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FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 28
NUMBERS 3 AND 4
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
1953-1957
CONTENTS
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA III, IV
By Julian A. Steyermark and Collaborators.
PAGES
Number 3. From Ericaceae through Compositae 449-678
Number 4. From Algae through Spermatophyta: Families Listed in
Systematic Order 679-1190
111
<v^
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
TEXT FIGURES
NUMBER 3
PAGE
95. Ardisia meridensis 455
96. Conomorpha densipapillata 458
97. Conomorpha frigidicola 460
98. Conomorpha hieronymoides 461
99. Conomorpha jajiensis 463
100. Conomorpha larensis 464
101. Conomorpha liriensis 467
102. Conomorpha ptariensis 469
103. Conomorpha roraimae 470
104. Conomorpha sessilanthera 472
105. Conomorpha sulcata 473
106. Conomorpha tamana 474
107. Grammadenia ptariensis 475
108. Rapanea minima 478
109. Stylogyne turumiquirensis 480
110. Styrax duidae 493
111. Utricularia aureomaculata 537
112. Utricularia congesta 541
113. Utricularia cuspidata 543
114. Utricularia heterochroma 545
115. Utricularia Oliverana 547
116. Utricularia subpeltata 549
117. Utricularia tepuiana 551
118. Alseis microcarpa 565
119. Alseis trichocarpa
120. Borreria macrocephala
121. Chimarrhis venezuelensis
122. Chiococca lucens
123. Elaeagia laxiflora
124. Faramea Cardonae
125. Guettarda Steyermarkii
126. Guettarda Steyermarkii f. latior
PAGE
127. Malanea microphylla 583
128. Pagamea anisophylla 585
129. Pagamea auyantepuiensis 587
130. Pagamea Standleyana 590
131. Pagamea Steyermarkii 592
132. Psycholria arenaria 595
133. Psychotria Blakei 597
134. Remijia stenosepala 611
135. Remijia Steyermarkii 613
136. Anguria simplicifolia 621
137. Baccharis ptariensis 625
138. Hymenostephium viride 643
139. Jungia reticulata 645
140. Lucilia venezuelensis 646, 647
141. Oyedaea Blakeana 665
142. Pectis venezuelensis 667
143. Polymnia meridensis 669
144. Quelchia Cardonae 671
NUMBER 4
1. Podocarpus Harmsianus 762
2. Podocarpus Pittieri, P. Steyermarkii 764
3. Podocarpus magnifolius 766
4. Podocarpus pendulifolius 767
5. Podocarpus oleifolius var. trujillensis 768
6. Podocarpus oleifolius var. macroslachyus 770
7. Podocarpus tepuiensis 772
vi
CONTRIBUTIONS TO
THE FLORA OF VENEZUELA
JULIAN A. STEYERMARK
AND COLLABORATORS
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 28, NUMBER 4
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
JANUARY 11, 1957
CONTRIBUTIONS TO
THE FLORA OF VENEZUELA
JULIAN A. STEYERMARK
Curator of the Herbarium
AND COLLABORATORS
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 28, NUMBER 4
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
JANUARY 11, 1957
THEUBMRyOFTHE
1 A i\i Ort <n( 7
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA IV
This part contains an account by families from Algae through
Spermatophyta, arranged in systematic order. As explained in the
introduction to Part I, only those collections are cited (with the
exception of Algae, Mosses, and Podocarpaceae) which are additions
to the known flora of Duida, Roraima, and the Andes, together with
those forming the flora of Ptari-tepui and adjacent Sororopan-tepui,
and those forming the flora of Cerro Turumiquire and adjacent Oriente
section when the latter occur as range extensions. Records of
species new to Venezuela, together with critical taxonomic and
phytogeographical notes, are also included in this section. Special
notes on the geology, topography, floral zones, and ecological
aspects are included on the sections dealing with Ptari-tepui and
with Cerro Turumiquire and adjacent Oriente. Finally, a list of the
new taxa is inserted at the close of the paper in systematic order,
together with the bibliographic citation of publication and general
locality, with a final list of the number of genera, species, varieties,
and forms included under each family of the report.
The author is greatly indebted to the many collaborators, without
whose help the completion of identification of the assemblage of
Venezuelan plants collected would have been impossible. To the
following contributors the author wishes to express his most sincere
thanks:
Francis A. Drouet Algae, with exception of Cladophoraceae
Harold Phinney Cladophoraceae
Carroll W. Dodge Lichens
E. B. Bartram Mosses
C. V. Morton Ferns and fern allies with exception of
Selaginellaceae and Ophioglossaceae, and Gesneriaceae
Robert T. Clausen ....Ophioglossaceae
A. H. C. Alston Selaginellaceae
J. T. Buchholz and Nettie A. Cray Podocarpaceae
Jason R. Swallen Cramineae, with exception of Bambuseae
F. A. McClure Bambuseae, except Mynocladus
Earl L. Core Selena tepuiensis
Charles L. Cilly ......Tribe Cryptangieae of Cyperaceae
The records concerning the distribution of the various taxa in this final
number of "Contributions to the Flora of Venezuela" were submitted to
publisher in March, 1953, and have been in press until the present date
679
680 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Liberty Hyde Bailey and H. E. Moore Roystonea venezuelana
Harold N. Moldenke Eriocaulaceae, Menispermaceae, Verbenaceae
Bassett Maguire Rapatea Steyermarkii, Rosaceae
Lyman B. Smith Bromeliaceae
Robert C. Foster Iridaceae
Charles Schweinfurth Orchidaceae
T. C. Yuncker Piperaceae
Jose' Cuatrecasas. ...... .Moraceae, Cunoniaceae, Quararibea, Senecio,
and Diplostephium
E. P. Killip Urticaceae, Passifloraceae, and Bomarea
Robert E. Fries Annonaceae
Albert C. Smith Myristicaceae, Hippocrateaceae, Ericaceae,
and Vacciniaceae
Robert W. Schery Leguminosae
H. E. Moore, Jr Ceraniaceae
F. A. Stafleu Vochysiaceae
Fred A. Barkley Anacardiaceae
Clarence E. Kobuski ....Theaceae, in part
Lyman B. Smith and Bernice G. Schubert...* Begoniaceae
H. A. Cleason Me las torn ace ae
Mildred Mathias and Lincoln Constance Umbelliferae
Joseph Monachino.. Sapotaceae
Joseph Ewan ...........Centianaceae in part, and Vismia
Robert E. Woodson, Jr Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae in part
Richard W. Holm Asclepiadaceae in part
Ivan M. Johnston Borraginaceae
Carl Epling Labiatae
Francis W. Pennell Scrophulariaceae
N. Y. Sandwith Bignoniaceae
Emery C. Leonard Acanthaceae
Paul C. Standley Rubiaceae in part
Fred W. Meyer Valerianaceae
Rogers McVaugh Lobeliaceae, Campanulaceae
The present author is responsible for all other determinations out-
side the above families or genera, unless otherwise specified in
the report.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 681
Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum Com.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rock beach at Macuto at residence
of William Phelps, Jr., 59325.
Lyngbya aestuorii Gom.
SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above
valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62798.
Microcoleus acutissitnus Gardn.
BOLIVAR: upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata,
alt. 500 m., 57522.
Microcoleus paludosus Gom.
SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above
valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62 802 a.
Microcoleus sp.
CARABOBO: Las Trincheras, alt. 455 m., 55592. SUCRE: hot
springs near La Toma, between San Juan and Cumana, southeast of
Cumana, alt. 60 m., 6286 5J
Oscillatoria chalybea Gom.
SUCRE: hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and
Cumana', southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 62862.
Phormidium autumn ale Gom.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at
Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55113.
Phormidium incrustatum Gom. (?)
SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above
valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62803.
Phormidium tenue Gom.
CARABOBO: Las Trincheras, alt. 455 m., 55585, 55587, 55588a,
55590, 55591.
Phormidium Treleasei Gom.
SUCRE: hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and
Cumana, southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 62862.
O<7
By Francis A. Drouet
682 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Plectonema Nosctocorum Gom.
BOLIVAR: crest of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2255m., 60130. ANZOA-
TEGUI: Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin,
alt. 600-800 m., 67268.
Plectonenia purpureum Gom.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at
Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55120.
Plectonema terebrans Gom.
ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61284.
Porphyrosiphon Notarisii Gom.
SUCRE: along quebrada and hot springs at La Toma, between San
Juan and Cumana, southeast of Cum ana', alt. 40 m., 62856a.
Schizothrix calcicola Gom.
ANZOATEGUI: headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, between Cerro
San Jose and Cerro Peon/a, alt. 1500-1600 m., 61567.
Schizothrix Friesii Gom.
MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765
m., 62966. BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest^facing sand-
stone ledge, alt. 2100-2620 m., 58929a.
Schizothrix Lamyi Gom.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.
2285-3290 m., 55484.
Schizothrix mellea Gardn.
MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata', above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765
m., 62958, 62959.
Schizothrix roseola (Gardn.) Dr.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,
alt. 1675-1800 m., 58365. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima,
alt. 2740 m., 58805, 58822, 58869; crest of Sororopan-tepuf, alt.
2265 m., 60130. MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata', alt. 2200-2765 m.,
62958.
Schizothrix thelephoroides Gom.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Esmeralda Savanna, be-
tween Esmeralda and Esmeralda Ridge, near Orinoco River, alt.
150 m., 57758, 57759. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, alt.
2620-2740 m., 58820, 58869; Ptari-tepuf, alt. 2130 m., 59833.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 683
Schizothrix (?) sp.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: between Esmeralda Sa-
vanna and Sabana Grande, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt.
215 m., 58404.
Symploca thermalis Gom.
CARABOBO: Las Trincheras, alt. 455 m., 55588, 55588a.
SCYTONEMATACEAE
Scytonema figuratum Gom.
MONAGAS: open rocky limestone slopes, summit of Cerro de la
Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt.
1300 m., 61928.
Scytonema guyanense B. & F.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Esmeralda Savanna, be-
tween Esmeralda and Esmeralda Ridge, near Orinoco River, alt.
150 m., 57758, 57759; along Orinoco River, at mouth of Rib Sana-
riapo, below Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58426; vicinity of Sanariapo,
58496, 58509a. BOLIVAR: vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering
Rib Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60495.
Scytonema Hofmannii B. & F.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at
Los Venados, alt. 1555 m SSllOa. MERIDA: Quebrada de los
Salichales, tributary of Rib Canagua, southwest of Canagua', alt.
1950-2135 m., 56428a; along Rib Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa
Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56746.
Scytonema mellea Gardn.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Esmeralda Savanna, be-
tween Esmeralda and Esmeralda Ridge, near Orinoco River, alt.
150 m., 57758, 57759.
Scytonema ocellatum B. & F.
BOLIVAR: upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata,
alt. 500 m., 57522. ANZOATEGUI: Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leo'n,
northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 600-800 m., 61268; headwaters of Que-
brada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Berganti'n and Cerro Peo-
nia, alt. 1800-1850 m., 61550; same general locality, alt. 1500-1700
m., 61566. MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Gua'-
charo, alt. 950 m., 62293. SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to
Rio Manzanares, above valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt.
230-300 m., 62808.
684 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
STIGONEMATACEAE
Fischerella ambigua (B. & F.) Com.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: along Rio Sanariapo, Sana-
riapo, alt. 150 m., 58509. MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms.
northwest of Guicharo, alt. 950 m., 62292.
Fischerella thermalis (B. & F.) Gom.
BOLIVAR: crest of Sororopan-tepuT, alt. 2255 m., 60130.
Hapalosiphon laminosus B. & F.
CARABOBO: Las Trincheras, alt. 455 m., 55582, 55583, 55586,
55587, 55588, 55588a, 55589, 55590.
Hapalosiphon pumilus B. & F.
LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos,
west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55296. TERRITORIO FED-
ERAL AMAZONAS: Esmeralda Savanna, between Esmeralda and
Esmeralda Ridge, near Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57758; between
Esmeralda Savanna and Sabana Grande, at southeastern base of
Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 58404. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Ro-
raima, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58900; Ptari-tepuf, alt. 2130 m., 59834.?
Stigonema hormoides B. & F.
MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765
m., 62946.
Stigonema mamillosum B. & F.
BOLIVAR: south west* facing slopes at base of first line of sand-
stone bluffs, east of "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepui, alt. 2130 m., 59840.
Stigonema minutum B. & F.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: along Rio Sanariapo,
Sanariapo, alt. 150 m., 58509.
Stigonema ocellatum B. & F.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,
alt. 1675-1800 m., 58365. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima,
alt. 2700-2740 m., 58900, 589 1 7.
Stigonema panniforme B. & F.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.
2285-3290 m., 55484. TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: sum-
mit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1675-1800 m., 58385, 58386; vicinity of
Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100
m., 58496. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, alt. 2620-2740
m., 58805, 58820, and 58869. MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata, above
Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m., 62947, 62958, 62959, 62965.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 685
NOSTOCACEAE
Xostoc commune B. & F.
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-
west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62122.
Nostoc microscopicum B. & F.
ANZOATEGUI: headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose',
between Bergantih and Cerro Peonfa, alt. 1500-1700 m., 61550.
Nostoc verrucosum B. & F.
SUCRE: hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and Cumana',
southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 628 64.
CHROOCOCCACEAE
Anacystis marginata Menegh.
SUCRE: hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and Cu-
mana, southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 62858a, 62863.
Gloeocapsa alpicola (Lyngb.) Born.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at
Los Venados, 55120. TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: along
Rio Sanariapo, Sanariapo, 58509. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount
Roraima, alt. 2740 m., 58820; crest of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2255
m., 60130. ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near
base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantih, alt. 800-1000 m.,
61282; headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between
Bergantih and Cerro Peom'a, alt. 1500-1700 m., 61550, 61567.
MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt. 950
m., 62289, 62290.
Gloeocapsa turgida (Kiitz.) Hollerb.
ANZOATEGUI: along headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, between
Cerro San Jose' and Cerro Peonia, alt. 1500-1600 m., 61567. SUCRE:
hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and Cumana, southeast
of Cumana', alt. 60 m., 62858a.
Merismopedia tranquilla (Ehrenb.) Trevis.
BOLIVAR: along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs,
Ptari-tepuf, alt. 2410 m., 59871.
DESMIDIACEAE
Cosmarium sp.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rib
Manzanares and Rib de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62703.
686 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Cylindrocystis Brebissonii Menegh.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and western peaks,
on summit following sand stone- covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-
2500 m., 62668, 62669.
Cylindrocystis sp. (?)
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,
Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58236.
ZYGNEMATACEAE
Spirogyra sp.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summjt of Cerro Duida,
Savanna Hills, alt. 1025*1200 m., 58236. BOLIVAR: summit of
Mount Roraima, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58822; swamp on open level por-
tion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1600
m., 59654.
Zygnema sp.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Esmeralda Savanna, be-
tween Esmeralda and Esmeralda Ridge, near Orinoco River, alt.
150 m., 57758. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, alt. 2700-
2740 m., 58822.
Zygogonium ericetorum Ku'tz.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.
2285-3290 m., 55484.
Zygogonium sp.
MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-
2765 m., 62973.
OOCYSTACEAE
Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and western peaks,
on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-
2500 m., 62668.
CHAMAESIPHONACEAE
Chamaesiphon incrustans Grun.
BOLIVAR: along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepuf, west of
La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60774.
Entophysalis Cornuana Sauvag.
ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61284.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 687
TETRASPORACEAE
Gloeocystis confluens (Kutz.) Richt.
LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west
of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55296. TACHIRA: limestone out-
crops of Pa'ramo dp Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895
m., 57372. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, alt. 2620-2740
m., 58821, 58908; Ptari-tepui, on southwest-facing shoulder, in Bon-
netia roraimae forest, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59749. SUCRE: Cerro
Turumiquire, between eastern and western peaks, on summit follow-
ing sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62668,
62669- MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt.
2200-2765 m., 62959.
Urococcus Hookerianus Berk. & Hass.
MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.
950 m., 62287. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and
western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge
ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62667. MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata',
above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m., 62947.
ULVACEAE
Enterotnorpha sp.
ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61745.
Ulva sp.
ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61748. SUCRE:
shallow sea water of Gulf of Cariaco, east of Cumana", between
Penon and Quetepe, 62870a.
ULOTRICHACEAE
Ulothrix sp.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at
Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55117.
Stichococcus subtil is (Kutz.) Klerk.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at
Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55; 1 7, 55118.
CHAETOPHORACEAE
Stigeoclonium sp.
ANZOATEGUI: rocky slopes along Rib Querecual, southwest of
Bergantm, alt. 500 m., 67512.
688 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
TRENTEPOHLIACEAE
Physolinum monile (de Wildem. ) Printz.
BOLIVAJR: along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs,
Ptari-tepui', alt. 2410 m., 59886.
Trentepohlia aurea (L.) Martins
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colorado
and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62652.
Trentepohlia sp.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,
alt. 1800 m., 58386.
CLADOPHORACEAE 38
Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillw.) Ku'tz.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence
of William Phelps, Jr., 59320.
Chaetomorpha antennina (Bory) Kiitz.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence
of William Phelps, Jr., 59321a.
Cladophora sp.
ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61741.
CAULERPACEAE
Caulerpa sp.
ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61750.
CHORD ARIACEAE
Leathesia sp.
ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61740.
DICTYOTACEAE
Dictyopteris sp.
ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61743.
Pad in a sp.
ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61749.
38 By Harold Phinney
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 689
FUCACEAE
Sargassuni sp.
ARAGUA: sandy beach along seashore at El Palito, near Puerto
Cabello, 56895. SUCRE: shallow sea water of Gulf of Cariaco,
east of Cumana, between Penon and Quetepe, 62869.
HELMINTHOCLADIACEAE
Batrachospermum ambiguum Mont.^ 8a
SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above
valley of Cumanocoa, above Cuchivano, alt., 230-300 m., 62829.
Batrachospermum guyanense (Mont.) Kutz.
f f t f
BOLIVAR: along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of
La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60775.
Batrachospermum orthostichum Skuja.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,
on high moist ridge top, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58384.
Batrachospermum pulchrum Sirod.
f f
ANZOATEGUI: headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila
Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantm,
alt. 900-1400 m., 61737.
Batrachospermum vagum (Roth) Ag.
f f f f
BOLIVAR: Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-
tepuf, alt. 1615 m., 60270. 602J2.
Batrachospermum (chantransioid) sp.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: along Orinoco River, at
Raudal Santa Barbara, between Tamatama and San Fernando de Ata-
bapo, alt. 100 m., 58427.
GELIDIACEAE
Gelidium sp.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence
of William Phelps, Jr., 59323.
* Batrachospermum identified by H. Skuja
690 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
SPHAEROCOCCACEAE
Hypnea musciformis (Wulf. ) J. Ag.
f
ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61742.
GIGARTINACEAE
Gigartina sp.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence
of William Phelps, Jr., 59319.
CERAMIACEAE
Ceramium sp.
ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61 746. SUCRE:
shallow sea water of Gulf of Cariaco, east of Cumana, between
Penon and Quetepe, 62870. DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky
beach at Macuto at residence of William Phelps, Jr., 59321.
RHODOMELACEAE
Laurencia sp.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence
of William Phelps, Jr., 59324.
LICHENS 39
PYRENOPSIDACEAE
Jenmania Goebelii Wacht. (?)
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: terrestrial, blackish,
vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River,
alt. 100 m., 58459.
THELOTREMACEAE
Leptotrema monosporiuni (Nyl.) Mull. Arg.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: terrestrial, gray-whitish,
in dry places in Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1800
m., 58373.
39 By Carroll W. Dodge
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 691
DIPLOSCHISTACEAE
Diploschistes cinereocaesius (Sw.) Vainio.
MIRANDA: on ground on top of Pico de Naiguata, above Los
Chorros, alt. 2765 m., 62956.
COLLEMACEAE
Collema implicatum Nyl.
MIRANDA: among Chusquea Spenceri branches on top of Pico de
Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2765 m., 62949.
Leptogium azureum (Sw.) Mont.
MONAGAS: on herbs and suffruticose Lantana sp. and Croton
sp., olive green with mustard yellow border, rocky exposed knife
edge on south-facing slope, Cerro Gua'charo, above Guacharo Cave,
near Gua'charo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62340.
Leptogium coralloideum' (Mey. & Fw.) Vainio.
SUCRE: on stems of composite, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing
steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of
cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62588.
Leptogium Tuckermani Dodge (?) Juvenile.
MONAGAS: on tree, base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva
de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-
1200 m., 61909a.
Leptogium vesiculosum (Sw.) Malme var. digitatum (Eschw.) Dodge
MONAGAS: on trunks of shrubs, thallus dull blue green, fruiting
bodies dull green with dull orange at top in center, Cerro Negro,
above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500"
2180 m., 62055.
STICTACEAE
Lobaria corrosa (Nyl.) Mull. Arg.
BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus pale green above,
white below, Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying
sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59819.
Lobaria Fendleri (Tuck. & Mont.) Lindau
BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus pale green above,
silvery white below, Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes over-
lying sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m.,
59877.
692 FELDIANA: BOTANY. VOLUME 28
Sticta Weigelii Ach.
BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus dull gray green
above, dull brownish scurfy below, apochecia dull orange, Ptari-
tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just north-
east of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59878.
Stictina fuliginosa var. Wildenowii Nyl.
MIRANDA: on ground on top of Pico de Naiguata, above Los
Chorros, alt. 2765 m., 62948.
Pseudocyph ell aria aurata (Ach.) Vainio.
MONAGAS: rocky exposed knife edge on south-facing slope,
Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-
1620 m., 62340a.
PELTIGERACEAE
Peltigera dolichorhiza Nyl.
BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus blue- gray-green
above, whitish below with black rhizoids, apothecia dull orange,
Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just
northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59816.
CLADONIACEAE
Cladonia aggregata (Sw.) Ach.
BOLIVAR: common and dominant over dry level ground in open-
ings and in shrubby woodland, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sand-
stone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau-
portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59690. LARA:
on boulders in wet woods, wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los
Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55297. MIRANDA:
on ground on summit of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt.
2765 m., 62994.
Cladonia carassensis Vainio.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,
Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 582426.
Cladonia ceratophylla Meyer.
BOLIVAR: thallus orange, on open ledges around margin of pond,
summit of Mount Roraima, at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58909.
Cladonia didyma (Fee) Vainio.
SUCRE: apothecia red-vermilion, on ground, in valley between
base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of
Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neverf, along headwaters of Rio de
Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62728.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 693
Cladonia fallax des Abb.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: thallus white, on ground in
dry places in Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1675-
1800 m., 58372. BOLIVAR: thallus silvery-gray, on soil in swampy
ground, summit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of summit, alt.
2700-2740 m., 58871; Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone ex-
posures, on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau-portion of
southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 596906. SUCRE: thallus
gray-white, terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like por-
tion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of
southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62632. MONAGAS: thallus white,
terrestrial, on summit, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras,
northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62125.
Cladonia fallax forma thyrsifera des Abb.
BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepuf, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures
on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau-portion of southeast-
facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 596900.
Cladonia Gorgonina (Bory) Vainio var. turgidior (Nyl.) Vainio.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern
peak, alt. 2500 m., 625696.
Cladonia medusina (Bory) Nyl.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,
Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58242c.
Cladonia miniata Meyer.
BOLIVAR: fruiting body orange, on moist shaded face of bluff,
Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt.
2410 m., 59884.
Cladonia mitis Sandst.
BOLIVAR: thallus white, apothecia brown, terrestrial, Ptari-
tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground
adjacent to swamp on plateau-portion of southeast- facing slopes,
alt. 1600 m., 59691.
Cladonia sphacelata Vainio.
BOLIVAR: dry cliff face, Ptari-tepui, along base of east-facing
high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59956; on dry boulder,
Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt.
2410 m., 599586.
Cladonia verticillaris (Raddi) Fr.
SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit
of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62610.
694 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
PARMELIACEAE
Parmelia hypotropa Nyl. var. imperlalis Hue.
BOLIVAR: thallus silvery green above, black below, on face of
bluff, Ptari-tepui', along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs,
alt. 2410-2450 m., 59952.
USNEACEAE
Oropogon loxensis (Fe'e) Th. Fr. var. atroalbicans (Nyl.) Du Rietz.
SUCRE: on walls of boulder on summit, Cerro Turumi quire, be-
tween headwaters of Rio Colorado and summit of southern peak,
alt. 2200-2400 m., 62652a.
Ramalina Usnea (L.) Howe.
MONAGAS: epiphyte pendent on tree, deep forest along Rib
Amana, in valley just east of La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil
Company Camp, 6 kms. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 165 m., 61 771.
Alectoria ecuadorensis (Zahlbr.) Gyelnik.
MERIDA: black, terrestrial, near upper limit of paramo, around
small lake, between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila,
alt. 3930 m., 559J8.
Siphula fastigiata Nyl.
BOLIVAR: thallus whitish, stiff, common in little clumps all
over exposed rocks near Great Central Rift, summit of Mount Ro-
raima, on southern half of summit, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58880; same
locality, terrestrial on wooded slopes among rifts of headwaters of
Great Central Rift, 58892.
Usnea amabilis Mot.
ANZOATEGUI: thallus silvery, pendent on branches, cloud forest
on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above
Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt.
2350 m., 61693.
Usnea duriuscula Mot.
ANZOATEGUI: pendent from trees and tree trunk, steep forested
slopes between Cerro San Jose, along headwaters of Quebrada La
Tigra, and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1600 m.,
61561.
Usnea laevigata Vainio.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes,
from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2350-2500 m.,
62604.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 695
Usnea laevis (Eschw.) Nyl.
BOLIVAR: on rock bordering swamp, Ptari-tepui, Brocchinia-
Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on southwest-facing shoulder, alt.
2200 m., 59788.
Usnea subcomosa Vainio.
ANZOATEGUI: pendent from trees and tree trunk, steep forested
slopes between Cerro San Jose, along headwaters of Quebrada La
Tigra, and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1600 m.,
Usnea subplicata (Vainio.) Mot.
BOLIVAR: pendent from bluffs or trees on slopes of morros, sum-
mit of Mount Roraima, on northwest portion north and northwest of
Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58843.
Usnea transitoria Mot.
ANZOATEGUI: common pendent lichen on ridge top, cloud forest
of Fila Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose,
between Bergantin and Cerro Peoma (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt.
1800-1850 m., 67546.
THELOSCHISTACEAE
Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norm.
SUCRE: thallus tawny-orange, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing
slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000
m., 62490; thallus golden, on tree branches, valley between base of
Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turu-
miquire) and Cerro de Neverf, along headwaters of Rib de Amana,
alt. 2000 m., 62720.
PHYSCIACEAE
Anaptychia leucomelaena (L.) Vainio.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumi quire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern
peak, alt. 2500m., 62678.
MUSCI 40
SPHAGNACEAE
Sphagnum magellanicum Brid.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, between Los Venados
and Pico Oriental, alt. 1675-2640 m., 55633 in part. MERIDA:
^By E. B. Bartram
696 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Laguna Mucubaji, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625*3655 ni., 57493.
ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonfa,
above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin,
alt. 2000-2300 m., 61698. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing
slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocol-
lar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62523a.
Distribution: wide in North and South America, Europe, Asia.
Sphagnum alegrense Warnst.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, between Los Venados
and Pico Oriental, alt. 1675-2640 m., 55633 in part.
Distribution: Brazil.
This interesting South American endemic has been the subject of
comment by Andrews (Bryol. 44: 158. 1941 and Bryol. 50: 186.
1947). Previously the species was known only from Brazil, but the
above collection along with those recorded from Ptari-tepui and
Cerro Duida indicate that its occurrence in Venezuela is by no
means sporadic.
Sphagnum recurvum Beauv.
LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos,
west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55282.
Distribution: Labrador southward to Florida, Colorado, Washing-
ton to Alaska, South America, Europe, Asia.
Sphagnum gracilescens Hpe.
MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt.
2200-2765 m., 62972.
Distribution: Brazil.
Previously known only from eastern and southeastern Brazil. The
presence of this species along with S. alegrense and S. oxyphyllum
suggests a significant bond between the Venezuelan and Brazilian
floras.
Sphagnum subsecundum Nees.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-
facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt.
2255-2620 m., 58744; dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering
savanna between base of Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1220
m., 60728. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters
of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62702;
valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of
southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neven', along
headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62749.
Distribution: cosmopolitan.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 697
Sphagnum meridense (Hpe.) C. M.
ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed
shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peom'a,
above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergan-
"tin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 67594.
Distribution: Florida, West Indies, Central and South America.
Sphagnum oxyphyllum Warnst.
TACHIRA: swampy meadow in Paramito between Quebrada de
Palmar arjd Quebrada de Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, 2
kms. above ^Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m.,
57200. BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, at base of and on main south-facing
high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59605.
Distribution: Brazil, Peru, Venezuela.
In a recent paper (Bryol. 50: 185. 1947) Andrews mentions a col-
lection of this species from Mount Duida. These later collections
indicate a more general distribution in the Venezuelan area.
ANDREAEACEAE
Andreaea rupestris Hedw.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.
2285-3290 m., 55490.
Distribution: southern South America, Guatemala, Mexico, Ala-
bama to Greenland in the mountains.
This appears to be the first record of this typically alpine species
in northern South America, thus forging another link in the line of
distribution between the Antarctic and the Arctic regions.
FISSIDENTACEAE
Fissidens repandus Wils.
SUCRE: along Rib Guagua, tributary to Rib Manzanares, above
valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62802.
Distribution: Florida, Mexico, Guatemala, West Indies, Mt. Chim-
borazo.
Fissidens muriculatus Spr.
MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.
950 m., 62288.
Distribution: Guatemala, West Indies, Brazil.
698 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Fissidens polypodioides Hedw.
ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peoni'a, above "Carmelita," between Rio
Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m.,
Distribution: southeastern United States, Mexico, West Indies,
Central and South America.
DICRANACEAE
Dicranella tovariensis (C. M.) Jaeg.
BOLIVAR: Ptan-tepui, along base of east^facing high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59918a.
Endemic.
I have seen no authentic material of this species, but the above
plants agree with the original description except that the setae are
pale yellow. The peristome teeth are coarsely scabrous and ob-
liquely striolate below, thus departing widely not only from D. Perro-
tettii, but from any other species of Dicranella I am familiar with.
Dicranella sp.
MERIDA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita,
alt. 2745-3045 m., 57098.
Sterile, not determinable.
Campy lop us Chrism ari (C. M.) Mitt.
MERIDA: near upper limit of paramo, around small lake, between
Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m, 55919;
Laguna Mucubaji, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-3655 m. t 57503.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285*
3290 m., 55452, 55453. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing
steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of
cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62601a, 62602a. MIRANDA: ascent of
Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m., 62969.
Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica.
Although not recorded before from South America, these collections
meet all the requirements of C. Chris mar i. The wide border of
elongated cells at the leaf base, the entire, tubulose, setaceous leaf
points toothed only at the extreme apex, and the entire calyptrae
point conclusively to this species and no other.
Campy lop us flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid.
BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59877, 59885; base of east-facing sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59918. LARA: moist cloud forest on
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 699
south- and south west- facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposen-
tos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530-2575 m., 55229; between Bueno^s
Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55484. ANZOA-
TEGUI: among shrubby dwarfed growth along knife-edge crest of
ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peonia, above Santa Cruz, headwaters
of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61644.
Distribution: southern United States, Mexico, Central America,
Europe.
The aKove collections are all referable to C. flexuosus in a
broad sense. The relatively thick-walled, rectangular cells of the
leaf base, larger toward the costa and gradually narrower toward the
margins will define the species in spite of the variations in size
and structure.
Campylopus Jameson! (Hook.) Jaeg.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-
facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-
2620 m., 58752. ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of
Cerro Peonia, above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,
east of Berganti'n, alt. 2350 m., 61688b. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro,
above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180
m., 62111.
Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia.
The more numerous, smaller and more deeply colored alar cells
will separate this species from C. concolor, which, although a fre-
quent species in Venezuela, does not appear in Steyermark's col-
lections.
Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumi quire, moist savanna-like portion of broad
ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak,
alt. -2200 m., 62662.
Distribution: cosmopolitan.
Campylopus Richard! Brid.
BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of the
summit, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58884. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire,
north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone
to summit of cerro, alt.^ 2360-2500 m., 62607, 626046. TACHIRA:
limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian-Venezuelan
boundary, alt. 3045*3475 m., 57365, 57383, 57416. MIRANDA:
ascent of Pico de Naiguata' above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m.,
62954, 62959, 62996, 62997.
Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, West Indies, South
America.
700 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
This seems to be a characteristic species of exposed crests at
the highest altitudes. The plants grow in extensive blackish mats
and seem to be partial to calcareous outcrops.
Pilopogon gracilis (Hook.) Brid.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad
ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak,
alt. 2200 m., 62660. MERIDA: dry rocky gneissic-granitic slopes,
between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55728*
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
Atractylocarpus longisetus (Hook.) Bartr.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, in valley between base of Cerro de
Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire)
and Cerro de Never!, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000
m., 62726.
Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, northern South
America.
Dicranodontium denudatum (Brid.) E. G. Britt.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge,
alt. 2100-2620 m., 589246, 58930a. MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de
Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m., 62968.
Distribution: Alaska, eastern United States, Mexico, Guatemala,
Europe.
This species has not been recorded before from South America.
Rhabdoweisia fugax (Hedw.) Bry. Eur. var. tenerrima Bartr.
MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt.
2200-2765 m., 62952a.
Distribution: Guatemala.
These plants consist of a small colony growing with Pohlia spec-
tabilis. In size and texture the plants are in every way similar to
those from Guatemala, but I have not had an opportunity to compare
them with any South American collections of R. fugax.
LEUCOBRYACEAE
Ochrobryum Gardnerianum (C. M.) Mitt.
BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp
on south west- facing shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59774.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Brazil.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 701
This collection lacks fruit, but the leucocysts in two layers
throughout the leaf indicate that it belongs here rather than in
Leucobryum.
Octoblepharum Mittenii Jaeg.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Cerro Duida, southeastern-
facing sandstone bluffs near Canb Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),
alt. 1095-1520 m., 58007a.
Distribution: British Honduras, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil.
Carinafolium Tatei Williams
BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui', along base of south-facing high sand-
stone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 598 94a.
Endemic.
The rediscovery of this highly interesting endemic is noteworthy.
While the well developed dorsal keel of the leaves is a unique char-
acter, the plants in other respects closely resemble Octoblepharum
in appearance and structure. Unless the sporophyte proves to be
sharply distinctive, I imagine the species will eventually have to be
included in Octoblepharum.
Leucobryum giganteum C. M.
MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de los Salichales, tributary
of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 nu, 56421-
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on south west- facing sandstone ledge,
alt. 2100-2620 m., 58924.
Distribution: Costa Rica, West Indies, northern South America.
Leucobryum albicans (Schwaegr. ) Lindb.
BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepuf, lower south-facing slopes, between Rio
Karuai and first ridge above Rio Kaniai, alt. 1220 m., 60666.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Cuba, northern South America, Brazil.
This collection is in fine fniit and shows the unique annulate cap-
sules to good advantage.
Leucobryum antillarum Schp.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumi quire, between eastern and western peaks,
on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-
2500 m., 62670.
Distribution: Florida, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
Leucobryum Polakowskyi (C. M.) Card.
BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, along base of east-facing high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59958.
702 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Jamaica.
Not recorded before from South America.
Leucobryum crisp urn C. M.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Cerro Duida, southeastern-
facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),
alt. 1095-1520 m., 58007. BOLl'vAR: Ptari-tepui, lower south-
facing slopes, between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai,
alt. 1220 m., 60676.
Distribution:. Cuba, Guadeloupe, northern South America.
Leucobryum Marti an urn (Homsch.) Hpe.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: between Esmeralda Sa-
vanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57845;
between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at southeast-
ern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57895; Cerro Duida, forest at
base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano
Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58082; summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1675-1800
m., 58380.
Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, West Indies, northern South
America.
A typical lowland species, no. 58380 from the summit of Cerro
Duida is an attractive color variant with the leaves purple in the
lower half and yellow above, but differs in no structural particulars
from the specific concept,
CALYMPERACEAE
Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr.
BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, along base of south- facing high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59879. LARA: slopes of mountain between
Santo Domingo and Los Quebraditos, south of Las Sabanetas, above
Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2430-2745 m., 55395, 55396a. MERIDA: be-
tween Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and Rib Capaz, alt.
975 m., 56144; slopes bordering and tributary to Rib Canagua', south-
west of Canagua, alt. 1950-1980 m., 56403.
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
A widely distributed, plastic species in tropical America that pre-
sents many vexing taxonomic problems.
Syrrhopodon Gaudichaudii Mont.
LARA: slopes of mountain between Santo Domingo and Los Que-
braditos, south of Las Sabanetas, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2430-
2745 nu, 55383a. BOLIVAR: forested sandstone south-facing slopes
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 703
between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepui^ alt. 1700-
1800 m., 59694. MONAGAS: El Paramo, northeast of Las Delicias,
northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62007.
Distribution: West Indies, Costa Rica, northern South America,
Galapagos Islands.
Syrrhopodon Leprieurii Mont.
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZON AS: Cerro Duida, southeastern-
facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),
alt. 1095-1520 m., 58007a. Det. by Dr. Wm. C. Steere.
Distribution: Guiana.
Syrrhopodon lycopodioides (S.W.) C.M.
LARA: moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes
at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt.
2530-2575 m., 55264.
Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, West Indies, northern and
western South America to Bolivia.
POTTIACEAE
Gymnostomum calcareum Bry. Germ.
SUCRE: along Rib Guagua, southwest of Cumanacoa, between
Granja Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria and Cueva El
Pamatal, southwest of Cuchivano, alt. 230 m., 62795.
Distribution: Newfoundland to California south to West Virginia
and Arizona, Europe, Asia, Africa.
A sterile collection, but apparently referable here through the
size, habit, and leaf structure.
Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix.
MONAGAS: open rocky limestone slopes, summit of Cerro de la
Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt.
1300 m., 61928; Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.
950 m., 62293. ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary,
near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantm, alt. 800-1000
m., 61280; cloud forest of Fila Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La
Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Berganti'n and Cerro Peonfa (Cerro
Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m., 61550; steep forested slopes be-
tween Cerro San Jose and Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt.
1500-1600 m., 67566.
Distribution: Labrador to Alaska south to South Carolina and Cali-
fornia, Guatemala, West Indies.
704 F ELD I AN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Leptodontium filescens (Hpe.) Mitt.
MERIDA: Laguna Mucubaji, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-
3655 m., 57504. MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata, above Los
Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m., 62955.
Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia.
Leptodontium subgracile Ren. & Card.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.
2285-3290 m., 55492.
Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Peru,
Bolivia.
Hyophila tortula (Schwaegr.) Hpe.
MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of
mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt.
850-1350 m., 61945. SUCRE: along quebrada and hot springs at La
Toma, Municipio San Juan, southeast of Cumana, between San Juan
and Cumana, alt. 40 m., 62856. ANZOATEGUI: along Rib Zumbador
and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin,
alt. 800-1000 m., 67286.
Distribution: eastern United States, Arizona, Mexico, West Indies,
Central America, Brazil.
Tortula andicola Mont.
MERIDA: near upper limit of paramo, around small lake, between
Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55917.
Distribution: Mexico, Colombia, Bolivia.
GRIMMIACEAE
Rhacomitrium crispilum (H. f. & W.) H. f. & W.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern
peak, alt. 2500 m., 62622. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Para-
mo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55491.
Distribution: Central America to Fuegia, Africa, New Zealand,
New Guinea, Malaysia, Hawaii.
A characteristic species of exposed rocks at high altitudes along
the Cordillera and widely distributed in Austral regions.
FUNARIACEAE
Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. var. calvescens (Schwaegr.) Bry. Eur.
BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of the sum-
mit between Summit Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 705
pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58881.
Distribution: cosmopolitan.
BRYACEAE
Pohlia spectabilis (C. M.) Broth.
MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata', above Los Chorros, alt.
2200-2765 m., 62952, 62970, 62977o.
Distribution: Mexico, Central America, Colombia.
Anomobryum clavicaule (C. M.) Broth.
ME RID A: paramo along upper headwaters of Rib Tormero, below
El Aguila and above Chachopo, alt. 3650-3965 m., 55672.
Distribution: Colombia.
The above determination is based on the original description and
hence only tentative.
Bryum argenteum Hedw.
ME RID A: near upper limit of paramo, around small lake, between
Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55913.
Distribution: cosmopolitan.
Bryum cap ill are Hedw.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.
2285-3290 m., 55468.
Distribution: cosmopolitan.
Rhodobryum Beyrichianum (Hornsch.) Par.
MONAGAS: rocky limestone north-facing steep forested slopes of
Cerro Guacharo, above limestone bluffs above La Laguna, between
Guacharo Cave and San Agustin, alt. 1100-1300 m., 62019.
Distribution: Mexico, Central America, South America.
Rhodobryum grandi folium (Tayl.) Par.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colorado
and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62645a. DISTRITO
FEDERAL: Cordillera de la Costa, seaward-facing north slopes, El
Junquito, alt. 1830-2130 m., 56972. BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on
southwest-facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100-2620 m., 58927.
Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia.
708 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
These collections, together with the record from Mount Duida by
Williams (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 503. 1931), indicate a general
distribution of this unique species on the higher peaks of southern
Venezuela.
RHACOPILACEAE
Rhacopilum tomentosum (Hedw.) Brid.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at
Los Venados, alt. 1444 m., 55111. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep
slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares
(Rio de la Cuesta), along highway between Cumanacoa and Cocollar,
alt. 780-810 m., 62399.
Distribution: wide in the Western Hemisphere from Florida through
the West Indies and Central America to South America.
HEDWIGIACEAE
Rhacocarpus cuspidatulus (C. M.) Par.
BOLfvAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of the sum-
mit between Summit Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and
pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 589 15a, 58917a; Ptari-tepui,
steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on
south-facing part, west of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59839.
MERIDA: near upper limit of pa'ramo, around small lake, between
Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m.,559J8a.
Distribution: Brazil.
These are noteworthy collections of a species previously known
only from eastern Brazil. The lax, relatively thin-walled alar cells
are sharply distinctive as compared with R. Humboldtii.
Rhacocarpus Humboldtii (Hook.) Lindb.
BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on northwest portion north
and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58857; summit of
Mount Roraima, on southern half, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58893.
Distribution: wide at high altitudes in Mexico, Costa Rica, West
Indies, South America.
PRIONODONTACEAE
Prionodon densus (Hedw.) C. M.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad
in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,
625446, 62547, 62549o. LARA: between Buenos Aires to Canyon of
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 709
El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55523. AN-
ZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonfa (Cerro
Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales,
east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61686a.
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
Prionodon lycopodiuni (C. M.) Jaeg.
BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59888. MERIDA: dry rocky gneis sic-granitic
slopes, between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55716;
rich moist woods, Los Quebraditos, above Jaji, alt. 2590 m., 55985.
ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peojii'a
(Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manan-
tiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61685.
Distribution: Colombia.
These collections are more robust than P. densus with longer
ciliate-like teeth along the leaf margins, but until the numerous
species have been carefully resolved, it is impossible to apply
names with any satisfaction.
PTEROBRYACEAE
Orthostichidium excavatum (Mitt.) Broth.
MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Gua'charo, alt.
950 m., 62311a.
Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil.
If this species and O. pentagonum (Hpe. & Lor.) C. M. are, as I
suspect, synonymous, the range would include Central America and
Mexico.
Orthostichopsis tetragona (Hedw.) Broth.
ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence
of Rio Leo'n with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 400-500
m., 67229.
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
METEORIACEAE
Squamidium nigricans (Hook.) Broth.
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-
west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62080, 62082b, 62125a.
708 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
These collections, together with the record from Mount Duida by
Williams (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 503. 1931), indicate a general
distribution of this unique species on the higher peaks of southern
Venezuela.
RHACOPILACEAE
Rhacopilum tomentosum (Hedw.) Brid.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at
Los Venados, alt. 1444 m., 55111. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep
slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares
CRio de la Cuesta), along highway between Cumanacoa and Cocollar,
alt. 780-810 m., 62399.
Distribution: wide in the Western Hemisphere from Florida through
the West Indies and Central America to South America.
HEDWIGIACEAE
Rhacocarpus cuspidatulus (C. M.) Par.
BOLfvAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of the sum-
mit between Summit Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and
pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 589 15a, 589 17a; Ptari-tepuf,
steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on
south-facing part, west of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59839.
MERIDA: near upper limit of pa'ramo, around small lake, between
Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m.,55978o.
Distribution: Brazil.
These are noteworthy collections of a species previously known
only from eastern Brazil. The lax, relatively thin-walled alar cells
are sharply distinctive as compared with R. Humbjldtii.
Rhacocarpus Humboldtii (Hook.) Lindb.
BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on northwest portion north
and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58857; summit of
Mount Roraima, on southern half, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58893.
Distribution: wide at high altitudes in Mexico, Costa Rica, West
Indies, South America.
PRIONODONTACEAE
Prionodon densus (Hedw.) C. M.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad
in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2 100-2200 m.,
62544b, 62547, 62549a. LARA: between Buenos Aires to Canyon of
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 709
El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55523. AN-
ZO ATE GUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonfa (Cerro
Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales,
east of Bergantfn, alt. 2350 m., 61686a.
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
Prionodon lycopodium (C. M.) Jaeg.
BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59888. MERIDA: dry rocky gneis sic-granitic
slopes, between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55716;
rich moist woods, Los Quebraditos, above Jaji, alt. 2590 m., 55985.
ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia
(Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manan-
tiales, east of Berganti'n, alt. 2350 m., 61685.
Distribution: Colombia.
These collections are more robust than P. densus with longer
ciliate-like teeth along the leaf margins, but until the numerous
species have been carefully resolved, it is impossible to apply
names with any satisfaction.
PTEROBRYACEAE
Orthostichidium excavatum (Mitt.) Broth.
MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Gua'charo, alt.
950 m., 62311a.
Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil.
If this species and O. pentagonum (Hpe. & Lor.) C. M. are, as I
suspect, synonymous, the range would include Central America and
Mexico.
Orthostichopsis tetragona (Hedw.) Broth.
ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence
of Rio Leo'n with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 400-500
m., 67229.
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
METEORIACEAE
Squamidium nigricans (Hook.) Broth.
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-
west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62080, 620826, 62125a.
710 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
TACHIRA: rich steep wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bra-
mon and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57465. MERIDA: woods
above Las Quadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt.
1820-2255 m., 55799.
Distribution: wide in Mexico, Central America, West Indies, South
America.
Squamidium leucotrichum (Tayl.) Broth.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera de la Costa, seaward-facing
north slopes, El Junquito, alt. 1830-2130 m., 56969. SUCRE:
Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from be-
ginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62594.
Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, West Indies, South America.
Pilotrichella viridis (C. M.) Jaeg.
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rib Leon of Quebrada
Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m.,
61131.
Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia.
Pilotrichella flexilis (Hedw.) Jaeg.
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-
west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 621 lib.
Distribution: wide and frequent in Mexico, West Indies, Central
America, South America.
Papillaria nigrescens (Hedw.) Jaeg.
MONAGAS: edge of cafetal, below limestone bluffs, Cerro de la
Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt.
1000 m., 61882; Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Gua'charo, alt.
950 m., 62312. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon
of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt.
500-600 m., 61127.
Distribution: wide and frequent throughout the North American
tropics.
Meteoriopsis remotifolia (Hornsch.) Broth.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, southwest-facing forested slopes- be-
tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255
m., 5897 lb. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sand-
stone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt.
2360-2500 m., 62585d.
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 711
Meteoriopsis patula (Hedw.) Broth.
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon of Quebrada
Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m.,
61129.
Distribution: Florida, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
PHYLLOGONIACEAE
Eucatagonium politutn (H. f. & W.) Broth.
MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata', above Los Chorros, alt.
2200-2765 m., 62967, 62978. MERIDA: near upper limit of paramo,
around small lake, between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El
Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55975, 55976.
Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, South America, Australia,
Tasmania, New Zealand.
NECKERACEAE
Neckera jamesoni Tayl.
MERIDA: dry rocky gneissic-granitic slopes, between Timotes
and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 557 17a.
Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Chile.
This is one of a group of closely related species ranging from
Mexico through Central America and western South America to Chile
that needs careful revision.
Porotrichum plicatulum Mitt.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini-
dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,
62546o. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon of
Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt.
500-600 m., 61138; along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61289a.
Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Trinidad, and probably
Brazil.
Porotrichum fasciculatum (Sw.) Mitt.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, south west- facing forested slopes be-
tween Rondo'n Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 ro
589 69d. MERIDA: Montana de San Jacinto, on north side of Rio
Chama, opposite Me'rida, alt. 2195-2375 m., 56682. SUCRE: Cerro
Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colorado and summit of
southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62638 b.
712 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Distribution: West Indies, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia,
Brazil.
LEMBOPHYLLACEAE
Rigodium gracile Ren. & Card.
TRUJILLO: La Quebrada Cortijo, in dense woods below pa'ramo
and ridge top, by boundary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humocaro Bajo,
alt. 2600-2800 m., 55328.
Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica.
HOOKERIACEAE
Adelothecium bogotense (Hpe.) Mitt.
LARA: moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes
at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530-
2375 m., 55253.
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, northern South
America.
Cyclodictyon capillatum (Mitt.) Broth.
ME RID A: slopes bordering and tributary to Rio Canagua, south-
west of Canagua, alt. 1950-1980 m., 56404.
Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
Cyclodictyon albicans (Hedw.) Broth.
ANZOA'TEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61285.
Distribution: Mexico, Central America, West Indies, Trinidad,
Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia.
Callicn stella aspera Mitt.
BOLIVAR: wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa
Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rib Mouak),
alt. 1065-1220 m., 60418.
Distribution: Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador.
Hookeriopsis falcata (Hook.) Jaeg.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-
facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt.
2255-2620 m., 58747. DlSTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila,
between Los Venados and Pico Oriental, alt. 1675-2640 m., 55631a.
