580.5
FB
V,27:l
1950
cop, 2
27
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE I
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS II
JOSE CUATRECASAS
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 27, NUMBER 1
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
JUNE 8, 1950
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CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE I
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS II
JOSfi CUATRECASAS
Curator, Colombian Botany
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 27, NUMBER 1
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
JUNE 8, 1950
" -^RYOFTHE
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
r
V,
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I
The first installment of this series on Compositae includes descrip-
tions of new species of Senecioneae from Colombia, Venezuela and
Ecuador, chiefly collected by the author and Dr. J. A. Steyermark;
included are also descriptions and critical observations concerning
several species and genera of this tribe and a new combination in the
genus Gongylolepis mostly based on material in the Herbarium of
Chicago Natural History Museum and on my field data. Unless other-
wise stated, die types are deposited in the Herbarium of Chicago
Natural History Museum; isotypes of all my collections (and types
when so stated) are either in the Herbarium of the Institute de Ciencias
Naturales (H.N.C.), Bogota', or in that of the Facultad de Agronomfa
del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
I wish to express my thanks to Dr. Theodore Just, Chief Curator,
Dr. Paul C. Standley, Curator of the Herbarium, and Dr. Julian A.
Steyermark, Associate Curator, for their assistance.
Gynoxys perbracteosa Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 8 metralis. Rami terminales subteretes nodosi internodiis
brevibus foliosi adpresse cinereo-ochraceo-tomentosi vel fuliginoso-
tomentosi.
Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus angulosus circiter
1.5 cm. longus, basi vaginatus, dense tomentosus. Lamina lanceolato-
elliptica, basi rotundato-subcordata apice attenuata subacuta, margine
anguste revoluta integra sed subtus valde remote et minute tubercu-
lato-dentata; supra in statu juvenili subtomentosa vel puberula, deinde
glabra nervo medio tomentoso excepto, nitidula luteo-viridis tenuiter
reticulato venosa; infra dense luteo vel cinereo-tomentosa costa valde
prominenti nervis lateralibus 14-16 paribus furcatis eminentibus;
5.5-9 cm. long, x 18-28 mm. lat.
Paniculae cymosae rotundatae copiosae in ramorum terminationi-
bus, in statu compresso 8-15 cm. latae, tantum basi foliorum pari
munitae. Ramuli (inferiores oppositi) dense tomentosi bracteati.
Bracteae lanceolato-lineares, inferiores plus minusve deciduae supe-
riores persistentes, valde lanato tomentosae, plerumque 15 mm. long,
(inferiores 20 mm. long.) Pedicelli 6-15 mm. longi tenues lanato-
tomentosi 6-9 bracteati bracteis linearibus 8-10 mm. long., 2-3 superio-
ribus ad modum calyculum.
Capitula radiata erecta. Involucrum campanulatura lutescenti-
tomentosum, 8 bracteis ellipticis apice attenuatis subacutis margine
plus minusve scariosis dorso dense tomentosis 9-8 mm. long, x 3-4
mm. latis. Flores feminei ligulati 8, lutei; tubo corollae 7-8 mm.
long, lamina elliptico-oblonga, 12-14 mm. long., 3 mm. lata, 4 nerviis
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
tridentata; 3-5 staminodiis piliformibus, 2-3 mm. longis. Rami stig-
matici truncati sub conico-appendiculati, brevi penicillati. Flores
centra les hermaphroditi tubulosi, vulgo 20, lutei. Corolla 11 mm.
longa glabra, tubulo 5 mm., limbo campanulato, 5 dentato, dentibus
triangularibus. Antherae 3 mm. long, basi breviter auriculatae. Stylus
exsertus, rami stigmatici apice truncati et conico-caudati, penicillati.
Ovarium glabrum. Pappus 8-9 mm. long, sordido albidus, pilis scab-
riusculis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central; Cabeceras del
n'o Paez, paramos alrededor de La Laguna del P'aez, 3450 met. alt.
colect. J. Cuatrecasas 19057, die. 4, 1944. "Arbol 8 met. Hoja coria-
cea, flexible, verde amarillenta brillante haz, ceniciento amarillenta
enve's. Involucre amarillo tomentoso. Ligulas grandes (12 x 3 mm.,
tubo 7 mm.). Flosculos amarillos."
This species is very different from all other known Colombian
species of Gynoxys, but is nearest to G. Jelskii Hier., G. Poggeana
Mattf. and probably G. baccharoides (HBK) Cass., the last of which is
poorly known. G. perbracteosa is distinguished by the form and pubes-
cence of the leaves, the tomentum of the bracts, peduncles and invo-
lucres, and especially by the large number of bracteoles at the pedi-
cels and branchlets.
Gynoxys arnicae Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva, 4-8 metralis. 'Rami terminales subteres nodosi cortice
cicatricoso cinereo vel viridi-cinereo ochraceo-tomentoso.
Folia opposita coriacea vel subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus angu-
loso-striatus, 1,5-2.5 cm. longus basi dilatato vaginatus tomentosus.
Lamina oblongo-elliptica apicem versus attenuata vel truncata vel
subcordata; margine anguste revoluta tenuissime sinuata vel integra
sed remote et minute tuberculato-dentata; supra laevis obscure viridis
subnitida conspicue venuloso-reticulata glabra nervo medio tomentu-
loso excepto; subtus dense cinereo (in sicco ochraceo) tomentoso,
nervo medio eminenti striato, nervis lateralibus 16-18 in utroque
latere, fere angulo recto 3-7 mm. distantibus, plus minusve prominulis
sed interdum cum indumento occultis; 7-11 cm. long, x 22-42 mm. lata.
Paniculae cymosae terminales rotundatae, 12-22 cm. lat. (in statu
compresso) basi foliosae. Rami dense viridi-ochracei tomentosi in-
feriores oppositi ultimi racemiformi dispositi satis bracteiferi. Brac-
teae lineares acutae tomentosae, 10-20 mm. longae x 1.5-3 mm. latae,
inferiores deciduae reliquae persistentes erectae patulae vel reflexae
rectae vel curvae. Pedicelli teneres, 1-2 cm. long., tomentosi 3-5
bracteis muniti. Capitula radiata erecta. Involucrum campanulatum
ochraceo-viridis, 8 (vel 9) bracteis ellipticis obtusiusculis, dorso
dense tomentosis, margine late scariosis, 8 mm. long, x 3-4 mm. lat.
Apice pedicelli 5-6 bracteis ad instar calyculum conformatis. Recep-
taculum 2 mm. latum, margine alveolorum denticulato. Flores feminei
ligulati 8, lutei; tubo corollae 6 mm. long, glabro lamina elliptico-
oblonga 3-dentata, 13-15 mm. longa, 3-4 mm. lata, 4-nerviis; 4-5 stami-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I
nodia filiformia 2-3 mm. longa; rami stigmatici 1 mm. longi penicillati
sub-appendiculati. Stylus 11-12 mm. longus. Flores centrales her-
maphroditi tubulosi, 20-24; corolla 8-9.5 mm. longa lutea glabra tubulo
2-3 mm. longo limbo campanulato, 5 lobulis triangularibus; antherae
3 mm. longae basi breviter auriculatae; stylus 11-12 mm. longus,
stigmatophora arcuata truncata sed conic o-appendiculata penicillata.
Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus pilis scabriusculis 8-9 mm. longus.
Flores in vivo intense Arnicae montanae odorem emitentes.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Los Fara-
llones, vertiente oriental bajo el cerro La Torre en La Laguna 3500-
3550 m. alt., 1 ag. 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21864. "Arbol 8 met.
Hoja coriacea, verde amarillento oscuro haz, ocraceo ceniciento
enve's. Involucre verde ocraceo. Corolas amarillas. Olor a arnica."
Gynoxys arnicae fma. subtomentosa Cuatr., nova
Folia infra laxe tomentosa nervis lateralibus valde prominentibus.
Involucrum quam typus minus dense tomentosus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Del Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Los
Farallones, lomas parameras sobre la mina El Diamante, 3000-3120 m.
alt., 31 jul. 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21834. "Arbolito 4 met.
Hoja subcoriacea verde oscura haz, semimate cenicienta enves. In-
volucro verdoso ceniciento. Corolas amarillas."
When young the leaves are densely tomentose but later lose most
of the tomentum, become more greenish and the nerves appear more
conspicuous.
Gynoxys arnicae var. scandens Cuatr., nov. var.
Caulis valde elongatus scandens, ramis terminalibus foliatis et
floriferus supra silvae arborum frondes emergentibus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Del Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Los Fara-
llones, extreme N. bajando a Las Cascadas, bosque alto 3100 met.
alt., 2-VIII-1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21923. "Gran bejuco- Hoja
semicoriacea, verde amarillenta mate haz, ceniciento ocraceo enves.
Involucre verdoso ocraceo. Corolas amarillas."
Additional specimen: Los Farallones, extreme N., entre Alto del
Buey y Las Cascadas, bosque alto, 3300-3270 m. alt.. 2-VHI-46 colect.
J. Cuatrecasas 21918. "Gran bejuco. Hoja subcoriacea verde amari-
llo haz, verde cenicienta enves o verde ocracea. Involucro verde
ocra'ceo. Corolas amarillas."
The abundant material of this species varies greatly in leaf form
and tomentum. This variability can be seen even in the same indi-
vidual. Var. scandens differs only by its lifeform. Thus great plas-
ticity in response to special ecological conditions is as characteristic
of Gynoxys as it is of Senecio, and accounts for the large number of
species and conspicuous polymorphism in both genera. It is remark-
able that plants of G. arnicae growing among paramo bushes are typical
4 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
trees. But numbers 21923 and 21918, representing individuals found
on a lower vegetation level in the mountain forest with its large trees,
are lianas; despite the excellent conditions for growth in the forest
these plants can satisfy their light requirement only by climbing above
the dark understory. G. arnicae is so closely related to G. perbrac-
teosa that it might be regarded as a vicarious subspecies limited to
the West Cordillera. Yet the distinguishing characters seem to be
sufficient to justify its recognition as a different species. In G. arni-
cae the leaves are larger and less consistent than in G. perbracteosa
and the base is commonly asymmetrical; the tomentum on the lower
side of the leaves is more abundant but laxer, and less compressed.
The bracts of the panicle are longer and narrower, and more numerous.
The pedicels also are longer and the tomentum of the inflorescence
is short and more compressed, whereas in G. perbracteosa it is more
woolly, long and lax.
GYNOXYS LINDENI i Schultz Bip.
This name was given by Weddell (Chi. And. I;76) as a synonym of
G. baccharoides. But the species described by Weddell does not be-
long to S. baccharoides HBK as it agrees more with the first specimen
mentioned by Weddell (Linden 903). Fortunately I had the opportunity
to examine a fragmentary specimen of this collection in the Herbarium
of Chicago Natural History Museum; I was able to identify it with my
number 23273 from the Nevado Santa Isabel, a locality very close to
that where Linden's specimen was collected (Nevado del Tolima).
A-ll of these plants are related to the two previously described spe-
cies. The plants of my collection, referable to Gynoxys Lindenii,
differ from the others in that their leaves are stronger and the tomen-
tum is more compressed. The inflorescences are shorter and are
covered with a shorter and more appressed indumentum; the pedicels
and bracteoles are much shorter. The heads are smaller than in G.
perbracteosa and the involucres are shorter; the flowers are also
smaller; only 5 ligules seem to be present in each head, whereas in
the two former species there are always 8. These ligules have a
shorter lamina (8-9 mm.), while in the other species they are; more
than 12 mm. long. I have measured the only two ligules of Linden's
specimen and found that the tube was 6 mm. and the lamina was 9
mm. long.
I think the Santa Isabel plant is very close to the Linden plant
(from Tolima) in spite of having more tomentum on its leaves; the
leaves of sterile branches are also larger. A plant from Barragan-
(No. 20060) is a form with smaller coriaceous leaves, and appears to
be more closely related to S. baccharoides, although its leaves are
too acute to belong to the latter.
Gynoxys florulenta Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbuscula 3 met. alta, ramorum series compactili rotundati multi-
tudine floribus luteis ornati. Kami grisei adpresse tomentosi.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 5
Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus rigidus, adpresse
cinereo-ochraceo-tomentosus, 1-2 cm. long., supra sulcatus basi vagi-
natus. Lamina ovato oblonga, basi subattenuata vel rotundata apice
angustata obtusiuscula, margine plana Integra, 5-11 cm. long, x 2-6
cm. lat., supra atroviridis nitida (in sicco lutescens subnitida) excepto
costa glaberrima, nervis secundariis plus minusve impressus et inter
se manifeste reticulato-venulosa; subtus dense et adpresse tomentosa
ochraceo-cinerea nervo medio valde crasso, lateralibus 9-10 paribus
prominentibus saepe furcatus reliqua venuloso-reticulata.
Extremi ramorum valde floribundi, inflorescentia panic ulato-compo-
sita foliata principialibus ramulis oppositis, singulae paniculae 10
cm. lat. (statu compresso); bracteis medianis foliis similibus sed
minor ibus, bracteis superior ib us linear i-lanceolat is vel linearibus
acutis pubescentibus, plus minusve erectis 10-3 mm. long. Pedicelli
rigidi erecti adpresse tomentosi 3-10 mm. longi bracteati; apice 3-4
bracteis (3-4 mm. long.) ad instar calyculum formantibus. Capitula
radiata erecta. Receptaculum marginibus alveolorum dentatis. Invo-
lucrum campanulatum, 8 bracteis ellipticis apice attenuatis 6 mm.
long. 2-2.5 mm. lat. margine scarioso dorso pallido-viridibus pubes-
centibus. Flores feminei ligulati 5 lutei, tubo corollae 5 mm. long.,
ligula lineari-elliptica 7 mm. long., 4 nerviis, tridentata; rami stigma-
tici longe conici appendiculati. Flores disci hermaphroditi 8 lutei
tubulosi. Corolla 8 mm. long., tubulo 3.5 mm. long, limbo campanula to
profunde 5-fido. Antherae 2 mm. longae basi brevissime auriculatae.
Rami stigmatophori longi caudato-penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pap-
pus albidus 8 mm. long, pilis scabriusculis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central; Hoya del rio
Bugalagrande, Barragan: Paramo de Bavaya, Corrales, 3450-3520 m.
alt., mayo 1946, colect. J. Cuatrecasas 20148. "Arbolito 3 met.
Copa densa redondeada completamente cubierta de f lores. Hoja coria-
cea, rigida verde oscura brillante haz, ceniciento ocracea enve's.
Lfgulas amarillas. Flo'sculos amarillos. Involucre verde claro con una
fila regular de bracteas y otra externa de piezas desiguales."
I think this species corresponds to G. laurifolia HBK from Ecuador,
which has not been found in Colombia. It is distinguished by the form
of its leaves, the pubescent (not woolly) involucre and by the linear,
long and acute bracteoles of its pedicels and calycle.
Gynoxys laurata Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 10 metralis. Rami terminal! subteretes vel subtetragoni ad-
presse tomentosi grisei vel fuliginosi.
Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus longus, erectus vel cur-
vatus, supra valde sulcatus, subtus angulosus basi vaginatus, dense
adpresseque griseo tomentosi, 15-35 mm. longus. Lamina ovato-ellip-
tica basi rotundanta vel subcordata apicem versus attenuata acuta
margine integra, 7-14 cm. long, x 3-7 cm. lat., supra in vivo viridis
nitida in sicco viridi-brunnea glaberrima, nervo medio et lateralibus
notatis, reliqua tenuiter venuloso-reticulata; subtus adpresse cinereo-
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
tomentosa vel interdum fuliginosa, costa eminent! nervis secundariis
utroque latere 14-15 prominentibus furcatis, reliquis leviter reticulatis.
Inf lores centiae terminates cymoso-paniculatae basi foliosae ramis
cinereis vel fuliginosis adpresse tomentulosis, erectis vel plus minus-
ve flexuosis, 10-20 cm. latae in statu compresso. Bracteae ramuscu-
lorum lanceolatae 6-2 mm. long., tomentulosae. Pedicelli 3-15 mm.
longi erecti vel inclinati vel flexuosi aliquis bracteolis triangular!
lanceolatis acutis, 1-2 mm. long., superioribus ad instar brevem caly-
culum formantibus.
