentis spatulatis 2-3-seriatis 2.5 mm. longis, segmentis coronae
interioris oblongo-lanceolatis subobtusis 4.5 mm. longis 1.2 mm.
latis; antheris breve stipitatis 2.2 mm. longis; filamentis 0.5 mm.
longis; stylis subulatis ovario longioribus glabris 2.8-3 mm. longis
sub fructu 3.5 mm. longis; ovario ovoideo 2 mm. longo; fructu ignoto
(Fig. 76).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on southeastern-
facing sandstone bluffs hanging over moist bluffs, near Cano Negro
(tributary of Cano Iguapo), Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 1400
m., August 26, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 58021, "petals white;
shrubby, 3 feet tall with sprangling stems; leaves subcoriaceous,
grass green above, paler green below; bracts buff-brown."
This unusual suffruticose species is related to S. grandifolia
Dwyer of Brazil, from which it differs in the smaller sepals, shorter
anthers, broadly spatulate outer coronal segments, firmer leaves with
more conspicuous callous margins, with the marginal teeth longer
and more pointed.
Sauvagesia longipes Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herba pusilla ad 5 cm. alta; caule simplice dense foliosa; foliis
confertis in petiolum decurrentibus, petiolis ad 2 mm. longis; laminis
firrae membranaceis subtus lavendulis anguste oblanceolatis vel
oblanceolato-spatulatis apice subacutis basi cuneatim angustatis
8-20 mm. longis 2.5-5 mm. latis glabris, marginibus crebro serrulato-
crenulatis, crenulis glandulosis marginatis apice revolutis utroque
8-10, costa media prominenti, nervis atque venis numerosissimis,
omnibus adscendentibus plus minusve parallelibus; stipulis lineari-
subulatis 3*5 mm. longis prominente longe ciliatis, ciliis 4-4.5 mm.
longis; floribus terminalibus vel subterminalibus solitariis vel 2-5
aggregatis, pedicellis elongatis 13-20 mm. longis glabris; sepalis
ovato-lanceolatis apice acuminatis, 3.8-4.5 mm. longis basi 1.5 mm.
longis, 10-striatis, ad apicera longe 3-5-ciliatis, cilia apicali 0.5-0.6
mm. longa, ad margines prope basin sepalorum exteriorum utroque
glandulis 3, sepalorum interiorium nullis; petalis roseis vel albis
oblanceolatis acutis 3.5 mm. longis 1-1.1 mm. latis 7-nervatis,
nerviis plus minusve parallelibus; coronae exterioris segmentis
numerosissimis linearibus vel subulatis, appendice spatulata acuta,
1.5-1.8 mm. longis; coronae interioris segmentis 5 unguiculatis
spatulatis 2.5 mm. longis, lamina elliptico-oblonga obtusa 1.5 mm.
longa 0.7 mm. lata, ungue 1 mm. longo; antheris 4-locularibus apice
prominentibus, late oblongis vel ovoideo-oblongis 0.7 mm. longis
0.4-0.5 mm. latis; filamentis 1-1.1 mm. longis; stigmati subdiscoideo
vel subcapitato in medio depresso; stylo subulate 1.5 mm. longo;
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
375
B C
D E
FIGURE 76
Sauvagesia duidae
A, Habit of flowering branch (X ^); B — E, Outer coronal segments
(X 3.5); F, Outer coronal segment (X 3.5); G, Inner coronal segment
(X 3.25); H, Petal (X 1.9); I, Leaf (X 1).
376 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ovario ovoideo 0.9 mm. longo; ovulis ca. 20; seminibus castaneis
20-22 ovoideis apiculatis 0.5 mm. longis grosse prominence
reticulato-alveolatis (Fig. 77).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in crevices of bluff
along waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopa'n-
tepui' state of Bolivar, alt. 1615 m., November 15, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 60215, "petals pink to white; leaves deep green above,
pale green to lavender below."
This species is distinguished by its spatulate inner coronal seg-
ments with distinct claw, filamentose outer coronal segments, elon-
gate peduncles, long cilia at tip of sepals, ovoid apiculate seeds,
subcapitate stigma, oblanceolate acute petals, and the habit of
closely crowded oblanceolate, closely revolutely toothed leaves with
1-5 flowers at the tip of stem. The species is most closely related
to S. linearifolia St. Hil. and S. pulchellc Seem.
This species may best be treated as constituting a new section.
Sauvagesia Sect. Spatulatae Steyermark, sectio nova
Coronae interioris segmenta unguiculata. Stigma subdiscoidea vel
subcapitata.
Type species, Sauvagesia longipes Steyermark.
Sauvagesia miniata Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herba pusilla 4.5-14 cm. alta; caule erecto simplice vel ramoso
foliosa; foliis in petiolum subito decurrentibus petiolis 1-1.5 mm.
longis; laminis membranaceis anguste vel late ellipticis velelliptico-
oblanceolatis utrinque acutis vel acuminatis 6-13 mm. longis 2-5 mm.
latis glabris, calloso-marginatis glanduloso-serrulatis praeter prope
basin, serraturis utroque 6-8, costa media prominenti, nervis laterali-
bus principalibus 7-8 adscendentibus; stipulis lineari-setaceis 2.5-3
mm. longis longe ciliatis, ciliis 1-1.5 mm. longis; floribus e summis
axillis 1-4 per bostrychem, pedicellis 4-8 mm. longis glabris; sepalis
ellipticis 2.1-2.3 mm. longis acuminatis apice ciliatis, cilia 0.5 mm.
longa; petalis oblongis, apice rotundatis 1.6 mm. longis; coronae
exterioris segmentis ut videtur ca. 5 fere nullis subulatis 0.2 mm.
longis vel tantum appendicibus linearibus minutis; coronae interioris
segmentis 5, oblongis obtusis 1.2 mm. longis 0.3 mm. latis; antheris
elliptico-oblongis 0.5 mm. longis; filamentis 0.5 mm. longis; stylo
0.3 mm. longo; ovario subgloboso 0.4 mm. longo (Fig. 78).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in vicinity of Sana-
riapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco river, Territorio
Federal Amazonas, alt. 100 m., September 8, 1944, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 58467, "stems erect; petals lilac."
Also collected in shade of boulders, Esmeralda Ridge, between
Esmeralda and base of Cerro Duida, Territorio Federal Amazonas,
alt. 150 m., August 21, 1944, Steyermark 57730.
This species resembles S. pulchella Seem, in its tiny sepals and
petals, but the stipules are not glandular-jointed. The sepals and
petals are much smaller than those of S. tenella Lam.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
377
©
FIGURE 77
Sauvagesia longipes
A, Habit of plant (X 1); B, Leaf (X 1.5); C, Seed (X 25); D, Petal
(X 5.4); E, Sepal (X 5); F, Apex of sepal (more highly magnified than
E); G, Base of one margin of sepal (more highly magnified than E); H,
Pistil (X 12.5); I» Outer coronal segments (X 11); J, Inner coronal
segment (X 11); K, Anther with portion of attached filament (X 14);
L, Stamen (X 14).
378 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
MARCGRAVIACEAE
Marcgravia sororopaniana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Caules procumbentes; foliis coriaceis subsessilibus vel breviter
petiolatis, petiolis 3 mm. longis 3 mm. crassis; laminis oblongo-
oblanceolatis vel lanceolato-oblongis apice acutis basi obtusis 5.5-8
cm. longis 2.3*3 cm. latis glabris, marginibus integerrimis vel sub-
integerrimis glandulis depressis munitis, subtus epunctatis, costa
media prominent!, nervis secundariis utroque paullo evanidis;
racemis terminalibus umbelliformibus ca. 14-floris brevipedunculatis,
pedunculis 1.8 cm. longis; pedicellis florium fertiliura tuberculato-
verruculosis 2-2.2 cm. longis; bracteis tubuloso-cucullatis superne
clavatis 4-4.3 cm. longis; sepalis florium fertilium orbicularibus
apice rotundatis 3*4 mm. longis 5.5-6 mm. latis; petalis 7 mm. longis;
staminibus 11-15; antheris 3 mm. longis; filamentis applanatis lineari-
bus 2-3 mm. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on Sororopa'n-tepuf,
along wooded streamlet on crest of cerro between east and west end,
state of Bolivar, alt. 2255 m., November 14, 1944, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 60127, "stems descending and procumbent; leaves coriaceous,
deep green above, paler green below; flowers dull green with ruddy
brick on parts. "
This species is characterized by having the tubular sterile bracts
longer than the pedicels of the fertile flowers, the crowded flowers,
the 11-15 stamens, and the subsessile, coriaceous, short-pointed
leaves, which are epunctate on the lower surface.
It differs from M. purpurea I. W. Bailey in the shorter petioles,
narrower and shorter-pointed, coriaceous leaf blades, shorter and
less numerous pedicels, and short-pedunculate racemes. From M.
Wittmackiana Gilg it differs in having 11-15 instead of 21-23 sta-
mens, and in the much shorter petioles.
Souroubea guianensis Aubl., var. tomentella Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo differt rhachi dense ferrugineo-tomentella atque pedicellis
minute puberulentibus.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in dense forest at
base of cerro along Rio Karuai, Ptari-tepuf, state of Bolivar, alt.
1220 m., November 27, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60652, "liana;
leaves coriaceous, dark green above, dull green below; spur and
corolla red; other parts green and yellow."
Also collected in wooded quebrada along outer margin, Gran
Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio
Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, state of Bolivar, alt. 1065 m.,
October 2, 1944, Steyermark 59153, "vining, sprawling over shrubs;
leaves coriaceous, deep green; petals reflexed, dark red, rest of
flower dull green with yellow, fragrant."
Local name: "pirboi-yek."
In this portion of Venezuela the flexible and easily bent stems of
this variety are used by the local inhabitants as frames for their
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
379
IHU
FIGURE 78
Sauvagesia miniata
A, Habit of plant (X 1); B, Leaf (X 1.5); C, Pistil (X 15); D, One of
the inner coronal segments with two stamens and an outer staminodi-
um (X 11.25); E, Sepal (X 7.25); F, Outer staminodium (X 2.25);
G, Petal (X 6.25).
380 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
"guarares" (a sort of woven reed basket carried on the back and
supported by strips of tough bark placed around the forehead). Heal-
ing properties are believed to be present in the bark which is boiled
in water and then placed on cuts and open wounds.
THEACEAE22
Freziera Steyermarkii Kobuski, sp. nov.
Arbor 15-25 m. alta, cortice fulvo levi, ramulis teretibus atro-
rubris, apice adpresso-puberulentibus. Folia firme membranacea,
ovata, 10-15 cm. ionga, 4-5 cm. lata, apice acuminata, basi sub-
rotundata vel obtusa, distincte inaequalia, supra glabra basi costae
excepta, subtus venis costaque adpresso-pubescentia, margine
denticulata, costa supra canaliculata subtus elevata, venis 12-15
paribus subtus prominentibus, petiolis 1-1.5 cm. longis undique
pubescentibus. Flores axillares, 5-7-fasciculati; pedicellis 4-5 mm.
longis, adpresso-pubescentibus; bracteolis 2, apice pedicellorum
positis, oppositis, suborbicularibus, subaequalibus, concavis, ca. 2
mm. longis latisque, leviter adpresso-pubescentibus; sepalis 5,
imbricatis, subaequalibus, subrotundatis, exterioribus duobus eras-
sis, concavis, ca. 2.75 mm. longis et 3 mm. latis (in fructu ca. 5 mm.
longis), fulvo-sericeis, interioribus tribus tenuioribus, subconcavis,
densiore fulvo-sericeis, margine submembranaceis; petalis 5> imbri-
catis, obovatis, albidulis, basi medioque subcrassis, 5~5.5 mm.
longis, ca. 3 mm. latis; staminodiis (in floribus pistillatis) paucis,
0.65-0.70 mm. longis; ovario ($ fl.) glabro, conico, ca. 3 mm. longo
et 2 mm. diametro, ad apicem attenuato, 3-loculato, loculis multi-
ovulatis; stigmatibus tripartitis, ad basim liberis, punctatis, ca. 0.3
mm. longis. Fructus globosus, ad maturitatem atrans, pericarpio
tenui, ca. 1 cm. longus, 0.7 mm. diametro, tri-loculatus, loculatis
multi-seminatis, seminibus minutis, ca. 1 mm. diametro, pariter
reticulato-tuberculatis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. Arnold Ar-
boretum, collected on forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas,
tributary of Rio Neven' between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," north-
east of Bergantin, state of Anzoategui, alt. 900-1000 m., March 9,
1945, Julian A. Steyermark 61443, "tree 25 m. high with smooth buff
bark; leaves drooping in two planes, firmly membranaceous, deep
dull green above, pale green below with yellow-green nerves; petals
creamy white; calyx pale green; fruit ovoid, deep green turning dark
purple and shiny."
Also collected on Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Paja-
rral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between
Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., April 19, 1945, Steyermark
62206, "tree 15 m. tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, dark green
above, pale green below; corolla whitish; calyx pale dull green."
This species is most closely related to the Bolivian F . inaequi-
latera Britton. The latter species differs from F. Steyermarkii in the
"By Clarence E. Kobuski, in part.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 381
dense tomentose pubescence found on the branchlets, leaves, pedi-
cels and other parts of the plant, the coriaceous (rather than mem-
branaceous) elliptic-lanceolate leaves, and the larger, deltoid,
apiculate bracteoles.
Ternstroemia acrodantha Kobuski & Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor omnino glabra, 10-27 ra. alta ve! frutex ca. 8 m. altus,
ramulis teretibus griseis. Folia coriacea, obovata, 8-10 cm. longa,
3-5-4.5 cm. lata, apice obtuse acuta vel rare subrotundata, basi
cuneata, supra viridia, subtus flavo-viridia et punctata, margine
subrevoluta, integerrima vel leviter glandulosa, costa supra cana-
liculata subtus elevata, nervis (ca. 10 paribus) subinconspicuis,
petiolis ca. 10 mm. longis. Floris solitarii, 4-10, apice ramulorum
congesti, pedicellis 3.5-5 cm. longis, teretibus, tenuiter erectis vel
suberectis; bracteolis 2,oppositis, apice pedicelli positis, inaequali-
bus, deltoideis et ovatis, ca; 5x5 mm. et ca. 5*3 ram*» margine
glanduloso-denticulatis; sepalis 5, imbricatis, subrotundatis, 6-8
mm. longis, 7-8 mm. latis, exterioribus duobus margine glanduloso-
denticulatis, interioribus tribus margine integerrimis et laeve mem-
branaceis; petalis 5, albis, suavissimis, obovatis, concavis, basi
connatis, circiter 12 mm. longis et 9 mm. latis; staminibus numerosis
(ca. 100+), ut videtur 3-seriatis, 7-10 mm. longis, filamentis conna-
tis, albis, basi corollam adnatis, 2-3 mm. longis, antheris elongatis,
aureo-luteis, 5-7 mm. longis, apice non apiculatis, ovario conico,
basi ca. 4 mm. diametro, 3-loculato, stylo crasso, ca. 2 mm. longo,
stigmate 3-lobato, crenato-capitato. Fructus non visus.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. Arnold Ar-
boretum, collected on rich steep northwest- and northeast-facing
forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, state of Me'rida, alt.
2285-2745 m., May 18, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56582, "tree 10-27
m.; leaves coriaceous, deep green above, dull green and brownish
punctate below; flowers fragrant, the petals waxy-white, the sepals
pale green in lower half, pink above with whitish margins, the
pedicels pale green, the filaments white."
Other collections, all from the state of Merida, are the following:
rich forest on slopes near summit of Cerro San Isidro, above La
Carbonera, alt. 2430-2475 m., April 22, 1944, Steyermark 56041;
along Rio Albareggas, Monte Serpa, 5-10 kms. northeast of Merida,
alt. 1675-2135 m., April 18, 1944, Steyermark 55937, "tree 8-10 m;"
rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt.
1375-1920 m., April 25, 1944, Steyermark 56090, "tree 8-10 m.;
anthers golden.'*
Local name: "manteca negra."
This species is closely related to T. macrocarpa Tr. & PI. in the
3-celled ovary, the 3-crenate-capitate stigma, and the large leaves.
It differs from T. macrocarpa in having the flowers aggregated (4-10)
at the summit of the branches rather than solitary-axillary, in the
slender pedicels, in the glandular-denticulate outer calyx-lobes, the
shorter petals, and in the location of the bracteoles which are im-
382 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
mediately below the calyx rather than 5-7 mm. below; also in the
smaller calyx-lobes (6-7 or up to 10 mm. rather than 11-13 mm. long).
Ternstroemia camelliaefolia Linden & Planchon, var. minor Kobuski
& Steyermark, var. nov.
A specie differt foliis angustioribus (2.5-3-5 cm. latis), pedicellis
longioribus (ca. 8 mm. longis), et floribus paucioribus minoribusque.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. Arnold Ar-
boretum, collected on seaward-facing north slopes, El Junquito,
Cordillera de la Costa, alt. 1830-2130 m., June 19, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 56979, "tree 8 m. with deep rich brown branchlets; leaves
coriaceous-chartaceous, deep green and shiny above, pale green
below, brown punctate; sepals greenish white."
Careful dissections show that Steyermark 56979 clearly belongs
with the species, T. camelliaefolia. However, because of its less
robust characters, in general it appears distinct. The leaves are
narrower, measuring only 2.5-3-5 cm. in width; the pedicels are some-
what longer, measuring up to 8 mm.; the flowers are fewer, hence
less crowded at the apices of the branchlets.
Ternstroemia Steyermarkii Kobuski, sp. nov.
Arbor omnino glabra, 10-20 m. alta; ramulis griseis vel brunneo-
griseis, teretibus. Folia chartacea vel subcoriaceo-chartacea,
obovata, 4-7 cm. longa et 1.5-2.5 cm. lata apice acuta (vel rare
obtusa), undique granulo-punctata, super viridia, subtus pallido-
viridia, margine integra vel subintegra, costa supra canaliculata,
subtus elevata, nervis inconspicuis, petiolis ca. 1 cm. longis.
Flores solitarii, axillares, pedicellis 1-2 cm. longis, recurvatis vel
suberectis, teretibus; bracteolis 2,oppositis, apice pedicelli positis,
subaequalibus lance olatis, 2-3 mm. longis, 0.5-1 mm. latis margine
glandules o-denticulatis; sepalis imbricatis, inaequalibus, exteriori-
bus duobus late ovatis, ca. 3.5 mm. longis et 3 mm. latis, margine
glanduloso-denticulatis, interioribus tribus subrotundatis, 5*6 mm.
longis et 5 mm. latis, margine membranaceis, eglandulosis; petalis
5, concavis, basi connatis, obovatis, ca. 7 mm. longis et 7-7.5 mm.
latis; staminibus numerosis (100+), ut videtur 3-seriatis, 3-5 mm.
longis, filamentis connatis, basi corollam adnatis, 1.5-4 mm. longis,
antheris ca. 1-1.5 mm. longis; ovario conico vel subgloboso basi 3
mm. diametro, ca. 2 mm. longo, 2-loculato, loculo utroque 2-ovulato,
stylo integro, ca. 1.5-2 mm. longo, stigmate crenato-capitato. Fructus
subglobosus vel ovoideus, 1-1.5 cm. longus, 2-loculatus, loculo
utroque duobus seminibus.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. Arnold Ar-
boretum, collected around dried sphagnum bog in cloud forest on
wooded summit of Cerro Paeonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa
Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergant/n, state of
Anzoa'tegui, alt. 2350 m., March 21, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark
61665, "tree ca. 15 m«; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above,
dull green below; calyx greenish white, the petals whitish."
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 383
Also collected on north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and
Quebrada El Bogueron, southwest of Cocollar, Cerro Turumiquire,
state of Sucre, alt. 1700-1800 m., May 3, 1945, Steyermark 62454,
"tree 20 m. with smooth gray-brown bark; leaves coriaceous-
chartaceous;" and above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone southwest
of Cocollar, Cerro Turumiquire, state of Sucre, alt. 2100-2200 m.,
May 5, 1945, Steyermark 62558, "tree 15-20 m.; petals dull white,
the filaments white."
This species appears to be most closely allied to T. Mutisiana
Kob. in the 2-celled ovary, the capitate stigma, the shorter style and
the lanceolate bracteoles, but differs in the more numerous stamens
in three or more series, the longer filaments, the absence of a pro-
jection on the anthers and in the chartaceous leaves. In this last
character the species resembles T. oligostemon Krug & Urban but
differs in the 2-celled ovary and the glandular-denticulate outer
sepals and bracteoles.
Ternstroemia Steyermarkii, var. submontana Kobuski, var. nov.
A specie differt foliis longioribus (ad 12 x 5 cm.), bracteolis late
ovatis vel suborbicularibus.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. Arnold Ar-
boretum, collected in vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana
and Guacharo, state of Monagas, alt. 1200-1480 m., April 21, 1945,
Julian A. Steyermark 62256, "tree 20-25 ra.; leaves subcoriaceous,
dark green above, pale green below."
Also collected along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries
of Rib Neven, between Ri'o Leon and "Carmelita," northeast of
of Bergantfn, state of Anzoategui, alt. 800-1200 m., March 5, 1945,
Steyermark 61365, "small tree 6-8 m.; fruit broadly conic, olive-
green."
This variety is from a much lower altitude and differs in the larger
leaves and the broadly ovate or suborbicular bracteoles. The fruit
may be either two- or three-celled, both kindj being found on a
single specimen, the type.
