Contributions to North American ethnology. Vol. I-VII, IX

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20 A DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U. 8. GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION

J. W. POWELL IN CHARGE

CONTRIBUTIONS

BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY

TO

NORTH AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

VOLUME It
AE a i

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1890

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
U. 8. GEOGRAPHICAL AND GHOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION

J. W. POWELL In CHARGE

KLAMATH INDIANS

OF

SOUTHWESTERN OREGON

BY

~
ALBERT SAMUEL GATSCHET

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1890

é

THE KLAMATH INDIANS OF OREGON.

By ALBERT S. GATSOHET.

DICTIONARY OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE.
INTRODUCTION.

The present Dictionary, divided in two parts, contains the lexical por
tion of an Oregonian language never before reduced to writing. In view
of the numerous obstacles and difficulties encountered in the preparation of
such a work, a few hints upon its origin and tendencies will be of service
in directing the studies of those who wish to acquire a more intimate know-
ledge of this energetic and well developed western language.

The Klamath or Maéklaks language is spoken in two dialects, that of
the Klamath Lake Indians, or E-ukshikni, and that of the Modocs. No
obstacle prevented the gathering of the terms of both dialects into one and
the same word-list, because the dialects differ but slightly, though more in
their lexical than in their grammatic forms. The difference is so slight
that the people of both chieftaincies understand each other readily in con-
versing about common subjects, and the few terms of which they fail to
have a mutual understanding are entered below as belonging to only one
of the two divisions of the Maklaks people. Generally speaking, the north-
ern or E-ukshikni dialect has, where differences exist, preserved its words in
a more original, archaic and uncontracted form, while the southern or Modoc
dialect is apt to exhibit contractions and elisions instead, as well as other
phonetic processes which tend to show a more advanced stage of linguistic
decay. This dialect has also incorporated more foreign terms borrowed
from English, Shasti, etc. than the northern dialect.

2 INTRODUCTION TO THE DICTIONARY.

But aside from these minor discrepancies of speech, it would be wrong
to suppose that the language of the Klamath Lake Indians, or that of the
Modoc Indians is entirely homogeneous within itself. Every class or cluster,
band or settlement of Indians has a few terms peculiar to itself, or some
words used in other acceptations than observed among its neighbors; one
band may use a derivative of some radix or base in a certain sense, and
the nearest settlement may use another derivative of the same origin in-
stead, or pronounce it in a different manner. Should, therefore, a traveler
passing through the uplands bordering the lakes of the Klamath River
basin not be able to identify at once some of the words given below,
this would by no means prove that such words do or did not exist in the
language. Besides the terms extracted from the foregoing Texts, there is
perhaps not a single word in this voluminous Dictionary that has not been
repeatedly verified through Indian informants, and what could not stand
this test has been scrupulously eliminated.

Narratives and other texts, correctly worded, yield the most important
con‘ributions to a word-collector, and are in every way preferable to the
gatnering of disconnected terms from an unknown language. I have there-
fore availed myself fully of the lexical treasures stored up in the historic,
ethnologic and poetic specimens obtained from the natives; but, since their
interlinear translation cannot, in the narrow space allotted, give in every
instance the full import of a term or phrase, a thorough understanding of
my Klamath Texts, especially of the songs, implies the unremitting use of
the Dictionary. To illustrate clearly and thoroughly the special functions
of words, passages from the Texts contained in Part First of this work
are adduced as evidence, with their quotation numbers giving the page
and Jine where they occur. Quotation figures separated by commas refer
to the Texts in prose; figures separated by semicolons, to the Poetic Texts.
The Notes explaining portions of the Texts will, in many instances, supple-
ment the definitions of the words as given in the Dictionary.

Before tracing the plan followed in composing this Dictionary, a re-
mark of a more general import may be inserted to illustrate the phonetic
character of the language.

The fact that languages of rude and primitive tribes are built up

PHONETIC SIDE OF INDIAN SPEECH. 3

more regularly and often show a closer observance of logical principles
than those of peoples of ancient civilization has often been pointed out, and,
so far as it relates to the contrast between inflective and agglutinative lan-
guages, can no longer be doubted. Agglutinative tongues are spoken by
most of the savage races, and, as to their morphology, show more regularity
in their inflections, because the affixes are not so much altered and ground
down by phonetic wear and tear as the affixes of inflective languages. - This
is because in the former languages the mental force binding and fusing the
affixes to the root has acted less powerfully than in the latter. The natives
still retain in their minds the original meaning of each verbal or nominal affix,
whereas this remembrance has been long since obliterated among the indi-
viduals speaking inflective tongues; and the regularity of inflections natu-
rally results in the other group from the indiscriminate addition of these
to each root or base of the language. A language rich in grammatic forms
is nsually simple in its syntax.

But in their phonology most agglutinative languages do not show the
regularity observed in their grammatic forms. Physical agencies, hidden as
yet from our mental eye, produce alternations of the sounds pronounced with
the same organ of the vocal tube, which in some of the languages are profuse,
in others less numerous. In most North American languages we notice the
interchangeability of the surd and the sonant explosives, of the sounds of
the labial, lingual, etc. series, of 0 and uw, of d@ and e, and in the language
of the Méklaks the alternation of sounds, of which a table is given below,
plays a very prominent part. When a word is pronounced in six or more
different ways, as in this language, it evidently should not appear so often
in the Dictionary, but on the other hand it would be most unscientific to
apply a preconcerted, uniform phonetic representative to each of these
words. This rule has often been adopted in the notation of other Ameri-
can languages, all terms with initial labial (b, p, m, v, w) having, for
instance, been written either with b or m. I have in the Dictionary pre-
ferred the method of placing at the head of each item that phonetic form of
the word which is most frequently heard, and of subjoining to it the other, or
a few of the other phonetic forms, the order in which they follow suggesting
the order of their frequency.

4 INTRODUCTION TO THE DICTIONARY.

This method is applicable to the preparation of a dictionary; but in
writing texts of the language, every word and sound must be laid down as
it flows from the lips of the native informant, pure and unaltered. In these

languages, every sound of the current speech is, or may be, significant ;

unchanged by imaginary phonetic rules derived from the study of léerary

languages, every word and syllable should be, as it were, photographed
with its peculiar short, long and duplex, clear and obscure vowels, drawl-
ings and stops of the voice, noises and clangs. The law of accentuation, as
observed in the language of the Méklaks, sustains this principle in a singular
manner; for in this western tongue accentuation is much more a syntactic
than a morphologic feature, the position of the accent being very generally
determined by the run of the sentence. There are but a few polysyllabic
words that never shift their accent.

One of the manifold consequences of following fanciful phonetic rules,
often engendered by the desire of using as few types as possible, is the
arbitrary suppression in literary publications of sounds existing in a lan-
euage. Thus the Mohawk dialect of Iroquois is represented to have twelve
or thirteen sounds only, while in reality it has no less than twenty-six.
Indian texts can convey their full meaning only by accurate phonetic
transcription ; and when they pass down to posterity in this shape, as a
true and faithful monument of the tribe who produced them, others may
discover phonetic or other laws of the language which our studies have failed
to reveal to our own understanding.

After the absolute form of the word, the Dictionary gives in the majority
of cases its distributive form, derived from it by what is called distributive
reduplication. When the various phonetic modes of forming the distribu-
tive from the absolute form have been studied attentively in the Grammar,
the absolute form will readily suggest itself when looked for in the Diction-
ary, though in some of the more difficult cases indications are given to help
the reader in his search. Many nomina actoris and other terms occur in the
distributive form alone, or are more frequent in this than in the absolute
form.

The definitions are presented in their etymologic order, which is the

order of their historic evolution. It is true that in many instances the form

uy

PLAN OF THE DICTIONARY. 5

or function of the radix is unknown, and then the meanings are presented in
the order which seemed most plausible. Wherever it could be done, the
radix or base of a derivative is pointed out (except when it is contained in
the item just preceding), and comparisons of an etymologic or synonymic
import are added at the end of the item, to aid further research.

The proper names found in the language, personal and local, were
gathered with special care on account of their linguistic importance, and
inserted into the Dictionary. Those among their number which can no
longer be explained by the existing words of the language are likely to
contain archaic forms, and archaic forms belong to the most valuable ma-
terials of which grammarians can avail themselves. American names given
to Indian men and women were inserted into the Dictionary, but names of
Americans were excluded from it, though mention is made of them in the
Texts.

Animal and plant names are mostly derivatives, and the difficulty ex-
perienced in analyzing them etymologically proves their high antiquity.
A large amount of both were furnished by the informants, though I was
often left in the dark concerning their accurate equivalents in the English
language. Many bird names have an onomatopoetic origin, and many
beasts, especially those pursued by hunters, have several names, varying
according to the color shade of their peltry as altered by the seasons, or
possessed of one real name and various attributes or poetic epithets. Of a
few animals the male bears another name than the female; of a few aliment-
ary plants the eatable portion another than the stalk or tree. I took down
as many characteristics of these nameless waifs of the Klamath fauna and
flora from the Indians as they could recollect, and on returning to Wash-
ington submitted the notes on the animals to H. CO. Yarrow, M. D., and
to Mr. H. W. Henshaw, the well-known ornithologist ; on the plants, to Mr.
Lester Ward, and Dr. George Vasey, botanist of the U. 8. Agricultural
Department, these gentlemen having personally observed these objects
during their extensive travels in the great interior Basin and on the
Western Slope. The scientific names given in the Dictionary rest on
their identification, and where the species could not possibly be identified,
the name of the genus at least was entered in following their suggestions.

6

INTRODUCTION TO THE DICTIONARY.

It is proper to state here that the ancient Modoc country on Lost River

and vicinity has a milder climate than the settlements of the Klamath

Lake people on Upper Klamath Lake, and that on this account the former

country yields somewhat different and more abundant natural products
than the latter.

LIST OF SOUNDS OCCURRING IN THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE.

ive)

as in alarm, wash; German, Mann, hat; French, pas, gras, flanc.

longer sound of a, as in far, father, smart, tart; German, schaden,
lahm, Fahne.

as in law, all, fall, tall, taught.

as in hat, man, fat, ass, slash.

as in blab, bold; German, beben; French, barbe.

as in dread, did; German, das, diirfen; French, de, darder.

as in judge, julep, George, dudgeon.

as in then, swell, met; German, schwebt; French, belle, selle.

as in last syllable of preacher, butler, tippler; German, Biicher ;
French, le, je, me.

as in they, fade, jade, shade; German, stehlen; French, chaire,
maitre.

as in gig, gull; German, gross; French, gros, grand, orgueil.

lingual guttural produced by bending the tip of the tongue back-
ward, resting it against the palate, and when in this position
trying to pronounce g in gag, gamble, again.

as in hag, haul, hoot; German, haben, Hals. Written sometimes ’h
in the midst of words.

as in marine; German, richten; French, ici, patrie.

longer sound of 7, as in bee, glee, reef; German, spiegeln, Stiefel.

as in still, rim, whim, split; German, jfinster, schlimm, Wille; when
long, it is i in German thn, schielen.

as in year, yolk; German, Jahr; French, yeux; not used as a vowel.

as in kick, kernel; German, Kamm, Kork; French, soc, coque, quand ;
Spanish, guedar, quizd.

am

LIST OF SOUNDS. 7

lingual guttural produced like g by bending the tip of the tongue
backward, holding it against the palate, and then trying to
pronounce k, ¢, in kindness, killing, cool, craft. 'The tongue must
be placed more firmly against the fore portion of the palate than
in the g, in order to allow less breath to escape.

the aspirate guttural in lachen, trachten, Rachen, Sache, as pro-
nounced in Southern Germany; not occurring in English,
French, or Italian; Spanish, mujer, dejar; Scotch, loch. It has
nothing in common with the English «.

as in lull, loon, lot; German, Lilie; French, lance.

as in madam, mill, mimic, mum; German, Memme.

as in ramble, gamble, nimble.

as in imp, sample, thumping.

as in num, net, noose; German, nein; French, nuire.

as in under, quandary; German, Stunde; French, lande, offrande.

as in ring, bang, singing; German, singen, hangen.

as in prank, rink, spunk; German, Schwank; French, cinquante.

the lingual guttural k nasalized.

the aspirate guttural 7 nasalized.

as in ant, internal; German, Tinte, Flinte; French, crainte.

short and clear, as in oracle, proxy; German, Molken, rollen;
French, monter, sotte; Spanish, oso.

longer sound of 0, as in note, rope, coast, close; German, Floh,
Boot, roth; French, sauter.

as in bird, burn, surd; German, bléde, Rémer; French, deuil,
cour.

as in pipe, papa; German, Puppe; French, pied.

as in sad, sale, soul, smell; German, Seele, Sichel; French, sauce,
seul.

as in shaft, shingle; German, Schale, schén; French, chercher.

as in trot, tell, tiptop; German, Tafel; French, tour.

as in church, chaff, choke; German, hdtscheln; Italian, cicerene :
Spanish, chaparral, chicha.

as in smooth, truth; German, Fuss; French, loup, poutre, outrage.

8 INTRODUCTION TO THE DICTIONARY.

ii longer sound of wu, as in crude, flume, fool; German, Stuhl, Ruhr,
Blume; French, lourd, sourd.
fi as in full, pull; German, Flucht, Kluft, Russland; Italian, lungo.

ii not in English; German, kiihl, Gefiihl; French, lune, puce.
Vv as in valve, veer, vestige ; German, Wolke, Wasser, weben; French,

vautour, veut.

W the ti before vowels; water, waste, wolf, wish, wayward; in German
it corresponds nearest to short u, not to w; nearly as French
ou in oui, ouate.

% as in zeal, zone, frozen; German, Hase; French, zéle, rose.

The English x is rendered by gs or ks, the German z by ds or ts, all
being compound articulations. The two points on a, 0, u (d, 6, %) are not
signs of divresis; they mark softened vowels.

The pronunciation of the diphthongs may be easily inferred from their
component vowels; it is as follows:

ai as in life, mine, sly, die, dye.

au as in loud, mouse, arouse.

ei a combination of e and 7 resembling the vowel sounds in
the word greyish, united into a diphthong.

yu or iu as in pure, few, union.

ol as in loin, groin, alloy.

wa or ua as in watch, wash; French, oie, loi, roi.

Wi or ui as in squid, win, switch.

All the diphthongs being of an adulterine character, they can generally
be separated into two vowels, and then are hyphenized, as in i-u, 0-i,
d-t, a-t.

GRAPHIC SIGNS.

2 arrested sound: ské2hs, spring time; tchiizka, to swim up stream.

apostrophe marking elision of a vowel, of & or any other sound :
heshudmp’li for heshudmpéli, to recover one’s health.

- hiatus, separating two vowels as belonging to two different

syllables: padla-ash, flowr ; lémé-ish, thunder ; or two consonants:

tsiiils-hii’mi, at salmon-time.

LIST OF ALTERNATING SOUNDS. 9

separates the parts of compound terms: skiks-kia’m, spirit-fish or

letiferous fish.

acute; the only accent used for marking emphasized syllables

vowel pronounced long: mini, large, great; tchileks, meat.

vowel pronounced short, except 6, to which a distinct sound is

given: yumialtka, to return from berry-harvest.

ALTERNATING PROCESSES OBSERVED IN THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE.

i alt.
a alt.
a alt.
al alt.
au —_ alt.
ii alt.
b alt.
d alt.
dsh alt.
e alt.
é alt.
é alt.
o alt.
Be alt.
h alt.
i alt.
I alt.
y alt.
k alt.
k alt
V4 alt.
] alt.
m alt.

mb alt.

(alt. means: “alternates with”.)

b, 0.
ti; e (rare), 0, or elided.

0.
ey GE

0.

a (rare); e.
p:

t; nd.

ds, tch, ts; sh (rare).

4, 1; ai (rare).

e, i, 6, 1; or elided.

i (not often); e-i, a-i, ai.
k; z; seldom h, g, k, ng.

k; 23 g, k (rare).
k; deciduous.
LV Vig: 2

iy, yi; é (not often).

i in diphthongs.

g, 4, k;h; ¢ (rare).
mk, 83 &

k, k, g; g, h (rare).

n (rare and only dialectic).

mp, p (rare).
b (rare).

mp

alt.
alt.
alt.
alt.
alt.
alt.
alt.
alt.
alt.
alt.
alt.
alt.
alt.
; 8; teh (rare); ss.
. d; ut, nd (rare).
. dsh, ts, ds; sh.

p (rare).

1 (rare and only dialectic).
t; d (rare).

@, nk.

k, ng.

7, k, k, nk.

t, nd.

a.

U5 a, 6a.

U; ua; au.

b; mp (rare).
sh; ss, z (rare).

O05 -Vul.

.0; Wu; ua.

3

0, a

.u, Wu.

. u in diphthongs ete.
Willy) Us

alt.

s (rare).

10 INTRODUCTION TO THE DICTIONARY.

The sounds d and t were kept strictly distinct from the palatals dsh
and tch throughout the series of words in which they occur, but words
containing the sounds m and n were left intermingled with those containing
ny and the nasalized explosives mb, mp, nd, ng, nk, nk, nt, of which they
form components.

V occurs only in the combination vu. Words with initial wu- are all
entered under vu-.

See remarks on the diphthongs, Texts, page 12.

Forms included in parenthesis (—) are very unfrequently met with.

The simple sounds susceptible of gemination are as follows: the
vowels a, e, i, 0, u; the consonants g, h, k, 1, m, n, p, s, t.

From the alternating list of sounds and the rules submitted the finding
of a Klamath word in the Dictionary will not, after a few hours of practice,
meet with any difficulties. I subjoin a list of instances, which will prove
useful to beginners, and have italicized the most frequent form of the word
as the one occupying the first or only place in the list of words.

Gé-uni can be pronounced ké-uni, kii’-tini, yii’-uni, gii’-uni, and will be
found under ké-wni.

Nyzilla can be pronounced ki’la, ki’la, killa, killa, nzi’‘la, and will be
found under &i/a, though in this special instance it is difficult to state which
is the pronunciation most frequently resorted to.

The term tamno can be pronounced tam’nu, daméniti, taménti, and
will be found under téméni. Other instances are:

hualtoks, hudltaks, waltaks, wdltoks.

Sd-ad, Sa-at, Sa’t, Shat, Sha’t.

p'li/ntant, p’léntant, p’le‘ntant, plé’ntant.

t-amnash, tyamnash, yamnash.

penddsha, peno’tcha, pend’dsa, pind‘dsa, pint’'tcha, pintitsa.

guka, gukaé, kéka, kéga, kti’ka

udépka, vutépka, wuddépka, udupka, vudipka, witupka.

sawiga, shawiga, sawika, shawika, tchawiga, tcha-uika.

uyésh, t-iesh, wiesh.

téméshka, t’méska, tméshka, témésga, t’méshga.

rihda ete.

kékua, kikua, géhua, gi’kua, 21

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

ichaggaya, tchakaya, tchakai.

kaika, kaé-ika, kaya, hatha, kaihha,

kuhudshedsha, guhudashktcha, guhudsktsa.

et li, guli, gwhli

ntaggal, nd4geal, nddkal, ntikal.

11

ntultchna, nttinshna, nttinsna, tinsna, tildshua ete.

génalla, gendla, genalla, k’nalla.

ABBREVIATIONS.
abbr. abbreviated fem.
adj. adjective fut.
adv. adverb imper.
anim. animate inan.
apoc. apocopated indef.
apher. apheretically intent.
caus. causal inter].
ef. compare interr.
Chin. J. © Chinook Jargon instr.
cond. conditional mode Kl.
con). conjunction
contr. contracted lit.
desid. desiderative loc.
def. definite
dem. demonstrative locat.
der. derivation, derived masc.

from met.
d. distributive form Mod.
dim diminutive
dur. durative nom. pr.
e. g. for example obj.
ete. et cetera obl.
encl. enclitic form onomatop.
excl. exclamation partic.
exh. exhortative mode pass.

feminine

future tense

imperative

inanimate

indefinite

intentional

interjection

interrogative

instrumental case

Klamath Lake or
northern dialect

literally

local, referring to a
locality

locative case

masculine

metathetically

Modoc or southern
dialect

proper noun

objective case

oblique case or cases

onomatopoetic term

participle

passive signification

12

periphr.

pers.
pl.
poss.
postp.
prep.

pres.

pret.
procl.
pron.

q. V-

redupl.

rel.

INTRODUCTION TO THE DICTIONARY.

ABBREVIATIONS—Continued.

periphrastic form

personal

plural

possessive

postposition

preposition

present tense or pre-
sential form

preterit form

proclitie form

pronoun

quod vide; (reference
to another term)

reduplicated form

relative

sq.

sqq.

subj.

subst.

aa4485 444

act.

. Impers.

intr.

med.

. recipr.

refl.

. trans.

and the line follow-
ing

and the lines follow-
ing

subjective case

substantive

verb

active verb

impersonal verb

intransitive verb

medial verb

reciprocal verb

reflective verb

transitive verb.

DICTIONARY OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE.

KLAMATH—ENGLISH.

TaN,

A, when beginning a word, is usually pronounced clear, as in barge, large ;

a

it alternates at times, when in the middle of or at the end of words, with d,
e and other vowels. This vowel is a component of many radical syllables,
as observed in paha, taménu, taktakli, and when serving as a prefix is in-
dicative of one long-shaped article; cf. adshdga, atchiga, 4tpa; before a
nasalized consonant in 4mda, 4nku.

the enclitic particle of the declarative mode of the Klamath verb; it is
appended to every verbal base not ending in another vowel or in -l, -n, as
ktana to sleep; latcha to build a house. It then becomes frequently em-
phasized, especially in such verbs as indicate locomotion, removal, travel
ete.: guka, guka to climb up; médsha, medsha to emigrate; nita, nuta to
set on fire, 89, 2. A occurs also often as a separate word, more frequently
so in the KI]. than in the Mod. dialect, and then is usually placed before
the verb: Titak a latcha Titak is building a house. It is not easily trans-
latable in English, but indicates very frequently custom or habit, as will
be seen by the following instances: Spfi’klish a sha shf’‘ta kud-utch they
construct sweat-lodges from willows, 82, 2; tatataks a hishuaksh tchiména
whenever a husband became a widower, 82, 4; tii’muk a hi’ntsna hungry I
Sly around, 177; 21; pap an a ni sha’shatk; nti a gatpa pii’p I am called
the marten; I, the marten, am coming, 177; 10. Cf. 82, 6, 8. 12.; 84, 1.;
87, 4. 10.; 88, 4. In historic narrative a is almost as frequent; cf. 22,
19. 24, 21. 29, 21. 64, 9. 68, 4. 70, 9. 120, 11. 140, 2. 5. 6.11. (an for
anti); 141, 3.5. When coalescing with other words than verbs, it often
changes into & or 6: Aténen for at a nen, 23, 5.; tankté nat for tankt a
nat; tataténat for tat at a nat, 24, 19.; Aténish, 4téni, 90, 12. 13. and
Note to 138, 6. 7.; or it becomes emphasized: tata for tat 4, tat ha (this
is also interrogative) ; tatatuk; aka, aka, for ak a, ak ha, ak ha; und for

una 4; tidsha, 189; 5.
15

16 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

a? 4? ha? ha? Interrogative particle, often enclitic, inserted into ques-
tions, and mostly appended to them as the concluding word or standing
after the first word. Being a particle of actuality, it refers to the present
tense. Shand-ul’ i impo a? or simply: a4mpu a? do you want water? at
ha pitcha ldloks? ts the fire out? Mod ; Ple‘nkamkshi 4? at Franks house?
140, 4; ké-itak ha i nish Idla? do you not believe me? Mod.; at ha 4
miilua? are you ready? In taté, 41, 5., it is combined with the adverb
tata (tata ha?).

a abbr. from at, now, then, q.v. 22, 2 21. 29, 19. 30, 3. 31, 13. 184; 37.
It is pronounced long.

a abbr. from the pronoun at, ye, q. v., as na is abbr. from nad, nat.

a-ahahtya, arefrain frequently heard in shamanic and popular songs.
Cf. hahi-tya. Occurs also in Iroquois and other Indian songs, and is of
a lugubrious character. 156; 34.

a-ati, d. of ati, q. v.

idak, atak, d. a-ddak salt: A. ita, shewdna to put salt on, to salt. IK]. shal,
shail. Only Modoc; it is the Shasti term Atak, ataz, salt.

adshaga, d. a-adshaga to play the violin, to fiddle.

adshagod’tkish, d. a-adshago’tkish violin, fiddle.

Agawesh, Aka-ush, (1) nom. pr. of an Indian settlement and camping
place on Lower Klamath Lake and on Hot Creek, Cal., which runs into
that lake from the south. (2) nom. pr. of Lower Klamath Lake. The
name is mentioned by Squire KE Steele as Okkéwish in Report of Indian
Affairs 1864, p. 121, but it is given there a too wide signification. Cf.
Aké-uskni.

Agency, agens’, the agency buildings of the Klamath Reservation, Lake
Co., Oregon: 36, 11. 66, 12.14. Laki pén géna agency lildam the chief
went again to the agency in winter, 35, 17.

agenci’ ni, adj., pertaining to the agency: agenci‘nish lakiash hashashudkia
he spoke to the ‘‘agency-officer”, viz. to the agent, 66, 15.

agg a-idsha, d. a-aged-idsha to go and stick up, to raise on a stick or pole, to
suspend on a pole. Speaking of more than one object: iggd-idsha, 119, 12.

age@d-idshna, d. a-aggd-idshna to hang up, to suspend while going.

Speaking of many objects: iggd-idshna, 105, 2.

a?—Aishish. 1L7/

aggdaya, d. a-aggaya (1) to be hung, fixed, or suspended; to be stuck in at
some elevated spot: ladshashtat agg4yank being hung up inside the lodge,
122,10. Refers to one long-shaped article; and as v. trans.: to hang up,
to suspend, as clothing after washing: wakash pi’l sha yémtki 4ggaipksh
they forgot none except the bone-awl which was sticking (in the upper part of
wigwam), 120, 22. (2) to hang up provisions, food etc. in sacks upon trees.
Speaking of many objects: iggdya, d. i-iggd4ya. Cf. ipma’tsa, kshaggdya,
laggaya.

aggédsha, d. a-aggdédsha (1) v. trans. and intr., to turn around im a cir-
cular motion, to describe a circle or segment of a circle. (2) subst.: hand of
a clock- or watch-dial. Cf. kshakidsha, niulgi’dsha.

aggidsha, d. a-aggfdsha to go up while sticking close to; as weasels do
when climbing trees, 168; 37.

aggi’ma, d. a-aggima (1) to go around, encircle; said of inanimate ob-
jects. (2) subst : rim encircling kettle or other vase. Cf. takima.

dha-ash, pl. timia., small species of crows. Onomatop.

af, ai. See hai.

aishi, d. a-i’shi to secrete, to conceal ; to keep secret, to keep as a secret, 122, 20.

Afishiamtch, “Old Aishish”, one of the many mythologic names com-
posed with -amtch, q. v. See also Afshish.

Aishish, Afsis, nom. pr. of Aéshish, in whom some natural powers were
deified in masculine shape by the Maklaks. He is reputed to be the son
of the creator and ruler of the world and mankind, the tricky K’mikamtch:
94, 8. 9., 95, 20 He has five wives, whose names are given 99, 9. 10.:
Tuhash, Stékua, Kli’tish, Wii’ks, Tsi’ka; four of these are the names of
birds, and three among them of water-fowls. He associates with men
(maklaks), gambles with them, 99, 2-8; and rivalizes with them success-
fully when shooting at the mark, as reported in his “‘shashapkéléash” or
myth: 99, 4. 100, 20. To judge of his mythologic character correctly,
it is important to observe that when he kindled his camp-fire the flames
were purple-blue, while those of Silver Fox, K’mikamtch’s companion,
were yellow, and K’mtkamtch’s own fire emitted smoke only, 99, 3. 4.
His father attempts to destroy him by inducing him to climb a pine-tree to

obtain an eagle’s nest: 100, 1 sqq., 94, 8 sqq. Famished and almost dead,
2

18 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

he is finally rescued by two butterflies, 95, 13-22., 101, 7-21. K’mit-
kamtch had seduced one of his wives and attempted to seduce the others;
Afshish therefore revenges himself on him by causing his son to throw
his (K’mukamtch’s) tobacco-pipe into the fire; the death of K’mikamtch
was the immediate consequence of this act: 96, 10-18. When K’mi-
kamtch had returned to life, he attempted to wipe out Afsis and his entire
family by a general conflagration of the country, 96, 19—97, 2. The
Klamath folklore ascribes personal beauty to this deity. Two Aishish-
songs were obtained from a Modoc, 193; 10.11. and Note. Der. afshi.

afshishtehi (1) beautiful, pretty, handsome, lit. “Aishish-like”. This
epithet is sometimes ironically applied to ugly women. (2) subst.:
personal beauty. Der. Afshish, -ptchf.

Aish-=Tkali’ks, nom. pr. of a locality on Upper Sprague River, above
Yaineks, called after a large standing rock. Der. tgaliga; Aish is perhaps
the abbreviated atinsh (tall).

&-iti, aitfni, KI. dialectic or d. form for ati, atini, q. v.

Aitinsh-La4k-Gitko, nom. pr. fem. Kl.“ Long-Haired”.

aitydmna, d a-ityAmna, to grow smaller than; said of plants only: pawash
a kédsha aity4ménash ko'l the pdawash-root grows to less height than ko'l;
148, 7. Der. 4-iti, d. of ati. Cf eftakta.

ayulaléna, o-olaléna to dry by the fire, as berries; 75, 7. Cf. awala.

ak, dka, aké, ka. Particle of suppositive and potential signification when
placed before verbs; to be rendered by perhaps, probably, possibly, 60,
22. 93, 7.105, 8. 141, 6., or by the verb J can, I am able to: 105, 8.: wakak.
The verb connected with it stands either in the declarative mode: nfi ak
hiin shléa I can see him; hin ak sha gé-u k’lépgi kekéwelza they have prob-
ably wasted my red paint, 121, 2 3.; or it stands in the conditional mode:
pi ak shuint he can sing; Ak a nti ké-i péwat I cannot swim; ké-i Akai no
kékant ko’shtat I cannot climb the pine-tree.

-ak, -hak are particles appended enclitically to nouns and pronouns. (1)
appended to substantives or to other nouns used in the capacity of sub-
stantives, ak means: only, but, merely: slayaksak li’yiiga mere smoke arose
from (it), 100, 16. Cf. 99, 4. ndannantak only for three, 142, 15.; hi’kak

the same, lit. ‘‘none other but he”; na’sh waftak on a single day, 56, 7.;

afishishtchi—alkétchik. 19

hissuakstik (for hissuaks ak) the husband only, the husband alone, 83, 1.;
shanks hak sha pén they eat it just raw, 148, 21.; tankak a few, not many ;
péniak nude, undressed ; lapiak two only, 107, 1. (2) appended to substan-
tives, -ak, -Aga, -ka, -ga etc. form dim. nouns: vinak son; mikak babe,
109, 13; taltsidga little arrow, 107, 14. (3) appended to adjectives,
ak often forms a degree of comparison, answering to our comparative:
shkainiak, skainihak stronger, 112, 2. 5. 8. 13.; mutak (for mf’/ni ak)
larger, taller, 109, 13. (4) appended to adjectives and adverbs, it be-
comes an enhancive particle, “much, very, intensely”; tna, early, una‘k
very early, ketchkaniak very small. Suffixed to adverbs, the meaning of
merely, only predominates: tinak simultaneously, mantsag a short while,
tsussak always, piiinak once more, wiggitak at one spot, together, nishtak,
psinak in the same night. (5) appended to verbs or at least to their
verbals, just then, just only: kélpokshtak as soon as heated, 113, 1.;
nékshtak as soon as cooked, stewed, 113, 2. Cf. hak.

akatchga, d. a-akdtchga to break; said of long articles only: a. ma‘tchash
to strike matches. Mod.

Ak&é-uskni, Agaweshkni, Agdweshni (1) belonging to, native of, coming
Srom Hot Creek or Agdwesh, q v. Agaweshni é¢-ush Little, or Lower
Klamath Lake. (2) nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man.

&kua; Ankua, d. a-Akua; ankudnkua to lay across, to superpose crosswise,
transversely. Said of logs and other long-shaped objects, when space is
left between them. Der dnku. Cf. dkuash, kshét’leka, ndkua.

Akuash, d. a-Akuash accumulation of hard material, agglomeration, heap of
débris, land- or snow-slide; 4. ktékuela an avalanche or land-slide rushes
downwards. Mod.

aldhia, dlaya, dlahi, d. a-dlahia, a-Alaya, a‘lahi to show, let see ; to point out,
exhibit; 106, 6. (where kapka is omitted): 4. mish 4nku I show you a tree;
dlahi-uapk am’sh nti dnku J shall show you that tree. Der. laya.

alkétchik, the dentalium-shell or wampum-bead-shell of the Pacific
Coast Indians, serving as an ornament and as a currency on the coast
and in the interior. Name borrowed from the Alikwa tribe on outlet and
lower reaches of Klamath River, Cal., and called by other Indians: kip-
kup, haikwa, by the Maklaks: ttitash, q. v.

20 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Alkuli’na, nom. pr. of a Modoc woman; interpreted by “Bright Eyes”.

Al’pa, nom. pr., corrupted from Applegate; 36, 9.

am, particle expressing potentiality and choice; tchélyat am i ka’dshikuk
ye ought to sit down because ye are tired; f'tch gintak am ni gent I would
like to go. Cf. 4mpka.

Amash, d. 4-amash doll.

imbutka, dmputka, d. a-Amputka, v. impers. fo be thirsty: 4mbutka a
nti’sh, 4mbutkan’s I am thirsty, I want to drink water; partic., 4mbutko
(for ambutkatko) thirsty. Der. Ampu. Cf. lii-a-4mbotkish.

imda, Amita, pl. tttmi a. tool for digging eatable roots and bulbs, 190; 9. 10.
It has the shape of a stick 24’ to 3’ long, is bent or provided with a
handle at one end and sharpened at the other. A straight stick charred
in the fire at one end usually serves the purpose, though recently such tools,
or “‘camass-sticks” have been manufactured of iron and steel. Also called
mey0o tkish. Der. méa, méya.

A4mnadsha, d. a-Amnadsha to speak loud or cry on one’s way, 121, 17.
amnfiamna, d. a-amnfamna to go around speaking, crying, or vociferating
among the people; to scream, weep or cry while walking in public, 189; 1.

impka, Ambka little water. Der dmbu.

A4mpka, dmka (1) conj.: or. This particle is used, when a choice is left
between the things mentioned, and when a strict alternative is put; it
stands for the Latin vel and aut: hi 1d’k shiika 4mka taslatch #f he killed
a grizzly bear or a cougar, 90,19. Cf. 87, 2. and géka. (2) conj.: or else,
unless, lest: ampkaé ak i hishikat dest you may kill each other.

Ampki/nini kéke, nom. pr. of Columbia River. This is only one of
its names, and is more specially intended for that portion running past
the Dalles (Ampyii’ni) and the Cascades to its junction with the Willamet
River, in northwestern Oregon.

Ampkokni, A. maklaks, nom. pr. of the Umpqua Indians; early home
in Umpqua Valley and in the upper portions of Willamet Valley, south
of Eugene City, Oregon. These Indians belong to the 'Tinné race.

Ampzé@ ni, Ampziini, nom. pr. of the Dalles, a series of swift rapids of the
Columbia River, between Oregon and Washington Territory. Of the
Wasco Indians, of the Chinook family, a portion lives there; the locality

Alkulana— ana. 21

was a meeting- and market-place for all the aboriginal tribes of Oregon,
the Columbia River, and the Coast, 93, 8 4. Der. dmpu, -7é'ni.

Ampzinkni, nom pr: Wasco Indian; pl., the tribe of Wasco Indians,
belonging to the Chinook family of Columbia River. A portion of them
still inhabit their old homes at the Dalles (cf. Ampzée’ni), while the ma-
jority have been removed to the Warm Spring Agency on the Lower
Des Chutes River, Oregon; 93, 1-10.

4mptchiksh, abbr. -amptch, -amtch, -amts. Same as Amtchiksh, q. v.

4mpu, Amba, d. 4-ambu water; water of spring, river, lake or sea; drinking
water. Ambu ish tchiktchi! go and get me some water! &. pinua to drink
water, 123, 2.; Ambu-tchipko'tkish water-pitcher ; shnekalpka nti Ambo I an
boiling water; Ampuam lik, see lik; 4mputat mpetlaléna to float down on
the water’s surface ; ké-e a vudimtchna Ambutat the frog swims (or lives) im
the water; Amputala kaydhia to drive off from the water, 42, 20. (explained
under kafha); nfi géna Amputka I went through the water (on my errand),
174; 9.

4mpuala, d. a-Ampuala (1) to be in the water ; to lie in deep water. (2) to
increase, rise; said of water and liquids only.

4mtch, d. 4-amtch, abbr. from Amtchiksh, q. v.

4mtchiksh, abbr. 4mtch, -amtch, d. 4-amtchiksh, abbr. 4-amtch. (1)
belonging to the past, old, ancient, primeval, by-gone: a. katla the country for-
merly inhabited; Amtch tchi’shtat gii’‘mpéle he returned to his former home,
36, 5. Appended, usually in the abbreviated form -amtch, to all mythic
beings mentioned in Klamath Lake and Modoe folklore: K’mukém-
tehiksh, or K’mtkamtch “the Old Man of the Ancients”, Aishiamtch
“Qld Aishish”, Likamtch or Shdshapamtch ‘Old She-Grizzly”, Tché-
wamtch ‘Old Antelope”, Skélamtch and a host of others. (2) old fashioned,
out of use now; worn out; used up, good for nothing: amptchiksh kafliu-sku-
tash worn out rabbit-skin garment, 126, 12. and Note; shaplamtch old seed-
paddle. (3) ugly, unseemly, hideous, unattractive; unsightly through age:
tchilluyamtch old bachelor; shiwamptch old maid, 185; 40. Occurs also
in some personal names: Kiltiamtch “Fighting Bully”, Kfukamtch, “Old
Conjurer” etc.; -amtch is here applied contemptuously. Der. amtch, gfsh.

dna, d. 4-ana to carry away, to take off with or without permission, as food,
provisions etc.; to help oneself to. Cf. éna.

22 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DIOTIONARY.

dniga, dnika to order or advise somebody to take (provisions) away with or
without permission: 75,9. nti fwam 4. Dibash TI told you to go to David for
berries ; Anika shash pdla-ash Dibash I tell them to go where David has his
flour ; dnshat Anika shash fwam I advise them: ‘ye may go there for berries,”
75, 8. Causative of dna; cf. dnsha.

4nku, d. a-Anku (1) tree, shrub: tuftchysam a. wild cherry-tree; i’pYsam 4.
apple-tree. Anku is usually omitted in names of trees and shrubs, the
possessive case in -am standing instead of a subjective case: kifluam ju-
niper-tree; kpti‘kam gooseberry bush. (2) forest, bush, shrubbery, woodland:
ankuam tchikass, 4nkuti tchikass the bird of the forest. (3) wood; piece of
wood. Cf. 120, 18.19. (A) stick, 122, 3. club, block, log, limb of tree, 118,
11. 120, 4., splinter, 126, 4.: 4.-litchash log-house; téwa a. they drive a stick
into the ground 80, 8.; atini a. a long pole.

Ankua, see Akua and ndkua.

4nkuala, d. a-Ankuala to cut sticks, tree-limbs, trees, 89,1. Der. Anku.

Ansha, dntcha, d. 4-ansha to start out for taking or carrying away for one-
self, as provisions, 75, 8. Der. dna; cf. éna, anulfpka.

antléya. The song-line where this word occurs, 185; 46., is said to mean:
‘you have a large penis”. Not Klamath.

antitlipka, d. a-antlipka to take away without asking for ; to abstract, filch.
Cf. ana, Ansha.

anulf{pkuish object formerly abstracted from others. Cf. Note to 121, 3.

at; apoc. a (pronounced long), at the time being: now, presently, from this
moment ; then, at that period, epoch, time; after. This particle refers to the
time actually mentioned in the context. (1) now, presently, at this time: at
gii'‘tak! that all! that’s the end of it (ef. gétak)! 89, 7.; at nti kléwi TL quit,
I have enough of it now; at Atpa, the time is up; at ndpal haspédpke now
the egg is hatched, Mod.; at hii mifi‘lua? are you ready? ti’m at ngii’-isha
many are wounded already, 22, 9.; attink at up, above there now, 100, 9.;
tcha at now, presently, 87, 14.; at! Mod datui! enough! tchitchiks a hi't
gi! stop that matter now! 96,15. (2) then, at that time, or epoch. When
used in this signification, at generally refers to the past, not to the future :
tankt at suddenly, at once, 23, 11.; at mdklaks hemkanktampka the In-
dians then began to discuss; at ni ho’tsnan at then I ran towards (them),

Aniga—ati’. 23

22, 10.; at vushé E-ukski’shash then they were afraid of the Lake Indians,
28, 12.; At toks hik Afshish shttisha but now Aishish became emaciated,
95,13. In historic and other narratives, at serves to introduce new
events changing the situation, to mark antitheses and contrasts, or to
quote the words spoken by a new speaker; cf. 100, 1-17. 101, 2. 6. 7.
19-21. (3) after, afterward, hereupon, finally ; stands either in the incident,
or in the principal clause (apodosis), or in both: tchuti at hereupon, 23, 4.
12. 24, 11. 95, 4.; tstii i’pka ma/nts, at wii’mpéle he lay sick for a long time,
and finally recovered, 101, 21.; k’li’wi at after this they quit, 89, 7. ef. 90, 19.;
klékuish at just after his death, 65, 8.; at gatpa at shlo’kla when they had
arrived, they shot at the mark, 100, 20. When at stands in the incident
clause, the verb connected with it can usually be rendered by our pluper-
fect tense: ti’ géna Méatuash k’liwisham at away went the Pit River In-
dians, after shooting had come to an end, 20, 5. Cf. 74, 6. 7. 95, 4. 122, 14.
Cf. at a, Atu, Atui, dtutu.

at a just now, just then, presently: at asha i wékash hiwi-uapk at this time
they will transport home the wékash-seed, 74, 14.; Aténen presently, as they
say, 23, 5.; at ana lsh ht’ktakag pinii’dsha now “she” has caught up with
us, Ll, 22. Cf 121,6: 10.

at, apoc. 4; obj. ma’/lash, ma‘Ish, Mod. mal; poss. mélam: you, ye, personal
pron. of second person plural: at shtina’shtat gatpdntak! come (ye) to the
house! tat at géna? where do ye go? ka-i a samtchatka ye do not wnder-
stand, 34, 11.; ef. 20, 14.15. 118, 10-12. 120, 10-13. In the imperative,
at is suffixed to the verbal basis: tchélyat! sit down! from tchélya; shla’t
ish! shoot ye at me! from shlin. I, ik thou often stands instead of at; see i.

Atak, Atay, see Adak.

Aténen just now, as they say; at connected with nen by the declarative
particle a (6), 23, 5. Cf. at a; aténi 138, 6. 7. and Note.

Ati, ati, ati’, d. d-ati, 4-iti, adj. (1) far, distant, remote: ati katla into a far-
off land, for ati kaflatala, 44, 7. 9. (2) high, tall, large; deep (of rivers,
water): Ati A4nku a large tree; tchélash na’sh pétch ati the stalk is one
foot high, 147, 20. (3) long: ati la/ldam a long winter, 105, 9. Abbr. of
atini, but differing somewhat in signification from it.

ati’, Ati, d. 4-ati, adv. (1) distantly, remotely, afar: ati tcheléwa to ripple the

24 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

water far and wide, 162; 6.; A-ati kél4-ush éhu the sand is deep here; &-ati
Ampti e-éwa the water (of this pond) is deep; tQ’ vansh a. géna the boat sails
Sar out from the shore; a. hi’nk kaki’hha they missed their aim by a wide
distance, 31, 10; tfi’nep pée’tch a. gintégatk going into the ground five feet
deep, 87, 8.; tutaks ati far away, 141, 12.; a. kédsha high it grew, 95, 3. 4.;
a. fdshna to bring from a long distance, 85,17. (2) by far, much, a great
deal: ati’ na‘Ish winizitko a great deal stronger than we are, 112, 1.

atini, d. a-atfni, a-itini long, long-stretching, long and tall, high, lofty: a.
kf-intch libellula; a. tti't long tooth, tusk; a. Anku, a long stick, pole; a.
kshi’n a tall grass, 149, 4.; ati’nsh lak gitk wearing the hair long, 23, 8.
90, 6. Cf. ati.

atikni, d. a-atikni (1) coming from afar, 87, 10. (2) stranger, foreigner,
alien. Der. Ati.

Atpa, d.a-dtpa (1) to carry away or to fetch for oneself; to go for something,
to bring or carry home. (2) to take somebody along with. (3) to wear, as cloth-
ing. (4) v. intr., fo pass by, to be gone: at Atpa the time is up. Refers usually
to one long-shaped object; when many of them are spoken of: ftpa, q. v.

Atti just now, presently, at the present moment: Atu hatakt gi now is the time ;
dtu lulalkshé’mi gi it 2s time to go to bed. Mod. Der. at, hii.

Atu high up, above, up there, 100, 7.: tink at up there now, for atu hink
at, 100, 9. Contr. from dti-u (for hi).

Atui now, just now, presently Often found in imperative locutions: Atui
génat! let us go! Atui pitchat! let us eat now! Mod. tui shla’t! or simply
Atui! shoot off! fire! Atui ti, same as Atutu. Mod. for atiu KI.

Attittii, adédi presently, just now, already; emphatic form of Atu, dtui: a.
pi'ztgi the morn is dawning already, 182; 5: a. huggidsha now I am getting
betier, 175; 18.

atchiga, atchika, d. a-atchiga (1) to twist, to wring out, as cloth. (2) to
detract, to slander, to misrepresent, to tell lies about.

A-ushme, A-usmi, nom. pr. of A-ushmi, an island situated in Upper Kla-
math Lake, off Modoc Point, and about two miles from the east shore,
142, 11. No other trees grow on it but juniper-trees. K’mikamtch
created it from a game-stick thrown by him into the lake, as the myth
relates. Cf. Uzdétuash.

atini—i’ plésh. 25

awiala, awa/la, awo’'la, d. a-ii-dla to bake or roast provisions by burying
them about one foot deep in the ground and then burning a pile of wood
on their top: 74, 9. Cf. ayulaldna.

awadlésh, pl. timi a, thigh of a quadruped’s hind leg, beefs foot: lasham a.
quill, feather-quill. Cf. wakaluish.

awaléga, d. a-awaldéga little island. Contr. from awaltaga. Der. awaluash.

Awalokdksaksi, nom. pr. of a camping-place on Williamson River;
lit. “Little Island-there”. Der. awaldga.

Awalékat, nom. pr. of a locality on Sprague River; lit. “at Little
Island”.

4waluash, d. a-Awaluash island: Awalues skéna they row over to the
Island (in Klamath Marsh) 74, 14.

Awaluashyé ni, nom. pr. of a camping-place on Klamath Marsh; “at
the Island”; probably the one mentioned 74, 14.

A.

Interchangeable throughout with e; in a few cases with a. For words

not found here look under E.

ii/-alya, d. i-ii’-alya to give names; to read, d. of élya, q. v-

4k&1H’k&la to be long and slim, as foxes and some kinds of dogs, 154; 7.

Ammiiri, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake woman called White Cynthia.
The name is taken from the Shasti’ language and means, according to
her own statement, ‘‘ Neatly-Dressed”.

i/mpéle, ii’na, iinfya, see émpéle, éna, enfa.

i-oho, i-dho, interj.; a war-cry of the Maklaks, shouted alternatingly
with f-uhu, 194; 8. This war-cry was often heard from the Modoes
during the lava-bed fights in 1873.

i-ohda, d. ii-ohohda to emit the d'-oho-cry, to shout a war-whoop. Some
Indians call this: “to ery like goats”. Cf. i-uhtia.

i-oho=-t’tchna, d. ii-oho-udtchna, -oho-huhatchna to run while hallooing
d'-oho; to halloo t-uhuhu while running, 23, 15. Der. ii’-oho, hidshna

i/pl&sh, a’puls, pl. timi &., apple: #/puls-hashuash orchard ; ii’p’Ilsam dnku,
or: 4’p’lsam apple-tree. From the English.

26 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

A’shlin, nom. pr. of the town of Ashland, Jackson County, Oregon; about
one hundred miles from Fort Klamath.

A-uksi, A’-uks, see E-uksi.

A-ukskni, A-ukshkni. Same as E-ukshikni, q. v.

i/-una to fill oneself with food. Der. éwa. Cf. ewisi.

i-undla to deplete oneself, defecate; to discharge fecal matter 144, 5.

i-ushéltkala, v. intr. to turn into a large pond, lake, or sea; to be changed
into a lake: sti’ya ii’-usheltkal nénukash kiifla the pitch was changed into a

lake all over the earth, 96, 22. Der. é-ush.

B.

B, as initial and medial sound, alternates with p, and does not occur at
the end of words. Words not found here to be looked for under P.
bimbam, (d. babambam) drum. Onomatop. term; cf. Uinta-Uta: timbui-

mbamban: ‘‘iron-kettle”.

bahalka, see pahalka.

Ba’ntcho, nom. pr. of a Modoc warrior, who died as a state prisoner at
the fortress of Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, Cal., in 1875 Cf.
44, 7. He received the above name, as alleged, by being compared
with Sancho Panza on account of his exterior.

béla, bélat, see pi’la.

Ben, nom. pr. of a subchief or headman of Klamath Lake Indians settled
at Yaneks; 58, 5. Abbr. from Benjamin.

bi, pl. ttimi bi bee; bi’sam wax beeswax. From the English.

Bin, nom. pr. of a Modoe man living on Upper Sprague River, 190; 19.

Black Jim, nom. pr. of a Modoc warrior; he codperated in the assassi-
nation of the Peace Commissioners, and was executed on that account
Oct. 4, 1873; cf. 44, 6. and Notes to 37, 12. 42, 1.

Bogus Charley, nom pr. of a young Modoe warrior, 40, 12-22. and
Note. He is called so because his father lived on Bogus Creek, Cal.
For some time he was a chief of the Modoes in the Indian Territory,
where he was exiled with the other Modoc captives.

Béshtin, pl. tami B. (1) American, inhabitant or citizen of the United
States of America: B. lak{ American agent, Indian agent of the federal gov-

BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY

1891
ennilin= Dayo ila. SP RARY.

ernment, 35, 9.12. 14. 36, 2. 11.; na’sh na’‘ds B. tfi'la an American was
with us, 19, 7.; Oreginkni B. the American settlers in Oregon, 40, 17., ef.
36, 18. 21.; B. kiiila the United States, or: the city of Boston; Béshtinash
tila on the American side, 28, 13. (title); Béshtinam-shitko tm American
style, 87, 3. (2) white man or woman; white people, 35, 7.: B. yalank like
white people, 59, 20.; Béshtinash shitélank after creating the white people,
103, 3.5. Term adopted from Chin. J.; the first American traders in
furs and other articles having come in ships to the Pacific Coast and
Columbia River from Boston, Mass.

Boshtin4dga (1) half-American by descent, one of the parents being of the
white race. (2) nom. pr. masc. Mod., of Boston Charley: “ Little Ameri-
can”, 44, 7.

Béstin Charley Boston Charley, nom. pr. of a Modoe warrior, also
called Boshtinéga, q. v. He participated in the assassination of the Peace
Commissioners by mortally wounding Dr. Thomas, 42, 10.; and was
hanged with three of his accomplices on Oct. 3, 1873. Cf. 44, 5-8.

béx bow, coffin, 87, 3.: béxtka i’sha they bury in a coffin, 87, 1. From Eng.

bund’ kish, pund‘kish, d. pupand‘kish drink, beverage, potion. Der. binua.

buinua, pina, d. bibanua, pi’pantia (1) fo drink: nanuk b. to drink out;
timéni b. to drink often; watch a ptinua the horse is drinking; bi’nuapka
tchi’kéle i’wam they will drink the red juice of berries, 75, 7.; htt a
pwnuashtka Ambu he wants to drink water. (2) to be a drinker. Cf. pdpo-i.

buntdsha, d. pupantdsha to go and drink, to start out after drinking: képe
bunti‘tchatko going to drink coffee, 186; 56.

buinuish, d. bubdénuish, pupdénuish drinker, drunkard: kétcha b. teppler.

bunud’tkish, d. pupanuod’tkish bottle. Mod. for wékoksh K1.

1S):

In the few words in which d is heard as initial sound, it is interchange-
able with ¢ It does not occur but exceptionally at the end of K1. words,
but when final or medial it also alternates with # The palatal dsh is not
found as an initial sound in genuine KI. words, being replaced there by
the surd palatal tch.

Dave Hill, nom. pr. of the subchief and interpreter at the Klamath

28 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

agency, 58, 1. His Indian names are Lildatkish, Wawdliksh (from Wa-
walfgish), Wawidliksh-Skaftatko, q. v. Ddavish lakf tapftan the chief rank-
ing just after Dave, 58, 2. In the texts obtained from him he gave lively
sketchings of the feats of war performed by him against the Pit River
and Snake Indians, pp. 19-31. Cf. Introduction, pp. 6, 7.

Doctor John, the American or “Boston” name of the conjurer Kékash,
tried and imprisoned for manslaughter, q. v.

Do’tchmal, pl. timi D., German, German settler; corruption of the
popular term “Dutchman”. Some German settlers near the reservation
have married Indian women.

Dshiép, Dshép, nom. pr. masc., Jefferson; from the English.
E.

This vowel occurs as initial, medial, and final sound of words. Short e
alternates with d, sometimes with 7. Long e (@) originated from, and there-
fore alternates with, 2, e-i, a-i, ai. Ii and the vowel i represent a prefix in-
dicative of a plurality of long-shaped objects in words like élya, éna, épka,
etlé’ xi.

é, 6-6, é-é yes, yea; see I, i-1.

édsha, d. é-adsha, ¢-edsha, v. trans., to suck, to extract by suction. Said of
milk and blood only; object not always added to the verb

édshash, d. éedshash (1) milk: & ptnua to drink milk; cf. ndépa. (2) fe-
male breast, mamma, teats, udder: édsham lawalash nipple. (3) butter, cheese.

éhu; same as éwa, q. v.

éika, efya, d. é-ika to advance the head; to put the head out: efya Miash

the South Wind put his head out of his lodge, 111, 9.
eikana, afkana, d. e-i‘/kana (1) to put, stick the head out. (2) to nod, as

lizards do, 155; 19. and Note.
eflaka, d. e-flaka to lay the head down upon, as upon a table, pillow ete.
ef{takta, d. e-ftakta to hide the head under something.
eitaktntila, d. e-itaktnila fo stick out the head from under, as from a den

or cavity, 156; 36. Der. eftakta.
élhuish, d. e-dlhuish backbone, vertebral column; back of quadrupeds. Der.
flhi, ilfa.

Boccor soln —enta 29

élktcha, d. e-élktcha to leave while going, to leave behind; long-shaped
articles only, as hair, thread, ropes, poles.

élya, élka, flya, d. é-alza, i’-alya, i-Alya (1) to lower, let down, to prostrate,
to deposit, said of long-shaped articles: ni’ himpoks e. J am lowering a log ;
ktchalyishtat, mAhieshtat flya he exposed them to the sunheat, he put them in
the shade, 103, 3. 4.; to lay down, put down on the ground: léloksgish mi élk!
lay down your gun! 37, 6. 9.; ef. 34, 14.; (kshi’n) l4pash i/lyat! make ye two
stacks (of this hay)! 75, 13. (2) to deposit in the ground ; to keep, preserve
in cachés or other places of safety, as food, provisions, seeds etc., 146, 10.
148, 10. (3) to bury, to inter, said of dead bodies 87,11. (4) to give
name, to call by name, to name, to call—the term shéshash name, to be sup-
plied to the verb; 142, 3-12: ¢-alza, ii/alza to give a name to each object,
142, 1.; to read, lit. ‘to give a name to each word”: see ii’-alya. (5) to state
the price, to price, to value: tim haf i nen é. you charge too much for tt, viz:
“you call it too high”; mfiié., ti’ma i ¢. you sell dear, too dear ; kétcha nti
é I sell at low figures, cheap Of. fli, flks, shéalya—Except in No. 4
and 5, KI. prefers ila to élza, ii’lya.

e’ mpéli, a/mpéle to bring, carry, lead, convey back; to convey home: kiuksas
i/mpéle tchi’shtal they brought the (dead) conjurer to his wigwam, 69, 3.;
cf. 96, 7. 119, 13. Der. éna, -pélf. ;

émtchna, d.e-Amtchna fo carry; said of an infant tied to its board. Der. éna.

éna, a’/na, d. é-ena (1) to carry, bring, transport, mainly used of bulky,
heavy objects transported by horses: 111, 1. 2.; ndnuk nat éna! all of us
help in carrying (wokash-seed)! 75, 2.; ngii’-isapksh &nok ndanna because
we carried (with us) three wounded men, 24, 7.; watchatka énank bringing
(them) out on a horse or on horses, 87, 6. (2) to take along with, remove,
make go; said of persons: lapksapt wéwanuish ana nat htink we took with
us the seven women, 31, 6.; cf. 31, 15. 134,12. (3) to carry by mail; K1—
Speaking of many objects: idsha, idshna, q. v., are used, though more
in Mod. than in Kl. Cf. Ana, Ansha

é’ ni, d. @-éni spirit-land, abode of the deceased: é-eni ni witka I blew out
from me in the abode of the deceased, 174; 11.

enfa, d. e-enfa to carry to somebody ; to bring or transport in somebody's inter-
est: pash iinfyuk in order to bring him victuals, 66, 8. Der. ena.

30 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

épat, d. @’pat, iipat (1) species of tall grass found in the Klamath High-
lands. (2) ornament made of it; portions of its stalk are braided around
buckskin strings and appended to the dress.

épka, ii’pka, d. @’pka to fetch, to bring, to bring along; said of persons and
objects of long shape. Mish n@ ii’pkolatkik (for &’pkolatki gi) I told you
to bring from there (said of women), 107, 10.; ef. ibid. 4. 8. 11.; tsfalsh
kawi tchish épkuapk (sa) they would bring home salmon and lamprey-eels,
93, 5.; wikansh, atinsh 4nku ish épki! bring me a short, a long stick! KK.
for dtpa, itpa Mod.

étéshua, ét’shua, d. e-dtshua to sneeze.

etl@ xi, d. itlé’yi. Cf. kshétléka.

etchmit’na, d. i-atchmt’/na purple salmon, 3-4 feet long, coming up the
Klamath River into the Lake Region in the latter part of November.
Shasti term adopted by Modocs; unknown to Klamath Lakes.

é-ukik broken, rotten canoe or dug-out; wreck of a canoe, leaking canoe:
é-ukik pi‘la dwank nothing but a leaking, water-filled canoe, 182; 8 Cf.
f-ukak.

E-ukshi, A’-uksi, A’/-uks (1) nom pr. loc. of the whole district including
the eastern shore of Upper Klamath Lake from Nilaks and Modoe Point to
Kohashti, a few miles up the Williamson and Sprague rivers, the agency,
Fort Klamath, and the country up to aid along Klamath Marsh. — Lit. “in
the Lake country”. A’-uksi na‘dsant shitlgishtat on one and the same reser-
vation on the Upper Klamath Lake, 58, 9.; K-ukshitala to Upper Klamath
Lake country, 34, 2. Cf. 58, 4. 147, 18. (2) nom. pr. loc. of Klamath
Marsh, an extensive swampy and marshy tract, with sheets of open
water, in northern part of the reservation. Williamson River (Kéke)
takes its origin in it; the Marsh is visited annually by the Lake People
for gathering wékash-seed, berries, and for hunting, and its shores were
formerly inhabited throughout the year. E-uksi (for E-uksitala) gén-
uapka they will repair to Klamath Marsh, 74, 6.; wakdptch E. né‘pka
how Klamath Marsh appears, looks, 192; 4. The Marsh is mentioned
16,17. 20, 17. 24, 12. 28, 1., referring to a time when the wigwams of
the Klamath People were still surrounding it. 'The name for the Upper
Klamath Lake country is distinguished by these Indians from that of

épat—E-ushtat. 31

Klamath Marsh by a very slight difference in the pronunciation of
K-ukshi, which I was unable to represent. Der. é-ush.

E-ukshikni, E-ukskni, E-ushkni, A’-ukskni, A’-ushkni, nom. pr, (2)
adj., belonging to the Klamath Lake tribe: 1. wéwanuish the Lake females,
28, 1. 80, 1-7.; E. maklaks, 131, 1. 13.; E. tenuyd-ash a maiden from
Upper Klamath Lake, 190; 21. (2) subst., the tribal name of the Kla-
math Lake People in its phonetic variations. It includes only the Méklaks
living on the banks of Williamson River and the shores of Upper Kla-
math Lake, not those inhabiting Sprague River Valley (P’laikni), nor the
Modoes (Méatokni) or Snake Indians (Sha’t), both of whom are P’lafkni
also. The regular form of the name is K-ukshikni, 13, 1. 2. 79, 1. 103, 3.
fi-ukskni, A’-ukskni, the form most frequently heard among the Klamath
Lakes, occurs 16, 3. 9. 20, 2. 9. 28, 8. 12. 35, 5-21. 36, 1-3 E-ukskni
na‘d tchi tehfa we Lake Indians live in this way, 58, 1.; A’ukskni is
found 18, 2.; E-ushkni, 16, 1.18, 8. Der. E-ukshi No. 1.

K-ukshiwash (1) adj. coming, hailing from Klamath Marsh 190; 13.
(2) subst., «nhabitant of the shores and surroundings of Klamath Marsh.
Der. E-ukshi No. 2.

K-ukalkshi, nom pr. of a locality on Wood River, between Fort Kla-
math and the agency buildings. A myth relates, that the ancient, mor-
tuary sweat-lodge there was built by K’mikamtch and given by him to
the Indians at the Lake, 142, 12.

E-ukalksini kéke, nom. pr. of Wood River, a rivulet flowing west of
Fort Klamath and entering Upper Klamath Lake near Kohashti, almost at
the same spot as Crooked River: timsna tt‘sh twitit Kéhashti shutandank.

E-tihéseltko, nom. pr. masc., K1.; the man lives at Yaneks.

é-ush, éus, ii/-tish, d. e-¢-ush (1) lake, stagnant water; fresh-water lake,
122, 13. 148, 1. 167; 34.: Agawéshni ¢. Little Klamath Lake; ¢é-us, mean-
ing Warner Lake, 2%, 7-9.; &é. tehiwad the lake is brimful of water, 122,
12.; é-usam 4mbu, ¢-ushti Ambu the water or waters of the lake; mini é.
sea, ocean, 127, 14.; simply é-ush in 103, 5. Conjurer’s songs, in which
lakes are mentioned: 162; 6. 164; 1. 165; 15. 167; 34. 179; 4. (2) E-ush,
nom. pr. of Upper Klamath Lake; cf. ¥-ukshi, K-ushtat, 144, 6. 10.

E-ushtat, (1) nom. pr. of the location of the Old Agency buildings at

32 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Kohéshti, northeast corner of Upper Klamath Lake, three miles from
Yad-aga, 78, 13. (2) ‘at the Lake”, 90, 2. The main settlement of the
Indians on Lower Williamson River is meant, and E-ushtat stands for
E-ukshi No.1 It may be used for sites on any other lake also, as on
Tule Lake, Clear Lake ete.

éwa, fwa, ¢hua, chu, d. e-éwa, e-chu, (1) v. intr, to be contained within, to
Jill, to fill up: Ewank full of water, 182; 8 (2) v. intr. to be stagnant ; to be
deep: uytiga hatokt éwa it is not deep here; A-ati stipén kélé-ush ¢hua
the sand lies deep; ka-i 4-ati kél4-ush ¢hu the sand is not deep. (3) v. intr.,
to be frozen, ice-covered: kdéke a éwa the river is frozen over. Cf wen. (4)
v. impers., to be satiated, replenished, satisfied: Ad an tti'm pan ew4 nish, pinua
ewa nish I have eaten, drunken enough; dténish ewA shui’sh I” had songs
enough, I am tired of songs, 90, 12. Cf. i’/-una. (5) v. trans., to place, put
upon, empty upon (mainly in use with collective nouns): tchipash éwa
palatka they put the (ground-up) tchipash-seed upon a matted dish, 149, 9.

éwaga, d. e-cwaga pond, spring of water, lagoon, small lake or body of water,
82, 10. Dim. é-ush.

ewisi, i-ui’shi, d. e-ewisi to digest. Cf. ii’-una, a-undla.

G.

Words with initial guttural not found under G to be sought under K
or K. On initial gutturals representing abbreviated prefixes, ef. introduc-
tory words to letter K. Some verbs in ga-, ge- are used only when more
than one subject or object is spoken of.
ga, gd; ga-ag; see ka; gdhak.
gd-asht, gd-ash, ké-asht thus, so, in this manner, 1038, 12.; gd-ash, 103,

¥.; g. hémkanka thus he said; so she said. Cf. nd-asht.
gadaktish, d. gaggddaktish quilt for beds or wagons.
gdhak, ga-ag, kd4-ag long time hence; many years ago (indicates a more

remote past than ma’ntch in K1.), 65, 11.; gd-ag, 94, 1.: shitlka na‘Ish
ké-ag he brought us together long ago, 28, 13. Der. kad, hak.
gdhipa, ga-ipa, d. gagei’pa to catch air with a grunt after weeping or crying.
gaikdanka, d. gaigaikdénka to go around sobbing, whining, 190; 18 Cf. gahipa.
gaikanka, d. gaggifkanka, 182; 11. See ka-ikanka.

éwa— gaki/ma. | 33

gayaha, kdya-a, d. gaggidha, v. intr., (1) to run away from. (2) to hide,
to conceal, secrete oneself: gayd-a nia’‘ts (for ndlash) they hid themselves on
seeing us, 31, 11.; naénka gaggidha pend’dsasam some secreted themselves
before the pursuers, 17, 14. Said of many subjects only; ef. hiyaha, fha.

gay a-idsha, d. gaggid-idsha to pass or advance before, in front of somebody :
nats (for na’lash) gay4-itsampk shi’ldshash huk the soldiers had already
advanced in front of us, unseen by us, 29, 17. Der. gayaya.

gayaya, d. gaggidya (1) to go in front of, to pass ahead of. (2) to goin
Front scouting or spying; to be on the lookout. (3) to head off, surround, cut
off from retreat, as enemies, wild horses ete.

gayatgéla, d. gaggiatgdla (1) to retire from, to get away from. (2) to lack,
to miss ; to ip deprived of.

gayte, d. gaggi-ue, v. trans., to scatter about, to daneee Refers to many
objects only. Cf. skiyui, uldyue.

gaka, gaké, gika, d. of géna, q. v.

gaka-fpka, contr. from gakaydpka; see gakdya.

gakaya, d. gagakdya to go, to enter into woods, bushes, recesses, marshes, or
other hiding places: gakéyapguk Méatuash i-0'ta the Pit River men disap-
peared in the woods and shot (at us), 21, 15.; wash padshayamat gakaydpkan
kii‘kin the coyote went into the manzanita-thicket and disappeared, 128, 5. Mod.;
also contr. into gaka-fpka.—Said of many subjects in K]. Cf. hukéya.

gakayO’la, gakayi’la, d. gag’kaytila to come out from woods, bushes, or
recesses: &ténen gakéydluapka as they say, they will leave now their position
in the bush, 23, 5. Speaking of one only, hukayd’la. Cf. skuyokay6'la.

gakatpna, 131, 7., d. of gatpna, q. v.

gaké’ mi, d. gag’ké’mi, v. intr., to make a turn, to turn around, to describe a
turn, or bend: sti’ szii’tigshtant g. gii’kshtantal the road turns to the left. K1.

gakiamna, d. gag’kidmna (1) to approach close to, to go near, to go around.
(2) to encircle, surround, as an enemy: tsi gdkiamna lAtchas then they sur-
rounded (our) lodges, 16, 17.; to form a circle around, 87, 12. Cf. 16, 4. 21,
14. 42,19. This verb stands without object in 37, 4. Cf. i-ukakiémna.

gaki’ma, d. gag’ki’ma, v. intr., to move around, to move in a circle, to en-
circle: g. s4-atchtk they performed a circular dance around the scalp-pole,
16,11. Cf. aggima, gaké’mi, takima.

3

34 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

gaktehui, d. gagiktechui to go into cliffs or rocks, woods or inaccessible
places: ndnuk hiik Sa’t gdktsui wali’shtat all the Snake Indians retired into
rock-clifs, 30, 7.—Said of many subjects only.

gakua, kikua, d. gagdkua (1) to cross, to cross over ; said of waters, rivers,
lakes ete.: kékaitat gagakua to cross rivers, Mod.; to cross a brook or river
on a foot-log, bridge, or ferry: tatzélampani gigettk(o) having crossed the
river halfways, 123, 2. (2) to approach, come over, go over towards: Limé-ish
gakua shle’dshuk the Thunders went over (to Ske'l’s couch) to look (after
his) Ards...

gakala, kakala, d gag’kéla to walk or go around, to go or march in a round,
circular line: kiifla ni gakdla I run in circles over the ground, 174; 10.

gakidsha, d. gaggagi’dsha; same as kaki’dsha, q_v.

galala, d. gaggélala to go around in the camp, settlement.

galalina, d. gakalalina to walk around the water’s edge, to follow the shore-
line: kt’'tagsh stti‘kapksh galalindéta while (the Crane) walked around the
waters gigging minnow-fish, 122, 6.

edilampaga, d. gakAélampaga to follow in a file, to form a file in marching
behind: tapi’ g. to follow in a file after, 85, 5.

galdshawia, d. gaggaldshawia to come close to, to approach in a friendly
or hostile intention: li’ nat wAk galdsawid-a! we do not know in which man-
ner to approach! 22, 2.; wikatant galtchawiank when approaching close to,
121, 3.; ef. géldsha-uyank, 131, 8. Der. gdldshui.

edldshui, d. gaggdldshui (1) to approach, to meet, to come close to some-
body in a friendly or hostile intention, 139, 10.: tapi‘tankni @. Tchfkash
Jrom behind he approached Tchika, 96, 2.; Shashapamtch g. Tehéwash Old
Grizzly went to meet Old Antelope, 119, 3.; galdshtyank approaching 96, 6.
(2) to rejoin, unite to somebody: Aishishash hin g. unite yourself to Aishish,
193; 11.; ha’nkésh hat nt galdshui-uapka J will attach, unite myself to him.

gama, ka’ma, d. gagga’ma to grind, to crush, to pound, to mash fine ; said of
seeds, dried fish ete.: 147, 16. 148, 10

gAma-=pala-ash flowr-mill, grist-mill; lit. “orind-flour”.

gdméni, d. gagdm’ni (1) to wind around; to dodge (a missile). (2) to climb
up by going around (a tree, log, mountain ete.).

gamkish, gamkish, d gagdamkish mortar, made of stone or any other

gdktchui—ei't. BY)

material: skitka gAma ga’mkishtat they pound in a mortar by means of a
pestle, 147, 16. Der. gama.

gamnikish, d. gaggamnikish stairs, staircase, flight of stairs: i hink
bubanuish yilokudla gamnigishtat you kicked that drunkard down stairs.
Der. gaméni.

gamo’tkish, d. gaggamo’tkish grinding, crushing or mashing apparatus,
mill; grist-mill, coffee-mill ete. Der gima.

gankanka, d gagankanka to hunt game, 107, 6.: vii’'n g. (or viindldsha)
to hunt elks ; pazo'les, tchii’-u g. to hunt the mule-deer, antelope, 74, 18

gankankish, d. gagankankish hanter, huntsman: ninka gakankénkish
shishila some of the hunters became sick, 128, 7.

gdnkanktka, d. gagdnkanktka to return from the chase; to come home from
game-hunting, 111, 21.

gankanktcha, d gaggankaénktcha to hunt while going about, to be on a
hunting trip, 144, 7.
gdnodsha, d. gaggdnodsha to go hunting on the water, lake ete.; to be on
a duck- or geese-hunt.

gdanta, d gaganta to approach on the sly, to aoe up to, to sneak or move slowly
towards ; said of men and animals, 110, 8. 12.

gAnta-pdpalish, d gagénta-pdpalish sey

gantila, gandila, d. gagandi'la to creep up to; to observe secretly, 185; 40.

ga-éléka; see ga-ulya

gapnedaga, d. gagapnedga young louse, young headlouse. Cf. kiitash.

gaptdédga, d gagaptdéga to join, rejoin, 37, 18. Cf. kaptcha.

gaptcha, gaptche; see kaptcha.

gapt, gapo, gapt'tko etc.; see kapo ete.

gashaktchna, gasdktsina, d. gakshéktchna (1) fo follow, to march be-
hind; used, for instance, of mourners following a corpse to the burying-
ground, 87, 7.17. (2) to pursue; to follow or hunt in pursuit, 28, T.

gashtish doorflap; door. Shorter form of kaishtish, q. v.

eat, kat, pl. timi g sage-brush: Artemisia tridentata, a shrub of spongy
growth attaining a height of 3-6 feet and covering extensive arid regions
in Western North America The plant furnishes an excellent fuel and the
stems are used by Indians as the turning part of the aboriginal fire-drill.

36 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

or

5

ataml’ya, d. gagtaml’ya to go, travel around, 154; 15.

gati’tana, d. gakati’tana, gaggatitana to walk around a house, lodge or other

8 fo}

Is

structure on its outside. Cf. luyéna. °

ritka, gatya,d gaktya to reach, attain, arrive, come to.

itkapsha, d. gagdtkapsha to reach while walking or traveling in the dis-
tance, or unseen by others: gatyapshank kékétat reaching the river’s bank,
122, 18. 20. Contr. from gdtkapktcha; same suffix as in géluipktcha.

eitkta, d. gaggdtkta to enter, go into, invade: pikshtat g. to enter into

a canon or deep valley; gti'shuash ké-idshi shki’ksh g. wicked spirits,
“devils”, went into the hogs, 128, 1.

sitpa, d. gagdtpa to arrive; to come, go, proceed towards; refers to arrivals

not seen by the one speaking or to movements of distant animate beings:
g. tumi’ maklaks many Indians arrived (in our country), 16, 16. 28, 12.;
nat sash g. we reached them, 29, 20.; shuldshamkshi g. he came to the camp,
40, 13.; ef. 109, 8. 122, 16.; g. maklaks ktakli’sh men arrive clad in armor,
88, 7; g. ktfi’tpnuk pa‘sh he came to bring him food, 66, 7.; hi’dshatoks
atikni g., watchatka g. but those who come from a distance, come there on
horseback, 87, 10.; ni a g. pii’p I the marten am coming, 177; 10.; at gat-
pisht vila after her arrival they asked her, 41, 1.; gétpa mfi’ns (or: mfi’n)
comes out a large object, 68, 5. Cf. 28, 3. 29, 3.127, 10. Cf. gépka.

ev Aitpamna, d. gagdtpamna to come around; to come near, 128, 6.; to arrive

in the vicinity of, to come to the lodge, lodges or camp: gdtpamnan ndnuk
ktchinksh papdlla they came to the (Modoc) camp and stole all their rails,
35, 15.; gdtpamnan kiiflatat arriving on the ground, 85, 2.; Yamatkni gat-
pam’ndéka on account of the arrival of the Northerners in our land, 192; 1.;
tud gatpamnéka for what object he had come where they were, 34, 1.

e&tpampéli, d. gagdtpampéli to return to one’s own home, to come back

home; used in the sense of g4tpna, sometimes with the addition of tchi’sh-
tat ‘‘to the lodge”, 95, 9. 100, 11.: sa g latsastat they returned to their wig-
wams, 101, 1., but much more frequently without these locatives: lupi’
g. to be the first in returning home, 20, 14.; shfishotankishimgshi gatpdm-
pélan having returned to the Peace Commissioners (where she dwelt at that
time), 40, 6.; K¢é-utchiamtch g. Old Wolf came home, 112, 15.; gatpampé-
lissa they came home, 101, 8. Cf. 20, 16. 17. 82, 12. 105, 18. 110, 20.
Der. gatpna, -péli; cf. gépgapéle, gémpéle.

gatiml’ya—ga-t’lya. 37

gatpd4nkshka, d gagatpd4nkska to come near reaching, to arrive almost up
to: gatp4nkshkshi (for gatp4nkshkash-i) hf’nk wats after he had almost
reached the horse, 30, 5. Der. g4tpna, -kshka.

gatpantla d. gatgatp’nila to come and leave again; to arrive and depart,
105, 14. Der. gatpna, -ii’la.

gatpéndéta, d. gagatp’néta to arrive, to come near with somebody or some-
thing: m’na tnakam gatpéndtash having come there with his son, 66, 14.

gdtpna, gatpéna, d. gagdtp’na to arrive; to come, go, proceed towards ; used
in the same manner as gétpa, but with the idea of contemporaneous oc-
currence, one or several acts being performed during or just after the
arrivals or comings: gatpanank tchélya he arrived and sat down, 96, 12.;
gdtpnank i’tya shash when he reached there he took from them, 109, 4.; kaé-
yak tchi’sh gétpénunk not having reached his home yet, 131, 6.; tila
tchish huk gdkatpantk those who had arrived in his company, 131, 7.;
hatokt gatpantk going there, 140,6 Cf. 66, 15. 71, 3. and: ha gatp4mpka
(met. for gatp’napka) he has arrived (far out there). Der. gatpa.

gatchesh, d. gaktchesh thicket, shrubbery, woods, underbrush, forest: ga-
tchéshtka géna to go through the woods. Cf. gdktchui.

gatchétko, d. gaktchétko (1) wooded, overgrown with bushes. (2) tract
or land overgrown with shrubbery, scrubs, scrub-thickets, bushes.

ga-tla, ga-d'la, d. gaki’la, v. intr., to ascend, to go or move upwards.

ga-tlakpka, d. gaggtlakpka, kakédlakpka to ascend, mount repeatedly, to
climb up by repeated attempts: yainatala kakélakpka we again climbed up the
hill-ridge, 29, 8. Frequentative of ga-ulza, q. v.

g4-ulapka, d. gaggi’lapka, kakélapka (1) to ascend, mount, climb in the
distance or unseen by others; as a hill, eminence, roof of house ete. (2)
g., or ga-ulépka, v. impers., when referring to the course of the sun: if és
noon, midday, lit.: the sun has ascended. Mod. for shewatya KI.

ga-ulapgapéle, d. gaggilapkdpéle (1) to climb up again, or a second
time; to reclimb. (2) to climb the outside ladder of one’s own winter-lodge
or mud-house, usually without the indirect object luldamaldkshtat, 112,
3.6.9 11.17. Der. ga-ulapka, -pélf.

ga-t’lya, gi-uléka, d. gagga-tlza to climb up, to ascend, to scale: yaina
g. to climb an eminenee; ti’ ati g. we climbed high hills, 30, 7.; nanuk ga-

38 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

dléka all went up hill, 29, 21.; gd-uwlakuapk shkiiyui shash he sent them
to ascend in the air, 101, 11. Der. ga-tla. Cf. gékuéla, kinualza.

ga-uld’la, d gageuld’la (1) to descend, to go down hill or down stairs ; lit.
to cease to ascend; Kl. and Mod. (2) when said of the sun or day-time:
“it is mid-afternoon” Mod. for tinoléla Kl. Der. ga-tla, -6'la.

ga-uli/lkish, d. gagguli’Ikish outside ladder of an Indian winter-lodge ;
the inside ladder being called waékish: ga-ultIkishtala shnatkual they fast-
ened it to, or against the outside ladder, 120,19 Der ga-uldla.

gdawal, gawala, d. gdkual, gageuala to find, to fall in with, to discover
accidentally, 24, 13.: shthankptchak an @ ko’sh I have discovered, I found
by chance a similar tree

gawaliii ga, d. gakualiii’ga (1) to begin coming up (2) to mount, ascend,
go up hill, 29, 15. 16.—Said of many subjects; ef. huwaliéga.

gawalpéli, d. gakualpéli to find, find out again; to recover, to rediscover,
110, 21.; partic.: g4walpalank, 110, 22.

gdwi a black bird not specified Its incantation, 163; 10.

gawina, d. gakufna, gaggui’na to join, rejoin; to meet again, to meet a
second time, 23, 12.; to meet for surrendering, 44, 2. and Note to 43, 22.

gii’-ish, KI. for ngé-ish, q. v.

givika, gi’tak, gi’/lyalga; see géka, gétak, oélyalka.

gii’tsa, gii’dsha, gii’dsa; see kitcha

ee, gég, gégsha; see ké, ke’k, ke’ksha.

ge’hlapka to ascend, mount, step upon by using hands; g. watchat to mount on
horseback by a grip of the hands; g. shnivlashtat he helped himself over the
rim of the nest and climbed into it, 95, 5. Der. gelapka.

ge @hlaptchapka, 66, 13. See gelaptcha.

géka, geka, giivka, d. gékga, ke’kga to go out of, to leave, to set out from the
place, spot or dwelling habitually occupied: shtina’sh nai g¢ékish shand-uli
I want to leave the house, Mod.; stmat g. tchikéle the blood rises to the throat,
83, 5.; ké’kga mbt’shan kt’métat next morning they left the rock-cave, 43,
3. When g. refers to dwellings, it is used by or in reference to those who
stay inside: géka A4mpka, gtlf dmpka! get out or come in! geka shtina’sh!
go out of the house! Mod. Cf. 82, 9. 113, 21.

gekampéli (1) to leave, to go out again: g. pash the food passes through the
body, is ejected. (2) to return by going through or out, 87, 13. Der. gékna.

ga-uld’ la—gelidanka. 39

gekdnkish, d. gegakankish aperture for going out, outlet, passage-way :
kittiam g cat-hole, Mod. Der. gékna. Cf. gutékuish

eékansha, d. gegikansha to go out of, to loave; refers to the leaving of
one’s own dwelling in: 105, 2. 112, 3.10. Der. gékna.

gékanshna, d. gegikanshna to go out or start out of at the time being ; re-
fers to one’s own lodge in: 112, 5. For gekanshéni/nk see Note to 112, 9.

gékna, gi/kna, d. gegdkna (1) to set out from; to march, proceed, start from
the place or spot habitually occupied: giikén a na’t! le¢ us march (against
them)! 17, 9.; gékantgi tpii’wa he told him to leave (the lodge), 113, 21.;
tchi/kéli e¢ékanuapka the blood will come up (to the throat), 83, 5.; gekua-
napka met. for gekné-uapka, 17, 9.; géknan, gegdknat stina’sh! get out of
the house! Mod.; géknat! ye go out! K1., both said by those who remain
within. (2) to come out of (a place occupied): géknank shli‘lashtat coming
out of the reed-whistle, 123, 5.; géknan heméze coming out he said, 37, 5.

gekno’la, d. gegakno'la to set out to a distance, to walk or travel far off,
141,9 Der. gékna.

eé@’ kshta, ké’kshta, adv., on this part or side; correl. ge’kshta..... oe k-
shta on this side..... on the opposite side, 88, 9. 10.; ge’kshtantala in
yonder direction. Abbr. from gé’kshtana. Der. ke’k.

gekudnapka; 17, 9. See gékna.

eékuéla, gi’kuéla, d. gegtkuéla to descend, go down hill; also: yaina g-

gelipka, d. geklapka (1) to step on, tread upon: g. tcht’kshtat he stepped
upon the leg, 123, 1. (2) to ascend, mount: g. watchat (or simply gelapka)
to mount on a horse. (3) to ride on horseback.

gelapkapéle, d geklapkapéle (1) to tread upon again. (2) to reascend:
e. witchat to mount again on horseback. (3) to ride back, to ride homeward:
nat ei/lapgapéle shtilshampéli-udpkuk we rode back to report again, 29, 17.
Der. gelapka, -péli.

gelaipteha, d. geklaptcha to mount a horse while abroad, on a trip or jour-
ney: watch hatokt g@hlaptchapka there he mounted on horseback by a grip
of hands (~h-), while unseen by others, 66, 13. and Note. Cf. gelapka.

gélash, 186; 58.; see kiiflash.

gelidanka, d. geglidanka (1) to meet somebody at the home or stopping
place of that person. (2) to meet as friends, to bid welcome. Cf. hushtanka.

40 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

gelid4nktsa, kélitinktcha, d. geglidanktsa (1) to go to meet somebody at
his or her home. (2) to go to meet in the distance, or away from home:
géledinktsuk Ydmakisas in order to bid welcome to the Warm Spring In-
dians, 17,1. This passage refers to a march of about 30 miles made
by the Klamath Lake Indians to receive their friends.

gelkaya, apoce. gélkai, d. geggalkya to erect a platform on a scaffold.

- gélya, kélya, d. geggdlya, (1) v. intr., to come down, to drop; to fall acci-
dentally, to happen to fall, 80, 3.: lalakiak (tit) takani’lyuk gélya, hf/nkant
a nash wi-uka kshe’sh when the upper (two teeth) fall right side up, they
win one game-check on this account, 80, 4. (2) v. impers. it is the habit of,
it is customary with: kélya a n’sh fi‘nak gé-u pdtkalsh I am in the habit of
rising early; partic. gélyatko used to, accustomed to. |

gélyalgi, d. gegedlyalgi to reach the ground when climbing down, 112, 11.:
giilyalgipka to have descended a hill in the direction towards somebody, 29, 18.
Der. gélya. Cf. lupiak.

gélyalka, d. gegalyalka to proceed further after going down hill; to march
on after a descent. Der. gélya.

gelo'la, d. geklo'la to dismount from horse, wagon, or other conveyance, 20,
13. 29, 12.: watch g. to dismount from horse; nad geld’la pa-uk we dis-
mounted for eating, 19, 7.; gelo‘lank for geld‘lan gi they dismounted, 19, 10.

géluantcha, kéluandsa, d. kekdluandsha to go, march or pass around
(lakes, rivers, prairies etc.): nat é-ushtat géluandsa we marched around a
lake, 29, 7.

gelufpka, d. gekluipka to be at home after having returned; to arrive home.

geluipkapéle, d. gékluipkapéle to have returned home again, 85, 13.

géluipktcha, d. géggaluipktcha to visit, to make a call, to go to see; 111,
12.; géluiptcha is incorrect, though often used. Der. gelufpka.

gémpéle, gi’mpéli, d. gegdmpéle to return, to come back; to go or come
home ; the generic term for returning, coming home, but mostly referring
to places distant from the person speaking, 28, 10.: maklikshimkshi
gimpélé he returned to the (Modoc) camp, 40, 22.; gi’mpétle lAdsashtat
he returns to his lodge, 83, 3.; cf. 36, 4. 5.; gi’mpéle Sa’t the Snake Indians
returned (to their camp), 28, 6.; gémpélin retreating, 37, 22.; g. an I come
back, 176; 7. Der. géna, -péli.

gelidanktsa—géna. 41

gémpka, d. gegdmpka to go to, to proceed to: tat’ né g.? where did she go
to (after leaving her home)? 105, 4. Contr. from génapka.

gémptchi, gémtchi, adj., shaped, formed in this mode; like this or these:
constituted alike, looking alike: gémtchi tsélas so looks the stalk, 147, 5.; gén
géntch (for gémtcha) in this manner, 95, 20.; nai a gémptcha pshe-utiwa-
shash gi’tki gi: gfi’ggamtchishash! I vote, that men be created such, as to
grow old! 103, 11.12. Cf. 103, 8. and himtchi. Der. gén, -ptchi.

gén, gen, in compounds: gen- and gin-, gin-: pron. dem., this, this here,
referring to objects- in close proximity, like Latin hoc, hocce. (1) It
generally applies to inanimate and abstract things, as in: g. kiiila the
country before you, 34, 5.; g. mbfi’shant this morning, 140, 6.; g. waitash
this day, 87, 15.; génta (for géntat) into this (basket), 95, 18.; géntka pata
this summer ; génu this thing right before me. It refers to a dead person in
64,2. Géntala in this direction, over there, 182; 11.; gén géntch in this
manner, 95, 20. (2) Refers to persons and animate beings in a few in-
stances only: to the person last named in the context, 94, 3. 113, 20.
114, 2.; génu o-dlka this little gray pigeon here, 182; 4.; gén said of a
male, 100, 19.; of a female, 107, 9.

gén, gin, encl. gen, gin, local adv., here, right here, here before you, at this
spot here, 121, 15.: yéna nfi gen géna here I go, or went down hill; gin
wawilkan sitting down here on ground, 34, 13.; gin at those places, 37, 17.;
ei (for gin) here, 75, 2.; wak i gén gitk? what are you doing here? 101, 14.;
tina gi’n, tinagin long ago; gén ndnuk kaluat all over the sky up there, 96,
20. Combined with a in gina: gind tchaly’! sit here! K1.; gina tchélzé,
gépke! come here and sit close to me (for gin 4 tchélzi, gépk’ i)!

géna, d. gika (1) to go away, to depart, to leave, to set out, to travel: tsui g.
killikankank and he went speeding off, 30, 4.; g. an ati, gémpéle an I go far
away, and then return, 176; 7.; g. mi at huki’sh! now your life has departed!
87,15. Cf 121,17. 19. Refers to long travels, 36, 14. 93, 2-10.; ef.
111, 4. 8.: keké-uya ge’shtka gitiga he tried to reach, to enter into, 55, 11.;
gémpktch -(for genapkash) who has gone, who went, 140, 9. (2) to go, to
walk, to march, to proceed; generic term for all modes of going and mov-
ing from place to place: watch g. the horse marches, 85, 5.; hi kai at g.
he is going now, Mod.; shi-amoks hddaktna gendga when some relative

42 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

passes this spot, 85, 15.; gé’ntko kiiflatat walking on the earth, 125, 1.;
pipkash walta gé-u a gé-ish lumber-boards are rattling while I walk on them,
178; 7. Cf 165; 13.14 and Note to 164; 4—Speaking of more than
one subject, géna has almost entirely superseded the d. form gdka.

gendala, genalla, d. geknila, (1) v. intr.: to start off, to set out, to leave:
klipa nti gendlla I the mink I am starting (on my errand), 174; 12. (2)
v. trans.: to approach to, to touch, 184; 36. Der. géna.

genali, g’nali, d. g’nag’nali after-birth, placental matter. Der. géna.

génana, d. geknina to go uninterruptedly, to travel without stoppage: nat a
génanuapk! let us travel right along! 75,1. Der. géna.

génasha, d géknasha to follow pell-mell, not in file. Cf. gdlampaga.

géntch, 95, 20.; same as gémptchi, q. V.

S

génu for gén ti, gén hi; see gén.

genuadla, geno'la, d. geknii'la to be gone, to depart and be away: get gend'la
that way he has started off, 189; 2.; g@'t a genti'la in this direction she has
left, 105, 4.; ké-idshi witch g. a wicked steed has disappeared, 184; 35.;
genti'l a hik una they have gone, they left long ago, 121, 12; at genii/la now
he is gone. Der. géna.—Same word as ginuala, but differently pronounced.

génuish, génhuish tread, march. In the Incantations, pp. 164-178, g.
can often be translated by these terms; but being the verbal preterit of
géna, other renderings are also admissible: ktItam at hik génuish TI the
otter have passed here, 177; 9.; kimtilagam ¢é-u génhuish I the black snake
have started off, 165; 8. Cf. 166; 24. 169; 55. 176; 4. 177; 18. and Note
to 164; 4.; also, @é-ish, under géna

genttta to go or walk all the time; to go at the time being, 111, 8. Der. géna.

gepgapéle, d. gegapgipéle (1) to come back, to return; refers to the spot
where the speaker is or the object just spoken of: tt’/kni g. from there they
returned (to the place where we sat), 29, 14.; léwitchta sha gepgdpélish
they did not want to return, or: they tarried, loitered on their return trip. Cf.
20, 5. (2) to return home, 20, 7. 24, 12. 141, 11. 144, 8.; to withdraw for
home, 16, 9. Der. gépka, -péli. Cf. gdtpampéli.

gépka, gépke, d. gegdpka to come to, to proceed towards the one speaking

or the object just spoken of, 28, 2. 4. 95, 14.: shf/Idshish g¢épka! soldiers

are coming! 42, 16.; i laki @épki! chief! come out of your lodge! 37, 4.;

gena4la—gé-upka. 45
gépk’i! come here! at gépkat! at gegApkat! come ye! come ye all! i gép-
kuapk lakiamksi you must come to the chief’s lodge, 60, 7.; ageney gépksht
shash after they had arrived at the agency (the relator being there), 66, 12.;
tchékél’ a g. the blood comes up (to the throat), 84, 1.

@ét, gii’'t, ki’t (vowel long) (1) pron., so great, so large; the Latin tantus:
Titak ge’t hai t’shin Titak has grown so tall, to that size; gét pi tchua so thick
or so large is the wapatu-root, 149, 12. (2) pron, so much, that much, so many
as that; the Latin tot, tantum: gii’t i n’s ski’ktanuapk so much you have to
pay me, 60,10. (3) adv. loc., so far as that; this way out, out there: ge't a
gentla through there she went away, 105, 4., ef. 189; 2.; gii’t out there, 140,
7. 141, 3.; gi’tant, see e¢tant; gétzéni at this end (of a log, for instance).

gétak, gi’tak, adv., just so far, not further than that; most frequently con-
nected with at: at gii‘tak KL, corresponding to kanktak Mod. (1) just this
thing, 39,9: hin g this one only, 97,1. (2) enough of it, sufficiently: at
gii’tak no more, now it is enough; frequently involving the idea of surfeit,
of tediousness, or of being tired: at g. ni sdyuakta that’s all I know of it,
17, 18.; at g. that’s the end, 89, 7.; gi'tak finally, 16, 12. Cf. 62,6. (8)
g. and at g. are used as verbs, though not inflected, in the sense of: to quit,
stop, cease: at kétak he quits, 183, 10.; gii’tak pala-ash ktetégi! do not cut
any more bread! tsui nat at gii’‘tak then we ceased fighting (supply: shené-
tanka), 24, 3. Compare herewith: at gii’tak Sdtas shliid we found no longer
any Snake Indians, 31, 12.; at sa gii‘tak sdkla they became tired of gambling
and quit it, 101, 2. Der. gét, ak. Cf. kéléwi.

gétant, gii’tant to the opposite side, to the other side or end of: nikosh git't-
ant to the other end of the dam (across the river), 132, 4.

gétkala, ke'tkal, d. gé’ktkala, kée’ktkal to go out of again, to leave again; to
vacate, 43, 3. Der. géna.

gétpa; 68,5. Same as gatpa, q. v.

eétui, adv. loc., at some distance out there, over yonder. Cf. gtini.

gé-u, ké-u, pron. poss., my, mine: g. hishuaksh, g. laki my husband, i83;
19. 20. 21.; g. sndwedsh my wife; ki’gi g. vi'nsh I have no canoe, 122,
21.; ké-u tala belonging to me alone; gé-utala stefnash to my heart's content,
136, 8. Cf. 39; 6. 22. 65: 7. 9. 125, 3. 168; 43. and gélya No. 2.

eé-upka, gé-upga to arise, ascend, come up; said of celestial bodies: lilap

44 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

(sh4pash) gé-upkatki gfug through the apparition of two (moons) at a time,
105, 2. Der. géna, hf.

gé-upka, gi/-upka, d. gékupka (1) to wade in, to wade through: é-ushtat
gii’-upkapk they waded through the lake, 29, 8.; gé-upgan mfi‘ni ¢-ushtat
wéngga going into the sea they were drowned, 127, 14. (2) to swim; to cross
by swimming. Der. géwa.

géwa, d. gékua to go, to jump or leap into the water ; said of many subjects:
kokii'tat gew4 sha they leaped into the river, 17, 12. Cf. hiwa.

gi, gi, cond. gi’t, gi't, partic. giank, gink; gitko, gitk; verbals: gish, gisht,
gitki, gfug, gfula; d. form not in use. (1) ¢o eaist, to stay, remain; corre-
sponding to the Spanish estar, to be accidentally ; 22, 1.: kani gi, kani’g he
is outside, outdoors ; ni nanukash shli‘sh ki I can see into every corner, I can
see all of them, of it, 22, 17.; tidsh gi to feel comfortably, to feel at ease, 136,
6.; kt-i gi to be in bad health; to be sick, unwell; lipik there were two,
20, 2.; yutetimpka kt&4yat gfpkash they began to fire at them while they
were in the rocks, 38, 18.; k(i’mmétat gfank staying in a cave or in caves;
tud ki ni ké6ga? which is the thing I suck out? 155; 17. ef. 60, 17. 105, 11.
153; 4. 155; 21. 159; 58.; hatokt ni’sh a gishi’ when or while I was there,
22, 2. 3.; né-ulya paplishash gi’tki gfug he caused a dam to come into exist-
ence, 94, 5.; gé-uga, 141, 11. Mod.; see wakaftch; giula, completive form
of gi: to elapse, to be past: tina sindé kiulan after more than a week, 44, 3.
(2) to become, to begin to be: nti gi’tki gi I say that (they) must become, 103,
8. 9.12.13; tsi killitk tsuli’ks gf-uapk then your body will become vigor-
ous, 142, 9.; ké-i ni a kikamtchish gf-uapk I would never become an old
man, 64, 13.; ku-i gi to become worse, 68, 8. 9.; tidshi’ tn gé-u skfi’tash
ettak it will become a good robe for me, 125, 3 (3) the substantive verb
to be, corresponding to the Spanish ser to be really: kani hifi’t gi? who is
that man? tchélash palpali gi the stalk is white, 148, 3. cf ibid., 5.; and
hin gitk gi! thus I say it should be! 139, 8; nti tchish a Mo’dokni gi I
am a Modoc also; myself I am a Modoc, 41,4. Cf. 55, 8. 9. 105, 9. 140, 5.
167; 29. 35. 36. 168; 40. 45. 169; 53. 57. etc. 185; 44. With the verbals
and participles of every verb, gi makes up periphrastic conjugational forms:
ndnuktua nti papi’sh gi I am devouring, or: I can devour all sorts of food,
158; 53." Cf. 22, 17. 55, 11. 60, 13. 135, 3. 182; 7. (A) to be possessed by,

gé-upka—gimpka. 45

to be the property of; takes the owner or proprietor in its poss. case, the
poss. pron. in its subj. case; gitko is construed with the obj. case of the
thing possessed: kdinam kek i-Amnash gi? whose are these beads? tunépni

gé-u wélwash gi I have five water-springs, 157; 46.; tmélhak g. possessed
of a tmélhak-squirrel, 134, 5.; ka-ilalapsh-kitko dressed in leggings, 90, 17 ;
lapa wewéash g., 118, 2.; to be provided, endowed with: ka-4 kalkalish
lulp g. having too rounded eyes, 91, 5.; kékuapkash 1i’Ip gipkash having
swollen eyes, 186; 54.; stfya pil nish gi’pksh having pitch on her bare
head, 96, 6.; gi'tkiug (for gi’tki giug) when having, 60, 13. Cf Note to
146, 7. 14. (5) todo, to act, to perform: ka-i gi! don’t do it! 22, 7.; tidsh
gi to act well, to do one’s duty, to do right, 59, 19. 20. 21.; ki-i gi to act
wickedly, to do evil, wrong, 59, 17. 139, 5.; waki gén gitk? what are you
doing here? 101, 14.; w4k at nfi’sh gi’-uapk? what do you intend to do
with me? 95, 18.; wak giug? why? lit. “for doing what?” 184; 26.; hi-
masht and wak gisht, w. gi’tk, w. gi, see himasht gi, wak. (6) to say,
to speak; the spoken words being quoted verbally: nfi na-asht gi I spoke
thus ; nd-asht gi, na’shtk, na’shtg I, he, they said so; tchin hataktk so there
I said, 22, 9.; tchi’ ni ki’ so I said, 22, 8., cf 78, 4. 61, 3-5. and Note;
kA-i nd-asht gi! don’t say so! epexegesis to the preceding tchi’tchiks, 119,
15.; himasht gi, gink, giug, gisht, see hiimasht gi.

-gianggin, -ginggi, -kinki, -kink, suffix forming reflective pronouns,
when appended to personal pronouns, the syllable -ta- intervening: mu-
linank ftaginggi cutting hay for yourself Occurs also as a suffix in shit-
lagien, tidshkidnki, q. v. Der. giank, partic. of gi No. 5.

gilhua, d. giggdlhua (1) to slope down on two sides, to slant, to be roof-
shaped, to extend in a ridge. Cf. gi’nshka. (2) to form a level top, to be
flat-topped: gilhuantko slankosh bridge crossing the river; ati ka-4 g. slan-
kosh htik this bridge is very long, lit. ‘quite far that bridge extends in a
level plane”. Cf. gi/nshka.

gilhuapksh, d giggdlhuapksh (1) ridge, roof-shaped body; pshi’sham g.
ridge of nose. (2) table land, plateau; flat, wide mountain-top. Der. gilhua.

gilzi, d. giggalyi, v. intr., to pass through, to go out from, to be removed from:
ka-i gi lyisht pash since the food was not passing off from the bowels, 68, 9.

gimpka d. gigg4mpka to be empty: gita g. this place is empty, vacant;
nothing is there; same as ka-i a kaitua.

46 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ginagshtant, gindgshtan, Mod gindgshta; d. giggana’gshtant, prep.

and postp., this side of, on this side. Der. gén, a, -kshi.

og

ina’la; in gindla hdlikank, 182; 5.; identical with gendla No. 2,q. v.

i’ nat, for gin at, here now, 121, 6. 10.

SQ

rinatani, d gigénatani, adj., (1) situated or being on this side of, in front

(0

of: g. yaina being on this side of the mountain (2) next, nearest, proximate,
vicinal. Der. gén.

ginatant, gindtan, d. gigéndtant, prep. and postp., this side of, on this side,
in. front of: ginatan k0’sh in front of the pine-tree; gé-u wakélak latsas ¢.,
litsas wakdlay gunitant my corral lies on this side of the house, the house
on the other side of the corral. Der. gén.

ginhiéna, d. gigganhiéna (1) vy. intr., to be within, inside, as in a lodge,
house, 182; 4. (2) prep. and postp., inside, indoor, within.

ginhiendélatko, d. gigganhiendélatko being comprised within; staying in-
side: kii'gi g. there is nothing inside.

gink, gi’nka, ginkak; see kinka, kinkak.

g

ginka, ginga, d. gigganka, gigednza (1) to be hollow, as a reed; to be

perforated in its length, to be tubiform: ginkatko perforated as a tube. (2)

to pierce, perforate: psi'sh g. to pierce the septum of the nose; ginzantko

orifice, opening, of an inkstand or bottle, e. g.

iggankdyatko clearing in the woods.

ginkdayatko, dg
inkakidmna, d. gigankakiimna (1) v intr, ¢o encircle in the form of

IS

a hollow body, to surround in the shape of a concave body or half globe. (2
J) 4 wv

prep. and postp, all around, in the horizontal dimension: kalo ndénuktua

g. horizon; lit. “sky encircling everything.”

rfnkaksh, d. giggdinkaksh intervening space, vacant space between: népam

oS

giggankaksh space between fingers. Der. ginka

ginkanka, d giggdnkanka to bring there, to make come, to take along with;

fo}

said of a plurality of persons, quadrupeds, and other tall or long-shaped

objects, as poles, fish-lines: watch a ltluagsh tehi’sh k4-i g. luclkish they

_take no horses or slaves (to the grave) for immolating them, 88, 4.

ginkiamnish, d. gigankidmnish midriff, diaphragm. Der. ginkidmna.

ginzish, d. gigeanzish (1) passage-way of tubular shape, hole pierced

through. (2) smoke-hole of lodge; aperture on lodge-top. Der. ginka

gindagshtant—gintila. 47

ginshaszyantko, d. gigganshasyintko tubiform, hollow, perforated in its
length; Mod for ginkatko K1.

ginshka, d. giggdnshka, (1) v. intr., to slope, to slope down, to form de-
clivity; more frequently used than gilhua; ginshkatko hillside, mountain
side. (2) subst., slope, declivity: yainatat g slope of mountain.

ginsza, d. giggdnsya, (1) v intr., to be hollow, vacant, empty, opened up ;
gita a g. there is empty space here; the place is unoccupied. (2) to be practi-
cable, passable, to be open for passage.

ginszyantko, d. giggansyantko (1) adj., passable, open for passage. (2)
subst, passage-way, thoroughfare; aperture: ta-uni-g. street of a city or
town; pshisham g. nostril.

ginszish, d. giggdnszish street, roadway, thoroughfare in town or city:
ti’pen ginszishtat there is mud in the street’ Der. ginsza.

gint, gént, encl. gint, gent: thereabout, around there: g. tiwish the waters
rushing, falling there, 94, 5.; tt’sh gint mdlash nti shléta? where in the
world shall I find ye? 121, 18.

gintak, conj. almost always postpositive: (1) wpon this, thereupon, after-
wards, hereafter: mantch g. long afterwards, 148, 14.; kako g. after this,
a bone, 71, 7.; g. k’lé’ksht upon the death of, 87, 1.; ef. 103, 10.; nish g. i
witchnoka because you love me, lit. “after you have taken a liking to me”,
183; 16. (2) though, although, in spite of: kla’yatk g. i, although you be dead,
110, 6; tsuti’sh g. ki-i gi she gets worse, though treated by a conjurer, 68, 8.;
shkayent g. although he is strong, 112, 3; ef. 185; 44 Cf. t’teh.

gintala, kintala, d. gigdntala, v. intr., to go or stroll around; to circulate,
186; 52. Cf. gataml’ya.

vintana, d. gigantana, v. intr., to stick on the surface of, to be on something,
as paint, blood, stains, spots etc., 139, 4.: gék a tud g something sticks to
it; gintanatko adhering, adhesive ; sticking to, 39, 1. Cf gita.

gintatka, d. giggantitka, v. intr., fo be torn, to have a hole or holes; said
of clothing etc.: gintatkatko stéginsh a stocking with a hole in it

gintéga, d giggantéea, v. intr., to have an opening, to open out, to be open:
mumiatch g. the ear has a hole, passage; ti’nep pe'tch ati gintégatk a
hole sunk to the depth of five feet, 87, 8.

geintila to lie underneath, to lie under or below; fut.: gintiltak they will le

under (me), 40, 5.

48 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

giintyzi, d. giggdntyi, v. intr. (1) fo open out above. (2) to slope down, to
be sloping or precipitous; said of valleys, cafons, abysses, precipices: ati,
wigga g there is a long, short slope.

gintzish, d. gigedntyish (1) aperture, opening, as of the ear. (2) abyss,
precipice, mountain slope or gorge.

gintlanshna, d. giggdntlanshna fo go straight, to run in a straight direction ;
said of anim. and inan. subjects, sometimes adding tala-ak, straight.

gintchyish, d. gigdntchzish orifice, aperture, opening: pshisham g. nostril.

ginuala, gi’nual, d. gigganuala to be empty, vacant: gita at g. there is space,
room here; itis vacant, empty; nothing is in. Same as genuala, q. v. Cf.
ginsya, gimpka.

gish, gish, verbal indef. of gi, q. v.

gi’shala, kishla, d. giggdshla to handle, to have to do with: wak gishla i
htin? what are you doing with this? K1.; hishuaks tima nénuktuan gishaltko
a man engaged in various kinds of trade or commerce, Mod.

or

ishApa; see kshdpa.

gisht, gisht, verbal cond of gi, q. v.

gi’ta, gita, gité, abbr git, (1) loc. adv., at this place or spot, here; near by,
close to: gita im this district, 58,1; g. hushdétpa agency he rode up to the
agency here, 66, 14.: ef. 149, 10.; g. E-ukak to ort Klamath near by, 31,
14.; { git? here to my lodge, 182; 4.; gitatoks but right here, 147, 10. 18.;
git ktaiksi where the rocks lie, 142, 3.; git, gité here, 142, 3-15. 143, 4.
Cf. 22, 13. 40, 3.4. (2) temp adv., then, that time.

witadkni, adj., coming from there, from this place; inhabitant, native of that
locality, 30, 18.

gitaks, apoe. from gita-kshi at that place, 19, 12. Cf. gita.

gitala, gétala, abbr. gital, gétal, adv., in that direction, towards that spot,

thereto; also used as a rel. adv.: whereto: g. this way, right ahead, 185; 39.;

lés'ma gé'tal ta’ds he did not discover (me) in that direction, 30, 15.; gi’tal a

sha gutéktcha here they have crawled through, 121, 14.

- gi’tata, adv., right here, just here.

gitko, gitk, partic. of gi, q. v.

gf{-udshna, d. giggii’dshna to go out, to start off: pipa g. the letter is mailed.

giuga, gfug, g¢-uga, the verbal caus. of gi, q. v.

gi’ntyi—guhudshka. 49

gi- ula, ki-ula, v. intr., to elapse; to be over, to be past; the completive form
of gi, No. 1 and 3, q. v.

giulza, gi‘ultka, d. giggtilya (1) fo go out, to come out of; to leave. (2) to be
born, 109, 13.; hishuakga g. tapita the second born boy; tapini g. the last
born child; tat i gé-ulézatk? where are you born? Cf. Note to 54, 1.

Gi wash, Gé’wash, nom. pr. of Crater Mountain, 20 miles north of Fort
Klamath; an extinct voleano, height about 8000 feet.