Capitula radiata erecta vel nutantia. Receptaculum 2.5 mm. diam.
laeve. Involucrum campanulatum bracteis membranaceis 8, elliptico-
oblongis obtusiusculis 6-7 mm. long., 2-3 mm. lat., glaberrimis, apice
ciliolatis, dorso basi callosis. Flores feminei ligulati 3-4 lutei, tubo
corollae 4 mm. long, lamina 5-6 mm. long, breviter 3-dentata. Kami
stigmatici glabri lineares. Flores disci hermaphroditi 8 lutei tubulosi.
Corolla 8 mm. longa, tubulo 3.5-4 mm. limbo dilatato profunde 5-fido.
Antherae 2 mm. long, basi breve auriculatae. Stigmata recurvata trun-
cata breviter penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Achaenia 3-5 mm. long,
lineari-elliptica laevia. Pappus albo-ochraceus 8 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central, cabeceras del rib
Tulua: Quebrada de las Vegas, paramo 3400-3500 m. alt., marzo 1946
colect. J. Cuatrecasas 20399. "Arbol 10 m. Hoja coriacea, verde bril-
lante haz, cenicienta enves. Involucro verde. Ligulas y flosculos
amarillos."
Additional specimens: Dep. Valle, Cordillera Central, vertiente
occidental; Hoya del rio Bugalagrande, Barragan: Paramo de Bavaya,
Corrales, 3450-3520 met. alt., colect. III-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 20166.
"Arbolito. Hoja con'acea, crasa, flexible, verde grisacea, semi-
brillante haz, tomentoso cenicienta enve's. Involucro verde. Ligulas
y flosculos amarillos." Dep. Valle, Cordillera Central, vertiente
occidental; cabeceras del rib Tulua: Quebrada de Las Vegas, paramo
3400-3500 met. alt., colect. Ill- 1946 J. Cuatrecasas 20377^ "Arbol
grande, 20 cm. diam., 10 met. alt. Involucro verde. Flo'sculos y
ligulas amarillas.
Number 20166 is a form with longer ligules (lamina up to 9 mm.
long), whereas number 20377 is a form with narrower leaves.
Gynoxys laurata is also related to G. laurifolia HBK, but distin-
guished from it and from G. florulenta by the shape, texture and hairi-
ness of its leaves, by the glabrous involucre and short bracteoles.
Gynoxys subcinerea Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva. Kami plus minusve tortuosi vel penduli, adpresse
tomentoso-cinerei plus minus striati.
Folia opposita subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus erectus vel curvatus
supra sulcatus subtus angulosus dense adpresse cinereo-tomentosus
basi vaginatus, 2-3 cm. longus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga vel ovato-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I
elliptica, basi rotundata vel truncata vel subcordata, apice attenuata
acutiuscula, margine plana Integra vel leviter subsinuata repandn
minute tuberculato-dentata (infra visibilis), supra viridis in junioribus
pilis sparsis munita, adultior glabra costa et nervis secundariis saepe
albo-cinereo-tomentosis exceptis; subtus dense tomentosa albo-cinerea
costa crassiuscula nervis secundariis 10-11 paribus prominentibus
reliqua leviter reticulato-venosa; 3-5-9 era. longa x 2-4 cm. lata.
Paniculae cymosae terminales inferne foliosae, rarnis rarnulisque
oppositis erectis vel flexuosis, valde albo-cinereo tomentosae. Brac-
teae lanceolato-lineares vel anguste lineares, 2-4 mm. longae. Pedi-
celli tenues 4-12 mm. longi aliquibus bracteolis linearibus munitis,
superioribus vix ad instar calyculum.
Capitula radiata erecta vel cernua. Involucrum campanulatum 8-
phyllum, bracteis ellipticis 6 mm. long., 3 mm. latis margine scariosis,
dorso albo cinereo tomentosis apice ciliatis. Flores feminei ligulati
4-5, lutei, tubo corolla 3 mm. longo, lamina linearis 4-4.5 mm. longa,
tridentata breviter staminodiis piliformibus munita. Flores disci herma-
phroditi 12-16 tubulosi corolla 7-8 mm. longa tubulo 3 mm., limbo cam-
panulato 5-dentato, stigmata gynoxyformia. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
7.5 mm. long, albo-luteolus scabridus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Norte de Santander. Cordillera Oriental; Hoya
del rib Chitaga en Vega Colombia, 2880' m. alt. 28-IX-1941 colect.
J. Cuatrecasas 13473.
Additional specimen: Dep. Norte de Santander, Cordillera Oriental:
Hoya del rib Chitaga', cerca de Presidente, bosques 3300 m. alt., colect.
21-VII-1940 J. Cuatrecasas & II. G. Barriga 10060.
This species is well characterized by its thin, flexible, nearly cori-
aceous leaves which are grayish-white underneath, by the same (grayish-
white) color of the inflorescence, branchlets and involucre, by the small
number of short ligules, and long pedicels, and by the linear and acute
bracteoles.
Gynoxys paramuna Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva. Kami terminali nodosi subteretes, plus minus striati
minute et adpresse cinereo-ochraceo tomentosi.
Folia subcoriacea opposita petiolata. Petiolus 12-18 mm. long.,
dense tomentosus angulatus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga, vel elliptico-
lanceolata, basi rotundata, apice attenuata acutiuscula, margine revo-
luta integra; supra viridis in juvenilis tomentulo deciduo, deinde nervo
medio excepto glabra; subtus dense adpresseque tomento cinereo-
lutescenti tecta, costa eminenti nervis lateralibus 12-16 utroque latere
prominentibus; 5-7 cm. longa x 15-23 mm. lata.
Paniculae terminales 10-15 cm. longae, ramis oppositis valde ad-
presse cinereo-ochracei tomentosis flexuosis plus minusve pendulae.
Pedicelli 1-2.5 cm. longi flexuosi, 6-8 bracteis brevissimis crassis
subtuberculatis muniti 2-4 superioribus vix calyculiformibus dispositis.
8 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Capitula vix radiata pendula. Involucrum campanulatum, 8 bracteis
crassiusculis 8 mm. longis 3 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso adpresse
tomentosis apice acutiusculis basi crassioribus. Flores feminei exteri-
ores ligulati, corolla tubulo 4.5 mm. longo lamina 4 mm. longa tridentata,
stigmata acuta brevissime penicillata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi,
corollae tubuloso-campanulatae 7 mm. longi, rami stigmatici caudiculati
penicillati. Pappus 8-9 mm. long, sordide albus. Achaenia 4 mm.
longa glabra.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca. Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, valle de
Las Lagunillas, paramo 4110 met. alt. collect. ll-IX-1938 j. Cuatre-
casas 1434.
Additional specimen examined: Dep. Boyaca: Sierra Nevada del
Cocuy: Chorreon de San Paulino, bosque, vert, sur, 3750 met. alt.,
10-IX-1938 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 1368.
G. paramuna is characterized by the shape and texture of its rather
thin and flexible leaves, by the dense and appressed, grayish-white or
yellowish tomentum, by its thick and tomentose phyllaries and by the
shape of its inflorescences.
Gynoxys venulosa Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva ramis extreme pendulis. Rami teretes ravi hirsuto-tomen-
tulosus pilis erectis et crispis interraixis, terminales dense hirsuto-
tomentosi virido-fulvi et plus minusve fuliginosi.
Folia petiolata opposita coriacea. Petiolus brevis, 4-8 mm. longus
hirsute tomentosus supra canaliculatus basi vaginatus. Lamina ovata
basi cordata apice obtusa margine integra plana vel subrevoluta, 2-4.8
cm. longa x 13-30 mm. lata, supra in juvenilis crispo-pilosula mox
glabra, obscure viridis, nervo medio profunde impresso, prominule et
minute venuloso-reticulata; infra dense hirsuto-tomentosa ochracea
costa valde prominenti nervis lateralibus distantibus, 6-8 utroque latere,
et laxo reticulo minus signato.
Inf lores centiae cymosae paniculatae ramusculorum terminalium pro-
ductae, ramulis tenuibus flexuosis dense hirsutulo tomentosis ochraceis
et plus minusve fuliginosis; bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares, 4-10 mm.
longae inferiores deciduae. Pedicelli tenues erecti vel flexuosi 5-20
ram. longi bracteati, 2-3 bracteis superioribus linearibus acutis 4 mm.
long, vix calyculum formantibus.
Capitula heterogama plus minusve pendula. Involucrum campanulatum,
8 bracteis 6-7 mm. longis x 2.5-3 mm. latis ellipticis obtusiusculis
margine squamosis dorso dense tomentoso-hirsutis. Flores feminei
ligulatae 4, valde breves lutei tubo corollae 3 mm. longo lamina triden-
tata 4-5 mm. longa 2-5 staminodiis piliformibus. Rami stigmatici conico-
elongati pilosi. Flores centrales hermaphroditi vulgo 18-20, lutei;
corolla 8 mm. longa tubuloso-campanulata 5 dentata, tubulo 3 mm. longo.
Antherae 2 mm. long., basi auriculatae. Rami stigmatici longi appendi-
culati penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sordide albidus 7,5 mm.
longus.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central, Cabeceras del ri'o
Lopez: Quebrada del Duende, 3400-3450 m. alt., die. 1944 colect.
J. Cuatrecasas 18945. "Arbolito. Raraas pendulas. Hoja coriacea,
flexible, gruesa, verde oscura haz, ocraceo tomentosa enves. Corolas
amarillas."
The leaves of this species, belonging to the group of G. fuliginosa
(HBK) Cass., G. Stuebeli Hier. and G. buxifolia (HBK) Cass., are dull
and strongly reticulated above. The tomentum is hirsute and the flexu-
ose inflorescence is marked by the slender branchlets, long pedicels,
and short petioles.
Gynoxys sancti-antonii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva ramis scandentibus striatis griseis terminationibus
puberulentis.
Folia coriacea opposita petiolata. Petiolus 8-15 mm. longus erectus
vel flexuosus supra canaliculatus, dense tomentosus. Lamina ovato
oblonga polygonata basi truncata vel subcordata apice obtusa. 15-40
mm. long, x 12-28 mm. lata; supra juvenilia crispo-puberula mox glabra
nitida minute reticulato-venosa; subtus dense adpresseque tomentoso-
ochracea vel cinerea, nervo medio crassiusculo lateralibus 7-8 brachi-
atis prominulis, reliqua laxe reticulo vix conspicuo.
Cymae paniculatae in terminalium ramusculorum exitibus 5-8 cm.
amplae, ramulis dense adpresse tomentosi, bracteis linearibus 2-3 mm.
longis.
Capitula radiata inclinata cernua vel pendula excalyculata. Involu-
crum campanula turn 8 bracteis elliptico-oblongis acutiusculis, 6-7 mm.
longis, 2 mm. latis, margine scariosis dorso tomentosis. Flores ex-
teriores feminei 5 ligulati lutei, corolla 11 cm. longa tubulo 4.5 mm.
longo. Flores centrales tubulosi hermaphroditi lutei, corollae 8-9 mm.
long, tubulo angusto 3 mm. long, limbo tubuloso campanulato 5-fido
lobulis angustis. Antherae 3 mm. longae basi lineari-auriculatae.
Type: Colombia, Comisan'a del Putumayo. Paramo de San Antonio
del Bordoncillo, entre el Encano y Sibundoy, 3250 m. alt. 3-I-1941
colect. ^. Cuatrecasas 11722. "Arbusto ramoso scandens, corola
amarilla."
Additional specimen: Dep. Narino: Yacuanquer, 2800-3000 ra. alt.,
M. de Garganta 504, 4-1-43.
This species is well characterized by its regularly cymose inflores-
cence, appressed tomentum and particularly by the polygonal or sub-
polygonal shape of the blade.
Gynoxys induta Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex 3 met. altus; rami principales robusti erecti extremis flexu-
osis dense lanato-tomentosis.
Folia crasso coriacea petiolata opposita. Petiolus robustus 3-6 cm.
long., supra canaliculatus subtus angulosus basi vaginanti, valde
10 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
dense lanato-tomentosus. Lamina elliptica vel ovato-elliptica vel
superne late elliptico-lanceolata, apice obtusa vel acuta basi cordata
margine irregulariter sinuata vel laevis; supra viridis glabra nitida nervo
medio et in juvenilis nervis secundariis tomentosis exceptis; infra
crasso tomento lanato griseo vel ochraceo-cinereo induta; Costa crassa
prominenti nervis secundariis 12-14 pro latere + brachiatis, reliqua
laxe reticulo vix conspicuo; 12-22 era. long, x 5-10 cm. lat.
Inflorescentia perfecte paniculato-cymosa omnino pendula, 27 cm.
long, vel longior, ramis flexuosis dense lanato-tomentosis; basi pari
foliis, superne bracteis lanceolatis linearibusque 15-6 mm. longis valde
tomentosis. Pedicelli bracteolati 2-10 mm. longi 3 bracteis superiori-
bus vix ad instar calyculo.
Capitula discoidea pendula 18-20 floribus. Involucrum campanulatum
8 bracteis ellipticis acutiusculis margine scariosis dorso lanato tomen-
tosis viridi-cinereis, 6 mm. longis, 2-3 mm. lads. Receptaculum 2.5
mm. diametro margine alveolorum denticulata. Flores 18-20 omnes
hermaphroditi tubulosi lutei, corollae 9 mm. longae tubulo 4 mm. limbo
campanulato 5-dentato dentibus triangularibus 1,2 mm. longis. Antherae
2.5 mm. longae luteae deinde fuscae basi breviter acuteque auriculatae.
Kami stigmatici conici appendiculati penicillati. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus sordide albidus 8 mm. long.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central: Hoya del no
Bugalagrande, Barragan: Paramo de Bavaya, Corrales, 3550-3400 m.
alt., colect. abril 1946 J. Cuatrecasas 20546. "Arbusto tallo erguido y
ramas luego torcidas. Hoja coriacea, grande, flexible, verde botella
brillante^ haz, afelpado grisacea u ocraceo cenicienta enve's. Cimas
paniculoideas largas, lacias, completamente pendulas. Involucre verde
ceniciento-tomentoso. Corola amarillo claro, luego amarillo pardusca."
This species is related to G. pendula Wedd. Comparison of it with
Linden 954 (in F.) shows that my plant has larger and thicker leaves
with bigger petioles and broader blades, unlike the lanceolate leaves of
G. pendula. The leaves of the sterile branches have a deeper cordate
base and the top of the blade is generally obtuse. The ultimate branch-
lets, inflorescences, peduncles, petioles and lower side of the leaves
are densely tomentose and different from G. pendula, in which the indu-
rnent is short and compressed. The latter is described as being radiate,
a character also found in the examined specimen. G. induta is homo-
gamous.
Gynoxys Rimbachii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor ramis terminalibus tetragonis adpresse tomentosae griseo-
lutescentibus.
Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 7-12 mm. longus striatus
tomentosus. Lamina lanceolata firmis, 7-14 cm. longa x 15-35 mm. lata,
basi truncata vel rotundata vel raro angustata, apice attenuata acuta
margine leviter revoluta obtuse crenato-dentata vel sublaevis minutissi-
mis dentibus callosis distantibus subtus notatis; supra nervo medio ex-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 11
cepto glabra, infra dense tomentosa costa crassa nervis secundariis
notatis, reliqua nerviatione reticulata vix conspicua.
Paniculae cymosae terminales basi foliatae, ramulis striatis virido-
ochraceis dense tomentosis; bracteis linearibus inferioribus 6-7 mm.
longis, reliquis 3-1-5 mm. longis. Pedicelli 3-7 mm. longi aliquibus
bracteis linearibus acutis tomentosis muniti superioribus 3-4 fere caly-
culum formantibus.
Capitula erecta radiata. Involucrum 7-8 mm. long. 8 bracteis ellip-
ticis apice acutatis, margine scariosis dorso convexo tomentosis, 2-3
mm. latis. Flores feminei ligulati lutei 4-5, tubo corollae 6 mm. longo
lamina 9 mm. longa 2.5 mm. lata. Rami stigmatarum acuti pilosuli.
Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi 8, corollae tubulo 4 mm. longo
limbo tubuloso campanulato 5 mm. longo 5 dentate dentibus profundis.
Rami stigmatarum longe penicillati caudati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
sordide luteo-albidus 8 mm. longus.
Type: Ecuador, "Eastern Cordillera, inner slope 3200 m. Middle-
sized tree flowers of center and margin yellow. Coll. A. Rimbach No.
79, december."
This species is characterized by thick and firm leaves with narrowly
lanceolate blades and coarsely tooth margins, by the tomentum and
structure of the involucre, by the thick, enrolled tomentose phyllaries
and by its long heads and ligules.
Gynoxys miniphylla Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex 60 cm. altus ramis griseis plus minusve striatis puberuli-
tomentosis.
Folia rigide coriacea petiolata opposita. Petiolus 3-5 mm. longus
supra sulcatus dense tomentosus. Lamina minuscula ovato-orbiculata
basi et apice rotundata margine integerrima, 5-1 1 mm. longa x 4.5-8.5
mm. lata; supra juvenilia cinereo crispo-tomentosa deinde glabra viridis
nitidissima, costa basi tomentosa excepto; subtus densissime cinereo
vel albo-cinereo tomentosa tantum costa prominenti 3-5 utroque latere
nervis aliquando fere conspicuis.
Cymae terminales breves in paniculas foliosas aggregatae. Ramulis
pedunculisque dense tomentosae, bracteis anguste linearibus 5-3 mm.
longis. Pedicelli 5-12 mm. longi recti vel curvati, 2-3 bracteis superi-
oribus ad instar calyculum formantibus. Involucrum campanulatum 8
bracteis lineari-ellipticis acutiusculis 6 mm. longis 2 mm. latis margine
scariosis dorso dense tomentosis.
Capitula radiata plus minusve inclinata 5 ligulis 12-14 flosculis
luteis. Corollae exteriores feminei glabri tubulo 4 mm. longo, lamina
3-5 mm. linearis tridentata; ramuli stigmatici acuti pilosi. Corollae
centrales hermaphroditi tubuloso campanulati 7 mm. long, tridentatae,
lobulis anguste triangularibus. Antherae 2 mm. longae minute auricu-
latae, auriculis linearibus.
12 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Type: Ecuador prov. Azuay: paramos in vicinity of Toreador, be-
tween Molleturo and Quinoas, altitude 3810-3930 meters, J. A. Steyer-
mark 53175 collect. June 15, 1943 (Chicago Natural History Museum).
"Shrub 2 feet tall; flowers yellow; bracts gray."
The shape of the leaves distinguishes G. miniphylla from G. buxifolia
(HBK) Cass., which has elliptical leaves. G. myrtoides Mattf. has
obovate leaves, which are narrower near the base. The closest related
species, G. We berbaueri, has cordate leaves. The hairiness on the
upper side of the leaves in G. miniphylla cannot be found in any other
species; it is also the species with the smallest leaves in the genus.
Gynoxys aquifolia Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex plus minusve 1 metralis ramis nodosis ochraceis vel griseis
plus minusve cicatricosis superne indumento albo lanato-floccoso arach-
noideo tectis.
Folia coriacea breviter petiolata opposita vel aliquando inferiora
alterna. Petiolus 3-4 mm. longus viridi luteus lana floccoso archnoidea
decidua tectus. Lamina ovata vel ovato-elliptica oblonga, basi cordata
truncata vel rotundata, apice subite acuta, margine revoluta sinuato-
dentata vel raro integra dentibus plus minusve spiniiformibus; supra
juventute arachnoideo floccosa deinde glaberrima viridis valde nitida
impresse reticulata ner^o medio depresso; infra dense tomento albido
(in sicco ochraceo) tecta, sed in juvenilis duplo indumento minuta altero
superiore albo lanato-arachnoideo precipue costa marginique mox deci-
duo vestita; nervo medio prominenti nervis lateralibus 10-11 paribus
minus conspicuis 15-35 mm. long, x 8-16 mm. lata.
Inflorescentia corymbosa terminalis oligocephala ramulis peduncu-
lisque alternis erectis albo lanato-arachnoideis bracteis lanceolatis vel
anguste linearibus albo-lanatis, 7-5 mm. longis. Pedicelli valde breves,
capitulis aglomeratis congestis. Involucrum hemisphaericum 11-12 brac-
teis acutis 4 mm. long. 2 mm. latis margine scariosis parterr, superiorem
glabris nitidis apice ciliatis, dorso et basim albo floccoso-lanato to-
mento deciduo tectis. Calyculum 4-5 bracteis anguste linearibus invo-
lucro aequilongis vel superantibus. Flores tubulosi hermaphroditi
lutei in specimine statu valde juvenile.
xx Type: Venezuela: State of Tachira: limestone outcrops of Paramo
de Tama, near Colombia-Venezuelan boundary, altitude 3045-3475
meters J. A. Steyermark 57381, collect, jul. 15, 1944. "Shrub 3-4 feet
tall; leaves subcoriaceous-chartaceus, deep green and shining above,
silvery white below; bracts brown-purple at tip; disk pale greenish."
Closely related to G. Hid folia (L.f.) U'edd., but differing from it by its
double indument. In addition to the dense tomentum on the lower side,
G. aquifolia possesses a lax arachnoid pubescence at the end of its
branchlets, its inflorescences, and on the young leaves (upper and
lower sides), especially on the midrib and margins; this arachnoid
pubescence is more or less deciduous. In this species the leaves are
more brilliant above, whereas in G. ilicifolia they are pruinose; the
involucre is shorter and formed by narrow, acute and brilliant bracts,
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 13
whose surface can be seen through die thin and deciduous arachnoid
tomentum; in G. ilicifolia the phyllaries are longer and broader (5x3
mm.), and completely covered with a densely compressed and permanent
tomentum. The calycle is formed by linear bracts of the same length, or
even longer than the involucre. The heads have few flowers, usually
14-16, and always less than 20, while the heads of G. ilicifolia have
more than 40 flowers.
Gynoxys flexopedes Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor terminalium ramis pendulis striatis plus minusve hirsutis.
Folia membranacea opposita subsessilia. Petiolus 4-8 mm. longus
hirsutus. Lamina oblongo-elliptica, apice obtusa vel rotundata basi
truncata vel cordata, margine integra vel leviter sinuata, 7-18 cm. longa
x 3-6.5 cm. lata; supra sparse pilosa viridis nervo medio impresso hir-
sutulo; infra indumento laxo viridi-cinereo tomentoso.
Inflorescentia cymosae paniculatae pendulae ramis hirsutis tantum
basi foliata; ramulis et pedicellis satis gracillibus et flexuosis, capil-
laribus hirsutulis, 1.5-5 cm. longis bracteatis, bracteis linear! sub-
capillaribus circiter 4 mm. longis. Involucrum campanulatum 8 bracteis
subherbaceis elliptico-acutis, 9-10 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis margine late
scariosis, dorso sparse hirsutulis vel glabris. Calyculum nulum.
Corollae exteriores ligulatae paucae, 8-9 ram. longae, tubulo 3.5 mm.
longae, lamina tridentata; rami stigmatici elongati acuti. Corollae cen-
trales hermaphroditae 9 mm. long, tubulo 3.5 mm., limbo tubuloso-
campanulato, rami stigmatici caudato-penicillati. Achaenia glabra 4.5
mm. longa. Pappus albo lutescens 9 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. de Cundinamarca. Paramo de Guasca, 3000-
3500 met. alt., 11 oct. 1939 collect. H. Garcia Barriga, No. 08098.
G. flexopedes is closely related to G. hirsute Wedd., but differs from
it by the longer and thinner leaves and chiefly by the inflorescences
which have extremely long and slender secondary branchlets and pedi-
cels. The involucre and flowers are longer.
Gynoxys verrucosa Weddell var. grandifolia Cuatr., nov. var.
Lamina folii late ovato-elliptica margine repando sinuato-dentata,
basi asymmetrica cordata vel truncata, apice acuta vel acuminata usque
ad 22 cm. long x 12 cm. lat., subtus adpresse cinereo-vel ocharaceo-
ste llato-lepidota.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central: Hoya del rio Buga-
lagrande: Cuchilla de Barragan 3250-3270 m. alt., 12-IV-1946 colect.
J. Cuatrecasas 20615. "Arbolito 5 met. Tallo 12 cm. diam. o mas;
corteza 8 mm. grueso, verdoso amarillenta clara y zumosa. Madera
bk ica que deviene rapidamente algo rosada. Hoja coriacea, flexible,
blanda, verdoso amariilenta mate haz, cinerea u ocracea enves. In-
volucro verde ceniciento."
14 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
This variety is an interesting form of this curious tree, and charac-
terized by its very large, broad, subcordate leaves with deep, irregular
and distant teeth. The typical species is well represented in the
Herbarium of Chicago Natural History Museum by a photograph of the
types, a duplicate type from Linden 1050, and new material from the
Barragan region (Cuatrecasas 20147, 20365, 21006).
Senecio Siivani Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbuscula usque 12 m. alta, caule erecto sursum parce ramoso vel
simplici valide herbaceo medulla molle.
Folia alterna firme subcoriacea. Petiolus plerumque 10 cm. longus
robustus supra glabrescens profunde sulcatus marginibus involutis, in-
fra striolatus tomentosus, basi vaginantus. Lamina elliptica vel ovato-
elliptica apice attenuata acuta, basi asymmetrica truncata vel sub-
attenuata vel subcordata, in caule primario magna usque 65 cm. longa
x 24 cm. lata interdum etiam ultra, in ramis secundariis sub inflores-
centiam plus minusve 28-30 cm. longa x 12-15 cm. lata; margine argute
dentata dentibus callosis robustis majoribus et minoribus alternantibus;
supra in juvenilibus sparse arachnoideo tomentosula, deinde glabra viri-
dula nitida rugulosa, costa crassa convexa nervis lateralibus perpen-
dicularibus vel angulo obtusissimo, in folia maxima 43-44 utroque la-
tere, in folia minima 33-34, reticulo venulorum signato; subtus densis-
sime lanato-tomentosa costa crassa valde erainenti nervis secundariis
prominulis ultra dimidiam partem plus minus furcato-divaricatis, mar-
ginem versus laxe anastomosantibus, reliquis venulis inconspicuis.
Panicula terminalis maxime evoluta basi foliosa axe robusto et ramis
striatis tomentulosis, bracteis inferioribus et medianis foliaceis sub-
landeolatis superioribus linearibus subulatis 15-3 mm. longis. Pedi-
celli tenues erecti vulgo 1 cm. long, subhirto tomentulosi apice 4-6
bracteolis linearibus calyculum formantibus.
Capitula creberrima radiata erecta vel nutantia. Involucrum campanu-
lato-hemisphaericum 11-13 bracteis ovato acutis, 4-4.5 mm. long, x 2-3
mm. lat., dorso glabris apice pilosiusculo. Receptaculum 3 mm. diam.
marginibus alveolorum denticulatis. Ligulae circa 10 luteae glabrae
tubulo 2.5 mm. long, lamina elliptico oblonga tridentata 6.5-7 mm. longa
x 2,5-3 mm. lata 4 nerviis. Flores centrales hermaphroditi 40-46, corolla
tubuloso-campanulata 4.5-5 mm. long. 5-dentata, tubulo 1.5 mm. longo.
Pappus sordido-albidus 5 mm. longus; achaenia paulo striata 1.8 mm.
longa. (Figs. 1, 2 and 3)
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Los Farallones,
"Almorzadero," bosques 2950 met. alt. 25 jul. 1946 colect. J. Cuatre-
casas 21698. "Arbolito, varas erguidas poco ramificadas en el ex-
tremo, hasta 12 met. alt. Hoja coriacea, rugosa, verde clara cenicienta
enves. Ramas de la inflorescencia verde claras. Corolas amarillas."
Additional specimen examined: Dep. El Valle: Los Farallones,
Almorzadero, bosques 2980 m. alt. colect. 13 oct. 1944 J. Cuatrecasas
18114. "Arbolito 4-10 met. Tallo indiviso. Hojas grandes terminales
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I
15
en penacho, alternas (ejemplares mutilados presentan ramificaciones)."
This species is well characterized by the size, shape and indument
of the leaves which are densely toraentose underneath. The upper side
is glabrous, or provided with small isolated short and smooth hairs.
Because of their large size, the plant and its inflorescence are very
showy in the forest. G.Silvani is related to S.lloensis Hier., S.Dielsii
Domke, S. s ibundoyensis Cuatr., and S. ingens Benoist. It differs from
S. lloensis Hier. by its sharper and deeper leaf teeth, smaller heads and
involucres, and smooth branchlets and leaves. From S. Dielsii it differs
by the acute, narrow and separated leaf teeth, the lack of rough tuber-
cules above, more numerous and open nerves, and its shorter involucre.
By its smooth leaves it differs also from S. sibundoyensis. The size
and structure of its heads and the indument of its leaves differentiate it
from S. ingens. Another closely related species, S. tipocochensis
Domke, has crispate hairs on the branchlets, inflorescences, and small-
er flowers. The leaves of S. Silvani are extraordinarily large, a charac-
ter which distinguishes this species from all others.
Fig. 1 Senecio Silvani Cuatr.
16
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Fig. 2 Senecio Silvani Cuatr.
Senecio moscopanus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 10 met. alta sursum parce ramosus, ramis striatis glabres-
centibus.
Folia subcoriacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus crassus, 7-10 cm.
longus supra profunde sulcatus glabrus subtus farinaceo-araneoso-
tomentosus, basim versus subito et ample auriculato-vaginatus auriculis
foliaceis rotundatis vel ovatis usque 4 cm. longus x 1.5 cm. latus.
Lamina elliptic- lanceolata oblonga basi sub-trundata vel rotundata
petiolura anguste decurrens, apice attenuata acutissima, margine minute
dentata dentibus 1 mm. callosis obtusiusculis, 35-40 cm. longa x 13.5-14
cm. lata; supra glabra lutescenti-viridis nervo medio crasso eminenti,
nervis secundariis perpendicularibus utroque latere 36-40 plus minusve
brachiatis marginem versus in reticulo anastomosantibus, reticulo
venulorum signato; subtus indumento araneoso-farinaceo cinereo valde
tecta, nervo medio valde prominenti et secundariis signatis sed nervu-
lorum reticulo inconspicuo.
Paniculae terminales vel axillari-subterminales magnae foliosi api-
cem versus magnitudine folia decrescenti; ramis striatis parce pubes-
centibus. Bracteae ramusculorum lineares subulatis 2-6 mm. longae.
Pedicelli 4-10 mm. longi bracteolulati apice aliquibus bracteis lineari-
bus vel lineari-lanceolato-acutis instar calyculum.
Capitula erecta vel inclinata radiata. Involucrum hemisphaericum
13 bracteis ovato acuminatis, 3.5-4 mm. longis 1,5-2 mm. latis, margine
scarioso apicem versus ciliatis, dorso minute calloso-tuberculatis.
Receptaculum 2 mm. diametiens marginibus alveolorum dentatis. Flores
exteriores feminei 8-10 lutei ligulati, corollis tubulo 3 mm. longo,
lamina elliptico oblonga 7-8 mm. longa 2 mm. lata, 4 nerviis apice
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I
17
minute tridentata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi, corolla lutea tubu-
loso-campanulata 5 mm. longa 5-dentata dentibus triangularibus tubulo
2 mm. long. Antherae 1.8 mm. long. Stigmata truncata. Ovarium
glabrum. Pappus albidus 4 mm.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central, region de Moscopan:
Aguabonita, bosques 2280 m. alt., 30 enero 1947 colect. J. Cuatrecasas
23512. "Arbol 10 met. Hoja flexible verde amarillenta haz, cenicienta
enve's."
This species differs from the preceeding (S. Silvani) and other re-
lated species by the size of its heads and flowers, by its leaves with
their very large auricles at the base of the petiole, and by the cinereous
tomentum giving the lower sides of its leaves a farinaceous appearance.
Fig. 3 Senecio Silvani Cuatr., natural habitat in the forest of the
eastern slopes of "Los Farallones de Cali", at 2950 m.h.