Distribution: Guadeloupe, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador, Bolivia.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 713
Hookeriopsis crispa (C. M.) Jaeg.
/
BOLIVAR^: Mount Roraima, southwest-facing forested slopes be-
tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m.
58977.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia,
Brazil.
Hookeriopsis incurva (Hook. & Grev.) Broth.
BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepm, lower south-facing slopes, between Rib
Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60680.
Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, West Indies, South
America.
Lepidopilum Mulleri (Hpe.) Mitt.
BOLIVAR: Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60092.
Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador.
Hypnella pilifera (Hook. & Wils.) Jaeg.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-
facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-
2620 m., 58737a; same locality, 58924c, 589306.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil.
Neohypnella chrysophyllopodia (C. M.) Bartr.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge,
alt. -2 100- 2620 m., 58926.
Distribution: Trinidad, British Guiana, Venezuela.
This species was recorded from Mount Duida by Williams (Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club 58: 503. 1931) as Hypnella pilotrichelloides Broth.
These species are discussed in the "Costa Rican Mosses" (Con-
trib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 26, no. 3: 104-105. 1928).
LEUCOMIACEAE
L.eucomium attenuatum Mitt.
MONAGAS: El Pa'ramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of
Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62037.
Distribution: St. Vincent.
HYPOPTERYGIACEAE
Hypopterygium flavescens Hpe.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above' La Trini-
dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,
714 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
62546. BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, south west- facing forested slopes
between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255
m., 58954. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above
Caracas, on south-facing dryish slopes just west of Los Flores, alt.
1675 m., 55131.
Distribution: Venezuela, Brazil, Peru.
The distinctions between this species and the widespread H. tama-
riscinum (Hedw.) Brid. are by no means clear. I have little doubt
but that eventually H. flavescens will be reduced to synonymy.
LESKEACEAE
Rauia subcatenulata (Schp.) Broth.
MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.
950 m., 62310.
Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica.
Thuidium pauperum (C. M.) Mitt.
ANZOATEGUI: headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila
Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin,
alt. 900-1400 m., 61717.
Endemic.
Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Mitt.
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-
west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62087. ANZOATEGUh forested
slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tributary of Rio Neveri, between
"Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000
m., 61440; cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro
Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,
east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61683. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire,
between headwaters of Rib Colorado and summit of southern peak,
alt. 2200-2400 m., 62645a. MERIDA: dry rocky gneis sic-granitic
slopes, between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285*3500 m., 55717,
5 5 73 la.
Distribution: Canada, United States, Mexico, West Indies, Cen-
tral America, South America.
Thuidium acuminatum Mitt.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, southwest- facing forested slopes be-
tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255
m., 58970a. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sand-
stone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt.
2360-2500 m., 6258Sa. f ANZO/TEGUI: cloud forest on wooded
summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,
headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m.,
67679.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 715
Distribution: Jamaica, Dutch Guiana.
In this species the long acuminate stem leaves are not always
correlated with the branch leaves showing low, erect papillae. It
is not as distinct from T. delicatulum as one might imagine from
the description. As in so many species of the Section Euthuidium,
the diagnostic characters are neither sharp or constant.
AMBLYSTEGIACEAE
Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Wamst.
MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de los Salichales, tributary
of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56414.
Distribution: wide in Canada, United States, Guatemala, Europe,
Asia, Africa.
BRACHYTHECIACEAE
Pleuropus Bonplandii (Hook.) Broth.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini-
dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,
62555.
Distribution: Texas, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) Bry. Ear.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, forest along stream at base of Cerro
de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire),
alt. 2000-2100 m., 62740.
Distribution: Canada, United States, Guatemala, almost cosmo-
politan.
Eurhynchium clinocarpum (Tayl.) Par.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini-
dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,
62545.
Distribution: Guiana, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil.
Eurhynchium riparioides (Hedw.) Richards
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, forest along stream at base of Cerro
de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire),
alt. 2000-2100 m., 62747. ANZOATEGUI: along Rio^Maravilla, be-
tween Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantih, alt. 900 m.,
61708. LARA: between Buenos Aires to Canyon of El Callado,
above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55454.
716 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Distribution: wide from Canada and United States through Mexico,
Central America, West Indies and South America, also Europe, Asia,
Africa.
ENTODONTACEAE
Erythrodontium squarrosum (C. M.) Par.
MONAGAS: Gua'charo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.
950 m., 62308.
Distribution: Mexico, Central America, South America.
Entodon Hampeanus C. M.
MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.
950 m., 62307, 6231 la. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila,
above Caracas, at Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55110.
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
SEMATOPHYLLACEAE
S em atop h> Hum sub simplex (Hedw.) Mitt.
AN ZO ATE GUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu-
tary of Rio Never!, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast
of Bergantm, alt. 900-1000 m., 61439.
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
Sematophyllum decumbens (Wils.) Mitt.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini-
dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,
62566. TRUJILLO: La Quebrada Cortijo, in dense woods below
paramo and ridge top, by boundary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humo-
caro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m., 55330.
Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil.
Sematophyllum flaccidifolium C. M. (?)
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-
facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-
2620 m., 58745.
Distribution: Trinidad.
Sematophyllum caespitosum (Hedw.) Mitt.
BOLIVAR: along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepuf, west of
La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60774. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera
del Avila, above Caracas, at Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55108.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 717
TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Cerro Duida, forest at base
of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),
alt. '260 m., 58062.
Distribution: Florida, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
Sematophyllum cuspififerum Mitt.
BOLIVAR: wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between
Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rib
Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60419.
Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Ecuador.
HYPNACEAE
Hypnum amabile (Mitt.) Broth.
ME RID A: dry rocky gneis sic-granitic slopes, between Timotes
and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55731.
Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia.
Mittenothamnium reptans (Hedw.) Card.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge,
alt. '2100-2620 m., 58925. MERIDA: between Hacienda Agua Blanca
above La Azulita and Rio Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56147.
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America.
Mittenothamnium Lehmannii (Besch.) Card.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge,
alt. 2100-2620 m., 58924d.
Puiggariella aurifolia (Mitt.) Broth.
BOLIVAR: lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio
Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 nu,
60581.
Distribution: Guatemala, Brazil.
Ctenidium malacodes Mitt.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini-
dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,
62556.
Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Colombia,
Ecuador, Pern.
718 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
DIPHYSCIACEAE
Diphyscium Fendleri C. M.
MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de los Salichales, tributary
of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56439.
Endemic.
POLYTRICHACEAE
Pogonatum semipellucidum (Hpe.) Mitt.
MERIDA: rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing
slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de los Torritos, tribu-
tary to Rib Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 6 kms. southwest of
Canagua', alt. 1925-2075 m., 56387.
Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador.
Pogonatum purpurascens (Hpe.) Mitt.
MERIDA: rich wooded slopes along quebrada of Cuesta del Barro
and Mesa del Trapiche, tributary to Rio Capuri, between Canagua' and
El Molino, alt. 2530-2715 m., 56492.
Distribution: Costa Rica, Colombia.
The plants here are unusually small, but show the structural char-
acteristics attributed to this species.
Polytrichum commune Hedw.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-
facing slopes, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58642.
Distribution: almost cosmopolitan, but not recorded before be-
tween southern United States and Brazil.
Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw.
BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-
facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255*
2620 m., 58752o. TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of
Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58242o. SUCRE:
Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and
zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62498. MONAGAS: Cerro
Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt.
1500-2180 m., 62114.
Distribution: wide throughout North and South America, Europe,
Asia, Africa, Oceanica, in the tropics only at high altitudes.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 719
PTERIDOPHYTA 41
DUIDA
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
LOWLAND SPECIES
Trichomanes Hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Kunze.
Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida
alt. '200 m., 57792a.
Trichomanes pilosum Raddi.
Swampy woods, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base
of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57833; terrestrial on banks, fronds erect,
forest at base of southeastern slopes, alt. 260 m., 58073.
Trichomanes Spruceanum Hook.
Terrestrial, in clumps in swampy woods, between Esmeralda Sa-
vanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57823.
Agrees very well with the original illustration of the type (from San
Gabriel on the Rio Negro). The species is otherwise represented
in the National Herbarium from Isla de Rato'n, Amazonas, Venezuela
.(L. Williams 13233) and Esmeralda (L. Williams 16174). The other
specimens collected by Williams which have been identified as T.
Spruceanum (nos. 13911, 14278, and 14434) are T. heterophyllum
Humb. & Bonpl.
Trichomanes Trollii Bergdolt.
Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of
Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57941.
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Hymenophyllum Fendlerianum Sturm.
Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58196.
This is the species listed in the report of the Tyler-Duida Expedi-
tion as H. crispum H.B.K. The species listed in the report as H.
sericeum Swartz is H. Karstenianum Sturm.
Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz.
Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58000, 58003. A depauperate
form, probably that alluded to in the Tyler-Duida report as H. brevi-
frons Kunze.
41 By.C. V. Morton
720 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Trichomanes cellulosum Klotzsch.
Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095*1520 m., 58010; on bluffs along stream,
along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills,
summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1675 m., 58101.
Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf.
Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095*1520 m., 58005; epiphyte, along valley
forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills, summit of Duida,
alt. 1675 m., 5811 7; terrestrial, in moist pockets of rocks, along
rocky banks of Cano Negro, between Brocchinia Hills and Savanna
Hills, summit of Duida, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58207.
Trichomanes sp.
Terrestrial, fronds erect on an erect caudex 1-5 in. high,
southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of
Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58017.
HYMENOPHYLLOPSIDACEAE
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Hymenophyllopsis asplenioides A. C. Smith.
On southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tribu-
tary of Cano Iguapo), altl 1095-1520 m., 58100; along rocky banks of
Cano Negro, between Brocchinia Hills and Savanna Hills, summit of
Duida, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58216. Previously known only from the
type, collected on Cerro Duida by Tate (no. 439). Dr. Steyermark's
ample collections are of great interest, for the genus Hymenophyl-
lopsis is one of the rarest of the fern genera, the two known species
being confined to the summits of Mount Roraima and Cerro Duida.
The distinctions between H. asplenioides and H. dejecta as orig-
inally adduced seem not to hold, for no. 58216 cited above has the
rather long stipe, narrow segments, and greater dissection thought
to characterize H. dejecta. Hymenophyllopsis asplenioides seems
amply distinct in its smaller rhizome scales, absence of scales on
the rhachises, and more sharply toothed indusia.
POLYPODIACEAE
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Dryopteris sancti-gabrieli (Hook.) Kuntze.
Terrestrial, fronds firmly membranaceous, dull green above,
southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo
Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57958; fronds erect, forest at base of south-
eastern' slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo Iguapo), alt.
260 m., 58077.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 721
Oleandra duidae A. C. Smith
On bluff, between Agiiita and summit, alt. 1650 m., 58397. The
same or a very similar species grows in El Valle and Choco'in
western Colombia.
Lindsaea Feei C. Chr.
Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58137.
Lindsaea guianensis (Aubl.) Dryand. (?)
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58095. The specimens are small and
may be juvenile or depauperate.
Asplenium cuneatum Lam.
Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano
Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57964.
Asplenium radicans L.
Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano
Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57983.
Pteris Fraseri Mett.
Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano
Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57982. Previously known only from Colom-
bia and Ecuador.
Pteridium aquilinum var. caudatum (L.) Sadeb.
Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58283.
Polypodium consimile Mett.
Fronds pendent, dull green above, on bluffs of southeastern-facing
slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo Iguapo), alt. 305-1095
m., 57993.
Polypodium dicranophyllum C. Chr.
(Grammitis furcata Hook. & Grev.).
Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 57997.
Polypodium haplophlebicum A. C. Smith.
Along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills,
summit of Duida, alt. 1675 m., 58118. A topotype.
Polypodium megalophyllum Desv.
Rhizomes thickened, climbing, appressed to tree tnmk, the scales
buff-silvery, fronds subcoriaceous, deep green above, forest at base
of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),
alt. 260 m., 58074. A characteristic species of the Amazon basin.
722 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Elaphoglossum discolor (Kiihn) C. Chr.
(E. sancti-gabrieli Christ).
Fronds subcoriaceous-chartaceous, on boulders and cliffs of
southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of
Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 57998. Agrees fairly well with a
cotype (US) from Panure', Rio Vaupes, Colombia. The species is
near E. pteropus C. Chr.
Elaphoglossum plumosum (Fee) Moore.
Fronds erect, subcoriaceous, pale grass-green above, buff-brown
below, on sandstone boulder of southeastern-facing slopes along
Caffo Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57949.
Elaphoglossum rigidum (Aublet) Urban.
Fronds stiff-coriaceous, deep green on both sides, on bluffs or
boulders of south eastern- facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro
(tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58004.
GLEICHENIACEAE
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Sticherus bifidus (Willd.) Ching.
Common, on high moist ridge top, summit of Cerro Duida, alt.
1820-2075 m., 58338.
Dicranopteris pectinata (Willd.) Underw.
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58069. Lowland species, widespread
in tropical America.
SCHIZAEACEAE
LOWLAND SPECIES
Schizaea elegans var. flabellum (Mart.) Prantl.
Terrestrial, between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro),
at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57896.
Schizaea incurvata Schkuhr.
Open dry places, Esmeralda Ridge, between Esmeralda and base
of Cerro Duida, alt. 150 m., 57748; Sabana de Arboles, at southeast-
ern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 5790 5a.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA ~ IV 723
LYCOPODIACEAE
LOWLAND SPECIES
Lycopodium alopecuroides var. integerrimum Spring.
Stems creeping on wet part of savanna, between Esmeralda Ridge
and Tree Savanna, southeast of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57786.
Lycopodium Carolinian uni var. meridionale (Underw. & Lloyd) Nes-
sel & Hoehne.
Stems prostrate, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern
base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57798.
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Lycopodium duidae A. C. Smith.
Stems prostrate on wet ground along streambank, Brocchinia Hills,
summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58144. Previously known
only from the type collection.
SELAGINELLACEAE 42
LOWLAND SPECIES
Selaginella asperula Spring.
(S. avails Baker).
Creeping along ground among rocks, Esmeralda Ridge, between Es-
meralda and base of Cerro Duida, alt. 150 m., 57742.
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Selaginella potarensis Jenm.
On moist southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro
(tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 57999.
Selaginella scalariformis A. C. Smith.
Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58223.
A topotype.
42 By A. H. G. Alston
724 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
RORAIMA
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
Hymenophyllum farallonen.se Hieron.
Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base
of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58952. The specimen agrees
fairly well with an isotype (US) from the Farallones de Cali,
Colombia.
Hymenophyllum Gollmeri v.d. Bosch.
On northwest portion of summit, north and northwest of Summit
Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58864. Identified from description.
Hymenophyllum trichophyllum H.B.K.
On southern half of the summit between Summit Camp, Great Cen-
tral Rift, Central Swamp, and pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740
m., 58907- This is the species erroneously identified by Baker as
H. lineare Swartz. The rare endemic species H. roraimense Morton
was not found by Dr. Steyermark.
Hymenophyllum Lambertianum Hook.
Under shaded ledges around margin of pond at southern end on
southern half of summit, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58906. A rare species,
known otherwise from a few collections from Colombia and Peru at
similar elevations.
Trichomanes plumosum Kunze.
Terrestrial, fronds erect, dark green, southwest-facing forested
slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt.
2040-2255 m., 58981. From a photograph of the type collection
(Schomburgk 271 from British Guiana) T. accedens Presl. seems to
be the same.
Trichomanes roraimense Jenm.
Crevices or shade of bluffs of "morros," on northwest portion of
summit north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m.,
5887 7. , A topotype. The species seems to differ from related spe-
cies of the T. crispum alliance by the large immersed involucres
with the surrounding leaf tissue extending at the sides into two
"horns."
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 725
HYMENOPHYLLOPSIDACEAE
Hymenophyllopsis dejecta Goebel.
On northwest portion of summit, north and northwest of Summit
Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58879, 58820a; on southern half of the
summit between Summit Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp,
and pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58874, 58875. A fine
series of a rare species.
CYATHEACEAE
Cyathea aureonitens Christ.
"Ene-bi-gi." Trunk 15 ft. high, 3-4 in. in diameter, spiny with
black, upwardly pointing spines, fronds erect-ascending, on
southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of
sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58989. This species, previous-
ly known from Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia, belongs to a
small group of species, including C. Sprucei and C. oxyacantha
among others, characterized by the peculiar stipe scales (with dark
central stripes and broad, white, crispate-undulate margins), sharp
black spines, and pectinate scales on the costules.
Alsophila Gleasonii Maxon.
"Ene-bi-gi-yek." Terrestrial along stream in woods, fronds dull
green above, dull silvery-green beneath, Gran Sabana, at base of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58586. Previously known only
from the original collection from Rockstone, British Guiana (Glea-
son 830).
POLYPODIACEAE
Dryopteris amplissima var. subeffusa C. Chr.
Acaulescent, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon
Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58966. A
topotype.
Asplenium radicans L. var. partitum (Klotzsch) Hieron.
Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, from beginning of
sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58740.
Blechnum pteropus Kunze.
Terrestrial, fronds subcoriaceous-chartaceous, deep green above,
silvery or pale green below, southwest-facing forested slopes be-
tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255
m., 58967.
726 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Blechnum Schomburgkii (Klotzsch) C. Chr.
On erect caudex 2 ft. tall and 4-5 in. in diameter, leaves ascend-
ing or erect from crown, coriaceous, the segments revolute, deep
green above, silvery-whitish below, the scales of stipe base deep
brown, those of midrib ferruginous, ascent of ledge along southwest-
facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255*
2620 m., 58775. A topotype.
Pterozonium.
The species of this genus will be treated in a separate paper.
Hypolepis guianensis Klotzsch.
Terrestrial, forming thickets and dense tangles, fronds up to 15 ft.
long, membranaceous, grass-green, southwest-facing forested slopes
between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255
m., 58993. Although the present specimen, which is large and ap-
parently mature, although sterile, does not agree altogether with the
original description, I have little doubt but that it represents H.
guianensis, which has been known previously only from the type
(Schomburgk 1166 from Mount Roraima), which was probably a speci-
men from a juvenile or depauperate plant. There is no authentic mate-
rial in the U.S. National Herbarium or the New York Botanical Garden,
nor, according to Dr. Maxon's notes, at Kew or the British Museum.
Cochlidium Connellii (Baker) A. C. Smith.
Fronds firmly membranaceous to subcoriaceous, grass-green on
both sides, on bluffs in shade on northwest portion of summit north
and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58811. Topotype.
An exceedingly rare plant.
Polypodium anfractuosum Kunze.
Forested south west- facing quebrada near Rondo'n Camp, alt. 2040-
2130 m., 58710; ascent of ledge along south west- facing side, alt.
2100-2255 m., 58731. Uncommon, but rather widely distributed.
Polypodium induens Maxon is very near it.
Polypodium asplenifolium L.
Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base
of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58988. A common West In-
dian species, not reported from the Guianas by Posthumus.
Polypodium discolor Hook, (ex char.).
Fronds gray-silvery, under dry ledges on exposed rocky surface
near the Great Central Rift, on southern half of the summit, alt.
2700-2740 m., 58882. Apparently this species has been known only
frpm the original collection Schomburgk 1031 from British Guiana
(probably Mount Roraima). It belongs to the group containing P. fari-
nosum, P. Pearcei, and others.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 727
Polypodium taxifolium L.
Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondo'n Camp and base
of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58953.
Polypodium xanthotrichium Klotzsch.
Pendent epiphyte, forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon
Camp, alt. 2040-2130 m., 58703. A rare endemic.
Elaphoglossum cordigerum Christ.
Fronds upright, crisnate-margined, firmly membranaceous, on mossy
log, forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt.
2040-2130 m., 58702. Agrees absolutely with an isotype (US) of the
synonymous E. lineare var. Klotzschii Hieron. (Moritz 419, from
Colonia Tovaf, Venezuela). My treatment of Elaphoglossum is ten-
tative, for the species are very numerous and little known. The
present species is doubtless that from Mount Roraima referred by Pos-
thumus to the African E. Aubertii (Desv.) Moore.
Elaphoglossum plumosum (Fee) Moore.
Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rib Kukenan,
at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58587.
Elaphoglossum sp.
Ascent of ledge along south west- facing side, from beginning of
sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58734. A dwarf form
not matched in the U.S. National Herbarium. It does not appear to
be any species recorded from Mount Roraima.
GLEICHENIACEAE
Sticherus revolutus (H.B.K.) Ching.
Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base
of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58984. Apparently not re-
ported from Mount Roraima, although some specimens referred by Pos-
thumus to Gleichenia furcata may belong here. The species occurs
throughout the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia.
Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw.
"Itu-yek." Southwest-facing slopes bordered by hilly savanna,
alt. 1030-1155 m., 58604; northwest portion of summit norrh and
northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58863.
Hicriopteris Bancroft!! (Hook.) Ching.
(Gleichenia Bancroftii Hook.)
Stems dark gray-blue, glaucous, elongate, up to 15 feet long, form-
ing thickets difficult to penetrate, fronds membranaceous, grass-
green above, pale green below, southwest-facing forested slopes
between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255
728 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
m., 58991. A slight eastward extension of range. Known previously
in South America from Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, to Bolivia. Ap-
parently local and uncommon.
SCHIZAEACEAE
Anemia flexuosa Swartz.
"Ene-bi-shik." Among rocks, Glycon Swamp and vicinity,
southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58632.
Anemia millefolia Gardn.
"Honday-yar-i'ng (lugar de despoblado de monte). " Stems upright,
among rocks in dry savanna, Gran Sabana, bordering stream tributary
to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 11 85-1280 m., 58577.
Previously known from the province of Tolima, Colombia, and the
states of Goyaz and Matto Grosso, Brazil.
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodium carolinianum var. meridionale (Underw. & Lloyd) Nes-
sel & Hoehne.
Plant creeping, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing
slopes, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58636.
Lycopodium Eichleri Glaziou.
Stems erect, on south west- facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100-2620
m., 58935. Agrees fairly well with a fragment of the type (US) from
Rio de Janeiro ( Glaziou 4478).
Lycopodium iuliforme Underw. & Lloyd.
Stems prostrate, on northwest portion of summit north and north-
west of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58808. A topotype.
Lycopodium reflexum Lam.
Terrestrial, stems erect, forested southwest-facing quebrada near
Rondon Camp, alt. 2040-2130 m., 58712.
Lycopodium roraimense Underw. & Lloyd.
Pendent epiphyte from mossy trunk, leaves pale green, firmly mem-
branaceous, ascent of ledge along southwest- facing side, from be-
ginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58749.
A topotype.
Lycopodium Tatei A. C. Smith.
"Paru-yaricu". " Stems creeping, Emerald Swamp, southwest-facing
slopes, alt. 1520 m., 58610. A topotype.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 729
ISOETACEAE
Isoetes Killipii Morton.
Submerged in water 1-2 ft. deep, leaves pale grass-green, on
southern half of the summit in pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740
m., 58914. An unexpected extension of the range of this recently
described species, otherwise known only from the Pa'ramo de Purace,
El Cauca, Colombia. The present specimens have the velum vesti-
gial and the megaspores slightly smaller, but do not seem to differ
otherwise.
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 43
Ophioglossum ellipticum Hooker & Greville.
Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukena'n and Santa
Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59286. The date
of collection is October 3, 1944, at which time the sporangia were
mature. This is my first record from Venezuela, although I have
records from both north (in British Honduras) and east (in the
Guianas) of there.
PTARI-TEPUI
The present enumeration lists 78 species of ferns and 9 species
of fern allies. Of these 71 were collected on Ptari-tepui itself.
The primary relationship of the fern flora is perhaps with that of the
eastern Andes of the region of Me'rida, but there seems also to be a
relationship with that of Mount Roraima, which is shown especially in
the presence of Trichomanes roraimense and Cochlidium Connellii,
known only from Mount Roraima and Ptari-tepui. A general relation-
ship with the flora of the Guianas is.shown in the abundance of spe-
ies of Lindsaea, particularly in the presence of L. Parkeri and L.
reniformis.
The small collection from Sororopan-tepui (6 numbers only) is
notable for a specimen of Gymnogramma Schomburgkiana, previously
known only from Mount Roraima. The still smaller collection from
Carrao-tepm contains a specimen of the peculiar climbing Lindsaea
tenuis, a plant known otherwise only from Mount Roraima, and prob-
ably only from the original collections of Schomburgk. None of the
characteristic ferns of Cerro Duida are found on any of these moun-
tains, but one of the fern allies, Lycopodium duidae, was collected
on Ptari-tepui.
43 By Robert T. Clausen
730 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
Hymenophyllum apiculatum Mett.
Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt.
1615 m, 60228. Known definitely otherwise only from the original
collection from Colonia Tovar, Venezuela (Fendler 32, isotype US).
Distinguished from depauperate forms of H. polyanthos by the large,
acute, deeply immersed indusia.
Hymenophyllum Fendlerianum Sturm.
Lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-tepui^ alt. 1675-1980 m.,
60872; Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone
just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59813. Wide-
spread but uncommon species, distinctive by reason of its minute,
strongly undulate-crisp ate, segments.
Hymenophyllum fucoides (Swartz) Swartz.
Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,
along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1810-2100 m.,
59530.
Hymenophyllum hirsutura (L.) Swartz sensu Morton, Contr. U.S.
Nat. Herb. 29: 155.^1947.
(H. ciliatum Swartz).
Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,
along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1810-2100 m.,
59528.
Hymenophyllum Karstenianum Sturm.
Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,
on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59515.
Hymenophyllum microcarpum Desv.
Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overly-
ing sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59559.
Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz.
Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen and Rib Pacairao, alt. 1065-1220 m., 60447. Depauperate
plants.
Hymenophyllum trichophyllum H.B.K.
Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over-
lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone
bluffs, alt. -2285-2405 m., 59578.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 731
Trichomanes cellulosum Klotzsch.
On dripping, shaded, mossy slopes in woods, upper slopes of
Carrao-tepih', alt. 2130-2430 m., 60882; terrestrial in deep shape
under boulder, Ptari-tepui, Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-
facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59758.
Trichomanes crinitum Swartz.
In crevices of bluffs, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio
Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kava-
nayen, alt. 1220 m., 60489. Extremely rare in South America. The
specimens agree well with Jamaican plants.
Trichomanes diaphanum H.B.K.
Epiphyte, Ptari-tepul, at base of and on main south-facing high
sandstone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59618.
Trichomanes macilentum v. d. Bosch.
Dripping, shaded, mossy slopes in woods, upper slopes of Carrao-
tepui, 60881. A little-known species, suggesting T. arbuscula, but
with a creeping rhizome and distant fronds.
Trichomanes pedicellatum Desv.
Climbing, appressed to tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, south-facing dense-
ly forested slopes between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy
Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59458.
Trichomanes plumosum Kunze.
Terrestrial, fronds erect, Ptari-tepui', on densely forested steep
south- facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock"
and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m-, 59551; fronds
erect, crevices of shaded bluffs, same locality, alt. 2285-2405 m.,
59565.
Trichomanes roraimense Jenm.
Fronds erect, terrestrial, in shade under boulder, Ptari-tepui,
Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-
2200 m., 59757. Known otherwise only from Mount Roraima.
Trichomanes spp.
Nos. 59407, 59693, and 60476.
DICKSONIACEAE
Culcita coniifolia (Hook.) Maxon.
Fronds acaulescent, stipes arising at ground surface,^ fronds firm-
ly membranaceous, dull green on both sides, Ptari-tepui', along base
of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59954. A
widespread species, originally described from "Caracas."
732 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
CYATHEACEAE
Cyathea meridensis Karst.
Trunk 5-6 ft. tall, 3-4 in. in diameter, prickly, Ptari-tepui, on
densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,
between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt.
2285-2405 m., 59588. This species, not previously represented in
the U.S. National Herbarium, was originally found in the mountains
of Me'rida, Venezuela, at an elevation of 2000 meters. The specimen
at hand agrees well with Karsten's description. The species differs
from C. petiolulata in its dark brown, concolorous rhizome scales.
Cyathea petiolulata Karst.
Ptari-tepuf, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just
northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59811. Described
originally from material collected in the mountains of Me'rida at ele-
vations from 2000 to 2500 meters. The rhizome scales have a cas-
taneous central stripe a^id conspicuous pale borders.
Alsophila gibbosa Klotzsch.
Trunk 3 ft. tall, 2 in. in diameter, fronds chartaceous, deep green
above, dull green below, Ptari-tepui, Bonnetia roraimae forest on
southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59731. A fragment of
the type, collected by R. Schomburgk on Mount Roraima, is in the
U.S. National Herbarium. The species has been found also on a
mountain ridge near Galipan, Venezuela (P ittier 111).
POLYPODIACEAE
Dryopteris denticulata (Swartz) Kuntze.
Terrestrial on steep, wooded slopes overlying sandstone, Ptari-
tepui, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt.
2285-2405 m., 59597.
Oleandra Lehmannii Maxon.
Sprawling over ground, fronds deep green above, dull green below,
Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on
"Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59495. Known
otherwise only from Colombia.
Oleandra pilosa Hook.
Stems sprawling, dangling in the air by waterfall, swampy savanna
between Rib Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima along Rio Karuai, at
southwestern base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60706.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 733
Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl.
Ptari-tepui", between "Cave Camp" and Bonnetia forest, on
southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 1800-2000 m., 5972 7a.
Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott.
Terrestrial, common in colonies, Ptari-tepui, forested sandstone
south- facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt.
1700-1800 m., 59773.
Nephrolepis rivularis (Vahl) Mett.
Epiphyte on tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested
slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below
"Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59450.
Lindsaea coriifolia Lindm.
Fronds erect, chartaceous, pale green, P tari-tepuij low scrubby
growth on flat portion of south-facing shoulder, vicinity of "Misia
Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59474. A rare species, which may be
reported also from the summit of Cerro Tonoro, Alto Rio Paragua,
Bolivar (Cardona 852).
Lindsaea falcata Dryand.
Ptari-tepui', south-facing densely forested slopes between Rib
Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m.,
59427. Common and widely distributed.
Lindsaea Feei C. Chr.
Stipes upright, fronds firmly membranaceous, Ptari-tepui, on for-
ested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock"
above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59503; "sumi-peu," Bonnetia
roraimae forest on south west- facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m.,
59739. There is a discussion of this species by Hieronymus (Hed-
wigia 62: 16. 1920).
Lindsaea guianensis (Aubl.) Dryand.
Gran Sabana, bordering forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mis-
sion of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 59409.
Lindsaea Parkeri Hook.
Salto de Iwara-curu^ at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 16 15
m., 60229; Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes along
fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy
Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59454. Previously known only from British
Guiana and Surinam.
Lindsaea reniformis Dryand.
Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rib Pacairao, about 3 kms.
east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m.,
734 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
60518. One other Venezuelan collection is known: Western foot-
hills of Serra Imeri, near Salto de Hua, alt. 800 m., Holt & Blake
494. The species is otherwise restricted to the Guianas, where it
is rare.
Lindsaea stricta (Swartz) Dryand.
Stipes upright, stiff, fronds chartaceous, in crevices of bluffs,
Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on
"Cave Rock 4 ' above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59502; "ari-
epana-u." Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder,
alt.- -2000-2200 m., 59735.
Lindsaea tenuis Klotzsch.
Climbing, appressed to mossy tree trunk, lower southeastern
slopes of Carrao-tepui, alt. 1675-1980 m., 60859. A collection of
exceptional interest, for this species, previously known only from
Mount Roraima, apparently has not been represented in American
herbaria. The climbing habit of the fronds is altogether exceptional
in the genus and is suggestive of Odontosoria.
Asplenium radicans L. (var.)
Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over-
lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59594.
Asplenium serra Langsd. & Fisch.
Ptari-tepui', on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over-
lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59593; along base of south-facing high
sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59904 (depauperate).
Blechnum Schomburgkii (Klotzsch) C. Chr.
Terrestrial, fronds subcoriaceous, dull green above, pale green
below, Ptari-tepui, at base of and on main south-facing high sand-
stone bluffs, alt. 2400 m., 59614.
Pityro gramma tart are a (Cav.) Maxon.
Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60072.
Gymnogramma hirta (H.B.K.) Kaulf.
Common at base of bluffs, Ptari-tepui', south- facing bluffs, alt.
2400-2410 m., 59607, 59913.
Gymnogramma Schomburgkiana Kunze.
Crevices of bluff on summit, Sororopah-tepul, crest of cerro be-
tween east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60109. Previously known
only from Mount Roraima.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 735
Pellaea pinnata (Kaulf.) Prantl.
Crevices of boulders on mesa near Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n,
alt. 1065 m., 60526' Previously known only from southern Brazil.
An interesting and unexpected extension of range.
Hypolepis hostilis (Kunze) Presl.
Ptari-tepuf, at base of and on main south-facing high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 240O2410 m., 59598, 59896.
Lonchitis Lindeniana Hook.
Ptari-tepui, steep forested slopes at base of first line of sand-
stone bluffs, on south-facing part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130
m., 59857.
Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Smith.
Terrestrial, fronds elongate, 5 ft. long, blue-green above, pale
green below, Ptari-tepuf, at base of and on main south-facing high
sandstone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59613, 59897 (juvenile).
Vittaria filifolia Fee.
Fronds subcoriaceous, dull green above and beneath, pendent
from dry crevices of bluffs, Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing
high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59905.
Vittaria Gardneriana Fee.
Fronds subcorjaceous, dark green above, dull green beneath, pen-
dent from bluffs and tree trunks, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested
steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave
Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59596.
Cochlidium Connellii (Baker) A. C. Smith.
Fronds erect, firmly membranaceous, deep green on both sides,
terrestrial on dry ledges, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone
exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of
southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59673. Previously known
only from Mount Roraima.
Polypodium asplenifolium L.
Epiphytic, blades divergent, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep
south-facing slopes, overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock"
and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59553.
Polypodium aureum L.
Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs,
alt. 2410 m., 59908.
736 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Polypodium bombycinum Maxon.
Fronds subcoriaceous, gray-blue-green above, gray below, break-
ing easily, on boulder, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone
exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of
southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59672. In his study of the
group of P. lepidopteris Mr. Weatherby reported this species only
from Colombia, Panama, and the Galapagos Islands. Additional
records are: Capihuara, Rio Casiquiare, Amazonas, Venezuela,
L. Williams 16082; northern slopes of Akarai Mountains, British
Guiana, A. C. Smith 2899.
Polypodium cultratum Willd.
Ptari-tepm, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over-
lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59586.
Polypodium dicranophyllum C. Chr.
Epiphyte, Salto de Iwaracaru'-meni, at western end of Sororopan-
tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60227.
Polypodium duale Maxon.
Terrestrial on mossy boulders receiving constant spray of water-
fall, Ptari-tepm, along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs,
alt. 2410-2450 m., 59947.
Polypodium fraxinifolium Jacq.
"Itui-yek." Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, dense forest at base of
cerro along Rio Kamai, alt. 1220 m., 60656.
Polypodium Kalbreyeri Baker.
Epiphyte, Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying
sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59815.
Polypodium lanceolatum L.
On dry bluffs, Ptari-tepuf, along base of east- facing high sand-
stone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59953; fronds erect, coriaceous,
deep green above, dull paler green below, on rocky exposure,
Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60076.
Polypodium lasiopus Klotzsch.
Rhizome pale silvery-green with yellow-brown scales, fronds mem-
branaceous, rich green, exposed crevices of bluff, Ptari-tepui,
along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m.,
59907.
Polypodium loriceum L.
Ptari-tepui', along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt.
2410-2450 m., 59927.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 737
Polypodium lycopodioides L.
Creeping epiphyte, fronds dull green on both sides, firmly mem-
branaceous, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes along
fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River," below "Misia Kathy
Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59452.
Polypodium pectinatum L. sens. lat.
Epiphyte, fronds pendent, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep
south- facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock"
and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59595. This
would probably correspond with the large form called P. paradiseae
Langsd. & Fisch.
Polypodium pilosissimum Mart. & Gal.
Pendent epiphyte, Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high
sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59970. Possibly an aggregate as
currently recognized. The West Indian P. rigens Maxon is very
near it.
Polypodium subsessile Baker.
Epiphyte, Sororopa'n-tepui, wooded ridge between quebrada and
waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru-meru), alt. 1615-1980 m., 60199.
Polypodium taenifolium Jenm.
Epiphyte, Ptari-tepui', on densely forested steep south-facing
slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of
high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59582.
Polypodium sp. (group of P. loriceum).
Rhizomes gray-blue-green, thickened, fronds membranaceous,
grass green on both sides, among rocks, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and
rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on
plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59656.
Eschatogramme furcata var. bicolor C. Chr.
Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, fronds coriaceous, deep green
above, paler beneath, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested
slopes between Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp,"
alt. 1500-1520 m., 59430. Previously known only from Colombia.
Elaphoglossum Fraseri (Mett.) Christ ex char.
Along rocky stream bank, Ptari-tepui', south-facing densely for-
ested slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River"
below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59456. Acrostichum ery-
throtrichum Klotzsch, from "Caracas," for which the citation (Lin-
naea 25: 293. 1852) is omitted in the Index Filicum, may be the same.
The species is near the widespread E. Lindenii, but the sterile
fronds are more elongate and are cuneate at base.
738 F ELD I AN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Elaphoglossum glabellum J. Smith.
Epiphyte, fronds subcoriaceous, deep green above, paler beneath,
Ptari-tepm', south-facing densely forested slopes between Rib Karuai
and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59431.
Elaphoglossum laminarioides (Bory) Moore.
Terrestrial, fronds erect, subcoriaceous, pale green above, rufous
beneath, Ptari-tepui', on forested south-facing slopes overlying sand-
stone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59570.
This species belongs to a critical group. The present specimen
agrees fairly well with the description of the original collection
from French Guiana (Leprieur in 1834). According to Christ, the
Peruvian E. auricomum (Kunze) Moore is the same, and, if so, that
is the earliest name for the species.
Elaphoglossum stenopteris (Klotzsch) Moore.
Common epiphyte, fronds erect-spreading, undulate-margined,
firmly membranaceous, deep green above, dull green beneath, Ptari-
tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sand-
stone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt.
2100-2285 m., 59554. Agrees entirely with an isotype, from Colonia
Tovar, Venezuela (Moritz 234), in the U.S. National Herbarium.
Usually referred to the Brazilian E. brachyneuron (Fee) J. Smith,
but it is not certain that the two are identical.
Elaphoglossum tovarense (Moritz) Moore.
Fronds erect, coriaceous, dark green above, dull green beneath,
Ptari-tepui, at base of and on main south-facing high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59615. Agrees with Fendler 292, from
Colonia Tovar, cited in the original description.
Elaphoglossum sp.
Ptari-tepui, at base of and on main south-facing high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59616. Sterile; group of E. lingua (Raddi)
Brack.
Rhipidopteris peltata (Swartz) Schott.
Creeping on mossy boulder, Ptari-tepur, on densely forested steep
south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and
base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59580.
GLEICHENIACEAE
Sticherus rubiginosus (Mett.) Morton.
Fronds rigid, brittle, dull green above, paler below, Ptari-tepuf,
steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on
south- facing part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59862.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 739
Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw.
"Soni-pa. " Ptari-tepui, scrubby forest on rocky open portion of
plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600-1650 m., 59624; Bon-
netia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200
m., 59751.
SCHIZAEACEAE
Schizaea elegans (Vahl) Swartz.
Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes be-
tween "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-
1520 m., 59460.
Schizaea Poeppigiana Sturm.
Ptari-tepuf, low scnibby growth on flat portion of south-facing
shoulder, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59471. Not
known otherwise from Venezuela except on Mount Roraima.
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda cinnamomea L.
In dense clumps 4 ft. tall among grass in wet places, Gran Sabana,
bordering forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mission of Santa Tere-
sita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 59410. In Knuth's Initia Florae
Venezuelensis (Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde Beih. 43: 87. 1928) the name
Osmunda bipinnata L. has been adopted for the cinnamon-fern, and
O. cinnamomea reduced to synonymy, presumably on the basis of
page priority. However, page priority may not be considered in
selecting the proper names. According to the International Rules
(Art. 56), if two names are of the same date, the author who first
adopts one of them, definitely treating another as a synonym or re-
ferring it to a subordinate group, must be followed. In the present
instance, O. cinnamomea has been universally adopted and O. bi-
pinnata reduced to synonymy, and it is up to the author who wishes
to use O. bipinnata to prove that at the time of the first union of
these two Linnaean species O. bipinnata was the name adopted
(which is probably impossible to prove in this case). Otherwise,
O. cinnamomea must be retained. A similar instance is the fern
Stenoloma (Sphenomeris ) chinense (L.) Bedd. Those who displace
this name in favor of S. chusanum (L.) Ching must first prove that
the epithet chusanum was the first one adopted for the combined
Linnaean species.
740 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodium clavatum L.
Ptari-tepm', on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over-
lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59584; Sororopa'n-tepui, crest of cerro be-
tween east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60134.
Lycopodium duidae A. C. Smith.
Creeping, the fruiting stems erect, common terrestrial plant, Ptari-
tepui, Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on south west- facing
shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59776. Known otherwise only from Cerro
Duida.
Lycopodium passerinoides H.B.K.
Pendent epiphyte, Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes
overlying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock,"
alt. 1800-2100 m., 59536; forested sandstone south-facing slopes
between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m.,
59717. Difficult to distinguish from L. taxifolium.
Lycopodium reflexum Lam.
Stems erect, common on rock exposures, Sororopa'n-tepui', crest of
cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60111.
SELAGINELLACEAE 44
Selaginella brachyclada Baker.
Base of dripping sandstone bluff, Ptari-tepui, on south-facing
part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59836. Described from
Kaieteur Falls, British Guiana.
Selaginella flagellata Spring (forma).
Crevices of bluff below waterfall, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao
bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa
Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60523.
Selaginella microdonta A. C. Smith.
Fronds pale green above, silvery beneath, along slopes of bluff
in shade, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes
overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sand-
stone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59563. Previously known only from
the type from Cerro Duida.
44 B
V A. H. G. Alston
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 741
Selaginella rigidula Baker.
On moist face of bluff, P tari-tepui', main south-facing high sand-
stone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59604. A good match for the type
(from Ocana, Colombia) according to Alston.
Selaginella roraimensis Baker (forma).
Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms.
east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m.,
60499.
Selaginella sp.
Stems erect, southeastern portion of base of Carrao-tepuf, alt.
1460-1615 m., 60844. Near S. Hartwegiana Spring; perhaps unde-
scribed according to Alston.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
The fern flora of Cerro Turumiquire in northeastern Venezuela is
fundamentally Andean, most of the species being rather well known
and widespread in Venezuela and Colombia. An unexpected rela-
tionship with the flora of Cerro Duida is found in the presence of
Polypodium haplophlebicum, previously considered endemic to Cerro
Duida. The presence of Lycopodium roraimense may indicate a
remote relationship with Mount Roraima, although it is quite likely
that this species will be found ultimately to be rather widespread.
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
Hymenophyllum elegans Spreng.
ANZOATEGUI: along Rib Zumbador and tributary, near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantln, alt. 800-1000 m., 61287.
Hymenophyllum Gollmeri v. d. Bosch.
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-
west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62077; SUCRE: Cerro Turumi-
quire, headwaters of Rib Manzanares, on north west- facing slopes,
alt. 2500 m., 62684. Identified from description.
Hymenophyllum hirsutum (L.) Swartz.
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu-
tary of Rib Neveri, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast
of Bergantfn, alt. 900-1000 m., 61461; headwaters of Rio Maravilla,
slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east
of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400 m., 61729.
742 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Hymenophyllum Karstenianum Sturm.
MONAGAS: forested summit of Cerro de Guacharo, northeast of
Gua'charo, alt. 1500 m., 62006.
Hymenophyllum trichomanoides v. d. Bosch.
MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,
tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between
Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62201; Cerro Guacharo, above
Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62329.
Hymenophyllum trichophyllum H.B.K.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rib Colorado
and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62646.
Hymenophyllum sp. Group of H. polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz.
ANZ GATE GUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia,
above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergan-
tfn, alt. 2350 m., 61689.
Trichomanes capillacenm L.
MONAGAS: epiphyte, south-facing forested slopes above lime-
stone bluffs, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1300-1400 m., 62000.
Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf.
ANZOATEGUI: on shaded limestone bluff, Cerro Peonia (Coroy),
above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m., 61405. MONAGAS: crevices of
bluffs, vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Gua'charo,
alt. 1200-1480 m., 62267, 62265.
Trichomanes Curranii Weatherby.
MONAGAS: on bluffs along stream, Montana de Aguacate, along
Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de
Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62212.
Previously known only from the type collection from Cerro Santa
Ana, Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela (Curran & Haman 672).
Trichomanes plumosum Kunze.
MjONAGAS: terrestrial, fronds erect, dull green, summit of Cerro
Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m.,
62334.
Trichomanes rigidum Swartz.
ANZOATEGUI: fronds dark green, on shaded limestone bluffs,
Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leo'n and
Bergantfn, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m., 61404.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 743
Trichomanes Robinsonii Baker.
MONAGAS: on bark, near summit of Cerro Guacharo, above Gua-
charo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62337. SUCRE: on
tree trunk, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes,
from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m.,
62576; on shaded boulder, forest along stream at base of Cerro de
Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire),
alt. 2000-2100 m., 62736. This is the species well known as T.
montanum Hook., unfortunately a later homonym. According to Cope-
land, the African species T. Robinsonii is the same. I have seen
no African specimens.
Trichomanes rupestre (Raddi) v. d. Bosch.
r
ANZOATEGUI: fronds dull green, climbing appressed to bluff,
along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca,
northeast of Bergantih, alt. 800-1000 m., 61295; hanging from shaded
moist cliff, headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, be-
tween Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-
1400 m., 67726.
DICKSONIACEAE
Dicksonia Karsteniana (Klotzsch) Moore.
ANZOATEGUI: trunk 3 ft. tall, 1 ft. in diameter, leaves erect,
pinnules revolute, subchartaceous-subcoriaceous, dull green above,
pale green below, cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia
(Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,
east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61676; trunk 5-6 ft. tall, 6-8 in. in
diameter, same locality, 61680. SUCRE: trunk 6-8 ft. tall, Cerro
Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada
El Boquero'n, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62468. The
first specimen cited represents a small form, perhaps varietally or
even specifically distinct.
CYATHEACEAE
Hemitelia speciosa (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kaulf.
MONAGAS: subacaulescent or with a caudex 3 ft. tall and 2 in.
in diameter, forested summit of mountain on property of Pedro Pablo
Centeno, southwest of Caripe, alt. 1300-1350 m., 61970.
Hemitelia spectabilis Kunze.
ANZOATEGUI: "Cabeza de mono." Caudex 1/2 ft. tall, fronds
5-6 ft. long, chartaceous, by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of
confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin,
alt. 400-500 m., 67207.
744 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Alsophila floribunda Hook, (off.)
MONAGAS: Cerro Gua'charo, above Guacharo Cave, near Gua-
charo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62332. Although the specimen cited
agrees fairly well in cutting, "venation, and general aspect with an
isotype (US) of Hooker's species, the two may not be conspecific.
The small scales of the costules are plane and peitate in the Steyer-
mark specimen and bullate and basally attached in A. floribunda.
Alsophila pauciflora Presl. ex Mett.
SUCRE: trunk 5-10 ft. tall, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes
between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocol-
lar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62467. This rare species is represented in
the U.S. National Herbarium only by a fragment of the type, collected
at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, by Karsten.
Alsophila villosa (Humb. & Bonpl.) Desv.
MONAGAS: trunk 1 ft. tall, 2-3 in- in diameter, fronds subcoria-
ceous, vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo,
alt. 1200-1480 m., 62274.
Lophosoria quadripinnata (Gmel.) C. Chr.
ANZOATEGUI: acaulescent, stipe 2-3 ft. tall, dull purple, fronds
subchartaceous, rich green above, silvery green below, south-facing
steep slopes on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge
above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,
headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m.,
61592. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras,
northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62126. SUCRE: Cerro
Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of
cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62507.
POLYPODIACEAE
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.
SUCRE: crevices of bluff, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes
above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt.
2100-2200 m., 62552; forest along stream at base of Cerro de Diablo
(western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt.
2000-2100 m., 62738.
Dryopteris Carrii (Baker) C. Chr.
ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," be-
tween Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-
1450 m., 61403. A notable extension of range. The species has
been known previously only from Surinam and southern Brazil.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 745
Thelypteris opposita (Vahl) Ching.
SUCRE: crevices of rocks, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes
between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 170O2000 m.,
62480.
Thelypteris patens (Swartz) Small.
ANZOATEGUI: dense forest^ along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rio
Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 611 77.
Thelypteris uliginosa (Kunze) Ching.
MONAGAS: acaulescent, fronds erect, 3-5 ft. high, Cerro Gua-
charo, above Guacharo Cave, near Gua'charo, alt. 1500-1620 m.,
62318. This is the introduced Asiatic fern which has commonly
been identified as Dryopteris setigera (Blume) Kuntze. Ching
states erroneously that it is exindusiate. An indusium is present,
although it is small and often concealed by the sporangia.
Ctenitis ampla (Willd.) Ching.
ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial on river banks, fronds 5 ft. tall, woods
along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Never!, north-
east of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61070.
Cyclopeltis semicordata (Swartz) J. Smith.
SUCRE: common terrestrial fern, along Rio Guagua, tributary to
Rio Manzanares, above valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt.
230-300 m., 62877.
Polystichum muricatum (L.) Fe'e.
SUCRE: common on forest floor, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing
slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocol-
lar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62528.
Polybotrya osmundacea Humb. & Bonpl.
MONAGAS: climbing, stems appressed to tree trunk, forested sum-
mit of Cerro de Guacharo, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m.,
62075.
Tectaria heracleifolia (Willd.) Underw.
ANZOATEGUI: along stream bank, dense forest, Quebrada Negra,
tributary of Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61 146.
Tectaria incisa Cav.
ANZOATEGUI: "Cabeza de mono." Along stream in woods along
Ri'o Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Neveri', northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61079.