Gi wash E-ush, nom. pr. of Crater Lake, a voleanic basin filled with
water, having an island with a high peak in its southwestern part and no
visible outlet; a short distance west of Crater Mountain.

gi’ wash, d. gikwash (i short, » -) bluish-gray squirrel, of the size of the
marten: Sciwrus Douglasstt. 177; 14.180; 1. In this term the g is differ-
ently pronounced from the g in the word preceding.

g6-itak, pl. timi g., house snake; a reptile with beautiful skin, about
three feet long. Mod.

goyéna, kuéna to walk around within, to go about inside of: pimam ni
wash g. J walk around in the beaver’s den, 185; 42.

gsh-, gs-; see ksh-, ks-.

gi, gu; gti; see ki, kii.

gi’ggamtchish, 64, 13. 103, 7. 12., d. of k’miutchish, q. v.

guhashktcha, other form for guhudshktcha, q. v.

gtthia, kthia, d. kik’hia, kikia to have a permanent swelling on a part of
body, e. g of the neck-glands. Mostly used in the d. form Der. gthua.

gf’hli, gi’hli, to enter, come in, go into; to help oneself into; same as gull,
gulhi’, but implying the use of the hands or extremities of the body
while entering: gi’hli’, 105, 3., refers to entering a winter-lodge. Cf.
gQTVhi, 71, 1. and ge’hlapka.

gu’hli’ péli, to go into again, to re-enter ; to go into one’s own house or lodge:
nt’ ak ya hin shkdyent gintak gwhli’plit I can certainly enter my lodge,
although he (who is in it) is quite strong, 112, 3 Cf. givhli.

gtthua, kéhua, gtha, guha, d. gik’hua, kékua, gikua, gik’ha, kik’hua
to swell, to swell up, to be in a swollen state: guhatko swollen; kokudpkash
li’lp gitko having swollen eyes, 186; 54.; used as v. impers: guhud nish
I am swollen, 138, 3. Cf. gtithia, gtish.

guhudshka, d. guk’hudshka to depart, leave, quit. Der. ku, hia.

4

5O KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

guhudashkteha, kuhudshgdsha, d. guk’hudshktcha to start off, to set out,
to go traveling; to walk away, to leave, quit. Refers to all modes of loco-
motion, as going on foot, on horseback, on wagons or canoes: 20, 13. 41,
23. 111, 12. 119, 21. 126, 5. 141, 1. 7.; guhdshktcha is a defective pronun-
ciation of the word: 24, 6. 29, 10. 110, 11. 21. Cf. Kohdashti.

oti; same as ktish, q. v.

ottihua level, fertile ground.

etikaka, ké-iyaga, d. guggikaka (1) to leave home or camp, as for collect-
ing wékash, roots, berries ete., 74, 38. Cf. guikaksh (2) to run off, run
away; to escape, skedaddle: gtikak lt'gs a slave ran away, 20, 17.; hatokt
ettki‘kak li’/luags there (some female) captives ran away, escaped, 20, 12.;
hiidsha a guikakshtka gi these persons are on the point of running off; they
want to escape. Der kti.

ruikaksh, guiyaksh, d. gukikaksh (1) the starting-out from home for the

og

chase, for fishing, collecting roots and berries: guizakshii’mi at the time of
the general exodus of the tribe in May, June, and July; also guizakshi’-
migshta, 148, 19. and Note. (2) act of running away; escape, flight.
uikdkteha, guizaktcha, d guggizéktcha (1) to leave one’s home or camp
habitually. (2) to start out from home for gathering provisions: at sa ké-

gS

izaktchuapka now they will (soon) leave home, 74, 2. Der. gtikaka.

guikinsha, d. guggikinsha to start away from; generally refers to the
leaving of open places, waters, prairies, clearings ete. and retreating into
the bush or timber. Der. kti. Cf huikini

oe uikidsh a, d gukikidsha to cross, to cross over, to pass, as an eminence;
lit. ‘to cross by making turns” — Der. kui

euizi, gtizin, d guegi’yi, gugeizin to cross, cross over: (1) to cross a

=
10 jo)

mountain, mountain pass, eminence. (2) to arrive at the top of a mountain.
(3) to cross waters by swimming, 174; 9., or by wading. Der. ki.

guydntcha, guydnsa, kuydndsha, d. gukiintcha to go or fly to a great
distance: pishash guydéntsa nti [the humming-bird L am flying along a moun-
tain side, 177; 26. Der kui.

euyaszyatko, d. kukidszatko afflicted with gonorrhea.

gttka, gt’ka, kéka, d. gt’kaka, gtig’ka to climb, to climb up; as on trees,

ladders ete.,: g. kapkdgatat he climbed up the small pine-tree, 95, 2. 101, 15.;

koki’sh gé-u during my ascent by climbing, 101, 16.

guhuashktcha—giluaga. - ol

egukéno’tkish, d gugakéno’tkish Jadder; a movable ladder, not the
ladder fastened to the Indian winter-houses. Der. gikna. Cf. wakish.

gi’kna, gi’kéma, d. gugikna, kukdkna to climb, to climb up, 100, 8.:
shataldi/ldamna gtként’ta while climbing up he persistently looked downwards,
95, 3.; dlahia kokantki gitg he showed him where to climb up, 100, 6.

gulf, gtli, gli, gulhi’, etlhi, d (irregular) gilhi, kilhi to go ito, to pass
into, to enter: kt’me g. to enter a cave, 30, 8.; nti g. stina’sh, latchash I go
into the house or lodge; g. (without latchash) to go into a lodge, and said of
more than one person, 84, 1.; g. latchashtat to enter the lodge, 84, 2.; g. to
enter a house to live in it, 189; 7.; ya-uksméndmksh g. he went into the phy-
sician’s house, 66, 15.; ni kaishnila etlhi I open the door and enter ; ki'lsh
kuledtank while the badger enters his den, 185; 43. Cf. kilibli.

guli’ndsa, d. guklindsa (1) to go down into, to descend into: tstti nat g. lpi
we two went down into the valley or canon, 29, 11. (2) to depart, go away,
leave: waitsak wawa a gulindshisham dogs are whining when they are left
behind, 144, 4.

gulipéli, gulhi’péle, d. gilhtpéli to go into again, to re-enter ; to enter one’s
own dwelling: gilhi’pélank re-entering, 112,13 19; nanuk gulhi’béle all
went in again, 112, 20. Der. guli.

gtlkash, d. guggdlkash; see kilyash.

gt 1lki, gt’lgi, d. guggélki to charge, to attack: tsti g. nad Méatuashash
hereupon we attacked the Pit River Indians, 19, 15.; pshi’n g. at night they
made an attack, 54,10. Cf. 21, 14. 28, 9.54, 7. Der. guli. Cf tashui.

gulkmaks, d. guggilkmaks, species of wild flav; stalks 2-3 feet high,
the fibers of which serve the Indians as thread.

et’ lks, d. giggalks, species of large brown-spotted duck; different from killa. °

gttlu, kilo, ké’lu, gtlo, nki’lu, d. gi’ggalu, kikalo, ngi’kalu, subst. and
adj.: female, of the female sex ; said of certain animals only: deer, wolf, bear,
dog, cat ete. and of all the birds: tchtkin @. hen-chicken, hen, 133, 5.; kalsam
kilo the female kdls-bird, 166; 23; gtlo pushish female cat; witii’m kilo
Female black bear, 177; 1. Cf. laki, ndsilo and their dim. forms.

gi/luaga, d. gi’ggaluaga, adj. little female ; used of smaller female animals
only, or of young animals, especially of hen-chickens: shaizi’sh g the
Female of a little forest bird, 163; 16.; witii’m kiluak the young female off-

52 KLAMATIL- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

spring of the black bear, 177; 1.; kt’kaluak pt’mam tit both female or lower
teeth of beaver used in the skti’shash-game, 80, 3. Dim. of gtlu, q. v.

gtluya, ktiluya, d. giggéluya tadpole. Der. kde.

Gi’mbat, Guimbatkni, Gimpatuash; see Kuimbat ete.

gtin, ktin; see guni.

etini, gfinf, gin, koni, kond, ké’n, ktin, (1) pron., the one there, over there ;
the one yonder ; refers to distance rather than to close contiguity: gtinitok
sikta the nail over there; ka-i a htin koné tashtant a! do not touch that! \kéi-i
kéin pén kiifla no other land besides this, 39, 6 (2) advy., same as gétui; tém
i shiwaksh shlida g.? did you see the girl out there? 140, 9. KI: guni
kanktak! you there, stop! Mod. Der. ku, kui.

gunigshtant, gunigshta, adv., prep. and postp., on the other side of, on
opposite side, opposite, 31, 15.: g. sakta the nail on the opposite side; hatakt
g. opposite that locality, 22, 6.; _Kéke gunigshta on the other side of Lost
River, 37, 16.; é-ush guni’gshta beyond the ocean, 103, 5. Cf gtinitana

gtinitana, gunitan, kunitan, guni’ta, prep. and postp., (1) on the other side
of, opposite, relatively to the speaker: gtinitan Ampu beyond the water. (2)
beyond, further than, behind: guni’ta mish beyond you, or beyond your house,
183; 17.; lupi nélam séllaluish guni’ta further than the spot where we had
Sought previously, 21, 12.; ginitan ko’sh behind the pine-tree Cf gindtant

et’ pal, pl tumi g black substance, 158; £6.; represents an object sucked
out of the patient’s body, and supposed to have caused his disease.

et’ pashtish northwest wind

gupélish, pl. timi g, huckleberry. Mod. Cf. fwam.

gush (ushort), d giggtish swelling on body. Contr. fr. gihuash. Der. gtihua.

ef’shka, d. guggdshka to leave, abandon, to part from: hii tchi m’s sna-
wii'dsh gti’skuapk and if your wife should run away from you, 60, 14. 16.

gushu, pl. timi g (d. guggdshu), swine, hog; Mod.: g. dtak itantko salt
pork, Cf. 127, 18-128, 3. From Chin. J. késho, this from French cochon.

gushudga, pl. timi g. pig, young hog. Dim. gishu.

gt’shuptchi hoglike, hoggish, resembling hogs, swine: pi a kaknégatk ¢.
he, she is as dirty as a hog.

gf’ta, d gt’gta, gii’kta (1) to come towards; to go on the outside or surface
of; to take hold of: g. na'lsh come to us, 139, 2.; shillalsh ht’'t g. a disease

etluya—egit'tchala. 53

took hold of his body; lit “came on him”, 64, 1.; ézo/yoyaz is used in
same sense, Hom. Il. I, 50. 383. (2) to stick to, as dirt on cloth.

et’talza, d. gi’etalya, gi’ktalka to go into, pass into, enter: g. hi’k ngi’-
ish tékstala that bullet entered his body at or near the navel, 23, 19.

gutimpka, d. guktémpka to charge, attack, assail; lit. ‘to come towards
from a distance”, 37, 21. 38, 17. Cf gulki.

gutédsha, gutii’dsha, d. guktédsha, to start out, as on the war-path; to
wage war, to march out for warfare: Méatuashzéni gutii’dsha hu he started
out to the Pit River country on a raid.

gutéga, kutéga,d guktéga to make one’s way into, to crawl through ; to enter,
to slide into; subject of verb anim. and inan.: gutii’ga tsulii‘kshtat i enters
the body, 73, 5. Cf. 121, 16. and kiatéga

gutéktceha, d. guktéktcha to enter, go into; to crawl into, to crawl through,
120, 20. 121, 15. See gitala.

gutékuish, d guktékuish aperture, orifice, opening, place of exit, issue ;
hole to crawl through, 121,15 Der gutéga. Cf. gekdnkish.

efi tgapéli, gutkapéli, d guggatedpeli to climb back (to the former place):
ki/shgug gi’tgapélish being unable to return by climbing, 95, 6. Der. gitya

gutila, gudila, d. guktila (1) to descend into, to go down into: kiiila nti g.
nti I descend into the ground, 154; 5 (2) to go under something, to take
shelter, to go for shelter. (3) to enter below, to pass underneath: dnku
shtékshtat nt’sh g. I have run a splinter under the finger-nail.

gutilapkapéli, d. guktilapkapéli to descend while making turns or round-
ing a distant hill, 29, 15.

gutitgtlash, guditkals d. guktitgtilash belly-ache, 166; 27. 167; 28
igh)s xe}:

et’tkga, d. guggatkga to be sick with the small-pox; to be afflicted with the
measles. Der. gitta.

gi tza, gt'tke, d. gugeatya to climb down, to descend, as a ladder: gii'tyitko
one who has climbed down, 112, 9 and Note. Der. gtka

gutzaksh, d. guggatyaksh (1) small-pox, 10, 7 166; 24. 179; 8.: kt'tkaks
shilila to fall sick with the small-pox, 70,5. (2) any other eruption of the
skin, as measles ete. Der gtita.

et/tchala, d kiktchala fo bite in the hair or fur; contr from kudtchala,
119, 5. Cf. kudtchaka.

54 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ds fe

This laryngeal sound, when initial, can be dropped in many words begin-
ning in hi-, hl-, hu- and ina few words beginning in ha-, ho-. When medial,
-h- is often dropped, when standing between two vowels; or it stands there
to preclude hiatus, as in shanaho'li. When pronounced with emphasis, it be-
comes geminated, as in kafhha, kafhha to miss. Prefixed or suffixed to the
radix, ~’h- sometimes means that an act is performed with the hands or ex-
tremities (ha by hand), ef. ge’hlapka, ewhlf, phd’shka, pi’Vhka, wa’htakia.
ha, ha, interrogative particle equivalent to a? 42, q. v.
ha, ha, other form of the declarative particle a, q. v., but oceurring very

unfrequently. Cf. ak ha for aka, tat ha for tata, and Ati ha shufshuk (for

Ati a shuish hi’k) far away are. these songs, 68, 4.
ha, adv., in one’s hand, with the hand, by hand: hi Viyam’na, nti Itityam’na

LT hold it in my hand, I hold it, 154; 14. Also used as prefix and suftix,

cf. introductory words to letter H; and Note to 66, 13.
hadak, haddakt, hadaktok; see hatak, hatakt, hataktok.
haggi, higga, pl. haggat, interj. serving to call somebody’s attention:

look here! lo! behold! halloo! 22, 12.: hagga ta, shlé-ek! well! let me see!

127, 3.; haggat! look here! 120, 2.4 7. When introducing a verb, h. can

be rendered by let me, let us: hagga shlii’k! let me fire! 22,19. Cf. 127, 2.
hahayf-fa; 157; 88. variation of a-ahahtya, q. v.
hai, haf, ai, a-i, a-f, 4-i; Mod. hai, af, kaf, zai, adverbial particle pointing to

acts visibly performed before oneself or others, or which everybody can

take notice of or verify personally; not always translatable, sometimes
corresponding to our positively, certainly, evidently, of course, as you see, as
you hear. Itis the second word in the sentence. I a-i tawi! evidently
you have bewitched (her)! 68, 2.; génta a-i mish hishtchayt’gank placing
you into this (basket before you), 95, 18.; n@ haf hi’kshi! 7 surrender my-
self! tt’sh hai at tataksni wawatdwa where the children were now sitting in
the sun, as she positively thought, 121, 7. ef. ai certainly, 121, 10.; ka-a
pélak ai heme’ye he speaks too fast, as you hear. Hai, ai is frequent in the
incantations, where it points to the supposed travels of the animals sent

out to discover the patient's disease within, upon, or above the ground

ha—haktch. 55

or in the water, cf. pp. 164-171; 176-178. Wélwash kaf nish palalla 7
see that the water spring has become dry to my disadvantage, 173; 4. Mod.
ef. 174; 9.193; 10.; Meacham kai ha pipa itpa Meacham brought the docu-
ment itself to use it as an evidence, 34, 6. Mod.; kée kai ht d4mputat wi
the frog lives in the water, as you can see yourself and as everybody knows;
Mod.; shéshiituish zai ni ki I am a trader, merchant; said in reply to in-
quiry, Mod = Cf. haitch, wékai.

haitch, adv., composed of hai, haf and the additive and emphatic -tch,
-ts, q. v., by which hai is brought in connection with preceding words,
phrases or sentences: tam hak haftch i hi’nk shliatk? did you perhaps see
him personally? refers to a man called Frank mentioned just before, 140,
5.; ni haftch lédkanka. evidently I ran astray; ta’sh haitch tchii‘lya? where
did ye see him sit? 105, 14., ef. ibid. 5. Frequently connected with wak:
wik haftch i gi? how do things look down there? 22,17. Cf hai, wakaftch.

haitehna, d. hahi‘tchna (1) to pursue, prosecute; to hunt, to hunt up, to
follow up: Mo‘dokni watch h. the Modocs went after their (stolen) horses,
54, 6.; wiwalag h., kueish h. to pursue the young antelopes, to follow up
tracks, 122, 17.; said of enemies, 17, 5. 13. 14.; ké-i sa ha’nk haftchant
liluags they did not hunt for the (runaway) captives, 20, 12. (2) to search,
to look out for: né’gsh malam p’gi’sha haitchnuk im order to look out for
your absent mother, 119, 19.

hak, -hak, (1) other form of ak, -ak only, but, merely: tt’hak on this side of a
distant object, lit. ‘‘not quite out there”, 29, 19. and Note; wikéhak mot
Jar from there, 24, 15. 125, 6. (2) other form of the potential ak: probably,
perhaps, 140, 4. (3) shorter form of pron. hitik, ht’k, this, this one, this
here: tchdékat ak hik li’Idam hak they would perish in this (in so long a)
winter, 105, 8 (4) other form of the adv. hik: pash hak shéwana there
he handed food, 66, 9.; hak this time, 41,14. Cf. ak, tii’hak.

hakshaktehui, d hahakshaktchui to carry about oneself; to carry in the
pocket, under the dress, blanket: hakshaktchuitko carrying in his pocket,
111,13. Cf. kshéna, kshéwa, shitfla.

hakshgaya, d. hahakshgdya to hang oneself, to commit suicide by hanging.
Der. kshaggdéya.

haktch, particle composed of hak, q. v., and the connective -tch, -ts, q. v.:
ta’m haktch shapésh too many moons altogether, 105, 7.

56 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

haktchdmptechi, adj., one who looks or behaves that way, in the same
manner: 1 haktch4mpesh wénni tchikdlalya, klitisham wéash w. tch.
strangely you are taking strides just like the young crane, 190; 12.

hdla, d. hahdla to swallow, 190; 13. 21. The form hald-a has the declara-
tive particle a added to it. Cf. hlé-a.

haméktpka, d. hah’mékupka to speak to, to halloo at a distant person, 122,
6. Der. heméze.

hAméni, hdméne, d. hahdm’ni (1) fo wish, to desire, to want; to express a
wish or desire: kuatchdgash h. she wanted to bite the fur, 119, 7.; shi’tanksh
haménitiga wishing to come to an understanding, 34, 6.; to prefer, (with
verbal intentional), 36, 16. (2) to be intent upon, to attempt, to try: luélsh
h. they tried to kill, 128, 9.; hishtchish haménitga trying to save him, 42,
14. KI. prefers shanahd’li to h., q. v.

hamdéasha, d. hah’médasha fo call, to shout; to shout at somebody, 121, 5.
Der. hii’ma.

handkerchip handkerchief; 87, 14. From the English.

hanshish, hdntchish, d. hahdnshish the substance or small-sized object
which the conjurer feigns to suck out of a patient’s body, 68, 7. It is sup-
posed to have been the material cause of his sickness. Der. hansha.

hanshna, hantchna, d. hahdnshna fo suck, to suck at; said of the conjurer,
68, 5.: h. ma’shish he sucks at the patient, 71, 5.; summatka héntchna to
suck with the mouth, into the mouth, 68, 6. and Note. Cf. édsha, hanufpka.

hantila, d. hahantfla to excavate, to dig a hole or cavity under something:
hantilatko person who lost the lower range of teeth; shtina’shtat hantilatko
a cellar, Cf. hanufpka, i-utila.

Hantchatchifa-ash, nom. pr. fem. KI: “ Wide-Mouthed”.

hantchipka, d. hahdntchipka to suck out of, lit. “to suck towards one-
self”, 71, 6. Cf. 68, 6. and Note. Der. hansha.

hanuipka, d. hahanufpka (1) to have a gap or hole in a limb; to have an
open wound or sore. (2) to keep or hold open: sht'm h. to hold the mouth open.

hapa, haba, d. hahapa upper end of a cone; upper part, top of a tree, mount-
ain, hill ete.: yatiyal hintchna késham haba p’laitana a white-headed
eagle flies above the pine-top.

hapush, d. hahdpush wood-rat, field-rat. Mod. for kmimutch KL, q. v.;
adopted from the Shasti language.

haktchamptchi—hdshpa. 57

hashampka, d. hahashimpka to form a ring; to surround, encircle, form a
circle around: shti E-ukskni h. the Lake men formed a full ring around
(them), 23, 12. Cf. gaki’ma, s4-atcha.

hashashudkia, d. haéh’shashudkia (1) to speak to, to talk, converse with; to
discuss, 34, 15. 66, 7.15 16.: h. p’laikishash to pray to God. (2) when con-
nected with pipa: to read, peruse; lit “to speak to the paper, document,
letter, book”. Cf. #/-alza, dlya.

hashashuakio’tkish speaking tool, instrument for transmission of speech:
wititi h. electric telegraph.

hashashuakitampka to commence conversing; to begin negotiations, 38, 12.

hashatudya, d. hah’shatudya (1) to assist each other, to afford mutual help.
(2) to assist, help somebody. Der. shatudya.

hashiuga, d_ hahashiuga to teach, instruct, make learn, inform, educate,
train: udidamtchnish nti h. hi’t waétehag I taught that dog swimming;
tyi-ush, watch ni h. I break a colt, a horse for work. Der shayuga.

hashiugish, d. hahashiugish teacher, educator, instructor ; trainer.

hashfwaktecha, d. hahashiwdktcha éo start out for the purpose of showing
or informing; to show, exhibit, inform of: h. nti sti’ I come to show you the
trail or road. Der. hashiuga.

hashkemélsham, d. hahashkemdélsham shrub about 3 to 5 feet in
height, producing a round, hollow, black, sweet fruit not unlike a small
cherry; 75, 4.; it is rather scarce in the Klamath Highlands.

hashyammish, d. hahashyAmmish (1) brushwood inserted in walls to pre-
vent drafts of air. (2) lodge open at the top.

hashzyamnash, d. hahashyAmnash small lodge or dwelling open at the top ;
Mod. for hashyimmish No. 2 KI.

hashld-iza, d hahashlé-iza to expose to the smoke: h tchti’leks to smoke
meat. Der. shlii’-ika.

hashlantchuipéle d. hahashlaéntchuipéle to get back, to reobtain, to re-
ceive the same thing again; said of garments and other articles enveloping
the body. Cf. shlatpampéli.

hAshpa, d. hahdshpa (1) to feed, give food to children, cattle etc.: h. nti
hf’nk hishudkga I feed that boy. (2) to hand over, tender the food, with
double obj. case, 113, 3. Der. pan.

58 KLAMATH —-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

hashpazpéli, d. hahashpdzpéli to rub oneself dry after bathing: nih.
péniini I rub my face dry after washing Der. spéha, -péli.

hashpankua, d. hahashpdnkua to ford a river on horseback. Der. pankua.

hashpapka, d. hahashpapka to hatch, said of eggs: at tehfkén n4pal h.
the chicken has hatched the eggs, lit. ‘the eggs were fed by the chicken”;
hashpapzno'la to come to an end with hatching ; to hatch out.

hashpatehka, (for hashtpditehka) d. hahashpdtchka to wash another's
Jace: kitchkayii‘n’sh hashpatski! wash this child’s face! Der shtapatehka.

hashpkish, d. hahdshpkish feed, fodder for animals: watcham h horse-
Seed; oats Der, hashpa.

hashpo’tkish, d. hahashpo’tkish (1) feed-trough, manger. (2) dish, plate,
cup. K.: h shapélash assortment for dinner- or supper-table. Der hashpa

hashtaksh, d.hahdshtaksh perforation of nose-septum, earlobe. Der. héshtka.

hashtaltala, d. hahashtdltala (1) to converse, to speak to each other (2)
to dispute, to discuss, to speak pro and contra, to debate: pa't hashtaltal they
disputed among themselves, 104, 3 (3) to quarrel. Der. shatéla

hashtaltimpka, d hahashtaltampka (1) to give orders, manage, control
(2) to own, possess ; to be proprietor, to lord it over: hii hun h. stina’sh he owns
the house; hashtaltampatko owner of property, houses or land ; boss, employer,
principal in business ; Mod. for hashtaltampkatko. Der. shatéla.

hashtaltélampka, d. hahashtalt#l4mpka to live in contiguous houses,
lodges ; to be neighbors, lit ‘to converse at a distance”. Der. hashtéltala

hashtamna, d. hahdshtamna (1) to fasten by inserting in perforations. (2)
to wear on oneself in perforated parts of body: snéwedsh tt'tash hahishtam-
nipksh (for: hahashtamnf{pkash) @ woman who wore dentalium-shells in her
ears, 111, 14. Cf. hashtka, shtashtAmnish

hashtatehmaya, d. hahashtatchmaya fo fasten or pin together: dnktitka
h. to fasten together with small sticks of wood, 126, 4.

hashtdawa, d hahashtawa to starve out, to let perish by hunger: hashtawan
shitika to kill by starvation, 36, 17. Der. st&wa.

hashtka, hashtza, d. hahdshtza to perforate the nose, nose-wall, ear, ear-
lobe ete Der sttika Cf hashtaksh.

hashteh&kua, d hahashtchikua to wash another's hands. Der. shatchakua.

hashud-a, d. hahashui-a to sow, to plant; to raise vegetables or cereals.

hashpdézpéli—hatkak. 59

hashudkish, d hahashudkish garden, garden-bed, vegetable-garden; Mod.
for hishuash K1

hashudkla, d. hahashudkla (1) to live together, to stay in company of: h.
na'lsh he stayed with us. (2) to live with another party, to remove into an-
other family ‘This is often done by women expecting confinement.

hashuash, d. hahdishuash (1) vegetables, kitchen-greens. (2) ground used
Sor sowing, planting: vegetable-garden, garden, garden-bed ; field, farm. Cf.
hashudkish. Der hashua-a.

hashudtana, d. hahashudtana to look at oneself, 189; 5. Cf. shuawina.

hassuishyish breech-clout of buckskin; an obsolete portion of the female
wardrobe somewhat shorter than the hishtehfshyash. Cf. shuftala.

hatak, hatok, loc. adv., mostly connected with verbs of motion in Kl. (1)
here, on this place or spot: shui’sh h. nti géna nti I the magic song am passing
here before you, 156; 31.; h. nad li’-una we will play here, 120, 8. (2)
there, over there, at yonder spot or locality: h.-tchi'tko a settler in that country or
tract of land, 36, 18.; h.tchi’sh, same meaning, 37, 4 16., Mod.; ef. tehi’sh;
hitoktala towards that spot, 80, 10.; mt’lua génuapkug hataktala he made
himself ready to proceed there, 96, 11. Der. ha, tak.

hatakt, hatokt there, out there, at that spot, at yonder place; refers to a lo-
cality out of sight, and is in K1. mostly connected with verbs of locomo-
tion, like hitak: sakemdwank hatokt miti’lua there, as at the rendezvous,
they prepared for the campaign, 29, 3.; hatokt gatpampéle he went back there,
95, 9.; kayak an hatokt gatpantk I was not going there at all, 140, 6.;
kta-i hadakt nutola’ktcha they threw a stone while passing there, 85, 15.;
Mod., ef. 21, 2. 15. 22, 1-4. 131, 1-4.; himasht nat hatokt mdklézank so
acted we, when we passed the night there, 21, 7.; hataktk (for hitakt gi) said
there, 22, 8. 9.

hataktana, hataktna by that place, through that locality: hadaktna gend'ga
while passing or traveling by that spot, 85, 15.

hataktok, hataktak right there; the locality referred to by this adverb
is described in 24, 12. 85, 17.: h. tehfa there they remained, 37, 18. Der.
hatak, tak, q. v.

hatkak, hatkok (for hatak ak) right there, just there, on the very spot, 131,
6.: tii’mishtka tstii nanka h. tséka then others perished on the spot by hunger,
17, 15 ; k’maka tgt’tgank hatkok he stood there and looked around, 110, 16.

60 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

h a’, procl. hii, (hé, he) conj., if, when, supposing that, supposed. The conditional
clause introduced by hii’ usually stands before the principal clause, but the
inverted position of it is just as correct: hii’ nen wii’g’n ki/git, watchatka
sha hi’nk énank i’lytcha when a wagon is not on hand, they place the body
on a horse and bring it to the grave, 87, 5.; sptlhi-uapké m’s ni, hii’ f sas
palluapk I shall imprison you if you seduce them, 58, 11. Cf. 110, 3. Hii’
is sometimes suppressed in the conditional clause, cf. 85, 16. 134, 15. The
principal clause does not generally contain a conj. correlative to hii’, ef.
59, 6. 14. 90, 7. 110, 6. 134, 16., but it may be introduced by tchti, 36, 2.,
by -tok, -toks, 184, 15., by at: 90, 19., Mod., or by tchii’, which is the
real correlative corresponding to hii’: hii sliudpkst, tchii ma‘Ish ng4tuapk
nWhlis if ye will be shot, then to ye will snap the bowstring, 21,10. Hii’ is
found connected with other particles suffixed to it: hii’tak, hii’tok, hii’toks
but Uf, p. 58 sqq.; hi’atoks, 135, 1.; hii tchtti, abbr. hii’ tchi, tsi, 60, 10.
14.; hi’ tchish, contr. hii’tch, hits, 60, 10. 21.

hihii’tamna to cry ha, ha repeatedly ; to keep on grunting, humming, 105, 6.

hii’ kskish walking-stick: skt’ksam h. spirit’s walking-staff, 181; 4.

hii’ma, héma, d. hiihii’ma, hehéma to produce or emit sound, noise, voice. (1)
said of some sounds or noises produced by the forces of nature, of disturb-
ances of the atmosphere, waters ete.: to rear, to sound, to resound, to murmur.
(2) said of sounds produced by means of musical instruments. (3) said of
some modes of utterance of the human voice: to cry, to scream, to shout.
(4) said of the voice of most of the quadrupeds, of birds ete.: to neigh,
roar, bray, howl, mew, bark, bellow, bleat, cry, squeal, squeak ; to twitter, whistle,
crow, caw, screech; of noises made by insects: to chirp, hum, buzz: mitkash
h. the owl hoots, 88, 6. 192; 2.; pushish, tchfkin h. the cat mews, the chicken
crows, 133, 4. 5.; wisyak h the wisyak-bird sings, 144, 3.

hii’méle, héméle to shout downwards to: Kii’-udshiamtch h. Skélamtchish
Old Gray Wolf shouted down into the lodge to Old Weasel, 112, 17.

hii’méta, d. hiihdm’ta; see hém’ta

hii’metehipka; see hémtcha.

himdla, d. hiih’mdla to resound, to make noise: mbi’shant kiifla h. in the
morning the Earth resounded, made a rumbling noise, 192; 3. To the In-

dians this is a magic song sung by the Marth.

hi’ —hémkanka. 61

hin i’sish long arrow used by conjurers as a magic tool for curing the
sick, 73, 5.; its incantation: 164; 3.

ha’nuash, d. hihdnuash rock standing upright. The Klamath Lake peo-
ple has a myth about a group of these rocks; incantation, 179; 4. Cf.
yatish and Note to yafnalam shulttyualsh, 158; 50

ha’tak, hii’tok, hii’taks, hi’-aitoksh, conj., but if, but when; supposing how-
ever that. Cf. hii’.

hé-e-i, aterm of unknown signification, adapted to the metre, 156; 34.

hé-i’, interj, here! look here!. Cf. haggi.

hefhei, hithiii, Mod. hefhai, pl ttmi h., red foa, silver for; other name for
wan, q. v.: wan h. mti shi’shuapk the skins of the elk and the silver fox will
sell at high prices.

heyéna, d. hehidna to rattle by shaking: lamam-wikokshtat heyénatko
yamnash beads rattling in a (shaken-up) bottle Cf. hii’ma.

hekshatza, d. hehakshatza to divide between two, to make two portions. Cf.
kshé’sh, shidtka.

hekshatléka, d hehakshatléka, v. trans., to load, charge, freight trans-
versely: hekshatlekitko watch a horse carrying a load fastened transversely,
85, 4. Der. kshét’léka.

hemé’ ze, hiiméze, d. heh’méze to say, to speak The regular use of this
verb implies the verbal quotation of the words said or spoken: Aisis
himéze: “K’mukémts an’sh p’lafwash shti‘lta” Aishish said: “K’mikamtch
sent me after the eagles”, 101, 15. Cf. 36, 2. 95, 17. 96, 3.105, 4 9 10.
107, 9. For h. Mod. sometimes uses hemé’yen: 125, 3. 5. 6. 126, 9.; ef

125, 9. The proper words of a speaker are often introduced without h.
or any other verb of the same import: 21, 10. 41,3 H. stands instead of
tpéwa to order: 95, 1.; instead of vila to inquire of: 95, 17. 105, 4. 9.
Der. hii’ma. Cf. gi No. 6., hémkanka

hemé zish, d. heh’mézish what is or has been spoken: word, speech, sentence.

hémkanka, d. hehdmkanka (1) to speak, to talk, to deliver a speech; the
spoken words are not mentioned after this verb, or when they are, they
are not quoted verbally, but only the gist or abstract of them is given:
ti’m h. nd-asht he spoke at length as follows, 64, 8.; hishuadkshash-shitko ish
hémkank! speak to me as toa man! 37, 8 ; hemkankatko suéntch a babbling,

62 KLAMATH—- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

prattling child, Mod.; na‘st ni hémkank: “hutya”! so I said: “don't go!”
30, 4. Cf 34, 4. 11. 42,2 (2) to converse, discourse, to have a talk, to
discuss, debate: tidsh h. to speak in favor of peace, to hold a peace-council,
13, 17.; to speak to one’s benefit, 34, 12.; kédsha hemkankatko after the dis-
cussion had lasted for a short while, 34, 16.; hemkankuldétak (for -ta ak)
just after that talk, 39, 10.; at nti kédshika hémkanksh now I am tired of
debating, 42, 3. Cf 42,5. (8) to declare, assert, proclaim: spoken words
quoted, 39, 12.; hemkankdta while they declared, 35, 6.; Cf. 34, 16. 35, 11.

hemkankatehna, d. hehamkankatchna to repeat while speaking or saying,
to say repeatedly, 121, 19.

hémkanksh, d. hehamkanksh (1) speech, discourse, sermon, address ; cf.
waltoks. (2) language, dialect: K-ukshikisham, Méatuasham h. the Kla-
math Lake, the Pit River (Indian) language, 23, 4.; h. tiména to understand,
to know a language, 23, 38. Der. hémkanka.

hemkanktdmpka, d hehamkanktémpka to begin to speak; to commence
talking, discussing, debating, 38, 7. Der. hémkanka.

hémkankuish, d. hehamkankuish the spoken word or words; speech,
saying, utterance, 40, 6. Cf. heme’zish.

hém’ta, hiiméta, d. hehdm’ta to say, to speak to somebody, in the sense of
order, command, of inquiry, of reproach ete., with or without verbal
mention of the spoken words: 109, 9. 110, 18 111, 14. 112, 16.: h.

Tchashgtyash géntki giug he told Weasel to go to, 111, 4.; ‘“skishtli!”

‘wake up!” said it (the young antelope) to its younger

hémta n’na tapia
brother, 121, 23. Der. hii’ma.

hémtecha, d. hehamtcha to say, cry, or shout to: ktso’l hiimetsipka: ‘“pat-
kal!” the stars shouted at him: “arise!” 134, 10 Der. hii’ma.

hémtehna, d. hehdmtchna to say, speak, shout to somebody, to reply to while
engaged in conversation, 110, 11. 122, 20. Der. hii’ma.

hésha, d. hehdsha to send, to send out, to dispatch. K1. for shnidsha Mod.

heshamkanka, d. hehashamkanka (1) to te/l each other ; to give orders to
each other, 113, 20. (2) to express an idea by different turns of words or
locutions ; to explain, to render plain, to make comprehensible. Der. hemkanka.

heshégsha, d. hehashégsha (1) to explain to each other ; to explain, 122, 8.;

to understand each other. (2) to make a report, to report (3) to report against,

hemkankatechna—heshtélza. 63

to make an unfavorable report; to complain, to speak against: laki h. E-ukshi-
kisham ktchinksh pen pallash the chief complained that the rails had been
stolen again by the Klamath Lake Indians, 35, 17. Der. shégsha.

heshelidéta, d. hehashlidta to exchange goods ; to follow the bartering trade:
lit. “to exhibit to each other”. Der. héshla.

heshémésh, d. heh’shémésh jewsharp; contr. from hesh’hémésh. Der.
hi’ma. Cf. shtiishap. .

heshémttkish music produced on instruments of every description:
piano, cornet, pansflute, flute, drum etc. Der. hii’ma. Cf. heshémésh.

héshka, d. hehashga to drop, let fall, lose; to lose something from a set or
From the place to which it belongs, as buttons from a dress, beads or rings
from the body.

heshkatcehki mish brush lodge. Cf. hashzammish, hashyamnash.

héshku, Mod. héshgun, d. hehashku, Mod. hehashgun fo bet, to make bets,
to stake for a bet: tim sa h. they made various bets, 99, 6 Der. shid.

héshktsh, d. hehdshkush stake or stakes of a bet; game-stake, 80, 5.

heshzalpéli, d. hehashzalpéli to receive back by exchanging Jor other arti-
cles; to reobtain by bartering or by payment of money, 58, 16. 59, 1. 61, 8. 9.
Der. skéala (skéa), -péli.

heszatana, d. hehaszatana to become rusty, to rust: h. tehtkémen iron gets
rusty ; hesyatanitko rusty, full of rust; IK. for heshkatantko Mod.

heshzii’ki, d hehashzii‘ki to kill, slay, murder ; said of many objects only,
Mod.: lap hishuatchzash hiishyé’gi two men were killed, 43, 1. and Note.

héshla, héshéla, d. hehdshla (1) to show, to exhibit, to let see: heshle-udpka
nti mish J will let you see; hésh’la hi shtimaluash he showed (him) that he
had written, 34, 6. (2) to show itself, to appear. (3) subst.: wild-fire, Jack
olantern; lit. “what shows itself” Der. shléa.

héshlaklash, d. hehdshlaklash large whole apron buttoned on back.
Der. shlékla. Cf. saniad-ish.

héshlaktcha, d. hehashlaktcha to rust, to become rusty. Der. shléka. Cf.
heszatana.

héshltanksh, d. hehadshltanksh cushion of chair. Der. shlétana.

heshtalzéash, d hehashtalzéash top (as a plaything). Der. shetalzéa.

heshtélya, d. hehashtdlza to live as man and wife, to consort, to live in
concubinage, 60, 2. Der, shetdélza.

64 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

héshteha, d. hehdshtcha éo suckle: mikaksh h. to suckle an infant. Der.
édsha. Cf. haénshna, héntchipka.

heshtsdlza, heshtchalza, d. hehiishtsalya to make sit, to set up, to set to
rest; said, e. g, of babies made to sit up. Der tchéla.

heshudmpéli, d hehashudmpéli (1) to restore to health, to cure, 72, 4.
(2) to be in good health again. KI. for hishudmpéli. Der. wémpéle.

hétya, hia'tze, d. hehatya, hihatye to fall down, to drop: hehatze tapak the
(withered) leaves are falling, 75, 15.

héwa, hia’wa, d. h¢éhua to suppose, believe, think: na kaé-i kétak h. I doubt
it, lit ‘not true I hold it”. KK. for shéwa, K]. and Mod. Cf. dla.

hi, hi, hi’, i, 1; emphat. hi’-i, i’-i, adv. loc. also serving as prefix and suffix
and forming contrast to ha and ht’ (-u-): (1) on the ground, upon the soil ;
upon this or that ground, here, there, over there: wak haitch i gi? how is it
down there? 22, 17.; tehui hi’-i lélktcha tehi’ktchik and there (in the
woods) he abandoned the wagon, 78, 14. and Note; hi luélks-kiiim gi’-uapk
there will be a fish-killing place, 143, 1.; ka-i kani hi gatpanudpka nobody
shall go to that place or ground; hi tcheldluish puély’! throw the peelings
away! kidshna ai i Ambu they throw water on (the stones) while these are
on the floor of the sweat-lodge, 82, 8.; gen slékalsht hi after he has shot at
the mark, which stands on the ground, 100, 19. Cf. 29, 16. 37, 1. 55, 13.
and Notes; 157; 47. 168; 38.177; 9. (2) at home; in the lodge or camp;
towards home, to the camp; this adv. serves to express ‘‘home” because the
floor of the lodge is the soil itself: hf nti génuapk I intend to go home; {
git’ (for i, hi gita) here into my lodge, 182; 4.; cf. also 74, 14. and Notes to
37, 1.55, 13. Cf { No. 3.

hiapdatzoksh, Mod. hi-ipétzoksh, d. hiapafpatyoksh, Mod. hi-ipafpat-
zoksh stocking.

hiétala to mash, crush; to exterminate by crushing: pse-utfwash hiétalt
(cond., for hictalat) nfish the human beings will crush me, are in the habit of
crushing me, 1.04, 2.

hiklya, d. hihaklya to shake, shatter ; said, e. g., of an earthquake.

hikstIsha, d. hihaksiilsha to fish with the téwas-witsdlas dip-net on a
canoe. Cf. 149, 22. 150, 5.

hilidshna, d. hiluhiliidshna to push, to push away, to remove by hand,

héshtcha—hishlan. 65

feet or otherwise: pi hfink na‘Ish hiluhiludshna he pushed us away repeat-
edly. XI. for yilo’dshna Mod. Der. lidshna.

himpoks, himboksh (1) fallen tree. (2) tree cut down, felled tree, log, 78,
14.: h.-stina’sh log-house. Der. hinui. Cf. hi’wi.

himputiaziéa, d. hihamputiaziéa to bounce, skip, leap over a log or other
obstruction. Kl. for mbutée’ye Mod. Der. himpoks. Cf. shampatiazi¢a.

hinawadla, d. hihanwala, (1) v. intr., to swing back and forth, as when
moved by the wind. (2) v. trans., fo swing, shake the head or body, while
walking, 186; 53. Der. hinua.

hinshya, d. hihdnsya to fall near, between or on: hinsyan anku a tree falling
into the midst of others. Said of inanimate subjects only. Der. hinua.

hintfla, hindila, d. hihantila (1) to fall under something. (2) prep. and
postp, under, underneath, below, beneath. Cf. i-utila, wintila.

hinua, d. hihdnua ¢éo fall on, upon, into (not into water). Cf. tinua.

hinui, hi’nui, d. hihanui (1) to fall to the ground; to fall down, come or tumble
down; used of inanimate subjects only. Cf. 162; 1. and Note. (2) éo fell,
make come down: nti h. ko’sh I fell that pine-tree. Cf. hinua, hishanui.

hishaktgi, d. hih’shaktgi to shake, bring in motion; as a pole, boulder ete.:
ko’sh nfi késhga hishiktgish I cannot shake that pine-tree. Der. sbiktka

hishamkanka, d. hihashamkénka; same as heshamkanka, q. vy.

hishanui, d. hihashaénui fo fell by cutting down, sawing ete.: nt h. hin ko’sh
T cut down that pine-tree. Contr. from hish’hénui. Der. hinui.

hishkantehna, d hihashkantchna to travel im a file on foot, wagon,
horseback. Der. kintchna.

hishzyélulyza, d. hihashzéli/lya (1) to measure by length, the unit of
length being a step or pace, or the length of one arm, or of both arms
extended. (2) to make of the same size, length, breadth. Cf. shikashla.

hishl&akshka, d. hihashlikshka to shoot well nigh each other ; to come near
wounding or killing each other by shooting, 110, 2. Der. hishlan, -kska.

hishlan, apoc. hishla, d. hihdashlan, hihdshla (1) to shoot, to fire at each
other, 108, 1; to wound or kill each other: natak h. we shot men of our own
party, 24, 4.; hishla-uk for having fired at our own men, 24,17. (2) to ri-
valize with another, or others, in shooting at the mark: hi’shla nté-ishtka they
shot with bows at the mark, 109, 15. (8) to shoot oneself; to commit suicide
by shooting. Der. shlin. Cf. Notes to 24, 4. and 109, 15.

o

66 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

hishlatchna, d. hihashlitchna ¢o be or go on a shooting trip, to go around
shooting, to dinert oneself by shooting, 136, 3. Der. hishlan.

hishlitanka, d. hihashlittanka to bend over for clasping, as the blade of
a pocket-knife. Cf. liwakukpéle.

hishlutchtanka, d. hihashlutchtanka to tie up, to tie together: hihash-
ltitchtinka lak Lemé-isham he tied the Thunders together by their own hair,
113, 19. Cf. shlitchta.

hishnkita, d. hihashnkita (1) to disobey, disregard: p’gishap ni’sh lewé-
ula ¢-ushtal génuapksht, nf hishnki’ta htinksh my mother forbade me to go to
the lake, but I did not mind her order. (2) to be reckless, rash, audacious :
ka-itoks i-i hishnkfta! don’t be so reckless! Der. shnikita.

hishnsha, d. hihdshnsha to go about eating, to eat while walking. Cf. shnezia.

hisho’tkish, d. hih’shd’tkish curtain; window-shade.

hishplamna, hishpla’mna, d. hihashpla’mna fo lead, to drag, to tow (boats,
animals ete ). Der. shepolamna.

hishtalta, d. hihashtalta (1) to inform, apprise; to report to. (2) to promise
mutually; to promise, 34,21. Der. stilta.

hishtdanta, d. hihashtanta (1) to love, cherish each other, to be fond of each
other: gék shiushuak h. these girls love each other. (2) to love oneself.
Der. stinta.

hishtateha, d. hihdshtatcha, hihdst’sha to educate, bring up, raise: tata-
kiash, tehikinash hihAsht’sha to raise children, chickens. Der. t’shin.

hishtilankanke-otkish hoop as a plaything for children. Der.
tilankénkia. Cf. shtilanshna.

hishtish, d. hihashtish, a species of little sucker-fish, the smallest of that
fish-tribe found in the waters of the Klamath region.

Hishtish-Luélks, nom. pr. of a camping and fishing place on the
headwaters of Sprague River: ‘‘ Fishery of small suckers”.

hishtualkanka, d. hihashtualkanka (1) to sway, swing, weave, rock to
and fro. (2) to roll forth and back. Cf. tilankaénka.

hishtchakta, d.. hihashtchikta to become angry, irritated at each other ;
to quarrel, to have a fight, contest, difficulty: tsvi h. hatakt then they quarreled
there, 19, 8. Der. shitchakta. Cf. shawiga.

hishtcehaktna, d. hihashtchaktna, (1) v. refl.: to become angry at each

hishlatechna—hishuadalya. 67

other ; to start a quarrel, altercation, 35, 1. 60, 19. 22. (2) v. intr.: to become
angry, wroth at somebody or something, 21, 3. 37,2. Der. shitchaktna.

hishtchaytga, d. hihashtchaytiga to put or place into something, as into
a basket, 95, 19.

hishtechi, d. hihdshtchi to save, rescue, deliver: hii hishtchish Meachiish
haménitiga because intending to save Meacham’s life, 42, 13.

hishtchishzash breech-clout longer than the hassufshyish; two articles
of female wardrobe which have now become obsolete.

hishuakga, d. hihashudkga boy-child, boy; boys are called so by the
Klamath Lake people from their birth until they become adult: na‘sh
gitsednits (for kitchkdéni tchish) h. a young boy too, 23, 13. Dim. hishu-
aksh; contr. from hishudkiga. Cf. shnawédshka, tchaki, tchilloy4ga.

hishuaksh, Mod. hishudtchyash, d. hfhashuaksh, hf-assuaks, Mod. hi-
hashuatchyash (1) husband: nalim h. our husband, the husband of us all,
95,10; ki‘liak h. not having a husband, 60, 1.; hissudksh m’na k’léksht her
husband having died, 89, 5.; cf 61, 19. 20 78, 3. 7. 142, 9. 14. 16. 186; 54.;
married man: hii i h. palluapk snawii‘dshash if you as a married man should
seduce a married woman, 59,2. Cf 61,14. (2) person of the male sex:
male, man, adult man: hissuaks kii‘liak snawiidsh a man without a wife, 60,
1.; hi’toks ? hi’hashuaksh shishékuapk but should you fight with (other)
men, 59, 13.; hishudékshash-shitko ish hémkank! speak éo me as to a man!
37, 7. Cf. 33, 6. 80, 6. 87, 1. 17. 90, 11. (8) young man capable to carry
arms; fighting man, warrior, brave. Cf. the term “yeoman”. Kii’ei hi-
hassuaks tankt no fighting men were present at that time, 16, 17.; hihassuaks
at tinkayula the armed men ran out of the bush, 23, 11. Cf. 28, 7 30, 8.—
The d. form here serves as a real pl. hissuaks stands instead of this pl.
form in 28, 4. Derived from a form parallel with hashudkla. Cf. laki,
maklaks, mbtshni, sheshaldlish

hishudékshla, d. hihashudkshla (1) to be married to a man, to take for a
husband. (2) to consort with a man: hishudkshlank, for hishudkshlan gi,
was consorting, 95, 11. KI. Der. hishuaksh. Cf. shnawédshla.

hishudélza, d. hihashualza (1) to lay oneself down, legs drawn up, face down,
or leaning on elbows, when stretched out the whole length. (2) to hide, to
secrete oneself, to lie in ambush. Der. shitlka; lit. ‘to gather oneself up”.
Cf. knikla, kniklya, lutchlya.

68 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

hishudtehzyash; Mod. for hishuaksh KL, q. v.

hishuatehzydshla, d hihashuatchzadshla, 54, 16.; Mod. for hishudkshla
K1., q. v. Cf. shnawédshashla.

hishfi’ dshza, d. hihasht’dshya to spread over, as sheets, blankets ete.

hishuggaya, d. hihashuggdya, v. trans., to hang above or over something ;
to suspend, extend over, asa blanket over a shrub. Der. shuggdya. Cf.
kshagedya, shakdtchuala.

hishi’ka, d. hihashitka, hih’shika, (1) v. recipr., to kill or murder each
other ; 60, 22.: ti’ sas hisho’kst that they had killed each other out there, 108, 5.
(2) v. refl.: to commit suicide. Der. shitiga.

hishttnua, d. hihashtinua to apply or make use of the song-medicine, 129, 5.
Der. shuina.

hita, hita, abbr. hi’t, hi’d (1) loc. adv. here on the ground, on this soil:
nda‘ni nd hi’d shuewatka éwakatat three times I fished with the line here in
the pond. (2) here in the lodge, in or into this house: hita tehfa! here she sits
in the lodge! 105, 5; hi’t a tcha’lya here he sat down, 105, 15.; mashipksh
a sha hi’d ftpa hénta latcheshtat they bring the sick people into this house
here (into a hospital). (8) at this place, at that spot: Tielat hi’nksh hi’t!
kill ye him on the spot, 190; 15. Cf. gita, hi, hitksh, hitok.

hi’tksh, contr. from hfta-kshf at this place; from this point, from here, 192; 4.

hitok, hi-itok, (1) adv., right here on the ground; right here, just on this spot:
hi’-itak there, meaning on the bottom of the lark’s nest, 95, 6. (2) verbi-
fied: hitdk i! hi-iték at! be quiet! no disturbance! lit. ‘‘sit down on the
ground! sit down again!” 34, 11. From hi, tok.

hiuhiush, d. hihiuhiush soft ground, morass, marsh: h. fyAlamta to the west
of the marsh, 24,10. A locality is here alluded to, situated on the trail
followed by the Maklaks when on their raids to Pit River valley.

hiuhiwa, d. hihfuhiwa to be soft, elastic; to rise up after depression like a
sponge; said of marshy ground; partic. hiuhiwatko marshy, 20, 4. °

hit’/shga, d hiht’shga to order, to command: p’na maklikshish hi’ushga
kaé-i shuénktgi he ordered his men not to kill, 56, 6.

Hi’ wits nom. pr. mase. KIL: “ Lips-hanging”, “ Big-mouthed”.

hi’ wi, héwi, iwi, d. hi-iwi to fetch home, to pack away for home, to transport
to one’s camp, 74, 13. 14. 75, 1.: kshii’n hb. to bring hay to one’s home or lodge,

hishuatchyash—hli’kash. 69

75, 12.; h. himboks ¢o haul logs or fallen trees, 78,14. Der. hi. Cf. hiwi-
dsha, fwa, iwilya.

hiwidsha, iwi'‘dsha, d. hi-iwfdsha (1) to go and fetch home, to haul to one’s
camp: w6kash, kshin iwf-idsha they take home the pond-lily seed, the hay,
75, 1.12. (2) to put, to stow away underground, in cachés; used when
speaking of dried provisions to be stored at the prospective wintering
place; 74, 6. Der. hiwi.

hla’, d hla’hla to adjust feathers on arrows, to provide them with fliers. Cf. lash.

hla-a, hia’, l4-a, d. hlahla, lalé-a (1) to breed, to bear offspring; said of
quadrupeds and other animals: watch lald-a mares foal, 75, 6. (2) to lay
eggs: tchikén n&pal h. the chicken has laid an egg. Cf. knikla, lAlash, le-
lédshi, lflhanksh.

hlaka, d. hlalka the shorter wing-feathers of a bird. Dim. of lash, hlash;
contr. from hlaé-aga

hlakhlakli, d. hlalaklékli; same as laklakli, q. v., but less frequent.

hléka, léka, d. hlélka, lélka (1) to draw breath in audibly, to make hh. (2)
to sob, to breathe heavily: léggiita hiiméze she said while sobbing, 121, 4.
(3) to lap, to lap up Cf. hlépa.

Hlékosh, nom. pr. of a Klamath man: ‘“ Lapping up”, “ Lap- Water”, 141,
8.11. Der. hlékua; stands for Hlékuish.

hlékua, hla‘kua, d. hlehlakua to drink out of the hand, to draw water into
the mouth, to lap ; often used instead of hlépa, q. v.

hlila, Ifla, d. hl?hla, liVla; see lila.

hlintana, d. hlilantana to rub the sides or flanks against: 157; 37. Cf.
lalash, tilantana. _

hlivash, liwash, d. hlihliwash, lilfwash (1) a species of trees ; grows near
the Agency buildings. (2) basket, crate probably made of the wood of this
tree; large digger-basket hung over the shoulders to collect edible roots,
tubers and bulbs: 190; 19. Der. liwa

hlépa, hlt’pa, d. hlailipa (1) to lap, lap up, sip: watchag édshash h. the dog
is lapping milk (2) to eat in a brute-like manner: népatka tehipash h. they
sop up with their hands the tchipash-pulp, 149, 10. (8) to eat with a spoon.

hli’ka, hléka, d. hlohléka, hloléka (1) to snore. (2) to grunt.

hla’ kash, d. hlalikash; see lékash.

70 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

héa, héha, d. héhoa; same as htiwa, q. v.

héyeka, héyeza, d. héhieza to take a long leap, to leap far out, to jump into
distance ; different from hityeka, q. v.

héka, htka, d. héh’ka, héhh’ka (1) to breathe: késhga hikish he ts unable
to breathe, he is suffocated, choked or smothering. (2) to sigh heavily; to sigh.

hokampéle, d. hoh’kémpéli (1) to breathe in, to inspirate air. (2) to re-
gain consciousness, to come to life again, to breathe again. Der. hékna, -pélf.

hékansha, d. héb’kansha; see hikansha.

hoknd tkish, hit’knotch, d. huhakno’tkish nostrils of persons and animals,
lit. “breathing apparatus”. Der. hdkna

héksaska, d. hohdksaska to catch or capture by hand: kitash h. to catch a
louse on one’s own head Cf. kshikla.

hélaka, in gindla hélakank! run and come here! 182; 5, stands for hdlal-
kank running up to; cf. hdélalya.

hélalya, holdlka, d. hohalalya (1) to run fast, to run up to: ho'lalk tchawi'k
sandholiug he runs up to, desirous of a mad fight, 14; 28. (2) to run or
jump through: h. lilukshtat to gump through a fire.

holapka, d. hohdldpka (1) to leap or jump upon something. (2) to run up
hill, to ascend quickly.

héllaksh, hdélaksh pine-nut while provided with two wings similar to those
of the maple-seeds, 75, 4. Der. hula. Cf hudsha No. 2.

holufpka, d. hohalufpka to run up close to, to come near. Cf. hulladshui.

héné-shtshatish bee, lit. “honey-maker”; half English. Cf. bi.

Hépats, nom. pr. of a camping place on Sprague River; Indians inter-
pret it by “Passage to the timber”.

hépélitchna, d. huhdpélitchna to dodge missiles Ba jumping aside; ¢é
evade shots: ho'pélitsnank Ambutat (sa) géna while dodging arrows they ran
into the water, 20, 3. Cf gaméni.

hu, hd, hi’, abbr. , 6, 0’; pl. hidsha, hi’dsha (for hfi-sha), pron. dem.
this, this here; pron pers. he, she, it. Refers to animate beings and inani-
mate things within sight of the one speaking or supposed to be speaking;
used more frequently in Mod. than in Kl. Cf. ha ké-i ntish Iéla Mod.,
hak ai hfink ké-i ldla nfish KI. he does not believe me. We find it used as
follows: kafliak hii tupaks et he has no sister, 55, 15.; lapéni hai snawe-

héa—huashka. 71

dshala he married twice, 55, 16.; hiti'toks but he, 34, 5.; tcha’lish pawa hai
he cats like a porcupine, 190; 14.; ef. 40, 20. Hence it refers to persons
or objects mentioned immediately before, which therefore are present to
the mind of the speaker and of the hearer: hii gé-u léwitchta tpéwash he
(the conjurer) objected to my speaking, 34, 8.; cf. 36, 15.; ketchkaniénash 6’
gisht wéngga they died when he was an infant, 55, 21; ef. 56, 1. 184; 35. and
Note; hétaks tataksni these, those children previously alluded to, 141, 12.

hu, hd, hw’, u, fi, fi’, 0’, -u, (1) loc. adv., wp, above, up there, above there; par-
ticle often found suffixed to pronouns, affixed to verbs ete , and composing
a series of verbal suffixes. It refers to elevation above the soil or horizon,
to hills, mountains, to the flight of birds ete.: té’sh hu wiké nénu wafwash
tchflamnu? where is it, that up there watwash-geese are said to crowd to-
gether? 189; 3. Cf. atu for Ati ha (2) loc. adv., far off; in the distance ;
either visibly or so far as to be invisible: not on hand; in many instances
untranslatable in English: na’s wipka hii Ambotat one man retreated into
the water, 88, 7.; pagashtat hi milk wé worms live in moist ground; kuyt-
mashtat hii tidsh gét utchin in muddy water it is good to fish with nets; gé-v
hai gépkash when I reached there, 175; 19. Cf. 131, 3. and Note to 112,
11.12. (8) adv., right here, here, then, at that time, now; often not transla-
table in English, temporal and local at the same time, and having refer-
ence to local distance of the past, present, or future action from the person
speaking or supposed to speak. Stands almost exclusively, in KI. song-
lines and in the Mod. dialect, for hi/nk, hink KI.: ka-i hi maklaksh
pupashp@t’shlish gfi’shti liela the Indians do not kill (at present) black hogs,
128, 2.; tuhush 6 willaslina far away the mud-hen is sprawling, 185; 41.;
nti hti shlii’tila J scratched this ground, 157; 42., ef 91, 7.; hai’ (subj.) mish
hi’ shnekshituapka he will save you, 193; 11.; palak ish ha lalpalpalfat!
quick! make eyes for me at once! 154; 11.; gé-u hi mii’muatch, gé-u ha
nip, gé-u hai nii’sh gi these are my ears, this is my paw, this is my head ;
said in reference to a dog by a conjurer. Presence is marked by the
suffixed forms Att (for at hi), génu, gé-u, hinu, tami’, and others.

hudlka, d. huhudlka, 120, 4.; same as hiwalya, q_ v.

hudlta, hudltka, hudltoks; see walta, waltka, waltoks.

hudashka, d. huhudshka to keep away from, 139, 12. Cf. inuhudshka.

T2 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

hudékshin, hutékshin trunk to pack things in: hudeksinti tehfkémen
iron trunk-lining. Cf. utatchkia

huidsha, hi’tcha, hétcha, d. huhdtcha to run, to run fast, to rush within
sight of the one speaking or supposed: to speak: nkflank h. to run fast;
k4-i hii’'tsa (for hi’tsi, or hi’tsa i)! don’t run! 22, 7—Speaking of two or
three, tishtcha; of several or many, tinsha.

huidsha, d. huhidsha (1) seed of the white oak tree; lit. “it runs, it flies”;
called so on account of its wings. (2) fruit of the white oak; acorn. Der.
hidsha. See hidshnam.

hudshaltka, d. huhudshaltka to disappear, vanish: Wash h. the fog disap-
pears. Der. hidsha.

hidshampéli, d. huhddshampéli to run home, to jump out and run back:
hfitchampéli'ta when he had run back home, 112, 4. Der. hidshna, -péli.

huidshampka, d. huhddshampka to run away, to flee, to rush off unseen by
or at a distance from the one speaking.—Speaking of two, tishtchampka;
of many, tinshampka: tsti ktaital tinshampk Sé-at htk hereupon the Snake
warriors fled to the rocks (unseen by me), 29, 19. Der. hiidshna, q. v.

hudshipka, d. huhadshfpka to run towards, to rush up to: hitchipke
shliuapktiga she ran to shoot him, 55, 5. Der. hiidsha.

hudshna, hiutchna, ho’tchna, d. huhdtehna, huho’tchna (1) fo run, to
hurry; to run or rush away, to make off, to scamper off, to take to one’s heels
within sight of the one speaking or supposed to speak. Applies to one sub-
jectin KI. Hiutechant haf ni nen if I had run; hudshantak hii he will run
away; kila nad huhatchna we run, travel fast, Mod.; ké-i huhdtchantgi
(exhortat.) they must not run away, 54,&. Mod. Cf. 42, 15-17. 54, 7. 125, 4.
Ni hii'tsna tt’ I ran over there, 22, 4.; hi’tchanuapk! I shall rush over! 22,
8. Said of the young antelope, 177; 5., of other quadrupeds, 125, 4. 6. 9.
177; 10. 14., of the salmon, 177; 31. (2) fo pass, to pass by, to elapse ;
said of time.—Speaking of two or three, ttishtchna, 122, 5.; of many
subjects: tinshna, q. v.

hidshnam, hitchnam, d. huhddshnam white oak tree: Quercus alba; not
found in the vicinity of the Klamath lakes. Cf. hidsha No. 2.

hudsétcha, d. huhadsdétcha to ride on horseback while abroad, on a trip
or journey: hudshdétchipka to ride towards, 182; 3.

hudékshin—huyézedsha. 73

huggidsha, hukidsha, d. huhaggfdsha, huh’kidsha (1) to go around some-
thing ; to revert, to turn back. (2) to regain health, to be convalescent: atttt
huggi’dsha! now I am getting better! 175; 18.

huggitko, d. huhagei'tko deaf.

huikini, d. huhuikfni to run up into timber, woods, cliffs or recesses.

huikinsha, d. huhuikinsha to run away from, as from a river, lake,
prairie, hill into the woods.——Speaking of two or a few, tishikinsha; of
many subjects, tini’kinsha Der. huikini. Cf. guikinsha.

huizansha, d. huhufyansha to run along a stream or river against its cur-
rent —Speaking of two, tushi’yansha; of many subjects, tini’yansha

hufzipéle, d. huhutzipéle to hurry, to run, jump or scamper out of again,
oS 6. ie) Ch oniyt

huishipéle, d. huhtishipéle to threaten, menace. Cf. hushasha.

huit, pl timi h., wheat; grain of cereals: hiitam nish ear of Indian corn
(maize), wheat etc. From English wheat.

httiya, hu-fya (1) near, near by, close to: wash a nadlsh géluipk h. the prairie-
wolves approach near to our home. (2) for awhile, not along time. (3)
interj.: don’t do it! used in a prohibitory sense, 30, 3. 4.; nd-asht nti hém-
tan “hu-fya” hi’/nksh I told him not to doit H. is the radix of wika near,
is used as verbal suffix (see Note to 19, 4.) and has no d. form.

hiyaha, huyd-a, d. huhfyaha (1) to rush away from, to run away: wash a
et’ n’sh h. the prairie-wolf runs away from me, 184; 32. 34. (2) to hide,
conceal oneself, 186; 57 —Speaking of more than one subject, g4yaha, q. v.

huyd-edsha, d. huhid-edsha to run past, to run by within sight: tché-u
K’mit‘kamtchash h. the antelope ran past before K’miukamtch, 126, 9.

huyéga, d. huhayéga to sit, to be seated in the distance: shla-4 Aishishash
huyégank she saw Aishish sitting, 96, 5. Cf. htyaha.

huyéga, d. huhiéga to rise up, to stand up suddenly, to rise to one’s feet ; lit.
“to begin to leap”, 42, 8 Speaking of a few, tushi¢ga; of many subjects,
tiniéga, q. v.

hiyeka, hiiyeza, hui-iza, d. htithieza (1) to skip up high, to gump or leap
high. (2) torun up hill. (3) to climb, to climb up, as wild beasts —Speaking
of many subjects, tinizi, q. v. Cf hdéyeka.

huyézedsha, d huhiézedsha to jusnp high while running: nti h. himboks
I jumped over a log. Der. hiyeka. Cf. shuyuyiéga.

74 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

huiyuka, d. hthiuka to heat, to make hot or incandescent: h. sha kta-i they
heat stones, 82, 6. 8. 112, 21.

ht’ k, hak, hik, 6’k, obj. hi/nkiash, hi’nkesh, hf’nksh, hi’nk; pl hi’ksha,
hiksa (1) pron. dem. that, that one, yon, yonder; pl. those; referring to
anim and inan. (but not inflected when alluding to inan.) things re-
moved from sight, or supposed to be unseen by the one speaking and
distant from him, but present to his mind. Shui’sh hfi‘k those magic songs,
83, 5.; hu’k this (distant) man, 101, 10.; shnilas toks hi’k p’lafwasham
though that (nest) was the nest of the eagle, 100, 9.; hi’ksha nakush-
kshakshni those who dwelt at the dam, 132, 3. Cf. 20, 17. 65, 11. 66, 10.
H. may also refer to the dead or their spirits, when they are thought to
be far away: pil mdklaks ht’k only a dead Indian, 129, 2. 7. 130, 1. 2 and
Note. Only when connected with gék, hita, h. can mean proximity:
hi’k gée this man here before us, 95, 10. 158; 54.; Itielat hi/nksh hi’t!
kill ye this fellow! 190; 15. (2) pron. pers. anim. and inan., he, she, it;
pl they; used in the same way as the pron dem: ké-i hak héméni he
did not wish, 55, 13.; hink kuihégshash shitko shpunkénka she kept him
at home like an orphan, 55, 18.; hak ka-A shéllual he fought bravely, 56, 1.;
cf. 16, 15. 24, 18.; tsti keds& hak then it grew up, 100, 7.; ati hak, ké-i
wiga tt is far, not near; tchi’ hink hii’ksha gi so they said, 95, 11.; hfi’ksha
gatpa they have reached, 122, 16.; at hi’ksa ti’m waltka tankt herewpon
they had a long talk, 23, 3.

hak, huk, hii‘k, adv. loc and temp. simultaneously; untranslatable in Eng-
lish, but generally referring to the past tense and to acts performed in
presence or absence of the one speaking or supposed to speak: kokdlam
hak paélkuish mfind ti the dry bed of a river was deep below (us), 21, 15.;
na dshak hak hishuékshlank K’muikamtchash one only consorted with K’mi-
kamtch, 95, 11.; At toks hik Afshish shisha but now Adshish became lean,
95, 14.; genti’l a hi’k und tatakshni the children left long ago, 121, 12.;
hi’k Kayutchish gatpa Gray Wolf arrived, 131, 5.; tat i hfik a shayan-
tildsha? wherefrom did you carry off under your arm? 186; 50. Cf. 101,
11. and tehttyuk.

htika, d hih’ka to run about; to run or rush to or towards: hi’/kank running

around, 186; 54.; connected with the poss. case: ni’sh liwii’-tla hi-

hiyuka—hukfsh. 15

kuapksht ki’kalam palkui’sham they did not permit me to run across the
dry bed of the river, 22, 5.—Speaking of many subjects, gdka (not tinya).

hukdya, d. huhakdya, huh’kdya to run into, to retire to the timber, bush,
woods, to inaccessible places: tchitchak Ankutat h. the squirrel climbs around
the trees, lives among the trees; hukaydpka to run into distant woods, to dis-
appear in the bush, 23, 19 21—Speaking of two or three, tushkAya; of
many, tinyaya. Cf. gakdéya, huikini, huik{nsha.

hukaytla, d. huhakayila to run out from bushes, woods, recesses or hiding
places.—Speaking of two or three subjects, tushkaytla; of many, tin-
kaytila, 23, 11. Cf. gakayula.

hukak, pl. hi’kshak, obj. hénkak the same, the identical one; lit. “he, she
only”: hikak ya gé’n hi’shkanka kitchkani I think it is the same small
one; likak a gék the same person (present); hinkak hé i shuéntchash
hémta? did you speak to the same child? Mod.; hi’nk shitko hak exactly in
the same manner. From hii‘k, ak.

hukampéli, d. huhdkampéli to hurry, run, rush out again; to run to the
former place, 112, 14—Speaking of two, ti/shkampéli, 120, 12. 15.; of
many subjects, tingampéli. Der. hika.

hukampéli; same as hokAmpéle, q. v. Der. héka.

hukansha, hokansha, d. huhdkansha to run, to jump out of, to leave hur-
riedly, to depart in haste: mfi’-ie pfi’tan hikansha the mole ran out half-
smothered, 127, 7.—Speaking of two or three, tii’shkansha; t. ki‘métat they
ran out of the cave, 122, 4.; of many, tinzansha, 23, 14. Cf. gékansha.

hukanshdmpéli, d. hih’kanshdmpéli to run out of again, 112, 11.:
hi’kantchimpélok for the purpose of hurrying out again, 112, 10.—Speak-
ing of two or three, tishkanshampéli; of many subjects, tinganshampéli.

hukf, hakt, pron. der. and refl., referring to the bodily or mental con-
dition of the person spoken of: he within himself, she by herself; inessive
case of ht’k: huki’ ki-i gi she gets worse “within”, 68, 7. Cf. huni.

huikian, hi-kianki, pron. pers. and refl., he for himself, she by herself, it
Jor itself: h. késhga hémkanksh he is hoarse. Der. hu or hii‘k, -giangein.

hukiétansha, d. huhakiétansha to run past, to pass by quickly.

hukish, d. hul’kish (1) breathing, respiration, breath. (2) spirit, animal
life: h. gékansha the spirit or soul departs; géna mi at h. now your life is
ended, 87, 15. (3) beating of pulse, pulsation. Der. héka.

76 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

htikna, d. huhdkna to run out, to rush out of. Der. hika.

huikéntiksht, 113, 22.; contr. from htih’nunk gisht, periphr. of hikna.

hukshi, d. huhdkshi to surrender, give oneself up to, 55, 14.: hii ka-i h.
nash i if you do not surrender to us.

hi’ ksht, o’ksht, obj. ha’nksht, pl. hi’kshtsha, (1) pron. dem., that one,
those. (2) pron. pers., he, she, they; referring to persons unseen, far off,
absent or thought to be at a distance, 192; 7 and Note. Cf. hii’nksht.

hi’kt, hikt; obj. ha’nkt, q. v., pl. hfi’ktsha, (1) pron. dem, that, that one;
those ; referring to absent persons and distant things: wii’kaltk hii‘kt ki this
one (wife) had a child, 96, 1. (2) pron. pers.: he, she; they; used like the
pron. dem.: h. pil na‘dshek he (Plt) was the only man, 66, 10.; h. shéllual
he made war (just after a hiik), 56, 1.; h. tidsh tinya he succeeds well, 134, 18.

hi’ktaga, hi‘ktag, a term of familiarity: this little one; this child or young
one, 96, 15. 121, 23. Dim. hii’kt.

hi’ktakaga, hi’ktakag, a term of familiarity: “that little one”, used by
the antelopes to designate Old Grizzly, 121, 22. 122,7. Dim. hi’ktaga.

htilhe, ha’lhi, d. huhalhe to enter, run into, rush into: i-A-uka hi/Ihiank run-
ning into other people’s houses, 184; 26.; kaydta h. he runs into the small
wigwams, 183; 18.; mi’-fie ndyanta wa‘shtat h the mole ran into another
hole or den, 127, 7. Cf. 127, 5.

hulhekanka, hulhikanka, d. huhalhekanka to run into continually, to rush
into frequently, 183; 18

hulflya, d huhalflya to fly near the ground, 183; 25. Cf. hilya.

hulfpéli, hulhfpéle, d. huhalfpéli (1) to hurry into again, to re-enter in
haste. (2) to run or rush into, as into the windings of a chasm, narrow
vale, 23, 15.; into one’s own lodge, 121, 9.—Speaking of two or three,
ti’shlipéli; of many subjects, tilhipéli. Der. hihe, -péli.

hulya, d. huhdlya to stop on the way, to make short stops while traveling, as
birds do in their flight.

hulladshui, hulddshui, d. huhalladshui to run up to, to approach in haste,
96, 16.: pen h. K’mukémtchash he ran up again to K’mikamtch, 96, 14.

hulladshuitadmna, d. huhalladshuitamna to run up to and back again,
continually, 96, 13.

huimasht, d. humdmasht, hih’masht; the latter used sometimes in Mod,
>] ’ ?

hikna—htin. T7

(1) adv., thus, so, in this manner, in such a way: nanka ké-i h. shewdnat
others did not give in this manner (as he did), 66, 10.; h. lalaéki né-ulakta
Kakdshash thus did the chiefs punish Doctor John, p. 64 (title); h. shapash
la’pi shuteyégatk so were the moons made at first, p. 105 (title). Cf.
65, 12. 120, 8. 139, 12. (2) interj., that’s so! that’s the way! that is right!
h. tidsh, or h. toks tidsh! that’s good! 139, 14.; ef. 182; 7. Cf humasht
gi, himtchi.

huimashtak, d. humdmashtak, adv, equally, in the same manner, just as ;
lit “thus only”: h. na‘d ka-i hi’shkankuapk just as we would not mind it,
139, 5.; h. correl. with wakaktoksh in the same manner ... as, 139, 10.; h.
giuga therefore, hence, 91, 7.; humdshtak ni shnikélui-udpka in the same man-
ner I shall remove him from his post, 59, 15. Cf 64, 15. 134,15 18. 139, 8.

humdasht gi, humdashtgi, d. humdmasht gi (1) fo do so, to act in this man-
ner: h. gisht therefore, for that reason, 135, 4.; h.-gisht shnt’kp'lisht because
he took her back, 61, 10.; h. gi’‘nk (for giank) by so doing, 96, 18. 119, 10.;
h. giug on that account, therefore, 61, 21. 103, 4.; on this subject, 78, 6.; h.
shahunk gfug for the same reason, 134, 4., lit “for doing so, for acting
thus”; cf. 139, 7; h. gi stands for h. giug, 75, 2.; h. giulank, Mod. h. giu-
lan, after doing so, having acted thus ; tchui sha h. gi‘ulank pataémpka having
achieved this they begin to eat, 149, 9. Cf 94, 8 96, 21. 99, 6. 149, 7. (2)
to say so, to agree, to assent, to give one’s assent: léwitchta humashtgish he
refused his assent to, 36, 13.; késhga nt hin h. kish I cannot consent to this,
42, 6. Cf gi, himasht, né-ashtgi.

huimtsantka, adv., in the same manner, just so, equally ; instr. of himtchi:
nash wa’k shli’tk ha’mtsantkak another was shot in the same manner im the
arm, 24, 8.; the suffixed -k is gi, was

himtchi, hi’mtsi, obl. himtcha, adj., (1) alike to this; like him, her, it,
them; like that thing, like those things. (2) such, such one, one of the same
kind, one of that sort, one in that condition: hiimtchi ki 2t as of the same kind,
126, 9.; gé-u tehish h. gi! LT have caught one of that ik! hi’mtcha kaélak
one of the kind called relapses, 72, 3.; ha'mtcha gti'l the kol-root in this state,
condition, 147, 9.; ha’mtcha hishudtchyash a husband of this description,
186; 54. Der. hin, -ptchi. Cf. gémptchi.

hin, hi’n, (1) pron, dem., that thing, that object ; refers to inan. things pres-

78 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ent, visible, or to acts, words, speeches, ete and things of an abstract
nature: hii h. hashtaltampka stina’sh he owns this house, Mod.; h. humasht
kish to consent to this, 42, 6.; l6loksgish mi h. élk! lay down your rifle! 37, 6.
Cf. 110, 1. and a quotation under gi’shala. When referring to persons,
it seems abbr. from hfink, hii’nk; cf. 65, 9. 97, 1. and O/nish. Hinta (for
himtala) thus, 104, 4. and Note, also a quotation under hita. (2) pron.
pers., @f, for inan. things, corresponding to the hi’k as used in relation to
anim. beings: h. hishkanka to mind it, 139, 4.

hun, hin, adv. simultaneously loc. and temp., usually marking past tense:
h. tehékéli kititchna they spilled the blood, 13, 8.; ts{ sa hi’n ki so they said,
100, 13.; tank htin shellualtampka hence began the war, 37, 10.; tchildlat
hin fwam they will boil berries, 75, 8. Cf. 95, 2. 121, 2. Connected with
imperatives in Mod. songs: 193; 11. 12. Cf. hank (ady.) un.

hundmasht, inter) marking surprise: is that so? indeed? Mod.

huna’shak, abbr. himshak, hintsak, hinsak, d. huhandshak, adv, the
various meanings of which are based on the fundamental signification:
“for no apparent reason”. (1) groundlessly, unreasonably, in vain, foolishly,
absurdly: h. hi hémkanka he talks silly things; hi’ndsak tchi fnsh spéi'Thi
Jor no reason you thus imprison me, 64, 16.; for no real cause, 38, \7. 59,
16. 64,10. (2) falsely, abusively: h. shéshatko he has a nickname. (3)
gratuitously, for nothing, scot-free, without pay: h. pé'lpeli to work for no
compensation, 35,18. (4) accidentally, fortuitously: h. ni shnika I obtained
by mere chance. (5) unawares: h. ktiuléya he was knocked down unawares.
(6) “I do not know”, in reply to a query like: “What will you do?” Cf.
tud lish? what is the matter? or: what do you want? hinsak: ‘‘nothing”, lit.
“your question is to no avail”: hinsak vila ii—In the Nisqualli Selish
language patlatl corresponds exactly to h.; ef. G. Gibbs’ Dictionary, in
Contrib. No. Am. Ethnol. I, p. 339, under “nothing”.

hundred, English term substituted for ta-unépni td-unep: tind h. one hun-
dred, 90, 1. 3.; vimépni h. shfi’Idshish four hundred soldiers, troops, 37, 20.

huni, hi’nitak, pron. pers. and refl., ix his or her own mind, by himself or
herself: sli‘popk hi/nitak he was aware, he knew; lit. “he observed by
himself”, 107, 14. 108, 5. Cf. huki.

hink, hi’nk, pl. hi’nksha; obj. of sing. and pl. héi’nkiash, hi’nkiésh,

hon —honk: 79

hinkish, ha’nksh, hi’nk, hank, tink (1) pron. dem. this, this one. (2) pron.
pers he, she, it—Used very unfrequently in the subj. cases, but in the obl.
cases referring to anim. beings (and in the form hunk to inan. things also)
present and visible or supposed to be so: hinkiash tunepii’nash sha’tla
he lured these five (men), 44, 2.; léloksgish hinkish ti’tyi! disarm him of
his rifle! 37, 9.; i a-i tawi hinksh you have bewitched her, 68, 10.; shli’t i
hi’nks! you shoot him! 107, 14.; ha’nksh vi’shat he will flee before him,
147, 13.; nii’dskank ht’nk ubd-ush while applying that piece of skin, 73, 4.;
shliutuapkug hi’nk for the purpose of firing at him, 66, 12 ; hi’nk nti nen
gi IT mean him, her; hi’nk sa kiuksas ii’mpéle tchi’shtal they brought that
conjurer back to his lodge, 69,2. Here h refers to a dead person, and
like hi’t, hi’nksht, it is often used in this sense to avoid giving the name
of the deceased: hik pil unk shla’t shki’ks dead persons only can see the
spirits, 129, 1. Cf 68, 5. 10. 87, 1. 11. 12. 129, 4-7. and Note to 64, 1.
It is not always easy to distinguish, whether h. is the pron. or the adv.,
ef. tchi’'tantki giug hi’nk shillalpksh to have the one treated who fell sick,
65, 18.; ef. 64, 5. 11. 101, 16. Locat. case: hinkant (Ankutat) ts’hdlam-
nank sitting against that tree, 30, 12.; shni’lashtat hi’/nkant im that nest,
101, 13.; partit. case: pi hi’nkanti shéwana he gave (him) of that (meat),
113, 10.; cf. 30, 21.; instr.: hinkantka ubé-ushtka by means of that piece
of buckskin, 73, 2.; hinkantka waitashtka the same day, 87, 2. Cf. hu,
ht’k, hinkanti.

hink, hi’nk, tink, adv. simultaneously loc. and temp., referring to acts
performed or states undergone in the distance and proximity, most fre-
quently in the past tense, but sometimes in the present and future tense
also; not translatable in English. Connected with intransitive verbs we
find it in: nt h. tii’ma I was hungry; at h. p&n pala-ash ye were eating
bread; makliks h nanuk wawdpkan the Indians all sitting around, 14, 5.;
wak ih. giug ké-i tina gii’mpéle? why did you not go home yesterday? sha
h. spt’klitcha they start out for sweating, 88, 3; i tink hémkanka you were
talking. With transitive verbs it occurs in: lakf p’nd h. shfi’ldshash hi-
hashudlyan the commander then placing his soldiers in ambush, 14, 3.; né-
ulya h gé’n he resolved, 94, 3.; h. na-a’sht gi Afshish so said Aéshish,
95, 21.; tank a nti h. shi’ktga I struck myself sometime ago with the hand

80 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

or fist; i ndish tila h. wudt’ka ht’nksh you and I struck him with a club;
cf. 59, 22. 65, 6. 66, 1. 73, 8. 95, 10. 19. Of. the adverbs: hu, hik,
tchfhunk, tchig’hunk, tehttyunk.

hunkaya, d. huhankaya to fly on, to fly towards or upon, as upon bushes,
trees, rocks ete.: p’lafwash h. kapkatat the golden eagle flew upon the pine-
tree, 100, 7. Cf. gakaya, tchaggaya.

hinkanka, d. huhdnkanka (1) to run habitually or repeatedly: hohank-
ankatk lilhanks the running animals, quadrupeds (viz: animals neither swim-
ming, nor creeping, nor jumping), 145, 1. (2) to fly habitually: dnkutat
tchia ndnuktua huhdinkankatko on trees live all kinds of birds ; cf. 145, 8.—
Speaking of two or three: tishkanka, of many: tinkanka, 80, 7.

hinkanti, hunkganti, hi’nkant (1) partitive case of hiink, q. v. (2) adv.
and conj.: thereby, therefore, on that account, for that reason: h sawika he
became angry for this reason, 19, 8.; ef 21, 4.; h. wishink hiiméze on this
subject the garter-snake said, 103, 8.; hunkanti’ thereat, 58, 14.; hi/nkant
tchish a wi-uka on that account also they win, 80, 4. Cf. 96, 14. 21. 103, 11
Hi’/nkant is also locat. case, and then is abbr. from hi’nkantat; see the
pronoun hiink.

hunkantchi’ on account of that, for this reason, considering that, 59, 1.
Contr. from hinkanti tché’. Cf. tché.

hinkélam, pron. poss. of the third pers. sing.: his, her or hers, its. It is
the poss. case of hii’nk, q. v., and refers to anim. and inan. objects sup-
posed to be in closer proximity to the one speaking than with p’ndlam:
h. p’gi’shap ats mother, 91, 4. 5.; h. wéash his or her child, 85, 16.

hunkélamsham, syncop. KI.: hi/nkiamsham, hi/nkimsham, pron. poss.
of the third pers. pl.: their, theirs (anim. and inan.). It is the poss. case
of hinksha, pl. of hi’nk, which has to be compared for its signification:
sht’dshash hinki4msham while a camp-fire was kept wp by them, 119, 21.
Sham stands for h. in 122, 17. Cf. 111, 19. and hinkélam.

hunkélamskni, pl. hunkélémshamskni coming, proceeding from, belong-
ing to his or her place, house, lodge, 20, 18. Contr. from hunkélamkshkni.

hi’nksht, pl. hi’nktsha, but more frequently hi’ktsha, obj. cases sing.
and pl. of hu’ksht, htiiksht that, that one, referring to anim. beings absent
or supposed to be at a distance and invisible: nii’-ulya h. Pa’lam snawii’-
dsas they tried that wife of Ball, 78, 9. Stands also for the pers. pronouns

hunkaya—hvw' pélansha. 81

him, her, it, them: tankt nat siuga h at last we killed him, 23, 2.; kayak h.
shéwanank giving nothing to him, 113, 8.; h. kaltchitchikshash heshuam-
pélitki giug that the spider-remedy would cure him, 72, 4. Cf. 59, 11.

huinkt, sing. and pl. obj. case of hi’kt, hikt: that thing, those things; or
as pron. pers.: it, them. Refers to inan. objects which are far off or in-
visible, or supposed to be so by the one speaking: nfi a edlya h. I gave
names to those objects.

hi’/nktak, hinktoks, obj. case sing. and pl. of pron. dem and pers. ht’k-
tak: anim. and inan. (1) with emphatic signification: him, her, it, them:
hi’nktoks nf hfishkénka ma/ntchnish all these things of the past I recollect.
(2) with refl signification: himself, herself, itself, themselves.

hintakia, d huhdntakia to fly upon, to rush down upon: yaikal hi’nta-
kiank shnii‘ka tchikash the white-headed eagle rushing down catches a bird.

hintish, d. huhéntish a butterfly, whose caterpillar is called széshish and
the chrysalid pt/lzuantch, q. v. Cf. hantchna.

huintsak, 59, 16; same as hunashak, q. v

huntch4mpéli, d. huhantchimpéli to fly back or home, to return by flying ;
said of the shké-bird, 177; 21.

huntehipka, d. huhantchipka to fly towards, 183; 25.

huintchna, héntchna, d huhdntchna (1) to fly or soar in a straight line,
177; 21.; said of night birds, 145, 7. (2) to fly, to soar away, 144, 5. 6.
(3) to fly or flutter around; said of certain species of butterflies, one of
which is called hintish, q. v.

hunu, hi’/nfi, pron dem : that thing before me or you. Cf génu from gén.

hi’ nua, d. huhadnua to fly while skimming the waves, to fly while half in the
water: taplal w6-a hi’nfiank mii stéi’tyantko loud is the loon’s cry when he
skims the wave-crests, 183; 24.

hupakléza, d. huhapaikléza to meet while running, to run against: tsti ni
h. lap a hihassuaksas while I was running I encountered two men, 23, 16.—
Speaking of two or three, tishpakléza; of many subjects, timpakléza

hi’ pélansha, d. huhdpélansha to run or rush alongside of, as along the
course of a river and in the direction of its current: tstti ni hopélansa and
I followed the river, 23, 16.—Speaking of two or a few, ti’shp’lansha; of
many, timp’lansha. Der. hi'ta, -péli. Cf. huiyansha.

82 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

huipka, d. huhapka éo be in a condensed state; to be thick, heavy, strong: mu
h. Iiash the fog is very thick; hipkan kto’dsha a heavy rain falls; mt
hupkatk paishash heavy storm-cloud, cloud-burst, Lat.: imber; mii hipkatk
kaildlapsh trousers of thick material (cloth, buckskin ete.); tyépo pat
hupkatko as thick as the thumb.

htisha, d. huhdsha to remember, recollect ; to think of: skaki’sh m’na hi’shik
remembering his heirloom, 100, 2. Cf. héwa, shéwa.

hushaka, d. huhashaka fo drive out, as animals out of holes, dens, recesses
etc., 127, 8. Der shi’ka.

hushakgiolétkish, d. huhishakgiolétkish key, door-key, lit. ‘“un-
locker”. Kl. Der. hushakidéla.

hushakia, hushdékia, d. hukshakia (for huh’shakia) to lock, as a door,
trunk ete.; when door is the object, kafshtish can be added to the verb.

hushakidéla, hushokidle, d. hukshakidla to wnlock.

hushakidétkish, contr. hushakio’tch, d. huhashakidtkish (1) key; door-key.
KI and Mod. (2) lock, door-lock, Mod., lit. ‘‘locking-tool”. Der. hushakia.

hushdanualksh, d. huhashdénualksh paper kite; balloon. Der nuwalya

hushasha, d. huh’shasha to threaten with a blow, to make a motion to hit.

hushatsa, d. huhashatsa (1) to ride fast. (2) to go and ride, to start on a ride.

hushatchipgapéli to throw up again after swallowing: hanshish h. to
throw up the sucked-out object, 68, 6.

hushénish, d huhashénish horse-race. Der. hushini-a.

hushgaptcha, d. huhashgdptcha, v. trans., to satisfy, to please somebody.

hushinii-a, hushina-a, apoc. hushina, d. huhash{ni-a, huhashina (1) to
race horses, to start or arrange a horse-race, to take part in it. A law of the
Klamath Lake tribe interdicts these races: 59, 22.; hushina 1-4? do you
race any horses? (2) to have a foot-race.

hi’ shka, d. huhdshka to run or swim away.

hushka (u long), d. huhtshka to think, reflect, study: tua i hishka? what
do you think about it? Der. hisha. Cf. hishkanka.

hushkaknéga, d. huhashkaknéga to soil or besmear oneself, to get dirty.
Der. kaknéga.

hushkalka, d. huhashkdlka, v. trans., to insert into the perforated nose,
as a dentalium-shell (ttitash). Cf. shelzish.

hipka—hushnata. : 83

hushkdélya, hushydlya, d. luhashzdlza (1) to lay, to stretch out; to lay on
the ground. (2) to put to bed, bring to bed, as babies, patients etc. Der.
skilya.

hushkalyandtko of diversified colors, showing various colors.

hushkanka, d. huhdshkanka (1) to think, to think over, to reflect: tidsh
h. to have good intentions, 93, 8. (2) to remember, recollect, 82, $2. (8) to
mind: ka-i tehin wak 0’skank JI do not resent it much, I am not very angry
about this matter, I don’t mind it in any way, 65, 1. Cf. 139, 5. Der.
hishka. More in use than hishka and hisha. Cf. héwa, képa, shéwa.

huishkanksh, d. huhdshkanksh (1) thinking, thought, idea, reflection. (2)
power of reflection, intellect, mind, will (in 139, 2. it stands for ‘ kingdom”):
itak hai w4k gi mftok h.! do what you please! Mod.; hfshuaksh talanish
ak h. gitko a man of well-balanced mind, Mod. Cf. kézpash.

hushkitittanka, d huhashkittanka (1) fo bring together. (2) to make live
together: hushkia’tankpéle to cause to live together again, 78, 6. Der.
shktyui. Cf. hushtittanka No 1.

hushkifitka, d. hikshkiitka, 78, 12 ; same as hushkitittanka, q_v.

hushzyakta, d. hthashyakta to demand, charge, ask for money or valuables.

hushliamna, d. huhashlfamna to hand over to all around, to put in the
hands of all: té’kish shash huhashlfamna he put swords in all their hands,
113, 19. Der. shulfa.

hushlinsha, d. huhashlinsha (1) to run away from, to abandon, relinquish.
(2) to step down from the horse, mule. (3) to leave at home, in the camp.—
Speaking of two or three, tushlinsha; of many objects, tilfnsha, q. v.

hushlta, d. huhdshlta (1) to comport oneself, the French ‘se porter”; all
these verbs being used of the state of one’s health: nf tidsh h. gén waitash
I feel well to-day; wak i héshlta? how do you do? tidsh, ki-i h nai I am
im good, bad health, or: kt-ian’sh h I feel unwell (2) to be in good health,
to do well (without the adv. tidsh) Der. shléta.

hushmod’kla; d. huhashmd‘kla (1) ¢o weed or pluck out the hair on beard
or body, 90, 5. (2) to shave oneself Der. smo‘k.

hushmoklétkish, d huhashmdklétkish, any instrument for removing
hair. (1) pincer to pluck out hair on body, beard ete. 90, 5. (2) razor.

hushnata, d. huhashnita, v. trans. and impers., to burn oneself on part of

84. KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

body: hh. an’sh spéluish I burnt myself on the indea-finger ; nutak ne'p h. I
burnt my hand. Der. shnita.

hushnya, d. huhdshnga (1) to seize, grasp each other. (2) to shake hands ;
nép hands is usually added to this verb. Der. shntika, q. v.

hushnd’ka, d. huhashno’‘ka fo bake, to cook. Der. shnuya.

hushdékanka, hushikanka, d. huhashékanka to ride upon, the object be-
ing added: pia h. gé-u watch he rode my horse; gépke i tul’ i’sh hushékank
ik a watchatka! come and take a ride with me!

hushélalya, d. huhh’shélalya to prance about, to ride around, 183; 22.

hushétpa, d. huhashétpa to ride up to; to arrive on horseback, 66, 14.

hushétehna, d. huhashétchna, hubh’shdtehna (1) to ride fast, to gallop.
(2) to ride on horseback; watchtat, watchat ‘‘on a horse” is added some-
times. Der. shuidshna.

hushpali, hushpalhi, d. huhashpalhi to lock oneself up or in. Der. spuli.

hushpantehna, d. huhashpdntechna to walk arm in arm. Der. sptinshna.

hushpdnua, d. huhashpdnua to make drink, give to drink: ni a watchash
Ambit h. I give the horse to drink. Der. binua.

hushpadtehta, d huhashpatehta fo scare, to frighten, 41,17. Cf. hishtza.

hushp f’tza, d. huhashpt'tza to put the legs apart. Cf. pé’tch. Der. stilka

hushtanka, d. huhashtanka to meet, when both parties are walking or
coming towards each other, 40, 13: Médoki’shash h. Kéketat he met the
Modocs on Lost River, 33, 2.; ef. 40, 16. 41, 9-19. 111, 13. Cf. gélidanka.

hushtapka, d. huhashtépka (1) to stab each other, 114, 2 3 (2) to stab
oneself; to prick, puncture oneself. (8) to strike, stab back. Der. stupka.

hushtétish, d. huhashtétish (1) tracing, painting, picture; lit. “seratch-
ing”. (2) portrait of somebody: miut (mi htt) h. this is the portrait of your
own self. Kl. for hushtéwash Mod. Der. hushtiwa.

hushti ktamna, d. huhashti’ktamna to dream frequently, 83, 3.; to dream
habitually. Der. tuiza, -tamna.

hushtiza, d. huhashtiza to make somebody dream, 129, 2. Der. tuiza.

hushtiwa, d. huhashtiwa (1) to seratch each other with a sharp instru-
ment, pin, needle ete.; to prick, puncture, stab each other. Mod. hushtfyua.
(2) to scratch, prick, puncture somebody or something. Der. téwi.

hushtka, d. huhdshtka to stab oneself: h. watitka he stabbed himself with a
knife. Der. sttka.

hit. 85

hushnya

hushtya, d. huhdshtza (1) to scare, frighten, make fear: tehaki a h. né-
yents the boy scares another ; h.i n’sh you frightened me. (2) to threaten with
a blow or blows. Der tika Cf. hushpatchta.

hushtlina, d. huhashtlina to quarrel; to be wroth, angry: nanya huhasht-
lina some (of us) were quarreling, 23, 7. Der. stulf

husht6/1lki, d. huhashto’lki to pile up, heap up, accumulate, as when gather-
ing up the fire, coals. Cf. shid‘lyi, shutualsha.

hushtépakta, d. huhashtipakta (1) to draw forth, pull out: h. ldloksgish
to draw forth the rifle, 19,9. (2) to prepare for battle, to be ready for the fight ;
to be on the point of attacking Cf. shuktapka, stipka.

hushtpétehka, d. huhashtpdtchka; same as hashpatchka, q. v.

hushtchéka, hushtsd’ya, d. huhashtchéka (1) to kill, to murder each other,
108, 5. (2) to cause to perish, to put to death; to kill, murder, exterminate,
generally used when speaking of more than one object, 88, 7. 9. 10. and
Note; 93, 7.: nanka Sa’t hi’shtchok some of the Snake Indians were killed,
28, 10.; E-ukskni téi’m hi’shtchoy Méatuashash the Klamath Lakes killed
(in war) many Pit River Indians, 19, 1. Cf. 16, 8. 17, 2. 9. 14. 28, 6.
69, 1. (one person) 133, 8. 134, 8. Der. tchdka.

hushtcho'k’huya, hustsdkuya fo kill a few only, 19, 4. and Note.

hushf’dsha, d. huhashtdsha; same as hushatsa, q. v.: hushétchipka to
ride fast or gallop towards; to ride up to, 189; 4. Der. shtdsha. Cf. hu-
shétchna.

hush@é’ktgi, d. hub’shi’ktgi to inmake hurry up; to arouse for the start, to
set a going, to force to go. Der. shika.

hushuttanka, d. huhashttanka (1) fo tie together, strap up. (2) to secure
a wild or runaway horse or other animal. KJ. for hushudtanka Mod.

hushttanka, d. huhashttanka to go to meet secretly, to approach on the sly,
to rejoin clandestinely, 110, 1. and Note Der. hitanka. Cf shawaltanka

hit, hat, ho't, pl. hi’dsha (from hi't-sha), pron. dem.: this, this one, the one
here; pl. these, these here. Refers to anim. and inan. objects of a long or
elongated exterior, as persons, quadrupeds, birds, arrows, poles, fires ete.
seen in close proximity or at a short or moderate distance only, or sup-
posed to be near: kanf h gi? who is this man standing before us? h. lali’ga

Tuhushash it remained sticking on Mud-Hen here, 97, 1; gé-u ah. hiinii-

86 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

sish this here is my long magic arrow, 164; 3., cf. 183; 19.; hit An’sh td’
shli/kshga this (boy here) well nigh shot me out there, 109, 16.; K’mukdémts
a ho't ki! this one here is K’mikamtch! 100, 13 ; bat tchi’ka-ag (his) old
mother here, 158; 54.; hit na’sht shi’shatk pi’shash this (bird before you)
is called humming-bird, 177; 25. In the same sense it may stand also for
our pers. prons. he, she, it, they. Modoes use hii instead of hifi’t, and the
pl. hu’dsha is at the same time the pl. of hi and hi’t: hf’dshatoks but those
persons who, 87, 9. Ht't also refers to the dead, when they (or their
spirits) are supposed to exist at a small distance only: 64, 1. 9. and Note
to 64, 1.

htt, hfi’'t, adv. referring to the same class of objects as described under
pron. hit, and appearing, or supposed to appear visibly either close by or
at some distance from the one speaking: (1) right here, close by: hit ka
shashgt'tkish gépka here an old beggar comes. (2) over there, yonder, in the
distance: hi't mélam p’gi’shap shiidsha over there your mother built a fire,
119, 20; ké-i hia’t la/loks Afshisham nii‘ta it is not Atshish’s fire which
burns out there, 100, 18.

huta, hi’ta, (u short) d. huhdta (1) v. intr., to gwmp up, to run, to start on a
run. (2) v. trans., to rush upon.

hutala, d. huhatala to run against with a hostile intention. Der. hiita.

hutalya, d. huhatalya to run or rush towards, to rush at: boi hutalék mish,
Mod., he rushes at you aggressively. Der. hitala

hutampka, d hth’tampka (1) to run into distance. (2) to run off near to, to
approach closely while running, the indirect object to be added: yafnatat to
the hills or mountains.—Speaking of two or a few, ta’shtampka, 23, 15.;
of many, tintampka. Der. hitta.

hutdimsyza, d. huhatamsza to rush near or between, to jump between, 34, 10.
42, 13. Der. hiitta.

hutapéna, d. huhutdpéna to reach by running, to run near, to run past:
hutapéno'lshi n’s after I had reached there by running past (for: hutapénd’-
lashi nfish) 22, 11.; hitapénan, Mod., it ran past, went past, 127, 2.

hutatechkia; see hutatehkivla and utdtchkia.

hutatcehkitila, d. hu-utatchkitila to remove the cover or lid, to open up,
120, 10. Cf. utatehkia.

land

hait—hutwalyza. 87

hitkala, hd’tkal, d. huhatkala, huhatkal to arise, get up, start wp, as from
sleep ete.; to jump up, start, 110, 16.—When speaking of two or three,
tti’shtkala; of many subjects, tintkala, 16, 5.

hutkalpéli, d. huhatkalpéli to rise up again, to run or jump up again,
108, 2.: kla’yatk gi’ntak i hf’tkalpalank shli-uapk though dead you will rise
up again to shoot (him), 110, 6.

hutkalshna, d. huhdtkalshna ¢o start up, to rise suddenly, to get wp pre-
cipitately, 112, 13.

hutzapsha, d. huhdtyapsha (1) to run or move fast towards, as towards
a river, lake, prairie ete. (2) to run straightways, in direct line towards.—
Speaking of two or a few, té’shtyapsha; of many, tintyapsha. Der. hutyi.

hutzi, hitye, d. huhatyi to rush to a spot, to run towards; to leap, to jump:
tsui ni h., tsii l4p nish nté-isalta hi’tyipsh (for htityipkash) thereupon I
leaped down (the rocky slope), then two men shot at me while I ran down,
22, 3.; tsi ni ho’tze then I rushed towards (him), 30, 16.

hutzyidsha, hutyfdshna, d. huhatyidsha, huhatyfdshna to jump or leap
while running, 125, 4. 7. 9. 126, 1.

htitna, d. huhatna to run up to, to rush upon; to attack, 55, 3.: hi’'tan for
hii’tna she ran up (to him), 96, 5 and Note. Der. hita.

hiuitpa, d. huhdtpa (1) to run towards the one speaking. (2) to run, rush
or jump towards, 22, 4.; to arrive at-——Speaking of two or a few, tti’shtpa;
of many, tintpa, 23, 20.

huitcha, d. huhatcha; see hidsha.

hutchna, d. huhdtchna; see hidshna.

hutchnéash, d. huhatchnéash runner, climber. Cf. p’laina-hutchnéash.

htiwa, hda, d. hé’hua, héhoa (1) to leap, to jump into the water, river, lake.
(2) to skip up in the water; said of men jumping from one boulder to
another in a river, 74, 2.—When speaking of two, tfi’shua; of many sub-
jects, tinua Cf. géwa, shtiwa.

huwaliéga, d. huhualiéga to run up hill; lit “to begin running upwards”.
Said of a young man, 183; 17.

huiwalya, hi’-ualka, d. huhiiwalya to run against: hi’ walakuapk a’t Anku-
tat ye would run against (projecting) tree-limbs, 118, 11.; hvialakuapksht
nalsh Ankutat we might run against tree-limbs, 120, 4.

88 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DIOTIONARY.

iv

I is pronounced either clear (¢) or dumb (é), alternates with y, e, d, is
sometimes lengthened into iy- or yi-, and also forms diphthongs. Initial é
(or e-) sometimes represents the prefix i-, indicative of a plurality of long-
shaped articles, even persons; cf. iggdya, tkla, fla, fmnaks and the prefixes
a-, ksh-, ta-, u-. In ibéna, ibuttiya the prefixed i- is the particle hi, i, on
or in the ground, upon the soil, q. v
{, i’, i-i, 1-1; 6, 6-é, é-¢ (1) yes, yea, yes indeed! ‘‘i'”, a li'lyag “yes”, (said)

the bear cubs, 120, 11.; tam liluks pitchga? i’, pitchga! Is the fire out? yes,

it went out! i-i tidsh! that’s well! all right! I is more frequent than é,

6-8; cf. 125, 5, where € marks surprise, and 41, 19. (2) interr., is that

so? indeed? 140, 11.

i, i, procl. and encl.; {, i’, i-i; ik, ik; obj. mish, abbr. m’sh, m’s. (1) pron.
pers. of the second person sing, thou, you: hii i in pén gépktak, tehi’i
mish nti tin tish spuliktak if you come here again then I will lock you up at
some place, 36, 2.; i tchui’n! you must sing! 90, 12 ; i pi’li hissudksh pil
you the husband, you alone, 60, 15 ; i-i tchti tiména? ellipt. {-i tehui? do
you hear me? do you understand now? stuga i! you killed (him)! 65, 14.; ik
for i occurs in a quotation under hushékanka. (2) i, ik are used some-
times im allocutions for at ye, when by addressing one all others present
are addressed also: i lapuk both of ye, 60, 6.; ampkaé ak i hishi’kat lest
ye may kill each other, 60, 22.; shuinuapk i ndnuk! all of ye sing! 90, 14.;
wak i’k 16li? why do all of ye believe? 64, 10. Cf. 58, 10.

{, i, -i, -i, apher. form of hi, hi on the ground, ete.; suffixed to nouns as a
postposition of the inessive case, and to the verbal indef. as a temporal
suffix; cf. washi, in the den or cavity; ni’sh a gishi’ while I stayed, 22, 2. 3.
It occurs also as a suffix in huki and hunitak, q v., and in other functions,

i-akéwa, yakéwa, d. of ikéwa; see ukéwa.

f-alhish, pl. timi £, guardian, watchman, policeman; jail-keeper, 59, 17.
19. Absolute form not in use. Der. ilhi.

{-amna, iyamna, d. i’-amna, v. trans., referring to a plurality of long-
shaped objects: (1) to put, set, hang on or around oneself; to wear, as beads.
(2) to take hold of, to take away for oneself, to confiscate: na i’-amnuapk i’zaks

{—idsya. 89

mi I shall take away your gain, 59,22. (8) to seize, grasp by hand, to take hold
of: i-amnin Idloksgish seizing their rifles, 34,10. and Note. (4) to take
along with, to carry about; when speaking of persons, to be at the head of, to
command: pis i’yamnatk &4mbits i’yamnatk carrying food and water with
them, 101, 12.; sh@/Idshish f-amnatko in command of troops, 43, 5.; maklaks
f-amnatko at the head of Indians, 55, 12. 56, 5, cf. 99, 2—Speaking of
one object only, tyamna, q. v. Cf. yamnash, kshiiyamna.

f-amnash; see yamnash.

i-Atklish, pl. tami i., (1) one who finds accidentally. (2) lucky, fortunate,
favored by fortune. Der. itkal; see also ndakal.

i-4-uka 184; 26, d. of fwag, q. v.

ibékantko, d. ipépkantko (1) hole, boring; perforation made by an
auger, borer. (2) hole or aperture scratched out. (3) tunnel, subterranean
gallery, horizontal passage underground. Cf. ibéna, yéwa, stu.

ibéna, hipéna, d. ibépa, hipépa to dig in the ground; to mine, excavate, dig
up: to dig a hole, 85, 11. Mod. for yépa KI, q. v. Cf. méya, p’nana.

ibutékatko, d. ibu-iptékatko (1) adj., honeycombed, full of holes, diggings,
excavations. (2) subst., mine-shaft, rock-pit. Cf. ibéna.

ibuttya, d. ibu-ipttya to dig, to dig up, to dig a hole; to work with a pick-
axe. Cf. ibéna.

idsha, itcha, d. {-idsha, {-itcha (1) to carry, transport; chiefly used of long-
shaped, heavy objects and of articles spoken of collectively: hii kani ko‘
idshant ¢f somebody carries kol-roots with him, Note to 147, 12.; at idshi’sht
when (the bodies) are brought out, 85, 1. (2) to remove, drive away, make
go; said of persons, cattle ete.: idshé (for i’dsha at) maklakshash remove
ye the Indians, 37, 1.; watch i. they drove away the horses, 54, 12.; ef. 44,
5. (pass.).—Speaking of one object, see remarks at end of article éna.

idshampéli, d.i-idsh4mpéli to bring or convey back, to remove to the former
place or seat: shand-uliuga itchampélish wishing to bring them back, 36, 10.
Der. fdshna, -péli. ,

idshipa d. i-idshipa to strip, disrobe: nde-ulyApkash i. shulo‘tish they strip-
ped the fallen man of his coat, 42, 10. Der. idsha.

fdsya, fdshka, d. i-Adsza (1) to lay, stretch over somebody or something;

said of long-shaped articles only, as poles, sticks, pencils. (2) to spread,

90 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

sprinkle, bestrew with: tehi’leks k’lekApkash i. they spread pieces of flesh
over the corpse, 85, 8. Der. fta. Cf. Ifdsya, nédsya, shlédsya.

fdshna, ftehna, d. i-Adshna; (1) same as fdsha: to bring, transport to; ati’
idshnan bringing from a great distance, 85,17. (2) to remove to, drive to,
34,2. Der. fdsha. Cf. éna.

idtiyua to kick each other, Mod. Cf. idi’ka, idtpka.

idw’ka, idtikka, d. i-idtka to kick: idtkatko one who is kicked.

iduipka, d. idu-idépka to kick, inflict kicks: tchéwash hé’nk idti’pka tehé-
kéli tilktgi, he kicked the antelope to make it bloodshot, 126, 7.

i-eshkétkish, yéshkitch rag; sheet, sheet of paper ete: né-ish (for né-i
ish) fin i-éshkutch! give me this rag, hand me this sheet!

120

ggd-idsha, d. i-iggd-idsha; see aggd-idsha.
iggd-idshna, d. i-igg4-idshna; see aggd-idshna.
g

1

,
‘

gaya, d. i-iggdya, (1) v. trans.; see aggdya and kshaggdya. (2) subst.,

provisions hung in sacks upon trees.

fha, d. t-aha, fyaha to hide, secrete, conceal; said of inan. things. Cf. gdyaha.

fhia to pick out, select, choose: kt4-i shtshuankaptcha i‘hiank selecting stones
of the same size, 82,13. Cf. shi-fha.

ihf-u, exclam. used chiefly by females; see i-u.

ihudla, d. i-uhudla; see iwdla.

ik, pron. pers. of second pers. sing., thou, you; see i.

tka, d. fika to take out, extract, remove from: wewéas w’na i’ka (the wolf) re-
moved his young (from the lodge), 118, 22.; 10’‘kpeksh f. to take the ashes out.