18 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Senecio Arboluco Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 5 met. alta caule herbaceo-valido 8 cm. diametro sursum ma-
magis folioso.
Folia altema petiolata subcoriacea. Petiolus 8-11 cm. longus,
robustus striatus, supra canaliculatus anguste membranaceo margina-
tus margine involuta valde tomentosus. Lamina elliptico lanceolata
vel elliptico oblonga, basi plus minusve inaequilatera rotundata,
apicem versus angustata acuta vel acuminata, margine minute et argute
dentata dentibus 1 mm. callosulis acutiusculis; 36-42 cm. longa x
11.5-16.5 cm. lata; supra lutescenti-viridis subnitida, leviter ruguloso
reticulata sparsissime minutis pilis munita costa crassa pubescenti,
nervis lateralibus subperpendicularibus 37-40 paribus signatis puberu-
lis; subtus dense tomentosa tomento albido spisse intricate arach-
noideo, nervo medio valde prominenti secundariis prominulis.
Panicula corymbosa terminalis, cum 6-8 robustis ramis 40-60 cm.
longis foliorum superiorum axillaribus composita. Ramis ramulisque
sparse arachnoideo-tomentulosis, bracteis inferioribus foliosis 8-20
cm. long., 1-5 cm. latis, petiolatis, supra sparse arachnoid eo-tomen-
tosis; supremis linearibus subulatis 6-2 mm. longis. Pedicelli 3-10
mm. erecti hirto-tomentosuli bracteolati, apice 3-4 bracteolis 1-2 mm.
longis instar calyculum muniti. Capitula hemisphaerica erecta, radiata.
Involucrum pallido-viride 11-12 bracteis ovalis acuminatis 3-3.5 mm.
long, x 1,5-2 mm. lat. apice ciliatis dorso sparse pilosis. Receptacu-
lum 1.8 mm. lat. Flores radii 8 feminei ligulati; corolla flava tubulo
3 mm. longo lamina elliptica 6.5 mm. longa 2 mm. lata 6-8 nervis
minute 3-dentata; rami stigmatici obtusi. Flores disci hermaphroditi
36-40; corolla tubulo so-infundibuliforme lutea 4,5 mm. longa. Pappus
4 mm. long., sordide albidus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central; Cabeceras del
rib Palo: Quebrada de Santo Domingo, bosques 2700-2800 m. alt. die.
1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 19216. "Arbolito 5 met. Tallo 8 cm.
diam. Intlorescencias terminales en panfculas corimbosas 50 x 60 cm.
o mas, con 6-8 ramas axilares de hojas bracteales grandes superiores
(40-30 cm. long.). Hojas mas abundances en la parte superior, sub-
apenachadas, verde amarillento semibrillante haz, blanquecino tomen-
toso enves. Involucre verde claro. Ligulas y flosculos amarillentos,
nombre local "Arboluco de montana."
This species, close to the two preceding ones, differs from them
by the form of its leaves, the smaller size of its flowers and heads,
and by the ligules generally marked by 8 nerves. S. tipocochensis
Domke has even smaller heads.
Senecio balsapampae Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 8 met. alta parum ramosa. Rami terminales striati pubes-
centi-hirsutuli.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 19
Folia subcoriacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus circa 6 cm. longus
supra sulcatus. Lamina usque 40 cm. longa x 10 cm. lata oblongo
lanceolata basi subrotundata apice acutissime acuminata margine
dentato-serrata dentibus majoribus minoribusque alternantibus; supra
viridis rugulosa sparse puberula subnitida nervo medio crasso tomen-
tuloso, subcus viridi-cinereo-tomentosa tomento arachnoideo tecta
costa valde prominenti rubescenti nervis secundariis utroque latere 40
rubescentibus angulo valde obtuso marginem versus brachiatis
anastomosantibus.
Inflorescentia terminalis corymbose paniculata, ramis rubro viola-
ceis puberulis bracteis linearibus 5-6 mm. longis. Pedicelli tenues
breves 1-4 mm. longi bracteolati.
Capitula parva plus minusve nutantia 3-5 ad apicem ramusculorum
glomerata. Calyculus 4-5 bracteolis anguste linearibus brevibus. In-
volucrum hemisphaerico-campanulatum 13 bracteis 3.5 mm. longi ob-
longis apice acutissimis ciliatis margine scariosis dorso glabris.
Receptaculum 2 mm. diam. leviter alveolatum. Flores radii feminei
praecipue 8 tubulo 1.5 mm. longo lingua linearis 4 mm. longa. Flores
disci hermaphroditi 26-30 corola tubulosa lutea 4.5 mm. longa. Pap-
pus sordide albidus 4.5 mm. long.
Type: Ecuador: W. Cordillera above Balsapampa, 2600 met. alt.
Forest tree 8 m. high little branches, colect. Oct. 1934, Dr. A.
Rimbach, No. 240.
Closely related to S. tipocochensis Domke, S. balsapampae differs
from it by slightly larger heads, glabrous backs of the phyllaries,
short pedicels bearing glomerate heads in groups of 3-5, small ligules,
the shape of the leaves, and by the lax pubescence on the lower side
of the leaves. In addition, the branchlets of the inflorescences and
nerves of the leaves are reddish.
Senecio Pururu Cuatr.. sp. nov.
Frutex altus. Kami terminali cortice rugoso, foliorum cicatricibus
impressis, hirtuol-toraentoso.
Folia charthacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus 5-7 cm. longus (et
fortasse longior) hirto-tomentoso supra valde sulcato. Lamina ellip-
tico-lanceolata basi rotundata apicem versus attenuata et acuta,
margine minute dentata dentibus 1 mm. acutiusculis parce callosis;
supra viridis subnitida sparsis pilis minutis crassis applicatis sub-
strigosis munita, nervo medio valde signato tomentoso nervis laterali-
bus 33 utroque latere angulo quasi recto signatis; subtus dense tomen-
tosa virido-grisacea, nervo medio crasso prominenti nervis lateralibus
elevatis, furcato ramificatis anastomosantibus, reliquis nervulis
venulisque reticulum cum tomento velatum formantibus. Lamina (unici
folii speciminis nostrum) 28 cm. longa x 9 cm. lata et verossimiliter
valde major.
20 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Panicula terminalis inferne foliosa; ramis axeque robustis rubes-
centibus leviter striatis tomentulosis. Bracteolae lineares 20-2 mm.
long. Pedicelli 1-10 mm. longi tenues rigid! tomentulosi bracteolati.
Capkula hemisphaerica radiata. Calyculus 4-6 bracteolis lineari
lanceola,tis, 2-3 mm. longis. Involucrum 12-13 bracteis lanceolatis
5 mm. longis, 1-2 mm. latis, margine scariosis dorso leviter tomentu-
losis. Flores feminei radii 12-15 corolla ligulata 6 mm. longa, tubulo
1.5 mm. longo, lamina anguste elliptica, bidentata. Flores centrales
hermaphroditi 4-4.5 mm. longi lutei tubulo 2 cm. limbo ampliato quin-
quedentato. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sordide ochraceo-albidus.
Type: Ecuador, prov. Santiago-Zamora: dense forest between
Campanas and Arenillas, along rio Tintas, 10 leagues southeast of
El Pan, altitude 2195 met. Collect. Julian A. Steyermark 53544 July
13, 1943. "Shrub 10 feet tall, flowers yellow, leaves grayish below,
common name "pururu."
This plant is related to S. s ibundoyensis Cuatr. and S Diets ii
Domke. In addition to a remarkable difference in the indument of the
upper and lower sides (less rough) of the leaves, S. pururu is dis-
tinguished by the structure of the much smaller heads. The specimen
collected by Steyermark has heads of variable size, some of which are
very large and deformed, possibly as a result of insect attacks.
Senecio bugalagrandis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba robusta 2 metralis. Folia alterna petiolata crasiusculo-
herbacea. Petiolus longus robustus crassus 10 cm. longus plus mi-
nusve pilosus supra sulcatus margine involutus subtus striolatus.
Lamina rhomboid eo-ovata basi rotundato-cordata apice triangularis
acuta margine repando sinuata utroque latere supra mediam partem uno
lobo triangular! eminenti; supra glabra viridis subnitido nervo medio
impresso, nervis lateralibus distantibus plus minusve brachiatis anas-
tomosatis; subtus viridis parcissime arachnoideo-pubescenti costa
crassa eminenti nervis secundariis prominulis, reliqua tenuiter laxis-
sime reticulata.
Panicula corymbiformis terminalis ampla ramis glabris sed sursum
parce tomentuloso-puberulis. Bracteae lineares subulatae, 2-3 mm.
longae, ramuli erecti. Pedicelli tenues erecti 3-10 mm. longi 2-3
bracteolati, apice ad instar calyculum 4-5 bracteolis 1-2 mm. longis,
pilis crispis vestitis.
Capitula erecta vel inclinata radiata. Involucrum pallido viride
campanulatum 8 bracteis 9 mm. long, x 2 mm. lat., lineari ellipticis
margine scariosis apice obtusiusculis ciliatis, reliquis glabris sed
tenuissime tomento arachnoideo deciduo. Flores exteriores feminei
ligulatae 2-4 corolla lutea tubulo 6 mm. longo lamina elliptica 8-nerviis
4.5 mm. longa x 2 mm. lata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi 7-8.
Corolla lutea 6-7 mm. longa, tubuloso-infundibuliformis tubulo 3 mm.
longo dentibus anguste triangularibus. Kami stigmatici truncati.
Pappus albidus 7 mm. long. Ovarium glabrum.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 21
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central. Margenes del rib
Bugalagrande, entre El Puente y Las Salinas, 2000 m. alt., 27-111-1946
colect. J. Cuatrecasas 20486. "Hierba de 2 met., robusta. Involucre
herbaceo, verde claro. Hoja semibrillante, crasiuscula, Corolas
amarillas."
Among the herbaceous Senecios this species is remarkable because
of its large size, the shape of the inflorescence and the structure and
size of its heads.
Senecio silvascandens Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex plurimetralis caule valido scandenti ramis foliosis flori-
ferisque supra ramorum silvam evolutis. Kami curvati teretes badi
peridermato-squamosi.
Folia crasso-coriacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus 15-20 mm. longus
basi incrassatus glaber. Lamina elliptico-oblonga vel ovato-eiliptica
basi cuneata apice attenuata acuta margine Integra plana vel in sicco
anguste revoluta, 11-15 cm. longa x 5-7.5 cm. lata, utrinque glabra
viridis et nitida; costa crassa supra sulcata subtus valde eminenti,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere 6-8 arcuato ascendentibus apicem
versus plus minusve anastomosatis; reliquis conspicuis nervulis levi-
t**r et laxe reticulatis.
Inflorescentiae corymboso-paniculatae terrninales et axillares axe
robusto et ramulis erectis vel erecto-patulis, plus minusve striatis et
pubescentibus, parum arachnoideis. Bracteae inferiores subfoliaceae
lamina viridis elliptico-lanceolata 5-1 cm. long. 20-4 mm. lat., superi-
ores subulatae parvae. Pedicelli 4-14 mm. long., erecti 3-8 in termi-
nalibus ramusculis graciliter corymbosi dispositi arachnoideo-pubes-
centi plurimis bracteolis 2 mm. long, lanceolatis apice scariosis
acutiusculis plus minusve lacerato-ciliatis muniti. Calyculum saepe
5 bracteolis.
Capitula erecta vel inclinata radiata. Involucrum hemisphaerico-
catnpanulatum viride 13 bracteis oblongis apice acutis 4.5 mm. longis,
2 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso sparse arachnoideo-puberulis
apice plus minusve ciliatis. Receptaculum 1.5 mm. latum longe fim-
briatum. Flores radii feminei ligulati plerumque 8 corolla lutea tubulo
3 mm. longo lamina elliptica bi-tridentata 3.5-4 mm. longa 2 mm. lata
4-nerviis. Flores centrales hermaphroditi 30-34 corolla tubulosae 6
mm. longa glabra lutea tubulo 2.5 mm. longo 5-dentatis dentibus trian-
gularibus elongatis 1 mm. longis. Antherae 2 mm. longae. Ovarium
glabrum. Pappus albo-sericeus 5 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, filo de la
Cordillera: Mares, 1970-2000 m. alt., 13-IIM947 colect. J. Cuatre-
casas 23768. "Bejuco. Hoja gruesa coriacea, crasiuscula, verde
brillante haz y enves. Involucro verde. Flo'sculos y ligulas amarillos."
Additional specimens examined: Dep. Cauca, Cordillera Central;
regio'n de Moscopan: Hoya del rfo San Jose, Aguabonita, bosques
2280 met. alt. colect. 1-1947 J. Cuatrecasas 23541. "Gran bejuco.
22 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Ramas hojosas y floriferas aglomeradas encima de los arboles. In-
volucro verde. Corolas amarillas." This plant has a little smaller
heads than the type and the leaves are larger (18 x 8.5 cm.). Dep.
Valle, Cordillera Occidental; Hoya del rfo Di'gua, lado izquierdo del
no San Juan en la region de Queremal, 1350-1400 met. alt., Quebradita
del km. 51, colect. 25-11-1947 J. Cuatrecasas 23696. "Bejuco robusto.
Hoja subcoriacea verde clara. Involucre verde. Corola amarilla."
This specimen has rotundate leaves at the base and narrower phylla-
ries and ligules than the type.
Senecio silvascandens is related to 5. huilensis Cuatr., 5. Ascher-
sonianus Hier. and S. Magnus ii Hier. It can be distinguished by the
involucre with its 13-14 phyllaries, the fimbriate receptacle, the larger
number of flowers in each head, the smaller size of the flowers, the
large, glabrous leaves and by the arachnoid pubescence of the branch-
lets of the inflorescence.
Senecio bejucosus Cuatr., sp. nov-
Frutex validus plurimentralis caule et ramis scandentibus. Kami
curvati striolulati minute tomentulosi.
Folia subcoriacea crassiuscula alterna petiolata. Petiolus 2.5-4
cm. longus supra sulcatus puberulo-tomentulosus tenuis basi incras-
satus. Lamina ovalis basi rotundata apice acutata vel acuminata
margine laevis et plana, 10-15 cm. longa x 6-9 cm. lata, utrinque pal-
lido viridis, pilis minutis simplicibus vel furcatis sparsissime munita
nervo medio puberulo nervis secundariis 7-10 utraque latere ascenden-
tibus notatis; subtus magis prominentibus, nervorum reticulo laxo vix
conspicuo.
Inflorescentiae paniculatae axillares et ad terminationem ramorum
valde evolutae, axe ramulisque striatis viridis puberulo-tomentulosis,
inferne bracteis foliis simillimis sed minoribus superne bracteis
lanceolatis 5-20 mm. longis herbaceis. Pedicelli 5-10 mm. longi 1-2
bracteolis muniti, teneres praecipue flexuosi apice 2-4 bracteis 1-2
mm. longis instar calyculum.
Capitula nutantia vel cernua raro erecta heterogama discoidea.
Involucrum campanulatum 8 bracteis glabris 2-seriatis 4 exterioribus
lineari-ellipticis acutis 5.5 mm. long. 1.5 mm. latis, 4 interioribus
5.5 mm. longis x 3 mm. latis ellipticis acutis margine valde scariosis;
interdum bracteis per pares coalitas involucrum asymmetricum 6-5 vel
4 partibus formantibus. Receptaculum 2 mm. marginibus alveolorum
denticulatis. 28-32 lutei. 2-8 flores exteriores feminei corolla tubulosa
5 mm. longa teneri apice 3-5 dentibus asymmetricis disposifis stili
non superanti. Flores disci hermaphroditi corolla 6 mm. longa, tubulo
3 mm. limbo campanulato 5 dentibus 1 mm. longis. Kami stigmatici
truncati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus 5 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental: Hoya del rio
Cali, vertiente izquierda del rio Pichinde, El Cairo 2100-2180 met.
alt., 6 agosto 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 21970. "Gran bejuco.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 23
Hoja crasiuscula flexible verde clara. Involucre verde. Corolas
amarillas. Involucro 7 mm. long. 4.5 mm. diam."
Senecio bejucosus Cuatr. var. lancifolius Cuatr., nov. var.