Bolbitis cladorrhizans (Spreng.) Ching.
ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rib
Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61142.
746 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Bolbitis serratifolia (Mert.) Schott.
ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio
Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61144.
Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree trunk, fronds erect, along Rib
Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61315.
Nephrolepis pectinata (Willd.) Schott.
SUCRE: stems erect, on boulders, Cerro Turumiquire, between
eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered
knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62674.
Nephrolepis pendula (Raddi) J. Smith.
ANZOATEGUI: hanging in vertical pendent strands up to 10 ft.
long from limestone bluffs, along Rib Zumbador and tributary, near
base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 800-1000 m.,
61278; "culantrillo de rio." Hanging from tree trunks, same local-
ity, 61296.
Orthiopteris domingensis (Spreng.) Copel.
ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial, subacaulescent, with short, erect
caudex, fronds firmly membranaceous, headwaters of Rio Mara villa,
slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east
of Berganti'n, alt. 900-1400 m., 61 730. I follow Copeland in recog-
nizing Orthiopteris (Ithycaulon) as distinct from Saccoloma.
Orthiopteris inaequalis (Kunze) Copel.
MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,
tributary to Rib Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between
Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62211.
Lindsaea falcata Dryand.
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu-
tary of Rio Neveri, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast
of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61456.
Lindsaea lancea (L.) Bedd.
f *v
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu-
tary of Rib Neveri, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast
of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61457.
Lindsaea stricta (Swartz) Dryand.
MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras
and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61806;
rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 830
m., 62382.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 747
Asplenium abscissum Willd.
ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo," forested slopes between Rib Leon
of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantih, alt.
500-600 m., 61121.
Asplenium dentatum L. (?)
MONAGAS: in crevices, base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la
Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt.
1100-1200 m., 61907. With thicker texture and somewhat different
aspect. Not previously represented from Venezuela in the U.S. Na-
tional Herbarium.
Asplenium fragrans Swartz.
MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,
tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between
Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62209.
Asplenium harpeodes Kunze.
ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia
(Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,
east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61695.
Asplenium juglandifolium var. integerrimum (Spreng.) Domin.
ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," be-
tween Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-
1450 m., 67422.
Asplenium laetum Swartz.
ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rib
Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61143.
Asplenium monanthes L.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-
dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62512a. MONAGAS:
Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe,
alt. 1500-2180 m., 62047.
Asplenium myriophyllum (Swartz) Presl.
ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo," forested slopes between Rio Leon
of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt.
500-600 m., 61122.
Asplenium obtusifolium L.
ANZOATEGUI: leaves fleshy, firmly membranaceous, the old ones
dark green, the new ones rich green, on damp boulder, dense forest,
Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin,
alt. 500 m., 61148; fronds dark green, almost hymenophylloid in
texture, on boulders along stream, steep forested slopes between
748 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Cerro San Jose, along headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, and Cerro
Peonia (Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1600 m., 61569.
Asplenium otites Link.
ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo negra," on moist edges of shady or
slaty limestone bluffs, by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of con-
fluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantm, alt.
400-500 m., 61192.
Asplenium praemorsum Swartz.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad
ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak,
alt. 2200 m., 62628.
Asplenium pumilum Swartz.
SUCRE: valley of Rib Guagua, southwest of Cumanacoa, between
Gran j a Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria and Cueva El
Pamata'l, southwest of Cuchivano, alt. 230 m., 62790.
Asplenium radicans var. partitum (Klotzsch) Hieron.
SUCRE: common on forest floor, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing
slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocol-
lar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62527.
Asplenium rutaceum Mett. (var.?).
ANZOATEGUI: shaded ledges of limestone bluff, along Rib Zum-
bador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Ber-
gantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61288. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-
facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of
Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62543.
Asplenium sp.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad
in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,
62559.
Hemidictyum marginatum (L.) Presl.
MONAGAS: terrestrial, fronds 5-10 ft. long, rich grass-green on
both sides, membranaceous, Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada
de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate,
between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62205.
Blechnum columbiense Hieron. var. bogotense Hieron.
ANZOATEGUI: dense clump with caudex 1 ft. tall and 6 in. in
diameter, fronds erect-ascending, stiff, pale green above and below,
cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos),
above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantm,
alt. 2350 m., 61668. SUCRE: caudex 1-3 ft. tall, 3-5 in. in diameter,
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 749
or acaulescent, leaves ascending in a dense rosette, Cerro Turumi-
quire, moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of
eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62631. Pre-
viously known in Venezuela only from Cerro Turumiquire (Tate 275,
279, 280, 281).
Blechnum gracile Kaulf.
ANZOATEGUI: dense forest along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rib
Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61168; "culantrillo
negro," terrestrial, common, used in medicine, woods along Rio
Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Ber-
gantin, alt. 500 m., 60990.
Blechnum 1'herminieri (Bory) Mett.
MONAGAS: common ground cover, sterile fronds chartaceous, dull
dark green above, paler below, forested summit of Cerro de Gua'charo,
northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m., 62014. Known in South America
only from Venezuela.
Blechnum unilaterale Swartz.
MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Gua-
charo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62264.
Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link (?).
ANZOATEGUI: along Rib Zumbador and tributary near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61327.
A peculiar form.
Gymnogramma flexuosa (Humb. & Bonpl.) Desv.
SUCRE: between headwaters of Ri'o Colorado and summit of south-
ern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62655a.
Gymnogramma hirta (H.B.K.} Kaulf.
ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on ledges of rim rock
just below crest, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,
headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000 m.,
61596. SUCRE: in crevices of bluff, Cerro Turumiquire, between
headwaters of Rib Colorado and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-
2400 m., 62657.
Doryopteris pedata var. palmata (Willd.) Hicken.
MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of
mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt.
850-1350 m., 67968.
Doryopteris sagittifolia (Raddi) J. Smith.
ANZOATEGUI: "corazon," along Rio Zumbador and tributary,
near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-1000
750 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
m., 61269. "Entire plant boiled in water and drunk for heart ail-
ments.'* An interesting instance of a Brazilian species isolated in
Venezuela.
Cheilanthes notholaenoides (Desv.) Maxon.
(C. micromera Link).
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-
west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62051. Not previously represented
from Venezuela in the U.S. National Herbarium.
Adiantum concinnum Humb. & Bonpl.
ANZOATEGUI: shaded crevices of boulder, dense forest along
Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantih, alt.
500 m., 61166.
Adiantum macrophyllum Swartz.
ANZOATEGUI: along stream bank in dense forest, Quebrada
Negra, tributary of Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500
m., 61145.
Adiantum obliquum Willd.
ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo." woods along Rib Leon by Quebrada
Danta, tributary to Rib Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m.,
61052. "Entire plant used for fevers."
Adiantum tenerum Swartz.
MONAGAS: base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona
Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m.,
61901. ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo," by state of Sucre boundary,
vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61195. "Stems, leaves, and roots boiled
and placed in 'guarapo* for fevers."
Adiantum tetraphyllum Humb. & Bonpl.
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu-
tary of Rio Neven', between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast
of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m. , 61458. The specimen agrees very
well with a photograph of the type (from Caripe).
Adiantum tine turn Moore (?).
SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above
valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62794.
A little known species.
Pteris biaurita L.
ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rib
Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. "500 m., 61154.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 751
Pteris podophylla Swartz.
SUCRE: forest along stream at base of Cerro de Diablo (western
extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 2000-2100 m.,
62742.
Vittaria filifolia Fee.
SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes be-
tween La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar,
alt. 1700-1840 m., 62466; epiphyte, fronds subcoriaceous, dark green
above, pale green beneath, above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone,
alt. 2100-2200 m., 62524. ANZOATEGUI: pendent epiphyte, cloud
forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above
Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Berganti'n, alt.
2350 m., 67690.
Vittaria lineata (L.) J. E. Smith.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte, along Rio Leon, northeast of BergantTn,
alt. 500 m., 61428.
Vittaria stipitata Kunze.
ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61331.
Antrophyum lineatum (Swartz) Kaulf.
SUCRE: epiphyte, fronds coriaceous, spreading to erect, Cerro
Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest
zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62535.
Polypodium angustifolium Swartz.
MONAGAS: fronds erect, coriaceous, rich green above, pale green
below, on boulders, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras,
northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62070. SUCRE: Cerro Turu-
miquire, between eastern and western peaks, on summit following
sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62671.
Polypodium aureum L.
SUCRE: "palipol." Fronds erect, firmly membranaceous-
chartaceous, rich pale green or pale grass-green above, blue-silvery-
green below, on boulders, Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and
western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge
ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62672.
Polypodium ciliatum Willd.
MONAGAS: creeping epiphyte, dwarf forest on exposed ridge of
Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of
Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 67888.
752 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Polypodium crassifolium L.
MONAGAS: fronds erect, coriaceous, on boulders, Cerro Negro,
above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180
m.,; 62053.
Polypodium cultratum Willd.
ANZOATEGUI: pendent epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, cloud forest
on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,
headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantm, alt. 2350 m., 6 1694.
Polypodium duale Maxon.
MONAGAS: Cerro Gua'charo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo,
alt. 1500-1620 m., 62328.
Polypodium fasciale Humb. & Bonpl.
(Campy lone urum Fendleri Moore).
MONAGAS: creeping epiphyte, south-facing forested slopes above
limestone bluffs, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1300 m., 61998.
The determination is not altogether certain inasmuch as no material
has been available for comparison.
Polypodium Funckii Mett.
SUCRE: creeping over boulders above water hole, Cerro Turumi-
quire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62617;
also collected by Tate (nos. 194, 195). ANZOA^TEGUI: on sides of
boulder, along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro
Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan-
tiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61660.
Polypodium haplophlebicum A. C. Smith.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Ri'o Colorado
and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62654. Known other-
wise only from Cerro Duida.
Polypodium lanceolatum L.
SUCRE: fronds erect, firmly membranaceous, on limestone boul-
ders, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes near summit of eastern
peak, alt. 2200 m., 62569. MONAGAS: on boulder, Cerro Negro,
above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180
m., 62048. ANZOATEGUI: fronds subcoriaceous, rich green, on ex-
posed boulders, on knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro
Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan-
tiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61646.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 753
Polypodium leucatomos Poir.
(P. decumanum Willd.)
MONAGAS: epiphyte, fronds grass-green, in coffee hacienda of
Intendente de Tierras y Bosques, on north side of Rio Carlpe, Ca-
ripe, alt. 850 m., 62160.
Polypodium leucosporum Klotzsch.
MONAGAS: creeping on moss over boulders, Cerro Negro, above
La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m.,
62109.
Polypodium meridense Klotzsch.
SUCRE: in crevices of bluff, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep
sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro,
alt. 2360-2500 m., 62589. The same species was collected by Tate
(nos. 283, 320, 322).
Polypodium moniliforme Lag.
SUCRE: in rock crevices, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep
sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro,
alt. 2360-2500 m., 62587. Also collected by Tate (nos. 257, 325;.
Polypodium Moritzianum Link.
MONAGAS: on boulders along streambed, along Quebrada Colorado
Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima,
southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61957. Found on Cerro Turu-
miquire by Tate (no. 120).
Polypodium pectinatum L. (sens. lat. ).
MONAGAS: terrestrial among limestone boulders, between Caripe
and San Agustm, alt. 900-950 m., 61778; on boulder, Cerro Negro,
above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180
m., 62080; along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of moun-
tain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-
1350 m., 61960a.
Polypodium polypodioides var. Burchellii (Baker) Weatherby.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte, forested slopes between Rio Leon of
Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-
600 m., 67726.
Polypodium repens Aubl.
ANZOATEGUI: fronds erect, membranaceous, woods along Ri'o
Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf, northeast of Ber-
gantfn, alt. 500 m., 61033. "Rhizomes boiled in water of 'guarapo'
used in treating fevers."
754 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Polypodium thyssanolepis A. Braun.
MONAGAS: on rock, vicinity of San Agustfn, in valley northwest
of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61867.
Eschatogramme furcata var. bicolor C. Chr.
MONAGAS: epiphyte, fronds erect, firmly membranaceous, base of
limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and
bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m., 61910.
Elaphoglossum andicola (Fee) Moore.
ANZOATEGUI: on boulders, along knife-edge crest of ridge lead-
ing to summit, Cerro Peonfa (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,
headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300
m., 61648. Agrees with Fendler 296, from Colonia Tovar, cited by
Moore, which specimen was cited also in the original description of
E. sporadolepis (Kunze) Moore, a probable synonym. The Steyer-
mark specimen was growing with E. cuspidatum.
Elaphoglossum cuspidatum (Willd.) Moore.
SUCRE: terrestrial, sterile fronds erect, subcoriaceous, dull green
above with gray-buff scales, gray-buff to buff-tawny beneath, fertile
fronds brown-black beneath, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes
between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m. ,
62508. ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial among boulders, fronds erect,
deep green above, silvery-fulvous beneath, cloud forest of Fila
Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between
Bergantin and Cerro Peonfa (Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m.,
61548; ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peom'a, above Santa Cruz,
headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300
m., 67648.
Elaphoglossum firmum (Mett.) Urban.
MONAGAS: terrestrial, fronds erect, coriaceous, El Paramo,
northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m.,
62039.
Elaphoglossum glossophyllum Hieron.
SUCRE: terrestrial, fronds erect, coriaceous, Cerro Turumiquire,
north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to
summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62581. Previously collected by
Tate (nos. 765, 766), but otherwise known only from Colombia.
Elaphoglossum pilosum (Humb. & Bonpl.) Moore ex char.
ANZOATEGUI: fronds erect, dull green above, brownish-green
beneath, crevices of bluff at top, cloud forest of Fila Grande, head-
waters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Bergantin
and Cerro Peom'a (Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m., 67549. The
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 755
type was collected by Humboldt in the Cerro Turumiquire. The
Colombian plants referred to this species by Hieronymus (Bot.
Jahrb. 24: 546. 1904) may be different. A probable synonym is E.
viscosum var. minus Moore (Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, Fendler 272,
isotype US).
Elaphoglossum rigidum (Aublet) Urban.
ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial, fronds erect, subcoriaceous, summit
of Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and
Bergantm, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1450 m., 61408.
Hymenodium crinitum (L.) Fee.
MONAGAS: epiphyte, fronds subcoriaceous, deep green above,
dull green beneath or almost silvery, the hairs brown-black, Montana
de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rib Caripe,
northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt.
600-900 m.,; 622 10a.
GLEICHENIACEAE
Sticherus bifidus (Willd.) Ching.
MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and
Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62251. May be distinguished from S.
rubiginosus by the densely brown-lanose covering of the lower sur-
faces of die young fronds.
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda cinnamomea L.
SUCRE: in swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing
headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000
m., 62698.
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum bogotense H.B.K.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colorado
and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62640. MONAGAS:
Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe,
alt. 1500-2180 m., 62087.
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodium alopecuroides var. integerrimum Spring.
SUCRE: stems creeping, the fertile erect, valley between base of
Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turu-
756 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
miquire) and Cerro de Neveri, along headwaters of Rio de Amana,
alt. 2000 m., 62709.
Lycopodium aqualupianum Spring.
MONAGAS: epiphyte in upper branches of tree, leaves chartaceous-
subcoriaceous, 4-ranked, rich green, forested summit of Cerro de
Guacharo, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m., 62005.
Lycopodium caracasicum Herter.
SUCRE: stems erect, crevices of boulders, Cerro Turumiquire,
rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62621.
MIRANDA: terrestrial, tips of stems slightly nodding to drooping,
summit of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2765 m 62976;
epiphyte, same locality, 62976a. Previously collected on Pico de
Naiguata by Pittier (no. 6248) in May, 1913? also represented in the
U.S. National Herbarium from Silla de Caracas, D. F. (Pittier 8369).
Lycopodium clavatum L.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-
dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62477. MONAGAS:
Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe,
alt. 1500-2180 m.,; 62708. ANZOATEGUI: stems creeping, with
erect branches, south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby
portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Paja-
ritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of
Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61600.
Lycopodium complanatum var. tropic urn Spring.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-
dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62497; moist
savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak
with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62633. ANZOATEGUI:
creeping along ridge crest in exposed shaly spots, Cerro Peonia
(Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,
east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61599.
Lycopodium Jussiaei Desv.
SUCRE: stems erect-ascending, leaves rich green above, pale
green beneath, Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colo-
rado and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62649.
Lycopodium passerinoides H.B.K.
MONAGAS: pendent epiphyte, wooded limestone slopes just below
summit of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering
valley of Caripe, alt. 1300 m., 61931.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 757
Lycopodium perdulinum Hook.
SUCRE: terrestrial, stems with drooping branches and appressed
leaves, in sphagnum bog at base of sandstone bluffs of third peak of
Cerro Tunimiquire, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62639.
Lycopodium reflexum Lam.
ANZOATEGUI: rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge
ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peoni'a (Los Pajaritos), above Santa
Cruz, headwaters of Rfo Manantiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 1800-
2000 m., 61625. SUCRE: terrestrial, stems erect, Cerro Turumi-
quire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62613.
MONAGAS: terrestrial, stems erect, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana
de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62090.
Lycopodium roraimense Underw. & Lloyd.
SUCRE: pendent epiphyte, leaves firmly membranaceous, Cerro
Turumiquire, north- facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada
El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62469.
Known otherwise from 'Mount Roraima and Colonia Tovar (A Hart 371).
Lycopodium sp.
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-
west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62069.
SELAGINELLACEAE 45
Selaginella cladorrhizans A. Braun.
ANZOATEGUI: on moist edges of shaly or slaty limestone bluffs,
by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with
Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 400-500 m., 61191.
Selaginella pallescens (Presl.) Spring.
MONAGAS: fronds erect, rich green above, pale silvery-green
beneath, on bluffs in exposed places, edge of cafetal, below lime-
stone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and border-
ing valley of Caripe, alt. 1000 m., 61881.
OPHIOGLOSSACE AE 46
Botrychium cicutarium (Sav.) Swartz.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad
in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62562.
First record from Venezuela. The species is known from several
localities in Colombia.
45 By A. H. G. Alston 46 By Robert T. Clausen
758 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Ophioglossum reticulatum L.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between Rio Manzanares and La
Trinidad, alt. 800-1300 m., 62770. LARA: between Buenos Aires
and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55465. The latter is
noteworthy because it comes from the highest altitude that I have
recorded for this species. The specimen consists of a single leaf
which appears somewhat intermediate between this species and O.
petiolatum. The present identification should be considered as
doubtful until more plants from that locality have been studied.
ANDES
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Botrychium Underwoodianum Maxon.
Steyermark's collections no. 57516 and 57082 are respectively
from the shore of Lake Mucubajf and the dry top of the Pa'ramo de la
Negra, both localities in the state of Merida and within the altitudi-
nal range already known for the species. Since the single leaf from
the Paramo de la Negra is undeveloped, also the two from Lake
Mucubajf may be juvenile, the smaller size than usual may not be
important.
Ophioglossum petiolatum Hooker.
MERIDA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita,
alt. 2745-3045 m.,;57079. South American collections of this species
are few and without indication of definite locality. Steyermark's
collection is the first recorded from Venezuela. The plants are
small, with the blades varying from lance-ovate to elliptic-ovate.
The venation is characteristic for the species and Steyermark's
note, "frond fleshy," indicates another typical feature. The fertile
segments, collected on July 7, 1944, are immature.
Clausen states that the above "seven collections of Ophioglossa-
ceae comprise five species. All are previously known from South
America, but three, namely Botrychium cicutarium, Ophioglossum
petiolatum and O. ellipticum were not recorded from Venezuela in
my Monograph of the Ophioglossaceae (Mem. Torrey Club 19: 1-177.
1938). These three species may be new records for that country."
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA IV 759
PODOCARPACEAE 47
Key to species of Podocarpus in Venezuela:
Leaves opposite, ovate, spread apart in one plane, with
stomates on both sides. (Sect. Polypodiopsis).
1. P. Rospigliosii
Leaves attached alternately in spiral series; stomates
confined to lower surface.
Leaves small, linear or needle-like, less than 4 mm.
wide, spread apart distichously in one plane.
(Sect. Stachycarpus).
Leaves with a ridge above midvein, seldom nearly
flat above 2 ? Harmsianus
Leaves with a groove above midvein, the groove
sometimes an open channel
.. 3 'P rnontanus var. meridensis
Leaves large, or if small not spread distichously.
(Sect. Eupodocarpus).
Leaves large, broad and flat, more than 4 cm. long.
Bud scales (vegetative) long acuminate, 3'4 or
more times as long as wide.
Upper leaf surfaces essentially flat or with a
ridge only at petiole 4. P Pittieri
Upper leaf surface with a groove.
Leaves lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long with revolute
margins stiffly arched-spreading, recurved;
bud scales large, becoming foliaceous
5. P- Steyermarkii
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong or obovate,
thick and stiff, 5-12 cm. long, 12-17 mm. wide
(on vigorous shoots and saplings up to 17 cm.
long and- 24 mm. wide) 6. P. magnifolius
Bud scales (vegetative) obtuse or acute, usually not
apiculate.
Leaves large, flat above (or with suppressed, in-
conspicuous groove between two low ridges),
about 11 cm. long and drooping, with margins
smooth and swollen 7. P. pendulifolius
Leaves with groove above midvein. ;
Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute; female peduncles
10-18 mm. long; seeds elongated, crested and
ridged 8. P- oleifolius var. trujillensis
Leaves oval or oblanceolate, broadly acute or
obtuse; female peduncles 3-5 mm. long; seeds
elongated, crested and ridged
.9. P. oleifolius var. macros tachy us
47
By J. T. Buchholz and Nettie A. Gray
760 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Leaves small, at most 5 cm., usually less than 3 cm.
long.
Leaves with a ridge above midvein or a groove between
2 ridges and becoming flat toward tip, less than 3
cm. long (except on vigorous shoots up to 5 cm.
long); bud scales slender, 3"4 times as long as
wide .., 10. P. roraimae
Leaves with a distinct groove above midvein, stiff,
divaricately spreading, less than 2-2.5 cm. long,
4-6 mm. wide; bud scales ovate and apiculate
..11. P. tepuiensis
1. Podocarpus Rospigliosii Pilger.
An evergreen tree 30*35 m. tall with flat frondose branches and
twigs, clothed with ovate-lanceolate leaves, opposite, sessile, up
to 22 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, in the lower parts of twigs grading
down to 11 mm. long and 2.5 mm. "wide toward the tips of the twigs.
Leaves amphistomatic with median vein, spread out by twisting at
the base with adaxial sides exposed on one side of the twigs and
with abaxial sides of leaves exposed on the opposite side, as in-
dicated externally by decurrent leaf bases and internally by orienta-
tion of xylem and phloem in vascular bundles. Buds naked. Leaves
internally with hypoderm on both sides of the leaf interrupted by the
stomates even at the midrib, vascular schlerenchyma of large fibres
constantly present on the upper or xylem side and of smaller fibres
rarely present on the lower or phloem side (not altered by orienta-
tion). ' Single median vascular bundle flattened in cross section and
flanked by transfusion tissue extending laterally into the leaf
tissue, but no accessory transfusion tissue nor isolated sclerids in
the mesophyll. Palisade tissue developed on both sides of leaf
depending upon exposure. Resin canals 3-1 1> the median one sit-
uated beneath the vascular bundle.
"The male cones are placed at the apex of rather short, lateral
axillary shoots borne by ordinary leafy branchlets. Each fertile
shoot shows two to a few pairs of reduced and scale-like leaves
(decussate arrangement; no twisting of the leaf bases). It carries
one male cone terminally on the axis, and adjacently to this two
cones in the axils of the uppermost pair of scales, and two more
cones may in addition be placed in the same way, but some dis-
tance from the shoot apex."
Ovulate cones placed at the apex of short axillary shoots attached
to the thicker branches rather than the more slender twigs. Each
fertile shoot shows two growth zones belonging to two different
seasons' growth. Leaves of the older part usually smaller than
vegetative leaves with twisting of leaf base-s unless these leaves
are reduced to scales, while the last season's growth includes two
to four or more pairs of broader ovate-orbicular decussate bracts
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 761
(sterile cone scales) not twisted and appearing more gray-glaucous.
The single inverted ovule borne in terminal position, with a single
ovate bract on the side away from the micropyle. This ovular,
slightly keeled bract, 4 mm. long by 3 mm. wide, persists, and while
essentially free from the ovule, adheres sufficiently near its base fo
fall away with the seed. Both ovules and seeds have a small crest
at the terminal end.
Seed obovoid, 20-30 mm. long and 12-18 mm. wide, not flattened,
with micropyle below. The seed coat consists of an outer layer
which becomes fleshy, a stony layer 1 mm. thick and an inner layer
enclosing the endosperm. Both the stony layer and endosperm plus
nucellus narrow to a conical spine or point at the micropyle, but
covered by the fleshy layer of the seed so that this spine-like
point is not observed unless the outer layer is removed. At the
opposite end near the crest the stony layer is rounded. Hence, the
crest is wholly a part of the fleshy layer, and may be broken off on
mature seeds. These fruits become colored from blue-black to red,
have been reported as edible (presumably as nuts) and are very
attractive when ripe.
Distribution: mountains of western Venezuela, eastern Colombia,
and central Peru, at altitudes between 1700-2600 m.
Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: TACHIRA: between La
Grita and Ye^tuines, John 99 (US); above La Grita, Steyermark 57112
(F, 111). MERIDA: no locality data, Pittier 12756 (US); above La
Carbonera, Steyermark 56049 (F, 111); Canagua, Steyermark 56370
(F, 111); no locality data, Sardi 6672 (Ven, 111); above Jaji, Steyer-
mark 55999, with ovules, mature seeds in packet (F, 111).
2. Podocarpus Harmsianus Pilger. (Fig. 1).
An evergreen tree with dark brown scaly bark becoming 15 m.
high or higher with a trunk diameter up to 40 cm. Branchlets slen-
der and somewhat loosely leafy. Leaves coriaceous, spirally
arranged distichously spread in one plane, patent, oblong-lanceolate,
straight or falcate or somewhat s-shaped, acute or short angustate
above and below and narrowly sessile, 15-27 mm. long, 3*5 mm.
wide, when young pruinose except midrib which is obtusely promi-
nent above and less prominent or flat beneath where midvein sepa-
rates the two bands of stomates.
Pollen cones borne in spikes of about 15, spreading divaricately,
up to 10 mm. long and borne in the axile of very minute elliptic
acute bracts (these 2 mm. long), surrounded at the base by small
appressed imbricated scales. Microsporophylls broad with a large
triangular obtuse upturned apex lacerated at the margins, with two
laterally placed microsporangia dehiscing laterally and horizontally.
Ovulate cones greatly reduced consisting of a slender modified
branch about 25 mm. long, clothed only with minute scales below
762
FIELDIAMA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Explanation of Figure 1.
Upper: Podocarpus Harmsianus
Photo of isotype, Fendler 1289 (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.)
Lower: Podocarpus Harmsianus
Tamayo 1575, from specimen cultivated at Colonia Tovar,
Aragua, showing seed on reproductive branch.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 763
(soon deciduous). Strobilar axis bearing one or more inverted ovules
near tip, attached laterally in the axil of a bract half as long as the
ovule. Seed not flattened, only slightly crested and with a thin
fleshy outer seed coat not greatly wrinkled in drying.
Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: DISTRITO FEDERAL:
Silla de Caracas, O. Kuntze 1611 (F, NY, US); Steyermark 55146
(F, 111); Delgado 338 (Ven). ARAGUA: Colonia. Tovar, Fendler
1289, isotypes (G with pollen cones, MBG, PH); Tamayo 1575
with seeds (Ven); Delgado 174, topotype (with seed of P. Rospig-
liosii in packet, F, without seed, US); Alto de Nor Leon, John, topo-
type with ovulate strobilus (Fig. 1), US.
3. Podocarpus montanus var. meridensis Buchh. & Gray, Journ.
Arn. Arb. 29: 71-71. 1948.
A tree with distichous foliage similar to P. montanus. It differs
from P. montanus and its var. densifolius in having a seed smaller
than either. The crest of the seed usually composed of a pair of
partially fused spine-like projections, or these spines may be com-
pletely fused resembling the seed of P. montanus, but in a much
smaller seed. Leaves similar to P. montanus var. densifolius or
intermediate in size, with the groove above midvein sometimes more
Open.
Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: LARA: between Buenos
Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, Steyermark 55459 (F, 111).
TRUJILLO: Cerro de la Mesa de Esnujaque, Schnee 50 (111, Ven);
Schnee 55 (111, Ven). MERIDA: Timotes, Delgado 366 (Ven); arriba
de Chachopo, Schnee 33 (111, Ven). TACHIRA: below Paramo de la
Negra, above La Grita, Steyermark 57103 (F, 111, Type); Klugh (Ven).
4. Podocarpus Pittieri Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29: 130-131.
1948. (Fig. 2).
A tree up to 10 m. tall with trunk up to 40 cm. in diameter, with
leaves somewhat crowded on twigs. Terminal buds with scales long
acuminate, 5-15 mm. long (sometimes longer [25 mm. J and appearing
foliaceous). Leaves coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, falcate, angu-
state, smooth and flat above, with midvein scarcely manifest above,
except near petiole but raised beneath, 6-18 cm. long, 7-16 mm.
wide. Pollen cones (fide Schnee) sessile and solitary in leaf axils
surrounded at base by several scales, leaf axils, cylindrical, be-
coming 4 cm. long. Ovulate cones on slender peduncles becoming
12-24 mm. long; receptacle of 2-3 fused thickened scales becoming
fleshy, 6-10 mm. long, 5-7 wide. Seed broadly ovoid, 8-12 mm. long,
7-9 nun. wide with a very small crest.
Distribution: coastal range of Venezuela in the high dense
forests at 1400-2140 m.
764
FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Explanation of Figure 2.
Upper: Podocarpus Pittieri Lower: Podocarpus Steyermarkii
Pittier 8298. Sttyermarl^ 60876, showing
bud and seed
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 765
Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: DlSTRITO FEDERAL:
Cerro del Avila, Pittier 8298 (F, G, type coll., US); Lasser 999
(US); Tamayo 1382 (US); Williams 10633 (F); Delgado 205 (F, US);
Whitford 50 (G); upper Cotiza near Caracas, Pittier 7396 (G, US);
on crest at Caracas, Curran & Haman 1110 (G, NY, US); east of
Junquito, Steyermark 57035 (F, 111). ARAGUA: prope Coloniam
Tovar, Fendler 1228 or 1288 (G, MBG, YU). State unknown: Williams
9929 (F).
5. Podocarpus Steyermarkii Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29:
133. 1948.
Tree 7-12 m. tall. Twigs with crowded foliage and with terminal
buds having scales long-attenuate, 5~l6 mm. long and longer (tend-
ing to become foliaceous). Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, arched-
spreading, recurved from twigs, 4-8 cm. long, 6-11 mm. broad, dark
shiny green above, with a distinct groove or sulcus above midvein,
their margins somewhat revolute, lower surface dull, pale to silvery
green with lower midrib strongly elevated. Pollen cones unknown.
Ovulate cones on stout axillary peduncles 7-10 mm. long, receptacle
7-8 mm. long. Seed silvery green, ridged, and minutely crested.
Specimens examined: BOLIVAR: upper slopes of Carrao-tepuf,
alt. 2100-2400 m., Steyermark 60876 (F, type, 111).
6. Podocarpus magnifolius Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29:
133-134. 1948. (Fig. 3).
Tree 60 feet or more high with straight trunk and suberect spread-
ing branches. Twigs stout, the terminal buds with thick short
acuminate scales. Leaves coriaceous, broadly lanceolate, the
smaller ones sometimes oblanceolate, erect-ascending, dark green
above, acute to shortly acuminate, the small leaves sometimes ob-
tuse, cuneately narrowed to a winged 3-5 mm. long petiole, with
shallow groove, above at midvein, or a groove between two ridges,
lower side dull paler green with an irregularly fluted or blunt ridge
at the midvein. Leaves of reproductive twigs 5*9 cm l n g an ^ 12-17
mm. wide, those of vigorous shoots and saplings becoming up to 17
cm. long and 24 mm. wide. Pollen cones sessile, solitary and axil-
lary (only small cones emerging from buds seen), their sporophylls
crowded with the apex of sporophyll developed, acute-obtuse, scar-
ious and denticulate.
Distribution: Bolivia (through Brazil) to eastern Venezuela, the
former at elevation of 850-950 m., the latter at 1600 m.
Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR: southeast-
facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, Steyermark 59989 (F, type, 111.)
766
FIET.DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Explanation of Figure 3.
Podocarpus magnifolius
Steyermark 59989. showing portion of branch
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV
767
Explanation of Figure 4.
Upper: Podocarpus pendulifolius
Steyermark 57114, showing staminate cones
Lower: Podocarpus pendulifolius
Steyermark 57215. showing seeds
768
FDELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
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BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 769
7. Podocarpus pendulifolius Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Am. Arb. 29:
138. 1948. (Fig. 4).
Small tree 6-7 m. tall (monoecious according to Steyermark).
Twigs stout with large spherical buds. Bud scales broadly ovate,
usually obtuse and scarious, keeled. Leaves drooping, very coria-
ceous, pale green, very shiny, narrowly lanceolate, flaccate, those
of vigorous shoots more nearly linear, acuminate, flat above mid vein
or double ridged with shallow groove between: margins (of leaves)
smooth and swollen, not revolute.
Pollen cones arising from sessile axillary buds with numerous
broadly ovate scales, cylindrical, becoming 2 cm. long or longer
and 6-7 mm. wide. Microsporophylls broadly expanded at tip, obtuse,
scarious and denticulate at margins. Ovulate cones axillary on
peduncles becoming 7-10 mm. 'long; receptacle glaucous, about as
long as seed. Seed glaucous green, spherical or slightly elongated
with a very small obtuse crest.
Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: TACHIRA and MERIDA:
below Paramo de la Negra, above La Grita, Steyermark 57115 with
seeds, type (111), 57114 with pollen cones (F, ill), 57113, young
ovulate cones (111). MERIDA: between La Cumbre, San Jose, and
Mucutuy, Steyermark 56238 (F, 111).
8. Podocarpus oleifolius var. trujillensis Buchh. & Gray, Journ.
Arn. Arb. 29: 141. 1948. (Fig. 5). :
A tree closely related to P. oleifolius as shown by their vegetative
buds with ovate bud scales, which are more carinate and narrower.
Leaves broader toward tip and less pointed than P. oleifolius^
intermediate between this and P. oleifolius var. macrostachyus, but
considerably longer (than var. macrostachyus). Pollen cones un-
a pair of fleshy scales with tips broadly clasping scales. Seeds
elongated, crested and ridged very similar to var. macrostachyus.
Specimens examined: ^ VENEZUELA: TRUJILLO: Steyermark
55335 (F, type, 111). MERIDA: Gehriger 469 (A, F, NY, PH, US,
Ven); Steyermark 56587 (F, 111). LARA: Steyermark 55222 (F, 111).
9. Podocarpus oleifolius var. macrostachyus (Parl.) Buchh. &
Gray, Journ, Arn. Arb. 29: 140. 1948. (Fig. 6).
A tree up to 15 m. tall with leaves crowded on much branched
twigs. Vegetative terminal buds sperical, scales thick, ovate,
obtuse with scarious margins. Leaves crowded, spreading, some-
what shiny, dark green above, paler dull green beneath, very stiffly
coriaceous, elliptical, short oblanceolate, obtuse, gradually
narrowed to a short petiole, 2-5 cm. long, 7-12 mm. wide, with a
distinct groove above the midvein, a ridge beneath. Pollen cones
on peduncles 3*5 mm. long, arising from buds in the axils of leaves
of previous year, cylindrical 2.5-3 cm. long, about 3-4 mm. in dia-
770
FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Explanation of Figure 6.
Upper: Podocarpus oleifolius var. macrostachyus
Fendler 1287
Lower: Podocarpus oleifolius var. macrostachyus
Steyermark 56968
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 771
meter, with many thick obtuse carinate scales at base of cone.
Microsporophylls with obtuse upturned apiculus. Female cones axil-
lary on peduncles about 5 mm. long; receptacle fleshy, about 11
mm. long, of 2 scales free at obtuse tip. Ovules 1-2. Seeds ovoid
10-12 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, distinctly crested at apex.
In Venezuela alone this variety might have the value of a distinct
species, but it becomes too variable to be recognized in Colombia.
Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: DISTRITO FEDERAL: El
Junquito, Steyermark 56968 (F, 111); Steyermark 56967 (F, 111); Schnee
32 (111, Ven.) ARAGUA: Colonia Tovar, Fendler 1287 (isotype,
NY, PH, G); Moritz 1677 (F, G). MERIDA: Paramo above San
Isidro Alto, Steyermark 56552 (F, 111). TA'cHIRA: Paramo de la
Negra, above La Grita, Steyermark 57085 (F, 111).
10. Podocarpus roraimae Pilger, in Notiz. Bot. Gard. Berlin 5:
229. 1903-
A tree 10-15 m. tall with dense foliage crowded on numerous
branched branchlets. Vegetative buds globose with outer scales
acuminate attenuate, becoming foliaceous. Leaves oval or obovate
to oblanceolate, shortly rotundate-angustate at tip somewhat obtuse,
gradually narrowed toward the base into a short petiole, 1.5-3 cm.
long, 4-7 mm. wide (those of vigorous branches and juvenile foliage
shortly subapiculate, up to 6 cm. long and 8 mm. wide), shiny dark
green above, dull green beneath, with an indistinct ridge above the
midvein, often replaced (especially toward the tip) by two smaller
ridges with a faint groove between. Pollen cones unknown. Female
peduncle 4-5 mm. long; receptacle 6 mm. long. Seed elongated, 6
mm. long, 4 mm. wide, with ridge and minute crest.
Distribution: Venezuela-Brazil border westward to Mount Duida,
at 2000-3000 m.
Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima,
Vie 40 (photo of type, F, G, fragment of type, F); Steyermark 58949
(F \2 sheets], 111). TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Mount
Duida, summit of peak no. 7, Tate 659 (NY, US).
11. Podocarpus tepuiensis Buchh. & Gray, Joum. Am. Arb. 29:
134-135. 1948. (Fig. 7).
Tree 10-15 m. tall with trunk up to 30 cm. in diameter. Buds
small, with scales broadly triangular, apiculate up to 2 mm. long.
Leaves densely crowded, broadly lanceolate, acute, 1.5-2 cm. long,
4-5 mm. wide, grooved above midvein, midrib prominent on lower
side below middle (of leaf), slightly revolute at margin, shiny dark
green above, dull green below, the base cuneately narrowed with
short peduncle or sessile. Pollen cones solitary, axillary, sessile,
up to 1 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. Microsporophylls with scarious
upturned tips. Seeds 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, beak crested.
772
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui',
alt. 1700-1800 m., Steyermark 59715 (F, 111); Steyermark 59716 (F,
type, 111).
Explanation of Figure 7.
Podocarpus tepuiensis
Steyermark 59716
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 773
TYPHACEAE
ANDES
Typha domingensis Pers.
ME RID A: swamp, in forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above
La Azulita, alt. 1310-1340 m., '56081.
In the "Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana" three species of Typha
are given: T. angustifolia L., T. domingensis Pers., and T. latifolia
L. It is probable that all three refer to one and the same species,
T. domingensis. As Fernald has shown, many specimens of T.
latifolia and T. angustifolia from South America in the Gray Herbar-
ium are misidentified T. truxillensis (- domingensis). In the Her-
barium of the Chicago Natural History Museum, this likewise is the
situation, not only in South American, but in Central American
material as well.
NAJADACEAE
RORAIMA
Najas conferta R. fir.
BOLIVAR: shallow water of slow stream, Gran Sabana, between
Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m> 59164. A dark green aquatic herb.
Previously unrecorded from Venezuela.
ALISMACEAE
RORAIMA
Sagittaria pugioniformis L.
BOLIVAR: meander between Rio Kukenan and Divina Pastora,
Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Santa Elena, south
of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59258. An aquatic herb with showy
white petals, 3 cm. long. The brick-brown stems are submerged
about half their length in 2-3 feet of water. The lower half of the
leaves is submerged, while the upper half protrudes above the sur-
face of the water. First record for Venezuela.
GRAMINEAE 48
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Aristida tincta Trin. & Rupr.
Esmeralda Savanna, alt. 150 m., 57770. Colombia to Peru, Suri-
nam, and Brazil.
By Jason R. Swallen
774 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Chloris mollis (Nees) Swallen.
Woodland between Esmeralda Savanna and Cerro Duida, alt. 200
m., 57792 b.
Thrasya petrosa (Trin.) Chase.
Sabana Grande, alt. 200 m., 57859. Guatemala; Panama to Peru,
Brazil, and Paraguay.
Mesosetum rottboelioides (H.B.K.) Hitchc.
Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58491. Venezuela, British Guiana, and
northern Brazil.
Axonopus affinis Chase.
Esmeralda Savanna, near Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57773.
Southeastern United States and the West Indies to Ecuador and
Argentina.
Axonopus aureus Beauv.
Esmeralda Savanna, near Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57769. Brit-
ish Honduras and the West Indies to Bolivia and Brazil.
P asp alum hyalinum Nees.
Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58479. Venezuela and Brazil.
Panic urn Kappleri Steud.
Swampy rills in savanna, between Esmeralda Savanna and Cerro
Duida, alt. 200 m., 57830. Venezuela and Surinam.
Panicuni cyanescens Nees.
Leaves blue green, swampy savanna between Esmeralda Savanna
and Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57802; savanna, between Esmeralda
Ridge and Sabana de Arboles, alt. 200 m., 57783. Venezuela to
Bolivia and Brazil.
Panicuni Rudgei Roem. & Schult.
In clump 3 ft. tall, woodland, between Esmeralda Savanna and
Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57791. Colombia to Bolivia, French Guiana,
and Brazil.
Ichnanthus panicoides Beauv.
Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), alt. 225 m., 57945. Colom-
bia to French Guiana and northern Brazil; Peru.
Olyra micrantha H.B.K.
Culms erect, 3 ft. tall, leaves gray green below, forest along Cano
Negro, alt. 260 m., 58075. Colombia to Surinam, Bolivia,
and Paraguay.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 775
Olyra longifolia H.B.K.
Culms 10 ft. tall, leaves gray green below, grass green above,
along Orinoco River, at mouth of Rio Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58431.
Colombia to Peru, Surinam, and northern Brazil.
Raddiella nana (Doell) Swallen.
In shade of boulders, Esmeralda Ridge, alt. 150 m., 57732. Trini-
dad; Venezuela to Surinam and northern Brazil.
Pariana vulgaris Tutin.
Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), alt. 215 ro 57914. Vene-
zuela, Peru, British Guiana, and northern Brazil.
Pharus virescens Doell.
Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), alt. 215 m., 57922. Domini-
can Republic; Guatemala to Brazil and Peru.
Trachypogon ligularis Nees.
Sabana Grande, alt. 200 m., 57858. Colombia, Venezuela, and
Brazil.
Tripsacum australe Cutler and Anders.
"Cano bravo," forming dense thickets, the culms 10 ft. tall, de-
cumbent at base, between Sabana Grande and Cerro Duida, alt. 200
m., 57875. Colombia to British Guiana, Bolivia, and Paraguay.
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Arthrostylidium sp.
Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58293;
sterile, no culm sheaths.
Arthrostylidium sp.
In slightly more moist wooded thickets, Brocchinia Hills, summit
of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58155; sterile, no culm sheaths.
Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase.
Common, Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200
m., 58257. Colombia to British Guiana and Brazil.
Panicum curvifolium Swallen.
Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58226a.
Described from Mount Duida; previously known only from the type.
Panicum polycomum Trin.
Summit of Cerro Duida, along rocky banks of Cano Negro, between
Brocchinia Hills and Savanna Hills, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58206. Co-
lombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, and Brazil.
776 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Raddiella nana (Doell) Swallen.
Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58281.
RORAIMA
Chusquea linearis N. E. Brown.
Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt.
2040-2140 m., 58690; summit, on northwest portion north and north-
west of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58814; both sterile, no
culm sheaths.
Arthrostylidium sp.
On southwest-facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100-2620 m., 58920;
sterile, no culm sheaths.
Cortaderia columbiana (Pilger) Pilger.
Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m.,
58726.
Cortaderia roraimensis (N. E. Brown) Pilger.
Common on morros on exposed flat rocky surfaces, on northwest
portion of summit north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-
2740 m., 58851. Known only from Mount Roraima and Mount
Ptari-tepvu.
Aristida recurvata HBK.
Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora
on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.
1065 ni., 59249a; southwest-facing slopes of Mount Roraima between
base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt.
1220-1980 m., 59025. British Honduras; Panama; Colombia to British
Guiana and Brazil.
Aristida rip aria Trin.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59215. Venezuela to Paraguay;
Bolivia.
Aristida tincta Trin.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru', in valley of Rio
Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59079. Colom-
bia to Peru, Surinam, and Brazil.
Aristida Pittieri Henr.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59167. Colombia to British Guiana.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 777
Sporobolus cubensis Hitchc.
Dry burned areas, Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-pani,
in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220
m., 59046. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Colombia and
British Guiana; Brazil (Matto Grosso); Bolivia.
Gymnopogon foliosus (Willd.) Nees.
Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru
and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59203. West Indies; Venezuela to
Surinam and Brazil; Peru.
Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl.
On sandstone bluffs of Roraima, between Rondon Camp and base
of bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58995. Mexico to Bolivia.
Luziola bahiensis (Steud.) Hitchc.
In water of wooded quebrada, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at
Rue-meni and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena,
south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59219. Alabama, Cuba, Vene-
zuela, and Brazil.
Arundinella hispida (D.C.) Kuntze.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59132; forested southwest-facing que-
brada near Rondon Camp, on slopes of Roraima, alt. 2040 m., 58664.
Panama to Argentina.
Leptocorypheum lanatum (H.B.K.) Nees.
Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa
Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59301. Mexico
and the West Indies to Argentina.
Thrasya petrosa (Trin.) Chase.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio
Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59058. Guate-
mala; Panama to Peru, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase.
Common, Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley
of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59040.
Colombia to British Guiana and Brazil.
Axonopus caulescens (Mez) Henr.
Forested southwest-facing quebrada on Mount Roraima near Rondo'n
Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58653; same locality, alt. ;2040-2130 m., 58696.
Surinam and Venezuela.
778 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Axonopus kaietukensis S wall en.
Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora
on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.
1065 m., 59242. British Guiana (Kaieteur Savannas [type]), and
Venezuela.
Paspalum contractum Pilger.
Southwest-facing slopes of Mount Roraima between base of moun-
tain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m.,
59024. Colombia to British Guiana and northern Brazil.
Paspalum pectinatum Nees.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, tributary of
Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59150. Mexico
(Oaxaca) to Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil.
Paspalum hyalinum Nees.
Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru
and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59157. Venezuela and Brazil.
Paspalum gossipinum Mez.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, (tributary
of Rib Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59145.
Venezuela and Brazil.
Panicum stenodoides F. T. Hubb.
Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan and Santa
Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915'1005 m., 59273. Britisli
Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad, Venezuela, and Brazil.
Panicum Rudgei Roem. & Schult.
Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru anid Divina Pastora
on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.
1065 nu, 59249. Colombia to Bolivia, French Guiana, and Brazil.
Panicum parvifolium Lam.
Culms in dense colonies, ascending, Gran Sabana, between
Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount
Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59275.
Panicum Kappleri Steud.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru' in valley of Rib
Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59081. Vene-
zuela and Surinam.
Panicum cyanescens Nees.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru in valley of Rib
Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59077;
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 779
southwest-facing slopes of Roraima, Glycon Swamp and vicinity,
alt. 1830-1920 m., 58643. Venezuela to Bolivia and Brazil.
Panicum eligulatum N. . Brown.
Common on exposed flat rocky slopes, in colonies, on northwest
portion of summit, north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-
2740 m., 58856. Described from Mount Roraima. Previously known
only from the type collection.
Panicum olyroides H.B.K.
Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora
on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.
1065 m., 59240.
Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro.
Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora
on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.
1065 m., 59232. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.
Isachne ligulata Swallen.
In colonies, forested south west- facing slopes of Roraima between
Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 59009;
forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040
m., 58656. Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
Olyra micrantha H.B.K.
Along wooded quebrada, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-
meru and Divina Pastora on Rib Kukena'n north of Santa Elena, south
of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59224. Colombia to Surinam, Bolivia,
and Paraguay.
Raddiella nana (Doell) Swallen.
Between base of Roraima at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon
Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59018. Trinidad; Venezuela to Surinam
and northern Brazil.
Eriochrysis cayennensis Beauv.
"Cari-yarena." Southwest-facing slopes, Glycon Swamp and
vicinity, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58641. Southern Mexico and the West
Indies to Uruguay.
Ischaemum latifolium (Spreng.) Kunth.
Southwest-facing slopes, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, alt. 1830-
1920 m., 58626. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Ecuador
and Brazil.
Trachypogon ligularis Nees.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio
Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59059. Colom-
bia, Venezuela, and Brazil.
780 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Trachypogon vestitus Anders.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59147. Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil,
and Peru.
Elionurus adustus (Trin.) Ekman.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in vall.ey of Rib
Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59061, 59100.
Colombia to British Guiana and Argentina; Bolivia.
Andropogon tener (Nees) Kunth.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio
Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59055;
southwest-facing slopes between base of Roraima at Quebrada
Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59020, 59035,
59036. Southeastern United States and the West Indies to Argentina.
Andropogon hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio
Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065*1220 m., 59116. South-
ern United States and the West Indies to Paraguay and Brazil.
Andropogon semiberbis (Nees) Kunth.
Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora
on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.
1065 m., 59241. Florida, the West Indies, and eastern Mexico to
Ecuador and Argentina.
Andropogon virgatus L.
Southwest-facing slopes between base of Roraima at Quebrada
Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59013. The West
Indies and Costa Rica to Brazil.
Andropogon bicornis L.
Southwest-facing slopes between base of Roraima at Quebrada
Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59012. Southern
Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina.
Andropogon leucostachyus H.B.K.