Ternstroemia unilocularis Kobuski & Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex omnino glaber, 1-2 m. altus (vel arbor 6-8 m. alta, Steyer-
mark 62718); ramulis teretibus, griseis. Folia coriacea, erecta,
variabilia, elliptica, obovata vel suborbicularia, 3~4 (-5) cm. longa,
1.5-1.8 cm. lata apice rotundata vel obtusa, basi abrupte attenuata,
supra viridia, subtus ferrugineo-brunneo vel pallide viridia, brunneo-
punctata, margine subrevoluta, glanduloso-denticulata, costa supra
canaliculata, subtus elevata, venis ca. 6 paribus, supra leviter de-
pressis, subtus obscuris, petiolis 5-7 mm. longis. Flores solitarii,
axillares; pedicellis recurvatis, ca. 10 mm. longis, teretibus; brac-
teolis 2, basi calycis positis, oppositis, subaequalibus, rugosis,
subrotundatis, 1.75-2 ram. longis, 1.5-2 mm. latis, apice leviter
glanduloso-denticulatis; sepalis 5, imbricatis, subrugosis, sub-
aequalibus, latioribus quam longis, semi-orbicularibus, 2.5-3 mm.
longis, 3-4 mm. latis, exterioribus duobus margine glanduloso-
384 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
denticulatis, interioribus tribus margine modo leviter submembrana-
ceis; petalis 5, sepaloideis obovatis, concavis, basi leviter connatis,
apice rotundatis, ca. 6 mm. longis, 4.5-5 mm. latis, margine minute
denticulatis; staminibus ca. 45 vel 50, 3"4 mm. longis, ut videtur 2-
seriatis, inaequalibus, filamentis connatis, basi corollam adnatis,
1.5-2.5 mm. longis, antheris ca. 1.5 mm. longis, nonnumquam apicu-
latis; ovario longe conico, basi 2 mm. diametro, ad stigma attenuate,
1-loculato, pauci-ovulato, pericarpio 0.75 mm. crasso, stylo indis-
tincto (vel nullo), stigraate 3-lobato, crenato-peltato. Fructus sub-
globosus, ca. 7 mm. diametro, uno-loculatus, pauci-seminatus (ca. 2),
seminibus ca. 6x5 mm.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. Arnold Arbo-
retum, collected on south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed
shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Paeonfa
(Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan-
tiales, east of Bergantfn, state of Anzoategui, alt. 1800-2000 m.,
March 20, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 61626, "shrub 1-2 m.;leaves
erect, coriaceous, deep green above, pale green below, the petioles
deep red; pedicels nodding, dull red; corolla creamy white, the
sepals pale green, tinged rose-red."
Also collected in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western
extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de
Neverf, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, state of Sucre, alt. 2000
m., May 11, 1945, Steyermark 62718, "tree 6-8 m.; leaves dark green
above, ferrugineous-brown on young leaves and stems, silvery with
pale rufous on older leaves."
The species most closely related to T. unilocularis is T. dis-
coidea Gleason, also of Venezuela. The latter species can be
separated by the longer pedicels (2.8 cm. long), the long-ovate,
alternate bracteoles, the more numerous (100+) uni-seriate stamens,
the distinct style 2 mm. long, and the striate verticillate branchlets.
This is the third species described from South America with a
single-celled ovary, the other two being T. discoidea, mentioned
above, and T. Gleasoniana Kob. from British Guiana. The features
by which T. Gleasoniana can be separated from T. unilocularis are:
the much larger leaves (18-21 x 7-8 cm.) with the epunctate lower
surface; the bracteoles at the base of the pedicel; the long-acuminate
petals connate for one-half the length; and the punctiform stigma.
GUTTIFERAE
Caraipa ferruginea Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 18-metralis; ramulis dense ferrugineo-hirtellis; foliis sub-
coriaceis petiolatis, petiolis 4-8 mm. longis dense tomentellis;
laminis oblongo-lanceolatis vel lanceolatis apice acutis vel acumi-
natis basi rotundatis 9-16.5 cm. longis 2.7-4.3 cm. latis supra glabris
vel glabrescentibus subtus pilis stellulatis vel simplicibus munitis,
subtus ferrugineis, marginibus subrevolutis, costa media supra
sulcata, subtus prominenti dense stellulato-tomentella, nervis
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 385
secundariis utroque 18-23 prominentibus subtus praecipue; inf lo-
re scentia terminal!; floribus ignotis; pedunculis fructiferis 1.7-2 cm.
longis dense stellulato-tomentellis; capsula rhomboideo-triquetra
1.1-1.5 cm. longa 1.7-2 cm. diametro extus parce minute stellulata
ceterum glabra; semine suborbiculari fusco 1.3 cm. diametro.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected en la selva de
Yavita, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 128 m., February 2, 1942,
Llewelyn Williams 14140, "arbol de 18 m. de altura, con corona algo
pequena; tronco redondo, sin estribos, 20 cm. de diametro, algo
torcido; fr. solitario, capsular. "
This species is characterized by the brownish tomentum on the
young stems, petioles, and lower surface of the leaf blades.
Caraipa longipedicellata Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 25-metralis vel ultra; ramulis vetustioribus glabris; foliis
coriaceis petiolatis, petiolis 6-11 mm. longis vetustioribus parce
stellulato-tomentellis vel glabrescentibus juvenilibus dense stellu-
lato-tomentellis; laminis supra in sicca glaucescentibus subtus
cinereis, elliptico-oblongis vel suboblongis apice rotundatis vel
subemarginatis basin versus angustatis subobtusis vel subacutis
6.5-12.7 cm. longis 3-6 cm. latis, supra pilis stellulatis parce munitis
vetustioribus, glabrescentibus, subtus minute stellulatis, marginibus
subrevolutis, costa media subtus prominenti, nervis secundariis
utroque 10-12 subtus prominulis; inflorescentia terminali laxe racemi-
formi 9-12 cm. longa dense tomentella, pedicellis robustis 5*14 mm.
longis dense tomentellis; bracteis ovatis obtusis vel acutis 3-4.5
mm. longis 2.5-3 mm. latis utrinque dense tomentellis; sepalis sub-
orbicularibus vel late ovatis apice acutis vel rotundatis 5-5.5 mm.
longis 4-4.5 mm. latis utrinque dense tomentellis; petalis extus
dense tomentosis (immaturis); fructu non viso.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in dense forest along
Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepuf and
Sororopan-tepul, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., November 28, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 60708, "tree 80 feet tall; leaves coriaceous,
deep green above, gray below; calyx and rachis yellow-brown; petals
mustard brown."
This species resembles C. grandifolia Mart, and C. paraensis Hub.
of northern Brazil in its large sepals, stout pedicels, and upper leaf
surface, which is glaucescent in the dried state. It differs from both
in its much longer and stouter pedicels. From C. grandifolia it
further differs in the loosely racemiform, elongated inflorescence,
minutely stellulate pubescence on the lower surface of the leaf, and
the rounded leaf tip, while from C. paraensis it differs principally in
the stouter and much longer. pedicels.
From C. simplicior Sandwith it may be distinguished by the more
numerously flowered inflorescence, shorter sepals, and broader
leaves, which are more rounded at the apex and glabrescent and
glaucous above.
386 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Chrysochlamys pauciflora Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.8-2.8-metralis; ramis glabris; foliis subcoriaceis petio-
latis, petiolis 1.5-2 cm. longis glabris supra canaliculatis; laminis
obovatis apice subito acuminatis basi acutis sensim angustatis
16-24 cm. longis 6.5-9.5 cm. latis glabris, costa media utrinque
prominent!, nervis secundariis utroque 11-12 ante marginem ana-
stomosantibus subtus prominulis; floribus foemineis tantum vis is
axillaribus; pedicellis crass is 6-9 mm. longis minutissime puberulis;
bracteis ovatis obtusis 0.8-0.9 mm. longis; sepalis rubris 4 vel 5
suborbicularibus vel late ovatis obtusis 2~3 mm. longis 2-3 mm. latis
extus minutissime puberulis; stigmatibus 5; ovario 5-loculari, quoque
loculo 1-ovulato.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in lower portion of
Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita
de Kavanaye'n, state of Bolivar, alt. 915-1065 m., November 25,
1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60566, "simple-stemmed shrub 5*8 feet
tall; leaves subcoriaceous, deep green above, dull green below;
pedicel dull red with green fruit dull pale green; calyx dull red."
Local name: "wacami-yek."
There is some question about the certain generic affinity of this
species. If it is congeneric with Chrysochlamys, it is perhaps re-
lated to C. macrophylla Pax of Bolivia. It may likely be referable to
the genus Balboa Planch. & Triana of Colombia, known only from
staminate material. That genus, however, possesses 4 sepals and
4 petals.
Clusia cerroana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 11-metralis; ramulis crassis; foliis coriaceis in petiolum de-
currentibus, petiolis 0.8-2.5 cm. longis 4-7 mm. latis glabris; laminis
obovatis vel oblongo-spatulatis apice rotundatis basin versus longe
cuneatim angustatis 10.5-15 cm. longis 4.5-6 cm. latis glabris, costa
media prominenti, nervis lateralibus numerosis adscendentibus
utrinque prominulis, nervo collective a margine 1-1.5 mm. conjunctis;
inflorescentia foeminea terminali atque subterminali ca. 5-flora,
pedicellis crassis 3*6 mm. longis 4-5 mm. latis glabris; bracteolis
suborbiculari-ovatis apice rotundatis 4*5 mm. longis ca. 5 mm. latis;
floribus foemineis aggregatis congestis; sepalis 4 suborbicularibus
apice rotundatis 4-5 mm. longis 6-6.5 mm. latis glabris; synandrio
elliptico-ovoideo, 11-13 mm. longo 11-12 mm. diametro; stigmatibus
5-6 crassis suborbiculari-discoideis; stylis 3*4 mm. longis; ovulis in
loculis 2-3-
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on forested sand-
stone south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepuf, between plateau portion and
"Cave Camp," state of Boh'var, alt. 1700-1800 m., November 1,
1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59702, "tree 35 feet tall; leaves cori-
aceous, deep green above, pale green below; ovary pale green."
This species is probably related to C. purpurea (Splitg.) Engl. and
C. leprantha Mart., but differs from both in having 4 instead of 6-9
sepals and in the larger, more numerous stigmas. It is especially
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 387
well marked in possessing short, contracted inflorescences, en-
larged stigmas, only 2-3 ovules in each cell of the ovary, and elon-
gated petioles. It shows a relationship with C. Melchiori Gleason in
the 2-3-ovulate cells of the ovary, and probably should be treated as
an aberrant member of the genus, allied to C. Melchiori and C. flavi-
flora Engl., and placed with them under Sect. Anandrogyne Planch. &
Triana.
Clusia hexacarpa Gleason, var. ptaritepuiana Steyermark, var. nov.
Arbor 13-metralis; ramulis crassis glabris; foliis coriaceis petio-
latis, petiolis 1-1.5 cm. longis supra canaliculatis; laminis ovalibus
vel elliptico-oblongis apice rotundatis basi subacutis 4.5-7.2 cm.
longis 2.7-4.5 cm. latis glabris, nervis lateralibus numerosis adscen-
dentibus subtus vix elevatis; floribus foeraineis solitariis cernuis;
pedicellis robustis 6-7 mm. longis; sepalis 6 irabricatis, duobus ex-
terioribus minoribus 6 mm. longis, ceteris 7-10 mm. longis; petalis 7
coriaceis crassis 15-17 mm. longis 9 rom. latis; staminodiis 9 liberis
3.5 mm. longis 1.8 mm. latis; stigmatibus 6 triangulari-ovatis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on forested sand-
stone south-facing slopes, vicinity of "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepuf,
state of Bolivar, alt. 1800 m., November 4, 1944, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 59866, "tree 40 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dark green above,
pale green below; fruiting ovary creamy white; stigmas purple; sepals
dull rose with pale green margins; inner petals white with deep rose
above or on margins."
This differs from C. hexacarpa, described originally from Mount
Duida, by the purple stigmas, rose-colored sepals, and the white and
rose-colored petals. It may subsequently be found to represent a
distinct species, but is here treated as a variety of the Duida plant.
Clusia imbricata Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 10-metralis, ramulorum internodiis 1.5-3 cm. longis; foliis
coriaceis adscendenti-erectis, vetustioribus subtus fulvis juvenili-
bus pallide flavo-viridibus, in petiolum late decurrentibus, petiolis
1.7-2 cm. longis basi dilatatis; laminis ligulato-spatulatis apice
rotundatis basin versus cuneatim angustatis 5.5-10 cm. longis 2.1-
3.2 cm. latis glabris, marginibus valde revolutis, costa media subtus
prominente elevata, nervis secundariis numerosis supra paullo promi-
nulis subtus obscuris; floribus foemineis solitariis terminalibus;
pedicellis robustis 5 mm. longis 8 mm. latis; bracteis 2 suborbiculari-
oblongis 14 mm. longis 14 mm. latis infra basin calycis 4 mm. in-
sertis; sepalis 5 valde prominente imbricatis magnis suborbiculari-
oblongis infimis 2 cm. longis 1.7 cm. latis intimis 1.8 cm. longis 1.5
cm. latis; petalis 5 late oblongis vel rhomboideo-oblongis apice
truncatis 2.3 cm", longis 2 cm. latis; staminodiis numerosis biseriatis
sterilibus ut videtur antheris desunt 6.5 nim. longis; stigmatibus 20
capitatis in medio depressis; ovario multi-loculari, 20-loculari
(Fig. 79).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on forested sand-
stone south-facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave
388
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
FIGURE 79
Clusia imbricata
A, Habit of flowering branch (X %); B, Petal (X 1); C, Pistillate
flower with bracts attached (XI).
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 389
FIGURE 80
Clusia pus ilia
A, Habit of flowering branch (X 2/3); B, Petal (X 1.2); C, Pistillate
flower in young fruit (X 1.2).
390 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Camp," Ptari-tepuf, state of Bolivar, alt. 1700-1800 m., November 1,
1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59699, "tree 30 feet tall; leaves
ascending-erect, coriaceous, deep green above, tawny yellow-brown
on older leaves below, pale yellow green on young leaves below;
perianth deep rose-red with white at base, innermost petals whitish
above with rose within."
This species may be readily distinguished by the enlarged imbri-
cate sepals and petals, many-celled ovary with 20 stigmas, strongly
revolute leaves which are not nerved beneath and are irapressed-
nerved above, by the winged petiole dilated at base, and by the
tawny yellow-brown color of the lower leaf surface.
With its numerous stigmas it is to be placed near C. grandiflora
Splitg. and C. platy stigma belonging to Sect. Euclusia, Subsect.
Chlamydoclusia as treated by Engler in Martius's Flora Brasiliensis.
It is also related to C. macropoda Klotzsch and C. palmicida L. C.
Rich. From these species and from C. grandiflora it is distinguished
by its much narrower, revolute leaves, yellow-brown on the lower
surface, by the winged petioles dilated at the base, by the strongly
imbricate sepals and petals, and by the 20-celled ovary and 20
stigmas.
Clusia pusilla Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.3-2-metralis; ramulorum internodiis 1.2-3 cm. longis;
foliis coriaceis sessilibus vel subsessilibus; laminis supra atro-
viridibus subtus pallido-viridibus late oblongo-obovatis vel cuneato-
obovatis apice rotundatis vel truncatis basin versus cuneatim
angustatis 3-2-6 cm. longis 1.6-4.5 cm. latis, marginibus subrevolu-
tis, costa media subtus prominula, nervis secundariis numerosis
patentibus supra vix prominulis subtus paullo prominulis; floribus
foemineis solitariis terminalibus; pedicellis 6-8 mm. longis; bracteis
suborbiculari-ovatis apice rotundatis 4.5-5 mm. longis 4 mm. latis;
sepalis 6 orbicularibus extimis 6-10 mm. longis; petalis 4 oblique
subrhomboideo-obovatis apice rotundatis 2 cm. longis apice 1.8 cm.
latis; staminodiis numerosis omnibus liberis 3-5'4 mm. longis,
exterioribus plerumque sterilibus interioribus fertilibus; stigmatibus
8 peltato-discoideis depressis (Fig. 80).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in dry rocky thickets
on uneven ground, on large mesa, Gran Sabana, between Mission of
Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, northwest to Rio Karuai, state of
Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., October 26, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59396,
"shrub 4-6 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dark green above, greenish-
white below; fruit pale greenish-creamy; petals creamy-white, 2
cm. long."
This species is distinguished mainly by the small, sessile,
obovate-cuneate leaves, the 8 stigmas, 6 sepals, and numerous free
staminodia, of which the inner are fertile.
It should be placed in Sect. Criuva, Subsect. Clusiastrum ace. to
Engler, in Mart. Fl. Bras. It is apparently most closely related to
C. fragrans Gardn. and C. cuneata Benth. It further resembles C.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -H 391
fluminensis Tr. & Pi. in leaf shape but has much smaller leaves
than that species, more numerous staminodia, and 8 instead of 5
styles. It also resembles C. elliptica H.B.K. in leaf shape, but that
species does not have the numerous staminodia.
Clusia reducta Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 3-6-metralis; foliis coriaceis petiolatis, petiolis 8-11 mm.
longis; laminis oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis apice rotundatis basin
versus angustatis subacutis vel obtusis 5-8.5 cm. longis 2.5-4.7 cm.
latis, marginibus revolutis, costa media utrinque prominenti, nervis
secundariis numerosis patentibus supra paullo prominulis subtus vix
prominulis; floribus foemineis terminalibus; pedicellis 3-7 mm.
longis; bracteis late ovatis apice rotundatis 2-2. 5 mm. longis; sepalis
6 suborbicularibus apice rotundatis 4-4.5 mm. longis 4.5-5 mm. latis;
staminodiis 1-seriatis numerosis; stigmatibus 5; ovario 5-loculari,
loculis 1-ovulatis; arillo nullo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected en las lajas abiertas
en la costa del Cano San Miguel, arriba de la boca del Ichana,
Guainia, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 125 m., March 26, 1942,
Llewelyn Williams 14898, "arbol de 5 a 6 m. con copa frondosa; el
tronco de 10 a 12 cm. de diam., ramificado desde cerca de la base;
corteza gris, algo a'spera, y el liber color claro, exuda una pequena
cantidad de resina; la raadera de tono claro; las hojas coriaceas."
Other collections from Territorio Federal Amazonas in herb. Chi.
Nat. Hist. Mus. are: en la margen de las malezas y en los claros en
la selva de Pimichfn, alt. 128 m., February 7, 1942, Williams 14183;
and Maroa, Rio Guainia, alt. 127 m., 1942, Williams 14254.
Local name: "copei;" "upihi;" "baniba."
The generic status of this species is uncertain. It is apparently
an aberrant member of the genus Clusia distinguished by the single
ovule in each cell of the ovary. It may be related to C. Melchiori
Gleason, from which it differs in the conspicuously petiolate leaves
of different shape, the lateral nerves of the lower leaf scarcely or
not evident, the 5 stigmas, and 6 sepals. It has a slight aspect of
C. renggerioides Pi. & Triana, but that has many ovules and a more
cuneate-obovate leaf shape. It shows some resemblance to the
genus Havetiopsis, but that genus has 4 stigmas and a 4-celled
ovary.
Clusia roraimana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor vel frutex 3-5-metralis; ramulorum internodiis 1.3-1.7 cm.
longis; foliis coriaceis sessilibus, laminis supra atroviridibus sub-
tus pallidis obovatis apice rotundatis basi graduatim cuneatis 9-12
cm. longis prope basin 8-11 mm. latis glabris, marginibus subrevolu-
tis, costa media subtus prominula, nervis secundariis utroque 21-22
utrinque paullo prominentibus adscendentibus; floribus masculis
terminalibus 3 confertis: pedunculis 1.5-2 cm. longis 5-6 mm.
diametro; pedicellis 4-7 mm. longis; bracteis 2 patentibus cucullato-
suborbicularibus apice rotundatis 10-13 mm. longis 9-14 mm. latis;
sepalis 6 suborbicularibus extimis 8-12 mm. longis interioribus ad
392 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
15 mm. longis; petalis 5-6 obovatis apice rotundatis basi cuneatis
3-3.5 cm. longis 2-2.8 cm. latis; staminibus numerosis 4 ram. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on southwest-facing
slopes bordered by hilly savanna, Mount Roraima, state of Bolivar,
alt. 1030-1155 m., September 25, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 58606,
"tree or shrub 10-15 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dark green above,
pale green below; sepals greenish white with rose; petals white;
flowers fragrant."
This species is distinguished chiefly by the combination of
sessile or subsessile leaves with broadly decurrent leaf bases,
cuneate-obovate rounded leaves, glomerate staminate inflorescence
on a short peduncle, numerous free stamens, and large petals.
It is closely related to C. cuneata Benth., from which it differs in
the much larger staminate flowers, the 3-f lowered glomerate stami-
nate inflorescence, the shorter peduncles, larger sepals, and larger
stamens.
From the recently described C. stylosa Maguire and C. tabulamon-
tana Maguire the leaves of this new species differ in lacking the
collective marginal nerve so conspicuous in those two species.
Clusia Williamsii Steyermark, sp. nov.
Internodia ramulorum 1.2-2.3 cm. longis; foliis subcoriaceis petio-
latis, petiolis 2-2.8 cm. longis; laminis late ellipticis vel oblongo-
ellipticis utrinque acutis 10.5-18 cm. longis 4.5-8 cm. latis glabris,
marginibus incrassatis, costa media paullo prominula, nervis secun-
dariis numerosis gracilibus conspicuis patentibus; inflorescentia
mascula terminali divaricatim ramosa 5.5-6.5 cm. longa, ramulis
secundariis 1.2-1.5 cm. longis; pedunculis 2.7-3.2 cm. longis ad
2.5"3 mm. diametro; bracteis suborbicularibus vel infimis ovatis 1.5-
5 mm. longis; sepalis suborbicularibus 5-6 mm. longis 5"7 mm. latis;
petalis 5 obovato-cuneatis apice rotundatis 15 mm. longis ad apicem
8 mm. latis; staminibus in columnam discoideam depressam 3 mm.
altam 4.5 mm. diametro.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected en la selva de
Yavita, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 128 m., February 2, 1942,
Llewelyn Williams 14143, "bejuco lenoso sobre los troncos de
arboles; los petalos son blancos con tono rojizo en la cara superior;
la corteza gris, lisa exuda una resina amarilla en pequena cantidad;
albura blanca y el duramen rosado."