Folia ovato-lanceolata 13-15 cm. longa x 4.5-6 cm. lata, Jonge
attenuata acuta.
Type: Colombia: Supata. San Francisco Road (Cundinaraarca)
alt 2000 met. alt. "Slender climber with pendant shoots to 5 m. long.
Leaves smooth, thick. Inflorescence very showy, heads bright yellow,
but not lasting long." Collect. Haught 6125.
S. bejucosus differs from all other climbing species of Senecio by
the scarce indument of the leaves and branches, the broad phyllaries,
the inconspicuous tubular female flowers, the flexuose pedicels and
long petioles.
Senecio vallecaucanus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens caule valido ramis robustis striato-sulcatis punc-
tato-cicatricosis et sparse puberulis.
Folia subcoriacea rigida alterna petiolata. Petiolus robustus 3.5-
5.5 cm. longus supra late sulcatus subtus teretis glabris. Lamina
ovato-elliptica vel elliptica saepe curvato-asymmetrica basi rotundata
vel subcordata apice acuta vel apiculata, 24-32 cm. longa x 11-13 cm.
lata, margine argute dentata dentibus 1 mm. profundis 2 mm. distanti-
bus paulo callosis et margine revolutis; supra griseo-viridis opaca
nervato-rugoso nervo medio sparse piloso reliqua glabra; subtus
pallido-viridis sparsissime et tenuissime arachnoideo pilosa, valde
nervosa costa crassissima eminenti nervis secundariis utroque latere
20-24, prominentibus extremum versus vel partem mediam furcato-
anastomosantibus inter nervos laterales prominulum reticulum venulis
venulosisque formantibus.
Inflorescentiae thyrsoideo-paniculata terminales exfoliatae valde
evolutae (50-60 cm. longae) vel axillares foliam longitudinem non
superantes. Pedunculus paniculae viridis axillaris robustus 8-11 cm.
longus striatus parce pilosus; parte floriferae 12-22 cm. longae ramus-
culis viridibus erectis pubescentibus bracteis lanceolato-linearibus
inferioribus 4-5 cm. longis 3-5 mm. latis superioribus anguste linear i-
bus longis flexuosis 1.5-2 cm. longis. Pedicelli racemiformes dis-
positi, erecto-patuli rigidi hirtuli 7-8 bracteatis bracteolis flexuoso-
intricatis superioribus 3-4 ad instar calyculum.
Capitula discoidea heterogama 21-23 floribus. Involucrum campanu-
latum 8 bracteis lanceolatis elliptico-lanceolatis velovato-lanceolatis,
10 mm. longis 2-3.5 mm. latis margine late scariosis dorso viridibus
apice acuto ciliolulatis. 2-4 flores exteriores feminei, corolla lutea
brevissime ligulata tubulo subcapillari 5 mm. longo limbo angusto
ligulato'3 mm. longo vel subcapillari-tubuloso 4-5 profunde fisso 8 mm.
long.; rami stigmatici obtusi. Flores disci hermaphroditi corolla lutea
24 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
tubulo 5.5 mm. longo limbo campanula! o 4 mm. longo dentibus 1.2 mm.
profundis. Kami stigmatici truncati et subconico apiculati ciliati.
Achaenia costata fusiformia 5 mm. longa. Pappus 8.5 mm. longus
palleo-albidus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental; Los Farallones,
Alto del Buey, bosques 3450-3300 m., 13 oct. 1944 colect. J. Cuatre-
casas 18062. "Gran bejuco. Hoja grande, subcoriacea, rfgida, muy
nervuda, verde grisaceo mate haz, claro enves. Ramillas inflores-
cencias verdes. Involucro verde."
This species of Senecio, though heterogamous and practically dis-
coid, is distinguished from all other climbing and discoid species of
the genus by the shape of the large leaves which are strongly reticu-
late and rugose, the large inflorescence, the large linear flexuose
curly intricate bracteoles at the pedicels, branchlets and calycle.
S. aberrans Greenm., described as an erect shrub, has radiate heads
with 13 phyllaries and different leaves. S. Pennellii Greenm., too,
has radiate but smaller heads. S. vallecaucanus has a remarkable
stigma, that is, truncate at the margin and conical in the center, as
described by Greenman for S. aberrans. This character and the linear
flezuose bracteoles are reminiscent of some Gynoxys species, e.g.,
S. perbracteosa and related ones.
Seoecio vallecaucanus Cuatr., var. corralensis Cuatr., nov. var.
Differt: folia rainora vulgo 18 z 7 cm., margine dentibus angustiori-
bus, infra magis arachnoideo-tomentulosa. Kami ramulique inflores-
centiae pubescenti-tomentulosi. Capitula et flores parce breviores.
Bracteae 8.5 mm. long. Corolla disci 8 mm. longa.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central; Hoya del rib
Bugalagrande, Barragan: Paramo de Bavaya, Corrales 3450-3520 met.
alt. colect. III-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 20153. "Gran bejuco. Hoja semi-
coriacea, crasa, verde oscura rugosa semibrillantt haz, verde clara
enves. Involucro verde. Corolas amarillas."
Senecio calianus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutez plurimetralis caule robusto scandenti. Kami ochraceo-
brunnei terminales virides glabri leaves.
Folia coriacea alterna petiolata utrinque pallido viridia glaberrima.
Petiolus 5-10 mm. longus subteres. Lamina elliptica 6-11 cm. longa
z 2.5-3-8 cm. lata basi cuneata apice acuta vel acuminata margine
anguste revoluta costa supra crassiuscula subtus valde prominent!,
nervis secundariis distantibus 7-8 paribus plus minusve angulo 45,
utrinque signatis sed apicem versus minor prominulis tenuibus anas-
tomosantibus inter eos tenuissimis venulis anastomosatis minutum
conspicuum reticulum formantibus.
Paniculae coryrabosae terminales, ramis ramulisque subglabris,
sparse et minute puberulis. Bracteae inferne foliosae sessiles parvae,
superne lineari-lanceolatae acutissimae, 3-1.5 mm. loneae. Pedicelli
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 25
teneres erecto-patuli 2-10 mm. long., puberuli bracteati ad apicem 3-5
bracteis lanceolatis minutis ad instar calyculum. Capitula radiata
20-22 floribus erecta vel inclinata. Receptaculum 2 mm. diam. leviter
alveolato-dentatum. Involucrum campanulatum viride 8 bracteis ellip-
tico-linearibus acutis glabris margine scariosis 5.5-6 mm. longis,
2 mm. latis. Flores feminei exteriores ligulati, corolla lutea tubulo
angusto 5 mm. longo lamina elliptica 2 mm. longa 1-1.5 mm. lata
minute tridentata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi corolla lutea 6 mm.
longa tubulo so-infundibuliformi limbo profunde 5-partito. Kami stigma-
tice truncati. Achaenia striata 1.7 mm. long.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental: La Cumbre,
entre residues de monte 1680 m., febr. 1945, J. Cuatrecasas 19616.
"Bejuco grande. Hoja coriacea verde claro. Involucre verde. Corola
amarilla."
This species is easily confused with S. elliptic ifolius Hier. I
checked it with an isotype in the Herbarium of Chicago Natural History
Museum (Lehmann 8508) and I found that it is readily distinguishable
by its coriaceous leaves. They are minutely reticulate, unlike the
leaves of Lehmann's plant despite Hieronymus* description ("inter
nervos laterales reticulato-venosis venulosisque venis venulisque
utrinque parum conspicuis vix in sicco prominulis.")
Senecio Haughtii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ramis pallido-brunneis subteretibus glabris.
Folia membranacea alterna petiolata utrinque viridia laevia et
glabra. Petiolus 10-15 mm. longus tenuis basi incrassatus. Lamina
obovato-elliptica apice obtusa vel subrotundata basim versus attenuata
cuneata margine laevis et minute revoluta, costa crassiuscula utrinque
prominenti, nervis secundariis inmersis levissime conspicuis 6-7
utroque latere tenuibus ascendentibus inter eos venulis reticulatis
fere inconspicuis; 4-7.5 cm. longa x 1.8-3.2 cm. lata.
Paniculae terminales corymbiferae ramis ramulisque glabris ascen-
dentibus, basi folioso-bracteatae sursum bracteis ellipticis vel lance-
olatis 8-4 mm. longis munitae. Pedicelli 3-8 mm. longi erecti vel
patuli levissime puberuli, aliquibus minutis bracteolis lineari-lance-
olatis amplectentibus ferenti; 2-3 bracteolis superioribus vix calyculum
formantibus. Capitula radiata erecta vel nutantia. Involucrum cylin-
dricum 8 bracteis linearibus 8.5-9 mm. longis 2.5 mm. latis margine
scariosis dorso viridibus apice acuto subciliolato. Flores exteriores
feminei 5 ligulatae, corolla aurea tubulo angusto glabro 6 mm. longo,
lamina late lineari-elliptica 8 mm. longa 2.5-3.5 mm. lata apice obtusa
3-dentata, 5-6 nerviis; stylus brevis ramis stigmaticis obtusis glabris.
Flores centrales hermaphroditi 10, corolla tubulosa lutea 10 mm. longa
tubulo angusto 5 mm. longo, limbo infundibuliformi apice 5-lobato
dentibus 1 mm. profundis triangulare-elongatis. Antherae 3 mm. longae.
Kami stigmatici lutei truncati papillosi. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
albo-sericeus 9 mm. longus.
26 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cundinamarca. Ubate'-Carupa Highway, alt.
2800 met., colect. Oscar Haught 6173, Sept. 14, 1947. "Stem soft,
flexible, very tough. Leaves smooth, rather thick. Heads showy,
bright yellow."
This species is closely related to S. sylvicola Greenman but dif-
fers from the latter by its smooth leaves with inconspicuous nerves,
the practically glabrous inflorescence, the bright yellow corollas,
and the longer involucre and flowers.
Senecio vulpinaris Cuatr., sp. nov.
Caulis scandens ramis curvatis rubescenti-viridis scriatis parce
araneoso-puberulis.
Folia membranacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus 12-25 mm. longus
tenuis rigidus supra sulcatus basi vaginantis, leviter araneosis.
Lamina ovato-acuminata basi rotundata vel subcordata apice acutis-
sima, 5-9 cm. longa x 2.5-5 cm. tata; margine tenuissime revoluta
repando denticulata dentibus minutis 0.6-0.8 mm. longis 3-6 mm. inter
eosdistantibus; supra viridis laevis glabra; subtus plus minusve pube-
ruli-arachnoidea nervo medio prominenti nervis lateralibus 5-6 utroque
latere valde ramificatis in prominulo venulorum reticulo anastomosatis.
Paniculae terminales usque ad 20 cm. longae et axillares (9-10 cm.);
ramis ramulisque rubescenti-viridibus striolatis sparse araneosis,
bracteis inferioribus foliaceis superioribus lanceolatis vel linearibus
rubescentibus plus minus puberulo-araneosis 12-6 mm. longis. Pedi-
celli 4-8 mm. longi tenues erecto-patuli 2-5 bracteis ornatis et ad
apicem 4-5 bracteolis linearibus vel lanceolatis 2-4 mm. longis ad
instar calyculum instruct!. Capitula patula heterogama. Involucrum
campanulatum 8 bracteis elliptici-lanceolatis 6 mm. long, x 1.5-2.5 mm.
latis margine scariosis dorso viridibus leviter puberulo-araneosis vel
glabris sed apicem versus ciliolatis. Flores feminei exteriores ligu-
latae corollae tubo 1.5 mm. longo lamina linearis 4 mm. longa apice
tridentata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi corolla lutea tubuloso-
infundibuliformis 6 mm. longa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus
5.5 mm. longus.
Type: Venezuela: State of Lara between Buenos Aires and Paramo
de las Rosas, altitude 2285-3290 meters. Collect. Julian A. Steyermark
55432, febr. 11, 1944 "bejuco de zorro." "Climbing; involucre pale
green."
Senecio vulpinaris can be differentiated from S. serratifolius Klatt
by its shorter ligules and heads, the shape and consistency of the
leaves, and other characters. The same differences distinguish them
from both the other climbing and discoid species, or those with short
ligulate flowers.
Senecio ptarianus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens. Kami cortice peridermato-squamosa ochraceo-
badii, terminali viriduli plus minusve striati minute et sparse puberuli.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 27
Folia alterna petiolata subcoriacea. Petiolus 1-2 cm. long, sparse
puberulus supra sulcatus basi incrassatus erectus vel basim versus
curvatus retrorsus. Lamina lace ovalis inaequilatera basi cuneata vel
rotundata apice acuta vel acuminaca vel rotundata obtusa utrinque
glaberrima margine laevis angustissime revoluta; nervo medio supra
signato subtus prominenti nervis lateralibus utroque latere 4-6, arcu-
atis ascendentibus marginem versus anastomosantibus reliqua super-
ficie laevi nervulis venisque inmersis parum conspicuis; 7-12 cm.
long, x 4.5-9 cm. lata.
Inflorescentiae axillares (quam foliam paulo superantes) et termi-
nales corymboso-paniculatae, axe tantum tercio superiore ramificato,
ramulis pedunculisque pallide viridibus breviter puberulis. Bracteae
lanceolatae 6-3 mm. longae. Pedicelli subtenues recti vel curvati
aliquibus bracteis muniti vel ebracteatis 2-3 superioribus vix calycu-
lum formantibus. Capitula nee numerosa angusta cylindraceae erecta
vel inclinata discoidea heterogama. Involucrum cylindricum 8 bracteis
late linearibus acutis albido viridibus margine scariosis 7 mm. longis
2 mm. latis parce puberuiis. Flores 9-12, 1-2 exteriores feminei,
corolla 6 mm. longi tubulo capillari 3 mm. longo minute puberulo
limbo angustissime 3-laciniato 2.5-3 mm. longo stigmatis subconica.
Flores centrales hermaphroditi corolla lutea 7.5 mm. longa tubulo
angusto 4 mm. longo minute puberulo limbo subcampanulato profunde
5-dentato lobulis triangulari-elongatis 1.5 mm. longis; stigmata obtusa
truncatula. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sericeus 7 mm. longus.
Type: Venezuela, State of Boli'var. Ptari-tepui, on densely forested
steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone between "Cave Rock"
and base of high sandstone bluffs, altitude 2285-2405 meters, collect.
Julian A. Steyermark 59567, oct. 30, 1944.
Related to Senecio cucullatus Klatt, S. ptarianus can be distin-
guished from the former by the larger, ovoid and nearly orbiculate
leaves, short pedicels, smaller heads, shorter (7 mm. not 9 mm. long)
but somewhat pubescent phyllaries, 1-2 female flowers which are not
really ligulate and the pubescent corolla tube.
Senecio cobrensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens plurimetralis. Kami terminales volubili virido
grisei peridermato-squamosi.
Folia crassa subcoriacea alterna petiolata. Petiolus usque ad 3
mm. longus supra sulcatus glaber erectus vel basi curvatus. Lamina
ovoidea vel elliptico ovata basi cuneata apice attenuata acuta margine
integerrima in sicco anguste revoluta, utrinque glabra et laevis nervo
medio subtus valde prominenti secundariis utroque latere 5 curvaco
ascendentibus parum conspicuis reliquis inmersis vix conspicuis,
5.5-8 cm. x 3.2-4.5 cm. lat.
Inflorescentiae in corymbis ramulorum terminales subsimplices
pauce capituliferae basi foliosae. Pedicelli longissimi tenues sed
robusti erecti 2-3.5 cm. longi glabri 3-5 bracteolis linearibus acutis
28 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
7-3 mm. longis munitis, apice 2-3 bracteolis simillimis ad instar
calyculum.
Capitula radiata erecta. Receptaculum 2.5 mm. diam. margine
alveolorum dentata. Involucrum campanulatum saepe 8 bracteis mem-
branaceis elliptico-lanceolatis margine scariosis dorso glabris viridi-
bus apice acutis ciliolatis, 10 mm. longis x 2-3 mm. latis. Flores
feminei exteriores ligulatae 5-6, corolla flava tubulo 5.5 mm. longa
lamina oblongo elliptica 11 mm. long, x 3-3.5 mm. lata 6-8 nerviis
apice 3-dentata; rami stigmatici minute papillosi obtusi. Flores
centrales hermaphroditi 15-18, corolla lutea 9 mm. long, tubuloso in-
fundibuliformis tubulo 4 mm. longo basi subite dilatato limbo 5-dentato
lobulis triangulari-ellipticis 1.5 mm. longis; ramis stigmaticibus trun-
catis penicillatis. Ovario glabro. Pappus sordide albidus 9 mm.