Along streamlet, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59133; between Kun and Uaduara-panf,
in valley of Rib Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065*1220
m., 59045. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.
Hyparrhenia bracteata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Stapf.
Common, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina
Pastora on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima,
alt. 1065 m., 59243. Southern Mexico to Bolivia and Paraguay.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 781
PTARI-TEPUI
Arthrostylidium sp.
Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,
along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," observed from above
camp site to base of bluffs and on bluffs proper, alt. 1810-2100 m.,
59525; sterile, no culm sheaths; summit of Carrao-tepui', alt. 2470-
2500 m., 60906, also sterile, is believed to be conspecific.
Arthrostylidium sp.
On densely wooded slopes of narrow ridge between quebrada and
summit, Sororopan-tepuT, alt. 2100-2200 m., 60182, "common";
sterile, no culm sheaths.
? Arthrostylidium sp.
Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja,
alt. 1220 m., 60759; sterile, no culm sheaths.
Chusquea linearis N. E. Brown.
Ptari-tepui', along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt.
2410-2450 m., 59955; summit of Carrao-tepui, alt. 2400-2470 m.,
60905; both sterile, no culm sheaths.
Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) Beauv.
"Peurauyek" (Indian); "Veroz" (Spanish); the stem is used for
arrows, the arrow part called "peurau"; lower portion of Quebrada
O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kava-
nayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60586. Southern Mexico and the West Indies
to Paraguay.
Cortaderia roraimensis (N. E. Brown) Pilger.
On moist face of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, Ptari-tepui,
alt. ;2400-2410 m., 59608. Previously known only from the type col-
lection from Mount Roraima.
Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl.
Rocky hematite, open slopes, Sororopan-tepui', alt. 2225*2255 m.,
60077. Mexico to Bolivia.
Arundinella hispida (D.C.) Kuntze.
Rocky hematite, summit of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225*2255 nu>
60074. Panama to Argentina.
Luziola bahiensis (Steud.) Hitchc.
Rocky stream bank, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rib
Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kava-
naye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60492. Alabama, Cuba, Venezuela, and Brazil.
782 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Leptocorypheum lanatum (H.B.K.) Nees.
Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60315. Mexico
and the West Indies to Argentina.
Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase.
Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent
to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepuf,
alt. 1600 m., 59666; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa be-
tween Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1615 m.," 60246. Colombia
to British Guiana and Brazil.
Thrasya robusta Hitchc. & Chase.
"Wiri-yu." Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rib
Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915*1065 m.,
60575. Trinidad, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Thrasya trinitensis Mez.
Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60314. Trinidad,
British Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, and northern Brazil.
Mesosetum rottboelioides (H.B.K.) Hitchc.
Savanna bordering forest of Rib Karuai, between Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60332. Vene-
zuela, British Guiana and northern Brazil.
Axonopus caulescens (Mez) Henr.
By edge of waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of
Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1616 m., 60207. Surinam (Table Mountain) and
Venezuela. Described from Mount Roraima.
Hasp alum decumbens Swartz.
On moist rocky banks, Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao,
about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt.
1220 m., 60501; rocky stream bank on densely forested slopes of
Ptari-tepui' along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below
"Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59455. Guatemala and the West
Indies to Brazil and Bolivia.
Paspalum hyalinum Nees.
Savanna bordering forest of Ri'o Karuai, between Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60313. Vene-
zuela and Brazil.
Panicum poly co mum Trin.
Wet sandy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Tere-
sita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rib Karuai, on large mesa, alt.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 783
1220 m., 59346. Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana and northern
Brazil.
Panicum cyanescens Nees.
Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-
1220 m., 60362. Venezuela to Bolivia and Brazil.
Panicum Tatei Swallen.
(P. tropidoblephare Tutin).
Wet sandy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Tere-
sita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220
m., 59343; Ptari-tepui, sandy and rocky sandstone exposures, on
level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-
facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59669. The latter specimen differs
from the preceding and also from the type of P. Tatei in having
rather densely hairy foliage. Specimens collected from the Kaieteur
Savannas, British Guiana, are intermediate, the leaves being hairy
only toward the summit of the sheaths and at the base of the blade.
Panicum glutinosum Swart z.
Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao,
below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915*1065 m 60529. Colom-
bia to Bolivia and Argentina.
Panicum pantricum Hack.
Sprawling, ascending, in dense colonies, Ptari-tepui, along base
of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59906. Panama
to Brazil.
Panicum pandum Swallen.
Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, be-
tween Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui', alt.
1220 m., 60327a. Previously known only from the type collection
from Mount Auyan-tepui.
Ichnanthus axillaris (Nees) Hitchc. & Chase.
Edge of conuco, lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of
Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915'1065 m.,
60547. Guatemala and the West Indies to Ecuador and Brazil.
Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro.
Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes along fastrrunning
stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt.
1500 m., 59432. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.
Ichnanthus tenuis (Presl) Hitchc. & Chase.
Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen and Rib Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-
784 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
1220 m., 60429. British Honduras and Trinidad to Colombia and
Brazil.
Isachne ligulata Swallen.
Crest of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2255 m*,60107a. Colombia, Ecuador,
and Venezuela.
Olyra lateralis (Presl) Chase.
"Wanak," Indian name for grass thatch in general; by waterfall,
swampy savanna between Rio Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima along
Rib Karuai, at south-western base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60705;
margin of woods bordering savanna, Gran Sabana, between Mission
of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Ri'o Karuai, alt. 1220
m., 59380. Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, Peru, and Bolivia.
Erianthus asper Nees.
Along woods in draw, summit of Sororopah-tepui', alt. 2225'2255
m., 60084. Venezuela, -Brazil and Argentina (Missiones).
Andropogon tener (Nees) Kunth.
Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60318. South-
eastern United States and the West Indies to Argentina.
Andropogon virgatus L.
Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita
de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60319. South-
eastern United States and the West Indies to Argentina.
Andropogon bicornis L.
Crest of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2255 m.,_ 60128. Southern Mexico
and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina.
Andropogon leucostachyus H.B.K.
Dry savanna, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m. ,
59384. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.
Trachypogon ligularis Nees.
Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent
to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepuf,
alt. 1600 m., 59667. Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Arthrostylidium Trinii Rupr.
ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering
tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m.,
61115, 61116; both in flower, but lacking culm sheaths.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 785
Arthrostylidium sp.
ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed
shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia
(Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,
east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61633; sterile, no culm sheaths.
Chusquea Fendleri Munro.
ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed
shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia
(Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,
east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61635; in flower, but lacking
culm sheaths.
Streptochaeta spicata Schrad.
"Carrizillo." ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La
Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt.
800-1100 m., 61087. Guatemala and Trinidad to Ecuador and Brazil.
Brachypodium mexicanum Link.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-
dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62489. Mexico to
Bolivia.
Eragrostis domingensis (Presl) Steud.
SUCRE: along lagoon below coconut trees, valley of Bordones,
southwest of Cumaria, 0-10 m., 62889. The West Indies and south-
eastern Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela.
Streptogyne crinita Beauv.
SUCRE: along stream in shade, southern slopes of Cerro Imposible,
between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible,
alt. 140-220 m., 62845. Mexico (Vera Cruz) and Trinidad to northern
Brazil.
Zeugites mexicana (Kunth) Trin.
ANZOATEGUI: steep forested slopes above headwaters of Que-
brada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Berganti'n and Cerro Peom'a
(Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1700 m., 61554. Southern Mexico to
Bolivia.
Trisetum irazuense (Kunth) Hitchc.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-
dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62488. MONAGAS:
Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe,
alt. 1500-2180 m., 62083. Mexico to Ecuador.
Agrostis Humboldtiana Steud.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern
786 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
peak, alt. 2500 m., 62608; moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge
connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt.
2200 m., 62630; in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western
extension of southern peak of Cerro Tururaiquire), and Cerro de
Neverf, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62710.
Colombia to Venezuela and Bolivia.
Calamagrostis Pittieri Hack.
ANZOATEGUI: along crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro
Peonfa (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan-
tiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61654. SUCRE: Cerro
Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of
sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62599. Colombia
and Venezuela.
Pereilema Beyrichianum (Kunth) Hitchc.
"Sabisoro montanera." ANZOATEGUI: along ledges of bluffs,
by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with
Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 400-500 m., 61198.
Venezuela, Ecuador, and Brazil.
Sporobolus cubensis Hitchc.
SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar,
alt. 820 m., 62389. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil
and Bolivia.
Aristida cogrtata Trin. & Rupr.
SUCRE: dry rocky chaparral near Quetepe, between kms. 18-20,
east of Cumana, alt. 30 m., 62879. Venezuela.
Aristida setifolia H.B.K.
SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol-
lar, alt. 820 m., 62388. Venezuela and northern Brazil.
Stipa ichu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth.
MONAGAS: common on boulders, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana
de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62054. Mex-
ico to Argentina.
Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl.
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras north-
west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62088. Mexico to Bolivia.
Arundinella hispida (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kuntze.
MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras
and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61821.
Panama to Argentina.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 787
Trichachne sacchariflora (Raddl) Chase.
SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol-
lar, alt. 820 m., 62395. Venezuela to Peru and Argentina.
Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees.
SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco
along headwaters of Rio Manzanares, along highway between
Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62412. Texas to Florida;
Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.
Digitaria horizontals Willd.
MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras
and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61828.
Throughout tropical and subtropical regions.
P asp alum plicatuluni var. longipilum Hack.
MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras
and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61826.
Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil.
Panicum glutinosum Swartz.
MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras
and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61827.
Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.
Panicum Sellowii Nees.
MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras
and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61825.
Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay.
Panicum tremulosum Mez.
ANZOATEGUI: along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit,
Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib
Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61643. Venezuela.
Ichnanthus tenuis (Presl) Hitchc.
ANZOATEGUI: along Ri'o Zumbador and tributary, near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61328.
British Honduras and Trinidad to Colombia and Brazil.
Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro.
"Cuerda de pipe." ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rib Leon by
Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt.
500 m., 61032. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.
Lasiacis procerrima (Hack.) Hitchc.
"Pito-pito." ANZOATEGUI: edge of conuco, Cerro La Danta,
bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100
m., 61115. Mexico to Peru.
788 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv.) Hitchc. & Chase.
MONAGAS: brushy open slopes of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona
Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 900 m., 61869.
Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina.
Isachne rigens (Swartz) Trin.
ANZOATEGUI: on rocky exposed portion of knife-edge ridge above
tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, head-
waters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantih, alt. 1800-2000 m.,
61601a. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of
broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern
peak, alt. 2200 m., 62659. Jamaica, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv.
"Paja del Rio." ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tribu-
tary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-
1000 m., 61272, 61291. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.
Olyra cordifolia H.B.K.
"Carrizilla." ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La
Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leo'n, northeast of Bergantfn, alt.
800-1100 m., 61101. Southern Mexico to British Guiana and northern
Brazil; Peru.
Pharus parvifolius Nash.
MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,
tributary to Rib Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between
Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62181. Mexico and the West
Indies to Brazil.
Pharus glaber H.B.K.
ANZOATEGUI: between Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos) and Cerro
Negro, east of Bergantfn, alt. 900-1600 m., 61706. Mexico and the
West Indies to Brazil.
Pharus latifolius L.
"Botoncillo." ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary,
near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000
m., 61270. British Honduras and the West Indies to Peru and Brazil.
Eriochrysis cayennensis Beauv.
SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western ex-
tension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), and Cerro de Neverf,
along headwaters of Rfo de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62724. Southern
Mexico and the West Indies to Uruguay.
Elyonurus adustus (Trin.) Ekra.
"Cabezona." SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 789
valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62385. Colombia to British Guiana,
Bolivia, and Argentina.
Andropogon tener (Nees) Kunth.
ANZOATEGUI: on rocky exposed portion of knife-edge ridge
above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,
headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 1800-2000
m., 61637. SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo
(western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), and
Cerro de Neveri', along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m.,
62723. Southeastern United States and the West Indies to
Argentina.
Andropogon condensatus var. panic ulatus (Kunth) Hack.
SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol-
lar, alt. 820 m., 62394. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.
Andropogon bicornis L.
SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western ex-
tension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neven,
along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62729. ANZOA-
TEGUI: along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro
Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manan-
tiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61642. Southern Mexico and
the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina.
Andropogon leucostachys H.B.K.
SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar,
alt. 820 m., 62393; in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (west-
ern extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de
Neveri, along headwaters of Rib de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62714.
Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.
Hyparrhenia bracteata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Stapf.
MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras
and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61815.
Mexico to Paraguay.
Tripsacum latifolium Hitchc.
"Guatemala." "Pasto Cubano." MONAGAS: planted as forage,
along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on
property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m.,
61963. Southern Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies.
790 FEELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
CYPERACEAE
Tribe CYPEREAE
RORAIMA
Cyperus digitatus Roxb.
BOLIVAR: along rocky cascades of Ri'o Upata, west of Upata,
alt. 500 m., 57553. Previously unrecorded from Venezuela.
PTARI-TEPuf
Cyperus Haspan L., subsp. juncoides (Lam.) Kuk.
BOLIVAR: by fast water in savanna and shrubby growth bordering
forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base
of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 603 34 a.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Cyperus laevigatus L.
SUCRE: creeping at hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan
and Cumana, southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 62858. Previously
unrecorded from Venezuela.
Cyperus oxlepis Nees.
SUCRE: around airport at Cumana, alt. 5 m., 57653.
Tribe SCIRPEAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Bulbostylis aturensis (Maury) C. B. Clarke.
Moist pockets in rocks, vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo,
tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58495. This diminutive
species was originally collected in the vicinity of Atures on the
Orinoco River by Maury, and described by him in 1889 as a new
species of Scirpus. The present collection, just south of the type
locality, is the second one known.
Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth.
Dry gravelly open place in savanna between Esmeralda Ridge and
Sabana de Arboles, southeast of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57785.
Bulbostylis leucostachya (H.B.K.) Kunth.
Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rib Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco
River, alt. 100 m., 58477.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 791
Eleocharis a(f. subfoliata Clarke. 48a
On moist banks along Rio Sanariapo, 58492. Eleocharis subfoliata
is an aquatic species known from Brazil and British Guiana.
RORAIMA
Bulbostylis junciformis (H.B.K.) Lindm.
Southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada
Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 5902 2a.
Eleocharis capillacea Kunth. 48b
Swampy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib
Kukenah and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m.,
59261 and 59281. A creeping plant with black achenes, known pre-
viously only from southern Brazil and Paraguay.
48c
Eleocharis squamigera Svenson.
Mount Roraima, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondo'n
Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58985. Known
previously only from Jaguarihyna, Parana, Brazil. The markings are
less prominent than in the original collection (cf. Rhodora, pi. 320,
fig- 8).
PTARI -TEPUl'
Eleocharis filiculmis Kunth. 48d
Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms.
east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m.,
60507. Cespitose, with trigonous white to brown achenes. Mexico
to Argentina.
Eleocharis pachystyla (C. Wright) Clarke. 48 *
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rib
Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59048. A
coarse species with obovate heads, known from Cuba to Colombia.
This collection has many of the achenes somewhat flattened rather
than trigonous; some of the styles are correspondingly bifid.
48a By H. K. Svenson ^By H. K. Svenson
^kfiy H. K. Svenson ^By H. K. Svenson
48c By H. K. Svenson
792 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kuntb.
SUCRE: on ledge east of Boquefon, Cerro Turumiquire, between
eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered
knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62681.
A of
Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urban.
SUCRE: in mats along stream, headwaters of Rio de Amana, in
valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of south-
ern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neveri', alt. 2000 m.,
62746. A creeping plant with lenticular brown achenes. Southern
United States to Brazil.
Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl.
SUCRE: in dense tufts along lagoon below coconut trees, sand
dunes and flats in valley of Bordones, southwest of Cumana, alt.
0-10 m., 62890.
ANDES
Scirpus inundatus (R. Br.) Poir.
TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10
kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57337. Both genus and
species previously unrecorded from Venezuela.
Eleocharis stenocarpa Svenson. *
ME RID A: on spongy ground in open swamps above La Carbonera,
alt. ;2430 m., 56007. A coarse representative of the Acicularis group
restricted to mountains of Venezuela and northern Colombia.
Tribe RHYNCHOSPOREAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Rhynchospora graminea Uitten.
Savanna between Esmeralda Ridge and Sabana de Arboles, south-
east of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57781. A species previously
reported as confined to the Guianas, this is its first record for
Venezuela.
By H. K. Svenson
^By H. K. Svenson
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 793
Rhynchospora longispicata Boeckl.
Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco
River, alt. 100 m., 58480. Previously unrecorded from Venezuela.
Rhynchospora prolifera (Nees) Clarke.
En los pozos sobre lajas graniticas, margen del Cano Temi, Ya-
vita, alt. 127 m., L. Williams 14055; boca del Cano Ichana, Bajo
Cano San Miguel, Rio Guainia, alt. 125 m., L. Williams 14892; en
los sitios rocosos en la margen del Cano Durotomoni, Alto Casi-
quiare, alt. 120 m., L. Williams 15519. This species, originally
found in the Guianas, has not been reported hitherto from Venezuela.
Rhynchospora tenuis Link.
Overflowed savanna, vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo,
tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58484.
Dichromena monostachya (Boeckl.) C. B. Clarke.
This tiny plant growing in clumps with soft dull green leaves, and
whitish heads of flowers, is reminescent in habit of some of the
Eriocaulaceae. Near Orinoco River, between Esmeralda and Esmer-
alda Ridge, in Esmeralda Savanna, alt. 150 m., 57775. Previously
unrecorded for Venezuela, although known from Brazil, eastern
Colombia, and British Guiana.
RORAIMA
Rhynchospora albo-marginata Kukenthal.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59151. Originally collected by Ule on
the Rio Branco, Amazonas, Brazil, this is apparently the second
record for the species, and the first for Venezuela.
Rhynchospora aristata Boeckeler.
(R. immensa Kuk. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 56. Beibl. 125: 17-18. 1921>
Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, Mount
Roraima, alt. 2040 m., 58665. This plant matches Kukenthal's
description of R. immensa, based on Ule 8541 from the forests of
Roraima at an elevation of 1400 meters. The present collection was
taken at 2040 meters near the base of the high line of sandstone
bluffs. Apparently R. immensa is synonymous with R. aristata,
since the two do not appear to be separable.
Since the leaves of R. immensa were not adequately described in
the original description, an emended description of them, based upon
Steyermark 58665 is given: culmus 1 m. altus foliatus; foliis anguste
lineari-lanceolatis, 35-55 cm. longis, 1.5 cm. latis, marginibus et
infra costa scabridulis; vaginis 8-8.5 cm. longis, 8 mm. in diametro
glabris praeter pilos adpressos paucos prope ore concavo.
794 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl) Kunth.
Collected at various stations on the slopes of Roraima: forested
south west- facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58652a;
southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada
Ka-hua-pani and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59011 and 59027.
Of wide distribution in tropical America, extending from Panama and
the West Indies to Brazil.
Rhynchospora brevirostris Griseb.
Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa
Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59299. Previously
unrecorded for Venezuela.
Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio
Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59088. Not
previously recorded for Venezuela.
Rhynchospora hirsuta Vahl.
Swampy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio
Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005
m., 59259.
Rhynchospora leptostachya Boeckl.
Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, Mount
Roraima, alt. 2040 m., 58646. Previously known from Venezuela on
the basis of 1m Thurn 253 from Mount Roraima, where it was collected
about 200 meters lower elevation.
Rhynchospora longispicata Boeckl.
Swampy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio
Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915*1005
m., 59269. Previously unrecorded for Venezuela.
Rhynchospora Marisculus Lindl. & Nees.
Locally called "maican." Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-
facing slopes, Mount Roraima, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58627. Previously
unreported from Venezuela, this species has been confused with
R. rugosa (T. glauca), a species having a deltoid tubercle, equalled
or slightly exceeded by the bristles, and corrugate achenes, whereas
in R. Marisculus the tubercle is deltoid-attenuate, well exceeded by
the bristles, and the achenes are nearly smooth or transversely
rugose and finely striate.
Rhynchospora nardifolia (Nees) Boeckl.
South west- facing slopes between base of Mount Roraima at Que-
brada Ka-hua-paru* and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59019;
[ BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 795
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59166. New to Venezuela.
Rhynchospora roraimae Kukenthal.
A small tufted plant with wiry culms, found in wet situations on
both the northern and southern half of the summit. Shallow water in
Central Swamp, on southern half of the summit, alt. 2700 m., 58902;
wet depressions in rocks at top of morros, on northwest portion north
and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58852.
Im Thurn 253 from Roraima, identified by Ridley as R. capillacea
Torr. in Oliver's Botany of the Roraima Expedition of 1884, p. 287,
is actually R. roraimae Kuk. In the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana,
P. 127, R. capillacea is included on the basis of this Im Thum col-
lection, while R. roraimae is omitted. As indicated, however, Im
Thurn 's collection was misidentified, and should be referred to R.
roraimae.
Rhynchospora nigosa (Vahl) Gale, in Rhodora 45: 275-278. 1944.
In the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, vol. l, p. 128, in Las
Ciperaceas del Herbario Nacional de Venezuela, p. 67, and in
Oliver's Botany of the Roraima Expedition of 1884, p. 287, the name
R. glauca Vahl is used. As Dr. Shirley Gale (Mrs. Chester E. Cross)
has shown, however, the proper combination for this species is R.
rugosa, based upon Schoenus rugosus Vahl, 1798. Collections of
this species were taken from the lower slopes of Roraima (south west-
facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru'
and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1333-1630 m., 59022), and from the Gran
Sabana at a lower elevation (Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-
paru, in valley of Ri'o Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-
1220 m., 59039).
PTARI-TEPUI
Rhynchospora arenicola Uitt.
Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent
to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600
m., 59668. Previously known only from Surinam and British Guiana.
This species is described as having leaves 2-3 mm - wide, but the
Venezuelan collection cited above has narrower leaves only 1-1.5
mm. wide with involute margins.
Rhynchospora cephalotes Vahl.
Common ground cover, Ptari-tepui, forest between base of cerro
and Ri'o Karuai, alt. 1250 m., 59412; by fast water bordering forest
of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of
Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60333.
796 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Rhynchospora curvula Griseb.
Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, be-
tween Santa Teresita de Kavanayeh and base of Ptari-tepui, alt.
1220 m., 60343. Previously known only from Surinam, British
Guiana, and Trinidad.
Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth.
Locally called "sara-warei-yek, " this species grows here in
clumps with erect stems over a meter tall. Upper drier portion of
forest below mesa, on wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, be-
tween Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rfo Pacairao, a^lt. 1065*
1220 m., 60363. Previously unreported from Venezuela.
Rhynchospora Marisculus Nees.
Stems in clumps nearly a meter tall, in swampy places by stream-
let, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro, alt. 2255 m., 60146 and 60115.
Rhynchospora nardifolia (Nees) Boeckl.
Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level
ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing
slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59663.
Rhynchospora polyphylla Vahl.
On moist spots of hematite outcrops, Sororopa'n-tepui', crest of
cerro, alt. 2255 m., 60132.
Rhynchospora Ruiziana Boeckeler.
On dripping boulders and base of east-facing high sandstone
bluffs, Ptari-tepm, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59940. Previously unre-
corded from Venezuela.
Dichromena rigidifolia Gilly, in Gleason & Killip, Brittonia 3: 154.
1939.
Dry sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on
plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600
m. , 59659. Also known from Auyan-tepui', Cerro Yavi', and Cerro
Duida.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Rhynchospora aristata Boeckl.
MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras
and Ce^o Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 12,00-1500 m., 61828.
ANZOATEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south-
west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61482a; cloud forest on wooded
summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, head-
waters of Ri'o Manantiales, east of Bergantm, alt. 2350 m., 61696.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 797
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad
ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak,
alt. 2200 m., 62629. Previously unknown this far east in Venezuela.
Rhynchospora Gollmeri Boeckl.
ANZOATEGUI: dried-up sphagnum bog, cloud forest on wooded
summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, head-
waters of Ri'o Manantiales, east of Berganti'n, alt. 2350 m., 61669.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak,
alt. 2500 m., 62607.
This rare species was originally collected by Gollmer in the
vicinity of Caracas and described by Boeckeler in Linnaea, vol. 37,
p. 556 (1871-73). It has apparently not been re-collected since
until the present collections. It is only listed as a species in the
"Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana," without citation of any col-
lection. Steyermark 55628, collected in the Distrito Federal, on
the Paramo de Cie'nega, in the Cordillera del Avila, between Los
Venados and Pico Oriental, is near the type locality in the vicinity
of Caracas. The collections cited above (61669 and 62607) repre-
sent the easternmost known stations for this species, while Steyer-
mark 57203 from the state of Tachira near the Colombian border
(swampy meadow in Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, alt. 2500
m.), represents the westernmost known limit.
Rhynchospora tenerrima Boeckl., 1871-73? not R. tenerrima Spreng.
is synonymous with R. Gollmeri. The latter was published on p.
556 of Linnaea, vol. 37, while R. tenerrima Boeckl. was published
on p. 554 of the same volume. Although R. tenerrima Boeckl. has
priority of page publication, it is invalidated by the earlier published
R. tenerrima Spreng., leaving R. Gollmeri as the first available name
for the species.
Rhynchospora polyphylla Vahl.
Local name "cortadero." ANZOATEGUI: in dense tufts along
bluffs along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca,
northeast of Bergantm, alt. 800-1000 m., 61293.
Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale.
(R. glauca Vahl).
SUCRE: swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing
headwaters of Rib Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000
m., 62699. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las
Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m.,
61805.
Dichromena ciliata Vahl.
SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol-
lar, alt. 820 m., 62367.
798 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS
Rhynchospora rudis C. B. Clarke.
Apparently a rare species, originally collected by Fendler at
Colonia Tovar in the state of Aragua. A recent collection, Steyer-
mark 56908, was taken in the Distrito Federal (between Los Vena-
dos and Guayabo Mocho, Cordillera del Avila, alt. 1765 m.) and was
noted to be over a meter tall with dark blue-green leaves.
Tribe HYPOLYTREAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Diplasia karatae folia L. C. Rich.
First woodland between Esmeralda Ridge and swampy savanna,
between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of cerro, alt.
200 m., 57797.
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Diplasia karataefolia L. C. Rich.
Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of CarTo
Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57956.
Hypolytrum pulchrum (Rudge) Pfeiffer.
Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58271.
RORAIMA
Hypolytrum pulchrum (Rudge) Pfeiffer.
Rather common in the Gran Sabana south of the mountain as well
as on its lower slopes. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-
paru, in valley of Rio Kukerian, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-
1220 m., 59083 and 59089a; Mount Roraima, southwest-facing slopes
between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon
swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59021. This last collection (59021) and
58271 from the summit of Duida differ from typical H. pulchrum in
their narrower leaves (5-6 mm. wide or less), and branched inflores-
cences with shorter more ovoid spikes. The branched inflorescences
of 59021 and 58271 resemble H. rigens Nees of Brazil, which is
considered by many authors synonymous with H. pulchrum. However,
the difference in appearance is quite marked in those inflorescences
with narrowly cylindrical spikes, such as is considered typical in
H. pulchrum, and in those having capitate or subcapitate inflores-
cences with shorter more ovoid spikes, as are found in 59021 and
58277.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 799
Lipocarpha Sellowiana Kunth.
(Ascolepis venezuelensis Schnee, in Bol. Soc. Ven. 9, no. 57:
5-6. 1943).
Moist sandy openings along small stream in savanna, between
Ciudad Bolivar and Rio Carorii, alt. 100 m., 57567. The obovate
glumes, which are truncate and mucronate at apex, and the ^oblong-
lanceolate achenes, used as key characters by Schnee ^f or his
Ascolepis venezuelensis, together with his plate, show, without
any doubt, that this is the same species as what is passing as
Lipocarpha Sellowiana Kunth. The latter has the glumes obovate-
cuneiform, dilated trilobed-cuspidate at the apex, many-nerved, and
more or less purple-lined.
There is some question about the proper use of the name Lipo-
carpha Sellowiana. Probably both L. Sellowiana and L. Humboldt-
iana Nees are identical. The latter was used by Nees as a new
name to replace Hypolytrum argenteum H.B.K. (1815), based on a
Humboldt and Bonpland plant found in the Upper Orinoco. Boeckeler
in 1871 took up Hypolytrum argenteum and transferred it to Lipo-
carpha. It is not certain, however, whether L. argentea is con-
specific with L. Sellowiana and L. Humboldtiana. If it is, then
Lipocarpha argentea (H.B.K.) Boeckl. becomes the name of the
plant now passing as L. Sellowiana and L. Humboldtiana. Until a
more careful study has been made between these species, the name
L. Sellowiana is being retained at present.
Ascolepis brasiliensis (Kunth) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke.
Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan and Santa
Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59300. The dis-
tribution of this species is interesting, because it is common to
both Africa and South America.
PTARI-TEPUl'
Diplasia karataefolia L. C. Rich.
Forest between base of cerro and Rib Karuai, alt. 1250 m., 59413.
Hypolytrum sylvaticum Poepp. & Kunth.
Along Ri'o Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja,
alt. 1220 m., 60798. Previously unknown from the Venezuelan
Guyana.
Schnee, L. Las Ciperaceas del Herbario Nacional de Venezuela,
Bol. Soc. Ven. 9, no. 57: 5-6. 1943.
800 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Tribe SCLERIAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Scleria micrococca (Liebm.) Steud.
Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco
River, alt. 100 m., 58490. In the "Catalogo de la Flora Venezo-
lana," p. 129, Tate 1198 from Auyan-tepui'is citedunder S. Liebmanni
Steud., which is considered to be synonymous with S. micrococca
by Core. 481
Scleria stipularis Nees.
In clumps 1.3 meters tall, between Sabana Grande and southeastern
base of cerro, alt. 200 m., 57874. Previously reported in Venezuela
from the RK> Casiquiare.
Calyptrocarya glomerulata Nees.
Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of cerro, alt.
200 m., 57820o.
RORAIMA
Scleria bracteata Cav
Southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada
Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59032; forested
southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58647.
Previously reported from Roraima without exact locality.
Scleria cyperina Kunth
Southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada
Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59031. Previous-
ly reported from Duida
Scleria hirtella Sw.
Philip Swamp, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1675 m., 58622.
Known locally as "atuca-miri." Previously reported from Roraima
without exact locality.
Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw.
Upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata, alt. 500
m., 57539.
1 Core, Earl. The American Species of Scleria. Brittonia 2, pt. 1:
32. 1936.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 801
Scleria micrococca (Liebm.) Steud.
Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa
Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59297. Known in
Venezuela also from Auyan-tepuf (Tate 1198) and Duida.
Scleria Purdiei Clarke.
Gran Sabana, in woods bordering Rio Kukenan, between Kun and
base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-1065 ni., 58540. Known locally as
"atuca-miri," the rhizome is used in an infusion for treating colds.
This is the first record of the species from the Venezuelan Guyana.
Previously known in Venezuela from Distrito Federal.
Scleria scabra Til Id.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru', in valley of Ri'o
Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59060. Pre-
viously known in Venezuela from the eastern part of the Cordillera
de la Costa in the state of Sucre.
Scleria verticillata Muhl.
Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru'
and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of
Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59198.
PTARI-TEPllf
Scleria arundinacea Kunth.
South-facing densely forested slopes between "Large Lunch
River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59240a; along
streamlet of quebrada, lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tribu-
tary of Rib Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-
1065 m., 60539. A tall sedge with the winged dull purple culms
nearly a meter tall. Known locally as "sara." First record of this
species from the Venezuelan Guyana.
Scleria bracteata Cav.
Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao,
below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60571. This
sprawling plant which clings tenaciously to the clothes is known
locally as "sara."
Scleria cyperina Kunth.
Southeastern portion of base of Carrao-tepui', alt. 1460-1615 ro.,
60846. The sprawling stems and the leaves have cutting edges.
Steyermark 59031 from Roraima has short stems 3.5 dm. tall, while
60846 from Carrao-tepiii' has more elongated ones. Both, however,
have the scales of the spikelets stramineous and the ligules
typically unappendaged.
802 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Scleria secans (L.) Urban.
Lower portion of wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between
Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rfo Pacairao, alt. 1065-1220 m.,
60433. Known locally as "carinosa" or "sara," this is the worst
of the various species encountered as regards cutting the skin.
The plants dangle from trees and shrubs, molesting the progress of
a passerby. Known previously in Venezuela only from the Delta
Amacuro region.
Becquerelia cymosa Brongn.
South- facing densely forested slopes between "Large Lunch
River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59420; lower
portion of wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-nia, between Santa
Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao, alt. 1065-1220 m., 60404.
Known as "sara-wa-rei-yek." Previously unknown from the Vene-
zuelan Guyana.
Calyptrocarya glomerulata Nees.
Along rocky stream bank, south-facing densely forested slopes
along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River," below "Misia
Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m. , 59449; by waterfall, swampy savanna
between Rio Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima along Rib Karuai, at
southwestern base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60704; along stream-
let of lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-nia, tributary of Rib Pacairao,
below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60535. Known
locally as "sara" and "sarau-warei."
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Scleria arundinacea Kunth.
ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-
tary to Rio Never/, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61018. Local
name "cortadero."
Scleria bracteata Cav.
Local name "verduguillo." ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes,
Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leio'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800
m., 67238.
Scleria hirtella Sw.
SUCRE: valley between base of Cerro de Diablo and Cerro de
Neven, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62712.
MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras
and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61820.
Known locally as "resfriado sabanero." In Cumanacoa called
"malojillo." This is commonly used by the people of this region
for treating stomach aches, diarrhea, and, especially, for colds.
An infusion is made of the fragrant rhizome boiled in water.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 803
Becquerelia cymosa Brongn.
MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,
tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between
Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62222. Previously unknown
this far east in the Cordillera de la Costa.
Calyptrocarya glomerulata Nees.
ANZOATEGUI: swampy place in woods, on slopes of Montana de
las Paloraas, tributary of Rio Never/, between "Carmelita" and
"Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61446. This
is far to the east of its previously known range in the Cordillera de
la Costa.
ANDES
Scleria mexicana (Liebm.) Boeckl.
MERIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La
Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56086. This spectacular species of
Scleria, with half-sprawling and climbing stems that attain almost
3 meters in height, has not previously been reported from Venezuela.
It is distributed from Chiapas, Mexico, to Colombia and Ecuador.
Tribe CRYPTANGIEAE (Lagenocarpeae) 48 J
Lagenocaipus aff. tremulus Nees.
Sabana Grande, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m.,
57856. In the absence of mature fruits, positive identification is
unwise.
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Cephalocarpus confertus Gilly.
Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58238.
Previous collections of this species are from Cerro Duida and Mount
Roraima; the species is also known from Ptari-tepuf.
Cephalocarpus lineariifolius Gilly.
Summit of Cerro Duida, Brocchinia Hills, along stream bank above
Vegas Falls, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58146; same locality, dry slopes,
58148. The original collection of this species was also from Cerro
Duida at an altitude of approximately 1500 meters.
48.1
J By Charles L. Gilly.
804 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Everardia duidae Gilly.
Cerro Duida, on moist southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near
CafYo Negro, alt. 1095-1520 m., 58043; summit of Cerro Duida,
Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-1980 m., 5873 6. The leaves of these
two specimens vary from 2.5~3.2 dm. in length, while those of the
type specimen (from summit of peak 7, Cerro Duida, at about 2160
meters) are no more than 1.4 dm. long. The collector's field notes
indicate that the leaves of specimen 58136 were distichously
arranged.
Everardia glaucifolia Gilly.
Summit of Cerro Duida, dry slopes of Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-
1980 m., 58187. Previous collections of the species are from Cerro
Duida.
Everardia revoluta Gilly.
Cerro Duida, on moist southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near
Cano Negro, alt. 1095-1520 m., 58046; summit of Cerro Duida, along
rocky banks of CaTio Negro, between Brocchinia Hills and Savanna
Hills, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58213. Previously collected only on Cerro
Duida.
RORAIMA
Lagenocarpus aff. guianensis Lindl. & Nees.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio
Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59047.
In the absence of mature fruits it does not seem safe to make a
positive Identification of this specimen at this time, although it
clearly belongs to some segment of this polymorphic and wide-
ranging species.
Didymiandrum stellatum (Boeckl.) Gilly.
Staminate plant, forested south-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp,
alt. 2040-2130 m., 58691. Several previous collections from Mount
Roraima are known, and this dioecious species has also been col-
lected on Auyan-tepu/.
Everardia gracilis Gilly.
Among rocky depressions on exposed slopes of morros, summit
of Mount Roraima, north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-
2740 m., 58829. Previous collections are from Mount Roraima.
Everardia montana Ridley.
Common and forming dense cushions on ledge along southwest-
facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m., 58720; same locality, alt. 2255-2620
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 805
m., 58767. Also known from Ptari-tepul. This is the only species
in the genus known from more than one of the cerros in this region.
Specimen 58767 is a depauperate form with a slender stem 1.8 dm.
tall.
Lagenocaipus aff. rigidus Nees.
Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing slopes, Mount
Roraima, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58633. Vernacular name, "me-da-puey."
A somewhat depauperate plant, which, in the absence of mature
achenes, cannot safely be given a positive designation.
PTARI-TEPuf
Cephalocarpus confertus Gilly.
Open sites in scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on
southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59625. Previously collected
on both Mount Roraima and Cerro Duida.
Didymiandrum guaiquinimae Schnee.
Mossy-covered banks of streamlet on flat portion of south-facing
shoulder near "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59469; dominant
on sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau and "Cave
Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59704. Both collections consist of
staminate plants only. Known also from Cerro Guaiquinima, to the
west, at 1200-1300 meters and from the savannas of the Kaieteur
plateau of British Guiana at a lower elevation. This species is,
perhaps, not really distinct from D. stellatum (Boeckl.) Gilly, known
from both Mount Roraima and Auyan-tepui', but considerably more
material of the two species should be examined before a definite
decision in this matter can be reached.
Everardia montana Ridley.
In Bonne. tia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt.
2000-2200 m., 59796; at base of and on main south-facing high sand-
stone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m. , 59610. Previously collected on
Mount Roraima. This is the only species of this genus as yet known
to inhabit more than one of the cerros in this region. The plants of
specimen 59610 have stout, branched stems to at least 9.5 dm. tall.
The young leaves of both collections are occasionally sparsely
pubescent on the upper surface toward the apex.
Lagenocarpus aff. Sprucei H. Pfeiffer.
Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent
to swamp on plateau portion of southeast- facing slopes, Ptari-tepiii',
alt. 1600 m., 59665; staminate flowers only. The species to which
this specimen seems referable was collected previously near Santa-
rem, Province of Para, Brazil.
806 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Lagenocarpus aff. tremulus Nees.
Savanna and scrubby growth bordering forest of Rib Karuai, be-
tween Santa Teresita de Kavanayeh and base of Ptari-tepuf, alt.
1220 m., 60341, staminate flowers only; scrubby forest on rocky
open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m.,
59638, staminate flowers only. The species to which these speci-
mens seem referable has been collected previously in British Guiana.
Because of the lack of pistillate flowers and fruit in these speci-
mens, only tentative identifications can be made at the present
time. When type specimens are again available from certain con-
tinental European herbaria, a more adequate disposition of these
two numbers will be possible.
Tribe CARICEAE
RORAIMA
Carex polystachya Sw.
Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, from beginning of
sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58743. Not pre-
viously recorded for the Venezuelan Guyana.
PTARI-TEPUf
Carex polystachya Sw.
Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3
kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220
m., 60522; Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west
end, alt. 2255 m., 60156.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urban.
ANZOATEGUI: along gravel bar, along Rib Zumbador and tribu-
tary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-
1450 m., 61322. SUCRE: common ground cover, Cerro Turumiquire,
north- facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, south-
west of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62537. Not previously recorded
this far east in the Cordillera de la Costa.
Carex Jamesonii Boott.
ANZOATEGUI: forming colonies in dried sphagnum bog, cloud
forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia, above Santa Cruz, head-
waters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61674;
south-facing steep slopes, on exposed rocky portion of knife-edge
ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia, same general locality, alt.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 807
1800-2000 m., 61628. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-
like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with
base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62627. MONAGAS: Cerro
Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt.
1500-2180 m., 62091. Not previously recorded as far east in the
Cordillera de la Costa. The leaves and culms of this species are
sometimes used for lashing posts or supports of shelters in temporary
camps, in localities where no other material may be available.
Carex polystachya Sw.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La
Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt.
1700-1840 m., 62447. ANZOATEGUI: among shrubby dwarfed
growth along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro
Peonia, above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Ri'o Manantiales, east of
Berganti'n, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61653. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro,
above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180
m., 62086. Not previously recorded from this far east on the Cor-
dillera de la Costa.
ANDES
Carex amicta Boott.
MERIDA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita,
alt. 2745-3045 m., 57074. TACHIRA: same locality, 57083. Pre-
viously reported from Colombia, this rare species may now be added
to the Venezuelan flora.
Carex Jamesonii Boott.
The following collections add Andean localities to the previous
known range in Venezuela: MERIDA: above Las Quadras, along
Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, 55819. TACHIRA: base of
Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, 57292. LARA: meadow
above Buenos Aires, above Humocaro Alto, 55537.
Carex Longii Mack.
(C. albolutescens Schwein.)
LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos,
west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55285. Vernacular name,
"juncillo." Previously recorded in Venezuela from the Cordillera
de la Costa, this apparently is the first record from the Venezuelan
Andes. As shown by Mackenzie, 4811 the correct name for this species
is C. Longii.
48k Mackenzie, K. K. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 49:372. 1922; N. Am. Fl.
18:160-161. 1931.
808 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Carex phalaroides Kunth.
MERIDA: dry summit of Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores
and La Grita, alt. 3045 m., 57081. This species and varieties,
belonging to section Digitatae of Eucarex, as delimited by Kuken-
thal, is known to be distributed from Ecuador to Chile. It has not
previously been reported north of Ecuador. The present collection
appears to belong with typical C. phalaroides. The pale green and
white, short-aristate scales and clavate or subclavate-subglobose
heads impart a distinct habit to the plant, which is further distin-
guished in having androgynous spikes, practically beakless pubes-
cent perigynia, and a 3-fid style emerging from the rounded top of
the perigynium.
PALMAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Jessenia polycarpa Karsten.
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58065.
This collection has the spinose fibers at the base of the leaf
stalk, a condition encountered in the original description of /.
Bataua (Mart.) Burret. In his description of /. polycarpa Karsten
makes no mention of these spinose fibers, but Dugand points out
(Caldasia 2, no. 10: 444-450. 1944) that aside from this distinction
the two species do not appear to have any other differences. He
intimates that perhaps one is a variety of the other, or that the
spiny fibers may be present on the lower leafstalks while absent on
the upper ones. Specimens collected by Cuatrecasas (no. 17379)
from the Department of El Valle have fibers typical of J. Bataua, but
come from regions where previously only /. polycarpa had been
known to occur. Dr. Cuatrecasas believes that lack of observation
on the part of collectors accounts for the differences between spine-
less and spiny leafstalks.
Since Burret transferred Oenocarpus Bataua to Jessenia in 1929>
after Karsten had already used the name polycarpa under Jessenia
in 1861, it is apparent that if the two names are considered synony-
mous, /. polycarpa Karst. must take precedence. Burret considered,
but only provisionally and without being firmly convinced himself,
that /. Bataua should be maintained as distinct from /. polycarpa.
His chief criteria for separation were the spiniform leaf bases and
the slight difference in the number of stamens. In this connection
it is significant to point out some statements discussed by Dr.
Cuatrecasas in his letter to Dr. Dugand on October 1, 1944. Dr.
Cuatrecasas has kindly given me permission to quote from this
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 809
letter as follows: "Me gusto mucho su arti'culo sobre Jessenia
polycarpa del no. 10 de Caldasia. Respecto a las observaciones de
Spruce sobre las fibras espiniformes, puedo manifestarle que yo
hice espontaheamente las misma observacio'n durante mis viajes por
la Hoya amazonica; Guaviare, Vaupes, Caqueta', Putumayo; tanto
en la regidn oriental, como en la Costa del Pacffico que he recoffido
liltimamente he podido comprobar que todos los ejeraplares jovenes
llevan un informe estuche de fibras espiniformes, que faltan en los
individuos altos. Este dimorfismo, que al principio confunde al
buscador de palraas, se aprende poco a poco al ir observando la
identidad e los restantes caracteres de la especie y luego no se
olvida. Son numerosas las especie s del biotipo caulirosuletum
que ofrecen este ferio'meno (p. ej. otras palmas: Manic aria, araarili-
daceas, frailejones) de perder con el tiempo el estuche que forman
las vainas secas de las hojas caldas. Mientras la planta es pequena
las vainas imbricadas, aun consistentes, se apoyan unas a otras en
raasa mas o menos compacta; al llegar el tallo a cierta altura y
haber pasado bastantes 'anos estos residues vegetales desintegrados
pierden consistencia y se caen, quedando limpio totalmente el tallo.
A partir de este momento al desprenderse nuevamente una hojo seca,
arrastra tambien su vaina, pues le falta el sosten de las vainas
inferiores, ya cai'das. Esto es lo que ocurre en Jessenia polycarpa."
Dr. Cuatrecasas's careful observations certainly indicate that the
presence or absence of spinose leaf bases is a matter of age and
really proves that the purported differences between the two species
are not valid. The phenomenon of spinose and spineless leaf bases
may be found by examining plate 41 of Jessenia Bataua in Barb.
Rodr. Sert. Palm Brasil l. 1903.
For the evidence discussed in the above paragraphs the name
Jessenia polycarpa is the one considered correct.
Oenocarpus Bacaba Mart.
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58066.
According to Burret's key (Notizblatt 10: 292. 1928), the above
cited collection would fall under this species. The branches of the
spadix are over 80 cm. long, the trunk is solitary, and the segments
of the frond are arranged in groups rather than being regularly dis-
posed. The lower surface of the leaves is dull green and not glau-
cous or discolored as in O. Mapora Karst. The staminate perianth
in the present collection is only 4-4.5 mm. long, while the pistillate
perianth, with its sepals enclosing and about equaling the petals,
is about 5 mm. long.
Maximilian a regia Mart.
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58064.
810 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Mauritia aculeata H.B.K.
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58072.
Iriartea setigera Mart.
Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida,
alt. 200 m., 57789.
Euterpe precatoria Mart.
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58091.
Leopoldinia Piassaba Wallace.
Between Esmeralda Savanna and Sabana Grande, northeast of
Esmeralda, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 58400.
Bactris tenuis Wallace.
Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of
Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57932.
This collection agrees mostly with B. tenuis collected on the
upper Rio Negro by Spruce and Wallace. Although there are small
differences between the present collection and the original one by
Spruce and Wallace, they agree in practically all details. The
median leaf segments are described (Spruce, R. Equatorial American
Palms. Journ. Linn. Soc. ll: 149. 1871) as "8-9 * 3/4-pollicares,"
whereas our specimen has the middle segments only 5-6 pollicares
long; otherwise the dimensions agree. Such slight differences may
be permissible for normal variability of leaf length.
The peduncle of the simple spadix is described as "sesquipolli-
caris medio abrupte decurvus"; in our specimen the peduncle is
somewhat shorter, but otherwise is the same. The spathe in the
present collection is 6.5 cm. long and tomentulose. The stems in
the present collection have a diameter of 8-9 mm., which is some-
what greater than the "diametro 3-lineari" or "not thicker than a
goose quill" as described for B. tenuis. The stems are also de-
scribed as "smooth," but ours show occasional patches of buff-
brown torn en turn in the upper portion of the stem. In our collection
the spadices are simple and undivided. This simple undivided
spadix is likewise shown in plate 33 of Wallace's Palm Trees Amaz.
1853, but in Drude's account in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, part 2: 329. 1881
B. tenuis is placed as var. a under B. cuspidata and is described
as "rhachis undivisa vel in ramos duos fissa," although in the key
on pp. 318-319 B. cuspidata is keyed out under "spadix minor in
ramos paucos (plrq. 2-5)..."
The leaf segments of the blade in our specimen vary from 5-7,
while in the description the segments are stated by Drude to be
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 811
"4-5-juga" and by Spruce as "pinnae 4-jugae." The rachis and
petiole in our collection is covered in patches with buff tomentum,
a character not mentioned in either the descriptions of Wallace or
Spruce, the pinnae being referred to as "omnes apice sylo paucis
setulis obsessae caeterum glaberrimae" without mention being made
of the petiole or rachis.
Aside from such minor discrepancies, our collection appears to
be referable to B. tenuis.
PTARI-TEPuf
Euterpe roraimae Dammer.
South-facing forested slopes, vicinity of "Cave Rock," alt. .1800
m., 59867. This species has been known previously from Mount
Roraima and the upper Rib Negro.
Euterpe tenuiramosa Dammer.
Dense forest along Rib Karuai between base of cerro and first
ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60592. This species has
been known previously from Mount Roraima. In addition to the two
species of Euterpe here listed, a third, E. ptarianum Steyermark, pre-
viously described in Fieldiana 28, no. 1: 87. 1951, occurs. On
Mount Roraima only E. roraimae and E. tenuiramosa have been
recorded.
In his key to the species of Euterpe, Burret places E. tenuiramosa
in the section in which the peduncle of the rachis is stated to be
about equal or longer than the rachis ("Pedunculus rhachi sub-
aequilongus vel quam ilia longior") as contrasted with "Pedunculus
quam rhachis aliquanto brevior," but in Dammer's description of
E. tenuiramosa the peduncle is described as 56 cm. long and the
rachis as 65 cm. long, which would place it in .the section of the
key "Pedunculus quam rhachis aliquanto brevior" instead of "Pe-
dunculus rhachi subaequilongus vel quam ilia longior" where Burret
places it.
In my specimens from Mount Roraima (no. 58685) and from Ptari-
tepui' (no. 60592) the peduncle of the plants which I have identified
as E. tenuiramosa varies from only 11-27 cm. long, and the axis of
the inflorescence from 27-35 cm. long, both dimensions being shorter,
especially for the peduncle, than are given for E. tenuiramosa. The
difference in leaf texture is very marked between E. tenuiramosa on
the one hand and E. roraimae and E. ptariana on the other.