{kaiga, fyaga, ikak, Mod. ikga; d. i-fyAga, Mod. i-ikga (1) to take out, take
Jrom, extract, 113, 1.: i‘kagank pii’n ki’l shtépka kt&yatka taking out (of
the pit) the kol-roots again they pound them with stones, 147,11. (2) to win,
gain; to obtain by winning a game: udtiwisham i’yaguk ndnuk having won
all the articles staked by the losers, 79, 6.; i in’sh iyak! you win me! sas
Aitshish i‘kak Aéshish won their stakes, 99, 6. ef. 99, 8.; sa K’mikamtsas
kak they won over K’mikamtch, 101, 1.; tam i’kak they won many stakes,
101, 1.; tt’m izaga he makes many gains, i134,5. Der. ika

ikaytla, d. i-ikaydla to pick out, select, choose, 107, 7. Der. tka. Cf. thia.

ikakpéle, iyakpéle, d. i-ikékpéle (1) to remove again, take out anew: kti-i

i'yakpéle they took out the stones again, 113, 2. (2) to win again, to gain once

more. Der. ikaga, -péli.

/ ad
4
saat

fdshna—ikuga. 91

fkaks, fyaksh, d. f-ikaks (1) object taken out, eatracted. (2) gain, stake won
at a race, play or game, 59, 22. Der. fkaga.

{kampéli, d.i-tkampéli (1) to take out again. (2) to take out, haul up, re-
move from, 120,17. Der. fkna, -péli.

{kashla; see yikashla.

ikéwa, iki’wa, d. i-akéwa; see ukéwa.

{kla, d. i-Akla, v. trans. referring to long-shaped objects: (1) to lay down
upon; to lay, place, put upon: ti’atat i’kélank tchulé’ks putting meat upon a
paddle, 113, 10. (2) fkla, or partic. fklatko, numeral classifier added to
numbers from 12 to 19, 22 to 79, 32 to 39 ete.: I lay down, he lays down ;
laid down, viz. “counted”. (3) to lay under, to put below, underneath ; as
a stick under a table. Der. fka. Cf. fla, kshfkla.

{klash, d i-dklash saddle-blanket.

{kna, d. f-akna (1) fo take out of, to extract. (2) to eatirpate : partic. ikantko
d.i-ikantko castrated, gelding ; castrated ox, hog, horse ete.; also called kéliak
slilks, Kl. Der. fka.

{kta, d. i-Akta (1) to offer, make an offer. (2) to offer a reward Der. fka.

{ktcha, i’ktsa, d. i-Aktcha to obtain while going; to go and take, to go after ;
to seek, haul, haul in, fetch. Applies to anim and inan. objects: wéwansh
i. to bring in women (for wives), 107, 2., cf. 107, 3. 5.; skitash i’ktsa they
fetched blankets, mantles, 93, 4.; guhudshktcha i’ktchuk tchtleks she started
out for getting the meat, 119, 22.; shtdalf i’ktchatki gfug kma’ he sent (him)
to obtain the skullcaps, 109, 3. Der. tka.

{ktchapéli, d. i-dktchapéli (1) to reobtain while going. (2) to fetch out
trom the lodge or house: nté-ish i. Shi’kamtch Old Crane went home to get
a bow, 123, 4.

{kuakpéli, d. i-dkuakpéli (1) to put into again, to fill up, to locate a second
time within. (2) to reload with bullets. Der ikuga.

ikuga, ikt’ga, izéga, d. i-dkuga, i-akti’ga, i-ayéga, yiyuzoga (1) to place
in, to put, push into; to insert into, locate within or inside, 95, 16.: yakitat i.
to put into the seed-basket, 119, 11.; ?ba willishikat ikugank after filling
sacks with Vbd-seed, 147, 16 17; nil ikugank stuffing with down, 144, 2.;
tchékaksh mbi’shaksh yi’yuzoga lt'lpat he pushed an arrow-head into the
blackbird’s eyes, 113, 16. (2) to load a gun, rifle; the object ng¢-ish ball,
bullet being frequently omitted. Der. ika. Cf. kshékuga.

92 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

izaiga, tzaks; see fkaga, fkaks.

fla, d. i-dla, yéla, ydélha, yéla; v referring to persons and to tall, long-
shaped objects: (1) to lay down upon, put down upon, to deposit upon: git
yalhi! lay (them) down here! vinshtat ilapka to load a canoe, to charge or
Sreight a boat. (2) to be alike, to assimilate to: Béshtin ydlank white-man-
like, in the American manner, 59, 21. (3) yala, yéla, partic. yalatko,
yélatko, numeral classifier appended to numbers from 11 to 1%, 21 to 29,
31 to 39 ete.: ké-u lap taunepanta spékanash yélatko I possess twelve
needles.—The form fla, to lay down one object, is almost superseded by the
d form. Cf ilhi, fkla.

ildla, d. i-illa fo set to the fire for cooking or roasting.

f{lhi, fli, ilhfa, d. i-Alhi, yalhi (1) to put on, locate upon: népshish {. to place a
ring on one’s finger. (2) to bring inside, to carry within: (sptklishtat) flhiat
dtui then they will bring the heated stones into the sweat-lodge, 82, 8. (3) to
take in, inclose, confine, lock up: \a'p ishka illiuapkiga tehtishni two they re-
moved to have them imprisoned for life, 44, 8.; illi-uapka, ilhi’-uapk mish I
will imprison you, 59, 7. 13.—Speaking of one object only: spulhi, q. v.

il’hka, d. i-Al’hka scraper made of stone. Cf. ilyétkish.

iligish, illigish, d. i-ilfgish (1) inclosure, ground fenced in: ktehinksh-.
corral. Cf. niuligish. (2) guard-house, jail, “skikum-house”, Kl. Der. flhi.

ilina, illfna, d. i-ilfna to take down, to take off

{lkgish, d. i-Alkgish; see flkshgish.

i lksh, ilks, d. f-alksh (1) dish, basket or paddle filled with eatables, 70, 7. 8.
(2) the dance-feast, to which tood-baskets are brought by the partici-
pants: at géntak i’lksat pin a ye shall go to the feast to eat, 70, 2. and Note.
(3) i’lks, apoe. from ilkshgish, q. v. Der. élya.

i lkshgish (for ilktchgish), abbr. flkgish, ilktch, i/Iks, d. i-dlkshgish grave
im the ground, 87, 8.: i. yépa to dig a grave; ilkszé'ni towards the grave, 87,
6. 7. 9. '6.; ilktch spishspaktchampka they make the graves mound-shaped,
88, 2. Der. ilktcha.

lkshgishla, i/lkgishla, d. i-alkshgishla to dig a grave.

{lkshla, d i-dlkshla, yalksla to preserve, to keep in cachés habitually ; to
preserve by burying in cachés, 146, 10. Der. ilksh. Cf. vumi, vumi’sh.
{lktcha, d. i-Alktcha (1) to carry away out of sight, to dispose of, to secrete

underground (vumi'shtat), or in any other manner: i wigépani to put away

inotila. 93

fyaga

Jor awhile (to get it afterwards). (2) to submerge, immerse, secrete on the
bottom of waters: w0'ns i. to submerge a dug-out canoe for future use, 74, 15.
(3) to carry out for burial or cremation, to dispose of the dead, to have a funeral,
(6, 2. 87, 6. In this signification KI]. prefers isha.

ilya, d.i-dlya; same as élya, q. v.

ilyi, d. i-Alyi to lay down on the ground; to fell, cut down: tim i. Anku (the
ax) fells many trees, 178; 11.

ilyéta, d. i-alyéta to bury along with, to inter simultaneously: papakuak sha
nanuktua i. they bury (with the corpse) all kinds of drinking vases, 87, 4.

ilyétkish, ilyo’tch, d. i-alyétkish seraping-tool made of iron, bone, horn
etc., as used in various manufactures (of leather ete.). Cf. il’hka.

flyuatchla, d.idlyuatchla to bury in something: Wytitehlik in order to
bury (the corpse) in (a blanket), 88, 5.; in this passage shkutashtat is gov-
erned by shéshatui. Der. ilktcha.

{11i, illigish, illina; see ilhi, iligish, ilfna.

illdéla, ilhdla, d. i-illdla, (1) v. trans., to take away, to take off, to remove from ;
to scrape off. (2) v. trans., to discharge, unload, as a horse, mule: to wnsaddle :
ill6]i hin watch! wnsaddle that horse! (3) v. impers: illéla Mod, illoldla
K1., the year goes round, the year comes to an end, is over, past, completed:
vunépni té-uniip i. at, forty years ago; lapéni illélan after two years; ta-
unep illdlatko ten years old; illéluapka the year will be at an end; lapéni
ta-unepdnta lap pé-ula illo‘latko gi he was twenty-two years old, 55, 8., ct.
54, 3.55, 20. Mod.; ti’na illdlolatk Sha’t gtikak after the lapse of one year
the Snake Indians left, 28,14 Kl. Der. ila.

illélash, d. i-illélash year; the lapse of one year from one autuninal sea-
son to the next one: té-uniipni 1 during ten years, 54, 3.; 1857 1., in the
year 1857, § 4, 6.; shélam i in the autumn of the year, 54, 16.

illolétkish, contr. illd6lotch, illa’litch, d. i-illolétkish tool or instrument
Sor removing. Cf. kpatia.

iimnaks necklace, neckwear, beads; KI. See yamnash.

ina, d i-dna, yana, adv, downwards, down The absolute form occurs in
compound words only; see yana.

inotila (1) to place, put, send below, underneath, in the shadow of, 183; 15.
(2) prep. and postp., underneath, below, under. Der. ina, yutila.

94 KLAMATH-BNGLISH DICTIONARY.

inuhudshka éo keep off, to keep away, to prevent: inthuashkpak i (for
inthuashkapk i) keep away from, 139, 6.; inuhuashképka a nf tatakiash
gwlhi-uapkasht gé-u hdshuashtat I prohibit the children from going into
my garden. Der. ina, hu, hudshka.

ipaksh place, lodge or caché where provisions are kept; storing-place, maga-
zine: mbishant nti génuapk pt’ksh gé-u ipakshksdksi to-morrow I repair
to the place where I keep my camass. Der. ipka.

ipéne xi to place on the top of ; said of baskets, dishes, vases already filled:
p'lé’ntant i. to place on the top of, 119,11. Cf hapa, ipma’tcha, kshét’léka

fpka, d. i-dpka (1) to lie on or in the ground; to remain, to be kept there;
said of inan. things: i’pakt it may be kept, 148, 14 (2) to lie on the ground
or in bed, to be sick in bed, 101, 20.: Kléklyatk i. they lay dead on the ground,
110, 17. (3) to line, to smear on, to put over: Wli’pki i’pza télishtat they
smeared red paint in their faces, 120, 1%. (4) to keep, to secure, to hold fast
in one’s power: Moéatuashash i’pkan lt’ltagslan keeping the Pit River In-
dians and making slaves of them, 54, 10.

[pkai, nom. pr. mase. of a Modoc; this name is said to be borrowed from
the Pit River language.

ipma’tcha, d.i-ipma’tcha to fix on the top, to stick up at the top of some-
thing, as of a pole: walas sa tiiwa lak ipma’tsank they planted a pole and
placed dry scalps on the top of it, 16, 0.

ipo, ipo, ipka, fpya, Shasti terms, largely in use in Southwestern Oregon,
for the kda’sh-bulb, q. v., which is also called ‘‘wild potato”.

ipshtina, Mod.; fpshuna, KI; d i-apshtina swamp-dogberry; a blue berry
growing on the ipshtinalam bush. ‘Term borrowed from Shasti.

ipshtinalam, d. i-apshtinalam swamp-dogberry bush, a shrub growing in
California and throughout Southwestern Oregon, attaining a height which
varies from 5 to 20 feet. Cf. ipshtina.

ish, ish, i/sh, abbr. from nfsh me, to me; see nu.

isha, d. f-isha (1) to carry out, to bring out. (2) to convey to the grave, to
dispose of a corpse by interment or cremation, 87, 2.; to attend a funeral.
(3) subst., funeral, burial. Cf. ilktcha, ishnila.

ishalk, fstak, isdak, pl. timi i. (1) ear of maize or Indian corn. (2) grains
of same. KI. and Mod.; term borrowed, from the Shasti language.

itya. 95

inuhuashka

{shalkam, fstakam, isdakam stalk of maize or Indian corn: Zea mays.

fshka, fshga, d. i-Ashka (1) fo extract, draw out, take out: tala i. to draw
money from, to make money by, 64, 13. 14.; istak i. to husk maize-ears ; i.
nayents pshish to wipe another's nose; la’p i. ati kafla two men they brought
to a far-off land, 44, 7.; tatktish i’/shkuk in order to extract the disease (made
corporeal), 71, 6. (2) to pull, pull up, 149, 13. (tehuad); to pull off, collect,
gather ; to cull, as berries, fruits, vegetables: ishkflank kélatch after having
finished gathering all the kélétch-berries, 146, 10.; tchélash sha f. they pull
up the stalks, 148, 2.; wakinsh {. to pick substance for red paint, 150, 6.

ishntla, d. i-ashnula (1) to carry out, bring out. (2) to convey to the grave,
to bury. Der. ishna

istak, fsdakam; same as ishalk, ishalkam, q. v.

{ta, d. f-ita (1) to place upon; to lay or locate on: ndnukash f. to put all
over; atak itA to put salt on, to salt down; Mod. (2) to pack, load, charge,
freight, as horses, wagons etc. (3) to paint, to line; to smear over; nanu-
kash ita to paint all over. Cf shi-ita. (4) to embroider.

itak, i'taks, i’tok, itoks, obj.: mishtak (1) with emphatic signification: just
thou or you; but you; often marks syntactic contrast. (2) pron. refl.: thy-
self, yourself. Cf. i.

itakidnki, itagidnggin, pron. pers. and refl.: thow for thyself, you for
yourself ; contr. from i tak giank. Cf -gidnggin

itankish, d i-itankish what is smeared on: k’ntkshtat-i. wax put on thread
(for sewing). Der. ita. Cf. itish.

{tatka, d. i-ftatka to hold over somebody or something; said of long-
shaped articles only, as sticks, poles, etc. Der. ita.

itish, d. i-itish what is put or smeared on: wii'gnam i. wagon-grease. Der.
ita. Cf. itankish.

{tkal, d. i-Atkal (1) to find, gather up by chance; said of many objects or
of objects spoken of collectively; see ndakal. (2) to lift up, pick up; to
collect, catch: kiii’m i’tklank scooping up fish (with baskets), 94, 6. (¢:) to
extract, to take or pull out, to suck out: tchékéle { he sucks out the blood, 71, 8.

itza, itzi, d. i-Atza, i-Atze to carry off; take away from, remove from: i'tye
he took down from the walls or ceiling, 105, 12; i’tya shash he took away
From them, 109, 4.—Speaking of one object only, titya, q. v.

96 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

itntla, d. i-atnila to unload, discharge: kék a watch i-itni'latko this horse
is unloaded. Der. itna.

itpa, d. i-Atpa to fetch, to bring, to carry, to convey; to take persons or things
along with; yveters to a plurality of persons, animals, long-shaped articles,
or to objects spoken of collectively: Sé-atas i’. gi’ta he brought the Snake
Indians here, 28, 13.; at i. tii ladsastat he brought (the women) fo the lodge,
107, 8.; Klekapkash i. they convey the body, 85,4; tima tua fi to fetch,
haul many different articles; tim watch i’. they brought many horses with
them, 20, 19.; liThankshti i he brought venison, 112, 15—When speaking
of one object only, atpa, q. v., is preferred to itpa Der. ita. Cf. éna,
épka, fdsha, idshna, sptinshna

itpamna, d. i-dtpamna ¢o take, bring or carry along with: nitak itpamnan
ki I take away for myself.

itpampéli, d. i-Atpampéli to convey, bring back to the former place ; to bring,
carry home, 109, 5. 110, 22: Vba& sha ftpampalank shpaha after carrying
home the Vba-seed they dry it, 147,15 Der. itpna, -péli. Cf. Atpa.

itpna, d. i-atpna to carry along, transport, convey: itpand’pkasht for itpanu-
Apkasht (passive) for the purpose of transportation, 85, 3. Der ftpa.

itchua to put on, upon; refers to exterior of anim. or inan: kf’shga teha
p'lv’ i’tchuank Aishishash they combed Aishish and put grease or fat (in his
hair), 95, 17. Der. ita

i-u, yu, adv., really, surely; identical with ya, but having the particle u
(hu) instead of a (ha) as final component: f-u nénak yan’wan’ i you are
quite helpless, as they say, 183; 12.; at yu nat géna! K1, dtui gén nat!
Mod., let us go!

i-ti, ihi-u, exclam. repeated as a sort of refrain at the end of many songs
sung by females, 186; 49. 197, Note to A.

[-uauna, nom. pr. of Linkville, town on Link River, in Lake Co., Oregon;
seems a condensed form of Yulaléna, q. v.

i-f’dshna, d. i-t-tdshna; see ytidshna.

i-uhu, i-thuhu, interj., a war ery. Cf. i’-oho, 1-i.

i-uhta, d. i-uhuhta; same as ii-ohda, q. v.

i-uhu-ht’tehna, d. i-uhu-huhétchna; same as i-oho-ti'tchna, q. v.

i-ukak, ¢ukag (1) inside, within, in the midst. (2) I-ukdk, E-ukak,

wa. 97

itntla

E-ukaka Fort Klamath; so called from its location inside of, or between
mountains: 44, 5. 8. 147, 9. This fort has accommodations for about
300 soldiers and is located in a wooded plain at the western foot of a
steep trap rock ridge, six miles from the seat of the Klamath agency and
twelve miles from the main settlement of the Lake tribe near the outlet
of Williamson River. A nat gatpdmpéle gi’ta E-ukak then we returned to
Fort Klamath near by, 31, 14. Der i’wa (No. 2), with double ak.

i-ukakidmna, d. i-d’kakiamna, adv., prep. and postp., around, about, in
the vicinity: i shtinash around the lodge; tchia i. mdklaks the Indians live
all around. Cf. gakidimna.

i-ulalina, i-ulaléna; see yulalina, yulaléna.

f-umala, ytmala to gather annually whortleberries or other berries. Der. iwam.

i-umAaltka Jo return from whortleberry-gathering ; to return from berry har-
vest, 75, 7. Der. iwam.

{-umimi for fwamimi, 75, 6.; see {wam.

{-unega, yunéga, d. i-unéga the sun is down; said only of the time be-
tween sunset and complete darkness.

i-unégsh, yunégsh, yuni’ksh, d. i-unigsh (1) the time between sunset and
dark: i-unékszé’ni a yulina after sunset I menstruate, 182; 2. 185; 48.;
j-unégshtka just after sunset, 133, 4-7. (2) red at sundown.

i-tita, i-0’ta, i-itantko; same as ytita, yitantko. Cf. shlin.

i-utamsya, prep and postp., among, amid, between. Cf. tyalam.

i-utila, yutfla, d. i-dtila (1) ¢o fall under something; to be placed, to lie
underneath. (2) prep. and postp., under, underneath, below: yutila anko
under the tree; ndnuktua kiifla i. wa all that grows underground: bulbs,
roots ete.; cf. 145, 20.; léméwaliékshtat i under the drifted logs, 21, 19.;
wali’sh i. wnder the rock-cliffs, 31, 1. The form yutilan is frequent also:
shimam y., or shimam kako y., lower jaw.

iwa, iwa (i short), d. i-fwa, i-i’wa (1) to put or to dip into water; (kta-i)
i’'wa kalati a4mbo tchi’pgank they dipped (the hot stones) into the bucket
containing water, 113, 1., cf. 2. (2) adv., into water. Its signification
comes near to that of éwa No. 5, q. v.

i’ wa (1) outdoors, far from home or camp: i wa i shzdlakuapk you shall sleep
under the sky. (2) among the hills, in or among the mountains ; the camps
of the Maklaks being located only in the more level parts of the country.

7

98 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

fwag, fwak, d i-d-uka near home, a short distance from home; not far from
the camp: i. shkii’lya he lay down to sleep before reaching camp, 131, 5.; i.
sha hii’nk ti’kélya they rested for the night at a place near home, 131, 7.;
i-d-uka hi/lhiank running about im the neighborhood, into neighbors’ houses,
184; 26. Der. fwa, ak. Cf. f-ukak.

Iwal, nom. pr. of a camping-place on Klamath Marsh. Iwal means “the
end, extremity”; cf. iwdla (3).

iw ala, ihuala, d. i-uhuala, i-owdla (1) to. put on the top of, to fasten at the
upper end of many long-shaped articles.—Speaking of one only, kshawal,
q. Vv. (2) to pour on, to let drop on, to fill up with a liquid. (3) subst., the
top or end of something: pshfsh i. point of nose; ldloksgish i. muzzle of a
gun; yaina ihudla top of a mountain.

iwdlpéli, d. i-uhudlpéli to empty wpon again; to pour out on, 111, 2.

iwam, fyuam, d. f-iwam (1) upland whortleberry; various species of the
genus Vaccinium, sweeter than the eastern whortleberry, often as large as
a common cherry; plant 3 to 10 feet high, 75, 7-10. Cf. gupélish. The
different species of whortleberries growing in the Klamath Highlands are
as follows: kAkam i. the raven’s whortleberry ; yatkalam i. the bald eagle’s
whortleberry; tchiksham i. the bird’s whortleberry; tchii'tehkam i., also
called washlalam i., the squirrel’s whortleberry. (2) these berries in the
dried and pressed state: berry-paste. (3) generic term for other berries of
whortleberry-size: raspberry ete., and for all berries: i-umii’mi at berry
time, commencing about the middle of August and extending into au-
tumn, 75, 6. 145, 19 ; tchi’kéle i. red berry juice, 75, 7.

iwash, d. i-fwash wild, savage, not domesticated; said of beasts. Der. i’wa.

iwiza, iwizi, d. i-d-iya, i-0’-izi (1) to put into, to fill up in sacks, as seeds,
flour ete.; to pack away in sacks or bags, 74, 11. 12.: wokash iwizi’e (for
iwizitko a) ripe wékash-seed on hand and put in bags, 74,11. (2) to load a
gun, rifle, piece of artillery. Der. éwa Cf. ikuga.

iwizétkish, pl. timi i., (1) bow, case, casket, receptacle; k’lekApkash i. coffin.
(2) implement for loading: \dloksgish i. ramrod.

iwilza, d. iwilza to fetch home by going forth and back. Der. hiwi.

iwina, d. i-iwina, iwina (1) v. trans., to put into, to place inside of, 150, 9.
(2) adv , inside, within, in the interior: winkogsht for iwina hi gi’sht. Der.
éwa. Cf. yuhidéna.

iwag—yadshipka. 99

{wish, pl. timi i’.; same as ydwish, q. v.
iwutit, prep. and postp., further away than, farther off, beyond. Term
formed like kuitit. Cf quotation under E-ukalksini kéke. Der. i’wa (1).

Jack, Captain, nom. pr. of a famous Modoc chief. His Indian name
was Kintpuash. For particulars, see Kintpuash and Note to 35, 8.
Johnson, nom pr. of the head chief of Modoes settled at YAneks, 58, 6. 7.

mgs

When the vowel 2 assumes a consonantic pronunciation, as in diphthongs,
it is written y, and both frequently alternate in the Klamath language; ef.
introductory words to letter I. In the scientific alphabet used here, y never
designates a vocalic sound, but is always pronounced like y in yell, yoke.
For terms not found here look under E, I. In many of the terms given
below, initial yan-, ya-, yu-, yo- represents a prefix “down, down below”.
ya, ya, i-a, a particle of asseveration corresponding to indeed, really, cer-

tainly, surely. Ya! to be sure! 112, 11.; ké-i sha i-a vi'sha of course they

were not afraid of, 93, 6.; tua nia tala ya ishka shiugok? what money did

I make in fact by killing him? 64, 14. Ya is often connected with the po-

tential ak: tidsh ak ya népakuapka I expect positively good weather ; nti ak

ya gwhli’plit I can certainly enter (my own lodge), 112, 2. Cf. i-w.
ya-a, d. yayd-a, yaiya-a to scream, screech, cry, vociferate: ya-a aké tan I

believe you are crying. Mod. for yéa Kl. Cf. yéwa.
y4-aga (1) a species of willows growing near waters; 20 to 30 feet high.

(2) Ya-aga, Ya-ag, nom. pr of a locality rich in willows, forming the

center of the Klamath Lake Indian settlements, situated where the Gov-

ernment bridge crosses the Williamson River (Ind. Aff. Report 1870, p.

68), and about one mile from Upper Klamath Lake. (3) Yé-aga, nom.

pr. of the Williamson River; called thus near this bridge only: ltela

kapto Ya-ag they catch kdpto-suckers in the Williamson River, 74, 1.; ef.

54, 1. Dim yash.
yadsam, nom. pr. of a species of short grass growing in dry places, two

to three inches long.
yadshaipka, d. ya-idshapka to mash, mangle. Cf. ndshapka.

100 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

yahi, d ydyahi, yd-ihi (1) generic term for bead: shdkaltko y. beads of va-
rious colors mixed together. (2) glass bead.

ydihiaga, d yaydhiaga little bead: liashptchi yayéhiak small smoke-colored
beads. Dim. yahi.

yahiash a water-fowl not specified, 163; 8.

yaina, d. ya-i’na (1) mountain, peak, butte: mink y. shuteyéga the mole
began to make mountains, 104, 4.; yainash a-i nf shluléla I am wafted off
from the mountain, 157; 43.; yainatat on a mountain, 135, 1. 156; 36. Cf.
158; 50. 179; 3. Occurs in proper names: 193; 14. (2) ridge of mountains,
mountain range: Yamakisham yaina Cascade Range; yainatala, yainatal
uphill, up the mountain, up the ridge; yainatal kakdlakpka we climbed up
(Warner) ridge, 29, 8. Der. yéna. Cf. gi/nshka, iwala.

yaina-dga, d. ya-ina-Aga, ya-ina’ga (1) hill, hillock, eminence, little mount-
ain; kima‘dsham y. ant-hill; yaina-ag ti’pka a low hill lay (back of us), 31,
9.; cf. 43, 11. 12. (2) Yainaga, nom. pr. of a hill: “Little Butte”, two
miles south from Sprague River, at Yéneks subagency, and giving its
name to the latter. Dim. yaina.

Yainakshi, nom. pr. of the Indian settlements of Ydneks, along Middle
Sprague River, in a healthy and fertile tract of land inhabited by Kla-
math Lake, Modoc, and Snake Indians; lit. “where the hill is”, 58, 6.
90, 3. 148, 8. Yaneks is the seat of a subagent of the Klamath Indian
reservation. Liipftala médsha Y. sheshapkash they migrated eastward to
what is called Yaneks, 36, 6.; Yainakshi gishi’ (Mod.) whose residence was
at Yaneks, or: while he stayed at Yaneks, +6, 9.; ti’-uana Yainakshina around
Yaneks, 40, 4. For the origin of the name, see yaina-Aga. Cf. P'laf.

Yainakskni, adj. and subst., staying at, native of, inhabiting Yaneks; In-
dian settled at Yaneks; Skéntchiesh laki Yainakskishim miklaksam Skon-
tchish is a chief of the Yaneks Indians, 58,5. Der. Yafnakshi. Cf. P’laikni.

yainala, d. ya-i’nala to make, create, throw up hills or mountain-ridges,
104, 4. Der yaina.

yayayd-as bewitching power, from which the conjurer gets his inspira-
tion, when he prepares to cast around him the dire spells of his magic
influence, or, as the Indians call it, “the doctor’s poison”, 70, 5. 6. and
Note. Cf. yayakia.

yahi—yamakni. 101

ydyakia to be afraid, to be in fear of: ka-i tela yayakiuk I was too terri-
fied (at the eagles) to kill them, 100, 4.

yika, yiika; see yéka.

y aki, d. yayaki, y4-iki (a short in K1.) conical basket or receptacle worn on
back for collecting roots, tubers, seeds, and seed-grasses, and made from
branches of the young willow: y. shkatkéla to carry a basket on back, 109,
1.; y. shléyamna to string a basket around oneself, 10', 11.; y. shtagi to fill
the basket, seed-basket, 118, 4. 7.; ydkiamtch old, broken or used up basket.
Cf. 146, 4. 147, 15. 148, 6. Der. yash.

yala, ydlatko, yalha; see ila.

ydliala to become clear, transparent, pure, unclouded: 4mpu a yalialtk gi
the water is clear, limpid.

Yalialant, nom. pr. of a camping ground on Williamson River: “At the
Crystal- Water”. Locat. of yaliali.

yadliali d. yaydliali clean, pure, limpid, transparent ; said of water.

yilkam, yalzam, d. yaydlyam bad weather, storm, tempest, atmospheric dis-
turbance. Der. i-Alya, d. of élya (to prostrate).

yalyamala, d yaydlyamiila to produce a storm or rainy weather. Some
Oregonian Indians believe this can be effected by rolling rocks downhill.

YdAmak, nom. pr. of Oregon, 44, 10.; abbr. from Yamakni; stands for Ya-
mat, Yamatala, or Yamakfsham kiflatat. Mod. Cf Note to 44, 6.

yamakish, same as yAémakni, to which it furnishes the oblique cases.
Ni’wapksh yamakstan fo the north side of Goose Lake, 31, 7.; see Note.

Yamakisham Yaina, nom. pr. of Cascade Range; lit. “‘mountains of
the Northerners”. Cf yamakni.

yamakni, ydmatkni, yamatni; obj yamakishash (1) adj., coming from
the North, born in a northern land ; inhabiting the country north of the Klamath
Lake highlands: y. gatpa came from the north, 131,5 (2) subst., Yamakni
Northerner ; generic name for all Indians living north and northwest of the
Klamath Lakes and Modoes, 192; 1.: Yamaki’shamkshi in the country of
the Northerners, 1%9; 2 Special tribes are sometimes designated by this
name; the Nez-Percés; the Warm Spring Indians in 13, 16. 17, 1. (ef. 18,
2. and 78, 10.), the scouts recruited among this tribe in the Modoc war,
who were largely mixed with Wasco Indians: 43, 5. (Note!) 6. 15. 21.

102 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DIOTIONARY.

(3) Yamakni, name given by Modocs to white settlers in the northern
and southern parts of Oregon: Oregonians, Oregonian volunteers, 39, 3.:
Yamatkni’sham kiifla in Oregon, 54, 1. Der. yamat, q. v.

yamal, d. yd-imal, yafmal pelican; a large water-fowl. Cf. kimal.

yimash (1) north wind; often mentioned in the incantations: y. a ni
shui’sh I sing about the north wind, 170; 58.; ydmsam gé-ish the north
wind’s tread, passage, 164; 4.; yamashtka in the north wind, while the north
wind blows (upon me), 155; 16. 24, ef. 155; 20.179; 1. (2) Yamash, nom.
pr. of the personified Northwind, a power of nature deified in the myths
of the majority of Indian tribes: YA4mshamkshi at the house or home of the
Northwind, 111, 5-10.; also called YAmshamtch, ef. Amtchiksh: Skélamtch
lalkadsha YAmshamtcham nii’sh Old Marten cut off the head of Old North-
wind, 111, 11. Cf. Yamsi and Notes to 111, 4. 164; 4.

yamat (1) the north, as a point of the compass: talaaks yémtital (for ta-
laak-ts yamat-i-tala) in a direction due north, 29, 6., cf. 29, 10.; yématala
génita while traveling north, 103, 3. (2) adv., northwards, towards the
north: y. taménudta while running northwards, 37, 16.; (3) adv., from the
north: y. téluitgank having returned from the north, 184; 31. (4) Ydmat,
nom. pr. given by Modoes to fhe State of Oregon, as far as it extends
north of the Klamath uplands; Ydématala (Ydémat-tala) into, towards
Oregon, 13, 4.; in Oregon, 44, 8.

y4mnash, f-amnash, pl. timi y., (1) neckwear, necklace ; necklace of beads,
shells, teeth, claws etc.; bead-string, wampum-collar: skitash i/ktsa Amp-
ziini y. tchish blankets they fetched at the Dalles, and bead-strings also, 98, 4. ~
Cf. 79, 1. 87,5 96, 8. 9. 111, 1-3. 131, 6. 9.12. (2) beads, grains of beads,
cf, yamnashptchi. Der. iyamna (1). Cf..i’mnaks, yahi.

Yamnash-Paktish, nom. pr. of a young Klamath Lake man, now
deceased, the friend of Dave Hill. Some notices about him will be found
in A. B. Meacham’s ‘Winema”, p. 109 sqq. Lit. “tearing his bead-
strings”. Cf. yamnash, pakdéga.

yaimnashla to manufacture, to make neckwear or beads: tchélish hi’nk
Itelank y. he killed porcupines and made necklaces (from their bristles), 96,
8. Der. yamnash.

yamnashptchi purple-blue; lit. “looking like beads”: y. mat lé/loks
Afshisham they say that AishisW’s fire-flame was purple-blue, 99, 3.

yamal—yanhuini. 103

yampka, ydmka, d. yayampka fo be lazy, inactive ; to lounge about.

yaimpkamptch, d. yay4amkamptch laziness, lack of activity.

yaimpkash, d. yay4mpkash lazy person; idler, bummer, lounger.

Yamsi, nom. pr. of a mountain lying north of Klamath Marsh; it passes
for the mythic abode of K’mikamtch and his brother, the ‘‘Weaslet”,
107, 1 and Note. Stands for Yamashi, inessive case of yamash, q. v.

y4mtital for yamati’tala, 29, 6.; see yamat (1)

yamtki, d. yayémtki to forget: waikash pil sha y. they forgot none but the
bone-awl, 120, 22.; yamtkin hémkanksh forgetting what he had said, 35, 8.

y dna, i-dna, yéna, d. of fina, which occurs as prefix only: adv., down, down-
hill, downwards, down below, further down: y. télshna to look down, 174; 13;
yéna nti gén géna I went down stairs.

y ana, yana to hand or bring something from below ; to bring wp, uphill.

yana-kani, yanakiini, adj., somebody or something at the lower end or ex-
tremity, below; pl. or d. yanakiinini each one, every one at the lower end.
Refers to stalks (tchélash) in 148, 2

yandkni, pl. tumi y., native, inhabitant of a lower country or lowland;
dweller on lower course of a river.

Yanaldi, YAnalti (1) nom. pr. of a mountain ridge close to and north of
Klamath agency buildings, rising 4{0 to 600 feet above Upper Klamath
Lake, and continuing past Fort Klamath due north into the vicinity of
Klamath Marsh. (2) Y., or Y. Kéke, nom pr. given sometimes to Crooked
River, because this rivulet is bordered on the east side for miles by the
Yanaldi hill-ridge. Cf. Tutashtaliksini Koke.

y4nani (1) nether; located below, under, underneath; relating to lower, in-
Jerior part or end; the Latin infimus, mus: yanansh (for yananish) pil
ma-i p’Ank eating only the lower end of the tule-grass, 148, 2. (2) referring
to what is underground. Der. yana No. 1.

y ani to give; see ttya.

y4nhua, yan’hua, yanua to be in a wretched state through siekness, aban-
donment or extreme poverty; lit. ‘‘to lie deep down”. Yanud-uk shi’la
to be on the verge of death through disease Der. yana, wa. Cf. wakidnua.

yanhudani, yanuani wretched, poor, miserable, distressed, 183; 12.; yan-
hudni kéliak tudé @ poor person destitute of everything. Cf. i-u.

104 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DIOTIONARY.

yankapshti, yankapshtia, d. yayankapshti (1) to place into an opening,
aperture, as a stick, straw, pebble ete. (2) fo bar an entrance, to close an
aperture; said, e. g., of pasting paper on a broken window-pane: wa’shtat
y. to obstruct the den (of a burrowing animal), 127, 6. Cf. kmakapshti

yankua, d. yaydnkua to take down; to take, to score for oneself: la'p kshe’sh
y. they win two counting-checks, 80, 2.

yaintana, d. yaydntana (1) to put down into, to put alongside of, to insert:
taldshi mish ni yéntanuapk té-ukankshtat I will put arrows into your
quiver. (2) adv., y., abbr. yanta down, downwards, 190; 15.

yantani, yantdnni (1) adj., sétwated below, located underneath or further
down; lower, nether, inferior. (2) subst., lower, nether part or portion of :
lilpam y. lower eyelid. Der. yana No. 1.

yantch, nom. pr of an edible cylindric root of the size of the camass-
bulb (ptiksh) and as thick as a thumb; the plant grows on rocks, in fields
and in prairies to the height of one to two feet, bearing a dark-colored
fruit: 146, |-2. Der. yana.

yapalpuléash butterfly, diurnal lepidopterous insect, 95,22. Der. palpalli.

yash, ya’sh, pl. timi y., willow; water-willow: y. stindsh ginzant (K1.)
willow lodge; tsti sa shliid ydstat li’ukaipksh then they discovered them
crowded among the willows, 20, 6. Cf. yé-aga; kilsham yash.

yishala to be full, grown over with willows: yashaltko studded, lined with
willow-bushes, 31, 1.

Yash-Lama‘dsh, nom. pr. of a camping-place on Klamath Marsh; lit.
“Ahead of the willows”. From ydsh, lamédsha.

yataslya to press. Cf. yadsipka, yétsyaka.

yati’sh (~~) rock standing upright; smaller than the hii‘nuash, q. v., 179; 4.

yd-uya, d. yayo’-uya; same as yauydwa, q. v.: sdwals gé-u y. my bird-
claws are rattling, being fastened to a necklace or conjurer’s rattle: 177; ‘6.

yauyawa, d. yayo’yawa to make noise, to be noisy, to rattle. Onomatop.

yi-uka, d. yayti’ya (1) to treat in sickness, said of the conjurer, 73, 1.,
and of the physician. (2) to cure, restore to health.

yautkéla, contr. yékéla, yék’la to perform puberty or pilpil dances. When
the tribe participates in them, they usually last five nights. Cf. 134, 21.
22. and shuytizala, sttipui, stina’sh.

yankapshti— yekéwa. 105

Yatkélam-LAshi, nom. pr. of a Klamath camping-place on Klamath
Marsh; lit. “‘at the Eagle’s Wing”. From yatyal, Jash.

Yattkélam-Snélash, nom. pr. of a camping-place near Klamath Marsh;
lit. ““Eagle’s Nest”. From yatyal, shnulash.

y4-uks, pl. tumi y., (1) drug used as medicine; remedy, medicament of a
palpable nature: ké-idshi y. poison, mischievous drug. (2) tamdnuash- or
spiritual remedy of the conjurer, consisting of witchcraft, dreams, shamanic
songs ete. When these songs are sung by the shaman, they reveal to
him miraculously the nature of the patient’s disease: y. huk shliid kalak
a gék the song finds out that the patient has a relapse, 72,2. Of. kiuks,
shufsh. (3) said to be the name of a certain poisonous plant: kélako’tch
y- deadly berries; k6-idshi y. poison-berries. Der. yd-uka.

yatksmin physician of the white race; a hybrid word half Klamath, half
English, and recently formed: yé-uks-méndmksh at the physician's shop
or house, 66, 15.; the syllable mén- embodying the word man.

yatyal, yatkal, d. yayatkal white-headed eagle, bald eagle: Haliaetus leu-
cocephalus. 144, 5. Another name used for this bird is shkushki, K1.,
q. v. Incantations: 162; 4. 165; 5. 180; 3. Quoted under iwam.

yauzaladla, d. yayauzialdla to go on a bald eagle hunt; to hunt bald eagles.

yi’ ka, yiikua; see yéka, yékua.

yéa, d. yéya to howl: wash y. tchtishak the prairie-wolf howls in one strain.
Onomatop. Cf. yd-a, yéka, yéwa, wéa.

yéhish, d. yeyéhish arrow-shaft polisher. A rough stone serves for pol-
ishing arrow-shafts. Cf. tkuilkish, tkuy6tkish.

yéka, yika, (ydka), d. yé-ika, yii’-ika (1) to howl and ery in chorus ; to sing
in chorus, 153; 1. (2) to sing while dancing ; to celebrate a victory or happy
event by dances, dance-songs and glee-songs ; often used of scalp-dances, but
may be said of every sort of social dances: tstti sa yii’ka then they sang
and danced, 16, 10. and Note. Der. yéa. Cf sha‘dsha.

yekéwa, d. ye-ikéwa (1) to break one long article in many places, as an
arrow: yekéwitko broken, fractured in several or many places. The distr.
form: to break each long article in many places. (2) to disregard, to treat
with contempt: nii’-ulaks y. to break the law or laws, 61, 7.; fut. yekii’-uapk,
for yekii’w-uapk (nii’-ulaks), 58, 14. Cf. yékua.

106 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

yékish, d. yé-ikish Indian dance of any kind; scalp-dance, war-dance,
‘“‘doctor”-dance, dance in dance-house ete. Der. yéka.

yékna, (ydkna) d. yé-ikna, 16, 10. and Note; same as yéka, q. v.

yékua, d. yé-ikua to break one long object in one place only, as an arrow; the
distr. form: to break each long article in one place only: Amita y. to break:
the camass-stick in two, 190; 10. Cf. yekéwa, kéwa, pekéwa, shéyakua.

yekualdla, d. ye-ikualdla to break off, to sever a piece by breaking it off:
y- 4nku na-itzéni to break a stick at one end.

yéla, yélatko, d. of fla, q. v.

yélmatko, d. yeyélmatko ripened; ripe.

y@n, yin, a very palatable fish of the sucker tribe, over one foot long,
and caught in April in large quantities in the Williamson River: Catosto-
mus labiatus Gird., 180;14 In the incantation 165; 6. yénash occurs as
obj case, instead of yen. Other sucker-fish are the kdpto, sdwalsh,
tsudm, utsaks and wiya-ak, q. v. The yé’n is darker than the other
suckers caught in the Williamson River.

y éna; see yana No. 1.

yépa, d. ye-fpa to dig, to dig up; to scratch up, to scratch for digging, 82, 1.:
wa-utchaga y¢-ipa kaflanti the dogs scratch the ground. Kl. for ibéna Mod.

yépantchna, yépontchna, d. ye-fpantchna to dig or scratch holes while
going from place to place. Der yép’na.

yép’na, yépona, d. yé-ipna; same as yépa, q. v.: yépantko, yépontko dug
out, excavated, 87, 8. Kl

yéshkiatch; see i-eshkétkish.

Yétkash, nom pr. of a locality at YAneks.

yétsyaka to choke, throttle. Cf. yataslya, shayétsyaka, tuftchzash.

yé-ush, d. yéyush (1) den of a burrowing animal (2) eatables gathered
and hoarded up by mice and other rodents in their dens. Der. yéwa.

yéwa, d. yeyti’a to burrow, undermine; said of mice, moles ete.

yéwa, d. yéyiia ¢o howl, as the storm does. (2) to blow; said of the east
wind only: 165; 7. and Note. Cf. yéa.

yéwash east wind; lit. “the howler”.

y éwat (1) subst., the east, as a point of compass. (2) adv., eastward, towards
east. (3) adv., from the east. Cf ydmat, lipit, médat.

yiyuzoga, d. of fkuga, q. v.

y ékish—yudalkish. 107

yikashla, yékashla, fkashla to spear fish through ice-holes; wéshtat
“through ice, in the ice” can be added. Der. fka.

yikiak, d. yidkiak, dialectic form of yukiak, q. v.

yilédshna, d yilu-ilidshna, Mod for hilidshna K1., q. v.

yilokuéla, d. yilo-ilokuéla to kick down, to kick downhill. Cf. gamni‘kish.

yiméshka, d. yime-iméshka to take away; to remove from. Mod. Cf.
t’méshka.

yimeshgapéle, d. yime-imeshgdpéle to take back, retake, reconquer :
watch y. to reobtain one’s horses, 54, 12. and Note

yiulina, d. yiyulina to push off, to push or send over the edge—lIdentical
with yulina, q. v., but differentiated from it in course of time in its pro-
nunciation and signification.

yi-ushna, d. yfyushna to push down, to push under: nti watchag yiu-
shampkan 4mbutat hin shitika I pushed the dog under the water and
drowned him.

y 6-ishi, yo’shi, d. yoyé-ishi to be lost, to be astray; said of arrows sent
too far, 136, 3. 4.; ydéshinko, yé-osink (for yé-ishiank hi, yo’shiank) he
is lost, astray, said of a vicious steed, 184; 35. and Note. Cf. yushka.

y 0’'ta, see yiita, shlin.

_yowish, i’-oish, i’wish, pl. ttimi y., (1) heel of persons and animals, 13, 5.
Mod. (2) hock; knee of quadruped’s hind leg. (3) calf of leg; back of knee.

ytia, d yuyta (1) to strike the water, to splash in the water; contr. from
yliwa. (2) to strike upon something; to strike the ground; said of bullets
or arrows shot, stones thrown etc. Cf. yiiash, yulya.

yudlka, d. yuydlka, yuyélya; chiefly used in the distributive form in the
three last definitions: (1) to be indigent, to be in need or poverty. (2) to
be full of sorrow, to suffer, to pine away: ma’sha steinash yuyalydéga to
suffer from sick-heartedness (3) to be sorry about, to regret: yuydlka nti
I am sorry for it. (4) to pity, have pity on: yuyélya a nt hi’nksh I pity
him or her. KA.

yudlkish, ytalks, d. yuydlkish, yiyalks; chiefly used in the distributive
form in the second definition: (1) poor, indigent, wretched: hii‘toks i ytialks
but if you are poor, 60, 9. 10. 12.; yuydélks tsi tidsh ki’-uapk although
wretchedly poor, he will feel at ease, 136, 6. (2) afflicted ; mournful, sorrow-

108 KLAMATH-—ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Sul, worried; saddened by experiencing heavy losses, as of relatives, personal
liberty, property ete.: ytialks-sitk, yiyalks-sitk sii’ta to render sorrowful ;
to make a mourner of somebody, 17, 21.; ytiyalk-shitko (for yuydlkishash-
shitko) behaving like a mourner or captive.

yuadlkishptehi, d. yuydlkishptchi (1) having a wretched appearance ;
poor- or sad-looking. (2) sorrowful, pining away. Cf. yudlkish

yttash, d yuytiash Limit, terminus for throwing, shooting, or running:
shidshna yt’ashtala sha tehti then they pursue each other up to the limits
meted out, to the base of the play-ground, 80, 12. Der. ytia.

ytashla, d. yuytashla to fix a demarcation line, to set up a limit for shoot-
ing, throwing, running. Der. yua.

yudshlaktkal, d. yuyadshliktkal to slip with the feet.

yudshna, d yt-udshna to be flying, to move through the air; said of arrows,
balls or other projectiles.

ruhanéash sword, dagger, or knife over two feet long, 193; 10. Mod. for

aes

tékish Kl. The derivation from yuhiéna points to a weapon kept in a
seabbard or sheath

uhiéna, d.iuhiéna (1) fo be inside, within; as on the ground-floor of
lodge, in a receptacle, case ete. (2) prep. and postp., inside, indoors,

ta
1

within: y. gi’sht being inside, or, for being within, 128, 5 ; speaking of more
than one being within, winkogsht (we’nku gi’sht or iwina, iwinank hf’
gisht) or wénkogsht, 127, 14.

tA

vuhd, d. yu-ihd buffalo: Bos americanus. Cf. hika, hilya, hiwa.

"A

ruhdélalga, d yu-ihdlalya to march and dance around; this being a por-
tion of certain dances performed before starting on the warpath. Cf. hd-
lalya, yuhulaklalza.

tA

ruhulaklalza, d. yu-iholaklalya to perform a certain war-dance. Mod.
for yuhdlalya K1., q. v. .

yuyalka, yuyélya, yuydlkish; see yudlka, yudlkish.

riikiak, yikiak, d. yu-ikiak, yidkiak (1) species of owl living on squir-

“-

rels; small and of reddish color: Scops asia. *(2) yikiak: mocking-bird,
Mimus polyglottus; Mod., 183; 21. (3) jay bird, Cyanura stelleri: ydki-
kam shkitantki having the head adorned with jay feathers, 183; 20.

ikiuka, ytyiuga, d yuytkiuka, v. intr., to smart, give pain; to iteh.

*<

Cf. yiktgi, kima’dsh and the German: “jucken”.

yualkishptchi—ytshzish. 109

yukmalam, pl. tumi y., the so-called “mountain mahogany”: Cercocarpus
ledifolius ; a tree furnishing the yellowish-brown wood for bows, for the
cylindric gaming-sticks used in the spélshna-game, and other implements.
It grows in the mountains east of Upper Klamath Lake.

yuktgi, d. yuyt’ktgi to itech; Mod for ytkiuka K1.

yulalina, i-ulalina (1) v. intr., fo fall over an edge or rim; to form an edge
in falling (2) v. intr, to form a beach or shore-line; said of water. (3)
subst , edge of thin articles, as of paper, or sheets of any kind. (4) prep.
and postp., alongside of, along the brink of: kike y. along a river side,
127, 11. Cf yiulina, yulina.

yulaléna, i-ulaléna (1) fo move forth and back, to rub, to make the motion
of rubbing: lematchatka y. to mash fine upon the mealing-stone, 149, 8. (2)
Yulaléna, nom. pr. of Link River, the outlet of Upper Klamath Lake,
running into Lower or Little Klamath Lake The name is interpreted
by ‘‘receding and returning water”; for the waters of Link River retreat
there under the pressure of the south wind to return afterwards, 94, 4.
(3) Yulaléna, nom pr. of Linkville, a town located on Link River, below
the cascade of this stream. Cf. I-uauna, Tiwishzé’ni.

yulina, d. yuyulina fo menstruate: i-unékszé'ni a y. after sunset I am men-
struating, 182; 2., cf. 185; 48. The distributive form also occurs in
puberty songs, and indicates that the catamenia have occurred repeatedly:
yuyuliné’pka, abbr. yuyulinné I am in the age of female puberty, 185; 47.,
ef. 182; 1. and Note. Cf. yiulina.

yulka, i-ulya, d yuytlza to go down, to strike the ground; said of an ar-
row or other missile: K’mukamts ti’ hak yt’Vka K’mdkamtch struck the
ground with his arrow this side of the mark, 99, 5.; ta’ a nit y. my bullet
(or arrow) struck down there Cf. 100, 20. 110, 9. 136, 3. Der. yua.

yumadsha, i-umadsha, d. i-omadsha (first @ pronounced long) to be at
the lower end or extremity. Cf lamadsha, tamddsha.

yushakéna ‘fo extend or put forward the index finger, 79,3 Der. yushka.

yushka, ytshza to put forward or to use the index finger when making
guesses in the spélshna-game. Cf yushzish.

yushzish second finger of hand; technical term used by gamesters in-
stead of spéluish: y. spélshisht by proffering the index finger, 19, 6.

110 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ytta, i-ttta, i-0’ta (1) to be heavy, weighty, ponderous; cf. yiitantko. (2) to
walk with heavy, ponderous steps: 169; 52. (8) to shoot at, to fire at: liuké-
yank a i-ti’'ta! lying in ambush they are firing! 30,3. Cf. 21, 16. 22, 9. 21.
23, 1.31, 2. (4) to hit or wound by shooting, firing: mans hi’k tehaké-
yank i-ti’ta for some time he, while sitting in the bush, fired with effect,
23, 21. (5) to kill by shooting or firing—In the definitions (3) (4) (5)
ylita is used only when many objects are spoken of; speaking of one
object, or of one shot hitting many objects, shlin, q. v. Cf ngé-isha, téwi.

yutantko heavy, weighty, ponderous; partic. of yuitna. Cf. tshdkatko

yutatka to cry, weep for, after somebody; said of mourners, of babes, or
of children prevented from following their parents, 89, 3.

yutetampka to begin shooting, to commence firing, 37, 12.: y. ktayat gip-
kash they began firing at them while they were in the rocky ledges or lava beds,
38,18. Der. yuta, q. v.

yutfila, yutilan; see i-utila

yutlanshna, d. yuyt’tlanshna to shoot or hit aside of the mark; to miss
the mark i direction, though not in distance, 99, 5. 100, 21. Der. yuta.

Ke

K alternates with g, x and, less frequently, with &, h, hh and g; in some
instances, k becomes nasalized into xk, ny ete Words with initial k, 7, and
e« not found under K, to be looked for under G or K; or, if nasalized,
under N. K- is sometimes prefix, abbr. from ke, ki thus, so; ef. kshdpa;
the prefix ke-, ki-, abbr. k-, refers to an act performed sideways or above;
the prefixes kshi-, gshe-, kshu- point to animate beings, or more frequently
to one animate being only, as object. The prefixes kui-, gui-, ku-, gu-
allude to distance, while in a few verbs the initial syllables (radicals here,
not prefixes) ka-, ga-, ke-, ge- indicate plurality of the subject or object.
The negative particle k4-i, not, is embodied in a few terms beginning with
k- or k-, cf kampka, kéyutch.
ka, ka, ga, gd; d. kaka, kagga, kak (1) pron. rel., abbr. from kat, q. v.,

usually proclitic: gd tudta (for tudtala) shkafnihaktch gatpa whosoever

has come, stronger (than I), 112, 2.; kagga i hemkankish? which words
have you been speaking (to me)? 158; 55. (2) pron. interr., abbr. from

yuta—ka-iha. itil

kanf, q. v.: ké tudta? ka tuak? what sort of —? what kind of —? 112,
8. 12.; ké tal (for kanf tala)? who then? 189; 7. (8) adv, so, so much,
that much, thus: abbr. from the adverb kink: ka tanni: ndén pé’tch three
Jeet long, lit. “so long: three feet”; yantch kak tan: 18” each of the ydntch-
plants is as tall as eighteen inches (tan for tanni), 146, 1.; ka tanni: 1’ one
foot long, 146, 12

ka, ga (1) adv., abbr. from ka-a, q. v. Cf. 122, 15. and Note. (2) conj.,
same as ak, ak a, akd; originated from the latter by apheresis of the a in
ak Quot under adv hit, q. v. Cf. ak, Ampka, kam.

ka-a, ka-d, kaa, contr. kd, ka, ga, adv. of quality: very, greatly, strongly,
largely; is found in connection with adjectives, adverbs, attributive and
other verbs, and is usually placed before them: ka attf, d. ka d-ati very
high or tall; ka-A ktchdlya the sun is quite hot; kda lia the fog is thick; k.
ma’sha it is bitter, it pinches the tongue; or: he is very sick, he feels acute
pain; k. papalish ef very mean character; k. pushptshli of a deep black
color; k. shéllual he fought bravely, with vigor, 56, 1; k. tidshi rather good-
looking, quite pretty, 183; 14.; ka-& tchémuka to be pitch-dark Cf. 182; 7.
Contr. into ga in 122, 15. (2) stands sometimes for our too, too much:
kad kalkdlish lt’lp gitke having too round eyes, having eyes very round-
shaped, 91, 5 and Note to 105, 7 Cf. mu, ska.

kda-ag, ké-ak; see gdhak.

kd-akt for kakat, d. of kat, q. v.

kA-asht, ké-ash; see gd-asht.

kaga, kaka, d. kikga to wear out, to use up: ka-i kagatko unworn, not torn,
not used up, complete, whole. Mod. for téga KI.

kahaha, d. kakahaha to ache, cry, cry loudly as one afflicted with pain: k.
shli’shim he ached, having been shot, 22, 11—Onomatop.; cf. gdhipa,
gaikanka, kaikaya, kéyaiha.

kahiéwa, d. kakiéwa to hunt up, to try to obtain, 182; 9. Cf. kaibfa.

kai, kai, yai, same as haf, q. v.; especially in use in the Mod dialect.

ka-i, kai, d. kaki, species of rabbit whose fur is white in winter, bluish in
summer: Lepus campestris.

ka-iha, kafha, kya, kaydhia, ké-ika, d. kakd-iga, kik4-ika (1) to seek, to
search, to look for, to start out after: kahhiank wéwanuish looking out for the

112 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Semales, 20, 6 ; wéwanuish ka-igéga im order to run after women, 186; 52.;
kakiash lish i k4-iga whom you perhaps look out for, 121, 13 ; ma’ns kaé-ika
I searched a long time for (the arrows); mbusant kayakuapk (nti) to-morrow
I shall go on the search, 136, 4. (2) to pursue, to chase; to hunt, hunt
down; to follow up in a hostile intention; chiefly in use for the pursuit of
enemies: dmputala kaydhia they chased them away, cut them off from the
water, 42, 20.; ka-itoks kéyaktgi nish he must not pursue me, 40, 4. Cf.
gdnkanka, haitehna, kayaktcha.

kafhha, kdbhia to miss the aim. See kaf’hha.

kaihtfa, kaigia, d. kakigia to hunt for, to pursue in the interest of somebody.
Cf. Note to 55, 14. ete. Der. kaé-iha.

kd-ika, gd-ika, ké-iga, d. kaki’ga (1) to behave extravagantly, to act in a
Joolish, silly, odd manner. (2) to swarm or skip around, to fool around:
tchashgai nfi k. I the weasel am behaving oddly, make odd jumps, 177; 12.,
Gh: 158% 525 sCf kala

kaikaya, gaikdya to sob, whine; to snore. Cf gaikdnka.

kd-ikanka, gafkanka, d. kakikanka to hunt after, to seek continually or
repeatedly, 182; 11. Der. k4-ika, same as ké-iha, q. v.

ka-ikash, gaikash, d. kaki‘kash, gaggi’kash (1) acting in an extravagant
manner ; behaving excitedly, oddly, foolishly: gaikash nuydémna fooling I run
about, 158; 52. (2) subst., wag, fun-maker, punster. (3) Mod. adj., silly,
imbecile Der. ka-ika.

kA-ikéma, kafyema, d. kakiyéma (1) not to know, not to recognize, to con-
sider as a stranger. (2) to suspect, to cast suspicions upon, 95, 10. 100, 12.:
at sa kayek’ma then they suspected (him), 100, 16.

kailalap’li, d. kakilalap’li (1) éo put on one’s leggings. (2) to put on one’s
pantaloons, trousers.

kailalapdéla, d. kakilalapdla to take off one’s leggings or pantaloons.

kailalapsh, d. kakilélapsh (1) pair of leggings, usually made of buck-
skin; an aboriginal garment covering the whole leg, but now out of use:
k.=kitko having leggings on, 90, 17. Cf. mitash, shndshniksh. (2) pair of
pantaloons, trousers.

kafli, kaili, d kakéli to gird oneself ; to put a belt on.

kaflish, kaflish, contr. kdlish, d. kékalish, kAkélish (1) belt, skin belt,

k&ihha—kayAta. 113

90, 6. 95, 2.: szi’'l k. otéer-skin belt; belts were made of the skins of almost
every quadruped, 90, 6. (2) loin cloth ; breech-clout originally made of skin.

kafliu, kafliu, d. kakaliu (1) mantle or robe made of rabbit skins or bird
skins, especially from duck-scalps; not made at the present time by the
Maklaks, but manufactured in great perfection and beauty by the In-
dian women of Puget Sound and on the coast north of it: k-skitatko
clad in a rabbit-skin mantle, 125, 2. (2) fur-skin mat; fur dress: kafliulam
skutash, or kaflio-skitash, fur-skin blanket or mantle, 125, 3.

Kaimom, nom. pr mase. KL; a son of Tsdéloyins, g. v. Some Indians
interpret this name by ‘“Light-Haired”. Cf. ké-i. ’

k4-ishna, d. kaki’shna (1) fo close with a cover or lid. (2) to close, shut
up a lodge or house by closing the door-flap, smoke-hole, door, or other
issue; to lock a door, 66, 4.

kaishnétkish, d. kakishnétkish lock, latch, door-latch.

kaishntla, kaishnéla, d. kakishnila (1) to open up a cover or lid; to un-
cover the top of the mud- or winter-lodge, 120, 12. 13. 15. 17. (2) to open
a door: kitchkaéni, kaishnuli! boy, open the door! ni gaishnila géka I open -
the door and go out Der. kaé-ishna.

kaishnulia, d. kakishnulia to uncover, open up, open the door for some-
body, 120, 17.

kaishtish, gashtish, d. kaki’shtish (1) door-flap of lodge. (2) hinge door,
door of room or house; cover serving as door or entrance, 66, 13.: waklakam
k. wall-gate, corral-gate.

kay dhia; same as ké-iha, q. v.

kayaktampka to begin hunting, pursuing, searching or looking out for,
126, 8. Der. ké-iha.

kayaktgi, 40, 4.; exhortat. mode of ka-iha, q _v.

kayaktka, d. kaki’ktka to return from the search, lookout, pursuit or hunt,
140, 7.141, 3 Der. ké-iha

kayaktcha, d. kakayaktcha (1) to go and look out for, to be searching for,
108, 4. 5. 110, 20. (2) to be engaged in pursuing: maklaksish k. they pur-
sued the Indians, 43, 4. Der. ka-iha.

kayaktchna, d. kakayaktchna to pursue to a distance, 30, 11.

kaydta, the smallest kind of Klamath dwellings: 183; 18. The two old

Thunders, parents of the five Thunders, are supposed to have lived in a
8

114 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kayata or little lodge, while their progeny lived in an earth-lodge. Cf.
kdtni, and Notes to 111, 12.; 112, 3.

kaydatala to erect a kaydta-lodge.

kayek’ma, 100, 15; see k4-ikéma.

kiyetcho, same as kii’dshu, q. v.

kayutch, kayuds, kayu, Mod. ké-iu, kéyu (1) not yet, not at the time be-
ing: k. niti’‘ka wékash pond-lily seed is not ripe yet, 74, 7.; k. tud kii’sh not
any tos at all, 118, 4, ef. 184; 37; kayt shlapatko not yet opening out or
blossoming. (2) before, prior to: ké-iu Bédshtinash gadtpish before the
Americans arrived, 90, 16. (3) never, at no time. Der. ké-i, titch or u, hu.

kayutchish, d. kaké-utchish; see ké-utchish.

kak, kak; see ka.

kik, kdkat; see kat.

kakiak, d. kakakiak a species of little white marine shells.

kakiaksh, kaAkiegsh, Mod. kdkiegsh, d. kakakieksh whirlwind, cyclone,
tornado. Der. kakfdsha.

kakiash, obj. d. of kanf, pron. interr., and of kat, pron. rel., q. v.

kakidsapéle, d. kakakidsapéle, 20, 4.; same as kaki’dsha, q. v.

kakidsha, gaki’dsha, d. kak’ki’dsha, gaggagi’dsha to proceed by turns;
to move, to fly in serpentine, meandering, winding lines ; to go snake-like; said
of the shki’-bird, 167; 36.

kdAklash, d. kakdklash saddle: k. hi illdla to take off the saddle. Cf. iklash.

kaknéga, d. kakaknéga to besmear, to soil: k. shidshka to soil, to make
dirty; lit. “to smear and rub on”; kaknégatko dirty, soiled, unclean.
Cf. shidshka.

kaknéla, d kakaknéla to put on, to be dressed in an elk-skin armor or par-
flesh: partic. kaknélatko; kakaknélatk giug on account of being protected
by elk-skin parfleshes, 17, 4.

kaknélsh, d. kakaknélsh armor, parflesh, war-cuirass; was made of half-
tanned, doubled-up skins, usually elk-skins, and when put on as a cuirass
was almost impenetrable to arrows. Indians used them all over Oregon
and the Columbia River Basin. Neii/-ishtka shlin kakno’Ish to strike the
cuirass with arrows; k. téméshka, shlétya to abstract, to take away parfleshes,
21, 4.5. Incantation: 178; 5.

kaydtala—kalkma. 115

kako’dsha, gako’tcha, d. kak’k0/dsha (1) to cross, to go across, to go over to:
Skélamtch k. Lémé-ishamksh Old Marten passed over to the place where the
Thunders were, 113, 18. (2) to ford a river, brook, or other shallow
water while traveling. Der. gikua.

kako’kish, kakogsh, d. kak’kd’kish ford; Jording place of a river or shal-
low water. In 74, 16. is mentioned a ford over a tributary of Williamson
River, remarkable by its blackish waters; the ford is close to the outflow
of Klamath Marsh into the Williamson River. Der. gékua.

kakélakpka, d. of gd-ulakpka, q. v.

kakpatnétkish, d. kakakpatnétkish (1) pin, cloth-pin, Kl. (2) screw,
Mod. Der. k&patna.

kakta, d. of kténa,q.v; kaktak, see kadtak.

Kaktsamkshi, nom pr. of a camp and little spring near the subagency
buildings at Ydneks.

kaAl, gal, d. gagal species of tree-moss of black or dark color.

kala, pl. tami k., flat and round or ovoid basket having the shape of a
bucket and made in the Shasti country of roots growing there. They
are of various sizes; the larger ones, impervious to water, serve for boiling
water and for cooking food, 113, 9. Mini k. a large flat bucket, 112, 21.
The cooking by means of this vase is described 112, 21-1 13,4: Tékiam
k. cup made of horn.

kalak, d. kakdlak person relapsed into disease; used attributively, 72, 1.;
predicatively, 72, 2.: k. antch (for a nfish) ma’sha ké-ak vudékuisham
ntish J have suffered relapses on account of having been beaten.

kalam, poss. of kanf, pron.; and of kat, pron. rel., q. v.

kdlapsh, d. kakdlapsh decayed log. Cf kalina, under k’léka.

kalina fo die; see k’léka.

kalkala, d. kakalkala to rustle; said of crawling reptiles.

kAlkéla, d. kakalkéla (1) to fall sick, to hurt oneself, to be hurt, 158; 54.
(2) to relapse into sickness; to become kdlak.

kalkma, kAlymi, pl. timi k., woman’s skull-cap made of the roots of trees
found in the ancient domain of the Shasti tribe, in Northern California.
This cap is of half-globular shape and also serves as drinking-cup. Der.
kalkali, kma’, Cf. kmi’, maksha.

VW

116 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kAlksh, d. kékalksh, a peculiar fishing-implement or scoop not unlike
the meat- or flesh-hooks used by the Romans, called creagra. Der. kAlkali.

kalktchdéla, d. kakalktchdla to catch fish by means of the kalksh.

KAalpshi, nom. pr. of Silver Lake; a water basin about seventy miles north-
east of the outlet of the Williamson River, bordered by rocks inclosing
petrifactions. Cf. kalapsh.

kaéltchitchiks, d. kakdltchitchiks (1) spider; its incantation: 175; 15.
(2) the magic song called “spider”, sung by the conjurer during the
treatment of relapsed patients, 72, 4. 73, 1. 3. Der. kélkali, tehi‘dsha.

kaltchuyutga, d. kakaltchuytiga lo be red hot or incandescent, KI. Cf
ktchuiléka, tchtitchiga.

kéluish, d kakdluish anterior dorsal fin, above the gills, 177; 31.

kam, kaém, particle expressing desire, hope, probability; corresponds
somewhat to our adverb “fain”: ht’kt kam gdtpant, i kam gAtpant, I hope
he, you will come; ni’ kam hi’tksh telti‘lit I would like to look down (upon
it), 192; 4. From ak, am.

k&malsh, gdmalsh, d. kAkmalsh dried fish reduced to powder. The vari-
ous species of fish, caught by the Maklaks, are hung on limbs of trees
to be dried by sunheat, then pounded and filled into sacks holding 50
to 70 pounds, to be stored in cachés and kept for winter. They often buy
this kind of provisions from Warm Spring Indians, who call the sacks
tgillak. Kamals paha they dry and prepare the fish, 74, 3. Der. gama.

kampka to be deprived of, to stand in need of, the object missed being
usually added to the verb; lap tatakiash (or simply: l4p) k. to lose two
children by death; kémp’kuk kéliak pash tiii’ma the indigent man is hungry
when he lacks food, 136, 8.—Contr. from kawampka; cf. kawantko.

k4mtilaga, species of black snake of the genus Bascanium: its incanta-
tion: 165; 8. Of. 180; 16.

kan, d. kakan urine-bladder. Cf shufdshash.

kdAndan forms (1) oblique cases of the sing. of kat, pron. rel., q. v.; or (2)
stands for kanitani and kaniftant, q. v.

kanf, kaéni, abbr. kan, ka, obj. kanash, kAnsh, kdnts, poss. kalam, Mod. ka-
nam; d. kaka, obj kdkiash (1) pron. interr., who? what? which? referring to

persons and animals as well as to inanimate things: k. hu? k hi’t gi? ewho is

kalksh—kanktak. 117

he, she? mish k. géndlla? who has touched you? 184; 36.; kdni lakf? what
husband? what sort of a husband? 186; 55.; k. hushétchipka? who és riding
towards me? 182; 3. 189; 4.; kén ish shlin? who shot me? 138, 2., cf. 74,
12; kants (for kAnash) sliudpkst who might be shot, 21, 10.; kdlam exe
latchash gi? who owns this house? kanim shapiya (1)? by whom were you
told? 41, 1.; kani 4nku shlii’a i? which tree do you see? (2) pron indef,
somebody, some one; anybody, any one: hii k. ko'l @’nt when somebody carries
kol about oneself, 147, 12 ; hiik. shlii’-a, shudlka 7f somebody finds, saves, 13",
16.; k4-i k. nobody, not anybody, not one (anim. and inan.); kaftoks k. vuini’zi
certainly no one conquers (him), 134, 14. 15.; ké4-i kAnts shfuksh not to kill
anybody, 64, 14.; nti fn ka-i kAnash shapftak I shall tell it to nobody, 40, 8.
Suffixed to adjectives, -kani means an uncounted, undetermined number:
nfi kinkan-kansh, i’toks ttima-kan’sh watch gitko I possess a few horses, but
you have many ; lit. ‘‘a few ones”, “many ones”. Cf. 60, 13., and yana-
kanf, kitchkAni, also ka No. 1 (2).

kani, kéni, génf, d. kakni, adj. and adv., being or staying outdoors ; one who,
one thing which, those who are outside, without, out of doors, out of the house:
maklaks a kani’g (for kanf gi) an Indian is outside; maklaks a kAkni several
Indians are outside; kani gidnk being outside of the lodge, 121, 9.; kii’gi a
kan{ gi nobody is outside; tam i kani paka? do you smoke outdoors? kani'
gekno'la he went out, he left the house, 141, 9.; kAtni for kAkni outdoors,
outside of the lodge, 121, 10.

kanitani, d. kaknitani (1) adj., exterior, being on the outside of. (2) subst.,
outside, exterior; crust.

kanitant, kanftan, kanita, d. kaknitant, kaknfta, prep. and postp., out-
side of: ambu k., or: kanitan 4mpu out of the water, not in the water ; kanfita
pi'sh outside of his lodge, lit. ‘outside of himself”, 71, 2.; kanita nen? who
is that fellow (making noise) outside?

kank, abbr. ka, adj. and adv., so many; so much, that much; Lat. tantum,
tot: k. shé’sha that was the cost, 44, 11.; k. shéshiitko worth that price ;
kant (for k, at) kfi’sh so many pine-trees, 148, 21. K. is correlative with
tank in tankéni (tank a ni) in 70, 9. From kAnni, gi. Of. ka No. 1 (3).

kanktak (1) adj. and adv, emphatic form of k4nk: so many, an equal
number of ; so much; when referring to time: so long, 74, 8. (2) enough,

118 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

sufficiently ; when added to a verb, or when standing for itself, it corre-
sponds in Mod. exactly to Kl. gétak (2) and (3), q. v. (8) exclam. or
inter] , you or ye stop! quit! hold on! enough of it! give us a rest! Mod.
Cf. giini. (4) adv., quietly, with case, dispassionately, 34, 13. Mod.

kAanni, gdnni, abbr. k4n so many, such a number of; chiefly used when
pointing at objects or counting them on the fingers: g4nni witch so many
horses. Cf. ka, kank, tanni.

kant, 148, 21.; see kank.

kAnts for kanash; see kani, (1) pron. interr., and (2) pron. indef.

kap, d. kakap stalk; see tkap.

kdapa, d. kakpa cup, saucer, small vase. From the English cup. Cf. pdko.
On kapa, 164; 4., see Note.

kapdga, d. kakpaga little cup, dipper, saucer. Dim. képa. Cf. tutish.

kapata, d. kakpata to touch, to reach up to: kalé k. k&pka the kdpka-pine
reached to the skies, 100, 8. Cf. kAptehi.

Kapga’‘ksi, nom pr. of a camping-place on Klamath Marsh; lit. ‘‘at the
thicket of kApka-pine trees”.

kapiunks, pl timik. a palatable black seed growing on the kApiunksam-
grass on prairies, and ripening about the month of August, 146, 5. 6.;
k.-shitko in the same manner as kdpiunks, 148, 6.

kapiunksam the plant producing the képiunks-seed; described 146, 3-6.

kapka, d. kakapka (1) species of low pine growing on the Klamath Lake
reservation: Pinus contorta. In spring its fiber-bark (stépalsh) is peeled
off by the natives and eaten: 148, 20. 150, 2. (2) young pine-tree: 82, 11.
100, 7. 8. 101, 16. This definition was obtained from many Indians, but
its correctness was doubted by others. Der. tkap.

kapkablantaks! interj., be silent! hush up! stop talking or crying! 192;
7. Der. kapkap, also occurring in kapkapagink i, q.v Cf. kémkem, and
the ki ki refrain mentioned in Note to 194; 2.

kapkaga, d. kakapkaga a young or small pine of the k&pka species: ni
kéka kapka-Agatat I climbed up the young kdpka-pine, 101,15. Dim. kapka,
and double dim. of tkap.

kipkapo, tzatzabo, d. kakapkapo, tyatzatzabo wrist-bone. Der. tzdpo.
Cf. nawdlash.

k4nni—kat. 119

kapo, gdpu, d. kékpo, gakpo coat, citizen’s coat, dress; overcoat. From Ch.
J.; this from French capot: overcoat.

kapoéla, d. kakpédla (1) to take off the coat. (2) to undress.

kapdépéli, d. kakpdépéli to put the coat on.

kapépka, d. kakpdpka to put another’s coat on

kaptu, kapto, pl. timik., a species of small sucker-fish, named by Prof.
E. D. Cope Chasmistes brevirostris, sp.nov. They are fourteen to sixteen
inches long, body nearly cylindric, dusky above, silvery below; caught in
April, before the larger sucker species, in the Klamath lakes and in the
Williamson River: 74, 1.

kAptcha, gdptcha, d. gagdptcha (1) to go behind. (2) to hide behind, to be
close to, to be in contact with. (3) k. or gAptche fifth finger, small finger ; the
spur of certain birds: kaptchélam shindktish, q. v.; gaptchdtka tchi’lzia
they placed on the floor with their small fingers, 113, 3., cf. 113, 4. (4) the
moons or months of the Miklaks year, which are counted on the smallest
finger, and correspond inaccurately to our May: gaptsatka in May, 74,
1.; gaptchctka tyalampani 1870 in the middle of May 1870, 36, 7.; and to
our December, 75, 17. Cf. yankapshti, kapata.

kaptchélam shindktish (1) fourth finger of the hand, or ring finger.
(2) the moons or months counted on this finger; they correspond, though
not exactly, to our April, 75, 21., and to our November, 75, 16.

Kapuak, nom. pr. mase.: ‘Little Coat on”, 140, 4.9. Der. kapo.

kapttko, d. kakpitko wearing a coat, dressed in a coat. Der. k&po.

kashma the edible root or bulb of a plant growing on rocky ground, 146, 7.

Kassilag, nom. pr. masc., a son of Tsélozins, gq. v. The name is in-
terpreted by “Straying, Runaway”.

kat, kat, abbr. ka, obl. kindan, d. kékat, met kdé-akt, abbr. kdk, obj. ka-
kiash, (1) pron. dem.-rel., that one who, that which, those who or which (2)
pron. rel., who, what, which. Applies to anim. and inan. equally: k. htik
shli’kshga the ones who had almost killed him, 30, 6.: k. bik hi’t tebti lali’ga
Taht’shash which thing since then stuck on Mud Hen, 97, 1.; kat plai
tehia who dwells on high, 139, 1.; tsti ni shlin hi/nk, kat hak yii'ta then
I wounded the one who was shooting, 23, 1.; kandan hii’nk shlin the one
whom I had shot, 23, 20., ef. 30, 18.; kanda nat ii’na the one whom we car-

120 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ried, 24, 9.; kAhaktok whatsoever, 71, 7. and Note; ndnuktua k4é-akt hfik
giig all various kinds (of beings) which ewist here, 94, 3.; hifi’ksa, kak at
tini’zi tsa those who had just gone up hill, 23, 13.; tatakshni, kaékiash ¢ ké-iga
the children, whom you are seeking, 121, 13. Cf. 68, 10. and ka No 1 (1).

ka’t, pl. tumik.; see gi't.

kata, d. kakata (1) v. intr., to break asunder; said of strings, straps, reins:
shtchigtyishti pukii’wish a katatk the bridle-rein is broken. (2) v. trans,
to cause to break; to gnaw through. Cf. kaga, katchka, ukata.

katags, katoksh, d. kakataks (1) adj., frosty, cold, cool, chilly (of weather):
k. gi-udpka gén waitash it will be cold to-day. (2) subst., the cold, frost,
chill, chilliness: kAtogshtka 4mbu we’sh k’léka, or kAtogshtka A4mpti wén,
by cold the water turns into ice. Der. katka.

Kata gsi, nom. pr. of a camping-place on eastern part of Klamath
Marsh; lit. “‘where gi’t-bushes are”.

kdtak, katok, d. kéktak (1) adv., truly, faithfully, with veracity: k. gi to
speak, tell the truth; kaktak pi/la hémkanka to speak nothing but the truth,
61, 3.; nfi ké-i kaktak héwa I doubt these things. Cf. 64,11. 139, 1. (2)
subst., the truth, what is true: k. gé-u what I know to be true, 65, 7. (3) k.
for katak gi, the gi having coalesced with final -k: fo tell the truth, 61, 4

kAt’hidwash (1) tying up the hair and putting something long in it; an
Indian conjurer’s manipulation in curing sickness: 165; 9. 181; 3. (2)
name of a little white aquatic bird with a forked tail; the forks are
slightly ovoid; the ‘‘doctor” sings the magic song of this bird.

katka, katga, d. kakatka (1) to feel cold, to be cold (on body): k. ni I am
cold; gé-u tchole’ks k my body is cold all over. (2) to have the body or
parts of it frozen; chiefly said of nose, ears etc., while freezing of hands
and feet is ndé-itia. Cf. éwa, kdtags, ské, techkawa.

katni (for kayatni) adj., sitting, staying, or living in a kayata-lodge, 112, 10.

k4tni, 121, ‘0.: for kékni, d. of kanf No. 2., q. v.

katokfwash, d. kakatokfwash, pl. tami k., (1) promontory, hillspur, foot-
hill. (2) Katogiwash, nom. pr. of the Sacramento River country and In-
dians, being situated south of a number of spurs or promontories to be
passed when coming from the Klamath or old Modoc country. Katugi-
washam Koke, nom. pr. of the Sacramento River, Northern California.

kdtpash, d. kakatpash tail of bird.

ka’t—ka-utttkish 127

kat’sitsutsuéas the power of producing large snowflakes ; it is attributed
to conjurers, cf. 181; 3.

katch4ga, d. kaktchdga (1) to miz, to mix up. (2) to knead, as dough;
to handle, stir up: katchakéla to stop stirring up or kneading.

katchakiéni, d. kaktchakiéni to stir up, set in motion, as liquids, Mod.

Katsaklatko, nom. pr. masc.; interpreted by: ‘Bump-Buttocks”.

Ka’‘tsi, nom. pr. of a little spring at Yaneks.

katchka, d. kak&tchga, v. trans, fo break by striking, to break, as strings
tied or fastened to some object. Of. kata.

katehkal, d. kakétchkal (1) Indian tobacco, a mixture of leaves from
various growths, known as kinnikinnik, killikinik, an Algonkin term:

pa‘ks katchkalam mii’luash the pipe is the implement for the weed, 167; 33.,
ef. 178; 12. (2) tobacco, the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum, usually sold in
flat pressed bars in the United States, 189; 1.: k. pAn to masticate tobacco,
136, 8. 137, 1.3. Der. katch4ga. Cf. kédkanka.

kAtchna pine-log; fallen pitch-pine tree: katchannat, loc. for kAtchna-at,
into a pine-log, 111, 16.

Katsuats, nom. pr of a locality and camp on Sprague River; it is in-
terpreted by: “wild rocks sloping into the river”.

Kauhafpkni, Kauhafpni, nom. pr. of a tribe of Indians (uncertain
which) visited by Klamath Lake Indians in the vicinity of Oregon City,
on lowest course of Will4met River, Oregon.

Kattkatsi Yaina, nom. pr. loc. of a mountain in the Klamath Lake
Highlands: 193; 14.

ka-ukaé-uli, Mod. ke-uké-uli, kevkévli, d. kakuké-uli, Mod. kekuké-uli
brown, cinnamon-colored, light sorrel. Sometimes abbr. into ka-uk4-u.

ka-ukawa, d. kakukdwa ¢o rattle, to make a clattering noise, 122, 9.

ka-uléktana, d. kakuldktana to step across a space, as floor, room, in-
side of a lodge ete. Der. ga-tla

ka-uloktantkt4mna, d. kakuloktantkt4mna fo continue walking forth
and back across a space, 113, 13. and Note. Der. ka-uldéktana, -tka, -tamna.

ka-ult’/ktcha, d. kakult/ktcha to spy, to spy out; to scout, to be ona
scouting trip. Der. ga-tila.

ka-uttitkish, d. kaka-utitkish, species of scorpion one inch in length
and much dreaded. Der kawita.

122 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Kawa, Kata, nom. pr. of a camp at YAneks inhabited by Modoc Indians.
Apocopated from Kawam, q. v.

kawaka ga, d. kakaukdga, kawakaukiga to rip up with the teeth; to tear
to pieces with the teeth, 127, 5. Cf. kako.

kiwam, kawiam, d. kékuam (supply dmpu, or kokedga) spring or water
peopled with eels; some of these springs in the Klamath country are con-
sidered sacred, since bathers derive from their use miraculous effects on
character and bravery. 17; 4. and Note. Poss. case of kAwe.

K4awam or Kawiam Koke, (1) nom. pr. of Columbia River of Oregon; also
called Tima-Kawe-Gitko, “many lamprey-eels”. (2) nom. pr. of Hel River
in Northern California. Poss. case of kawe.

Kawamkshiksh, nom. pr. of a fishing place and camp-on Sprague
River; lit. ‘‘Kels’-Place”. Cf. kAwam.

Kawamyé ni, nom. pr. of a spring and camp on Sprague River, where
eels are caught; lit. “Eels’-Home”. (Cf. kAwam.

kawantko, d. kakawantko poor, indigent, 182; 10.: k. papdtalish poor
and begging. Der. ki-i, wi. See kampka.

kawe, ké-ui, d. kakui (1) eel (2) lamprey eel, 93, 5. Forms the name
of several springs and rivers; cf. kawam and its derivates

kawiaga, d. kakuydga (1) young eel, 177; 30. (2) a species of small eel
or eel-like fish. Dim. kawe

kawtta, d. kakwita fo catch, to get hold of; to catch what is thrown, 80, 9-

ki’ batzya, d keki’batya to cover, as with straw, earth, mud.

kibatzdéle d kekibatzdle to uncover, disinter: wétta hissuaks kibatzo’1-
sham the man laughed when they disinterred him, ’4, 14.

kifla, kia’la, ké/la, obj., kiifla and kiiflash, loc. kiflatat, kiflant, kiifla, (d.
kikiifla), pl. timi k., (1) earthy matter, mud, dirt; soil, ground: k. spiamna
to drag out dirt, 163; 14., ef. 157; 42.; k. shuta to work underground, to be
a miner; kiiilant skAtyipéli to carry down to the ground in a basket, 95, 22.
(2) place, section or piece of land, farm: ‘“Tchéwam Sti”, tehihuk sii’satk
k. a place called the ‘‘Antelopes Pathway,” 29, 11.; Fairchildim k.

gishi’kni coming from Fairchild’s farm, 55, 11.; Tuli’sh k., Tt’kua kii‘la the
place Tulish, Tukua, 142, 2-5., ef. 11. (3) district, country, land, region:

kiiflatat m’ndlam in their respective districts, or lands; gé-u k. my own

Kawa—kika’kli. ae

country, my native land; Béshtinam k. the land of the whites, the United
States; Yamatkni’sham k. in the country of the Oregonians, in Oregon, 5A, 1.;
k.ndkant all over the country, 157; 40.; k. sayuakta to be acquainted with
the country, 16, 15. Cf. 36, 19. 20. 89, 5-7. (4) the earth or world as far
as known to these Indians: kiflash shutélan having made the earth, 125,
1., cf. 103, 5. 142, 1.; génta kiiflatat about this world, 94, 2.; ndnukashni
k. the universe. Several telluric phenomena gave rise to superstitious
fears expressed in “earth songs,” a most remarkable class of song lines:
158; 48. 175; 16. 176; 3. 192; 3. 9. In some other incantations the
earth is simply made mention of; 162; 5. 173; 2. 174; 9.10. 175; 19.
192; 8. On the meaning of k. in creation myths, see Note to 96, 23.

kaflala, ki’lala, d. kiikiflala (1) to haul earth, dirt, or mud; to carry off
earth. (2) to make, procure a country, or world; to create the earth or world.

kiilalfa to make or create a country or world for somebody, 103, 5.

kiflanti, d. kikiflanti yellow ground snake, a species of the genus Pityo-
phis. Der. kéfla (1).

kaflaptchi, d. kikaflaptchi carth-colored, gray, the color shade of many
woolen blankets. Cf. ltashptchi, mii’kmikli. Der. kiifla, -ptehi.

kiflash, gélash, d. kikiflash semen, seminal fluid, 186; 58.; kiflash
shtani! an opprobrious epithet in use among the Maklaks. Der. kiifla (1).

kaila-shuishatish, pl. témi k. (1) excavator, miner. (2) mole; lit.
“ oround-worker,” 134, 17. Der. kifla, shita.

kafla-shutesh, d. kifla-shishtesh ploughed land, cultivated area; corn-
field, agricultural land. Der. kifla, shita.

ki’katilsh, pl. tami k. (1) hair under armpits. (2) Ki‘katilsh, nom. pr.
of an Indian tribe inhabiting the Dalles of the Columbia River, Oregon.
On their origin, see 143, 3. and Note. This name, ‘the Armpit-Hairy ”,
is a contemptuous nickname bearing analogy to Kii’kakilsh and to Sma‘k,
q.v. Cf. viiyukiaks.

kikia’ kli, kaka‘kli, d. kikaki’kli (1) green, the common word for this
color; said of leaves, grass, etc. (2) yellow, copper colored; of a reddish,
yellowish metallic shine: k. watiti copper, brass, bronze; k. tala, k. tchikemal,
Mod., gold coin, metallic gold; k. yamnash or i/mnaks yellow beads of a
rounded shape, K1.; k. liloks yellow fire-lame, 99, 3. Original form:
kiikka’kli. Cf. kédsha, tolaliptehi.

124 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kikiktkanf tsikka, name of a forest bird not specified, perhaps the
oriole; stands for ki’kikli-tkani tehfkash, “bird somewhat yellow,” 180; 8.

Ka’ kiishti, nom. pr. of a mountain on Upper Klamath Lake.

‘kiiknétkish, ka‘knotch, d. kikaknétkish shovel. Cf kéka.

ki’ ktsna, see kédshna. .

kii’la, d. kikdla; see ki’la.

Kii’lalkshi, Ki’lalks (1) nom. pr. of a mountain on the east side of
middle part of Upper Klamath Lake, near Captain Ferree’s house. (2)
nom. pr. of a locality west of Upper Klamath Lake: ‘“ Dirt-hauling Place”,
142, 6. Der. kaflala.

ki lash, gélash; same as kiiflash, q. v.

ki’ lish, obj. case of ki/liak; see kéliak.

Kii’mpt, nom. pr. mase., “The Tall One”: Shasti name of Captain Jack,
the Modoe chief; kimpi, gfmpi great, large, in Shasti. See Kintpuash.

kii’sh, d. kii’kash, K1., same as shkfsh, q. v.

ki’tch, d. ki’kiitch (vowels long) a species of magpie: Pica melanoleuca .
hudsonica. Onomatop.; ef. wekwékash.

kii’tsa, ki’tcha, ki/tsna; see kédsha, kédshna.

ké@, ge, ki’, gii’, procl. and encl. ke, gii; poss. kélim. (1) pron. dem., this
here, this; refers to one person, animal or inan. object within sight and in
close proximity; Lat. hicce, hocce. (2) pron. pers., he, she, it—It is the
simplex form of ké‘k, q. v., and the radix of gét and gé-u. Gii’ ki hii
shlako’tkish this thing here is an ax, 178; 10.; git’ a gé-u kakniilsh this is
my war-cuirass, 178; 5.; gi’ kant? who right there? 182; 3.; ké hai, gé
hai this one before you; ke’ lish tok walzatchkatko gilf this (woman) has
entered the lodge of a poorly dressed (husband), 189; 7; kalam gé latchash
gi? who owns this house? kélim wuni’bi wenufpkam wewéas she is a
widow with four children; gétala this way, through here; see gitala.

ke, ke, ki, d. kek, adv., so, thus; “what follows”; used in introducing
speeches in the form as delivered. Cf. 155; 19. 185; 43. KI. for kfe
Mod., q. v.

kédsha, ke’tcha, ki’tcha, d. kékatcha, kéktcha (1) to leave, abandon, cast
away, said of persons: tehti piin kédsa Patil then Ball left (his wife) again,

78, 10.; ef. 77, 2. 3. and vutédshna. To throw away, reject, said of inan,

kakaktkani tsikka—kéknish. 125

things. (2) 4o run away from, to flee, withdraw: kiméti ké/ktcha to with-
draw from the cave, 42, 21. (pass.). (3) to give an answer or answers, to
reply to, lit. “to throw out words”: ké-i kéktchank hi/nksh not replying to
him, keeping silence, 110, 19. Of. wAlya.

kedshamkedshalkéa to wheel or turn around on one’s Feet.

kédshlaksh, d. kekAdshlaksh heap, pile; pue of wood, 85, 7.

kédshna, ki’tsna, d. kekédshna, ki‘ktsna (1) to cast, throw away. (2) to
spread, to sprinkle; to sow. (38) to flee away, to take Slight, to withdraw ; to
be running away, 88, 10.: tsi k. sa, tsi A4mbutat géna then they fled and
ran ito the water, 20, 3. Der. kédsha.

ké-ish, ké-ishala; see ké’sh, ké’shala.

kek, gék, gék, gii’g, obj. kékish, gé’ksh, poss. kékélam; pl. ke’ksha,
gégsha. (1) pron. dem., this here, this; same as ké and a reduplication of
it, but referring almost exclusively to persons and other anim. beings
in close proximity: kék tidshi (gi) he is of good character ; ké’ksha titAdshi
they are good men, people; gé’k hink nti élya I give name to this person;
htik gék this here; kek this ( patient) here, 15%; 54.; kat gék wA which lives
there, 129, 7.; nanuktua kd-akt hii’k giig all whatsoever is here, 94, 3.; gé'k
a li’lp, mimuatch these are the eyes, ears (of the old hag’s spirit), 178;
13.; ka-i a ké’k Afsis! this is not Aishish! supposing him to be at a
distance, 100, 16. (2) pers. pron., he, she, it; pl. they: gékish tchék
klewiudpka at ye will flinch before him, 39, ).

kéka, ki’ka, d. kék’ka, kii’k’ka to bore, pierce, perforate with an awl, nail
ete ; as cloth, wood, portions of the body ete. Cf. kii’k, tkéka, tuéka.

kékanka, d. kekékanka to spend, lavish, throw away: tala k. to spend
money, 182; 9. Cf. kédsha (1).

kékélam, gé’ggélam, poss. pron. of third person singular, anim., his, her,
its; his, hers, its; the poss. case of kék, q. v.: k. mdklaks his or her pro-
geny, descendants ; k. ma’ntchni mdklaks his, her ancestors.

kékélamsham, poss. pron. of third person plural, anim., their, theirs ;
the poss case of ké‘ksha, pl. of kek: k. p’tishap their father.

kekeluipalish, pl. timik,, dissolute, debauched person, male or female.

kékga, 43, 3.; see géka

kéknish, pl. timi k,, (1) @ falling of snow: hitak a kéknish gi Ati there

126 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

was a heavy snow-fall here; hit ké-i k. not much snow fell here. (2) heap
of fallen snow; snow heap. Der. kéna.

ké@kteha, 110, 19.; see kédsha.

k@ xt gi to become pale in the face.

kéladshla to collect kelétch-berries annually or habitually: k’ladshlii’mi in
the 'la'dsh-gathering season, a period of the year commencing in the middle
of August and extending into autumn, 46, 9. Der kélatch.

kélayua, species of long-tailed mouse, black, with large eyes, living in
earth-holes. Its incantation: 165; 10, cf. 179; 10. Cf. K’liiyudga.

kélamtcha, d. kakélamtcha to close the eyes: 1 kélamtsank si’tk la/dshna
ye wander as if ye had your eyes closed, 64, 11.

kélamtchtadmna, d. kak’lamtchtdmna to continue closing and opening the
eyelids ; to keep on winking, to nictate, to blink. Cf. shuekdptcha.

kélatch, Wkla’dsh, kla-ads, kl4s, pl. timi k., a bean-shaped, sweet-tasting,
black or deep blue berry growing on the low kélétcham-bush Some In-
dians compare it with a whortleberry, others with a prune; 7), 5. To
the natives it is an important article of food, cf 146, 8-11.

kélateham, pl. timi k., the bush producing the kéldtch-berry; this bush is
of low growth (wikéni), not over eight inches high; 146, 8 Cf kélatch

kéla-una, ké'la-una to cover up with, to bury in; to throw down or upon:
kitla k. to cover with earth, mud, dirt; to bury, inter, 85, 11. Der. kiiila.
Cf. kélua, kéla-ush, shekelaléna, sheké’Iki.

kéla-ush, klé-ush, k’lé-ush, pl. timik., sand Der. kiifla. Cf. k’laishaltko.

kéla’ pi, kla’pi, d. klakli’pi; see kli’pi.

kélam, kélaim, poss. pron. of third person sing., his, her, its; his, hers, its;
the poss. case of ké, gé, q. v.

kélmash, gélmash, d. kekAlmash tear, eye-water, 110, 15.

ké@ltama, d. keka’ltama to drop on, to let fall upon, 80, 1.

kélua, ki/lua, ki’Thua, kii’lua, d. kekdlua, kikalhua (1) v. trans., to throw
down or into, to cover up with, to fill up: k. kifla flyuk they fill up the earth
into the grave to bury (the corpse), 87, 11.; kifla ki’lua they fill up with
carth, 148, 18. (2) vy. intr., to pass over, to cover up, said of liquids:
dmba a n’sh nt’sh kilhua the water went over my head. Of. keld-una.

kémuteha, kémutchatko; see k’miutcha.

kéktcha—Ké-utchiamtch. 127

kéna, d. kékna tt snows, snow falls: kéntak 4-ati deep snow has fallen, K1.;
kékna much snow falls; it is snowing all over the country ; mt kii’na there is
a heavy snowfall, 75, 17. Of. kéknish.

kéndwat, Mod. kandwat, d. kakn4wat horse-sorrel, a vegetable’ growing
to the height of 1 to 2 feet; the leaves are eaten when young and soft.
Found in the Shasti country, around the Siskiyou mountain ridge. In
warmer climates this lettuce-shaped plant grows very fast, but in the Kla-
math Highlands it is of a stunted growth. Leaves lanceolate or obo-
vate, 3 inches long. A species of Rumez, or “dock” is called horse-sorrel
in the east of the United States. 94, 9. and Note; 146, 12.

kénékan, Mod. kii/nkan, d. kekAnkan, species of tree-squirrel, long and
of grayish hue: Sciurus fossor. Of kenkatflatuash.

kenkat{latuash, one of the popular names given to the wandka or
young silver fox. Of, kénékan.

kendéla, d. kekndla to cease snowing: kendlasht after snowing. Der. kéna.

ké’sh, ké-ish, pl. timi k., snow:'k. ki/gi the snow is gone; k. milua the snow
is ready (to arrive), 170; 60.; kelidnta ké-ishtat when no snow covered the
ground, 37, 21.

ké@’shala to produce snowfall, to make snow This artifice is attributed to
several birds, as to the tchiutchiwiish, 180; 7., the wihuash, 180; 8.

kétlash, gétlash, d. gegatlash block of wood on which the fire-drill sage-
brush stick (gi’t) is turned. These wood-blocks are usually taken from
the cedar-tree (viluandsham).

kétcha, kédsha, kédsa; ketchkéni; see kitcha; kitehkéni.

ke-uké-uli, kevkévli; see ka-uké-uli.

ke-uldla, d. kekuldla to push into, to push towards, as with a stick: ke-
uldlapka to push away into, to make go further, 96s 1.

ké-una, gé-una, ké-uni, d. kekti’na, gegé-una, adv., (1) slowly, at an easy
pace ; nat gii’-fina géna we proceeded slowly, 24, 6. (2) loosely: k. shlitchlka
to tie loosely. (3) lightly, not heavily.

ké-uni, d. keki/ni, gegdé-uni, adj., (1) slow, gentle. (2) loose, easy, slight
(3) light, not heavy.

Ké-utchiamtch, abbr. from Ké-utchi-amtchiksh, nom. pr of “the Gray
Wolf of the Ancients”, a personified mythic animal, the prototype of the
present race of the gray wolf; 112, 15. 17. 19. 113, 9. 131, 8.10. He is

128 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

called Skii‘lam shé-amoksh the kinsman of Old Marten, 111, 21., and lived
with his cubs in the same lodge with the Thunders. Also called Ké-
utchish; see k¢-utchish (2).

ké-utchish, ka’-utchish, kiyutchish, kiwitchish, ké-utchish, d. kakat-
tchish, kaké-utchish (1) wolf, gray wolf: Canis lupus, 88, 3. 144, 11. 12.:
kii’-utchish gii'lo the female wolf, 190; 16.; incantations, 157; 37. 165;
12.; ki’-udshish topinkan(i) the younger wolf, the wolf’s younger brother,
184; 31. (2) Ké-utchish, nom. pr. of the gray wolf personified, 111, 20.
112, 17. 118, 21. 131, 5-15.; identical with Ké-utchiamtch, q. v.

kéwa, nkéwa, nyii’wa, d kekéwa, kékua, nk¢ékua (1) to break, fracture,
smash, disintegrate; said of one object only: nté-ish nzii’wa the bow was
broken, 23, 18.; ts’t’ks ké-usht when a leg is broken, 71, 8.; tcha’shish
tchékaish nkéwatko a skunk with a fractured leg, 127, 10.; wéknini nyii/wa
lis arm was broken at different places, sustained a compound fracture —
Speaking of many objects, ngtldsha, q. v. (2) to put on or into, to mix
im; said of salt put on meat, of sugar put in tea, and of other processes
of dilution. Cf. yekéwa, yékua, ngtimshka, pekéwa, shéyakua, ukéwa.

Kewa-Gitko, nom. pr. mase. of a Klamath Lake chief at Ydneks;
“ Broken-Leg”. Abbr. from Tch’t’‘ks-Kewapkash-Gitko.

kewélya, d. kekewélza to waste, to use unavailingly, 121, 2. 3. Der. kéwa.

k’hiulaksalsh, kiulaksalsh, d. k’hikilaksalsh flag, banner ; lit. ‘what
is hoisted”. Der. Khiuléya, kiuléka.

k’hiuléga, d. Phikuléza (1) to raise or hoist by the simple motion of the
hands, as a flag is raised by pulling a string. (2) to hold up by hand, arm:
palpalish shil ’hi’ulézan raising a white flag (of truce), 14, 2. Der kiuléka.

ki, 155; 19. Same as kie, q. v.

kia, ktya, d. kikiya, keki’a lizard, 180; 17. Incantations: ki’ya nf afkana
LT the lizard am nodding at the issue of my den, 155; 19.; ki’alam ké-ish
the lizard’s tread or passage, 165; 13. 14. Cf. kidsha.

ki’-adsh yolk of egg.

kidkuga, d. kikikuga to rub sideways, to move the fingers from one side into
or around something; k. liilpat to move the fingers over the eye, either to the
right or left, a treatment resorted to by Indian mothers on their infants
when the eyes or features seem out of shape. K1. for kianéga Mod.

ké-utchish— kilibli. 129

kianéga, d. kikanéga to move the fingers sideways over, to rub from one
side ; lit. ‘to begin moving sideways”: p’gi’shap kikannéga lulptit népatka
the mother passes with her hands over the eyes, 91,6. Mod. Cf. kidkuga.

kidpka, d kakidpka (1) to lie on one side of the body, to recline sideways.
(2) to lean on one arm.

kiatéga, d. kikatéga, v. intr., to enter sideways, 73, 5.; to slip into from
one side, to slide into. Cf. gutéga.

kia’m (d. kékiiim), pl. timi k., generic term for all kinds of fish, 94, 4.
145, 11.: k. liela to catch fish, 28, 5. 132, 3.; k. pan to eat fish, viz., to eat
nothing but fish, to fast on fish, 89, 7. and Note; ki-idshi k. rotten, stink-
ing fish, 132, 3. 4.; kiiimii’mi, kiamé’mi, kiiimii’m in the fishing season;
this period comprehends the early and the warm months, during which
the fish ascend the waters of these highlands, 148,19. Cf. kia, kidsha.

kii/m=-luélks, kii’m-luélkish, or luélks-kiii’m jfishing-place ; a place where
fish are caught in large quantities, as an obstruction, dam in a river ete.

kii’m-luelkslia to procure, to make a fishing-place or jish-trap for some-
body’s use, 142, 2.

kit’ m-lueld’tksh; see luelétkish.

kidsha, kidsa, d. kikadsa, Mod. kiktcha (1) to swim below the water’s sur-
face. (2) to dive: k. tala to dive after a coin of money. (3) to creep, crawl,
as snakes, lizards, worms.

kidshash, d. ki’ktchash jin of fish; generic term for all fins except the
k4luish, q. v.: k. yutilan, or k. vushéksaksin breast jin; pipélantan k.
side fin; shuitchashksaksin k. belly fin.

kie, ki in this manner, 155; 19.; so, thus; can be used when quoting the
very words used by the one speaking: hémkanka kie, Mod., she spoke thus,
34, 11., for K1. ké a hémkanka, kek hémkanka so she said. Stands also
for Kl. gé-asht, na-asht, tehi.

kikl0o’s, kikli’s, d. of kildsh, q. v.

ki/la, d. kikala; see kila.

kildshna, d. kikéldshna, Mod. for kintchna, q. v.

kilibli, d. kiklibli (1) to go into, to enter, to pass within, said of one or sev-
eral animals entering their dens, burrows. (2) to slide into; to crawl, creep
into.—Speaking of one subject, gulipéli may be used in the second defi-
nition. Der. kilhi, -péli.

9

130 KLAMATH - BNGLISH DICTIONARY.

kilhi, gilhi, d. kikalhi, giggalhi to enter, to go into, to pass into; said of
many subjects; speaking of one subject, gulf, q. v.

kilidshiga, d. kik’lidshiga a species of little, long-necked ducks; syni-
zesis for kilidshiiga, 193; 13. Dim. kilfdshiksh.

kilfdshiksh, d. kiklidshiksh, species of duck, rather large-sized. Its
incantation: 165; 15. 180; 12.

kili/lka to raise, kick up, whirl up dust; said of the otter’s tread, 166; 24.

kililks, killilksh dust; raised by the march of persons or animals, 29, 7.

kilit, gilit (1) hole, aperture, orifice. (2) rectum or anus as a part of the
entrails, 119, 12. 20.: gilit-mdshash piles, hemorrhoids. Der. kilhi.

kilfiwash, d. kikli'wash the flicker, a red-headed woodpecker, whose scalp
is highly prized by the Western Indians, is used as a charm, and enters
in the ornamentation of belts, mantles and blankets: k. shkitatko wrapped
ma robe ornamented with scalps of the k. woodpecker, 189; 6. and Note.
kilka, KI. kilya, d. kikélya to become humpbacked: kilyantko, humpbacked
person, humpback ; kilyantko humpback, when imitated by playing children.

kilyish, d. kikalyish hwmp, gibbosity. .

Kilékaga, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man, signer of the treaty of
1864: lit. “Warrior of small stature.” Der. kflosh.

kilosh, kili’s, nkiltish, d. kiklosh, kiklis (1) angry, irate, wroth; furious,
133, 10.: kilos ké-udsis impetuous is the gray wolf, 144, 11.; kpt’tsampéli
sas kiklo’s ht’k in their war-fury they forced them to withdraw, 17, 3. (2)
bold warrior or fighter; rabid fellow: Sa‘t laki kilfi’s the war-leader of the
Snake Indians, 28, 8. and Note Der. kilua.

kilua, kilua, kilhua (1) to become or be angry, to be in a wrath, anger, rage,
36, 2.: ka-i kiluat! don’t be angry! 34, 13. (2) to be in the wild, savage state.

ki’lua, kilhua, d. kikdlua; see kélua.

Kiltamtch, nom. pr. masc., “Old Brave”, or “Captain George”. This
was the name of a Klamath Lake warrior, a reckless fighter of a remark-
ably tall stature. Cf. Note to 21,5. Der kilosh, -amtch.

kima’dsh, kimatch, d. kikma‘dsh ant: lIikam k. black ant, lit. ‘“bear’s
ant”; kima’dshiam patko afflicted with toothache; lit. ‘eaten by the ant”,
126, 6.; compare with this the French fourmiller, the Ital. formicolare.

kimdlia,. d, kikmilia to smart, to cause pain: ka-& k. it smarts intensely.

kilhi— Kintpuash. 131

kimbaks, kimpoksh file, row, line; file of persons: lap k. gashaktchna
they follow in two files, 87,17. Cf. kintchna, mépoks, tinshish.

kinka, gi/nka, gi’nk (1) adv., to a small extent; not largely, a little, a trifle:
Li‘kamtch gi’nka méya Old Grizzly did not dig much, 118, 7.; cf. 119, 2.
(2) when used as adj. it is abbr. from kinkani, q v

kinkak, ginkag, adj. and adv, only a few, 25, 2.; but little; kinkag
tchiléks bué a small portion of meat, 119, 12.18. Der. kinka, ak.

kinkaéni, ginkdni, adj., (1) scarce, spare, “few and far between”: kinkan’
smo‘k gitk having a spare beard, 90, 5.; k. tit wa they are scarce out there,
134, 16.; cf 144, 10. 149, 14. (2) few in number, not many, m small
quantity: hi kinkdnish weweshiltko he, she has few children only; k.
kdtchkal a little bit of tobacco, 137, 3 and Note. Abbr. into kinka (2).

kinkutko, kinggo’tko, d. kikanko’tko square, fowr-cornered, four-edged:
mii kinkutko forming a large square; broad, wide; mt ginggotk ne’p a
broad hand; kitcha ginko’tko forming a small square ; narrow.

kinsh, ki-intch, d. ki‘kansh (1) wasp. (2) yellow jacket wasp, also called —
skintch; incantations of this insect, 165; 16 180; 18. (8) generic term for
wasp-like insects: atini ki-intch libellula, dragon-fly. Cf. ki’sh, kiutka (3).

kinshakpka, d kikanshakpka (1) to point by hand at an object located
below. (2) to give a downward direction to an arrow, rifle or piece of
artillery, ball or bullet, 24, 1.

kinshakshna, d kikanshakshna to follow in a file: shashamoks tehi‘k
k. then the relatives follow (the wagon) in a file, 87,9. Cf gashaktchna.

kinshampka, d. kikénshampka to point at a distant object.

kinshipka, d. kikanshipka to point at; to show with the extended arm. Cf.
alahia, kinshampka.

kinshipkia, d. kikanshipkia ¢o beckon, to make a sign or signs to somebody;
to make come by beckoning. Cf shahamiya.