This species is apparently a member of Subsection Omphalanthera
and probably related to C. columnaris Engl. It differs from that
species in its larger leaf blades with nearly horizontal lateral
nerves, smaller staminate flowers, and more slender rachis of the
staminate inflorescence.
Havetia lanrifolia H.B.K., var. venezuelana Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo differt foliis apice late rotundatis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on rich steep north-
west- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 393
Tabay, state of Me'rida, alt. 2285-2745 m., May 18, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 56592.
Also collected in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama',
4-10 kms. above Betania, state of Tachira, alt. 2500-2895 m., July
15, 1944, Steyermark 57312; and in moist cloud forest on south- and
southwest-facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above
Humocaro Bajo, state of Lara, alt. 2530-2375 m., February 4, 1944,
Steyermark 55234.
This differs from H. lauri folia in the leaves broadly rounded at the
apex.
Hypericum caracasanum Willd., var. turumiquirense Steyermark, var.
nov.
Suffrutex 0.8-1.8-metralis; foliis dense confertis erecto-adscen-
dentibus ovato-ellipticis vel ellipticis apice acutis vel subacutis
5-8 mm. longis 2-3-5 mm. latis; sepalis inaequalibus majoribus
obovato-oblongis ceteris oblanceolato-oblongis obtusis, 5-6 mm.
longis 2-3 mm. latis; petalis ellipticis 11-12 mm. longis; staminibus
ca. 70; stigmatibus tribus, 4-4.5 mm. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on north-facing steep
sandstone slopes, Cerro Turumiquire, from beginning of sandstone to
summit of cerro, state of Sucre, alt. 2360-2500 m., May 6, 1945,
Julian A. Steyermark 62579, "suffruticose, 2-5 feet tall; petals deep
yellow; leaves pale silvery green."
This differs from typical H. caracasanum principally in the smaller
leaves, sepals, and petals.
Hypericum ericaefoliam Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 3-metralis; ramis glabris inferne denudatis superne laxe
dichotomis dense foliosis, internodiis 1-2 mm. longis glabris; foliis
sessilibus patentibus subcoriaceis lineari-setaceis vel lineari-
lanceolatis apice acutis basin versus angustatis 4-5 mm. longis 0.5-
0.7 mm. latis, marginibus revolutis, nervo medio subtus prominente;
floribus terminalibus solitariis; pedicellis 1.5-2 mm. longis; laciniis
calycis ovatis acutis vel acuminatis 3-3.5 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm.
latis, marginibus revolutis; petalis 8-9 mm. longis; staminibus 40-50;
stylis 3, 5 mm. longis; ovario 1.5 mm. longo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in swampy meadow
in Paramito between Quebrada de Palmar and Quebrada de Paramito,
at base of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above
Villapaez, state of Tachira, alt. 2500 m., July 14, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 57212, "shrub 10 feet tall; petals rich yellow."
This species is related to H. chamaemyrtus Tr. & Pi. and to H.
gnidioides Seem, in having revolute leaves. From H. chamaemyrtus
it differs in the spreading, much finer leaves, and details of floral
structure. In general appearance it resembles some of the fine-
leaved species, such as H. laricifolium Juss., but from all of this
group it differs in the wide-spreading, revolute, instead of involute,
leaves.
394 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Hypericum meridense Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1-2-metralis; ramis superne dense foliosis, internodiis 1.5-
2 mm. longis; foliis subcoriaceis dense confertis decussatis erecto-
adscendentibus sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis vel elliptico-oblongis
apice acutis calloso-apiculatis basi angustatis obtusis 5.5-10 mm.
longis 2-5.5 mm. lads glabris, marginibus incrassatis subrevolutis,
costa media subtus prominenti, nervis lateralibus utroque 4-5 adscen-
dentibus simplicibus vel furcatis ante marginem terminantibus;
floribus solitariis terminalibus; laciniis calycis ovatis vel oblongo-
lanceolatis apice subito acutis vel subobtusis 4 ram. longis 1.5-2.8
mm. latis; petalis 5.5-6 mm. longis; staminibus 65-70; stylis 3 valde
curvatis 3-5 mm. longis ovario paullo longioribus; ovario 2.5 mm.
longo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on Paramo de Pozo
Negro, between San Jose and Beguilla, state of Merida, alt. 2590-
3220 m., May 3, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56272, "shrub 3-5 feet
Call; leaves decussate, dull green."
Also collected en declives pendientes, secos y pedregosos,
Paramo de Los Leones (La Lagunita, La Canada Grande) al Oeste
del Mucuruba, state of Me'rida, alt. 3400-4500 m., May 31, 1930,
Gehriger 159, "de hojuelas esparcidas y sentadas, tamano del
arbusto 1-2 m., hojuelas oval-lanceadas, 1 cm. de largo, insertas en
4 generatrices, flores de 5 se'palos, libres, 5 petalos amarillos,
libres, estambres indefinidos, ovario fnferio con 3 estilos largos,
todos amarillos."
Local name: "yerba de Lucas, Huesito numero 2."
This new species is related to H. carinatum Keller and H. steno-
petalum Turcz., both described from Venezuela. It differs in the
densely leafy branches, strongly ascending leaves with conspicuous
lateral nerves, styles only slightly longer than the ovary, and the
very spirally curved styles. It has shorter petals than those of H.
stenopetalum. It is also related to //. land folium Gleason, but has
more numerous stamens, shorter petals, and broader and proportion-
ately shorter leaves than that species.
Hypericum pseudocaracasanum Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herba glaberrima, caulibus erectis basi decumbentibus 19-36 cm.
altis, simplicibus vel parce ramosis foliosis, internodiis 3-15 mm.
longis; foliis firme membranaceis vel subcoriaceis erecto-adscenden-
tibus sessilibus lanceolato-ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis apice
acutis basi subobtusis 9-16 mm. longis 2-5.5 mm. latis, marginibus
subrevolutis, costa media subtus prominenti, nervis lateralibus
utroque 3*4 subtus tantum prominulis; floribus solitariis terminalibus
vel cymis foliosis ad flores singulos ad apices ramorum reductis;
pedicellis 3"8 mm. longis; laciniis calycis oblongo- vel ovato-
lanceolatis apice subito acutis calloso-apiculatis 4.5-6 mm. longis
1.5-3 mm. latis; petalis 7-8 mm. longis; staminibus 35-40; stylis
2.5-3 mm. longis; ovario 2.5-3 mm. longo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in small paramo on
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 395
exposed ridge top, La Quebrada Cortijo, by boundary line Lara-
Trujillo, above Humocaro Bajo, state of Trujillo, alt. 2600-2800 m.,
February 6, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 55346.
Also collected in wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Apo-
sentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, state of Lara, alt. 2530 m., February
5, 1944, Steyermark 55292, "petals yellow."
Local name: "carnaval."
This species somewhat resembles H. caracasanum Willd., from
which it differs chiefly in the herbaceous non-ligneous stems. It is
related to H. thymifolium H.B.K., but differs in the herbaceous
habit and in the leaves averaging broader and only 3 times instead
of 4-8 times broader than long.
Mahnrea sororopantepuiana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 0.8-2.8-metralis; ramulis laevibus teretibus ligneis gla-
berrimis; foliis coriaceis petiolatis, petiolis 1-1.5 cm. longis; lami-
nis subtus pallido-viridibus lineari-lanceolatis vel anguste
lanceolato-ellipticis utrinque acuminatis 7.5-11.5 cm. longis 1-2.7
cm. latis, costa media subtus prominenti, nervis lateralibus utroque
14-18 arcuato-patentibus, venulis subtilissime reticulatis; inflores-
centia racemiformi; racemis terminalibus 8.5-10 cm. longis laxifloris;
pedicellis 6-8 mm. longis; bracteis lineari-lanceolatis utrinque
acuminatis 9-16 mm. longis 1.5-3 mm. latis; sepalis inaequalibus
rubescentibus ovatis vel suborbiculari-ovatis apice rotundatis vel
subacutis, 4-8 mm. longis 3*5 mm. latis extus minute puberulis,
marginibus ciliolatis; petalis roseis obovatis apice rotundatis 10-12
mm. longis 5-7 mm. latis; staminibus pluriserialibus liberis; antheris
late oblongis 2 mm. longis; filamentis 4-6.5 mm. longis; stylo 6.5
mm. longo; ovario ovoideo 6 mm. longo (Fig. 81).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected by wooded streamlet,
Sororopan-tepul, crest of Cerro between east and west end, state of
Bolivar, alt. 2255 m., November 14, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
60129, "shrub 5-8 feet tall; sepals dull rose-red; petals pink; leaves
coriaceous, deep green above, paler green below with lavender
midrib."
This species differs from M. exstipulata Benth. in the glabrous
and shorter inner sepals, the shorter anthers, the simple racemes,
the longer, more foliaceous bracts which subtend the pedicels, and
the narrower and much longer-pointed leaf blades.
Moronobea ptaritepuiana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 7-20-metralis; ramulorura internodiis brevibus; foliis cori-
aceis in petiolum angustatis, petiolis supra canaliculatis 5-10 mm.
longis; laminis erectis vel erecto-adscendentibus obovato- vel
spatulato-oblongis apice rotundatis basi cuneatis 3~5 cm. longis
1.5-2.5 cm. latis, marginibus subrevolutis, costa media subtus promi-
nenti, nervis lateralibus patentibus plerumque obscuris subtus tan-
turn paullo manifestis; floribus solitariis terminalibus magnis;
pedicellis 5-10 mm. longis; sepalis suborbicularibus apice rotundatis
396
FIELDIANA: BOTANY , VOLUME 28
FIGURE 81
Mahurea sororopantepuiana
Habit of flowering branch (X 3/5).
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 397
cinerascentibus 4-5 mm. longis 6-10 mm. latis; petalis viridi-albidis
vel ad apicem rosaceis 3.5-4 cm. longis 3-3.5 cm. latis; staminum
phalangibus 5-andris 3 cm. longis; ovario 1.5 cm. longo; stylo 8-9
mm. longo; fructu cernuo asymmetrico cinerascenti vel glaucescenti
monosperma ovoideo-conico 7 cm. longo 5 cm. diametro.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on steep wooded
slopes just below dry ridge and shrubby growth, southeast-facing
slopes, Ptari-tepuf, state of Boh'var, alt. 1585-1600 m., November
10-11, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59985, "tree 50-60 feet tall;
leaves coriaceous, dark green above, pale dull green below; petals
greenish-white except for pale pink around tip; fruit not edible."
The following cotypes, also collected in the state of Bolivar and
deposited in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., are forested sandstone south-
facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," Ptari-
tepuf, alt. 1700-1800 m., November 1, 1944, Steyermark 59720, "tree
50 feet tall; leaves coriaceous-chartaceous, dark green above, dull
pale green below; petals white tinged at base pale green; sepals dull
gray green; fruit pendent, asymmetrical, gray green or covered with
gray-glaucous bloom, fleshy, 1-seeded; fleshy meSocarp pale green-
ish with pale greenish yellow resin-like portions;" scrubby forest on
rocky open portion of Plateau on southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-
tepuf, alt. 1600 m., November 1, 1944, Steyermark 59628, "small
tree 25 feet tall; leaves erect, coriaceous, dark green above, pale
green below; sepals dull gray green, margined buff brown; petals
greenish-white; filaments and stigmas pale green."
Local name: "wa-kami-yek (Taurepan); palo de hacha (Spanish)."
This tree is one of the common ones found in the lesser story of
the forest on the shoulders of Ptari-tepui. Its strikingly showy
flowers are very arresting and resemble little Magnolia blossoms,
similar to those of M. virginiana of the United States. This new
species differs from M. intermedia Engl. in the broader and shorter
petals, shorter sepals, and shorter phalanges.
Steyermark 59628 has the lower surface of most of the leaves
lacking lateral nerves, whereas Steyermark 59985 and 59720 have the
lower surface of most of the leaves more manifestly nerved.
Moronobea ptaritepuiana forma rosea Steyermark, f. nov.
A typo differt floribus paullo minoribus et petalis extus roseis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in woods, summit of
Carrao-tepui, state of Bolfvar, alt. 2470-2500 m., December 7, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 60892, "tree 20-25 feet tall; leaves coriaceous,
dark green above, dull paler green below; petals deep rose without;
pedicel erect, purple."
The deep rose color of the petals on the outer surface distinguish-
es this from the more commonly encountered greenish-white of the
species, which at most is tinged with pinkish around the tip of the
petals.
398 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Oedematopns ptaritepuiensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor epiphytico vel semi-epiphytico 13-metralis; ramu-
lis novellis subtetragonis; foliis coriaceis petiolatis, petiolis 7-14
mm. longis; laminis oblongo-obovatis vel obovatis apice rocundatis
vel obtusis interdum emarginatis basi cuneatis acucis vel subobtusis
5-8.5 cm. longis 2-5 cm. latis, nervis lateralibus numerosis adscen-
dentibus; inflorescentiis bi-trichotomis 9-15-floris, ramulis 5-13 mm.
longis; bracteis suborbiculari-ovatis apice obtusis vel subacutis
1.5-2 mm. longis; floribus masculis: sepalis 4 decussatis cucullatis
orbicularibus, duobus exterioribus 2.5 mm. longis 4.5 mm. latis,
interioribus 3.5-4 mm. longis 4 mm. latis; petalis 4 orbicularibus
duobus exterioribus 4 mm. longis 4 mm. latis, interioribus ligulato-
oblongis apice truncatis vel rotundatis 5 mm. longis 2.5 num. latis;
staminibus 8; filamentis latis dilatatis 1.2-1.5 mm. longis 0.7-0.8
mm. latis; antheris 1.2-1.3 mm. longis 0.8-0.9 mm. latis; floribus
foemineis: sepalis 4; petalis 4; staminodiis 6; ovario 6-loculari;
ovulis 4 vel ultra in quoque loculo.
Type (staminate plant) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on
forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion and
"Cave Camp," Ptari-tepin, state of Bolivar, alt. 1700-1800 m.,
November 1, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59719, "semi-epiphytic
climbing shrub attached to 59720; leaves coriaceous, deep green
above, paler green beneath; petals creamy white; sepals and outer
bracts pale green, the lower tinged with dull red; petioles at base
dull purple."
Cotypes (pistillate) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in
dense forest, at base of cerro along Rio Karuai, Ptari-tepuf, alt.
1220 m., November 27, 1944, Steyermark 60640, "epiphytic tree 40
feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep green above, dull green below;"
and, scrubby woods, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa be-
tween Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m., November 15-17,
1944, Steyermark 60260, "tree 40 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep
green above, dull green below; calyx pale green as are perianth
segments."
Local name: "tari-yek."
It is questionable whether this should be treated as a distinct
species or as a variety of the recently published O. quadratus
Maguire. Like that species it possesses 8 stamens in the staminate
flowers and a 6-celled ovary in the pistillate flowers, and the mea-
surements of floral parts are likewise similar. It differs from O.
quadratus in having 6 instead of 2-4 staminodia in the pistillate
flower, 4 or more ovules in each cell of the ovary of the pistillate
flower, longer anthers and smaller sepals in the staminate flowers,
and different measurements in the size of the staminate petals.
It is apparently intermediate between O. quadratus and O. duidae
Gleason. From O. duidae it is distinguished by the larger leaves and
dilated thicker filaments. The broad filament differentiates it from
O. obovatus (Spruce) Pi. & Tr. and O. octandrus (Poepp. & Endl.)
Pi. & Tr., while the 8 stamens distinguishes it from O. dodecandrus
Planch.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 399
Tovomita angustata Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 8-metralis; ramulorum internodiis 6-8 mm. longis; foliis ad
apices ramulorum congestis coriaceis decurrentibus sessilibus;
laminis oblanceolatis apice acutis basi longicuneatis 15-33 cm.
longis supra medium 3'6 cm. latis, costa media utrinque prominenti,
nervis lateralibus numerosis patentibus supra tantum paullo mani-
festis; inflorescentia laxe trichotoma 9- flora, ramulis divaricatis
2.8-4 cm. longis; bracteis triangulari-ovatis acuminatis 2-3 mm.
longis; pedicellis 9' 10 mm. longis; floribus masculis: sepalis 4
exterioribus orbiculari-rotundatis arcuato-cucullatis 5 mm. longis 5
mm. latis; petalis orbiculari-rotundatis 4 mm. longis 4 mm. latis;
staminibus numerosis; antheris staminum subglobosis vel late ob-
longis 0.3-0.4 mm. longis; filamentis 2.5-3 mm. longis (Fig. 82).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in wooded ravine
below edge of mesa along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kilometers northwest of
Kavanayen, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., November 23, 1944, Julian
A. Steyermark 60475, "small tree 25 feet tall; leaves at tips of
branches, coriaceous, dark green above with dull green below; rachis
pale green; flowers greenish-white."
Local name: "wa-cami-yek."
The arching branches near the base of the tree trunk are used for
bows by the native inhabitants.
This species is most closely related to T. Weddelliana Pi. & Tr.
of Bolivia and to T. longicuneata Engl. of Peru, from which it is
distinguished by the much longer leaves which are narrower and more
attenuate at the base, more diffusely and fewer-flowered staminate
inflorescence, and larger sepals.
Tovomita atropurpurea Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 8-metralis; foliis chartaceo-subcoriaceis petiolatis, petiolis
crassiusculis 1-2 cm. longis; laminis elliptico-oblongis vel lanceo-
lato-ellipticis apice obtusis vel obtusiusculis basi rotundatis vel
obtusis 6-19 cm. longis 1.5-8 cm. latis glabris, utrinque valde
reticulato-venosis costa media utrinque prominenti, nervis lateralibus
utroque 10-13 arcuato-adscendentibus; inflorescentia brevi terminal!
1-3-flora; floribus congestis subumbellatis; floribus foemineis:
pedicellis crassis 5-8 mm. longis; sepalis 4 late orbiculari-ovatis
apice rotundatis 7-9 mm. longis 6.5-8 mm. latis; petalis 7-8 purpureo-
rubris oblongis apice rotundatis 8-9 mm. longis 3-4 mm. latis;
staminibus numerosis 3-seriatis purpureo-rubris; stigmatibus rubris
4; fructu pyriformi.
Type (pistillate plant) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in
vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-
tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 1585-1600 m., November 10-11, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 59973, "tree 25 feet tall; leaves chartaceous-
subcoriaceous, dull green above, pale green below; petals spreading,
dull purple-red; stigmas dull red; styles pale green; filaments and
anthers purple-red; sepals pale green with dull rose margins."
400 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Cotype (staminate plant) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected
on southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepui', alt. 1585-1600 m., November
10-11, 1944, Steyermark 60010.
Local name: "wacami-yek."
This species is well marked by the purple-red filaments, anthers,
and petals. It is related to T. Choisyana Pi. & Tr. and T. Spruceana
PI. & Tr.
Tovomita duidae Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 6.5-metralis; foliis firrae membranaceis vel subcoriaceis
petiolatis, petiolis 6-12 mm. longis; laminis lanceolato-ellipticis
utrinque acuminatis 7.5-13 cm. longis 1.5-3-5 cm. latis glabris, costa
media subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque 5-6 arcuato-
adscendentibus ante marginem anastomosantibu^; inflorescentia
terminali laxe 5-flora; pedicellis 5-6.5 mm. longis; floribus foemi-
neis: sepalis 4 late oblongis apice rotundatis 4.5-5 mm. longis 2.5"3
mm. latis; petalis 4 late oblongis apice obtusis 3 mm. longis 1.5-2
mm. latis; staminodiis numerosis; stigmatibus 4.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on southeastern-
facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), Territorio
Federal Amazonas, alt. 305-1095 m., August 25-26, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 57975, "shrub 20 feet tall; leaves firmly membranaceous
to subcoriaceous, dark green above, dull green below; flowers
pendent; calyx and pedicel pale green."
This species is related to T. Schomburgkii Pi. & Tr. and T. brevi-
staminea Engler, from which it differs in the narrower leaves. From
T. Riedeliana Engler it differs in having the lateral nerves at a
greater distance from one another, and from T. acuminate Engler it
differs in the broader leaves. From T. gracilipes PI. & Tr. it is
differentiated by the longer leaves with more widely spaced, curving
principal lateral nerves and in the floral characters.
ELATINACEAE
Elatine Fassettiana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herba glabra humifusa; caulibus erectis crassiusculis 1-3 cm.
altis; internodiis 3-4 mm. longis; foliis elliptico-oblongis vel obova-
tis apice rotundatis basi subobtusis 3.8-4.2 mm. longis 2.2-2.5 mm.
latis; stipulis lanceolatis acuminatis 1.7 mm. longis; floribus axil-
laribus solitariis; pedunculis 0.5-1.3 mm. longis; sepalis 3 ovato-
oblongis apice obtusis vel rotundatis 1 mm. longis prope basin 0.7
mm. latis; petalis late elliptico-oblongis apice rotundatis 1.5-1.6
mm. longis 1 mm. latis; staminibus 3; filamentis 1 mm. longis;
antheris suborbicularibus 0.15 mm. longis; carpellis 3; seminibus
castaneis vel stramineis oblongis leviter curvatis concavo-convexis
vel teretibus utrinque rotundatis vel uno extreme obtuse subapicu-
lato 0.5-0.7 mm. longis 0.3-0.4 mm. latis valde scrobiculatis, testa
alveolis hexagonalibus utroque 6-7-seriatis instructa, una quoque
serie longitudinal! 12-14 alveoles habenti (Fig. 83).
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 401
FIGURE 82
Tovomita angustata
Habit of flowering branch (X
402
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected near upper limit of
paramo, around small lake between Chachopa and Los Apartaderos,
near El Aguila, state of Me'rida, alt. 3960 m., April 16, 1944, Julian
A. Steyermark 55905.
This species is named in honor of Dr. Norman C. Fassett, Profes-
sor of Botany of the University of Wisconsin, who has made important
contributions to the study of North American Elatine and other
aquatics. It differs from E. chilensis Gray, E. minima (Nutt.) Fisch.