With respect to the color and prominence of scales on the leaf
rachis and lower leaf surface, and in the subcoriaceous texture of
the leaves, E. ptariana and E. roraimae are very closely related.
However, in the scarcely submersed flowers on slender branches of
812 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
the rachis and in the less dense branches of the rachis E. ptariana
more closely resembles E. tenuiramosa. In the glabrity or minute
pubescence of the branches of the rachis E. ptariana more closely
simulates E. tenuiramosa.
Oono carpus distichus Mart.
Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first
ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60591. This is the first
record of this species in Venezuela. It has been known previously
from eastern equatorial Brazil.
As noted in the field and on the label accompanying the specimen,
the younger palm has conspicuously fibrous leaf bases and less
drooping leaves, whereas the older palm has a smooth trunk not
showing the fibrous leaf bases and the leaves are more con-
spicuously drooping. This situation is exactly like that existing
between Jessenia polycarpa (described without mention of spiniform
fibers at the base of the leaf stalk) and /. Bataua (described with
spiniform fibers).
This species has the characteristic elongated spadix (2/3-1
meter or more long) and the lower surface of the leaf segments are
dull green to gray green below, not glaucous as are those of 0.
discolor Barb. Rodr.
It should be noted that in the collection cited above, the pistillate
flower is beginning to mature and its petals are larger than those
described for this species. This condition is undoubtedly due to
the mature or near-fruiting stage. In this near-fruiting stage the
sepals in the pistillate flowers of the present collection are about
5 mm. long, while the pistillate petals are 7-8 mm. long.
Mauritia aculeata H.B.K.
Swampy savanna between Rib Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima
along Rib Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepul, alt. 1220 m.,
60707; along Rio Karuai, at base of Sorororian-tepuf, west of La
Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60748.
At both stations the plants occurred in wet ground bordering
savanna; collection no. 60707 occurred by the waterfall and no.
60748 in swampy woods. At the other known stations in Venezuela
this species has been observed at much lower elevations, between
120 and 200 meters.
Geonoma Barthia Engel.
At base of and on main south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt.
2400-2410 m., 59605; south-facing forested slopes, vicinity of
"Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1900 ra., 59805. Previously known in
Venezuela from Mount Roraima and the Andes of Merida, this species
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 813
is one of the dominant types of vegetation in the lower story of the
forest at this locality, where it is known by the inhabitants as
"tuluria."
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Euterpe oleracea Mart.
ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rib Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-
tary to Rio Neverf, northeast of Bergantm, alt. 500 m., 61040.
In this collection there are two different types of spadices, a
glabrous staminate spadix with staminate flowers and a white-
tomentose fruiting spadix. The glabrous sepals of the staminate
flowers would place this collection with E. oleracea rather than E.
stenophylla Trail. However, the trunk in this collection is solitary,
6-11 meters tall, and the habitat is high well-drained forested ground,
all characters possessed by E. stenophylla which are supposed to
distinguish that species from E. oleracea (according to Trail, ex
Thurn, Timehri 3: 229. 1889). Also in Steyermark 56733 from Rio
Onia, north of Mesa Bolivar, state of Merida, the trunk of what
appears to be die same species of palm is solitary and the plant
occurs on forested slopes, rather than in swampy ground; the pis-
tillate sepals are pubescent, but in the absence of staminate flowers,
it is impossible to differentiate between E. stenophylla and E.
oleracea. It may well be that the two species are not distinct.
Geonoma vaga Griseb. & Wendl.
ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-
tary to Rio Neverf, northeast of Bergantln, alt. 500 m., 61056.
As Bailey states in Gentes Herbarium 4: 236. 1939> this species
is amply distinct from G. pinnatifrons Willd. in the hairy rachillae,
larger fruits, difference in alveoles, and the larger size of the
plant. Burret in his monograph (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 63: 246.1930)
treated G. vaga as a variety of G. pinnatifrons; this treatment has
been followed by Pittier et al in the recently published Catalogo de
la Flora Venezolana i: 140. 1945.
Besides the conspicuously pubescent rachillae of G. vaga, another
character not mentioned by Bailey or other authors is the occurrence
of brown, elongated, narrow, scurfy scales scattered on the nerves
and midrib of the lower leaf surface. The petiole also possesses a
brown scaly mat which is persistent along portions of the length of
the peduncle.
Pyrenoglyphis major (Jacq.) Karst.
MONAGAS: deep forest along Rio Amana, in valley just east of
La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil Company Camp, 6 kms. west of Santa
Barbara, alt. 165 m., 61767.
814 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ANDES
Catoblastus pubescens (Karst.) H. Wendl.
MERIDA: rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing
slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montaffa de Los Torritos,
tributary to Rio Canagxia, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest
of Canagua, alt, 1925-2075 m., 56398.
This collection has fuscous-puberulous nerves on the lower leaf
surfaces and the fruit is minutely puberulous, but occurs in cool
damp woods at an elevation between 1925-2075 meters, whereas
other Venezuelan collections come from humid woodlands of much
lower elevations of the Rio Meta and Negro. With respect to details
of the leaves and size of fruit, it does not seem to agree with C.
andinus Dugand of Colombia, to which it seems closely related.
Catoblastus praemorsus (Willd.) H. Wendl.
DlSTRITO FEDERAL: south- and southwest-facing densely
wooded slopes of Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, between
Los Venados and Papelo'n, alt. 1585-1820 m., 55079.
The above locality is near the Colonia Tovar de Aragua cited by
Klotzsch in Linnaea 20: 449. 1847, on the basis of Moritz 914.
Cook & Doyle state that "Wendland and Drude both describe the
albumen of the seeds of Catoblastus as ruminate, perhaps relying
upon Karsten's drawing, but Klotzsch says that the albumen of
praemorsus is uniform and describes the seed as marble with nume-
rous veins, which, however, may refer to the endocarp (ecorce)
rather than to the endosperm itself.*' In the present collection the
albumen is ruminate.
The size of the fruit (perhaps slightly immature) in the present
collection is 2.8-3 cm. long and about 2 cm. wide; it approaches,
therefore, the size given for C. mesocarpus Burret. It is doubtful
whether the latter species is valid, as the size of the fruit appears
to be the only character by which it may be distinguished from C.
praemorsus.
ARACEAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SP ECIES
Anthurium scolopendrinium (Ham.) Kunth.
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58090.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 815
Heteropsis Jenmanni Oliver.
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58059.
Previously known in Dutch and British Guiana, this is the first
record for the species in Venezuela, where it is known as "mamure."
The climbing stem is cleft into three strands, which are woven with
one another to form strong tough material used in the making of
basketry, furniture, and cargo supports called "guayare."
Philodendron Linnaei Kunth.
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58076. This climbing species with the
stems appressed to tree trunks has not been reported previously
from Venezuela.
Spathiphyllum cannifolium (Dryand.) Schott.
Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of
Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57926.
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Philodendron Mischlerianum Krause.
Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano
Iguapo), alt. 700 m., 57973. A terrestrial species previously un-
reported from Venezuela.
Our collection shows a fibrous mat at the base of the petiole, a
character not mentioned in the description of the species. The
leaves are larger and the sinus of the leaves is larger and more open
than shown in the photograph of the type examined.
Spathiphyllum Candolleanum Schott, var. Schomburgkii (Schott)
Engler.
Summit, along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia
Hills, alt. 1675 m., 58107.
RORAIMA
Philodendron nobile Bull.
Southwest-facing slopes bordered by hilly savanna, alt. 1030-1155
m., 58598. Previously recorded from Brazil, British and Dutch
Guiana. At this locality, the species was observed as a terrestrial
plant, although it may also be an epiphyte in other areas, such as
Ptari-tepuf.
816 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
PTARI- TEPUI
Anthurium roraimae N. . Brown.
Forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, along slopes
of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1810-2100 m., 59529. This
terrestrial aroid has been recorded previously in Venezuela from
Roraima and Duida.
Although the spadix is supposed to be about 2 cm. long-stipitate,
in our collection it is only 0.5 cm. long. The differences of angle
and distance of the postical lobe selected to differentiate the taxa
of the A. roraimense-A. ornatum-A. nymphaeifolium series appear
quite arbitrary and variable. It is possible that one variable species
is represented here instead of several species. The same remarks
appear to apply to the minor differences in proportion of length of
petiole to the length of the blade in A. Wagenerianum C. Koch and
A. ellipticum C. Koch.
Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engler.
Steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on
south-facing part, east of "Cave Rock,'* alt. 2130 m., 59848. A
frequent epiphyte in the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela.
Monstera Parkeriana Schott.
Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first
ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60612. Known locally
as "picaton" (Spanish) or "corcamilla," this epiphyte has not been
recorded previously from Venezuela.
Philodendron nobile Bull.
Dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of
Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60732; southeastern
portion of base of Carrao-tepuf, alt. 1460-1615 m., 60850. These
stations and the one cited above from Roraima are the first records
of this species from Venezuela. Found both as an epiphyte and as
a dominant terrestrial plant, it was rarely found in flower. The
flowers are fragrant. Known locally as "tan-waya," the coriaceous
leaves are quite durable and are used for thatching small dwellings.
The collection from Carrao-tepui (60850) has a longer peduncle
than the original description of P. nobile calls for. Also, in the
same collection the reticulate veins joining the numerous lateral
nerves of typical P. nobile, are absent in no. 60850. The long
peduncle in no. 60850 approaches that of P. calophyllum, but the
leaves have more approximate and less ascending nerves than are
found in P. calophyllum. Great variation is observed in the leaf
bases of P. nobile, some collections having more cuneately nar-
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 817
rowed bases, others more obtuse, even on the same plant or in
plants from the same area.
Philodendron roraimae Krause.
South-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just west of
"Cave Rock," alt. 1800 m., 59825. Previously known in Venezuela
from Mount Roraima, this high-climbing epiphyte was common on
Ptari-tepuf, where it is locally known as "cupita. " The thick
stems are appressed to the tree trunk, and after climbing high upon
the trees, the plant sends out long pendent aerial roots. The inner
part of the shoot is used by the Indians as a poultice for boils and
as a worm medicine.
Tate 831 from Duida probably belongs here. The Ptari-tepui' col-
lection (no. 59825) has longer peduncles (10 cm. instead of 4-6
cm.) and longer spathes (18 cm. instead of 10-12 cm.) than in typical
P. roraimae of Mount Roraima. Other variations noted as departures
from the original description are in the longer staminate spadix
(7-10 cm. instead of 6-6.5 cm.) and in the longer and larger pistillate
spadix. Also, the cells of the ovary in near-fruiting stage are one-
seeded. Furthermore, the leaves are subobtuse rather than shortly
acuminate. Except for the variations above noted, the Ptari-tepiu'
collection agrees with the plant originally described from Roraima.
Stenospermatium Ulei Krause.
Forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion
and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59725. In Venezuela known
previously only from the slopes of Roraima. This was observed
both as a terrestrial plant with elongated stems about a meter or
more tall or as an epiphyte near the base of tree trunks.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Anthurium digitatum (Jacq.) G. Don.
ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-
tary to Ri'o Neveri", northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61035. Known
locally as "mamurillo," the stems of this climbing epiphyte are
used for tying various objects; the mature fruits are eaten by birds
and small mammals.
Anthurium nymph aeifolium Koch & Bouche'.
ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peom'a (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita,"
between Rio Leon and Berganti'n, northeast of BergantTn, alt. 1000-
1450 m., 61414. An eastward extension of its previously known
range in the vicinity of Caracas.
818 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Anthurium ornatum Schott.
MONAGAS: south-facing forested slopes above limestone bluffs,
northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1300-1400 m., 61992. Previously known
in Venezuela from the vicinity of Caracas and Colonia Tovar.
Anthurium pal ma turn (L.) Kunth.
ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence
of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 600-800
m., 61185. Not previously recorded from Venezuela.
Anthurium rugosum Schott.
ANZOA*TEGUI: Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita,"
between Rio Leon and Bergantfn, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 1000-
1450 m., 61410. An eastward extension of its previously known
range in the vicinity of Caracas.
Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl.
ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-
tary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61044.
MONAGAS: in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on
south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62146.
Anthurium scolopendrinium (Ham.) Kunth.
SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rib Manzanares, above
valley of Curaanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62812.
Not previously reported from the Cordillera de la Costa.
Monstera pertusa var. jacquinii (Schott) Engler.
ANZOATEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tribu-
taries of Rio Never/, between Rib Leon and "Carmelita," northeast
of Bergariun, alt. 800-1200 m., 61388.
Monstera Sagotiana Engler.
ANZOATEGUI: forest along Rib Leon, tributary of Rio Neveh',
northeast of Berganr/n, alt. 500 m., 61469; headwaters of Rib Mara-
villa, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro,
east of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400 m., 61739. Not previously reported
from Venezuela. The collections cited above have much larger
leaves and spadices than are typical for this species, which appears
to be too close to M. acuminata to be satisfactorily separated. The
presumed difference of an obtuse leaf base in the one species and
a cordate leaf base in the other does not appear to be a constant
character.
Monstera Snethlagei Krause.
ANZOATEGUI: wooded ridge above Quebrada Bonita, on side
draining towards Rib Neveri, between "Carmelita" and Rib Leo'n by
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 819
Quebrada Danta, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 80O1100 m., 60987.
MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,
tributary to Rib Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between
Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62172. Previously unrecorded
from Venezuela, this species of Monstera, like others in the Oriente
of Venezuela, is called "mamurillo." The climbing tough stems
are used here for lashing posts together and other tying purposes
in house construction.
Monstera Moritziana (Schott) Steyermark, comb. nov.
Anepsias Moritzianus Schott, Gen. Aroid. t. 73. 1858, Prodr.
352. 1860; Engler, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 2: 230. 1879-
Apparently no distinct floral differences exist to separate Anep-
sias from Monstera. The character of the leaf difference breaks
down in such species as M. dilacerata, M. Parkeriana, and others.
In Anepsias the second and third lateral nerves of the leaf blades
are described as being, subparallel to the primary ones, whereas in
Monstera they are scarcely parallel and reticulate ly anastomosing,
but these characters do not hold in the species above cited. More-
over, in the generic description of Anepsias , Engler & Krause
state "nervis in et IV reticularis." Thus, while the third and
fourth set of lateral nerves are reticulate in Anepsias, those of the
second and third set are reticulate in Monstera.
Philodendron Karstenianum Schott.
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas,
tributary of Rio Neven', between "Carmelita" and "Natalia,"
northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61462. A common climb-
ing species in this area.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Anthurium angosturense Engl.
MERIDA: between La Trampa and Casadero, along tributary of
Quebrada del Salado (between Lagunillas and La Azulita), alt.
2225-2590 m., 56176. A common terrestrial or epiphytic species in
forests of Ladenbergia undata, this has not been reported previously
from Venezuela.
Anthurium cundinamarcense Engl.
MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de Los Salichales, tributary
of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56422.
A Colombian species, not previously reported from Venezuela.
820 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Anthurium Kalbreyeri Hort. Veitch.
MERIDA: woods along Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino,
north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55825. A terrestrial species
not previously reported from Venezuela.
Anthurium signatnm C. Koch.
TACHIRA: rich, steep, wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between
Bramon and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57445, 57446. In
collection no. 57445 the plant is terrestrial, whereas in no. 57446
it is epiphytic. This Andean species has not been reported pre-
viously from Venezuela.
Monstera dilacerata C. Koch.
YARACUY: level rainforest dominated by Roystonea, Sabal,
Scheelea, and Bactris, near Taria, alt. 75 m., 56859. This epiphyte
with orange fruit has been previously reported in Venezuela on the
basis of a collection by Appun.
Philodendron propinquum Schott.
MERIDA: rich, damp forest along northwest- and west-facing
slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos,
tributary to Rib Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. south-
west of Canagua, alt. 1925-2075 m., 56383. This species has not
been reported previously from Venezuela.
XYRIDACEAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Xyris lacerata Pohl.
Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco
River, alt. 100 m., 58474; Sabana Grande, at southeastern base of
Cerro Duida, alt. 200m., 57865.
Xyris savannensis Miq.
Along Orinoco River, at Raudal Santa Barbara, between Tamatama
and San Fernando de Atabapo, alt. 100 m., 58423. Previously
known from the top of Esmeralda Ridge (Tate 215) and Sabana
Grande at the southeastern base of Duida (Steyermark 57865ajL
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Abolboda Gleasoniana Steyermark, nom. nov.
A. rigida (Malme) Steyermark, Fieldiana, Bot. 28: no. 1: 105-
1951, based upon A. grandis var. rigida Malme, in Bull. Torr. Bot.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 821
Club 58: 326. 1931, not A. rigida Gleason, in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
56: 16. 1929.
RORAIMA
Abolboda sceptrum Oliver.
This was found both on the southwest-facing slopes at Emerald
Swamp at an altitude of 1520 meters (58615) and on the summit, on
the northwestern portion northwest of Summit Camp at an altitude of
2740 meters (58861). On the summit it was common in swampy de-
pressions among vegetation in the morros. Its Indian name is
"konok-pi-chauray." The leaf bases are boiled and the infusion
is used for headaches.
Abolboda vaginata (Spreng.) Alb. Nilsson.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru', (tributary
of Rio Kukena'h), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 591 78a.
This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela.
Xyris anceps Lam.
Emerald Swamp, south west- facing slopes, alt. 1520 m., 58612.
Xyris Fontanesiana Kunth is synonymous with this species. It has
been reported from Venezuela previously under the synonymous
name.
Xyris decussata Gleason.
Summit, on northwest portion north and northwest of Summit Camp,
alt. 2620-2740 m., 58806. This species has not been reported pre-
viously from Venezuela.
Xyris guianensis Steudel.
Southwest- facing slopes, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, alt. 1830-
1920 m., 58630. Previously recorded in Venezuela from the vicinity
of Maypures, Upper Orinoco, this species is common in the Guianas
and Brazil.
Xyris Jupicai L. C. Richard.
Gran Sabana, in woods bordering Rio Kukenan, between Kun and
base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-1065 m., 58548; between Kun and
waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), alt. 1065 m.,
59144. This species has not been reported previously from the
vicinity of Mount Roraima, although it is known from the base of
Duida and Auyan-tepiif.
Xyris witsenioides Oliver.
Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m.,
58719; southwest-facing portion of ledge just below summit, alt.
822 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
256C)-2620 m., 58790. There is considerable variation in this spe-
cies. It varies from acaulescent to caulescent. In the above cited
collections, no. 58790 has the stems and leaves much more con-
tracted and reduced than the typical state represented by no. 58719.
Also, the margin of the scape just below the inflorescence is more
papillose-scabridulous in 58790 and 59736 (a collection from Ptari-
tepuf) than shown in 58719.
The same type of variation has been noted by Gleason and Killip
in their Flora of Auyan-tepui in their discussion of Tate 1321 under
A. witsenioides.
PTARI-TEPUI
Abolboda sceptrum Oliver.
Brocchinia~Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on southwest-facing
shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59787; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp,"
on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and Sororopa'n-tepui, alt. 1615 UK,
60244. Previously known in Venezuela from Duida and Roraima.
Abolboda vaginata (Spreng.) Alb. Nilsson.
Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, be-
tween Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt.
1220 m., 60301.
Xyris bicephala Gleason.
Swamp on open level portion of plateau on southeast- facing slopes,
alt. 1600 m. , 59647. Previously known only from Auyan-tepuf and
Cerro Guaiquinima.
Xyris hymenachne Mart.
Steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs,
on south-facing part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59841.
This Brazilian species has not previously been reported from
Venezuela.
Xyris involucrata Nees.
Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen
northwest to Rfo Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59341; swamp
on open level portion of plateau on south east- facing slopes, alt.
1600 m., 59650.
Xyris Jupicai L. C. Richard.
Common in moist spots of hematite outcrops on crest of
Sororopan-tepui, between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60131.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 823
Xyris macro cephala Vahl.
Swamp in savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa
Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60303.
This Brazilian species has not been previously reported from Vene-
zuela. The heads in this collection are as long as 30 mm. and
15 mm. thick in the dried state, but in moistened or boiled state
they are only 10 mm. in thickness.
Xyris setigera Oliver.
Dry sandy' and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adja-
cent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast- facing slopes, alt.
1600 m., 59664.
Xyris Uleana Malme.
Along Rio Karuai, northwest of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt.
1220 m., 60823. A rare species, not previously reported from Vene-
zuela. It is common on Tafelburg in Dutch Guiana, and is also
known from British Guiana and adjacent Brazil.
Xyris witsenioides Oliver.
Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-
2200 m., 59736.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Xyris acutifolia (Heimerl) Malme.
ANZOATEGUI: in dried-up sphagnum bog in cloud forest on
wooded summit of Cerro Peonla (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa
Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Berganb'n, alt. 2350
m., 61967. SUCRE: moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge or
Cerro Turumiquire connecting base of eastern peak with base of
southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62624. An Andean species, which in
Venezuela has not been found previously east of the Paramo de las
Rosas in the state of Lara (Steyermark 55497).
ERIOCAULACEAE 49
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Eriocaulon guianense Korn.
Around pools of water in igneous rock outcrops, Puerto Ayacucho,
alt. 200 m., 58518. The species is otherwise known only from
British and French Guiana.
^Eriocaulaceae by Harold N. Moldenke
824 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Paepalanthus pauper Moldenke.
Sandy dry savanna between first and second woodlands after
crossing Esmeralda Ridge on way to Duida, between Esmeralda
Savanna and the southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m.,
57806. The species was known hitherto only from the original
collection made on the Kaieteur Plateau of British Guiana (Maguire
& Fanshawe 23206).
Paepalanthus subtilis Miq.
Among rock outcrops below mouth of Ri'o Sanariapo, along Rib
Orinoco, alt. 100 m., 58447. This species has been known pre-
viously only from British Guiana and Brazil.
Syngonanthus biformis (N. E. Br.) Gleason.
Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rib Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco
River, alt. 100 m., 58468.
Syngonanthus gracilis var. glabriusculus Ruhl.
Sandy dry savanna between first and second woodlands after
crossing Esmeralda Ridge on way to Duida, between Esmeralda
Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57804.
This variety has hitherto been known only from Brazil.
Syngonanthus gracilis var. hirtellus (Steud.) Ruhl.
Swampy large savanna, between Esmeralda Savanna and south-
eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57814. This variety has
been known hitherto only from Brazil.
Syngonanthus heteropeploides Herzog.
On wet ground along stream at base of Mauritia palm, between
Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200
m., 57848. This species has hitherto been known only from the
original collection in Amazonas, Brazil (Lutzelburg 21991).
Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl.
On wet ground along stream at base of Mauritia palm, between
Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200
m., 57846. This is the first record of the species from Venezuela,
it being hitherto known from Colombia, Brazil, and the Guianas.
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Leiothrix flavescens (Bong.) Ruhl.
Summit, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58252. Previously
known in Venezuela from Roraima and Auyan-tepui.
Syngonanthus gracilis var. glabriusculus Ruhl.
Summit, Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58184.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 825
RORAIMA
Eriocaulon melanocephalum Kunth.
Submerged aquatic in meander between Rio Kukenan and Divina
Pastora, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of
Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan north of Santa
Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59256. This is the
first Venezuelan record. The species has hitherto been known only
from Colombia, French Guiana, Brazil, and Cuba.
Paepalanthus convexus Gleason.
Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, from beginning of
sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58778; crevices in
shade of ledge, on southern half of the summit between Summit
Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and pond at southern end,
alt. 2700-2740 m., 58876. This species has hitherto been known
only from Duida.
Paepalanthus subtilis Miq.
Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru
(tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on the Rio Kukenan
north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59193.
This and the 58447 record, previously cited, are the only Venezuelan
records for this British Guiana species.
Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl.
Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan and Santa
Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59303; swampy
meadow south of Divina Pastora, 59262, 59308. Not previously re-
corded in Venezuela from the vicinity of Roraima.
Syngonanthus gracilis (Kom.) Ruhl.
Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru
(tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north
of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 ni., 59196. Not
previously recorded from the Roraima region of Venezuela.
PTARI -TEPUl'
Paepalanthus capillaceus Klotzsch.
Submerged in running water, south-facing densely forested slopes
along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia
Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59453; in fast water on edge of waterfall
and above waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meni, at western end of
Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 nu 60208. Previously known in Vene-
zuela from the Roraima and Humirida region.
826 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Syngonanthus biformis (N. . Br.) Gleason.
Sandy flat bordering woods above second waterfall, vicinity of
Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 km. east to
northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60484.
Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl.
Stream bank, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao,
about 3 km. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt.
1220 m., 60494.
Syngonanthus gracilis (Kom.) Ruhl.
Swampy ground following streamlet, Gran Sabana, between Mission
of Santa Teresita de Kavanayien northwest to Rio Karuai, on large
mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59332; swamp on open level portion of plateau
of Ptari-tepui on southeast- facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59653.
Syngonanthus longipes Gleason.
In swamp in savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between
Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m.,
60304. The species has hitherto been known from Auyan-tepui'
and Roraima.
Syngonanthus trico status Gleason.
Sandy wet ground with Stegolepis and Brocchinia, Gran Sabana,
between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rib
Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59367; in swamp on open level
portion of plateau on southeast^facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt.
1600 m., 59643.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Syngonanthus gracilis (Ko'rn.) Ruhl.
SUCRE: Valley between the base of Cerro de Diablo (western
extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de
Neverf, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62719.
RAPATEACEAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Rapatea Spruceana Kcke.
Swampy woods between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base
of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57822.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 827
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Amphiphyllum rigidum Gleason.
Summit, Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58175; summit,
Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58249. In collection no. 58249
the leaf sheath is as long as 13 cm. while the leaves measure to
11 dm. long, both measurements exceeding the original ones given
by Gleason.
Stegolepis pauciflora Gleason.
Summit, on high moist ridge top, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58330. The
leaves in this collection are up to 100 cm. long, measuring longer
than in the original collection described by Gleason.
RORAIMA
Stegolepis guianensis Kl.
Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1830-
1920 m., 58644; common on southern half of summit between Summit
Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and pond at southern end,
alt. 2700-2740 m., 58918; on south west- facing sandstone ledge, alt.
2100-2620 m., 58932. Not previously recorded from the upper slopes
and summit of Roraima. In the collections cited above are encoun-
tered considerable variation in the length of the leaf blade and leaf
sheath. These variations appear to be correlated with the amount of
shade present, those growing in shady places developing on the
average more elongated leaf blades than those growing in exposed
open situations. Number 58932, which had noticeably narrower and
longer leaves than others growing on the summit, was collected
from protected places or in crevasses, whereas other plants growing
in exposed sunny situations developed shorter and broader leaves.
PTARI-TEPUI
Saxofridericia regalis Schomb.
Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui', alt.
1615 m, 60209. Locally known in this area as "paleu-rei," this
tall herbaceous species is common in wet ground at this and slightly
lower elevations.
828 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
BROMELIACEAE 50
Subfam. I. PITCAIRNIOIDEAE
Brocchinia acuminata L. B. Smith.
Terrestrial, summit of Cerro Duida, on high moist ridge top, alt.
1820-2075 m., 58363. Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, on forested south-
facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave
Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59492. Originally described from Mount
Auyan-tepuf.
Brocchinia hechtioides Mez.
Terrestrial, summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200
m., 58292. Originally described from Mount Roraima. In the account
of Mount Duida in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 338, this species as
shown by Tate 846 was cited under B. reducta.
Brocchinia reducta Baker.
Common, border of woods in savanna, Gran Sabana, bordering
forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mission of Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 59406. Originally described fiom British
Guiana.
Brocchinia Tatei L. B. Smith.
The common giant bromeliad (flowering plant 1.5 m. high), Ptari-
tepui, along base of eas^facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-
2450 m., 59931. Roraima, Guaiquinima. This material shows that
the leaves are reticulate toward the base.
Lindmania guianensis (Beer.) Mez.
Mount Roraima, Emerald Swamp, southwest- facing slopes, alt.
1520 m., 58616. Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, scrubby forest on rocky
open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m. ,
59641. Terrestrial, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa be-
tween Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60231. Terres-
trial, swampy savanna between Rio Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima
along Rio Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m.,
60696. Originally described from the Courantyne River in south-
eastern British Guiana.
Pitcairnia maidifolia (Morr.) Dene.
Terrestrial, Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60063. Caracas
and Duida in Venezuela. Costa Rica, Colombia, British Guiana.
Bromeliaceae by Lyman B. Smith
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 829
Puya floccosa (Linden) E. Morr.
On rocky savanna at edge of mesa escarpment, wooded slopes of
Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rib
Pacairao (tributary of Ri'o Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60449.
of Me'rida: between Beguilla and Mucuchachf, alt. 1065"2430 m.,
56317- Mountains from Roraima in eastern Venezuela to southern
Colombia.
Subfam. II. TILLANDSIOIDEAE
Guzmania pleiosticha (Griseb.) Mez. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 930.
1896.
Tillandsia pleiosticha Griseb. Goett. Nachr. 1864: 19. 1865.
Guzmania Altsonii L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 89: 7. 1930.
Epiphyte on tree trunk, lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-tepui,
alt. 1675*1980 m., 60862- This material demonstrates the identity
of Guzmania Altsonii with the earlier G. pleiosticha and thereby
extends the range of G. pleiosticha to Surinam.
Tillandsia Arnoldiana Harms.
MONAGAS: on boulders, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las
Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62062. SUCRE:
epiphyte on tree, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between
La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62513
(inflorescence unusually small and with simple branches) and
62514 (inflorescence large but irregular and apparently diseased).
Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. New to Venezuela.
Tillandsia caribaea L. B. Smith.
T. Fendleri Mez, not Griseb.
Epiphyte on tree trunk, Mount Roraima, southwest-facing forested
slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt.
2040-2255 nu, 59005. Epiphyte on tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, on dense-
ly forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between
"Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m.,
59556. Colonia Tovar in Venezuela. Cuba, Haiti.
Tillandsia compacta Griseb.
Epiphyte on tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep
south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock"
and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59558. Cor-
dillera de la Costa, Venezuela. Cuba, Haiti.
Tillandsia Deppeana Steud. Norn. Bot. ed. 2, 2: 688. 1841.
T. rubra sensu L. B. Smith in Steyermark, Contrib. Fl. Venezuela,
Fieldiana Bot. 28: 151. 1951. Not R. & P.
830 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Epiphyte on tree, Ptari-tepui^ Bonne tia roraimae forest on
southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59732. Common on
bluffs, Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs,
alt. 2410 m., 59911. Generally distributed in the mountains of
Venezuela. Mexico and the West Indies to Venezuela, Peru, and
Bolivia.
Tillandsia Deppeana var. reducta (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, comb,
nov.
T. rubra var. reducta L. B. Smith in Steyermark, Contrib. Fl. Vene-
zuela, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 151. 1951.
Tillandsia duidae L. B. Smith.
Terrestrial on mossy boulder-strewn ground, Mount Roraima,
southwest- facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of
sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58998. Epiphyte on tree trunk,
Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes in vicinity of "Cave Rock,"
alt. 1800-1900 m., 59802. Described from Mount Duida, Venezuela.
This species is very close to T. data Baker and ultimately may be
considered only a geographic variety. However, as shown by the
above collections, it consistently has broader primary bracts,
narrower less complanate spikes and more coriaceous less nerved
floral bracts.
Tillandsia globosa Wawra.
MONAGAS: epiphyte on branches of 61959, along Quebrada
Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan
Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61954. Eastern
Brazil. New to Venezuela.
Tillandsia incurva Griseb.
Epiphyte on small tree trunk, lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-
tepuf, alt. 1675-1980 m., 60858. Cordillera de la Costa, Venezuela.
Southern Florida, Cuba, Jamaica, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia,
Bolivia.
Tillandsia Lescaillei Wright.
ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita,"
between Rib Leon and Berganti'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-
1450 m., 61417. Cuba and Haiti. New to Venezuela. The species
differs from T. spiculosa Griseb. only in its pendent inflorescence.
Tillandsia Turner! Baker.
Epiphyte on branches, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep
south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock"
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 831
and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 595 61 Epi-
phyte on small tree, summit of Carrao-tepui, alt. 2470-2500 m.,
60900. Roraima, Duida. Colombia, northwestern Brazil.
Vriesia lacera (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.
Tillandsia lacera L. B. Smith in Steyermark, Contrib. Fl. Vene-
zuela, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 150. 1951 For explanation of this type
of transfer see Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29: 430. 1951.
Vriesia splendens (Brongn.) Lem.
Epiphyte on lower trunk of tree or on ground, Ptari-tepiu, south-
facing densely forested slopes between Rib Karuai and ridge below
"Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m., 59421. Trinidad, the
Gui anas.
Aechmea latifolia (Willd.) Kl. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 36. 1889.
Bromelia latifolia Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. 7: 1283. 1830.
Aechmea Fendleri Andre, Brom. Andr. 13. 1889-
DlSTRITO FEDERAL: south- and southwest-facing densely
wooded slopes of Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, between
Los Venados and Papelo'n, alt. 1585-1820 m., 55075. Distrito Fed-
eral, Venezuela. Central Columbia. This species has been
known from Venezuela for a long time under the name of Aechmea
Fendleri, but this is the first time it has been recorded under the
older name of A. latifolia. The number of flowers on a branch, the
character by which Mez attempted to separate A. Fendleri, is hardly
of specific value, nor does the material substantiate his statements.
Aechmea pubescens Baker.
MERIDA: epiphyte on palm (56733), rich forested slopes along
Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56732.
Honduras to Colombia. First record for Venezuela.
Ananas ananassoides (Baker) L. B. Smith var. nanus L. B. Smith.
Terrestrial, Ptari-tepuT, forest between base of cerro and Rio
Karuai, alt. 1250 m., 59414. Brazil. First record for Venezuela.
COMMELINACEAE
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Aneilema geniculata (Jacq.) Woodson.
ANZOATEGUI: bamboo-covered dryish forested slopes, Cerro
La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergaritin,
alt. 800-1100 m., 61102. Locally known as "curarina," this species
has been reported previously in Venezuela from the vicinity of
Caracas and Colonia Tovar.
832 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Callisia monandra (Swartz) Schult.
ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence
of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 400-
500 m., 61203. Locally known as "monte de agua."
Campelia Zanonia (L.) H.B.K.
ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61321.
Known as "anilino montanero," the black-bluish purple fruit is
used for making into an ink.
Commelina robusta Kunth.
MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and
Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62246.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Campelia Zanonia (L.) H.B.K.
f
MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de Los Salichales, tributary
of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56437.
Not previously recorded from the Venezuelan Andes.
Dichorisandra hexandra (Aubl.) Standl.
BOLIVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on road to San
Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57725. Previous-
ly recorded in Venezuela from the Casiquiare River region.
Dichorisandra villosula Mart.
MERIDA: woods along canyon of Rio Canagua, between Mucucha-
chi and Canagua, alt. 1065-1820 m., 56341. This species has not
been recorded previously from Venezuela. The leaves in the above
cited collection average slightly smaller, and the sepals and petals
slightly larger than in typical D. villosula, but this may appear more
accentuated due to the existence of only a few specimens on hand
for comparative study. The plant is known locally as "sue Ida con
sue Ida." The sepals were observed to be lilac or pale purple with
greenish tips, the petals purple, the anthers pale green suffused
with lilac, the filaments pale green, the style pale green, and the
leaves noted as dull green above, and paler dull green below.
Tinantia erecta f. puberula Standl. & Steyerm.
MERIDA: vicinity of Tabay, around margin of cafetales, alt.
2195 m., 57054. This form has not been recorded previously from
Venezuela.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 833
JUNCACEAE
PTARI -TEPuf
Juncus densiflorus H.B.K.
By wooded streamlet, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between
east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60125.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Juncus marginatus Rostk. var. setosus Coville.
SUCRE: by swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing
headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rib de Amana, alt. 1900-2000
m., 62700. This is the first record of this species for Venezuela.
Juncus microcephalus H.B.K.
SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western
extension of southern peak of Ceiro Turumiquire) and Cerro de
Neverf along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62722.
Not previously recorded from the Venezuelan Oriente.
ANDES
Juncus densiflorus H.B.K.
LARA: meadow above Los Aposentos, along trail between Las
Sabanetas, Los Aposentos, and Buenos Aires, alt. 1675-2430 m.,
55479.
Juncus dichotomus Ell.
MERIDA: dry top of Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores
and La Grita, alt. 2745-3045 nu, 57071. Not previously recorded
from Venezuela.
Juncus involucratus Steud.
TAG H IRA: swampy meadow in Paramito between Quebrada de
Palmar and Quebrada de Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, 2
kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m.,
57222. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Although usually
6 stamens are found in this species, the present collection possess-
es only 3.
Juncus microcephalus H.B.K.
LAR.A: meadow above Los Aposentos, along trail between Las
Sabanetas, Los Aposentos, and Buenos Aires, alt. 1675-2430 m.,
55418. The present collection contains only 3 stamens, whereas
6 is the usual number present.
834 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
PTARI-TEPUI
Phaeosphaerion persicariae folium (DC.) C. B. Clarke.
Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja,
alt. 1220 ra., 60787. Known locally as "urillo," this species has
been known in Venezuela previously from the island of Margarita
and from the state of Anzoategui.
THURNIACEAE
PTARI -TEPuf
Thurnia sphaerocephala Hook. f.
Rocky bank of Rio Pacairao, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao, about
3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220
m., 60491.
PONTEDERIACEAE
RORAIMA
Heteranthera zosteraefolia Mart.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary
of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m-> 59165.
Another collection of this species was obtained also in the state
of Bolivar in the vicinity of Tumeremo at an altitude of 305 meters
(60946). These represent the first collections of this species from
Venezuela. Number 59165 was collected in shallow water of a slow
stream, while no. 60946, known as "bora" in the vicinity of Tume-
remo, was collected along the margin of a swamp.
The broadly cordate oblong-lanceolate leaves are produced at the
tip of the plant and are floating leaves. The usual description of
the leaves states them as being linear, but F. Hildebrand in his
paper "Uber Heteranthera zosterifolia" in EngL Bot. Jahrb. 6: 137,
1885 points out that aquarium-grown specimens produced ovate or
elliptical leaves at the surface of the water, whereas the other nar-
row leaves were all submerged. This corresponds to the observa-
tions made in my collections, except that the floating leaves are
even more contrasted in shape.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 835
Juncus tenuis f. anthelatus (Wieg.) Hermann.
TACHIRA: moist open places in thickets along quebrada, above
Betania, at base of Paramo de Tama, alt. 2285-2430 m., 57274.
This form of the species has not been reported previously from
Venezuela.
LILIACEAE
PTARI -TEPllf
Nietneria corymbosa Kl. & Rich. Schomb.
Bonntetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-
2200 m., 59750. Previously known in Venezuela from Mount Roraima
and vicinity.
Smilax staminea Griseb.
Forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion
and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59696. Not previously re-
corded from Venezuela.
Tofieldia Schomburgkiana Oliver.
Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on southwest-facing
shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59784. Previously recorded from the other
high cerros of the Guyana.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Smilax Poeppigii Kunth.
A NZ GATE GUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leo'n,
northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800 m., 61240. Not previously re-
corded from Venezuela. Locally the roots are cooked and used in
treating fevers, while the stems are used to make guayares.
Smilax pseudosiphilitica Kunth.
MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,
tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between
Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62224. This species has not
been recorded previously from the Oriente of Venezuela.
Smilax scabriuscula Willd.
MONAGAS: sprawling over low shrubs and herbs on Cerro Negro,
above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-
2180 m., 62050; vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and
Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62269; Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo
Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62339. Previously known
in Venezuela from the vicinity of Caracas and Colonia Tovar, these
are the first collections recorded from the Oriente.
836 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ANDES
Smilax floribunda H.B.K.
TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tarn/, 4-10
kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57323. Previously recorded
in Venezuela from Mount Duida.
Smilax tomentosa H.B.K.
MERIDA: rich, steep, northwest- and northeast-facing forested
slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56635.
Not previously reported from Venezuela.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Bomarea Bredemeyerana (Willd.) Herb. 51
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m.,
62076. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between
La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62494.
This species occurs in the mountains of western Venezuela, where
it reaches an altitude of about 3000 meters, and in the general
vicinity of Caracas. The two collections here cited extend its
range of distribution to the northeastern part of the country.
Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Urban.
ANZOATEGUI: spontaneous, in open exposed clay-shale soil
along banks of R/o Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio
Neveri', northeast of Bergantirij alt. 500 m., 61057. In this section
the species appears wild. The perianth segments, including the
claw, attain 8 cm. in length, are of a brick-red-salmon with patches
of pale greenish-yellow at the base of the blade.
Hippeastrum solandri folium Herb.
SUCRE: common, on rocky open limestone slopes, between Cocol-
lar and Guamal, alt. 1200 m., 62435. This is the easternmost record
for the occurrence of this species in Venezuela. The pendent flow-
ers are creamy-white without, creamy-white within, the outer surface
of the segments suffused with yellowish, while the tube is pale
greenish suffused with dull lavender stripes at the base. In some
plants the outer perianth segments have a dull brick-salmon midrib,
in others this brick color is absent. Also, in some plants the
lavender color at the base of the perianth tube is absent, leaving it
pale greenish and the remainder of the perianth creamy. The plants
are known locally as "lirio bianco."
^Bomarea by E. P. Killip
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 837
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Bomarea caraccensis Herb.
LARA: climbing along edge of rocky bed of stream, between
Buenos Aires to Canyon of El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt.
2285-2740 m., 55511. In this section of the Andes known as "papa
de monte," this species has not been recorded previously in the
Andean portion of the country.
Bomarea crassifolia Baker.
TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10
kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57318, 57319. Previously
recorded in Venezuela from the state of Merida.
Bomarea hispida Baker.
TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10
kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57342. This species has
not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
Hypoxis decumbens var. major Seub.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: woods above Los Venados, between Los
Venados and Guayabo Mocho, Cordillera del Avila, alt. 1765 m.,
56901. This variety has not been recorded previously from
Venezuela.
Sprekelia formosissima (L.) Herb.
MERIDA: on slopes near river, outskirts of Mucutuy, between
Beguilla and Mucuchachi', alt. 1065-2430 m., 56299. Naturalized
and escaped from cultivation at this locality. This species has
not been previously recorded from Venezuela as spontaneous or
escaped into a wild area.
VELLOZIACEAE
PTARI-TEPllf
Vellozia Alexandrinae (Schomb.) Goeth. & Henr.
Common in open rocky places in thickets by Rio Karuai, between
Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m.,
60326. This showy-flowered species has erect stems attaining a
meter to a meter and a half tall. The flowers are very fragrant.
It is known locally as "comida de venado." The species is com-
mon throughout the Venezuelan Guayana.
There is some hesitation in placing the above cited collection
under this name, as it differs from Goeth. & Henrard's description
838 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
in having leaves only 5"6 mm. instead of 12-15 mm. broad, and in
the shorter stature of 1-2 instead of 3*4 meters tall, the latter
height given by Goeth. & Henrard.
Vellozia tubiflora H.B.K.
Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco
River, alt. 100 m., 58450. This collection possesses 14 stamens
instead of 18, the latter number described for the species
originally.
This species, described by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1825, is
a low-growing one only 0.3*0.6 meters tall with white flowers and
recurved perianth segments. It is characteristic of granitic areas
along the Orinoco River. It appears to be distinct from Vellozia
A lexandrinae, originally described as Barbacenia Alexandrinae by
Schomburgk. The plant which Schomburgk collected is much taller
and has the flowers colored white and lavender and the segments
are not recurved as in V. tubiflora.
DIOSCOREACEAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Dioscorea trifida L. f.
Between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at south-
eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m. f 57876. This species has
not been definitely recorded before from Venezuela.
PTARI-TEPUI
Dioscorea trifida L. f.
In cleared opening of forest in lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-
ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n,
alt. 915-1065 m., 60530.
Planted in this area by the Taurepan Indians, who eat the purple
underground stem. The local Indian name for the plant is "napoi, "
the Spanish name being "mapuey."
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Dioscorea bulbifera L.
ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-
tary of Ru> Neverf, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m., 61060. Not
previously recorded in this section of Venezuela, where it is known
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 839
locally as "Santo Domingo." The underground stems are edible
when cooked, as are also the fruits.
IRIDACEAE 52
RORAIMA
Sisyrinchium Marchio (Veil.) Steud.
Gran Sabana, north of Kun between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in
valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065*1220 m.,
59113; between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena,
south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59294. These specimens
belong to a highly complex, variable, yet definite, group, from
which it would be impossible as well as unprofitable to create
segregates at present. This can be done only after the accumula-
tion of much more material and the re-study of numerous types,
mostly in European herbaria. Consequently, the oldest name in
the group has been used, in the broadest sense, for the whole com-
plex. As a group, it is found largely in Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay,
Argentina, and Bolivia; one sheet from Colombia has been seen,
and a number from Mexico and Central America. This Venezuelan
material is the first from that country to be seen by the writer.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Sisyrinchium tinctorium H.B.K.
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras,
northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62084. SUCRE: Cerro
Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting
base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m.,
62626. Although S. tinctorium was originally described from south-
eastern Venezuela, collections from that country are still rather
uncommon in herbaria. Known also from Mexico and Central America,
Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia, Very variable in height and in the
relative lengths of inner and outer spathes.
Trimezia meridensis Herb.
MONAGAS: rocky open slopes between Caripe and San Agustih,
alt. 900-950 m., 61791. The determination of this collection is
doubtful, since most of the material is in fruit; unquestionably it
belongs in the group of T. martinicensis. The species was originally
(and rather inadequately) described from Venezuelan material.
The genus Trimezia at the present time is badly in need of re-
vision. It may eventually be proven that T. martinicensis (Jacq.)
Herb, is synonymous with T. meridensis.
52lridaceae by Robert C. Foster
840 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
MUSACEAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Ravenala guianensis (L. C. Rich.) Benth.
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58067. This species was encountered
in large numbers under a canopy of Maximiliana regia, Jessenia
polycarpa, and Oenocarpus bacaba. The strikingly fan-shaped
arrangement of the ascending leaves at the summit of a trunk 10-12
meters tall and 12.5 cm. in diameter is very characteristic of the
native Ravenala. The leaf blades are dull green above and below,
the petioles are glaucous, the bracts and rachis of the inflores-
cence are glaucous, while the flowers are greenish and white; the
upper petal is white with olive-green on the margins and tip, and
the other petals are similar. This is the first record of the species
for Venezuela.
ZINGIBERACEAE
PTARI-TEPUl'
Renealmia hum His (A. Rich.) O. G. Peters.
Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Ri'o Pacairao,
below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60537.
Known locally as "a-marma-yek," this species has not been re-
ported previously from Venezuela. It is also known from French
Guiana.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Costus cylindricus Jacq.
ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada D an ta, tribu-
tary to Rio Never!, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m., 61083. Pre-
viously known in Venezuela only from the vicinity of Caracas.
Locally known as "cana la India," the stems of this species are
crushed together with sugar cane or with the guarapo of the sugar
cane in the preparation of a jelly that is used to treat pneumonia
and fevers.
Curcuma zedoaria (Bergius) Roscoe.
MONAGAS: cultivated at Las Delicias, above Caripe, alt. 1000
m. , 62285. This species has not been reported previously in culti-
vation in Venezuela. It is native of the Old World. The flowers and
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 841
floral bracts are very showy. The flowering stems appear above
ground from creeping rhizomes, the leaves not being present at this
stage.
Renealmia geostachys K. Schum.
ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita,"
between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 1000-
1450 m., 61409. The identity of this plant is questionable; the
species has not been reported hitherto from Venezuela. Locally it
is known as "conopia." It is believed that pains may be alleviated
by applying a heated leaf to the place where pain is felt. An ink
is sometimes prepared from the fruit.
ANDES
Renealmia thyrsoidea (R. & P.) Poepp. & Endl.
ME RID A: woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino,
north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55807. This Andean species
has not previously been reported from Venezuela. The present
determination is questionable.
Known locally as "istu" this plant is an interesting one in the
region, because of the uses to which it is applied. The mature
purple flesh of the fruit is used in the making of ink; the dried
leaves are often placed over cuts or scratches to act as a sort of
bandage or cover; the most interesting application of the fruit is
that the seeds, when toasted and mashed, are made into a cafe'
type of beverage; also, when taken with coffee, they are said to aid
in childbirth and serve as a remedy for chills and colds. The flesh
of the fruit is reported to be used in soups and is considered to have
nutritive properties.
MARANTACEAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Ischnosiphon obliquus (Rudge) Koern.
Between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at south-
eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57894. Not previously
recorded from the Upper Orinoco of Venezuela.
RORAIMA
Ischnosiphon aruma (Aubl.) Koern.
Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rib
Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena,
842 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59225. Not previously re-
corded from the Venezuelan Guayana. This herb is a useful one Ln
the economy of the natives of this region. Known as "manare"
("tirita") the hard epidermis of the stems is split into lengths,
which are woven into baskets for carrying cargo on the backs of the
Indians. These carrier baskets are known as guayares.
PTARI-TEPUI
Ischnosiphon aruma (Aubl.) Koern.
Vicinity of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60915. As
in the region of Roraima, this plant is known locally to the Indians
as "manare," and has the same use as that given above under
Roraima.
Ischnosiphon gracilis (Rudge) Koern.
Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, alt. 915-1065 m., 60557.
The determination has been made by Dr. J. Idrobo. This collection
is the type of /. Lasseriana Steyermark. The species has not been
previously recorded for Venezuela.
Monotagma laxum (Poepp. & Endl.) Schum.
Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao,
below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915-1065 m., 60590. Not
previously recorded from the Venezuelan Guayana. In this area it
is known to the Taurepan Indians as "tale-de-ya" ("casupo" is the
Spanish name).
Monotagma spicatum (Aubl.) Macbr.
Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first
ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60616. The determina-
tion has been made by Dr. J. Idrobo. This species has not been
previously reported from Venezuela. It occurs in Dutch and British
Guiana.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Calathea casupito (Jacq.) Mey.