Kintpuash, nom. pr. of the Modoc chief and principal leader in the
Modoe war of 1872-1873, called Captain Jack by the white population.
Through his personal influence upon the younger and more turbulent
portion of the Modoe warriors he brought on a separation from the more
peaceable moiety of the tribe in April, 1870, and while the latter
migrated from Modoc Point to Yaneks, he returned to the old Modoe

132 KLAMATH - ENGLISH “DICTIONARY.

country on the California border, Lost River etc., with the other half:
36, 3-8. ‘The first active measures taken by the Government to bring
back the runaway Modoes of Kintpuash to the Klamath reservation from
the lands which they had ceded and sold, ended in a massacre of Indian
women, children, and defenseless whites, and thus gave rise to the Modoc
war: 37, 3-19. Kintpuash with his warriors and their families retreated
to the lava beds, an inaccessible tract of land impregnable by mere
assault, set up his “headquarters” in Wright’s cave, and resisted all
attempts of the American troops to carry his position from January 16
to the bombardment of the lava beds, April 16-18, 1873: 42, 18-43, 2.
The progress of the war, which up to April had been exceedingly slow
and meager in results, became more active only on account of the assas-
sination of two of the Peace Commissioners, a dastardly act in which
Kintpuash had played the most prominent part: 42, 1-17. After leaving
the “rocky cave” and the lava beds, K. with his warriors resisted for a
while successfully the regular troops in the engagements on Sand Hill, 43,
6-12, and Dry Lake (or Grass Lake), 43, 13-16. But finally the Indians
separated and this ended the Modoc campaign. K was captured June
1, and with five others tried in Fort Klamath, and hung October 3,
1873. In our texts K. is mentioned as Captain Jack, or as: laki,
Mo/dokni lakf in 34,3 35, 8. 17. 21. 36, 4. 10. 13. 37, 4. 5. 17. 39, 5-10.
18-22. 40, 2-5. 41, 6. 42, 1-5. 7. 8. 18. 44, 2-8. He was the cousin of
Toby Riddle, both descending from brothers, 39, 22. His name is inter-
preted by “Having the waterbrash”, cf. kidshipka, a verb of the same
meaning, though provided with another suffix; others explain it, though
incorrectly, by the Shasti term kimpi, as referring to his high, tall
stature Cf. Kii’mpu, and Notes to 34, 4. 8. 42, 1. ete. especially the
Note to 35, 8. Oregonians wrote his name: Kreintpoos, Keintpoos. .

kintchampéli, d. kikantchampéli to return, go or ride back in a file; to
go home single file, 85, 12. Der. kintchna, -péli.

kintehAantko, d. kikantchantko (1) adj. passable for travelers walking or
riding single file. (2) adj., open for passage, practicable: tidsh ginshantk
hatakt tt is good walking through here. (3) subst., narrow way or pass,
pathway: kétcha k. foot-path. Der. kintchna, q. v. Cf. ginszantko.

kintchampéli—kitcha. 133

kintehna, Mod kfldshna. d kikdntchna fo walk, march, or ride in a file;
to go single file.. Cf. kinshakshna, kintchantko, skintchna.

kinualza, d. kikAnualza (1) to go, march or travel uphill in a file, 23, 7.
(2) to go up hill, to climb an eminence, said of many subjects. Cf. ga-ulya.

kinualpka, d. kikénualpka to give an upward direction to an arrow, rifle,
piece of artillery. Cf. kinshakpka, ldya.

kinuina, d. kikanufna (1) to go single file, to travel one behind the other.
(2) to proceed in a serpentine, meandering line, Note to 162; 1.

ki’sh, d. ki’kash (i short) Jishing-spear ; fish-gig, fish-harpoon of Indian
manufacture, 180; 20 Cf. kiutka (3).

ki’sh, kis, d. kikish swnset, sundown, eve, evening: kissii’mi, kishé’mi, d.
kik’shé’mi at sundown, in the evening twilight, 31, 1.; kish&mtki, Mod., about
six o'clock in the evening. Contr. from gé-ish; see géna

kishlya, d. kikdshlya to step, pace, tread.

kishkanka d. kikéshkanka to walk about, 24, 20.; to walk outdoors, in the
field, prairie ete.

kishtelantcha, d. kikashteléntcha to go around the camp;. to visit one’s
neighbor or neighbors.

kishtelantchna, d. kikashtelAntchna to walk on the side of the horse or
wagon: gelélank k. to dismount and walk on the horse’s side.

kishtchipka, d. kikéshtchipka to step up, to come towards ; to approach to
somebody, 136, 6.

kishtchka, d. kikdshtchka to step on something while marching; to tread
upon, 104, 2. Of. kishlya.

kishtehna, d. kikAshtchna (1) to go slow, to pace; said of persons, horses,
ete. (2) to step on, tread upon: na’shak wakish ki’shtchnank after step-
ping on one step of the inside ladder, 112, 4.

kitita, kitlua, kitufna, kituléla; see kitita, kitlua, kttuina, kituldla.

kitti, pl. timik, domestic cat; from Engl kitten. Mod. for pishish K1.

kittiaga, pl. timik., kitten, young of cat. Mod. Dim. kttti.

kitcha, kétcha, kédsa, gi/dsa, (1) adv., in a small degree; a little, not much,
somewhat: kétcha i élya you are selling cheap; tzAlamash kétsa miuatita
shléwish southwest wind. (2) adj., little, small; abbr. from kitchkani:
gi’tsa lipt kiatéga a little bit (of it) enters first, 73, 5.: kétsa-laki subchief

134 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kitechakéla, d. kikatchak’la (1) to pay a sum owed, to repay a debt: nti
watch sptini kitchakluk talatat I gave a horse to repay the money I owed.
(2) to settle up; to pay, to reward, 35, 19.: i kitehakli! you pay him! you
settle with him! Cf. ské-uta, skikta.

Kiteha-Kiutko; nom pr. of a Klamath Lake man: ‘“ Small-Posteriors”.
Stands for: kitchkénish kfu gftko.

kitehka, d. kikétchka small fin; all fins of small fish are called so except
the tailfin. Dim. kfdshash Cf. kAluish, kidshash, kpél.

kitehkam handkerchief.

kitehkaéani, ketchkéni, d. kikatchk&ni (1) small-sized, small, little: k.
shlapsh small is the flower, 147, 6. 149, 22.; k. ak very small; kaé-i k. not
so small; k. laki chief of second order, subchief, cf. kitcha; kitchganld
the smallest; ketchgdne skiitash a small mantle, \25, 7.; ketchkane wé’sh
a small block or chunk of ice. (2) young, not adult, not having reached full
size: gitsgdni hissudkga a youngster, boy, 23, 13. or simply kitchgéni, 19,
6; ketchkaniénash 0’ gisht when he was quite young, 55, 20. 56, 1.; ef. 54,
1. and Note; ketchkéne Anku young tree, sapling. Der. kitcha, -kanf;
original form kitchikaéni, ef. 82, 3.

kitcho’tki to rush down: yatikal k. the eagle rushes down. Cf. hintakia.

kiu, ki-u, ki, pl tami k., (1) anus; lower end of rectum. (2) posteriors,
buttocks. Of. kilit, Kitcha-Kiutko, ptshaklish, Push-Kiu, shkfa, shkiwa.

kiudshna, d. kiktidshna, 80, 11.; same as gi-udshna, q. v.

ki-uggidsha, d. kikuggfdsha (1) v. intr, to circle around, to describe
circles: yatkal k. kélo-ushtat the eagle circles up in the skies. (2) v.
trans., to cause to turn; to wind up, asa watch Cf. aggédsha.

ki-uggitcehdétkish, abbr. kiuggitchdtch, d. kikuggitchétkish screw ;
linear, not hook screw.

kiuyéga, d. kikuyéga (1) to hoist up sideways, to raise obliquely. (2) to
pull up, to hoist, to raise, as a flag; to pitch up, as with a pitchfork; to lift
over oneself: tia kiuyiiga he held a tray over himself and family, 96, 21.
Der. uyéga. Cf. kfuléka, shuyéga.

kiuyiazidtkish, d. kikuyiazidtgish kitchen fork, large fork; pitchfork.

kiukaya, d. kikukdya fo stick up obliquely; to hang out sideways; said of
flags, conjurers’ signs, etc.: win k. to hang out a fox-skin, 71, 2.; kitka-
yunk flags they are sticking out flags on oblique poles, 134, 4.

kitchakéla—kiutchna. 135

Kiukamtch, nom. pr. of a Modoc headman: “Old Conjurer”. See 21,
5. and Note. ‘Der. kiuks, 4mtchiksh.

kiukidga young or little conjurer, shaman. Dim. kiuks, q. v.

kfiuks, ktuksh, d. kfukiaks, kikiaksh Indian conjurer, shaman, sorcerer ;
conjurer of diseases, medical practitioner, 59, 6. 70, 4. 7. and pages 68, 69.
These ‘‘medicine-men” do not only treat the sick, but they arrange
and preside over the ‘‘doctor-dances” in the communal dance-house, are
consulted for dreams, predict the weather, during the pond-lily harvest
give advice on the more important incidents of tribal pursuits, and are
much dreaded on account of their alleged power of sorcery. They are
called kiuks, because they stick out a rabbit skin or some other sign on
a rod slanting obliquely over their lodges (kiukéya). It is estimated that
more female than male conjurers are now engaged in the treatment of
patients among the Modocs. Kémutchatko k. the old conjurer, 40, 20.;
k. weléyash doctress, old female conjurer ; tsdshash-k. a skunk acting as con-
jurer, 134, 8.; kiuksam tchuyésh a very high buck-skin hat; kiiksam
shui’sh magic song; see shui’sh and Note on page 159; nadnka kukfaks
several conjurers, 64, 1. ef. 65, 10. 71, 1-4. 72, 1. To call a conjurer for
the treatment of a patient is shudkia, shudkidsha, q. v.

kiulaksalsh; see k’hiulaksalsh. :

kiuldla, d kikulala to roast on a spit: tchileks k. to roast meat. Cf. ilala.

kiulan, partic. of gfula, verbal and derivative of gi, q. v.

kiuléka, d kiktléka (1) to raise, stick up, hoist, lift, pull up. (2) to take
up by means of a stick, pole. Cf. hiuléza.

kiuliga, ngi-uliga, d. kikuliga, v. intr., to drip or drizzle down; to fall
upon: stiya nyi’-uliga laki Taht’shash the pitch dripped down on the forehead
of Mud Hen, 97,1. Cf. laliga.

kiuldéla, d. kikuldla (1) to peel off, scrape off: kakowatka sha k stdépalsh
they scrape off with pieces of bone the fibre-bark (of a tree), 148, 19. (2) to
skim off froth, cream, ete.

kiulolsh, d. ki’kulolsh, lower horse-rib sharpened into a bark-scraper.

kiupata, d. kikupata to land, to arrive on shore. Ct. syapata.

kiutka, d. kikitka (1) to raise up repeatedly. (2) to take up, lift with a fork,
as meat; to put into a kettle with a fork. (3) to prick, sting. Cf. kiuyéga.

kiutehna fo stick out; to hold up while moving or traveling, 87, 16.

136 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kiwalapdta, d. kikualapdta to drag or trail along upon the soil: ldkiam
pi’-ia sha kiifla (for kiflatat) k. they dragged the chief’s daughter on the
soil, along the ground, 190; 11.

kla’dsh, d. klakladsh (1) level piece of ground, plain. (2) clearing in the
woods: tehé-u klédshat gshi’kla an antelope lay in a clearing, 126, 6. Mod.
for kna’t K1., q. v.

kla’dsh, k’létch; see kélatch.

kldla, klab’la, klilha, pl. ttimi k., haélstones fall; it is hailing.

klAlash, abbr. klalsh, pl. ttimi k., (1) hail, fall of hailstones. (2) hailstone;
nddshiak k. a single hailstone. Cf. sttikish.

Kla‘li, nom. pr. fem. Kl: “Skin Scorched of”.

klana, the palatable root of an aquatic plant growing in rivers, 146, 14.

klap gonorrhea: klap-mdshish gonorrhea; klap-mashetko afflicted with
gonorrhea. From the English clap. Cf guydsyatko.

klapa, pl. timi k., the edible, cylindric root of the small-leaved, red-
blossoming ptidshak-plant, 147, 1.

k’1l4pa, a hawk-like black bird changing to a lighter hue in winter and
living on mice; tail white

k1a’sh, d. klaklash raw skin, raw fur-skin, untanned hide. Cf. kiulédla.

klatcha, geladtsa, d. keklatcha to move the hand sideways, to perform a lat-
eral or whirling motion with the hand or arm Der. ki-, léna.

klatehna, gelatchna, d. keklatchna fo make a side motion with the hand.
When relating to the spélshna-game, it designates a half circular side
motion performed with all the fingers: vi'ish sha kl4tchnank shlin they
express their guessing at the vitish by a side motion of the hand, 79, 4. and Note.

K’laushalpkash Yaina-Aga-gishi, nom. pr. of Sand Hill, a lo-
cality where a battle of the Modoc campaign was fought on April 26,
1873; 43, 12. and Note to 43, 1. Kéla-ushalpkish-Yaindkishi, 56, 4.
Lit. ‘““Sand-covered Hill at”. Der. k’latshaltko, yaina-dga, gi.

k’latshaltko, pl. timi k., sand-covered, sandy Der. kélA-ush.

k1li’yam, species of grass about 3 inches long, with a narrow panicle.

k’liyudga, a kind of mouse not specified. Dim. kél4yua.

k1i’ pi, kéli’pi, Kle’pi, d. klakli’pi, a long flat species of rush or scirpus;
used for manufacturing little arrows as playthings: k’lépiam lutish, shlapsh
seed, flower of kld'pi-reed. Not to be confounded with klapa, q. v.

kiwalapdata—klutsudtkish. 137

klé’dshu, kli/dsho clam; fresh-water and salt-water muscle; bivalve: klé- ;
dshuam wakoksh shell, muscle-shell, clam-shell.

Klé dshfi-Pakishkni, nom. pr. fem.; name of one of Chief Lelékash’s
ten wives, who came from a lake or river productive of muscle-shells;
“Belonging to the Shell-Eaters”. Der. klé’dshu, paka.

k’léka, d. k’léklka; see k’léka.

kléna, gléna, d. klekléna, glégla (1) to walk on one leg, to hop. Cf. she-
kliyiéa. (2) to obtain fire, to get a spark of fire from the nearest lodge or
camp-fire; the object, liloks, is not expressed. Der. léna. Cf. klatcha

k’1é@’pki, kli’pke, k’lé’pgi, pl. timik.,, red paint consisting of a yellow earth
mixed with grease and used by Indians to line over or paint their faces.
It is of a dark red color; the natives apply. it at times to keep off the cold,
while the Dankali of Nubia put a similar loamy substance on their bodies
to keep off the sunheat. 121, 2. 181; 1. k. télishtat fpya they smeared
red paint in their faces, 120, 18.

Klétiamtch, nom. pr. of ‘Old Sandhill Crane”, a miraculous bird of
Klamath Lake mythology and one of Afshish’s five wives, 95, 23.; cf. 96,
6. Der. klétish, 4mtchiksh.

klétish, klitish sandhill crane; a noisy bird found on the shores of the
upland lakes in the Klamath region: Grus canadensis. Klitisham wéash
the crane’s offspring, 190; 12. These birds take long strides or steps:
tchikolalya, 190; 12. Personified in Klétiamtch, q. v.

k’léwi, kélé-ui, d. kéklui; see W’léwi.

klipa, d. kliklipa mink, a quadruped of the weasel tribe: Putorius vison.
Mink-incantations: 156; 29. 162; 6. 174; 12. 177; 13.

Kli’p-Skutatk, nom. pr. of Dave Hill’s father: ‘‘ Winkskin- Dressed”.

kli’sh, d. kliklsh acorn of the black oak.

kli’sham, d. kliklsham black oak tree; the wood of this tree serves for the
manufacture of bows.

kliuldla to sprinkle with water or other liquids, 82, 8.

kl’, a cylindric, eatable root found in the old Modoe country, 147, 2.

kludshoa,.d klukladshua to fish with a light or lantern.

klidsoya, d. klti’kltsoza to suck at something.

klatsuétkish, klutsud’tch, d-klukltsudtkish apparatus intended for at-

138 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

traction, especially for alluring fish: kl. 4nku pitch wood set on fire on a
Jishing-canoe, 150, 5. Der. kltidshoa.

klukalgi, d. ki’kulgalgi to haul, fetch, to come after or for something: k.
an ld’loks, kA-i ni shtiidshank tehfa I come after fire, for I have no fire
where I stop. Cf. kléna.

kla’shlya, d. kluklishlya to go to sleep, to go to rest; said of birds and
other animals in K1.; in Mod. of persons also.

km’, pl. ttimi k., (1) woman’s skullcap of the Maklaks pattern, similar to the
kalkmi, but flat on the top. This headcover, sometimes worn by old
men also, is manufactured from various kinds of aquatic grasses and
scirpus. One specimen was bordered at the rim with mé-i (bulrush,
tule-grass), further inside appeared the yellow-colored tkaip; the shmé-
yam, also yellow, on the outside, and the ornaments of the cap were
interwoven with the black mukuash. Cf. 87, 4. 109, 8-5. 9. 10. (2)
small tray, or drinking cup manufactured as above. Cf. kAlkma.

kmaka, k’maikka, d. kikmka, kmak’mka (1) to look about, to look around
oneself, 110, 15.- (2) to be on the lookout, to spy, reconnattre, scout: kmaékok
Moatudshash in order to espy the Pit River Indians, 21, 12.29, 12.13. (3)
to expect, wait—The first d. form is used when speaking of a few subjects,
the second, when speaking of many.

kmakapshti, d. kakmkapshti to put a stick or straw into an orifice, open-
ing, den, hole. Cf. yankapshti.

kmapat’hiénatko, d. kmakmpatiénatko wrinkled, furrowed: kmapat’-
hiénapksh télish gi'tko wrinkled in face.

kmatehzdétkish, d. kmakmatehzétkish both spurs of a rider. Mod.
Cf ktukétkish K1.

kmélya, d. kékmelya, kmékmalya, v. trans., to lay down, to leave; said of
threads, ropes, and similar objects. The first d. form is used when speak-
ing of a few objects, the second, when speaking of many.

kmitik, a muscle of the human neck: the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle.

kmtgga, kmika, d. kmékumka fo growl; said of dogs only. Cf. the
German: mucksen.

kmttyulatko, k. kukmfulatko shaggy.

K’mukdamtechiksh, abbr. K’mikamtch, K’mukémts, nom. pr. of K’md-

klukélgi— K’mukamtchiksh. 139

“kamtch, the creator and supreme ruler of the world and of mankind in the
mythology of the Modocs and Klamath Lake Indians. His name means:
“the Old Man of the forefathers”, or “‘the primeval Old Man”. In him the
natives have deified the most powerful agency of nature known to them,
the sun. As the supreme deity of a hunting race, he is invested with all
the attributes of certain animals pursued by the Indian hunter: sagacity,

cunning

g, recklessness, gigantic power etc. He also appears under the

mask of the sagacious marten (Skélamtch), 107, 1. 3., and as such he is
the elder brother of Little Weasel (T'chashgayak), whom he is sending out
from Yamsi, his temporary residence, to obtain one-eyed wives for both,
107, 1-4. 109, 3. 4. K. creates the earth, 104, 4. 125, 1. 142, 1., and
gives names to all the localities made by him in the Klamath country,
142,1sqq. He creates the human beings, 94, 1. 2.; the races and tribes
of men, 103, 1-5. 148, 2—4.; all things upon the earth and the fish in the
water, 94, 3-4. In concert with him some animals determine the duration
of human life, 108, 6-104, 5. He saves the child of a mother who is in
the act of leaping into the fire to destroy herself, and hides it in his leg;
from there it is afterwards born miraculously and called his son, Aishish.
During the incessant persecutions of Afshish (q. v.), K. shows himself as
a tricky, treacherous, and low character, as a typical beast-god. In the
same light he appears in his dealings with the inother-coyote, 105, 3-16.,
cf. 182, 1-8. He revenges himself upon the Northwind (Yaémshamtch)
and the Southwind (Mitash, Ma’shamtch) for the killing of his younger
brother, by cutting off their heads, a myth describing the final victory of
the warming rays of the sun over the rough blasts of the wintry season,
111, 4-11. The extermination of the five Thunders and the two Old
Thunders is the symbolization of another meteorologic process, 113,
13-114, 12. From several of our Texts it becomes apparent that in the
popular belief K. is not alone regarded as an unapproachable, terrific and
demoniac power, but, like the devil of medieval Europe, has begun to
assume a grotesque and popularly comical character: pp. 105, 125, 126.
Being merely a power of nature and not a moral power, the Indians do
not pray to him, but worship him in their dances (yékish) only. ‘Two

Modoe songs describe his unlimited power over the earth and mankind,

140 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

192; 8.9. Being the ruler of the whole world (K. nénuktua né-ulya), he
will punish bad men (shiktch4ktchanuapka ké-idshash hihashudktchash)
by changing them into rocks or by burning them. For the orthography
of the name, see 125, 1-9. and Note to 126, 11.12. Of. also 65, 11. 131,
2. and in the Dictionary: Afshish, Amtchiksh, k’mutcha, Kté-iti, ka’k.
kmukéltgi, d. kmuk’mkéltgi, v. intr, (1) to wither, fade out; to become
wrinkled by wetting. (2) to become decrepit by age.
kmultyaga, d. kmukmiltzaga to bubble up in water; the result of a mo-
tion made below. Cf. kmutchd’sha.
kmtmutch, kmématch, pl. timi k., field rat, wood rat; called hapush by
Shastis and Modoes, q. v.: Neotoma cinerea. Der. mtiimuatch
k’mutecha, kémitcha, d. ki’/kumtcha, kik’mtcha to grow, become old, to
attain old age, 142, 10.; partic. k’mutchitko, d. kok’mtchétko, guggum-
tchatko (1) decrepit by age, grown old. (2) old person; old man, 40, 20.
94, 2.; tchiké kémutsitk a man bent by eld, 136, 5.
K’muitcham-Latsaskshi, nom. pr. of a hill and camping place on the
Sprague River: ‘At K’mikamtch’s Lodge”, as the Indians interpret it.
k’mutchéwatko, k’mutchéwitko, d. kuk’mtchi’witko old person; old
man. ‘The incantation of the “Old Man” is declared to be of a perni-
cious influence, 179; 7.; ’mutchéwatk an old man, 183; 13.
k’mutchish, kémittchish, d. kikamtchish, kik’mtchish, g¢fi’ggamtchish
ald, aged, advanced in years: ni yé ké-i ni a kikamtchish gi’-uapk shfugok
I would certainly never get old if I had killed him, 64, 13. and Note; nfia
gt’ggamtchishash gi’tki gi! I want them to become old, 103, 7. 12.
kmutcho’sha, d. kokmtchd’sha (1) to bubble wp in water, Mod. for
kmiultyaga Kl. (2) to suck juice out of bones, stalks ete. KI.
K’mttchuyakshi nom pr. of a rock on Klamath Marsh, shaped like
a man and visible from afar; lit “Old Man’s Place.” Der. k’mitcha.
knadshikfa, d. kakandshikia to wink, blink with one eye.
knaklitko, d. knakndlitko beach, shore line.
kna’‘t, d. kna‘knat level, dry, rocky land without vegetation, table land; on
tracts of this kind the ipo-root is often found. K1. for kla’dsh Mod.
kné-udshi, kné-udshe, d. knéknudshi coarse outer bark of tree, especially
of the pine-tree, 148, 18. Cf. ndshé’dsh, stépalsh.

kmukdéltgi—KohAashti. 141

kné-ush fish-line, fish-string, to which a piece of bark is fastened; nti k.
mbia’shan shle-etchudpka to-morrow I shall go and look at the fish-lines.
Der. knéwa. Cf. shué-ush, takéléash.

knéwa to put out the fish-line: pshin k., or simply knéwa, to put the fish-line
out for the night. Cf. shué-udsha.

knia, d. kniknia (i short) to be in erection.

knukaga, k’nukaga, d. knuknukaga thread; little, thin or tiny string: k.
tunsyantko wick; lit. “small string passing through it.” Dim. kntks.

knukla, d. kniknakla (1) to bend the body downwards, as in squatting,
stooping etc. (2) to deposit, lay; said of birds laying eggs: tchikass napal
k. the bird has laid an egg, or eggs.

kna’klga, d. knuknaklya (1) to lie down curled up, face down or leaning on
elbows ; to have the knees drawn up in sitting or lying. (2) to lurk, watch
when lying in ambush; to place oneself in ambush. Der. knukla. Cf. ldiglya

knuks, knuks, ként’ks, pl. tumi k, (1) thread, string, cord: \’no‘kshtat
itankish wax, beeswax to put on threads (2) rope, cable, 82, 11.; the in-
cantation of the rope, 165; 11.—Lit. ‘‘what is bent, twisted.” Cf. kntkla.

kéa, d. kékoa, kikua, a white species of crane or heron living on the Kla-
math lakes, spread of wings two feet; probably Herodias egretta. K.
walidshtat tgaliga a kéa-fowl stands on the rock-cliff at the shore.
kédsinks; see kudshinksh.

kée, kt’e, d. kékoe, kikue (1) toad. (2) the larger species of frogs, like
the bullfrog, Rana pipiens. Incantations of ki-e welékash the old female
Jrog, 163; 9. 173; 5.: ha’kt shuisham laki, kéi this is the chief of songs;
the toad (or frog) song, 180; 17. Cf. wekétash.

ké6-eptehi, kuéptchi, d. kukuéptchi toad-shaped, frog-like: k. snawédshash
a frog-like wife, 186; 54. Der. kde, -ptchi.

Kohashti, nom. pr. of an Indian settlement of five or six lodges, located
on northeast end of Upper Klamath Lake, three miles north of Ya-aga,
q: v.; also fishing place and starting point for canoes going to the western
and southern shores of this upland water basin. During about three
years it was the seat of the reservation agent; cf. Ind Aff. Rep. 1866, p
89-91. On the origin of the name, ‘“Set-Out”, cf. 142, 12.; K. is also
called Skohudshki. Cf. E-ukalksini kéke, guhudshktcha, sgowashka.

142 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kéhiash, d. kékiash (1) flea. (2) bedbug. Der. kéka.

ké-ika, d. kokfya; see ktiza

ké-izaga, d. kukfyaga; see gttikaka.

ko-ishéwa, ku-idshéwa, d. kokishéwa to rejoice over, to be glad of: kui-
dshéwa i gatpisht I am glad that you have arrived; ku-ishéwank shli’péle
rejoicing to have found him again, 96, 5.; ku-ishé-uk rejoicing, joyful, merry,
96,13. Cf. kuyéwa.

kéka, ki’ka, d. kikaka, kik’ka (1) to be dressed in a gown, long robe; to
wear the kuks-garment; said of both sexes. (2) to be dressed, arrayed, clad ;
said of women only: tidsha hi't kékatko she is nicely dressed; cf. 189, 5.
Cf. kikpéli, kuks, shuldta.

kékanteha, kukdnsha, d. kik’kantcha to go climbing, to climb up to a
distance, 100, 7.; to ascend, as a ladder or tree. Der. gtika.

kékatzash, pl. timi k, nom. pr. of an edible root not specified. Cf.
kékatka, frequentat. of kdka.

kékna, d kokdkna; see gikna.

kokéle jflint-rock, a whitish rock used in the manufacture of arrow- and
spear-heads: k shawalsh flint arrow-head, flint spear-head. Little pieces
of this rock are found at different spots on the reservation.

kéktingsh, ki’ktinksh, abbr. ko’tingsh, ki’ktu, d. kokaktingsh dragon-
Aly, libellula, muskito hawk. Der. gita. Cf kinsh, Kétingsh.

koktkinshka, d. kokaktkinshka to scold, blame, vituperate ; to charg ge with
reproaches, 184; 30. and Note. Der kdktingsh.

kékua, kékuatko, d. of gihua, q_ v.

kélansh, pl. timi k., (1) joint, articulation of limbs. (2) knee-joint, knee-
articulation, knee-bone, knee. Der. ga-tla.

K6é6lmai, nom. pr. fem.; interpreted by “Great Talker.”

ko'lta, kélta, d. koka‘lta otter, fish otter: Lutra canadensis. K6lta wéas the
otter’s offspring, 180; 1. and Note. Ineantations: 166; 24.177; 9. Por-
tions of its skin serve as magic curing-tools in the form of belts, 167; 30.

komd’shni, kamitshni, d. kokmi’shni wild, savage, runaway: ka-i k. tame,
domesticated. Der. ki, médsha.

koné, kon, kéni, kin, same as guni, q. v.

ko’pe, képi coffee: k. bunt'tchatko (you are) going to drink coffee, 186; 56.
From the English.

@

kéhiash—kpé1l. 143

k6’sh, ké’sh, obj. késhash and ko’sh, d. kédkosh, ydzosh (1) pine tree, pine.
The species most generally met with in the settled parts of the reserve is
Pinus ponderosa, growing from eighty to one hundred feet high and
branching out at a distance of thirty feet from the soil; késhash at the
pine tree, 162; 2. (2) pine trees being the only conspicuous trees near
the settlements of the Klamath Lake natives, they use k. as generic term
for every kind of tree, 145, 21.; the kapka-pine is called so, 148, 21.:
ktéleam k. sugar pine. 'The Mod. term for tree is Anku, q. v.

késhapash, d. kékshapash clasping-knife, pocket-knife.

késhpaksh, két’shpaksh, d. kokdéshpaksh father-in-law, mother-in-law ;
said by or in reference to husband of elder or younger daughter.

K 0’s-Tué’ts, nom. pr. of an encampment of Snake Indians ten miles
above Yaneks; lit. ‘‘where pine trees stand.” Der. ko’sh, tttya.

kétaksh, kitagsh, ki’toks minnow, a species of fish of the genus Phowi-
nus, occurring in Upper Klamath Lake, long 3-5 inches, 180; 14.:
kdé'tagsh stti‘ka to gig minnow-fish, 122, 6.

kétash, gi’tash, pl. timik., head louse, 71, 9.119, 3.6. 8.: gi’tash kshikla’
to catch a louse on another's head. Der. giita. Cf gapneaga.

Kétingsh, nom. pr. fem. KI: ‘“Dragon-fly,” nickname for a woman with
a slender waist. Regular form kéktingsh, q. v.

kéto, ki'to, d. kékto, ki’kto (1) waist, loin of man. (2) the part of quad-
rupeds where the hind legs join the body; middle portion of back, ‘horse;
lump”. Der. gita.

kowaktcha, d kokuaktcha to bite through, to tear off by biting: k. ni’sh
she bit through the neck, 119, 9.

kpa, d. kpaékpa jfire-poker of wood or iron. Cf. kpé’l.

kpadsha, d. kpakptcha to extinguish a light or candle by hand.

kpapsha, d. kpakpdpsha to taste, degustate, as food, liquids. Cf. kpéto.

kpapshash, d. kpakpdpshash sense of taste, taste of tongue and palate:
liiluyatk k. sweet to the taste, 148, 7.

kpatakanka, d. kpadptakanka to hold between one’s legs or knees.

kpatia, d. kpakpatia to poke in the fire: illa‘ltidsh kpatiank ldloksh /ire-
pincers. Cf. illolétkish. Der. kpa.

kp1, kpél, Mod. kpo'l, d. kpékpal (1) tail, caudal appendage, 144, 9.:

144 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

watchdgalam k. the dog’s tail; Tcheinaménam k. Chinainan’s tail; kpé'lam
tlitish origin of the tail. Incantations exist on the tails of several animals;
Note, p. 178. (2) long hair on tail, Kl. for lik Mod. (3) tail-fin of fish.

kpéto, d. kpékpto to taste, to sip. Cf. kpapsha.

kpiamna (1) to put into the mouth; said of articles larger than the mouth
and protruding from it. (2) fo have or to roll in the mouth an object pro-
truding from it. Cf. shikpualkana.

kpitehtehna, d. kpikpdtchtchna ¢o spit; Mod. for shliktchna KI. and
Mod. Cf. kptitchna.

kpo’k, d. kpo‘kpak gooseberry of dark hue and of the size of the domesti-
cated gooseberry, growing in clusters; the fruit of the kpékam-bush.
Cf. ldiluish, pukpok

kpokam, kpt’kam, d. kpukpakam (supply: 4nku), a species of the
gooseberry bush ; probably Ribes aureum.

kpudshOo’sha, d. kpukptcho’sha to suck. Cf. klidsoza

kptyumna fo revolve in the mouth ; to masticate, chew: katchgal k. to masti-

~ cate tobacco. Of. ktchan, kédkanka, pan.

kptlaktecha to drive away while marching or running; to follow up, hunt,
pursue, as an enemy, 30, 7. Der. kpiti'lya.

kpuli, kpdli, d kpukpli to drive into, huddle into: watsag kpuli’ wakalakat
shi'p the dog huddled the sheep into the corral.

kp t’lya to drive off; expel, remove by force, 29, 21.

kpttceha, kptdsha, d. kpt’kptcha, kpi’kpdsha (1) to expel, oust, to drive
out. (2) to chase, pursue, follow up closely, to press upon. Cf. tpiidsha.

kputchampéli, d. kpukptchampéli to drive out again; to force to a home-
ward retreat, to expel from the country, 17, 3. 28,11. Der. kputchna, -péli.

kputchapka, d. kptikptchapka éo chase, pursue, while unseen by, or dis-
tant from the object pursued: ndlsh kpt’dshapka she presses hard upon us
Jrom the rear, 122, 7. Der. kputcha.

kputchitchka é kiss; it is against the custom of western Indians to
kiss any person except babies.

kputehna, kpo’tchna, d. kpukpo’tchna (1) to drive out, expel. (2) to
squirt from the mouth. Der. kpitcha. Cf. kpitchtchna, kputchitchka.

kshaggaya, d. kshakshgaya, v. trans., (1) to hang, to hang up, suspend,

kpéto—kshawaliéga. 145

as game, clothing. (2) to put to death by hanging, 44, 4. 7. 8. 55, 21.—
Speaking of many objects, iggaya Cf. aggdya, hishuggdya, laggaya.
kshaggaydétkish, d. kshakshgaydtkish gallows.

kshakidsha to circle in the air; to describe circles, as birds of prey, 165;
5. 169; 50. Cf aggédsha, ki-uggidsha.

-ksaksi, -ksaksina, postp. of the emphatic adessive case in KL. ‘at, just
at, there”, not occurring in our Modoc texts. Often appended to parts of
animal body, 21, 17. 30, 5.; to local names and terms of topography,
19, 7. 20, 10-13. 22, 1.: kél4-ush ish fktchi ¢é-ushkshakshi! get me some
sand at the lake! Cf. Welékash-Knukleksaksi.

kshapa, ksdpa, gishdpa (1) fo tell, to relate, to state, to say so; introducing
sometimes the proper words of the one speaking, sometimes not, 119, 21.:
“kiifla p’ndlim” kshdpa, ‘“‘Modokishash léloaksh” kshapa, ‘ Béshtin
kléksht” kshapa they said that the land belonged to themselves, that the
Modocs were slaves and would soon become white people, 35, 6-8.; hun
watchag hi’mtcha kshapa he told me that this dog was of such a description ;
kant sha Dr. Jéhnash tawiank shi’uks gishapa the one whom they said to
have been bewitched by Doctor John, 65,18; “ht’nksh” t’nk kshapa “this
one” said he. (2) to think, to believe, to hold, to suppose: hi’nk Méatuashash
ksdpok thinking him to be a Pit River man, 24, 4. Der. ke No. 2, shapa.

kshapdta, d. kshakshpata (1) v. trans., to bend backward or downward.
(2) v. intr., to lean back on one’s seat or chair. Cf. tehapata.

-kshapta, -gshdpta, a term composing the numeral terms siz, seven, eaght ;
also their multiples sity, seventy, eighty, and others; lit. “I bend down-
wards (the finger)”. Contr. from kshapata.

kshatgatntla to draw out, extract, pull out; katchannat kshatgatnt‘lank
taking out from, extracting from the log, 111,17. Der. tgatnula.

kshawal, ksdwala, d kshdkshual, ksiksuala (1) to stretch out upon, to
deposit, lay upon: k. Klekapkash Anko kedshlakstat they laid the body
upon a pile of wood, 85, 6.: shtchik’lyank tchti gélkai, tehtiyunk k.
klekapkash after erecting poles they construct a platform and deposit on it the
corpse. (2) to fix, fasten or tie above, high up, as at the top of a standing
pole-—Speaking of more than one object, iwdla. Cf. ipma’tcha, kshuiwal.

kshawaliéga, d. kshakshawali¢ga to carry up, to transport upwards, up-

hill. Cf. 74,17. Der. kshawal. Cf. huwaliéga.
10

146 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kshawina, d. kshashufna fo fall down, one of one pair with marks up or
down, the other three with the marks down or up; said of the two pairs
of beaver or woodchuck teeth used in the skttshash-game. By this
throw none of the players on either side will gain anything, 80, 5.

kshékansha to fly around, to take an aerial flight: kalé nti k. I fly through
the clear skies, 169; 50.

kshekitila, d. kshekshikitla to catch, capture: ma‘nk k. to catch a fly.

kshékuga, ksikéga, d. kshekshikoga to put, place or locate into, as into a
basket, cradle ete.: tchakélitat k. to place into a willow basket, 101, 19.;
bo’xstat kshezéga to lay, place in a coffin. Refers to one person or anim.
object; speaking of many or collective objects, ikuga.

kshéla, kshii/la to place within, to put or lift into: tsti nat ksi/lapk hi’nk
shlipks then we lifted that wounded man into (the ambulance bed), 24, 5.

kshélkteha, d. kshekshalktcha to leave behind, relinquish while going ;
said of one long or anim. object only. Speaking of many, élktcha. Cf.
Iélktcha.

kshélya, d. kshekshdlya to deposit; to lay down on the ground; said of
one long-shaped object, person ete.: tankni mékliks k. klekapkash the
forefathers laid down the body of the deceased, 85, 6. Der. élya.

ksheluikiétish, d. kshekshaluiki¢tish (1) one who is living with others.
(2) servant, hired person. Der kshéluya.

kshéluish, ksdlhuish, d. kshekshdluish mane of horse, lion ete. Cf.
huish, wAmélhuish.

kshéluya, kshélui, d. kshekshaluya to lie near or by the fire; to warm
oneself: kténa kshéluyank li/lukshtat she slept within the warming rays of
the fire, 122, 1. Cf. kshélya.

kshéna, d. kshéksha, kségsa (1) to carry on the arms one long-shaped
object: mikak k. to carry a baby, Kl. (2) to carry off, take away in the
arms or hands: Anku k. to carry away sticks, wood. Der. éna.

kshé@sh, kshi’sh little stick serving as counting check in games. In the
spélshna-game six of them are commonly used, 80, 2-4.: na’shak k. only
one check, 79, 5. Der. kshéna

kshét’léka, kshatli’/yi, kshitlé’yi, d. kshekshét’léza, kshakshtle’yi (1) to
lay across, transversely, athwart; to deposit crosswise, as one log across

another. (2) to fasten, tie transversely: kshet’liizipkash watchtat ftpa

kshawina—ksitttaki. 14a

(kK’lekApkash) they convey the body tied transversely over a horse, 85, 3.—
Speaking of more than one long-shaped object, etlé’zi. Cf. akua.
kshéwa, d. kshékshua to put upon, to locate inside; to introduce: ki'tash
k. lilpat he puts a louse into the eye, 71, 9. Der. éwa.
-kshi, -ksi, -ks, Mod. -gishi, postp. of the adessive case. Aishishamksh
the home of Aishish, is used as a subj. case in 96, 23. Cf. -ksaksi.
kshikla, d. kshikshikla; refers to one long-shaped or anim. object or
subject. (1) v. trans., to lay down, to place, stretch out, deposit on the ground
or elsewhere: ktuitash k. to catch, kill a louse on another’s head; kitash
kshikshakla to kill lice. (2) k., or partie kshiklatko, numeral classifier
added to the numbers 11, 21, 31, 151 ete. ‘JZ lay down one”, ‘laid down
one”, viz. “counted”, 37, 15. 42, 20. In 55, 11. kshiklipkash stands in-
correctly for pe-uldpkash. (3) v. intr., to lie in, to be placed or deposited on
or within, 126, 6.: shnilashtat kshi’klapksh lying in the nest, 95, 15.—
Speaking of more than one object or subject, ikla (1) and (2), q. v.
kshi’kshnish, a gray species of sparrow-hawk: also called tchikass-k. ;
Tinnunculus sparverius Its incantation: 166; 18., ef 180; 9. Der. kshéna.
kshita, d. kshikshita to escape, 14, 9. and Note; 42, 17. 128, 1. Mod.
kshiulakgish, abbr. ksiulgish, d. kshikshilakgish, ksikstlgish dance-
house, communal lodge erected for public dances, 75, 19. 90, 10.: k. latcha to
erect a dance-house; ksfulakshzén towards the dance-house, 141, 3. The
dance-house is called spiklish in 7., 11. Der. kshiuléza.
kshiulaktampka d kshikshulaktampka to begin to dance, 70, 3.
ksiulaktcha to go and dance; to arrange or have a dance, 70, 1. 141, 4. 5.
kshiuléza, ksfilka, kshfwalza, d. kshikshtléza to dance, 163; 12.: sha
ksitlakuapk they propose to dance, 140, 1. 4.; kshi‘ulyish for dancing, for
the dance, 140, 3.; spt’klishtat kshiwalza they dance im the dance- (lit.
“sweat-”) house, 75, 11.; shttipuyuka gshitlaka they have a puberty dance,
134, 21. The term is applied to animals also: to the prairie-wolf, 128,
8.; to the skunk, 162; 7. (2) to perform ceremonial dances: tsti sa ksiuléz
ki’uks suawinuk and they danced, when a conjurer examined them, 21, 9.
ksittaki, ksit‘tgi, d. ksiksivitaki, ksiksi(’tei to run fast; said of foot-
racers and horsemen: nki’/l k. to run fast, to run hard; nat ksi‘utakiank
ecpgapéle we returned home speedily, 24, 11.; nki’l ksit’tgish, ksititgish

148 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tchatchui the speediest runner; ksi’utikiank at génuapk! ye must travel as
Fast as ye can! 20,15. Cf. kshittchna.

kshititehna, d. kshikshtittchna (1) to bounce, to skip, go around hopping.
(2) to perform long dances. Of. kshfuléza.

kshitlgish; abbr. from kshitlakgish, q. v.

kshfwalya; same as kshfuléza, q. v.

kshiwidétkish animal's cage; cage for wild beasts. Mod. Der. kshé¢wa.

kshtizi, d. kshukshfzi to surpass, excel in size, strength or power: watch
kshttizitko tyA4-ushash the horse is larger than the colt. Cf. uyézitko, wintzi.

kshtiwal, kshttyuwala fo lay or deposit upon, as a corpse upon the funeral
pile, 89, 1. Cf. kshawal.

kshtya to give, bestow; said of one long-shaped object. Speaking of more
than one object, shewana. Der. tiya. Of. Iya.

kshtyamna, d. kshukshiyamna, ksuksf-amna to hold on one’s arms one
long-shaped object; said chiefly of babes.

kshukAtkal (1) to carry about in the arms, to carry around with oneself, to
bring back: wéash 4-intiik I carry my young with me, 166; 18. (2) to carry
off, to steal, kidnap.

kshukshiéyash grease in the flank of animals. Mod. Cf. tchashlaksh.

kshuldétkish, d. kshukshalétkish mowing scythe. Mod. Cf. mulinétkish.

kshi’n, kshin, pl. timi k., (1) grass, grass stalk; generic term for all
graminaceous or even glumaceous plants, including bulrushes, aquatic
grasses etc.: k. puetilank putting grass underneath, 148, 17.; atini k. a
high, tall grass, 149, 4.; nddshak k. a blade of grass; kshti‘nat on a (prairie-)
grass stalk, 148, 5. (2) dry or dried grass, hay: k. hiwidsha to lay in hay
for winter, 75, 12.; kshuné’mi in haying time, 148, 3. Haying begins in
July. Cf. vuizankish. (3) seed-grass, 145, 18. 148, 5. Der. kshéna.

kshunadltko productive of grass, grassy: k. kiiila grazing land, pasture land;
tfi’m kshundlpash (for kshundlpkash) kiiila producing much grass every-
where, 36, 20. and Note. Der. kshiinala.

kshi’nptchi having the appearance of a grass-stalk or graminaceous plant ;
looking like grass, 149, 5.

kshisha, d. ksht’ksha to lie, to be lying on, upon, within, below, underneath ;
k. taludlyan he was lying inside, the face turned upward, 24,14. Der. usha.

kshititehna—ktdyalish. 149

kshuti, kst'ti, d. ksiksi’ti, a species of swamp grass often used as hay for
eattle. Cf. kshi’n.

kshutila, d. kshukshtila (1) to be or lie underneath ; to live below: kshuti'la
pt’shish tébullat the cat lies under the table. (2) to be, lie or live in the shade
or shadow.—Speaking of many subjects, i-utila. Der. utila.

kt4-i, ktaf, loc. ktayatat, kt4-itat, ktayat, (d. ktakti), pl. timi k., (1) stone,
pebble, rock-fragment, 82, 7. 18. 85, 12.: k. sha htyuya they are heating
stones, 82, 6.; ktaydtka by the throwing of a stone, 125, 5. 8. (2) rock,
rocky formation, rock ledge: k. sti‘smaluatk painted rocks, 179; 3., ef sht-
malua; kt&yam skitash rock-moss; kuitsant tchia ktayat they stayed in the
midst of inaccessible xocks, 21, 13.; ktayat li‘uptsank hiding behind rocks,
22, 6.; git ktaiksi where the rocks lie, 142; 3. (8) brick, tile.

ktai-shishnish, pl timik,, the dipper; a little brown dipping bird be-
longing to the ousel tribe: Cinclus mexicanus. Der. kta-i, shina.

ktaf-shtina’sh house built of stone or brick. Mod.

Kt4-iti, nom. pr. given to a rock standing in the bed of the Williamson
River, about three-quarters of a mile below the Sprague River junction.
According to a myth, K’mtkamtch was changed into this rock, after he
had selected this spot as a fishing place. Lit “‘at the Rock”.

Ktéi-Tupdékshi, nom. pr loe., ‘“Standing-Rock” ; name of a rock about
ten feet high and fourteen feet in width, situated fifty yards north of the
Sprague River and about one hundred and fifty yards from the junction
of Sprague and Williamson Rivers. Indian pictures are visible on its
surface, and the rock is called ‘‘ K’mikamtch’s chair”, because this deity
had, according to the myth, constructed a fish-trap of willow branches
there, and was watching on this rock for the preservation of this struc-
ture. West of K. is an obstruction in the Williamson River, serving as
a fish-trap to the Indians: 74, 2. and Notes; 143, 2. Der. kta-i, tupka.

Ktaif=-Washi, nom. pr. of a camping place on Klamath Marsh; lit. ““where
rocks are”, or “Rocky Hollow”. Der. ktai, wash.

ktayaga, d. ktaktiaga little stone or pebble, 82,12. Dim. kta-i.

ktayalish, ktayalsh, d. ktaktayalish (1) adj., rocky, full of rocks, rock-
bound; denuded of vegetation: timi Sha’t ti Ktdyalshtat Yainatat wa many
Shoshoni Indians live in the Rocky Mountains. (2) subst., rocky regton,
stony tract: ktayalshtala géna he proceeded towards the lava beds, 37, 18.

150 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ktakaga, d. ktaktkdga to rip open, to tear open.

ktakdkitchna, d. ktaktkakitchna to rip or tear open successively.

ktakdlitko (1) adj., wounded by a cut or gash. (2) subst., the wound,
gash: mim k. a large, wide wound; kétcha k. a small wound.

ktakidéla, ktakitila to sever, cut off: watsag hi’k kleké kéndan kpe'l
ktakio‘la the dog died, whose tail I cut off. Cf. ktdkta No. 1.

ktaklish, d. ktaktaéklish (1) adj., arrayed with the kakno'lsh or ell-skin
armor: maklaks ktakli’sh men ‘clad in skin-armors, 88, 7. (2) subst.,
warrior on the warpath; fighter arrayed for war. Cf. kaknéla, kaknélsh.

ktakta, d. ktaktikta to cut off; to cut asunder, sever in two, as a string,
rope, limb, 134,14. Cf. kttkta, ktakidla.

ktakta, d. of ktdna, q. v.

ktaladshna, d. ktaktlidshna to cut, slash; to wound with a cutting
instrument. Cf. ktakdlitko.

ktdna, d. ktakta, kakta to sleep, to be asleep, 110, 20. 118, 17.: nishta nat
ka-i kaktant (for kAkta nat) the whole night we did not sleep, 31, 9., ef.
sa kakta they slept, held siesta, 19, 13.; ktanhuish (h epenthetic) while she
slept, 122, 3.; ktampsh-shitk (for ktandpkash-shitko) shléash appearing
like one who is asleep, 113, 17., ef. 131, 9.

ktandpka, d. ktaktandpka to be drowsy, sleepy: ktanapkatko (ungram-
matically ktanapdtko in 91, 7.), one who is sleepy. Der, kténa.

ktansha, ktandsha, d. kAktansha (1) to go to sleep, to retire to bed: Lémé-
ish kaktansha the Thunders went to sleep, 113, 18. (2) to fall asleep: skti/1-
yank ktandsha lying down she fell asleep, 122, 3.; tamt/dsh ktAnshisht
whether he.was asleep or not, 113, 15.; ktandshi, 122, 4., stands for ktén-
dshisht. Der. ktdAna.

ktanshna, d. kéktanshna to fall asleep, 113, 14.: Skélamtch kt4nshan
(inverted for ktanshna) nénui shzolzétak Old Marten fell asleep as soon as
he lay down, 118, 11. Der. ktdAnsha.

ktii’lo, kti‘lualsha; see ktélo, ktélualsha.

kték’hiehé, d. ktekt&k’hiehé to notch; to indentate. Partie. ktek’hiehctko
(1) notched; indentated. (2) subst., angle or particle cut out on a rim or
edge; a notch. Cf. kttiyi.

ktékna, d. ktektékna to cut a hole into: yéwish ktéktaknan having made a
cut through both heels, 13, 5. Of. tkéka.

ktakaga—ktiuyéga. 151

ktekuéla, d. ktektakuéla to rush down; to slide down, to slip. Of. dkuash.

kteléshka, d. ktekteléshka to push away; ktéleshkapka to push away to a
distance, or forcibly; intensifies the signification of the simple k., 42, 13.

ktélya, d. ktektdlza, v. trans., referring to persons or long-shaped objects
only. (1) to cut with a knife, as sticks, wood ete.; same as ktakta No. 1.
Cf. ktetéga. (2) to let fall, to let down on the ground, to drop: léloksgish k.
sha they let the rifle rest on the ground, 74, 16. (8) to let fall, to let slip into
the water. (A) to slide down into the water, to let oneself fall in the water; to
be drowned: tim hinkélam t’shishap und ktélya? was his father drowned
some time ago? Cf. tinua, tinuash. Der. élza.

ktélo, ktii'lu, d. ktektélo pine-nut; the brown resinous fruits contained in
the burs of the pine are eaten raw by Indians, 75, 5. Ktéleam ko’sh sugar-
pine. They preter the nuts of the sugar-pine to those of other pine-trees.

ktélualsha, d. ktektélualsha to gather pine-nuts annually or habitually:
ktiilowalshudpka nad we shall gather pine-nuts, 75, 3. Der. ktélo.

ktepéta, ktépta, d. ktektpéta, ktektapta to notch, to indentate.

ktetéga, to cut up, to cut to pieces: k. ndnuk she cut up the whole of the
body, 119, 10.; watch hink tchui ktédéga they then cut up the horse,
85, 7. Mod.; pala-ash k. to cut bread into slices, K1.

ktiyuiakia, ktfiwiazfa, d. ktiktiyuakfa to lift up, push over, place on the
top in somebody’s interest, 22, 12. Der. ktiwfzi.

kti‘tehiteha fo split the long way, to split in the whole length: watitka 4nku
k. to split a stick with a knife.

ktfudshna, d. ktiktudshna to continue pushing; to push somebody, e. ¢.
to excite his attention or to stop his talking, 119, 15.: i a nush tila k.
htiinksh you and I are pushing him.

ktiuga, d. ktiktuga (1) to throw, to throw out; to push ov force out of, as
out of the house: k. or k. pétchtka to kick out Of. kttika, shiktékanksh.
(2) to close forcibly, bolt up, as a door, gate.

ktiugtia, d. ktiktugia (1) to throw out, push out of for somebody. (2) to
kick, force for somebody, or in one’s own interest.

ktiugitla, d ktiktugitla to push, force or kick open: kttugiulank ka-{sh-
tish kicking the cover or door open, 66, 13.

ktiuyégea, d. ktiktuyéga (1) to push open, to open, as a door, window.
(2) to help up, assist in rising or getting up (persons, beasts).

152 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ktiukish, d. ktiktukish /atch, bolt on door. Der. ktfuga.

ktiukuéla, d. ktiktukuéla to throw downhill or down stairs, 131, 11.

ktfuléya, d. ktiktuléya, ktiktulya (1) to push down, to make descend. (2)
to knock down, to prostrate on the ground: huna’shak k. hii‘k he was knocked
down unawares. Cf. ktiuga.

ktiwala, d. ktiktuala to lift or post up, on the top of. Der. iwala.

ktiwalkidsha, k. ktiktualkidsha (1) v. trans., to make revolve, veer
around. (2) v. intr., to turn, revolve, gyrate, veer around, move in a circular
line; said of birds. Cf. aggédsha, talkidsha.

ktiwalya, d. ktiktualya; same as ktiwala, q. v.

ktiwizi, d. ktiktui’yi to place or push on the top, to lift or push over some-
thing, 22, 13.18. Cf. ktiyuiakta.

kto’'dsha, ktii’'tcha, d. ktokto’dsha tt rains, rain falls: hit’ ka-4 kK kame
75, 19. it rains hard; kto’dshuapka a rainstorm comes on; tchéksla kto-
tchuipka after a while it will rain; ktudshiéga, ktudshtaémpka it begins to
rain; ktudshidla the rain is over

ktd’dshash, kto’tchash, d. ktokto’dshash vain, rainfall, rainstorm, 179; 2.:
k. gatpa it is going to rain; kéléwi k. it ceases to rain. Cf. kit’lka.

ktétehka, d. ktoktatchka; same as kttishka, q. v.

kttizi, d. ktuktfyi to notch, to make indentations.

kttuyua, d. ktuktiwa, v. recipr., to strike, hit each other; to inflict blows to
each other. Mod for shuktipka KI. Der. kttika.

ktuytga, d. ktuktiyliga (1) to cut off, sever, clip, crop. (2) to clip the
hair ; to shear, as the wool of sheep.

ktuytma, d. ktuktitima to cut into many pieces.

ktuka, ktuga, d. ktiktka, kttiktga to strike by hand, with the clasped hand
or fist: kttkuapk mish nti J shadl give you a beating ; nad kttkuapka hinksh
we are going to strike him; k. pétchtka to kick. Cf. ktiuga.

ktukétkish, ktugétkish, d. ktuktkétkish, ktuktgd’tch spur of rider.

ktuks, eatable root of the aquatic cat-tail plant, 147, 3.: shlapsh kti‘ksam
ptpash the top (lit. blossom) of the ktuks-root consists of whorls, 147, 3.

ktuksam cat-tail plant, on which the eatable ktttks-root grows; the
leaves of the plant are made up of whorls (pfi’sh, d. pipash) 147, 3.

ktukta, d. ktuktakta to cut in two, to sever, as arope; Mod. for ktakta No. 1.

ktiukish—ktchAk. 153

-kttldsha, d. ktuktaldsha to cut or sever in many places, into many frag-

ments, portions or pieces.

ktulédsha, d. ktuktlédsha to cut in two, to separate many things simulta-
neously by cutting.

ktuléddshna, d. ktuktlédshna (1) to push away, to force away, to separate.
(2) to push repeatedly. Cf. ktfudshna.

kt tilts bead of an elongated cylindric form, inserted into necklaces, neck-
wear (yamnash). Der. kttildsha.

kttipka, d. ktuktapka (1) to strike repeatedly. (2) to beat, slap, chastise by
beating, 62, 5. 96, 3.4. Der. kttka.

kttishka, ktitska, ktétchka, d. ktukt4shka, ktoktAtchka (1) to cut out, to
cut off, to separate with knife or scissors, as a piece from a hide, 73, 3.: to
slice off, to cut into slices. (2) to cut off, to clip somebody’s hair, the object
(lak) being usually omitted, 78, 9. Clipping the hair short so as to reach
only the ears or neck is the usual punishment inflicted on KI. and Mod.
females for being too intimate with the other sex, 58, 16.90, 7. Ktdéktats-
ka na’t, at hfink yaki’wa nii/-ulaks we cut her hair, for she broke the law,
61,6. (3) subst., slice, cut, clipping.

ktushkétkish, abbr. ktushgo’tch, d. ktuktashkétkish shears, scissors:
shi’pam-ni'-k. shears to clip wool. Der. kttishka.

kttshkuish, d. ktuktéshkuish portion, piece cut or sliced off: na-fgshtani
k. one half of a thing cut through the middle. Der. kttishka.

kttshna, d. ktaktdshna, v. intr. to sink down; to sink down in water, Mod.:
amputat kttshnan k’léka to be drowned. Cf. ktutéga, tchla/lya.

ktutéga, ktutii’ga, d. ktuktéga to sink down in water, moist or soft ground,
sand ete. Kl. Cf. kttishna.

ktuteks, d kttiktéks impression made by stamping with the foot or other
long-shaped object. Cf. niitéks.

ktt’tpna to bring, transport, haul in front of, close to, near: Shyélag gatpa
kta'tp’nuk pa’sh Skélag came to bring him victuals, 66, 7.

ktchayash, d.ktchaktchiash scarabee with fangs; large beetle, 91,10, Cf.
ktchdpash, ktchidsha.

ktchak (a short), d. ktchdktchak (1) mother of pearl shell, avlone shell of
the Pacific Coast; a common species is Haliotis rufescens. (2) sea shell
and fresh-water shell of every description. Cf. ktchalya, liktash.

154 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ktehalhua, ktchalua, d. ktchaktchélhua, ktchaktchalua (1) ¢o shine, to |
shine with light, to radiate, to be resplendent, to beam forth, to shed rays, to
cast a glare. (2) to reflect the sunlight, as water, glass, polished stones ete.

ktehdlya, d. ktchaktchalya (1) to radiate light, to shine, to emit rays, as
sun, moon ete. (2) to radiate heat, to emit warmth or heat, as sun, fire ete.
(3) to produce sunburns. Cf. ktchdlhua, ktcho'l,

ktehadlzyish, d ktehaktchalzish (1) shine, ray of light, beam of light,
dazzling splendor, radiance. (2) sunshine, sunray, sunbeam; glare of sun-
rays, 121, 7. (8) heat; heat of the sun, 103, 3., of the fire etc. (4) sun-
burn, 150, 8. Der. ktehalza.

ktchdlshkash glory, splendor; lit. “radiance”, and hence correspond-
ing to the word 60&a occurring in the Lord’s Prayer, 139, 7.

ktchAlta, d. ktchaktchalta to reverberate ; to reflect sunbeams, as is done by
water or polished articles. Cf. ktchalhua (2).

ktehdlua; see ktchalhua

ktehdlui, ktsdlui, d. ktchaktchdlui to be resplendent, radiant; to be multi-
colored, to shine in many hues, colors, or tinges ; said of water sheets, of the
rainbow ete., 164; 1.: the lizard’s skin, 165; 14.; the weasel’s, 169; 55.

ktcehan, d. ktehiktchan to chew, masticate, as tobacco.

ktchapash, pl timi k., wild silkworm, bombycine caterpillar.

ktchei/mu, ktséimu, species of aquatic grass, 180; 19

kteheldéla, d. ktchektchléla to husk, to peel with the hands or teeth:
ktcheldlatko peeled off. Der. tchel-, radix of tehélksh.

kteheldélash, d. ktehektehlélash rind, peeling; emptied husk.

ktcheldéluish, d. ktchektchldéluish peeled fruit, husked ear.

ktchéna, d. ktehéktcha, kts¢éktsa (1) to pierce, strike, stab. (2) to be
stabbed accidentally ; to run a splinter into the foot or other part of body.

ktehfidsha, ktsi’tsa, d. ktchfktcha, ktsi’ktsa to crawl, creep, train oneself
along the ground; said of insects, reptiles, babies unable to walk yet; to
slip up while crawling, creeping: tstti nat ktsi/ktsa, tstii nat sas ta’ shla‘popk,
we crept up (along the rock surface), then we saw them in the distance, 22,
19.: ni ktsi’tsa I crept forward, 22, 13. Cf. shiktchashla.

ktehfdsht, (d. ktehfktchtcha) pl. timi k., bat, ef. 127, 1-8.: mo-éwe
ktehidshuash’ hii‘tnan the mole jumping or rushing at the bat, 127, 4. Der
ktchfdsha, hi (1) “above”.

ktehalhua—kui’‘ka. 155

ktehik, pl. timi k., oar, paddle, 133, 10. 180; 20.

ktchikaya, d. ktchiktchkéya (1) to climb up, as on trees, rocks ete. (2)
to creep, crawl into woods, thickets, timber or wildernesses: pélakag mii’ni
witiim ktchikayt'la suddenly a huge brown bear came out (of the manzanita-
shrubs) 128, 6. Der. ktchidsha.

ktchikansha, pl. timi k., to crawl, to creep through an aperture, hole,
passage, barrier. Cf. ktehidsha, ktchitpa.

ktchikidsha to crawl around, to crawl forward, to go on creeping by turns :
ktchigidshapéli to creep back to the former place, 22, 15.

ktchinkdaga, d. ktchiktchankéga fenced inclosure, corral of small dimen-
sions. Isl. Der. ktchinksh. f

ktchinksh, d. ktchiktchanksh (1) rail, split rail, fence-rail, 35, 4. ete.
(2) fence, rail-fence, inclosure: k.-illigish corral, fenced inclosure; ktchink-
shim sttikish gate of corral.

ktchi’shlkish, d. ktchiktchdshlkish cow. KI. for titchi’techkish Mod.
Der. ktchi’tchta.

ktehitana, d. ktchiktchétana to crawl upon, to creep along.

ktcehitpa, d. ktchiktchtpa to creep, to crawl towards something, somebody
to some purpose. —

ktchitpampéli, d. ktchi’‘ktchtpampéli to creep or crawl back towards
somebody on purpose, 22, 16.

Ktehitehok, nom. pr. mase. of an individual of short stature; abbr. from
ktchitchoaga ‘Little Bat”. Dim. ktchidsht.

ktehi’tehta, d. ktchiktchatchta to trample, stamp or touch with the feet.

ktehuildéka, d. ktchuktchilédka to be incandescent; to be at red or white
heat. Mod. for tchiitchiga Kl. Cf. kaltchuyuga.

ktehwa'l, ktso’l, d. ktchéktchdl (1) star; constellation; the stars, 134, 10.
(2) meteor ; shooting star: k.léna a meteor passes over the sky Of. ktchalza.

ku, ka’, gt’ far, far off; same as kti, q. v.: gf’ n’sh hityaha he runs far
away from me, 184; 32. 34.; chiefly occurring in compounds.

kudga, ké-aga, d. kukudga young, small toad or bullfrog, 71, 6. Dim. kée.

Kuaiyutsak, nom. pr fem K1.; apparently a diminutive form.

kua/ka, kudkka, kowa’‘ka, d. kakudka (1) to bite off from, to bite holes into.
(2) to tear off particles from. Cf. kowaktcha, kipka, kwishka.

156 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kuakdkshka, d. kakékakshka (1) to bite off minute portions, to nibble at.
(2) to take, tear off a piece from. Cf. kuekndéla.

kudnka, d kuakudnka to be lame, to limp: kudnkatko limping, lamed, lame.

kua/nkuana to experience the natural alteration of the voice, as boys do
from their 16th to 18th year. Cf. wakéna.

kudta, pl. timi k., quarter of a dollar, 25 cents; or, in Western parlance,
‘two bits”. From English “quarter”.

Kuatilak, nom. pr. of a subchief of the Modocs at Yaneks, George K.,
58, 6.: lit. “the one who hurt his foot”. A man called Kiletoak was a
signer of the treaty in 1864, but is mentioned there as a headman of the
Yahushkin band of Snake Indians. Der. kuatflza.

ku atily a, d. kakuatilya to hurt one’s foot, e. g., by wearing tight uote
Der. kuata.

kudteha, d. kakudtcha to bite off, to tear away by biting, to remove with the
teeth. Der. kud/ka. Cf. kwiishka.

kudtchaka, d. kakutchdga to bite into, as into the hair, fur. 119, 4. 6-9.

kuatchaki, d. kakutchaki to bite, itch; said, e. g., of lice, 119, 6.

kf’dsa, pl. timi k., gray wood rat or field rat, resembling a peccary, not
throwing up mole-hills; a species of Neotoma. Of. kmumutch.

kuidsha, gf’tcha, pl. timi k., (1) gudgeon; mud-gudgeon. (2) dorsal back-
jin, between the kéluish-fin and the tail-fin.

kuidsha-aga, ki’tsag small gudgeon ; gudgeon or some other fish of small-
est size; incantation: 178; 1. Dim. kudsha.

kt’/dshala to fish or catch gudgeons. Der. kidsha (1).

kuidshinksh, ké’dshinks, Mod. ki’shinksh, d. ko’ktchinksh foot, claw,
hoof of a deer, horse or ruminant: kodsings a gé-u walta my deer-hoof is

rattling; song-line referring to the custom of rattling with deer-hoof

rattles during festive dances, 166; 17. and Note. Cf. lashzish.

kudshi/nkshka, d. kuktchi/ngshka claw, hoof of a young deer, horse
ete., 166; 21. Cf. Note to 166; 17. Dim. kuidshinksh.

kuefsh, d. kékuish footstep, foot-print, track: \k. haftchna to follow foot-
prints, 122,17. Cf. goyéna, kuéntchna, k6-ena.

kueknéla, d. kiikuakndéla to bite, nibble or pull off small particles or minute
things sticking on a surface. Der. kua‘ka |

kttish. 167

kuak&akshka

kuéntzyapsha, d. kukucéntzapsha, v. intr., to reach to while going, to reach
a spot in the distance; said of footsteps only: géak. tatakiam gatyap-
shuish the foot-prints go to this spot, since the children have reached it, 122,
19. Cf. goyéna, kuefsh.

kuéntchna, d. kukuéntcha to go to, to lead; said of foot-prints only:
latsastala, kékatala k. the foot-prints lead towards the lodge, towards the river.

kuéta, d. kuékuta to beckon, make signs. Mod.; unknown to Kl. Der. ki.

kué-utch, kwé-utch, apher. wé-utch, a species of willow of low growth;
its branches are used in constructing the small sweat-lodges, 82, 3.

ktihashgdsha, 126, 5.; same as guhudshktcha, q. v.

kui, gui, gi’-i (1) adv., away, away from, far off, at a distance; over there,
out there. (2) prep. and postp., when speaking of a brook, river, lake,
or hill ridge: on this side, on the same side where the speaker is, but at
some distance from him. Der. ki. Cf. gé’kshta, gét (3), gétui, gindtant,
gunitant, pélui, tigshta

k f’-i (pronounced like gett), pl. timi k., core in a boil or ulcer. Cf. giita.

ktiika-ush, pl. timi k., other name for the taslatch (q. v.) or cougar ;
called sometimes mountain lion in the West.

Ktikni, K. maklaks, nom. pr., Mélale Indian. The Mélale tribe is now
settled on Grande Ronde reserve and near Oregon City, and is some-
times called “Straight Médlale” in contradistinction to the Tchaki’nkni,
q. v. The ancient habitat of this roving hunter tribe, cognate with the
Cayuses, was the western slope of the Cascade Range, Oregon. Reduced
to about 50 Indians in 1877. Der. kui.

ktiikuish rabbit; a species of Lepus: kiikuisham ni'l rabbit skin. Cf. kat.

kuiza, ké-ika, d. kukiya, koki’ya (~~+~) (1) to discover, to find out, 100,
12. (2) to recognize, to be aware of, to know, Lat. cognovisse; nanuk sa at
pipa kukizank hashashudkia they read the whole book through and know its
contents; ktizan Sa‘tas I recognized the Snake man, 30, 17.; tids kuiza
m’s ni I know you well, 65,11. Cf. kaiyéma, kézpash.

kuinag away from town, settlement or village; far away from the lodges,
houses, 140, 7. Der. kui, -na, ak.

ktish, gt’-i, gt-ish, d. kii’kuish, black-bellied plover, black below in the
breeding season, long legs and long bill: Squatarola helvetica Cuv.

158 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kwita, prep. and postp., in the rear, back of, backwards of: \kuita nats (or
na Ish) back of us, in our rear, 31,9. Der. kti.

kuitak! exclam., go back! remove! sit away from! (e. g., from the fire)
get away! From kuita, gi.

ktitit, kuitita, prep. and postp., this side of, referring to the location
of the one speaking: Ki’uti kuitit, this side of Kiuti-place, 1381, 5.

kuitehia, ki’itsia, (d. kuikudtchia), pl. timi k., a small fat water bird
having the appearance of the kékiaks-duck, and provided with rudi-
mentary wings. Probably a species of grebe or Podiceps.

ktiya, kuye, ki’-ie, d. ki’kia, kikie, (1) crab, either marine or living in
fresh water; (2) lobster.

Kuiyam-Ski/-iksh, nom. pr. of a lodge-site on the Williamson River,
“The Crabs’ Water Trail”, 140, 9. and Note. Der. kiya, skii’-ika.

kuyéwa, d. kukiéwa to rejoice, to be gladdened, to be glad of: \k. m’s ni
gatpisht J am glad that you came. KX). for ko-ishéwa Kl. and Mod.

kuytma, koyéma, d. kukitima to be or become muddy, to be defiled, soiled:
dmpu ak. the water is turbid; guytma ké-u kii‘la my ground becomes
muddy, 169; 56., cf. 177; 13., where kiila is suppressed; partic. kuyt-
matko muddied, roiled, unclean, impure. Der. ki-i.

kuytimash, d. kukitmash turbid, muddy water; gully; muddy ground.

ktkalam, kt’/kaluak, kikamtechish; see kéke, gf/luaga, k’mu-
tchish.

kukfaks, 64, 1.; d. of kiuks, q. v.

Kukiwash, nom. pr. fem. Kl: “Uphill Goer”. Der. gika.

kukdéle, d. kukakéle (1) to take off, to lay aside the robe or gown; said of
both sexes. (2) to undress oneself; said of females only. Der. kéka. Cf.
ki’ks, kapdéla, shanatehvilla.

k@kpéli, d. kukakpéli (1) to dress oneself in the kiks-garment. (2) to dress
oneself. Der kéka. Cf. kapdépéli, kukéle, ktiks.

kuks, ki’ksh, ko’ks, pl. ttmik., (1) gown, long robe, long dress, adorned with
fringes, but rarely worn by men at the present time. The men wore
ki’ks usually made of buckskin, while those of females, snawédsham
ki’ks, were made more frequently of dressed deerskins, before they
adopted the habit, now almost universal, of wearing citizen’s dress.

Kaknégatko ki’ks unclean gown. (2) female dress, clothing, garb, array.

ktita—Ktmbat. 159

kuktakia, abbr. ka’ztgi, d. kukt’ktakia, kuki’ztgi to covet, to be enam-
ored of; said of males coveting females, 100, 4.

ki’ktt (1) dragon-fly, abbr. from kdktingsh, K]. (2) name of a root or
bulb eaten by the Klamath Lake people, 147, 5 (3) d. form of kéto.

kukui mother’s uncle, an archaic term, 122, 7.

Kukumékshi, nom. pr. of a mountain northwest of Klamath agency ;

? Der. kti/mme.

lit. “where the caves are.’

ki ytgi, d. kuki’ztgi; same as kitktikia, q. v.

kuledta, gulidta, 185; 43. durat. form of gulf, q. v.

ktili’gs, the chrysalis of a butterfly, roasted and eaten by the Klamath
Lake and Modoc Indians. Cf. ptilyuantch.

kulyamsh, pl. timi k., vegetal product used for catching fish on account
of its narcotic qualities, 149, 21. and Note.

kulyash, d. kukalzash, gugedlyash rain and snow falling simultaneously.
Incantation 164; 2. Cf. 179; 2.

kulla, ké’la, d. ki’kla, gtiggla red-head; a canvas-back duck on the
Klamath lakes, white on body: Aythya ferina var. americana; 180; 11.

kuloyéna, d.kukloyéna, kuklohiii’na ¢o stir wp liquids. Cf. shtiwini.

kwIsh, d. kikalsh badger: Taxidea americana. His ery: nak, nak, alluded
to in 185; 43. Ki’Isham yash badger-willow, a tree growing in dry
soil; called so from its reddish, badger-colored bark: Cornus sericea.

KiIsh-Tgé-ush, Ki’lsam-Tgé-ish, nom. pr. of a camp on Williamson
River; lit “Where the badger stands in the water”. Der. kiIsh, teéwa.

Kwltam-Wash, nom. pr. of a lodge-site on the Williamson River; lit.
“Otter-Den”. From ko'lta, wash.

ktimal, or ydmal, pelican, a large water-bird with a voluminous gullet.
The only pelican species of those parts is Pelecanus erythrorhynchus, which
is frequently found on the lake shores. Incantation: 166; 19. kti’mlim-
sht’m-tchuyé’sh gull’s-bill-cdp, a low cap with a cover or shield to pro-
tect the forehead.

Kumi‘kshi, nom. pr. of a locality near Sprague River: ‘“ At the Cave”.

Ktitmbat, Gtmbat, nom. pr. (1) of a locality on west side of Upper Kla-
math Lake, now called Rocky Point. The Indians stopping there are
called Kimbatkni, 142, 5. (2) of a rocky tract of land southeast of Tule

160 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

or Rhett Lake, Cal., extending from the lake shore up to the lava beds,
and inhabited by the Kimbatuash, Kimbatuashkni or Kiimbatkni On
this territory was fought a part of the Modoe war of 1873.

Kumbatkni, Gtimbatkni (1) Indian inhabiting Kimbat or Rocky Point.
(2) Indian residing at Kzmbat, southeast of Tule or Rhett Lake. (3)
Indian stopping south of the Williamson River, about Modoc Point.

Kuimbatni Yaina, or “Rocky Mountain”, nom. pr. of an eminence in
the Klamath reservation. At its base is a fishing-place called KAwam.

Kuimbatuash, nom. pr., Indian inhabiting or stopping at Kwmbat, south-
east of Tule or Rhett Lake, California, near or within the lava beds, 13, 2.
Also called Kiimbatuashkni and Kimbatkni; they form a medley of Kla-
math Lake and Modoc Indians and are said to have separated from these
some time after 1830. Der. Kumbat (2), wa.

kfi’mme, kime, zfi’mme, pl. timi k., rock-cave, cavern: kiméti shli’wish
the wind blowing out of the cave; k. lalatishaltko the cave of the lava beds,
42,19. and ki’meti from the cave, 42, 21.; both passages referring to Ben.
Wright’s cave, the refuge of Captain Jack and his Modoes in the lava
beds, cf. Notes to 37, 18. 39, 17.; kti’mets hatakt guli’ they also entered the
caves there, 30, &.; makléya kti'métat to pass the night in a cave, 121, 20.

kuipka, kt’pga, képka (+ ~), d. kukdpka (1) to bite, itch repeatedly. (2) to
bite; to itch, puncture: kai-udshish nish képka the gray wolf bites me, 144,
11.; gtitash ni’sh kii’pga nish a louse bites me on the head, 119, 3 Cf.
kui/ka, kudtchaka, kdéka.

ki’pkash, d. kukaépkash (1) sticks of kindling-wood eaten by the conjurer
at festive dances. (2) torch made of pitch, resin.

kupkupéle, d. kukapkupéle gulch, dried up river-bed. Cf. gé-upka, uka.

ki’sh, d. ki’kash white swan. This bird is believed to have the power of
making storms and tempests; incantation 166; 20. Cf. 180; 13. Two
species of the white swan occur in that region: the smaller being Cygnus
americanus, the larger Cygnus buccinator.

kushadltko, d kukshaltko pregnant, with child.

k@’shka, d. kukt’shka (+~, ~+~) (1) to brush, to clean by brushing. (2) to
comb another’s hair, 95, 17.

kushkétkish, kushkits, d. kukushkétkish brush; cloth-brush.

Kuimbatkni—Ka4-akamtch. 161

kushkusha, d. kuktishkusha to rustle, crackle, as hay, straw, dry bul-
rushes. Cf. ttishtusha.

kuishlaksh, d. kakishlaksh stepfather; said by stepson or stepdaughter.
Cf. kikui, kushaltko

kushlyatko, d. kuktshlyatko stepson or stepdaughter ; said by stepfather.

kutaksh, kutash, kityaks; see kétaksh, kétash, gtityaksh.

kutéla, d. kuktdla to squeeze out, pinch out; to squeeze, press down Cf. kii’-i.

Kutélitko, nom. pr fem. KL: “Pimple-Squeezer.”

ka’tchala; see (1) gitchala; Der. kudtcha. (2) kidshala.

kwildsha, Mod. kavi’ldsha, ka-t/ldsha, d. kakudldsha, Mod. kakowal-
dsha to erode, to gnaw; to gnaw through. Cf. kata.

kwtshka, kvtshka to bite off a piece, portion or particle.

K€

The lingual-guttural sound & alternates with the other gutturals in the
following order of frequency: x, k, g, g; in a few instances also with the
spirant h (’h-, "hh-). Modoes pronounce it more forcibly than Klamath
Lake Indians, but often elide it altogether when initial, and then substitute
the “‘arrested sound” for it: 2ke for kéke river. The sound k oceurs at
the end of words; when it begins words or stands in the middle of them, it
is either pronounced ké-, k’-, or is followed by a vowel Terms with initial
k, x, ¢ not found here to be looked for under G or K. Some of the voca-
bles below contain the negative particle k4-i as initial syllable. Cf. intro-
ductory words to letters G and K.
ka-ak, ka-ag, ka‘k, pl timi k., raven: Corvus carnivorus, mentioned 177;

16. This bird’s ery, especially when heard just after sunset, is regarded

as ominous, not only on account of its peculiar sound, approaching the

voice of man, but also because the raven was seen to devour dead men;
cf. 134, 1.2. The raven therefore became personified in Kaé-akamtch,

q. v.; also called simply Ké-ak = Cf. fwam. Onomatop.
Ka-akamtch, or Ka-ak “Old Raven” ; personification of the raven with

his oracular powers. In three of our mythic stories the ery or “laugh-

ing” of ‘Old Raven” changes men into rocks, a transformation performed
by order of K’mikamtch. Cf. pp. 131. 132 with 134, 1.2. K. wétanta

shash Old Raven laughed at them, 131, 2. 14. Ké-ag, 132, 7. Cf. ké-ak.
iat

162 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Ka-ashkshi, nom. pr. of a locality on the eastern shore of Upper Kla-
math Lake, about three hundred yards north of Capt. Ferree’s house.
An ancient funeral sweat-lodge, K. spuiklish, lies there; ef. Note on p. 143.

ka-i, adv., (1) the negative particle not. It is used for negativing facts or
assertions in an objective manner, thus differing from le, li, q. v.: ké-i
tidshi skiitash gi-uapka! it will not be a good mantle! 125, 5. Cf. 42, 7.
43,11. It usually occupies the position just before the word to be nega-
tived, and very frequently figures at the head of a sentence, and then is
spoken with a higher pitch of the voice: 100, 18. 118, 9-11. 119, 15.
127, 4. 140, 11. 142, 15.; ef. 140, 6., but seldom at the end of such:
87, 5. In English it has often to be rendered by the indefinite pronoun
no, none, not one, though in the mind of the Maklaks it remains adverb:
ka-i tataksni gasiktsina no children follow, instead of : children do not follow,
87,7. With many words ka-i forms negative phrases, which we are wont
to render by a positive turn of the phrase: k4-i kégatko whole, entire; kAé-i
stinta to hate; ka-i vi'shish brave, bold, plucky. Among the many com-
pounds of the prefixed ka-i we mention: kafzéma, kii’ei, kayak, k4yutch,
kaftua, kd-itata, késhga ete. Cf. also ké-i kanf under kanf. (2) no!
when used in reply to queries. Such replies are generally expressed by
whole sentences: tam i shléa himksh? ké-i nai hinksh shléa. Did you see
him? I did not.

kaiga, ké-ika, K]. and Mod. for kafha K1., q. v.

kaf’hha, kéhhia, kahbhia, d. kak’’ha, kaki/ha to miss the aim in shooting,
firing, striking, throwing: tsti kAhhia n’s; wiggd n’s hi/nk kdihha and he
missed me; by a hairbreadth he missed me, 23, 17.; tsti nish kak?ha and
they missed me at every shot they fired, 22, 10.; tehiti ka’hhian then (he)
missed while striking, 114, 8. Cf. 31, 10. 110, 9. 125, 8. Cf. shaktha.

kai’hhéta, kaihita, d. kak’héta to miss the aim at the time being, 125, 4.:
k. ktayatka he threw a stone, but missed, 125, 5.

kafliak, kailéak; see kéliak.

kaflpaksh Mod. for kélpoksh K1. and Mod., q. v.

ka-itata, ka-itata, ké-i tata (1) adv. loc., nowhere, at no place. (2) adv.
temp., 20 more, at no time, not at any time, never, 60, 20.: ké-i an tata

ma’nsh ma/sha [ am no longer sick; k. gdtpant they never came again, 28, 12.

K4-ashkshi— KAaksi. / 163

kaitua, kaé-i tua (1) nothing, not a thing or article, 39, 8.15. 41, 7. 95, 138 :
kaitua wawawish kiifla wnproductive soil. (2) none, no one, not even a
single one, when used of persons, animals: k. shnii’kuk (liluagsh) having
obtained none (of the women to be enslaved), 23, 7. From ka-i, tua.

k4-iu, kayt, Mod. for kayutch Kl. q. v.

kaya, ké-ia, ka-ie, (d. kakia,) pl. timi k., entrails of animals; gut, bowel.

kayaiha, kayaya to weep as a mourner, to cry mournfully. Cf. kahaha.

kayak, kayak, adv., (1) not yet; kayak wenggapkash when not dead yet,
38, 1. (2) never, at no time: kayak ktakt’nan not sleeping at all, 134, 21.:
kayak wémpélank never recovering again, 65, 20. (8) not at all, im no
manner, noways: k. tadsh talakank but they do not paint (them) at all, 87,
3.: kayak hishtchaktnan not at all in a boisterous, unfriendly manner, 37, 2.;
kayak hassasudkiank exchanging no words at all, 66, 7.: kayak ht’nksht
shéwanank not giving to him anything, 113, 8. From ka-i, ak.

kakan, gdggan, pl. timi k.,, crow; K1., 180; 7. Cf kak.- Onomatop.

kdkash, d. kakékash (1) great blue heron, yellow-breasted, edge of wings
brown-colored: Ardea herodias L. Onomatop. (2) Kakash, nom. pr.
of an Indian conjurer or wizard, called ‘Doctor John”. Several texts
obtained of him are inserted in this report. His trial for witchcraft is
mentioned pp. 64-66.

Kak4sam-Yaina, nom. pr. of a little mountain northwest of the Kla-
math agency buildings, named after the kakash-heron.

kAki’ha, d. of ka’hhia; see kai’hha.

Kak-Kshadwaliiksh, nom. pr. of a locality not very distant from
Klamath Marsh, where a halt is made by the Lake people when return-
ing home from the wékash-harvest, 74, 17. From kak, kshawaliéga.

kako, poss. kakowam, d. kékgo (1) bone; bone-substance, 71, 7.: k. yahi,
k. yamnash grain of beads made of bone, looking like small whitish disks,
with a usual diameter of one-fourth of an inch; k. pil kléké he was
reduced to mere bones, 95, 13.; ef. 157; 44.; kaké béla reduced to mere bones ;
lit. “bones only”, 101, 7.; kakowatka sha kiulo’la stépalsh with (horse-
rib-) bones they peel off the fiber-bark, 148, 20. (2) jaw, jawbone. (3)
with a pronunciation somewhat different: molar tooth.

Kaksi, nom. pr. of a camping place on Klamath Marsh; stands for Kak-
kshi, ‘““Raven’s Home”.

164 KLAMATH—- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kAlkali, kalkali, kélkoli, d. kakdlkali, kokdlkoli round, rounded, of round
shape, viz.: (1) disk-shaped or circular, lenticular, 91, 5. (2) cylindric:
yantch kalkali the ydntch-root is cylindric, 146, 1. (3) annular (A) ball-
shaped, globiform: kélkoli léwash a ball for playing; \ka‘ls kalkali the kals-
root is globular, 147, 6 —Original form: kalkal-li. Cf. Shemitie: gal, galgal.

kalyalsh, kalkdlesh, d. kakAlyalsh; see kdlsh No. 2.

kalmémoksh, d. kakalmémoksh glowworm, firefly, Mod.; not KI.

kAlo, kala, poss. kaléwam, locat. kaludshtat, kélo-utat, kilowat, kéluat
clear sky, cloudless sky, 96, 20.: k. wika’t near, close to the sky, 101, 6. 7.: k.
oi the sky is clear: kalé kapaéta at kipka the kapka-pine now reached up to
the sky, 100, 8.; shti’ya pitli’ga kaluat he lined pitch over the sky, 96, 20.
Incantations: 162; 1. and Note; 162; 4. 176; 1.2.177; 24. Cf. pafshash.

kalsh, the eatable root or tuber of the witchpai water-plant: ka’ls kalkali
the kals-root is globular, 147, 6. Der. kal, rad. of kalkali.

kAlsh, kalyalsh, d. kAkalsh, a nightbird of gray hue, small (7-8’), vari-
ously spotted like the pa”hpiish, living in woods. Males and females are
supposed to be fog-makers because they fly about in cold nights, during
which fog is often formed, 166; 22. 23. 180; 9. Abbr. from kalzalsh.

kaAltki, d. kakdltgi (1) to become round: k. at ukatikosh the moon is just
Sull. (2) to become hard, dry, strong. Der. kal, rad. of kalkali. Cf. ta’ztki.

kamtdta, yamtita, d. kakamtaéta grasshopper, Mod. for ta’htd-ash K1.,
q. v-- Cf. ka’mat.

kapkapagink i!, pl. kakapkapagink at! exclam. hush up! don’t speak
Jurther about it! stop talking about this matter! Kl. for kapkapagi’tn’-k i!
pl. kapkapagi’tn?k at! Mod. Cf. kémkem.

kata, gata, d. kakdta to gnaw, erode; to chew at; same as kata No. 2.

ka-t’ldsha; see kwildsha.

kawiash, d. kak’wiash unripe, not yet ripened or matured. Cf. yélmatko.

kii-ashtadmna to keep off, to keep or retain away from repeatedly; to pre-
vent from doing something through admonition, 96,15. Der. ké-ash (2).

ki’dsho, kidsu, kAyétcho, d. kiikii’dshu chin: kiidstksaksina lii‘kshktsa
(it) grazed him on the chin, 30, 5.

ki’gi, ki’ki, ke’gi, ye’gi, kAyeke, ka-iki, d. kiikii’gi, kekégi (1) not to

exist; not to be on hand, or present: hii wii'g’n kii’git ofa wagon is not to be

kilkali—ki’mat. 165

had, 87, 5.; k gé-u vi’/nsh I have no canoe, 122, 21.; k. nfish vii’nsh I have
no canoe on hand (2) to disappear, to wane, recede; to be gone: k. sha
waita they are absent the whole day, 110, 18; paishash k. the clouds disap-
pear; k. gé-u papkash gé-ish the lumber-board swings under my tread, 178;
8.; wash kii’kin the prairie-wolf disappeared, 128, 5. cf. 7.; kAyeke he, she
is gone; Mod. euphemistically for ‘“‘he, she is dead”; ké’sh k. the snow is
gone. (3) to be scarce, unfrequent. Cf. kinkaéni. (4) to be powerless, de-
Jjicient in strength: kakii’gi a n’sh teho’ksh my legs do not support me, I am
lame. Der. ké-i, gi. Cf heshyé’gi, laki, 1éki.

kii'gipéle, d. kikii’gipéle to be absent again; to disappear again: nanuk
hi’k wuyalapsh k all the icicles disappeared, 112,19. Der. kii’gi, -péli.

kivk, d. kia’kak penis of persons and animals. K’mukdémtcham k., ludi-
crous name given to the thistle. Der. kéka.

K i’kakilsh, ludicrous nickname given by the Klamath Lake people to
some Oregonian tribe. K’mtkamtch is said to have created them from
skunks, 103, 2.; but the name itself points to the d. form of kia’k, with
the suffix -fla appended. Cf. kii’katilsh, kii‘k.

kiv’kl’kish, pl. tami k., one who gesticulates ; actor, orator, speaker: Stndé
k Sunday speaker, preacher. Der. kii‘la.

Kik-Taliksh, nom. pr. of a camping-place on the Williamson River; lit.
“Two phalli standing aside of each other, touching each other”. Refers
to rock-pillars. Der kik, taliga.

kivla, ki’la, d. kiikii’la, kikila, kiikéla, (1) to do or perform with actions of
the body, demonstrations, playful gestures etc.; to gesticulate; said of speak-
ers, playing children etc.: tt/sh ak nen hak wak k.? what can they be doing
at some place or other? 110, 19. (2) to act extravagantly, to behave fool-
ishly. Cf. ké-ika, ka-ikash, kii’kl’kish, léshuatzish, utiissusé-ash.

kilo, kild, d. kiikélo (or kiiluam, d. kiiki’uam; supply ko’sh or anku)
juniper-tree: Juniperus occidentalis. Mit’ni k. hatakt tiiya an enormous ju-
niper-tree stood there below (me), 30, 12.

Kia#lu-Tzadlamna, nom. pr of a lodge-site or locality on the Sprague
River: ‘“‘ Juniper-tree on hill”.

kii/mat, za mat, d. kakii’mat back of persons and animals: zimtétan (for
kiimati-tana) behind on back; zimtétan seldapkitko buttoned behind:

166 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kém’tam kshéluish mane (of horse); kémat pi’la tin wildshtak it will cover
the back only, 125, 9.; kii’mat (for kii’matat) on their backs, 75, 3.

kii’sh, ké’sh, pl. tami k., a small, oblong, hard and farinaceous eatable root,
of whitish color, growing in quantities in the Pacific States and Territories
and serving as food to the Indian tribes; commonly called ipo, potato, wild
potato or {po, i’pza, q. v. It is often shaped like a date-kernel; the plant
producing it is a species of Calochortus, with stalk fureated. K. méya,
shta-ila to dig ipo-roots, 109, 1. 118, 3-8.; ef. 135, 1. 2. 147, 8. and kna't.

ki’shla to gather tpos, to go after the ka’ sh-root, 74, 3. 75, 21.: kishalshi’mi
‘‘in the ipo-season”, a time of the year corresponding to our month of June.

ké-ash, d. kekéash red-tailed squirrel-hawk: Buteo calurus.

ké-ash, kii’-ash bad thing; a term used to prevent children from handling
or eating certain articles. Der. ké-i or ki-i. Cf. kii-ashtémna.

kédsha, zédsha, d. kéktcha to grow; said of plants only, 100, 7.; to sprout
up, grow up, 95, 3. 101, 16.: k. kshi’nat grows on grass-stalks, 148, 5.; k.
saigatat grows on prairies, 146, 3. 12.; k. ttm grows in profusion, 148, 11.;
kedsha I¢hiash Méatok the léyash-root grows in the Modoc country, 147, 18.;
tstii kedsha huk then at grew up, 100, 7.; kétsa palpali grows white, 149, 20.;
ati at kédshisht wntil it had grown high, 95,4. Cf. t’shfn.

kédshika, d. kekadshika, kiikadshika; v. intr. and impers. (1) ¢o become
tired, exhausted, fatigued: Méatuash lipiak Modokishash k. the Pit River
Indians became exhausted before the Modocs; nish kaé-a kii’dshika I became
much exhausted, 20, 4. (2) to be tired, exhausted, worn out: at nti k. hém-
kanksh I have talked to satiety, 42, 3. Of. késhga.

kedshikdéla, ki‘dshikdla, d. kekadshikdla to rest, repose, take a rest or lull.

kedshnita, d. kektchnuta ¢o grow while something else is done or going
on, to grow at the time being, 101, 16. Durat. of kédshna.

ké-ish, ki’sh, Mod. yé-i’sh, d. ke-ikash rattlesnake, 180; 16. Among the
four species found in the West Crotalus confluentus is the most common.
Ki’sham shpatitish venom of rattlesnake; snake-venom. Quot. under kdka.

kekammaménish (1) ¢endril on creepers, vines ete. (2) wy. Der. kémni.

kékidsh, kékétch, Kl. kéketch, géggesh, pl. ttumi k., vein, blood-vein.

kéko, kia‘ku, d. kékgo to try, undertake, endeavor: nanuktua kii‘keo to make

many trials, to undertake frequently, to try in every way. Quot. under késhga.

ki’sh—kémkem. 167

keko-ttya, kekowtya, d. kekgowiya to try for a while, to attempt more
than once: k. shit’Ikishyéni géshtga giti’ga he attempted several times to reach
the reservation-ground, 55,10. Der. kéko, -hitya.

kéliak, kiiliak, kiiiliak, obj. kéliash, locat. kélianta, d. kekdliak, adj., (1)
being without, not possessed of; lacking, wanting, deprived of: k. pash without
Sood, 136, 8.; k. tua empty, vacant; k. l6loksgish not armed with guns, 41,
12.; k. shuldtish naked, undressed; k. kéypash stupid, foolish, extravagant,
deprived of common sense, Mod.; kailéak sktitash without a mantle on, 186;
54., Mod.; kii’liak sndwedsh, obj. ki’lish (for kii’liash) sndwedsh an wn-
married man, 60,2 and Note; tchia kitliak wii’wans they lived unmarried,
107, 2. Cf. 55,15. 77,1. (2) in the absence of is expressed by the locat.
case: Meachash kélianta during Meacham’s absence, 41, 10.; kelidnta ké-
ishtat 2o snow lying on the ground, 37, 21.; kia’Tiant wAshash the prairie-
wolf not being at home, 105, 3.

kélya, d. kekalya; see gélya.

kélpa, d. kekalpa to pant, to breathe heavily from internal heat.

kélpka, d. kekalpka, v. trans. and impers., fo be hot, to feel warm; said of
the temperature of weather, water, body and the fire heat: Tityash k.
Titak feels hot, Titak is very warm; tchule’ks k. to feel warm, lit. ‘to feel
warm as to the body”; k. a at after they are heated, 82, 8.; kélpkuk when
feeling hot, 82, 9; kté-i kélpokshtak (for kélpaksht ak) the stones having
just been heated, 113, 1. Cf. kitita, shudlka.

kélpoksh, zélpoks, in Mod. also: kailpaksh, d. kekalpoksh (1) adj., hot,
heated, boiling, overheated; said of the temperature of the animal body
and of winds, fire, objects of nature, boiling water ete.: k. mAshash fever,

' feverish disease; kailpdkshtala kiilatala nulidshé (nti) [am sliding down-
ward towards the burning region, 173; 2.; ktAyatat kélpokshtat with heated
stones, 148, 17. (2) subst., high temperature, heat. (3) subst., fever: zél-
pogs ma‘sha to be sick with fever.

kélua, d. kekdlua to bathe in warm or hot water. Cf. kélpka, péwa.

kéluash, d. kékaluash hot, boiling; said of liquids. Kii‘luas A4mpu Hot
Springs, nom. pr. of a locality

kémkem, yémzem, d. keyamzem, adv., quietly, still, silently: k. a gi’n! pl.
keyamkem a gink at! (gi’n, gink, abbr. from giank) keep quiet! be stil!

168 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kémni, kii’m’ni, d. kekA4m’ni creeping plant, creeper, vine. Cf. kédsha.

-k@ni, -zé/ni, -zii’n, case postp., with the meaning of (1) towards, in the
direction of. (2) at that place, there. Often appended to local names, as
Méatuashyéni, Safkiin, Tiwishyé’ni, Tchuayé’ni ete.

kenkapshli’li, a popular epithet given to the young silver fox, which
figures as the mythic companion of K’mikamtch. Cf. kenkatfilatuash.

képkap, zépzap, d. kékapkap (1) a species of butterfly originating,
through its metamorphosis, from the “wild silkworm”; ef. ktchdpash.
(2) any diurnal lepidopterous insect with gay colors.

késhga, d. kekishga (1) to be unable; connected usually with the verbal
indefinite or a participle: k nti ldlash I cannot believe it; kk. ka-i nti ki/-
kotko I did not succeed when trying; k. ni humasht kish I cannot consent,
42, 6.; k. kani htink nobody was able to, 128, 6., ef. 127, 8.; késhgtiga
idshi’sh because they were unable to get them out, 38, 1., cf. 95, 5.; késhguk
for késhga hiik she could not, 121, 16. (2) to be impossible: k. gutyish it
is not possible to get over. Der. ka-i.

kétchkatch, d. kékatchkatch little gray fox, a species of Urocyon; lit.
“rough-furred”. “Der. kitchkftehli. Cf. wan.

kidshna, kitchna, d. kikidshna to pour over, won: dmbu ktayatat k. to
pour water on the stones, 82, 8.

ki’dshipka, d. kikadshipka to have the waterbrash. Of. Kintpuash.

kiya, ki’a, d kikia, giggia to lie, to tell a lie, 40, 20. 41, 16.; to be a liar,
93, 2.: i kya! you lie! kiyan ne-ulkfa to make fraudulent compacts (seem-
ingly) in somebody’s interest, 36, 14.; efyan shti/lshga they reported un-
truths, 38, 16.; ki’ shéwa ni hi’/nkesh I thought her to be a liar, 40, 21.;
hi’ i ki’/-uapka ¢f you should tell a lie or lies, 59, 3.; ki’tgik (for kitki gi),
61, 3., see Note; ki-i-4 a nen Tétématsis, ki’ya hi’/nk Tetématsis Aunt
Susie lies by saying this, 64, 4. 5. 6.

kil, kfla, nki’l, nyi’/l, d. kfkal, nyinyal, the adverbial form of kila: (1)
rashly, quickly, hurriedly, suddenly: kila gén’ i! make hurry! go quick! (2)
strongly, forcibly ; a great deal: nkx'] yiita to be heavy in weight; nz pél-
pela to work hard. (3) aloud: k hi'ma to ery aloud or: to produce a loud
or shrill sound: nzi'l hii’‘ma mini léloksgish the cannon makes a loud report.

Cf. kila, killitko.

kémni—kitétchna. 169

kfla, killa, nki’la, nzilla, d kikdla, nzinzdla (1) to make haste, to hurry, to
be in a hurry: nkilan hthod’tchna they ran away fast, 42,17. (2) to be
quick, fast, impetuous, rapid: nzilank t’shin to grow fast; nkillank nalsh
sko’tki! cross us over quickly! 122, 7., ef. 21.22. (3) to be angry, wate,
wroth, pugnacious. (4) to be strong, powerful: kaé-i k. to be without strength ;
killan shléwi it blows a gale, Mod.; nkillank shishtkish a brave fighter ;
kilank tsufna to sing loud, 70, 2.; killank i’sh gfi‘tash kuatchaki! the lice
bite me sharply in the fur! 119, 6. Cf. ki’l, killitko.

kilyantko, d. kikalydntko; see kilka.

killétana, d. kikélétana (1) to insist upon, to tell forcibly: k. nalash géntge
he insisted upon our going, 34, 9.; ma‘lash killetanudpka he will insist
upon ye, 39, 1. (2) to reproach, reprimand. Der. kila.

killikanka, d. kikélikanka to speed off, to move with great speed, to run
Sast, 30, 4. Der. Kila.

killitko, nkillitko (1) hurried, accelerated, rapid: mt’ nki'lipsh tiwish
ndiIshampksh the roar of the rapidly rushing waters, 94, 5. (2) strong,
vigorous; brave, gallant, plucky: k. tsulii‘ks gi’-uapk the body will become
vigorous, 142, 9.; also used of inan. things: nkillitko latchash “strong-
house”, jail, guard-house. (3) severe, harsh: k. nii’-ulaks the law is strict,
60, 4. (4) subst., force, power, strength, 139, 7. Partic. of kila, q. v.

ki’sh, d. kikish lie, lying statement, untruth: kaé-i k. it is true, certain, sure;
there is no doubt about it. Contr. from kiyash. Der. kya.

kitita, kitéta, d. kiktata (1) to throw upon, pour on water, liquids: ampu
kelpk&pkash k. to scald. (2) to throw into water. (8) v. intr., to burst, ex-
plode: k, pitak nkash her belly burst asunder, shed its contents, 105, 16.

kititchna, d. kikatitchna to spill: tehdékéli k. to spill blood, 13, 7. Mod.
for kitétchna K1

kitzyoga, d kikdétzoga to fill with water or any other liquid.

kitlua, d. kikatlua to overflood. Cf. tehiéga.

kitéka, d. kiktéka, kektéka to drain, to take the water out; to bail: vinshtat
ampti k. éo bail a canoe.

kit’léka, d. kikdtléza to fall in quantities, to pour down: kto‘dshash kitlya
a heavy rain is falling.

kitétehna, d. kiktd’tchna; same as kititchna, q. v. KA.

170 KLAMATH-—ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kitua to pour on, upon, on the surface of: k. 1t/lpat to pour into the eye;
said of coal mixed with blood, 71, 9.

kitufna, d. kikatuina to pour into, to pour upon: dmbu kitufnank powr-
ing water into, 149, 9. Der. kitua.

kituini, d. kikatuini to put in, mix in; said of milk put in tea, of yeast put
in dough, and of other processes of assimilation. Der. kitua. Cf. kéwa.

kituldla, d. kiktuldla to sprinkle, to pour upon or into: Ambu hi’/n kitulal’
? lfi’lukshtat! throw water into that fire! Cf. kliulala.

kittitana, d. kikttitana to throw or to pour along, to pour or throw a liquid
over: pi k. Amba ntish he threw water on me.

kitehkitch, kétchketch, d. kikdétchkitch, kekdétchketch, adv. of kitch-
kitehli: (1) roughly, not smoothly. (2) tightly fitting.

kitehkitchli, ketehkétchli, d. kikaétchkitchli, kekatchkétchli (1) rough,
of a rough surface; said of furs, tissues ete.: k tchtilish woolen shirt. (2)
tight-fitting, adjusting itself closely. (3) gray, of grayish tint or color; so
called after the kétchkatch (q. v.) fox-species Der. kitcha.

Kiuti, nom. pr. of a localityron Upper Klamath Lake near Modoe Point,
close to the scene of the legendary encounter of “Old Grizzly” and “Old
Gray Wolf”, 131, 5.

kiwash, d. kikiwash whippoorwill, a night bird: Antrostomus Nuttalli ;
Mod.; term unknown to KI.

k’léka, kiéka, kaka, d. kiéklya, Wli’klka (1) to reach, to reach to, to
arrive: tsti nat la’p k., tsti nat ktsi’ktsa then two of us came up (on the
rock) and we crept along (its surface), 22, 18. (2) to turn into, to be changed
imto, to come out as, to become: ke'sh we'sh k. the snow turns to ice; ké-i k.
to become spoiled, musty, mouldy, unfit for use, 148, 4. 15.; ninuk kako pil
k. all his body became reduced to mere bones, 95. 13.; bi kta-i Wika they
became rocks, 131, 3.; cf. 73, 6.131, 15. 132, 7.; sheshaldlesh kéléya he
became a warrior, 90, 20.; ef. 35, 7. (3) to die, to expire; mostly used of
natural, not of violent death; ef. 64, 15. and tchéka: k'Iéya he dies, 85,
16, 17.; Rlakdét n’ t’nk shlii-dk I may die for having seen him, 129, 5.;
tutenépni waitélan kéléksht vumi the fifth day after each death they bury
the body, 85, 1. Mod.; Wle’ksht at his death, 87, 1. 89, 3. 6.; k’lékuish after
his death, 65, 29.; klékuish at just after his death, 65, 8.; klékatko dead,

kitua—k’léwi. 171

deceased; the dead person, corpse, 85, 4-14.; klekatk gitlya hishudkga
stillborn male child; Wlékatko tehulé’ksh dead body, mortal coil; k’lékatk in
the sense of half dead, almost dead, 177; 29., cf., 196; 8. and Note; lapuk
Rléklyatk i’pka both lay dead on the ground, 110, 17. and Note; kt’ki
kélekatko they weep for cause of death, 82, 5.; k’lékshashtala and k’léksh-
tala, in the locution ‘“‘k. telshampka”, ungrammatic abbreviations of k’le-
kapkashtala telshampka to look towards the spirit-land, to be on the verge
of death, lit. ‘to look towards those who have died before”; 158; 54.;
kli‘ksh telsimpka, 68, 8. stands for KlekApkash t Cf %2, 12. 87, 11.
110, 6. and in the Dictionary: iwizétkish, kshawal, ksh¢tléka, kttishna.
K. refers to one person or anim. being; speaking of a plurality of subjects,
three verbs are in use: (a) lula, ldla, q. v.; see also -lilatko, -lilsh; ()
kalina: kali‘napka nanuk all have died in my absence, 183; 13. 194; 16.
and Notes; (¢) wénka, wéngga, q. v.

k’lekdla, Wlekalla, d. keklkéla, Kleklkalla (1) v. intr., to be moribund, at
the point of death; to sink fast, 1388, 7. (2) v. trans., to suffer bereavement,
to lose children, relatives by death, 142, 13. °(3) subst., mother of an infant
just deceased. (A) subst., placental matter, after-birth, cf. genali.

k’léklyatko, d of klékatko; see kléka (3).

"lékna (1) to be half dead, almost dying: at Wleknapk kaké béla he was

reduced to mere bones and almost dead at a far-off distance, 101, 6. (2)

to be afflicted with mortal sorrow. Der. klcka (3).

k’lekétkish, kéli’kotch substance producing death; deadly poison, danger-

lz

—
N

ous drug, 150, 1. 2.: k. ya-uks poison berries. Der. k’léka (3).

—

k’léwi, kla’wi, kéléwi, d. kéklui, kéklui, v. intr., to cease, quit, stop ; to come
to an end, finish, stop short, 20, 5. 38, 19.: at ni k. shisht’kash now I want
to stop warfare, 14, 1.; tehe’k, tehiti k. then he, she ceased; then they quit;
a very common phrase, often applied without necessity, ef. 20, 5. 37, 21.
85, 10. 89, 7. 96, 17.; 6 nti k’lewi-uapka hémkanksh J will hush it up,
cease speaking about it; k’lawisham at after (they) had ceased (shooting)
20, 5.; k. used in the medial sense of “to surrender”, 39, 1.; k’léwiank
subsequently, afterwards ; in this signification it occurs only when standing
absolutely: kléwiank guhudshktcha hereupon he set out; lit. “after
finishing (the abovesaid), he set out,” 1)1, 12. ef. 111, 3.

172 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

k’lewidsha, d. k’lek’luidsha to leave, quit, to start away from: latchash,
kiifla k. to leave the lodge, country; cf. 39, 5.; Klewidshapka A’-ukskni the
Klamath Lake Indians had dispersed, 28, 4.

k’léwidshna, d. klek’lkéwidshna (1) to abandon, relinquish by walking

_
rv

away: kléwidshnank wewéas tchi’shyéni leaving their children at home
118, 3. (2) to abandon maliciously or treacherously, £5, 8.

—
1

k’lika, d. klik’lya to be in a hurry or haste, to hurry up: Wika nti nen I
have no time; ké-i nt Wliké I have time, I am at full leisure; klikug an
ka-i mish tchawaya I have no time to wait for you; klikog an ké-i shué-
udshat J have no time for fishing with the line. Der. Kila.

klépa, kla’pa,d. klakla’pa (1) to wheeze (2) to move the tongue between
the compressed lips, Mod.; unknown to KI. Cf. hlépa

ké-ena, d. ko-¢koa, kii’koa to leave tracks, foot-prints, Mod. Cf. goyéna,
kuefsh, kuéntehna.

ko’hiegsh, Mod. kuihégsh, kiiyeksh, d. kokéhiegsh, Mod kukuihégsh
orphan who has lost both parents: snawédshea k. female orphan, father and
mother deceased; kuihégshash-shitko like an orphan, 55,18. Cf. lila.

k6-i, ké-idshi; see kt-i, ki-idshi.

k6-il, kil, d. kuikuil (1) mountain sheep, Mod. for wiesh Kl. (2)
sometimes used for the domestic sheep (see ship) and goat.

ko-ftehatehta, d. ko-iki’tchatchta to bite somebody in the bone. Der.
kéka. Cf. kuat/ka, kudtchaka. ;

kéka, kéka, kéga, d. kokéga (1) to bite; to bite into: ké-isham nti kékatko
I am bitten by a rattlesnake; kékuapkug intending to bite, 184; 30. (2) to
suck, to suck out, viz. first to bite and then to suck from the bite: nii’paks
ai nti kéga IT am sucking out the disease, 155; 17. 156; 28. Cf. édsha,
hanshna. (3) to eat wp, devour, 169; 54. 177; 32. (4) to weep, lament
with suppressed voice and biting the teeth; different from kiki, q. v.

kékaga, kékak, kokeAga, d. kékeak, kokgedga (1) river of moderate
width and depth; stream, streamlet, creck, brook, 30, 21.; ditch, small water-
course: kukaga stintchishti ditch filled with water, wet ditch. (2) spring of
water; such springs are called ‘little rivers” in the Klamath country,
because they surge at once from the soil, which consists of volcanic sand,
with a very considerable amount of water, forming ponds from twenty to
forty feet wide. Dim. kéke.

k’lewidsha—koke. Ae)

kokagtalkni, adj., (1) coming over the stream: k. gépgap’l they returned
over a brook, 29,14. (2) coming from or living on the other side of a rwulet,
brook or water-course. Der. kékaga, -tala, -kni.

Kokaksakshi, nom pr. of a fording place, “at Little River”, probably
northeast of Linkville, 19, 7.: sa gelo‘la Koki‘ksaks they dismounted at
Little River, 20, 15. A large spring of this name is fifteen miles east of
the Klamath agency buildings, on the road from there to Yaneks.

Kékaksi, (1) nom. pr. of a camping place on a tributary of the William-
son river. (2) nom. pr. of a lodge-site or camp in Sprague River Valley,
also called Kokayii’ni.

kokdlam, kékélam, poss. case of kdéke, q. v.

kokalkokaltko, d. kokgalkokgaéltko (1) weak in the joints of knees,
fingers, elbows etc.; said, e. g., of children just commencing to walk, KI.
(2) clumsy, shapeless, Mod. Cf. kalkali.

kékanka, ktikanka, d. kokékanka (1) to masticate, chew: katchkal k. to
masticate tobacco; kikanka sha titatka they masticate with the teeth, 149,
13.; ef. ktchan. (2) to gnash or grate with the teeth. Der. kéka (1). Cf
shekukédsha.

kéke, kéka, ki’ke, Mod. kéke, kékai, d. kékge, ki’kga (1) river, stream,
large running water: kike yulalina alongside the river, along the river beach,
127, 11; E-ukalksin kédka Wood River; kékailam ktaydga the pebble of
the river, Mod.; kékélam shumalkish mouth of river; kokalam pilkuish
dry bed of a river, dry river bottom, 21, 15.; deep furrow; kikgetat gagikua
to cross rivers. Cf. gikua. (2) Kéke, locat. Kéketat, is nom. pr. of all
the larger rivers of the country, being frequently used without further
epithet; the hearer has to gather from the context which river is referred
to. Thus we find the Williamson, Lost, Sprague, and Klamath Rivers
called ‘‘the River”, whereas to the Pit, Sacramento, Rogue, Umpqua,
Willdmet, Columbia and other rivers adjectives are usually prefixed.
The Sprague River is generally called P'laikni Kéke, abbr P'laikni,
Plai; the Pit River: Moatuashyé’ni Kéke. The Williamson River is
referred to in 16, 16. 28, 1. 143, 1.; in 54, 1. it is called Ya-aga koke, ef.
Ya-aga. The Lost River, in the former country of the Modocs, is referred
to in 33, 2. 36, 9. 21 37, 12. 16. 75, 21.