& Meyer, and E. triandra Schkuhr, in the pedicellate flowers. From
E. peruviana Baehni and Macbride it may be distinguished by the
shorter seeds, obtuse or rounded apex of the leaves which are not
attenuate at the base, in the rounded sepals and petals, and in the
shorter pedicellate flowers. From £. triandra var. andina Fassett it
differs in the pedicellate flowers, different leaf shape, and broader
seeds. In the proportion of the seed it is similar to E. triandra var.
brachysperma (Gray) Fassett, but has a different type of marking.
Like E. triandra and varieties, the pits are sexagonal and their ends
extend between the ends of pits in adjacent rows.
FIGURE 83
Elatine Fassettiana Steyermark
Seed (X 141)
CANELLACEAE
Cinnamodendron venezuelense Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 10-20-metralis; ramulorum internodiis 1.5-2.5 cm. longis;
foliis firme membranaceo-chartaceis petiolatis, petiolis 5-7 mm.
longis supra canaliculatis, laminis supra lucidis atro-viridibus late
ellipticis utrinque acutis 6.5-11 cm. longis 3.5-5.5 cm. latis inte-
gerrimis, costa media subtus subprominenti, nervis lateralibus
utroque 9-12 inconspicuis laxe reticulatis; racemis axillaribus 1-4-
floris; pedicellis adscendentibus 4-7 mm. longis; sepalis 3 imbri-
catis suborbicularibus apice rotundatis ciliolatis 3 mm. longis 3 mm.
latis; petalis 5 imbricatis atrosanguineis crassiusculis exterioribus
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 403
late obovato-oblongis apice rotundatis, 6.5-7 mm. longis 5.5 mm.
latis, inter! oribus obovatis apice rotundatis 4 mm. longis 2.5 mm.
latis; squamis 5 obovato-oblongis apice rotundatis suberosis; tubo
staminali 10-lobulato, antheris 10 longitrorsum birimosis linear i-
oblongis 2 mm. longis, connective subcarnoso papillate emarginato;
ovario 1-loculari oblongo-elliptico 4.5-5 mm. longo 2 mm. crasso,
stigmate truncato-capitato; stylo nullo; placentis 2 parietalibus,
medio ovula 2 collateralia gerentibus; ovulis 4-5 anatropis; semini-
bus 3-4 (Fig. 84).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on forested slopes
of mountain, on rocky limestone boulder slope at base of bluff, on
property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, along Quebrada
Colorado Grande, state of Monagas, alt. 850-1350 m., April 9, 1945,
Julian A. Steyermark 61950(2 sheets), "tree 30-60 feet tall; domi-
nant part of understory; petals blood red; staminodia 5, rose-red or
pinkish; anthers creamy yellow; staminal column creamy; ovary deep
green and shining; calyx dull green; fruit green; leaves firmly
membranaceous-chartaceous, dark green and shining above, dull pale
green below."
This is the first record of the genus for Venezuela. It is dis-
tinguished from C. axillare (Nees & Mart.) Endl. of Brazil by the
larger stamens and thinner leaves, which lack the conspicuous open
impressed areolae of the lower surface found in that species. From
C. tenuifolium Uitt. of Dutch Guiana it differs in the larger flowers
and smaller leaves.
VIOLACEAE
Viola venezuelensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herba perennis tenerrima humilis; caulibus tenuibus prostratis
procumbentibusque2.5-6 cm. longis, dense lobatis in lineis incurvato-
puberulis, internodiis 1-13 mm. longis; stipulis oblique lanceolatis
apice longe cuspidatis 1.2-1.3 mm. longis 0.4 mm. latis marginibus
subintegerrirais vel uno latere parce repandis, subcarinatis glabris,
carina dimidio inferiore hispidula excepto; foliis oppositis vel alter-
nis firme membranaceis ovalibus vel oblongo-ellipticis apice rotun-
datis vel subacutis 5*8 mm. longis 2-5 mm. latis basi cuneatis in
petiolum decurrentibus utrinque minutissime granuloso-papillatis
ad versus apicem minute hispidulis ceterum glabris, marginibus ob-
scure crenulato-serrulatis, serraturis utroque 2-3;pedunculis axillari-
bus solitariis foliis longioribus tenuissimis 7-13 mm. longis in lineis
incurvato-puberulis; floribus albis; sepalis oblongo-lanceolatis vel
oblongis apice rotundatis vel obtusis apiculatis 1.5-1.6 mm. longis
0.6-0.8 mm. latis carinatis; petalis albis; petalis duobus superiori-
bus minus culis oblongo-oblanceolatis apice subacutis 1.5 mm. longis
0.8 mm. latis; petalis duobus lateralibus subreniformi-pediformibus
2 mm. longis 1 mm. latis; petalo infimo 3.8 mm. longo ecalcarato
naviculari, dimidio superiore subito dilatato emarginato, unguiculato,
ungue 2 mm. longo 1.2 mm. lato, dimidio superiore 1.5 mm. longo 2.8
mm. lato, extus puberulo; antheris suborbicularibus 1 mm. longis 1
404 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ram. latis, appendicibus connectivi ovato-oblongis apice rotundatis
vel obtusis 1 mm. longis 1 mm. latis; filamentis usque ad 1.7 mm.
longis; pistillo 1.3 mm. longo; stylo 0.5 mm. vel ultro basi curvato
parte superiore rostellata, rostella oblique producta; ovario glabro;
capsula subglobosa 4 mm. longa 3 mm. diametro glabra; seminibus
nigrescentibus ovoideis apice angustatis obtusis 1.7 mm. longis 1.3
mm. diametro reticulatis (Fig. 85).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on dry top of paramo,
Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita, state of
Merida, alt. 2745-3045 m., July 7, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57077,
"stems prostrate; petals white."
This is a very distinct species apparently belonging to Sect.
Leptidium Ging., related to such species as V. Weddellii Becker and
V. Dombeyana DC. of Peru, and to V. veronicaefolia Pi. & Lindl. of
the Andes. It is well characterized by the very minute flowers only
3.2 mm. long, the small capsules with few blackish seeds, the sub-
entire lanceolate stipules, the incurved puberulous lines of pu-
bescence of the stems and peduncles, the elongate peduncles
surpassing the leaves, the remotely crenulate-serrulate small leaves,
and the prostrate stems.
FLACOURTIACEAE
Banara larensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor, ramulis teretibus cano-tomentellis; foliis chartaceo-
membranaceis petiolatis, petiolis 2-2.5 mm. longis cano-tomentosis;
laminis elliptico-lanceolatis apice obtuse longe acuminatis basi
valde inaequilateralibus uno latere oblique rotundatis alter cuneatim
angustatis 5-1 1 cm. longis 1.5-2.7 cm. latis, supra plerumque glabris
costa media puberula excepto subtus albidis molliter stellato-
tomentellis, marginibus remote obtuse glanduloso-dentatis, dentibus
calloso-obtusis utroque 9-14, 0.5-0.75 mm. altis 2-8 mm. distantibus,
nervis primariis e basi 3-4, secundariis lateralibus utroque 3-6
adscendentibus ante marginem anastomosantibus; paniculis termi-
nalibus bracteatis 3-4.5 cm. longis densifloris; pedunculis 9-17 mm.
longis cano-stellato-tomentellis, rhachi stellato-tomentosa; pedicel-
lis fructiferis 3.5-4.5 mm. longis dense stellato-tomentellis; bracteis
setaceis 2-2.5 mm. longis dense stellato-tomentosis; calycis laciniis
6, extus dense cano-stellato-tomentellis, tribus exterioribus ovatis
acutis 2-2.1 mm. longis 1.1-1.2 mm. latis, tribus interioribus late
ovatis vel ovalibus obtusis scariosis 2.5 mm. longis 2 mm. latis;
petalis nullis; staminibus 24-30; filamentis filiformibus glabris;
antheris 0.2-0.3 mm. longis; ovario ovoideo glabro; stylo 1.5 mm.
longo glabro; stigmate punctiformi; fructu (immature) subgloboso 5
mm. longo glabro.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on trail between Las
Sabanetas, Los Aposentos, and Buenos Aires, state of Lara, alt.
1675-2430 m., February 10, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 55424,
"leaves white below, rich green above."
Local name: "ciruela."
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
405
FIGURE 84
Cinnamodendron venezuelense
A, Habit of flowering branch (X %); B, Outer petal (X 5); C, Inner
petal (X 5); D, Petals removed, showing calyx, androecium, and
gynoecium (X 5); E» Glands at base of pistil (X 5); F, Portion of
stamens (X 5); G, Pistil cut vertically (X 5).
406 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
This species is related to B. glauca 'H.B.K.) Benth. of the Colomb-
bian Andes, from which it differs in the narrower elliptic-lanceolate
leaves which are whiter, more densely stellate -tomentulose on the
lower surface, and more densely stellate-tomentose on the peduncles,
pedicels, and calyx lobes. The calyx lobes of B. larensis are larger
than in B . glauca.
Banara paucinervosa Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 8-metralis; ramulis teretibus lenticelloso-punctatis glabris,
internodiis 2.5-5 cm. longis; foliis chartaceo-membranaceis petio-
latis, petiolis 6-7 mm. longis glabris apice eglandulosis; laminis
elliptico-oblongis apice acutis vel subobtusis basi rotundatis vel
obtusis 14-23 cm. longiu 6.5-9.3 cm. latis utrinque glabris, margini-
bus subregulariter crenato-serratis, dentibus calloso-obtusis utroque
20-35, 1-1.5 mm. aids 4.5-10 mm. distantibus, nervis lateralibus
utroque 6-7 valde adscendentibus ante marginem anastomosantibus
inferioribus 0.5-1.3 cm. distantibus caeteris 3-5-5.5 cm. distantibus,
utrinque venis venulisque laxe reticulatis supra reticulo prominenti;
inflorescentia axillari vel terminal! subfasciculata 2.5-4.5 cm. longa
2.5-5 cm. lata 4-7-floris, rhachi minute puberulenti; pedicellis rubris
9-18 mm. longis minute puberulentibus; bracteis ovatis subobtusis
vel subacutis 2 mm. longis minute puberulentibus; sepalis 3 sub-
orbicularibus apice rotundatis 4-5 mm. longis 3.5-5 mm. latis extus
parce minute puberulentibus ciliolatis sub fructu reflexis persistenti-
bus; petalis suborbiculari-obovatis apice subobtusis supra medium
eroso-dentatis 5-6 mm. longis 4-4.5 mm. latis minute puberulentibus;
staminibus indefinitis, filament is albidis filiformibus glabris; an-
theris suborbicularibus 0.5 mm. longis; ovario rubro ovoideo nigres-
centi 3 nim. longo glabro in stylum 1.5 mm. longum abeunti; placentis
parietalibus tribus; stigmate rubro capitato-discoideo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected along stream in
woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Toron-
doy, state of Me'rida, alt. 1820-2255 m., March 27, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 55824, "shrub 25 feet tall; fruit dull red as are pedicels;
perianth pale green; filaments white; ovary dull red as is upper style
and stigma; lower part of style pale green; leaves chartaceous-
membranaceous, rich green above, pale green below."
This species is characterized by the relatively short few-flowered
axillary inflorescences and glabrous leaves with 6-7 pairs of rela-
tively distantly-spaced lateral nerves. It differs from B. guianensis
Aubl. and B. nitida Spruce in the eglandular petioles, leaf-blades
with fewer and more distant lateral nerves, and fewer-flowered,
shorter, axillary inflorescences.
Casearia tachirensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 5-metralis; ramulis glabris vel parce pilosulis, internodiis
6-13 mm. longis; foliis confertis subcoriaceis breviter petiolis vel
subsessilibus, petiolis ca. 1 mm. longis glabris vel pilosulis; lami-
nis elliptico-lanceolatis vel elliptico-oblongis apice acuminatis
basin versus angustatis basi obtusis subsymmetricis 5.5-11.5 cm.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 407
longis 2-4 cm. latis, supra plerumque glabris subtus glabris vel inter-
dum parce minute pilosulis, margin ibus subrevolutis inconspicue
crebro crenulato-serrulatis, impunctatis vel parce punctatis subtus
costa media atque nervis lateralibus manifestis, nervis lateralibus
utroque 6-8 valde arcuato-adscendentibus anastomosantibus fascicu-
lis florum multifloris in axilla foliorum sessilibus, pedicellis sub
anthesi 2.5-3 mm. longis dense cano-puberulis; bracteis bracteolisque
suborbicularibus 1-1.5 mm. longis scariosis extus puberulis; calyce
5.5-6.5 mm. longo, lobis late oblongis vel ovato-oblongis apice
obtusis, extus cano-puberulis intus dense cano-tomentellis sub
anthesi erecto-adscendentibus 3.5-4.5 mm. longis 1.75 mm. latis
marginibus crassiusculo-involutis, basi in tubum brevem 2 ram. Ion-
gum; starainibus 10, filamentis 2.5-2.75 mm. 'longis glabris; antheris
subgloboso-didymis 0.75 mm. longis glabris; disci processis cum
staminibus alternantibus inaequalibus, filamento dimidio brevioribus
anguste oblongis obtusis 1-2 mm. longis dense puberulis; ovario
hispidulo vel hirtello; stylo 2.5 mm. longo parce puberulo; stigmate
capitato; ovulis numerosis, placentis 3, pauciovulatis; fructu
non visi.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in thickets along
quebrada, above Betania, at base of Paramo de Tama', state of
Tachira, alt. 2285-2430 m., July 14, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
57276, "shrub 15 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above
and shining, dull green below; perianth pale green with white mar-
gins on lobes; filaments buff creamy; anthers golden. "
This species is a member of section Pitumba, and is distinguished
by the combination of obscurely or non-punctate, shallowly crenu-
late, mostly glabrous, shortly petiolate leaves crowded on short
internodes, 10 glabrous stamens, capitate stigma, pilose ovary and
style, and rather large erect-ascending calyx lobes which are dense-
ly puberulent within and without.
Hasseltia monagensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 12-20-metralis; ramulis vetustioribus parce strigilloso-
pubescentibus vel glabrescentibus; foliis firme membranaceis vel
chartaceo-membranaceis petiolatis, petiolis 1.5-4 cm. longis supra
canaliculatis hirsutulis pilis adscendentibus vel patentibus; laminis
late ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis apicem versus sensim attenuatis
apice subobtuse basi biglanduliferis subito cuneatis 8-15 cm. longis
3.5-8.5 cm. latis, e basi manifeste trinerviis, marginibus integerrimis
vel remote inconspicue crenulato-serrulatis, serraturis 0.5 mm. altis
5-10 mm. distantibus, nervis principalibus 3 prominentibus laterali-
bus valde adscendentibus, venis venulisque valde transversim reticu-
latis, supra glabris subtus 3 nervis principalibus et 2-3 jugis
nervorum lateralium valde pilosis caeterum glabris; stipulis cadu-
cissimis; paniculis thyrsoideis terminalibus floribundis in anthesi
6-9 cm. longis 10-18 cm. latis in fructu 15 cm. longis 15 cm. latis,
ramis inferioribus 4-6 cm. longis plerumque adpresso-puberulis;
pedicellis 6-8 mm. longis cinereo-tomentellis; sepalis 4 albidis
ovatis obtusis 4-4.5 mm. longis 2-2.5 mm. latis utrinque griseo-
408
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
FIGURE 85-A
Viola venezuelensis
Habit of plant (X 1.25).
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 409
B
H
I
J
FIGURE 85-B-j
Viola venezuelensis
B, Flower in position, lateral view, with portion of pedicel attached
(X 12); C, Lateral petal (X 13); D, Upper dorsal petal (X 16); E,
Calyx lobe (X 14); F, Lowest petal (X 12); G, Pistil (X 21); H, Anther
with portion of filament attached (X 21); I, Stipule (X 3); J, Leaf
(X 6.3).
410 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
tomentellis; petalis 4 albidis oblongir apice rotundatis vel obtusis
4.25-4.5 mm. longis 2 mm. latis utrinque griseo-tomentellis; stamini-
bus numerosis; antheris subglobosis 0.2 mm. longis 0.5 mm. latis;
filamentis albidis capillaribus; ovario ovoideo glabro 24oculari,
placentis parietalibus 2 multiovulatis; stylo 1.75-2 mm. longo glabro;
fructu (immature) pallido-viridi subgloboso glabro 6-7 mm. longo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected at base of limestone
bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering
valley of Caripe, state of Monagas, alt. 1100-1200 m., April 7, 1945,
Julian A. Steyermark 61919, "tree 40-60 feet tall; leaves chartaceous-
membranaceous, deep d;irk green above, dull paler green below with
prominent nerves below; flowers sweet-scented, creamy white; fila-
ments white; staminodia at base deep orange; ovary pale green
and shining."
Cotype (fruit) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on Montana
de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe,
northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, state of
Monagas, alt. 600-900 m., April 19, 1945, Steyermark 62182, "tree
35-40 feet tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, deep green above, dull
green below; fruit pale green, globose; calyx lobes greenish-white;
petals whitish."
This is the first record of the genus Hasseltia for Venezuela. It
is distinguished by the combination of comparatively large flowers
with 4 petals and 4 sepals, glabrous ovary, entire or subentire
prominently 3-nerved reticulate leaf-blades, which are densely pilose
on the 3 main nerves as well as the 2-3 pairs of additional lateral
nerves.
Homalium anzoateguiensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 20-36-metralis; ramulis juvenilibus dense pilosulis, vetusti-
oribus glabris; foliis firme membra naceis petiolatis, petiolis 6-12
mm. longis utrinque pilosis; laminis late ellipticis vel oblongo-
ellipticis apice obtuse acuminatis vel subobtusis basi rotundatis vel
obtusis 7-13.5 cm. longis 3.5-6.5 cm. latis, marginibus valde vel
inconspicue repando-crenatis, crenaturis 14-24, subtus molliter
pilosis atque in axillis nervorum barbellatis supra per costam median:;
et nervos laterales hirtellis vel parce puberulis ceterum parce pu-
berulis vel glabrescentibus, nervis lateralibus utroque 7-9 adscen-
dentibus ante marginem anastomosantibus; inflorescentia inferne
paniculata supra medium racemosa 7-13*5 cm. longa axillari atque
terminali, rhachi dense pilosa, ramulis inferioribus 6-10 mm. longis;
floribus pedicel latis, pedicellis 2-4 mm. longis dense puberulis;
bracteis subulatis 2-3 mm. longis; calycis tubo late turbinato 4.5-5
mm. longo 6 mm. diametro 6-sulcato griseo-puberulo, laciniis 6
lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis apice subacutis vel subobtusis
3.5 mm. longis 1.25-1.5 mm. latis utrinque puberulis; petalis 6 ovatis
obtusis 4.25-4.5 mm. longis 2.5-3 mm. latis utrinque puberulis;
glandulis transversim lunato-oblongis depressis 1.5 mm. longis pu-
berulis; staminibus plerumque 18, in fascicules triandros petalis
superpositos distributes; filamentis infra medium pilosis, petalis
f BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 411
subaequilongis; stylis 3 subulatis glabris liberis; ovario depresso-
conico griseo-puberulo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in woods along Rio
Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Never!, northeast of Ber-
gantin, state of Anzoategui, alt. 500 m., February 20, 1945, Julian
A. Steyermark 60993, "tree 80 feet tall; leaves firmly membrana-
ceous, deep green above, dull green below; calyx buff."
Also collected along Rib Leon, northeast of Bergantln, alt. 500
m., March 8, 1945, Steyermark 61430, "tree 60 feet tall."
Local name: "palo amarillo."
The mashed bark of this tree is reputed by the inhabitants of the
region to be effective in treating a wound caused by the bite of the
poisonous bushmaster snake. An infusion of the bark is also recom-
mended to be taken internally after having been bitten by this snake.
This species is distinguished by the combination of pedicellate
flowers, distinct styles, densely puberulous inflorescence, pedicels,
petioles, and lower leaf surface.
Ryania casiquiarensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor 5-metralis; ramulis dense stellato-hirsutis, pilis
ad 1-1.5 mm. longis patentibus, foliis chartaceo-membranaceis petio-
latis, petiolis 4-5 nun. longis molliter stellato-hirsutis, laminis late
elliptico-oblongis apice subito cuspidato-acuminatis, acumine 0.5-
0.7 mm. longo, basi obtusis vel subobtusis 16-20 cm. longis 7-8 cm.
latis integerrimis vel subintegerrimis supra praesertim per costam
medium atque nervos laterales hirsutulis caeterum parce puberulis
subtus praesertim costa media nervis lateralibus venulisque molliter
stellato-pubescentibus, pilis patentibus, costa media et nervis
lateralibus subtus prominentibus, nervis lateralibus utroque 8-11
arcuato-adscendentibus ante marginem anastomosantibus; floribus
solitariis axillaribus sessilibus vel subsessilibus; sepalis deciduis
anguste lanceolatis acuminatis ad 3-2 cm. longis 4 mm. latis intus
glabris extus dense stellato-pilosis, pilis adscendentibus vel
patentibus; staminibus numerosis; filamentis filiformibus glabris;
antheris linearibus 2 mm. longis; stylo 18 mm. longo.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected at Capihuara, Alto
Casiquiare, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 118 m., May 25, 1942,
Llewelyn Williams 15564, "arbol pequeno delgado, o arbusto alto de
5 m.; el fruto axilar y la corteza gris; la albura de color claro y el
duramen delgado, rosado; en la selva de tierra firme; el fruto de
de color bermejo en su madurez."
In Monachino's recent revision of Ryania (Lloydia 12, no. 1: 1-29.