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas,
tributary of Rio Neverf, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia,"
northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61454. This species is
locally common in this region. It has not been previously recorded
from the Oriente of Venezuela.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 843
Calathea villosa Lindl. var. pardina (Planch. & Lindl.) Koern.
SUCRE: southern slopes of Ceiro Imposible, between Cedeno
and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220
m., 62820. BOLIVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on
road to San Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m.,
57724. The variety has not been reported previously from Vene-
zuela. The species has not been recorded as far east in Venezuela.
Monotagma spicatum (Aubl.) Macbr.
MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,
tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between
Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62202. The determination has
been made by Dr. J. Idrobo. For comment on distribution of this
species, refer to note under Ptari-tepui.
ANDES
Maranta lutea Jacq. (Stromanthe lutea Qacq.] Eichl.).
ME RID A: along forested slopes of river, between Hacienda Agua
Blanca above La Azulita and Rio Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56153; rich
forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar,
alt. 545-915 ro. , 56717. This species has not been reported pre-
viously from the Venezuelan Andes, where it occurs at the relatively
lower elevations as in the Cordillera de la Costa. Dr. J. Idrobo has
determined the collections cited above.
BURMANNIACEAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Burmannia flava Mart.
Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro
Duida, alt. 200 m., 57800. Not previously recorded from the Duida
region.
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Gymnosiphon arcuatus Urb.
Between Aguita and summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 945 m., 58390.
This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela.
The determination is questionable.
844 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Gymnosiphon cymosus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook.
Saprophyte on humus in pockets between trees, southeastern-
facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt.
700 m., 57959. This species has not been reported previously
from Venezuela.
RORAIMA
Burmannia flava Man.
Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa
Elena, south of Mount Rorairaa, alt. 915-1005 m., 59271. The spe-
cies has not been reported previously from the Roraima region.
Burmannia flava Mart. yar. macroptera Jonk.
Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa
Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59271a. This
variety has not been reported previously from Venezuela.
PTARI-TEPUI
Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnh. var. hymenanthera (Miq.) Jonk.
Saprophyte in moist woods along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-
tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60802. Not previously re-
corded from Venezuela, the variety is known from the Guianas,
Brazil, and the West Indies, while the species ranges from the
southern United States to Brazil, Bolivia and the West Indies.
Burmannia bicolor Mart.
Moist sandy ground, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa
Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rib Karuai, on large mesa,
alt. 1220m., 59326.
Gymnosiphon cornutus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook.
Saprophyte on south-facing densely forested slopes between Rio
Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m.,
59437. The species has not been reported previously from
Venezuela. The determination is questionable.
Gymnosiphon mattogrossensis (Malme) Jonk.
Common saprophyte on south-facing densely forested .slopes be-
tween Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-
1520 m., 59429. Like the above, this species has not hitherto been
reported from Venezuela, but the identification is questionable.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 845
I CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Dictyostega orobanchoides (Hook.) Miers.
ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peoma (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita,"
between Rio Leon and Bergantfn, northeast of Bergantih, ak. 1000-
1450 m., 61419.
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Duckiella sp.
Sabana Grande, northeast of Esmeralda, at southeastern base of
Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 58409. Only immature buds present.
This is a slender plant with basal tufts of linear, equitant leaves.
The genus has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
Pogonia sp.
Savanna between Sabana Grande and southeastern base of Cerro
Duida, alt. 200 m., 57884. Only immature buds are present. The
plant is tall, slender, with a single appressed lanceolate-linear leaf
and a strictly branching inflorescence.
Epidendrum ibaguense H.B.K.
Terrestrial in open savanna and igneous rock outcrops, Puerto
Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58515.
A widespread and variable species. Mexico, Central America,
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and probably Bolivia.
Catasetum discolor (Lindl.) Lindl.
Epiphyte in leaf-bases of Mauritia palm in Sabana Grande, north-
east of Esmeralda, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215
m., 58403; terrestrial among rock outcrops below mouth of Rio Sana-
riapo, along Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58440.
Also British Guiana, Surinam, and Brazil.
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Pogonia sp.
Terrestrial on summit of Cerro Duida, on top of high moist ridge,
alt. 1820-2075 m., 58314. No flowers present, apparently allied to,
if not referable to P. stricta C. Schweinf.
53 Orchidaceae by Charles Schweinfurth
846 PEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Psilochilus macrophyllus (Lindl.) Ames.
Pogonia macrophyllus Lindl.
Terrestrial in steep woods, southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs
near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1330-1660 m.,
58052.
Also Guatemala, Costa Rica, the West Indies, and Peru.
Epidendrum brae hyphy Hum Lindl.
Terrestrial, on face of moist exposed cliff with large bromeliads
(Brocchinia Tatei) growing on vertical bluffs, southeastern-facing
sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt.
1500 m., 58037.
Epidendrum sp. aff. E. teretifolium Sw.
Epiphyte in steep woods, southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs
near Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo Iguapo), alt. 1330-1660 m.,
58053. Plant medium-sized; leaves narrowly linear, longitudinally
sulcate, more or less recurved.
Polycycnis surinamensis C. Schweinf., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 75:
224. fig. 17. 1948.
Terrestrial, southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs, near Cano
Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58016.
Surinam. New to Venezuela.
Koellensteinia graminea (Lindl.) Rchb. f.
Epiphyte, in forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano
Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58088.
Maxillaria Quelchii Rolfe. ex char.
Terrestrial on summit of Cerro Duida, on top of high moist ridge,
alt. 1820-2075 m., 58325.
Previously known only from Mount Roraima.
RORAIMA
Habenaria entomantha (Llav. & Lex.) Lindl.
Savanna, Gran Sabana, in woods bordering Rio Kukenan, between
Kun and base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-1065 m> 58552; between
Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount
Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59298.
Pogonia sp. aff. P. divaricata (L.) R. Br.
Terrestrial on dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall
at Rue'-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 847
Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065
m., 59205. Only fruit present; tall stout, unifoliate plant.
Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl.
Terrestrial, among bushes along margins of Central Swamp, sum-
mit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of the summit, alt. 2700-2740
m., 58903.
This collection is probably to be referred to the above species.
The coriaceous leaves and stout scape "are abnormal, but the in-
florescence is incomplete in the specimen cited.
Ponthieva sp.
Terrestrial on southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon
Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58962.
The present collection is probably to be referred to this genus.
It is a tall plant with basal rosette of 6 lanceolate-elliptic, acumi-
nate, long-petioled leaves and long loose raceme.
Malaxis Maguirei C. Schweinf.
Terrestrial, on moist mossy boulders over bluffs or crevasses,
southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base
of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040 m., 58979.
Known previously only from Surinam, this is the first Venezuelan
record for the species.
Epidendrum brachyphyllum Lindl.
Terrestrial, summit of Mount Roraima, on northwest portion north
and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58855; terrestrial
on forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040
m., 58686; terrestrial, in meadow, vicinity of Rondon Camp, on
southwest-facing slopes, alt. 2040 m., 58940.
Widely distributed in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Epidendrum ramosum Jacq. var. lanceolatum Griseb.
Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, southwest-facing forested slopes
between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255
m., 58794.
Previously known from Central America and the West Indies.
Apparently previously unrecorded from South America.
Epidendrum repens Cogn.
Pendent epiphyte from mossy tree trunk, southwest-facing forested
slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt.
2040-2255 m., 58968.
848 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Polystachya nana (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.
Epiphyte on tree, wooded margin of Uiaren River, Gran Sabana,
between Divina Pastora and Santa Elena, south of Mount Rorairaa,
alt. 915-1005 m., 59289.
Known also from the West Indies, British Guiana, Surinam, north-
ern Brazil, and Peru.
Galeandra Beyrichii Rchb. f.
Terrestrial, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukena'n,
at base of Mount Roraima, Gran Sabana, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58590.
Vernacular name: "murmura" (which signifies in Spanish "name
de monte").
Known also from Florida, the West Indies, Colombia, Brazil, and
perhaps Peru.
Bletia florid a (Salisb.) R. Br.
Terrestrial, in forested south west- facing quebrada pear Rondon
Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58650.
Known also from the West Indies and Colombia.
Catasetum planiceps Lindl.
Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rib Kukenan,
at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58568. Vernacular
name: "muramu" or "cebolleta."
Known also from British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, and perhaps
Peru.
Maxillaria meridensis Lindl.
Epiphyte on tree branch, southwest-facing forested slopes be-
tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255
m., 58986.
Known also from Guadeloupe, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Maxillaria xantholeuca Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf.
Epiphyte on tree branch, southwest-facing forested slopes between
Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58946.
This variety of an Ecuadorian species, the variety originally de-
scribed from Peru, is new to Venezuela.
Dichaea pendula (Aubl.) Cogn.
Epiphyte on branch of tree in rich wet woods, ascent of ledge
along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m., 58728.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 849
This collection is probably to be referred to the above species.
The flowers seen with the collection were rather poor for certain
identification. The species ranges also in Costa Rica, French
Guiana, and Brazil.
PTARI -TEPllf
Selenipedium palm (folium (Lindl.) Reichb. f.
Terrestrial, in woods, southeastern portion of base of Carrao-
tepuf, alt. 1460-1615 m., 60854. The leaves are unusually narrow
in this specimen, but it probably is to be referred to this species.
The species is known also in Trinidad, British Guiana, Surinam,
French Guiana, and Brazil. It has not been previously recorded
from Venezuela.
Phragmipedium Klotzschianum (Reichb. f.) Rolfe.
Terrestrial in masses, common along rocky sandy streambank,
vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms.
east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m.,
60487. Known otherwise only from the Roraima area.
Phragmipedium Lindleyanum (Schomb.) Rolfe.
On boulder, crest of Sororopan-tepui between east and west end,
alt. 2255 m., 60104. Known otherwise only from Mount Roraima.
Ilabenaria caldensis Kranzl.
Woods in draw, on summit of Sororopan-tepui", alt. 2225*2255 ni>
60099. The anterior lobe of petal is shorter than typical.
The species has also been found in Venezuela on Auyan-tepui',
and is otherwise known from British Guiana, Brazil, and Peru.
Habenaria parviflora Lindl.
Rocky hematite exposures on open slopes, summit of Sororopa'n-
tepuf at west end, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60059.
Also known from Colombia, British Guiana, Ecuador, Brazil,
Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina.
Habenaria roraimensis Rolfe.
Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on south west- facing
shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2200 m., 59771.
This is the first record outside of Rorairaa, the type locality.
Habenaria sp.
Terrestrial on Sororopan-tepuf, wooded ridge between quebrada
and waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru'-meru), alt. 1656-1980 m., 60200.
850 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
The plant is rather large, with elliptic -lanceolate leaves and a
long, many-flowered raceme. The flowers are not in a satisfactory
condition for certain determination.
Pogonia sp. aff. P. monantha Rodr.
Terrestrial by wooded streamlet, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro
between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60126. The plant is more
or less 5.5 dm. tall, with 1 or several elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic
leaves. As only immature buds are present, it is not possible to be
absolutely certain of the specific identification.
Epistephium macrophyllum Schltr.
Border of woods in savanna, Gran Sabana, bordering forest near
Rio Karuai, northwest of Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen,
alt. 1220 m., 59402.
Originally described from Peru, and previously recorded from
Venezuela only from Auyan-tepui. The present collection has
smaller leaves than is typical.
Epistephium parviflorum Lindl.
Common in savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio
Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-
tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60349.
The species occurs also in Trinidad, British Guiana, and Brazil.
Elleanthus capitatus (R. Br.) Reichb. f.
Epiphyte on trunk of Podocarpus, forested sandstone south-facing
slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800
m., 59709.
The species occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West
Indies, Ecuador, and Peru.
Elleanthus linifolius Presl.
Epiphyte on prostrate tree trunk, south-facing densely forested
slopes of Ptari-tepui, between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia
Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59436.
The species occurs also in Mexico and Central America, the West
Indies, Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, and
Peru.
Sobralia liliastrum Lindl.
Dry rocky thickets on uneven ground, Gran Sabana, between
Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rio Karuaf,
on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59387; terrestrial, near stream on
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 851
savanna-covered slope toward east end of Sororopan-tepuf, alt.
2255 m., 60117.
The species is also known in British Guiana and Brazil.
Sobralia stenophylla Lindl.
On rocks at base of waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western
end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m. r 60221; beside fast water, in
savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between
Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepul, alt. 1220 m.,
60338.
The species also occurs in British Guiana.
Sobralia sp. aff. S. violacea Linden ex Lindl.
Common terrestrial plant on forested sandstone, south-facing
slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp" of Ptari-tepuf,
alt. 1700-1800 m., 59698.
The plant is atypical with smooth stems.
Sobralia sp.
Terrestrial in woods along slopes of waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-
meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60219.
Prescottia oligantha (Sw.) Lindl.
Terrestrial, Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60052.
Known previously in Venezuela from Auyan-tepuf. The species
occurs also in Florida, Mexico, Central America, and the West
Indies.
Stelis muscifera Lindl.
Epiphyte on tree trunk on forested south-facing slopes overlying
sandstone on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepuf, alt.
1810 m., 59520.
The species is known only from Venezuela.
Stelis sp.
Terrestrial on rocky hematite outcrops on open slopes on west
end of summit of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60062. A
medium-sized plant, cespitose, with oblong-linear leaves and short
solitary strict racemes.
As no flowers are present, it is not possible to refer this collec-
tion to any known species with certainty.
Masdevallia sp. aff. M. picturata Rchb. f.
Epiphyte on slender mossy branches, south-facing forested slopes
overlying sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850
852 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
m., 59812. A small plant, cespitose; stems abbreviated; leaves
narrowly oblanceolate; scapes filiform, naked, 1 -flowered.
As the collection is in fruit only, the specific determination is
not certain.
Lepanthes duidensis A. & S.
Epiphyte on branch, south-facing forested slopes overlying sand-
stone just northeast of "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepui', alt. 1800-1850
m., 59820.
Apparently restricted to the sandstone table-mountains of Vene-
zuela. Previously known only from Duida.
Pleurothallis Broadway! Ames.
Epiphyte on tree, forested sandstone south-facing slopes between
plateau portion and "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepui, alt. 1700-1800 m.,
59708.
The species has been recorded in Venezuela only from the Isla
Margarita. It is otherwise known from Mexico, Central America,
and the West Indies.
Pleurothallis roraimensis Rolfe.
Epiphyte on branches of tree, on densely forested steep south-
facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and
moist base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59562;
epiphyte on tree branch, along base of east-facing high sandstone
bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59945.
Apparently restricted to certain table -mountains of Venezuela.
Pleurothallis semipellucida Rchb. f.
Terrestrial on mossy hump, on forested south-facing slopes over-
lying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810
m., 59572.
Known also from Trinidad, Peru, and Bolivia.
Pleurothallis stenopetala Lodd. ex Lindl.
Epiphyte on Hirtella macrophylla, lower portion of Quebrada
O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen, alt. 91 5"! 065 m., 60564. This collection, in mature
fruit, probably is to be referred to this species.
Pleurothallis uncinata Fawc.
Epiphyte on branch, on south-facing densely forested slopes of
Ptari-tepui between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp,"
alt. 1500-1520 m., 59477.
This is the first record of the species from Venezuela. It is
otherwise known from Costa Rica, Panama, and Jamaica.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 853
Pleurothallis vaginata Schltr.
Terrestrial on densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes over-
lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone
bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59550.
This species is also known from Costa Rica, Guadeloupe, British
Guiana, Peru, and Bolivia. It is not included among the orchids in
the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana.
Pleurothallis Wilsonii Lindl. aff.
Creeping on trunk, on wooded ridge between quebrada and water-
fall (Salto de Iwaracaru-meru) of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1656-1980 m.,
60198.
This species has previously been recorded only from the West
Indies. As the present collection is in fruit only, its determination
is not certain.
Pleurothallis sp.
Terrestrial or on rocky places, along base of east-facing high
sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59932. A medium-
sized plant; stems conspicuous with few large tubular sheaths; leaf
elliptic-oblong; inflorescence solitary, shorter than the leaf. Since
the collection is in fruit only, its exact identity is uncertain.
Brachionidium brevicaudatum Rolfe.
Epiphyte on log, rich woods on ridge just below summit of
Sororopan-tepiu, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60047.
Known previously only from Roraima, the type locality.
Octomeria sp. aff. O. parvifolia Rolfe.
Epiphyte on trunk of Bonnetia roraimae, summit of Carrao-tepuf,
alt. 2470-2500 m., 60907. Plant small, stems prominent, leaf linear.
The flowers present are unsatisfactory for certain identification.
Liparis elata Lindl.
Terrestrial on south-facing, densely forested slopes of Ptari-
tepuf between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt.
1500-1520 m., 59443.
Known also from Florida, Mexico, Central America, the West
Indies, and all of northern South America.
Hexisia reflexa Rchb. f.
Epiphyte on tree in wooded ravine below edge of mesa between
Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and wooded quebrada about 8 kms.
northwest of Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60464. Vernacular name:
854 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
"ye-pa-kum" (the general name used for "parasita" by the Indians
of this area).
The species occurs also in the West Indies, Surinam, and Brazil.
Epidendrum brachyphyllum Lindl.
Terrestrial on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,
on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1810m.,
59516; common on Sororopan-tepuf, crest of cerro between east and
west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60158; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp,"
on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m.,
60275.
Widely distributed in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Epidendrum caespitosum Rodr.
Terrestrial in scrubby forest at margin of swampy meadow, vicinity
of "Misia Kathy Camp" on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan-
tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60245; terrestrial in savanna and shrubby growth
bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavana-
ye'n and base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60325. The erect tall
stems vary from nearly 2 to over 3 meters tall.
This species has not previously been recorded from Venezuela.
It is known otherwise from Brazil and Colombia.
Epidendrum carnosum Lindl.
Terrestrial on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui in Bonnetia
roraimae forest, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59733; common terrestrial plant
in Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on south west- facing
shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2200 m., 59783; vicinity of "Misia
Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepuf,
alt. 1615 m., 60246.
Previously recorded in Venezuela from Mount Duida. Known other-
wise in Brazil, British Guiana, and Guadeloupe.
Epidendrum coriifolium Lindl.
Epiphyte on tree trunk along stream above waterfall, Salto de
Iwaracanf-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m.,
60223. Lip slightly indented on each side.
Previously recorded in Venezuela from Auyan-tepui'. The species
is also known from Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, and Peru.
Epidendrum crassilabium Poepp. & Endl.
E. variegatum Hook, is a synonym.
Epiphyte on Chaetocarpus stipularis by fast water, in savanna and
shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Tere-
sita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60337.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 855
The species also occurs in Costa Rica, Panama, the West Indies,
Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
Epidendrum ibaguense H.B.K.
E. Schomburgkii Lindl. is a synonym.
Terrestrial along streamlet, Gran Sabana, between Mission of
Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large
mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59348; savanna and shrubby growth bordering
forest of Ri'o Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and
base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60328; Sororopan-tepui, crest of
cerro between east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60159.
A widespread and variable species, occurring in Mexico, Central
America, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and probably Bolivia.
Epidendrum Miersii Lindl.
Terrestrial, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between
Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1615 m., 60276.
Previously recorded in Venezuela from Roraima. The species is
otherwise known from British Guiana and Brazil.
Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq.
Terrestrial on rocky exposures, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro
between east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60114; terrestrial on
rocky exposures, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and
west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60133.
The species also occurs in Florida, Mexico, Central America,
the West Indies, all of northern South America, and Sierra Leone,
Africa, where probably introduced.
Epidendrum oncidioides Lindl.
Epiphyte among lower branches of shrubs in woods, lower south-
eastern slopes of Carrao-tepui, alt. 1675-1980 m., 60870.
The species is also found in Mexico, Central America, and most
of South America.
Epidendrum ramosum Jacq. var. lanceolatum Griseb.
Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk on forested south-facing slopes over-
lying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock,"
Ptari-tepui, alt. 1810-2100 m., 59535.
As previously noted under the section treating Roraima, this
variety has not previously been recorded from South America.
Epidendrum repens Cogn.
Epiphyte dangling from mossy tree trunk, on forested south-facing
856 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp,"
Ptari-tepul, alt. 1810 m., 59522.
The species also occurs in Mexico, Central America, and the
West Indies.
Epidendrum teretifolium Sw.
Epiphyte on tree on forested sandstone, south-facing slopes
between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1700-
1800 m., 59722.
The species alst> occurs in Mexico, Central America, and the
West Indies.
Epidendrum tigrinum Linden ex Lindl.
Terrestrial on south-facing, densely forested slopes overlying
sandstone, vicinity of "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1800 m.,
59966.
Also occurs in Colombia, British Guiana, Ecuador, and Bolivia.
Epidendrum violascens Ridl.
Terrestrial on exposed top of big boulder, in Bonnetia roraimae
forest on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2000-2200
m., 59765.
This species is restricted to the table-mountains of Venezuela.
Epidendrum sp.
Epiphyte on living trunk of Geonoma, along base of high south-
facing, sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepul, alt. 2419 m., 59895. Plant
tall; stems subremote on a creeping rhizome, distichously leaved
above; leaves subremote, oblong-elliptic, rather large; peduncle
short; inflorescence loosely paniculate with simple ascending
branches. An old flower is present on the summit of the mature
ellipsoid fruit, but certain identification is not possible.
Scaphy glottis grandiflora A. & S.
On top of big boulder on south-facing, densely fores ted slopes
overlying sandstone, vicinity of Cave Rock, "" Ptar i-tepui, alt.
1800 m., 59962.
Recorded formerly only from Mount Duida.
Scaphyglottis sp.
Epiphyte on tree in scrubby forest at margin of swampy meadow,
vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and
Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60249. Plant rather small; stems
superposed, relatively short, branching at the nodes; leaves in
pairs at the nodes, linear; flowers axillary, very small. The flowers
are too old for certain identification.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 857
Scaphyglottis sp.
Epiphyte on tree trunk, wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma,
between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rib Pacairao (tributary
of Rio Mouak), alt. 1 065-1220 m., 60382. Buds only are present on
this specimen. The plant is tall, very slender; stems clavate, long-
stipitate below, 1 -leaved at the apex; leaf erect, elongate, narrowly
linear; peduncle axillary, short, loosely few-flowered. Without
mature flowers certain identification is not possible.
Isochilus linearis (Jacq.) R. Br.
Epiphyte on Hirtella macrophylla in lower portion of Quebrada
O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kava-
nayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60563.
A widespread species occurring in Mexico, Central America, the
West Indies, -South America south to Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.
Bletia florida (Salisb.) R. Br.
Terrestrial, near streamlet, Sororopa'n-tepui, crest of cerro be-
tween east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60145.
The species occurs also in the West Indies and Colombia.
Bulbophyllum geraense Rchb. f.
Terrestrial, on dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level
ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing
slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m., 59674.
In Venezuela this species has been recorded previously only
from Roraima. It is also known to occur in Brazil.
Bulbophyllum Warmingianum Cogn.
Epiphyte on tree trunk in dense forest along Rio Karuai between
base of Ptari-tepuf and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375
m., 60611.
This species also occurs in Brazil. It is not recorded in the
Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana.
Cyrtopodium Broadway! Ames.
Terrestrial, in savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of
Rib Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of
Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60350.
Previously unreported from Venezuela, this species is known
otherwise from Trinidad.
Catasetum discolor (Lindl.) Lindl.
Terrestrial on rocks, Sororopan-tepui', crest of cerro between
east and west ends, alt. 2255 m.,; 60116; terrestrial over rocky
858 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
surfaces in savanna, along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui,
west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60749.
Reported previously in Venezuela from Roraima and the Alto
Orinoco. The species also occurs in British Guiana, Surinam,
and Brazil.
Eriopsis biloba Lindl.
Terrestrial, Sororopan-tepu/, crest of cerro between east and
west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60138.
Recorded in Venezuela previously from Roraima. The species
also occurs in Peru.
Houlletia roraimensis Rolfe.
Terrestrial on steep forested slopes at base of first line of sand-
stone bluffs, on south-facing part of Ptari-tepuf, east of "Cave
Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59864.
Previously recorded only from Roraima. Apparently restricted to
the table-mountains of Venezuela.
Otostylis brachystalix (Rchb. f.) Schltr.
Terrestrial on south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1675 ni.,
60970.
The species occurs also in Trinidad, BritisTi Guiana, and Colom-
bia. In Venezuela it has been recorded previously only from Auyan-
tepui'.
Zygopetalum Burkei Rchb. f.
Epiphyte on low shrubs in swamp of dwarf bushes with
Heliamphora, Stegolepis, and Bonnetia, southeastern portion at base
of Carrao-tepu/, alt. 1460-1615 m., 60855.
In Venezuela this species has been previously recorded from
Roraima and Auyan-tepuf. It occurs also in British Guiana.
Zygopetalum venustum Ridl.
Terrestrial in sandy savanna, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp,"
on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m.,
60254.
This species is known only from the Roraima region. In the
present collection the flowers are too old for certain identification.
Maxillaria attenuata A. & S.
Epiphyte on tree on steep, densely forested, south-facing slopes
overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sand-
stone bluffs of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59539.
This species is new to South America. It had been found pre-
viously only in Costa Rica.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 859
Maxillaria aurea (Poepp. & Endl.) L. O. Wms. var. gigantea (Lindl.)
C. Schweinf.
Terrestrial on steep, densely forested, south-facing slopes over-
lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone
bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59575; same habitat, just
northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59821.
This variety also occurs in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.
Maxillaria brunnea Linden & Rchb. f.
Epiphyte in dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna be-
tween base of Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepuT, alt. 1220 m., 60773.
This species has heretofore been recorded only from Colombia.
Maxillaria Connellii Rolfe.
Epiphyte on tree trunk on steep, densely forested, south-facing
slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high
sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59538.
Originally described from Roraima, and previously known only
from that locality. The present collection has the flower slightly
smaller than in typical M. Connellii.
Maxillaria meridensis Lindl.
Terrestrial, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,
on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepui, alt. 1810 m.,
59494; terrestrial on top of boulder in Bonnetia roraimae forest on
southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59764; terrestrial,
on large boulder on south- facing forested slopes overlying sand-
stone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59809.
The species also occurs in Guadeloupe, Colombia, Ecuador, and
Peru.
Maxillaria xantholeuca Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf.
Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, on steep, densely forested, south-
facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base
of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 nu, 59546.
This variety, described from Peruvian collections, has not been
previously reported from Venezuela.
Trigonidium tenue Lodd.
Epiphyte on tree, lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary
of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065
m., 60545.
Previously unrecorded from Venezuela. The species is found
also in British Guiana, Surinam, northern Brazil, and Peru.
860 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Brassia Wageneri Rchb. f.
Terrestrial on boulders in open situations, vicinity of Salto de
Pacairao bordering Rfo Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of
Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60509.
The species also occurs in Colombia and British Guiana.
Oncidium nigratum Lindl. & Paxt.
Terrestrial on forested south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui overlying
sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 ro.,
59488.
Previously recorded in Venezuela from Rorairaa. Also known
from British Guiana.
Dichaea muricata (Sw.) Lindl.
Pendent epiphyte at base of tree trunk, on lower south-facing
slopes of Ptari-tepui' between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio
Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60692. Although no flowers were seen, the
present collection probably pertains to this species.
A widespread and variable species, ranging from Mexico to
Panama, the West Indies, British Guiana, French Guiana, Colombia,
Ecuador, and Brazil.
Dichaea pendula (Aubl.) Cogn.
On steep, densely forested, south-facing slopes overlying sand-
stone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs of
Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59555.
The species also occurs in Costa Rica, French Guiana, and
Brazil.
Campylocentrum micranthum (Lindl.) Rolfe.
Epiphyte on tree along Rio Karuai, in dense forest at base of
Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60622.
A widespread species extending from Mexico, through Central
America, the West Indies, Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, French
Guiana, Brazil, and Peru.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Habenaria parviflora Lindl.
SUCRE: in swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing
headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000
m., 62701.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 861
Vanilla inodora Schiede.
ANZ GATE GUI: rather dry forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bor-
dering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 800-1100
m., 61110. Vernacular name: "vainilla." The crude sap of the
plant is reputed to be used locally in the treatment of liver ailments.
As the specimen has only immature fruits and no flowers, the
determination is only tentative. The species has not been reported
previously from Venezuela, but occurs in Mexico, Central America,
the West Indies, Trinidad, British Guiana, Surinam, and perhaps
Brazil.
Elleanthus furfuraceous (Lindl.) Rchb. f.
MONAGAS: on boulder, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las
Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62078. SUCRE:
on big boulders just west of Boqueron, Cerro Turumiquire, between
eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered
knife-edge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62664.
Both of these collections differ from the type in having many
flowers in the raceme. The species occurs also in Colombia, Peru,
and perhaps Ecuador.
Elleanthus linifolius Presl.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Platymiscium along Rib Leon, north-
east of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m. , 61427; epiphyte on Toulicia megalo-
carpa, headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, between
Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400 m.,
61719. MONAGAS: epiphyte on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of
Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe,
alt. 850 m., 62156.
The species occurs in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies,
Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
Gomphicis viscosa (Reichb. f.) Schltr.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on trunk of dead tree 25 feet above
ground, in cloud forest of Fila Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La
Tigra, Cerro San Jose', between Bergantin and Cerro Peonia (Cerro
Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m., 61543. MONAGAS: terrestrial
around summit of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras,
northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62112. SUCRE: terrestrial,
Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and
zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62517.
Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera
de la Costa.
862 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Prescottia oligantha (Sw.) Lindl.
ANZOATEGUI: on exposed shaly spots on crest, steep south-
facing slopes above tree zone, Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos),
above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Man ami ales, east of Bergantfn,
alt. 1800-2000 m., 61601.
Not previously recorded from the Cordillera de la Costa.
Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl.
MONAGAS: terrestrial on top of ridge, Montana de Aguacate,
along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of
Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m.,
62227.
Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera
de la Costa. The species also occurs in Mexico, Central America,
the West Indies, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil.
Ponthieva racemosa (Walt.) Mohr.
ANZOATEGUI: on boulder along Rio Zumbador and tributary,
near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000
m., 61320. MONAGAS: on meadowy slopes between La Sabana de
las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500
m., 61808. Possibly 62567 from Cerro Turumiquire, state of Sucre,
belongs here.
This species also occurs in the southeastern United States,
Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, and Ecuador.
Spiranthes elata (Sw.) L. C. Rich.
MONAGAS: on boulder at edge of cafetal, below limestone bluffs,
Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of
Caripe, alt. 1000 m., 61873; terrestrial on rock, steep north-facing
forested limestone slopes of Cerro Guacharo, above limestone bluffs
above La Laguna, between Gua'charo Cave and San Agustfn, alt.
1100-1300 m., 62020.
The species also occurs in Florida, Mexico, Central America, the
West Indies and South America to Brazil and Argentina.
Spiranthes orchioides (Sw.) A. Rich.
MONAGAS: terrestrial in exposed savanna, vicinity of La Cuchilla,
between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62266.
The species occurs also in Florida, Mexico, Central America, the
West Indies, and South America to Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.
Erythrodes procera (Schltr.) Ames.
Physurus procerus Schltr.
ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial along Rio Zumbador and tributary,
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 863
near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000
m., 61309.
This species occurs also in Colombia and Dominican Republic.
Stelis Endresii Reichb. f.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Calliandra polyphylla, in woods along
Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Neverf, northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 67043.
This species was not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Vene-
zolana and is here recorded for the first time. The species occurs
also in Costa Rica, Panama, Brazil, and Peru.
Stelis Maderoi Schltr. ex char.
SUCRE: epiphyte on tree trunk, Cerro Turumiquire, moist
savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak
with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62657.
This species, originally described from Colombia, has not pre-
viously been reported outside of that country.
Stelis tristyla Lindl.
MONAGAS: Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo,
alt. 1500-1620 m., 62323.
Previously recorded only from Mount Roraima and vicinity.
Lepanthes sp. aff. L. rotundifolia L. O. Wms.
MONAGAS : epiphyte on tree, along Quebrada Colorado Grande,
forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, south-
west of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61960. Flower agglutinated;
medium-sized plant; stems 7- to 8-jointed, nearly smooth; leaf sub-
orbicular; inflorescence shorter than the leaf.
The species has been described from Panama.
Pleurothallis sp. aff. P. calyptrostele Schltr.
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon of Quebrada
Danta and Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m.,
61124a. Plant very small, creeping; secondary stems subremote,
abbreviated; leaves elliptic to oblong-obovate.
Pleurothallis chamensis Lindl.
ANZOATEGUI: on exposed boulders, among shrubby dwarfed
growth along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit of Cerro
Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of
Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61650.
MONAGAS: epiphyte on living tree trunk, in dwarf forest on exposed
ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering
864 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m.. 61887; on rocks, Cerro Negro, above
La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m.,
62729.
The species also occurs in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.
Pleurothallis coriacardia Rchb. f.
MONAGAS: on bark of living tree, near summit of Cerro Guacharo,
above Gua'charo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62335.
The present collection is probably to be referred to the above
species, which in Venezuela has been known only from the Andes
of Merida.
Pleurothallis Ghiesbreghtiana A. Rich. & Gal.
MONAGAS : on rock, vicinity of San Agustin, near house of
Roberto Mezzano, in valley northwest of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61866;
on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on
south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62143. The determina-
tion of the latter collection is somewhat in doubt, as the flowers
are past their maturity.
The species was formerly known as P, incompta Rchb. f. It
occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and
Colombia.
Pleurothallis leptopetala Cogn.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree in dense forest along Rio Can-
grejo, tributary to Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500
m., 61176. MONAGAS: epiphyte on tree, open rocky limestone
slopes, summit of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and
bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1300 m., 61932.
This species occurs in Surinam and Trinidad. The present col-
lections are the only ones thus far recorded from Venezuela. The
species was not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana.
Pleurothallis plumosa Lindl. vel aff.
MONAGAS: on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista
Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62152.
On account of the fragmentary condition of the flowers, the deter-
mination of this collection is not certain.
The species occurs also in Costa Rica, Trinidad, and Bolivia.
Pleurothallis ruscifolia (Jacq.) R. Br.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte along Rio Zumbador and tributary,
near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000
m., 61312.
The species occurs also in Costa Rica, Panama, the West Indies,
and all of northern South America.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 865
Pleurothallis semperflorens Lindl.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Chimarrhis cymosa, forested slopes
between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast
of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61141.
The species occurs also in British Guiana, Surinam, and French
Guiana.
Pleurothallis sp. aff. P. velaticaulis Rchb. f.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree trunk, along Rio Zumbador and
tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, .northeast of Berg an tin, <alt.
800-1000 m., 61276. SUCRE: terrestrial in valley between base of
Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turu-
miquire) and Cerro de Neveri, along headwaters of Rio de Amana,
alt. 2000 m., 62717. Both collections are in fruit, so that the spe-
cific determination is not certain. The plants are large, coarse,
cespitose, with stems conspicuous and mostly concealed by large
loose, shining, tubular sheaths; leaves erect, petioled, lamina
elliptic-oblong; inflorescences numerous, diffuse, many-flowered,
much shorter than the leaves.
Liparis cardiophylla Ames vel aff.
SUCRE: terrestrial, on sandstone slopes, Cerro Turumiquire,
between headwaters of Rio Colorado and summit of southern peak,
alt. 2200-2400 m., 62645. The determination is not certain, as only
fruits are present. The plant is medium-sized, with a creeping
rhizome; secondary stems subremote, bearing in about the middle a
round-ovate or suborbicular-cordate leaf and terminating in a rather
loose several-flowered raceme.
The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
Epidendrum cardioglossum Rchb. f.
SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, steep north-facing sand-
stone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt.
2360-2500 m., 62596.
Recorded only from Venezuela.
Epidendrum Hartii Rolfe.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Fissicalyx Fendleri, forested slopes
between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast
of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61125. MONAGAS: epiphyte on tree,
dwarf forest on exposed ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita,
south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61892.
This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
It is known also from Trinidad.
866 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Epidendrum ibaguense H.B.K. var. Schomburgkii (Lindl.)
C. Schweinf.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Calliandra polyphylla, woods along
Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf, northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61042.
The variety occurs also in Brazil, Surinam, British Guiana,
Trinidad, Ecuador, Peru, and perhaps Bolivia.
Epidendrum imatophyllura Lindl.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte in tuft on Inga spuria, woods along Rib
Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Neverf, northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 60996.
This species occurs also in Mexico, Central America, Trinidad,
Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, and
Peru.
Epidendrum Klotzscheanum Rchb. f.
SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, steep, north-facing sand-
stone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt.
2360-2500 m., 62586.
The species also occurs in Colombia.
Epidendrum sp. aff. E. nanum C. Schweinf.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Pouteria simulans tree trunk on top
of ridge, headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, be-
tween Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-
1400 m., 61722. The flowers are too old for certain identification.
They are borne on summit of subglobose fruits. The plants are very
small; stems short, slender, distichously many-leaved; leaves
small, oblong-linear; flower apparently sessile and solitary.
This species, originally described from Peru, has not been re-
ported from Venezuela.
Epidendrum Ottonis Rchb. f.
MONAGAS: on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista
Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62142.
The species is also found in Panama, the West Indies, Colombia,
and Peru.
Epidendrum ramosum Jacq.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Calliandra polyphylla, woods along
Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf, northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61046.
The species is also found in Mexico, Central America, the West
Indies, and northern South America.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 867
Epidendrum sp. aff. E. raphidophorum Lindl.
ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial, cloud forest on wooded summit of
Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters
of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2350 m., 61699. The
plant is in fruit and the old flowers are on the summit of ellipsoid
ovaries; plant very large and stout, up to 1.3 m. high; stem robust,
strongly flattened, many-leaved; leaves distichous, large, lanceolate-
oblong; peduncle short, concealed by 2 large scarious spathes;
raceme densely many-flowered.
Epidendrum rigidiflorum Schltr.
SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, steep north-facing sand-
stone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt.
236O2500 m., 62597.
The species also occurs in Costa Rica, Colombia, and Peru.
It has not been previously reported from Venezuela
Epidendrum rigidum Jacq.
MONAGAS: epiphyte on tree trunk, dwarf forest on exposed
ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering
valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61893; on Erythrina, in coffee
hacienda of Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe,
Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62150.
The species also occurs in Florida, Mexico, Central America,
the West Indies, and northern South America to Bolivia.
Epidendrum teretifolium Sw.
MONAGAS : epiphyte on trunk of Byrsonima, forested summit of
Cerro de Guacharo, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m., 62013.
SUCRE: on big boulders, just west of Boqueron, Cerro Turumiquire,
between eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-
covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62663.
The species occurs also in Mexico, Central America, and the
West Indies.
Brassavola cucullata (L.) R. Br.
MONAGAS: epiphyte near base of tree, forested slopes along top
of sandstone escarpment above Rio Amana, at La Traviesa Mene
Grande Oil Company Camp, 7 kilometers west of Santa Barbara, alt.
244 m., 61758.
The species occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West
Indies, and Colombia.
Scaphyglottis brachyphylla (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf.
MONAGAS: epiphyte on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of Juan
868 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt.
850 m., 62755.
This species has not been reported previously from South Amer-
ica. It is known otherwise only from Costa Rica.
Scaphyglottis Lindeniana (A. Rich. & Gal.) L. O. Wms.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Calliandra polyphylla, woods along
Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri, northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61050.
This species is new to South America. It has been previously
known only from Mexico and Central America.
Bulbophyllum arista turn (Rchb. f.) Hemsl.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree, woods along Rio Leo'n by
Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantfn,
alt. 500 m., 61064.
This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
It is known also in Mexico and Central America.
Mormodes Carton ii Hook.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on boulder, steep south-facing slopes,
on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree
zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, head-
waters of Rib Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m.,
61605.
The determination of this specimen is somewhat uncertain, as
the flowers are rather poor. The species also occurs in Colombia,
and has been recorded from the Venezuelan Andes previously.
Catasetum planiceps Lindl.
MONAGAS: terrestrial on forested slopes along top of sandstone
escarpment above Rib Amana, at La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil
Company Camp, 7 kms. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 244 m., 61756.
The species also occurs in British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, and
perhaps Peru.
Gongora maculata Lindl.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree, dense forest along Rib Can-
grejo, tributary to Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500
m., 61173; by state of Sucre boundary, epiphyte on Brownea leu-
cantha, near confluence of Rib. Leon and Rio Zumbador, northeast
of Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61212.
This species is not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Vene-
zolana. It occurs also in Mexico, Central America, Trinidad, British
Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, and Peru.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 869
Xylobium pallid if lorum (Hook.) Nichols.
MONAGAS: common epiphyte on trees, dwarf forest on exposed
ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering
valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61889.
The species occurs also in the West Indies, Ecuador, Peru, and
Bolivia.
Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Lindl.
ANZOATEGUI: very common epiphyte forming colonies, by state
of Sucre boundary, near confluence of Rio Leo'n and Rio Zumbador,
northeast of Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61205. Probably 61048
from the same general area belongs here, but in fruiting condition
is not of certain determination.
The species occurs also in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia,
and Brazil.
Maxillaria alba (Hook.) Lindl.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Calliandra polyphylla, woods along
Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf, northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61045. The determination is somewhat in
doubt because the flowers are old.
The species is rather widespread, ranging in Guatemala, Hon-
duras, Panama, the West Indies, British Guiana, Surinam, French
Guiana, and Brazil.
Maxillaria Camaridii Rchb. f.
Camaridium ochroleucum Lindl.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree in woods along Rio Leon by
Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Neverf, northeast of Bergantfn,
alt. 500 m., 61067. MONAGAS: epiphyte on Erythrina in coffee
hacienda of Intendente de Tierras y Bosques, on north side of Rio
Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62158.
This species also occurs in Costa Rica (fide Cogniaux), Panama,
the West Indies, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, and Peru.
Maxillaria Connellii Rolfe, ex char.
MONAGAS: on boulder, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las
Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62079. The flowers
are larger than typical in this collection.
The species was originally described from the Roraima region,
and had been known previously only from that area. It has also
been found at Ptari-tepuf, as noted in this report under the Ptari-
tepui' section.
870 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Maxillaria purpurea (Spreng.) Ames & Correll.
Ornithidium vestitum (Sw.) Rchb. f.
MONAGAS: in coffee hacienda of Intendente de Tierras y Bosques,
on north side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 621 58a.
The species occurs also in Guatemala, Honduras, the West Indies,
Surinam, Brazil, and Peru.
Maxillaria valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Nash.
ANZ GATE GUI: epiphyte, pendent on tree in woods along Rio
Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf, northeast of
Bergantm, alt. 500 m., 61082.
The species occurs from Honduras to Panama, Cuba, Colombia,
and Brazil. It was not included in the Catalogo de la Flora
Venezolana.
lonopsis utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl.
ANZ GATE GUI: epiphyte on Erythrina, by state of Sucre boundary,
vicinity of confluence of Rib Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of
Bergantm, alt. 400-500 m., 61230.
This is a widespread and variable species extending from Florida,
Mexico, and Central America, the West Indies, to Brazil, Bolivia,
and Peru. It has not been reported previously from the Oriente
section of the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela.
Brassia Wageneri Rchb. f.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree, by state of Sucre boundary,
vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61184.
The species occurs also in Colombia and British Guiana.
Oncidium glossomystax Rchb. f.
ANZOATEGUI: on branches of Cupania americana, woods along
Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf, northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61077.
The species occurs elsewhere in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and
Brazil. It has not been previously reported from the Oriente section
of the Cordillera de la Costa.
Oncidium obryzatum Rchb. f. & Warsc.
MONAGAS: epiphyte on tree, along Quebrada Colorado Grande,
forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, south-
west of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61961.
This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
It occurs otherwise only in Colombia and Peru.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 871
Oncidium Spruce! Lindl.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte high up in Pterocarpus magnicarpa,
woods along Rib Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf,
northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61022.
This species was not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Vene-
zolana. It is known to occur in Surinam, Brazil, and Bolivia.
Lockhartia elegans Hook.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Fissicalyx Fendleri, forested slopes
between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast
of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61123.
The identification of this collection is uncertain, because the
flowers are rather incomplete. The species occurs also in Trinidad,
British Guiana, French Guiana, and Brazil.
Ornithocephalus gladiatus Hook.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Chimarrhis cymosa, forested slopes
between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast
of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61139
The species occurs also in Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad, and
Bolivia.
Dichaea hystricina Rchb. f.
ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree trunk, Cerro Peonia (Cerro
Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leo'n and Bergantin,
northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m., 61396.
This species is new to South America. It has been found other-
wise from Guatemala to Costa Rica and the West Indies.
Pachyphyllum Pastii Rchb. f.
SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes near
summit of eastern peak, alt. 2200-2500 m., 62568.
This genus has not been reported previously from Venezuela.
The species occurs otherwise in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Campy locentrum micranthum (Lindl.) Rolfe.
M ON A GAS: epiphyte on tree, Montana de Aguacate, along Que-
brada de Pajarral, tributary of Rib Caripe, northeast of Alto de
Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m.,
This species has not been recorded previously from the Oriente
section of the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela, but has been
collected around the Lower Orinoco area. It occurs elsewhere from
Mexico, through Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, Vene-
zuela, British Guiana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, and Peru.
872 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Habenaria strictissima Reichb. f. var. odontopetala (Reichb. f.)
L. 0. Wms.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: shrubby thickets and open grassy slopes
between Venados and Los Flores, Cordillera del Avila, above and
north of Caracas, between Los FloreS and Trifon, alt. 1520-1675 m.,
55727.
This is also found in Florida, the West Indies, Mexico, Guatemala,
Honduras, >and Costa Rica. It has not been previously reported from
Venezuela.
Psilochilus macrophyllus (Lindl.) Ames.
MERIDA: terrestrial, in bamboo woods above Las Cuadras, along
Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55780.
Local name: "picto.' J
This species has not been reported previously from the Venezuelan
Andes. It occurs in Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Indies, and Peru.
Vanilla planifolia Andrews.
BOLIVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on road to San
Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57723. This col-
lection is sterile, so the determination is only tentative.
The species is known from Mexico, Central America, the West
Indies, Surinam, Brazil, and the Pacific Islands (where cultivated).
Elleanthus aurantiacus (Lindl.) Reichb. f.
MERIDA: terrestrial in Paramo de Los Colorados, between El
Molino and San Isidro Alto, alt. 2745-2955 m., 56544.
Not previously recorded from the Andes of Venezuela. The spe-
cies ranges in Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Elleanthus sp. aff. E. Myrosmatis Reichb. f.
TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de
Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57316.
The flowers are poor for certain determination. The species has
not been reported previously from Venezuela.
Sertifera colombiana Schltr.
TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de
Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57332. As no
flowers are present, the specific determination is uncertain.
The genus is new to Venezuela. The species occurs in Colombia.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 873
Gomphicis montana L. O. Wms.
ME RID A: terrestrial in small quebrada, between La Cumbre, San
Jose', and Mucutuy, alt. 182O2590 m., 56245. The plant vegetatively
is very large and at lower altitude than usual.
The species has been known previously only from the type locality
of the Paramo de Tama in the state of Tachira.
Gomphicis valida Reichb. f.
TACHIRA: terrestrial on limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama,
near Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045'3475 m., 57385. The
present collection probably is to be referred to this species.
This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
It occurs also in Bolivia.
Altensteinia paleacea (H.B.K.) Kunth.
MEREDA: below shaded bluff, Laguna Mucubajf, above Los Apar-
taderos, alt. 3625-3655 m., 57496.
The genus and species are new to Venezuela. The species occurs
otherwise only in Peru.
\
Altensteinia paludosa Rchb. f.
ME RID A: on other side of paramo between El Aguila and Aparta-
deros, along headwaters of Rio Chama, alt. 3650-3965 m., 55667.
The species has been previously found only in Peru and Bolivia.
Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl.
ME RID A: terrestrial in woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada
Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55815.
This species has not been recorded previously from the Andes of
Venezuela. It occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West
Indies, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil.
Pterichis galeata Lindl.
TACHIRA: terrestrial in swampy meadow in Paramito between
Quebrada de Palmar and Quebrada de Paramito, at base of Pa'ramo
de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, 'alt.
2500 m., 57214.
This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela.
It occurs also in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
Spiranthes guyanensis (Lindl.) Cogn.
MERIDA: grassy slopes near stream above El Bado, between
Mucuchachi and Canagua', alt. 1065-1820 m., 56330.
874 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
This species was not recorded in the Catalog de la Flora Vene-
zolana. It occurs also in Mexico, Central America, Trinidad, British
Guiana, Surinam, and French Guiana.
Spiranthes nitida (Veil.) Cogn.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Canyon of El Callado, above
Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55535. The determination of this
collection is somewhat uncertain.
The species has not been reported previously from Venezuela.
Spiranthes speciosa (Jacq.) A. Rich.
Stenorrhynchus speciosus Rich.
MERIDA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita,
alt. 2745-3045 m., 57069.
The species has not been reported previously from the Venezuelan
Andes. It occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies,
Colombia, and Peru.
Erythrodes elata L. O. Wms.
TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich mpist woods at base of Paramo de
Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57307.
The species has been recorded only from die type locality in the
state of Merida in Venezuela.
Erythrodes procera (Schltr.) Ames.
MERIDA: terrestrial in rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca,
above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56100. The flowers are smaller
in this collection than typical.
This is the first record of the species from the Venezuelan Andes.
It also occurs in Colombia and Dominican Republic.
Stelis cymbiformis Lindl.
MIRANDA: epiphyte in cloud forest at upper limit of tree growth,
ascent of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2400 m., 629766.
This species has previously been recorded only from the type
locality of Colonia de Tovar in the state of Aragua.
Stelis guianensis Rolfe.
LARA: epiphyte on mossy boulder in dry stream bed, 'between
Buenos Aires and Canyon of El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt.
2285-2740 m., 55519. MERIDA: terrestrial on dry rocky granite-
gneiss slopes, between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m.,
55720.
Previously known only from the region of the type collection of
Mount Roraima.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 875
Stelis melanoxantha Rchb. f., ex char.
TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de
Tama', 4-10 kms.. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57313.