174 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Kdéketat, locat. of kdke (2); sometimes used instead of Kdke, q. v.
kékiaks, d. kokdkiags, a species of duck, red-eyed; not often seen flying.
Probably a grebe of the genus Podiceps. Cf. kuitehia.
“kéko-i, pl. tami k, to drink; said of infants only. Der. kéka. Cf. pdpo-i.

Kokdélish, nom. pr. fem. K1.; means “Kol-root Eater”, and, as a conse-
quence of this, ‘‘of repugnant breath”. Der. ko’l.

kézpash, d. kékozpash (1) thought, reflection: gé-u makliksham k. the
disposition of my people, 39, 22. (2) memory, remembrance, recollection.
(3) mind; mental faculty. Mod. for hishkanksh Kl. and Mod. Der.
kézpa, d. of kdpa.

kool, kdl, gil, el, (d. kdkol), pl. ttimi k., edible root of the kilam-plant.
This root has a brownish color and a pungent, but not disagreeable taste,
when first dug; after roasting it is black and spreads a fetid smell, but
is very nutritious and highly prized by Indians; it looks like an irregu-
larly-shaped beet, and is from one to three inches long, 147, 9-13.

~kélalsha, d. kokdlalsha to gather annually the kol- or Valeriana-root, 74,
3.: kolalshi’mi in the ko'l-gathering time. This root is dug throughout all
the warmer months of the year.

ko‘lam, gulam, pl. timi k., plant producing the kol-root or: wild tobacco-
plant. The kilam-plant has been identified with some species of Aralia,
and with the Valeriana edulis or tobacco root, which has a less woody
root than the Aralia; cf. Report of Commissioner of Agriculture, 1870,
p. 469. Taktakli tehélash ¢t’lam nikuk the stalk of the ko'l-plant is red
when ripe, 147, 9.

Kélamzéni Koke, nom. pr. of an Oregonian river; probably no other
than the Des Chutes River. K. K. ti’ ti’nsna Sidaikt litpian the river of
the kol-root country runs on the east side of Sidatkti.

kélkoli, d. kokélkoli; see kalkali.

kélkolsh, kélyolsh, d. kokélyolsh thimble. When used as an intertribal
currency, a dozen thimbles are worth among these Indians about $1.50.
Der. kalkali.

képa, d. kézpa, kékpa (1) to think, to reflect; to study: tidsh kozpatko
well disposed, generous, liberal (2) to suppose, believe: ké-i k. pndlam ki-i

etwish they did not believe that outrages had been committed by their own

oD

Kéketat—kutidshi. 175

people, 38, 17. (8) lo recall to one’s mind, to recollect, remember. Mod. for
huishkanka KI. and Mod. Cf. kopakta, shéwa.

kopakta, kipakta, d. koypakta to think of; to remember, recollect. Only
the d. form is in general use. Mod. Der. kdépa.

képka, kévka, 144, 11.; same as ktipka, q. v. Cf kui’ka, kéka (1).

ko-ttyua to bite each other. Der. kéka (1).

kowitiwatko, d. kowikowitiwatko (1) grimacing, making faces, distort-
ing the features (2) frowning.

kudkuaksh, d. huahudkuaksh gillflirt mare, mare ruptured in_ foaling.
Der. the redupl. kéwa.

kudta, kua'ta, d. kuakudta (1) to be hard, firm, of hard or solid consistence ;
to be tight: at k. kélé-ush now the sand has hardened; partic. kuatatko
hardened, tightened, firm. (2) adv., firmly, tightly; forcibly, with energetic
grasp: ha’nk k shnukpapka she held her firmly, 55, 6.; \k. shlitchlka to tie
Sirmly; kuata with a firm grasp, 162; 3. (8) adj., hard; solid, firm, tight:
kudta kté-i a hard stone.

kui, ké’-i, ké-i, d. ké’ki, kéki, adv. of kti-idshi: (1) badly, wretchedly ;
when speaking of physical qualities of anim. or inan. objects: k. né’pka
it is bad weather or these are hard times; cf. né’pka; k. pilui to smell badly ;
k. piluyéash onion (wild); k. tchii m’l t’k the signs are bad for ye, 133, 6.;
k. taka to be dull, blunt; k6-i timénash disturbance, bad noise; ké-itoks nti
hushlta I feel unwell. (2) wrongly, wickedly, injustly; used when speaking
of wicked or hateful moral qualities: ki-i shiita to spoil, to break, 132, 5.
6.; to treat badly, abuse, injure, outrage, 36, 20., to do wrong, neglect one’s
duty; k. shtefnash aggrieved in one’s heart, or of wicked intentions; k.
shptlhi to lock up for punishment, Mod.; ia ku-i gi! you are wrong! ké-i
né-ulya E-ukshikni the Klamath Lake people did wrong, acted in a wicked
manner, 35, 5., sa ki-i hak tsia they lived miserably all the time, 78, 12.,
ef. 78, 5.; ki-i sti’'ta stainas to embitter each other’s hearts, 78, 5.; ku-i gi
to do evil to, 139, 5.

Kutidsha-Nit’sh-Gitko Ugly Head, nom. pr. of one of the ten wives of
Lelékash, a former Klamath Lake chief.

ktiidshi, ké-idshi, d. kuki’dshi, koki‘dshi, adj. (1) bad, wretched, unavail-
able, obnoxious in the physical sense: k. kiii’m rotten or poisoned fish, 132,

176 KLAMATH —-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

3. 4.; misshaped, ugly ; hard, rocky, inaccessible, impracticable ; ktitsant tchia
ktayat they remained within inaccessible rocks, 21, 13.; k. A4mbu hatakt
hiuhiuatk there the water is of difficult passage on account of the softness
of its bottom, 20, 3. 4.; sterile, unproductive: k. kiifla bad land. (2) bad,
wrong, misclaevous; embodying all the bad and obnoxious moral qualities:
k. stefnash a bad character; k6-idsha ne-ulyéga for having done mischief,
192; 8.; k maklaks a dangerous, wicked fellow, 184; 28.; ké-idshi watsag
a vicious dog, 184; 30.; stubborn, inflexible; wrong-doing, vulgar, unbecom-
ing; k6-idshitoks hishuaksh @ criminal, a rogue, Mod.; terrible, horrific:
kt-idshi skiks a wicked spirit, ghost, 127, 13. 128, 1.; k6-idshi shui’sh a
conjurer’s song of pernicious influence, 179; 7.

kuihégsh, kttyeksh; Mod. for ko‘hiegsh, q. v.

kiki, d. kik’ki to lament, weep, mourn silently over somebody: k. kélekétko
they mourn silently for cause of death, 82, 1. 5. and Note. Abbr. from
ktikia and thereby differing from kéka (4) Cf. kahaha, kéyaiha.

kt’/lu, kiluag, ki’me; see etilu, giluaga, ki’mme.

ki’tpash, d. kukatpash gnat. Der. giita.

x.

A number of terms commencing in g, & and especially in k are sometimes
pronounced with zy. No list of these is needed, for they are given in
alphabetic order under k, as yii’mat, 7é-ish, yélpka, yémzem, -z6'ni, ~épzap,

ie

This sound is interchangeable with » and hi in a few terms; / stands in-

z7’mme and others.

stead of r in words borrowed from foreign languages: ribbon, lipin, lipai.
Initial 1-, la- may be a prefix referring to the configuration of the soil, de-
clivities ete., or to existence upon the ground; initial l-, lu- may be a prefix
indicating round or rounded, bulky shape, and in this case often refers to
one subject or object only; cf. prefix pe-. The prefix le- is of a negative
import. ‘The initial syllables le-, li-, lui- and Ika-, lze- are not prefixes, but
radical syllables, each forming a series of verbs with their derivatives.

1a, -la, -lé, adverbial particle of emphatic or augmentative signification:

kitchkan 14 the smallest; tché’kslé ni gatpantki I shall come very soon.

la-a, d. lala-a; see hla-a.

kuihégsh—laki’sh-shushatish. 1%

laggd-idsha, d. lalgd-idsha to stick up, to elevate or hang on a pole or
stick; said of rounded, hollow and globular objects: tcht’léks gi‘lit tchish
1. she hung on a stick the meat and the anus, 119, 12., ef. 20. Cf. igga-idsha.

laggdya, d. lalgdya, lalkdya, v. intr., (1) to hang down from, to be sticking
on; to grow on trees or shrubs, as fruits, berries, 146,9. (2) to stand in the
sky; said of the celestial bodies, which seem suspended there. (3) Mod.:
to lie upset, to lie upside down, as bottles ete.

laggalagash, d. lalgalagash Adam’s apple, thyroid cartilage; called by
this term on account of its rounded shape Der. laggdya.

laggaltchna, d. lalgedltchna to make gashes or long cuts; to cut by means
of gashes: partic. laggaltchantko cut or slashed with gashes.

la-iks, lé-ikash, lafys, d. laliks, lali‘kash, lalékash fish-net with small meshes.
It is a dip-net provided with a handle and differs from the witsdlas by its
smaller meshes La-ikash-shitko shita to embroider, viz. “‘to work net-
like”. Cf. radix la- with latcha, lédsha

laya to point at, to take aim: tam haf mish layank téwi? did he shoot by aim-
ing at you? 109, 17.; layipka to point at somebody, or at the one speaking:
shléank ht’nkt layfpaksht (for layipkasht) lilukshgishtka perceiving that
he had pointed his gun (at me), 30, 13., ef. 15. Cf. alahia, kinualpka.

lak, la‘k, pl. tumi 1, long hair; (1) hair of head, scalp: yakanuapkuk 1.
hi’nk in order to have a scalp-dance or scalp feast, 16, 10.; 1 shidshka to
cut off the hair, 89, 5. 90, 6.; 1 shf’ktaldsha to cut off one’s own hair, 132,
6. Cf. ktishka. (2) hair of mane, of tail or other long hair; 4mpuam 1,
“‘horse-hair”, a film- or thread-like organism found in morasses and wet
places, making snake-like motions in the water: a species of Gordius ;
180; 18. and Note.

laka’dsha, d. lalka’dsha; same as laéktcha, q. v.

Lakelaksi, nom pr of a mountain situated between Crater Mountain
and Upper Klamath Lake. Der. lak’laka.

Llaki, la‘ki, ldggi, d. lalki forehead, 24, 4 and Note, 97, 1. Der. lak.

lakia, d. lalakia (1) to put or place against something. (2) to stop or bung
up; to cork; as barrels, bottles. Cf. shalgia, shalgidsha.

lakish, d lalkish (1) cork, stopper, bung. (2) knob, as door-knob ete.

laki’sh-shushatish locksmith; lit “lock-maker”. Half English.

12

178 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

lak’laka, hlakhlaka, d. laldk’laka to be, to become slick or slippery, as from

ice, 111, 20. Cf laklakli.

liklakpka, d. laléklakpka to whisper, to speak low-voiced. Of. \éklekpka.

La‘klakshti, nom. pr. of a water-course west of the Klamath agency
buildings. Cf. Lakelaksi.

laklakli, hlakhlakh, d. lalaklakli, hlahlakhlakli; said of inan. things.
(1) smooth, smoothened ; slick, ‘‘slicking nice”, polished. (2) slippery. (3)
even, level. (4) thin, tiny; the opposite of “bulky”.

la‘klaksh, d, lala’klaksh bag, satchel, pouch. Cf. laklakli (4).

Lakmi’skni, L. maklaks, nom. pr.: Klakamas Indian. The Klakamas
tribe of the Upper Chinook family of aborigines lives at the Grande
Ronde reservation and near Oregon City, Oregon.

lakpeks, d. ldlakpeks ashes, 14, 7. Cf. likshlaksh.

laktash, d. lalaktash, lalktash (1) haliotis or mother-of-pearl shell of the
Pacific Ocean. One species of Haliotis, the Haliotis tuberculata, Span.
avlone, is 8-12" wide, 3 to 34 Ibs. in weight, and is gathered in large
quantities near Cape Mendocino, Cal., and at other places on that coast
by whites, Chinese and Indians, the mollusk serving as food., the shell
for ornament. See “Bastian u. Hartmann, Zeitschr. f. Ethnologie, 1877
(ix. vol.) p. 74”. Cf. ktchdk. (2) when wrought out into ornaments:
mother-of-pearl ornament: |. snawdkitko wearing a necklace of this shell.

laktcha, d. lalaktcha; also, laka’dsha, d lalka’dsha: (1) to cut, sever; to
clip, crop: ni'sh 1. to cut the head off, to behead ; tyAlampani 1. to cut through
in the middle; lakadshatko watch bobtail horse. (2) to cut the throat of per-
sons, animals: nde-ulyapkash |. after he fell they cut his throat, 42, 10.;
Mi’sham nish lalkddsha he cut off the Southwind’s head, 111, 10.

lakdkash, d. lalkAkash bell. Cf wawa-ush.

laki, laki, d. laki to be yone, lost: nté-ish m’na |. his bow is gone, meaning
that it was stolen from him; skti‘tash sha pallapka hi’nksh; laki hunk
they robbed him of that blanket; it is gone. Der. le, hd, gi. Cf. ki’ gi (1) (2).

lakf, d. and pl, lalaki, laléki, lalayi (1) chief of an Indian tribe. Tutas-
zenini 1, muni |, abbr. mil. head-chief, high chief ; ef. 58, 1.; kitehkani
L., abbr. kitcha, kétcha 1. subchief, subaltern chief ; lalaki, or ninuk lalaki,
the head-chief and the subchiefs, 64, 8. 10. (and Title), 65, 14.; 1., in the

absolute form, is also used for subchief on pp. 59-62.; sessalélish 1. leader
) H Pk 3

lak’laka—lakiaga. 179

of war-expeditions, also called 1. kilti’s, 28, 8.; tidsi 1., tidsh hishkankatk 1.
“«neace-chief” ; Walamskni |. the chief of the Rogue River Indians, 16, 7.;
Tchaktot Sdtam 1. Tchdaktot is chief of the Snake Indians, 58, 8.; Sa’t 1.
the Snake chief, 28, 7-10.; Mo’dokni |. the Modoc chief, 38, 14. 39, 5., ef.
21, 6. 37,.17.; lakiam wéash son of a chief, the chief’s son, 182; 6.; lakiam
p¢-ip the chief’s daughter, 190; 11.; lakiamksi to or a¢ the chief’s house,
60, 7.; ldkiam shashimoks the family, relatives of the chief. The attri-
bute rich, wealthy is connected with the idea of an Indian chief through-
out Oregon and also among many tribes of other territories; cf. 182; 6. 7.
(2) male person wielding power, authority, or influence: army officer ; com-
mander, leader; lord, ruler ; master, employer ; officer, manager, director ;
judge; agent of an Indian reservation. Mit 1. tt tehia (for tehfank) Boshtin
kiiila the President of the United States; lit. ‘the head-chief living far off
in the American land”; cf. 38, 3.; Béshtin 1 the American commander, 14,
3. 6. lieutenant, 37, 4.5. army officer, 43, 4. 55, 14.; skuyt’i natch ht’k
lalaki the two officers in command dispatched us (there), 29, 12.; agent of an
Indian reservation, 36, 1. 2. 11.; lakiam pipa pass-ticket, written permit to
leave the Indian reservation temporarily, issued to Indians by the agents
of the reserves; ht lalaéki hémkank the judges or jury passed sentence, 44,
6. L. also stands for God and for K’mikamtch: p’laikish 1. the heavenly
lord, 134, 19.; mini 1. the great ruler, 40, 9. 192; 8.; and, with unknown
reference, shappashti nti |. gi J am the lord of the sun, 163; 15. (3) when
used attributively, chief means more powerful or more influential than any
other: shuisham | k6-ii of all incantations that of the toad is the most power-
Jul, 180; 17.; shakalshtat 1. tmélhak the tmélhak-squirrel is the most powerful
(charm) in any game, 134, 6. (4) husband: 183; 19. 20. 21. 186; 55. Cf.
hishuaksh, lakiala. (5) subst. and adj., masculine, male animal: 1. tehaskai
male weasel; |. ki-il ram, buck, wether; wo'n 1. (for wo'n ldkiash in 190;

16.) elk-buck. Cf. lakiaga

lakiaga, ldkiak, d. lalakiak, subst. and adj., little male, young male ; said of

animals only: lakiag win young male fox; used often in connection with
names of animals showing the dim. form: liakiag wilaga young male deer ;
lalakiak pi’mam, mityam tit both upper or male teeth of a beaver, wood-
chuck; ef. 80, 1-6. and Note. Dim. lakif (5).

180 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

likiala, lakiald, d. lalakiala to marry; said of females only, 55, 18. Der.
laki (4). Cf. hishudkshla, snawédshla.

Layit, nom. pr. of a mountain near Modoe Point, on the east side of
Upper Klamath Lake.

lala, ldléla, ldVla, d. lala‘la to slope downwards, to be steep, to form a decliv-
ity: partic. lalatko, ldletko sloping down, abrupt; laletko walish precipice,
steep rock or rocks. Cf. wlat.

lalago (d. lal’lago), pl. ttimi L, pine gum; a clear substance flowing from
pine-trees and hardening in a short time. Cf. lala, waldkish.

lala-ish, pl. ttimi 1, pregnant, with young, breeding; said of animals ouly:
mutshmush |. pregnant cow. Der. hla-a.

lAlak, d. lalilak brant, or Canada goose; grayish-brown, paler below,
head, neck and tail black: Anser canadensis. _Onomatop.

lalamnatko, pl. ttmil., humpback. Der. lala. Cf kilka, tiszantko.

lAlash, d. laldlash flank, side of animal: laldlashtala through the flanks,
156; 32. and Note; side of human body above hip; rib-portion. Der. lala.

lalatshaltko, pl. timil., composed or built up of slaty, schistous forma-
tions, lava rocks: pipélantan kQ’mme |. on two opposite sides of the lava-rock
cave, 42,19. Der. lalawash. Cf. tehéltchlish.

lalawash, lald-ush (1) slate-rock, schistous rock formation. (2) any rock
of hard texture, as lava ete. Der. lawa.

Lalawasz@ni, nom. pr. of a camping-place on Klamath Marsh; lit.
“At the Slate-Rock”. Der. lalawash.

ldldsish, d. lalildsish, house-builder, constructor of buildings. Der. latcha.

laliga, d. lal’liga (1) to stick, remain upon; said of stains, patches ete. of
rounded shape, 97, 1. (2) to be by or on, to stand near by. (3) to be near,
to stand by the water: latchash a 1. kékétat the lodge stands by the river

lali’/sh, lalish, d. lalalish mountain or hill slope, declivity, valley side ; steep
shore, 21, 15. Der. lala.

Lallaks, “Sloping Steps”; name of a steep little eminence bordering on
Klamath Marsh with about twenty-five steps for its ascent, 74, 15. Abbr.
from Lal’likish. Der. lala.

Lam, ltim spirituous liquor; whisky, brandy, rum: lamam or 1. bunudtkish, 1.

wikoksh whisky- or rum-bottle. From Chin. J. lim, this from Engl. rwn.

lakfala—lapi. 181

lama, d. lAlama (1) to be dizzy, giddy, bewildered. Cf. la‘mlemsh. (2) to be
drunk, tipsy; to be in a state of inebriation. (35) to curse, to call opprobrious
names: tina |. to curse once; to call by one saucy name. Cf. shlamia.

lamadsha, d. lalmddsha to go ahead or to be ahead of others. Cf. Yash-
Lama‘dsh, yumadsha, tamadsha.

lamkosh (1) a species of willow, sometimes used in constructing bridges
(2) Lamkosh, nom. pr. of a brook in Sprague River Valley. about two
yards wide and named after the willows growing on it. The whites, by
a misunderstanding of the name, call it Whisky Creek; cf. lamam wa-
koksh, under lém.

la’mlemsh dizziness, giddiness; state of bewilderment, Kl. Der lama.

lam-punt’tkishti, abbr lam-puni’tchti, d lalam-punt’tkishti (1) glass-
substance. (2) drinking-glass, tumbler. Der lam, bunudtkish.

Lank-=Tehan, nom. pr. of Long John, a Klamath Lake subchief, 58, 2.
3. He figures in one of the Pit River raids: Lank-Tsdnash tchish sli’ksga
they also came near shooting Long John, 21, 16.

lapaklash, d. lalpaklash shoulder. Der. lapok. Cf. tehnipal.

Lapa-Kiu-Gi'tko, nom. pr. mase.: “ Having-Two-Rumps”; alludes
either to gluttony or to some bodily deformity, #0, ly. Cf. Push-Kiu.

lapash, d. ldlpash at two places, in two spots, localities, 75, 13. Der. lapi.

lapi/yalsh, lape-alsh twins. Der. lapeala.

lapeala, d. lalpeala to give birth to twins, to have twins. Der. lapi.

lapéni, lap’ni, d. ldlapéni, ldlap’ni (1) adv., twice; Pi |. shéwana Blow
gave twice, 66, 9., cf. 16, 1. 55, 16. 59, 16. 144, 7. Used as a multiplica-
tive in forming compound numerals: |. ta-unepdnta lap pé-ula ilidlatko
twenty-two years old, 55, 8. 19.; 1. waitélan two days after, 48, 17. 44, 1.
Mod. Cf. 37, 3. 13. 48, 7.20. (2) adv., im two days, for two days, dur-
ing the lapse of two days; supply watta, q. v.; l4p’ni gatpampéle E-uksi
in two days (we) returned to Klamath Marsh, 24, 12.; lap’ni waita, Tues-
day, stands for |. tinshna Stindé-giulank waita. Der. lapi.

lapi, la’pi, abbr. lap, la’p; d. ldlapi, lalapi, abbr. ldlap, numeral adj., two.
At 1. lalaki shatashi then the two chiefs shook hands, 35, 2.: 1. stands instead
of lapéni, 37, 13.; la’pi shd-ungaltk the two related as father and son, 94,
2., ef. 107, 1.; la’pi giug for being double, 60, 18.; lap miles two miles ;

182 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

kat lalApa wii’wans gitk those who have two wives, 61, 12.; ef. 60, 17. 18.;
l4pa wewéash oftko had two young ones or cubs, 118, 1. 2.; refers to the -
fact, that in mythic stories a family of quadrupeds counts two young
only, cf. 177; 2. (Note) 14. 184; 31. and Note to 118, 1. 7.; lalapi, lalap
two to each, serves for counting objects by pairs or couples; lélap shApash
shipatytikank each couple of moons were covering each other, one of each
becoming eclipsed, 105, 1.; l4pantka yiita they fired at him twice, 42, 14.
and Note. Cf also 21,5 43, 4, 1 440%. GLeoeio2 NOt. aes:
and labé for lipa 107, 4.

lapkshaptani, abbr. lapkshdpta, d. lalapkshéptani, numeral adj., seven,
37, 14. Der. lapi, -kshapta.

lapkshaptdankni, d. lalapkshaptankni, adv., seven times; 1. shlin he was
shot seven times, 42, 14.; 1. ta-unep seventy, 36, 5.

lapkléksh, Iép-zleks, d. lalapkleksh, I¢dlap-yleks mother who lost two or
more children by death. Cf. lepkléka, tehakléza.

lapok, la’puk; obj. lapukayii’nash, 61, 19., Mod. lapukénash both; shash 1.
i’mpéle both of them he brought (home), 96, 7.; 1. pe’tch both feet; 1
watch both horses; |. sumsedlémamks both man and wife, 59, 8.; tsi ni’sh
hi’k l4pukantka shlatampk then both drew their bows at me, 23, 17.; lapuk
shldéa both lynves, 126, 1. Cf. 60,6 108, 3. 110,17. Der. lpi, ak.

laptak, pl timil, bulrush mat, tule mat. Mod; KI. prefer shla-ish.

lapukni, d. lalépukni, adv., at both spots, locations, places: kani nish
lapukni géndlla? who has reached or touched you at both spots (of your
body)? 184; 36. Der. lapok

la’sh, hlads, d. ldlash, hlalas (1) wing of bird. (2) wing-feather ; feather, ef.
awalésh, hlaka, ptilya; ef. Note to 183; 21. (3) flier of arrow. Der. hia’.

lashaltko, d. lalashaltko winged, feathered, provided with feathers ; lasaltk
nanuktua all the feathered tribe, 145, 38. Der. 1a’sh.

lAshyzish, d laldsyish, or wéteham lashkish horse-shoe; also 1. kii’dsh-
inkshtat: lit. ‘shoe on hoof.”

lat&dsha, d. laltadsha to iron, as shirts, clothing

latidshl’ya, d laltadshl’ya (1) to press down by weight ; to place weights
upon. (2) to smooth, iron with the flat-iron.

latadshétkish, d. laltadshétkish, Mod. for latashtinétkish KL, q. v.

lapkshaptani—lawdlash. 183

latashtindétkish, latastini’dsh fat-iron for ironing. Cf. latadsha.,

latka, d. laltka to be sorrowful, sad.

latktehish, d. lélatktchish case, sheath, cover: shtlhash-l. pillow-case.

latecha, d. laltcha to build a lodge, house resting on bent willow sticks, or
on rails, frames or posts. Quot. under kshiulakgish.

latehaksh, d. laltchaksh (1) fence, enclosure, paling. (2) paling around
grave. Klamath Lake and Modoc Indians erect palings on their ceme-
teries almost in the American fashion, paint them white, and make them
high enough to secure the one or two graves inclosed against the inroads
of wild beasts Der. latcha.

latehdkshla, d. laltchdkshla (1) to erect a fence, enclosure. (2) to set up
palings around a grave.

latchash, d. laltchash (1) Indian lodge constructed of sundry material;
mostly resting on posts or rails, over which mats, boards and slabs are
laid, 83, 3. 84, 2.: kifla 1 earth lodge, dirt-house, winter-house, more fre-
quently called luldamaliksh. Cf. stapsh. (2) the generic KI. term for
house, dwelling, building; Mod. shtina’sh. Cf. killitko. (8) Latchash,
nom. pr masc. K1.; pointing to the owner of a spacious lodge, 77, 4.

la-uldawa, d. lalilawa to rattle, to make a clattering noise, as bones striking
against each other, 157; 44.

lai-ulya, d. lalf/lya, lalélya to drive a team uphill. Cf. niulya.

lawa, d. ldlua, v. intr, fo project, to advance into; said of capes, promonto-
ries, terraces or of foot-hills advancing into a plain. Cf. Spa’klish-Lawish.

lawala, ldwal, d. lalawala, lalual (1) to place on the top of; to lay upon,
place upon, as a ball onatable. (2) to be on the top, to spread or extend over
the upper part of, 149, 1.: shlapsh tsuntkalam lawdlatko 2” the flower of

i

the tsunika-plant is two inches wide (viz. ‘extends 2” over the plant”),
149, 17.; lawdlatko, Mod. pin. (3) to shake the head while putting on ars.
Mod. Cf. hinawala.

lawdalash, lawalsh, d. lalawdlash, lalualsh, any round or rounded body
fastened on the top of something: (1) pin-head, Mod. (2) nipple of breast ;
ef. édshash. (3) lawalsh, or nk&ésham lawalsh, the upper stomach of a
ruminant; in this signification always pronounced lawalsh. (4) bladder:
shufitchash-liwalsh, abbr. shuitchash-lawish (a) urime bladder; (b) fish-

184 KLAMATH —~ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

bladder, swimming bladder ; (c) any kind of bladder fastened to another or-
gan. (5) the junction of a round organ to the body: nisham léwalsh
junction of neck to head in quadrupeds, KI.

lii-a-dmbotkish, an amphibian described as of thumb size and not
unlike a frog in statu nascenti; newt; lit. “unwilling to drink”; 180; 17.
and Note. Der. le, 4mbutka.

li’kshktsa; see lé’ktchktsa.

I’ ba, a palatable grain or seed gathered for food in autumn, 147, 14.

lIbéna to dig; to dig in the ground, to dig a hole; refers to excavations of a
rounded shape: |. shtf’nshnuk Ambii shni’ntaltchanuapkug to dig a ditch
Jor the water to run through. Cf. ibéna, yépa.

Ibttka, d. lbailbka, (1) v. intr., to be, to exist, to rest on the ground; to stand
(buildings etc.), to lie on the ground; said of inan. things: shlakétkish a 1.
kiiflant the ax lies on the ground. (2) subst.,. plant, fruit, bulbous root, or
bunch of grass of a round or rounded exterior and growing on the sur-
face of the soil; vegetable bulb, knoll, tuber, cf. 149, 18. and mti-lbika.

ldiglza, ldi’gélya, d. ldilddglya to kneel, to kneel down.

Idi’gtatka, d. Idilddgtatka to stand on tiptoe. Cf. Idiglya, teélya.

Idikala, Idé’geala, d. ldi/ldtkala to pick up from the ground, to lift up
one round object. Cf. itkal, lg@’m-ldaéklish, ndakal.

Idtikua, d. ld@’ldakua to hug and caress.

-16, -la, adverbial suffixed particle identical with 14, q. v.

le, le, li, negative particle not, used in a putative sense only like the Latin
haud, and often connected with the potential ak, ka, aki; le génug for
not being allowed to leave, 144, 4.; 1é nti ak géna probably I shall not go, I
do not expect to go; le nu ak pan I don’t know how to eat, I cannot eat. Forms
several compounds: lii-a-Ambotkish, l4ki, lehéwitko, Iéki, 1é wak, q. v.

lédsha, ledsha, d. léldsha to knit: nétu an lédshish I have the practice of
knitting: ledshniita an I am used to knitting. Cf. lateha.

lé-éka, 1é-ékanka, 16-élkish; see I¢ka, lékanka, lélkish.

légakish, whip-rod inserted into the whip-stick; see vutékutksh.

léhiash, Iéyash, pl. tami |., the radish-shaped tuber of the léhiasham-plant
growing in the country formerly held by the Modoe tribe, 147, 18-21;
it is called ‘‘ouse” by the Nez-Percé Indians. Cf. tawiks.

l4-a-A4mbotkish—leli’ma. 185

léhiasham, Iéyasham, l¢-isham, the plant producing the radish-shaped
Ichiash: Peucedanum ambiguum. Tchélash 1é-isham taktakli shlapsh gi’tk
the stalk of Peucedanum has red flowers, 147,19. 20. Of. Rep. of Commiss.
of Agriculture, 1870, p. 407

le-héwitko, d. lela-héwitko, lele-héwitko running slow, slow-going: lit.
“not racing, not liking to run”; said of horses, 189; 8. Cf. le, hiwalya.

léyash, pl timil,; see léhiash

Iéka, Véka, Mod. lé-éka, d. 1élka, léléka, Mod. 1é-Alga, lé-éIka. (1) to be
mad, crazed, out of one’s mind: wash léka gi'tk, wash Iéeeaty a crazed
prawrie-wolf, 184; 32. 33. 84. (2) to be drunk, inebriated: ka-& 1. he is
dead drunk ; \ékatko drunk, one who is drunk. Cf. hléka.

Iékanka, Vékanka, d. leldkanka, lé-elAkanka to carouse, to drink to excess,
to go on a spree; to partake in carousals, libations. LD. form more in use
than absol. form. Der. léka

lekankish, l’ekankish, d. lelakénkish carousal, excess in drinking

léki! legi! le gi’! pl. Iékat! excl. quit! stop! cease! hold on! don't! Der.
le, gi (5). Of. k4-i gi! (under gi (5), kii’gi (2).

lékish, V’ékish, ’éksh, d lélaksh, lé-lékish, 1é-élkish (1) adj., crazy, mad-
dened, resembling a drunken person: said of the gait of a fox-species, 155;
22. (2) subst., habitual drunkard.

léklekpka to whisper, to speak or converse with suppressed voice: léklek-
pkank waltka ta’dsh to chat or have a talk at low voice. Of. laklakpka,

leklektchampka to whisper; to speak at a low tone of voice to people
who are at a distance, 113, 6.

léktcha, li’ktcha, d. lelaktcha to grind; to hone, whet, as knives, scissors.

léktchi-héwitko slow-running, slow-going, as a horse. Cf. 1é-héwitko.

lektehétkish, d. lelaktchétkish (1) round, disk-shaped grindstone ;
turning grindstone. (2) sandstone rock; this being the rock from which
the above are made. (3) hone, whetstone. Der. léktcha.

léktchktsa, d. ldaktchktsa, I6lakshktcha to graze the skin; said of mis-
siles, 30, 5. Der. léktcha.

lélamiiiksh, pl. timi 1, kidneys.

leli’ma, d. lel’li’ma, v. intr. (1) to become rotten, putrid, mouldy; to rot;
to be or become friable (2) to wear out, to be used up, worn out, as clothing.

186 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

lelédshi, d. lel’lédshi young of mammals, brood; cub, puppy ete : miish-
musham 1. calf one year old and upward; shi’pam 1. lamb, lambkin. Der.
hla-a. Cf. lalé-ish, lilhanksh.

leledshidga, lelédshiak, d. lel’ledshidga young cub, puppy, whelp;
animal in its earliest stage of life Dim. lelédshi.

Lelékash, abbr. Lelé’ks, Léléksh, nom. pr. of a deceased head-chief of the
Klamath Lake tribe, a signer of the treaty of 1864. He had ten wives,
of whom a few were still living in 1877, while others had been repudi-
ated by himself. In May 1869 he was removed from his position as
chief for imbecility and Allen David chosen in his stead; Ind. Aff. Report,
1869, p. 176; ef. 1867, p, 92. He died a short time after the Modoc war
in the wooden house built for him by the government at Yé-aga, and
since then no person of the tribe dared to live in it. Having been the
owner of a spotted horse, his name is interpreted by: lelékash, spotted ;
another name of his was Tchmdzaltko, q. v.

leliwa fo be at the end or in a corner of; to form an edge or corner; to stand
or lie at the end of a row or series, 174; 7. Cf. lawa, tamddsha.

lélkteha, d. leldlktcha to leave, leave behind, relinquish, throw away and
leave; said of rocks, stones, watches, wheels, balls, filled sacks ete.:
tchi‘ktchik 1. to let a wagon stand, 78, 14; ktai 1. to leave stones behind, 85,
14. Der. élktcha.

lélka, Idlya, d. leldlza to lay, to put or place down; to deposit on the ground ;
said of round and bulky things only. Der. élya.

le1tki, d. lele’ltki to peep out, to look at, 126, 8.; to look who comes in.

léluish, pl. timi 1, a species of black bug moving rapidly in the water;
dangerous when swallowed.

léluidshish time or epoch of death; hishuakga, sniwedshga gfulya
Idluidshishti son, daughter born after the father’s death. Cf. -ltlsh.

Lémaikshi, phonetic metathesis for Mélatkshi, q. v.

lémateh, lematch, pl. ttimi 1., mealing-stone; large flat stone about one
foot square, used by Indian women for grinding (roasted) seeds, wheat,
corn, small fruits ete., 80, 1.; the Aztee metlatl; lematchatka shilakleishtka
yi-wlalénank tehipash they rub fine the tchipash-seed upon the metate by means

of the rubbing-stone, 149, 8. Der. lam- in lama, lemléma.

lelédshi—lé’p. 187

lémé-ish, lmé-ish, d. lémélémish (1) thunder, peal of thunder, 169; 53.
(2) thunderbolt, stroke of lightning. (3) Lémé-ish, the mythic genii of the
Thunder, five in number, and their parents, the “Old Thunders”. The
large earth-lodge in which the five lived is represented as a black, dusky
cave; Ske’l set this lodge on fire and killed all the Thunders, Similar
myths are found in other portions of the Columbia River Basin. Cf. 111,
12-114, 12. and lemléma (1), Itepalsh.

Lémé-isham-Nuté@ks “Place where the thunderbolt went down” ; nom.
pr. of a locality on Klamath Marsh, 74, 15. From lémé-ish, ntitéks.
léména, d. lémédlma, léméléma it thunders; ka-A ’'ména it thunders loud.
lémé’sham, d. lémélmésham, species of mushroom growing above the

ground; not eatable. Mod.; unknown to Kl. Der. lémé-ish.
léméwaliéksh, d. Imelméwaliéksh obstruction in a river formed by
drifted logs ; drift-wood piled up, 21, 19. Der. lémewilya.

lémewilya, d. lémélémewilya, v. intr., to drift away; to be moved off by
circular motion: |. kililks the dust is whirling about.

lemléma, d. lelamléma (1) to whirl about, to reel, to be shaken up, Vid: 9.
(2) to be im state of dizziness, giddiness; to stagger when walking: partic.,
li’mlematko staggering. “Der. lama. Cf. 1a/mlemsh.

lémtina, d lémi’lm’na (1) to be at the bottom, to be underground. (2) to
swim below the surface, near the bottom of the water. (3) subst., bottom,
ground, earth. (A) subst, underground, dark region; the earth’s interior.

lémunakni, d. lémulm’nakni coming from underground ; belonging to the
dark regions below. Ct. munatalkni.

léna, d. léla (1) v. trans., to carry something round, rounded or bulky. (2)
v. intr., to move on, to travel; said of round bodies; to ride in wagon, sled
ete.: ktsti’l 1. @ meteor or shooting star travels on. (3) v. intr., to move in
an orbit, circular line, to make a circular or half circular motion: tyopowatka
tech Iénank shlin they express their guesses by making a side move with their
hand, 79, 4.; cf. 80, 11. Der. na. Of. kldtcha, klatchna, 1é’ntko.

lé’ntko moved away, removed; lying on or in the ground; said of round or
bulky objects: wi-uka lé’ntk léyash the léyash-tubers are lying not very
deep wn the ground, 147, 19. Partic. of léna. Cf. wika.

le’p, li’p, hlii’p, d. 1élep, hldip bran; ray-grass. Cf. bd.

188 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

lépka to bring, fetch, haw; said of around or bulky object. Der. épka.

lepkléka, d. lelapkléya to lose children by death; said of mothers, who
have lost two or more children. Partie. lepk’l¢katko bereaved of two or
more children. Der. lapi, k’Iéka (3). Cf. lapkléksh.

lepleputiina to play “smoke in” or ‘smoke out”, a game described in the
myth of the Bear and the Antelope, and played by their offspring;
lit. “to smother each other repeatedly by smoke”, 120, 7. and Note.
Der. lpi (in the archaic form lep), ptita.

lepleputéa to cry lepleputé or lepleputa-a, this ery forming a part of the
game described 120, 9-17. Cf. lepleputii‘na and Notes.

lépuinsh frying-pan; instr. lépuinatka, 147, 21. KI. for Ifpash Mod.

léshma, lésma, d. lélashma not to see, find or discover; not to perceive or
discover at the spot where sought for, 121, 10.: tehvi ni’sh lés’ma gé’tal
ta’ds but he did not discover me in that direction, 30,15. Der. le, shléa, -ma.

léshuatzash fmm, sport, comics, antics: léshuatzsh hémkanka to talk fun-
nily, comically; 1. kéla to act comically, to behave in a grotesque manner.
Met for léwashtzash. Der. léwa (2). Cf. ka-ikash, kii‘la, sheshzéla.

létalani, d Iélétalani (1) mischievous, vicious, reckless. (2) stupid, foolish.
Der. le, tala (in talaak). Lit. “not straight”.

lé-ula, d. lelé-ula to play a game, 159; 58. Der. léwa (2).

jé-uluatka, d. of lévitatka, q. v.

lé-una, li’-una, d. lelé-una to go and play, to play a game, to amuse oneself
at: nad la/-una hii’masht! let us play this game! 120, 8. Der. léwa (2).

lé-usham, d. lelé-usham flower of every size and description; cluster of
lowers on the stem, inflorescence: tehékénish lelc-usam ei’tk tehélash the
stalk has little flowers (on it), 148, 12. Cf. lawa, leliwa.

lé-uteha, li’-udsha, d. lelé-utcha to go to play; to go out playing, 107, 16.
109, 15. Der. léwa (2). Cf shdkma.

lé-utehna, d. lelé-utchna to play while going, to play on one’s way. CF.
shakla, shakma, shuédshna.

le-utehdéla, d. lele-utchdéla to have gone to play in the distance, to be absent
Sor playing, 141, 9. Der. lé-utcha.

lévtiatka, Itatka, d. léviluatka, contr. lé-luatka, liluatka to stand, when

speaking of two or a few subjects only; the absolute form is unfrequent:

lépka—lewitchta. 189

nad Puluatka tikéshtat we stand on clay ground. Speaking of one subject,
tgutga; of many, likantatka.

lévuluatka, d. of léviatka, q. v.

lévuluta, d. of levita, q. v. Cf. also tgtita.

lévuita, Duta, lita, d. lévulita, (for lévulévita) Pultita, lilta (1) to hang
on, to stick to, to adhere to at the time being: yana lita shAppesh the sun is
setting, lit. “hangs down”; wakinsh péntt lultampkash ishka they remove
the round pieces of red paint sticking on the panam-tree, 150, 6. (2) to be tied
to, to hang on, to stand before temporarily: hit huk lévulita watch tehik-
tchigat these horses are harnessed to the wagon; lit. “these horses stand at
the wagon for a time”. Speaking of one subject, tgita. (3) v. trans.,
to hang over, to dress in at the time being: shuldtish sha léviita they dressed
him im garments, 95, 17.

lévutila, d. lévulutila; see teutila.

léwa, d. leléwa (1) to play a ball-game. (2) to play any game, to have social
sport: gin at a nat katni 1. here we are playing outdoors, 121, 10.; tataksni
léwapka (for léwuapka) the children will play, 141, 12. and Note; 1é-
watkuk (for léwatko hak) after they had done playing, after play, 109, 15.
and Note. (3) to disport or amuse oneself; to romp. Of. luaiya, shakla.

léwa, la’wa, d. lélua; same as lfwa, q. v.

lé wak, li’ wak, léwak to be undecided, to be at a loss, to be in a quandary
or uncertainty about; the pers. pron. being inserted before or after le: nat
lé wak kaa; li’ a nat wik ka-A we did not know at all what to do, 21, 8.
22, 2.; nat Iéwak nia’-uléka we were undecided how to arrange matters, 22,
12.; li’nwak na/uléza I do not know how to have (her) tried, 65,1. 2. — Lit.
“not how”; supply shayuakta to know.

léwash, d. leléwash (1) playing ball, toy-ball. Cf. shakuéash. (2) ball,
globe, globiform body: \i'Ypam 1. eyeball. Der. léwa No. 1 (1).

lewé-ula, le-wé-ula, d. lelué-ula (1) to forbid, to caution against; to dis-
allow, prohibit, interdict. Cf. hishnkita. (2) to give warning, to forewarn:
ni’sh sa liwii/-tla hd’kuapksht palkui’sham they warned me not to run
across the dry (river) bottom, 22, 5.; ef. 30, 3. and Note. Der. le, wé-ula.

lewitchta, lé-witchta, d. léluitchta to refuse; to object, resist, 24, 16. 75,
10.: ka-i ni lL. L am willing; maklaks |. ké-ish the tribe refused to go (there),

190 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

$4, 9.; 1. ge’sh he declined to go, 36, 14.; gé-u l. tpéwash he objected to my
speaking, he would not listen to my words, 34, 8.; 1. htink nanuk gépgapélish
they were all loitering on the return trip. Der. le, witchta.
let black mixture of burnt plum seeds and bulrushes used as a paint. It
is put in little round spots on the cheeks. Cf. lgtim, shatuaga.
Igtya, lgdya, d. lgt/lgia, lgdlgia (1) to collect, gather, pick (berries, fruits).
(2) to husk; to shell, to “‘shuck.” Cf. ktcheldla.
lgtim, Vgi’m, léki’m, d. lgtlgam, Ikilkam (1) coals, the residuum of
burnt wood, 71, 8. 121, 15. (2) black paint made from coals and used for
lining the face and tattooing; different from let’, q. v.
Igt’m-ldaklish, lgtimtdt’klish, d. lgim-ldaldaklish crepuscularian or
nocturnal moth, called “‘coal-lifter.”. KI. for lgt’m-loliégish Mod., q.v. Der.
lgtim, Iduikala.
letm-loliégish, d. lgtlgam-loli¢gish nocturnal butterfly; crepuscularian
or nocturnal moth; Mod. 'The name is due to a legend, according to
which these insects are carrying away coals at night. Der. lgtim, luyéga
(or liwayéga). Cf. let’m-ldaklish.
lidsza, litchza, d. liladsza to lay or place on the top of, to superpose to.
Der. idsya. Cf. litatka.
likla, d. lilakla, said of one round, rounded or bulky object only: (1) to
lay down, to lay, put or place upon, to deposit: watchag shli‘ki na‘sh liklash
pala-ash the dog ate up the whole loaf of bread. (2) likla, or partic. liklatko:
I lay down, he lays down; laid down; viz. “counted”; classifying terms
placed after the compound numerals 11, 21, 31, 161 ete.; pé-ula being
used for the remainder of the units. Der. ikla. Cf. fla, pé-ula.
Likosh, nom. pr. of a Modoc man; other form of Hlékosh, q. v.
likuadlza, d. lilakudlya (1) to spark forth, to emit sparks. (2) subst,
spark of fire.
lila, hifla, d lila, hl?hla (1) to be sorry, to complain about: |. an hi’n I
am sorry about that; 1. an hi’nksh ma/‘shisht, k’léksht Zam sorry that he
is sick, dead. (2) to mourn, to be a mourner: Wii'-aks ké-i hii‘la Aisisas
Mallard did not mourn over Aishisl’s death, 101, 5. Cf. luatpishla.
lilhanksh, Mod. lidlanksh; d. lilalhanks, Mod. lildlanksh (1) young of
wild animals, Mod. (2) young deer ; little deer, Mod. (3) quadruped ; hunter's

lew —litechlitch. 191

game, beast hunted: hohankankatk 1., nanuktua L. the running animals ; all
kinds of quadrupeds, 145, 1. 2.; tchulé‘ksh liThankshti deer-meat, venison,
113, 7.; liThankshti (without tchule’ks) i’tpa he brought venison, 112, 15.
and Note. Der. hla-a. Cf. lalé-ish, lelédshi.

Li‘lo, Lilu, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake chief, signer of the treaty of 1864,
58, 3. Some interpret it by ‘“wolf-dog”; others by ‘‘gray wolf”.

lilpash, d. lildlpash, rownd oven; bake-oven, as used for making bread.
Cf. Iépuinsh, lipash.

limi’l (1) mule. (2) Limi’l, nom. pr. fem., interpreted by ‘“ Mule-Kar”.
From Chin. J., this from French la mule.

limi l=miin packer of army baggage, 29, 21: lit. “mule-man”. From limi’l,
and Engl. man. Cf yatiksmiin.

limli’mli, d. lilamlimli dark-colored; of persons: dark-complexioned.

limlima, d. lilAmlima to drizzle; kto’dshash 1 a drizzling rain falls.

Link River Jack, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake subchief, 58, 2.

lipai, d. lilapai ribbon The Mod. form is lipin. From the English.

lipash, d. lilapash, Mod.; same as KI. lépuinsh, q. v. Cf. lilpash.

lish, lish, enel. particle usually occupying the place of the second word
in asentence. It is mostly found in interrogative sentences, and there
it answers to our ‘it is not?” “ perhaps,” “probably”, and to the German
“etwa”. In most instances it remains untranslatable; wak lish i gi?
what is the matter with you? tami’ lish & mulo‘la? are you ready or not?
41, 18.; tat lish mi t/nak? where is your son? 141, 8.; tatakshni, kAkiash
lish i ka-iga those children whom probably you are seeking, 121, 13.; ka-i
lish kani nobody, I should say, 39, 8.; ké lish tok gtli she has entered a
house, 189; 7. Mod. uses it oftener than Kl. Der. le.

litki, litke, litzi, d. lilatyi (1) subst., eve, evening. (2) adv., im the even-
ing, late in the day, at nightfall, 20, 17. 141, 12. Cf. lita (1), litzi.

Littlejohn, nom. pr. of a chief or headman of Lake Indians settled at
Yaneks, on the Sprague River, 58, 5.

litchzash, d. lilatchzash, headstone, headboard; tchpinuat lilatchzash each
headstone on a graveyard. Der. lidsya.

litchliteh, d. Iflatchlitch, adv. of litchlitchli, q. v. (1) powerfully,
strongly. (2) bravely, heroically: mt 1. shishéka shellualshé’mi he fought
very bravely during the war, 55, 10.

192 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

litechlitchli, d. lilatehlitchli (1) mighty, powerful, strong in a physical
sense: ké hai makloks |. (Mod.) this man (or Indian) is physically strong,
of a powerful physique. (2) strong in a moral sense; brave, valorous,
heroic: litchlitehlish stefmash gitko a hero; lit. “possessed of a strong
heart”; cf. 159,14. (3) subst., power, force, might, 139, 18. Cf. killitko.

litehtakia, d lilatchtakia to make strenuous exertions, to try hard, 70, 4.
Der. litch, radix of litehlitehh.

liukdya, d liuliukdya, v. intr., to gather, assemble, crowd together in bushes,
woods, cliffs; to stand, sit or lie, or to be ambushed in the timber, bushes,
recesses: liukayank a i-t’ta they shoot (at you) while ambushed in their
recesses, 30, 3; sa shlid yastat li‘ukaipksh (for liukayapkash) and they
discovered them crowded under the willows, 20, 6.; tsti ni hiti‘tpa hihassuaksas
hatokt liuké-isi (for liukdyashi) then T ran to the place where (our) men
had crowded together, 22, 4. Der. liwa (2). Cf. tgakaya (2).

litkatko, d.lulitkatko ear-lobe; Mod., unknown to Kl. Cf. tgakéya (1).

liukiamna, d. liuliukidmna, v. intr., to gather, assemble around somebody
or something; to stand, sit or lie in a row, series, file, crowd, or ring:
wéwanuish windta liukidmnank the women accompany the wizard’s song
while sitting around (in the lodge or outside of it), 71, 5. Der. liwa. Cf
teakiamna.

liuzuga, d. liuliuzuga, v. intr., to crowd or gather indoors along the walls;
to stand, sit or le around inside a house, lodge. Der. liwa (2). Cf. tefzuga.

liuliga, d. liluliga to be, to remain, to stand on the beach or shore-line; said
of many subjects. Der. liwa (2). Cf. tgaliga.

liuliwa, d. liloliwa to tremble from terror, fright

liulza, d. lilo‘lya to form a circle; to sit, sit down, lie in a row, ring or
circle: liulekan while sitting in a circle, 193; 12. Der. liwa (2). Cf. gaki’ma.

liuna, d. liluna (1) fo stand, sit, lie or crowd inside, indoors, within. (2)
to stand, sit, lie, be gathered on one side of. Der. liwa (2).

liuna, d. lilt’na, lili’-tina fo produce a distant roar, crash or rushing noise,
as a land-slide does. Cf. liuifwa.

liupka, d. lilupka to sit in a circle, ring or file; to be collected or lumped
together in one heap or body, 22, 1. Der. lfwa (2).

li-upteha, I¢-upteha, d. liltipteha, v. intr., fo gather or collect behind; to sit

litchlitehli—liwdla. 193

behind, to gather behind in a crowd: sendtank ktayat li’-uptsank they
Sought while hiding themselves behind rocks, 22, 6. Der. liwa (2).

littatka, d. lilitatka to stand, sit, lie or gather in a ring or circle. Der.
liwa (2). Cf. Idi’gtatka.

liutila, d. lilutila, v. intr, to gather, collect, stand, sit or le under, under-
neath, below. Der. liwa (2). Cf. tehutila, wawatila.

liutita, d. lilutita to crowd or gather outside, outdoors; to stand, sit or le
around on the outside of (a lodge, camp etc.). Der. liwa (2). Cf. tgatita.

liutitna, d. lilutitna; same as liutita, q.v. .

liutka, d. lilftitka to blaze up by the wind or by itself; said of fire-flames.
Lit. “to gather up again”. Der. liwa (2). Cf. tgepaliii’ga.

liwa, léwa, lii’wa, d. lilua, lélua (1) to be crowded together in the water. (2)
to crowd together, to congregate into one crowd or file, to mass up, to unite into
one body, 21, 19.: ti’shttik Méatuash |. where the Pit River Indians were
gathered up, 22, 20.; at hi’ksa Ifwatk tti’m waltka tankt then those who
were crowded together had a lively talk among themselves, 23, 3.; \i/'wank 1-0'ta
after gathering they shot (at us), 21, 16.; li;wapksh (for liwApkash) ni
télshapka I saw them crowded together, 22,14. (38) to grow, to come forth
in clusters ; to be, exist together in bunches, grapes or clusters; said of fruits,
berries ete.—Der éwa, fwa. Cf. hlivash.

liwayaks, liyuiaks, liuyaksh, pocket, sheath, scabbard ; wiati |. knife-pocket,
or any other pocket in the dress; pushptishli 1., pupil of the eye.

liwayéga, d. liluayéga (1) to begin lifting up or hoisting. (2) to lift up
one end-of something. Contr. into luyéga (2).

liwdkanka, d. liludkanka to move or shake some object when lifted at one
end, as a log, stick ete.

liwakutkpéle, d. liluakuikpéle to clasp the pocket-knife blade.

liwala, apoe. liwal, d. liluala, lilual (1) to stand gathered on the top of ;
to stand in a bulk upon: hatakt li’wal Sa’t on the top (of that hillock)
gathered or stood the Snake Indians, 31,10. (2) to stand up, to be erect
on one’s feet.—Differs from liwdla by its accentuation. Speaking of one
subject only, tgdwala, tga-ula, q. v. Der. twala.

liwala, d. liludla (1) v. intr., fo unite, gather, collect in a heap or crowd.
(2) v. intr., to gather in a hidden spot, to collect in an ambush or sheltered

place ; to stand, sit, or lie in a secreted location. Der. liwa (2).
13

194 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

liwatkal, d. liludtkal to lift up, to raise up again ; to place in a seat, 101, 13.

liwatchampka, d liluétchampka to help up or hold up somebody, 158; 55.

Lkom A’-ush, nom. pr. of Black Lake, near Klamath Marsh, 74, 16.
Lit. “Coal Lake”. From lgtim, é-ush.

lkakimitko, d. lkaélkimitko (1) undulating, wavy. (2) striped horizontally.

Ikan, lyaén, d. lydlyan (1) v. intr., to be agitated, in commotion; said of
waters. (2) v. trans., to produce commotion im waters, to raise waves or
billows: shléwish lyén the wind agitates the waters.

lkapata, d. lkalkpata, v. intr., to be violently agitated, to form surf ; said of
water: dmpu Ik. the water makes a surf. Der. Ikan. Cf. ndakalpata.

lkapa, Ikappa, d. lkalkpa, lyalzpa to pile up, to pile upon each other: 1. ktaéi
to erect a stone pile, 85, 12. Mod. for lokaptchya K1.

lkash, d. lkalkash wave, billow; motion on the water’s surface. Der. lkan.

Ikashkish, lydshzish, d. lkélyashyish martingale.

lkelhudépkash, d. lkelyalhuépkash crupper of saddle.

Iketkitko, d. lkelkatkitko, lyelyatkitko striped vertically; the absolute
form is little used. Cf. Ikakimitko.

1ké61kosh, lzédlyosh, d. lehkdle’hkosh flank of quadrupeds near genitals.

Ikuim, lgtm, d. lkilkam, leileam; see lgim.

1% 4k canoe-pole; Lat. contus. Cf. légakish.

lyalyamnish bulky, long, capacious sack or bag to keep provisions, grain,
wokash etc.: lyalyamnishti lulinash recently ground pond-lily seed put in
long sacks, 74,10. Cf. willishik.

lyawaltko, d. lyaly4waltko provided with antlers, long horns or prongs:
pako'lsh |. gi the mule-deer is armed with prongs.

lyawawash, Mod. lyawaéwintch, d. lyalyawawash (1) finger-joint ; articu-
lation on fingers and toes. (2) finger; all the fingers taken together. (3) toe;
all the toes taken together. Cf. shulapshkish. Der. Ikan, wawdlamna.

lyelyatanash, pl. timi Ll, harness

lyet’kntla, d. lyelzat’knila to hang down from the mouth, 158; 56.

lo’k, luk, la’k, d. lélok, la’‘luk (1) seed of flowers, fruits, shrubs, trees;
kernel of fruits: li’k liizitk tchi’pshash the seeds are larger than the tchi-
pash-seeds, 146, 3. (2) marrow, pith.

lékanka, d. lolédkanka to go astray, to yet lost, to wander about.

liwatkal—lépkash. 195

lé6kanksh, d. lolékanksh smoke-hole of lodge. Cf. gi’nyish (2).

1ékansha, d. lolékansha to pass through, escape: gi’nzishtala |. shla4yaksh
the smoke goes through the smoke-hole.

lokaptchya to place or spread over, on the top of ; to superimpose: kt&-i 1. to
pile up stones, as on a place of incremation or burial; tchik sha kné-udshi
1. hereupon they spread pieces of bark on the top, 148,18. K1.; ef. lkdpa.

lédkash, légash, KI. hlf’kash; d. 16’Ikash roe of fish. Der. 16’k.

Lékitni, nom. pr. of a mountain between the headwaters of Lost River
and Clear Lake. Cf. lékuash.

lé6kuash (1) adj., hot, heated, boiling; said of water. (2) subst., high tem-
perature, heat. Der. likua. Cf. kélpoksh, kéluash.

lé6kuashtkni (1) adj., coming from, belonging to warm or hot, boiling
springs. (2) subst., Lékuashtkni, (or L. méklaks), nom. pr. of the Warm
Spring Indians of Des Chutes River, Oregon; also called Yémakni, q. v.
and Waitii’nkni, q. v. Der. likuashti, partitive case of lékuash.

Lo’k-Pshi’sh, nom. pr. fem. KL: “Grizzly Bear's Nose”. Cf. lfi’k.

léla, ld’la, d loldla, lulii’la to believe, to trust, to give credence to: kA-i mish nai
1 Ido not believe you; p’laiki’shash 1 to believe, to trust in God, 41,17. 134,
19.; sa lai‘la washam tyii‘tyash they believe in the prairie-wolf’s prophecy,
133, 1., ef. 2. 4.; liluk sa kakam tyti'tyatkash singe they believe in the
raven’s oft-repeated prophecy, 134, 1. Cf. 64, 7. 127, 13. 128, 5. 135, 4.

lélalya, d. lold'lalza to go straying, to be abandoned; to be astray, wander-
ing, 183; 12. Cf. lékanka, lulina (1).

lo'lksam, pl. timil., nom. pr. of a short grass growing in dry places,
three to four inches long.

lélogsh, léloks; see liloks.

loléloisam, d. of liiluisham, q. v.

lé6lomak, lulémak, pl. timi 1., grain of cereals: wheat, rye, maize, etc.:
nanuk tchi’ks 1. gé-u wuta the blackbirds have eaten all my grain.

lélua, d. lilalua, loldlua to sleep outdoors, to sleep outside the lodge or
house; said of more than one subject. Cf. la’lya, skéi’‘Tpka.

1élumi, d lulal’mi; see ski’/Ipka.

lé6pkash black pine-tree, probably Pinus contorta: 1. tipka a black pine stands
up there. Cf. kapka, ko’sh, pan, wapal.

196 KLAMATIL—- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

lotelétash greenish substance excreted, or removed through vomiting, KI.
Refers to snakes only.

létesh, d. léltesh (1) mat, piece of matting made from a species of slough-
or sedge-grass. (2) a kind of Klamath Lake dwellings, now obsolete.

lo’tkala, Vhd’tkala, d. 1o‘Itkala, VPhaVhitkala to push, move forward; said
of round or bulky articles only. Der. hitkala.

Ishi’/klak, Ishfkl’y, d. Ishflshaklak willow branch or rod bent over and stuck
in the ground at both ends; thus forming the rude frame for a family
sweat-lodge or other small structure. Der. atcha.

Ishiklakuifga, Itchiklakuika, d. Ishilshaklakufga to make a willow frame
for a sweat-lodge, shed, outhouse. Mod.

Itakaya, d. ltaltkdya to pick and eat berries, fruit from bushes: Itakaftkiug
tuitchyash im order to feed on choke-cherries (1. for lItakayatki gfuga).

Itéks, d. Itdéltoks (1) spot, dot: waménigsim gé-u 1. those are my spots, those
of the black snake. (2) buckle; as brass buckle on trunks ete. Der. lita.

Ittizaga to pierce, perforate; said of round objects: pt’klash Ituizdktgi
etug in order to let it consume, eat up the white of the eye, 71,10. Der. titeka.

Itchama’shka, d. Itchaltchma’shka; see ntchama’shka.

Itchiklakuitko, d. Itchiltchaklakuitko (1) shed or outhouse just begun
or existing as a skeleton frame only, Kl. (2) shed, shelter, outhouse, Mod.
Der. Ishiklak. Cf. Ishiklakufga, maéhiash.

Iva, d. lilua tt is foggy, misty, hazy: kéa 1. the fog is very thick. Cf. li’lya.

Itagsh, Itagshla, d. Itluagsh, Iiluagshla; the absolute form exists only
in the synaeresis: lt’gsh, It’gshla, q. v.

luaiza, luafka, d. lualuiza (1) to make fun, to joke; to deride, cf. Note to
126, 3. (2) to smile, titter, giggle. Der. léwa (2).

ludalamna, d. lualo’lamna; see tkAlamna.

lualya, d. lualo‘lya Mod., lueludlya K1.; see teélya.

lualéya, d. luelualdya to stand or remain near, in proximity; said of more
than one subject: 1. pipélantan to stand by on both sides, 85, 9.

Iuvash, d. ltiluash fog, mist: 1. luyéga the fog goes up; 1. Valya, li’ tzi the fog
goes down; liashtka nt lti'tchipka through the fog I wander about, 157; 40.;
luli-uash shkttatk wrapped in, surrounded by fogs, 183; 17. Der. lia.

lvashptehi, d. liluashptchi gray, as foe; smoke-colored; said of beads,
e.g. Der. liash, -ptchi. Cf. ydhiaga.

lotelétush—luelkslia. 197

ltiatka, Vuatka, d. Wluatka, PuPtatka; same as léviiatka, q. v.

luatpishla, d. lualudtpishla fo weep at, to mourn over somebody’s death.
Besides the weeping (lila) and the loud or suppressed cries of lamentation
(stityishla, kiki) over a deceased relative or consort, this term also com-
prehends the rambles at night (shpdétu), the fast, the diving in cold waters
and the dreams seen in this excited condition, 87, 12. Cf. 83, 1-84, 3.

ludtpishlalsh, d. lualudtpishlalsh ery of a mourner ; weeping cry, death-
lament, 101, 5. Der. luatpishléla. Cf. Iflla.

ludshipa, lt’tchipa to take off from, to strip, to draw out: 1. nayensh nép-
shish to take off a ring from another's finger. Der. udshipa. Cf. shulshipa.

lidshna, d. lilidshna (1) to move about, to be wafted, to drift along, as
clouds, fog. (2) to wander, to stray out: i kélamtsank si’tk 1. ye wander
along as if ye had your eyes closed, 64,11. Cf. litchipka.

ludsd/sha, d. luludsho’sha, v. trans., to besmear, to line over ; to black shoes
or boots. Cf. tudso’sha.

luiela, d. ludlola (for luéluala) to kill, to slay, to put to death; said of more
than one object, or of many subjects killing one or several objects, or of
objects spoken of collectively, as fish, cattle ete. Lapgshaépta shi'Idshash
1. they killed seven soldiers, 37, 14.; tatakiash ka-i |. they murdered no children,
37,17. Said of one object: lielat hi’nksh hi't! kill ye him on the spot!
190; 15.; Skélam tapia gén Ivelat! kill ye Marten’s younger brother! 113,
20. 114, 2. In 186; 51. lueldla is used in an obscene sense, the term
purporting that the young woman had been debauched several times;
nad hatokt mii’shmtish |. we butchered an ox there, 21,2. LL. and its deriva-
tives are the standing terms used when a copious catch of fish is referred
to: 1. gfug (for luelatki gfug) kiii’m in order to catch fish, 28, 5.; 1. kapto
Ya-ag they catch kapto-suckers at the Bridge, 74, 1., ef. 75, 20. Cf. hesh-
ya'ki, hushtchéka, shiuga, shuénka.

luélkish, luélks, d. luelélkish (1) locality, place, where animals are killed
singly or in bulk: ludlks-kiii’m jish-catching place, fish-trap, 143, 1.; ef.
kiti/m-ludlks; p’liiiwash p’ti’stilsham m/’na luélks a spot where his deceased
father was habitually killing golden eagles, 100, 2. 3. Cf. 142, 2. and
Hishtish-Luclks. (2) object for killing, immolating, 88, 5.

luelkslia to make akilling-place for somebody ; 142, 2. Cf. kiii’m-tuelkslia.

198 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

lueldélish, pl. timi L, a habitual or professional killer, as of animals:

kii/m-l. fisherman. Der. liela.

luelétkish, abbr. luelti’tksh, d. luelolétkish substance, drug or article used
in killing or poisoning many animals: kiii’m-lueld’tksh a jfish-poisoning sub-
stance, 149, 21. 150, 3. Der. ltela. Cf. k’lekétkish.

lueludlya, d. of ludlza, 20, 16.; cf. tedlya.

luén, pl. timi 1, verdigris.

liepalsh, d. ludlupalsh (1) lightning. (2) thunderbolt, stroke of lightning,
179; 2. Der. lu- in liloks. Cf. lémé-ish.

lt’gsh, liksh, 1o’ks (for liagsh ete.), d. liluagsh, l6loaks (1) prisoner of
war; captive: gtki’kak liluags the captives ran away, 20, 12.; cf. 20, 10.
54,9. (2) slave of both sexes: the enslaving of women and children was
the real object of the annual raids performed by the Maklaks against the
Pit River Indians, 20, 17. 20. 88, 4. 93, 3.. “‘M6d’dokishash Idloaksh”
kshapa “the Modocs were bondsmen”, so they said, 35, 7.

lt’gshla, lf’ksla, d. liluagshla (1) to take prisoner, to take captive in war,
20, 1. 25, 2. 54, 9.: luluagslash (for Iiluagsla sha) they made captives of
them, 31, 6. (2) to make a slave of, to enslave, 1338, 9.: liluagsla tim
wéwanuish ndéndgan’s tehi’sh they made slaves of many women and children,
16, 8. 9.; lagsdlshtkak sa nanka some of them wanted to make a slave of
him, 24, 16. Cf@l7,-19, 20. 19, 2.16. 59, 10. Der: la/gsh:

luhdshktcha, ludshktcha, d. luluhdshktcha to start out, set out, to depart
in a wagon, carriage. Cf. guhudshktcha.

1171 to surpass in size, to be larger than; said of a rounded or bulky arti-
cle: li’k tchi’pshash Itizitko (this) seed is larger than the tchipash-seed,
146, 3. Der. vitizi. Cf. kshuizi, winizi.

luilamna, d. luliilamna; see tkélamna.

luiluish, d. luldiluish, loléloish gooseberry. This is the common, sweet,
wild gooseberry of these regions, black in its ripe state. The natives
prepare a sort of pies from the boiled fruit. Cf. kpo‘k.

liiluisham, d. luliiluisham, loléloisam wild gooseberry-bush, producing
the liiluish, q. v. In 75, 4. the bush is mentioned instead of the berry
gathered from it. The d. form is often used instead of the absolute.

luiluya, d. lultiluya to be sweet to the taste; lit. “to taste like the goose-

luelélish—likua. 199

berry”: partic. liiluyatko sweet, saccharine; of sweet, sweetish, agreeable
flavor or taste, 148, 7. 14. 20.

Luitsas, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake woman.

luiya, lui, d. lili (1) to give, transfer, bestow; said of one round article, or
of one lodge, house, table, ax, hatchet ete., or of many of them when
spoken of collectively: fwam liitki n’s to give me berries, 75, 10. (2) to
pay in one coin.—Speaking of many objects considered as separate: péwi,
shewdna. Der. tya. Cf. kshiya, néya, skaya.

luiyamna, d. léliamna (1) v. trans., fo hold in hand; said of one rounded,
globiform or bulky article, 154; 14. (2) v. intr., to ascend, go up, as a
spider in the web, 175; 15. and Note-—Speaking of more than one round
object or subject: pé-ukanka.

LuyAnsti, nom. pr. of a camping ground near Klamath Marsh; inter-
preted by ‘Inside the Circle”. Der. luyéna.

liyapka, to go astray, to wander about, as blind persons, 157; 40. Cf.
ladshna, litchipka.

luyéga, liyiga, d. luliéga (1) v. trans., to lift up, to pick or take up one
rounded or bulky object: kté-i |. to pick up a stone, 126, 1. (2) v. trans.,
to lift at one end; lit. “to begin lifting up.”—Speaking of more than one
object: pe-uyéga. (3) v. intr. to arise, ascend, go up; to drift upward ;
said of inan. things: ltash 1. the fog ascends, mounts ; slayaksak li’ yiga
only smoke was curling up, 100, 16. Cf. liwayéga, shuyéga, uyéga.

luyéna, d. luliéna to go in a circle imside of something, as of a wigwam:
luyanitki for luyi/nitko gi who goes around all the time, 184; 29. The
wording of this song seems incomplete, cf. Note. Cf. gati’tana.

lika, li‘ka, d. lilka to fetch, bring; round, bulky objects being referred to.

li/kanka, d. lfilikanka; see lékanka.

likantatka to be standing; see léviatka, tgtitga.

li’kslaksh, pl. timi 1. ashes; ashes of the funeral pile, 85, 11. Cf.
lakpeks, liloks.

li/ktcha, d. lulaktcha to start out to fetch, haul, bring: shiunks-pakish
nti‘sh lfi’ktchi! bring me a watermelon! Der. lika.

lukua, d. lilukua (1) to be tepid, lukewarm: Ampu |. the water is lukewarm.
(2) to be hot; to be at boiling heat. Cf. ldkuash.

200 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Likuashti, nom. pr. of the Hot Springs near Linkville, Lake County,
Oregon. The northeastern springs have a temperature of 190° F., and
the others are used for bathing. Partitive case of lékuash, q. v.

lik, lok, lok, d. Wak grizzly bear; a large kind of bear occurring only in
the Rocky Mountains and in the countries west of them: Ursus ameri-
canus var. horribilis; 147; 13; lt’kam wéash the grizzly bear's cub, 156;
36.; hi lo’k shitka ¢f he kills a grizzly bear, 90,19 This bear enjoys a
great popularity among these and other Indians, and is often mentioned
in the incantations: 156; 36. 157; 42. 46.158; 50. 176; 4. In the myths
he appears personified as Luk, | 20, 21., Likamtch, Shashapsh, Shashap-
amtch, q. v. Cf. Lék-Pshi’sh, and Note, p. 132, sect. II. Cf. kima’dsh.

likaga, li’kag, d. li’lyaga, li’Tkag cub of the grizzly bear. In one of the
mythic tales two of these play with two young antelopes and become
their victims, 120, 5-121, 11. Cf. shashdépka.

Likamtch, one of the names given to the personified grizzly bear in’

mythic stories: ‘Old Grizzly” or ‘Old She-Bear”, 118, 7. More fre-
quently called Shashapamtch, q. v. From 1t’k, dmtch.

Ivila, léla to die, to expire; said of one or more subjects. Tatataks a
wéas |. whenever a child has died, 82, 4.; shashamoks-lélatko who has
or have lost relatives by death, 82, 5.: p’gi'sh-lilatko bereaved of the mother.
Speaking of one subject: k’léka (3), q. v. Cf. léluidshish, -ltlsh.

lulalkish, d. lul’lalkish, subst., the act of going to sleep; said of more
than one person: at tti lulalkshe’mi gi now it is time to retire for the night.
Der. li’/lya. Cf. ski’lya, ski’Ipka.

lulalya, d. of li’lya, q. v.

Ii lamna (1) to wander about, to be lost while straying: shaizi’sh giluaga
lulamnéla the female shaizish-bird has lost its way home, 163; 16. (2) to
Jollow, pursue: liash ai nii’sh a lilamnapka fog drifted after me; fog fol-
lowed me from a distance, 158; 57.

li’/ldam, d. lulaldam winter, wintry season; lit. “season of fogs”, 35, 17.:
lt’ldam gfula the winter is over; iIksla 1. to preserve (food) for winter in
cachés ete., 146, 10.; 1. pashluk when they gather food for the wintry season,
148, 10.; atf ha’k 1. gi’t too long would that winter become, 105, 9. (2)

>

advy., in, during winter, 105, 8. Der. lia, -tamna.

Likuashti—lilyag. | 201

lildamalaksh, d. lulaldamaldksh winter-house, lodge for passing the
winter. These structures rest on a square, solid entablature of wooden
pillars and are closed on all sides with slabs or planks, the interstices being
filled with brushwood. A thick layer of mud is usually thrown on the
outside to prevent drafts of air. Some of these mud-houses are entered
by means of an outside and an inside ladder (ga-ulilkish, waki’sh)
while the others have a doorway on a level with the ground. A winter-
lodge has the appearance of a beehive and rises to a height of 12 to 15
feet. Der. lildemdlya. Cf. ldtchash, shttiltish.

Li‘ldam-Tchi'ks “ Winter Settlement” or “ Winter-Lodge”, nom. pr. of a
lodge-site on the Sprague River.

Li’ldatkish Interpreter, meaning Dave Hill, subchief of the Klamath
Lake Indians, and interpreter at the agency, 28, 13. See liitatkish.

lildemalya, luldimalya, d. llaldemdlya to erect a winter-lodge or mud-
house. Der. lai‘ldam.

li’ldish, d. lulaldish stirrup: 1. a papatk the stirrup is broken. Der. Vita.

1a’lhi, Wili, d. lulathi, 1W'li to take off, remove a round object: 1. népshish
flsh (for flhish) ndyensh to take a ring from ones Singer and place it on
another's finger. Cf. hilhi, flhi, ludshfpa.

luli, d. ldluli to rattle around; to handle roughly, to run against: tehaki
kayata 1. the young man runs against the kayata-lodge (when entering it),
183; 18. Cf. la-uldwa, lilula.

lulikanka, d. lolulikinka to rattle around Frequently, to handle roughly
more than once, 183; 18. Der. hihi.

lulina (1) to wander away, to go astray, 192; 5.: tutfzash nti 1. I am wander-
img about as a dreamer, 192; 6. (2) to grind, make fine, reduce to flour or
powder ; said of grain, roasted seeds etc. 74, 10.

lulinash, pl. timi 1, (1) grain, vegetable seed reduced to flour. (2) wokash-
seed pounded, ground lily-seed, 74, 10. Der. lulfna (2).

li’lya, d. lulalya (1). to go down, descend: lash 1. the Jog goes down. Ce.
Iitzi. (2) to go to sleep, to retire to one’s bed or couch: tchti sha la‘lalya
pé-ulank after the meal they went to sleep, 113, 11.; said of more than one
subject and used in the d. form only; speaking of one subject, ski‘lya.

Al rs 7 im ic
li’lyag, d. of likaga, q. v.

202 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY

luloks, Idlogsh, pl. ttimi 1. (1) fire; fire on fire-place, camp-fire, or any
combustion by fire: Wandkalam kaka’kli 1. the fire of Silver Fox was
yellow, 99, 3.; 1., the fire of the cremation pile, 85, 9. 10. 138, 7.; léloks
wigedta close to the camp-fire, 16, 13.; lilukshtka i the fire; viz. in the
hot coals or embers, 149, 6.; li’ltiksh shpitcht the fire having gone out, 85,
10.; hélalya lilukshtat to jamp through a fire; incantations of the fire,
154; 8. 166; 26. Cf kshéluya. (2) discharge of fire-arms. Cf. shii‘dsha.

liloksgish, ldlokskish, pl. timi |. gun, shot-gun, rifle, carbine, 21, 1.
74, 16.: lit. ‘‘fire-maker”: 1 téwi to fire off a gun, 38, 11.; mi’ni 1. piece of
artillery, cannon; luluksgii’-ishtka shli’tk shot with a rifle, 24, 8.; ef. Note;
léloksgisham d4nku wooden rifle-shaft. Der. liloks, gi (5). Cf. iwala.

la’lp (d. lilalp), pl. timi 1. eye, eyes, 110, 15.: 1. ma’sha to have sore eyes,
71, 8.; skétish 1 the left eye, 42, 8.; kdédkuatko 1. swollen eyes, 186; 54.;
kalkali 1. rounded eyes, 91, 5; p&pksham 1. knot in lumber board, 178; 7.,
ef. péko; luilpam léwash eyeball; lilpam yantanni lower eyelid; li'lpat to
the eyes, 91, 6.; cf. 71, 9.

Li’lpakat, nom. pr. of a camping place on Klamath Marsh, where white
chalk is found, and used for the manufacture of body-paint. Der. lipaks.

lilpalpalia to make eyes for somebody, 154; 11. Der. lilp, pélpela.

li’/lpaltko, d. lulalpaltko provided with eyes; having eyes: mikisham ni
1. I can see as sharp as the horned owl, 175; 14.; li’/Ipatka (for lilpaltko a)
seeing sharp, 122, 2. 15. and Note. Der. lt’Ipala.

li’lpatko, d. lulélpatko, formed by ekthlipsis from lt’lpaltko, q. v.

Lilpina, nom. pr. fem. K1., ‘The Sopper”. Der. hldpa.

-lilsh defunct, deceased; aterm used only as the final part of compound
words, often encl.: p’tish-lfilsh deceased father, 100, 2.; p’gi’sh-lilsh de-
ceased mother. Der. lila. Cf. léluidshish.

luluatka to stand; see tgttga.

luluksalks cremation-place; old Indian cemetery. Der lilukshla.

lulukshaltka to return from incremation, 89, 4. Der. lilukshla.

lulukshla to burn, to cremate; said of dead bodies only, 59, 5. 69, 2. 3.
89, 1.: 1. sha lfi’lokshtat they burn him on the funeral pile, 138, 7.; liluk-
shalshok mii‘lua they made preparations jor cremating (the dead children),
110, 22. Der. liloks.

luloks—lupiak. 203

Luilukuashti, nom. pr. of a little lukewarm spring in the volcanic
region of Yaneks; lit. ‘At the Warm Springs.” Der. lékuash.

luilula ¢o rattle, clatter, make noise, 112, 9.183; 16. Cf. la-uldwa, luli.

lululish, pl. ttimi 1. cramps, 179; 8.

lumalaks fog-maker, producer of fog; contr. from limalikish. This
faculty is attributed to the kdlsh- or kAlyalsh-bird in the incantations,
166; 22. 23. and Note. Der. limalya.

lumalya, limaléka to produce fog, to make fog or mist at will. Der. lia.

limkéka, lomkdéka, d. lulamkdéka to take a sweat- or steam bath in the
sweat-lodge, 91, 2. Mod. for spukli Kl. Der. Iva. Cf. limalya.

li’mkoksh, d. l@/lamkoksh family sweat-lodge; framed of bent willow
boughs and located near the water in close proximity to the Indian
lodge. Mod. for sptiklish K1., q. v.

lupaks, libaksh, d. lilpaks (1) chalk, white chalk: 1. as the color-shade of
the nush-tilansnéash-owl, 167; 32.; 1. shna-ul4mna fo spit chalk on or upon,
132, 7. (2) chalk, used as material for painting or lining the body, 181;
1.: 1. shdtuaya to paint one’s body or face with white chalk paint. This
paint is often put on in streaks or stripes, 22, 21. Of. shatchlydémia.

lupatkuéla, d. lulpatkudla to produce a scar, 56,1. This term forms
the final part of Scarface Charley’s Modoc name: Tchiktchikam-Lupat-
kuélatko, q. v., 55, 19. and refers to a scar produced by a round or
rounded article, as a wheel. Der. updta, -kuéla. Cf. upatia.

lupi, lapi’ (1) adv. loc., firstly, at the head of : |. guli’ they went in first, be-
fore the others, 120, 9.; lapi’ watch géna the horse marches at the head of
the file, 85, 4. (2) adv. temp., at first, for the first time: 1. séllual he (or
they) warred for the first time, 19, 6. 28, 1. (Titles); 1. g4tpampéli to return
home first, 20, 14.; na’sh shliwitk lo’k shitiga |. the grizzly bear was killed
at the first shot; lupi’tal sha eékampéle they return to the spot where they
stood at first, 87, 13. Cf. 38, 10. 20. 21.

lwpia, prep. and postp. (1) loc., in front of, before: sptiklish 1. in front of
the sweat-lodge, 82, 7. (2) temp., before, earlier than, sooner: pi'ktgish 1.
before daylight, prior to dawning, 24, 11.

lupiak, conj., sooner than, earlier than, before, 119, 2.: 1. mé-isht before
having dug, 118, 4. 6.; 1. nats giilyalgipka before we had terminated our de-
scent from the hill, 29, 18 (nats stands here for nat tchish). Der. lupf, ak.

204 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

lwpian, prep. and postp., on the east side of; see Kélamzéni Kdke.

lupini, d. lulpini, adj., (1) first; first in space and first in time: 1. kiii’m
e¢-u shniksh the jirst fish that I caught. (2) preceding, prior to.

luipit (1) subst., the east, as a point of the compass: lupitala (for lupft-tala)
eéna to go or travel eastward. (2) adv., eastward, towards the cast. (3) adv.,
Jrom the east. Cf. yamat, yéwat.

lupitalani, adj, belonging to, coming from eastern parts; brought from the
east. Kl. Der. lupit, -tala. Cf. lupitkni, tzalamtalakni.

lupftana, lupitan, d. lulpftana, (1) prep. and postp. loc., before, in front
of. (2) prep. and postp. temp., before, earlier than, sooner than. (3) adv.
temp.; lipiddna, Mod. for the first time, 18, 8. Der. lupt.

lupitkni, d. lulpitkni, adj., coming from the east ; eastern, native or inhab-
itant of eastern lands. Der. lupit. Cf. yémakni.

lupitni, d. lulpitni, adj., first in order; what comes first: 1. pe'tch foreleg.

luposhétkish, d. lulposhétkish fleshing-chisel to clean skins with before
dressing them. Cf. mbd-ush.

la’sh, lf’sh, d. lush, lf’losh, a dusky-colored goose-species. Der. lia.

lusha, d. lilsha éo lie, to le in, on or upon, to extend over; said of round or
cylinder-shaped articles: kiiflatat 1. lies upon the soil, 146, 1. 149, 1. 15.
18.; mina 1. Ambutat lies deep down in the waters, 147, 6.; yantch ktai-
yatat lusha the ydantch-root lies, grows upon rocks, 146, 2. Der. tisha.

lushantehna to scratch a hollow, den, rounded hole; mina 1. to scratch a
deep hole, 184, 7. Cf. Tushna.

lushgapéle, d. lulashgapéle to go and take off, to start out and take back
again; said of round things. Met. for luktchipéle. Der. liktcha, -péli.

li’shka, d. lulashka to become or to be warmed or heated up, as by running,
dancing: wt’sa ni liskuapkug Z am afraid I may get too warm, 70, 2.;
ktst’l 1. a@ shooting star rushes through the sky; a meteor explodes. Der.
lush-, in lushlishli. Cf. lishna. }

luishlush, d lélashlush, adv. of lushlishli: warmly; lishlush gi, or
lushlishki to feel warm.

lushluishli, d. lulashlishli warm; said of weather, articles of dress, tem-
perature of the animal body ete. Cf. lu- in likua, liloks.

lushlushlish, d. lulashlishlish warmth, warm temperature; of the ani-

mal body, of the weather, winds ete.

lipian—lttehlya. 205

lishna, d. luldshna ¢o roast, expose to Jire, as on the fire-place, 150, 7.

lita, Vita, d. Pulita, lilta; same as léviita, q. V.

litatka, lutatka, d. liltatka (1) to hold over somebody or something; said
of rounded, bulky, or globular things only. (2) to expound, repeat; to act
as the repeater of a wizard or conjurer; to assist a conjurer in his perform-
ances. (3) to interpret; to act as interpreter from one language into another,
33.498. 5. / Der. levita.

Iutatkish, d. liltatkish, l@/ldatkish (1) expounder, repeater of the conju-
rer’s songs, words, and acts during the treatment of patients; conjurer’s
assistant, 68, 7. 84, 2. (2) 1, more commonly lultatkish, ixterpreter from
one language into another; translator. (3) Liltatkish, used as nom. pr.
masc.; see Lii’/ldatkish.

lutéash dip-net with a handle, the dipping portion being circular. If
small-meshed, it is a 14-iks, if wider-meshed, a witsdlas. Der. lévitta.

lutila, d. lultila to be under, below, underneath, beneath; to stand, sit or lie
under, below: kapkatat stina’sh 1. to be inside of a brush-lodge. Der. utila.

lutish, luti’sh, pl. timi 1, rownd fruit; berry, small fruit, 145, 20.; root,
bulb, 147, 2.: muimanti tapdyti luti’sh, nom. pr. of a berry growing on a
certain shrub not specified: ‘“ Bigleaf-berry”. Der. lévitta. Of. o'tish.

litkish, litkish, la’tyesh, d. luldtkish jfish-hook: 10’tkeshtkan shuéwa
wattan I fished all day with the hook-line. Der. Wityi.

lutza, d. lulatza to take away, to wrench off; said of a round or bulky ob-
ject, 127, 5. Der. d'tya: Cf ldlhi.

lutzi, li’tki, dliltzi to descend, to be wafted downward, to come to the ground :
liash 1a’tki the fog descends, goes down. Der. lévita.

Lutuadmi, a word of the Pit River language meaning “lake”. (1) nom.
pr. given to several lakes, e. g. to Rhett or Modoc Lake. (2) L. ish, nom.
pr., Modoc Indian; tribal name given to Modocs by the Pit River Indians
from one of their residences, on Rhett Lake (ish is man in Pit River).

lutchipka, ltdshipka to go straying, to wander about, as a blind person
does, 157; 40. Cf. Iidshna, Ityapka.

lutchlya, d. luldtchlya to kneel down. Of. knikla, kni’klza, Idfglya.

206 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

M.

Initial m does not alternate with any other sound. Mb and mp repre-
sent the nasalized forms of b and p and alternate with them in a few terms.
ma, abbr. from mat, adverbial oral particle, q. v.
mdidna, d. mamédna sunflower; a species of Helianthus, probably lenticu-
laris. Mod.; unknown to Kl. Cf. matnésham.

mdahiash, mahiesh, d. maémhiash, mamhiesh (1) shadow; shade: shléa m.
Afshisham it saw Aishish’s shadow, 96, 2.; Béshtinash méahieshtat i/lya he
deposited the white people in the shade, 108, 4. (2) shed, shelter erected for
cattle, horses, haystacks etc.: mi’ni ndlam m. we have a spacious shed.

m4-i, maf, pl. timi m., (1) a tall and very common species of bulrush or
lacustrine grass serving for the manufacture of mats, baskets, for cover-
ing lodges; a portion of the stem is eaten raw when just sprouted up;
Scirpus validus, 148, 1-4. Western people commonly call it tule, from
Aztec tolin, 24, 5. The largest of these scirpus sometimes extend six feet
under and ten feet above the water’s surface. (2) generic term for the
larger species of bulrushes. (3) mat made of tule or bulrush.

maidiktak, pl. timi m., black-headed snow bird; a bird-species of spar-
row’s size, black head and neck, white bill; Junco oregonus Sel.

mayalsha, d. mdmialsha to collect, to gather tule-grass annually or habitu-
ally, 148, 1. Der. ma-i.

mayaltko, d. mamialtko overgrown with tule-grass, studded or filled with
bulrush. Der. mayala.

Mayaltko E-ush, nom. pr. of “ule Lake”, also called Modoc Lake
and Rhett Lake, extending from California into Oregon. Cf. Méatak.

Makash, nom. pr. masc. K1.; interpreted by “Snorer”.

ma’kash, d. mama’‘kash; see mtkash.

maklaktcha, d. mamaklaktcha to encamp at different places while on one
and the same trip, hunt or journey: hi’masht i tchi-uapk maklaktsuk
yainatat kankanktsuk tchdé-u thus you will live when camping out on the
heights and hunting the antelope; at gémpéle nat mak’liktstk, at ti‘nniiga,
and when the sun was setting we returned to encamp for the night, 30, 20.

makmakli, ma’kmakli, d. mamikmakli; same as mikmukli, q. v.

ma—maklaks. 207

makokap, d. makékishap, mamkokap elder and younger sisters’ son or
daughter ; said by aunt.

makpka, d. mamakpka to remain encamped for a while, or for days, while
on a trip, hunt or expedition.

maksha (1) large cup or bowl, made of tule grass, 122, 23. 123, 2.; it is
also used as: (2) skull-cap, worn by females. Der. ma-i.

maktdétkish, d. mamaktétkish mowing scythe. Cf. mulinétkish.

maktcha to camp out, to pass the night while on a trip or bunt.

maktchna, maktsina, d. mamaktchna to encamp, to pitch camp, to pass
the night while traveling a certain distance: lapéni m. sha A’shlin génug
they encamped twice when they went to Ashland; Awalues skéna, maktsina
Nid’shkshi they paddle over to the island and pitch their camp for the night at
Skull-Place, 74, 14.; ndanni maktchanuapk génug when traveling they will
camp out three days.

makuala, madkual, mdkuela, d. mamdkuala, mamdkuela to pass the night
in the wilds or mountains: mdkual, sta-dtank kaitua pat im the wilds he
stays out while starving and fasting, 83, 2.

makualksh, d. mamakualksh camping place in the wilds or mountains.

makualsha, d mamakualsha to go and stay, to go and camp in the wilds
or mountains, annually or habitually: makualshuapka i yainatat you will
pass the nights in the mountains.

maklakpéli, d mamaklakpéli to encamp again, to pitch camp, to pass the
night for a second or subsequent time, 20, 9.11. Der. mak’léza, -péli.

maklaks, mak’laks (d. mamaklaks), pl. timi m ; pronounced sometimes
mak’loks by Modoes; lit. ‘the encamped”. (1) body of Indians encamped ;
Indian community, people; Indian tribe, chieftaincy, band: Walamskni,
Walamswash m. the Rogue River tribe of Indians; Shasti m. the Shasti
Indian tribe. In the ‘Modoc war” m. often stands for Mo’dokni, the whole
Modoc tribe under Captain Jack: cf. 38, 8.18 21. and m. lakf the band
chief, 37, 17. for mAklaksim lak{, 34, 3. 38,10. Of. 29, 13. 38, 4. 43,
11-15. 58, 5. 143, 2-4. (2) generic term for Indian: Indian man or
woman, ‘‘redskin”, native of the American continent. Ketchkdne m. a young
Indian, 54, 1.; m. ptielhi’ they threw into (the lodge) bodies of Indians, 112,
21., cf. 113, 1.; kiuksim m. the men under the conjurer’s leadership, 37, 15.;

208 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tumi m. git’ gatpa many Indians arrived there; ndnuk m. wawapka the
whole tribe sat there, 33, 5.; tankni m. the former generations of Indians, 85,
6.; m. pan the Indians feed on it, 146, 15.; Mo’dokni m. a Modoc man or
woman: mak’laksam tchi’sh Indian settlement, Indian camping ground and
lodges; mak’laksim pash edible roots, tubers, bulbs and seeds, not eaten by
the whites, 91, 2. 145, 20.; maklaksksiksi the place where the Indians
encamped, 20, 10. 11. Cf. 36, 20. 65, 12. 68, 1. 69, 8. Quot. under ké-
kélam. (3) person, human being, individual: Béshtin m. American, white
person; m.-papi’sh alligator, caiman; lit. “man-eater”; m-shitko, 128, 10.;
see below. Der. mak’léza.

maklaksni Indians and their families; Indians and what belongs to them:
nanuktua m. tsdkatk dead Indians of every tribe and age, 130, 2. Cf. -ni.

maklaks-shitko (1) Indian-like. (2) resembling, alike to men or persons,
human-like; mesh. shlésh gi they have the appearance of human beings,
128, 10. (8) neighbor, fellow-man, 139, 12.

mak’léya, makléya, mak’léka, d. mamak’léza (1) to encamp, to settle down
in a temporary or permanent resting place: tstii m. wéwanuish then the
women went to their camping place, 28, 3. (2) to pass the night away from
home, to strike camp for the night; sa m. Wi'ksalks they encamped that
night at Wokash-Place, 19, 11.; at pshi’n mikléka and at night they camped
out, 54, 6.; mak’léyapksh ki'métat when they slept in a cave, 121, 20. Cf.
28, 7. 8. 38, 14. 119, 17. 20. Cf takélya.

malam, ma‘lim, poss. case of pron. pers. at, a, ye, you; it serves as a pron.
poss. of the second person plural: your, yours, of ye, belonging to ye. Cf.
34, 12. 14. 88, 22. 105, 5. 119, 17-20 —Malamtak belonging to yourselves.

malash, contr. ma‘Ish, abbr. Mod mia’l, mal, obj. case of a’t, a, pron. pers.
of second person plural, ye, you; to ye, to you. Cf. 39, 1-3. 65, 3. 122,
1.—Malashtak, ma‘Ishtak yourselves, to yourselves. See a’t, malim.

miamaktsu, a species of duck, black and white, length of body about
one foot. Incantation: 166; 27. Cf. mi/miakli.-

ma@msh, or mfi’msh, in mii’msh tumi! 17, 8.; see mti’ni.

ma‘’nk, mank, d. mamank (1) fly: m. hii’ma the fly is buzzing. (2) generic
term for any flying insect, 145, 16. Quot. under kshekitla.

mankaga, d. mamankaga little fly, 178; 4. Dim. ma‘nk.

maklaksni—ma’sha. 209

mantch, mantch, ma‘ns, d. mémantch, adv., (1) for some time, for a while ;
refers to the future as well as to the past, but to no definite length of
time: k4-i taté m. no longer, 88, 4.; tchawika m. he was insane for some
time, 128, 9.; ma’ns hi’k tchakdyank i-ii’ta he shot arrows for some time,
while posted in the bush, 23, 21. In 73, 6. ma‘ns stands for ma‘ntch-gitko,
q. v- (2) when the vowel a is pronounced very long, m. means for a long
time: spukli-udpka m. they will sweat for many hours, 82, 10; m. sheno-
tanka they fought a long time, 43, 8.; ké-i ma‘nsh i’pka not long can le,
148, 3. Cf. gahak, ma’ntch-gitko, nfa, tank.

mantchak, mantsag, d. maémantchak, adv., a long while; for some time;
refers to the past and to the future: tat&é méntsak mbusi’‘lan gi then he
lived with her for a good while, 77, 2.; tsti shpdka mantchak then he lay
quite a while on the ground, 110, 14.; 1. ushaktch (for m tehi) for such a
long time, 110, 18. From ma‘ntch, ak.

mantchak-gitko, d. mamantchak-gitko sumetime afterwards, 29, 13.

mantch-gitko, mantch-gitk (1) some time after; long after; lit. “long-
been”; refers only to the past or to what is supposed to be past: m.-gitk
Skélamtch guhashktcha after a while Old Marten set out, 110, 21.; ef. 73,
7. 105, 13. 119, 6. 121, 1. 12. 122, 14. 22.; m.-gitk tehe’k finally, at last,
112,15. (2) in former times, long ago, 93, 3. Der. ma‘ntch, gi.

mantchni, d mama/ntchni (1) foregoing, previous, early: m. Modokisham
kafla the old Modoc country (on Modoc Lake, Lost River etc.), 44, 10.
(2) ancestral, antique, belonging to the past: m. maklaks the former generations
of Indians; m. shtap an old-fashioned arrow-head, 134,17. Cf. tankni.

mish, pl. tumi m., a plant similar to wild parsnip; its stalk serves as
food, its root as medicine. Der. ma’sha.

masha, mAsha, ma’sa, d. mama’sha (1) v. intr., to taste; to taste like, to be
flavored like, 119, 15.: luiluyatk m. tt tastes sweet, 148, 14., cf. 146, 14.; ka-a
m. it tastes bitter, sour, tart; ka-& mashitko bitter; sour, tart; wti‘kash-shitk
mashetk tastes like pond-lily seed, 146, 6.; léhiash ki-i ma’shetk the léyash
tastes badly, i147, 21. (2) v. intr. and impers., to suffer from an acute or
painful disease; often confounded with shila, q. v.: kélpoksh m. to suffer
From a fever; ti’tak huk m. where he suffers, 73, 3., cf. 2.; m. n’sh I am sick,
138, 3. 4.; hii ndyiins hissuaksas ma’shitk kélak if some man suffers from

14

210 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

a relapse, 72, 1. and Note; mashetko, mashitko patient, diseased person ;
obj. mashipksh, abbr. ma’shish, 71, 5.; ki-i mashish gish shapa they say
that he is seriously sick, 140, 5; stefnash m. to endure mental suffering;
ma’sa nat stafnas we were sorry at heart, 24,17. Cf. yudlka, kélak, kdl-
poks (3). Quot. under hita, ké-itata, klap, nkash.
ma’shash, d. mama‘shash (1) taste, flavor. (2) disease, distemper, acute or
painful sickness: kélpoks m. fever ; lit. “hot disease”. Cf. klap. (3) sore.
mat, encl. oral particle, mostly inserted after the first word of the sentence:
‘allegedly, as alleged, as reported, so they say, as he, she said”, the Latin
dicitur, ferunt, aiunt; refers only to facts reported, not to words, speeches,
sentences, sayings etc. YAmnashptchi mat lt’loks Aishisham it is said,
that the fire of Aishish was purplish-blue, 99, 3.; hi’nk ké-i mat pi’sh sitkat
I did not kill him, as she alleges, 64, 5., cf. the nen in the foregoing sentence.
Mythic stories frequently begin with mat as the second word: 99, 2. 109,
12, TAD WS VCE also 70, 12.6, 74,03: 47107, 132140525 Te -Abbrainto
ma in: ma na? do we? did we? Mod. tua ma? what is it? htink ma sha
watchag shitiga it is said that they have killed a dog. Ct. mut, nen.
matnésham, d. mamatnésham poison oak: Rhus toxicodendron.
matchdAta, d. mamtchata to hearken, to listen attentively to somebody.
matchatka, d. mamtchatka (1) to listen to, pay attention to, 34, 11.: ma-
tchatei’sh listencrs, 84, 2. and Note. (2) to obey.
matchdawa, d. mamtchdwa fo listen to noises, clangs, words ete
mi/kmikli, d. mimakmikli, memii’kmiakli blue mixed or sprinkled with
white, bluish-gray; the color of many water-birds. Cf. mamaktsu, mii’-
mikli, mitcehmii’tehli.
mii’m mother; a child’s term, adopted from English mum. Mod.
miimikli, pl. ttmi m., generic term for all wild ducks and geese, 145,
6. 177; 21.: shlittuk mii’miikla (obj.) to hunt and kill waterfowl, 136, 1.
mitehmii’tehli, metsmeétsli, d. miimatchmii’tchli, mematsmétsli (1) blue,
sky-blue, 146, 8. 148, 12.: metsmets4wals (for m. shAwalsh) obsidian arrow-
head; the obsidian rock found in the Klamath Highlands being of a black
color with a very slight tinge of blue. (2) purple-colored, violet-colored.
miwizdtkish, mii’wizotksh little bow or casket which can be locked.

mbaka, d. mbémbka to break; same word as pika No. 3, q. v.

mashash—mbtkamnatko. 211

mbakla, d. mbémbakla (1) v. trans., ¢o break or crack something by let-
ting it fall, as bottles, tumblers. (2) v. intr., to break or crack by heat,
dryness, drought, exsiccation; to be parched up. Cf. mpakuala.

Mbakualshi, nom. pr. of a camping place or former lodge-site on Kla-
math Marsh; lit. “Top-Dried-Tree”. Der. mpakuala.

mbakuish broken fragment, as of tumblers, pottery. Der. mbaka.

mbatash, patash, d. mbambtash; see mpatash.

mbatizi, d. mbambtizi; same as mbuté’ze, q. v.

mbatchna, d.mbémbtchna fo jwinp while running or going. Cf. mbii'tlya.

mbaubawash “the howler”, a popular name given to the young silver
fox. Der. mbdéwa. Cf. wandka.

mba-ush, uba-tsh, ubii’-ish, pl. timi mb., dressed, tanned skin or hide;
tanned buckskin, as a material for making clothing: M6’dokni mb. shulo’-
tantko the Modocs were clad in buckskin, 90, 16.; vinim mb. tanned elk’s
skin, 90, 17.; pushdklash pani tsulish ubd-ush skin-shirt, toga-shirt; \aila-
lapsh-ubé-ush, or simply uba-ush, buckskin breeches ; ubd-ush piece of deer-
skin, 73, 1-6. Cf. kla’sh, ndshdédsh, ni‘l, tehélksh.

Mba-ush-Shnékash, nom. pr. of a mountain west of Upper Klamath
Lake. Lit. “‘Bosom-Burnt-Through”; the name is founded on a legend,
mb. being here the bosom-piece of an aboriginal buckskin dress.

mbad-uta, d. mbémbuta to shoot; to hurt, wound by shooting: wats mb. na-
ai/nam somebody's horse was shot by another man, 19, 8.

mbaéawa, d. mbambua (1) v. intr., to explode, burst, burst up; said of a
bomb-shell, 43, 2: mb. stefnash nii’dshnuk the heart burst when flying,
114, 4.; cf. 114, 5.6. 8. (2) v. trans. to cause to explode: mb. ski's to
break wind, 134, 7. (3) v. intr., to scream, screech: yaikal a mb. the white-
headed eagle is screaming; to howl; ef. mbaubiwash.

mbtitch, d. mbtii’mbitch (1) tendon, sinew, ligament. (2) the strong foot
ligament above the heel: tendo Achillis. (3) sinew or cord made of ten-
dons and used on bows and other implements.

mbika, d. mbi’mbuka, mbi’mbza, v. trans., (1) to break something hollow,
as bones, bottles ete. (2) to parch or make crumble by exsiccation or
drought. (3) subst., dust. Cf mbékla.

mbtkamnatko, d. mbumbékamnatko what bites the tongue; bitter, sharp,
acrid Der. mbtikamna.

BA KLAMATH —-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

mbttkash, d. mbt’mbyash earth crumbling into dust, disintegrated hy
parching heat or drought. Der. mbika.

mbt’shaksh, d. mba’mbshaksh (1) obsidian of a black or almost black
‘color, a volcanic rock found in the Klamath Highlands and serving for
the manufacture of arrow- and spear-heads, knives ete.: mb.-shawalsh, or
simply mb., arrow-head made of obsidian, 118, 16.; mb.=wati obsidian knife.
(2) implement manufactured from obsidian: stone-knife, skinning implement,
126,7. (3) Mbiisaks, nom. pr., an appellation given to the Snake Indians
by the Klamath Lake people, 143, 2. Cf. kokdéle, shawalsh.

Mbtshakshaltko, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man, signer of the
treaty of 1864, and mentioned there as ‘‘Poosaksult”; lit. “‘ Possessed of
obsidian-tools”. Der. mbi’shakshala.

Mbwshaksham-WaAash, nom. pr. of a locality on Williamson River;
identical with Mbfi’shaksh-Shawalsh. From mbii‘shaksh, wash.

Mbiwshak-Shiwashkni Jndians inhabiting the locality around Mbt’-
shaksh-Shawalsh; corruption from Mbi’shaksh-Shawalshkni: 141, 5.

Mbwt’shaksh-Shawalsh, nom. pr. of a locality at the junction of the
Williamson and Sprague Rivers, near the house of the Indian Ts¢lozins.
About 200 yards above this junction a small stream detaches itself from
Williamson River and joins Sprague River further below, so as to leave
a rocky island of the shape of an arrow-head. Gatpa tumi’ mdklaks Mb.
many (hostile) Indians came to “the Arrow-Head”, 16, 16.

mbttshanak, d. mbumbtshanak the early morning of next day.

mbutshant, Mod. mbushan, d. mbumbtshant, adv. (1), on the next morn-
mg: mb. géna pin next morning they marched again, 19, 11.; ef. 24, 11.
100, 14. 119, 1. (2) on the next day ; to-morrow: mb. undk to-morrow early,
118, 2.; also: one morning carly; mb. at tindk the next day early, 101, 11.;
mb. tchék to-morrow at last, 122, 1.; mb. waitélank n4-ent waitashtka tevo
days afterward, 66, 2.; mbii’shan pii’n géna next day they went again, 110,
8. (3) im the morning: gén mb. pil this morning only, 140, 7., K1.; mb

oD

in the morning, 144, 3.
mbushéala, mbushéla, d. mbumbshéala, mbimbshéla (1) to wed, marry,
espouse ; said of both sexes, 182; 6. 7. (2) to be married, to be in the mar-

ried state: mbusivlan gi, or mbushii‘lank he lived with her: they lived as

a5

mbtikash—méya. 2S

man and wife, 77, 2.; hti’k mbushéla kAlamkshi tak nf tank mak’léza the
man at whose house I stopped, is married; E-ukskishash mbushéaltk he
was the husband of a Klamath Lake woman, 30, 19.

mbushéalpéli, d. mbumbshéalpéli (1) to marry the same person again.
(2) to live again as man and wife, 60, 20. 77, 2. 78, 2. 11.

mbit’shni, d. mbfi’mbshni (1) to consort with, to cohabit, 90,7. (2) subst.,
consort; person living with another of the opposite sex, legitimately or not:
Sdstiam mb. the husband of a Shasti woman.

mbuté@ze, mbatizi, d. mbambuté’ye, mbambtizi (1) to jump, skip, leap over
something, as an obstruction: Titak a mb. himpoks Titak jumps over a log.
(2) to make jumps on level ground. Mod. for himputiayiéa Kl.

mbi’tlya, d. mbumbatlya to jump or leap down. Cf. mbatchna, mbute’ze.

méa; see méya.

médsha, medsha, d. mémdsha, memdsha (1) to remove, to move away from
the country or district, to emigrate, cf. 13, 4. (2) to remove with family,
relatives, 96, 18., or with the whole tribe: medshapka to remove distantly
from or unseen by the one speaking, 34, 4.

medshampéli, d. memdshampéli to migrate to the former place ; to return
with family to the former settlement. Der. médshna, -péli.

méhiash, méhiis, méyas, pl. timi m., frowt; generic term for all trout,
the most frequent there being Salmo wrideus, 180; 14.: méhiess pan to eat
trout, cf. 136, 6.; mehiashé’mi, contr. messii’mi, méssiim “77 the trout-catch-
ing time”, lasting from spring till autumn. Derived from méya to dig out,
as the term trout, Lat. tructa, Gr. rp@xrns is derived from te@yezy to
gnaw, dig, make holes.

mé-idsha, d. memi‘dsha to go to dig, to start out for digging edible roots:
sha mbi’shant géna mé-idshuk ki’sh next day they went out to dig wpo-roots,
118, 3. 6.119, 1. Der. méya.

mé-ish, d. mémish digging-ground for eatable roots, tubers and bulbs:
géna me-ishyéni he went to the digging-prairie, 96, 1.

méya, méa, d. memia to dig out, to extract from the soil with a tool; said
only of edible roots, tubers, bulbs etc., the names of these being often
subjoined; 109, 1.118, 6 7.: Amtatka sha m. they dig up with the camass-
stick, 147, 10.; simply m.,. 95, 23. 107, 6.; mé-ipks (for meyapkash)

214 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

galdsui he met them digging roots, 107, 5.; la’piak tua kii’sh mé-isht before
she had dug any ké'sh-bulbs, 118, 5.; mé-ishi while she had dug, 119, 2.
Speaking of more than one subject, Kl. uses méya and shtd-ila, Mod.
shté-ila only, q. v.

meydétkish, meyttkish, abbr. mé’yutch; Mod. me-titkish, d. memi-
titkish, Mod. memiutkish (ool, spade or stick for digging edible roots and
bulbs; camass-stick, camass-spade. Usually called Amda, q. v.

mékia, d. memcékia to be or become childish, doting; to be in one’s dotage:
m. hai’t kémutchtga he is doting on account of his old age.

mékish, d. memékish childish, doting person.