Type: Venezuela, State of Tachira. Wet thickets, between El
Cobre and Cordero, altitude 1520-1820 meters. Collected Julian A.
Steyermark 57128, July 8, 1947. "Vining over tree; rays pale yellow;
disk deep yellow; leaves fleshy-subcoriaceous, deep green above,
pale green below, involucre grass green."
This species is unique among the climbing Senecios. It is glab-
rous and characterized by the shape of the inflorescence, consisting
of 3-4 simple axillary corymbs (each with 3-5 flowers); these corymbs
are gathered at the end of the branchlets and form a composite terminal
corymb whose heads are situated at the same level. It is also well
marked by its long pedicels and the large size of the heads.
Senecio riolintis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ramis tortuosis cortice rugoso glabro ochraceo-
brunneo plus minusve peridermato-squamoso terminantione laevi stri-
olulato viridulo.
Folia alterna petiolata crassa coriacea. Petiolus 1-2 cm. longus
glaber subtenuis basi incrassatus. Lamina late ovata basi subtrun-
cata vel pauce cuneata apice attenuata acuta vel subite acuminata
margine integerrima revoluta utrinque glabra supra atroviridis laevis
nervis medio et lateralibus paulo notatis infra caesia costa crasso-
prominenti nervis lateralibus 4-5 paribus arcuato-ascendentibus nervu-
lis venulisque inmersis inconspicuis. 5-7 cm. long, x 3.5-5 cm. lat.
Inflorescentiae paniculatae axillares longe pedunculatae 3-4-plo
foliam superantae. Axis robustus striatus nudus parce puberulus.
Ramusculi tenues erecti vel flexuosi puberuli bracteis ovato ellipticis
plerumque 1 cm. long, x 4-5 ram. latis. Pedicelli 5-1.5 mm. longi.
Bracteoli lineari vel lanceolati 2-3 mm. longi 3-4 ad instar calyculum.
Capitula radiata erecta vel nutantia. Involucrum campanulatum
5-7 bracteis ellipticis acutatis, 6 mm. longis x 1.5-3 mm latis, margine
scariosis apice ciliolatis dorso viridibus glabris vel parcissime
araneoso-puberulis. Receptaculum 1.5 mm. diam. fimbriatum. Flores
feminei exteriores 3-7 ligulati. Corolla tubulo 3 mm. long, lamina
elliptica 3-dentata 4 nerviis 3-4 mm. longa x 1.5 mm. lata. Flores
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE -I 29
centrales hermaphroditi 13-16, corolla lutea 6 mm. longa tubuloso-
infundibuliformi 5 dentata lobulis ellipticis 1.5 mm. longis. Ovarium
glabrum. Pappus albidus 5.5 mm.
Type: Ecuador, prov. Santiago-Zamora. Dense forest between
Campanas and Arenillas, along Rio Tintas, 10 leagues southeast of
El Pan, altitude 2195 meters. Collect. Julian A. Steyermark 53625,
July 13, 1943.
Closely related to S. huilensis Cuatr., this species can be dis-
tinguished by its smoother leaves, lacking every trace of reticulation.
The branchlets of the inflorescences and peduncles are more slender
and flexible, but less pubescent; the phyllaries are broader, and less
numerous, and tend to fuse; the ligules are smaller.
Senecio pseudofbrmosus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba robusta ramosa usque ad 1.5 met. alta caulis ramique stri-
olulati virides glabri vel superne paulo subpubescentes.
Folia herbacea alterna sessilia late ovato-vel elliptico-lanceolata
basi amplectantia cordata auriculata auriculis latis angulatis, apice
acuta vel acuminata margine denticulata paulo revoluta; supra viridia
glabra vel sparsis pilis nervo medio notato; subtus pallido-viridia
tenuiter pubescenti-arachnoidea nervo medio crasso eminenti nervis
lateralibus filiformibus ascendentibus; 10-14 cm. long, x 4-5.5 cm. lat.
(et fortasse majora).
Inflorescentia corymbis pedunculatis axillaribus et terminalibus in
paniculam terminalem compositae. Pedunculi corymborum foliis longi-
ores erecto-patuli glabri vel subglabri. Pedicelli subtenues levissime
puberuli-araneosi suberecti 4-40 mm. longi. Calyculum 5-7 bracteis
linearibus involucrum aequilongis vel brevioribus.
Capitula radiata inclinata mediocria. Involucrum late campanulatum
21-24 bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acutis, 9-10 mm. longis, 1.5-2 mm.
latis apice acutis ciliolulatis margine scariosis dorso viridibus glabris
vel subtilissime puberulo-araneosis. Flores exteriores feminei ligu-
latae 12-20, corolla cardeno-rubra tubulo angusto 4 mm. longo apicem
versus puberulo lamina elliptica tridentata 4 nerviis, 8-9 mm. longa x
3-3.5 mm. lata. Flores centrali crebri hermaphroditi corolla rubra
8,5-9 mm. longa, tubulo 4 mm. longo glabro limbo tubuloso campanulato
5-dentato; rami stigmatici truncati penicillati. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus sordide albidus 8 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Departamento Norte de Santander. Vertiente
oriental de la Cordillera: Quebrada de Cariongo sobre Pamplona,
matorrales, 2500 m. alt., 26 Jul. 1940, colect. J. Cuatrecasas et
H. Garcia Barriga 10247.
This species is closely related to S. formosus HBK, var. latifolia
Wedd., but can be distinguished by its larger size, by being glabrous
or sparsely pubescent at the top of the branchlets and on the lower
side of the leaves, and by its shorter heads.
30 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Senecio summus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba aculi-rosulata rhizomate profunde inclinato radicellis capil-
laceis.
Folia crassiuscula omnia basi late vaginata araplectantia fascicu-
lata; vagina submembranacea 8-10 cm. longa 1-1.5 cm. lata extus
glabra intus lanato arachnoidea. Lamina elliptico-oblonga lanceolata
basi parum attenuata apice acuta, 9-14 cm. long, x 10-16 mm. lata,
supra luteo-viridis subnitida in juvenilis sparse floccoso arachnoidea
lana decidua nervo medio impresso; subtus nervo medio luteo-viridi
nitenti excepto albo-arachnoideo-tomentoso-lanata costa valde crassa
parcis nervis secundariis ascendentibus parum notatis margine valde
revoluta.
Scapus albo lanato-arachnoideus folia non superans, inflorescentia
corymboso-paniculata, ramulis inferioribus cum bracteis foliaceis axil-
laribus superne bracteati bracteis late ovato-acuminatis vel oblongis
3-1 cm. long, x 12-4 mm. latis supra araneosi lanatis extus glabrius-
culis. Pedicelli crassiusculi albo tomentulosi, 3-15 mm. longi brac-
teolati apicem aliquibus bracteolis involucre simillimis ad modum
calyculum 2-3 seriatum formantibus.
Capitula discoidea plus minus nutantia vel cernua, plus 200 flori-
bus. Involucrum spheroideo-campanulatum saepe 21 bracteis late
lanceolatis 11-12 mm. longis 3 mm. latis apice acutis minute ciliatis
margine scariosis dor so luteo viridibus jjlabris vel soarsissime tomento
araneoso albo deciduo. Receptaculum 7-8 mm. diam. marginibus
alveolorum argute dentatis. Flores omnes hermaphroditi, corollae
tubulosae flavae 8 mm. longae tubulo 2.5 mm. longo limbo infundibuli-
f or mi-camp an ulato 5 dentato lobulis ellipticis 1 mm. long. Kami
stigmatici truncati papillose penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
sordide albidus 7 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Caldas. Cordillera Central, vertiente
occidental: Nevado de Santa Isabel, arenales 4420 m. alt. (cabeceras
del rib Otun), 25-XI-46 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 23207. "Hoja verde
amarillenta semibrillante haz, blanca enves con nervios verdoso
amarillentos. Involucro verde amarillento. Flo'sculos amarillos."
Closely related to S. culcitioides Sch. Bip. S. summus can be dis-
tinguished by its shorter and broader leaves, larger heads, broadly
ovate (not linear-lanceolate) bracts of the inflorescence and the
broader phyllaries.
Senecio onae Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex 1-2 met. altus. Kami extreraum versus curvati tomentoso-
hirti.
Folia alterna petiolata coriacea. Petiolus robustus suberectus
vel curvatis hirto-tomentosus basi incrassatus 6-14 mm. longus. Lami-
na elliptico-oblonga lanceolata basi paulo attenuata rotundata apice
acuta acuminata margine anguste revoluta et minute arguteque denticu-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 31
lata dentibus callosis; supra viridis glabra costa impressa tomentulosa
nervis secundariis et nervulis reticulatis anguste prominulis; subtus
puberulo- tomentulosa costa bene prominent! nervis secundariis 20-22
paribus angulo obtuso angustis prominulis partem mediam bifurcate
anastomosantibus cum reliquis nervulis reticulum elevatis formantibus;
9-11 cm. longa, 3-3.5 cm. lata.
Inflorescentia terminalis corymboso-paniculata basi foliata, folium
superiorem paulo excedens. Ramuli paulo striolati araneoso-puberuli.
Bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares acutae arachnoideo-puberulae 10-4
mm. longae. Pedicelli teneres sed rigidi aliquibus bracteolis muniti
6-12 mm. longi. Calyculus 5-6 bracteis linearibus quam involucro
minoribus vel subaequantibus.
Capitula erecta vel inclinata radiata. Involucrum sphaerico-cam-
panulatum praecipue 13 bracteis oblongo lanceolatis 4.5 mm. longis
1,7-2 mm. latis dorso viridibus parcissime araneoso-puberulis margine
scariosis apicem versus ciliolulatis apice ciliato-penicillatis. Re-
ceptaculum 2 mm. latum margine alveolorum dentato. Flores exteriores
feminei ligulatae 9-12, corolla lutea tubulo glabro 2.5 mm. longo
lamina elliptica minute 3-dentata 4 nerviis 5 mm. longa 2 mm. lata.
Flores centrales hermaphroditi corolla lutea tubulosa tubulo glabro
2 mm. long, limbo tubuloso 4 mm. long, breviter 5-lobato. Ovarium
glabrum. Pappus p alii do-alb id us, 6 mm. longus.
Type: Ecuador, Prov. Azuay. Between kilometer 67 and south
towards Ona, altitude 3715 meters, Julian A. Steyermark 53688, colect.
aug. 3, 1943. "Shrub 5-8 feet tall, rays rich yellow, disk dull yellow."
Related to S* semidentatus Klatt and 5. xanthopappus Klatt, S. onae
differs from them by its fine denticulate leaves, its less developed
panicules and by the shape of the heads.
Senecio onae Cuatr. var. leonis Cuatr., nov. var.
Folia angustiora lanceolata basi attenuata.
Type: Ecuador, Prov. Azuay. Dry rocky slopes bordering Rio Leon
towards Ofia, on north side of Rib Le&n, altitude 1970 met., collect.
3-VIII-1943, Julian A. Steyermark 53697. "Shrub 5 feet tall; flowers
yellow."
Senecio venezuelae (Badillo) Cuatr., nov. comb.
Caculia venezuelae Badillo, Boletin Soc. Venez. de C. Nat., 10(68):
319, jul.-sept., 1946.
This beautiful species is quite different from all others and charac-
terized by its large elliptical, coriaceous leaves with long petioles
and a dense tomentum on the lower side, and the tomentose terminal
stem or branches. The heads are remarkable in that they never have
more than 5 phyllaries and 5 flowers. The laciniate limb of the corolla
has 5 linear lobes. The androecium is generally abortive and lacks
anthers.
32 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Senecio Steyermarkii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor usque ad 8 met. alta caule simplice vel pauce ramoso. Kami
terminal! dense et crasse lanato tomentosi.
Folia maxima alterna valde coriacea petiolata. Petiolus validus
10-12 cm. longus 8 mm. crassus satis verrucosus et spisse lanato
tomentosus supra profunde sulcatus basi ampliatus vaginato-amplexi-
caulis. Lamina firmis ovata base profunde cordata sinu 6-9 cm. pro-
fundo lobis ample rotundatis apicem versus paulo attenuata obtusa
vel subrotundata vel acutiuscula, 36-50 cm. longa x 27-36 cm. lata,
margine laevis plana; supra atroviridis nervo medio prominent! crasso
valde tomentoso nervis lateralibus 8-10 utroque latere, medianis
angulo recto, superioribus arcuatis ascendentibus, inferioribus des-
cendentibus, tomentulosis reliqua laminae laxe venuloso-reticulata
notata et glabra; infra crasse et dense badi-viridi-tomentosa costa
valde crassa et prominenti verrucosa nervis secindariis prominentibus
ultra pattern mediam furcato anastomosantibus, cetera laxo reticulo
plus minus conspicuo . Folia juvenilia terminalia utrinque valde
crasse lanato-tomentosa indumento pagina superior! denique deciduo.
Inflorescentiae subterminales pedunculatae quam folia breviores
30-35 cm. altae, in statu compresso 20-25 cm. latae. Rachis robusta
plus minusve verrucosa dense tomentosa ramis alternis divaricatis
tomentosis. Bracteae lanceolatae vel anguste lineares tomentosae
25-10 mm. long. Pedicelli tomentosi 2-4 mm. long! 2-3 minute brac-
teolis subulatis muniti.
Capitula homogama pentamera erecta plus minus glomerata. Caly-
culum nulum vel 1-2 bracteolis basilarlbus. Involucrum cylindricum
pentamerum glabrum 5 bracteis membranaceis elliptico-linearibus
apice attenuate acutiusculo ciliato 7,5 mm. longis x 2.5-3 mm. latis.
Flores omnes hermaphroditi 5, corolla 9,5-10 mm. longa glabra leviter
strangulata tubulo 3.7 mm. long, limbo 6 mm. longo usque ad basim in
5 lacinias lineares fisso. Antherae 3 mm. longae basi breviter auri-
culatae raro presences in speciminibus nostris plerumque abortivae
sed filamentis persistentibus. Kami stigmatici 2 mm. longae apice
obtuse conici papilloso-pilosulo. Achaenia inmatura fussiformia
4.5 mm. longa. Pappus pallide-brunneus 9 mm. longus.
Type: Venezuela, State of Merida. Paramo de Pozo Negro between
San Jose and Beguill a, altitude 2590-3220 meters, Julian A. Steyermark
56268, collected May 3, 1944. "Tree 20-25 feet tall, simple-stemmed
or several branched, involucre pale green; leaves dark green above,
buff-yellowish-gray below; petioles verrucose, covered with buff-
yellowish tomentum. In dwarfed wet woods bordering paramo." =
Gynoxys verrucosa Badillo, Boletin Soc. Venez. de Ciencias Naturales,
tomo X, no. 68 (jul.-sept., 1946), pag. 312, no G. verrucosa Weddell,
Chloris Andina, I., pag. 77 ( 1855).
Senecio Steyermarkii is a very remarkable species, closely related
to Senecio venezuelae from Venezuela and to Senecio neodendroides
Cuatr. from certain paramos of the East Cordillera in Colombia. These
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 33
three species represent the same life form, being small trees with
simple stems or stems slightly branched at the top; the leaves are
large and tufted at the apex of the stem and the tips of the branches.
This group of species is intermediate between the genera Senecio and
Gynoxys on account of the appearance, shape of the heads, the re-
duced number of flowers per head, foliar structure (compare f.i. G.
puracensis, G. laurifolia, G. nitida) and the subtruncate stigma bearing
a short conical protuberance, which is either acute as in S. neoden-
droides or obtuse as in 5. Steyermarkii. In addition, these species
have a small number of phyllaries, 5 or 6 in the first, but only 5 in
S. Steyermarkii and S. venezuelae; they bear few flowers, from 6 to 9
in S. neo dendroid es but only 5 in the other two. The deep division of
the corolla limb is another remarkable character common to these three
species; whereas in many Gynoxys species the laciniation of the
corolla is incomplete and the limb is divided only to the middle, the
division extends to the base of the limb in S, Steyermarkii (and in the
other two). Finally, in this species the androceum s completely re-
duced, as anthers are generally lacking in the specimens observed.