This is a rare species, previously known in Venezuela only from
the Andes of Me'rida. It also occurs in Colombia.
Stelis Millei Schltr.
TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk in rich woods near and bordering
Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Pa'ramo de Tama, 2 kms. above
Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m. , 57266.
There is some uncertainty about the determination of this collec-
tion, as the flowers are somewhat smaller than typical.
The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
It occurs also in Ecuador.
Stelis tenuilabris Lindl.
TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk, in rich moist woods at base of
Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57296.
This species has not been recorded previously from the Venezuelan
Andes. It is known only from Venezuela.
Stelis triseta Lindl., ex char.
TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk, swamp woods between Para-
mito and Quebrada de Palmar, at base of Paramo de Tama, 7 kms.
above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57243. The stems occur in a large,
loose, tangled mass.
This species has not been previously recorded from Venezuela.
It occurs also in Peru and Bolivia. The leaves in the present collec-
tion are more elliptic than typical.
Stelis vittata Lindl., ex char.
ME RID A: epiphyte on tree trunk, rich moist woods, Los Quebradi-
tos, above Jaji, alt. 2590 m., 55993.
This species is new to Venezuela. It is known otherwise only
from Ecuador.
Masdevallia ensata Rchb. f.
TACHIRA: at base of tree trunk near ground, rich moist woods at
base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895
m. , 57311. The determination is not certain, as the flowering mate-
rial is rather scanty. The plant is rather large, cespitose; stems
short; leaves long-petioled with elliptic or elliptic-oblong lamina;
scape surpassing the leaf, 1-flowered; flower large, with long sepal-
ing tails. The cup formed by connate sepals is dull pale green
876 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
without spotted dull lavender, within pale yellow-green deeply
spotted with purple; petals pale greenish with fine purple spots or
dashes; lip yellowish dotted with brick-lavender and with a brown-
red tip; column pale greenish margined with lavender below.
The species has been recorded in Venezuela only from the type
collection in die Andes of Merida. It is also known from Colombia.
Lepanthes sp. aff. aquila Borussiae Rchb. f.
MERIDA: epiphyte on tree trunk, in rich forest between Mesa del
Trapiche and El Molino, alt. 2530-2590 m., 56497. As the flowers
are agglutinated, the determination is uncertain. The plant is small,
cespitose; stems 4- to 6-jointed, hispid; leaf erect, ovate-lanceolate;
sepals large, pale buff-yellowish; lip and column orange-red.
Pleurothallis aurea Lindl.
TACHIRA: terrestrial on mossy limestone outcrops of Paramo de
Tama, near Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m.,
57396.
This species is known only from Venezuela, where it was previous-
ly collected in the Cordillera de la Costa near Caracas.
Pleurothallis coriacardia Rchb. f.
TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk, rich woods near and bordering
Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above
Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57265.
Previously recorded in Venezuela from the Andes of Merida. The
species also occurs in Ecuador.
Pleurothallis incurva Lindl.
TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de
Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57289.
This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It
is known otherwise only from Ecuador.
Pleurothallis intricata Lindl.
TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk in rich moist woods at base of
Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57293,
57356. These collections have leaves narrower than typical.
The species has been recorded in Venezuela only from the Andes
of Merida. It also occurs in Colombia.
Pleurothallis lanceolata Lindl.
MERIDA: epiphyte on tree of Ladenbergia undata on forested
slopes near summit of Cerro San Isidro, above La Carbonera, alt.
2430-2745 m., 56038.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 877
The species has not been previously recorded from the Andes of
Venezuela. It occurs also in Peru.
Pleurothallis pedunculata (Kl.) Rchb.f.
T/CHIRA: terrestrial, rich moist woods at base of Paramo de
Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57285. As the
flowers are agglutinated, the determination is not positive.
The species has been recorded in Venezuela only from the Cor-
dillera de la Costa. It occurs also in Colombia and Peru.
Pleurothallis propinqua Ames.
MERIDA: epiphyte in rich damp forest along northwest- and west-
facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos,
tributary to Rib Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest
of Canagua, alt. 1925-2075 m., 56366.
This species is new to Venezuela. It is also known in Costa Rica
and Colombia.
Pleurothallis roraimensis Rolfe.
TAcHIRA: on mossy boulder, limestone outcrops of Paramo de
Tama, near Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57394.
This species has been previously known only from the region of
Roraima, Ptari-tepui' (as noted in this report previously), and Duida,
all in the Venezuelan Guayana. The present collection is the first
recorded from the area of the Andes.
Pleurothallis semiscabra Lindl.
LARA: on tree near top of ridge, moist cloud forest on south- and
southwest- facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above
Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2375-2530 m., 55249. TRUJILLO: terrestrial on
shoulder of ridge, La Quebrada Cortijo, in dense woods below paramo
and ridge top, by Lara-Trujillo boundary line, above Humocaro Bajo,
alt. 2600-2800 m., 55338. The local name for the latter collections
was "pajarito. "
This species has been recorded only from Venezuela, where it was
known previously from the Andes of Merida.
Pleurothallis Smithiana Lindl.
MERIDA: epiphyte, between La Cumbre, San Jose', and Mucutuy,
alt. 1820-2590 m., 56254.
The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It
occurs also in Peru, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Pleurothallis stenopetala Lodd. ex Lindl.
MERIDA: epiphyte on tree in draw on quebrada, between Mucu-
chachi and Canagua', alt. 1065-1820 m., 56329.
878 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
This species has not been recorded previously from the Andes of
Venezuela. It is known elsewhere in Colombia, British Guiana,
Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
Pleurothallis zephyrina Rchb.f.
epiphyte, rich forest on slopes near summit of Cerro San
Isidro, above La Carbonera, alt. 2430-2475 m., 56025.
The species is known from Colombia. In the Catalogo de la Flora
Venezolana it is recorded with doubt from the Andes of Merida.
Epidendrum cardioglossum Rchb. f.
LARA: terrestrial on rocky ridge near top of south- and southwest-
facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humocaro
Bajo, alt, 2375-2530 m., 55257.
This species has not been recorded previously from the Venezuelan
Andes. It is known only from Venezuela.
Epidendrum cornutum Lindl.
TACHIRA: epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, wooded quebrada in
Montana of Rio Tachira at base of Paramo de Tama, between Betania
and Tama, by Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2430 m., 57184.
This species, not previously reported from the Andean section of
Venezuela, also occurs in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Epidendrum difforme Jacq.
MERIDA: epiphyte on Psidium, rich forest above Hacienda Agua
Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56119; epiphyte in
crotches of columnar cactus, dry slopes of canyon bordering Rio
Chama, above Los Gonzalez, alt. 1220-1820 m., 56230. The former
collection is a vegetatively large form.
The species has not been recorded from the Andean section of
Venezuela, although it is of common occurrence in the Cordillera de
la Costa. It is a widespread and variable species, occurring in
Florida, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and all of northern
South America.
Epidendrum frigidum Linden ex Lindl. var. stenophyton (Schltr.)
C. Schweinf.
TXCHIRA: terrestrial on limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama,
near Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57386.
This variety has been found in Ecuador, Peru, and probably occurs
in Colombia. It has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 879
Epidendrum frntex Rchb.f.
TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods, at base of Paramo de
Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57329.
This species has not been recorded previously in Venezuela. It
occurs also in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Epidendrum gram ma tog loss um Rchb.f.
TACHIRA: on large boulders, between Tabor and Villapaez, along
Rio Tachira, along Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 1820-2130
m., 57153.
This species occurs also in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its
previous Venezuelan Andean collection was recorded from the type
locality in the state of Trujillo.
Epidendrnm repens Cogn.
M^RIDA: pendent epiphyte, hanging in strands from trunk of
Ladenbergia undata, between La Trampa and Casadero, along tribu-
tary of Quebrada del Salado (between Lagunillas and La Azulita),
alt. 2225-2590 m., 561 75. TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk, rich
woods near and bordering Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Paramo de
Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500
m., 57267.
This species occurs in Mexico, Central America, and the West
Indies. In Venezuela it has not been reported previously from the
Andean section of the country.
Epidendrum rigidiflorum Schltr.
TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Pa'ramo de
Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57315. The dis-
tribution of this species was noted above under the section of Cerro
Turumi quire.
Epidendrum torquatum Lindl.
TACHIRA: terrestrial on limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama,
near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57405.
This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It
also occurs in Colombia and Ecuador.
Bletia purpnrea (Lam.) DC.
MEREDA: terrestrial, between San Isidro Alto and Santa Cruz de
Mora, alt. 760-1800 m., 56566.
The species occurs also in Florida, Mexico, Central America, the
West Indies, and Colombia. It has not been recorded previously from
the Andean section of Venezuela.
880 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Cyrtop odium Engelii Karst.
MIiRIDA: terrestrial on dry grassy slopes between Beguilla and
Mucuchachi, alt. 1065-2430 m., 56298.
Apparently limited to Venezuela, this species has not been recorded
previously from the Andean section of Venezuela.
Govenia utriculata (Sw.) Lindl.
Mli RID A: terrestrial on steep, rich, northwest- and northeast-
facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745
m., 56599.
The species occurs also in Mexico, Central America, West Indies,
and northern South America. It has not been recorded previously from
the Andean section of Venezuela.
Maxillaria alticola C. Schweinf.
Ornithidium serrulatum Lindl., not Maxillaria serrulata Ames &
Correll.
TXCHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de
Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57348.
The species occurs also in Ecuador and Peru.
Maxillaria graminifolia (HBK.) Rchb.f.
MERIDA: epiphyte on tree trunk, rich, steep, northwest- and
northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt.
2285-2745 m., 56650. There is some uncertainty about the determina-
tion of the above collection, as it does not contain good flowers.
The species occurs also in Peru, but has not been reported previously
from Venezuela.
Maxillaria Jenischiana (Rchb.f.) C. Schweinf.
Ornithidium Jenischianum Rchb.f.
MERIDA: epiphyte on tree in rich forest between Mesa del Trapiche
and El Molino, alt. 2530-2590 m., 56498.
Apparently limited to Venezuela, where previously known from the
state of Trujillo.
Maxillaria valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Nash.
MERIDA: pendent from bluffs, along Rio Canagua, between El Bado
and Canagua, alt. 1065-1820 m., 56331. For distribution notes, see
section under Cerro Turumiquire.
Odontoglossum Andersonianum Rchb.f.
LARA: epiphyte, pendent from boulder along bed of stream, be-
tween Buenos Aires and Canyon of El Callado, above Humocaro Alto,
alt. 2285-2740 m., 55572.
This species has previously been known only from Colombia.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 881
Odontoglossum anreopurpuremn Rchb.f.
T/CHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de
Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57330.
This species occurs also in Colombia and Peru. In the Catalogo
de la Flora Venezolana it is recorded doubtfully from the state of
Tachira.
Oncidium superb tens Rchb.f.
TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree, wooded quebrada in Montana of Rio
Tachira at base of Paramo de Tama, between Betania and Tama, by
Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2430 m., 57181.
Local name: "flor de mayo."
The species also occurs in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. It has
been recorded previously in Venezuela only from a collection in the
state of Merida.
PIPERACEAE54
DUIDA
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Peperomia alata R. & P.
Lower slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 700
m., 57963. Rather generally distributed throughout northwestern
South America.
Piper avellanum (Miq.)C. DC.
Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano
Iguapo), alt. 700 m. , 57968. Not previously recorded from Venezuela,
this species is distributed through the Guianas.
RORAIMA
Peperomia acuminata R. & P.
Near Rondo'n Camp, alt. 2040-2130 m., 58701. Not previously
recorded from Venezuela, this species is widely distributed through-
out northern South America.
Peperomia galioides Kunth.
Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m.
58732. In Venezuela this species has been collected previously in
the Coastal Range near Caracas and Colonia Tovar. It is distributed
throughout the range of the genus in South America.
54 Piperaceae by T. G. Yuncker
882 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Peperomia reflexa (L.f.) A. Dietr. var. americana (Mlq.) Dahlst.
Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, from beginning of
sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58736. The variety is
newly reported for Venezuela. The species has been collected, along
with other varieties, in the Coastal Range of Venezuela. It and die
varieties are distributed throughout die range of die genus in the
Americas.
Peperomia trinervula C. DC.
Ascent of ledge along soudiwest-facing side, from beginning of
sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58771. The species
has been known previously only from Colonia Tovar, state of Aragua,
Venezuela, where the type was originally collected. It also occurs
in Colombia.
Piper aduncum L.
Southwest- facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada
Ka-hua paru and Glycon swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59026. A common
species distributed nearly throughout die range of the genus in the
Americas.
PTARI-TEPUf
Peperomia alata R. & P.
Between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m.,
60691. Rather widely distributed throughout nordiwestern South
America.
Peperomia duidana Trel.
Slopes just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59807.
The type of this species was collected on Mount Duida.
Peperomia omnicola C. DC.
Between "Cave Rock" and base of high bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m.,
59592. Not previously recorded from Venezuela, this species also
occurs in Colombia and Ecuador.
Piper demeraranum (Miq.) C. DC.
Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt,
1220 m., 60801. This species occurs also in the Guianas.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Peperomia acuminata R. & P.
ANZOATEGUI: summit of Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos),
above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Bergantih,
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 883
alt. 2350 m., 61677. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de
las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62118. This
species is widely distributed through northern South America.
Peperomia adscendens C. DC.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, above La Trinidad in cloud forest
southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62530. The type was
collected at Colonia Tovar, state of Aragua. This is the easternmost
station yet collected for the species, which also occurs in Colombia.
Peperomia alata R. & P.
ANZO/TEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61294.
MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, southwest of Caripe,
alt. 850-1350 m., 61952. This species is widely distributed through-
out northern South America, but has not been recorded previously in
the Oriente of Venezuela.
Peperomia decurrens C. DC.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, on slopes between La Trinidad and
Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m. ,
62465. This species has been collected previously in the vicinity of
Colonia Tovar, state of Aragua, where the type originated.
Peperomia galioides Kunth.
ANZoATEGUI: on ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peom'a (Cerro
Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan dales
east of Bergantm, alt. 2000-2300 m., 67652. SUCRE: Cerro Turumi-
quire, above La Trinidad in cloud forest, southwest of Cocollar, alt.
2100-2200 m., 62550. This species occurs throughout the range of
the genus in South America. It has not been collected previously in
the Oriente of Venezuela.
Peperomia macrostachya (Vahl) A. Dietr.
ANZOATEGUI: vicinity of junction of Rio Leo'n with Rio Zumba-
dor, northwest of Bergantm near state of Sucre border, alt. 400-500
m., 61186, 61216; in woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta,
tributary of Rio Neven, northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 500 m., 61025.
Found throughout northern South America.
Peperomia maculosa (L.) Hook.
ANZOATEGUI: along Rib Zumbador and tributary near the base of
Piedra blanca, northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 800-1000 m., 61318.
MONAGAS: Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering
valley of Caripe, alt. 1000 m., 61878. Distributed in the West Indies
and northern South America, this species has not been collected
previously in Venezuela.
884 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr.
ANZOXTEGUI: in woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta,
tributary of Rio Neverf, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61047.
This is a common species distributed nearly throughout the range of
the genus in the Americas.
Peperomia trinervula C. DC
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m.,
62682. Distributed in Venezuela and Colombia.
Piper arboreum Aubl.
ANZOATEGUI: slopes of Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of
Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61118. Not previ-
ously reported from Venezuela, this species is distributed in the West
Indies and northern South America.
Piper glabrescens (Miq.) C. DC.
ANZO/TEGUI: along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to
Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m., 61031. Not previously
reported from Venezuela, this species is distributed in the West Indies
and northeastern South America.
Piper tuberculatum Jacq. var. minus C. DC.
SUCRE: valley of Cocollar, alt. 810 m., 62433. Widely distributed
with the species throughout tropical America.
ANDES
Peperomia angustata Kunth.
MERIDA: forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt,
2285-2745 m., 56619. This species has not been recorded previously
from the Andes of Venezuela.
Peperomis choroniana C. DC.
MERIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La
Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56110. This species has not been re-
corded previously from the Andes of Venezuela.
Peperomia hispidula (Sw.) A. Dietr.
M^RIDA: Montana de San Jacinto, on north side of Rio Chama,
opposite Me'rida, alt. 2195-2375 m., 56680. A species in Venezuela
previously known from the Cordillera de la Costa.
Peperomia Kunthiana C. DC.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.
2285-3290 m., 55474. This species has not been reported previously
from Venezuela.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 885
Peperomia peltoidea Kunth.
MERIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La
Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56117. A species in Venezuela previously
known from die Cordillera de la Costa.
Peperomia pyrifolia Kunth.
LARA: moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes
at Palojosco above Los r Aposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt.
2530-2575 m., 55246. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of
Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57294.
Not previously recorded from Venezuela.
Peperomia trinervula C. DC.
TACHIRA: wooded quebrada in Montana of Rio Tachira at base of
Paramo de Tama, between Betania and Tama, by Colombian- Venezuelan
boundary, alt. 2430 m., 57182. This species has been known in
Venezuela previously from the Cordillera de la Costa.
Piper grande Vahl.
MERIDA: woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Mo lino, north
of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m, 55795. This species has not been
reported previously from Venezuela.
Piper tristemon C. DC.
MERIDA: rich forest on slopes near summit of Cerro San Isidro,
above La Carbonera. alt. 2430-2745 m., 56021. This species has
been known in Venezuela previously from the Cordillera de la Costa.
LACISTEMACEAE
PTARI-TEPUI
Lacistema aggregatnm (Berg.) Rusby.
Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao,
below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m. , 60573; dense
forest at base of cerro along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60632.
Locally known as ' 'atapi-yek. "
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Lacistema aggregatum (Berg.) Rusby.
ANZO/TEGUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rib Leon,
northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 600-800 m., 61258; along forested slopes
of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neven', between Rio Leon and
"Carmelita, " northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 800-1200 m., 61383. Not
previously recorded from the Oriente of Venezuela.
886 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ANDES
Lacistema aggregatum (Berg.) Rusby.
MliRIDA: ^rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north
of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 54^-915 m., 56726. Not previously recorded
from the Andes of Venezuela.
MYRICACEAE
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Myrica pubescens Willd.
SUCRE: valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension
of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Never/ along
headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62730. Not previously
recorded from the Oriente of Venezuela.
ANDES
Myrica parvifolia Benth. var. longipedunculata Chev.
TACHIRA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita,
alt. 2745-3045 m., 57092. This Andean species and variety have not
previously been reported for Venezuela.
Myrica pubescens Willd.
LARA: shrubby low forest bordering wet meadow at Las Sabanetas,
above Los Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55269.
The fruit is used to make candles. Myrica caracasana HBK. and
M. arguta HBK. are here considered synonymous with M. pubescens.
The characters by which the first two species are kept apart (M.
caracasana with leaves glabrous except for puberulous nerves and
M. arguta with leaves pubescent beneath) do not justify their being
considered distinct from M. pubescens. The last species, described
from Colombia in 1806, is the earliest name. Myrica pubescens
varies in glabrity of the lower leaf surface and in dentation, some
plants having sharply serrate or denticulate leaves, others nearly
entire. However, in all variations, including M. caracasana and
M. arguta the main lateral nerves on the lower surface are clearly
evident and conspicuous, whereas in M. parvifolia and M. Funckii
they are obscure or nearly obsolete.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 887
JUGLANDACEAE
ANDES
Juglans columbiensis Dode.
TXCHIRA: between Las Delicias and Paraguita, bordering Ri'o
Ta'chira, along Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 1575-1980 m.,
57138.
Locally known as "nogal," the usual Spanish name for walnut, this
species has previously been known in Venezuela from the Cordillera
de la Costa.
BETULACEAE
ANDES
Alnus jorullensis HBK. var. ferruginea (HBK.) Kuntze.
In addition to the known stations in the state of Merida, the follow-
ing collection from the state of Ta'chira may be cited: TXcHIRA:
rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama', 4-10 kms. above Betania,
alt. 2500-2895 m., 57300. Neither A. ferruginea HBK. nor A. Mir be Hi
Spach can be kept separate from A. jorullensis. They appear to be
variations of one species complex, the wide-ranging A. jorullensis.
When treated as a variety, A. Mirbeliiis correctly given as A. jorullen-
sis var. Mirbelii (Spach) Winkl.
ULMACEAE
ANDES
Phyllostylon rhamnoides (Poiss.) Taub.
LARA: desert between Carora and Barquisimeto, alt. 500 m.,
56828. This species, of which P. brasiliensis Cap. is a synonym,
has been known previously in Venezuela from the state of Zulia.
MORACEAE55
PTARI-TEPllf
Cecropia sciadophylla Mart.
Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma', tributary of Ri'o Pacairao,
below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60540. Known
"Moraceae by Jose Cuatrecasas
888 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
to the local Indians as "sarasara-yek," this species has not been
reported previously from Venezuela.
Coussapoa glaberrima Planch.
Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Ri'o Mouak), alt. 1065-1220
m., 60432. A reddish resin covers the fruit and stems of this plant.
Known to the local Indians as "wa-rem-bei-yek," this species has not
been reported previously from Venezuela.
Pourouma aspera Trecul. vel aff.
Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220
m., 60401. The fruit is considered edible by the inhabitants of the
region, who give it the Indian name of "cayi-wari-cay-yek. "
Pourouma guyanensis Aubl.
Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220
m., 60407. Like the species cited above, the fruit is considered
edible. It is known to the inhabitants by the Indian name of "amia-
yek. " The species has not been recorded from this section previously.
Pourouma subplicata Standl.
Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Ri'o Mouak), alt. 1065-1220
m. , 60399, 60414. Like Pourouma aspera (no. 60401) t this species is
known to the Indian inhabitants as "cayi-wari-cay-yek." The fruit is
considered edible as in the other species listed.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Chlorophora brasiliensis (Mart.) St.
MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of
mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt.
850-1350 m. , 61949. This high-climbing liana with elongated spines
on the stems has not previously been collected in Venezuela. It is
known from Brazil and Peru,
Olmediophaena coriacea Karsten.
MONAGAS : deep forest along Rio Amana, in valley just east of La
Traviesa Mene Grande Oil Company Camp, 6 kms. west of Santa
Barbara, alt. 165 nu, 61775. This species has not previously been
reported from Venezuela.
Poulsenia armata (Miq.) Standl.
ANZoATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio
Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61158. Known locally
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 889
as "guaritota, " this genus and species have not been found previ-
ously in Venezuela. The soft wood is considered useless by the
inhabitants.
ANDES
Cecropia sciadophylla Mart.
MliRIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La
Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56101.
Morus insignis Bur.
ME*RIDA: rich wooded slopes along quebrada of Cuesta del Barro
and Mesa del Trapiche, tributary to Rio Capuri, between Canagua and
El Molino, alt. 2530-2715 m., 56473. Known locally as "huaguito,"
this species has not been found previously in Venezuela. It is a
species of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Pseudolmedia lanceolata Karsten.
MEfRIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La
Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56097. This species has not previously
been reported from Venezuela. Dr. Cuatrecasas considers the above
collection to represent a form of the species.
URTICACEAE56
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Boehmeria caudata Sw.
ANZOA'XEGUI: along Rio Zumbador, near Piedra Blanca, northeast
of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 67292 (n.v. "pelucita"); steep forested
slopes about headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose', be-
tween Berganti'n and Cerro Peonia, alt. 1500-1700 m., 61556. Widely
distributed in tropical America.
Boehmeria ramiflora Jacq.
ANZO/TEGUI: Quebrada Negra, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 500
m., 61150 (n.v. "quesito bianco"). Northern South America and the
West Indies.
Myriocarpa stipitata Benth.
ANZOXTEGUI: confluence of Rio Leo'n with Rib Zumbador, north-
east of Berganti'n, alt. 400-500 m., 61201 (n.v. "guaritoto bianco").
MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500 m., 61851.
Northern South America to Peru.
56 Urticaceae by E. P. Killip
890 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Phenax hirtus (Sw.) Wedd.
MONAGAS: valley of San Agustfn, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1000-
1100 m., 61796. Common throughout tropical America.
Pilea rhombea (L.f.) Liebm.
ANZO/TEGUI: on boulders along Rib Zumbador, near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of BergantTn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61308.
Common in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, extending in the
Venezuela mountains to the Federal District; not hitherto known from
so far east in Venezuela.
Pilea Tatei Killip.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-
dad and Qtiebrada 1 Boquero'n, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840
m., 62449. Known only from the Cerro Turumiquire, where die type
was collected by G. H. H. Tate in 1925.
L'rera baccifera (L.) Gaud.
ANZoATEGUI: along Rio Leon, northeast of BergantTn, alt, 500 m.,
61028 (n.v. "guaritoto"); headwaters of Rio Maravilla, east of Ber-
ganti'n, alt. 900-1400 m., 61 733. Widely distributed in tropical
America.
Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Griseb.
ANZOATEGUI: Quebrada Negra, northeast of Berganun, alt. 500
m., 61151 (n.v. "guaritoto hembra"); between Cerro San Jose and
Cerro Peom'a, alt. 1500-1600 m., 61571. Widely distributed in
tropical America.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Boehmeria fallax Wedd.
M^RIDA: woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north
of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55817. Not recorded previously
from Venezuela.
Pilea alsinifolia Wedd.
MERIDA: between Los Coral es and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210
m., 55762. Not recorded previously from Venezuela.
Pilea earn ul osa Wedd,
ME*RIDA: between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210
m., 55767. Not previously recorded from Venezuela.
Pilea Lindeniana Wedd.
TACHIRA: Between Las Delicias and Paraguita, bordering Rib
Tachira, along Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 1820-1980 m.,
57140. Not previously recorded from Venezuela.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 891
Pilea losensis Killip.
MliRIDA: rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing slopes
of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos, tributary to
Rio Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest of Canagua,
alt. 1925-2075 m., 56365. Previously known in Venezuela from the
Cordillera de la Costa.
Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Griseb.
MliRIDA: rich woods between La Azulita and La Carbonera, alt.
1280-2378 m., 56075. Not previously recorded in Venezuela from the
Andean section of the country.
PROTEACEAE
PTARUTEPllf
Panopsis sessilifolia (Rich.) Sandw.
Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between
Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m. ,
60336.
This species has previously been known in Venezuela only from
the Roraima region.
Roupala Schomburgkii Kl.
Along rocky border of RioPacairao in vicinity of Salto de Pacairao,
about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt.
1220 m., 60502. This species was originally collected "in montibus
Roraima" by Richard Schomburgk (no. 1045). His collection was
described as having "folia omnia simplicia." However, on the
second sheet of my collection simple leaves are found mixed with two
other ones bearing compound leaves, die leaflets 5 in number with
two pairs of lateral leaflets. The tree is locally known as "cai-ca-
yek." It is much prized for its hard, durable wood and used for
handles of axes and machetes.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Panopsis suaveolens Kl.
ANZOATEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries
of Rib Never/, between Rib Leon and "Carmelita, " northeast of
Bergantin, alt. 800-1200 m., 67363. A species rarely encountered in
this area, it has not previously been found as far east in Venezuela.
It is known locally as "taque."
892 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Roupala grossedentata Pittier.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-
dad and Quebrada El Boquero'n, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840
m., 62472, 62473. Originally described from "selvas del Avila, "
the present collections represent a considerable extension eastward
in the known range of die species. The cited numbers show great
extremes between pinnate leaves with coarsely dentate leaflets on
saplings, represented by no. 62473, to practically entire simple leaves
of a different shape on the tall adult trees, as represented by no.
62472.
Pittier based his description of R. grossedentata on Delgado's
collection from a tree "15-20 m." tall, the leaves being described
as "supra medium grosse dentatis." It is interesting to note that
while most of the leaves on my no. 62472 are entire, a few show
several, broad, coarse, obtuse dentations. Even on the specimen of
the sapling, no. 62473, although most of the leaves are pinnate, a
few on the same branch are simple and less coarsely dentate than
some of the others. Thus, this species exhibits gradations between
a pinnate leaf with coarse dentations to dentate or entire simple
leaves. The wood of this species possesses a foul or fetid odor;
thus the name "mapurito" given to this species by local inhabitants.
Roupala mollis Pittier.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna- like portion of broad
ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak,
alt. 2200 m., 62658; Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters
of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62706. The
latter collection is known locally as "chaparro. " Neither this species,
originally described from the Andes of Merida, nor R. subintegerrima
(Meissn.) Pittier, with which it is here considered synonymous, have
been recorded from the Oriente of Venezuela previously. Prttier
places R. subintegerrima under that part of his key to the species of
Roupala (Catal. Ven. pp. 264-265) with "hojas todas planas y ente-
rizas," but a photograph of die type (Funck & Schlim 1629 [Chi. Nat.
Hist. Mus. sheet 6445 74 J shows dentate margins as well as entire
margins [Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus. sheet 933869J). The name R. mollis
Pittier, published in 1923, has priority over the other of R. subinte-
gerrima (Mei.ssn.) Pittier, based on R. cordi folia subintegerrima
Meissn.
Roupala montana Aubl.
SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco
along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rib de la Cuesta), along high-
way between Cumanacao and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62426.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 893
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Panopsis suaveolens Kl.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-
3290 m., 55436. This species has not previously been recorded from
the Andes of Venezuela, although it is common in the Cordillera de
la Costa.
Roupala Jahnii Pittier.
MliRIDA: dry slopes between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt.
2833 m., 55742. This species has been known previously only from
the type collection by Jahn from the adjacent state of Trujillo.
Roupala mollis Pittier.
MIiRIDA: trail between La Trampa and Lagunillas, alt. 1188-2430
m., 56206. This species was originally described from the Andes of
Me'rida, and has subsequently been collected (see above) from the
Oriente region of Venezuela. The present collection (56206) from the
state of Merida has less pubescence on the lower leaf'surface than
is found in the type of R. mollis, but the two collections appear
otherwise to be exactly alike.
Roupala pseudo-cordata Pittier.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: near top of ridge between Los Venados and
Guayabo Mocho, west- and southwest-facing slopes of Cordillera del
Avila, alt. 1675-2075 m., 55052. MIRANDA: on ridge, ascent of
Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2400 m., 62983.
The name R. pseudo-cordata was published by Pittier in Contr, Fl.
Ven. p. 22. 1923, and is the first published specific name. An exami-
nation of Emilia Pittier 122 (type in U.S. Nat. Herb.), the type of
R. pseudo-cordata, shows it to be conspecific with R. ferruginea HBK.
var. minor Meissner, in DC. Prodr. 14: 426. 1856. The entire subcor-
date leaves, which are densely rufous or ferruginous-tomentose on the
lower surface, are quite characteristic of this taxon, which differs
from R. mollis Pittier in the entire leaves and shorter racemes.
In the Catalogo Fl. Ven. this species has been confused probably
with R. Schomburgkii, as the latter is cited (p. 265) from the Pico de
Naiguata, where R. pseudo-cordata has been collected (Steyermark
62983) near its type locality as well as that of R. ferruginea var. minor.
LORANTHACEAE
RORAIMA
Struthanthus dichotrianthus Eichl.
Parasitic vine on shrub in Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduar'a-
paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-
1220 m., 59175.
894 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
PTARI-TEPUf
Dendrophthora elliptica (Gardn.) Kr. & Urb.
On forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave
Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59499; scrubby forest on
rocky open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m.,
59636.
Dendrophthora rubicunda Ule.
Parasite on small tree, on densely forested steep south-facing
slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high
sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59560. Originally described from
the Roraima region, this is the first record of the species outside
of that locality.
Phoradendron crassifolium (Pohl) Eichl.
Parasite on small tree of Tovomita atropurpurea Steyermark, on
southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1585-1600 m., 60005; lower
southeastern slopes of Carrao-tepui', alt. 1675-1980 m., 60865. Known
locally as "atapik-yek," this species has not been recorded previ-
ously from the Gran Sabana of Venezuela.
Phoradendron quadrangulare (HBK) Kr. & Urb.
Parasite on shrub in dry rocky thickets, Gran Sabana, between
Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to R/o Karuai, on
large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59398; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on
mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60283.
Not previously recorded from the Gran Sabana of Venezuela.
Phoradendron racemosum (Aubl.) Kr. & Urb.
Parasite on tree along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita
de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kava-
nayen, alt. 1220 m., 60473.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Eubrachion ambiguum (H. & A.) Engl.
ANZ GATE GUI: parasite on shrub among shrubby dwarfed growth
along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peon/a
(Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti-
ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61656. This is the second
collection recorded from Venezuela, the other being Tate 1105, col-
lected on Auyan-tepui. It was recorded in Gleason and Killip's
"Flora of Mount Auyan-tepu/" as E. bras Hie nse Eichler. However,
there appear to be no real differences existing between the two
species. The present collection apparently belongs to the typical
form (var. genuinum Kr. & Urb.) of E. ambiguum rather than with var.
jamaicense Kr. & Urb.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 895
Phoradendron caracasanum Urban.
SUCRE: parasite on Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam. on rocky, lime-
stone, steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rib
Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along highway between Cumanacoa
and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62421. This species was originally
described from the Distrito Federal (between Maiquetia and Caracas)
where it was collected by Gollmer on February 2, 1855. This is the
second collection made of this species. It is known locally as
"guate pajarito."
Phoradendron emarginatum Eichler.
SUCRE: parasite on shrub along quebrada and hot springs at La
Toma, Municipio San Juan, Distrito Sucre, southeast of Cumana,
between San Juan and Cumana, alt. 40 m., 62850. This is the first
record of the species for Venezuela. It is known from Colombia,
Brazil, and Bolivia.
Phoradendron paradoxum Urban.
SUCRE: on suffruticose bush on summit, Cerro Tuwimiquire, be-
tween headwaters of Rio Colorado and summit of southern peak, alt.
2400 m., 62648. This species was originally described from Colonia
Tovar, where it was collected by Karsten (5). The present second
known collection is a considerable extension eastward,
Phoradendron piperoides (HBK.) Trel.
ANZoXTEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary
to Rio Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61011; by state of
Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rib Zumbador,
northeast of Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61196. Not previously re-
corded from the eastern part of the Cordillera de la Costa.
Phoradendron racemosam (Aubl.) Kr. & Urb.
ANZOATEGUI: jparasite on Chimarrhis cymosa Jacq. on forested
slopes between Rio Leo'n of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador,
northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61135.
Phoradendron tubulosum Urb.
SUCRE: parasite on small tree in valley between base of Cerro de
Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and
Cerro de Never! along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m.,
62735. This species has been known previously in the Cordillera de
la Costa near Caracas in the states of Aragua, Miranda, and Distrito
Federal. This new collection extends its range eastward into the
Oriente.
896 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Aetanthus colombianns A. C. Smith
LARA: woods between Las Sabanetas and ridge top of state bound-
ary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530-2835 m., 55314.
Known locally as "matapalo," this species has not been recorded
previously from Venezuela. It agrees in most particulars with the
species originally described from Colombia, except that the pedicels
are somewhat longer, being 5-7 mm. long instead of 3-4 ram. long.
The plants are very showy, producing scarlet inflorescences.
Oryctanthus spicatus (Jacq.) Eichl.
M6R1DA: along headwaters of Rio Canagua at Rio Arriba, south-
west of Canagua, alt. 1800-1890 m., 56447. T/CHIRA: rich, steep,
wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bramon and Las Delicias,
alt. 1890-2285 m., 57464. Not previously recorded from the western
Andes of Venezuela.
Struthanthus calophyllus A. C. Smith
r
ME RID A: parasite on tree in rich forest above Hacienda Agua
Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56088. This species
has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
Struthanthus terniflorus (Willd.) Eichl.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, between Picacho del
Galipan and Boca del Tigre, alt. 1960-1980 m., 56928. This species
has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
OLACACEAE
PTARI-TEPUf
Minquartia guianensis Aubl.
Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220
m., 60411. The genus has not been recorded previously from Vene-
zuela. The species is known from the Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador,
Panama, and Costa Rica. The fruit has not been previously described;
it is oblong, grass green turning deep purple-black, 17-18 mm. long,
and 13-15 ram. wide. It is not edible. The tree is locally known
as "erek-kai-yek."
CERRO TURUMIOUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Heisteria cyanocarpa Poepp. & Endl.
ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence
of Rib Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 400-500
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 897
m., 61190. This is apparently the same species as H. nitida Engl.,
which has been collected in Venezuela only from the lower Orinoco
region near El Tigre.
Schoepfia obliquifolia Turcz.
ANZOA'TEGUI: headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande,
between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Berganti'n, alt. 900-
1400 m., 61709. MONAGAS: base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la
Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt.
1100-1200 m., 61911.
These two collections, cited above, the one with fruit, the other
with flowers, are provisionally referred to this species. They may
represent an undescribed species. The fruit on no. 61911 measures
13 mm. long by 11 mm. wide. It is much broader than in either S.
vacciniiflora or S. Schreberi, and may be larger than that known for
5. obliquifolia. It is more rounded at the base than in either 5. vac-
ciniiflora or S. Schreberi, both those species having the fruit narrowed
or attenuate from the middle downward to the base, and the fruit is
much smaller and narrower, not over 6 mm. wide.
The corolla in no. 61709, apparently conspecific with no. 61911,
is 4 mm. long, 5-lobed, the lobes being broadly ovate and 1.2 mm.
long by 1.1 mm. wide (about 1/3 the length of the corolla). The
corolla in this collection may be immature and perhaps has not at-
tained its maximum size, as the corolla described for S. obliquifolia
attains 7 mm. long. Schoepfia lucida Pulle of Surinam has a corolla
4 mm. long, but is only 4-lobed. In our collection of no. 61709 the
tips of the corolla are cucullate-inflexed.
The leaves in our collections average 6-11 cm. long and 3-5.5 cm.
wide; they are somewhat nigrescent in the dried state, and usually
shining on the upper surface. The stigma is 3-lobed, the style 2 mm.
long, the 5 stamens have the filaments adnate to the corolla tube and
only the anthers are free; the anthers are subglobose, 0.8 mm. long
and 0.8 mm. wide. The ovary is 1-celled with 3 ovules suspended
from a central placenta. The calyx is 3-dentate. Although it is
probable that this represents an undescribed species, the absence of
mature flowers restrains me from describing it as new, since I have
not been able to study any mature fruits of authentic S. obliquifolia
for comparison.
Ximenia americana L.
SUCRE: along quebrada and hot springs at La Toma, Municipio San
Juan, Distrito Sucre, southeast of Cumana, between San Juan and
Cumana, alt. 40 m., 62855.
898 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
BALANOPHORACEAE
ANDES
Corynaea Purdiei Hook. f.
LARA: near top of ridge on drier ground in moist cloud forest on
south- and southwest-facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Apo-
sentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530-2575 m., 55247. Locally
known as "flor de tierra." This parasite has a general dull rose-
orchid color. The genus is new to Venezuela. The genus and species
have been known with certainty only from Colombia and doubtfully
cited ( p. 431) by MacBride in the Flora of Peru.
POLYGONACEAE
ANDES
Muehlenbeckia volcanica (Benth.) Endl.
MliRIDA: pendent in mats on rocky slopes along streambed, paramo
along upper headwaters of Rib Tormero, below El Aguila and above
Chachopo, alt. 3650-3965 m., 55663. This Andean species has not
previously been reported from Venezuela.
PHYTOLACCACEAE
RORAIMA
Phytolacca rivinoides Kunth & Bouche.
Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base
of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 59008. Known locally as
"auro-sa," the leaves of this species are boiled and eaten as greens.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Ledenbergia seguierioides Klotzsch.
SUCRE: forest along northeast-facing quebrada tributary to Rio
Manzanares, between La Trinidad and ridge connecting Cerro de
Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire),
alt. 1300-1900 m., 62767. This collection represents a considerable
extension eastward of the previously known range in Venezuela for
this species. It is known locally as "cura sana;" the wood is used
in the construction of bird cages and in the making of arrows.
Trichostigma octandrum (L.) Walter.
SUCRE: valley of Rib Guagua, southwest of Cumanacoa, between
Granja Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria and Cueva El
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 899
Paraatal, southwest of Cuchivano, alt. 230 m., 62777. MONAGAS:
deep forest along Rio Amana, in valley just east of La Traviesa Mene
Grande Oil Company Camp, 6 kms. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 165
m., 67768.
ANDES
Trichostigma octandrum (L.) Walter.
^ between Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and
Ri'o Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56755.
Sesuvium Portulacastrum L.
SUCRE: around airport at Cumana, alt. 5 m., 57650.
BASELLACEAE
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Boussinganltia leptostachys Moq.
MONAGAS: vining herb over boulders in front of cave entrance and
around cave entrance of Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo,
alt. 950 m., 62316. Not previously recorded from the Cordillera de la
Costa in the Oriente of Venezuela.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
ANDES
Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb.
T/CHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms.
above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57304. In this collection the leaves
approach those of A. megalantha (Rohrb.) F. N. Williams var. genuina
Williams in being subsessile, broadly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
and generally much broader and of a different shape than those of
typical A. lanuginosa. However, the petals are not exserted from the
calyx nor attain the length of those of A. megalantha.
Cerastium Kunthii Briq.
MliRIDA: Laguna Mucubaji', above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-
3655 m., 57490. This species has not been recorded previously from
Venezuela; it has been known previously to occur in Colombia.
900 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Sagina procumbens L.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.
2285-3290 m., 55461. MERIDA: along bouldery stream bed west of
Timotes, alt. 2315 m., 55682. This genus has not been recorded
previously from Venezuela.
NYMPHAEACEAE
MISCELLANEOUS
Nymphaea blanda Mey. var. fenzliana (Lehmann) Caspary.
BOLIVAR: in small stream along road to San Felix, between Upata
and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57693. This species and variety have not
been recorded previously from Venezuela. Undoubtedly, the collection
of Salazar 27 from Laguna deEl Limon, Portuguesa, cited on p. 296 of
volume 1 of the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, should be identified
with N. blanda rather than N. James oniana. The latter name should
be eliminated from the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana; it was
described originally from Ecuador, and, so far as known, has been
found only in that country and in Porto Rico (see Conard, A monograph
of the genus Nymphaea. Cam. Inst. Wash. Publ. 4: 309. 1905).
RANUNCULACEAE
ANDES
Ranunculus limoselloides Turcz.
MliRIDA: Laguna Mucubaji, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-3655
m., 57473. Another Venezuelan collection, but without locality, is
Linden 1446. These are the first records of this Andean species from
Venezuela. It also occurs in Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia.
Ranunculus nubigenus HBK. ex DC.
LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west
of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55281. Previously recorded in Vene-
zuela from the state of Merida from the Paramo de Aricagua. Addition-
al collections from the state of Me'rida are Laguna Mucubaji (Steyer-
mark 57483) and alpine lake at El Aguila above Paramo de Mucuchies
(Steyermark 57045). A synonym of this species is R. Kunthii Tr. &
PL, according to Dr. Alicia Lourteig, the monographer of this genus
in South America.
Ranunculus praemorsus HBK. ex DC.
MERIDA: rocky open subalpine slopes above Chachopo, alt. 3050
m., 56753.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 901
BERBERIDACEAE
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Berberis vitellina Hier.
MONAGAS: near summit of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las
Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 2180 m., 62100. This species has
not been recorded previously as far east in Venezuela as the present
collection, the previous records having been found in the Andes and
Coast Range east to the vicinity of Caracas.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Berberis discolor Turcz.
Although B. Moritzii Hieron. is listed as a separate species in the
Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana (vol. 1, p. 306), there do not appear
to be any constant differences separating it from B. discolor. Since
B. discolor is the earliest valid name published, it must be used.
An examination of an isotype specimen (Funck & Schlim 1124) in
herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus. of B. discolor does not show any pubescence
on the inflorescence; the bracts are slightly puberulent, but the rest
of the inflorescence is glabrous. It seems best, therefore, to place
B. Moritzii Hier. with the earlier described B. discolor Turcz.
Berberis psilopoda Turcz.
LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-
3290 m., 55462. TXCHIRA: limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama,
near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57397.
Berberis psilopoda is placed in sect. Panic ulatae by C. K. Schneider
(Die Gattung Berberis, p. 815), and has a paniculate inflorescence.
An examination of the flowers reveals 4-5 ovules to be present in the
ovary. Pittier described B. prolifica as characterized by having 4-7
ovules and bracts up to 7 mm. long. He describes the inflorescence
as "racemis simplicibus, plus minusve nutantibus." An examination
of an isotype of B. prolifica (Gehriger 40) in the herb. Chi. Nat. Hist.
Mus. shows some of the fruiting inflorescences, in part, especially
the lower branches, to be paniculately arranged. Thus, Pittier was
incorrect in describing the racemes as simple. Steyermark 55462 has
the flowers definitely paniculate and there are four ovules in the ovary
of each flower examined. In Steyermark 57397 there are also four
ovules present and the inflorescence is mostly simply racemose. In
B. psilopoda the bracts may be as long as those of B. prolifica. In
all respects there do not appear to be any constant differences sepa-
rating these two supposed species. Therefore, it becomes necessary
to reduce Pittier's name to synonymy: (B. prolifica Pittier, Journ.
Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 135-136. 1931 = Berberis psilopoda Turcz., in
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 27. II: 285. 1854).
902 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Berberis truxillensis Turcz.
MIiRIDA: between La Cumbre, San Jose, and Mucutuy, alt. 1820-
2590 m., 56248. This species is described as having two ovules in
the ovary and the inflorescence densely puberulent. The present
collection has one ovule constantly present in each ovary and, except
for the minutely puberulent bracts, the inflorescence is glabrous.
Except for these differences, it agrees with B. truxillensis in every
other respect.
MENISPERMACEAE 57
RORAIMA
Anomospennum Schomburgkii Miers.
Along wooded quebrada, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-
raeru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan
north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59220.
This is the first record of the species from Venezuela. It has been
known hitherto from British Guiana, Dutch and French Guiana, Peru,
Bolivia, and Brazil.
Cissampelos ovalifolia P. DC.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of
Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 ra., 59155. The
species has been previously collected in Venezuela from Guayabito
in the state of Aragua fPittier 12138J.
PTARUTEPUI
Abuta obovata Diels.
Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220
m., 60395. This is the first record of the species from Venezuela,
where it is known locally by the Indians as "capuy-yen-cu-me-peu. "
It has hitherto been known only from British Guiana and Amazonian
Brazil.
Anomospermum Schomburgkii Miers.
Dense forest at base of Cerro along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60623;
lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below
Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60565.
Cissampelos fasciculate Benth.
Along Rio Karuai at base of Sororopan-tepui', west of La Laja, alt.
1220 m., 60765. This species has been previously recorded from the
57Menispermaceae by Harold N. Moldenke
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 903
Rio Casiquiare of the Upper Orinoco. It is also known from Colombia,
British Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil. Locally known
by the Indians as "macumi," the leaves of this species are said to be
a favorite food plant of iguanas.
MAGNOLIACEAE
RORAIMA
Drimys brasiliensis var. roraimensis A. C. Smith
Steyermark 58750 has the immature pedicels 25 mm. long and the
mature ones 25-40 mm. long. It is to be noted, therefore, that the
length of the pedicels may be shorter than was originally described
for this variety.
ANDES
Drimys granadensis L. var. grandiflora Turcz.
MfeRIDA: between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210
m., 55745; dwarf, cool forest between El Molino and ridge- above San
Isidro Alto, alt. 2430-2895 m., 56523. These collections are question-
ably referred to this variety, which has not been recorded previously
from Venezuela. In no. 55745 the petals are much shorter and narrower
than are described for the variety. Both come from the same general
area inhabited by D. granadensis var. uniflora (Turcz.) A. C. Smith,
but have 2-3-flowered inflorescences, as well as 1-flowered, and the
petals are shorter and narrower than stated by Smith in his treatment
of the genus.
Drimys granadensis L. var. uniflora (Turcz.) A. C. Smith
LARA: moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes at
Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530-
2575 m., 55255. Locally known as "cubi," this tree is used by the
native inhabitants in several ways. The peppery bark is used in
curing toothaches, and with salt is given to cattle and other stock for
killing worms. The variety has been recorded in Venezuela previously
from the state of Trujillo.
ANNONACEAE58
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Duguetia aff. macrophylla R. E. Fr.
Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of
Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57930; forest at base of southeastern slopes
along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58092.
58Annonaceae by Robert C. Fries
904 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Duguetia Spruceana R. E. Fr.
Isla de Hormigo, between Sanariapo and San Fernando de Atabapo,
along Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57737. Not previously recorded
from Venezuela.
Raimondia tenuiflora (Mart.) R. E. Fr.
Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro
Duida, alt. 215 m., 57913. Locally known as "mahaguilla," the
strong bark of this tree is used for tying purposes. This collection
was recently recorded as new to Venezuela by Dr. Fries (Ark. Bot.
!: 345. 1950).
Xylopia amazonica R. E. Fr.
Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary
of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58068. This species has not been re-
corded previously from Venezuela. It is known in Dutch Guiana and
Amazonian Brazil.
Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart.
Second-growth or low woods bordering openings in vicinity of San
Fernando de Atabapo, on road to Tit/, alt. 100 m., 58417.
PTARI-TEPUI
Anaxagorea petiolata R. E. Fr.
Densely forested slopes between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia
Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59424; wooded slopes of Quebrada
O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao
(tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60420. Locally known by
the Indians as "majagua," the strong and ropey bark is used for tying
and for carrying cargoes ("carapipa" [TaurepanJ). These collections
were cited as new to Venezuela by Dr. Fries (Ark. Bot. I 6 : 342.
1950). It was previously known only from British Guiana.
Duguetia pauciflora Rusby.
Sororopan-tepui, wooded ridge between quebrada and waterfall
(Salto de Iwaracaru-meru), alt. 1615-1980 m. , 60196; along Rio Karuai,
at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60803.
Locally known to the Indians as "arairra-yek," this tree has several
uses. The strong bark is used for tying purposes and for head bands
(tump lines) used for carrying cargo. The twigs serve as fishing
poles, while the bark, boiled in water, is said to cure worms. The
species has been recorded previously in Venezuela only from Santa
Catalina in the Lower Orinoco.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 905
Duguetia pycnastera Sandw.