1949), this new species would be inserted between R. Spruceana
Monachino and R. canescens Eichl. It is characterized by the
abundant soft stellate pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves,
densely stellate-hirsute stems with spreading hairs, short anthers,
sessile or subsessile flowers, and narrow sepals tomentulose on the
outer surface.
412 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
LOASACEAE
Cajophora larensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herba 1-1.3-metralis; caulibus erectis sparse retrorsum hispidis
5-6 mm. diam., pilis 2.8-3 mm. longis; foliis ambitu triangulari-ovatis
oppositis petiolatis, petiolis 12-21 cm. longis retrorsum hispidis;
laminis supra atroviridibus palmatim tripartitis, foliolis lateralibus
inferioribus ovatis vel elliptico-ovatis apice acuminatis basin ver-
sus angustatis grosse pinnatilobatis 9-11 cm. longis 6.5-7 cm. latis,
lobis late ovatis rrucronatis marginibus dentatis, lobo medio ambitu
rhomboideo-elliptico 14-17 cm. longo 15-16 cm. lato utroque 4-lobato,
lobis oblongo- vel ovato-lanceolatis acutis, infimis salientibus
6.5'7 cm. longis 3.5 cm. latis, aliis 1.5-6.5 cm. longis 1-2.5 cm.
latis, lobis grosse dentatis, subtus ad costam mediam et nervos
principales retrorsum hispidis aliter adpresso-pilosulis atque glan-
dulis sessilibus obtectis, supra setis parce munitis et interdum
glandulis sessilibus munitis; floribus 5-meris; calycis tubo 0.5 mm.
alto 6 mm. diametro setis densissimis 2 mm. longis obtectis;
calycis lobis triangulari-ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis longe acumi-
natis 2.7 cm. longis 7-8 mm. latis integerrimis, utrinque setis hispi-
dis obtectis; petalis 5 planis salmoneis oblanceolatis vel oblongo-
oblanceolatis acuminatis bene evolutis 3.2 cm. longis 1.1 cm. latis
extus setoso-pilosis secus costam densiuscule setosis, intus parce
pilosulis; squamis a latere subrectis, visi saccato-convexis rhom-
boideo-oblongis extus papilloso-puberulis praesertim inferne,
superne manifeste bialatis 14 mm. longis 6 mm. latis basi 9 mm.
latis, alis ovoideis obtusis vel rotundatis 4 mm. longis 4-5 mm.
latis, nervis 3, dorso filis nullis; staminodiis 2 interioribus squama
majoribus subulatis acuminatis 16-17 mm. longis 0.2-1.5 mm. latis
utrinque puberulis; staminibus ca. 45 bene evolutis 1.1-1.2 cm.
longis; filamentis glabris; antheris lineari-oblongis 2.8*3 mm. longis
glabris; stylo 12 mm. longo 1.5 mm. diametro, dense hirtello; ovario
dense setuloso-hirtello; capsula non visa (Fig. 86).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected with Pilea at base
of shaded bluff, between Buenos Aires to Canyon of El Callado,
above Humocaro Alto, state of Lara, alt. 2285-2740 m., February 12,
1944, Julian A. Steyermark 55528, "herb 3-4 feet tall; leaves dark
green above, dull green below; petals dull brick-salmon."
Common name: "pringa raoza."
The hairs on this plant sting badly and cause a severe itching
sensation.
Although no capsules are at hand in the type material to indicate
the manner of dehiscence, study of extant material would indicate
that the species is congeneric with Cajophora, a genus previously
unknown from Venezuela, rather than with Loasa.
This species is characterized by the opposite palmately tripartite
leaves, more sparsely hispid stems, smaller flowers with plane
oblanceolate acuminate petals, conspicuously winged scales without
threads, and shorter stamens.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 413
FIGURE 86
Cajophora tare ns is
A, Leaf (X 1/3); B, Petal (X 1); C, Scale (X 2.75); D, Staminodium
(X 4.75).
414 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Cajophora venezuelensis Steyermark, .p. nov.
Herba 1-1.3-metralis, caulibus laxe adscendentibus dense
valdeque retrorsum hispidis, pilis 3-3.5 nun. longis; foliis ambitu
triangulari-ovatis supremis alternis, inferioribus non visis, petio-
latis, petiolis 4-6 cm. longis dense retrorsum hispidis; laminis valde
rugosis palmatim tripartitis, foliolis lateralibus inferioribus ellip-
ticis apice acuminatis basin versus angustatis pinnatilobatis 4.5-8
cm. longis 2.5-4 cm. latis, lobis late ovatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis
mucronatis marginibus grosse crenato-dentatis, lobo raedio ambitu
rhomboideo-elliptico 8-14 cm. longo 6-12 cm. lato utroque 4-6-lobato,
lobis oblongo-lanceolatis vel ovatis apice acutis vel acuminatis,
infimis salientibus, 2.5-5.5 cm. longis 1-2.8 cm. latis, aliis 0.6-2.3
cm. longis 0.6-1.1 cm. latis, lobis grosse crenato-dentatis, subtus
ad costam mediam et nervos principales retrorsum hispidis aliter ad
venas cum pilis granulosis obtectis, supra setis parce munitis aliter
adpresse pilosis et pilis granulosis obtectis; floribus 5-meris, apice
caulis in monochasium 1-2-florum dispositis; pedicellis minimis;
phyllis si adsunt euphylloideis; calycis tubo 1 cm. alto 2 cm. diam.
setis densissimis 3-4 mm. longis obtectis; calycis lobis ovato-
lanceolatis acutis 2.7 cm. longis 1.1 cm. latis integerrimis, utrinque
setis hispidis 2-3 mm. longis atque pilis granulosis obtectis; peta-
lis 5 planis salmoneo-aurantiacis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis bene
evolutis 4.8 cm. longis 1.2 cm. latis basi 0.5 mm. latis extus densi-
uscule pilosis intus prope margines parce pilosis; squamis incrassa-
tis a latere visis inferne incurvatis atque saccato-convexis superne
subrectis rhomboideo-oblongis antice paullo late emarginatis lobis
apicalibus late rotundatis, 22 mm. longis 12 mm. latis nervis 3,
nervo medio supra basin ramosis, utrinsecus dense papillosis, dorso
filis nullis; staminodiis 2 interioribus squama multo majoribus
lineari-subulatis acuminatis 21 mm. longis 1 mm. latis utrinque
papilloso-puberulis basi geniculatis densiter puberulis; staminibus
50-60 bene evolutis 3 cm. longis; filaraentis filiformibus glabris;
antheris oblongis 3 mm. longis glabris; stylo 23 mm. longo plerumque
puberulo apicem versus parce puberulo vel glabro; ovario 14 mm.
diametro pubescenti; capsula non visa (Fig. 87).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus.. collected on rich steep
northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla,"
above Tabay, state of Me'rida, alt. 2285-2745 m., May 18, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 56594, "herb, sprawling, 3-4 feet tall;
stinging- irritant hairs; leaves deeply rugose, dark green above, dull
green below; sepals dull green; petals orange-salmon; filaments
salmon."
This species is characterized by the alternate palmately tripartite
rugose leaves with conspicuously crenate-dentate lobed leaflets,
densely retrorsely hispid stems, and large flowers with plane oblong-
lanceolate acute petals.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 415
B
D
FIGURE 87
Cajophora venezuelens is
A, Leaf (X 2/3); B, Scale (X 2); C, Staminodium (X 1.3); D, Petal
(X 2.6).
416
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
BEGONIACEAE23
Begonia laxa Smith & Schubert, sp. nov.
E fragmentis solum cognita, suffruticosa, laxa, ramosa, plus mi-
nus ve decumbens (ISteyermark), glabra; caule flexuoso, sulcato;
foliis transversis, ovatis vel ellipticis, breviter acutis, basi corda-
tis, 6 cm. longis, 3 cm. latis, obscure denticulatis, subcoriaceis,
petiolis 2 cm. longis, stipulis deciduis, obovatis, 15 mm. longis,
integris, tenuibus, ex sicco pallide brunneis; pedunculis axillaribus,
4 cm. longis; cymis verisimiliter unisexualibus, multifloris, 10 cm.
diametro; bracteis deciduis, ignotis; pedicellis 4-10 mm. longis;
floribus albis; tepalis masculinis 2, orbicularibus, 5 mm. diametro,
integris; staminibus subliberis, antheris ellipticis, quam filamentis
paulo brevioribus, connective producto, late rotundato; bracteolis
femineis late ellipticis, ovarium subaequantibus, serratis; tepalis
femineis 5, subaequalibus, ellipticis, apiculatis, 4.5 mm. longis, in-
tegris vel remote denticulatis; stylis 3, bipartitis, stigmatibus spira-
liter cinctis; ovario 3-loculato, placentis bilamellatis; capsula
ellipsoidea, acuta vel obtusa, 8 mm. longa, inaequaliter trialata, ala
maxima 7 mm. lata, late ovata, alteris multo minoribus (Fig. 88).
B
D
FIGURE 88
A, Leaf (X 2/5); B, Staminate flower (X 4/5); C, Stamen (X 4);
D, Pistillate flower (X 4/5); Style (X 4).
2*By Lyman B. Smith and Bernice G. Schubert
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 417
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on Cerro Turumi-
quire, between eastern and western peaks, on summit following
sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, state of Sucre, alt. 2300-2500
m., May 8, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62677.
The leaves and staminate flowers of B. laxa are indistinguishable
from those of B. fagopyroides, but its large serrate bracteoles and
subequal pistillate tepals are markedly different. There is no organic
connection between the staminate flowers and the section of the
plant bearing leaves and pistillate flowers but we assume the collec-
tor is correct in associating them.
Begonia otophylla Smith & Schubert, sp. nov.
Herbacea, 15-24 dm. alta; caule plus minusve flexuoso, sulcato,
mox glabro; foliis obliquis et valde asymmetricis, apice abrupte
acuminatis, basi cordatis, alibi subregulariter rotundatis, 14-26 cm.
longis, 7-16 cm. latis, inconspicue crenulato-denticulatis, membra-
naceis, utrinque sparse hispidis, petiolis 7-13 cm. longis, hispidis,
apice pilis plus minusve in annulo aggregatis, stipulis deciduis,
oblongis, 15 mm. longis, integris, paucinervatis, ex sicco pallido-
viridibus, glabris; pedunculis axillaribus, gracilibus, 12-18 cm.
longis, mox glabris; inflorescentiis cymosis, multifloris, ad 14 cm.
diametro, glabris; bracteis persistentibus, minutis, lanceolatis vel
ovatis, integris; pedicellis gracillimis, 8-12 mm. longis; tepalis
masculinis 4, integris, albis, exterioribus late ovatis, acutis, 4 mm.
longis, interioribus valde minoribus angustioribusque; staminibus
liberis, antheris oblongis, cum filamentis subaequilongis, connectivo
producto, obtuso; bracteolis femineis bracteis similibus, quam ovario
multo brevioribus; tepalis femineis 5, ovatis, acuminatis, duobus
exterioribus ca. 2 mm. longis, tribus interioribus subduplo majoribus;
stylis 3, bi-vel pluripartitis, stigmatibus spiraliter cinctis; ovario
3-loculato, placentis integris; capsulis 5-6 mm. longis, plerumque
inaequaliter trialatis, alis late ovatis, obtusis, alis duabus maximis
subaequalibus, 3-4 mm. latis, altera subduplo minore vel tribus sub-
aequalibus (Fig. 89)-
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in forest along north-
east-facing quebrada tributary to Rio Manzanares, between La Trini-
dad and ridge connecting Cerro de Diablo (western extension of
southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), state of Sucre, alt. 1300-1900
m., May 12, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62758.
Cotype in Gray Herb, and in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected
in dense forest along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rib Zumbador, north-
east of Bergantfn, state of Anzoa'tegui, alt. 500 m., February 24,
1945, Steyermark 61167.
Its persistent bracts and smaller outer pistillate petals indicate
the close relationship of B. otophylla to B. dichotoma of Venezuela
and B. sulcata of Columbia, while it is easily distinguished from
them by its massed trichomes at the apex of the petiole and its cap-
sule with two or three large wings.
418 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Begonia pastoensis A. DC., var. hirsutior Smith & Schubert, var. nov.
Differt stipulis extus pubescentibus ciliatisque; inflorescentia
stipitato-glandulosa.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between Los Corales
and Las Cuadras, state of Merida, alt. 1490-3210 m., March 25, 1944,
Julian A. Steyermark 55753.
The typical variety is a native of Colombia and Ecuador.
Begonia sucrensis Smith & Schubert, sp. nov.
Herbacea, 9~12 dm. alta; caule subrecto vel geniculato, sulcato,
glabro; foliis obliquis et valde asymmetricis, late ovatis vel ellip-
ticis, abrupte acuminatis, basi cordatis, 8-11 cm. longis, 5-7 cm.
latis, undulato-denticulatis, brevissime ciliatis, supra sparsissime
hispidis, subtus glabris, petiolis ad 9 cm. longis, glabris sed apice
annulo squamarum fimbriatarum vel squama unica auctis, stipulis
deciduis, oblongis, apice rotundatis apiculatisque, 15 mm. longis,
integris, paucinervatis, ex sicco pallido-viridibus, glabris; peduncu-
lis axillaribus, ad 13 cm. longis; inflorescentiis cymosis, submulti-
floris, 8-12 cm. dianietro, glabris; bracteis persistentibus, minutis,
lanceolatis vel ovatis, integris; pedicellis gracillimis, 5'8 mm.
longis; tepalis masculinis 4, integris, albis, exterioribus late ovatis,
acutis, 3mm. longis, interioribus late oblanceolatis, fere aequilongis;
staminibus paucis, liberis, antheris oblongis, quam filamentis multo
longioribus, connective producto, obtuso; bracteolis femineis bracte-
is similibus, quam ovario multo brevioribus; tepalis femineis 5>
ovatis, acutis, duobus exterioribus ca. 1 mm. longis, tribus interiori-
bus 2-3-plo majoribus; stylis 3, bipartitis, stigmatibus spiraliter
cinctis; ovario 3-loculato, placentis integris vel paulo bipartitis;
capsulis 7 mm. longis, inaequaliter trialatis, alis subtriangularibus,
ala maxima 7-8 mm. lata, duobus alteris subduplo minoribus (Fig. 90).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in forest along north-
east-facing quebrada tributary to Rio Manzanares, between La Trini-
dad and ridge connecting Cerro de Diablo (western extension of
southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), state of Sucre, alt. 1300-1900
m., May 12, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62761; Steyermark 62760 is
an additional collection.
Like B. otophylla described above, B. sucrensis appears closely
related to B. dichotoma and B. sulcata. With simple and bipartite
placentae occurring in the same plant in B. sucrensis, the value of
such a character seems very doubtful, although DeCandolle used it to
place B. dichotoma and B. sulcata in separate sections. We feel that
the important characters are the persistent bracts and the small size
of the two outer pistillate petals relative to the three inner ones.
The following key shows the relationship of the four species:
1. Capsule bearing one large wing and two much smaller ones.
2. Petiole lacking any ring of trichomes or scales at its summit.
3. Smaller capsule-wings triangular-ovate. B. dichotoma.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 419
B
FIGURE 89
Begonia otophylla
A, Leaf (X l/4)\ B, Staminate flower (X 1); C, Stamen (X 5); D, Pistil-
late flower (X 5); E, Fruit (X 1).
420 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
3. Smaller capsule-wings marginiform, very narrow.
B. sulcata.
2. Petiole encircled at its summit by a lacerate-fimbriate scale
or scales B. sucrensis.
1. Capsule bearing two wings that are large and subequal and a
third much smaller one or three large subequal wings; linear
trichomes more or less massed at the summit of the petiole
B. otophylla.
THYMELEACEAE
Daphnopsis dircoides Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.3-2-metralis; ramis teretibus vetustioribus glabris vel
glabrescentibus, purpureo-fuscis, lenticellis oblongis vel suborbicu-
laribus conspicue punctulatis, novel! is dense pilosis; foliis cernuis
coriaceis subtus argenteis elliptico-oblongis apice obtusis vel
rotundatis vel subacutis basi obtusis 5.5-12.5 cm. longis 1.5-6 cm.
lads marginibus subrevolutis, supra glabris subtus glabris vel prae-
sertim ad costam mediam atque nervos secundarios minute adpresso-
pilosulos, nervis secundariis utroque 6-10 valde adscendentibus ante
marginem anastomosantibus; petiolis 3'6 mm. longis 2 mm. crassis
dense adpresso-pilosis; floribus et fructibus non visis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on crest of cerro
between east and west end, Sororopan-tepui', state of Bolivar, alt.
2255 m., November 14, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60136, "shrub 4-6
feet tall; leaves drooping, coriaceous, dull green above, silvery
below, sometimes purple- veined. "
The appearance of this shrub in the field greatly resembles that of
the North American leatherwood (Dirca palustris), hence the specific
name. It is distinguished from D. longipedunculata Gilg, the only
other species at present known from the Venezuelan Guayana, by the
differently shaped, thick, coriaceous, drooping leaves strongly
veined on the lower surface with strongly ascending mostly
appressed-pilose pubescence.
LYTHRACEAE
Cuphea serpyllifolia H.B.K., var. tachirensis Steyermark, var. nov.
A typo differt petalis albis et foliis hispidioribus marginibus
scabro-hispidulis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between Villapaez
and Betania, along Rio Tachira, near Colombian-Venezuelan bounda-
ry, state of Tachira, alt. 2130-2285 m., July 12, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 57162, "petals white."
This differs from typical C. serpyllifolia in having white instead
of purplish petals, and in the greater abundance of trichomes on
the leaves.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 421
FIGURE 90
Begonia sucrensis
A, Leaf (X H); B, Staminate flower (X 1); C, Stamen (X 5); D, Pistil-
late flower (X 5); E, Fruit (X 1).
422 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
LECYTHIDACEAE
Lecythis karuaiensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor glabra; ramulis crassis angulosis; petiolis 1.7-2 cm. longis
crassis; laminis coriaceo-chartaceis supra atroviridibus anguste vel
late oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis apice subobtusis basi acutis vel
obtusis 11-15.5 cm. longis 5.5-10.5 cm. latis, marginibus crebro
crenulato-serrulatis, costa media utrinque conspicua, nervis secun-
dariis utroque 11-12 arcuato-adscendentibus supra sulcatis subtus
cum venulis reticulatis valde prominentibus atque ante marginem 3'5
mm. anastomosantibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus paniculatis 9.5-
20 cm. longis, ramulis plerumque 5 robustis 1-7 cm. longis 3*6 mm.
diametro; rhachidibus crassis angulatis 8-14-floris; pedicellis sub-
nullis; floribus non visis; pyxidio 4-loculari subgloboso-turbinato
3.5-3.7 cm. alto 4 cm. lato, lobis calycis 6 magnis persistentibus 1
cm. longis basi 1.5 cm. latis triangulari-ovatis obtusis; pericarpio
lignoso 3-4 mm. crasso.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in woods bordering
savana, along Rib Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui", west of La
Laja, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., November 29, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 60767, "tree; leaves coriaceous-chartaceous, dark green
above, dull green below; fruit pale brown; calyx lobes pale green."
Local name: "come'-yek."
This species is characterized by the prominently nerved large
leaves with closely crenulate-serrulate leaf margins, elongated
petioles, thick branches of the panicles, and sessile fruits. It has
larger leaves than L. Davis ii Sandwith. It resembles Eschweilera
alutacea A. C. Smith superficially, but that species has short peti-
oles and less prominently crenulate-serrulate leaf margins. From
Chytroma conges ti flora (Benoist) R. Knuth it differs mainly in the
closely crenulate-serrulate leaf margins.
The bark of the tree is used as "majagua" for tying purposes and
for head bands in carrying various supports.
R.HIZOPHORACEAE
Sterigmapetalum guianense Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 15-23-metralis, ramis 3-4-verticillatis, teretibus, vetustiori-
bus glabris juvenilibus sericeo-pubescentibus; stipulis ovato-tri-
angularibus apice obtusis 6-7 mm. longis utrinque dense sericeis;
foliis 3-4-verticillatis breviter petiolatis, petiolis 5*9 nun. longis
glabris, laminis coriaceis late cuneatim obovatis 3-5~8 cm. longis 2-7
cm. latis apice plus minusve subtruncato-emarginato vel late rotun-
dato glabris, marginibus remote inconspicue minute glandulari-
denticulatis vel subintegerrimis, costa media subtus prominenti
glabra vel parce adpresso-pubescenti, nervis secundariis utroque
9-10 arcuato-adscendentibus utrinque venulis valde reticulatis; in-
florescentiis in axillis foliorum superiorum subterminalibus; pedun-
culis 1-2 cm. longis arete sericeis; floribus foemineis: alabastro
3-4 mm. longo extus parce sericeo intus dense sericeo; lobis
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 423
petalorum 6-10 apicibus dense hispidis, extus superne dense sericeo-
pubescentibus; ovario 5-loculari dense hirsute; stigmate 5-lobulato;
floribus masculis: staminibus 10.
Type (pistillate plant) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in
dense forest at base of cerro along Rio Karuai, Ptari-tepuf, state of
Bolfar, alt. 1220 m., November 27, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
60658, "tree 60 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep green above, dull
green below."
Other collections from Ptari-tepui, state of Bolivar, pertaining to
this species are: rich woods bordering quebrada at base of south-
east-facing slopes, alt. 1585-1600 m., November 10-11, 1944, Steyer-
mark 60042, "tree 60-70 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep green
above, dull green below; flower buds green;" vicinity of "Misia
Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan-tepui, alt.
1615 m., November 15-17, 1944, Steyermark 60288, "tree 70 feet tall;
leaves erect, coriaceous, deep green above, pale green below."
The following collections from Surinam are conspecific with the
Venezuelan plant: low forest, 200 m. south Savanna No. IV, Tafel-
berg, alt. 550 m., September 17, 1944, Bassett Maguire 24780 (stami-
nate flowers), "tree 15 m. high, 30 cm. diam., flowers white;
common;" and, standing above low forest, border Savanna No. I,
Tafelberg, alt. 565 m., September 13, 1944, Maguire 24737, "tree 15
m. high, 20 cm. diam.; frequent."