The same is true for S. venezuelae, while S. neodendroides has herma-
phroditic flowers. In addition to these characteristics, S. Steyermarkii
is very distinct from all other Senecios on account of its striking
appearance, the extraordinarily large coriaceous leaves, thickly tomen-
tose underneath, the typical inflorescence and pentamerous heads.
Senecio gesnerifolius Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba 1 met. aha caule simplici erecto pubescenti.
Folia alterna membranacea crassiuscula petiolata. Petiolus 15-30
mm. longus erectus vel curvatus supra sulcatus subtus striatus hirto-
tomentosus. Lamina ovoidea basi cordata apice attenuata acuminata
margine dentato-s errata 8-15 cm. longa x 4,5-9 cm. lata; supra pallido-
viridis calloso-tuberculata nervo medio signato lateralibus paulo
conspicuis; subtus dense mollis tomentella viridulo-grisea costa
striata hirtulo tomentosa valde prominenti nervis secundariis prominu-
lis ascendentibus apicem versus curvatis 9-12 utroque latere, inter
eosnervulis laxe reticulatis.
Inflorescentia corymboso-paniculata terminalis ramis hirtulo-tomen-
tosis. Bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares acutae 10-3 mm. longae.
Pedicelli longi rigidi minute bracteolatae 2-3 cm. longi. Capitula
erecta radiata. Calyculum 4-5 bracteolis linearibus brevibus. Involu-
crum campanulatum 11-13 bracteis elliptico-lanceolatis 6 mm. longis
2 mm. latis margine s carlo sis, dor so viridibus arenoso puberulis.
Flores feminei exteriores 10-12, corolla ligulata lutea tubulo glabro
4 mm. longo, lamina 10 mm. longa 2.5 mm. lato late linearis 4 nerviis.
Flores disci hermaphroditi tubulosi 8 mm. longi glabri tubulo 4 mm.
limbo campanulato 5-dentato. Antherae 2 mm. longae minute auri-
culatae. Kami stigmatici truncato-obtusi papilloso-pilosi. Ovarium
glabrum. Pappus stramineus 7,5 mm. longus.
Type: Ecuador, Prov. Santiago-Zamora. Trail between Achupallas
34 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
and Nudo de Sabanillas, altitude 3000-3500 meters, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 54743, oct. 17, 1943.
The general appearance of Senecio gesnerifolius is unlike that of
any other species of the genus. The leaves are very similar to those
of some Gesneriaceae, hirsutulous above and softly tomentose below,
and marked on the lower side by prominent nerves. Its well-formed
inflorescence with long rigid erect pedicels is another outstanding
character of this species.
Senecio toreadoris Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba 1-1.5 met. alta inferne simplex superne parce ramosa. Caulis
striolatus puberulis plus minusve strigosus.
Folia sessilia alterna membranacea. Lamina ovato-acuminata basi
cordata lobulis late rotundatis valde amplectentibus apicem versus
attenuata acuta margine parum revoluta parce repando dentata et cilio-
lata 12 mm. longa 6 cm. lata; supra viridis glabra nitida nervo medio
sig'nato; subtus glabrescens pallido-viridis, nervis pilosulis costa
prominula, nervis secundariis 5 utroque letere tenuiter signatis ascen-
dentibus, reliquis nervulis minus elevatis laxe reticulatis.
Corymbis axillaribus et terminalibus paniculatis ramulis striatis
divaricatis bracteis linearibus subulatis. Pedicelli bracteolati divari-
cati rigidi 1.5-4.5 cm. longi. Capitula erecta vel cernua radiata. In-
volucrum campanulatum 13 bracteis lanceolatis 7-7.5 mm. longis 2-3
mm. latis margine scariosis dorso viridibus glabris apicem versus
tomentulosis ciliolatis. Receptaculum 3.5 mm. diam. marginibus
alveolorum argute dentatis. Flores exteriores feminei ligulatae 13-14,
corolla lutea tubulo 4 mm. long, lamina elliptic oblonga 8 mm. longa
2.5-3 mm. lata 4-5 nerviis apice minute 3-dentata. Flores disci herma-
phroditi numerosi tubulosi, corolla lutea 9 mm. longa tubulo so-infundi-
buliforme 5-dentata, tubulo 3 mm. longo. Kami stigmatici truncati
papilloso-pilosi. Ovarium striatum plus minusve strigosum. Pappus
sordide albus 7.5 mm. longus.
Type: Ecuador, Prov. Azuay. Between Molleturo and Toreador
altitude 2590-3900 meters, Julian A. Steyermark 53021 collect. June
14, 1943 "herb 3-5 feet tall; rays yellow; disk dull yellow."
This species is well characterized by its deeply cordate, amplexi-
caul, stiff and membranaceous leaves, the divaricate branches, long
pedicels and the structure of its heads.
Senecio Pittieri Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba 20-30 cm. alta. Caulis erectis albo-lanato-arachnoideus
foliosus.
Folia membranacea lineari-lanceolata basi angustata et sessilia
apicem versus attenuata acuta 3-5.5 cm. long, x 4-5 mm. lata, margine
minutissime denticulata et revoluta; supra albo tomento-lanato tecta
sed denique glabrescente viridula subtus dense albo lanato-tomentosa.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 35
Inflorescentia terminalis corymbosa saepe simplex vel paniculata
ramulis strictis albo-tomentoso-arachnoideis. Pedicelli plus minusve
curvati tenues 0.5-3 cm. longis. Bracteis anguste linearibus.
Capitula discoidea cernua nutantia. Involucrum hemisphaerico-
campanulatum, 1 serie bracteis interioribus 18-20 lanceolatis 10 mm.
longis 1.5 mm. latis pallidoviridibus glabris. Calyculum plurimis
bracteis imbricatis plus minusve 2-seriatis interioribus involucrum
subaequantibus vel aequantibus exterioribus gradatim minoribus.
Flores omni hermaphroditi corolla lutea glabra tubulo 4 mm. long,
limbo tubulo so-campanulato 4 mm. longo breviter 4 dentato. Antherae
2.5 mm. longae basi minute auriculatae. Rarti stigmatici truncati sed
c audato-penicillati.
Type: Venezuela: Paramo de Timotes, 4000-4200 met. alt., Me'rida,
fl. Jan. 24, 1928. Forming small colonies. Collected A. Pittier 12712.
This species is well defined by its narrow wooly leaves, corymbose
inflorescence with cernuous heads and general white wooly appear-
ance. It is closely related to S. subarachnoideus Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.,
which is barely hairy. Senecio Pittieri really belongs to Culcitium
on account of the numerous 2-3 seriate phyllaries of the calycle, the
inner ones of which are as long as the periclinal ones; thus, the caly-
cle and the involucre are not separated. Furthermore, the stigma is
caudiculate as in Gynoxys.
Senecio latiflorus Weddell var. lacunosus Cuatr., nov. var.
Kami foliosi et floriferi elati. Ramusculi pedunculique longi divari-
cati. Caulis submersus radiciferus longe e-voluti.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Caldas, Cordillera Central, cabeceras del
ri'o Otun; Laguna Roja arriba de Bosque, formacion de paramo inun-
dado, 3600 m. alt. colect. 26-XI-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 23295. "Tallo
horizontal ramoso y sumergido en la base. Raraas erguidas bianco
cinereas. Hojas cinereas. Involucre verde cinereo. Ligulas amarillas.
Flosculos amarillos."
Senecio rabrilacunae Cuatr., nov. hybr.
Herba elata basi stagnanti, ramis erectis 40-50 cm. altis striatis
roseo-cinereis tomentoso-pubescentibus.
Folia herbacea alterna sessilia late lanceolata acuta, 12-22 cm.
longa, 2-3 cm. lata basim versus sine sensu angustata basi auriculatis
amplectantia auriculis obtusis vel rotundatis margine minutissime et
repando denticulata,utrinque virido-cinerea tenue tomento arachnoideo-
pubescenti tecta.
Inflorescentia terminalis corymbosa simplex vel paniculata ramus-
culis pedunculisque roseo-cinereis longis, bracteis foliis simillimis
gradatim minoribus ramulos vel pedunculos subaequantibus.
Capitula hemisphaerica radiata cernua vel nutantia. Involucrum
36 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
20-24 bracteis interioribus 13-14 mm. long., 2-3 mm. latis, acute
lanceolatis viridibus vel viridi-rosaceis arachnoideo pubescentibus.
Calyculum 1-2 seriebus bracteis linearibus involucrales aequilongis
simillimis sed angustioribus. Corollae ligulatae tubulo angusto pubes-
cent! 4 mm. longo, lamina elliptico oblonga extus lilacina intus roseo-
lutescenti 13 mm. longa 3,5 mm. lata apice integra vel 3-denticulata.
Corolla disci tubulosa lutea 9 mm. longa. (-S. latiflorus v. lacunosus
Cuatr. x S. formosus HBK., hybr. nov.)
Type: Colombia, Dep. Caldas. Cordillera Central cabeceras del
no Otun: Laguna Roja (arriba de Bosque), formacion de paramo inun-
dada, 3600 m. alt. 26 nov. 1946 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 23297. "Tallo
sumergido, horizontal, ramoso; ramas erguidas, cinefeo rosadas. Hoja
verdoso cinerea. Peduhculos rosados. Involucre verde o verde rosado.
Ligulas exteriormente lilas, interiormente rosado amarillentas. Flo's-
culos amarillos. <:Hibrido de los anteriores?"
This plant, found in a large community of Senecio latiflorus v.
lacunosus Cuatr., seems to be a hybrid between this species and
S. formosus HBK., as several well developed specimens of the latter
were growing near the mentioned community. S. rubrilacunae shows
many characters intermediate between those of the other two species,
as the shape, margin and tomentum of the leaves, rose color under the
tomentum of the branchlets, stem and involucre; ligules which are
liliaceous outside and yellowish-rosaceous inside. In appearance it
is more similar to S. latiflorus.
SENECIO VERNICOSUS Weddell, Chi. And. I: 94
S. VERNICOSUS var. MICROPHYLLUS Wedd. loc. cit.
Senecio Weddellianus Hieron.
The type of this species is from Tolima, Linden 899, and unques-
tionably belongs to var. microphyllus Wedd. It is completely different
from Cacalia ledifolia, the synonymy of which is established in this
paper.
I concur with Greenman's opinion (An. Mo. Bot. Garden 10: 76,
1923) that Senecio vernicosus f3 major Weddell is distinct from S.
vernicosus, but that it belongs to S. andicola Turcz., as suspected
by Weddell. Therefore, the name S. andicola is appropriately used
for the plants with elliptical and larger leaves and S. vernicosus for
those with narrower, lanceolate or linear leaves.
The following specimens are referred to this species: Linden
899 and Cuatrecasas 9306, 23230, 23234.
Senecio vernicosus Wedd., var. nanus Cuatr., nov. var.
Fruticulus 5-20 cm. alt. Folia imbricata. Capitula congesta. Forma
versus S. gelidum convergens.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central, arenales con-
tiguos al Alfrombrado, base del Volcan Purace', 4000 met. alt. colect.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 37
24-VII-43 J. Cuatrecasas 14707. "Frutex 10-20 cm.; hojas coriaceas,
erguidas, verde claro brillante haz, ceniciento tomentosas enves;
involucre amarillo; puntas de las bracteas interiores parduscas; coro-
las amarillo palidas."
SENECIO AND I COLA Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV II: 91 (1851)
S. vemicosus B major Weddell
The following specimens belong to this species: Linden 1283,
Moritz 1421 (photo), Lehmann 8499, Holmgreen 874 (Ecuador), Steyer-
mark 57500 (Venezuela), Cuatrecasas 5929, 9314, 9314-A, 11821,
14583, 14702, 14702-A.
Senecio andicola Turcz. var. paniculatus Cuatr., nov. var.
Inflorescentia magis evoluto-paniculata quam typus; folia planiora
et magis denticulata.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central: Cabecera del
no Palo, Quebrada del rib Lopez: Las Casitas, 3640-3680 m. alt.,
colect. 3-XII-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 18995. "Arbolito. Hoja coriacea,
flexible, verde brillante haz, blanquecino tomentoso enves."
SENECIO NITIDUS (HBK) DC. Cacalia nitidaHBK.
This species can be definitely separated from S. andicola Turcz.,
especially on the basis of its leaves, which are cordate at the base,
sessile or subsessile and amplexicaul. The branchlets are densely
lanuginous. The leaves are coriaceous, brilliant on the upper side,
and eventually subtriangular as the edges turn up. It is very probable
that the plant used by Kunth for the original description came from
Bogota and not from Ecuador, a record indicated as doubtful. I believe
that two collections from Bogota (Killip 34134 and Apolinar Ma. 420)
agree exactly with the original description and the photo of the type
specimen from the Paris herbarium.
SENECIO LEDIFOLIUS (hBK) DC., Prodr. VI: 421(1837)
Cacalia ledifolia HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. IV: 162 (1820)
Cacalia lanata HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. IV: 162 (1820)
Senecio lanatus DC., Prodr. VI: 422 (1837)
The authors had an erroneous idea about S. ledifolius. By examin-
ing fragments of type material in Chicago Natural History Museum
herbarium and studying photographs of the types, I have been able to
prove that Cacalia ledifolia HBK. and Cacalia lanata HBK., described
by Kunth on the same page, are the same species. As Senecio lanatus
has been used by Linneus for other species, the valid name for the
Colombian plant is the second one in HBK., C. ledifolia. The typical
form has relatively short and wide leaves, which are sessile or sub-
sessile and short inflorescences. It is common in the paramo hills
near Bogota and extends northward through the mountains of Boyaca,
38 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
where it occurs together with forms intermediate between the typical
species and var. Schlimii Wedd.
SENECIO LED1FOLIUS var. SCHLIMI I Wedd., Chi. And. I: 94(1855)
Senecio Schlimii Sch. Bip., Wedd. loc. cit.
Senecio chitaganus Cuatr., Not. a la Fl. de Col. VI: 23 (1944)
While under the impression that C. ledifolia (HBK) belonged to
S. vernicosus (Wedd.) (Greenman, South Am. Senecios II, Ann. Mo.
Bot. Gar. 25: 807) I described this related form from the paramos of
the North Cordillera (Dep. Santander and Norte de Santander) as a
new species (S. chitaganus). Study of additional material proved that
Weddell's idea of considering this plant as a variety of S. ledifolius
(HBK) DC. is correct. The only differences are that var. Schlimii
has more elongated leaves, which are narrower at the base, and larger
inflorescences; the intermediate forms, as stated above, cannot be
regarded as specifically distinct. By analogy Hieronymus' species
S. Lehmannii can be transferred to varietal status under Cacalia ledi-
folia. This plant has narrower leaves and more pilose inflorescences
but intermediates are also known. Consequently, I propose the follow-
ing combination:
Senecio ledifolius (HBK) DC. var. Lehmannii (Hier.) Cuatr. ,nov. comb.
S. Lehmannii Hier., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 19: 66, 1894.
Very different from S. Lindenii Sch. Bip., contrary to Greenman's
opinion (loc. cit.: 807).
The following specimens were examined: of Senecio ledifolius
(HBK) DC.: Herb. Bonpland, fragment type (Chicago N. H. Mus.
972238); Linden 1248, Bogota; Photo type Ch. N. H. Mus. 37871;
Cuatrecasas 2877, 2878, 342, 1322, 5148, 5546, 9761; Killip 34057,
34211, 38005; Hno. Tomas 2376. Intermediary forms: Cuatrecasas
9910, 10268, 10196. Senecio ledifolius var. Schlimii Wedd.: Funck
and Schlim 1291 (Herb. Ch N. H. Mus. 1023092 type collection;
Cuatrecasas 13417 (iso-type of S. chitaganus) 13522A; Cuatr., Schultes
& Smith 12279; Garganta 942, 757, 888, 963, 679, 678, 677; Steyermark
57226 (Venezuela). Senecio ledifolius var. Lehmannii Hier.: Lehmann
7434 (type collection Ch. N. H. Mus.); Cuatr. & Metcalf 30155; Hno
Daniel 1300, 2809; Hno. Tomas 95.