South-facing densely forested slopes between Rio Karuai and ridge
below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m., 59475. This species
has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It is known also
from British and Dutch Guiana.
Duguetia Saffordiana Pittier.
Southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1585-1600 m., 60013;
wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de
Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220
m., 60425; dense forest at base of Ptari-tepui along Rio Karuai, alt.
1220 m., 60645. Known locally as "grau-fin-yek," "claurin-yek, " or
"caura-rin-yek," the bark of this species also serves for tying pur-
poses, for straps and head-bands (tump lines), but is not considered
as durable as that of Anaxagorea petiolata, noted above. One of the
smaller trees in this region (10-13 meters tall), this species has not
been recorded previously from the Venezuelan Guayana.
Xylopia sericea St. Hil.
Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja,
alt. 1220 m., 60786. This species has been recorded in Venezuela
previously only from the region of Mount Roraima. Known locally by
the Indians as "apono-to-yek," the wood is considered suitable for
the construction of seats.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Annona montana Macf.
ANZoATEGUI: between Bergantin and San Jose, alt. 300-400 m.,
61515. Not previously recorded as far east in the Cordillera de la
Costa, this species is known locally as "guanabano cimarron;" the
edible fruit, when mature, becomes subglobose and may attain a
length of 25 centimeters.
Cymbopetalum brasiliense (Veil.) Benth.
ANZoATEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary
to Rio Neven, northeast of Bergantin ; alt. 500 ra., 61030; forested
slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt.
600-800 m., 61241. Not previously recorded in the Cordillera de la
Costa of the Oriente. Collection no. 61030, a shrub, was given the
name "cacao" by the native inhabitants, who state that the birds eat
the fruit of this species.
Duguetia lucida Urb.
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-
600 m., 61472. SUCRE: rocky, limestone, steep slopes along heads
of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta),
along highway between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m.,
906 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
62411. This species, hitherto known only from the West Indies and
British Guiana, has recently been recorded, on the basis of the above-
cited collections, as new to Venezuela by Dr. Fries (Ark. Bot. I 6 :
344.345. 1950). Known to the inhabitants locally as "barbasco,"
the mashed or crushed bark is used as a poison for stupefying and
catching fish.
Xylopia frutescens Aubl.
ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering
tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61113.
This species has not been recorded previously in Venezuela from the
Cordillera de la Costa. It is known as "pimientillo," The pendent
branches, leafy only in their upper half, are quite distinctive with the
drooping leaves. Several interesting uses have been recorded for this
species by the native inhabitants of the region. The raw seed of the
fruit is mashed in water and the drink taken for stomach-ache. The
wood is esteemed in house construction; since it tends to grow into
straight lengths, it is often selected as the important ridge pole or
cumbrador for the house. Like other members of the family, the bark
serves as a "majagua" for tying purposes.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Duguetia lucida Urb.
MERIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north
of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56696. Noted above under Cerro
Turumiquire section as new to Venezuela.
Guatteria (Duguetia) venezuelana R. E. Fr.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: south- and southwest-facing densely wooded
slopes of Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, between Los Venados
and Papelon, alt. 1585-1820 m., 55097. This species was noted by
Dr. Fries recently in Ark. Bot. I 6 : 333. 1950. It was not recorded in
the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana.
MYRISTICACEAE59
RORAIMA
Virola sehifera Aubl.
Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukenan,
at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58565. Known locally
as "erika-bai-yek," the bark is boiled and then drunk for driving away
the evil spirits. Not previously recorded from the Venezuelan Guayana
59Myristicaceae by Albert C. Smith
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 907
PTARI-TEPUl'
Virola sebifera Aubl.
Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge
above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60615; along Rio Karuai, at base
of Sororopan-tepui', west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m. , 60758a. Both
collections were known by the Indians as "wircawei-yek;" the inner
bark of this tree is dried and smoked and used by the witch-doctors
at dances when curing fevers. For distribution notes see statement
under Mount Roraima section.
Virola surinamensis (Rol.) Warb.
Dense forest along Rib Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge
above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60593. Widespread and locally
common in northeastern South America and the Lesser Antilles.
Williams 11650 from the region of La Prision, Medio Caura, has been
cited in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, and several other col-
lections from the state of Bolivar have been seen by Dr. Smith.
Locally known as "capau-rit-warei-yek."
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE REGION
Virola sorinamensis (Rol.) Warb.
MONAGAS: deep forest along Rio Amana, in valley just east of
La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil Co. Camp, 6 km. west of Santa Barbara,
alt. 165 m., 61 763. For distribution notes see above under Ptari-tepuf.
MONIMIACEAE
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Mollinedia mac rant ha Tul.
Mil R IDA: rich, damp forest along northwest- and west-facing
slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos,
tributary to Rio Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest
of Canagua', alt. 1925-2075 m., 56384. The determination of this
collection is doubtful. The species has not previously been recorded
from Venezuela.
Siparuna stellulata Perk.
MERIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north
of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56706. This species has been
known in Venezuela previously only from the Cordillera de la Costa.
908 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
PAPAVERACEAE
ANDES
Bocconia integrifolia Humb. fr Bonpl.
TACHIRA: rich steep wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between
Bramo'n and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57458. This species
has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
A
Bocconia Pearcei Hutchinson
MliRIDA: rich wooded slopes along quebrada of Cuesta del Barro
and Mesa del Trapiche, tributary to Ri'o Capuri, between Canagua
and El Molino, alt. 2530-2715 m., 56485. Known in this area as
"mano de Icon." In the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana the name
B. frutescens L. is the only species cited for Venezuela. As pointed
out by Hutchinson, however, in his work on this genus, the correct
name for the Venezuelan Andean plant is B. Pearcei.
CRUCIFERAE
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Cardamine Aschersoniana O. E. Schulz.
MONAGAS: between boulders in front of cave entrance, Guacharo
Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt. 950 m., 62314. SUCRE:
Cerro Turumiquire, headwaters of Rio Manzanares, on north west- facing
slopes, alt. 800 m., 62685. Previously known in Venezuela only from
the region of Colonia Tovar; the present collections represent a
considerable eastward extension of range.
Cardamine ovata Benth.
ANZoATEGUI: along stream bed of Rio Zumbador and tributary,
near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 800-1000 m.,
61316. SUCRE: forest along stream at base of Cerro de Diablo
(western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 2000-
2100 m., 62743. Sometimes known as "amor seco" in the region
where 62743 was collected. The species has not previously been
recorded from the Oriente of Venezuela.
ANDES
Cardamine armoracioides Turcz.
MERIDA: rich, steep, northwest- and northeast-facing forested
slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56596.
This is the second collection cited for Venezuela, and the first with
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 909
any definite locality, as the type of the species (Linden 141 6) was
cited without definite locality in Venezuela. The present collection
has most of the leaves simple, but there is an occasional trifoliate
one present. The stature of the plant in the present collection is 5.3
dm. tall (not 25-40 cm. as in the original description). The flowers
measure 5.5-6 mm. long, the sepals 3-3.5 mm. long, and the siliques
4.5-5 cm. long and 2-2.5 mm. wide (instead of 3-4 cm. long and 1.3
mm. wide as in the original description). Evidently, the Steyermark
collection is a more mature and taller specimen than the one described
originally. The emended description is: caules 25-53 cm. alti,
floribus 5-6 mm. longis; sepalis 3-3.5 mm. longis; siliquis 30-50 mm.
longis, 1.3-2.5 mm. latis.
A synonym of C. armoracioides is Cardamine lanceolaris Linden
& Planchon, Trois. Voy. Linden 1: 12. 1863. This name is not ac-
counted for by O. E. Schulz in his monograph of Cardamine. It is
based on the same collection (Linden 1416) as is the type of C.
armoracioides.
Cardamine flaccid a Cham. Si Schl. subsp. minima (Steud.) O.E. Schulz.
MliRIDA: Laguna Mucubafi, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-3655
m., 57498. Neither the species nor subspecies have previously been
recorded from Venezuela.
Cardamine picta Hook.
MERIDA: Laguna Mucubafi, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-3655
m., 57507. Not previously recorded from Venezuela.
In his monograph of the genus Cardamine, O. E. Schulz (Bot. Jahrb.
32: 280-623. 1903) attempts to separate C. ecuadorensis Hieron., C.
Johns tonii Oliver, C. punicea Turcz., C. Jamesonii Hook., C. neva-
densis Turcz., and C. picta Hook. He has reduced C. punicea to a
state of C. Johnstonii, and C. nevadensis to a variety of C. Jamesonii.
Unfortunately, a study of the species involved in this complex does
not reveal any constant differences whereby they can be kept sepa-
rate from one another.
W. J. Hooker, in Lond. Jour. Bot. VI: 292. pi. 12. 1847, described
C. picta from the Paramo of Ruiz, Colombia, the description being
based upon a collection by Purdie. It was illustrated with an excel-
lent plate. Hooker states that this species had 7-11 leaflets on the
lower leaves and leafy raceme with pinnate or pinnatisect leaves.
He placed such great emphasis upon the latter character that he
described on the following page of the same article (loc. cit. 293)
another species C. Jamesonii, from Ecuador and Colombia, in C.
Jamesonii Hooker states that the raceme does not possess the leafy
bracts characteristic of C. picta. But, although Hooker describes and
illustrates his C. picta as having cauline leaves with 7-11 leaflets,
Schulz places C. picta (p. 421) in that part of his key with "folia
caulina 2-4-juga," while C. Johnstonii and C. punicea are placed
910 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
(p. 419) under "folia caulina 4-5-juga." Other differences given by
Schulz to separate C. Johnstonii and C. punicea from C. James onii,
C. nevadensis, and C. picta, are the relative length of the style,
of the siliaue, shape of petals, and the degree to which the lateral
leaflets are petiolute or semide current. Study of material which might
be referred to one or another of the species within this group has
convinced the present author that the characters used by Schulz
overlap and do not hold for the various entities. There is every
gradation shown in extremes from well-developed leafy-bracted
racemes to those not conspicuously developed, variations of leaflet
shape, degree of petiolule development, and length of petals and style.
The name that takes precedence over all others is C. picta Hook,
published in 1854. Cardamine James onii, described one page suc-
ceeding C. picta, becomes a synonym, as do the species of
Turczaninow (C. punicea and C. nevadensis), described in 1854.
Incidentally, C. pulchra Linden & Planchon, a synonym of C. neva-
densis (based on the same type number, Funck & Schlim 1554), was
not accounted for by Schulz in his monograph cited above. I have had
no opportunity of examining any African material of C. Johnstonii
Oliver, under which Schulz places South American material from
Ecuador and Colombia. However, since Oliver's name was not pub-
lished until 1887, it is unimportant in the present instance from the
nomenclatural standpoint whether or not the African material is
conspecific with that of South America.
Steyermark 57507, cited above from the state of Me'rida, well
matches the plate of Hooker's C. picta so far as the shape of the
large leaflets of the lower leaves is concerned, and shows two of the
lower pedicels, but not all of the pedicels, leafy-bracted with pinnati-
sect leaves. Cardamine ecuadorensis Hieron. (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 20:
Beibl. 49: 19. 1895) is a plant with usually fewer leaflets and more
pubescent stems and leaves. Although described as having petals
only 6-7 mm. long and pubescent stems, a Steyermark 54459, collected
in Ecuador near the type locality, has petals varying from 6-8 mm.
in length, and stems varying from glabrous to pubescent. Judging
from this type of variation and from an examination of a photograph of
the type (Lehmann 4826 from "Andibus orient, prov. Loja"), it is
probable that C. ecuadorensis must likewise fall into synonymy
under C. picta.
In view of the above discussion, the synonymy involved under C.
picta is as follows:
Cardamine picta Hook, in Lond. Journ. Bot. VI: 292. pi. 12. 1847.
C. James onii Hook. Loc. Cit. 293. 1847; C. nevadensis Turcz. Bull.
Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 27 2 : 295. 1854; C. punicea Turcz. Ibid.; C.
pulchra Linden & Planch. Trois. Voy. Linden l: 12. 1863; C. speciosa
Britton, in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 16: 16. 1889; C. ecuadorensis Hieron.
in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 20: Beibl. 49: 19. 1895; C. Johnstonii prol.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 91 1
punicea (Turcz.) O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 32: 420. 1903; C. John-
stonii var. superba O. E. Schulz, Loc. Cit. 421; C. Jamesonii prol.
pulcherrima O. E. Schulz, Loc. Cit. 422; C. Jamesonii var. neva-
densis (Turcz.) O. E. Schulz, Loc. Cit. 422; C. Jamesonii var.
speciosa (Britton) O. E. Schulz, Loc. Cit. 422.
Draba pamplonensis Planch. & Linden var. Moritzii O. E. Schulz.
MliRIDA: near upper limit of paramo, around small lake, between
Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55884.
The present collection has densely stellate-puberulent flowering
stems, but Schulz's description mentions nothing about stellate
pubescence. Schulz states only "pube brevissima ramosa usque ad
pedicellos obtecti." The present collection also has only 4 ovules
present in the several flowers examined; the description by Schulz
states 9 ovules to be present in the species, but mentions nothing
about the number present in the variety.
TOVARIACEAE
Tovaria pendula R. & P.
This name published in 1798 has precedence over T. diffusa (Mac-
fad.) Fawc. & Rendle, 1914 based on Bancroftia diffusa Macfad. of
1837. There appear to be no differences by which the two species
can be kept apart.
CAPPARIDACEAE
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Capparis Baducca L.
ANZO/TEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering
tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 800-1100 m., 61088.
Locally known as "toco," the fruit is edible. The wood is not con-
sidered to have any value and has a fetid odor. Apparently this is
the first definite locality record for the species in Venezuela, as no
definite locality was previously given by Pax in his citation of the
species for Venezuela in the Pflanzenfamilien.
Cleome arborea HBK.
ANZO/TEGUI: steep forested slopes between Cerro San Jose,
along headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los
Pajaritos), alt. 1*500-1600 m., 61572. This species was common along
the streams in this area. It is known locally as "yuquilla. " The
leaves and all parts of the plant have a pungent fetid odor. It has not
been recorded as far east in Venezuela previously, the only other
records having been found near Caracas, the type locality.
912 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Cleome viridiflora Schreb.
SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco
along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high-
way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 ra., 62425. The
name C. gigantea L., published in 1771, is antedated by C. viridiflora
Schreb. of 1770. The species was previously known in Venezuela
only from the region of Caracas. The present collection represents a
considerable eastern extension of range.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Capparis Eustachiana Jacq.
LARA: dry scrubby woods, between Humocaro Bajo and Los Apo-
sentos, alt. 1090-1980 m., 55195. MIRANDA: Williams 11190. This
species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
DROSERACEAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Drosera sessilifolia St. Hil.
On rocks around pools of water in open savanna with igneous rock
outcrops, Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58521. This species, to
which this collection has been doubtfully referred, is new to
Venezuela.
PTARI-TEPllf
Drosera cayennensis Sagot.
Dry open ground, southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1585-1600 m., 59970;
along mossy rocks bordering Rio Pacairao, vicinity of Salto de
Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kava-
nayen, alt. 1220 m. , 60497. This species has not been recorded
previously from Venezuela. It is known from British Guiana and the
Amazonian district of French Guiana.
Drosera montana var. robusta Diels.
Swamp on open level portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes,
alt. 1600 m., 59646; on large boulder in Bonne tia roraimae forest on
southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59743; savanna between
Rio Tek-Yunse'n and Carrao-tepuf, alt. 1460 m., 60838. This variety
has been recorded in Venezuela previously from Mount Duida and
Roraima.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 913
Drosera montana vat. Roraimae (Klotzsch) Diels.
Rocky mossy banks of Rib Pacairao, vicinity of Salto de
Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kava-
nayen, alt. 1220 m., 60505. This collection is intermediate between
this variety and var. robusta.
Drosera pusilla HBK.
Savanna between Rio Tek-Yunsen and Carrao-tepui, alt. 1460 m. ,
60837. This collection resembles D. pusilla in all respects except
that the sepals are sparsely pilosulous and the petals are 4-4.5 mm.
long and 2.5 mm. wide instead of 5-6 mm. long and about 3 mm. wide,
the latter dimensions the ones given by Diels. Furthermore, the
seeds are ovoid-elliptic instead of globose.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Drosera tenella Willd.
SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western
extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Never/
along headwaters of Rfo de Amana, alt. 2000 m. , 62713. Known
locally as "pelo de acuris," this species was collected at a much
higher elevation than the type, originally found in the Cuchilla de
Guanaguana, near Caripe, by Humboldt and Bonpland.
CRASSULACEAE
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Echeveria bicolor (HBK.) E. Walther.
MONAGAS: on rocky edge of slopes along road between Granja
Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura and main part of Town of Caripe,
alt. 830 m., 62345*. SUCRE: on Boqueron bluff at base of bluff,
north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron,
southwest of Cocollar, on Cerro Turumiquire, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62471-
Dr. Eric Walther (Cactus & Succulent Journal 7: 39. 1935) has
shown that the Sedum bicolor of HBK. is congeneric with Echeveria.
The type of Sedum bicolor was originally collected near Caracas. The
present collection is an extension eastward into the Oriente of the
Cordillera de la Costa.
ANDES
Echeveria bicolor (HBK.) E. Walther.
MliRIDA: paramo de Los Colorados, between El Molino and San
Isidro Alto, alt. 2745-2955 m., 56538. For distribution of species
see above.
914 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
After examination and study of Echeveria bracteolata (Link) Kl. &
Otto and E. venezuelensis Rose, it is found that they are in no way
to be separated from E. bicolor (HBK.) E. Walther. For discussion of
the nomenclature of this species, see Cactus & Succulent Journal
7: 39. 1935.
Echeveria columbiana von Poellnitz.
LARA: on edge of rock escarpment on top of paramo, Paramo de
las Rosas, above Buenos Aires, alt. 3290 m., 55476. T/kCHIRA: on
rocky bluffs between Tabor and Villapaez, along Rio Tachira, along
Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2130-2285 m., 57156. Known
in the state of Lara as "repollo de montana," this species, previously
known from Colombia has not been recorded from Venezuela.
Tillaea venezuelensis Steyermark, sp. nov.
Herba perennis aqtratica vel terrestris 9-11 cm. alta; caulibus
confertis erectis vel adscendentibus tenuibus 0.8-0.9 mm. diam.;
internodiis elongatis, inferioribus 8-13 mm. longis, superioribus
2.5-4 mm. longis; foliis basi connatis plerumque adscendentibus
lineari-lanceolatis acutis 3-6 mm. longis 0.5-0.6 mm. latis; vaginis
obscure brunneis 1 mm. aids; floribus solitariis paucis terminalibus
vel in axillis superioribus fere sessilibus, pedicel 1 is ad 0.7 mm.
longis; sepalis 4, basi connatis, late triangularibus vel oblongo-
ovatis apice rotundatis, lobis 0.5 mm. longis basi 0.7 mm. latis, tubo
0.5 mm. longo; petalis 4 oblongo-obovatis apice rotundatis 1.2-1.3
mm. longis 0.8 mm. latis; staminibus 4, filamentis 0.8-0.9 mm. longis;
antheris suborbicularibus 0.2 mm. longis; squamellis 4 linearibus
vel lineari-spatulatis apice rotundatis 0.7 mm. longis 0.2 mm. latis
carpello brevioribus; carpellis 4 ovoideis 1 mm. longis in stigmate
breve orbiculare abrupte terminantibus; ovulis in quoque carpello 4-7;
seminibus immaturis paullo reticulatis in quoque carpello 4-7.
Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on bottom of and
along shore of small lake near upper limit of paramo, between Cha-
chopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, state of Merida, alt.
3930 m., April 15, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 55906, "submerged."
The genus, Tillaea has not been recorded previously from Vene-
zuela. The present species is related to T. aquatica L. of North
America, Europe, and Africa, and to T. viridis of Mexico. From both
of them it may be distinguished by the fewer number of ovules and
seeds in each carpel. Furthermore, from T. viride it differs in the
shorter leaves, more elongated stems and irternodes, and non-
papillate seeds, while from T. aquatica it differs in the distinctly
rounded apices of calyx lobes and petals, more elongated stems and
internodes, fewer and more remote flowers, and somewhat reticulate
instead of longitudinally wrinkled seeds.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 915
SAXIFRAGACEAE
ANDES
Hydrangea durifolia Briq.
MERIDA: rich moist woods, Los Quebraditos, above Jaji, alt.
2590 ra., 55983. The material is sterile and the determination is
questionable. The species has not been recorded previously from
Venezuela.
SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA
Weinmannia ovalis R. & P.
Along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills,
summit of Duida, alt. 1675 m., 58113' This collection represents a
form of the species. Because the specimen is sterile, this form is
not easy to place definitely. The species has not been recorded
previously from Venezuela.
Weinmannia sorbifolia HBK. var. crenata (Presl) Cuatr.
On moist exposed cliff face, growing on vertical southeastern-
facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),
alt. 1520 m., 58027.
Weinmannia velutina O. C. Schmidt.
On high moist ridge top, summit of Duida, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58313.
The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. The
specimen is sterile.
RORAIMA
Weinmannia pinnata L. var. caripensis (HBK.) Cuatr.
Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 ra.,
58733; rich woods, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100-
2620 m., 58923. This variety has not been found previously in the
Roraima area.
PTARi-TEPUl'
Weinmannia velutina O. C. Schmidt.
Forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion
and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59723; steep forested slopes
at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on south-facing part, east of
"^Cunoniaceae by Jose Cuatrecasas
916 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
"Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59828; Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro
between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60152. Steyermark 59828
differs from the other collections cited in having less tomentum; the
branchlets of this collection are apparently younger and must come
from a tree growing in a shady, wet locality, or may represent a
hybrid form.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Weinmannia microphylla R. & P.
MONAGAS: Common around and below summit of Cerro Negro,
above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 2180
m., 62128.
Weinmannia microphylla var. caracasana (Pampanini) Cuatr.
r
ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed
shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia
(Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti-
ales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61629. SUCRE: Cerro
Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above Trinidad in cloud forest zone,
southwest of Cocollar, common from 1750 up to 2200 m. alt., 62478.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Weinmannia Balbisiana HBK. var. Moritzii (Engl.) Cuatr.
r f
MERIDA: along Rio Albarregas, Monte Serpa, 5-10 kms. northwest
of Merida, alt. 1675-2135 m., 55958. Known locally as "sai-sai."
Weinmannia Lansbergiana Engl.
MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt.
2200-2765 m., 62964. This specimen comes from the classic locality
and agrees with the original description, although Engler in his
monograph writes (p. 628) that the "ovarium ovato-globosum dense
cinereo-pilosum," and Steyermark's plant has only slightly pilose
fruits.
Weinmannia tomentosa L. f.
TACHIRA: dwarfed forest on dry rocky slopes below Paramo de la
Negra, above La Grita, alt. 2430-2510 m., 57107. The specimen is
the larger leaflets are not characteristic of the typical form of sterile;
the species.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 917
ROSACEAE 61
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Hirtella bullata Benth.
Sabana de Arboles, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m.,
57904. The Steyermark collection, along with Tate 146 and 372,
likewise from the Cerro Duida region, conform quite well to the
description of H. aureo-hirsuta Pilger, and likewise to that of H.
amplexicaulis Pilger. But I am unable to differentiate either of these
from the much earlier H. bullata Benth.
RORAIMA
Rubus robustus Presl.
Forested area, southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt.
2040 m., 58659. Known locally as "karoray."
Hirtella scabra Benth.
Sandy dry slopes just north of Santa Elena, Gran Sabana between
Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount
Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59311. Described from Schomburgk 1051,
"near Mount Roraima," known definitely only from the Gran Sabana;
similar plants from the Upper Rio Negro have been assigned here by
Hooker.
PTARI-TEPUl'
Rubus guyanensis Focke.
Common in a few dryish places, forming dense thickets along base
of south-facing sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59899. This species
has been collected previously in the Venezuelan Guayana only from
the region of Mount Roraima.
Rubus robustus Presl.
Rocky hematite exposures, Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m.,
60073.
Licania aff. aperta Benth.
Woods bordering savanna along Rio Karuai at base of Sororopan-
tepui' west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60750. Known locally
as "macara-yek," this specimen is doubtfully referred to the present
species which has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.
61
Rosaceae by Bassett Maguire
918 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Licania micrantha Miq. var.
Woods bordering savanna along Rio Karuai at base of Sororopan-
tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60758. Known locally as
"macara-yek," this collection is impossible to place definitely,
as it is sterile.
Hirtella maorophylla Renth.
Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma', tributary of Rio Pacairao,
below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915-1065 m., 60561; dense
forest along Rfo Karuai at base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60639.
No. 6056J is known as "kwepi-yek," no. 60639 as "can-wadak-yek. "
These two specimens are conspecific with the isotype of H. macro-
phylla (Spruce 3095) in herb. N.Y. Bot. Card., from San Carlos,
Amazonas, and very similar to specimens from the lower Amazon Basin.
Hirtella scabra Renth.
Dry rocky thickets on uneven ground, Gran Sabana between Mission
of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large
mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59395. For distribution notes, see above under
Roraima section.
Prunus sphaerocarpa Sw.
Lower south-facing slopes, between Rio Karuai and first ridge
above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60687. Known locally as "manga-
yek," this species, common to northeastern South America, has not
been recorded previously from the Venezuelan Guayana. The cut
or bruised bark partakes of a sweet almond or cherry-like odor. The
fresh bark is placed in water, the drink reputed to be efficacious in
the prevention of malaria.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Hesperomeles heterophylla (R. & P.) Hook.
ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa
Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantih, alt. 2000-
2300 m., 61647. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las
Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62096. SUCRE:
Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500
m., 62683. This species has not been recorded previously from the
Venezuelan Oriente. It is variable and widely distributed, ranging
from Venezuela and Colombia to Peru.
Rubus robustus Presl.
ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed
shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia
(Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti-
ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61634; cloud forest on
wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 919
Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350
m., 61672. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of
eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62672. Sometimes known as "aranagato. "
Licania heteromorpha Benth.
ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500
m., 61435. This collection mube be placed with one of the many
undelimited varieties of L. heteromorpha, which is possibly one of
the most polymorphic species within the genus. No satisfactory
interpretation of the races and variants of this widespread species
has been made.
Licania kuntzeana Urban.
MONAGAS: forested slopes along top of sandstone escarpment
above Rio Amana at La Traviesa Mena Grande Oil Company Camp,
7 km. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 244 m., 61759. This collection is
inseparable from Trinidad specimens of the West Indian L. Kuntzeana.
It has not been reported from Venezuela previously.
Hirtella racemosa Lam.
ANZOATEGUI: wooded ridge, Quebrada Bonita, tributary of Rio
Querecual, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1200 m., 60979. Known
locally as "carbonero," the fruit is considered edible.
Primus sphaerocarpa Sw.
MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and
Guacharo, alt. 1200- 1480 m., 62254. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire,
rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62615; in
valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern
peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neven, along headwaters of
Rib de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62733- ANZOATEGUI: south-facing
steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge
above tree zone, Cerro Peoma (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa
Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-
2000 m., 67639.
The common cherry of northeastern South America has long been
referred to P. sphaerocarpa Sw., ranging from the West Indies and
Venezuela to southern Brazil. So inclusive an assemblage is highly
variable, and, if belonging to a single species, must surely represent
a number of discrete races. I am not prepared at this time to offer
any evaluation of them.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Hesperomeles lanuginosa R. & P. ex Hook. sens. lat.
MliRIDA: dry rocky slopes between Los Corales and Las Cuadras,
alt. 2830 m., 55743. TA'CHIRA: dwarfed forest on slopes below
920 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Paramo de la Negra, alt. 2430-2510 m., 57100. Exceedingly variable;
Venezuela and Colombia to Peru and Bolivia.
Lachemilla achilliaefolia (Remy) Rothm.
MliRIDA: near upper limits of Paramo around small lake between
Chachopo and Los Apartaderos near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 558796.
The above collection coincides satisfactorily with the description
given by Rothmaler (Trabaj. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Madrid, ser. Bot. 31:
10. 1935), but the plants are more compact and the stems not repent
as shown in Rothmaler 's accompanying figure. The habit of our plant
suggests that it might well be a distinct species.
Lachemilla ramosissima (Rothm.) Rothm.
MliRIDA: paramo along upper headwaters of Rib Tormero below
El Aguila and above Chachopo, alt. 3650-3965 m., 55671 a.
This specimen must be referred to L. ramosissima of the Sierra
Nevada de Me'rida, although it departs from the original description as
follows: sheath lobes 6-8; hypanthium obconic 1.5 mm. long, bracte-
oles and sepals 5 each, of equal length, lanceolate ca. 0.8 mm. long,
obtusish, the bracteoles somewhat narrower; 3-4 stamens, carpels 5,
stigmas capitate; the original description, "laciniis 7-10...hypanthio
campanulato...sepalis 4 lanceolatis,...episepalis 4 paulo brevioribus
lineari-lanceolatis...styli 4 breves, stigmatibus subclavatis;
stamina 2." Known only from the type locality.
Lachemilla Sprucei (Perry) Rothm.
MliRIDA: near upper limit of paramo around small lake between
Chachopo and Los Apartaderos near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55879a.
Previously unreported for Venezuela; apparently known otherwise by
the type, "in Andibus Ecuadorensibus," Spruce 6102; and Andes of
Ecuador, ca. 3600 m. alt., Pearce sine no. (ace. Perry).
Rubus glaucns Benth.
MliRIDA: Cuesta de Rincon and Cues ta del Barro, between Canagua
and La Quebrada, on road to El Molino, alt. 1925-2715 m., 56452.
Of wide tropical distribution.
Rubus rosaefolius Sm.
MERIDA: shaded thickets between Beguilla and Mucuchachf, alt.
1965-2430 m., 56294. An Asiatic species; widespread in South
America. Not previously recorded from Venezuela..
Hirtella paniculata Swartz.
BOLIVAR: along small stream with Mauritia palms, savanna be-
tween Rio Carom and Ciudad Bolivar, alt. 200 m., 57647. Known from
St. Vincent, Trinidad, Venezuela, the Guianas, and adjacent Brazil.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -IV 921
LEGUMINOSAE 62
Many of the records for this family have already been recorded by
Pittier et al in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, vol. 1, and are
not repeated here. Only records which have not appeared previously
are here given.
MIMOSOIDEAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Pithecolobium racemosnm Ducke.
Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of
CerroDuida, alt. 215 m., 579/6.
RORAIMA
Pithecolobium ferrugineum Benth.
South west- facing slopes along wooded quebrada below Phillip
swamp between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru ,and Glycon
swamp, alt. 1665 m, 59015-
PTARI-TEPUI
Inga multijuga Benth.
Dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of
Ptari-tepui' and Sororopa'n-tepui, alt. 1220 m. , 60719. Known as
"curanbi-yek; " the fruit is edible.
Inga myriantha P. & E.
Dense forest along Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavana-
yen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60298; dense forest along
Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge above Rio Karuai,
alt. 1220-1375 m., 60601. The last collection was given the name of
"avira-yek." The fruit is edible. New to Venezuela.
Inga punctata Willd.
Along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and
wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m.,
60472.
"2 Leguminosae by Robert W. Schery
922 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Pithecolobium ferrugineum Benth.
Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms.
east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60514.
Known as "mese-yek, " the bark of this shrub, when shredded or cut
and placed in water, serves as a soap for washing purposes.
Pithecolobium villiferum Ducke.
Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms.
east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60511.
Known as "ercey-euri-yek." Like the preceding, the mashed bark,
when placed in water, is used by the Indians of this region as a soap
substitute. This species, not previously recorded from Venezuela,
is doubtfully determined.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Acacia podadenia Br. Si Killip.
ANZO/TEGUI: south-facing steep slopes of Cerro Peonfa (Cerro
Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, along headwaters of Rio Mananti-
ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1600-1800 m., 61574.
Inga Oerstediana Benth.
SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rio
Manzanares and Rib de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62696.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Stryphnodendron guianense (Aubl.) Benth.
BOLIVAR: vicinity of Tumeremo, between south of town and air-
port, alt. 305 m., 60937. Known locally as "vainefa."
Pithecolobium collinum Sandw.
BOLIVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on road to San
Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57703. This tree
is common in the forests of this area. The collection is doubtfully
referred to this species.
Neptunia prostrata (Lam.) Baill.
BOLfVAR: along water in ditch between Rio Carom and Ciudad
Bolivar, alt. 200 m., 57637. The stems of this plant float on the
surface of the water.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 923
CAESALPINOIDEAE
RORAIMA
Cassia gracilis Kunth.
Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of
liio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59170; between
waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastor a on Rio Kukenan north of
Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59217; Gran
Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena,
south of Mount Rorairoa, alt. 915-1005 m., 59312.
PTARI-TEPUI
Dimorphandra macrostachya Benth.
Southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1585-1600 m. , 60023; dense forest
along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and
Sororopan-tepui", alt. 1220 m., 60734. Known by the Indians of this
region as "awarkai-yek. " The bark is used in diverse ways. Scraped
on the inner surface, it makes a foamy lather that is used to place on
itchy skin and on wounds that do not heal readily; it is also used in
the treatment of scarlet fever and for bathing purposes. The trunk of
the tree is often carved into curiares, the native dugout canoe. This
is one of the dominant trees bordering the savanna in this area.
Previously recorded from the Roraima area.
Eperua grand if lora (Aubl.) Benth.
Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja,
alt. 1220 m., 60754. Known by the Camarata Indians of this region as
"opa-yek," this species is used by the witchdoctors (piache) or
curas. The leaves are held in the hand and shaken or rustled in a
song and dance routine at night for the sake of getting rid of fevers
and sickness.
Eperua Jenmani Oliv.
Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de
Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220
m. , 60376. Known locally as "opa-yek" or "tuman-yek. " This
collection is doubtfully referred to this species. The species has
not previously been reported from Venezuela.
Sclerolobium guianense Benth.
Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao,
below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m 60576; along
Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220
m., 60752. Known by the Indians of this region as "arapari-yek, "
this species has not hitherto been reported from Venezuela. The
wood is very hard.
924 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Cassia quingnangulata Rich.
Along banks of Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of
La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60795. Known locally as "war-peray-yek."
Cassia uniflora Spreng.
Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen
northwest to Rfo Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59386; savanna
and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rib Karuai, between Santa
Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60323.
There is some doubt about the determination of the last collection.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Peltogyne porphyrocardia Griseb.
SUCRE: dry rocky (igneous-metamorphic) chaparral near Quetepe,
between kms. 18-20, east of Cumana, alt. 30 m., 62873. Known as
"morada" because of the. purple heartwood, this sterile collection is
doubtfully referred to the above species, which has not hitherto been
recorded from Venezuela.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Cassia hirsnta L.
MERIDA: thickets around Hacienda El Joque of Dr. Ricardo Sergent,
above Jaji', alt. 2195 m., 55967. Known as "brusco."
Cassia patellaria DC.
BOLIVAR: upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata,
alt. 500 m., 57543.
Cassia multijuga Rich.
BOLIVAR: between Upata and Rio Carom', alt. 500 m., 57565.
PAPILIONOIDEAE
RORAIMA
Eriosema violaceum (Aubl.) G. Don.
Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru (tributary of Rio Kuke-
nan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south
of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59253. Not previously recorded from
the Venezuelan Guayana.
Galactia gracillima Benth. emend. Micheli.
Gran Sabana, in wet savanna bordering Rio Kukena'n, between Kun
and base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-10o5 m., 58550. Not previously
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 925
recorded from Venezuela, this plant is known to the Indians of the
region as "chinak guaiquin-chinate'n," which translated into the
Spanish means "bejuco de venado. "
Rhynchosia Schomburgkii Benth.
Gran Sabana, near Kun, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount
Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59111. This is the first record of this
species from Venezuela.
PTARI-TEPllf
Alexa confusa Pittier
Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de
Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Ru> Mouak), alt. 1065-1220
m., 60412. Known locally as "cule'-yek," this species has been
collected in Venezuela previously only from the forests in the vicinity
of the Salto de Para in the state of Bolivar.
Machaerium quinatum (Aubl.) Amsh.
Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao,
bellow Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-10o5 m., 60577; along
Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui', west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m.,
60776. Known locally as "Maripa-yen-ya-pupeu-yek," or "acoi-yere-
yek," which in Spanish means "una de murcielago," this liana,
common in the Guianas, has not been recorded previously from Vene-
zuela. The two collections are doubtfully referred to this species.
Ormosia costulata (Miq.) Kleinh.
Vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and
Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m., 60266; vicinity of Salto de Pacairao
bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa
Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60503. Known locally as
"mutare-yek," the resinous bark of this tree is used for kindling
fires. Known in Dutch and British Guiana, this species has not
been recorded previously from Venezuela. Although there is a slight
doubt about the determination of this species, it is believed that it
is properly referred to the above species.
Ormosia paraensis Ducke.
Lower south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', between Rio Karuai and
first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m. , 60683. Known locally as
"metari-yek" or "mutare-yek" to the Camarata Indians, or
"peonilla" to the Spanish speaking inhabitants, this species has not
been recorded previously from Venezuela.
926 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Fissicalyx Fendleri Benth.
/ , ,
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon of Quebrada
Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m.,
61124. This species has not been recorded previously as far east in
Venezuela. The wood is used for beams and rafters in the construction
of houses. It is known here as "tasajo, " the name used elsewhere
in Venezuela.
Pterocarpus heterophyllus Pittier.
ANZOATEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south-
west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61491. When the bark is cut through,
a deep reddish sap exudes, whence the local name "sangre de drago."
Ormosia monosperma (Sw.) Urban.
ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61330.
Known as "pionia montanero," this species has not been recorded
previously from Venezuela. The seeds are reputed to contain medici-
nal properties; cooked seeds are placed in water and the infusion
drunk for heart pains, while cooked seeds are also placed in water
and given to children to place around their neck for the treatment
of sore throat.
Machaerium angustifolium Vog.
ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering
tributary of Rio Leo'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61089.
This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. The
red sap of the wood gives it the name "sangre de drago." This sap
is employed in the treatment of sore throats; it is placed in water and
the infusion drunk. The fruits are said to be eaten by small animals.
Machaerium floribundum Benth.
ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61306.
MONAGAS: base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona
Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61918.
Sometimes known as "sangre de torro."
Machaerium acuminatum HBK.
ANZO^TEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south-
west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61495. "Tasajo" is the local name
applied to this species. The wood is esteemed in house construction
and for the making of furniture.
Machaerium Kegelii Meissn.
ANZO^TEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary
to Rfo Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61055; forested
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 927
rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, southwest of Bergantin, alt. 500
m., 61510. Known locally as "sangre de drago," this high-climbing
liana is reputed to be used in the treatment of sore and inflammed
throats; the crude blood-colored sap is placed in cold or hot water
and the preparation used as a gargle.
Machaerium Moritzianum Benth.
SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco
along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high-
way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62415. The
determination of this collection is doubtful. The species has not
been reported previously in the Venezuelan Oriente. It is an endemic
species known previously in the state of Aragua and in the Distrito
Federal. The various layers of bark found on the trunks of mature
trees account for the local name, "siete capas."
Machaerium Seemanii Benth.
ANZoXTEGUI: woods along Rib Leon by Quebrada Danta, tribu-
tary to Rio Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61081. It is
likely that M. tovarense Pittier is not distinct from this species.
Machaerium tovarense Pittier.
MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and
Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62262. Not previously known to occur
in the Venezuelan Oriente. As noted above, it is likely that this
species is synonymous with the earlier M. Seemanii Benth.
Erythrina Poeppigiana (Walp.) Cook.
ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence
of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 400-500
m., 61182; forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, southwest of
Berganti'n, alt. 500 m., 61502. MONAGAS: in coffee hacienda of
Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt.
850 m., 62169. Known as "bucare, " this tree serves in a number of
ways in the local economy. The trunk of large mature trees, some-
times attaining over a meter in diameter, is used in making canoes;
the flowers are cooked in a sugary syrup and eaten as a conserve or
as sweets; the boiled seeds are placed in an infusion of water, which
is drunk for snake bite.
Erythrina velutina Willd.
SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar,
alt. 820 m., 62347.
Canavalia panamensis Piper.
SUCRE: base of rocky chaparral bordering salt flats at Bordones,
southwest of Cumana, alt. 10-15 m., 62910.
928 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Friosema violaceum (Aubl.) Don.
MONAGAS: savanna slopes along Quebrada Colorado Grande, on
mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt.
850-1350 m., 61942. A rare species in Venezuela, previously recorded
from one locality in the state of Anzoategui.
Galactia Lockhartii Griseb.
SUCRE: dry rocky (igneous-metamorphic) chaparral near Quetepe,
between kms. 18-20, east of Cumana', alt. 30 m., 62872. There is
some doubt as to the proper determination of this collection, but it is
believed that it should be referred here to the above species.
Humboldtiella ferruginea (HBK.) Harms.
ANZOATEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south-
west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61488.
Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb.
ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-
600 m., 61477. Locally known as "peonillo chiquito. "
Tephrosia sinapou (Buc'hoz) A. Chev.
ANZOATEGUI: dry brushy slopes, between Rio Leon and "Carmel-
ita," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600 m., 61466. Known as "barbas-
co," this is the species commonly used in this area for fishing. The
roots are mashed up and the crude mixture placed in the stream to
stupefy the fish.
Vigna sinensis (L.) Endl.
SUCRE: valley of Rio Guagua, southwest of Cumanacoa, between
Granja Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria and Cueva El
Pamatal, southwest of Cuchivano, alt. 230 m., 62780. Escaped from
cultivation, where it is known as "frijol."
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Benthamantha mollis (HBK.) Alefeld.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: Quebrada San Julian, near Caraballeda,
alt. 15-75 m., 62939. Previously recorded in Venezuela from the
Andes of Merida.
Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.
MIRANDA: coral strata along seacoast at Carenero, alt. sea level,
62924. Recorded from three scattered localities in Venezuela.
Humboldtiella ferruginea (HBK.) Harms.
TRUJILLO: wooded thickets on steep slopes, north of and near
Valera, alt. 1220 m., 55861; between Valera and Motatan, alt. 365-
455 m., 56769.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 929
Zornia guanipensis Pittier.
BOLIVAR: vicinity of Tumeremo, between south of town and air-
port, alt. 305 m., 60927. Locally known as "escobillo," this collec-
tion is identified from description only.
GERANIACEAE 63
ANDES
Geranium santanderiense R. Kunth.
TACHIRA: limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama', near Colom-
bian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57374- This Colombian-
species has not been reported from Venezuela previously.
OXALIDACEAE
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Oxalis latifolia HBK.
MONAGAS: near cultivated slope, Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo
Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62317.
Oxalis pentantha Jacq.
MONAGAS: Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo,
alt. 1500-1620 m., 62342. Not previously recorded from the Cordillera
de la Costa of the Oriente of Venezuela.
Oxalis rhombifolia Jacq.
MONAGAS: dwarf forest on exposed ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de
Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m.,
61894. SUCRE: north-facing slopes of Cerro Turumiquire between La
Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62483, 62483a.
Not previously recorded from the Cordillera de la Costa of the Oriente
of Venezuela.
Oxalis sepium St. Hil.
SUCRE: southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and
Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m.,
62824. Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the
Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Oxalis Martiana Zucc.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: dry clay banks, Cordillera del Avila, above
Caracas, at Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55121.
3Geraniaceae by H. E. Moore, Jr.
930 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
Oxalis medicaginea HBK.
LARA: edge of woods bordering wet meadow at Las Sabanetas,
above Los Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55304.
Locally known as "vinagrilla, " this species has been recorded
previously in Venezuela from the state of Merida.
Oxalis pentantha Jacq.
MERIDA: dry slopes along trail between La Trampa and Lagunillas,
alt. 1188-2430 m., 56210. This species has not been recorded previ-
ously from the Andes of Venezuela.
Oxalis rhombifolia Jacq.
MERIDA: rich steep northwest- and northeast-facing forested
slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56630.
This species has not been recorded previously from the Andes of
Venezuela.
TROPAEOLACEAE
ANDES
Tropaeolum pilosum Turcz.
LARA: twining plant in cut-over land at Las Sabanetas, above Los
Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55309. MERIDA:
rich steep forested slopes between Los Corales and Las Cuadras,
alt. 1490-3210 m., 55749.
Tropaeolum pilosum was described by Turczaninow in 1858 (Bull.
Soc. Nat. Mosc. 31, pt. 1: 424) and based upon Venezuelan material
collected by Funck & Schlim (near Colonia Tovar, Funck & Schlim
443). Buchenau (Das Pflanzenreich 10 Heft (IV. 131: 25. 1902), and
authors following him, have treated Turczaninow's species as synony-
mous with T. pubescens HBK., a species described in 1821 (Nov.
Gen. & Sp. V: 251) from the region of Loja, Ecuador.
Examination of a photograph of the type of T. pubescens and a
comparison of the description of that species with that of T. pilosum,
together with recent material collected by the present author from the
Venezuelan Andes, leaves no doubt that the two species are amply
distinct from one another. In T. pilosum the leaves are glabrous
beneath and ferruginous-punctate (in dried material) instead of pu-
bescent as in T. pubescens, the flower is almost twice as large in
T. pilosum as it is in T. pubescens, and the calyx lobes in T. pu-
bescens are glabrate, whereas those in T. pilosum are described as
"glabri apice parcissime pilosi calcare." Specimens collected by
the present author, which should be referred to T. pilosum, are those
cited at the beginning of this discussion. In these specimens the
calyx lobes are conspicuously long-pilose on the outside, otherwise
agreeing in all respects with the description of T. pilosum. The spur
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 93 1
and calyx lobes of Steyermark 55309 are less pubescent and the petal
slightly narrower above than in no. 55749, but otherwise the two
collections appear to be conspecific. These are the first specimens
cited for the Andes of Venezuela.
LINACEAE
PTARI-TEPUf
Ochthocosmus Barrae Hall.f.
Wooded slopes of Ouebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de
Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220
m., 60373. This genus has previously been found in Venezuela on
Auyan-tepui and the region of Roraima.
Roucheria laxiflora Winkl.
Along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and
wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m.,
60469. This species has been collected in Venezuela previously
from Cerro Duida. It is otherwise known only from Bolivia.
HUMIRIACEAE
DUIDA
LOWLAND SPECIES
Humiria floribunda Mart. var. subsessilis (Spruce) Urban.
Long grass savanna of Sabana Nueva, between Sabana Grande and
southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57880.
Saccoglottis guianensis Benth.
Second-growth or low woods bordering openings in vicinity of San
Fernando de Atabapo, on road to Titi, alt. 100 m., 58416.
RORAIMA.
Humiria floribunda var. montana (Juss.) Urban.
Dry sandy upland of Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru
tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north
of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59186.
PTARI-TEPUl'
Humiria floribunda var. montana (Juss.) Urban.
Scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on southeast-facing
slopes of Ptari-tepui, alt. loOO m. , 59621.
Humiria floribunda var. subsessilis (Spruce) Urban
Sororopan-tepuf, wooded ridge between ouebrada and waterfall
(Salto de Iwaracaru-meru), alt. 1615-1980 m., 60192. This tree is
932 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28
locally known as "coporik-warei-yek." "Coporik" is a small fish,
the shape of which is supposed to resemble the form of the leaf
of this tree.
Saccoglottis guianensis Benth.
Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopa'n-tepui, west of La Laja, alt.
1220 m., 60756. This tree is known to the Camarata Indians of this
area as "peru-yek."
Erythroxylon citrifolium St. Hil.
ANZoATEGUI: on steep slopes along Rio Zumbador and tributary,
near base of Piedra Blanca^, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450
m., 61325; headwaters of Rio Mara villa, slopes of Fila Grande, be-
tween Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400
m., 61727. This species has been cited previously in Venezuela from
the Andes section of the country.
Erythroxylon lucidum HBK.
MONAGAS: El Pa'ramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of
Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62031. The determination of this collection
is doubtful. It has been recorded previously from Venezuela.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Erythroxylon amazonicum Peyr.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: cloud forest at top of ridge, between Caria
and El Junquito, alt. 1980 m., 56986. Previously cited in Venezuela
from the region of San Carlos on the Rio Negro.
Erythroxylon carthaginense Jacq.
DISTRITO FEDERAL: dry south-facing slopes above Caracas, be-
tween Colegio Nacional de Fnfermera and Los Venados, Cordillera
del Avila, alt. 1065-1520 m., 55777.
Erythroxylon impressum O. E. Schulz.
BOLIVAR: along rocky cascades of Rio Upata, west of Upata,
alt. 500 m., 57555. This collection was taken near the type
locality of Upata.
RUTACEAE
PTARI-TEPUl'
Diomma Ulei Engler.
South-facing forested slopes, vicinity of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-
1900 m., 59798. This species has been recorded previously from
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 933
Roraima. This tree, of 6-11 meters in height, forms one of the domi-
nant species in the substory of the forest in this area from approxi-
mately 2166 meters up to the limit of forest at the base of
the sandstone bluffs at 2450 meters. The solitary unbranched slender
trunk topped by the cluster of leaves has the appearance of a tree
fern in habit. It is possible that the genus Diomma is synonymous
with Sonrevia excelsa Krause, described from the same general
region of Roraima.
CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE
Jahnia meridensis Pitt. & Blake.
ANZoATEGUI: along Ri'o Zumbador and tributary, near base of
Piedra Blanca, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 800-1000 m., 61290; same
locality, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61339. Known as "cedro" in this area
the wood of this tree is used in the construction of tables, doors, and
other parts of house construction. These are the first records for this
species in the Oriente of Venezuela.
Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam.
SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco
along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high-
way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62422. Known
as "naranjillo, " the wood is used in house construction. The species
has not been recorded as far east in Venezuela previously.
ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
Zanthoxylum ciliatum Engler.
MERIDA: above El Molino, between El Molino and El Quebradon,
alt. 2010-2135 m., 56508. This is a rare species, and has not previ-
ously been recorded from the Andes of Venezuela. The original
description needs emending as regards the length of the spines.
Instead of 0.5-0.75 cm. long, the spines may attain a length of 2 cm.
and may be as much as 7-9 mm. broad at the base.
Zanthoxylum quinduense 