Mélaikshi, met. Lémaikshi, nom. pr. of Shasta Butte or Mount Shasta, a
volcanic cone in the northeastern parts of Sacramento Valley, California;
elevation 14,442 feet (Whitney). Td’-una Lémaikshina around Shasta
Butte, 40, 3. Der. m’laf. Cf. M’laiksfni Yaina.

ménik, mnik, d. mnimnak, adv. temp., very little; a very short lapse of
time: m. nti pa’dshit ktana I slept very little to-night.

mépka, d. mémapka to be encamped together, to inhabit the same locality, to
JSorm a community. Cf. méwa

mépoks, d. mémpoks body of people living at the same spot or belonging
together ; association, community, company: Va'p m. shildshash two military
companies, 29, 4. Der. mépka Cf. kimbaks.

mét’hli, d. memat’hli hole, aperture, crack, cleft; said e. g. of a key-hole.

métkalsh, d. mematkalsh (1) what is carried on back or shoulders: burden,
load, of hay, grass, e. g. (2) bundle, pack, package, parcel. Der. métk’la.

métk’la, métgla, d. mematk’la, mématgla to carry on one’s back or
shoulders, this being usually done with the strap on forehead: métklank
a ¢éna yutampksh he carries a heavy load on his back; partic. mii’tkaltko
load carried on back. Cf. shkatkéla.

met-tamsza, d. memat-tamsya to dig out, excavate in the vicinity of; to
excavate between two places, as between fences, lodges, houses ete.; to dig
among, in the midst of. Der. méya.

métehish, d mématchish hole, orifice, as of ear, nose. Der. méya. Cf.
gintyish, gintchzish, mét’hli.

metsmetsdwals obsidian arrow-head; a compound term formed by
the agglutination of miitchmii’tchli to shawalsh, q. v.

meyétkish—Médatak. 215

me-uttkish, d memiutkish, Mod. for meyétkish K1.

méwa, d. memt-ua, memtwa to mew, to miaul; kitti m. the cat is mewing.
Mod. Onomatop. Cf. hii’ma.

méwa, d. mé’miti, mému to pitch camp, to encamp away from the lodge or
house, on prairie ete. Cf. médsha.

mhishetko, d. mhimshetko oily; of oily appearance; said of faces, e. g.

mhwt, d. mht’mht (u short) grouse, 135, 3. Mod. for tm’ K1., q. v.

mi, mi, pron. poss. of second person sing., usually procl.: thy, thine; your,
yours; mi p’gi’shap thy, your mother; me wéash (for mi wéash) thy child,
mi snawedsh thy wife, 142, 7.; mitant latchashtat in thy lodge; mitak,
mitok just thine; thy own; mi tala thine alone.

midsho, d. mimdsho ladle, spoon, 138, 5.: tékiti midst horn spoon.

mish, mish, abbr. m’sh, m’s, procl. and encl. obj. case of the pers. pron. i,
thee, to thee; you, to you: ko-idshéwa mish nti gitpisht Zam glad that you
came; nti mish shawalyuapk I will revenge myself on you; spulhi-uapka
m’s ni I would imprison you, 58, 11. sqq.; tids taks mi’sh ni kuizé m’s ni
I know you perfectly well, 65, 10. Cf. i, ik.

mitash, midash, d. mimtash, mimdash leggings covering the leg below the
knee. Chin. J., from French mitasse; the Kl. term is shnashniksh, q. v.

m’lat, adv., steeply, abruptly, going straight up, sloping rapidly. Cf. p'laf.

M’laiksini Yaina, nom. pr of Mount Pitt, a high mountain of the
Cascade Range, of pyramidal shape, situated due west from the mouth
of the Williamson River. Der. m’laf. Cf. Mélaikshi.

m’na, mndlam, m’nalsh, K1; for p’na, p’ndlam, p’ndlsh Mod., see pi,
pna, p’ndlam.

mda, médat; see mua, mitat.

Méatak, Méatok, Mo’dok (1) nom. pr. of Modoc Lake, also called Tule
Lake (XJ. Tulik) and Rhett Lake; a large fresh-water basin surrounded
by volcanic formations, situated east of Little Klamath Lake and extend-
ing from California into Oregon, 20, 11. 21. 8.; also called Méatokni
E-ush. Cf. Lutudmi, Mayaltko E-ush. (2) nom. pr. of the district at
the southern shore of Modoc Lake (one of the ancient homes of the
Modoc tribe), and its surroundings; Mo’dokam kiifla Modoc land, the
Moatok district; kit’ kedsha M. the klu-root grows in the Modoc country,
147, 2.: cf. 18. Der. mtat Cf Kimbat (2), Kumbatuash

216 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Méatakish, Méatok-gish, Méadokish; see Mo‘dokish.

Méatni Kdéke, one of the names given to the Pit River, a large eastern
tributary of Sacramento River, draining the whole of Pit River Valley,
California. Its English name is derived from the pits or pit-falls dug
out by the natives for the trapping of deer and other game on its banks
and in the numerous side valleys. Cf. kéke (2).

Méatokni E-ush, nom. pr. of Modoc Lake, also called Rhett Lake and
Tule Lake. Cf. Méatak.

Méatuash, Muatwash; or M. madklaks, nom. pr., Pit River Indian; lit.
‘Southern Dweller”. Tribes of this family occupied the largest portion
of Pit River Valley, California, from Goose Lake down to Hat Creek.
Raids into their territory were made almost every year by the Klamath
Lake and Modoc Indians up to the time of the treaty of 1864; for ac-
counts of them, see pp. 19-27 and 54, 5-15. For various depredations and
other acts of violence committed upon American settlers a portion of these
Indians was severely punished by General Geo. Crook in 1867 and re-
moved to Round Valley reservation, west of the Sacramento River. Shlid
(nad) Méatuashash tchi’pksh (for tehipkash) we saw the Pit River Indians
encamped, 19, 15.; ef. 20, 1. 5. 8. 21. ete.; 185, 3. Moatuashyé’ni into or in
the Pit River country. Cf. kédke (2) and Notes on p. 25. Der. mtat, wa.

Méatuasham Kéke, one of the names of the Pit River, California,
135, 3.; lit. “River of the Southern Dwellers”. Cf. kéke (2).

Moatuashamkshini Kéke, nom. pr. of the Pit River; lit. ‘River of
the Southern Dwellers’ Country”.

Mo‘dokish, Méatok-gish, Méatakish, pl. timi M., nom. pr. (1) adj., be-
longing or having reference to the Modoc tribe, or to the Modoc country, or to
Modoc (Tule, Rhett) Lake; staying, living around Modoc Lake. (2) subst.,
Modoc Indian, Modoc man or woman: Méatokish nii‘sh shlin a Modoc war-
rior was shot in the head, 21, 18.; Moadoki’sh 28, 13. stands for Moadoki’-
shash. In the subj. case the usual form is Md‘dokni, q. v., and Méatokni.

Mo’dokni, Méatokni, M@’atokni, pl. timi M., nom. pr. (1) adj., relating,
belonging to the Modoc people or tribe: M. miklaks the Modoc people; when
speaking of themselves they generally say: maklaks “the” tribe; M.
miklaks shéllual the Modoc war; lit. “the Modoc Indians fought”, p.

Méatakish—mpaAta. PAUL

33 (title). (2) subst., Modoc man or woman: na‘sh M. one Modoc indi-
vidual of either sex, or one Modoc man; M., Méatokni all Modocs, 134, 19.
21. 135, 4.; té’m shash ngii’-isha Moatoki’shash (or Moatokgi’shash) they
wounded many Modocs, 21, 16, cf. 22. 1.; Méatokni ndnka s4-wantchna
some Modocs marched with us, 21, 9. The home of one part of the Mo-
docs was at the springs, Nushaltkéga, of Lost River, cf. 21, 4.; the
other two principal settlements of this tribe were on Modoc Lake, and
on Hot Creek, or Agdwesh, a rivulet running into Little Klamath Lake
One half of the Modoe tribe was removed to the northeastern portion of
the Indian Territory for having participated in the Modoc war of 1872-73;
a few families have remained on Hot Creek, others in the Lost River
Valley, while some 150 Modoes established themselves around Yaneks,
on the Sprague River, in May, 1870; cf. 36, 5-8. Their chiefs and head-
men are mentioned in 58, 5-7. Der. Méatok.

Mo’dok Point, nom. pr of a high and rocky promontory on the east side
of Upper Klamath Lake, 34, 19., called so because the Modoc tribe
lived there from Dec. 31, 1869, to April 26, 1870. Cf Notes to 34, 18.
19. 35, 5. This locality is one of the prominent landmarks of the coun-
try, is frequently referred to in Indian mythic folklore, and lies about
four miles south of the main settlements of the E-ukshikni near the outlet
of the Williamson River. The road from Fort Klamath to Linkville
passes at the base of the promontory. Cf Kiuti, Mayant, shuyake’kish.

Mékai, Moke, or M. maklaks Kalapuya Indian’ ot Willdmet Valley, Ore-
gon: Mékeash tidttyua A’-ukskni the Lake tribe whipped the Kalapuyas, 18, 2

mélash, pl. timi m., slime, phlegm; pus.

mpdékuala, mbakuala, d. mpampakuala to dry up on the top, as trees.
Der. paha. Cf. mbakla, mbii‘ka.

mpdéampaktish, mbdmbaktish, a species of small ducks. Incantations
NGA Seite 29:

mpdmptish, pl. ttimi mp. (1) one who strikes upon. (2) one who beats or
strikes through: tchikémen-mp. blacksmith. Der. mpata.

mpdta, d. mpdmpta (1) to strike, beat upon with a tool. (2) to strike into
something after going through another object; to pin fast to: gén ish tsu-
yii’sh mp. (télak) the arrow struck me after piercing this hat, 138, 2.

218 KLAMATH -—-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

mpatash, patash, pata, p. mpamptash, paptash, pipta miélt, spleen.

mpatkia, d mpdmpatkia to strike down into, to beat, hit wpon repeatedly :
sha sktikum-house mpAmpatkia tcehikéminatka they fastened the (under-
ground) jail with nails ; they nailed down the jail-cover, 66, 4. Der. mpata.

mpato, mpatt, pato, patd, d. mpamptti, papto (1) cheek; cheek-bone: paté
n shli’n I shot him in the cheek, 30, 16.; mpituam kiikgo cheek bones. (2)
gill of fish. Der. pat-, in patpatli.

mpétitchna, d. mpempatitchna to float, drift; to drift away: yana mp.
to drift down stream. Der. mpétchna.

mpétlazysh, d. mpémpetlagsh gizzard. Cf. lawdlash.

mpetlaléna, d. mpempatlaléna to floal down stream: dmputat mp. to float
down on the water's surface.

mpetludansha, d. mpempatludnsha to be afloat, to float: Amputat mp. to
be afloat in the water.

mpet?téga, mpetéga, d. mpempat’téga to sink down in water; to be
drowned. Der. dmpu. Cf. kttishna.

mpétchna, d. mpémpatchna, mpii’mpatchna to float, drift; to be drifted
away. Der. dmpu.

mpumpudadltka, pl. timi mp., to bubble up in water. Der. dmpu.

mputcehlaluish, d. mpumpatchldluish moustache.

m’shash, mshash, d. msamsash chipmunk, fence-mouse; species of squirrel
burrowing in the ground, 110, 2. Cf. washla.

mshashalteha, d. mshamshdshaltcha to start on a squirrel-hunt; msha-
shaltchatk (supply: gi) sha hank they were hunting squirrels, 110, 1.

1

i=]
i=]

fi, mu, mt’, d. mtima, mti’m, mim (1) adv. of mini: greatly, largely,
extensively ; much, very, a great deal. Usually proel., and placed before
adjectives, verbs, verbal adjectives and adverbs: mii tidshi nice, admirable ;
mii-lbika, see Ibika; mii tiii’ma to be very hungry; mt ktana to sleep long ;
mti kina i snows heavily, 75, 17.; mt né-ulya to punish in an exemplary
manner, 59, 5.; mut tchii’k nuti’sht when at last the fire blazed with might,
114, 1.; mt shtidsha to make a large camp-fire, 121, 20.; ma kinkétko wide,
opened widely; mi nkillitko very rapid, 94, 5.; mii’ ska slii’wi it blew very
cold, 31, 2.; miviak, 109, 13., see below; mii’m ktakdlitko a large, wide gash.

Cf. hipka. (2) adj., abbr. of mini: mit-lak{f head chief; principal chief:

mpatash—mukAlta. 219

mtta, mé’a, mda, d. miimua, v. impers., the south wind blows; it blows from
the south. Cf. mima.

mtak, mf’ak, adv., a little more, somewhat more; more intensely, 59, 11.:
m’na i’nakag mii‘ak t’shi’/sht (for the time when) his little son would have
grown a little taller, 109, 13. Der. mia, ak

mttash, mfi’ash, d. mumtash (1) south wind: mi‘ash shlé-wyuk when the
south wind blows, 94, 6.; mii’ashtka in the south wind, 156; 29. its incanta-
tion, 167; 29. (2) Muash, contr. Mi’sh, the mythic personification of the
South Wind: Mi’shamkshi to or at the dwelling of the South Wind,.111, 4. 7.
The decapitation of the South Wind by Old Marten is related in 111,
4-11. Der mtia. Cf. YAmash.

mtat, mi’at, d. mumuat (1) subst., the south, as a point of compass; kétsa
muatitala (abbr. muatita) shléwish southwest wind, lit. “a wind a little to
the south”. Cf. kitcha. (2) adv., m., mutatala or muatana southward:
mi’at gend’ga in order to go, or: when going south, 186; 53.; mia’‘atan nat
géna we marched south, 31,4. (3) adv., from the south. Cf. yamat, yéwat.

Mft’atak, Md’atokni; see Méatak, Mo’dokni.

mttatni, médatni, d. mumiatni, adj., coming from southern lands; belonging
to, or native of lands to the south. Der. miat. Cf. Méatni Kéke.

mtatch, 144, 9, for minish; see mini.

muti, d. mtimi woodchuck, a species of rodents belonging to the squirrel
family, genus Arctomys. Incantation: 154; 5. Cf. mfi-tie.

mttigidsha, d. mumigidsha to form eddy, to be eddying: 4mbu kéketat m.
the water is eddying in the river. Cf. niulgidsha.

muimttya, d. mumimuya to tremble, shiver; to be shaky like old people,
103, 12. Also pronounced muhimiya. Cf. nainaya, tishtusha.

Muyant, nom. pr. of a mountain near Modoe Point.

muyénash, mt’yiins, 60, 8., obj. case of muni, q. v.

mttka, d. mimka to menstruate. Cf. yulina, sttipui.

mtkaga, mikak, d. mt/mkaga, mitmkak little babe, suckling child, 140,
10.: mf’mkak gi’ulza undk the babies were born early in the morning; ef.
109, 13.; mukak k'lika the babe died, 78, 1. Dim. miiksh.

mukalta, d. mumkalta (1) to become wet; to be drenched all through:

partic. mukaltatko wetted, wet; said of cloth, clothing, e. g. KI. for pé-

220 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

gatko Mod. (2) v. impers., it 2s wet, damp weather: gén ilhdélash m. this
year the weather is wet. Cf. mika, shmikalta.

mtkamuk food, provisions, eatables. Term adopted from Chin. J. Cf. pash.

mukash, ma‘kash, mi’ksh, d. mi’mukash, mamdkash (1) down; downy,
soft, fine feather of birds, especially ducks: ma‘kash tchuy¢sh head-dress
made of pretty duck-skins. (2) plume, soft feather of animal or vegetable
origin; filaments composing veins of feather; plume of grass-stalk ete.:
katpasham muksh tail-feather of bird; eagle feather incantation, 163; 11.
(3) the finest, thinnest hair on the human head. (4) horned owl, a large
owl-species, clothed on the breast with the finest down, length of body
2 to 24 feet; Bubo subarcticus: m. hii’'ma the owl is hooting, 88, 6.192; 2.;
mukasham shnékash lichen, lit. ‘“‘owl-snot”; mik’sham ndpal owl's egg;
mit’kisham for mi’kasham, 175; 14. (the owl’s incantation).

mukmutkatko, d. mumakmtkatko provided, endowed with down, soft and
tiny feathers, plumes; downy; plumed; said of animals and plants, 148, 9.:
tchélash m. gi the plant-stalk forms a plume. Der. mikash.

mukmutkli, d. mumakmiukli (1) downy, soft to the touch, as cotton wad-
ding: m. shlapsh a downy blossom, 150; 3. (2) light-haired, fair-haired ;
m. lak blonde, auburn hair; lit. ‘hair of down color”. (3) of light cinnamon
complexion, like that of the Oregonian Indians: na’d maklaks mt’mak-
miikli we Indians are cinnamon-skinned, 103, 4. Cf. mttkash.

Mi’‘kmuksh “The Downy”, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake woman; having
once suffered of a sore head, cotton wads were applied to it, which look
like down (mukash). Cf. mukmukli (1).

mtksh, mit’ggs, d. mimoksh, mimoggs babe, baby, infant; suckling child.
Der. mika. KI. for shuéntch Mod.

mtkuaga, mikug, d. mimkuaga a species of forest- or field-mouse, dark
colored. Cf. kmtmutch, kii’dsa, mui.

mtkuash, d. mf/‘mkuash a grass-species of dark hue. Cf. kmi’.

mtkukaga, d. mimkukaga little forest mouse, 179; 10. Dim. mikuaga.

mt/lalaik a species of duck with large flat bill; perhaps the shoveler or
spoonbill duck, 180; 12.

miti-lbtika, mulbt’ka, d. mf-lbi’lbka (1) large turnip- or bulb-shaped
fruit growing on surface of ground: msl. gftk having a large turnip or bulb,
149,18 (2) round-shaped bunch of grass. From mi, Ibitka.

mtkamuk—mitluash. 221

mi’lgap, d. mi’lgishap, Mod. mumalgap (1) séster-an-law; brothers wife,
said by elder or younger brother; wife’s elder or younger sister, said by
husband. (2) brother-in-law; husband’s elder or younger brother, said by
wife; elder or younger sister's husband, said by sister.

mulina, d. mimlina to cut off, mow; kshin m. to cut the grass with a scythe,
to mow grass, to make hay. Cf. mii’shka.

mulinétkish, contr. mulinitch, d. mtimlindétkish scythe, mowing scythe.

mulinuish, d. mumlinuish stubble. Der. mulina.

mt’lk, d. mfi‘malk small insect, worm, maggot; a generic term comprising
the smaller and less conspicuous kinds of insects and worms crawling on
the ground or found in the earth, 145, 17.

mt’lkaga, d. mti'malkaga insect, worm, maggot of diminutive size, 71, 7.
145,17. Dim. milk.

mt’lka, mié’lya, d. mumalyza to be dense, thick; said of drifting fogs, smoke
ete.: shl4yaksh m. the smoke is very dense. Der. mi, lyan.

mi’lmulatko bog, quagmire, mud-puddle. Cf. mii’lu.

mulo’la (for muludla), d. mumalo’la to be entirely ready, to be fully pre-
pared, 41,19. Der. milua.

mi/lu, milo, d. mimalu rotten wood, 120, 9. 121, 17.; dust or atoms of
decayed wood-substance.

mtlua, d. mumdlua (1) to make oneself ready, to get ready, 29, 4. 31, 3.
95, 22. 110, 22.; to prepare oneself: m. sa lityi they got ready (for march-
ing) im the evening, 19, 13.; m. génuapkug he made ready to go. (2) to be
ready, prepared, 170; 60; mutluank nfi géna I am ready to go.

mt’luala, d. mumaluala to rot, to be rotten, to decay; said of wood, logs
ete.: partic. mi’lualtko rotten, decayed, putrescent; m. anku a rotten tree.
Der. milu. Cf. nddpa.

muludpéle, d. mumaludpéle to make oneself ready again, 20, 12. Der.
mulua, -péli.

mtluash, mié’luesh curing implement, magic help of the conjurer in his
treatment of the diseased. Articles serving for this purpose are bird-
feathers, scoops, otter-skin straps, rattles, rabbit- or fox-skins ete.: kfuksh
wan kiukiyank m. m’na the conjurer sticks out a fox-skin as his sign, 71, 2.;
kutchi‘ngshka hii’ mfi‘luesh hoofs of young deer are my curing-tools, 166;
21. Cf 167; 30. 32-34. Der. milua.

299 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

mumiénash, mumiii/nash, miménish; see muni

mii’msh, 17, 8; see mini (1).

mt’muatch both ears; said of persons and animals, Kl.; word existing
only in the distributive form: nd-igshtant, Mod. nagshtant m. on one ear
only. Of. kmiimutch, n4-igshtani, ndshéka, wawdkash, and Note to 177; 5.

miti’muma to hum, hum around, to buzz: mimumsh a m. the bumble-bee is
humming, buzzing. Onomatop.

mtmitimsh, d. mimamtmsh bumble-bee.

mttna, mina, muna, adv., deeply, at a depth, deep down, low down, 147, 6.;
ti’ m. or: mind tti down there in the bottom, deep down, 21, 15. 19. 22, 1.;
m. lushdntchna to scratch a deep round hole, 134, 7.; mundana deep down,
165; 10.; mundna tatamnish mole, viz. ‘traveler in the depth”, 179; 10.

munatalkni, adj. (1) staying deep down; coming from below. (2) Mtna-
talkni, nom. pr. of Munatdlkni, the genius of the underground regions.
From mina, -tala, -kni. Cf. Note to 173; 3. Cf. lémima, lémundkni.

mtini, mini, obj. muyénash, mityiins, minish, poss. muyénam; d. mu-
méni, obj. mumiii‘nash and miménish, poss. mumicénam; abbr. mt: (1)
adj., great in the physical, concrete sense of the word: large, bulky, big;
wide, extensive; long, tall, high: m. é-ush ocean, sea; m witi sword, lit.
‘long knife”; mii-ti-tini very large, of colossal dimensions ; mi'yiins pila
lakiash only to the head chief, 60, 8.; muatch (for minish) kpé'’l gi’tko
having a long tail, 144, 9.; lap miméni (shilshesh) the two larger sticks
(of four in the spélshna-game), 79, 2. 3.; muméni a kéla-ush the sand is
coarse; mti’msh (or ma’msh, ma’/msh) timi! (for mai’méni ii’tch timi!)
whether a large number (of enemies) or not! 17. 8.; watchag mii‘ménish
wawakash gitko fox-hound, viz. “long-eared dog”, Mod.; mtimeanti, mt-
manti, cf. Ivitish. (2) adult person, grown-up man: mins (for mi/nish)
li’gsla to make a slave of an adult man or person, 24, 16. (3) great in the
abstract sense: powerful, strong, superior, mighty; excellent; m. laki head-
chief, governor; im. laki the President of the United States, 36, 21.; mi’ni
likiam shtina’sh the President's house; or: the federal government, Mod.;
mii’yiins lakiash skti’kta to pay a fine to the headchief, 60, 8.

Mini Yaina, nom. pr. of a wooded mountain peak of the Cascade

Range, west of the Klamath agency buildings: “Big Mountain”.

mumiénash—mt-te. De

Miunish-Nkaskidga-Gitko, nom. pr. mase. The father of this
man, having signed the treaty of 1864, is mentioned in it as Dick
Mosenkasket: lit. ‘‘ Big-Belly-Having”.

mtink, (1) generic term comprehending mice and other smallest quadru-
peds, Mod. (2) mole, KI. 103, 6. 7.11. 104, 38. See under mina, mi-te.

mt’ntana drawers, underwear. Der. mina, -tana.

Mash, Mashamkshi; see mtiash.

mishka, d. mumashka to mow, to cut with the scythe: kshia’n m. to mow
grass. Mod. for mulina, K1.

mtshmush, Mod. vishmush, d. mimashmush (1) horned cattle, beef; ox,
steer, cow, calf, 21, 2. 182; 10. (2) white-tail deer; the smallest deer-
species in the Klamath Highlands, of brown color: Cervus macrotis.
From Ch. J. Onomatop. Cf. Note to 13, 13.

mutt, adv., as reported, as alleged; the oral particle mat with the infixed u,
hu, which points to elevation or distance, 190; 19.

*mutchaga, d.’mumtchaiga little old person; old man bent by age. Abbr.
from k’mutchaga. Dim. k’mitchish. Cf k’mutcha.

mi'tchenesh, d. mi’matchenesh large fish-net; the netting being fastened
to a hoop. Formerly in use on the Williamson River.

’mutchéwatko, 183; 18. a common abbreviation for kmutchéwatko,
kmutchéwitko, q. v.

mitehka to hate, detest, abhor: m. nt hin hishudtchkash I hate that man.

mutchutehuyapka, d. mumatchutchuydpka to smile. Cf. tehitchua.

mut-te, mo-édwe, d. mu-umti’e mole, species of the order of Insectivore,
throwing up mole-hills, 127, 1-8. Mod. for mi’nk Kl. Der. mu- (in
muna), wa Cf. mui, mundna tatamnish (under mtina).

ING

The sound » alternates with / only, and rather unfrequently; cf. ntcha-
ma/shka. Guttural and dental sounds, though in a limited number of
terms only, become nasalized into ng, nk, nk, ny; nd, nt; palatal sounds
into ndsh, ntch. Initial n-, followed by a vowel or diphthong, is in a num-
ber of terms a prefix descriptive of something thin, flat, pliant, sheet-like,
string- or rope-like, or pointing to a motion along the ground, or on the

224 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONALY.

horizon. Initial nu-, in a series of words, is a radix referring to some-

thing round, rounded, or bulky, heavy, moving in the air.

na, na; see nat.

na-a —. Terms commencing with na-a to be looked for under na-, na-,
excepting né-asht, nd-asht gi.

nd-asht, ndé-ash, na’st, na’sh, na’s, Mod. né-asht, né-ash; d. ndnasht,
nanash, Mod. nénasht, nénash thus, so, in this manner, in the same way;
agreeing with: n. sémtsalz so she discovered it to be, 64, 4.; cf. 103, 1.; na
na-ash hi’shkanka gén waftash ktétchuapka I think it will rain to-day.
When used with the verbs to speak, to tell etc., n. introduces the spoken
words in their literal form as uttered: ‘‘as follows”, or stands right after
them: tti’m hémkank n. he spoke at length as follows, 64, 8.; ef. 30, 4. 64,
4.5. 65, 10. 11. 70, 5-7. 103, 1. 142, 5 sqq.; m@/nk n. heméze the mole
‘ spoke thus, 103, 11.; ef. 104, 1.; sa sii’gsa n. they reported thus, 17, 12.; ef
23, 6.; n. shéshatk thus named, by the name of, 29, 1. 4. 5. 9; shepkédsha
ni mish nénash gisht I thank you for having said that, Mod.; nd-ashtak
so again, in this sense only, 64, 6. Cf. gd-asht, na-asht gi, tchi.

na-asht gi, na’shtgi, na’shtk, Mod. né-asht gi; d. ndnasht gi, Mod. né-
nasht gi (1) to agree with, to conform with, to comply with; lit. “to do so,
to act thus”: mt’ni lakiash shand-uli ni nedsht gi I desire to agree with
the great ruler (God), 40, 10. From néa-asht, gi (5). (2) to say so, to
speak thus, to speak in this manner ; the spoken words either preceding or
following: n. gi he said so, 95, 21., cf. 17, 8. 13. 65, 8. 95, 18.; n. giug
Jor saying so, 78, 5., cf. 65, 10.; hatchampélita Lemé-ish n. gfuta after
running home (this) Thunder reported thus, 112, 5. Abbr. into né-ashtg,
na‘shtk I, he, she, or they said, 100, 19.; gi after n. is omitted in 65, 10.
100, 17. From né-asht, gi (6), q. v. Cf. humdasht gi, tchi, wak.

na-ashtg, nashtk; see nd-asht of.

na-ant, 59, 3., for ndyent; see na‘dsh.

na‘d, nad, pron. pers., we; see na’t.

na’dsh, na’sh, na’s, nd-as, obj. na/dsh, na’sh, d. ndnadsh, ndnash (1)
num. adj., one; a single one: n. ké’sh one flake of snow; watch na‘sh
tkélamna a single horse stood on a hill, 30, 1.; na’sh sApash in one month,
93, 4.; na’sh waita im one day, 127, 9.; ef. 56, 7.; hii i na’s liliksaluapk

na—nadshkshaptani. 225

if you should cremate one (corpse), 59, 5.; na/sh kiflatoks tchpinualank
they bury on one graveyard only, 88, 1.; ndnash sz0'sztash several bunches
Ci 20 pale te 30, 2) 87 17. 88,. 7.99). 9, 10,1114, 58. 125, 4-8. (2)
other, another one; inflected differently from (1) in the oblique cases;
see nayensh. (3) somebody, some one; inflected like (2); see nayensh.
(4) next, following; see ndyensh.

nadsag, na/dsak; see na/dshak and nadshdshak.

nadshak, na/shak, nadsh ak (1) adj., only one, but one, a single one only,
95, 11.: n. kshii’n one blade of grass; n. shtmaluash one letter of the alpha-
bet; na‘shak kshé’sh sha wiuka they win only one counting stick at a time,
79, 5.; na‘dshek the only one, 66, \0. and Note; na‘dshek ’mutchéwatk only
one old man, 183; 13.; piitchd‘le na’shak he stepped down one step only,
112, 3. Cf. kishtchna. (2) adv., abbr. from nadsha/shak, Gav

na’dshash, adv. (1) at one place, on one spot, locality. (2) on or to another
place: n. shelludlshgishi on another battle-field, 56, 6.; un. shidshla he re-
moved (them) to another spot, 35, 19. Der. na‘dsh. Cf. nddnash.

nadsha’shak, abbr. na/dshak, na‘dsag, adv. (1) loc., together, in one spot,
88, 1., localtty or district; into one spot, place or locality: nu. nanuk tehta
they live or stay all together ; na‘dsag tchia to live together in one spot, 28,
14.; cf. 13, 2. 35, 1.; mii’lk n. wA the insects jly or stay together in one bevy
or swarm; na‘dsag i'tpa he gathered or collected into one district. (2) modal,
at once, simultaneously: n. hi shidshla he removed them at once, in one
batch; n. vudshaya to crack, split all through. (3) temp., at the same time,
simultaneously: n. tehitchtnishash windta they accompany in chorus the
conjurer while he treats (the patient), 71, 5. and Notes.

na’dshi, abbr. from the more frequent na‘dshiak, q. v.

nadshiak, abbr. na‘dshi, d. nana/dshiak, abbr. nana'dshi, adj., alone,
unique ; being alone, standing alone, 107, 5.: nu. hi’‘nk none but he, Pavan rea pa Oe
hii watch there is one horse only (Mod.); n. klalash, klAlesh one hailstone
only; n. shultish the only room in the house; n. pélpela to work alone;
na‘dsiak mi snawii'ds your monogamic wife, 60, 21.

nadshizatko, d. nandshiyatko having one eye open. Der. na‘dsh.

nadshkshaptani, abbr. nashgshdpta, d. nanadshkshdptani, abbr. na-
nashksdpta six; 43, 10. 44, 6.: nadshgshapta tatinep pé-ula Mo‘dokni
siateen Modocs, 44,1. Der. na/dsh, -kshapta.

15

226 KLAMATH —-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

nadshkshaptankni, d. nanadshkshaptankni sta times: n. té-unap (or
té-unip, tatinep) sixty; lit. “six times ten”; n. tatinep Yaémakni siaty
Warm Spring scouts, 43, 20.; ef. 43, 5.

na’dsyeks, d. ndnadszeks ninc; lit. “one left over”; nanadszeks lapensh
hihashudkshish nine to each two men. Kl. for skékish Mod.

nadsyekshtdnkni, d. nanadsyekshténkni nine times; K1.: n. té-uniip
(or té-unip, tatinep) nenety.

nadshpaksht, 96, 17.; see natspka.

ni-ends; same as ndyents, q. v.

naggdya, nakdya, d. nangéya, v. trans., to hang up, to suspend; said of
thin or sheet-like objects: tehtityesh n. to hang up a hat. Der. aggaya.

naggidsha, d. nanggi‘dsha, v. intr, to circle, to float, turn about in the air ;
said, e. g., of birds: tehuafsh ai nfi n. I the vulture am circling above,
170; 62. Der. aggfdsha. Cf. kshakédsha, kakidsha.

na’hlish, d. nandlish bowstring, 21, 10. 11.

na’hnfash, nanfas, a mythic dwarfish human creature leaving small foot-
prints like those of a little child behind him; is visible only to Indian
conjurers: 163; 13. and Note. .

na-i, pl. timi n., seed basket made of roots and having a diameter of
2 to 24 feet; women carry it on their backs when gathering tchipash
and other small seeds: naé-iti m’ndlam sha skAyamtch pash dAmbutch
i‘kugank they carried in their basket food and water, which they had placed
into it, 95, 15.

néi-igshtani, Mod. ndgshtani, abbr. na‘gsta, adj., half parted, halved,
half: vn. kttshkuish one half cut off; one half of ; n. Béshtin of half white
blood and the other half either Indian or other race; lap té-uniip pé-ula
ndgshta twelve and a half; na‘dsh tala pén né-igsta, K1.; nddsh tala (pin)
ndgsta, Mod., one dollar and a half; nagshtdni ii’pulsh half an apple; na-
igshtala shepdtya to sever, break off at one end; cf. kttishkuish; ma‘sha
ni na’gshtant mttmtiatch, Kl], Z suffer pain in one ear; see mii’muatch,
ndshéka. Der. na-i in ndyents, na-itzéni, nafnaya.

nafnaya, vy. intr, to totter, tremble, as an animal stunned by a blow; to
shake, shiver when chilled by frost or winds, 156; 27. Lit. “to sway to

and fro laterally”. Cf. muimtya.
Mf y

nadshkshapténkni—nakantkni. 227

naishlikgish, d. naishlashlikgish (1) species of beetle with large
fangs, brown-colored and found in rocks. (2) fang of beetle; horn of
the horned toad or horned frog; naishlashlakgish-gitko horned toad, horned
Frog, Mod.: Phrynosoma (platyrrhinum?), 91, 9. Cf. shlakatétkish (2).

naitaltélshna ?o stretch or extend on one side, sideways: naitaltélshnank
hushd’dshna to ride sideways, women fashion. Der. na-i (base), taltali.

na-itzéni at one extremity or side: yekualdéla d4nku n. to break a stick at
one end. Cf. gétyéni, under gét. /

nadyanta, ndyant; oblique case of nayensh, q. v.

nayensh, ndyéns; also nddsh, na’sh, nas; obj. naydénash, nayents, na-
ends, poss. nayénam, na-ii’nam, d. nanf-ensh (1) another one ; other, another :
nd-ends nii’sh shlin Méatokish another man, a Modoc, was shot in the head,
21, 18., cf. ndyéns, 22, 11.; tchaki a hii’shtya ndyents one boy scares an-
other ; ktiwalyat na-éntch tchkash! lift ye wp another man besides (me)! 22,
15., cf. 18.; ha’doks i nd-iint snawii’dshash sheto’lakuapk but if you cohabit
with another wife, 59, 3.; hai nayiins hissudksas ma’shitk kilak when another
man (than the conjurer) has relapsed into the same disease, 72, 1. and Note;
na’shtoks but the other one, 23, 19. cf. 24, 8.; nd-ens to another, 20, 18.;
nash tcha’shish another skunk, 127, 10.; ndyanta wa’shtat hilhe he ran
into another hole, 127, 7.; nayanta kifla elsewhere. Cf. 112, 5. 10 125,
4-8. (2) somebody, some one, the Lat. quidam: hia i né-iinds sitélakuapk
if you should sleep with some man, 60, 1.; nash hishuaksh some married man,
61, 9. (3) next, following, subsequent: nayantka shdppesh next month;
na-iintka sk0’shtka the next spring season, 21, 1. Cf. 66, 2.

nak, onomatopoetic imitation of the cry or muttering sound of the beaver;
ki’ nak &n gi’ (for: ki’ nak, nen gi’), 185; 43. and Note. The ki’ standing
first is the particle ke, Mod. kie, q. v.

naka, d. ndnaka cinnamon bear; also called red bear, yellow, brown and
black bear, the color of his fur changing with the season: Ursus ameri-
canus, var. cinnamomeus. This bear is a variety of the witii’m, not a dif-
ferent species, though the Indians distinguish closely between the two.

nakant for nanukant; see nanuk.

nakdantkni, adj. coming from everywhere; belonging to all surrounding
places, countries: nénukash-ndkantkni maklaks gatpa all tribes of Indians
have come. Contr from ndnukantkni.

228 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ndkia, d. ndnikia ¢o patch, to mend; said of garments ete. Cf. lakia.

nakish, ndggish, d. na’nkish (1) patch for mending. (2) sole of foot.

nakosh, ndktish, d. nankosh, nanggosh dam made of felled or fallen trees ;
river-obstruction, fish-trap. The mythic dam destroyed by the loon upon
K’mttkamtch’s order was a lumber-dam similar to a beaver-dam and
fastened upon rocks projecting from the river bottom, 132, 1—-8.: n.
gii/tant to the other side or end of the dam, 132, 4.; nakétk (for nakotka)
on account of its dam, 143, 1.; ptimam n. beaver dam. Der. nadkua. Cf.
Akuash, otilks, paplish.

Nakdésksiks, nom. pr. of a fishing-place in the Sprague River, near its
junction with the Williamson River: ‘At the Pile-Dam”.

nakua, d. nanikua to build a dam, to dam up the water. Der. dlua.

nakushkshakshni, adj., living near a lumber-dam; inhabitant of the
place where the dam is, 132, 3. Der. ndkosh

nakushzy@nkni, d. nankushyé’nkni, 132, 6; same as nakushkshakshni.

nal, nal, Mod., abbr. from nalash, na‘Ish, pron. pers.; see nat.

nalam, na/lam, pron. poss., our, ours, of us, belonging to us; the poss. case
of nat, we, q. v.: n. p’gi’shap ow mother, 120, 3.; n. hishuaksh our
common husband, 95, 10.—Nalamtak, na‘lamtoks of ourselves, our own;
ndilamtoks mdklaks our own people, tribe; nalamtak kiitla owr own country.

nanashgish, pl. timi n. butcher. Der. nashki.

nani‘lash, a species of little bird, ascending high in the air, 177; 24.
Der. néna.

nanka, ndnga, d. ndnanka some, a few, 64, 1.; a part, portion, section of;
something, 22, 7. 23, 3. 7. 24, 17.; n. toks but the others, 95, 11.; n. Tdlu-
agsla some became prisoners of war; n. tchika some perish, fade away, 148,
22.; n. viimi’ some they buried, 85, 17.; nanka.... ndanka, or nanka....
nanyatoks some—some, some—some others, one part—the other part, 17, 14.
15. 20, 16. 28, 10. 44, 9. 10.

nanyatch, contr. either (1) from ndnka tchish some also, 16, 7., or (2)
from ndnka tchuti then some, or (3) from nanka sha some they.

nAnui as soon as; immediately after: n shyolydtak as soon as he laid him-
self down, 118, 12. and Note.

nanuya to make everything ready; to put in readiness, said of inan. objects,
30, 14. Der. ndnui. Cf. milua.

ie
bs

nakia—nanuktua. 229

ndanuk, obj. anim. nanukénash and ndnuk, obj. inan. ndénuk; locat. ndnu-
kanta, contr. nikanta, ndkant (1) all, every; every one, everything: na‘d n. all
of us, 66, 16.; n. makliks all people, all men, 85, 13. 134, 7; all the tribes,
54, 18.; n. every person, man, 22, 20. 85, 12. 99, 7.; iyak n. sas he won
everything from them, 99, 8.; n. shégsha to explain everything, 95, 20.; n..
nadsha’shak shuina all sing in a chorus; n. tud, ndnuktua everything, q. v.;
n. pshin every night, ef nishta; n. ni tids shli’popka shash I could distin-
guish every one of their number, 22, 14.; nanuki (for n gi) all are, 91, 8.;
nanukénash lalikiash all the chiefs, 56, 2. (2) whole, entire, in its totality,
the whole of: n. shuldta to put on the whole dress, all garments ; n. shtildtish
the whole garb, dress, 95, 7.; pushish n. mshaish pan the cat ate up the whole
squirrel; n. shéllualsh the entire war, 44, 11.; n. the whole of his body,
95, 13.; of her body, 119, 10.; kiiflandkant (for ndnukant) all over the
land, 64, 16.; over, through this whole country, 157; 40.

nanukash, ady., everywhere, in every part, all over, ‘throughout, 168; 43.
173; 6.: teht’leks n. k’lekapkash i’dshya they laid the flesh all over the
body of the deceased, 85, 8.; n.-kiifla everywhere, 148, 11.; all over the world,
96, 23.; n. shli’sh ki J can see all over, into every corner, 22.17. Quoted
under fta, q. v. Cf. na’dshash, ndénash.

nainukash-kiailakni, (1) adj, coming from, belonging to every land.
(2) subst., persons, natives from all parts; kaé-i taté li'luagsla n. the sur-
rounding tribes never made slaves, 17, 20. Der. ndnukash, kiifla.

nanukashkni, nanukashni, also nanukash-ki’sh (1) settled everywhere ;
inhabiting all parts of the country, coming from every part: W-ukskni pi'la
la‘luagsla nénukash-ki’sas gii/nta kiflatat only the Lake People enslaved all
the Indians settled within this country, 17,21. (2) general, universal: nanu-
kashni kifla the universe.

nanuktua, nanuk tua, obj. nanuktudlash (1) all different kinds of, every
kind of articles, 71, 7. 87, 4.: n. shayuaksh knowing everything, smart,
intelligent; timi n. ginhiéna house furniture, Mod.; n. shunuishaltko rich,
wealthy; n. kiii’m every species of fish, 130, 1. Like tud and kaftua, n.
applies also to persons and to things personified: nanuktudlash sha
shtuli’dsha they enjoined to every article, to every object, 120, 21.; mi
s4-amoks n. your relations of all degrees, 142, 15. Cf. 145, 1-9. (2)

230 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

everything, all things; all objects indiscriminately; nanuktuanta im regard
to all things, 59, 19.; nanuktudnta pépuadshnish spendthrift, too lavish
person; n. ké-ii palluapk you shall steal nothing whatever, 58, 13. 14.; ef. 16.

Nénuktua Shayuaksh, nom. pr. fem. Mod.; see nanuktua (1).

ndpal, d. ndnpal egg, 185; 45.: n. hashpapka to hatch eggs.

ndpénapsh, d. natndpénapsh temple-bone, temple.

nas, a kind of tue or bulrush, used in manufacturing arrows

nash, na’shkshapta; see na‘dsh, nat; nadshkshaptani.

nAshki, na‘shge, d. nandshgi (1) fo skin, flay: nashgitta while skinning.
(2) to butcher, slaughter; to cut up. Cf. ndnashgish.

nashkititna, nashgititna, d. nanashgiitna to skin, flay with, by means of,
as with a knife or other instrument, 126, 8. Der. nashki.

nashkutla, d. nanashkila to skin, flay, to remove the skin. Der. nashki.

nasni, 142, 5. sqq.; contr. from naé-asht ni.

nashtk, na’shtg; contr. from né-asht gi. Cf. nd-asht gi.

nat, na’t, nat, nat, nad, na‘d, ndd; apoc. Mod. na, na’; obj. ndlash, na’Ish,
natch, na’sh, Mod. na‘l; poss. ndlam, q. v., loc. na‘lamtant: pron. pers. of
first person plural, we; ws, to us, for us: ka-i nat kaktant (for: kakta nat)
we did not sleep, 31, 8. 9.; nats shlii’pka Sha’t the Snake Indians perceived
or noticed us, 29, 7.; na’sh for na‘lash, 20, 9.; na‘ts shli& Méatuash the
Pit River Indians saw us, 21, 14.; shapfya na’tch they notified us, 23, 5.;
at na gatpa we arrived there, 33, 5. Cf. 31, 9-13, 103, 4. 120, 1-8, 121,
10. 22. 122, 7. 8. 192; 3.

nata, ndta, d nana’ta, a species of small black duck. Incantation, 167; 31.

ndtak, ndtoks (for na’t tak, na’t toks); obj. nalashtak, na‘lshtak: (1) with
emphatic signification: just we, none but we; often marks syntactic con-
trast. (2) pron. refl., ourselves: na’tak hishlan we had shot one (or more)
of our own party, 24, 4.; natakinki we for ourselves. Cf. itak, ntttak.

natkalga, d nandtkalga to blaze up. Der. mitta.

natkolua; see nttkolua.

nadts, natch, na‘tch; contr. for na’lash; see nat.

natsagiula, d. nantsagiula to melt off at the bottom of cooking utensils.
Der. natchéka. Cf. nyuta, nyutdgia.

natchdka, natsdga, d. nantchdka, v. intr., to melt, dissolve by fire heat.

Néanuktua Shayuaksh—ndanash. Dol

natspka, nddshpka to be burnt up, to be consumed by fire, to be charred:
n. tchulii‘ks the body was consumed, 89, 4.; Aishish pdksh ke-uldlapka
nddshpaksht Aishish pushed the tobacco-pipe further (into the fire), until i
was all burnt up, 96, 17. Der. nita.

natikash, contr. no‘ksh, d. nanatikash throat: n. laktcha to cut somebody’s
throat; nti ktakta gé-u n. I cut my own throat.

N4-uki, nom. pr. of Butte Creek Lake, a water basin of the Modoc High-
lands, in California, about forty miles from Upper Klamath Lake.

natknauksaksh gullet of quadrupeds: n. slakdga the gullet hangs down.
Der. natikash.

nawal, d. ndnual (1) v. intr., to lie, be lying upon; said of thin or sheet-
like articles: pipa tébullat n papers are lying on the table. (2) v. intr., to
be fastened on or upon. (3) v. trans., to put or place at the top of, to fasten
at the upper end of. Cf. néwal.

nawalash, contr. nawalsh, d nanudlash, ndnualsh (1) joint, articulation
of body: pétcham nawalsh instep of foot. (2) n. or népam n. wrist of hand,
wrist-joint. Cf kapkapo. (3) whip reed, thin whip-stick; a small rod in-
serted into the top of the Western whip-stick or vutukétkish.

nii/nsak in vain, to no avail; to no purpose: nii‘nsak toks i nen sakamka in
vain you attempt to deny or to controvert it, 65, 9. K1.; ef. huna’shak.

nda-itia, ndaftia, ndaé-iti, d. ndandi‘ti, ndandé-iti, v. impers. (1) to feel
cold, to be cold on limbs: nd. an’s my hands and feet are cold; ndandi'ti
na'lsh our hands and feet are cold. (2) to be benumbed by cold, as in a
foot, finger, to have a limb frozen. Cf. katka.

nddka, d ndantya to pound, pound fine, mash with a flat piece or board of
wood. Cf. gama (to mash with a stone), ndika.

nddkal, ntdggal, d. ndantkal to find by chance; to pick or gather up fortui-
tously, 184, 13. Speaking of more than one object, itkal. Cf. Idtkala.

ndakalkdanka, d. ndandkalkanka to find accidentally while going, to pick
up while walking, 126, 4. Der. ndakal.

nddikalpata, ntakalpata, d. nda‘ntkalpata to be in violent agitation, to form
surf; said of water: A4mpdé, ¢-ush nd. the water, the lake is surfy. Cf. nduka.

ndan, d. nddndan, abbr. form of ndani (1), q. v.

nddinash, d. ndéndanash, adv., (1) at three places. (2) ma third place or

232 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

location: at MO’dokni nd.-pelpeltampka then the Modocs commenced to work
in a third place, 35,20. Der. ndani. Cf. lApash, na/dshash, nanukash.

ndanii/yala, ndanéala, d. ndandanii’yala to have triplets; to bear three
children at once. Der. nddni. Cf. lapeala, péyala, we’kala

ndani/yalsh ¢riplets, three children born at one birth.

nddandaksgsni the three stars in Orion’s belt. Der. ndaéni.

nddni, nddnni, abbr. ndén; d. nddndani, abbr. ndéndan: (1) numeral adj.,
three: nddna shéktatyatko one third; ndanné’ntch wéwanshish (for ndan-
nénash wewanuishash) to three (of his) wives, 96, 9.; ndinni waftash three
days. (2) adv. (not in the abbr. form ndan), thrice, three times; 59, 16.;
nd. té-uniip, ndanni t4-unep thirty; ndénnitaks ni taméno'tka three times I
have been there, 25, 1., cf. 2.; nd. wafta for.or after three days, lit. ‘three
times a day has elapsed”; nd. tinshna stmdé-gitlank waita Wednesday ;
nd. illéla, Kl. illoléla after three years. (3) adv., nd., (not: ndén) during,
for or after three days; waita being omitted. Cf. maktchna.

ndankshaptani, abbr. ndanksapta, d. ndandankshaptani, adj., eight: nd.
makliks wawapka eight Indians sat there, 42,1. Der. ndani, -kshapta.

ndankshaptdnkni, d. ndandakshaptaénkni, numeral adv., eaght times:
nd. ta-unep eighty; lit. “ eight times ten”.

ndéga, ndéka, d. ndendéga, Mod. ndéntga (1) v. intr., to explode, burst,
burst up. (2) v. trans., to crush; to pound, thresh. Cf. mbiwa, ndaka, téga.

ndékani, d. ndéndgani; same as ndshékani, q. v.

ndéksktsa, d. ndéndaksktsa; same as ntikshktcha, q. v.

ndékta, d. ndendakta to stain, dot with, to make stains or dots, to dot over.

ndéktish, d. ndendaktish dot, stain.

ndéktana, d. ndendéktana to stain over and over, to make dots all along:
partic., ndezatanatko stained over, studded with marks etc. Cf. ndékta.

ndéna, d. ndénda (1) to cry or scream aloud, to halloo; to halloo at some-
body to come, 68, 3. 71, 1. (2) to talk indistinctly ; to prattle, as children.
(3) to speak in public ; to deliver a speech, discourse ; to preach.

Ndéndinish, nom. pr. mase. KL: ‘“Prattler” ; name given in early youth.

N dé@s, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man; interpreted by “Swimmer” (?).

ndétchgi, ndétchki, d. ndenddtchki, Mod. for ndétchka K1., q. v.

ndétchka, d. ndendatchka (1) to feel shame, to be ashamed, to blush: nd.
nti J am ashamed. (2) to be timid, bashful. Kl. for ndétehgi Mod.

ndani/yala—ndépa. 233

ndétchkish shame, feeling of shame, blushing.

nde-ukuéla, d. ndendukuéla, ndindukuéla to fall downhill ; to roll down
the hill; to flow down. Speaking of more than one subject, wetkudla.
Der. ndéwa (2), -kuéla.

nde-ukuélapéli, d. ndendukuélapéli to roll downhill again, to fall down
an eminence previously ascended, 23, 10.

ndé-uli, ndi’-uli, d. ndendé-oli, ndindiuli to fall down; to slide or rush
downwards, to roll down. Speaking of two or more subjects, wetéli: tsti
weto'li lali’shtat then they rushed down the slope, 21, 15.

nde-ulina, ndi-ulina, d. ndindé-ulina to fall or roll down a small distance.
Der. ndéwa (2). Cf. ndé-utzi.

ndé-ulya, ndi-tlya, d. ndendé-ulya, ndinde-tléka (1) to fall from an
upright position; to fall while standing or going, 23, 19.: ndiuldksht ni’sh
after I have fallen; or: when I am killed in battle, 40, 5. nde-ulyApkash
laktcha when he had fallen, they cut his throat, 42, 10. (2) to let oneself
Jall or tumble down, 30,13. (3) to roll down, downhill. Der. ndéwa (2)

ndé-ushka, ndi’-ushka, d. ndi/‘ndushka to fall down by becoming detached ;
to get loose, to break off, 118, 10.

ndé-utzi, ndi’-utzi, d. ndindutzi to fall down from a height, tree, rock ete.

ndéwa, ndiwa, d. ndéndua, ndindua (1) to fall into the water: kt4-in. the
stone fell into the water; ni ({mputat) ndiwa I let myself fall into the water.
(2) to fall down, roll or topple over. Cf. géwa, hiiwa, tinua.

ndéwa to scream, vociferate; to laugh loudly, 192; 7. Cf. ndéna.

ndéwakshka, ndi/wakska, d. ndinduakska to come near Salling into the
water ; to roll almost into the water. Der. ndéwa (1).

ndéwanka, ndi’wanka, d. ndendéwanka, ndinduanka to fall down from
a sitting position ; to topple over, 23, 1. 30, 16. Der. ndéwa (2).

ndilash, ndi‘lsh, pl. timi nd., species of gudgeon not unlike in size to the
sardine. The ndilsh-catching season (ndilsi/mi) lasts throughout’ the
warmer months of the year. Der. tila (1).

ndi-ush, pl. tumi n., kangaroo rat; probably Jaculus hudsonius. Mod.
Cf. gi’wash, ndéwa.

ndo‘kalsh, pl. timi n. foam, froth of water. Cf. ndakalpata.

ndépa, ndtpa, d. ndi’/ntpa (1) v. intr. fo be rotten, musty, decomposed,

234 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

said of fruits ete.; to stagnate, said of liquids; to become putrescent: ndt-
patko fetid, stinking, rotten. (2) v. intr., to curdle; said of milk: ndipatko
édshash serum of milk; also swill milk. (8) v. trans., to smell, to perceive by
the sense of smell, 134, 10. Cf. mi‘luala, nttiptpa, tipesh.

ndtiyua fo strike each other, to fight, to mflict blows. Der. ndika.

ndtika, d. ndti/ntka to strike by hand or with a weapon; to strike, hit with
the bill, when speaking of birds: luepalsh a hink nd. latchash lightning
struck the house. Cf. ndtikish.

ndikish, abbr. ndt’ks, d. nduintkish (1) pzgeon-hawk, American merlin,
popularly called in Oregon: sparrow-hawk, king-hawk: Falco columbarius
L., 180; 4. This bird strikes his game on the breast. (2) pestle, 180;
20.—Cf. ski’. Der. ndtka.

ndunddétatuash, a popular name of the silver fox or wan, and of the
young silver fox, wandka, q. v.

ndtpash, d. ndi’ntpash putrid smell, rottenness, “rotten stink”: nd. pilui
to emit a rotten smell. Der. nddpa.

ndi’pka, d. ndi’ndupka to beat; to assault, attack with blows. Der. nduka.

ndtpualya, nd@hi’pualya, d. ndti’ndapualya to bubble up in hot water.
Der. ndépa. Cf. kmultzaga.

nduptla, d. nduntptila to be in commotion; said of waters: ¢-ush nd. the
lake has waves without wind. Lit. “to cease stagnating”. Der. nddpa.

ndsdkia, d. ndsdénsakia (1) to stop up, close an opening. (2) to be choked
through swallowing something obnoxious or too bulky. Cf. yétszaka.

Ndsdkiaks, nom. pr. of a Modoc headman, who signed the treaty of
1864 and is mentioned in it as Chuckeiox; ‘‘Almost-Choked”. Der. ndsadkia.

ndsdkish hole, opening, orifice, chink, slit. Der. ndsadkia.

ndsh&ama-a, Mod. ndshamd-a, d. ndshandshama-a to look on, to be a
spectator: ninuktua n. to look at everything.

ndsha pka, nshapka, d. ndshinshapka (1) to pound, to pound fine, to mash,
as grains in a mortar: szitka n. to pound with a pestle. (2) to mash, break ;
to dash to pieces, to break forcibly: nshapkuapka nti wékamua I shall smash
the tumbler to pieces. Ct. yadshapka

ndshashlina, d. ndshandshashlina to brush down; to wipe down from.

ndshashldéla, d. ndshandshashldla to brush off; to wipe, to wipe off:

ndtiiyua—ndshishlya. 235

ndshédsh, ndsédsh, ndshi’tch, tsédsh, tchétch, d. ndshéndshadsh, tsén-
tsatch, tchétchatch: (1) generic term for shell, hard cover: ndpalam n. egg-
shell; hard fruit-shell, as of walnut, filbert ete.; seed-receptacle, pod. (2)
outside bark of tree or shrub, synonymous with kné-udshe: ndshiétchatka
knt’ks a sha shtshata from (willow) bark they make strings, 82, 11. 12.
(3) snake skin, when on body and before being shed. Cf. skinshgdkuish.
(4) mythic cetacean, fabulous ‘“whalefish” said to exist in Western rivers.
K’mitkamtch made it as large “as a house”, put it into Lost River, and
if anybody has the misfortune of seeing it, he will die. Fossil bones of
it are said to exist on Lost River, and the name is evidently derived from
some kind of petrifactions.

ndshékani, tchékani, tsékéni, loc. ntchekéyant, d. ndshéndshkani,
tchétchkani: (1) adj., smadl-sized, small, little, petty; fine, tiny, exiguous, 148,
12. 13.: tehékan’é a kél4-ush this sand is fine; tehékéni kiii’m small fish;
ntchékayant kshi‘nat on small grasses, 148, 5.; ndnuktua nshendshkane
everything that is small-sized, 71, 7.; cf. 149, 12.; ndshékansh (shilshesh)
shlin at the slender (game-sticks) they guess, 79, 3.; cf. 2. (2) subst. and
adj., child, offspring; the young of certain animals, as quadrupeds, birds;
young and small: ndshenshkani the young (cranes), 122, 11.13. Of. kitch-
kAni, ntchalka, -tkani, tehaki.

ndshélza to understand, comprehend: k&-i a nti n. I do not understand.

ndshiétch, 82, 11.; other form of ndshé‘dsh, q. v.

ndshilo, d. ndshindshalo (1) female of certain animals: n. watchiga
bitch. (2) n. orn. watch mare. Cf. gtlu, ndshékani, t’shin.

ndshiluaga, d. ndshindshaluaga (1) young or small female of certain
animals; ndsiluag watsag young bitch. (2) n. or n. watch young mare,
mare colt. Dim. ndshilo. Cf. gtluaga.

ndshindshishkanka, d. ndshfmdshandshishkanka to drizzle down in
atoms: ktédshash n. a drizzling rain comes down. Kl. for tehiptchima Mod.
Der. tchi- in ndshishlya, tchi¢éga, tehishkfdsha. Cf. limlima.

ndshiptchpa, d. ndshindshaptchpa (1) to be irritated, to wax wroth. (2)
to be petulant, to show oneself reckless.

ndshishlya, d. ndshindshashlya (1) v. intr., to drip down, to ome down
im small drops. (2) subst., drop: n. Amputi a drop of water.

236 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ndshi'teh, d. ndshindshatch; same as ndshé’dsh, q. v.

ndshéka, ntchi’ka, d. ndshti’ndsya, ntchi’ntchka (1) v. impers., to be
deaf: n. mish you are deaf; ndshoké nish né-igstant ma’shok I cannot hear
with one ear, being sick. (2) v. trans., not to understand: n. a nid Sdstiam
wiltoks we do not understand the Shasti language. Cf. ndshélya.

ndshokélatko, ndshukilatko, d. ndshondshydélatko curled, curly: n. lak
curly hair. Cf. tehftaksh.

né, 105, 4.; abbr. from nen, q. v., like ma from mat.

né-asht; néasht gi, Mod. for né-asht; né-asht gt, K1., q. v.

nédsya, nii’dsya, nii’dska to lay on the top of, to apply over; said of flat,
thin articles, sheets etc. 73, 4.

neinéya, 174; 8. same as nfnia, q. v.

née,
gone, who has left, 119, 17. 19.: ti’m né’gsh p’gi’sha mélam tehit’'leks

née, n¢ék, nii’g, obj. négsh, pl. né’gsha, nii’gsha absent, gone; who has

shéwana they gave much meat to your absent mother, 119,17; wak giug
nii’g ti’m haktch shépesh shushata? ewhy did the absent mother-coyote make
too many moons? 105, 7.; tam i nii’gsh shfwaksh shliia? did you see the
girl who is absent from home? 140, 9. Cf. kitinag.

néya, néa, né-i, d. néni (1) to give, to tender, hand over; as cloth, paper,
sheet, rope, thread, and speaking of one article only: néat ish knit‘ks!
give ye a thread or string to me! né-i ish (contr. né-ish) hi’n téntish! give
me that rope! see: i-eshkétkish. (2) to pay in one greenback, note or check.
—Speaking of many objects given or paid out, shewéna — Cf. luya, trya.

nékla, nfkla, d. nenikla, ninakla (1) to lay down, deposit, place upon or on
the top of; said of objects of a flat, even, sheet-like, or thready, string-
like shape: Shi’kamtch spd’kua m’na tehi’ksh, miksha néklank Old Crane
parted his legs, placing a skull-cap upon one of them, 122, 23. (2) n. or
partic. néklatko, nfklatko, numeral classifier placed after numbers from
10 to 19, 21 to 29, 71 to 79 ete, I lay down, he, she deposits wpon; laid
down, viz “counted”. Der. fkla. Cf. nélya.

nelina, d.nenlina (1) to skin, flay. (2) to scalp: ké-itat sa nelli’nat they
never were in the habit of scalping, 19, 3.; tsti neli‘na nti then I scalped
him, 30, 17.; neli/nulank having terminated the scalping act, 30, 20.; shana-
uli nelinash they were willing to scalp (him), 42, 15. 43, 21. Der. ni’l.

nélka, d. nené’lka; see ni‘lka.

ndshi’tch—nép. 2a

nélktcha, d. nendlktcha to leave, leave behind, relinquish; refers to thin,
tissue- and thread-like articles only. Der. dlktcha. Cf. lélktcha. :

nélka, nélya, nélya, d. nendlka, nenalya, v. intr., to burn, to be burnt up,
to be reduced to ashes, as houses, trees. Cf. shné-ilaks, shnéka, shnélya.

nélya, d. nendlya to lay down, to deposit on the ground or elsewhere:
n. m’na tehtiyesh he laid down his hat, 112, 18. Der. élya. Cf. nékla.

nen, nén, abbr. né, encl. oral particle used sometimes adverbially, some-
times as a conjunction; usually the second word in the sentence, it alludes
to the words, speech, or conversation of others, as to the contents only,
not to the words themseives. Cf. mat. To be translated by: “as re-
ported, as alleged, as they say, as you say; I say so”: kanftan nen kani’g
(for kani gi)? who is outside? viz: who says that he is outside? tat’ né
gémpka? where did she go? viz: where did she say she would go, 105, 4.;
Aténen gakdyoluapka, nen sa skuyokoyo’la wewdnishash; né-asht nen
wiltka now, as they say among themselves, they are going to leave the woods,
they will send the women away from there, 23, 5. 6.; tud& nti mish nen sha-
ptyish haméne I want to tell you something, 40, 7.; tud nen? what is it you
say? i-unénak yan’wan i as they say, you may be suffering (for nen ak),
183; 12.; nen shapa they say so, 140, 5.; ef. 64, 4. 11. 120, 7. 122, 21.
Nen also refers to other sounds than those of the human voice; the
tsisyiyi-bird says about its own voice: ni ai nen nt shui’sh gi I sing my
own song; viz: my twittering is my song, 170; 59.: cf. nénu.

néna (1) v. trans., fo bring or carry something thin or string-like. (2) v.
intr., to move, beat, flap the wings while walking on the ground, as birds do
when starting to fly up, 158; 49. KI. for shne’dsha Mod. Der. éna. Cf.
Iéna, nainaya, ninia.

Nénatchkish, nom. pr. fem.; interpreted by ‘“Sunken-Eyes”.

nénea, 174; 8. same as ninia, q. v.

nendélzish, d. of né-ulaksh, q_v.

nénu, ni/nu as I hear from the distance; as heard from afar or from above,
189; 3; na/nu wika-shitko mikash hii’ma an owl is screeching up there,
and seemingly close by, as I hear, 192; 2. From nen, hi.

nent’, words of the conjurer manipulating on the patient, 157; 38.;
connected with néna, q. v.

nép, né’p, nip, d, nénap (1) back of hand. Cf. népéli, takak. (2) hand,

238 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

148, 3.: n. shntika to shake hands, to clasp hands, with double obj. case,
87, 10.; ef. hishnya, shdtashi; ma‘lim néptat on your hands, 40, 17.;
nepatka tkuya to straighten by hand, 91, 5. Sometimes n. means forearm
with hand; ef. gi’nkaksh, lyaw4wash, nawdlash, shuldpshkish. (3) claw,
paw: tehiksam n. shnawdkitko wearing a necklace of bird-claws.

nepdga, d. nenpdga (1) little hand, 91,9. (2) little claw, paw. Dim. nép.

népaksh, népoks, nii’poks disease, sickness, epidemy; lit. “what comes
through the air”. The occurrence of diseases, their being wafted through
the air, their discovery by animals sent out after them, their removal by
suction or other manipulations are among the most constant subjects of
the shamanic songs: 153; 5. 4. 155; 17. 21. 156; 28. 35. 157; 45. 162; 1.
167; 28. 168; 43. Der. née’pka, q. v.

népéli, d. nendpéli (1) v. trans., to turn over, to invert. (2) subst., a spe-
cies of rodents with a large inverted foot; gopher. Of. néya.

népesh, d. nénpesh glove; mitten. Der. nép.

née’ pka, népka, nii’pka, verb used of flat, thin, pliant, even of invisible,
aériform, or imaginary objects, of appearances. (1) v. trans., to bring,
fetch, haul: né'pki tin yéshkiitch! bring this sheet (or rag)! (2) v. trans. and
intr., to bring on; to occur, to come on, to happen; said of facts or changes
occurring without the (direct) co-operation of man, like accidere, rvy-
xavev: k6é-i nii’pka there were hard times, 192; 1. It is most frequently
used of diseases, epidemics: giitkaks g¢-u n. my small-pow has come, 166;
24, ef. 166; 27. 168; 39. 47. 169; 48.; shilalsh nii’pka ndlsh disease has
invaded us; silalsh ni’bakuapk disease will come on, 70, 5.; nii‘pka to bring
sickness, 168; 39. or to have brought it, 170; 64. 67. N_ applies particu-
larly to the infectious diseases the germs of which are wafted through the
air; but it is also used of other diseases, even of hunger. N. is also often
used of the changes of weather: tidsh, kt-i n. the weather is fine, bad;
tidsh a népakuapka the weather is clearing up; k6-i ak ya né’pakuapka I
expect bad weather, a storm; paha népkank the weather is dry. (3) v. intr.,
to look like, to appear as; said of landscapes ete : wAkaptch hi/tksh E-ukshi
n. how Klamath Marsh appears when seen from here, 192; 4. Cf fpka.

népni, d. nepnini, adv., on or about the hand or hands: nepni’ni nguldshé-
tan I struck him upon the hand in several places, 23, 18. Cf. nép, -ni.

as “~

nepiga—ne-ulakiéga. 239

népshish finger-ring: n. shulshi’pa to take off a ring from one’s own finger.
Der. nép. Cf. ludshipa, népesh.

neshkdétkish, néshkotch, d. nenashkétkish fleshing implement, dressing-
knife made of bone. “Der. ndshki.

néta, d.ncnéta, nénta (1) to fix or paste on; to put on; word accompany-
ing the manipulations of the conjurer: 157; 38. (2) to add, to adjoin: pén
nash n., pén la’p nén’ta adding one, adding two. Der. néya. Cf. fta.

nétatka, nia’tatka, d. néntatka to hold over, to stretch out over; said of thin
articles only: p’lafta sktitash n. he stretches a blanket over it, 73, 4.

netila, d. nentila (1) v. trans., to put under, to place below, to lay down
underneath. (2) v. intr., to lie below: mish tchaggdgatat netilapkash you,
when you lay under the serviceberry-bush, 186; 51. Cf. i-utila, lutfla.

nétna, d. néntna; same as néta, q. v.: nti netanudpka I am going to put
more on; I shall add to it.

nétnak, nii’tnag, nétnaksh then; after this, hereupon, in the future: ti’dshok
n. git k’mi’tchatk after having grown, so as to be old people, 103, 10.; at
untsii’g nii’tnag pd-uapk ti’m mbi’shant then, as to the future, ye shall eat
plenty to-morrow, 70, 4. From nétna, ak; lit. ‘adding only this”.

netndélyish, nitno'lyish (1) government of an Indian tribe; government,
administration of a county, state, country: netno’lyisham latchash council
chamber ; council lodge. (2) legislature. Der. né-ulza

nétu, d.néntu to have the practice, to be used to: n. an lédshish stéginsh I
have the practice of knitting stockings.

né-ukish (1) confluence, junction of running waters. (2) Né-ukish, nom.
pr. of a locality in Sprague River Valley: ‘‘Stream-Junction”. Der. néwa.

ne-uzadlpéli, ni-uzalpéli, d. nenuzalpéli to order repeatedly, to order or
summon several times: ne-uzalp'lish gintak lakiam although we had been re-
peatedly summoned by the chief, 21,6. Met. for ne-ulyApéli. Der. né-ulza.

né-ulakgish, contr. né-ulaksh, d. nénulakgish cowncil meeting, general
council: n. stina’sh council-house, council-lodge, Mod.; ne-wlékshgishi (Mod.,
for ne-ulakshkshi, ne-ulakshksiksi Kl.) Kéketat upon the (customary)
council-ground on Lost River, 33, 2.

ne-uldkgishla, d.nenuldkgishla to erect a communal lodge, council-house.

ne-ulakiéga, d. nenulakiéga to commence to order, resolve or administer ;
to begin to legislate, 103, 6. Der. né-ulya.

240 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

né-ulaksh, nii’-ulaks, d. nénulaksh, nendlyish (1) legal practice, legal
custom, unwritten or written law, 60, 5.: yakii’wa n. she broke the law, 61, 7.,
ef. 58, 14.; nii/-ulaks K’mukdmtsam a law of Kmukamtch, viz.: an ancient
popular custom, 65, 11. (2) judgment, decree, resolution, edict; rule, sway ;
stands for the biblical term kingdom in 139, 7. (3) message; order, behest.
(4) abbr. from né-ulakgish, q. v. Der. né-ulya.

né-ulakta, d. nénulakta (1) éo resolve, conclude, to make wp one’s mind, 72,
1. (2) to treat, handle, deal with. (3) to chastise, punish; to treat badly,
95, 20.; corresponds somewhat to the Latin: animadvertere in ¢. accus.;
p. 64 (title). (4) to plot against, to make plans, form a complot; to proceed
secretly or insidiously against, 96, 19. 100, 1. Der. né-ulza.

ne-ulaktampka, d. nenulaktémpka (1) to punish, chastise somebody
who is absent, 121, 5. (2) to plot against such.

né-ulinsh, a black bird living on trees; wings red underneath, 180; 7.

né-ulya, ni-tlza, né-uléka, d. nent’lya, niindlza (1) to resolve, decree, con-
clude; to take a vote, to command, to order, to ordain: un. hink geé’n this one
resolved, 94, 3., ef. 142, 11.; at makloks n. then the tribe took a vote, 40, 1.;
tehi laki nii/-ulya so the chief orders, 59, 23.; kaftua k6-i ne-ulkuapktiga
to give no outrageous, wicked orders, 39, 15. (2) to arrange, manage, to pro-
ceed in the matter ; to bring on, to cause, procure: ké-i n. to act wickedly, 35,
6.; ké-idsha n. to do mischief; lit. ‘to cause mischief to be done”, 192; 8.;
piplishash gi’tki gfug n. he caused a dam to come into existence, 94, 5.; né-
ilyig for taking action, 104, 3.; hii i hak né-ulaktak (for né-ulya tak) if
you will arrange things in this manner, 41, 14. (3) to try m court, to try in
the capacity of a judge: laldki nii’-ulya the chiefs tried in cowrt, 78, 6. 9.
15. Cf. 59, 1. 61, 138.18. (4) to punish; said of a chief, judge or other
person in authority: 59, 3-6. 9-12. 62, 1.; mt’ n. to punish hard, 59, 5.

ne-ulyia, d. nenulyfa (1) to decree, order, command in the interest of some-
body, to rule in favor of. (2) to make a compact, to promise mutually, to arrange
with, 38, 8.10. In 36, 14. ne-ulkfash must be taken in a passive sense,
as shown by the poss. case likiam: (knowing) that three times fraudulent
compacts had been made by the government (ef. Note). Der. né-ulza.

né-ush, d. nénushi (1) field, tilled ground, cultivated land (2) land adapted
lo agricultural pursuits. Der. néwa. Cf. kiiila-shtitesh.

né-ulaksh—ngé-isha. 241

né-utko, d. nénutko field, piece of ground, section or patch of land; lit.
“what extends, stretches out”, Mod.: tchéke n. field covered with pumice-
stone. Partic. of néwa.

néwa, d.nénua to form an extension, to be extended, to form a sheet; said,
e. g., of prairies, level lands, water: éwaga shtani wishink n. the pond is
Full of garter-snakes. Der. éwa. Cf. né-ush, né-utko, tchfwa.

néwal, d. nénual (1) v. trans., other form of nawal, q. v. (2) subst., mis-
tletoe: Phorodendron arceuthobium. Cf iwadla, ksh&wal, lawala, liwal.

newalka, d. nenudlka; same as niwalka, q. v.

né-upka, nii’-upka, d. nénuapka to run into a pond, marsh, lake, or other

_ Sheet of water ; said of rivers. Contr. from néwapka. Der. néwa.

Néwapkshi, apoc. Nii’wapksh, nom. pr. of Goose Lake, a large water
basin extending from Oregon into Californian territory, 31, 7. 14. and
Note. Its shores were and are still a favorite resort for all the neighbor-
ing tribes of Indians. Der. né-upka.

néwisht, d. nénuisht remains of human or animal body: ltikslaksh n.
tchi’sh sheké‘lke they rake up the ashes and the remains, 85, 11.

ngd-ishka, d. ngdngishka to remove through breaking, fracturing: partic.
nga-ishkatko, d. ngangishkatko having no front teeth; having a gap in the
teeth: plaitanish n. one who lost his upper teeth. Cf. kéwa, ngata.

ngadak, d. ngdngak turtle; land and water turtle. Probably species of Che-
lopus. Its incantation: 159; 58.

ngangatizi, nkankatizi to play leap-frog. Cf. ngak.

ngdta, d.ngangata, v. intr., to break, to break off; to snap in two, as a string:
ma/Ish ngatuapk na’hlis the bowstring will snap to ye, 21,10. Speaking of
many subjects, ngtildsha. Cf. kéwa.

ngé-ish, nge’sh, ngii’-ish, gi/-ish, d. ngéngish (1) arrow used in war;
arrow tipped with a stone, bone or iron point, 138, 1.: nas né’sh shli’tk
Méatokni ngii’-ishtka one Modoc man shot in the head by an arrow, 24, 7. 8 ;
ngé’shtka shenotanka to fight with arrows, 90,18. (2) projectile of fire-arms:
bullet, bail, shell, 21, 17. 24, 4. 30, 5. Der. kéwa. Cf. shawalsh, taldshi

ngé-isha, ngii’-isa, contr. ngé’sha, d. ngengi’sha, (1) to shoot at with war
arrows or fire-arms. (2) to hit, wound, to inflict a wound by shooting, 21, 16.:
ngii’-isapksh for nge-ishapkash, 24, 7. 133, 7.

16

242 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ngé-ishna, d. ngenggishna to go and shoot, to start out for shooting or
wounding: ngé-ishan for ngé-ishna, 123, 5. 6.

ngéshalsh, d. ngengi’shalsh lead. Der. ngé-ishala.

ngéshe-tiya, d. ngengeshe-tya to disable by shooting, wounding; to wound
but not to kill, 43, 10. 16.: kanktak shi’Idshash n. an equally large number
of soldiers were wounded, 37, 14.

ngtldsha, ngii’ltcha, d. ngungdldsha (1) v. trans.; same as kéwa, but
referring to more than one object: a-atinsh ko’sh nti ng. I have felled tall
pine-trees ; nepni’ni nguldshétan I struck him about the hand, 23,18. (2) v.
intr.; same as ngdta, but referring to more than one subject.

ngtlo, nki’lo, d. ngingalo, nki’nkalo; see gtlu.

negtimshka, d. ngumgimshka, v. trans., to break, fracture: laki ng. ngii’-
ish the bullet had fractured his forehead, 24, 4. Cf. kéwa, ngéta, ngildsha.

ni, ni, pron. pers. J; see nu, nu.

ni, ni’, pl tuimi nf, wide and rounded, sole-shaped, buckskin snow-shoe on
a wood-frame, fastened with strings to the foot.

-ni, -ni, d. -nfni, suffix appended to nouns, especially generic and collec-
tive nouns, to express the idea: “and all that sort of, and all belonging
to them, and all connected with him, her, it, them”: ndnuk wéwansni
(for wéwanuishni) the women and all, all women and their families, 21, 19.:
népnini nglildsha he has or had his hand fractured at several places by one
shot, ef. 23, 18.; hak a nanuk watch géna, g¢-uni all the horses are going
and mine also; watch tehish maklaksni nanuk taménétka the horses and all
“the Indians with them have been there. Cf. -ni in tataksni children.

nia, d. ninia, adv. (1) lately, newly, recently ; not limiting the length of time
elapsed: ni’a i hémkanka you told a short time ago, 39, 15., Mod ; niatoks
ma‘ntch some time hence; stndé gfulank, or n. sindé last week. (2) yester-
day, Mod. Cf. undk. (3) a while ago, long ago, 158; 55.; Isl.

nidshonidshua, d. nindshonidshua (1) to wink with the eyes. (2) to
grimace, to make faces.

nigga, pl. timi n., negro, Lthiopian, 190; 22.: niggalam shd-amoksh,
Mod., monkey. Irom the English. Cf. watha.

nika, d. ninka (1) fo extend the arm. (2) to put the arm out of, as of a door,
lodge, window ete.; wii‘k, arm, is usually added: we’k ninakémpka nti I
put both arms out. Cf. eiza, sptika.

nilka. 243

ngé-ishna

nikanka to beckon with one’s arm, hand: n. nép to make signs with the hand.

niklka, néklya, d. njnaklya to work by hand, to do hand work, as field
work, chopping wood ete. Mod. Der. nfka.

nikualka, ni‘kualya, d. ninakudlya to extend one arm or hand: ninakuadlyan
tkétka to stand with both arms cxtended ; plaitala n. to come down right side
up when falling; said of beaver'’s teeth, 80, 2.

nil, ni’l, né’l (d. ninil), pl. ttimi n. (1) short hair on animal body; fur,
wool, bristle; down, smabler feathers of birds; hair of tail etc.; hair on a
person’s arms, chest, back: shi'p tiima n. gitko a sheep having much wool §
n. wéksa the down of the mallard, 144, 1. 2. (2) hide or skin with the
animal hair on; fur, peltry, whether dressed or not: pumam, kéltam,
nkdlam n. beaver-, otter-, rabbit-skin; tids& né’] gitko wash the prairie-wolf
has a delicate fur, 144,10 Der. néwal. Cf. lak, mikash, nelina, smo‘k.

nilakla, d. ninflakla to appear first, said of daylight; nilakléla na/Ish,
nilakloltamna na‘Ish the daylight dawns over us. Met. for nilkala. Der.
nilka.

Nilakshi, apoc. Nilaksh, Ni/laks, nom. pr. of Nilaks or “Daylight” Mount-
ain, a steep hill-ridge two miles south of Modoc Point, bordering on the
middle part of Upper Klamath Lake, 75,20. Pronounced Natlix by the
white settlers. Der. nilka.

Nilakskni, adj. and subst., coming from, native of Nélakshi ; settled at
Nilaks-Mountain. N. maiklaks are the portion of the Klamath Lake
Indians once settled at the western base of Nilaks Mountain, 17, 3.

nilaltko, d. ninflaltko covered with hair, fur, pelt, down, feathers; same
as ni'l gftko, ef. nil. When used of persons it is identical with popam-
kish and means ‘“‘hairy all over the body”. Der. ni’Jala.

nilfwa, d. nin’liwa to blaze up, to burst into a light; said of fire blazing up
by itself, or when excited by the wind: kiifla n. the ground was on fire,
174; 9. Cf. lfutka, nélka, ni’/lka, niita, shniliwa, teepaliii’ga.

ni‘lka, nilka, né‘lka, d nini’/lka, nené’Tka (1) v. impers., it is dawning;
daylight appears: tstti né‘lka; tsti sa et/Iki at the first dawn they attacked,
17, 2.; nilaksht at dawn of day, 144, 8. (2) subst., dawn, daylight, begin-
ning of day. (8) v. intr., to expect the dawn of day in camp or elsewhere;
to be somewhere at daylight, 31, 5. Cf. pa ktgi.

244 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ninia, nénea, neinéya to flutter like chickens, ducks or geese moving their
wings while walking on the ground, 174; 8. Der. néna. Cf. nafnaya.

nink for ni giank, I for myself, 122,15. and Note. Cf. -gianggin, itakianki,
nutagidngei.

nish, nish, contr. n’sh, n’s, pron. pers. me, to me; see nu, nu.

ni’sh, nish, d. nfnish neck of persons and animals, 119, 9.: ni’sh ita to put
upon the neck, 91, 10.; nisham lawalsh, K1., nisham shalatchgualash, Mod.,
junction of neck to head in quadrupeds.

niszaga, nfishyak, d. ninszaga little girl. Girls are called so from
infancy to the age of puberty and even later. Cf. shiwaga.

nishta, adv., (1) during the night, at night (obsolete). (2) all night long,
the whole night; un. ktana to sleep all night, 31, 8.: ttmepni sd-atsa sa n.
during five whole nights they danced around the scalps, 16, 11.; nishta nat
géna we marched the whole night, 31, 4., cf. 19, 13.; n. hii’ma mi’kash the
horned owl hoots all night, 88, 6. See pshin.

nishtak, adv., during the same night: ni’shtak tchi’sh gakiamna the same
night they surrounded the lodges, 16, 4. Contr. from nishta (1), ak.

nitu, nito, d. ninto to suppose, guess, conjecture: niin. mish watch pallasht
I suppose you were the thief of the horse or horses. Cf. shéwa.

nfiudshna, d. nfnudshna to drive on level ground, as horses, cattle: shtitka
n. to drive on a road, along a trail, 127, 11.

nfukla, d. nfnukla to give or confer through another; to bestow through
somebody else. Der. néya.

niukna, d. ninukna to compel to leave, to drive out of, as horses, cattle:
watch ni’-uknan driving the horses out of the inclosure, 127, 11.

ni-uya, d. nind-uya; see shut-uga.

niulgidsha, d. ninulgi’dsha (1) v. trans., to drive together what is scat-
tered, as horses, cattle. (2) v. intr., to whirl around, to move im a circle, to
form a whirl or eddy. Der. niuli, -kidsha. Cf. agg@édsha.

ni-uli, nf-ile, d. ninit’le to drive into, 127, 10.

niuligish, d. ninuligish fenced-in pasture-ground. Der. ni-uli. Cf. iligish.

niulya, nit’lya, d. nintlya; same as niwdlya No. 1. Cf. lé-ulza.

niwa, d. ninua; see shtwa.

niwalka, néwalza, niulya, d ninudlka (1) v. intr., fo ascend, go uphill: sti’

ninia—nkénkanka. 245

n. to follow the uphill trail, 185; 39. (2) v. trans., to drive uphill, as a team
with two or more horses ete. Mod. for tptlya Kl. Der. néwal.

niwalka, d. ninudlka, v. intr., to go away, to be removed: k6-i n. it goes away
too slowly; said of food not agreeing with the stomach. Der. niwa (2).

niwikaékpéli, niwikina; see shuiikipéli, shuikina.

nka‘kgi, nydkgi, d. nkankakgi to give birth, to be confined, to become a
mother: nyakei lapuk both became mothers, 107, 12.; snawédshash viinipa
nka‘kgin, Mod., a woman delivered of four children at one birth; nka‘kgiuga
on account of a childbirth, 91,1. Der. nkésh.

nkankatuish, pl. timi n., fetlocks and small pastern of horse or mule,
just above hoof. Der. ngata.

nkash, nkésh, d. nkinkash, nzdnyash (1) abdomen, belly, the bowels; the
‘largest stomach of ruminants, 105, 16.: nkdsham liwalsh stomach of man;
the first or smallest stomach of ruminants; crop, craw ; maw, ct. mpétlaysh;
nkdésham walshash peritoneum, tissue enveloping the bowels; nk. ma‘sha
to feel pain in the bowels, to have belly-ache: colics, dysentery, diarrhoea.
Cf. nkashgi. (2) mountain-trout; a spotted fish found in the Williamson
River, but not in Upper Klamath Lake.

nkashgi, nga’sgi, d. nkankashki, ngdngaski to have diarrhea.

nkashkidga belly; occurs in the proper name Munish-Nkaskiiga-Gi'tko,
q. v., and seems dim. of nkash.

nkéwa,. nkii'wa, nzii/wa, d. nkenkéwa, nkékua; same as kéwa, q. v.

nki‘ka, d. nkinkga (1) to be full of dust, atoms, pulverized substance. (2)
subst., dust, atoms. Cf. kililks, mbtika.

nkikélya, d. nkinkik’léza, v. intr., to weigh: kink nf a nk. I am weigh-
ing so much. Der. kila (4).

nkak, nydk, d. nkénkak (1) top of the head, vertex or crown of head: nyak-
ksaksi’na, ngak-ksaksh on the top of the head, 21,17. Cf. wélwash. (2)
skull of fish; crest or comb of bird. Cf. nka‘kei.

nkdla, nydla, d. nkdénkala to wither, fade; said of trees, plants: nzdltko
withered. Cf. kmukéltgi, nukéla.

nkéna, ngéna (e short), d. nyénza to halloo, to cry loudly, to shout; the
words halloed are quoted, 42, 16. Cf. ndéna, sttika.

nkénkanka, ngii/nkanka to halloo to somebody repeatedly or continually ;
to shout in one strain.

246 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

nki/1; nkfla, nkflla; see kil; kila ete.

nkt’k, d. nyti/nyak, a black goose not specified

nk¢t/1, nkél, nzél, d. nkinkal, nzt’/nzal gray white-tailed rabbit: nkélam
nil rabbit-skin. Of. kA, kitikuish.

nyika, nk4-aga young mountain-trout, or a smaller species of this fish.
Incantation: 177; 34. Dim. nkash (2).

nyéwa, nyzii’-ua, d. nzénzua; same as kéwa, q. v.

nzyi‘la, d. nzinzdla; same as kila, q. v.

nyi‘tsa, nzitecha, d. ngfnytcha, v. intr, to dry up. to become exsiccated:
partic. nzi’tchatko dry, dried up, atrophied.

Nyitsd-Tst/ks, abbr. from Nzi’tsatko-Tsii’ks, nom. pr. Kl. of “Dried-
Leg”, a chief of the Snake Indians, 28, 7. 9. Der. nzi’tsa, tcht’ksh.

nzi’-uliga, d. nzinzuliga, 97, 1.; same as kiuliga, q. v.

nztita, d. nzi/nzta to burn at the bottom of a pan, kettle, cooking utensil:
partic. nztitatko (a) half charred, almost burnt up. (b) subst., slags, dross.
Der. néka. Cf natsagiula, nkala.

nzutagia, d. nzunziitagia to burn at the bottom of a pan, cooking utensil

néka, ndka, néza, d. nénuka (1) to ripen, to mature; to be ripe for eating,
147, 14.: nt/kuk when ripe, 147, 9.; k&yudsh nti‘ka it 7s not ripe yet, 74, 7.
(2) to become palatable by boiling, cooking, roasting or broiling; to be cooked.
(3) v. trans., to cook, boil, stew: partic. nukatko cooked, prepared, done ; nu-
kapkash pan to eat cooked food; no'ksh when stewed, boiled ; nézuk when
done, 148, 14.; nuksht after baking it, 150, 7.; nt’ksht after roasting i,
113, 9.; nékshtak (for néksht ak) as soon as stewed or done, 113, 2.

nékla, no‘kla, nikala, d. nonikla to roast, broil on hot coals: ntikaltaémpka
tchulé’ks he commenced roasting meat, 113, 9. Der. ndka. Cf. ptika.

nshapka, d. nshd4nshapka; same as ndshaipka, q. v.

nshatchtyzi, d. nshdnshatchtzi to form a waterfall, cascade; said only of
water falling free from an elevation, not of rapids in rivers.

nshdtchtzish, d. nshdnshatchtzish cascade over a vertical rock; water-
fall as from a mill-run.

nshendshkdane, 71, 7.; d. of ndshékani, q. v.

Nshkattkalsh, nom. pr. masc. K1.; interpreted by ‘The Coaxer”.

Ntdpa, nom. pr. mase. Mod., interpreted by “ Broken Arm”.

nté-ish, ntésh, d nténtish (1) bow with arrows as making up the outfit

=
/

nkil—ntiltyaga. 247

of a warrior or hunter, 123, 4.: nté-ish ni i’-amnatk oéna I started out
carrying bow and arrows, 21,1. (2) bow as a weapon, having a length of
24 to 34 feet: hi’shla nt¢-ishtka they shot at the mark with bows, 109, 15.
136, 1.2. (8) clavicular bone; collar-bone. Der. téwi.

nté-ishala, d. ntentfshala to shoot arrows.

nté-ishalta, d. ntentishalta ¢o shoot arrows at a person or animal, 22, 3.

ntéyaga, d. nténtiaga (1) small bow with arrows; small bow. (2) Ntéyak,
nom. pr. mase.: ‘Small Bow and Arrows”. Dim. nté-ish.

nteydkala, d. ntentidkala to make a little bow as a plaything.

nteyakalfa, nteyakalfya to make a little bow for somebody; nt. m’na
tnakag he made a bow for his little son, 109, 13, 14. Der. ntéyaga.

ntéktish, ndéktish, abbr. ntéktch, d. nté’ntaktish (1) stem of arrow; the
lighter portion of the bird-hunter’s arrow, into which the tulish, of harder
and heavier wood, is inserted as a point: ntéktcham tulish arrow-point
of wood. These arrows are used for shooting ducks and geese while on
the water; their points makeup one-third of the whole length and are
fastened to the stems by means of a glutinous substance called walakish.
(2) arrow made of the shdl-reed; shaped differently from the arrow called
shal, 136, 2. (3) any reed or reed-like stem used for the manufacture of
arrows. Cf. nté-ish, taldshi, télak, tchtitiam.

ntiklaksh, d. ntintéklaksh drop: na’dsh Ampii nt. one drop of water.

ntiikshktcha, ndéksktsa (1) to scratch, graze; to inflict a slight wound, 21,
18. (2) to shoot a hole through, as through a sleeve, blanket. Cf. ndéga.

ntintélakta, d. ntintantélakta to go to stool. Der. tilya. Cf. ntiklaksh.

ntitélaktcha, d. ntintatélaktcha to go to stool. Der. tilya. Cf. szédsha.

nt@lkidsha, d. ntuntdlkidsha to eddy around, to form an eddy; said of
running waters only. Cf. muigidsha, niulgidsha, tchishkidsha.

ntti/ltsanuish dry river-bed; the former water-course of a stream, rivulet,
brook. Der. nttltchna. Cf. palkuish.

nttltki, ndii’ltke to fall down, to form a chute or cascade; said of waters:
ati hak ntt’Itke kéke this river forms a high cascade. Cf nshatehtzi.

nt@Iltzaga, ndultyaga, d. ntultdltyaga (for ntuntaltyaga) (1) to have its
spring, to run down from its source or origin; said of waters: kédkag nt. the
brook runs down from there. (2) to bubble up; said of springs only.

248 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ntt’ltpa to run, flow towards the one speaking: pén d4mbu nt. the water
runs again towards (me, us) after a stoppage.

nttiltehampka, ndi/lshampka, ntulshimpka to rush, run, flow while out
of sight or in the distance; to run down away from; said of rivers, streams,
ditched waters ete. Der. nttiltchna.

nttiltchyantcha, tinszantsa to pass through; to run, to flow through;
kokag ti/nsyantsa a stream ran through, 31, 1.

nttltchna, nttlsna, ndil’shna, ttinshna to be in the act of running, to flow
continually: dmbti nt. the water runs all the time; kinkéni 4mbu nt. only a little
water is running in the river bed or ditch; kékag hatakt ttinsna a brook was
running there, 80, 21. 31, 8: partic. ndti’lshantko flowing past, 94, 5.

nttnshna, ti’nshna; same as nttltchna, q. v. Cf. shti/nshna.

nttiptpa, d. ntuntaptpa (1) fo throw up bubbles. (2) to seethe, to beima
boiling state: ntuptpatko Ampu boiling water. Der. nddépa.

nttiptehmaga, d. ntuntaptchmaga to come up in bubbles, to bubble up in
water or liquids. Cf. nttiptpa.

ntchaya, d. ntchantchaya fo split; same as utchdya, q. v.: Mo’dokni
ktehinksh ntchayetampka the Modocs commenced to split rails, 35, 4.

ntchakta, d. ntchantchakta to be sticky, glutinous ; to stick on. Cf. gintana.

ntchalka, d. ntchantchdlka (1) to be green, fresh. (2) to be young; said
of persons and animals.

ntchalkni, d. ntchantchalkni (1) adj., fresh, green: n. wokash raw pond-
lily seed; ntchalyni tehiléks fresh meat. (2) subst., boy, youngster: hink
ntchalkénash shitka sha they have killed that boy: Cf. tehaki.

ntchama’shka, Itchama’shka, d. ntchantchama’shka to wipe off from.

ntchamashldéla, d. ntchantchamashldla to wipe off Cf. ndshashldla.

ntchaska, ntchashki, d. ntchantchaska, ntchantchaski to clean off, remove ;
to rub with the hand: ntchaski a nt gen kiiila I clean off that dust.

Ntehdékish, nom. pr. mase. Mod.: “Deaf-Ear”. Der. ndshdka.

nu, nti, emphat. nf’-fi; ni, ni; both abbr. -n; obj. nush, nii’sh, nish, ni’sh,
abbr. n’sh, n’s, ish, i’sh, pers. pron. of the first person sing., J; obj. me, to
me. Ni htink lalaékiash hémkanka J spoke to the chief; lap a nt shléa ta-
takiash I see two children; na hi’nk i’-amnuapk i’zaks mi L will confiscate
your gain, 59, 22.; tsi ni gi (or ki) so J said, 22, 8. 16. 17.; nti tala none but
me, I alone; patén shli’n I shot him in the cheek, 30, 16., cf. 61, 3. 154;

nish. 249

ntt’ltpa

12.; slnfi’kshtkan I want to obtain, 23, 8.; nush shumaldétkish 6-i! give me
a pen! hii nish héshéla, Mod., he showed to me; tchi n’sh sa gi so they said
to me, 22, 17.; ef. 22, 7-11.; i’sh shla’t! shoot ye at me! kill me! Al, 5.;
ish ktiyuiaki’at! ye lift me up there! 22, 12.; ish ht lfilpalpalfat! make ye
eyes for me! 154; 11.; nishzé’ni towards me, 158; 55.—In the subj. case
the pron. frequently appears double: ni gfta ni télshapka wiké li’wapksh
I perceived them crowded there at no great distance, 22, 14.; tchin a ni
shléwal Idloksgish thus I cocked my gun, 22, 21.; tsti nii’-ulékan titétnan
then sometimes I chastise, 61, 10., ef. 23, 18. 59, 17. 119, 3. 136, 1—Nd
stands for nat in: lapi nti two of us, 177; 2.

nuatazatko, nhutagatko, d. nuantitazatko (1) soiled, full of spots, specks,
etc.; said of ink-dots ete. (2) passing gradually into darker or lighter
shades, blending insensibly, cloudy; said of colors, spots on dress, ete.

ni’dsha, d. nuno’dsha to flit, to be borne at or into along distance: p’laitala
n. to go to the upper regions (after death). Cf. idsha.

nt’dshna, d. nuno’dshna to flit away, to fly off into distance; said of the
heart of one of the Thunders, 114, 4.

niyamna, d. nunfamna fo whirl about, to run, skip, or walk around; said
of the weasel, 158; 52.; wishtkak nfi n. J walk around blowing ; said of the
pelican, 166; 19. Cf. nuttiyamna.

niuyua, d. nuniwa to shine from a distance, as alight Cf. nitkolua.

nitkala, ni’kla, d. nunikla; same as ndékla, q. v.

nikanka, d. nintkanka to go astray; to stray around, as dogs, 155; 24.

nukdéla, d.nunzéla to shrink by heat, as observed on skins ete. Der. ntika.

Ni’ksham, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man, signer of the treaty of
1864; interpreted by “Dried Fish”. Der. nédka.

nt’lidsha fo be wafted downwards, to glide down into distance; to pass to the
inferior regions of the earth, 173; 2. (spirits’ song). Cf. vali.

nish, ni’sh, nf’ss (d. ninash), pl. timi n. (1) head of persons and ani- -
mals: n. shlin he was shot in the head, 21, 18. 22, 11.; tsti ni pii’n shlin n.
I shot him a second time, and in the head, 30, 16.; Md’sham n., Yamsham-
teham n. lalkadsha he cut off the head of the South Wind, and that of the
North Wind, viz. he stopped their blowing, 111, 10. 11.; gi’tash nt’sh

ka’pga nua’sh lice bite me on the head, 119, 4.; n.-tilansncéash, name of a

250 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

bird, q. v.; n-=ma’shash headache; nishti kiko skull. Cf. 89, 6. 96, 6. 138,
1. 3. 6. 154; 12. (2) ear of wheat, maize ete.

nushaltk4éga, d nunshaltkéga (1) small water-spring (2) head-waters,
pond-source, spring of a stream or rwer. It is peculiar to the streams
coming from the voleanic soil of the Klamath Highlands, that they origi-
nate in large ponds or small lakes surging by many sources out of the
eround, which are seen bubbling at the edges of the ponds. Such a
pond is called wélwash or n., nushaltkaga. Der. nushaltko.

Nushaltkéga, nom. pr. of (1) head-waters or pond-sources of streams
running from the north into Lost River near Bonanza, a recent settlement
about twelve miles east of Linkville, Lake County. This section was
the home of one portion of the Modoe Indians. (2) the head-waters of
Willow Creek, also called Rush Creek, running into Clear Lake from the
east, in Modoe County, California: N. p’lé-itan above the springs of Willow
Creck, 44, 3., the spot where Captain Jack surrendered.

Nushaltkagakni, NusaltzAgakish, nom. pr., Modoc Indian settled at the
head-waters mentioned under 'Nushaltkiga (1): nanka tehillik Nashalt-
gagaki’shash some men who were friends of the Head-water Modocs, 21, 4.

nushadaltko, d. nunshaltko (1) provided with a head. (2) bearing an ear
or ears, as cereals. (3) taking its source or origin, as a river. Der. ntishala.

Ni/shkshi, nom. pr. of a camping-place on east side of Klamath Marsh.
Lit. “At the Skull”; so called because a human skull was once found
there, 74, 15. From ni’sh, -kshi.

ni’sh-tilansnéash ‘“turnhead” or “rollhead”, a large, grayish-white
owl living in earth-holes: Speotyto hypugaia. Incantations: 154; 12. 167;
32. Der. nish, tilanshnéa. Cf. lipaks.

nita, nt’‘ta, d. ninata, nt’nta (1) v. intr. and impers., fo burn, to flame, to
blaze up: n., or lt'loks n, the fire is burning, 100, 18.; gii’s n. the gas is burn-
ing; timepni ntitish while five fires were burning ; lit. “when it was burning
fivefold”; mii tehii’k nitisht when at last the fire was blazing high, 114, 1.;
ni’natank teht’ka they perished in the flames, 114, 4. (2) v. trans., to burn
up, to destroy by fire: tsi sa nénuktua n. then they burnt up everything, 89, 2.

nutagianeei, nitagiank, nittakink, pron. pers. and refl., L for myself:
nitagiank shit’la, or nitak shit’la giangein IT am gathering for myself.

From ntitak, -efanggin. Cf. itakidnki, nink.

nushaltkiga—nuwalya. 251

ntttak, a palatable, very small seed growing on a prairie-grass, this being
a species of the Glyceria family, 148, 5. 6. and Note.

nutak, nutak, nt’taks, nitok, nti’toksh, obj. nii’shtak (1) but ZT, just I, T
however ; standing in clauses which express contrast or emphasis: nii’toks
as for me, as far as I am concerned, 108, 8. 186; 56.; nii’shtoks maklaks
shléa people have seen me; niitoks htin spdga shfl I am wetting this piece of
cloth. (2) pron. refl., myself: ka-i i génuapk, n. g@’sh shani-uli you shall
not go, I want to go myself, 111, 6.; nutdk nép hushnata I burnt my own
hand, or I received a burn on my hand.

N fi’tiis, nom. pr. mase.: ‘“ Burnt-Back”; for Nutd-ish. Der. niita.

nutéks, d. nunté’ks rounded spot where the effect or impress of a blow
is visible: contusion by a hammer-stroke, aperture made by a thunder-
bolt, round-shaped impression. Cf. ktuté’ks.

nutkolua, Mod. natkolua, d. ni’/ntkolua, Mod nandtkolua to shine from
a distance, as from a lake, prairie, mountain. Cf. niiyua.

nutédshna, d. nunto’dshna, nuntidshna to hurl, to throw away, as spears,
rocks ete.: tank haftch i kt4-i nuttidshna? how many'stones did you throw?

nutédkakua, d. nuntékakua to swing to and fro, as a pendulum.

nutélaktcha, d. nuntdlaktcha fo throw or hurl away to a distance, as a
rock, stone ete.; fo throw there while going, marching, passing: kta-i hadakt
nutola‘ktcha (Mod.) they threw a stone there while passing, 85, 15.

nutolala, d. nuntoldla to throw by swinging, to swing away: \i'likshtat
n. to jerk, throw into the fire, 96, 16. Cf. nutéddshna.

nutolaldéla, d. nuntolaldla to throw away from by swinging: shtilf pa’ks
nutolalolatkiuk (for nutolalolatki giug) he ordered him to swing off and
throw away (into the fire) the tobacco-pipe, 96, 11.

nutuyakia, d. nuntuyakia to throw or swing over for somebody, in some-
body’s interest, 132, 4.

nuttiyamna to hum, buzz around; said of insects which fly with a swing-
ing, whirling motion, 165; 16. Cf. mai’muma, nttyamna.

uuwdlza, nu-udlga, d. nunt’alza to take an upward flight, to fly skyward;
said of rounded or bulky subjects: stefnash hik n. this heart flew up to the
sky, 114, 8. Cf. hushdnualksh, ni’dshna, shuwalya.

252 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

©.

O alternates throughout with the primitive vowel uv, and in many
instances is the product of synizesis, especially when pronounced long.
Words not found here to be looked for under U.

0, 0, interj. marking surprise, ah! ohé! sometimes followed by a quick
inspiration of breath.

0, 0’, abbr. for hu, pron. dem. and for hu, adv., q. v.

6-i, dya; see tiya.

6-itehna, d. a-itehna, o-wi’dshna, u-didshna to give away a gift or present
previously received by oneself. Der. tya.

oydéka, d. tydka; see uytika.

okd-ilagen! d. o-okd-ilagen! certainly! of course! “you bet!” term of
asseveration used in confirming statements or for answering questions in
an affirmative sense. Mod. for wak hai la gén KI.

o’ksht, pron. dem.; same as hi’‘ksht, q. v.

dkshua, d. odkshua (1) to cough. (2) to throw up phlegm.

o-olaléna, 75, 7.; see ayulaléna.

Olash, Kl. 6’Ish, t/Ish, (d. o-dlash), pl. timi 0’. (1) white hair; whitish
down. (2) mourning dove, a species of dove or wild pigeon of a whitish
or ashy color, called so onomatopoetically after its melancholy, pitiful

ery: 6-0; Zenaidura carolinensis. The Maklaks say the bird cries after
its grandmother. Bédshtinam 0’. domestic pigeon.

Olshaltko, tIshaltko, d. 0-dlshaltko white- or gray-haired.

6nion onion: bnions-shitko like onions, 148, 13. From the English.

onish, obj. case of htin, pron. dem., 136, 7. and Note.

o-dakgi, d. u-dakgi to do so, to act thus, to act in such a manner: o. mitok
shtefnash do what you please. From hu, wak, gi

o-é6lka, d'laga, pl. tiimi o., little or young dove. Dim. O'lash, q. v.

Oreginkni, nom. pr., Oregonian; white settler of Lake County who came
there from some other portion of the Oregon territory: Oreginkni B4sh-
tinash ma‘l k4-i shuénktgt in order that the Oregonian settlers (who had
formed a corps of volunteers) may not kill any more of ye, 40, 17.

o’skank, 65, 1., ef: 7.; see hishkanka.

o—paha. 253

otilks, utilksh (~~), d. u-utilks dam, fishing-dam extending below the
water’s surface. The natives wade over it to scoop up the fish with their
dip-nets. A dam of this kind is at Ktéi-Tupdkshi, 74, 2. Der. utila.

o’tish, d'tish, d. a’tish fruit of long shape; ear of cereals: istakam, tkApam
0’. ear of maize Cf. litish, nii’sh (2).

our, aur hour: lap ours two hours. Mod. From the English.

dE

P alternates with b, m, and is nasalized into mb, mp; only the alternation
with b is of frequent occurrence. Words not found under P to be looked
for under B, M. Initial p-, p’- is often the proprietary prefix p-, as in the
terms of relationship ete. The prefix pe- is indicative of a plurality of
round-shaped and bulky objects, of persons etc., though it is not entirely
confined to this function; ef. pé-ula.
pa, pa, particle referring to the logical subject of the clause or sentence.

Cf. pa-ak, pash and suffix -pa.
pa-ak, a particle of same meaning as pa, q. v., in most cases intranslat-

able: pa-ak ka-i an shayuakta! what do I know of it! 140,2. This can be

expressed in a shorter way: pa-ak (or pa) I do not know. From pa, ak.
pa-alamip, d. pa-alamishap (1) elder or younger brother's wife; said by

his sisters. (2) husband’s elder or younger sister; said by his wife.
pa-anip, d. pa-dnishap (1) elder brother; said by younger sister. (2)

elder sister; said by younger brother. Cf Note to 134, 9.
padsha, patcha, d. papddsha to split up, to rip, to tear a hole, as into an

article of dress. Cf. gintétka, spatcha.
pa dsha to become blind of one eye; d papa'dsha of both eyes: partic. papa’-

dshatko blind; lit. “having become blind of both eyes”. Der. paha.
padshaya, d. papdshaya to tear up, to tear; as dress, cloth. Cf. pakaga.
pidshayam, d. papdshayam (supply: 4nku) manzanita bush, 128, 5.;
grows not higher than four feet in the colder portions of the reservation.
padshit; see pii’dshit.
piga, d. papdga to make wet, to wet, to wet through, to drench: partic.
pagatko drenched, wetted, wet. Of. shpaga.
paha, d. pap’ha, papa (1) v. intr, to become dry; to be, stay, remain dry:

254 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Aishishamksh pi/l pahd only Aishish’s home remained dry, 96, 23 ; k6-e
pahipkash a dried-up frog, 134, 14., ef. 17.; pa’sht (for pahasht) after
having become dry, 147, 17.; pa’shtak, pa‘sht ak as soon as dried by the
sun, 148, 4.; gén pddshit ilhulsh (for illélash) p. népkank this year
the weather is dry. (2) v. trans., to make dry, to dry, to cxsiccate ; p. udsaks
they dry the large sucker-fish on the fire and in the sun, 74, 1.; kamals paha
they dry fish and reduce them to powder, 74, 3. and Note; paha (for pahatko,
pahapkash) at po’ks iwidshat then they put in cachés the baked camass-
roots, 74, 6.; pahapk (for pahdpkash) iwam dried berries, 75, 10.; pahatko
mtishmusham tchulé’ks jerked beef: Cf. pata, shpaha.

pahalka, bahhalya, pa‘lka, d. papdhalka (1) v. trans., to make dry, to
exsiccate. (2) v. intr., to become dry, to dry up; said of the soil, of rivers
etc. (3) v. intr., Mod., to suffer of a lingering disease ; to look meager, lean,
sickly, famished. Der. pdha. Cf. pé’hlaksh.