Local name (Venezuela): Mamur-i-u-rai-yek."
This species differs from S. colombianum Monachino in the densely
hirsute ovary, the larger, more conspicuous, and more densely se-
riceous stipules, the larger more open reticulum of the more cori-
aceous leaf blades which are more definitely emarginate at the apex,
and the usually more densely appressed pubescent midrib on the
lower surface of the leaf.
COMBRETACEAE
Buchenavia ptariensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 8-17-metralis, ramulis novelliff gemmisque rufescente
adpresso-pubescentibus vetustioribus glabrescentibus, ligno vetusti-
ori cinereo, ligno novello cinereo-brunneo; foliis ad apices ramulorum
3-6congestis, coriaceis vel chartaceo-subcoriaceis, cuneato-obovatis,
apice rotundatis basi in petiolum glabrum vel parce pilosulum 2-6
mm. longum decurrentibus cuneato-attenuatis, laminis epunctatis
eglandulosis, utrinque pleruraque glabris laie reticulatis, supra costa
media valde sulcata, subtus conspicue elevata glabra vel parce
pilosa, nervis lateralibus utroque 2-3 supra sulcatis subtus elevatis
ante marginem 1-2 mm. anastomosantibus, nervorum axillis juxta
costam hinc illinc glabris, marginibus revolutis; floribus et
fructibus ignotis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in scrubby woods,
vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and
Sororopan-tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 1615 m., November 15-17, 1944,
424 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Julian A. Steyermark 60271, "tree 50 feet tall; leaves coriaceous,
dark green above, dull paler green below.'*
Cotype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on southeast-facing
slopes, Ptari-tepuf, state of Bolivar, alt. 1585-1600 ra., November
10-11, 1944, Steyermark 60038, "small tree by creek bank, 25 feet
tall, the branches spreading horizontally to give tree a fan-shaped
appearance; leaves chartaceous-subcoriaceous, deep green above,
dull pale green below."
Local name: "cuyuri-yek" or "cuyu-li-yek. "
The horizontal spreading branches which impart a fan-shaped
appearance to the tree are quite characteristic of this species. It
closely resembles B. parvifolia Ducke of Brazil, from which it differs
in the more coriaceous mostly glabrous leaves, with fewer lateral
nerves more sulcate on the upper surface, and in the glabrous instead
of barbate axils at the junction of the lateral nerves with the mid-
nerve on the lower surface.
Unfortunately, no flowering or fruiting material is available, but
the vegetative differences of this species are quite distinctive.
MELASTOMACEAE2^
Castratella rosea Gleason, sp. nov.
Folia dense cespitosa, oblanceolata, usque ad 2 cm. longa, 3-
nervia, subacuta, supra longe sparseque setosa, subtus glabra vel
hinc inde setis paucis ad venas primarias ornata. Scapae ca. 1 dm.
altae, hirsutae, nudae vel jugum unicum foliorum parvorum apicem
versus emittentes. Flores paucae confertae bracteatae. Hypanthium
poculiforme, 3.5 ram. longum, setosum. Sepala ovata, 3.3 ram. longa,
setosa et ciliata. Petala rosea, obovata, 8 mm. longa. Stamina
isomorpha; filamenta 3 mm. longa; thecae obovato-oblongae, 1.5 mm.
longae, poro lato apicali dehiscentes.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on limestone outcrops
of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian-Venezuelan border, state of
Ta'chira, alt. 3045-3475 m., Julian A. Steyermark 57399, "petals rich
pink within, deeper pink or rose-pink without; stems lavender-brown
or purplish; leaves grass green above, paler below, subcoriaceous or
firmly membranaceous. By springy places."
In contrast with the characters stated above C. piloselloides has
5-nerved leaves copiously pubescent on both sides, larger flowers,
yellow petals, and oblong anthers opening by a distinctly
ventral pore.
It is equally surprising to discover in the same region a third
species of Bucquetia:
Bucquetia vernicosa Gleason, sp. nov.
Frutex ramosus 3 ra. altus, ramis juvenilibus suberoso-4-angulatis,
internodis 3-5 mm. longis. Petioli 1-2 mm. longi. Laminae sub-
24By H. A. Gleason
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 425
coriaceae, ellipticae, 10-15 mm. longae, obtusae, integrae, basi
angustatae, 3-pli-nerviae, supra nitentissimae, subtus pallidiores
nigro-punctatae. Flores 4-meri, folia vix superantes; pedicelli 2-3
mm. longi. Bracteae ellipticae, obtusae, 3.5-4 mm. longae, obscure
3-nerviae. Hypanthium poculiforme, 3 mm. longum, vernicosum.
Sepala triangularia, acuta, a sinibus 1.5 mm. longa 2 mm. lata,
minutissime ciliolata. Petala inequilatera, purpurea, 8 mm. longa.
Stamina isomorpha; filamenta gracilia, 5 mm. longa; thecae oblongae,
3 mm. longae, poro minuto dorsali dehiscentes, inappendiculatae.
Stylus 11 mm. longus; stigma punctiforme.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in swampy meadow in
Paramito between Quebrada de Palmar and Quebrada de Paramito, at
base of Paramo de Tama, state of Tachira, alt. 2500 m., Julian A.
Steyermark 57211, "shrub 8-10 feet tall; leaves firmly membra-
naceous-chartaceous, deep dull green above, pale green below;
petals deep rose-orchid; filaments rose-orchid; style rose-red;
anthers yellow."
B. glutinosa (L.) DC., well known from the paramos near Bogota
and extending north into Santander, has a barely winged stem, much
larger leaves opaquely green above, much larger, many-nerved bracts,
a larger pale green hypanthium, and much longer petals.
Microlicia Steyermarkii Gleason, sp. nov.
Frutex glaber, fastigiato-ramosus, 3-5 dm. altus, internodis acute
4-angulatis, ca 1 mm. longis. Folia fere sessilia, coriacea, oblanceo-
lata, 6-10 mm. longa, 2-2.5 ram. lata, subacuta, margine incrassata
crenulata, basi cuneata, 1-nervia, utrinque impresso-punctata et
resinosa. Flores solitarii, breviter pedicellati, 5-raeri. Hypanthium
obconicum, ca. 3 mm. longum resinosum. Sepala erecta, anguste
triangularia, 4 mm. longa, resinoso-punctata. Petala rosea, ca. 11
mm. longa. Stamina majora: thecae ovoidea, 1.7 mm. longae, breviter
rostratae; connectivum basi 3.5 mm. productum ad summun filamenti
et infra filamentum in appendicem teretem 1.5 mm. longam. Stamina
minora: thecae 1.2 mm. longae, breviter rostratae; connectivum infra
thecam 1.5 mm. longum, infra summum filamenti in lobum obovatum
0.5 mm. longum productum.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on large mesa in
Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen north-
west to Rio Karuai, state of Boh'var, alt. 1220 m., Julian A. Steyer-
mark 59331, "bushy, 1-1% feet tall; petals rose; leaves dull olive
green both sides, firmly membranaceous."
It differs from M. Benthamiana Triana, known only from the same
general region, in the conspicuously prolonged connective of the
smaller stamens and in the oblanceolate leaves. It differs from M.
bryanthoides Oliver, known only from Mount Roraima, in its oblanceo-
late, thick-margined, crenulate, densely resinous-punctate leaves and
its narrowly triangular sepals. Unfortunately only one flower is
available and measurements have been taken from dry material.
426 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Siphanthera cordifolia (Benth.) Gl., var. glomerata Gleason, var. nov.
A typo differt foliis paulo majoribus, usque ad 10 mm. longis,
floribus 5'7 in quoque axilla superiore, in glomerulos subglobosos
confertis, spicam crassam interruptam formantibus.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on large mesa in
Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen north-
west to Rio Karuai, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., Julian A. Steyer-
mark 59397, "leaves erect, appressed, dull green above, paler be-
neath; petals dull rose; calyx lobes dull lavender; in erect clumps."
In general aspect the plant is quite unlike the typical element of
the species.
Farringtonia Gleason, gen. nov.
Tribus Microlicieae. Flores 4-meri, solitarii, axillares, breviter
pedicellati. Hypanthium poculiforme. Sepala basis ovata tune tri-
anularia, apice glandulose-setacea. Stamina 4 episepala; filamenta
gracilia; antherae subulatae rostratae; connectivum ad dorsum thecae
incrassatum, infra thecam in lobos 2 semiglobosos expansum. Semina
recta neque cochleata.
Farringtonia fasciculata Gleason, sp. nov.
Herba simplex annua 8-15 cm. alta. Caulis teres, apicem versus
densiter strigosa, pilis 1-1.5 mm. longis, supra basin affixis. Folia
ad nodos densiter fasciculata, subsessilia, basibus fere obtectis a
pilis nodorum, ovato-lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, crassa vel
coriacea, 1-2.5 mm. longa, apice brevissime mucronulata, arete
revoluta, basi rotundata, avenia, toto glabra. Hypanthium 1.3 mm.
longum, sparse glanduloso-pubescens atque setosum. Sepala 1.6 mm.
longa. Antherae cum rostro et connective 2.1 mm. longae (Fig. 91)-
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between Esmeralda
Savana and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, Territorio Federal
Amazonas, alt. 200 m., Julian A. Steyermark 57837, "herbaceous,
erect. Swampy rill in savana."
The oblong seeds and the anterior appendages of the anthers
place this remarkable plant at once into the microplicieae, while the
rostrate anthers, only four in number, and the four-merous flowers
show its relationship to Siphanthera Pohl. It differs from that genus
in its stoutly subulate anthers, its large anther-appendages, its mal-
pighian hairs on the stem, and from all known species of the genus in
its fascicled, Empetrum-like leaves. The generic name commemo-
rates Edith Farrington Johnston, gifted painter of flowers.
Tibouchina cryptadena Gleason, sp. nov. Sect. Pleroma.
Frutex 1.5 m. altus, ramis acute 4-angulatis, dense breviterque
pubescentibus. Petioli ca. 1 cm. longi, dense molliterque villoseo-
strigosi. Laminae firmae, ovato-ellipticae, usque ad 11 cm. longae
3.5 cm. latae, acutae, integrae, basi rotundatae, 5-nerviae, supra
molliter villoso-strigosae, subtus densissime villosulae; venae
secundariae anastomantes. Panicula terminalis pauciflora; pedicelli
adpresse-villosi et breviter glandulosi; bractaeadeciduae lanceolatae,
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II
427
FIGURE 91
Farringtonia fasciculata
A, Habit of plant (X 2.6); B, Single cluster of leaves (X 13.6);
C, Leaf, dorsal view (X 13.6); D, Leaf, ventral view (x 13.6);
E, Calyx (X 16).
428 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
hypanthium aequantes. Flores 5-meri. Hypanthium late fusiforme,
9 mm. longum, densissime strigosum atque glandulosum, pills glandu-
losis praecipue obtectis. Sepala ovato-lanceolata, 7 mm. longa,
dorso dense strigosa. Petala ca. 20 mm. longa, ciliolata. Stamina
fere isomorpha; filamenta 9*9.5 vel 10-10.5 mm. longa, infra medium
sparse glanduloso-villosa; connectiva infra thecas 1.8 vel 2 mm.
producta, basi lobis 2 minutis ornata. Ovarium semi-inferum 5-locu-
lare, dense strigosum; stylus rectus, 20 mm. longus, infra medium
villosus; stigma truncatum.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between Beguilla and
Mucuchachi', state of Merfda, alt. 1065-2430 m., Julian A. Steyermark
56307, "petals deep orchid-purple; filaments and appendages rose;
leaves dull green above with sulcate nerves, pale green below with
prominent creamy-buff raised nerves; stems square."
The sepals are almost certainly deciduous at full maturity; this
character together with the general habit places our plant in the
section Pleroma, which is otherwise essentially restricted to southern
Brazil. In many respects it is similar to T. Langs dorffiana (Bonpl.)
Baill., in which the pubescence of the sepals is confined to a central
strip.
Tibouchina duidae Gleason, sp. nov. Sect. Eutibouchina.
Suffrutescens, 3-6 dm. alta, parce ramosa. Caules graciles, primum
toto lepidoti, diu glabri cortice exfoliato. Folia rigida, coriacea,
sessilia, adscendentia, ovato-oblonga, 10-18 mm. longa, acuta, inte-
gra, basi rotundata, uninervia, utrinque densissime lepidota, squamis
imbricatis adpressis, apicibus triangularibus acutis; vena supra im-
pressa, subtus prominens, squamis majoribus quam illis paginae.
Flores pauci, solitarii et sessiles in axillis superioribus. Bracteae
4, distinctae, acutae, sicut folia lepidotae, exteriores anguste
obovato-oblongae, 12 mm. longae, interiores late ellipticae, 9 mm.
longae, ciliatae. Sepala ovato-triangularia, ca. 5 mm. longa, acumi-
nata, involuta, dense lepidota.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on summit of Cerro
Duida, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 1700-1980 m., Julian A.
Steyermark 58203, "leaves dull dark green above, dull green beneath;
petals wine-purple."
Obviously related to T. fraterna N.E.Br. and T. Spruceana Cogn.,
but differing from both in the one-nerved leaves and in the arrange-
ment of scales on the leaves. In those two species the leaf-scales
of the upper surface lie transversely and their short free tips form a
strip between the primary veins. In T. duidae the scales lie longi-
tudinally and are distinctly imbricate.
Tibouchina impressa Gleason, sp. nov. Sect. Diotanthera.
Frutex ramosus 3-6 dm. altus, ramis breviter strigosis. Petioli
crassi, dense strigosi, ca. 2 mm. longi. Laminae ovato-oblongae,
usque ad 25 mm. longae 10 mm. latae, acutae, integrae, basi late
cuneatae, utrinque dense strigosae, 3-nerviae; venae primariae supra
impressae subtus prominentes, laterales venulas marginales supra
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 429
basin eraittentes. Panicula pauciflora vel flores solitarii. Hypanthi-
um poculiforme ca. 4 mm. longus, sparse strigosum. Sepala triangu-
lari-lanceolata, 2.3 mm. longa, ciliata, ad nervam mediam elevatam
strigosa. Petala deficientia. Stamina dimorpha; filamenta glabra;
antherae subulatae, longiores 4.5 mm. longa, connective basi 3.5 mm.
producto, basi lobis 2 rotundatis ventralibus ornata. Stylus ca. 14
mm. longus glaber.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on south-facing steep
slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-like ridge above
tree zone, Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Clara,
state of Anzoategui, alt. 1800-2000 m., Julian A. Steyermark 61616,
"suffruticose bushy plant; petals rose-orchid; leaves firmly membra-
naceous, deep green with 3 sulcate nerves above, pale green below."
Also from the State of Sucre: Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern
and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered knife-
edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., Steyermark 62676.
Cornelia coriacea Gleason, sp. nov.
Frutex ramosus. Folia conferta imbricata valde coriacea oblongo-
obovata, 5*7 mm. longa, 2-3 mm. lata, obtusa integra enervia, primo
minutissime villosa et glanduloso-ciliata, mox glabra, subtus glandu-
loso-punctata; petioli crassi ca. 1 mm. longi. Flores solitarii in
apicibus ramorum subsessiles, 4-meri. Hypanthium obconicum,
paene 8-costatum, 2.5 mm. longum ad torum, minutissime villosum.
Calyx glanduloso-villosum, pilis 0.2-0.4 mm. longis; tubus erectus
0.4 mm. longus; lobi lineares supra basin late triangularem, erecti,
ca. 3 mm. longi. Petala rosea, cuneato-obovata, 13 mm. longa, 6 mm.
lata. Filamenta erecta gracilia, epipetala 4.5 mm., episepala 6 mm.
longa; antherae ser. int. deficientes, ser. ext. (episepalae) erectae,
2.6 mm. longae, poro minuto ventro-terminali dehiscentes; connecti-
vum basin versus incrassatum, infra basin 1 mm. productum, dilatatum,
obscure bilobum. Ovarium superum glabrum 2-loculare; stylus gra-
cilis 10 mm. longus; stigma punctiforme. Capsula hypanthium
aequans, ovoidea; semina angulata vix cochleata, 1.2 mm. longa,
laevia.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on rocky boulder in
open place, Ptari-tepuf, Bonne tia roraimae forest on southwest-
facing shoulder, state of Bolivar, alt. 2000-2200 m., Julian A. Steyer-
mark 59755, "petals rose or deep pink; anthers yellow; filaments
creamy white; leaves dull dark green, not revolute."
When Comolia montana Gl. was described in 1939 the statement
was made that it "is at once recognized and distinguished from all
other species of the genus by its crowded coriaceous leaves, which
give the plant an aspect singularly reminiscent of Arctostaphylos
Uva-Ursi." The same statement applies equally to the present
plant. In comparison with the first species, C. coriacea has much
smaller and proportionately narrower leaves, separated by internodes
only 1-1.5 mm. long, and flowers little more than half as large; its
leaves are narrowed to the base instead of rounded and the petioles
and stems are always glabrous.
430 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Acanthella pulchra Gleason, sp. nov.
Frutex glaber 1.5-2.5 m. altus, internodis nunc elongatis nunc
brevissimis, nunquam setosis. Petiola ca. 1 cm. longi. Laminae
obovato-oblongae, usque ad 48 mm. longae 28 mm. latae, apice ro-
tundatae vel fere retusae, minute apiculatae, integrae, basi late
acutae, 1-nerviae, jugo obscuro marginali neglecto. Flores 4-meri,
solitarii in axillis superioribus; pedicelli ca. 15 mm. longi. Hypan-
thium tubulosum, 11.5 mm. longum. Calycis tubus non productus;
sepala basi triangularia 4 mm. longa, abrupte contracta in rostrum
terminale 3 mm. longum; dentes exteriores nulli. Petala aurantiaca,
elliptica, obtusa, 19 mm. longa. Stamina episepala: filamenta ca.
16 mm. longa; thecae 16 mm. longae, subulatae, poro dorso-terminali
dehiscentes, apice fere rostratae; connectivum infra thecam satis
productum, 2.5 mm. longum, basi utrinsecus lobis 2 lateralibus orna-
tum, lobo antico subulate, 1.3 mm. longo, lobo basali rotundato, 0.5
mm. longo. Stamina epipetala similia sed paullum minora. Ovarium
superum cylindricum, 3-loculare; stylus 32 mm. longus; stigma puncti-
forme. Capsula 12-15 mm. longa, late ellipsoidea, sepalis patulis
persistentibus coronata, hypanthio inclusa. Semina ca. 34, fere
rotunda, 5*6 mm. longa, ala 1 mm. lata circumdata.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected among rock outcrops
below mouth of Rio Sanariapo, along Orinoco River, Territorio Fed-
eral Amazonas, alt. 100 m., Julian A. Steyermark 58438, "shrub 5"8
feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green and shining above, pale
green below; petals orange with orange-red at base; filaments and
appendages deep yellow."
This remarkable plant resembles Acanthella conferta (Veil.) Cogn.
in its large capsule enclosed in the persistent hypanthium and
crowned by the enlarged persistent sepals, in its large winged seeds,
and in its dimorphic stems, in which a series of long internodes are
followed by a series of very short ones with crowded leaves. It
differs from A. conferta in the absence of setae subtending the leaves
(whence the generic name), in the broad and blunt one-nerved leaves,
in the obtuse petals, and above all in the elongate connective bear-
ing two lateral lobes on each side. The latter feature is so signifi-
cant that the plant might well be made the basis of an independent
but related genus.
Acanthella has regularly been referred to the tribe Merianeae. In
this group, all the genera except one have a single, median, dorsal
appendage on the connective or arising from the back of the anther,
or two such appendages, both median. Lateral appendages occur
only in Acanthella. The seeds of all genera except Acanthella are
elongate, wingless or very narrowly winged; only in Acanthella are
they large, broad, and strongly winged all around.
Meriania Steyermarkii Gleason, sp. nov. Sect. Umbellatae.
Arbor 9 m. alta, ramis juvenilibus 4-sulcatis, minutissime stellato-
puberulis atque ferrugineo-villosis. Petioli 2-5 cm. longi, densissime
villosi. Laminae late ellipticae, usque ad 20 cm. longae 13 cm.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 431
latae, subacutae, reverse crenatae, basi obtusae, 5-nerviae, jugo
marginal! neglecto, supra glabrae, subtus ad venas stellatae et
villosae sicut rami, ad venulas sparse villosae, ad paginam villo-
sulae; venae secundariae 5-8 mm. dissitae, sub angulo 75-90° diver-
gences. Panicula terminalis erecta densissime brunneo-villosa;
pedicelli ca. 8 mm. longi. Hypanthium campanulatum, ad torum 8 mm.
longum, densissime villosim, pilis 1.5-2 mm. longis, parietibus
crassis lignosis. Calycis tubus a toro ca. 3 mm. productus, fere
erectus; sepala semicircularia, a toro 5 mm. longa; dentes exteriores
adnati fere ad apicem sepalorum, pars libera 3.3 mm. longa, teres.
Petala late triangulari-obovata, glabra, 22 ram. longa. Stamina iso-
morpha. Filamenta complanata, ca. 12 mm. longa. Thecae com-
planatae,ovato-lanceolatae, 2-loculares, a connective valido partitae,
poro terminali dehiscentes; connectivum teres 3.3 mm. longum, lobo
mediano rotundato brevi ornatum. Ovarium 5'l°culare, superum;
stylus 22 mm. longus, ad stigma punctiforme gradatim attenuatus.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in dwarf cool forest
between El Molino and ridge above San Isidro Alto, state of Merida,
alt. 2430-2895 m., Julian A. Steyermark 56513, "tree 30 feet tall;
leaves subcoriaceous, dark rich green above and conspicuously
areolate-nerved, brownish green below with raised nerves and areo-
lation between; petioles and rachis ferruginous-brown as are pedicels
and calyx; style, filaments, and petals deep vermilion.'*
Of the few species assigned to section Umbellatae, M. boliviensis
Cogn. is much less pubescent and has distinctly 5'pli'veined leaves;
M. colombiana Gl. has leaves scabrously pubescent above and quite
different anthers; M. quintuplinervis Naud. has exterior teeth shorter
than the sepals, and M. Weberbaueri Macbr. has different anthers and
merely furfuraceous pubescence.