SENECIO LINDENI I Sch. Bip. ex Wedd., Chi. And. I: 101
This species is quite different from Senecio ledifolius (HBK) DC.
under which Greenman listed it as a synonym (An. Mo. Bot. Gar. 25:
807). However, it is related to S. abietinus, the differences of which
I discussed elsewhere (Not. Fl. Colomb. VI: 25). S. elatoides Wedd.,
which I only know by description, is probably the same species.
Senecio otophorus Wedd. var. panduratus Cuatr., nov. var.
Folia rigidiora coriacea saepe integra panduriformia basi late
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 39
amplectantia raro petiolata sed semper auriculato amplexicaulia. In-
volucrum plus minusve pubescens.
Type: Ecuador. Prov. Azuay. Paramos in vicinity of Toreador,
between Molleturo and Quinoas, altitude 3810-3930 met. collect.
J. A. Steyermark 53206 jun. 15, 1943. "Flowers greenish-yellow."
Senecio Mutisii Cuatr., var. congestus Cuatr., nov. var.
1-3 capitula terrninalia pedicellis brevioribus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca, Cordillera Central. Cabecera del
rio Paez, paramos entre Perro Muerto y La Laguna del Paez, 3550-
3450 m.alt.,colect.4-XII-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 19019-B. (Kerb.Facultad
Agronomia del Valle, Colombia).
Senecio Mutisii Cuatr. var. lanceolatus Cuatr., nov. var.
Folia longiora lanceolata, 10 ram. long., 2-3 mm. lat. Capitula
graciliter longe pedicellata (pedicellis 15 mm.longis) terminaliacorym-
bosas (corymbis 4 capitulis) vel solitaria.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Cordillera Central, Cabecera del
rio Paez: paramos de La Laguna del Paez, 3450 met. alt. colect.
4-XII-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 19019-A.
Senecio Badilloi Cuatr., nom. nov.
Senecio laetivirens Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat., t. X,
no. 68: 317, Caracas 1946.
This name is homonym of S. laetevirens Phillip published in 1894
(An. Univ. Chile 88: 30).
SENECIO HYPSOBATES Weddell..
My no. 23443 collected in the paramo of Purace' represents this
species. Penland 916 is intermediate between the species and a
variety collected by me in the Central Cordillera in respect to the
shape of heads and leaves as follows:
Senecio hypsobates Wedd. var. parvulus Cuatr., nov. var.
Folia basilaria breviora et angustiora 2-3.5 cm. longa x 1.5-3 mm.
lata. Scapus gracilis erectus 12'30 cm. longus violaceus. Involucrum
bracteis 2-3 seriatis, 9 mm. longis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Central, Paramo de Las
Vegas, divisoria de las cuencas de los rfos Tulua y Bugalagrande,
3600-3800 m. alt., colect. 22-IIM946 J. Cuatrecasas 20328. "Acaule.
Hoja herbacea, verde o sordido violacea. Escape violeta. Hojas
caulinares mas menos violaceas."
Additional specimen: Colombia, Dep. Cauca, Cordillera Central:
Cabecera del rio Palo, altos paramos entre Quebrada de San Paulino
40 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
y Quebrada del rib Lopez: Lagunilla de Las Casitas, 3700 m. alt.,
colect. 3-XII-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 19008. "Escape violaceo. Hoja
verde con la base y nervios violaceos. Bracteas escapulares viola-
ceas. Bracteas involucrales violetas en 4 filas. Corola amarilla.
Capitulos 14 ram. long., 17-18 mm. diam."
SENECIO GELIDUS Weddell Chi. And. I: 95 (1855).
Senecio crymophillus Weddell 1. cit.
Senecio paramensis Cuatr. pro synon., PL Nov. Colomb. Ser. Alt.
Trab. Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat., no. 29: 37, Madrid, 1935.
Culcitium paramense Cuatr., in id. page 36.
Specimens examined: Cuatrecasas 2883, 9260, 9260-A, 23212.
Senecio gelidus Wedd. fma. latifolius Cuatr., nova
Folia late elliptica vel ovato-elliptica 20 mm. long, x 12-13 mm. lat.
lat.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Caldas. Cordillera Central: Nevado del
Ruiz, arenales de paramo 4300-4500 met. alt., colect. 5-V-1940 J.
Cuatrecasas 9260-B. "Fruticuletum de tallos rastreros y ramas
floriferas erguidas. Corolas amarillas."
THE GENUS CULCITIUM H. ET B.
Humboldt and Bonpland founded this genus for the Andean species
C. rufescens H. et B. and C. canescens H. et B., striking .plants
whose large heads differed greatly from the species of Senecio known
at that time. Later, Weddell on the ba. c is of much more material,
emended the genus, defined as its distinctive character the involucre
with several rows of bracts and limited it to homogamous plants.
Theoretically, species of Senecio have only one apparent row of
bracts which generally is accompanied by a short series of external
basal bracts called calycle. But examination of many Andean plants
belonging to Senecio and Culcitium discloses many intermediate
forms. Prominent development of the calycle in some species of
Senecio accounts for the appearance of several series of bracts simi-
lar in form and shape to those of the involucre. Apparently this seria-
tion of the calycle bracts progresses from cases in which a single
row of unequal bracts is present to cases with two, three or more
series of bracts functioning as a multiseriate involucre. The special
ecological conditions of the Andean paramos are reflected in the
xeromorphic structure to the Senecios living there, and probably
brought about the evolution of the multiseriate involucre. For several
rows of involucral phyllaries express here a psychrophytic (xerophytic)
adaptation which is best developed in these species, the whole struc-
ture of which is highly psychrophytic (rosette or subrosette plants,
extremely thick coat of wooly hairs, as for example, C. canescens
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 41
H. et B., C. rufescens H. et B., C. boyacense Cuatr., C. nivale HBK.
and S. niveo-aureus Cuatr.). The same tendency of changing the
involucre and acquiring a xeromorphic habit is found in the different
sections of Senecio which reach the paramos. Thus, I do not believe
that the many species now referred to Culcitium belong to the same
relationship; rather, they originated independently from several groups
of Senecio (discoidea, radiata, herbacea, suffruticosa, fruticulosa).
Taxonomically it is often difficult to decide whedier a plant be-
longs to Culcitium or Senecio, if the phyllaries of the calycle are
disposed in one or two rows; this character varies even within the
same species and, as a result, many species have been described in
different genera by different authors. For instance, Weddell (Chi.
And. I: 95) described a plant from the Nevado del Tolima as Senecio
gelidus; due to its variability, the same species was also described
by him in the same book and on the same page as S. crymophillus.
I found this plant on the Nevado del Tolima in 1932 and took it at
first for a Senecio, but after careful examination concluded that it
was a Culcitium and described it as C. paramense. Dusen, who also
had studied this plant, interpreted it as a Culcitium and described it
in 1914 as C. Panizzae; at that time it was difficult to identify it
with the species so briefly described by Weddell as Senecios. Subse-
quently, after observing this species and its variations on the paramos
of Ruiz and Santa Isabel (boundary of Tolima) and studying rich mate-
rial and type photographs of Weddell's species, I identified it and its
synonyms. The identity of Dusen's species is based on the opinion
expressed by Dr. Sandwith (Bull. Roy. Bot. Card. Kew: 225, No. 3,
1941), since I had not seen Dusen's publication. Other examples are:
Senecio depressus Hook, et Arn. and S. Gilliesii Hook, et Arn., which
were considered by D. Don as species of Culcitium; Culcitium Poep-
pigii DC., C. humile DC., C. Gayanum Remy, and C. Lechleri Sch. B.
were considered by Weddell as species of Senecio; S. sabulosus DC.,
a plant known to Weddell, and S. p achy pus Greenman in my opinion
should be species of Culcitium; S. hypsobates Wedd. is one of those
many intermediate forms and the rich material I have collected shows
that the calycle is 2-4-seriate in spite of Weddell's sentence "calyculi
bracteis 6-8 uniseriatis linearibus involucre vix brevioribus." Another
intermediate form among the herbaceous species is S. culcitioides
Weddell, which he considers close to Culcitium longifolium Turcz.;
it is probably a synonym of S. summus Cuatr. The existing confusion
between Senecio and Culcitium is evident from the following list of
synonyms. The artificial status of this genus is even more obvious
in the light of the arbitrary decision by Weddell of regarding this
beautiful plant with large yellow ligules as Senecio latiflorus; in
spite of the typical Culcitium involucre, he put this species in Senecio
because it is heterogamous and has the general Senecio habit. Later,
I found other radiate species with 2-3 seriate involucres (S, niveo-
aureus, S. almorzaderonis ) which show the above mentioned tendency
of different species of Senecio living near the paramos, to have pluri-
seriate involucres. Other species of Senecio, quite different from
42 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Andean species, also have a long or multiseriate calycle with a
tendency to form multiseriate involucres (for instance Senecio panicu-
latus Berg., South African, and other species). Another tendency in
the evolution of Senecio species from the neighborhood of the paramos
brings about a reduction in the number of ligulate flowers; Weddell re-
corded the fact that high in the Andes the proportion between discoid
and radiate Senecios is 3 to 1, while in South Africa it is 1 to 2. I
believe this ratio is a result of psychrophytic adaptation.
Therefore, I feel that it is no longer justifiable to maintain this
unnatural genus whose artificial characterization breaks down com-
pletely in the presence of so many intermediate forms. Although
Culdtium has long been recognized, many authors have advocated
its abolishment. Thus, Weddell wrote (Chi. And. I: 89): "Le carac-
tere essentiel du genre Senecio est d'avoir un involucre forme d'un
seul rang de folioles de longueur egale entoure le plus souvent d'un
nombre plus ou moins grand de bractees beaucoup plus petites, et
ordinairement de forme un peu differente auxquelles on est convenu
de donner le nom de calycule. On verra que le genre Culdtium ne
differe des Senecio qu'en ce que les bractees interieures et exter-
ieures, ou si 1'on veut, 1'involucre et le calycule se confondent par
suite de la degradation insensible (et non subite) des bractees ou
folioles qui concourent a les former."; page 137: "mais dans 1'etat
actuel, autant il est aise de distinguer les especes vraiment typiques,
autant on est embarrasse parfois pour classer celles qui nele sont pas;
aussi y en aura-t-il probablement toujours un certain nombre qui voyag-
eront, selon la fantaisie des auteurs, d'un groupe a 1'outre. J'ai dit
(p. 89) en quoi consiste surtout pour moi la distinction des deux gen-
res, mais je ne puis me vanter d'etre reste partout fidele a mon prin-
cipe, temoin le Senecio latiflorus, que je n'ai pas place parmi les
Senecons qu'en raison de ses capitules radies. Toujours est-il qu'il
n'est aucune Senecionee meritant quelque peu, par son habitus et par
ses caracteres, d'occuper une place dans le genere Culdtium, qui
n'appartienne aux hautes regions des Andes, ou bien aux terres magel-
laniques, et c'est la, a mon avis, une puissante raison pour que ce
genre continue d'avoir droit aux menagements des botanistes."; page
126: "il n'y a aucune ligne de demarcation entre le calycule de cette
espece (Senecio latiflorus) et son involucre; aussi en avais-je, par
cette raison, d'abord fait un Culdtium, sous le nom C. radiatum."
Bentham and Hooker (Gen. PI. v. II: 445) state: "Genus, Senecioni
quam maxirae affine, differt involucre; species tamen nonnullae sub-
intermediae ab auctoribus nunc ad Culdtium nunc ad Senecionem
referuntur." Sandwith (Kew Bull. 3: 225) writes: "The involucre of
Mr. H.Tracy's plant shows how poor is the distinction between Senecio
and Culdtium: the fact is that the outer rows of bracts are merely
members of the "calyculus" placed at slightly different levels up the
back of the receptacle, and in this instance they all differ markedly in
breadth from those of the innermost series " According to James
Small (The Origin and Development of the Compositae 1919: 131):
"As is usually the case where an artificial distinction is made, the
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-I 43
two genera Senecio and Culcitium pass into each other by intermediate
species which have been placed sometimes in one genus and some-
times in the other. Indeed a new genus Shafera, has been founded
which differs only in the 3-4 seriate involucre and obtuse style branch-
es, and which is regarded by the author as intermediate between
Senecio and Culcitium." Small also believes that the multiseriate
involucres originated from the calycle the bracts of which cannot be
distinguished from those at the top of the peduncle. With regard to
what he says about Shafera, 1 believe that this genus cannot be con-
sidered as intermediate; the plants really intermediate between Senecio
and Culcitium are many species placed in this genus and many others
referred to Senecio. But Shafera is a very interesting genus with
respect to its morphology and habit. It is very different from all
species of Culcitium, and its affinity must be sought in other sections
of the Senecioneae among arboreous and shrubby forms, and in connec-
tion with Gynoxys.
For these reasons which I expect to illustrate in greater detail in
a later paper, I am proposing the elimination of the genus Culcitium
and the transfer of its species to the genus Senecio L. As I pointed
out above, I believe that these species have different origins; they
can, therefore, be grouped in three separate new sections of the genus
Senecio, as defined below. The following list of new names and new
combinations is the result of the transfer proposed above;
Senecio austrorufescens Cuatr., nom. nov. Senecio rufescens DC.,
Prodr. VI: 413 (1837).
Senecio boyacensis (Cuatr.) Cuatr. nov. comb. Culcitium boyacense
Caldasia I: 5 (1940).
Senecio canescens (H.et B.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium canesceus
H. et B., PI. Aeq. II: 44, t. 67.
Senecio cocuyanus (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium cocuyanum
Cuatr., Caldasia I, no. I: 5 (1940).
Senecio culciklattii Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium peruvianum Klatt
(1894), Naturhof. Hofm. 9: 363 (1894).
Senecio culciremyi Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium Gayanum Remy, in
Gay, Fl. de Chile IV: 130 (1849).
Senecio culcitenellus Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium tenellum Dusen,
Scott Rep. Princenton Univ. Exp. Patag. VIII Supl. 267 (1914)
tab. III. 6.
Senecio dasyphyllus (Gand.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium dasyphyllum
Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. IX: 27 (1913).
Senecio discoloratus Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium discolor Raimondi,
ex. Herrera, Contr. Fl. Dep. Cuzco, ed. 2, part I: 207 (1921)
(Index Ke wens is).
44 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Senecio Don-candidiis Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium candidum D. Don ex
Hook, et Arn., pro synon., Journ. of Bot. Ill: 343 (1841). Senecio
Poeppigii Hook et Arn. (no DC.), in id.: 342.
Senecio ferruginous (Klatt) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium ferrugineum
Klatt, Ann. K. K. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien, 9: 363 (1894).
Senecio Gargantanus (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium Garganta-
num Cuatr., Rev. Acad. Colomb. C.E.F.y Nat. vol. 5: 29, fig. 16
(1942).
Senecio glacialis (Meyen et Walp.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium gla-
ciate Meyen et Walp., Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XIX, Supl. I: 278 (1843).
Senecio Haenkeanus Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium Haenkei Weddell
Chi. And. I: 139 (1855).
Senecio lingulatus (Schlecht.) Cuatr., nov. comb. Culcitium lingulatum
(Schlecht.) Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sc. XXVII: 390 (1937).
Probably synonym of C. ledifolium HBK.
Senecio Neeanus Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium Neaei Sch. Bip., Weddell,
Chi. And. I: 140 (1855). Senecio Neaei Wedd. pro synon., no DC.,
Culcitium nivale HBK.var. Neaei DC., Prodr. IV: 325 (1837).
Senecio neoascendens Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium adscendens Bench.,
PL Hartw.: 205 (1845). Possibly identical with C. hypoleucum
Turcz.
Senecio neodenticulatus Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium denticulatum
Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIV, I: 205 (1851).
Senecio neosessilis Cuatr., nom. nov. Culcitium sessile Speg., Rev.
Agron. La Plata 3: 533 (1897).
Se 