Pahdpkash-E-ush-gi/shi, nom. pr. of Grass Lake or Dry Lake,
where a battle of the Modoc campaign was fought: lit. “‘Dried-up Lake
at”; 43, 14. Pahdtko E-ush (the same locality), at Dry Lake, 43, 17.
From paha, ‘Cush, ot.

pa’hla, pala, d. pap’hla, pap’la (1) ctrcular dish made of root fibers -or
rushes, tight and solid, having often a diameter of three feet; round
matted dish or tray; wickerwork dish. (2) sort of scoop or paddle made of
branches or of tule-bulrushes, larger than the shAplash, q. v.; used on
the water, 167; 34. Der. pala. Cf. tia.

pa’hlak, palaga, d. pap’lak willow tray, matted dish of small size; from six
to twenty inches in diameter. Dim. pda’hla, q. v.

pa’hlaksh, d. papdhlaksh of lean, meager or sickly appearance; famished,
emaciated: wash-p. a fox species; see washpalaksh. Der. pahalka.

pahdédka, d. papahdka, v. intr. and impers., to linger with a slow or internal |
disease: nti p. steinash, or p. n’sh I am permanently sick, K1.; kakii’gi a
v’sh kaké; papdk-shitku n’sh (for papahdka-shitko nash, or papahokatko-
shitko) my bones (or legs) are weak; they are paining me; lit. “to me they
seem exsiccated”. Der. paha.

pa’hpash, papash earwax; Mod. for tuti’ksh K]. Der. pdha.

pa’htchna, d papdhtchna to be thirsty; to suffer from exhaustion. Der.
paha. Cf. Ambutka, pahdéka, patchnam.

pahalka—pdaklua. 255

paisha, pé-isha, d. papi’sha, v. impers., (1) it is damp, sultry: ki-i a n’sh
hi’shlta paishuk swltriness oppresses me. (2) it is cloudy weather, the sky is
clouded, overcast. Cf. paga, shtipa, tgtwa.

paishash, pda-ishash, d. papi’shash (1) clouded, overcast sky. Cf. kalo.
(2) cloud, rain-cloud, 179; 2. Quot. under hipka, ki’gi, pitkala.

paishkaga, d. papi’shkaga little cloud: kitehkdéni p. lamb-cloud.

payakua pocket, side pocket in dress: piyakuatat tchelétka to take out of
the pocket; pi a shalaktchui wati m’ndtant paydkutat he is putting his
knife in his pocket. Der pe-uyéga Cf. liyuiaks.

paka, paka, d. papka, papza (1) to eat, to feed on: tutizdlatko undk papka
she took early meals cach time after a dreamy night, 158; 54. (2) to smoke
tobacco, either pipe or cigar, 137, 2. 3.; at nti k’léwi paksh now I abstain
Srom smoking; pakdla to cease smoking, 137, 4. Der. pan.

paka, paga, d. papka to bark; said of the dog, wolf, and prairie-wolf:
watchagalam pakash ku-idshi the barking of a dog is of bad augury.

paka, mbaka, d. papka, mbambka, (1) v. intr., to be broken, fractured ;
partic. pakatko, mbakatko, d. pdpatko (for p&pkatko), mbambakatko
broken; kaklash, li’ldish a papatko the saddle, the stirrup is broken; said
of plants: old, decaying, withered. (2) v. trans., to break, to break to pieces:
wékamua p. to break a tumbler. Cf. ndshapka.

pakaga, d. papkaga to tear; tear up, to jerk off.

pakakédla, d. papkakdla to tear away from, to jerk off to a distance, 96, 16.:
pa’ ksh pakakdéleshtka (supply gi) he attempted to jerk off the pipe, 96, 14.

pakalaksh fold, crease; term for composing multiplicative numerals:
nda‘nash, vi/nipsh p threefold, fourfold. Ct. spdgalya.

pakedéla, d. papakedla to open by tearing, pulling, or jerking: pipa p. to
open a letter. Der. pdka No. 3 (2).

pakish, d. papkish eatable, serviceable as food: skiwanks ka-i p. the wild
parsnip is not eatable, 150, 2 ; p. wak ki’'tsag! how palatable is the gudgeon!
178; 1.; ka’s paki’sh the tpo-root is eatable, 147, 8.; shankish-pakish water-
melon. Cf. pp 146-150, also Kle’dsht-Pakishkni. Der. paka No. 1.

pak’lgish, d. papak’lgish (1) mess-table, dinner-table. (2) table: kek p.
ktek’hiehétko this table is notched. Der. pdka No. 1.

paklua, d. papaklua to howl, bark; said, e. g., of the cry of the prairie-

256 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

wolf: washam pakluipkash when the wolf howls at (them) from a distance,
133, 2., ef. 3. Der: paka No. 2.

paksh, d. papaksh canon, ravine, steep valley, deép gorge. Derived from
paka to break, as Span. quebrada is derived from quebrar, to break, to burst
open. Cf. gatkta, uka.

paiksh, pa‘ksh, d. paépksh tobacco-pipe; originally made of stone (Kktaf-p.),
96, 11-16.: laki pa’kshtga lakpeks shuyéga the commander lifted up ashes
with his pipe, 14, 6.; incantations: 167; 33.178; 12. Der. paka No. 1 (2).

pikta, d. papakta to tear in two, to pull apart, to jerk asunder; said of
long-shaped objects, as cords, bead-strings ete. Cf. pakiga, paktish.

paktish, d. papaktish one who tears, one who pulls apart long-shaped
objects. Cf. Yamnash-Paktish.

paktish, pa-aktish, d. pa’ktishap (1) elder and younger brother’s son; said
by uncle. (2) elder and younger brother's daughter; said by uncle.

pakuish; same as mbakuish, q_v.

pakdélesh, pagolsh, d. papdkolsh mule-deer; the largest deer-species in
the Klamath Highlands: Cervus macrotis, 74, 13.

pila, pala, d. pap’la, papla (1) to become dry, exsiccated, drained ; to dry up:
p- nanuk everything is dried up; ti’wish ndi‘Ishampksh paltki the rushing
waters to be left dry, 94,6.; paltko wélwash gi the springs of water are dried
up, 157; 46. (2) to be, stay, remain dry; to be in a drained condition. (3)
liver, 120, 2.—Contr. from pahala; ef. paha.

pala, palaksh; see pd&hla, pd’hlaksh.

pala-ash, palash, pl. ttimi p., (1) flow, K1. and Mod.: pdlasham wazogsh
Hlour-sack, flour-bag, 74, 10. (2) bread, 139, 3., KL: p. liklatko a loaf of
bread. Der. pala. Cf ktetéga, shdpéle.

palak, Mod. pélak; d. paptlak, paéplak, Mod. pép’lak (1) quickly, rapidly,
Jast, 142, 10.; swiftly, hurriedly, in a haste: p. pan to eat hurriedly ; p. shii'-
wan i! give me quickly! 138, 4. 5.; ké-i pAp’lak heméz’ i! do not speak fast!
(2) within a short time, without delay, at once, 144, 8. 154; 11.: ké-i pélak
shaytika to learn with difficulty. P. and pélak are used equally often in K1.

palakak, pdlakag, Mod. pélakag, d. pap’lakak, adv. (1) very quickly, quite
rapidly, without delay, 120, 10. 18.: p. nydkgi lapuk both became mothers
within a short time, 107, 12.: pélakiie shortly after this, 40, 22. (2) sud-
denly, on a sudden, 128, 5. From palak, ak.

paksh—palpali. 257

palakmdlank quickly, fast, at a rapid gait, 122, 5.

palala, palilla, d. pap’lala, v. intr., to dry up, to become dry: wélwash p-
the spring has ceased to flow, 173; 4. Der. pala.

palaléa to pull out, take out with the roots; said of certain kinds of lacus-
trine rushes, grasses etc., 184; 37. Cf patchnam.

Pdlan E-ush, nom. pr. of a flat rock emerging from the surface of the
Sprague River at low water; lies close to Weltkag-Knuklekshakshi, q. v.;
lit. “Water drying up”. Der. pala, é-ush.

palapéle, péallapéle, d. papdlapéle, papallapéli (1) to steal or deceive again,
for a second time. (2) to steal or seduce repeatedly. Der. palla, -péli.

paldshapéle, d. papaldshapéle, v. intr., to return for stealing, to go back
and steal or seduce: snéwedsh paldshapélak for the purpose of going to se-
duce (another’s) wife, 95, 8. Der. palla, -péli.

palash, palsh, d. pdpalsh dried-up place or spot; waterless space, spot left
dry by the waters, 94, 7. Der. pala.

palkish d. papalkish dried-up spot, dry bottom, dry river-bed. Der. pahalka.

palkuish, d. papdlkuish ancient river-bed or lake bottom lett dry long ago;
gulch deeply washed out: kikélam p. dried-up river, dry ditch; kokd&lam
hik p. mind tii there was a dry river-bottom fay below, 21, 15., ef. 22, 5.
Der. pahalka. Cf. kupkupéle, nti’Itsanuish, palash, uka

palla, d. papalla (1) ¢o steal, pilfer, purloin: kant watch gé-u p.? who stole
my horse? vi'nsh p. to abstract, steal a boat, canoe, 78, 8. Of. 35, 16. 21.
54, 6. 58, 13.14. (2) to cheat, defraud, deceive. (3) to deceive by seducing,
to seduce from, as a wife from her husband, or a husband from his wite:
tina sndwiids hak p. hishuiks m’na this woman once deceived her husband,
qS5 4. Ct 58, 1011; 61, 14. and nitn:

palpali, pii'lpali, d. papalpali, pipalpiili (1) white-colored, white, 146, 7.
149, 20.: p. tehikémiin silver, silver coin, silver money; p. watsatka on a
white horse, 183; 22.; palpalish shlapshaltko having a white flower, 146, 14.;
the vowels are dissimilated in: pii/Ipali kshi’n @ white (-flowering’) grass,
149, 3.; piiIpali shlapsh the flower is white, 149, 19. (2) white, light-com-
plevioned: p-tehileks, or palpal-tehtléks-eitko white man or person ; Ameri-
can, Huropean, pale-face; term standing instead of Bdéshtin, CiwWen ool
and Note; 55, 4. cf. 103, 5. Original form palpal-li. Der. pala. Cf.
mukmtkli, 6/Ishaltko.

17

258 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

palpiléga, unmeaning word sung by Modoes during games; formed by
analogy of yapalpuléash day-butterfly, 195; 3. 4.

palsh, d. papalsh, 94, 7. Contr. from palash, q. v

pimpaktish; see mpampaktish.

Pdmpi, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man, 77, 1. Not a KI. term; it is
probably the Shoshoni word pampi, “‘head”, in the sense of ‘‘ Large-Head”.

pan, d. pa&pan (1) to eat, to feed upon: tebiléks, kii’m p. to feed on meat,
fish; maklaks p. the Indians feed on it, 148, 15.; palak p. to eat ravenously ;
ptishish shitiga m’shash, p. hink ndinuk the cat killed a chipmunk and ate it
all up; yanan’sh pil p*ank eating the lower end only, 148, 2.; pa-uk for cat-
ing, 19, 7.; pa-uk shlink to eat after killing, 136, 1.; tid’muk kaftua pa-ulk
through hunger and abstention from food, 95, 14.; sta-dtank kaitua pat fast-
ing and hence eating nothing, 83, 2.; (at) pa-uapk tii’m ye shall eat plenty, 70,
4.; mbi’shant tche’k pé-uapkuk in order to cat it next day, 119, 16.; pa-
ulank after repast, 113,11. (2) to chew, masticate: kAtchgal p. to masticate
tobacco, 137, 1. Cf. kima’dsh, kptiyumna, pawa.

pana, d. papa, papa to dive, to plunge under the waters surface.

Panafna, nom. pr. of a chief of the Walpapi tribe of Snake Indians,
better known to the Oregonians as Pauline, Paulini, Palihi. Not long
after the government had concluded a separate treaty with the Walpapi,
dated August 12, 1865, this inveterate enemy of the whites prevailed
upon his tribe to leave the Klamath reserve in April, 1866; ef. 29, 2.
He fell in an engagement with scouting parties at a locality north of the
reserve in 1867. Cf. Note to 33, °. Pauline Marsh and Lake, about
sixty miles northeast of Fort Klamath, have since perpetuated his name.

panam, d. papdnam; also: pan, d. papan; locat. Kl. panut, Mod panatat
spruce pine, spruce: Abies menziesii; grows west of the Klamath Lakes,
in the Cascade Range. Its bark exudates a reddish substance used by
the natives as a red paint, called wikinsh, 150, 6. Cf. lépkash.

panani, d. papanini, adj., as long as, to the length of : udp panani being as
long as the hand; to the length of a hand, 148, 3. Der. pani. Cf. -ni.

pani, pani’, pan, pan, d. papani (1) loc. adv., prep. and postp., up to, as far
as, reaching to or up to: vu'shu p. reaching or coming up to the chest, breast ;

katlish pan down to the waist, hip, 90, 6. Cf. mba-ush, péniak (2) temp.

palpiléga—péAsh. 259

adv., prep. and postp., until, as long as: wiga pant, wigapani a short while ;
kaitua sht’ta tchi’sh p. shdlam nothing was done further till autumn, 36,
18.; shd’-dtanksh né-ulaksh pani’ as long as an agreement was being dis-
cussed, “8, 9. (né-ulaksh is here a verbal, not substantive).

pankoksh, d. papankoksh wading ford, ford which can be passed on foot.
Der pankua. Cf. kako’kish.

pankua, bankua, d. papankua to wade through, to ford on foot a river, pond,
lake, swamp, marsh ete. Der. pana. Cf. gé-upka No. 2, hashpénkua.

pandpka, v. impers., to desire to eat, to be hungry: p. a ni’sh, contr. pa-
népkansh, I want to eat. Contr. from panudpka. Cf. pan.

Papahuatk, Papa-uatko, nom. pr. mase. Kl: ‘ Dry-Eyes”. This name
was further explained: ‘Eyes turned upward with mouth open”. Der.
paha. Cf. pa’dsha, papatkawatko.

papalish, pl tumi p. (1) subst., casual or professional thief, purloiner,
filcher: ganta-p. sneak-thief, (2) adj, mean, abject, wicked. Der. palla.

papatalish, pl. tumi p., parasite, beggar. Cf. kAwantko, patadsha.

papatkawatko, pl. tami p. (1) blear-eyed, Mod. (2) raw-boned, lean,
meager, Kl. Cf. sht-isha, tehmi’tch.

papatko, partic. d. of paka No. 3, q. v.

papii’na to enjoy a picnic at a communal dance or at the inauguration
of a new winter-house. Every family contributes a portion of the eat-
ables consumed at this festive occasion, 75, 11. and Note. Der. pan.

papish, papi’sh, pl. timi p., av eater, devourer ; habitual eater of: nanuktua
nip gi I can eat everything, 158; 53.; maklaks-papi’sh alligator. Der. pan.

paipkash, pl. timi p. (1) lumber, doard, plank, sawed timber, 180; 22.: p.
walta gé-u a @é-ish the board cracks when I walk on it, 178; 7. 8.; papkashti
shi’tank box of lumber they make a coffin, 87, 2.; papksham 1t’lp knot in
board, 178; 7. Incantation: 155; 18. (2) whatis made of lumber: lumber
wall of house ete. (3) club, heavy stick, piece of wood. Der. paka, No. 3.

pipkash-shtshatish carpenter; lit. “lumber-worker”. Cf. shita.

paplish, d+ papaplish dam, stoppage of running waters, originally and
usually made of wood; obj. paplishash (for péplish), 94, 5. Cf. nakosh,
otilks, papkash.

pash, pa’sh, d. papash food, eatables, victuals, provisions, “grub”, 66, 7.:
tidshi p. a nutritious food, 147, 12.; maklaksim p. eatable roots, tubers and

260 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

bulbs, 91, 2. and Note; ef maklaks (2); pash-shushatish cook; p. dmbutch
Sood and water, 95, 15. 16. and Note. Der. pan.

pash, pash, particle related to pa, pd-ak, (q. v.) like lish to le, ti’sh to tu:
tua p. nt whatam I? 154; 13.; tamudsh pash nti tiména? do I hear some-
thing said concerning myself? 185; 38. Cf. pani, pat No. 2.

Pashayuks, d. Papshiyuks Prenchman. From Chin. J.

pashitta, d. papshitita fo cook: waitan pashiutdla an liiluish J have cooked
gooseberries all day. Der. pash.

pashla, or li’ldam p. to gather food for the winter, 148, 10. Der. pash

pashutta, pashdéta, d. papshtita, papshdta (1) to attend to the cooking, to be in
the habit of cooking. (2) to feast on, to have a meal: tchui sha shitchapélank
pashota then they built a fire and took their supper, 112, 20. Der. pash.

pat, pat, pa’t they, pl. of the pron. pers. pi, pi, q. v.

pat, pat, d. papat, postp in or to the size of: tzopo pat hi’pkatk, or: tzépo
pat-pani as thick as the thumb. Cf. pani, panini.

pata, pa'ta, d. papta (1) v. intr, it ts dry or hot weather, it is dry season, it
is summer. (2) subst., dry or hot time of the year, summer, warm season,
heated term: p. giula the summer is past; p-giulshémi after summer is over,
146, 4.; p. tehi’k about summer-time, 149, 5. Cf skéa. (8) subst ; see
mpatash. Der. paha.

patadsha, d. paptadsha, v. trans., to stretch, extend, to strain out: wawa-
kash p. she stretches both ears, 91, 9. Der. pat- in patpatli.

patak, pl. of the pron. pitak, q. v.

patampka, d. papatampka to commence to eat, 113, 5.: p. sha wawdlyank
they commence eating it sitting all around, 149, 10. Der. pan, -tampka.

patash, mpatash a kind of hat or hat ornament. Cf Note to 183; 21, and
lash tchuye’sh, under tehtiyesh.

patash, pata, d. paptash, papta; see mpatash.

patkal, d. papatkal to get up, to rise from bed, to rise in the morning, 87, 5.
134, 11.: mbusant patkélank rising the neat morning, 137, 2.; Walamskni
papatkal the Rogue River Indians arose from sleep, 16, 5.

patkalpéli, d. papatkalpéli (1) to arise from sleep, to rise from bed, 184,
11. (2) to arise from sleep every morning.

pato, d. papto; see mpato.

pash—piika. 261

patpani d. papatpani as large as, just as great or thick as: yantch tzdpo
patpan the yantch-root is as thick as the thumb, 146, 1. From pat, pani.

patpat, d. papatpat, adv. of patpatli: (L) rough but level, KI. (2) smooth,
flat: patpat shiita to plane, to make even, to smooth, Mod.

patpatli, pa'tpatli, d. papatpatli, papa’tpatli (1) rough and level, like cut
stone, Kl. (2) even, smooth, level, flat, Mod. (for tatatli, K1.). Cf. mpato.

pateha, d. paptcha to eat, as an habitual, every-day act; to feed upon habit-
ually: tsidlash patso’k for the purpose of feeding upon salmon, 189; 2.3; Atui
patchat! take your meal! Der. pan.

patchyalip, d. patchzadlishap, papatchzdlip elder or younger sister’s son
or daughter; said by uncle. KI. for patchyaélap Mod., sister’s daughter.

paitchnam, mpatchnam (1) grass tuft, bunch of grass ; used in an obscene
sense for hair on genitals, 184; 37. (2) a species of lacustrine grass.

pa-ukish, d. papt’kish pasture land; pasture ground not fenced in. Der.
pawa. Cf. ktchinksh, niuligish.

pa-ula, d. pdpula (1) v. trans. (for pawala) to take food, to eat: ni tiména
mat p. I heard say that he was taking food, 140, 7.; tnan pa-ula I ate some-
time ago. Der. pawa. (2) p., 113, 11.; verbal completive of paén, q. v.

pa-ttkish, pa-t’tksh d. papa-titkish reed-stem of tobacco pipe: Anku p.
pipe-stem made of wood. Cf. paka to smoke.

paiwa, d. papua (1) to eat, browse, graze, feed, as beasts: mushmush saigatat
p. the cattle are grazing in the field (2) to eat, to feed on; said of persons,
beasts, ete.: tehii/lish p ht he eats like a porcupine, 190; 14.

pawash; same as pdwatch, but a vulgarism and less in use.

pawateh, pawash, d. papdwatch, papawash (1) tongue. Cf. pélka. (2)
an edible, tongue-shaped tap-root of sweet taste, smaller than the ko’l-
root, 148, 7-10. (3) beet, carrot: taktakli p. red beet. Der. pawa.

piivdsha, d. piipi’dsha to simulate sickness.

pi’dshit, pddshit (1) to-day, this day: p. or padshit waita to-day; p.
tchgaki tt is cold to-day. Cf. ménik. (2) at the time being: p.sko’ (Mod.)
when it was just spring time, 54, 2.; gen padshit i’lhulsh in the present year.

pi “hpish, a prettily colored or spotted species of owl.

pi’ka, d. piipka, mantle or blanket of Indian manufacture enveloping

the whole body.

262 KLAMATH ~- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

pikpa’kli, d. paipakpi’kli gray, gray-tinted ; the hue of many water-birds.

pi’ktgi, d. pepii’ktgi (% long) (1) to dawn; to appear, said of daylight:
atuti pii’ytei it dawns already, 182; 5.; pi’ ktgish li’pia wénga they died
before dawn, 24, 11.; mbi’shan pii‘ktgisht next morning after daylight,
before sunrise, 54, 7., Mod.; nad pii’ktgist gékiamna at dawn we surrounded
(them), 21, 14. (2) v. intr., fo pass, remain or stop at a place at dawn,
sunrise: tt’ nat yainatat p. on the distant hills we were at dawn, 31, 4. (3)
subst., the dawn of day; early hours, morning. Der. piik- in pilkpii’‘kli.
Cf. ni‘lka, pii’dshit, ta’ytka.

pin, pi/nak, pi/niak; see pé’n, pénak, péniak.

pi’ni, d. piipii’ni, a species of grass, 3 to 5 feet long, used in the manu-
facture of coarse mats to cover small lodges: pe‘ni sté-ulash mat made of
the pda'ni-grass.

pa patchle, 112, 6.; see petchdli.

pé-ip, pii-ip, pe’p (pii’p, pii’v), obj. pé-ia, pii’ya, poss. péyalam, abbr.
péyam, d. pé-ishap daughter: gé-u tnakam p. my son’s daughter; gé-u
péyalam vi’nak my daughter's son; lakiam pé-ia the chief’s daughter, 190;
11.; PAmpiam pii’-ia Pampi’s daughter, 77, 1; cf 4.

péyala, pé-iala to give birth to a daughter. Cf. ndanii’yala.

pékalui, d. pépzalui to be an accomplice.

pékash, d. pépkash strap for holding saddles ete., cut from the hide of
horses, elks and other animals. Cf. pukéwish (2).

pekéwa, d. pepkéwa to break to pieces, smash, smash up, destroy by break-
ing; said of a plurality of round-shaped or bulky objects: tehti p. tat-
zélampani shapash then he broke to pieces one half of the moons, 105, 12.
Der. kéwa, q. v. Cf. pé’ksh, péksha.

péksh, d. pépaksh rubbing stone; the small mealing stone used on the
lématch or flat, large mealing-stone. Cf. lémateh, shilaklkish.

péksha, d. pepaksha to grind, to grind into flour, powder or atoms, mash
jine by means of the mealing apparatus, 74, 9. 146, 4.: p. lematchatka
to grind on the flat mealing stone or metate, 149, 7.; pekshdéla to cease, stop
grinding, 149, 8. Der. pée’ksh. Cf. gama, ndshapka, tanua.

pékshi, d. pepakshi; same as péksha, q. v.

pélak, d pép’lak, Mod. for palak KI, q. v.

pikp#kli—péntech. 263

pélakag, pélak ak, Mod. for pélakak KL, q_v.

pélka, pélza, d. pépalka to lick with the tongue; said of persons and ani-
mals: pélya pawatch to put the tongue out. Cf. p’lai.

pélyatana, d pepalzatana to lick with the tongue repeatedly or continuously;
to lick something in its whole length: pushish eé-u nép p. a cat licks my hand.

pélpela, d. pepélpela to work, to perform labor: pé'lpela, d. pepé'lpela
(e long) to work for oneself or for somebody; E-ukshiki’shash pélpéliash
hundshak to work gratuitously for the Lake Indians, 35,18. Cf. ltilpalpalia.

pélpela to murmwu, to talk indistinctly. Cf. the suffix -péli.

pelpeliéga, d. pepelpeliéea to commence to work, 104, 3. KK.

pelpeltampka, d. pepelpeltampka, 35, 20 ; same as pelpeliéga; Mod.

pélui, pi’lui, adv., prep and postp. (1) down in, down below: p. kékagtat
down on the beach, down in or along the hollow of the river bed. (2) farther
off, farther away. Cf. p’laf, spcluish, ttipélui.

pémptki, d. pepamptki to fall in a swoon, to faint, to become unconscious,
to take a fit: partic. pemptkitko one who has fainted.

pén, pén, pin (d. pépen) (1) a second time, once more, once over again: p.
humasht gi to say so a second time, to repeat; pen tchfa they made another
stand, 43, 4.; cf. 78, 2. (2) again, anew, repeatedly: k&-i ni p. kshin
shanaholi I want no more hay; kai-i pén no longer, no more, 42, 7.; p. na’sh
another one, 114, 5. 6. 8. 125, 6; cf. 34, 15. 16. 78, 10-12. 16. P. often
introduces a new item or sentence and thus marks progress in the narra-
tive; tchti piin hereupon, 91, 8. 103, 2.; at piin after this, now, and; ct.
42, 9. 43, 4. 94, 4. 104, 7.; the English again is often used in the same
sense. (3) and in numerals, 33, 6. 37, 20. 48, 7. 10. 20. 54, 13.

péna, 34, 6., Mod, emphatic form for p’na, q. v.

pénak, pii’n ak a second time, once more, 78, 11. 12. 120, 7. Cf. pé’n.

péniak, pi/niak, d. pepéniak naked, undressed, destitute of clothing, 93, 4.:
p- ko’ks without any dress or garments; stark-naked, 82, 9. Cf. pani.

peno’dsha, pini’dsa (1) to pursue, to run after, to hunt, to follow up, 17,
14.: gaggiaha pend’dsasam they hid themselves, being pursued, 17, 15. (2)
to reach after following, to attain through pursuit, to catch up with, 121, 20.
Pleo a2 or. Cf hudsha:

péntch, d. pépantch hunter's pit for trapping deer and other game. The
Pit River of California is named after pits of this kind. Cf. p’ndna

264 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

pep, pip, p’hi’p, d. pépap, p’hii’pap pine marten, sable: Mustela americana.
Incantation 177; 10. Cf. ske’l.

Pépakli, nom pr. fem. K1.; interpreted by “Dry-Skinned”, 141, 9. 12.
Der. pahalka, in the contr. form pa Ika.

pépuadshnish, d. timi p. spendthrift, prodigal, squanderer: nanuk-
tuanta p. one who squanders all his property. Der. piadsha (under ptedsha).

pet, pét, d. pépat, 24, 5.; see ski’lhash pet.

petéga, d. peptéga to break, tear; to tear to pieces, as cloth, paper; peté-
gank hi’mboks tearing the log to pieces, 111, 17.; ndnuk p. to tear into
shreds ; lit.: ‘to tear the whole of it.” Der. téga.

petila, d. pepti’la (1) v. intr., to be a midwife. (2) subst., midwife.

pétch, d. pépatch, pii’patch foot: lApi p. two feet, 149, 15.; lapok p. both
Jeet: p. skii‘tish tapidshni the left hind leg, 134, 14.; tf’nep p. ati gintégatk
Jive feet into the ground, 87, 8.; pétcham ndwalsh, Mod., ankle. Cf. kttika.

petchaga, d. peptchiga little foot, 91,9. Dim. pé’tch. Cf. petchdkaltko.

petchakaltko, d. peptchakaltko having a little foot, leg, small-legged ;
said of lizards, insects ete ; used mainly in the d. form. Der. petchdgala.

pétchaltko, d. péptchaltko provided with a foot, leg. Der. pétchala.

petchdéli, piidsho'le, d. pepatcho'li; by elision: pépatchle, pii’patchle to
step off from, to step down from: pitcho'le na‘shak he stepped down only one
ladder-step, 112, 3.; pii’patchle lapok wakish he stepped down two steps of
the inside ladder, 112, 6.; cf. 9. and Note to 112, 3.

pétchtna, d. pépatchtna to touch with the feet, to step upon, to tread on:
(wakish) pétehtnank when stepping wpon or down on, 112, 6.

pé-udsha, d. pepé-udsha to go bathing; to go and take a cold plunge: pepé-
udshak (for pepé-udsha ak) just for bathing, 82, 9. Der. péwa.

pe-uyéga, d. pepuyéga, v. trans., (1) to pick, lift, gather up; said of a
plurality of round or bulky articles: ktai pe-uyégan picking up stones,
125, 4. (2) to lift at one end. Speaking of one object, luyéga.

pé-ukanka, d. péptikanka; see Ittyamna.,

pé-ula, pii-ula, d. péptila, v. trans., referring to a plurality of persons,
animals, round, rounded and bulky objects: (1) to lay down, to deposit in
or upon: shliid tehitchililéka pii’-ulapksh shntlashtat he saw little birds
deposited in the nest, 95, 4. (2) p. or partic. pé-ulatko, numeral classifier
added to numbers from 12 to 19, 22 to 29, 32 to 39, 192 to 199 ete. and

pe p—pi. 265

referring to objects as mentioned above, and also to periods of time, as
days, months, years: ‘I lay down, he lays down ; laid down”, viz. “counted”.
Nadshgshapta tatinep p. Mo’dokni sateen Modoc Indians, 44, 1.: tina
hundred pén lip p. latchash one hundred and two lodges, 90, 3.; lapéni ta-
unepanta lap p. illo‘latko gi he was twenty-two years old, 55, 8.20. Cf.
33, 6. 40, 1. and Note, 43, 10. 15. 18. 56, 5. 105, 1.; used irregularly in
90, 2.; p. instead of pé-ulatko, 90, 3.; omitted in 54, 13. Speaking of
one object: kshikla, likla. Der. péwi.

péwa, pii’wa, d. pepéwa (1) v. intr., to bathe in cold water; to bathe, swim,
plunge, 83, 1. 144, 8. (2) v. trans., to wash or bathe; said of anim. beings
only: gé’k shash shfushuak pepéwa these girls washed each other (the
whole body). Cf. géwa, néwa, pana, tchiwa.

péwash, d. pépuash locality for bathing or swimming; bathing-place.

péwi, pa'wi, d. pépui; see liya. Cf. shewana.

p’gaship, d. p’gdshishap, Mod. p’gap’gaship (1) grandfather; said to or
of the grandfather by the children of his daughter. (2) grandchild; said
by grandfather to or of the children of his daughter. Cf. p’ligship.

p’gishap, p’ki’shap, d. p’gishishap mother, 54, 2. 55, 9.20. 91, 4-10. 119,
14-120, 8.: t’shi’shap p’ki’shap the father and the mother, 91, 1.; shapfya
p’gi’sha m’na it said to its mother, 105, 13. 15.; p’gi’sham-shitko nalam like
our mother, 119, 14. Der. gi; ef. ki- in ki’-adsh

p’gish-lilatko, d. p’gip’gashttlatko bereaved of the mother, motherless.
From p’gishap, lila.

p’gish-lalsh, d. p’efpgashtilsh deceased mother. From p’gishap, lila.

p’egt’myip, d. pgt’mzishap (1) husband’s younger sister’s son or daughter;
said by aunt. (2) mother’s elder brother's wife; said by nephew or niece.

p’ht’shka, p’htska, d. p’hup’hashka to tear off by hand, 1. Der. pishka.

p’ht’shkuish, d. p’hup’hashkuish piece torn off by hand.

pi, pi, obj. pfsh, pa’sh, pash, m’ndlsh, poss. sing. p’na, KI]. m’na, d. and pl.
pat, pat, pat, obj. p’ndlash, p’na‘Ish, p’ndsh, pé’nsh, pants, ptish; poss
pnalam, KI. mn’ndlam; pers. pron. of third person anim : he, she, it, pl.
they; vefers to anim. beings invisible, distant or thought to be at a distance,
and is usually procl. in the subj. case of the singular; pi génuapkug

himself proposing to go, 111, 4.; tehti hi/nk shfuga pi Shashapamtchash

266 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

then he (the wolf) killed Old Grizzly Bear, 131, 12., ef. 103, 12.; pi’ tehkash
né-ulakta m’na tinaka he then punished his son, 96, 19.; pi is sometimes
added attributively to the subject of the sentence; pi shki’shkish na-asht
he the fly-bug said thus, 104, 1.; pi p’ti’shap gé-u he, my father, 95, 20., cf.
132, 2.; kA-i nti shléa pii’sh I did not see her, 140, 11.; K’mukamts stili’sht
pits that K’mikamtch had advised him, 107, 15. and Note; bants’ for pash,
pa’sh, obj. sing him, 129, 3.; shli’sht m’ndlsh i shlin (f he shoots then you
shoot (him), 107, 15.; pa’t hashtaltal né-alyfig they disputed among them-
selves before taking action, 104, 3 Cf. 121, 21. 134, 2. Pi is used excep-
tionally of inan. things; g¢t pi tchua of this shape it is, the wdpatu-root,
149,12. To p’ndlash, obj. pl., the form shash is preferred by K1., by Mod.
po’sh: shishtika pi’/sh ka-A they fight each other vigorously; shli’wi bosh
the wind blows at them. For the poss. cases see p’na, p’nalam.

piash, pl. tumi p. (1) fore end or bow of canoe, boat. (2) same as ptlzu-
antch, q. v. Cf. piena.

piena to shove or scrape sideways: pienti'tkishtka p. they scrape (the ground,
kiifla) sideways with a scraping-paddle, 715, 3. 148, 16. Cf. pfash.

pienttkish, pieno’tkish scraping-paddle; a flat piece of wood used by
women when searching for chrysalids in the soil of pine-forests, 148, 16.

pila, pila, béla, pi’l, pil, d. pfpil, adv, only, but, solely, merely: wewéga pil
tchi’shi only the children being at home, 105, 3.; kémat pi'la nothing but the
back, 125, 9.; gén mbiishant pil this morning only, 140, 7.; ka-i ki’lank
pila i-t’ta they do not shoot in quick succession, 22, 9.; nanuk titadszatko
pil flktch every grave being provided with head- and foot-board only (not with
one board alone), 88, 2.; at mi’yk pi’pil hinta né-ulza the mole thus made
(each mountain) alone, 104, 4, P. is often added to parts of the animal
body in the sense of: bared, bare; kaké pila ntish skull, skull-bone; stlya
pil nt’sh gi’pksh having pitch on her bare head, 96, 6. Cf. kako, shki’sh.

pilhap, d. pipalhap sinew, strong ligament; said, e. g., of the sinews con-
necting the head with the back of man. Cf. mbiuitch, p’lin.

pilpil first menstruation. From Chin. J. pilpil “blood”; this from pil red.
Cf. yulina, mika, sttipui.

piltpantko, d. pipdltpantko fat of deer and other game. Der. p’lin.

pilui, d. pipalui, v. intr. (1) fo smell, to emit an odor, a flavor: k6-i p. he

piash—pitak. 267

was stinking, 134, 10.; k6-i piluftko smelling disagreeably, 148, 7.; shlips
tidsh piluitko the flower has an agreeable smell, 146, 13.; tsmo’k pi’ luitk
smelling after rotten fish, 146, 7. (2) to taste, to be flavored, said of food
and beverages: kt-i piluftko, or piluitko tainted, infected, musty; piluitko
tchtileks tainted meat. Cf. nddpa. ;

piluyéash, d_ pipaluydash (1) ad)j., what emits odor, flavor, or has a pe-
culiar taste. (2) subst. in: ké-i piluyéash (a) a species of wild, small onzon,
K1.; (0) onion, a kitchen vegetable, Mod.

pind’ptcha, d. pipnd’pteha fo blow out acandle, light or lamp. Der. pniwa.

pinsh, pintch beans. From the English

pint’dsha; see pend’dsha.

pipa (pépa), pl. timi p. (1) paper; sheet of paper, card, paste-board. (2)
anything manufactured or made from paper or card-board: letter, document,
book, newspaper, writing-book, cover of book, ticket; p. shnigo’dshna to send
a letter by mail, to mail a note, parcel; p. shnigéta, 36, 21. Mod., same
signification; p. hashashuakia to read; lit. “to speak to the paper”; ké-u
likiam p. iyamna nti I carry my pass-ticket with me; p. ht itpa he brought
the document, 34, 6. From Chin. J. pipa paper.

pipélantana, pipeldntan, pipélingshta, adv., prep. and postp., from oppo-
site sides, from or on two flanks or sides, on two or both sides or parts: p. ki-
dshash pectoral fins; lapul pi’pélantana géinta both sneaked up from opposite
sides, 110, 12; ki-i sii'ta pipélangshtan stafnas they embittered each others’
hearts, 78, 5.; pipélangshtant on either side, 80, 8.; pipelangshta Modok-
fshish likiash on both sides of the Modoc chief’s position, 39,18. Cf. 42,
18. 19. 85, 9. Der. pipil (d of pfla). Cf. shipapélangshtant.

pish, d. pipash gall, bile.

pishash, poss pisham, d. pipishash humming-bird: pi’sham shnilash nest
of humming-bird, 134, 18.; incantation 177; 25. 26. The species found in
these highlands is either Selasphorus rufus or Stellula calliope.

pitagidnggin, pita-kidnk, pitagi’nk, d and pl. patagiinggin, pron.
pers. and refl., he (absent) for himself, she for herself, it for itself; pl. they
for themselves. From pitak, giank. Cf. -gfanggin, itakianki.

pitak, pitak, d. and pl. patak, pa’tak, pron. (1) with emphatic significa-
tion: just he, she, it, they; but he, but she, but it; but they; often marks syn-

268 — KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tactic contrast. (2) pron. refl., himself, herself, itself, pl. themselves: kiti'ta
pitik nkash her belly burst up; lit “herself she burst as to the belly”, 105,
16.; pitadk sht-ita to paint one’s own body ; tchdshash tchla/lya pitakmanf
the skunk was drowned itself, 127, 12. and Note

pitiu, d. pipatiu dew-claw on middle part of a canine’s hind-leg.

pitkala, v. intr. to travel, move in any direction; said of inan_ subjects:
paishash pitkal the cloud travels Cf. itkal, nddkal.

pitliga to smear, daub or line over, as pitch, 96, 20. Cf. kiuliga, laliga.

Pit River Charley, nom. pr. of the headman of the few Pit River In-
dians settled on the Klamath reservation: 58, 4. and Note. His lodge
is but one mile south of the agency buildings.

piteha to go out through lack of fuel, to become extinct; said of fire, 85, 10.
and Note: pitchudpka Idloks the fire will go out; pitchdla to go out wholly.
Mod. for pitchka KI. Cf. shpitcha.

Pitsua, nom. pr. of an eminence about two miles SSW. of the Klamath
agency buildings. A fine view of Upper Klamath Lake and the Cascade
Range can be enjoyed from the rocky summit.

piupitttana, pl. ttimi p., fo go or move along something while picking at tt,
as at the bark of trees: 162; 2. Onomatop.

p’katehip, pka‘dship, d. pkaétchishap, Mod. pzapkadship (1) female
cousin; daughters of persons*related as brothers and sisters call each
other thus, 54,4. (2) daughter of a female cousin; daughters of p'katehip
(1) call each other by this term.

p’ki/ship, d. pki’pkaship son-in-law; said to or of the husband of an
elder or younger daughter by her father or mother. Cf. p’ke’shap.

p’k@shap, p’kii’shap, d. pke’pzeshap; Mod. for p’ki’ship KL, q. v.

p’ki’shap; see p’gishap.

p’ktlip, pzdlip, d. p’ktlishap, pzdlishap (1) grandmother; said to or of
the grandmother by the children of her daughter. (2) grandchild; said
by the grandmother to or of the children of her daughter.

p’kutehip, d. pki’tchishap, pzo'techishap (1) elder or younger brother's
son or daughter ; said by aunt. Cf. patchzalip. (2) father’s elder or younger
sister ; said by nephew and niece. Cf. p’shakip.

lat, pla-i, d. pldplai, adv., (1) above, high up, on an eminence; in the air;
] > | ) |

pitiu—p’laitalkni. 269

on high, 139, 1.; p. shlaps the flower or blossom on the top, 146, 12.; ef. 14.
(2) upward, uphill, skyward; p. (or p’laitala) ni’dsha to go to “the good
spirits”; ef. nf’dsha. (3). P’laf, nom. pr. of Sprague River Valley. (4)
P'lai, nom. pr. of the Sprague River, an eastern affluent of the William-
son River, draining Sprague River Valley and flowing past the settle-
ments at Yaneks. Cf. kéke (2), p’lafkni (4).

p’laiki, p’laf gi, d. p'laplaiki to be high up; to culminate: gitaks p’lat-
kishtka (or p’latkishtka gi, p’laikishtkak) sappish then the sun approached
its culmination point, 19, 12. :

p’laikish, platkish, d. p’laplikish, other form of subj. case for the more
common p’laikni, q. v. Der. p’laf, gi.

p’laikni, d. plaplikni (1) adj., coming from, native of the upper part of a
country. (2) adj., doing, acting from above; pl. shulipka to hand down
Srom above, 66, 9. (3) adj, what is high above, on high, heavenly; p. laki
the heavenly ruler, 134,19. (4) Plaikni, nom. pr. of the Indians living
along the Sprague River, so called to distinguish them from the Indians
living at Upper Klamath Lake (or in its nearest vicinity) on the outlet of
the Williamson River. (5) P'laikni, abbr. from P. Kéke, nom. pr. of the
Sprague River. (6) subst., the Christian God: p’laikishash hashashuakia
to pray to God; p'laikishash Idla to trust in God, 41, 17.22. Cf. p’laitalkni.

p’laina, d. p’lap’lina, plaplina, adv (1) upward, towards the sky; p. nt ai
ho’tsna I am running up the trees; said of the gi’wash-squirrel, 177; 14.;
p nt luyamna upward I travel; said of the spider, 175; 15. (2) up, above;
on high, in the sky: p. nti kshakidsha on high I am circling about; said of
the white-headed eagle, 165; 5. Cf. 167; 86.173; 6. Cf. p’laftala.

p’laina-hutchnéash upward-climber, an epithet frequently given to the
kénékan or gray squirrel, Sciwrus fossor, to distinguish it from squirrels
moving along the ground. Cf. p’laina (1). From p’lafna, hidshna.

p’la-ini, plaini, d. p’laplini (1) adj., highest, topmost. (2) subst., top,
summit, apex. Cf. hapa.

p’laitala, plaital, d. p’lap’litala, adv. (1) upward, skyward: p. nikualza to
Jall with the marked side upward, 80, 2. (2) above, on high. Der. p’lai, -tala.

p’laitalantni, adj., who or what is up, above, in the heaven or skies, 178; 1.

p’laitalkni, d. p'laplitalkni (1) adj., coming from above, staying, living or

270 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

being above, 139, 8. (2) subst., the Christian God, 139, 4; cf. 139, 1.;
p-shushatish preacher, lit.: ‘““God-worker”; p'laitalkishash hashashudkia
to pray to God; p. nt’sh shli’popk God sees me, 64, 12.; hi’nk p'laitélkni
shayudkta God knows it, 65, 4. Der. p’laftala.

p?laftana, p’laftan, p’l4-ita, d. p’lap'litana, prep. and postp , above, higher
than, farther up than: Nishaltkaga p’li-itan above the headwaters, 44, 3.;
plaita nétatka he extends over it, 73, 4. Der. p’laf. Quot. under hapa.

p’laitani, d. plaplitani, adj., upper, superior, what is above: plaitanish
(supply ttitat) nga-ishgdtko one who lost the upper teeth. Der. p’laitana.

p’lafwash, d. plapliwash golden eagle; so called on account of the
golden-brown color of the head and neck: Aquila chrysaétos L. The
blackish quill-feathers of this largest Oregonian bird (six feet span) form
an article of Indian commercial exchange; cf. 94, 9. 100, 2-9. 134, 8-11.
180; 3.; p-luélks spot where eagles are caught and killed, 100, 2. 3. Der.
plaf, wi. Cf. yatikal, ludlkish.

p’laiwashaltecha to go on a golden-eagle hunt. Cf. yauzalala.

pl@k, pli’g, pl. timi pl. flag, banner Cf. 14, 2.87, 16. From English flag.

Pl@nk, nom pr. mase., Frank; Plenkamkshi at Frank's house, 140, 4.
From the English name

p’léntankni, d. pepléntankni, adj., the one or those above, up, uphall;
that or those remaining, sitting or posted above, in a domineering position ;
also used as adverb: p’li’ntankni kinshakpkank pointing their rifles from
the hill-top or hillside downward, 24, 1. Der. p’léntant

p’léntant, plii’ntan, d. pepléntant, peplii’ntan, adv., prep. and postp.,
above, higher than, on the upper side of, on the surface or top of; p. tchiwish-
ksaksi overlooking (their abandoned) camping-place, 22, 1.; skétisham
népam yp. the back of the left hand; p. latchash in the upper story or stories
of the house, or on the house-top; p’lé’ntant ipéne’zi she laid on the top of a
basket already filled, 119, 11. Der. p’laina, -tana.

p’lin, d. pliplan to become fat, to gain flesh ; partic.: plitko (1) fat, well-fed,
corpulent; (2) subst., fat or grease of the animal or human body. Der. p’lt.

plu, pla’, peli, d. p’luplu (1) fat, tallow, suet, grease, 150, 9.; lard, bacon ;
oily substance: p. shtika nti I smell tallow; wii’'gnam p. wagon-grease or

wagon-oil; p. itchua to rub with fat, oil or grease, 95,17. (2) Plu, nom.

p’laitana—p’nankuish. Oye]

pr. of the head-chief of the Klamath Lake tribe, referring to his fat,
stout exterior, and corrupted into “Blow” by the Americans. He was
one of the signers of the treaty of 1864: P. laki tatasyénini Blow is head-
Chiejn 5S lene Cis, 08s 2.66, 9.
p’luigship, Mod. p'li’kshap, d. p’la’gshishap (1) grandfather; said to or
of the grandfather by the children of his son, 96, 13. (2) grandchild;
said by the grandfather to or of the children of his sons. Cf. p’gaship.
p’luki’tchip, d. pliki’tchishap (1) mother’s elder or younger brother;
said by nephew and niece. (2) father’s elder brother; said by niece.
p’na, pnd Mod., m’na, m’né K1., pron. poss. of the third person sing.
anim., and referring to absence or distance: his, her, its; his, hers, its. It
is the poss. case of pi, pi, q. v., and is quite distinct in its use from kélam,
kékélam, hinkélam, gq. v.; wi’la m’na tnakag he asked his young son, 109,
17.; nélya m’na tchityesh he laid down his hat, 112, \8., cf. 71, 2. 105, 14.
15. 112, 13.; e¢émpélan p’na shne-ipakshtat returning to his hearth, 36, 4.;
hadnshish m’na the article sucked out by him, 68, 7.; m’ndtoks sha watch
shéshatui but they barter off his horses, 88, 5.; héshl’a hi péna she’shash
shiimaluash he showed (him) that he had written his own name; pena being
an emphatic Mod. form of p’na, for p’natak his own, 34, 6.; m’natant
yikitat into her basket, 119, 11.
p’nalam Mod. m’ndilam KL, pron. poss of the third person pl. anim.,
their, theirs: shuldtish p. their garments, 91, 3.; klewidshnank m’ndélam
wewéash leaving their offspring at home, 118, 3. Cf. 65, 20. 134, 3.
p’nalamtak Mod., m’ndlamtak K1., pron. poss. pl. (1) emphatic: but thecr,
just theirs; often marks syntactic contrast. (2) their own.
p’nana, v. trans. (1) to bury, inhume, inter. (2) to store underground.
p’nanip, d. p’ndnishap, father’s elder or younger brother’s daughter:
female cousin; laki heméze p’ndna p’na the chief said to his cousin, 39, 22.
p’nankish graveyard, place to bury, burying-ground. Cf. tchpinu.
P’nanksi, nom. pr. of the Indian burying-ground in the woods on the
Williamson River. It includes the old cremation-place, and at present
its aspect differs but little from that of our cemeteries. Der. p’nana.
p’nankuish, pl. timi p., caché; spot where provisions etc. are stored
underground, Der. p’nana.

272 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

p’natak, pnatok, Mod., m’natak KI., pron. poss. emphat.: (1) but his, but
her, hers, ov its; just his ete.; often marks syntactic contrast. (2) his own,
her or its own: pnatak kiiflatat in his own country, 39, 7.; pnata tebuli’sh
tédsha to wash one’s own shirt, Mod.; m’ndtak tnakag for his own little son,
109, 14.; m’ndtak shakta her own bone-awl, 112,12. From p’na, tak (q. v.).

p’ni, pent, pl. ttmi p., wild garlic; a species of Allium. Cf. pniwa.

pniudaktdna, d. pnipnudaktina to blow into, as into a tube: pn. katch-
annat snawedsh he blew the woman into a pine log, 111, 16. Der. pniwa.

pni-ukshla, d. pnipni’kshla (1) to blow with the mouth; to puff ar out.
(2) to extinguish by blowing. Der. pniwa.

pni-ukshna, d. pnipnikshna; same as pni-ukshla, q. v.

pniulina, d. pnipnulina (1) to blow out of, to blow down. (2) to blow away,
as dust, flies etc. Der. pniwa.

pniutakta, d. pnipnutakta, fo blow into; said of long-shaped objects; p.
shash shlélushtat he blew them into a whistle, 122, 9. Der. pniwa.

pniwa, d. pnipnua (1) v. intr., fo blow with the mouth. (2) v. trans, to jill
with air, to blow up: p. shi’pnush to blow up a bladder. Der. niwa. Cf. shléwi.

poka, d. pépka; see puka

pokanesh, pt’kanksh, d. pt’/pkangsh dandruff:

pokawish, pukdyuish, d. popza-uish; same as pukéwish, q. v.

pdko, pdko, pézo, pi’kt, d. pépko, pupzo, (1) cooking vessel, kettle; origi-
nally a wickerwork vase intended for cooking with heated stones; bucket,
pail: tehékéli p. bucket or kettle of yellow metal. (2) p. or twam p. eylindric
crate roughly made from spruce-bark, holding from one-quarter of a gallon
up to several gallons. They can be made water-tight, but serve mainly
for collecting whortleberries. (3) knot in a tree, plank or board; Mod
for ptikualtish K1.: kdésiim p. knot in a pine-board. Der. piika.

pokdéya, d. popkéya to pull out, tear away, as sticks, wood ete. Cf. putdga.

pokéti, pokoti, d. pupkoti tinned sheet-iron ; lit. “bucket-substance”. Der.
poko. Cf. watiti.

poks, po’ksh camass; see puksh.

poks, pl. timi p., mud, dirt, slush. Cf. Poksti.

poksalsha, pt’kshla, pdksla, d. pupdksalsha to dig, gather, collect annu-

ally the pi’ks or bulb of Camassia esculenta, 74, 4. Der. pi'ks.

p’natak—pshin. 273

Péksti, nom. pr. fem.: ‘“ Mud-Lark” ; lit. “mud on her”. Der. po ks.

pokudga, d. pt’pakuaga small bucket, cup or drinking-vase ; little vessel, jar,
or mug; goblet: pipakuak nanuktua ilydta small cups of various kinds they
inter with (the dead), 87, 4. Dim. pdko.

Pépamksh, nom. pr. mase., interpreted: “Hairy all over”. Cf. ni’laltko.

popo-i, pl. timi p., to drink; said of babes ete.: mai’ksh Ambu p. the child
drinks water. Cf. kdéko-i.

pdop-tsikas, a forest-bird living in the higher mountain ranges. Incan-
tation 167; 385. Cf. 180; 10. From pdpo-i, tchikass.

popusha, d. pdp’ptsha, a species of prairie-chicken or sage-cock, Mod.,
either Pedioccetes phasianellus, the sharp-tailed grouse, or Centrocercus
urophasianus, the sage-cock. See pi’pisha, KI.

pédp=wiiks, a species of duck; 180; 12. Der. pdpo-i, wii’-aks.

powetéga, d. popuetéga to cut into parts or pieces, to sever, to shatter.

pox (1) pox, or small-por. Mod. for gitaksh KI. (2) syphilitic tumor: pox=
ma‘shetko afflicted with syphilis. From the English.

p’shakip, p’shagip, d pshakishap mother’s elder or younger sister ; said by
nephew or niece.

p’shaship, d. p’shashishap (1) stepmother. (2) stepson or stepdaughter ;
said by stepmother Cf. kushlyatko.

pshé, d. pshépsha, adv., i the day-time, during the day, 122, 2. and Note.

p’shé-ip, p’sh¢yip, d. psh¢-ishap (1) father’s elder and younger brother ;
said by nephew. (2) father’s younger brother ; said by niece.

pséksh, psiksht, d. ps¢psaksh, psipsaksht noon, noon-time, midday: pséksht-
gitla afternoon. From pshé, gi’sh (or gi’sht)

pshe-utiwash, abbr. pshc-utuash human beings, people, folks; a plural
word occurring only in mythic stories, where méklaks, people, is found
less frequently. Some animals are discussing the most appropriate
limit to be given to the life of the p., cf. 103, 12. 13.: l/nshak i pshe-
utudshash shnult’/kuapkak you will simply frighten the human beings, and to
no effect, 114,11. Cf. 104, 1. 126, 11.

pshi-kékenish the planet Venus, when evening star. Der. pshin, gékna.

psikst, d. psi’psaksht; a word given as equivalent to pséksh, q. v.

pshin, psin, d. pshipshan (1) subst., zeght: p. tatzélam midnight. (2) adv.,

18

. a LST "eae eee
. 3 weet

274. KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

in the night, at night, 54, 6.10 83, 3.; pxtatamnish a night traveler ; nanuk
p., or nanuk p. gish every night, Note to 83, 3.; p. htintchna they fly at night,
145, 7.; p. ha at gitpampéle when he had returned in the evening, 41, 12.;
psinak in the same night, 31, 3.; tstti sa psin géna then they traveled at night,
19, 13; psin i-ita they fired sometime during the night, 31, 2. Cf. nishta

pshin-tatzélam (1) subst, midnight. (2) adv., at midnight, 113, 17.
Der. pshin, tzdlam.

pshi’sh, d. pshi/pshash (1) nose, nasal organ: tchaktchakli p. sharp nose ;
p. iwdlan (or iwdla) point, end of nose; tchékéli nti’Isna psi’shtat the blood
flows from the nose; pshisham kikéntchzish nostrils. Cf. gintehyish. (2)
snout, proboscis, nasal organ of animals. Cf. gi’nka, Lo’k-Pshi’sh.

pshtka, to twist: pstkatko mbuitch twisted thread of sinew Cf. nvhlish,
ptchdkatko.

p’talip, d. p’talishap (1) elder sister; said by younger sister. (2) elder
female cousin; called so by younger female cousin. Cf. shaptalaltko.

p’téwip, p'ti’wip, d. p’téwishap, p’tep’téwip (1) grandmother ; said to or
of the grandmother by the child of her son. (2) grandchild; said by the
grandmother to or of the child of her son. Cf. p’kilip.

p’ti’shalpka to call somebody father ; to call the father by his name, 96, 3.
Der. p’ti’shap.

p’ti’shap, d. pti’shishap, ptiptashap father: p. gé-u my father, 95, 20.;
nilam p. our father, 139, 1.; p’tisi m’na sapiya they said to their Sather, 101,
8.; p’tissap sam shktiyui shash their father sent them, 101, 11.; ptissisap
sham their fathers, 108, 4. Kl. for t’shishap Mod.

ptish-ltlatko, d. ptiptash-ttlatko bereaved of the father, fatherless ;
hishudkga, snawédshga p male orphan, female orphan whose Father has died.
Der. p’ti’shap, Ila. Cf. ko’hiegsh.

p’ti’sh-lalsh, d. p’tip’tash-ltilsh deceased Sather; p’ti’slilsham m’na of
his dead father, 100, 2. Der. p’ti’shap, lila. Cf. luclkish.

p’tutap, d. p’ttitshap, Mod. p’ttp’tap elder or younger sows wife; said by
his father and mother: daughter-in-law. Cf. p’kii’ship.

p’tt’tyap, d. p'ti’tzishap father-in-law, mother-in-law; said by elder or
younger son’s wife. Cf. késhpaksh

ptehdklya, d. ptchaptchaklya to pat, to caress by stroking or patting.
Mod. for ptchiklya K1 Cf. shashtashta, talaka, tateha‘Tka.

pshin-tatyélam— puekampéle. 215

p’tehikap, d. p’tchikshap (1) husband’s elder or younger brothers wife ;
said by wife. (2) wife's younger or elder sister's husband ; said by husband.

ptehiklza, d. ptiptchaklya K1 for ptchaklya, Mod., q. v.

ptchink so it looks; the ptchi united to gi as, which is nasalized into
-nk: lit. “thus shaped it is”, 149, 21. and Note.

ptchiwip, d. ptehitchiwip, Mod. ptchiptchuip owner of a slave; master or
mistress of slave: shap’sam p., a species of black caterpillar, often found in
hay or straw, 1 to 2 inches long: lit. ‘the sun’s proprietor”, a term evi-
dently referring to some legendary tale. Cf. pshe- in pshe-utiwash.

ptchékatko, pségatko, d. ptchdptchzatko (1) soft to the touch; said of
cloth, fur. (2) shaggy; said of bears’ or goats’ skins, Mod. Cf. pshtika.

p’teht’kap, d. ptcho’ptchashap, pteha’ptchkap (1) brother-in-law; said
by males only: (a) elder or younger sister's husband; said by her younger
and elder brother; (b) wife's elder or younger brother; said by husband.
(2) mother’s younger brother's son or daughter; said by male cousin.

pualdla to throw or cast upon, into: p. sha hinkélam tikanksh (ldlukshtat)
they throw lis quiver (into the fire), 89, 2.

pudsha, “going to smother you”, exclamation used by children playing
the lepleputéa-game, 120, 14. Der. puta.

pt’dshak, a red-flowered, small-leaved plant which produces the eatable
klapa-root, 147, 1. and Note. Cf. klapa.

ptudsho, d. pi’ptcho, species of wild vegetable of agreeable smell, some-
what bitter and strong to the taste; its root and leaves serve as food.
Said to be a species of Angelica (Umbelliferz).

pttedsha, puedsha, (ptiadsha) d. pudépudsha, peptidsha (1) to cast or
throw away, to reject as useless or undesirable, 148, 2. 4.; to scatter about:
shuldtish p. they cast away their garments, 91, 3. (2) to give up, abandon,
relinquish. (3) to spend, expend, yive away: tala p. to spend money, to
incur expenses. Cf. pépuadshnish.

puedshampéli, d. pepudshampéli to put to flight, to drive back to his or
their own home, 16, 2. Der. ptiedshna, -péli.

puekampéle, d. pepuekampéle to throw back, to return by throwing or
hurling back: kmi’ puiikampéle ladshéshtat he threw the scullcaps back to
them out of his lodge, 109, 9.

276 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

puélhi, d. peptelhi to throw down to the ground; to throw, cast down into:
maklaks ptielhi’ they threw (dead) persons into the lodge, 112, 21. and Note.

puélya, d. pepuélza, said of inan. objects: (1) to throw down, KI. (2) to
project, cast, hurl. Ct. ptedsha.

puetila to put underneath, to place below, 148, 17. and Note to 148, 16.

pti, d. ptipui (1) to cut into strips or fringes, as askin. (2) to adorn with
Sringes, as a garment; partic. puitko cut into fringes ; fringed, adorned with
Fringes; puitko ki’ks a fringed gown

ptish, btVish, d. pipuish fringe, buckskin fringe while not yet fastened to
leggings or other garments. Cf. push. “ai

puitlantchantko, d. pupuitlantchantko having pres on ; Fringed, 90,
1G." CE paitlniehisl

puitlantchish, d pupuitlantchish fringe, set of fringes, while fastened
to the garment. Der. pui.

pttka, pdka, d. pupka, pépka to roast, bake in a pit by superimposing grass,
then heated stones, 147, 11. 148, 9. 16. 18.: at sa po’ks pépakuapk they
will roast camass now, 74, 4.; partie. pikatko roasted; pukatk tehek after
being roasted, when in the roasted state, 148, 13. Cf. ndkla.

pwkalsh, or p. tehuyé’sh, d. pipkalsh, a sort of high cap manufactured of
elk- or buckskin in the shape of the vi’lal-tchuye’sh; now obsolete. It
was wide-brimmed and painted; cf. 90, 17. and Note.

pukewiga, puke-uiga, d. pupkewiga (1) small piece of leather. (2) small
leather string, buckskin strap, buckskin shoe- or moccasin-string. Contr. from
pukewiiga. Dim. pukéwish.

pukéwish, pokii’-uish, pokawish, puké-ush, d. pupkéwish, popzé-uish
(1) leather; p.ni’sh, pssht’m “leather-head,” ‘leather-snout,” opprobrious
epithets corresponding to our blockhead, dunce. (2) article manufactured
from leather: harness, rein, strap: pokii’wishtka wépla to bind with straps.
(3) fringe ov set of fringes on a skin garment.

Puikish, “Camass-Baker,” nom. pr. of the Klamath Lake man whose
unexpected death caused the arraignment of Doctor John for man-
slaughter through witcheraft. Cf. pp. 64-68. Der. ptika.

pWklash white of the eye, 71, 9

pukpok, a species of gooseberry. Probably apheresis of kptikpok,
kpo‘kpak, d. of kpo’k, q. v. Cf. Iiluish, pa’kpuka.

puélhi—pumtchip. 277

pt’kpuka to erack with the teeth, to bite audibly, 119, 9. Onomatop.

pwkt, pt’/kuaga; see pdéko, pokudga.

pwkualtish, d. pupaékualtish knot in a board. Cf. lt’lp, péko.

pukuish, ptkguish old or former roasting place, roast-pit. For pt’k-
guishamtat, 147, 10., see Note. Der. ptika.

puksh, po‘ks, d. ttimi p. camass, the edible, saccharine bulb of the blue-
flowered plant Camassia (or Scilla) esculenta, growing extensively through-
out Oregon, Idaho and Washington Territory, and forming in the roasted
state one of the principal food supplies of the natives, 148, 11-15. and
Note: saka a po’ks they eat camass. raw, 74, 5.3 po/kshiimi, pt’kshiimi in
the camass-season, 148, 19. Der. pika. Cf. Note to 164; 1.

Pil, nom. pr. mase. This name is pronounced Pol, Pi’l, Paul, Ball,
Boll, and is probably of English origin, 77, 1. 78, 9-15.

puilVhka, d. pupél’hka to pluck out, to tear out by hand: ni’ p- to pluck out
down-feathers by hand, 144, 1. Der. pilya. Cf. shupWhlka.

pulza, pwlka, d. pupdlza, pupé’lka to tear out, to pluck out: lash p. to
pluck out feathers from wings. Cf. puélya.

pwlyuantch, pdélokuantch, the chrysalid of a lepidopterous insect called
huntish, whose caterpillar is called syéshish. This chrysalid, one inch
long and § of an inch thick, is scraped up annually by the women of the
tribe, who find it imbedded in the ground around the larger pine-trees.
After roasting it is said to possess an egg-like flavor; 75, 3. 148, 16-18.
and Note. Der. ptilya. Cf. pfash

pwlyuantchla fo collect or scrape up the pilyuantch-chrysalid annually
or habitually, 148, 16. Cf. pientitkish.

pi’m, d. pipam, ptipom beaver; Castor fiber L.; pimam nakodsh beaver-
dam; pimam wish the beaver’s den, 185; 42.; pt’mam titatka with beaver’s
teeth, 80, 1. Ptimam ski’sh castorium; lit. “beaver’s wind.” The Maklaks
Indians place this substance into a ball-shaped, sometimes beaded, sachel
and wear it on the neck or suspend it in their lodges; when worn as an
amulet, its agreeable smell is believed to act as a remedy against sore eyes.

pumtchip, d. pupamtchip (1) male cousin; said by or in reference to
brother's or sister’s son or daughter. (2) sons of such cousins as descend
from brothers or sisters call each other thus. Cf shupumtchishaltko.

278 KLAMATH —-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

punua, pinuish, punud’tkish, ete; see bimua, binuish ete.

pt’pa, d. pti’pupa, v. impers., to bleed, to lose blood: pii’pa a n’s wiik I am
bleeding from the arm; my arm is bleeding. Cf. pépo-i, tehékéli.

ptpakuak, 87, %.; d. of pokuaga, q. v.

pupdnua, d. of bi’nua, q. v.

pupidsha blue-colored beads ; blue glass-beads.

pt’pisha, d pt’p’pisha sage-cock, sage-hen; it is either another name for
the shua’t-bird or designates a species related to it, KI. Cf. pépusha.

push-, abbreviation of pushptshli (q. v.) occurring in several terms,
when standing at the beginning of the word.

push, d. ptipash whorl, as seen on the cat-tail and many other plants; cf.
kti/ksam, 147, 3. Der. pti. Cf. ktuks, pa’shak, pai’shyam.

ptshak, d. pi’pashak little whorl; little bunch of pine-needles. Dim. push.

pt’shaklish, pushdklash, d. pa’pshaklish (1) upper partsof leg between
hip and knee. Cf. mbd-ush, tehi’ksh. (2) posteriors, buttocks. Cf. tu.

pushish, pl. timi p. domestic cat, K1., 133, 4. From the English pussy.
ptshka, d. pupdshka to cut off with knife, scissors, sharp stone or other
cutting tool. Cf. kttishka, p’hi’shka.

Push-Kiu, Ptsh-Kiyu, nom pr. of a headman of the Klamath Lake
tribe, living at Yd-aga, the brother of Kiltiamtch, q. v., and a signer of
the treaty of 1864. From push- (im pushptshli), ktu.

ptishkuish, d. pupdshkuisl piece cut off with knife or scissors; portion
cut or shorn off. Der ptishka.

pWshzam twig, limb, bough of coniferous trees, on which the pi’shak, q. v.,
erow: p. kapkalam the branches of the kapka-pine, 150, 2.

pushpush, d. ptipashpush, adv. of pushptshli black: pushptshuk (for
pushptsh hfik) shlé‘sh appears dark; lit. “it is black to look at”; 73, 6

pushptshli, d. pupashptshli (1) black, of dark color, 13, 7.: p. gi’shti a
black hog, 128, 1. 2.; shlaps p. the flower or top is dark-colored, 146, 12.;
li’k pipashpush-tkani the seeds are a little black, blackish, 146, 3. (2) dark:
complexioned, 37, 6. 8. 182; 1).

ptita, d. ptitpta to have a choking sensation in the throat; to be smothering, to
lose breath, 127, 7.: tstii puta hereupon he feels choked, 68, 6.; pt'tank
smothering, 118, 12. 120, 6 ; puta’-a! smother! 120, 14-16. Cf. pudsha.

punua—sha. 279

putish small dip-net with a handle. Cf. putéga.

putdédga, d. puptédga to tear out, to pull out; said of grasses, weeds, hair.
Cf. palaléa, shupWhlka, shuptdéga.

putdéya, d. puptéya to remove, scratch away ground or sod. Cf. sputirya.

putputli, d. pttpatputli, K1.; same as patpatli, q. v.

putchka, d. pupatchya to spread, part the feet or legs. Der. pe'tch.

putchkanka, d. pupatchkanka (1) to move the feet or legs quickly. Cf.
shptkanka (2) fo hold the feet or legs apart. Cf. spikua. Der. pe’tch.

putehzash, d pupatchzash arrow-head diverging into two points on
lower end; made of deer-bone or iron. Der. ptitchka.

ptitehta, d. pupatehta to touch with the feet. Cf. hushpatchta. Der. pe’tch.

Sa St:

S alternates throughout with sh. Some words are more frequently pro-
nounced with initial s than with sh, and these I have written with s, although
both were made to form only one alphabetic series. In the conversational
form of language s prevails over sh before vocalic sounds as well as before
some consonants. Dialectically, sh, s sometimes alternate with tch, ts:
shkii’mla, sefi’mla, Mod.: tehgii’mla, tskt’'mla to form hoar frost. The prefix
s-, sh- forms medial and a few reflective and reciprocal verbs, as well as a
number of compound prefixes, like shl-, shn-, ete.
sha, sa, tsa, obj. shash, sas, poss. sham, sam, procl. and encl. pers. pron.

of third person pl. anim., they, themselves: sha hi’nk tt’kélya they stopped

on their way, 131, 7.; at mat sa waslala then, as reported, they hunted chip-
munks, 107, 18.; tsi sa hémkank so they speak, 58, 9.; kak at tini’yi tsa
who had just gone up the hill, 23, 13.: Lemé-ish hashpa shash Sk¢lamtchash
the Thunders handed them over to Old Marten, 113, 3.; pniutakta shash
shldlushtat he blew them into a whistlestick, 122, 9.; htitamszan shash
rushing between them, 42, 13.; Ka-akamtch wétanta shash Old Raven
laughed at them, 131, 3. 14.; kt-i sham naéktsh shit'ta he spoiled their dam,
or “the dam to them,” 132, 5.; nash wii‘ka sham kliika one of their babes
died, 77, 3. Sha may form compounds with other pronouns, as ht’dsha,
htksha, hi’ktsha, kée’ksha, négsha, and often stands in their stead, as sham
stands for ht/nkélamsham in 101, 11. 108, 4. 122,17. Sha is used in a

280 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

sense almost equivalent to the reciprocal pronoun each other in 58, 10. 11.
13 sqq. 100, 15.; ef. Note to 58, 10. and quot. under péwa. It is often
omitted altogether, when the hearer can supply it by the context, 144,
7. 8.; it may coalesce with the foregoing word, as in tchissa (for tehi sa)
thus they, 17, 17.; shtshi’dshapélish (for shtishii’dshapéli sha) they rebuilt
their camp-fires, 16, 5.; cf. li’luagslash 31, 6.; mats, 74, 4.; sé, 82, 4.

sha-akdAkta; see shakakta.

shd-amoks, d. shashA4moks (sheshamaks) (1) relative, kinsman, person
related through consanguinity or marriage; kin, kindred, 87, 6. 9.16. 111,
21. 133, 8.; shashAmoks-ldlatko who have lost relatives, 82, 5.; shi-amoks-
ksaksi m’na gen6'la he went to his relative ; sa-amoksimkshi nna at the lodge
of his relative, 88, 8.; k’lezapkim sh. the relatives of the deceased, 85, 5. 15.
Cf. ndnuktua (1), nigga. (2) friend; or collectively: friends, company,
party, 18, 7.; gé-u sh. my friend, 111, 15. Cf. shitchlip.

sha-apdé-a, d. shasha-apa-a to dare, to provoke, to call out for action: téwi
sh. mish nfi nen! shoot me if you dare! lit. “to shoot me I provoke you”.
Sh. is the word shapa, q. v., lengthened by dieresis.

sha/dsha, sd-atcha, d. shasha’dsha to perform a scalp-dance, 16, 11. and Note.

shahdka, sahdga, v. med., to breathe upon parts of one’s own body: an hi't
nép sahiga I warm my hands by breathing on them. Der. hdka.

shahamtya, sdhamui, d. shashamttya, sassamui to make come, let come,
to call to the spot, to send for, 66, 16.; the Latin arcessere: népatka sthamui
to beckon with the hand to come. Der. hii’ma. Cf. sha’hmiulgi.

shahiash couch, bed, resting-place: shdhiashtalA m’na on his couch, 112,
13. Cf. shaé-ishi.

sha’hlmaAlya tt is autumn, the fall of the year is at hand. Der. shdlam.

sha’hlmalyd‘tch the beginning of the autumn or fall season, 147, 14.
Contr. from sha’hlmalyuish. Der. shalam.

sha’hméka, d. shasha’hmdka (1) to call out, call to the spot: shtina’shtat
sh., Mod., to call out of the house; (sha) ndéna sha’hmdknok they halloo to
call (him) out, 71, 2. (2) to assemble, convocate by a call. Der. hii’ma

sha’hmutlgi, d. shasha’hmilgi to call together, convocate, assemble: shah-
mi/lgi Shashtiaish, E-ukshikishas ete she called together the Shasti, Kla-

math Lake Indians ete. in her capacity as a messenger, 54,17. Der. hiimdla.

sha-akakta

shayuaksh. 281

shahuadlta, shahudltana; see shawalta, shawdltana.

shahunk, 1384, 4.; met for shihank, q. v.

safga, shd-ika, zafga, d. shashiga prairie; level, grassy tract of land, treeless
ground, 148, 5.; plain, field, 30, 21.; mini s. wide prairie-lands ; saigatat
on the prairie, 107, 5.; sa saikiin (for saigaye’ni) géna they went to the field,
107, 2., cf. 6. Valleys are also called s., if grassy and not timbered.

saikAga, shd-ikag, zaikiga, d. shashikdga little prairie, level grassy land
of small extent Dim saiga.

Safkin, nom. pr. of Satken, a grassy prairie in the northeastern corner
of the Klamath Lake reserve, often called Thompson’s Marsh, and over-
flowed in certain seasons of the year. Safkiin River, which is the north
branch of the Sprague River, runs out of it The northern boundary
line of the reserve runs through this prairie. Abbr. from Saigayeé’ni.

shafkish, shafzish, d. shashfyish (1) name of a little black forest-bird:
sh. gtiluaga the female shatzish, 163; 16. (2) other name for the techakiuks
water-bird, q. v. (8) species of beetle, scarabee: sh. a-i ni kéga J, the bug,
am sucking, 156; 28.

shaipatmawa, d shashipatmdwa to hold a thin or flat article above another
of the same kind.

sha-ishash, d. shashishash secret: shégsha m’sh ni sh. gé-u J tell you
my secret; shapa sha hi’nk sh. they divulged a secret. Der. sha-ishi.

sha-ishi, (for sha-aishi) d. shashi’shi to keep as a secret; to hush up, con-
ceal, 78, 4.; sha-fshian fpka (Mod.) to keep concealed, secret. Der. aishi.

shay4kshua, d. shashidkshua to wish for, to desire.

shaydla, d. shashidla to groan, to moan.

shayantildsha, d. shashianti‘ldsha (1) ¢o put under one’s arm; to carry
off under one’s arm or arms, 186; 50. (2) to start, set out or travel, taking
along large-sized objects. Der. yantana. Cf. shaktila.

shay étszaka to choke, throttle oneself. Der. yétszaka.

shayuaksh, d. shashiyuaksh, shashiwaks, adj., always accompanied by
its object: (1) knowing, apprised of, aware of: siyuaks hii’mtcha kalak
having discovered that he is of the kind of relapsed (patients), 72, 3. (2)
expert, instructed, well informed ; intellectual, useful: nénuktua sh. informed of

everything, smart; kaitua sh. slow of perception, ignorant, obtuse, of no account ;

282 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ef. 41, 7. and Note; good for nothing, 114, 10.; tmélhak sh. the tmelhai is
of great help in the game, 134, 6.; shadkalshtat sh. expert, successful in
gambling; sh. tua hissuaks the man is intelligent. Cf.145, 9. Der. shaytiga.

shayuakta, d. shashiyuakta, shashfwakta (1) to recognize, acknowledge,
54, 15. (2) to know, to be acquainted with, to be apprised, informed of, 65, 4.:
pipa nanuk sh. to be erudite, learned ; lit. “to know everything from books”;
ké-i nti sh. I do not know; perhaps, may be; tsi nts. thus I am informed,
73, 8., ef. 20, 21; ka-ian sh. I do not know, 140, 2.; ef. pa-ak; sayudktant
(for sayudktank) kiifla well acquainted with the country, 16, 15., ef. 65, 4.;
nanukénam sayuiktish well-known; lit. “known by everybody.” (8) to
become aware of: sh. hi’nk nanuk hémkanksh he found out all about the
discourse, 110, 4. Cf. shli’popka. Der. shaytiga.

shayuaktna, d shashiyuaktna, shashiwiktna ¢o go and inform oneself,
39, 6.; ké-i kin pén kiifla shayuaktni’ga tehi’sh because (I am) not going
to learn of another country to live in, 39, 6.

shayttga, saytika, d. shashitka to learn: udi/damtchnish hink sh. hit
watchag, K1, this dog has learned swimming; ef. 145, 9.

saka-a, d. saskaé-a, shashké-a (1) to be raw, uncooked. (2) to eat uncooked:
saké a po’ks they eat camass-bulbs raw, 74, 5. Cf. shanki.

shakakaga, d shashkakdga to carry on one’s chest, breast. Cf. shdlamna.

shaka&kta, sha-akikta, d. shashakékta to reproach, blame, reprimand:
nt’tak sh. I blame myself,

shakaktna, d. shashakaktna, 41, 21.; same as shakdkta, q. v.

shakaliéga, d. shashkaliéga to start the game, to commence gambling, 99,
6 100, 21. Kl. Der shakla.

shakalsh, d. shashkalsh game, play of any description, 134, 6. Der.
shakla. Cf. laki (8), 1é-ula, 1¢é-una, léwa.

shakalsha, d. shishkalsha (1) to be in the habit of playing, gaming, gamb-
ling. (2) to play the spélshna-game habitually; shdikalsh for sh., 80, 6.

shakamka, d shashkamka (1) to deny, contest; to oppose denial to, 68, 11.
(2) to deny an averred, accomplished fact ; to dispute perversely, 64, 5. 65, 9.

shakamshia, d. shashikamshia to be lonely, lonesome, solitary.

shakamshinea, d. shashdkamshinea to be lonely, lonesome through fear.

Cf. shinamshta.

shayuakta—shakpaksh. 283

shakapstaka, d. shashkdpshtaka to cluck with the tongue. Kl. for sha-
kptaksha Mod. Cf. kaptcha (2).

shakatgd-a, d. shashkatga-a to be in earnest. Der. katak.

shikatla, d.shdshkatla to come, arrive, approach by the trail or road, 28, 2.

shakatpampéléa, d. shashkatpampéléa to engage in a horse-, foot- or
other race, 20, 13. Der. gAtpampéli.

shakatpampélégish, d. shashkatpampélékish race, mutual contest by
racing: horse-race, foot-race, swimming-match ete.

shakatehdlish, d. shashkatchalish san-halo: ship’sham wanam sh. yel-
low or reddish halo around the sun. Cf. séla, wan, and Note to 99, 3.

shakatchuala, d. shashkatchuala to place or lay upon, as a pack upon
one’s shoulders, or to hang a blanket over bushes for protection against
sun-heat or rain: tidsh sh. to protect effectively against the sun-rays, 193;
12. Der. aggiya. Cf. hishuggdya.

shakélamtcha, d. shashak’lamtcha to wink, nictate with the eyes. Der.
kéidmtcha.. Cf. kélamtchtamna, shuekaptcha.

shaikéma, shdkma, d. shashkma to play; to play a game. Cf. lé-una,
lé-uteha, léwa, shakla.

shakemawa, sak’mdwa, d. shashakemawa to mee! by previous arrange-
ment; to meet at a rendezvous, 29, 3. Quot. under hatakt.

shakémia, d. shashkémia (1) to play in somebody’s or one’s own interest.
(2) to play treacherously or deceptively; to pretend to play when deception
or treason is intended: malsh nti tatikiash shakémiyuapk J will play a
sharp game with ye children, 122, 1., ef. J5. Der. shakéma.

shikla, shikéla, d. shashakla (1) to play, to play a game. (2) to play for
a stake ov stakes, to gamble, 99,2. (3) same as spélshna, q. v.: shakéluk
shi-i’yagi yamnash while gambling with sticks they win from each other neck-
wear, 79, 1. Cf. 1é-una, Iéwa, shakéma.

shaklétkish, d. shashaklétkish (1) gamester, player ; professional gambler,
134, 5. 13.15. (2) small stick used in certain games: lit. “gaming imple-
ment.” Der. shakla. Cf. kshé’sh, shtlshesh.

shakétka, d. shashkétka to ask for repeatedly, to insist, as beggars do,
118, 5. Der. gita. Cf. shashkutkish.

shakpaksh, d. shashakpatch hatr-tress, hair-braid of males, worn on fore-
head and falling over the ears and shoulders. Der. shakpka. Cf. wéltash.

284 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shakpatanka, d. shashakpatanka; same as shakpatméwa, q. v.

shakpatmawa, d. shashakpatmdwa, to spear several objects at once,
(1) to pin together. (2) to gig two or more fish simultaneously. Der. kapata.
Cf. hashtatchméwa, mpita.

shakpka, d. shashakpka to braid one’s own hair habitually. Cf. shdk-
paksh, wéktash.

shakptdksha, d. shashaptaksha; Mod. for shakipstaka K1, q. v.

sikta, shakta, d. shdshakta, any long, thin and sharp piercing tool. (1) al,
mostly bone-awl (s. or kako s. bone-awl): kakéat sAktat skii’ntsna to sew
with a bone-awl; m’natak sh. her own bone-awl, 121, 12., cf. 14. (2) nail:
kiiki’kli hai s. (Mod.) this nail is made of brass or copper. Mod. Cf.
tchikemen. (8) table-fork, Mod. Cf. wakash.

shaktakla, d. shdshaktakla to cut or wound without removal of flesh. Cf.
shuktakla.

shaktdiktza, d. shashaktiktya to clap the hands. Der. kttika.

shaktifla, d. shashaktila (1) to take under the arm or arms, (2) to carry
under the arm. Der. gutila. Cf. shayantildsha.

shaktkaluish incision, wound, scar or cut by which no flesh was removed.
Der. shiktakla. Cf. shtiktashkuish.

shakual, d shashakual (1) v. refl., to find oneself. (2) v. recipr., to find
each other: inkutat sh. to find each other in the woods. Der. gawal.

shakuash, sdkuash, abbr. from shtchakuash, q. v.

shakuéash, d. shashakudash ball, play-ball; made of thread, strings or
other material: lii’wa shakuéashtka to play at ball. Cf. kawtta, léwash,
shakla, shakéma, shttp’luash.

shakuyash, d. shashikuyash; same as shakudash, q. v.

shakiha, d. shashytha (1) to miss each other, 37,10. (2) to miss in shoot-
ing or throwing; fo miss one’s aim. Der. kafhha.

sha’‘l, sal, d. shashal, sisal (1) a lacustrine or swamp reed of the genus
Phragmites, 4 to 6 feet high, a little thicker than a common lead pencil,
and used for manufacturing arrows, 180; 19. Cf tkap. (2) arrow manu-
factured from the shal-reed; see nté’ktish.

shalagedya to ascend, climb up; as spiders in the web. Der. laggdya.

Cf. Ityamna, shalamnidsha.

a *

shakpatanka—shalkida-a. 285

salakia, saléki, shalzi, d. sasdlkia, shashalzi to miss through absence or
disappearance of: saldkiuk Afsisas because they missed Ashish, 101, 2.; at
saléki ptissisap sham then their fathers missed them, 108, 4.

shalakla, d. shdshlakla to cut or slash oneself. Cf. laktcha.

shalakta, d. shashlakta (1) to cut off, sever one’s own foot or arm. (2) to
cut oneself loose from. Cf. lakteha.

shalaktcha , d. shashlaktcha to cut one’s own throat. Der. laktcha.

shalaktchui to put into, asa knife into the pocket. Quot. under payakua.

shalalalina, d. shashlalalina, v. trans., to pass from one end of mouth to
the other; as is done with the jewsharp.

shaldla, d. shashlala to scratch oneself, rub oneself against a post or tree;
said of quadrupeds. Der. lala. Cf. hlintana.

shalallish, d. shashalallish yewsharp; Pan's flute. Cf. shalalalina.

shalam, sh’hailam, shé’hlam, d. shashlam autumn, fall of the year, 13, 9.
33, 1. 36, 18. 54, 16.; sh-nzaltko withered by the cold of autumn.

shalama, d. shashlima to curse, to offend by the use of opprobrious terms, to
call saucy names. Der. lama. Cf. shlamia.

shalamna, d. shashalamna to carry on back. Cf. métk’la, shépolamna.

shalamnidsha, d. shashlamnidsha to climb up, ascend, go up; as spiders
in the web. Cf. Ityamna, shalageaya.

shalashla, d. shdshlashla to move, remove, as a table in a room.

shalatchgapshtish room in a lodge or house.

shalatehgudla, d. shashlatchguéla (1) v. intr., to be joined to, to be in
connection with. (2) v. intr., to join, to unite, to meet with others.

shalatchgudlash, d. shashlatchgudlash junction, connection: ni‘sham sh.
Junction of head to neck in animals, especially quadrupeds. Cf. lawalash.

shalgia, d. shashdlgia to put or place against something. Der. lékia.

shalgidsha, d. shashdlgidsha to go and put or place against; to throw
against, as against a wall, a hole, or opening: gutekui’shtala lgi’m sh.
they threw coal into the opening, 121, 15. and Note.

shalkakiamna, d. shashalkakidmna fo climb (a tree) by going around it;
to go around something, said of anim. subjects.

‘sAlkakish , shalkaksh necktie, bow-necktie.

shalkia-a, d. shashalkid-a to put on airs, to swagger; to be dandy-like.
e

286 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shalyita, d. shashalyita to suffer from a dangerous spell of witchcraft ; to lie
prostrated under, or to be bewitched by the spell of the conjurer or some
wicked spirit, 68, 1 (Note). 5. Only used in a passive sense, the active
verb being tawi, q. v. Cf. shila.

shalyitna, d. shashalzitna, 68, 10 69, 1.; same as shalyfta.

shalyuétgish starting-point; line from which the game is started, 80, 8.

shalt, salt salt: sh. ita; shewana ¢o salt, to put salt on; to salt down. From
the English. Cf. Adak.

shaltkala, v. impers., to be surrounded by a halo; said of the moon. Der.
litya. Cf. shakatchalish, séla.

sham, sam, poss. case of pron. pers. sha, sa, q. v.

shaménakta, d. shashménakia to express one’s wishes; to desire, claim for
oneself, 190; 16.; ef. Note. Contr. from sh’haménakia. Der. haméni.

samkaé-a, shamza-a, d. shashamka-a to stand out above, to rise from the
midst of a river, lake or prairie.

samkdé-ush, shamzi-ush rocks projecting from a lake or water-course, often
used as fishing-places; jfile or series of cliffs, 179; 4. Cf. samké-a.

Samka-ushzéni, nom. pr. of acamping-place on the Williamson River,
just below Klamath Marsh; the rocks projecting above the river afford
good opportunities for catching fish.

sha’moks; see sha-amoks.

shampatiaziéa, d. shashampatiazi¢a to jump or skip over beams, logs,
obstructions, 118, 11. 120, 4. Der. mbattyi.

shampatiaziéna fo start out for jumping over beams, 120, 2.

shamp0o’sha, d. shashampo’sha to knock one thing against another, to knock
together. C#. mbakla, mbika.

samtchakta, d. sasamtchakta, formed by metathesis from samtchatka,
and identical in signification.

samtchatka, d. sasamtchatka to understand, comprehend; to comprehend
the meaning of, 34, 12. Der. matchatka. Cf. shemtchalza.

shanatchvutla to take off; divest oneself of, as of a hat, 112, 17. 18.

shanda-uli, shandhdle, shanaho’li, d. shashnd-uli, v. trans., construed
with the verbal indef. and intentional; (1) to wish, want, desire: pélak hi

sh. shno‘ksh he is of a greedy, grabbing disposition; sh. itechampélish, gém-

shalyitu—shapa. 287

pélish he wanted to bring back, to return to, 54, 7. 8. 36, 10.; sh. kdnash
push shlepaktgi he wanted somebody to care for him, 36, 14., ef. 19.; ké-i
nti shanaho'le tt’ma shapash gi’tki gfug I do not wish that too many moons
exist, 105, 11., ef. 120, 1-5.; nfi’sh shana-tlitko although you wanted me,
186; 56.; cf. 95, 12. 111, 6. 120, 1-5. 129, 8. (2) to like, to be fond of:
ka-i ni sanahole Ampziinknishash I do not like the Wasco Indians; see
Note to 93, 7. 9.; ké-i shand-ul’ gé-ishtka gfug he did not like to go to,
111, 5.; ka-i nti sh. ké-eptecha snawédshash I do not take a fancy in a frog-
like female, 186; 54. (3) to need, require: minsh an ldtchash sh. I need
a large (or larger) house; i tehuyeé’sh sh. you need a hat or cap—The usual
KI. pronunciation is shanahd/li. Der. nawall.

shanhish, Mod. shidnhish, d. shashanhish rafter, 180; 22.

sinia-ish, shaniash skin apron worn by women; small apron: mbi-ush
s. buckskin apron. Cf héshlaklash.

shankakash, d. shashankdkash string of beads worn around the neck;
collar, beads, neckwear; usually showing a variety of colors.

sankawaltko one whose hair rises up stiff, in porcupine fashion; high-
crested, when said of the blue jay, 170; 61. Cf. samké-a.

shanki, shangi, d. shashdnki, shashdnyi (1) to be raw, uncooked: partic.
shankitko raw, crude, not cooked or roasted; shankitk giug while raw, 148,
13. (2) to be unripe; partic. unripe. Der. ndéka. Cf. saka-a.

shankish, shdnzish, d shashanzish raw, uncooked, unboiled: sh.=pakish
(commonly pronounced: shtngsp’ki’sh) watermelon; lit. ‘‘raw-eatable”;
sh. pan to eat uncooked; shanks (for shankish) hak sha pain just raw they
eat tt, 148, 21. Cf sakd-a.

shantchaktantko, d. shashantchaktantko (1) growing together, united
in the same lump or bunch, Kl. (2) manifold; triple, threefold, tripartite ;
Mod. Der. na’dshak. Cf. pakalaksh, shtchayalkatko.

shadla, d. shashdla; same as sha-tla, q. v.

shapa, sapa, d. shdshpa (1) to make known, indicate, divulge; to enunciate,
declare: sha-ishash sh. to divulge a secret; i shapa welisht just now you have
declared, 185; 44.; sha shtuli’dsha ké-i shaptki efug they enjoined them not’
to divulge anything, not to say a word, 120, 21.; yayaya-as, shui’sh sapa
the magic power, the magic song declares, 70, 5. 6. 72, 3. (2) to say, speak,

288 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

discourse; often followed by the very words spoken, at other times by
an abstract of what was said: ndé-asht kiuks spa the conjurer speaks as
Sollows, 70, 7.; shapttk when speaking about the matter, 65, 13.; sha hink
mishish gi’sh sh. they reported him sick, 140, 5.; shashap’i! shashp’a’t, at
shashpat! ¢ell on! go on with your story! Cf. gi (6), heméze, hémkanka,
hém’ta, shashapkeléash, shaptya, waltka.

‘shapash, sdppésh, shapesh, pl. ttmi sh. (1) sun: sh. a tinshipka the sun
ascends in the sky; sh. a. tinolénapka the sun is near setting; sh. a ktchalya
the sun shines hot; ti’sh lish at gi sh.? Mod., what time is it? lit. “where
is the sun now?” shap’sam ptchiwip a caterpillar; cf. ptchiwip; p’lai-
kishtkak sAppash the sun was going to culminate, 19, 12.; shappashti lak
the lord of the sun, 163; 15.; shdp’sam stuti’sh beams of rising or setting
sun, 179; 3. (2) moon: wash sh. sht'ta the prairie-wolf made moons,
105, 1., ef. 7-12.; sh. (or ukatkosh) k’leka it is new moon; lit. “the moon
is dead”; cf. kaltgi, shukudshka, tgélya, tgélymanka, ukatkosh. (3)
lunar month, lunation; moon as a division of time, and counted on the
fingers of the hand; there are twelve and a half in the year. La’p sh.
spalhi I imprison (him) for two moons, 61, 11.; sha’hlmalyo’tchtat sha-
pashtat in the moon or month, in which autumn begins, 147, 14.; nash sdpash
ecpgapétliuapk they would return after one month's absence, 93, 4. (4) clock,
watch, time-piece, indicator of day-time. (5) kneepan; so called from its
rounded, moon-shaped outlines. Der. shapa; lit.: “indicator (of time)”.

shapéle, d. shashdpéle (1) flowr, KI. and Mod. (2) bread, Mod.: sh. pan
they eat bread, 91, 2. and Note. From Chin. J. sdpelil flowr. Cf. pala-ash.

shapfya, sapfa, d. shashpia (1) to inform, notify somebody; to report,
announce to somebody, the words of the one speaking being given ver-
batim or ad sensum: sh. m’na p’gfsha ?¢ said to its mother, 105, 15.; lakiash
sh. she announced to the chief, 39, 21.; shdpi mi lakiash! tell your general!
40, 3.; wiuldgalam shapfyash after the young antelopes had related, 122,
10. Cf. 22, 16. 36, 1. 40, 6-18. (2) to say, to tell to, to discourse with
somebody; the words of the one speaking being usually given verbatim:
nti haitch sh. hinkak J told him the same thing—Mod. often uses sh. where
KI. has shapa. Der. shapa.

shapiytla, d.shashpiytila to come to an end in telling ov reporting; to

shapash—Shashapamtch. 289

notify fully, to give full notice to somebody: maklakshash shapiytlan having
notified the Indians.

shapitampka, d. shashpitampka to commence reporting, divulging, or
telling: nad hi’nkésh sh. we commenced telling him. Der. shaptya.

shapkatchaltko, d. shashapkatchaltko females related to each other as
cousins. Der. p’katchip. Cf. shaptdlaltko.

shapkua, d. shéshapkua (1) to paint oneself in the face; refers only to
painting with the red mineral paint (k’le’pki). Cf. shatzadsha, shatuaza
(2) to strut about, to put on airs. Modoes use this term of females only,
and in the form shapkud-a. Cf. shalkid-a, sh{pnu.

shaplash, d. shashpélash (1) concave, oblong wickerwork paddle, one to
two feet long, used by the women for beating ripe seeds from grasses
ete. into the seed-basket: shaplamtch, d. sdssaplamtch used-up, worn-out
seed-paddle; cf dAmtch. (2) plate, dish of wickerwork or pottery: sh.
vudsho’ka to wash, clean dishes. Cf. hashpo’tkish.

shaplka, d. sdssaplka shdplash of small size; small dish made of wicker-
work, rushes or earthenware. Dim. shaplash.

shaptdlaltko, d. shashaptélaltko, Mod. shashaptdlishaltko (1) females
related as sisters; sisters by blood, 101, 12. (2) females related as cousins,
descending either from sisters or from brothers. Der. p’talip.

shash, sas, enel. obj. case of pron. pers. sha: them, to them. See sha.

sassiga, shashdga, d. shashshiga to provide against danger, to take care of
oneself: sassiguk kaé-i géna I will not go if I incur danger, 93, 9.; sassigank
i gi! take care of yourself! 93, 7.; sassagasht hashuakla na’Ish he remained
with us, being afraid of danger. Contr. from sha-ishiga. Der. afshi.

shashdlkia, d. shash’shalkia to quarrel.

Shashapamtch, abbr. from Shashapamtchiksh, nom. pr., “Grizzly Bear
of the ancestors,” ‘Old Grizzly,” the mythic personification of lt’k, q. v.
This familiar name of the male and female grizzly bear does not occur in
conjurers’ songs nor elsewhere except in mythology, and alternates there
with Li’k, Likamtch, Shashapsh. Old She-Grizzly, the mother of two
cubs, is one of the chief actors in the burlesque story of the ‘Bear and
the Antelope,” pp. 118-123.; Sh. is killed by “Old Wolf,” near Modoe
Point, as related in 131, 12. Cf lt’k. Der. shapa, amtchiksh.

19

290 KLAMATIL- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shashapka, d. shashashapka cub of the grizzly bear; bear cub; familiar
term occurring only in mythologic stories and alternating there with
likaga, Wiyag: 119, 23. 120, 3. 9. Contr. from shashapaga. Dim.
Shashapsh. Cf. Shashapamtch.

shashapkéléash, d. shashashapkéléash (1) narrative, story, account
given of a fact, 77, 1. (title) (2) mythologic fiction, fabulous story, especially
dealing with personified animals; folklore, fable, myth, ‘‘old yarn,” 99, 1.
(title), 94, 1. (title). Der. shashapkélia.

shashapkélé-ish, d. shashashapkél¢-ish (1) narrator, story-teller, rhap-
sodist (2) expounder, narrator of mythologic tales; myth-, legend-, or fable-
teller. Der. shashapkélia.

shashapkélia, shashapkeléa, d. shashashapkélia to narrate or expound a
story or stories, to relate historical facts, fictions or myths, 94, 2.: shashap-
kéle-udpkan Afshishash I shall tell a story about Aisis, 99,1. Der. shapa.

Shashapsh, nom. pr., one of the Grizzly Bear’s mythologic names; in-
cantation, 176; 4. Much less in use than Shashapamtch, q. v.

shashkotdktalish, shashzutiktalish, pl. timi sh constant, persistent
beggar. Der. shakétka

shashkutkish, shashzotkish, pl. ttimi sh., beggar. Der. shakétka

shashtAamnish, pl. ttmi sh. stairs, flight of stairs.

shashtanuldédlash, shashtant’lolsh outside ladder of large sweat-lodge,
180; 22. Cf. ga-ulfi’lkish, wakish.

shashtdAshta, d. shashashtadshta to touch each other with the hand or hands.
Der. tashta. Cf. tashuldla

Shasti, Sasti, pl. tumi Sh. (1) nom. pr., Shasti Indian. The ancient
domain of this tribe was in Northern California on the Klamath River
near Shasta Butte, Yreka and vicinity and in Scott’s Valley, extending
also into Southwestern Oregon. A few Shasti still exist in Horse Creek,
in Hamburg etc., but the larger portion was, after their participation in the
Oregon Indian War (1855-1856), removed to the Grande Ronde, Siletz
and the (abolished) Alséya reservations, Oregon. The usual form Shasta
is a corruption of Shasti, Sasti, 18, 1.19, 1.54, 17; Shastiam maklaks
the people of the Shasti; Sastiam hémkanks, kiifla the language, country of

the Shasti; Sastiam mbt'shni the husband of a Shasti woman; nom. pr. of

shashapka

shataltiltimna. 291

a man called Ts¢lozins, q. v. (2) adj., belonging or referring to the Shasti
Indians or their country: Shasti miklaks a Shasti Indian, 55,9. Cf ndshdka.

Shastidga, Sastiak (1) half Shasti by descent, the other parent being of
another race or tribe. (2) nom. pr. of the daughter of Tsdélozins; “Half
Shasti”. Dim. Shasti. Cf. Boshtindga.

Shastzé@ni, Tchastzé’ni, nom. pr. (1) of the ancient seats of the Shasti
people on Middle Klamath River, in Scott’s Valley and surroundings,
California. (2) sometimes used for State of California.

Shastzé@nini Yaina, nom. pr. of Shasta Butte or Mount Shasta: lit.
“Mountain of the Shasti Country.” Also called Mélaikshi, q. v.

shashuaki’sh, 84, 1.; see shudkia.

Sa’t, Sha't, Sa-ad, pl. timiS., nom. pr. (1) Snake Indian; Indian of the
Snake tribe, a branch of the great inland Shoshoni race of Indians.
About 140 of them, belonging to the Walpapi and Yahishkin tribes,
reside east of Yaneks, in Sprague River Valley, and are mainly hunters
and root-diggers. Cf. pp. 28-31, and 13, 6. 18, 1. (2) Payute, Bannock
Indian; also said of other Shoshoni Indians of Oregon, Idaho, and
Nevada. (3) adj., belonging or referring to the race or tribes of Snake In-
dians: stuka Sa’‘tas lakias they killed the Snake chief, 28, 9. cf. 2%, 7. 8.;
Sa‘tas wats horses of the Snake Indians, 31, 13, ef. 15. Cf. mbii/shaksh (8).

sha’t, d. shashat (1) looking like a Snake Indian; large-headed (mi-nti'sh
gitko), as the Snake Indians are. (2) adj., unclean; disheveled, uncombed,
KI. (3) mean, inferior, of low character, Mod. Cf. Sa’t, Sha’tptchi.

shataknutla, d. shatashtaknila (for shatashataknila) to remove from one’s
own mouth; said of a disease, 153; 4. Der. takntla. Cf shatdtka.

shataldka, d. shashtalika (1) to rub, friction oneself. (2) to rub on one’s
body. Der. talika. Cf. shatélakish.

shatalidya, d. shashtalidya to look out ahead, to look forward: shatalia-
yapka to look ahead into distance, 121, 1.

shatalkiamna, d. shashtalkidmna to look about, look around oneself, 96,
4. Cf. shataltila, télish.

shataltifla, d. shashtaltila to look downward.

shataltilta’mna, d. shashtaltiltAmna to look downward constantly; to con-
tinue looking downward: Aishish shataldi‘ldamna gtként'ta while climbing
up, Aishish was looking downward constantly, 95, 3.

292 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shatapidltko, d. shashtapidltko related as brothers or sisters are to thear
younger brothers or sisters: sdtapealtk Tchashgayaks he was the older
brother of Weaslet, 107, 1. Der. tapiap.

shAtashi, d. shishtashi (1) to touch each other. (2) to shake hands: lapi
lAlaki sh. both chiefs shook hands, 35, 2. Cf. hishnya, nép, tashta.

shatashkakidmna to pass around while touching, to encompass closely:
wii'k sh. to embrace, to pass the arm around. Cf. tashta.

shatashpapkfa, d. shashtashpapkia to make the gesture of washing the
face. Cf. stapdtchka, tédsha.

shatashtaknfla, 153; 4; d. of shataknula, q. v.

shatashtatya, 1bas 47d. of shatatka, q. V-

shatdAtka, d. shatashtatka to make go out from mouth, to remove from mouth:
tud ki nf shatashtatzi’sh? what thing is it, which I did remove from my
mouth repeatedly? 53; 4. Cf. shataknila, takniula.

shatela, shdtéla, d. shashdtela (1) to tell to, to declare to somebody, 119,
5. Cf. hashtaltala. (2) to require, enjoin to do something, to hire into
service; mostly connected with the verbal intentional: sh lutatkatki he
hired as interpreters, 33, 3; sh. kayaktcha he hired for the pursuit of, 4}, 2.

shatélakish, d. shdshtélakish what is rubbed on or applied to the body-
surface: mashishtat shf-fish shatélaks salve; lit. “rubbing substance put
on sores.” Der. shataldika.

sha’tki, d. shasha’tki to be tired, fatigued; to be exhausted, as from travel.

shatzasha, d. shashatzdsha to paint one’s face; term used by KI. of the
red mineral paint (k’lée’pki) only. Cf. shapkua.

shaAtma, d. shashdtma éo call, to call out, to call by name; to invite, said of
the voice of the sage-cock, 135, 4. Cf. shétma.

shatmapéle, d. shashatmapéle to call back, to call home, 96, 6.

satndlha, d. sastndlha to heat the cooking stones repeatedly when baking
camass or other roots, 74, 4. This operation lasts three days.

Sha‘tptehi, adj., (1) looking like a Snake Indian; ef. Sa’t, shat. (2)
unclean; uncombed, disheveled; often applied to females, IK]. From Sa’'t,
-ptehi. Cf. aishishtchi.

shatuaya, d. shashtudya to help somebody, to be helpful to, as in work-

ing; to busy oneself for somebody, 75, 14. Der. shita Cf. hashatuaya

shatapidltko—sha-utama. 993

shatuayza, d. shashituaga to mark the face with small dots of pant. This
may be done with the tehpal or yellow mineral paint, ef. tchpal; with
the white chalk paint, cf. lipaks; with black paint, cf. lgf/m; led’
shatuaya to mark the cheeks with little round lgii'-dots. Der. tuéka.

shatchdktchaka , d. shashtchaktchaka to rub, friction against each other:
nép sh. to rub one’s hands. Ct. shatchdkua, shtidshoka.

shatchdkua, d. shashtchdkua to wash one’s hands. Of. hashtchékua,
shtidshoka.

shatchatka, d. shashatchdtka to lose part of what is staked in game. Of.
shakla, watchpka.

shatchlydmia, d. shashatchlyAmia to paint white one’s face or body,
while holding the fingers at some distance from each other: “to scratch-
pant.” The paint put on is chalk, 22, 21. Of. tehlakAdsha.

shatcho'lgi, d. shashatchd'lgi to contract the half-opened hand or Singers.

sha-ukaga, d. shashukdga to place or tie around one’s -neck, as a neck-
kerchief. Cf. shakakiga, shepukaga.

Sha-tla, sa-t’la, d. shashila (1) to provide an arrow with a stone-point or
iron-head, to tip it with an arrow-head. (2) to carry on head an object
fastened or not fastened to it. Cf. shdwalsh, tidshna.

sha-ulanka, d. shashu-uldnka to accompany, to go with, to walk in com-
pany. Stands for shawalhénka. Der walya. Cf. shawalinii’a.

sha-ulankanka, d. shashilankénka to accompany on a walk, trip, hunt,
travel; to be the habitual companion of, 100, 17.

sha-uldntcha, d. shashiléntcha to go with, to accompany to some distance:
nt’sh wika i sha-ulantcha! go a short distance with me!

sha uldntchna, d. shashildntchna, 21, 9.; same as sha-ulantcha, q. v.

sha-ulia, d. shashulfa to arm, tip an arrow with a stone- or iron-head for
somebody: taltsidgatat sh. to tip a boy's arrow, 107, 14. Der. sha-ula (),

sha-uldla, d. shashuldla to swing around, brandish above one’s head, 193;
10. Der. sha-tila (2).

sha-ungdltko, sha-un’kaltko, d. shashungiltko related as father to son
or son to father, 94, 2. Der. viinak. Cf. shepidltko.

sha-updlaksh, d. shashupdlaksh garter.

sha-utama, d. shashitma to wrap around oneself, to cover oneself with, as
with a blanket, mantle, quilt, 108, 5.

294 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shawalini’a, sawalhinéa, d. shashualinii’a (1) ¢o associate, to stay together
as companions, to be friends, to play together. (2) to accompany, to march
or travel in company. Der. wilha, under walya. Cf. sha-uldnka.

shawalinéash, d. shashualinég-ash (1) companion, associate; playmate,
mate, follower; Kl. for shitchlip Mod. (2) fellow-traveler, fellow-warrior:
sawalini’-ash @é-u my companions on the warpath, 17, 9.

shawalyza, d. shashualza (1) to present with a gift, to make a present, 136,
7. (2) to take revenge on somebody: nti mish shawalyuapk J will revenge
myself on you. Der. walza, d. of vilya. Lit. ‘to reciprocate, return to.”

shawalsh, sdwals, d. shdshualsh (1) arrow-head manufactured of stone:
kokéle sh. flint arrow-head; metsmetsiwals, mbt’ shaksh-sh. obsidian arrow-
head; cf. miitchmii’tehli, mbi’shaksh; tehikémen sh. tron arrow-head ;
shawalish for the more usual shdwalsh, 163; 50. Cf ngé-ish. (2) rifle-
ball, leaden projectile: mti'ni sh. cannon ball; explosive shell, 43,2. (3)
when used in connection with bird names in incantations it means crest,
plume-crest, feathers growing on head, 153; 2.; cf. sha-tla (2); for sdwals
177; 16. see yd-uya. (4) a small fish of the sucker species; probably
identical with shiwash, by an elision referred to in Note to 56, 1.;
sawalsii’mi “at the time of catching small suckers” about the commence-
ment of April. Met. for sh4-ulash Der. sha-ula.

shawdlta, shahudlta, d. shashudlta, v. intr, to tremble, to shake, to be
shaken, to rattle through shaking: kiiila nti ai sh. I the soil am shaking and
rattling, 176; 3. and Note. Der. walta. Cf. muimiya, tishtusha.

shawdltana, shahualt’na, d. shashudltana (1) to tremble, to be shaken up;
to shake oneself spontancously. (2) to make a rattling noise, to croak; wék-
wekash ai ni shahudltampk J the magpie chatter in the distance, 177; 17.;
wéketa nfi shahualtampka J the green frog am croaking on the soil, 178; 2.

shawaltdanka, d. shashualtanka to creep up, to move forward in a crouch-
ing position of the body, 110, 12.

shawdadltcha, d. shashudldsha to cover: sh. pitik to cover oneself.

shawdltehna, d. shashudltchna, v. refl., to go and shelter oneself, to go
under cover: shawaltehnish sli’ka wékwekash I the magpie am devouring
(my prey) while under cover, 177; 18.

shawash, tchdwash, tsiwas, a species of sucker-fish, small and palatable,

shawaldsha—sheggiatya. 299

found in Klamath Marsh and in Upper Klamath Lake, 4 to 6 inches long.
Apparently identical with shawalsh (4), q. v.: 169; 57. 180; 14.

shawel, pl. tiimi sh. shovel. From the English term.

shawiga, tehawfka, d. shashuiga, tchatchuiga (1) to become angry, wroth,
Surious, to be aroused to wrath; to be in a rage, fury: sawika hishuaksh the
man became angry, 19, 8.; shawigank heméze angered she cried out, 121, 2.;
partic. shawfgatk excitable, irritable, 93, 2.; shawiguk made angry, 123, 3.;
tchawika he became furious, 134, 9. Cf. 17, 8. 29, 2. 30, 9. 132, 5. 184;
v8. (2) to be a maniac, to rave, to be crazed: tchdwika mi/ntch shle-tiga
for seeing them he became insane for some time, 128, 9.; tsa’wik he ts
demented, 138, 11. In this definition (2) the form tchawiga is more fre-
quent than shawiga, especially in Mod.; kiludka ht tchawika he is an a
state of madness. Cf. tchawikitko.

sii-, shii-. For words not found under these initials look out under se-, she-.

shi’tti, situa, d. shii’shtG; same as shétua, q_v.

si/-ug, 29, 15.; see shéwa

Scarface Charley, nom. pr. Mod. See Tehiktchikam-Lupatkuelatko.

shedlya, d. sheshdlya to call oneself by name; to give a name to oneself:
nad sheshalya we call ourselves. Der. élya (A).

she-ii’ta, she-cta, si-ii’ta, d sheshe-ii’'ta, sheshdéta (1) to divide up, appor-
tion, distribute. (2) to pay out, to have pay-day.

shédshiila, d. sheshidshiila to emit, to ejaculate the seminal fluid. Der. fdsha.

she-étish, shdé-edsh (1) distribution, apportionment (2) pay-day; Saturday:
she-Cdshtat mat sha ndnuk shaki’Iki-uapk kshi‘ulyish on Saturday they
will all, as reported, gather for dancing, 140, 2., cf. 141, 5. Der. she-ii’ta.

shegapéle, d.sheshgapéle to return; to go home. Cf. gémpéle, gepgapéle.

sheggdtktcha, d sheshgatktcha to become scattered by going or running
in different directions. Der. sheggitza. Cf. gaytie.

fo)

,

sheggadtyza, shekatka, d. sheshgdtza, v. intr., to separate from cach other;
to break up connection, 36, 6. 43, 17.: B-ukshikni Modoki’shash sh. the
Klamath Lake Indians became separated from the Modocs, 13, 1. cf 3.; partic.
sheggatzatko, shezatgitko (a) separated, removed from each other. (b)
subst., space between fingers. (c) subst., interdigital membrane of canines,
felines, waterfowl ete. Cf. shékélui, shipi'tza.

296 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

-shé@ esha, sii’esa, d sheshdgsha, sesii’gsa (1) to speak out one’s mind; to
speak out, to declare, to explain, 95, 20.101, 18.; tstti huk sii’gsa nti hereupon
I declared, 17, 7. 65, 3. 7.; kAtak sh. to profess the truth, 65, 5.; sii’gs’ ish
(for shégsh’i nish)! let me know! confess! tell it all to me! 78, 4. (2) to
reply to; to inform, report; tinepni sii’ksa nd-asht five men made such a
report, 17, 12.; to announce, 20, 9. (3) to report unfavorably, to denounce,
to complain of. Cf. shaptya.

shegshéwa, d. shesheksh¢wa to tell knowingly, to declare understandingly:
katok ni gé-u siigsii’wa I am certain that I made a truthful report or state-
ment (\katok is used here as a noun), 65, 7.

shéyakua, d. sheshikéwa, v med., to break one’s limbs, as arms, legs in
one place. Der. yékua. Cf. kéwa (1).

shéka, d. sheshii’ka, sheshéka (1) to squeal; said, e. g., of the weasel, 155;
23. (2) to bid farewell, to say good bye: tchd shékug mi’sh nti shnitka ne’p!
now to say good bye I shake hands with you! 87, 14., ef. 15.

shekakteha, d. sheshkéktcha to return blows, to fight back: kaé-i sh. to
avoid fighting, to refuse to fight, £9, 9.

shékateha, d. sheshkatcha, v. intr, to become or be divorced. Der. kédsha;
lit. ‘to cast off from oneself.” Cf. vutédshna.

shekelaldéna, d. sheshkelaléna to cover up, to fill in, as a hole in the
ground: tst’tskam snti’lash sikiilald‘nank having covered with earth the den
of a squirrel, 24,13. Der kifla. Cf kéla-una.

sheké@1ki, d. sheshke’lki to heap, to rake together, 85, 11. Der. Kiiila.

shékélui, d. sheshakélui, v intr. (1) to terminate, to be at the end, to end.
(2) to separate, to part; to be no longer united: ka-i shékélui to stay together
in one body, to remain united. Der. kéléwi.

shekli’tza, d. sheshklii’tza to open and lay down flat, so that both sides
are visible; said of books and similar-shaped articles. Cf. shitchldétza.

shekliziéa, d. sheshkliziéa to walk on one leg, to hop. Cf. kléna.

shékpéza, d. sheshikpéza to beat, strike or hit each other.

shekta&kta, met. shektitka, d. sheshaktakta to cut in two parts or por-
tions; the d. form means: to cut these two portions into smaller portions.
The partic. shektaktitko, met shektatzatko divided into, cut up into, serves
to express arithmetic fractions: nddna sh. one-third; lapi tiinip sh tewo-
jifths. Der. ktdkta. Cf. shelatza, shendtza.

shé@’gsha—shéllual. 297

shektakuéla, d. sheshaktakudla to slide downhill; to play at sliding .
downhill. Der. ktekuéla.

shéktanksh line in hand, hand-wrinkle. Cf. shékitko, partic. of shéka.

shektlildéna, d. sheshaktliléna to skate. Cf. kteléshka.

shékutka, v. trans., to break, to break asunder: Anku sh. tatzélamtala to
break a stick in the middle. Cf. yékua.

shéka, shii‘ka, d. shéshya to pierce, punch, perforate: wawdkash sh. to
pierce the ear, ear-lobe; the partic. shékitko, sii’zitko cruciform, in form of
a cross, originally referred tc perforations, by which the piercing object
remains in the aperture after going through it.

shékish, d.shéshzish piercing, perforation: wawdkam sh. gi/ntatko per-
Soration of the ear. Cf. shé/lyish.

shekukédsha to gnash, grate the teeth. Der. kéka. Cf. kékanka (2).

séla, shdéla, d. shéshla; or ship’sham shéla: ring around sun; light-colored
halo around sun. Cf. shakatchalish, shapash (1).

shélakla, d. sheshlikla to cut oneself: stélapksh sh. ni gé-u nép I cut
myself in the right hand. Cf. shélyalua.

shelakteha, d. sheshlaktcha to cut one’s own throat. Der. laktcha.

shelaktchia, d. sheshlaktchfa to make the gesture of cutting one’s own
throat. Cf. shatashpapkia.

sheldtza, d. sheshlatza to divide among several or many; said of whole
articles only, which are distributed intact.