Graffenrieda curta Gleason, sp. nov.
Frutex, ramis minutissime stellato-furfuraceis. Petioli graciles,
2-3 cm. longi, stellato-furfuracei. Laminae oblongo-ellipticae, usque
ad 17 cm. longae 7 cm. latae, breviter acuminatae, integrae, sparse
breviterque spinuloso-ciliatae, basi rotundatae, 5-nerviae, jugo ex-
terno submarginali, utrinque glabrae. Panicula pyramidata ramosa;
ramuli 3-flori. Flores 4-meri, terminales sessiles, laterales breviter
pedicellati et bracteolati. Hypanthium tubulosum, ad torum 2.8 mm.
longum, sparse stellato-pubescens. Calyx in alabastro clausus, ad
anthesin irregulariter ruptus in lobos fere hyalinos, 1.2 mm. longus.
Petala oblongo-elliptica, 3.5 mm. longa. Stamina isomorpha; fila-
menta 2.5 mm. longa, infra apicem 0.6 mm. lata, glabra; antherae
subulatae arcuatae, poro dorso-terminali dehiscentes, thecis 3 mm.
longis; connectivum infra thecas 0.8 mm. productum in calcar tri-
angularem 0.3 mm. longum truncatum. Ovarium superum; stylus
rectus, 5.6 mm. longus; stigma truncatum.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on southeastern-
facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),
Cerro Duida, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 1095-1520 m.f Julian
A. Steyermark 58026a.
432 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Among the numerous species of the genus, this is the only one I
have seen with a blunt spur on the connective. Steyermark 59518,
from Ptari-tepuf, state of Bolivar, is the same.
Graffenrieda lanceolata Gleason, sp. nov.
Frutex usque ad 1 m. altus. Kami fere glabri. Petioli 4-8 mm.
longi. Laminae anguste lanceolatae, coriaceae, 4-7.5 cm. longae,
1-1.5 cm. latae, acuminatae, integrae, paullo revolutae, basi obtusae,
3-nerviae, utrinque glabrae. Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculata,
pauciflora, 2-3 cm. longa. Flores 4-meri, sessiles, solitarii laterales
vel in glomerulos trifloros aggregati. Hypanthium fructiferum breviter
cylindricum, ad torum 4 mm. longum, obtuse 8-costatum, minute pul-
verulentum, parietibus crassis lignosis. Calycis tubus ca. 0.4 mm.
productus; sepala late triangularia, a toro 0.8 mm. longa; dentes
exteriores nulli. Ovarium 3-loculare, superum; capsula loculicida,
ovoidea, 3.5 mm. longa.
Type in the Britton Herbarium of N.Y. Bot. Card., collected from
gorge of Cano Negro, Savanna Hills, Mount Duida, Territorio Federal
Amazonas, alt. 4000 ft. Tate 806; also collected in the same locality
by Steyermark 58214, and represented in the U.S. National Herbarium
by specimen collected elsewhere by Cardona.
The Tate plant, being the most complete specimen, has been se-
lected as the type. This is the plant already mentioned from Duida
(Bull Torrey Club 58: 434. 1931.) as possibly a Tococa. While I
regret the description of any species of melastome without flowers,
the presence of this species in at least three herbaria makes a name
for it highly desirable. The aspect of the plant, the inflorescence,
the capsule and the seeds all point to Graffenrieda as the
proper genus.
Macrocentrum minus Gleason, sp. nov.
Herba parva; caules usque ad 1 dm. longi, 4-angulati, sparse
setosi praesertim ad angulos, pilis simplicibus 1-2 mm. longis, inter-
nodiis 3*7 mm. longis. Folia opposita in quoque jugo fere aequalia,
obovata, 5-H mm. longa, 4-6 mm. lata, apice rotundata, obscure
serrulata, ad basin in petiolum 2-4 mm. longum angustata, utrinque
sparsissime longisetosa. Flores deficientes. Capsulae (2 observa-
tae) in axillis superioribus solitariae, obconicae, valde 8-costatae,
8 mm. longae, glabrae. Sepala 4, semicircularia, minutissime
ciliolata (Fig. 92).
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on lower south-
eastern slopes of Carrao-tepui', state of Bolivar, alt. 1675-1980 m.,
Julian A. Steyermark 60866, "epiphyte on mossy logs and on living
tree-trunks near the base; leaves subcoriaceous, dark lavender green
above with punctations, deep rose-orchid below; petals white. '*
Through the key formerly presented by me (Bull. Torrey Club 58:
424. 1931) this little plant would be referred to the well known M.
cristatum (L.C. Rich.) Tr., from which it differs in its smaller size,
smaller leaves of different shape, solitary flowers, and entirely
different general habit.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 433
FIGURE 92
Macrocentrum minus
A, Habit of plant (X 1); B, .Leaf (X 5).
434 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Leandra edentula Gleason, sp. nov. Sect. Tschudya.
Frutex 1.5 m. altus. Kami juveniles densissime hirsuti, pilis
adscendentibus simplicibus, 0.5 mm. longis, mox glabrescentes.
Petioli 1-2 cm. longi, sicut rami hirsuti. Laminae ovato-lanceolatae,
usque ad 10 cm. longae 4 cm. latae, acuminatae, fere integrae, basi
rotundatae, 5-nerviae, supra scabrido-hirsutae, pilis erectis 0.5-0.8
mm. longis, ad venas primarias densissime strigosae, pilis 0.5-1 mm.
longis, subtus dense hirsutae, pilis ca. 1 mm. longis. Panicula
angusta, usque ad 8 cm. longa, hirsuta. Flores desiderantur. Hypan-
thium fructiferum breviter pedicellatum, subglobosum, lilacinum, 6
mm. longum, dense hirsutum, pilis ca. 1 mm. longis. Calycis tubus
0.2 mm. longus, lobi oblongi, patuli, 1.2 mm. longi; dentes exteriores
nulli. Semina semi-obovata, 0.7 mm. longa, apice unilateraliter
appendiculata.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on densely^ wooded
slopes of narrow ridge between quebrada and summit, Sororopan-tepui,
state of Boli'var, alt. 2130-2250 m., Julian A. Steyermark 601 71, "shrub
5 feet tall; leaves membranaceous with dark green above, dull green
below with mulberry-lavender nerves; rachis rose-lavender, pubescent
as are the pedicels; fruit globose^ 8-9 mm. in diameter, lilac;"
Steyermark 60194, also from Sororopan-tepui, is the same.
While related to species 189-191 in Cogniaux' monograph, our
plant differs from them, as well as from the more recently described
L. procumbens Ule, in its long sepals without exterior teeth.
Leandra stellipilis Gleason, sp. nov. Sect. Tschudya.
Frutex 3 m. altus. Rami juveniles 4-angulati mox teretes, minutis-
sime stellato-puberuli et glanduloso-hirsuti, pilis patulis 1-1.5 mm.
longis. Folia fere isophylla. Petioli 2-2.5 cm. longi, sicut caules
pubescentes sed densiore. Laminae tenues, ovatae, usque ad 15 cm.
longae 8 cm. latae, breviter acuminatae, minute serrulatae, basi
rotundatae, 5-pli-nerviae, jugo marginal! neglecto, supra in medio
areolarum sparse hirsutae, pilis simplicibus rectis 1-1.5 mm. longis,
ad venas primarias tomentosae in linea angusta, pilis saepe apice
fissis ca. 0.5 mm. longis, subtus ad venas venulasque omnes minutis-
sime stellatae et simpliciter hirsutae, pilis 0.5-1.5 mm. longis; venae
secundariae sub angulo fere recto divergentes. Inflorescentia sicut
caulis pubescens, paniculata, late ramosa, 1 dm. longa. Flores
desiderantur. Hypanthium fructiferum breviter pedicellatum, sub-
globosum, 4 mm. longum, sicut caulis pubescens. Calycis limbus
0.3 mm. longus; lobi oblongi a toro 1 mm. longi; dentes exteriores
fere ad apicem sepalorum adnati, tune subulati, recurvato-divergentes,
hirsuti, 1.6 mm. longi. Semina complanata, semi-obovata, 0.7 mm.
longa, apice unilateraliter appendiculata.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on densely wooded
slopes of narrow ridge between quebrada and summit, Sororopan-
tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 2130-2250 m., Julian A. Steyermark 60162.
Doubtless closely related to L. purpurea Gl., which it resembles
in habit. Our species differs in its 5-pli-nerved leaves and especial-
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 435
ly in the stellate pubescence which underlies the glandular bristles
on stem, petioles, inflorescence, and hypanthiura.
Miconia pachypoda Gleason, sp. nov. Sect. Tamonea.
Arbor 9 m. alta. Kami superiores, pedunculi, et pedicelli den-
sissime stellato-tomentosi, pilis sessilibus multiradiatis 0.4 mm.
longis, atque densiter longeque purpureo-hirsuti, pilis usque ad 10
mm. longis. Petioli validi, usque ad 7.5 cm. longi, subtus stellato-
tomentosi supra tomentosi atque hirsuti. Laminae ellipticae, usque
ad 38 cm. longae 18 cm. latae, breviter acuminatae, integrae, basi
late cuneatae, 5-nerviae, jugo marginal! neglecto, supra glabra,
subtus molliter stellato-tomentosae, ad paginam cinereae ad venas
ferrugineae. Panicula conferta 1 dm. longa; pedunculus 8 cm. longus;
pedicelli 1-3 mm. longi, obconici, sub hypanthio dilatati. Flores 5-
meri, bracteis 2 deciduis obovato-oblongis 9 mm. longi arete invo-
lucrati. Hypanthium poculiforme, 3.3 mm. longum, glabrum. Calycis
tubus 2.6 mm. longus; sepala semicircularia e sinibus rotundatis, 0.7
mm. longa. Petala anguste obovato-oblonga, 12.5 mm. longa. Stamina
isomorpha; filamenta gracilia, 10 mm. longa, infra medium sparse
breviterque villosa; antherae subulatae, arcuatae, 9 mm. longae, poro
ventro-terrainali dehiscentes; connectivum non productum. Ovarium
superum conicum; stylus 15 mm. longus, infra medium villosum;
stigma peltatum, 1.6 mm. diam.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on south-facing
densely forested slopes between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia
Kathy Camp," Ptari-tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 1500-1520 m.,
Julian A. Steyermark 59447, "petals waxy, dull pinkish-cream;
filaments orange-brown; connective brown; anthers yellow; nodes,
hairs on peduncle, and rachis wine-purple."
The character of the flowers indicates at once the section Tamo-
nea. Among the 55 described species of the section not one has
pubescence of this character. Its paired bracts suggest a relation to
a small species-group including M. dodecandra (Desr.) Cogn. and
perhaps five other species.
Miconia Steyermarkii Gleason, sp. nov. Sect. Eumiconia.
Frutex 1.5-2.5 m. altus, ramis superioribus teretibus arete stellato-
furfuraceis. Petioli crassi, 2 mm. longi. Laminae subcoriaceae,
ovato-oblongae, 5*7.5 cm. longae, 2.5-3.5 cm. latae, breviter acumi-
natae ad apicem obtusam, integrae, basi leviter cordatae, 3-nerviae,
jugo submarginali obscuro neglecto, utrinque glabrae, supra nitentes,
subtus opacae. Panicula terminalis 4-7 cm. longa. Flores 5-meri,
sessiles vel brevissime pedicellati. Hypanthium poculiforme, ad
torum 1.6 mm. longum, sparse stellatum. Calycis tubus 0.6 mm.
productus erectus; sepala semicircularia, 0.4 mm. longa e sinibus
late rotundatis. Petala alba, oblongo-obovata, 3.8 mm. longa, paulo
inequilatera. Stamina dimorpha. Series episepala: filamenta gra-
cilia, 3 mm. longa; antherae lineares, ca. 3 mm. longae; connectivum
basin versus incrassatum, infra thecas 0.7 mm. productum in lobum
triangularem dorsalem et lobos 2 deflexos laterales assurgentes,
436 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
apice glandulis 1 vel 2 ornatos. Series epipetala: filamenta 2.2 mm.
longa; antherae crassiores, 2.2 ram. longae; connectivum basin versus
in lobos 1 dorsalem 2 laterales breviter et obscure productum. Ova-
rium semi-inferum; stylus 2.3 mm. longus; stigma truncatum.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on summit of Cerro
Duida, Savana Hills, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 1025-1200 m.,
Julian A. Steyermark 58262, "shrub 5-8 feet tall; leaves chartaceous-
subcoriaceous, deep green and shining above, dull green below;
petals creamy white."
The character of the stamens, which indicates its position in
Section Eumiconia, are duplicated in many other species, from all of
which our species stands distinct in the shape of the leaf and the
length of the petiole. The same species was collected by Tate in
sterile condition, under number 788, and was reported (Bull. Torrey
Club sg: 422, 1931) as "possibly a Graff enrieda."
Miconia larensis Gleason, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena.
Frutex 3 m. altus, ramis teretibus primum stipitato-stellatis demum
furfuraceis. Petioli 5-8 mm. longi, stipitato-stellati. Laminae cori-
aceae, ovato-lanceolatae, usque ad 35 mm. longae 16 mm. latae,
acutae, integrae subrevolutae, basi rotundatae, 3-nerviae, jugo
marginali conspicue neglecto, supra glabrae, valde rugosae, subtus
foveolatae, valde reticulatae, ad venas brunneo-stipitato-stellatae,
ad venulas albo-stellatae. Paniculae ramosae confertae, 4-6 cm.
longae; ramuli 1-flori, 5-8 mm. longi; pedicelli ca. 1 mm. longi;
inflorescentia tota dense tomentosa, pilis brunneo-stipitato-stellatis.
Hypanthium obconicum, ad torum 5 mm. longum, dense stipitato-
stellatum, parietibus crassis. Calycis tubus 2 mm. longus, ut hy-
panthium stellatus; sepala vera a sinibus rotundatis 5 mm. longa,
triangularia, acuminata, intus pubescentia; dentes exteriores toto
adnati, ultra sepalorum apices 1 mm. producti. Petala obovata,
breviter unguiculata, lamina obovata. Stamina isomorpha; filamenta
glabra, gracilia, 3.3 mm. longa, infra apicem geniculata; thecae
obovato-oblongae, 3.3 mm. longae; connectivum teres brevissime
productum. Ovarium 5-locula.re, fere inferum, summo puberulum;
stylus gracilis, glaber, 4.7 mm. longus; stigma truncatum (Fig. 93)-
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in wet meadow at
Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west of Humucaro Bajo, state
of Lara, alt. 2530 m., Julian A. Steyermark 55275, "shrub 8-10 feet
tall bordering edge of woods around meadow; petals white, some-
times tinged at base with pink; style rose-red; filaments whitish;
anthers yellow; calyx buff-tawny; leaves rugose finely, dark green
above, buff below; main nerves below rufous-brown."
Among the numerous species of the section Amblyarrhena which I
have examined, only three have elongate sepals, M. incurva Gl., of
Costa Rica, with much larger flowers and leaves, truncate sepals,
and capitate stigma; M. longisepala Gl., of Peru, with larger leaves,
glandular filaments, and peltate stigma; M. Skutchii Gl., of Ecuador,
with very large leaves, pubescence of simple hairs, and semicircular
sepals.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 437
FIGURE 93
Miconia larensis
(X 1).
438 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Tococa bolivarensis Gleason, sp. nov.
Caulis suffruticosus 6-9 dm. altus, simplex vel pauciramosus,
prime sparse minuteque stipitatostellatus et sparsissime longeque
hirsutus, mox glaber, internodis maturis 3*8 cm. longis. Petioli 3-6
mm. longi. Formicaria nulla. Laminae erectae vel adscendentes,
oblongae, usque ad 48 mm. longae 22 mm. latae, obtusae, ciliatae
pilis simplicibus 2 mm. longis, basi rotundatae, 3-nerviae jugo margi-
nali neglecto, supra in sicco rugulosae venis depressis, sparse
hirsutae pilis 2-3 mm. longis, subtus ad venas sparsissime hirsutae
ceterum glabrae. Inflorescentia termihalis 3-flora, pedunculo 2.5 cm.
longo. Hypanthium cum calyce leviter patulo truncate ca. 7 mm.
longum, dense hirsutum, pilis patulis glandulosis 2 mm. longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on southeastern por-
tion of base of Carrao-tepuf, state of Bolivar, alt. 1460-1615 m.,
Julian A. Steyermark 60856, "two to three feet tall, branching or
single-stemmed; leaves erect, subcoriaceous, dark green above, dull
paler green below; hairs on calyx rose-purple; petals salmon-rose
with buff on margins; filaments pale rose."
In its general aspect our plant strongly suggests a relation to the
well known T. nitens (Benth.) Triana, but differs in its smaller
leaves, truncate calyx, and glandular hypanthium. It is also remi-
niscent of the three endemic species of Duida, but differs from T.
obovata Gl. and T. montana Gl. in its truncate calyx and from
T. oligantha Gl. in its obtuse leaves and glandular hypanthium.
ONAGRACEAE
Fuchsia adpressipilis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.3-2.3-metralis; ramulis dense adpresso-pilosulis; foliis
oppositis vel ternatis petiolatis, petiolis 4-27 mm. longis supra rugo-
sis subtus pallidioribus late vel anguste elliptico-oblongis vel
obovato-ellipticis apice subacutis basi obtusis vel subacutis 4.7-
13.2 cm. longis 2.7-7 cm. latis, marginibus subintegerrimis vel remote
minutissime denticulatis, costa media subtus paullo prominenti
adpresso-pilosula, nervis lateralibus utroque 10-16 arcuato-adscen-
dentibus subtus paullo prominentibus ante marginem 3-5 mm. anasto-
mosantibus, utrinque laxe areolatis, utrinque adpresso-pilosulis;
stipulis deltoideis apice acuminatis minutissimis 1-1.5 ram. longis;
floribus 1-2 in axillis superioribus vel paucis terminalibus et laterali-
bus in racemis brevibus compactis; bracteis late ovatis vel elliptico-
ovatis 5-20 mm. longis vel foliis supremis non reductis et foliaceis;
pedicellis 4-9 mm. longis dense adpresso-puberulis pilis cinereis;
ovario dense cinereo-puberulo sub anthesi 8-13 mm. longo 1.5 mm.
diametro; hypanthio rosaceo 18-21 mm. longo inferne 3 mm. lato
superne 4-5 mm. lato extus dense cinereo-puberulo; sepalis rosaceis
adscendentibus ligulato- vel lineari-oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis
subobtusis vel subacutis vel acutis 9-12 mm. longis 3.1-3-5 mm. latis
extus dense puberulis intus glabris; petalis purpureis vel atropurpu-
reis anguste oblongo-lanceolatis vel anguste oblongo-ellipticis vel
elliptico-lanceolatis subacutiusculis vel subobtusiusculis 7-11 mm.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 439
longis 2.5-2.8 mm. latis glabris, sepalis aequantibus vel brevioribus;
antheris late oblongis 2.5-2.8 mm. longis; filamentis superne atro-
purpureis inaequalibus 4.5-6.5 mm. longis glabris; stylo rosaceo-
rubro 27-28 mm. longo glabro; stigmate roseo capitato 2.5 mm. lato;
bacca cylindrica vel anguste ellipsoidea 15-25 mm. longa 0.5 mm.
lata dense adpresso-puberula.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on slopes of mountain
between Santo Domingo and Los Quebraditos, south of Las Sabane-
tas, above Humocaro Bajo, state of Lara, alt. 2430-2475 m., February
8, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 55381, "shrub 5 feet tall; petals
purple; calyx lobes and tube rose, calyx lobes ascending; leaves
rugose above, deep green above, paler green below; filaments
purplish-orchid. ' '
Also collected between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, state of
Merida, alt. 1490-3210 m., March 25, 1944, Steyermark 55769, "shrub-
by herb, 4-8 feet tall; the upper parts herbaceous; calyx tube and
lobes dull rose; petals blackish purple as are filaments in upper half,
rose at base; style rose-red; stigma pink; anther creamy; leaves pale
green below, dull dark green above."
Local name: "clavelito."
This species is characterized by the relatively small rose-colored
hypanthium and sepals, narrowly oblong-lanceolate purple petals,
densely appressed pilosulose stems, pedicels, and outer surface of
hypanthium, sepals, and petals, leaf blades more or less densely
puberulent on both surfaces, with the upper surface conspicuously
rugose, and densely puberulent elongated fruits. If placed with those
species having a definite inflorescence, it approaches such species
as F. Hartwegii Benth. and F. putumayensis Munz, both of Colombia,
but if placed with the group having axillary flowers in the axils of
somewhat reduced foliage leaves, it would approach such species as
F. loxensis H.B.K. of Ecuador and F. decussata R. & P. of Peru or
F. hypoleuca Johnston of Ecuador.
The second collection cited (Steyermark 55769) has slightly
shorter, darker purple petals, slightly wider sepals, somewhat shorter
hypanthium and less rugose and sometimes narrower leaves with
somewhat longer petioles, but in all other respects matches the type
collection.
Fuchsia meridensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 1.8-2.8-metralis; ramulis minute puberulentibus; foliis
oppositis vel ternatis petiolatis, petiolis 3"9 mm. longis minute
puberulentibus; laminis membranaceis supra nitidis subtus pallido-
viridibus elliptico-oblongis apice acutis vel acuminatis basi ple-
rumque obtusis vel subobtusis 2.5-8.2 cm. longis 0.9-2.5 cm. latis,
marginibus subintegerrimis, costa media subtus glabra vel minute
remote puberula, ceterum utrinque glabris, nervis lateralibus utroque
10-12 arcuato-patentibus supra sulcatis vel impressis subtus promi-
nentibus ante marginem 1-2 mm. anastomosantibus; stipulis 1.5-2 mm.
longis minute puberulentibus; stipulis 1.5-2 mm. longis minute
440 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
puberulentibus; floribus solitaries in axillis superioribus; pedicellis
14-16 mm. longis minute puberulentibus; ovario oblongo 4.5-5 mm.
longo minute et parce puberulo ca. 2 mm. diam.; hypanthio coccineo
30-35 mm. longo inferne 2-3 mm. lato superne 5 mm. lato extus parce
remote puberulenti vel parte dimidia superior! saepe glabrescenti
intus villosulo; sepalis coccineis lanceolatis acuminatis 14-16.5 mm.
longis 4 mm. latis extus parce remote puberulentibus vel glabrescen-
tibus intus glabris; petalis coccineis anguste oblanceolatis acutis
glabris 12-14 mm. longis 3-8 mm. latis, sepalis aequantibus; stamini-
bus inaequalibus 5-10 mm. longis petalorum %~% longitudinem
aequantibus; antheris late oblongis 2.5-2.8 mm. longis; filamentis
coccineis 4.5-7.5 ram. longis glabris; stylo coccineo 48 mm. longo
ultra sepala 2-3 mm. longo extenso superne glabro ceterum villosulo;
stigmate capitate 2 mm. diam.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between La Azulita
and La Trampa, on road towards Lagunillas, state of Merida, alt.
1280-2225 m., April 27, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56162, "corolla
and calyx scarlet as are filaments and style; petioles rose-purplish;
upper part of stem purplish; shrubby, dangling stems, 5-8 feet tall;
leaves merabranaceous, rich shining green above, pale green below."
This species apparently has the flowers solitary in the flower
axils, and, as such, is most closely related to F. Llewelynii Mac-
bride of Peru, from which it differs in the leaf shape, much shorter
hypanthium, shorter filaments, and sepals glabrous or minutely and
sparsely puberulent instead of strigillose without. From F. Killippii
Johnston of Colombia, with which it bears some resemblance in the
flowers, it differs in the fewer-flowered inflorescence of solitary
axillary flowers, mostly obtuse base of the leaf blades, minutely
puberulent pedicels, longer cylindric-oblong ovary, shorter stamens
and filaments, and style exserted 2-3 mm. instead of 5 mm. beyond
the sepals.
Fuchsia verrucosa Hartw., var. tamaensis Steyermark, var. nov.
Suffrutex 1.3-1.6-metralis; ramulis glabris vel glabrescentibus
vinaceo-purpureis; foliis oppositis petiolatis, petiolis 0.9-2 cm.
longis plerumque glabris, laminis firme membranaceis late ovato-
ellipticis utrinque acuminatis 10-16.5 cm. longis 4-7 cm. latis,
marginibus tenuiter denticulatis infra medium integerrimis excepto,
costa media subtus prominenti glabra vel minutissime pubescenti,
nervis lateralibus utroque 20-23 subtus paullo prominentibus ante
marginem 1-3 mm. anastomosantibus, utrinque laxe areolatis, supra
glabris subtus ad nervos atque venulas minutissime puberulis, foliis
novellis subtus magis pubescentibus; stipulis triangulari-ovatis
subito subulatis 3-3.5 mm. longis; floribus solitariis in axillis supe-
rioribus; pedicellis glabris 2-2.8 cm. longis; ovario pallido-viridi
subglabro 4-angulato 10-15 mm. longo 3.5 mm. diam.; hypanthio rubro
4.5-5.5 mm. longo utrinque glabro; sepalis rubris oblongo-lanceolatis
acutis 8.5*9 mm. longis 4.5 mm. latis glabris; petalis rubris oblongo-
obovatis apice obtusis vel subacutis 10 mm. longis 5.5 mm. latis
glabris; antheris 2-2.2 mm. longis; filamentis 1-1.1 mm. longis gla-
bris; stylo 8.5 mm. longo; stigmate 2 mm. crasso et longo.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 441
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in wooded quebrada
in Montana of Rio Tachira at base of Pa'ramo de Taraa', between
Betania and Tama, by Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, state of
Tachira, alt. 2430 m., July 13, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57175,
"herb 4-5 feet tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, deep green above,
pale green below, areolate below between lateral nerves; stems wine
purple; sepals and petals blood or scarlet red; ovary pale green;
base of petiole dull lavender."
At first this was believed to represent a new species, but com-
parison with F. verrucosa Hartw. reveals a close relationship with
that species. It differs from typical F. verrucosa of Colombia in the
larger leaf blades with 20-23 instead of 15 lateral nerves on each
side, longer petioles, longer anthers, wider sepals, slightly longer
petals, and slightly longer ovary. The more numerous lateral nerves
and larger leaves are the most striking differences encountered, but
the slight floral differences noted probably do not warrant specific
segregation.
One of the collections of F. verrucosa cited by Munz from Colombia
(Killip & Smith 19976 from road Pamplona to Toledo, Dept. Santander
del Norte) was obtained only approximately 15 kilometers (by air)
west and southwest of the present collection in Venezuela.
ARALIACEAE
Dendropanax larensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor; ramulis glabris novellis angulatis; foliis petiolatis, petiolis
3-5 mm. longis; laminis coriaceis supra atroviridibus nitidis
spatulato- vel cuneato-oblongis apice obtusis vel rotundatis mucro-
natis basi sensim angustatis acutis vel subacutis 2.5-8 cm. longis
1-3.3 cm. latis utrinque glabris, marginibus revolutis, costa media
subtus prominenti, nervis lateralibus utroque 3-5 subtus prominenti-
bus, utrinque laxe conspicue reticulatis; inflorescentiis terminalibus
hemisphaericis paniculatis 5-5.5 cm. longis 5.5*6 cm. latis, ramulis
1.8-2.2 cm. longis glabris; bracteis late ovatis acutis 2-3 mm. longis
glabris; pedunculis 3-5 mm. longis 3-3.5 mm. diam.; capitulis um-
bellatis globosis 15-30-floris 1.5-1.7 cm. diam.; pedicellis 5-6 mm.
longis glabris; hypanthio et calyce 2 mm. longo 3.5 mm. lato; calycis
lobis 5 latissimis et brevissimis apiculatis marginibus minutissime
pilosulis ceterum glabris; petalis ovato-lanceolatis apice acutiuscu-
lis incrassato-incurvatis 3.5 mm. longis 2 mm. latis extus apicem
versus dense papillatis; antheris late oblongis vel suborbicularibus
2 mm. longis; filamentis 1.5 mm. longis; ovario 5"loculari glabro;
stylis inferne coalitis; fructu ignoto.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between Buenos
Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, state of Lara, alt. 2285-3290 m.,
February 11, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 55434, "leaves coriaceous,
dark green and shining above, dull green below, revolute on margins;
flowers pale greenish."
Local name: "laurel alcornoco."
442 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
This species is distinguished by the cuneate-obovate or
spatulate leaves which are rounded and apiculate at tip, and
by the globose compact clusters of flowers. The 5-celled
ovary places it in Dendropanax.
Oreopanax capitatus (Jacq.) Dene. & Planch., var. minor Steyermark,
var. nov.
A typo differt foliis minoribus, laminis supra nitidis 6-9 cm. longis
2.3*3.8 cm. latis, et capitulis fructiferis parvis 1.5-1.7 cm. diam.
congestis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between La Cumbre,
San Jose, and Mucutuy, state of Me'rida, alt. 1820-2590 m., May 3,
1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56242, "shrub or tree 25 feet tall; leaves
coriaceous, deep green and shining above, paler green below; fruit
green and shining."
This variety differs from typical O. capitatus in the smaller leaves,
which are shining above, and in the small crowded fruiting clusters.
Oreopanax venezuelense Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 13-17-metralis; ramulis dense stellato-puberulis; petiolis
10-15 cm. longis stellato-puberulis vel glabrescentibus; laminis sub-
coriaceis supra atroviridibus subtus argenteis, ambitu suborbiculari-
bus 7-38 cm. longis 4.5-60 cm. latis usque ad medium in 3-6 lobulos
divisis, lobis oblongo-lanceolatis cuspidato-acuminatis 2.5-27 cm.
longis 1.5-10 cm. latis integerrimis vel grosse serratis serraturis
oblique triangulari-lanceolatis apice cuspidato-acuminatis, supra
glabris subtus dense argenteo-stellato-tomentosis, nervis lateralibus
5*9 prominentibus; inf lores centiis terminalibus paniculatis sub fructu
11.5-24 cm. longis 7-24 cm. latis, rhachi et ramulis dense stellato-
tomentosis vel glabrescentibus, ramulis 1.3-3 cm. Jongis; pedunculo-
rum bracteis amplectentibus ovato-subulatis 4-5 mm. longis tomento-
sis; capitulis oblongis sub fructu 2.5-12 cm. longis 1.5-4 cm. latis;
pedunculis secundariis 2-8 mm. longis dense stellato-tomentellis;
pedicellis nullis; calycis lobis sub fructu ovatis acutis 1.5 mm.
longis 0.5 mm. latis stellato-tomentellis; stylis 5 liberis brevibus;
fructibus ovoideis 5*6 mm. longis 4.5-5 mm. diam. glabris; fructuum
bracteis late subrotundato-obovatis rotundatis 2.5 mm. longis 2-3
mm. latis intus glabris extus lateribus glabris ceterum tomentosis.
Typ'e in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on rocky limestone
north-facing steep forested slopes of Cerro Guacharo, above lime-
stone bluffs above La Laguna, between Guacharo Cave and San
Agusti'n, state of Monagas, alt. 1100-1300 m., April 11, 1945, Julian
A. Steyermark 62017 (3 sheets), "tree 50 feet tall; leaves subcori-
aceous, deep green above, silvery buff below."
Also collected on Cerro Turumiquire, on north-facing slopes above
La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, state of
Sucre, alt. 2100-2200 m., May 5, 1945, Steyermark 62433. "tree 40-60
feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above, silvery buff below;
fruit becoming black."
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 443
xxThis species is distinguished from the related 0. Moritzii Harms,
O. reticulatum (Willd.) Dene. & Planch., and O. chrysoleucum Pi. &
Lind., in the more contracted denser-flowered inflorescences, the
densely finely tomentose peduncles, the densely tomentulose bracts
immediately subtending the fruits, the broader, shorter, and mostly
less numerous lobes of the leaves, whose lower surface is com-
pletely covered by the silvery buff densely tomentulose pubescence,
and does not show the fine reticulation as in the species above
mentioned.
Schlefflera Cuatrccasasiana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Arbor 5-8-metralis; ramulis robustis in sicco nigricantibus glabris;
foliis 6-foliolatis; petiolis robustis nigricantibus 15-21 cm. longis
4-7 mm. diam. minute tomentellis, petiolulis 1.5-4.5 cm. longis nigri-
cantibus; foliolis coriaceis supra atroviridibus subtus pallido
brunneis late oblongo-obovatis utrinque rotundatis vel truncatis 11.5-
21 cm. longis 6-11 cm. latis marginibus integerrimis incrassatis supra
glabris costa media parce remote puberulenti excepto subtus glabris
vel minute tomentellis, costa media prominenti, nervis lateralibus
utroque 11-15 patentibus utrinque prominentibus, venulis reticulatis;
inflorescentiis paniculatis 30-33 cm- longis, ramulis 6-9 adscendenti-
bus robustis 2.5"3«5 cm. longis 5'6 mm. latis angulatis pluricostatis
minute tomentellis; pedunculorum bracteis amplectentibus suborbicu-
laribus obtusis vel rotundatis 5-7 mm. longis extus minutissime
tomentellis; capitulis subglobosis vel globosis 1.7-2.2 cm, altis
2.2-2.5 cm. latis; floribus sessilibus; ovario 2-loculari glabro; stylis
apice liberis sub fructu parte dura 2.5 mm. longis; fructu (immature)
10 mm. longo 4 mm. lato; fructuum bracteis obcuneatis apice truncatis
incrassatis glabris atque duobus marginibus glabris sed infra apicem
et ad carinam pallide lanuginosis 7-7.5 mm- longis.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in rich moist woods
at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, state of
Tachira, alt. 2500-2895 m., July 15, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57336
(2 sheets), "tree 15-25 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep green
above, buff brown below."
This species differs from S, samariana Cuatr. of the Paramo de
Tama of the Colombian side in the well developed and elongated
peduncles, fewer heads in the inflorescence, glabrous ovary or young
fruits, much larger bracts subtending the fruits, these bracts of a
different shape and pubescent only on keel and below tip, rugose
upper leaf surface, lower leaf surface with a dense felted coating of
hairs instead of a short subappressed type as in S. samariana, and
broader leaflets, which are more rounded at the tip.
From S. pentandra (Pav.) Harms it differs in the stouter, ascend-
ing, longer peduncles, and differently shaped leaves, while from
S. angulata (Pav.) Harms it may be separated by the longer peduncles
of each head and in the rugose upper leaf surface.
444 FIELDIANA: BOTANY , VOLUME 28
Schefflera duidae Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex 6.5-8-metralis; ramulis tomentosis pilis rufescentibus;
stipulis 7-8.5 cm. longis dense tomentulosis pilis rufescentibus
obtectis; foliis 5-8-foliolatis; petiolis 28 cm. longis vel ultra tomen-
tosis pilis rufescentibus obtectis, petiolulis 3-5.5 cm. longis to-
mentosis pilis rufescentibus obtectis; foliolis subcoriaceis supra
atroviridibus subtus ferrugineis late oblongis apice subito cuspidato-
acuminatis acumine 10-12 mm. longo basi rotundatis 14-25 cm. longis
4.5-H cm. latis marginibus integerrimis incrassatis supra glabris
costa media interdum brunneo-puberula subtus tomentulosis pilis
stellatis ferrugineis obtectis, costa media prominenti, nervis latera-
libus utroque 16-25 patentibus prominentibus, venulis reticulatis;
inflorescentiis 35-37 cm. longis, rhachi 4 mm. diam. ferrugineo-
tomentosis; capitulis subglobosis 5*6 mm. diam.; pedunculis 3~4 mm.
longis ferrugineo-tomentosis: floribus sessilibus; hypanthio turbinato
glabro; calycis lobis brevissimis late rotundatis; ovario 5-loculari
2.5 mm. longo 3 mm. lato glabro; stylis 5 squarrosis liberis; florium
bracteis ovatis subito acuminatis 1.5-2 mm. longis 1-1.5 mm. latis;
fructu non viso.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on Cerro Duida,
southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano
Iguapo), Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 305-1095 m., August 25-
26, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57989 (2sheets), "shrub with simple
stem, 20-25 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above, dull
green below with rufous-brown or castaneous; rachis covered with
rufous-brown tomentum; flowers pale green."
This species is somewhat similar in aspect to S. digyna Cuatr.,
but that has, among other differences, 2 styles, a pubescent ovary,
larger heads, and leaves pubescent on the upper surface.
Schefflera Jahnii (Harms) Steyermark, comb. nov.
Oreopanax Jahnii Harms Notiz. 13: 446. 1937; Oreopanax meridense
Planch. & Linden, ex Seem, in Journ. of Bot. Ill: 275. 1865, nomen.
Oreopanax meridense, a name only when published, appears to be
synonymous with 0. Jahnii. Although Oreopanax Jahnii is described
as having 3-5 leaflets and O. meridense shows 5"7 leaflets, Steyer-
mark 56053 from Venezuela has 5-7 leaflets.
Schefflera tamana Steyermark, sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor 6-8-metralis; ramulis glabrescentibus vel novellis
adpresso-pilosis; stipulis lanceolatis 2-2.5 cm. longis intus glabris
extus parce pubescentibus; foliis 5-7-foliolatis; petiolis gracilibus
5-6 cm. longis brunneo-tomentosis demum glabrescentibus; petiolulis
6-12 mm. longis brunneo-tomentosis vel demum subglabrescentibus;
foliolis coriaceis supra atroviridibus tenuiter reticulato-rugosis
oblongis apice subito cuspidato-acuminatis, acumine 5"7 mm. longo,
basi rotundatis 3.5-5.5 cm. longis 1.5-2.3 cm. latis marginibus inte-
gerrimis supra glabris subtus glabris costa media saepe brunneo-
tomentosa excepto, costa media subtus prominenti, nervis lateralibus
utroque 8-9 inconspicuis, venulis subtus reticulatis paullo
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 445
manifestis; inflorescentiis terminalibus paniculatis 15-20 cm. longis,
rhachi in lineis pubescentibus ceterum glabris vel subglabris; ramulis
18-21 patentibus tenuibus, 14-18 mm. longis 1-1.5 mm. latis parce
tomentosis vel subglabris; pedunculorum bracteis ovatis caudato-
acuminatis 4~5 mm. longis parce pilosis vel subglabris; umbellis
subglobosis 5'8 mm. longis 12-15 mm. latis 5'7-floris; pedicellis 4-5
mm. longis glabris vel subglabris; ovario 5-loculari 2.5 mm. longo
3.5 mm. lato glabro; stylis 5 basi coalitis superne liberis parte
libera 1 mm. longa; fructu in sicco 5-angulato subgloboso 3.5 mm.
longo 4.5 mm. lato glabro; florium bracteis ovatis 1 mm. longis
parce pubescentibus.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in rich moist woods
at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, state of
Tachira, alt. 2500-2895 m., July 15, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark
57321, "tree or shrub 20-25 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep dark
green above, dull green below; fruit green; rachis brown."
This species is well marked by its small leaflets, rugulose-
reticulate on their upper surface, short petioles and petiolules, and
relatively short inflorescences with short pedicels.
It is related to S. bogotensis Cuatr. and S. huilensis Cuatr. From
the former it differs in the smaller leaflets, inflorescence, and fruits,
and from the latter in the smaller leaflets and petiolules, rugulose
shining upper leaf surface, glabrate rachis of inflorescence, and
glabrous ovaries.
UMBELLIFERAE25
Azorella Julianii Mathias & Constance, sp. nov.
Herba caespitosa foliis radicalibus petiolatis laminis coreaceis
oblanceolatis ovalibusve obtusis basi cuneatis decurrentibusve ultra
medium ad apicem versus crenatis supra glabratis vel basi pilis
laxiusculis setosis subtus glabratis 10-20 mm. longis 6-10 mm. latis,
petiolis basi scari.oso-vaginatis setoso-ciliatis 1-2 cm. longis, um-
bellis ca. 10-floris pedunculis pilis laxiusculis plus minusve dense
vestitis ca. 1 cm. longis, involucri bracteis 6-8 lineari-oblongis
subscariosis setoso-ciliatis ca. 5 mm. longis ca. 1 mm. latis, pedi-
cellis infra medium ut apud pedunculos vestitis 2-6 mm. longis,
calycis laciniis triangularibus viridibus acutis ca, 0.5 mm. longis
latisque, petalis ovalis obtusis ca. 1.5 mm. longis, stylis adscenden-
tibus 1-1.5 mm. longis, fructu ovoideo dorso paullo compresso 2.5
mm. longo 2 mm. lato, co.stis obscuris.
Plants cespitose; radical leaves petiolate, the blades oblanceolate
to oval, 10-20 mm. long, 6-10 mm. broad, obtuse, cuneate or decurrent
at the base, distally setose-crenate (the setae slender and flexuous)
with 10 or more shallow crenations, coriaceous in texture, glabrous
on both surfaces or frequently with 10 or more lax setose hairs at the
apex of the petiole on the upper surface of some of the leaves; peti-
oles 1-2 cm. long, scariously sheathing at the base, densely setose-
Mildred Mathias & Lincoln Constance
446
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ciliate; umbels about 10-flowered, the peduncles about 1 cm. long,
rather densely clothed with long, lax hairs; involucral bracts 6-8,
linear-oblong, about 5 mm- l°ng> about 1 mm. broad, setose-ciliate,
subscarious; pedicels 2-6 mm. long, pubescent below like the pe-
duncles; calyx teeth triangular, acute, about 0.5 mm. long and broad,
green; petals oval, about 1.5 mm. long, obtuse; styles 1-1.5 mm. long,
ascending; fruit ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, slightly com-
pressed dorsally, the ribs obscure (Fig. 94).
FIGURE 94
A z or el In ] ulianii
A, Habit (X1.5); B, Umbel (X 1.25); C, Fruit (X 6); D, Cross-section
of fruit (X 9).
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -II 447
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotypes in herb. U. of Cal.
and U. of Cal. at Los Angeles, collected near upper limit of paramo,
around small lake, between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El
Aguila, state of Merida, alt. 3930 m., April 15, 1944, Julian A.
Steyermark 55894. Also collected in paramo along upper headwaters
of Rio Tormero, below El Aguila and above Chachopo, state of Me'ri-
da, alt. 3650-3965 m., March 13, 1944, Steyermark 55658; near El
Aguila, between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, state of Me'rida,
Steyermark 55900; San Rafael, state of Merida, alt. 3533 m., Reed
846 (US).
The genus Azorella appears to have been reported from Venezuela
previously only on the basis of A. crenata (R. & O.) Pers. Although
the general shape and crenation of the leaves of A. Julianii are
somewhat reminiscent of that species, the cuneate and decurrent leaf
blades and restriction of the crenations to the distal half of the
lamina are quite distinctive. Azorella biloba (Schlecht.) Wedd.,
A . ecuadorensis Domin, and A. Lehmannii Hieron. share with A.
Julianii the cuneate and decurrent leaf blades, but in these species
the lamina is either entire or deeply few-lobed. In the present rather
confused taxonomic status of this remarkable and perplexing genus,
the new species appears to be strikingly distinctive and a suitable
memento of its assiduous collector.
Publication 702
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11