Sélkantko,-nom. pr. fem. Kl, “Shell-Nosed”; viz: wearing a long den-
talium shell in the nose-septuin.

shelyakdanatko, d. sheshalyakanatko (1) adj., striped transversely or_at
right angles. (2) subst., woven tissue. Only the d. form is in constant use.

shélzyalua (1) to be striped lengthwise, as a garter-snake (wishink). Cf.
Ikikimitko, Iketkitko, shelyakdénatko. (2) to gash one’s skin. This was
practiced by the Shasti Indians for the purpose of tattooing themselves
by rubbing coal-dust into the gashes. Cf. shdélakla.

she’lyish, d. sheshalzish nose-ornament; white dentalium shell inserted
through the nose-septum: ‘ose-quill”. Cf hashtka, shéka.

séllaluish, for séllualuish, verbal indef. of shéllual, q. v

shéllual, sdllual, sii‘lual, d. shéshlual to give battle, to wage war, to be out

298 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

on the warpath, to battle, fight against, with obj. case, 16, 1. 17, 19. -8, 11.:
kad sh. he fought bravely, 56, 1.; shéllualsh shand-uli he wanted to wage
war, 55, 13.; p’ndlam shelludluish in the fights fought by them or among
themselves, in their former hostilities, 55, 1.; lupi’ ndélam séllaluish (for
shéllualuish) guni’ta further than when we were on the warpath for the first
time, 21, 12.; sellélok (for séllualuk) when at war, or for the purpose of
warfare, 17, 20. and Note, ef. 90, 18.; shéllualpksh (for shellualépkash)
shash when they were engaged in fighting, 131, 14.; lapéni waitdélan shellt-
lo‘lash (for shellualdlash) to days after having fought, 43,18. Cf. p. 33
(title); 43, 12. and shendtanka, shiuga. Der. liwdla.

shéllualsh, d. shéshlualsh (1) war, war-expedition, campaign, 44, 11.:
shellualshe’mi during the war; the Modoc war of 1872—73 being referred
to in 55, 8.10. (2) battle, action in war: shelludlshgishi (Mod.) on a battle-
jield, 56, 6. For 55, 13. see shéllual and Note to 56, 1.

shéllualsha, d. shéshlualsha fo start for warfare, to go out on the war-
path, to go and fight: Wawaliks tapi’ sh. Dave Hill went to war for the
second time, 21, 1. (title). Cf. 25, 1. and Note. Der. shéllual.

shellualtéampka, d. sheshlualt4émpka to begin fighting, to start warfare,
37, 11. 12. 88, 20. 131, 13.; to recommence the fight, 54, 8.

shelloldétkish (1) implement for fighting, weapon, e.g, a club. (2) asort
of sententious interlocution delivered between the incantations by wizards
or conjurers, expressly declared to be distinct from the songs (shuish and
shuinétkish). Der. shéllual.

sheltapka, selddpka, d. sheshaltépka to button: yiimtctan séltapkatko
(or sheldapkutko) buttoned behind. Der. léviita (3).

sheltapkdétkish, seldapko’tch, seltépkish, d sheshaltopkétkish, sesal-
tapktsh button on garments.

shemashla, d. sheshmashla to remove to a distance; to remove or migrate
with one’s family to another place; to emigrate, 85, 14. Cf. médsha.

Sémiandi, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man.

shempéta, d. sheshampcta to quarrel; to argue. Der. mpata. Cf. shdpa.

shémteha, d. shéshamtcha (1) to hold a stick or pole in hand or hands. (2)
to move along while leaning on a stick; to go around slowly, to move with diffi-

culty. Der. é&na. Cf. émtchna, shikamba.

shéllualsh—shenoOtkatko. 299

shemtchalya, siimtsdlza, d. sheshamtchalya (1) to become aware af, to
notice: sh. Shashapamtchash pinddshasht m’nadlsh they became aware that
Old Grizzly had reached them in her pursuit, 121, 21. (2) to find out, to
discover through inquiry, 64, 2-4.; shiunti’tnuk s. to discover by singing
magic songs, 65, 16. Cf. matchatka, and 65, 2-8.

shémtechna, d. sheshamtchna to hold a stick or pole in hand or hands; to
swing a stick: nanuk shuéktish shéshamtchantk every one holding a willow
pole in hands, 80, 7. Der. émtchna.

shendtza, d. sheshnatza to divide among several or many; said only of
articles equal in size. Cf. shelatya.

Séndakliks, nom pr. masc. KI; interpreted by ‘Black-Painted”, or
having “embellished” his head with black paint. Cf. ndékta, shutpashui.

shengé@sha, shenki’sha, d. sheshngé’sha (1) fo shoot at oneself. (2) to
shoot at each other. Der. ngé-isha. Cf. hishlan.

shenittta, d. sheshnitta to exchange, barter, swap. Cf. shéshatui.

shendédk’la, d. sheshndék’la, v. intr., to cross each other, to form a cross ;
said of roads, streets or trails forming four corners. Cf. shéka.

shendédlakuish, d. sheshndélakuish promise, engagement, compact, 41, 15.
Der. shend'lya.

shend’lya, d. sheshno’lya, sheshnii’lza (1) to engage oneself, to compact, to
promise, 41, 11. (2) to form a complot, to plot: Lémé-ish sheshni'lya
shitkuapkuk Skélamtchash the Thunders formed a plot to kill Old Marten,
113, 13. Der. né-ulga.

shendtanka, d.sheshnétanka to fight, battle with bows, guns, pistols ete.,
17, 2.3. 20, 1. 22, G6 43, 8. 14. 90, 18.; tehiyunk sendtankash (for
shenédtanka sha) hereupon they fought, 22, 5.; nat kiyak shendtankatk
(supply gi) we were not fighting at all, 25, 1.; siindétanksi when or while
they fought, 29, 20. Der. niwa. Cf. shéllual, shtuga.

shenotankdkska, d. sheshnotankikska to come near fighting; to engage
almost in a fight, battle, 21, 3.

shenotank’htya, d. sheshnotank’hiya to fight for a while only, to
skirmish about, 20, 2.

shenod’tkatko, d. sheshno’tkatko (1) confluence, junction of running
waters. (2) affluent, tributary. Mod. Cf. né-ukish, né-upka, shutandanka.

300 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

«

shénua, d sheshdnua, Mod.; same as shénuya, KI.

shénuidsha, d. shéshnuidsha (1) v. intr., fo avoid, to go out of the way.
(2) v. trans., to turn over, to transfer to somebody, 35, 3. Der. shénuya.

shénuya, shénua, d. sheshanuya to avoid, shun, keep out of the way; to flee
before: shcnui i’sh! go out of my way! shentiyatko ni (supply gi) I am
keeping out of the way of, !84; 29 Der. niwa.

shepadlua, d. sheshpdlua to make an object of derision or mockery, to show
the long nose; to move the tongue in and out as a gesture of mockery.

shepdtza, d sheshpatza (1) to cut, tear, break asunder; to break into frag-
ments, portions: nad-igshtala, tatyélamtdla sh. to break at one end, in the
middle. (2) to divide, distribute the severed portions of an object among an
equal number of persons.

shepatehtila, d.sheshpatchtila to place one’s legs under oneself: shepatch-
tilank tchia to sit like a Turk or tailor. Der. pé'tch.

shepelpelatko, d. sheshpelpelatko acting on one’s own impulse; self-
trained, self-reliant, Mod.; tidsh sh. spirited, sly, smart, resolute, ‘‘up to
snuff” Der. pélpela: lit. ‘working by oneself.”

shepidltko, d. sheshapidltko related as mother to daughter or as daughter
to mother. Der. pc-ip. Cf. sha-ungaltko.

shepkédsha, d. sheshapkédsha to thank, to render thanks: sh. mish nt
TI thank you; na hunt’ hinkésh sh. I thank him for it. See under nd-asht.

shépolamna, d. shéshpolamna to carry on back, 193; 18. Der. p’lat.
Cf. hishplamna.

shepukaga, d. sheshpukéga to wear on the neck: partic. shepukégatko
(a) worn on neck or chest, tied around neck. (b) subst., to (or more)
oblong pieces of haliotis or mother-of-pearl shell tied together and worn on
the neck. Cf. shakakiga, sha-ukéga.

shésha, sii’sa, d. sheshdsha, siisdsa, v. trans., (1) to name; to give a name
or appellation; to call by name, 142, 11.; tehi‘huk sii’satk so he was called,
16, 7. 80, 19.; nd-asht shésatk called by that name, so called, 28, 8. 29, 1-5.
30, 19., ef. 143, 2.3.; shésha (for: shéshatko) watwash birds named waiwash-
geese, 189; 8. (2) to price, to put a price or value on: mi shéshuapka
i you will price at high; partic. shéshatko priced, valued at; kank shéshiitko

worth so much; tt’m séssiitko high-priced. (3) v. intr., to be worth, to cost:

+”

shénua—sheshzé@la 301

ge’ mi’shmiish lip’ni ti-unep tala sh. (or: shéshatko) this cow is worth
twenty dollars; kénk shé’sha shéllualsh the war has cost so much, 44, 11.
Cf. élya, hefhei, shéshatuish.

sheshalkosh, pl. timi sh. spectacles, eye-glass. Der. shlékua.

sheshalyakanatko, d. of shelyakanatko, q. v.

sheshalélish, pl. timi sh, fighter, warrior, brave; male adult Indian:
sessalo‘lish lakf war-chief (of olden times); Tébiash sheshaloli’shash
shdyuakta they acknowledged Toby to be a fighter, 54, 15.; sheshaldlesh
kéléya to become a brave, 90, 20. Der shéllual Cf. kilosh, shishdékish.

shéshash, shii’shash, d. sheshéshash name, proper name; appellation of
persons or things: mi sh. thy name, 139, 1. 9.; sh. élza (or simply ¢lza,
i'lya) to give, bestow, impart a name, 143, 1.; huna’shak sh, Mod., nick-
name; shé’shash shtimilua to write a name, 34, 7. Cf. élya.

sheshatud-ish, d. sheshshatud-ish person who wants to trade, dealer
intent upon a bargain, Kl Der shéshatui.

shéshatui, séssiitui, d. shéshshatui (1) to trade, barter, exchange, swap,
traffic: witch sh. shktitashtat they exchange horses for blankets, 88, 5.; lti'gs
watchat sésatui to barter slaves for horses, 20, 19.; shéshatuishtka hi’k
gi he is willing to or on the point of bartering, exchanging; cf. 75,10. Cf.
shenitita. (2) to exchange for money or valuables; to sell: kaila sh. to sell
the country, 34, 4. 5. Der. shétua.

sheshatuika, d. sheshshatufga to trade off, to barter, to give in exchange
for goods, valuables, 93, 3.

sheshatuikish, d. sheshshatuikish shop, warehouse, store-house.

shéshatuish, sessii’tuish, d shdéshshatuish (1) trader, shopkeeper, mer-
chant. (2) cost, cost-price. (3) price paid to parents for obtaining their
daughter in marriage: ndnuktua sh. m’na the whole marriage fee paid by
him, 58, 16. ef. 61, 8. (4) retail price, selling price. Der. shéshatui.

shéshatuishla to be about to trade off; to intend to sell.

sheshatuitka (1) to return from trading, bartering, swapping, 20, 20. (2)
to return from selling; to have achieved a sale. Der. shéshatui.

shéshiina, d. sheshéshiina to be sad, afflicted, dreary.

sheshzyatkatko, d. of sheggdtzatko, partic. of sheggatya, q. Vv. .

sheshzé@la, d. sheshashké’la (1) to act extravagantly, to behave noisily:

302 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

utiissusa-ash sh. the clown performs his tricks. (2) to act as conjurer,
wizard, sorcerer, Mod. Der. kii‘la.

sheshzeild-ash, d. sheshashzeila-ash (1) noisy fellow. (2) conjurer,
wizard, ‘medicine-man”; called so with respect to his noisy performances
Mod. (3) company of frolickers, revelers. Cf. ké-ika, kfuks, kii’la.

shéshtalkash, d. sheshdshtalkash wag, punster, funny fellow. Der.
talyea. Cf utiissusé-ash.

sheshtélkish, d. sheshashto’lkish (1) prostitute, whore, harlot. (2)
whoremonger, fornicator. Der. shetdlya. :

shétala, shétalha, d shéshtala to be in the presence of persons, while visit-
ing them (patients, e.g) Cf. shctaltcha, télish.

shetalAtka, shetalhatka, d. sheshtalatka to return from a visit

shetalyéa, d. sheshtalzéa to stand on one’s head; said of persons and
inan. things. Der. talka. Cf. heshtalzéash.

shetalyéash, d. sheshtalyéash top (as a plaything). Cf. talkidshe

shetAlpéli, d. sheshtalpéli to look behind oneself, to look backward.

shetaltcha, d. sheshtaltcha to visit, to call upon, as upon sick persons,
friends ete, 140, 10. Der. shétala

shétalua, d. shéshtalua (1) v. intr., to be reflected by the water or other
smooth surface, as of mirrors, panes of glass or polished metal. (2) v.
trans , to reflect, to reverberate; said of the same. Cf. shétala, télshna.

shétaluash, d. shéshtaluash (1) pane of glass, window pane; window, K1.
(2) mirror, looking-glass, Mod.

shétaluatko, d. shéshtaluatko possessed of: mt sh. possessed of many
things ; rich, wealthy, 189; 7. Cf. talaltko.

shétashtzyapksh, d. shéshtashtzapksh shoulder-blade, omoplate. Cf.
l4paklash, tchnfpal.

shétatza, d shéshtatya to frown. Cf. shitchdkta.

shetateha, d. sheshtatcha to wash one’s head. Der. tédsha. Cf. stapatchka.

Sétatsash, nom. pr. mase. Kl. “Wet-Head.”

shetzé-unaltko, d. sheshatyé-unaltko KL, sheshatzé-unishaltko Mod.
with obj. case: standing in the relation of older to younger brother, of older
to younger male cousin, 109, 2. Der. tz¢é-unap. Cf shaptdlaltko.

shétma, d. shéshtma to call somebody to come, to call out for; to request to
go with oneself. Cf. shatma.

sheshyeila-ash—shewdna. 303

shetélza, shiatdéléka, d. sheshto'lya (1) to cohabit, to copulate, to sleep with,
59, 3. 78, 7. 9.; hai Béshtinash shii’tolakuapk 7f you should cohabit with
a white man, 58, 15.; nad-iinds siitédlya to copulate with some man, 60, 1.;
mi’sh setii’lya to consort with you, 78, 3. (2) to stay or lodge with, 78, 10.
Der. shétui. Cf. heshtdlya, shéttipka, shina.

shétua, shi’tua, sii’tu, shéto, d. shi’shtua, sii’sti, shé’shto to count, figure
up, enumerate, 70, 8. 9.: shétuank hank (for hak) mi hemézish! speak only
im a slow measure! lit. “just count your speaking!” Cf. she-ii‘ta, shéshatui.

shetudya, d. sheshtutya; same as shatudya, q. v.

shétui, d. shéshtui, v. recipr., to shoot or fire at each other: lapok sh. both
Jired at each other, 37, 10; lit. ‘‘to pierce each other” Der. téwi.

shéttipka, d. shéshtipka to consort, to cohabit with: shii'tipk Sti’kuaksh
he slept with Little Squirrel, 100, 11. Der. téwi; iterative of shétui.

shetchakta, shetehAktna; see shitchikta, shitchdktna.

shéwa, si’wa, d. shéshua, sii’sua (1) to think, believe, assume; to form an
opinion, to suppose; the object being usually expressed by an objective
clause, a verbal, or a participle: ki’ sh. nti hi’nkesh I thought she was
telling lies, 40, 21.; & ni toks shiwdga sh. I assume that you are a virgin,
184; 37.; tidsh a kékatk i sh. you think you are nicely dressed, 189; 5.;
nanya ts sii’wa and some were of the opinion, 65, 15.; tami’dsh ktandshi
(for ktandshisht) shéwuk shutuyakiéa thinking that she might be asleep, they
bombarded her, 122, 1.; kawalii’kuapk sii’-ug assuming they would ascend
the hill, 29, 15. (2) to consider oneself as, 177; 20. 178; 3. Der. héwa.

shéwala, shéwal, d. shéshual (1) to state, affirm, 185; 44.; to aver, to cor-
roborate (2) to slander, to defame ; to be a slanderer, backbiter: witchagalam
wéash shii’walsh tiména I heard that this son of a bitch has imputed immor-
alities to me, 185; 3%.

shewana, d. sheshudna (1) to give, confer, transfer to; to hand over, to give
away; to donate, to make a present with; a verb used when many objects of
every kind or shape, or objects spoken of collectively, are transferred,
139, 3. 11.; watch sh. to transfer horses, 60, 14. 16.; ydamnash sh. he
gave necklaces, 96, 8. 9.; pash sh. to give food, 66, 9. 95, 16.; hi'nk na-as
sa ngii’-is siiwadna fo him alone they passed the arrows, 22, 21.; shewandlank

,

pa’'s after having finished giving food, 101, 20 ; (ni) séwanuapk patki gitga

304 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

mchiess I shall give (her) trout to eat, 136, 5. ef. 7.; shalt sh. to put salt on,
to salt. (2) to pay in more than one coin, bill, check or other means of
monetary exchange; see skiulaksh Of. kshttya, Itya, néya, shii, spunt.

shewandpéli, d. sheshuandpéli to return, restore to, 39, 11. 12. 14.; to
return things previously given, 109, 8.

shewanish, d sheshudnish present, gift, donation. Der. shewdna.

shewantdmna, d. sheshuantimna fo continue to give, 136, 7.; to keep
on handing over. Der. shewana, q. Vv.

shewaityza, sawdtya, d. sheshudtya, v. intr., fo separate in two, to fall
asunder in two; applied to the division of the day into forenoon and after-
noon: sh. shappash the sun culminates, is in the meridian-line. Cf. ga-
uldpka, shewatyula.

shéwatzash, sawdtzash, d. sheshuatzash noon, noon-time: shewityastka
at noon-time, 19, 10; shewatzash pint up to noon-time, till noon; sewat-
kashtka ndnuk watchpka about noon-time all the gamesters had lost their
stakes, 99, 7. Der. shewatya

shewatyztla, d. sheshuatztla, v. intr., to come to an end with separating in
two: sh. shappash the sun has passed the meridian-line. Der. shewatza, q. v.

shewatztlash, d. sheshuatztilash afternoon: siiwatzo'lsi, shewatzt'lsi
in the afternoon, 24, 6. and Note.

shewatlzyéash, d. sheshuatlyéash die, cube, cubiform body.

shewé-ula, d. sheshwé ula, v. med., fo agree to, to give one’s assent, 38,
10. Der. wé-ula. Cf. humasht gi, lewé-ula.

shewdékaga, d. shashewékaga to shake, wag: wa-utchig shashewokiga
kpe’l the dogs wag their tails.

s@-, shg-; for words not found here look under sk-, shk-; sk-, shk-.

sgt/mla, skt’mla, d. sgtisheamla, v. impers. (L) to form hoar-frost: skt’mla
ko’shtat there is hoar-frost on pine-trees ; shgt’mla mbt’shant there was frost
in the morning. (2) to be cold weather, to freeze: shktimluapka frost will
come on. Kl. for tehgii’mna, tchgf’mla, tskt’mla Mod. Der. ska.

s¢i’mlash, shkimlash, d. sgushgamlash hoar-frost.

sgt’teh, ské’tch father of a first child. Cf. skiksap.

shidkshiaga, d. shiashiékshiaga (1) to shake, to shake up, to make trem-

ble, as a tree. (2) to balance on one’s arms.

re

shewanapéli—Sidaikti. 305

shidlamna, d. shishdlamna to rub, line, smear on one’s back. Cf. shidshka.

shialamnu to follow close to, to travel behind: tseléwash nish sh. taplalas
the rippling of the waters travels behind me, the loon, 168; 46.

shiamna, shfyamna, d shishiyamna to seize, grasp each other; to clinch
together; said of nantlash-birds, 177; 24. Der. fyamna.

shidpka to line, put on one’s face, as paint ete. Cf. shatzAsha.

shiapkéla to remove or wash off from one’s face, body.

shiapkoldétkish wash-towel: népki hin sh.! bring me that towel!

shiashka, sidsga, d. shishishka, sissdsea (1) to take off from; to divest
oneself of: K’mi'kamtch hemé¢ze shi’ashkank hi’n tchfilish K’m. told (him)
to take off his shirt, 95, 1.; kiktsamatka shnfztch sh. to clean one’s nose with
the handkerchief; pshish sh. to clean one’s nose. (2) to cut off short, to crop:
shishashka sha lak they cut off the hair in every instance, 89, 5.; shidshgatko
lak (their) hair is cut short, 90, 6. (83) to rub, line, to pass over something;
to rub or smear on: kaknéga (or kaknégatko) sh. to besmear, pollute, render
dirty, to soil. Cf. kttshka (2), shidpka, shiktaldsha.

shidashla, d. shishdshla, v. trans., to remove, displace, to take away, 35, 20.:
wénni sh. to remove to another place or spot, 35, 14.; said of anim. and inan.
objects, as utensils, furniture. Cf médsha, nadsha’shak.

shiashlkanka, d. shishashlkdnka, v. trans., to continue removing; to
transport to different places.

shiashna, d. shishdshna, 39, 17.; same as shidshla, q. v.

shiatka, shiatya, d. shishatka, shishatya (1) to take out of, as of a pocket,
bag ete. (2) to select, to pick out: E-ukskni shishatza wéwanuish the Lake
men selected females (to be their slaves), 23, 6. (3) to segregate, divide
ito several portions, to put asunder. Cf. hekshatya.

Sidaikti, nom pr. of locality thirty miles south of The Dalles (on the
Columbia River), Oregon, and forming a part of the Warm Spring Indian
reservation. Wasco Indians were located there by the Government:
Ampzinkni Sfdaikti tehfa Wasco Indians reside at Sidaikti. A small
western tributary of the Des Chutes River, called Shitike Creek, runs
through that reservation. Cf. Kélamzéni Kéke.

shi’dsha (for shi-idsha), d. shishi’dsha to put or lay upon oneself: shlamiuk

shti’ya shishi‘dsha in their sorrow they laid resin (or pitch) upon their heads,
20

306 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

132, 6.; shti/a sa nfi’shtat shi’dsho they put pitch on their heads (shi‘dsho,
suffix -u for suffix -a), 101, 4. Der. itchua.

shidshi’/yamna, 177; 24. for shishfyamna, d. of shfamna, q. v.

shidshla, d. shishtchla; see shftchla.

shi-iha, d. shishiha ¢o agrec, to consent: hi si-i‘huapk i lapuk when both
of ye shall have agreed, 60, 6. Cf. thia, shitko.

shi-fyaga, d. shishiyaga to win, gain from each other; to win through
gambling, 79, 1. 80.5. Der. ikaga. Cf. fka, fkampéli, fkna.

shi-ita, d. shfshita to line on, to paint, smear on: pitak sh. to line on one’s
own body, to bedaub oneself. Der. ita.

shi-itna, d. shishftna to load, charge; to overload: ké a shishitantk watch
this horse is overloaded; kinkéni shishitantk watch the horse is not loaded
enough. Der. itna. Cf. itnila.

shiyuta, d. shishiyuta to exchange, to barter, swap; to carry on the barter-
ing trade. Cf. heshelista, shenitita, shéshatui.

shikAmba fo walk with a stick; to lean on a staff while walking: nti si‘ kamba
{ (or ht) I am leaning upon, 168; 38. and Note. Cf. shiktttcha.

shikantdna, d. shishkanténa to show, point to something on a person's
body, as wounds, scars, attire, garments ete. Der. gintana. Cf. hashu-
Atana, shikanttfla.

shikantéla, d. shishyantéla (1) to pile up, lay upon each other, as sheets
etc. (2) to ruffle: shikantélatko kéksh a ruffled dress.

shikantila, d. shishyantila to show, point to something on a person's foot
or feet, as scars, moccasins, boots. Der. gintila. Cf. shikanténa.

shikashla, d. shishkashla to step, pace, walk, tread. Cf. kishlya.

shikashlash, d shishkashlash a step, a pace.

shikashtka, d. shishkashtka to take one step or pace. Cf. shikashla.

shikénitgika, d. shishakénitgi‘ka little pistol; contr. for shikénitki’-aga,
19, 6. Dim. shikénftkish.

shikénitkish, d. shishakénitgish pistol, revolver, 30, 17. 66, 11.; lit.
“object pulled out by hand.” Der. shikna.

shikianka to convey on one’s shoulder, to carry on the shoulders: shi’-iziank
a éna i-utampksh he carries a heavy load on his shoulder. Cf. métk’la.

shikita, d. shishkita to report falsely, to make false reports about, to repre-
sent wrongly. Der. kiya.

shila. 307

shidshi’yamna

shikitna, d. shishkitna; same as shikfta, q. v.. hii ni siki’tnank sii’ gsuapk
if I should make false statements (before the chiefs), 65, 7.

shikna, si‘kna to throw, dart, hurl: dalts si‘kna-uk for throwing a spear.

shikpiayash, d. shishakpidyash apron; term interpreted by: ‘what
comes down, falls down.” Cf. héshlaklash, sha-upalaksh.

shikpualkaéna, shikpualkéna to put into or roll in the mouth; said of
articles smaller than the mouth: nf shikpudlkana ktaydga J roll a little
(gravel) stone in the mouth. Cf. kpiamna.

shiktka, d. shishaktka to make motions, to move about: ka-i shi’ktgisht
since she did not stir, 122, 4. Cf. shiwina.

shiktédkanksh, d. shishaktékanksh (1) foot-ball. (2) ball of various
other descriptions. Der. ktiuga.

shiktt’dshampka, d. shishakti’dshampka to lean on both elbows; as,
e. g., when sitting at table. Der. ktfudshna.

shiktw’dshna, d. shishkta’dshna to push oneself. Der. ktiudshna.

shiktchaktehna, d. shishaktch4ktchna to cause to expiate; to punish, to
make atone by chastising. Cf. kitchikéla.

shiktehashla, d. shishéktchashla to crawl on the ground: si’ktsaslan
wika I moved a short distance by creeping about, 30, 14. Ct. ktchidsha.

shiktizish, d. shishktizish wmbrella.

shikuizitko, d. shishkuizitko provided with, carrying an umbrella.

shikukangoteh (for shikukankétkish), d. shishkukaéngotch stilts.

shiktteha, d. shishkitcha to walk while leaning or reclining on: shiku-
tchipk (or shikutchipkatko) tchiké an old man walking on a stick, 136, 5.
and Note. Cf. shikamba.

shikikia, shikiziéa, d. shishkikia to dive, plunge in the water (with or
without dmbutat), 118, 11. 120, 6. Cf. kidsha, péwa

shikiziéna, d. shishkiziéna to go and dive, to start for a plunge, 120, 5.

shi], Kl. shi’l, d. shi’shil, pl. ttimi sh., (1) cloth, woven tissue, textile fabric
of any description: sheeting, linen, cotton or silk cloth; printed goods,
calico. (2) flag, banner, Mod., 14, 2—The d. form is in use for smaller
pieces or sheets, while the absolute refers to sheets of larger size (Mod.).
From Chin. J. sill, sail, this from English sail.

shila, shi'la, si‘la, d. shisha‘la, sissdla to be sick, diseased; to be afflicted with

308 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

sickness or distemper, 64, 3. 68, 10. 128, 7. Refers to chronic and incur-
able diseases: k¢lpogs sh. to be fever-stricken ; shteinash sh. to be heart-sick,
heart-broken; shillalsht having fallen sick, 68, 2. Der. fla. Cf. ma’sha.

shi‘laka, shi’/lya, d. shishdlya to become sick, to fall sick, 68, 11. Der. shila.

shflaklkish, shiliklgish rubbing-stone used for grinding seeds and grains
on the large mealing-stone or lématch. It is generally of small size and
often provided with two horns serving as handles, 149, 8. Cf. pe’ksh.

shildla, d. shishaléla to fall sick: kt’tkaks sissalaluapk (sa) they will be
afflicted with small-pox, 10, 6.; teht’tantki giug ha’nk shillalpksh (for
shilalapkash) in order to treat the man who fell sick, 65, 18. Der. shila.

shilalsh, shillalsh, d shishdlalsh disease, sickness, distemper of a chronic
or incurable nature: shillalsh htt gti’ta some disease invaded him, 64, 1.;
silalsh ni’bakuapk disease will come on, 70, 4. Der. shila. Cf. ma’shash.

shilash, d. shishdlash tent. Der. shi’l.

shilba silver: sh. tala silver dollar; silver coin. From the English.

shilkshla, d. shishélkshla to dig a well; the word for well, wélwash, is
not added. Cf. iTkshgishla, ilkshla.

shiloatcha, d. shishaloatcha (1) to help each other, to codperate: tehime
ish tuila sh.! come and do the thing with me! Mod. (2) to help in carrying,
to carry together Der. liwa. Cf. shatudya.

shilshila, d.shishadlshila to resound like thunder; said of the earth, 158; 48.

shimht’tehna, d. shishamhit’tehna to curse each other, to call each other
opprobrious epithets. Cf. lama, mii‘tchka.

shina, shi’na, d. shi’sha to cohabit. Cf. ktchéna, shishna.

shinakta, d. shishnakta, v. intr., to touch, to be close to.

shinaktish, d. shishnaktish one who touches, one who is or lies close by:
kaptchélam sh. fourth finger, q. v.; lit. “the one touching the smallest
finger”; also name of two months.

shinamshta, d. shishnamshta to be afraid of, to be frightened, 96, 22.:
shi‘namshtnuk for fear, 122, 10. Cf. shadkamshinea, vi’sha.

shinshiza, d. shishanshtfya ¢o crowd in or into.

shintya, shinui, d. shishniya to cohabit: partic. shinuitko after cohabita-
tion; said of a female, 186; 57. Der. shina.

shinukla, d. shishnukla to cause to give away, to persuade to part with.

Der. niukla.

shishtika. 309

shivlaka

shidé, shit’, d. shi’sho, shishu to bet, to make a bet or bets; said, e. g., of
gamblers. Cf. the refl. verb héshkt, Mod. héshgun,

shio‘lyi, d. shisho’lyi, KJ. for hushto’lki Mod., q. v.

ship, pl. ttmi sh., sheep, domestic sheep: shi‘pam lelédshi lamb, lambkin;
shi’‘pam watchdga shepherd’s dog; shi‘pam ni‘l wool. From the English.
Cf. ktushkétkish, ké-il, ni’l, wiesh.

shipalkanka, d. shishpalkénka to go around stinking, to stink around,
with obj. case, 186; 58. Der. pilui.

shipapélankstant, prep. and postp, among each other, against each
other, 61,17. Der. pipélangsta, under pipélantana.

shipatytka, d. shishpatziga (1) to use as a shield or means of covering;
e.g, by raising the foot to shield oneself. (2) to cover or eclipse each
other: shipatytikank they were continually eclipsing each other, 105, 2.

shipatech, d. shishapatch fit, appropriate, convenient: sh. nanuktua shute-
étkish fit for every use, appropriate to any purpose; at ash. pala-ash the
bread is now done (or: fit to eat).

shipitza, shipitka, d. shishpi’tza, v. intr., to separate, part from each other
by going in different directions, 31, 14.: to separate; said, e. ¢., of husband
and wife, 77, 4. Cf. sheggatya.

shipkgish, d. shishapkgish, shishapk’gish beads in a ring inserted in the
nose-septum; nose-ring. Cf. shepukaiga.

shipnit, d. shishapnu (1) to be blown up, to be full of air, wind. (2) to be
haughty, swaggering, bragging. Der. pniwa. Cf. shalkid-a, shApkua.

shipnush, d. shishapnush bladder blown up, wind-bag. Der. pniwa.

shiptchyzyaltko, d. shishaptchzaltko related to each other as brothers-in-
law or sisters-in-law. Only relatives of the same sex call each other by
this term Der. p’tchikap.

shishatya, 23, 6.; d. of shiatka, q. v.

shishna, d. shishashna, v. intr., to enter the flesh or skin; as splinters,
thorns, filaments of plants. Cf. ktchéna, shina.

shishnish, pl. timi sh. fornicator. Der. shina. Cf. ktai-shishnish.

shishdékish, d. shish’shdékish (1) fighter, bruiser, bully. (2) warrior. (3)
enemy, foe, hostile warrior. Der. shiuga. Cf. sheshaldlish.

shishtika, sisséka; d. of shiuga, q. v.

310 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shishttkash, sisso’ksh, d. shish’shékash (1) row, scuffle, fist or club fight,
affray, disturbance. (2) battle, battling, skirmish: shishukshé'mi at the time
of the battles (of the Modoc war), 55, 19. Der. shiuga.

shitash, d. shishitash clitoris. Der. shina.

shitiaika, d. shishatiaika to cry with joy, to give a shout, to shout from exul-
tation; said, e. g., of children who see their parents coming.

shitfla, d. shishitila to carry beneath the clothing, in the dress, 66, 12.

shitko, si’tko, encl. -shitk, -sitk, (d. shishatko), adj., alike to, similar to, re-
sembling ; comparable to: used of resemblances perceived by the senses of
hearing, seeing, tasting etc., but also of resemblances of an abstract and
moral nature, and appended to other words, mostly in an enclitie form:
wi’kash-shitk mashetk tasting like pond-lily seed, 146, 6., cf. 147, 3. 148,
7. 149, 12.; wikd-shitko seemingly near, 192; 2.; ht’nk shitko hak exactly
alike; Afshish-shitk slii’s looking like Aishish, 100, 10.; yuyalks-sitk sor-
rowful, wretched, 17, 21., cf. yudlkish and 64, 11. Sh. is not inflected and
governs either the obj. or the poss. case; ktampsh- (for ktanapkash-) shitk
like one sleeping, 113, 17.; Béshtinam sh. in American style, 87, 3.; p’gi’-
sham-shitko ndélam like our mother, 119, 14 Contr. from shf-itko, partic. of
shf-iha: lit. “agreeing with”. Cf. fla, méklaks-shitko, -ptchi (in ptchink).

shiteha, d. shishatcha to fly away, to fly up, 101, 7. Der. idsha

shitchdakta, d. shishtchdkta to be angry, to be incensed at; to become irri-
tated, to wax wroth, 192; 3.: sh. ni hun hishudkshash IT am angry at this.
man. Cf. shawiga, shétatza.

shitchaktna, d. shishtchdktna to become angry, to get into a rage, 58, 15.

shitehAaktnish, d. shishtchaktnish quarreler; termagant, habitual quar-
reler; personal enemy, OA, 9.

shitchdlshui, d. shishatchélshui to move towards; said of objects resting
on the ground: shitchdlshue kélati he moved (them) towards the bucket,
113, 4. Cf. tchilya, tchilyia.

shitchatzepéle, shits&tkapéli to fly back, to fly home, 101, 8. Der.
shitcha, -tka, -péli

shitehkatchlétkish, d. shishatchkatchlétkish jine-toothed comb. Cf.
tehlakAdsha, tchiztchiza.

shitehla, shfdshla, d. shishétchla (1) to unite, associate, to club together.

shishtikash— shitkala. d11

(2) to help cach other, to help somebody; to stand together, form alliance:
E-ukshikni Mo’dokfshish shfdshla the Modocs were assisted by the Lake
people, 54, 11. Der. tehilla. Cf. shawalinii’a.

shitchlala, d. shishatchlila to associate, to become friends, to form friend-
ship; to keep up friendly relations with, 35, 1.

shitcehlip, poss. shitchlam, d shishatchlip (1) companion, comrade, fellow-
warrior; Mod. for shawalinéash Kl. (2) guest, friend, ally, 34, 12. (3)
neighbor; ké-u shitchlam gfi’shti the hogs of my neighbor. Der. shitchla.

shitchlétza, d. shishatchlétza to spread out, lay out equally on both sides ;
said, e. g., of laying down flat an opened book: (nép) 1t'Iptt shisha-
tchélo’tka (she lays a hand) on each eye and draws them apart, 91, 6. Cf.
shekli’tya, tchelétka.

shitchpaléash, d. shishatchpaldéash tattoo-maris, tattooing.

shitehpalua, shitspolua, d. shishétehpalua ¢o tattoo. The coloring sub-
stance used in tattooing is pulverized coal (Igtm).

shiuga, sitika, d. shishtka, sisséka (1) to fight, quarrel, to come to blows ;
to scuffle, to fight with fists or clubs; chiefly used in the d form, with
reciprocal signification: si’ssok hi’k wewéas sham their boys quarreled
among themselves, 107, 18.; sisst’kuk tst’ssak on account of their continual
quarrels, 77, 3. Cf. 55, 4. 59, 6-16. 78, 4. 11. (2) sh., usually sissdka,
to battle; to fight in battle or war, 43,19. Cf. shishdkish. (3) to kill, slay,
put to death, to butcher; to assassinate, murder. Refers to the killing ot
one or of many objects collectively or by one stroke by one subject:
shi‘uguapkug hi/nk for the purpose of killing him, 118, 15.; shiukuapkika
na'ts intending to kill (all of) us, 192; 3.; snawédsh kfuksam sfuks the
woman killed by the wizard, 69, 2.; shiukdla to come to an end with killing,
55, 7.; wushmish shiuktlan after butchering the ox, 13, 15. Cf. 18, 6. 30,
18. 43, 15. 21. 62, 4. 64, 5-14. 65, 9-15. 19. 111, 17. 123, 7. 128, 4. 6.
133, 9. In 110, 14. it refers to shooting with fatal result. The killing
of more than one object, and the slaying of one or many objects by
many subjects are expressed by ltela, shuénka, q. v. Cf. heshyii’ki,
hushtchéka, shlin, téwi.

shitkala, d. shishikala to kill, slay, murder ; said of persons in reference

to their relatives, or of animals to their owners, 133, 10. Cf. shfuga (8).

312 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shiukia, d. shishukfa ¢o kill, butcher for or in the interest of somebody:
maklikshash wishmtish shiukiéshtka that he proposed to butcher an ox for
the benefit of the Indians, 13, 13.

shiukfga, d. shishukiga fo kill, to slay: p’lafwash sh. to kill a golden eagle.

shiukttya, d. sissukttya to fight, scuffle; to have a bout, row of slight conse-
quence, 61, 18. Occurs chiefly in the d. form. Der. shiuga.

shitlagia, (u long) Mod. shidlagianki, shitlagien, d. shishtilagia, Mod.
shishtilagien: to gather, collect for oneself; to gather, to bring together : shiti-
lakiank ktii they are in the habit of collecting stones, 82, 6.; shitlakiank
ko'l they bring the ko'l-roots to one spot, 147, 11.; anko tim shit‘lagian ét
collected a quantity of fire-wood, 127, 6.; nanuk shitagien i-uyiak to gather
the crop into the barn; lit. “to gather the whole inside”, Mod.; ef. iwfa.
Sh. can be separated into its components: niitak shitlagian, or shitla
ntitak giinkin I gather for myself. From shila (in shit’Tka), -gianggin.

shiulapkétkish, siulapkoteh fan, Kl. Cf. shiulina.

shiuldtehka, d. shishalétchka to shake off from oneself: hishuaksh a
shiullatechkampka gapo killilkshtat the man shakes the dust from his coat.

shiulina, d. shishulina (1) to fan.(2) to winnow; to clean by winnowing,
74, 9. Cf yiulina, shiulopkdétkish, wiuka.

shiw1lka, d.shisht’lka to collect, unite, gather, assemble, 28,13. Cf. hishudlya.

shiw1ki, d. shishi’lki ¢o gather, collect to a certain spot: nanuk sh. iwika
to gather the crop into the barn; lit. ‘to collect the whole inside.” Cf.
shitlagia, shit’Ika.

shiwlkipéli, d. shishi’lkipéli to gather again; to gather, collect, bring
together: shitlgip’l] sha tsézapksh they brought the fallen to one spot, 89, 1.

shit’lkish, d shishi’lkish (1) gathering-place, place of accumulation. (2)
sh. or maklaksam sh. Indian reservation; tract of land reserved by the
Federal Government for the residence and exclusive use of one or several
Indian tribes, 58, 9.: shitIkish-kiifla, same meaning, 34, 7. 9 ; shitlkish-
yéni-kiifla, 34, 17. and shitilkishyéni aé or into the Indian reservation, 34,
2 18.55, 10. Der. shid’/Iki.

shiulokslétkish, d shishulokslétkish fan, Mod Cf shiuldétchka.

shiundta, d. shishunéta to start a chorus-song; said, e. g., of the conjurer

starting a remedial song over a patient and advising those present, who

shiukia—ski’. 313

are mostly women, to join him: hik kaltchitchiks siundta he starts the
spider-incantation for the choristers, 73, 3.; said of a duck, 177; 29. Met.
for shuinéta, of which sh. is a vulgar form. Der. shuina. Cf. winota.

shiundétish, d. shishundtish (1) song of choristers. (2) chorus song of
women, started by the Indian kiuks or sorcerer when treating a patient:
shli’popka siunoti’sh he hears in his dreams the chorus-songs of the women,
83, 4. Met. for shuindtish.

shiunttna, d. shishundétna to sing magic or dream chorus-songs uninter-
ruptedly, 65,16. Vulgarism for shuintitna. Der. shiundta.

shf-usha to rub on, to line upon: ma’shishtat sh. shatélaks to rub a salve on
a sore, or: a salve to be rubbed on sores Cf. shi-ita.

shiwaga, siwak, d. shishuaga (1) girl, unmarried female, young woman,
whether adult or not, 23, 10.; siwAk (obj.) ati’nsh lik gitk girl wearing
the hair long, 23, 8.; nii’gsh shiwaksh the girl absent from her home, 140,
9. and Note; shiwdkshash (obj.) for shiwdkash, 185; 40. and Note to
184; 37.; shiwdkuash fo the girls, 80, 11. and Note. (2) virgin; nt sh.
shéwa I hold (you) to be a virgin, 184; 37. Cf. hishtanta, nisyaga, péwa.

shiwamtch, d. shishuamtch (1) old maid: shiwamptchash waiwash gan-
dila waiwash-geese secretly observed an old maid, 185; 40. Ironically applied
to lazy girls and to hermaphrodites. (2) virago. Der. shiwaga, amtch.

shiwifyi, d. shishufzi to increase, to become stronger; said of winds, tem-
pests ete. Cf. shiwina, ska (3).

shiwina, d. shishuina to move or stir about, to be active: kaé-i sh. hi’k he
feels sick, is unable to move about. Cf. shiktka.

ska, shka, d. skaska, shkashka (1) v. impers., to be cold, chilly, frosty weather:
ska a ké it is very cold; it is quite chilly; pi’dshit as. né’pka it és cold
weather to-day. (2) adv., with chill, coldly: mit’ ska tinkt slii’wi 7 blew
very cold at that time, 31, 2.; pii’dshit s. gi it as cold to-day. (3) v. impers.,
to be strong, powerful; said of winds, storms ete. (4) adv., strongly, hard,
with might; said of the blowing of the wind, and associated with the idea of
cold or chill: ska shli/wi @¢ is blowing hard. x1. for tehed Mod. Der. ka-a.

ska’, sza’, d. ska’ska, sydsya wooden or stone pestle, used for pounding
seeds, dried fruits or grain in a mortar, 147, 16.: szitka ndshépka to

pound with a pestle. Cf. gamkish, kéwa, ndtikish.

aiilat KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shkafni, d. shkashki’ni (1) strong, powerful, untamed. (2) irresistible, of
unearthly power, strong as a demon: ga tudta sh. gdtpa how unapproachable
soever that man is who has arrived, 112, 2.; skdyent (for shkafni at)
ei’ntak though he is quite strong, 112, 3.; shkainiak stronger, more power-
Jul, 112, 2. 5. 8. 13. and Note. Der. ska.

skaya, skaf, d. shkAshkia, skaski to give in a basket: ani‘k tchakéla n’s
skaf tak I send a willow basket, so that they may give me (berries) in, 75, 9.

skiyamna, d. skashkiamna (1) to carry on one’s back. (2) to hold or
carry in a large basket or seed-basket, these baskets being always worn on
the back by females: né-iti s. to carry in a nda-i-basket, 95, 15. and Note.

Skakdawash, nom. pr. Mod. of Frank Riddle; interpreted by ‘lean, raw-
boned.” Cf. papatkawatko, tehmt’tch.

shkélkéla, d.shkashkalkéla, v. trans., to hurt, injure, 97,2. Der. kalkéla.

shkandaga, shknaka, d. shkashkndga (1) fo assault, attack: witsag shka-
nikapka (nish) @ dog attacks (me), 184; 80. (2) to scold, blame, reprimand.

skAnshna, ska/nshna, shkénshna, d skashkanshna, skoskanshna to walk
with the head bent forward and sticking out; to go head forward or downward,
to walk pole-necked, as horses. Cf. Skéntchish.

shkapshtchala éo roll up, coil up: shkapshtchaldla to unroll, uncoil.

shkapshtchili/liksh, skapshtsili’liks eyelid. Der. shkapshtchala.
See syémintch.

skipukak, szdbugak man just married and not father yet. Dim. skapuksh.

skAipuksh, szdbugs married man or woman who has no children. Also
expressed by s. katliak wewéash. Cf. sgti’teh, skiikshap.

skatish, d. skashkatish, Mod. for skAtchish K1., q. v.

skatkala, shkatkéla, Mod. skaétkélan, d. shkashkatkéla, skii’shkatgala to
carry on back: yaki shkii’shkatkaltk each carrying on back a basket, 109,
1. and Note; shkashkatkaltk ka’sh carrying ipo-roots in their seed-baskets
on the back, 109, 8. Der. ska- in skéya, skayamna, q. v. Cf. métk’la.

skitkanka, d. skashkétkanka to leap repeatedly; to skip habitually, as
frogs, toads, 145, 12.

skatkélan, d. skaskétkélan, Mod. for skaétkala K1.

skatya, d. skashkatya to carry about in a basket. Cf. skaya, skatkala.

skatzyidsha, d. skashkatyidsha to take back, to bring back or home on one’s
back, or in a seed-basket carried on the back, 101, 20.

shkaini—skéka. 315

skatyipéli, d. skashkatyipéli to carry back or home on one’s back ox in
a basket, 95, 19.: skatyipéli-udpkuk kiflant for taking down to the ground
again, 95,22. Der. skatya, hi, -péli. Cf. skatyidsha.

skatchampéle, d. skaskitchampéle to pay a visit to the old home as a
skatish or skatchish, q. v.

skatehish, d. skaskdtchish (1) woman married to an Indian of an alien
tribe visiting her old home and offering cloth, clothing or beads, blankets
etc. as presents to her relatives. (2) her welcoming by the relatives. K1.
for skatish Mod. Der. skéya.

Skatchpalikni, pl timi S., (1) inhabitant of Scott's Valley, in Northern
California, which is drained by Scott’s River, a southern affluent of the
Klamath River: Shasti Indian inhabiting Scott's Valley. (2) inhabitant of
Klamath River Valley below Scott’s River Junction: Ara or Kdrok In-
dian; Huipa Indian; Alikwa or Yirok Indian ; white settler inhabiting these
tracts of land. From the English “‘Scott’s Valley”.

skauiktsh, shkékas, syii’kas, ské-ukosh, large black species of wood-
pecker; probably Hylotomus pileatus, 180; 6. Cf. ka-ukéwa.

skiwanksham, abbr. skiwanks, d. szasyi-anksham, a weed popularly
called wild parsnip, growing in wet ground, poisonous to cattle; described -
150, 1. 2.; s. spatitish virus of wild parsnip. Probably a species of Sium.

skia’-ika, szézi, d. skiishki‘ka, syesyé’yi to walk backward like a crab.
Probably identical with skéka (2), q. v. Cf. Ktiyam-Ski’-iksh.
skia’-iksh, syéks, d. ski’shkiks gait of a crab; crab’s trail.

Ski#ititko, Skaititko, nom. pr. mase. KI. ‘Zeft-Handed” ; see shkétitko.

skiyddshua to yawn. Cf. skéka (2).

shké, skii’, shgii’, a species of gray hawk, size of the tsi’ktu-hawk, thick
and fat; skélam lash wing-feather of the shké-hawk. Incantations, 167; 36.
177; 21-23. The female of the shké is called spfi’m. Cf. skii’-ika, skélya.

skéa, shkéa, d. shkéshka to buy, purchase: téntish ish shkéan ftak! you bay a
rope for me! Mod.; snawédshash s. they purchased a wife, 90, 19.

skédshatko, d. skeshkédshatko gray, gray-colored: s. kt4-i, s watch a
gray stone, a gray horse. Cf. kiiilaptchi, piikpii’kli, spigatko.

skéka, shkéka, szii’ka, d. shkéshka (for shkéshk-ka) (1) v. med., to pierce,
transfix by shooting or stabbing, 138, 1. and Note. (2) to part, to place

316 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

apart, especially applied to the parting of the legs: skékank tedlya, syézank
tkdétka to stand with the legs apart. Cf. hushpii’'tya, pitchka. (3) to be
weak physically. Cf. skii’-ika, téga, tkéka. -

skeki’shla, d. skeshki’shla; same as skiiki’shla, q. v.

shkéktlezia to sit astraddle, to sit with legs apart: skéktleyiank hu-
sho’dshna to ride astraddle. Der. skéka (2), etlé’yi. Cf. naitaltélshna.

ské@1, skél, ski’l, szi’/l (1) archaic term for the marten; called so from his
variable, often smoky color; cf. Skélamtch. The Indians allege that
“the marten had this name before man was created.” (2) Ske’l, Sk¢1,
nom. pr., shorter form of Skélamtch, q. v. (8) otter-skin strap; rope
twisted from ofter skins, usually not over three feet long; skin strap
twisted into the braids of men and made from the skin of any furred
quadruped: szi’l tchuyésh tie or diadem encircling the head and made of
an otter-skin strap; szil ai nti mt’luash the otter skin is my curing tool,
168; 40.; szi'l kaflish otter-skin belt. (4) conjurer’s long otter-tail orna-
ment hanging over his chest or back, embellished with beads, shells ete.
Cf. 167; 30. (Note). Der. skélya (2). Cf. pé’p.

Shkélaga, Ski’lag, Syélag, nom. pr. of Skélag, one of the two watchmen
appointed to guard the underground jail on the Williamson River, 66,
5-8. 140, 2. 6. ete.: Shkélaksh tila aided by Skélag, 66, 5.

Skélamtech, Ski’lamtch, nom. pr. of Old Marten, a mythic character in
the folklore of Klamath (and other Western) Indians, the elder brother
of Old Weasel. K’mtikamtch assumes the mask of S. when he starts to
destroy the five Thunders and their parents; ef. his “shashapkéléash,”
pp 109-114. Called Ske’l, Shkél in 110, 9-14. Incantation, 168; 37.
ef. 180; 1. From ské’l, -amtch.

skélkéta, d. skeskalkta, v. intr., to become sooty; to be sooty. Cf. skélya.

skélya, ské-ilya, skii‘Tka (1) to construct a fire-place in the free air, gener-
ally for the purpose of baking camass. (2) to become black or dusky-colored
from smoke or other agencies; said of the fur of wild quadrupeds.

Skéllanskni, or S. méklaks, nom. pr.: inhabitant of a locality on Lost
River, Lake County, near Henry’s store.

skéllia, d. skeshkallia to hem by sewing, to hem.

skélliash, d. skeshkaélliash hem-seam.

skekishla—skintchna. 317

skénshna, Mod. skéntehna, d. skeshkanshna, to sew, to stitch.

skenshnuttkish, skénshnotksh, d. skeshkanshnitkish, “what is used
for sewing;” (1) thread, cord: shk¢énshnitksh mbu-itch psukatko tested
sinew-thread. (2) sewing-machine.

skéntana, d. skeshkantana (1) to sew up into, to imclose by sewing, 85, 3.
(2) to paste over, to cover tightly.

skéntehish, d. skeskantchish seam, stitching. Der. skénshna.

ské’sh, skii’sh, d. syéshzash; same as shkish, q. v.

skétehlaksh brush-wall around camp-fire. Der. skétehléza.

skétehléya, d. sketchkatchl’za, sketchzatchiza to secure fire against
the wind by putting brush-wood around. Der. skélya. Cf. heshkatchki’ mish.

ské-uta, d skeshktta; see skiuta.

ské-utish, shkiutish, d. skeshki’tish debt; money owed: kitchikh nish
tila skiutishtat! pay me the money you owe me! Der. skiuta.

shkia, d. shkishkia to fart, fizzle. Der. kiu. Cf. shkish, shkiwa.

skilhi, d. skiskalhi to crawl into a hole, to creep underground; said of
snakes, lizards ete. KI. Der. kilhi. Cf. gull.

skilulydétkish, abbr. skillilzotch apparatus, instrument for measuring :
s-anku measuring-stick ; yard-stick. Der. kal- in kalkali. Cf. hishyélilya.

Sking Dshi’dsh, King-Dshitch, nom. pr. Hnglishman; in the Atfalati
dialect of Kalaptitya: Akindshddsh. From Chin. J. King Chautsh (G.
Gibbs): lit. “King George’s nian.” Cf. Béshtin, Pashayuks.

Skinkni, or S. mdklaks, nom. pr. of an Indian tribe said to inhabit a
country above the Dalles (Ampzé‘ni, q. v.) of Columbia River.

skinshgdkuish, d. skiskanshgdkuish snake skin after being shed. Kl.
Der. skintchna. Cf. ndshé’dsh (3).

shkinshna, d. shkishkanshna; same as skintchna, q. v.

skintch, Kl; same as kinsh, q. v.

skintchishgakuish, d. skiskantchishgékuish, Mod. for the syncopated
skinshgaékuish K1., q. v.

skintchishzadga, d. skishkantchishziga to shed the skin; said of am-
phibious animals, as snakes ete. 103, 9. Der. skintchna.

skintchna, szintchna, shkinshna, d. skiskAntehna, sziszintchna to crawl,
creep; said of reptiles, eels etc.: ski/ntsnan kawiag I the little eel am
crawling, 177; 30. IKI. for szidsha Mod. Der. kintchna.

318 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

skinuashka, d. ski’shkanuashka to creep away from: késham wé-uk
skiskanudshka ki‘ilant the roots of the pine creep along the ground.

shkfsh, shki’sh, ske’sh, kii’sh, d. shki’shkish, syéshyash, kii’kash (1) fart,
Jizale, breaking wind: mbiwa ski's to break wind, 134, 7.; pimam ski’sh
castorium; a substance hung up in the Indian lodges to counteract
offensive smells; see under pti’m. (2) dung, excrements of men and
animals, especially quadrupeds: shkii’sh pila ki-u gftko! a very oppro-
brious epithet. Der. shkfa.

ski’shkanka, d. skishkashkanka to creep, crawl repeatedly or habitually;
as snakes, 145, 15. Cf. kidsha (8), skintchna.

shki’shkish, a small insect with wings, living in the ground; rendered
by ‘“fly-bug”, 108, 6. 18. 104, 1. Cf. syidsha, Mod. for skintchna.

skishtila, syishdla, d. shkishkashtla, syishk’shdla (1) v. intr., to become
awake, to wake up from slumber, 113, 18.114, 1.: nai a s. I am awake;
skisha'li! wake up! 121, 23: syisht’lank awakening, 122, 14. 131, 11.
(2) v. trans., to awake somebody, 121, 22.

shkitcehiwa, d. shkishktchfwa to wink, nictate with one or both eyes. Of.
knadshikfa, nadshfyatko.

Skitehueshtkni, or S. maklaks, nom. pr. of a tribe of Indians said to
be living near Portland, in Northwestern Oregon. Not yet identified
with any of the present tribes. For the suffix -tkni ef. }dkuashtkni.

shkfuyititeh, d shkishkuziitch table fork. Der. kiuyéga. Cf. kiuyia-
yiotkish, ktutka.

shkiulaksh, d. shgishgulaksh money owed, debt, indebtedness: shkiulék-
shtat shewani! pay what you owe! k6-idshi ht ké-i kikadshdklish skfu-
lakshtat wicked is he who does not pay his debts, Mod. Der. shkitilka.

shkitilka, d. shgishetilya to be in debt, to owe. Der. skéa. Cf. skfuta.

skiuta, shké-uta, d. skisktita, shgeshgo’ta (1) to owe, to be indebted: tala s.
to be in debt, to owe money. (2) to buy on credit, to run up a bill. Der.
skéa. Cf. ské-utish, shkitilka.

shkifwa, d. shkishkua to spawn. Der. ktu.

skiwétkish sling, as an implement for throwing; term more frequent
than shuntoyakea-étkish.

skla’tchkantecha (1) to go, move, travel about with a light or spark of fire.

skénshna. 319

skinuashka

(2) to paddle about with a-(pitch-wood) light on the canoe when fishing after
dark. Cf. kléna, klidshoa, klutsuétkish, shlii’tchua.

ské! d. skt’ska! “come up!” particle used as exclamation, and referring to
one’s own forgetfulness or lack of memory, e. g., when a name or fact
cannot be remembered.

sk6, sko’sh, sko”hs, d. skéskd, sko’shki’sh spring of the year, spring season,
135, 4.: pii’dshit sko’ when it was spring, 54, 2.; shké-émi and skoshé’mi
m spring-time; nanuk skohs every year in the spring-season, 19, 2. and
Note.; na-iintka sko’shtka next spring or in the spring of next year, 21, 1.

skéa, skdéwa, d. skéshkua, v. impers., to be spring-time; to be in the spring
season: skowapka spring comes on; winter is soon over.

Skohuashki, other form of the loc. name Kohdshti, q. v.: “ Canoe-
Starting-Place”. Der. syowashka.

sko-ilya, d. shkoshki’lya to pile upon each other, 82, 7.: ktaktiag shko-
shki‘lya to erect cairns, 82, 12.

skékanka, d. skushkékanka to be in the act of cohabitation.

shko’ks, skt’ks, d. shkuishkoks (1) spirit of deceased person. When seen
in dreams they are of funest influence and objects of the most intense
dread; after leaving the body of the deceased they are supposed to travel
through the air on sticks and to rattle their dry bones against each other:
wengapkam (or wengapkash) shko’kshash (obj.) the spirits of the deceased,
134, 20.; skt’ksam hii’kskish walking-stich, staff, cane supposed to be used
by spirits, 168; 38.181; 4. Cf. 129, 1-8. 130, 1-4., @’ni, shko’ks-kiii’m.
(2) demon, ghost, spirit, of beneficial or pernicious influence on mankind:
Idla ké-idsha skt’ksh washtat wénkogsht they believe that a wicked spirit
resides in the prairie-wolf, 127, 13., ef. 128, 2. 4. and gatkta; shko’ksam
stetnash the spirit’s heart, supposed to have brought on disease, 174; 11.;
sko‘ksam Kkiitla @én i! go to hell!

shko’ks-kii’m ‘“spirit-fish”; fish whose body is supposed to contain
the soul or spirit of a deceased Indian, 129, 1. (title), 4.

skéla, d. shki’shklii; see shkile.

skélos, skt’lush turkey-buzzard; a black vulture, with long bill, red neck,
carrion-eating: Cathartes aura, 180; 3.

skéunshna, d. skoshkanshna; same as skénshna, q. v.

320 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Skéntchish, nom. pr. mase. Mod.: “Stick-out Head”. (1) name of Jolin
Skoéntchish, signer of the treaty (in which he is mentioned as “Schon-
chin”), a Modoc headman, conjurer, and leader, hanged for having par-
ticipated in the assassination of the Peace Commissioners during the
Modoe war of 1873: 84, 5. 42, 12. 13. 44, 6.; mentioned as kfuks, 34, 8.
and Note. During the progress of the war he showed himself more
fanatical and averse to any compromise with the Americans than Kint-
puash or any other of the leaders. (2) name of the brother of John
Skéntchish, who is a subchief of the Modoes settled at Yaneks, and quite
different from his brother in character and disposition: Skdéntechiesh laki
Skéntchish is subchief, 58, 5. Cf. Note to 84,18. Der. skanshna.

skétka, szi’tka, ski’tza, d. skoshkétka, syusydtka, v. trans., ‘to make
pass.” (1) to swallow, to gulp down, 68, 7. (2) to convey over the water, to
set over a river, lake etc., 122, 7. 8. 123, .: killank i’sh syti’'tki! set me
over in a hurry! 122, 21. 22. Cf. szii’tchgush.

skétigsh, skt’tigs, d. syoshzétigsh, a species of lizard about one foot in
length, 180; 17.: s-=shim hare-lip person.

Skuii’ Stil, nom. pr. mase.; Skuii’ is the Modoc pronunciation of squire,
38, 13. Cf. 88, 22. 55, 1. and Notes.

sktiya, d. ski’shkia, shkushktfya (1) v. trans., to crush, mash, bray, 74, 14.
Cf. ndshapka, ska’. (2) v. intr., to be crooked, to be a humpback; lit. “to
be crushed down”. Cf. kilka.

skuyokaya, d. skushki-ukdya to send or dispatch into the woods, recesses
or hiding-places. Der. skiyui. Cf. gakdya.

skuyokaydla, d. skushkiukaydla to send out of the woods, timber or
cliffs: s. wewanishash they send the females out of the bush, 23, 5.

sktyuash, d. sktiski’wash spy, scout, war-scout. Der. skityui.

skuyuépéli, d. sktskiyuépéli to send off again, to remove away from:
sht/ldshash s. to dismiss the troops, 42, 4. From skityui, -péli.

skttyui, shgttyue, Mod. skuyti, shetiyuen, d. skuskiwi, shgtishgfyue to
send, to send away, to dispatch, 29, 11. 68, 2. 101, 11. 107, 3.: get nu
htinkesh Yd-aga shguyuytila I dispatched him to the Williamson River
bridge; nal shettyuen mal shitanktei he sent us to make peace with ye,

40,15. Der. kuti. Cf. gaytie, ulayue.

Skéntchish—skif'lyza. 321

skuytshka to send away from, part one from the other, 60, 19-61, 2.

skaikashdga, skt’kashak young woodpecker of the species called skat-
kush, q. v.; mentioned in the incantation, 168; 39.

skukla to have the limbs chapped through frost or heat, as hands, feet, face:
pna’sh ktchalzishtka shkukludpkasht to preserve or keep themselves (viz.
their faces) from chapping through sunburns; the idea of “preserving
against” is here expressed by the future tense, 150, 8. Der. ska.

skuikshap mother whose children are all alive. Cf. sgi’tch.

skukta, szdkta, d. skoskakta (1) to pay in money or in goods, to pay cash,
to make a transfer to effect a purchase: hiits i ski’ktish haméniuk and
if you want to pay the marriage fee to the parents, 60, 11.; wats skékta he
transferred horses, 78, 11. Cf. Note to 35,19. (2) to pay a fine, to be
Jined: watch skékta to be fined in horses, 62, 5. 78, 16. 90, 8. Cf. kitchakla.

skuktna, széktna, d. skushkaktna to go and pay in money or in articles ; to
come and pay: ti’nep i n’s tila skt’ktanuapk you shall pay me five dollars
asa fee, 60, S., cf. 9. 10.; ti’nip (watch) i skt’ktanuapk snawii’dshash
you may transfer five horses for the wife, 60, 11.

skikum-house jail, guard-house, prison, 66, 4.; lit. ‘‘strong-house”;
Chin. J. for iligish, killitko latchash Kl. The Chin. J. term skikum
strong occurs in the Chin. J. phrases: s. tchik rapid stream, s. téyi head-
chief, s. doctor stout doctor ete.

skutle, shkd’'le, skéla, d. shkt’shk'le, skushkéli lark, skylark, a small gray,
yellow-bellied bird: Eremophila cornuta, 183; 25.: shnti’lashtat shkt’‘lelam
in the nest of the lark, 95, 5.; shkilelam (or skilélam) wewcéka the young
of a lark, 94, 9. People who pick up larks are believed to become indo-
lent and lazy: a Modoc superstition. Incantation, 168; 43.

sktlha, d. skushkalha, vy. intr., to lie upon, to rest on: sz0'lhok for the
purpose of lying on, 144, 1.; szo'‘lhank when resting upon them, 144, 2.

ski/lhash pet, d. skilhash pépat ambulance-bed: ma-i s. ambulance made
of tule-reeds, bulrushes, 24, 5. Cf. shlé-ish.

skt’lya, d. skuskalya, shkishkalka to lie down, to go to sleep, to go to bed:
i-uag shkt’lya he lay down near his home, 131, 6.; nanui shzolzétak as
soon as she had lain down, 113, 12.; szdlakok to induce sleep, 144, 8.;

pakdlank szélakuapka (nt) after smoking my pipe I will go to rest, 187, 4.
21

SPP KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Cf. 108, 5. 121, 21. The original form of s. is skudlaka. sappash at
tintiga, sgudlakuapk pitkaluapk the sun has set; it will rest and rise again.
Speaking of more than one subject, luldlya, d. oc Ii’lya, q. v. Cf.
ktansha, mikléza, skt’Tha, sptika.

skW1pka, szo'lpka, d. skuskalpka to lie extended, as one who is asleep; to
be lying, to lic in bed: shko'Ipkank kténa he lay on his couch and slept, 110,
20. Speaking of more than one subject, dlumi. Cf. ski’lya.

skWlush, skt’mlash; see skdélos, sef’mlash.

skipma to conquer, vanquish, outdo. Cf. vutdlya.

shkashki, d shkushkashki awhite-headed eagle; other name for yatkal.

skiuta, d. sktishkta to put around oneself, to wrap oneself in: kailio skii‘tan,
Mod., wrapping himself in his mantle, 126, !.: partic. ski’‘tatko (a) dressed
in a ski'tash or robe, skin-robe, blanket, mantle, 125, 2. 189; 6. and Note;
skiittash skutipkash, obj., wrapped in a garment or robe, 126, 12. Cf.
kiliwash, tehé-ush. (b) clad, dressed in, surrounded by, wrapped in:
Iiluash skitatk wrapped in fog, surrounded with mist, 183; 17. (¢) Ski-
tatko, nom. pr. mase. and fem., “Dressed in a blanket”. Der. gita. Cf. syiita.

sktitash, shkt’tas, d. ski’shktash (1) sleeveless garment, cloak to wrap
the whole person in; blanket, mantle of native or American manufacture,

79, 1.; tanned buckskin robe, skin-robe, skin-blanket: shléa (for shléalam,
shldam) s. wild-cat or lyna-skin mantle, not reaching down to the knee,
now out of use; pakolsham s. mule-deer skin robe; lékam s. grizzly bear's
tanned skin; mi’shn’sham s. white-tailed-deer robe; nzdlam nil s. gray-
rabbit-skin mantle; kailio s. rabbit-fur robe, 125, 3. 5. 126, 11.12. Cf
ktks. (2) enveloping organ: suéntcham s., Mod, womb. (3) cover, cover-
ing substance: kté&yam s. rock-moss, Mod. Cf. sytitash, walshash.

ski/tawia fo tie together, to bind or fasten together, 82, 31. Der. szt’'ta

skutia, shkutfya, d. sktisktiya to dress oneself or to be dressed in a robe,
mantle, blanket, cloak, 154; 8.

ski’tcehala, skutchla, d. skushkatchla, v. trans. (1) to dress in a long
dress, cloak ov blanket, skutash. (2) to clad, clothe, wrap in, surround:
liluks-ski’tehaltko dressed ina fire-blanket, wrapped in fire; forms the
subject of a funeral incantation, 166; 26. (3) to manufacture a blanket

Jrom small patches or pieces of cloth. Der. sktttash. Cf. teshashkuala.

sk@lpka—skw'shash. o23

skii’wash, skii’-u-ash rock projecting above water or above the level of the
prairie: Skii‘washkshi, nom pr. of a locality near Yaneks. Cf. samka-ush.

skdlaps, szdlapsh, d. syashzdlaps, a peculiar kind of head-cover, 127,
1-5. Its round or rounded shape is indicated by the verb lt’tza, 127, 5.

skApuks, szdbuksh; see skapuksh.

Skatidgitko “Left-Handed”, nom. pr. of two signers of the treaty of
1864, one a Kiamath Lake and the other a Snake headman. The first is
mentioned there as Skiatic, the latter as Sky-te-ock-et. Cf. shkétitko.

skikishla, d. skishki’shla to inherit Der. skékish (1).

skéka, szii‘ka, d. shkéshka; same as shkéka, q. v.

skékish, székish, skii’kish, d. szeszékish (1) heirloom, inheritance: ski-
ki’sh p’ti’s-lilsham m’na p’lafwash-ludlks the hunting-place of golden eagles,
inherited from his deceased father, 100, 2. (2) nine; lit. ‘left over”: s. ngdk
nine turtles; te-unepinta s. pé-ula nineteen. Mod. for nadszéks K1.

skekishtaukni, d_ szeszekishtankni nine times: s. té-uniip ninety.
Mod. for nadsyekshtankni KI.

skétish, szétish, d. skeshkétish, szeszctish, adj., left, left-sided, on left-
hand side: s. nép, wék left hand, left arm; pé'tch ski’tish tapi’dshnish
(obj.) left hind-leg, 134, 14.; skétish l@’lp shlin he shot him in the left eye,
4?, 8.; skétigshta vushd in the left breast, 42, 10. Cf. shkéka (3).

shkétitko, d. shkeshkctitko (1) left-handed person. (2) Skiititko, Skat-
titko, nom. pr. of Dave Hill’s father; cf. Introd. to the Texts, page 7.
(3) Shkétitko, nom. pr. of Shacknasty Jim, the son of “ Patch-Eye”; a
Modoe warrior who voted for the assassination of the Peace Commis-
sioners, and was present at this sanguinary event. At the close of the
Modoe war he assisted the troops in tracking up Kintpuash. Cf. Note to
42, 1. and Meacham, Winema, pp. 8/-91. Cf. Skatiagitko.

shkékas, skt’kash; see skatikush.

Skékatk, nom. pr. of a Modoc chief; called so, as reported, after his
grandmother, who was in the habit of wearing something tight-fitting or
choking around her neck.

shkéks, shzo‘ksh, d. syéshzoksh tick, sheep’s tick.

ski’sha, d. skt’shksha to play the beaver- or woodchuck-teeth game, 80, 1. 6.

ski’shash, széshésh game of dropping beaver’s or woodchuck’s teeth, four
in a set and provided with certain marks; played by women. Cf. 80, 1-6.

324 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

sziye, shkaya, Mod. tchydye, d. syaszaye, Mod. tchyatchyaye gill of fish
and amphibians. Cf. mpato.

szaknéga, d. shashzaknéga to soil, besmear, render dirty. Der. kaknéga.

szapata, d. szashzpita, v. intr, to land, to disembark. Cf. kiupata.

szatkipéli to come back, to row, paddle back in a canoe, boat. Cf. szcna.

syatzidsha, d. skashzatyidsha to come back in a dug-out canoe; to row
one’s canoe back, or home. Cf. szcéna.

szédsha, d. syéshytcha to defecate Cf. ii-undla, ntintelikta, shkish (2).

sxe yi, d. syesye’yi; same as skii’-ika, q. v.

szyémintch, d. skeshkémintch eyelash.

sz%éna, skéna, d. syéshya to paddle, to row: to go boating, 74, 14.: vi’nsh s.
to row away a canoe, 133, 9.; vi'nsatka skii’na to row out in a canoe, 78, 8.;
tink nti s. long time ago I was rowing a boat; tim i szeszeni’sh xi? can
you row? lit. “are you a rower?” tchadnish tak nti sze’sh gi T cannot row;
lit. “I am not a rower”, Mod. Der. géna.

széshi'sh, the caterpillar of the hintish-butterfly and of the ptlzuanteh-
chrysalis. It is roasted for food in the same manner as the chrysalis.

szétcha, d.syeszatcha to put out two fingers, the index- and middle-finger;
a manipulation resorted to in the shttIshesh-game; cf. 79, 1-6. and Notes.

szétehash, d. szésztchash the putting forward of the two fingers mentioned
under syctcha: szétchashtka sha shlin they indicate their guess by putting
forward these two fingers, 79, 3. 5. :

szivb, szi’p, skip, a forest bird not specified: szipa nfi shui’sh J, the szib-
bird, sing my own song, 168; 41. and Note. Cf. tsdsyipsh.

szi'dsha to crawl, creep; said of snakes. Mod. for skintchna K1

sziintchna, d. syiszdntchna; same as skintchna, q. v.

szinueta to ride on a swing.

szinuitdétkish, abbr. szinuito’tch swing for children.

szitonksh, d. szisyétonksh wart.

sz6dshish, d. szi’shztchish breast, chest of horses, mules, cattle, ete.;
the French ‘‘poitrail”.

szo-ikina, d. szuszikina to row, paddle to or along the shore. Cf. széna.

sz6lakgish couch, bed, as used by the natives. Der. skii’lza.

$z0'1i, or S. madklaks, nom. pr. of an Indian tribe or band which, as
alleged, lived formerly around Oregon City, Northwestern Oregon.

syaye—shlaka. 325

szowashka, skuwdshka, d. skuskiiwéshka (1) to paddle, to sail off the
shore. (2) to stay off from the shore: walidshat s. to keep away from the
cliffs, reefs, rocks or rocky shore. Cf. syéna.

szuyamnish, d. sgushyiamnish rower, sailor; boatman; person handling
canoes, oars, boats, ships; used chiefly in the d. form. Cf. syéna.

~sztlkish, d. szushzd/lkish; Mod. for syélakgish K1., q. v.

syuludlkish, d. syushyaludlkish bedstead.

sztita, d. szfi'sziita (1) to tie together, tie up in a bunch or bundle; to wrap
im: partic. syutatko tied together, forming one bunch or bundle: ankuag
szutatko bunch of short sticks; bundle of kindling-wood. (2) to tie up pro-
visions for a trip or journey. Same word as sktita, but differentiated
from it in course of time in signification and pronunciation. Cf. wépla.

syutalya, d. szi’shztal’ka to run against a reef, to strike on a shoal.

szutash, sko’tash, d. syt’shztash, szo’sztash (1) bunch; what is bundled,
bound together, or tied around, wrapped in: na/nash szo'sztash several
bunches. (2) the two slender sticks of the four used in the spélshna-game;
they are cylindric and wrapped over with narrow buckskin straps, 79, 2.
Same word as skuitash; see remark under sytita.

sztiitka, d. sytishyatka; same as skétka, q. v.

szyutkani’tkish, abbr. szdtnétkish, d. sguszutkant’tkish (1) wsophagus,
pharynx. (2) larynx, wind pipe; s.-lakish Adam’s apple; also, throat in
general. Cf. skétka (1).

szt’tehgush, d. syuszdtchgush crossing piece, foot-log Der. skétka (2).

shldé-a, shlad, d. shlashla; see shléa.

shla-imugsh, d shlashlimuksh rattle of rattlesnake.

shla-ish, shlafsh, d. shlashlish (1) mat; rush-mat: méa-i-sh. mat made of
tule or bulrush; coarse mat for covering lodges. (2) bed of the natives;
made of mats. (3) bedcloth. Cf. laptak, shlania, shlanka.

shlayaks, shlii’-iyaks, sli/-iks, d shlashlayaksh (1) smoke; smoke of fire:
K’mukamtcham li’loks shlayaksak the camp-fire of K’mukamtch was nothing
but smoke, 99, 4. (2) gunpowder: shlayaksam wawdkoksh powder-horn:
shli’yaksam wetkokétkish load-gauger, charger. Cf. shlakéya; lit. ‘what
is spread, suspended in the air”. Quot. under Idkansha.

shlaka, Mod. shléka, d. shlashlka, Mod. shléshlka (1) fo observe, watch,

326 KLAMATH —-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

guard. (2) to keep guard over, to keep in order, to control: witch sh to ~
guard the horses, 30, 1.; ké-i kénam shlékish by no one I am observed, con-
trolled, 192; 8. Der. shléa.

shlikaya, shlagedya, d. shlashlkdya (1) v. intr., to hang down from, to be
hanging. (2) v. trans., to hang up, suspend, as clothing on a hook or line.
Cf. aggaya, kshaggdya, laggdya.

shlakdka, d. shlashlkdga, v. intr., to hang down. Cf. natitknauksaksh.

shlak&kash, contr. shlakaksh, d. shlashlkikash gullet of quadrupeds ete.

shlakadta, d. shlashlkata to saw with a small saw. Cf. laktcha

shlakatétkish, d. shlashlkatétkish (1) saw, hand-saw, small saw. (2)
dagger, poniard.

Shlakeitatko, Shlaziiftatko, nom. pr. of a Modoc man.

shlakétkish, shliko’tksh, d. shlashlyétkish aa, hatchet; larger than the
tehiktehikash. Incantation 178; 10. 1!. Cf. laktcha.

shlalaksh, d. shlashlélaksh floor of room. Cf. shld-ish, shlanfa.

- shlaltpa to give for use, to surrender for some purpose; said of tissues,
mats and similar objects: kéla sh. taluodsh madklaks they gave a large flat
bucket to stew the (dead) Indians in, 118, 1.

shlamia, d. shlashlamia (1) to feel offended by hearing a deceased rela-
tive’s, friend’s or other dead person’s name called or mentioned; to resent
or punish it as an insult, 96, 3. (2) to look sad, aggrieved, mournful ; to
act like a mourner or one bereaved, 182, ¢.: shlimuapk (for shlami-uapk)
i nanuk! look ye all mournful and therefore stop singing! 90, 1%., ef. 14.
For external signs of mourning, ef. stiya. Der. lama (3).

shlania, shlanfya, d. shlashlniya to spread out for somebody, as carpets,
mats, cloth, blankets, skins, 186; 55. 4

shlanka, d. shlashlanka to spread out, as skins, blankets: slankok shléa
tchakélatat spreading a lyna-skin in the willow-basket, 101,19. Cf shlania.

shlankdayash, d. shlashlankdyash scaffold, scaffolding. Cf. gelkaya.

shlankosh, d. shlashlankosh (1) bridge. (2) Shlankosh, or Tehtshnini
Slinkdsh, nom. pr. of the Natural Bridge, a natural rock-arch on Lost
River, Lake County, Oregon, 33, 3. and Note to 33, 2.; it is overflowed
by the waters of Lost River during many months of the year and hence
its other name: Tilhudntko, g. v. (%) Slankosh, nom. pr. of another
natural bridge near Klamath Marsh. Der. shlankua.

shlaikaya—shla-uki. ST

Slankoshkst’ksi, nom. pr. of a locality on the Williamson River;
lit. ‘“where the old bridge was.”

shlankoshla, d. shlashlankéshla to erect a bridge. Der. shlankosh.

shlankua, d. shlashlankua, v. trans., to spread out over the water, river.

shlanzoksh lining, as of a hat. Cf. shlanka, shlétilsh.

shlanuala, d. shlashlanuala to roof over, to cover with a roof. Cf. shlania.

shlanualsh, contr. shl4nuash, d. shlashlAnualsh roof. 7

shlapa, d. shlashlpa (1) v. intr., to open out, display itself. (2) v. intr., to
bloom, to blossom; to produce flowers: kayu shlapatko in the budding stage,
not yet expanded into a flower. i

shlapaliaksh, pl. timi sh., twins. Der. lapeala Cf. lapii’yalsh.

shlapsh, d. shléshlapsh (1) flower; state of inflorescence: sh. pushptshli
the flowers are of a dark color, 146, 2.; ef. 7. 12. 147, 20. (2) bud; upper
portion of plant ov weed with the flowers on it, 147, 3. Der. shlapa.

shlapshaltko, d. shlashlépshaltko flowering, blossoming ; having flowers,
buds, blossoms, inflorescence: skiwanks pushpt'shlish sh. wild parsnip has
dark-colored blossoms, 150, 1.; ef. 146, 14.

shlapshta, d. shlashlapshta to close, clinch the hand. Der shlapa.

shlatampka, d. shlashltAmpka to draw the bowstring for shooting; to draw
the bow, 23, 17. Der. shlin, -tampka.

shlataniya, shlatanfa, d. shlashlatanfa to be on the point of shooting at, to
make ready for shooting at, 163; 10. Der. shlin.

shlatpampéli to give back, to return or bring back; said of garments,
sheets ete. Der. dtpa. Cf. hashlantchuipéle.

shlateha-ish, d. shlashl’tché-ish; see shlatchayétkish.

shlatehaydétkish, slatsaya’tksh, d. shlashl’tchaydétkish saw-mill. Mod.
for shlatcha-ish K1].

shlatehiéga, d. shlashlatchiéga to splash.

shlatchka, d. shlashlatchka to sift; same as shlitchka, q. v.

shlatehknétkish, contr. shlétchknoteh, d. shlashlatchknétkish sieve.

shlatchualya, d. shlashlitchualza to splash. Cf. shlatchiéga.

shla-uki, slatiki (1) to close with a cover or lid. (2) to close or shut an
opening, as the door-flap of lodge, a door or gate: partic slaukitko the door
is closed. Mod. for ké-ishna Kl.

328 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shla-ukidéla, shlaukid’le (1) fo uncover. (2) to open a lodge-cover, door,
doorflap, opening. Mod. for kaishnila.

shlaukipéle, to shut or close the door or door-flap as an habitual act,
Mod.: i slaukipéli! shut that door!

shli/-ika, d. shlishli’ka to make or produce smoke: \iloks sh. the fire is
smoking; hagga shlii’k! (for h. shlii’-ika!) let me fire off (my rifle)! 22, 19.
Cf hashlé-ika, shlayaks.

shli’k, 22, 19.; see shli’-ika.

shléa, sliid, shlé-a, d. shléshla, slii’sla (1) to see, to behold, to look at, to per-
ceive: tunep sh. shléa he saw five lynxes, 125, 1; tsti shlad maklaks then
he sees people, 83, 2.; shlii’-at, shla’t can see, may behold, 129, 1. 2. 7. 130,
2.; hii ni Gnk shlidt 7f I should see, 129, 4.; shlii-dk for seeing, on account
of having seen, 129, 5. 130, 3.; shli-ukit (for shli’-ok at) na’d ¢f we should
see, 129, 6.; shlé4! pl. shlé-at! see this here! look here! kénktak shléshli!
(Mod) stop looking at these things! pushptishuk (for ptshpush hii‘k)
shlé’sh this thing black to look at, 73, 6.; tsulii’ks-sitk shlii’sh flesh-like to
look at, appearing like flesh, 73, 7.; Afshish-shitk slii’s so as to look lke
Aishish, 100, 10., ef. 91, 7. 147, 19. 148, 18.; ni ndnukash shli’sh ki J
can see into every corner, 22, 17.; shlid’tak at the mere sight, 19, 3. Cf.
29, 7. 100, 8. 126, 10. Note to 127, 2-4. and haggi, héshla, léshma
(2) to find, to find out, to discover after a search: slid mak’léyapks (for
mak’leyApkash) they found him encamped, 28, 8., cf. 21,13. 14.; gita nish
shle-udpka ktAyat he will find me here in the rocks, 40, 3; ka-i i késh shlé-
etak (Mod.) you will find no ipo-roots, 135, 1., ef. 2.; ké-i shléank gatpdm-
péle not finding them, he returned home, 110, 20.; shlaank watch finding a
horse, 66, 13.; shle-Gta nd mish shéwant a when I find it I will give it to
you. Cf. 43, 6. 14. 72, 2. 134, 14-16. and Note, 136, 3. 148, 1.

shlédsha, d. shléshltcha to come and see, to visit, to go on a visit, 113, 15.:
maklikshash Kéketat sh. he visited the Indians on Lost River, 36, 10.

shlé@dsh, slé’ds, (1) a species of wild hemp; made into ropes. (2) nar-
cotic part of (1); used by Indians for poisoning fish, 150, 8. Cf. shlédsza.

shlédsyza, d. shleshladsya, v. trans., to lay on the top of, to lay over; said
of garments, large sheets, blankets etc. Der. idsya Cf. nédsya.

shlé-ipéle, d. shléshlipéle, v. trans ; said of woven or sheet-like objects

shla-ukiédla—shlépka. 329

ete.: (1) to return, to hand over in return: sh. shash kala he handed them
back the kdla-bucket, 118, 8. (2) to restore, give back: kakno'Ish s. nad we
restored (to them) their elk-skin armors, 21, 5. 6. Cf. 178; 5.

shléyamna, d. shleshli’amna to take along, to carry around oneself: yaki
shléyaménank taking a basket with them strung around their bodies, 101, 12.

shléka, d. shléshlka, Mod. for shléka K1., q. v.

shlékla, d. shleshlakla, said of garments, sheet- or thread-like objects
only: (1) v. trans., to lay down, deposit; to lay on the ground. (2) sh or
partic. shléklatko I, he or she lays down; laid down; viz. “counted”;
numeral classifier added to numerals from 11 to 19, 21 to 29, 151 to
159 etc., when counting articles of the shape as described above. (3)
vy. trans.. to put on as a dress, to put around oneself, to dress in, as in a
cloak: kailiu sh. to dress in a rabbit-skin- or feather mantle. (4) v. intr.,
to lie upon, to be deposited upon: katliu tehéwat shleklapkash shléa he saw
his mantle lying upon the antelope’s back, 126, 10.; to lie on the ground. Der.
fkla. Cf. heshlaklash.

shléka, shléza, d. shléshl’ya to molder, to become musty or moldy, as eat-
ables: shléyatko shapéle, Mod., musty bread. Cf. heshlaktcha.

_shlélaluash, d. shléshlaluash, sheet-like article serving as a cover: sh.,
_or la’lpam sh. upper eyelid.

shlélaluish, d. shléshlaluish cream: édshashtat sh. cream of milk; lit.
‘what has formed a cover over the milk”.

shlélktcha, shli/lytcha, d. shleshlalktcha to deposit while going, to leave
behind, relinquish on the way; said of articles of a sheet-like form. Der.
shlélya. Cf. élktcha, lélktcha.

shlélktchana, slélktsna, d. shleshlélytchana; same as shlélktcha.

shlélya, d. shleshlélya to lay down, deposit, as on the ground, floor ete. ;
said of objects of a sheet-like form. Der. dlya. Cf. shlélktcha.

shlémpéli, d. shleshlampéli to bring back or home; to take home: yaki
shlai’mp’l i! take that seed-basket home! Der. @'mpéli. Cf. éna.

shlépéle (1) to see, behold again. (2) to find anew, to meet again, 96, 5.
Der. shléa, -péli.

shlépka, d. shléshl’pka to bring, haul, fetch, as cloth, shirts, mantles: skt’-

tash ténish shlépki! bring a new blanket! Der. épka.

330 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shlépka, shliipka (1) to see or notice at a distance, 29, 7.19. (2) to care
Jor, protect, guard the interests of: Béshtinash tidsh shlepakudpkasht Mo-
dokishash that the Government would efficiently protect the Modocs, 35, 9.;
shayudkta Tchmii’tchim tilaak shlepakudpkash he knew that he would be
well cared for by Frank Riddle, 36, 12.; nii’shtoks ma‘lash shlépaktgt that
ye take care of me, 42, 3. Contr. from shle-Apka. Der. shléa (1).

shlepkipéle (1) to bring, fetch, cr carry back. (2) to bring, fetch, as done
habitually: shlépkipal’ i’sh gé-u ténish k&po! bring me my new coat!
Der. shl¢pka, -i-, -péli.

shlépopka, shli’popka, slépapka, d. shleshlepa’pka (1) to look at from
a distance ; to take notice of; to notice, 20, 1.; to notice in one’s dreams, 83,
4.; tua i sli’popk? what are you looking at? nénuk ni tids shli‘popka shash
I perceived every one of them perfectly well (though they did not see me),
22, 14. (2) to watch, observe, to observe closely, 64, 12: at shli’papa-
kuapk ye will find out by observing, 100, 19.; tgi’tsyank sh. standing near, he
looked at him closely, 110, 15.; tidsh sh. (Mod.) to take care of: Der. shléa

shléshlaptcham, pl. tumi sh., wild crab-apple tree; growing to an alti-
tude of 6 to 10 feet and bearing eatable fruit: Pyrus rivularis.

shléta, d. shléshlta to find, discover; said of persons, animals and other
objects of long shape, 121, 19. Der. shléa (2).

shlétana, d. shleshlatana to put on loose, to cover loosely: partic. shleta-
natko loose: fitting loosely; not tight. Cf. héshltanksh.

shlétatka, d. shleshlatatka to hold over somebody or something; said of
sheet- or tissue-like articles only. Cf. ltittatka, shlétana.

shlét’hish, shlétish, d. shleshlitish (1) any loose cover or covering: sho’l-
hashtat sh. pillow-case. (2) mat to cover lodges.

shlétilsh lining of clothing: kailalapshtat s. lining of pantaloons. Cf.
shlanyoksh, shlétana, shlét’hish.

shlétya, d. shleshlitza to take away, to carry off: 1a’p nat kakno’Ish sh.
we took away two elk-skin armors, 21, 5. Der. itya. Cf. litya, uitya.

shléwala, Mod. shliwala, d. shléshluala (1) to draw the bowstring for
shooting. (2) to cock the hammer for firing: \dloksgish sh. to cock the rifle,
23, 1.; ef. 80, 14.; shlishlolélan, 41, 3.; see Note. Der. shlim. Cf. shliulila.

shléwi, slii’wi, d. shléshlui (1) v. impers., to blow; said of storms, winds,

shlin. ol

shlé’pka

wind-gusts: ké-uni, nkilak, killitk, mii’ sk& sh. the wind blows gently,
stronger, very strong, very cold, cf. 31, 2.; mtash shlé-uyuk when the south
wind blows, 94, 6. (2) v. intr., to blow from the mouth. Cf. pniwa.

shlewilamna, d. shleshluflamna to blow around in the sky, to blow in
various. directions; said of winds, 156; 35.: lit. ‘to blow down around”.

shléwish, slii’wish, d. shléshluish (1) wind; any commotion of the at-
mosphere moving in one direction only, as blast, breeze, gale, puff, storm,
tempest. 'The wind, as a carrier of infectious diseases, is very frequently
mentioned in the conjurer’s incantations: 153; 3. 155; 25. 156; 27. 30.
and Note; 168; 42. 173; 6., also the winds specified after the points of
compass, as yamash, mutash ete. Cf. kakiegsh. (2) blast from the mouth,
157; 45. (3) Sli’wish, nom. pr. of a windy locality in a bend of Lost
River. Der. shléwi. Quot. under kiteha, Ikan.

shlewita, sliiwita, d, shleshluita to blow at or upon persons, animals ete.;
said of winds, of animal breath: nii’sh a-i shliiwi’ta, kii’mat a-i shliiwita
I blow upon myself, I blow upon my back, 177; 28. Der. shléwi.

shlewitaknutla, d. shleshluitaknila to blow breath from one’s mouth:
népaksh nish sh. the disease is being blown out through my mouth, 1538; 3.
Der. shléwi. Cf. shataknila, tilutaknila.

shlikshga, shli‘kska, d. shlishlaikshga to come near shooting, wounding or
killing, 30, 7. 10°, 16. 110, 10. 13.: ta’ shlikshgan’s a Sa’t by shooting at
long range the Snakes came near killing me, 29, 20. Der. shlin (1) (2).

shlikui, d. shlishlakui (1) v. trans., to make fire by the fire-drill or
shlikuy étkish, q. v.; to kindle jire by friction or by rapid turning; to strike
a match. (2) v. intr., to catch fire, to begin to burn. Der. shlin.

shlikuish, d. shlishlikuish piece of pine-root serving to catch the spark
elicited by the aboriginal fire-drill. This piece of resinous wood is made
more susceptible to fire by being rubbed with willow-bark and charcoal.
Der. shlikui. Cf. git, kétlash.

shlikuydétkish, d. shlishlakuyétkish, any apparatus for making fire: In-
dian fire-drill; match-box, rough surface to strike matches on ete. Der.
shlikui. Cf. shlikuish.

shlin, d. shlishlan (1) to shoot at with arrows, balls, bullets ov other mis-
siles: shli’t ni’sh a nen! or shla’t ish! i’sh shla‘t! 41, 5.; shoot ye at me!

ooo KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ka-i i shli-uapk shash do not shoot at each other, 58, 10.; shlfutnapkug
hi’nk for the purpose of firing at him with it (the pistol), 66,12. Cf.
shlékla. (2) to hit, wound by shooting; to hit, wound, lacerate, disable by
an arrow or other missile dispatched: tsi sa sh. tii’kni then the men from
the other side shot him, 23, 21.; nti’sh sh. Méatokish a Modoc man, was shot
in the head, 21, 18.; shli’t t ht’nks! you must shoot him! 107, 14.; shlink
shitiga he killed by a shot, 110, 14.; shliudpka m’sh! they will shoot you! 22,
7.: partic. shlitko wounded, 24, 3. 7. 8.; obj. shlipks for shlipkash, 24, 5.;
shlit for shlitko gi was shot, 20, 8. Cf. 23, 1. 24, 1. (8) to kill by shoot-
ing or firing, to shoot with fatal effect: wink sh. siwiga I killed that girl,
23, 10.; kants sli-udpkst who might be killed, wounded to death, 21, 10.; hii’
mish shli-uapk if he kills you, 110, 6.; shlink ndekti’shtka killing them with
arrows, 136, 1.; shliituk mii’makla for killing water-fowl with it, 136, 1.
(4) to indicate a guess by a gesture made with the hand or finger; lit. “to
shoot the finger forward”, 79, 38. 4. and Note. Cf. yishka.—Speaking of
many objects shot, hit or killed, or of one subject shooting many objects
by different, repeated shots, yuta, q. v. Der. léna. Cf. ngé-isha, téwi.

shlitaémna, d. shlishl’tamna to shoot, hit, wound continually: Aishish shli’-
tam’na tilaak Aéshish hits the mark at every shot, 160, 20. Der. shlin.

shlitizgapka, d. shlishltizapka to hold the fingers at some distance from
each other in a scratching position. Cf. shatehlyama.

shlitehiza, d shlishltchiza to comb: tidsh shlitehizatko well combed. Cf.
shlitchka.

shlitehizash, d. shlishltchizash comb.

shlitehizétkish, d. shlishltchizétkish comb.

shlitehka, shlatchka, d. shlishlitchka, shlashlatchka, v. trans., to pass
through a sieve; to sift. Cf. lateha, lédsha.

shlitehkapéle, d. shlishlatchgapéle to untie, unhitch: watch at ni
shlitchgapéle ko’shtat I wnhitch the horse from the pine tree.

shlitehlka, d. shlishlatchlka to te, to tie together, as strings, animals ete. :
ké-une (ké-una), kudta sh. fo tie loose, tight.

shlitehta, d shlishlatchta (1) to tie to or together; to hitch, to attach: sh.
Ankutat to tie the branches or twigs of a shrub: watch sh. ni ko’shtat I hitch
the horse to the pine tree; topitan wiig’n sh. they fastened behind a wagon,
13,6. (2) to hitch (horses, mules) to a wagon.

shlitamna

shluikalaksh. 333

shli-uya, shlihtya, d. shlishlUya to hit or wound, though not danger-
ously or fatally, 54, 14.; partic. shliwitko (a) wounded, disabled by a shot.
(b) shot-wound. Der. shlin. Cf. ngéshe-tya, stuka.

shliuldélash, d. shlishliulélash hammer or lock of gun, rifle, pistol.

shliultla, d. shlishlulila (1) to wnstring the bow (nté-ish). (2) to uncock
a pistol, gun, rifle; to drop the hammer.

shlititta, d. shlishlita to shoot, kill by means of; see shlin (1), (8).

shliwala, d. shlfshluala, Mod. for shléwala KL. q. v.

shléa, shlé’a, pl. ttimi sh. (1) lyn, vulgarly called wild-cat: Lynx rufus:
shléa sh. 4nkotat wawakayapkash he saw lynxes sitting on tree-limbs, 125,
2.; cf 3. sqq. (2) hide, fur or tanned skin of lynx, 186; 55. Cf. sktitash.

shlo’kingsh, d. shlushlo’‘kingsh surf. Cf. Ikapata.

shlékla, sld‘kla, d. shlushli’kla to try marksmanship, to shoot at the mark,
99, 4. 100, 20.: gen shlékalsht hi after his shooting; lit. ‘tafter the time
when he will have shot at the mark,” 100, 19. Der. shlin.

shléklgish spittoon, cuspidor: wikimo-s. chamber-pot; lit. ‘spittoon
standing on ground.” Cf. shliktchna.

shloképash, shlikopsh former location of a lodge, house or building, exca-
vated area of former house; remains of Indian lodge, 180; 23.

Shloképashkshi “ Lodge-Hole”, nom. pr. of a locality at Yaneks.

slo’ksh, shlod’ktsna; see shli’ktch, shli’ktchna.

shlélush, slt/lush, d. shlushlilush whistling-stick, whistling-reed, chiefly
made of elder-wood, 122, 9. 123, 5.; reed-pipe, reed-flute. ‘These Indians
use wooden and reed flutes, pipes being scarce. Der. shléwi (2).

shlélusham, pl. timi sh., elder-tree: Sambucus (glaucus?). Cf. shldlush.

shliihuya, d. shlushliihuya fo trot, to ride at a trotting gait. Cf. shnii’-
uldsha, waéksha.

sluiteh, d. shishlitch slough, swamp, marshy tract of land; wet meadow.

shluyakiga, shlauyakiga, d. shlashluyakiga to whistle; to whistle a tune.
Der. shléwi. Cf. shlélush.

shluytga, sloytka, d. shlushliuga to whistle. Cf. shlélush.

shliika, slié’ka, d. shla/shlka, 177; 17. 18.; same as shlti’ki, q. v.

shlikalaksh, d. shli’shl’kalaksh (1) loop, noose, knot: shiitat hti’n sh.!
make ye a knot! (2) trap, lasso. Der. shlukalya.

334 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shlukalyga, d. shlushlkalya to make a knot or noose, to tie a knot: shlu-
kalzéla to untie a knot.

shlt’ki, d. shli’shlki to cat up, devour, consume: watchag sh. na‘sh liklash
pala-ash the dog ate up a whole loaf of bread.

shlikshka, d. shlushlikshga to pick to pieces for eating, devouring, 114, 9.

sli’kteh, slo‘ksh, d. slt’slaktch, slo’slaksh (1) saliva, spittle; phlegm spit
out. (2) constellation formed of “six stars” standing close together;
evidently the cluster of the seven Pleiades. Cf. shliktchna.

shliktehna, d. shlushlaktchna to spit, spit owt. KI. for kpitehtchna
Mod. Cf. kptitehna (2).

shlildsha, d. shldshlaldsha to saw with a hand-saw. Cf. sptldsha.

shlaildshétkish, d. shlishlaldshétkish (1) large saw. (2) sword. Cf.
shlakatétkish, shlatchayétkish.

shli’lksh, d. shli’shlalksh (1) scrotum. (2) testicle. (3) Sla’lks, nom.
pr. of a Modoe warrior, sentenced to life-long imprisonment for partici-
pating in the assassination of the Peace Commissioners on April 1],
1873; lit. “Large Testicles”. Called Sléleks by the whites, 44, 7.

shlalkshaltko, d. shlushlalkshaltko domestic animal not castrated ; bull,
stallion. Der. shli’lks.

shluldla, d. shlushloldéla to drift away, as a cloud or fog, 157; 43. Cf.
lia, lila, lisha.

sli’mdamd-wash steep hole showing location of an old sweat-house,
180; 23. Der. wash. Cf. shloképash.

shlushléluish, pl. timi sh., trumpeter, bugleman.

shltishsha-ish, pl timi sh., sawyer. Cf. shli’Idsha.

shlt’tila, d. shlushli‘tila to scratch out a den, burrow: kiifla sh. to scratch
up the ground; said of beasts, 157; 42. Der. lutila.

shla’tehua, d. shla’sh’tchua to take fish with a light or fire-brand: pshin
slétsuank shtédka, or pshin sh. to fish with a fire-brand or torch. Stands
for shkla’tchua; ef. klutsudétkish, skla’techkanteha.

smadhia, d. shmashmhia to cast a shadow. Cf. mahiash.

shmahilaksh, d. shmashméhilaksh shed, covered at the top only.

shma’hitehzga, d. shmashnv’hitchya (1) to make shadow. (2) to shelter,

lo give shelter. Cf. mahiash.

shmukatana. aoe

shlukalza

shma’hteha, d. shmdshm’tcha to project one’s shadow while walking or
moving. Cf. mdhiash.

shma’htchaga, d. shmashm’tchaga to project one’s shadow, 135, 1. 2.

smahui, smawi, d. smasmahui to cease raining or snowing. Cf. mahiash.

smahuydla, shmauydla, d. smasmauyédla to cease raining or snowing.

shmayalsh, d shmashmayalsh buckskin robe of female, fringed with por-
cupine quills, 154; 6. and Note; shmashméyalti is the partitive case of the
d. form. Der, shmayam (2).

shmayam, pl. timi s., (1) a yellowish species of tough lacustrine or
prairie grass used in the manufacture of basket-ware, woman’s skullcaps
etc.: Juncus (balticus?). Cf. kmi’. (2) bristle or quill of porcupine, 154;
6. and Note. Der. mé-i.

sma‘k, shma’‘k, d. smdsmak (1) coarse hair on genitals. (2) Sma‘k, nom.
pr. given to a tribe of Indians living in Oregon, south of The Dalles, as <
burlesque nickname, 143, 3. Cf. Kii’‘kakilsh, patchnam, smo‘k.

shmakaltko, d. shmashmakaltko provided with hair on priate parts.
The passage, 185; 44.: ké-i weli’sht i mish shmaékalpsh (for shmakalpkash)
gi’sh shapa explains itself through the custom of many Indian tribes of
pulling out all hair growing around the genital organs.

shmauy dla; see smahuydla.

Smé-ushish, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man.

smo/k, shmo’k, d. shmfi’shmok (1) hair of beard; long hair around the
mouth of cats and other felines. (2) beard, mustache, whiskers, goatee.
Der muk- in mikash, mukmdkli. Cf. nil, sma’k.

shmédkaltko, pl. tumi sh., (1) wearing a beard, mustache, or whiskers.
(2) Shmékaltko, Tchmdzaltko, nom. pr., given, e. g., to the Klamath Lake
chief Lelékash, who wore a little beard.

shmo/tka, shmi’tka to fill, fill up, replenish: kéla-ush a sh. ndlam 1a-
tchash sand fills our house; nanuktua kiila shmt’tkatko everything is filled
with dust. Der. mu- in mina. Cf. éwa, shdpa.

shmttkalta, d. shmi’/shmkalta, v. trans., to wet, to moisten: pi kitutana
Ambu nish, sh. gé-u kt’ksh nanuk he threw water on me, and drenched my
whole dress. Der. mukalta Cf. mu- in mitka.

shmukatana to wet, drench, dip in liquids. Cf. mukalta.

336 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

smt’links, shmitlinksh bladder of fish. Cf. lawAlash, shuidshash.

shmushmd‘klish barber, shaver. Cf hushmd’kla.

shnahualpdkta, d. shnashnahualpakta to start, raise an echo. Cf.
walta, waltka.

shnahualta, d. shndshualta to cause to sound; to ring, as a door-bell.
Der. walta. Cf. spatchfga (2).

shnafligsh, d. shnashni‘ligsh eyebrow. Mod. for shnékélish K1.

shnayéna, d. shnashniéna to fly or flutter around, as a captive bird, 177;
29. Cf. ninia, shné’dsha.

shnakptiga, d. shnashnakptiga to seize with pincers or tongs. Of. shniika.

shnakptigdétkish, d. shnashnakptigétkish pincers; blacksmith’s tongs.

shnadlualsh, d. shnashndlualsh coverlet spread over the bed. Der. lawila.

shnambua, d. shnashnambua to make eaplode by a stroke of the hand, as a
bladder. Der. mbdwa.

shnandshma-a, d shnashnandshma-a to amuse by jests or tricks. Der.
ndshama-a. Cf. kii‘la, léshuatyash, shéshtalkash.

shnantatcehlya, d. shnashnantatchlya to obtain by trapping, to ensnare:
shnantatchlyank shnika to catch by trapping.

shnantdatehlzish, d. shnashnantdtchlyish trapper: pi’m shnashnan-
tatchlyish beaver-trapper.

shnantatchlzotch trap; hunter's trap, steel trap.

shnantchakta, d. shnashndntchakta (1) vy. intr, to be sticking, stuck or
pasted on (2) v. trans., to stick or paste upon. Cf. shnatchaka, shnatkuala.

shnapémpema, Mod. shnepé’mpema, d. shnashnpémpema (1) to allure,
to fool, to induce by tricks, to entrap, 44, 3. 94,10. (2) to feign, simulate

shnapka, d. shndshn’pka to flatten, to render flat: nii'sh sh. to flatten the
head of infants; a custom largely observed by the coast tribes from
Middle Oregon northward and by the Klamath Lake and Modoc Indians.

shnashnatia, d. shnashnashnatia to sneer at, to grimace at, to make faces:
ka-4 sh. to make many grimaces. Cf. kowitiwatko, nidshonidshua

shnashniksh, sndsnéks, pl. timi s., leggings covering the leg below the
knee, and formerly worn by males and females. The summer leggings
were made of buckskin, those for winter of tule-bulrush; on both ends
they fitted tight, but were loose in the middle and had no fringes. Cf.

kaildlapsh, mitash.

*smdlinks—shnawédshka. 337

shnatakpiteh, d. shnashntakpitch cattle-whip made of leather.

shnatehdaka, d. shnashntchdka, v. trans., fo melt, dissolve, as tallow,
wax, pitch. Der. natchdka.

shnatechaktka, d. shnashntchdktka to point, to sharpen, as a stick.
Mod. for shnatchdktgi Kl. Der. tehak- in tehaktchdkli. Cf. watchaka.

shnatkalka, shnatgdlka, d. shnashnatkalka (1) to kindle up; to light, as
a lamp, candle. (2) fo set on fire: shnatgalka kalo he set the sky on fire,
96,20 Cf. nuitkolua.

shnatkolua, d. shnashnatkolua (1) v. intr., to shine from a distance. (2)
y. trans., to light a fire away from the camp or home. Der. niitkolua. Cf.
shnéna, shné’pka, shniita, shi’dsha.

shnatkuala, shnatkual, d. shnashnatkual to set up straight, to raise up to
an erect position, 120, 18. 20. Cf. tguita, tglitga, tkana.

shna-uldamna fo spit all over, to spit upon, 132, 8. Der. nawal.

shnawa‘ka, d. shnashua‘ka to put on neckwear, to adorn one’s neck with
beads; partic. shnawakitko wearing a necklace, adorned with beads or other
neckwear: tehi‘ksam sht’m shnawakitko wearing a necklace of bird-bills ;
these necklaces are worn by boys. Cf. laktash (2), nép.

shnawa’‘kish, sndwaksh, d shndshuaksh (1) beads in a bunch. (2)
neck-ornament, necklace; necklace of shells: wakash-sh. necklace of bone.

shniwedsh, snawii’ds, snéwedsh, Mod. shnawédshash, pl. wéwanuish (1)
woman; said of an adult female only: na’sh ni li’gsla snawii’ds (for
snawiidsas) I captured one female, 20, 1.; hti lish snawédshash kiya, Mod.
this woman lies, 40, 20., cf. 41, 6.; snewédshash refers to a female con-
jurer in the incantation 158; 51. (2) wife; married woman: sh. gé-u
my wife, 68, 1.; Riddlim snawcdshash Riddle’s wife, 40, 19.; lupini sna-
wédshash the former or first wife, 55, 17.; hissuaks kii’liak snawiidsh a
single man, 60, 1.; snéwedsh paldshapéluk in order to abduct (his) wife,
95, 8.; snawii’dshash palla to seduce a married woman, 59, 2. Cf. 60, 11.
14-16. 111, 13-17. Cf gtlu, mbi’shni, ndsflo, shnawédshka, waishi,
welékash, wéwanuish.

shnawédshashla, d. shnashnuddshashla, Mod. for shnawédshla K1.,
q. v. Cf. hishuatchzashla, lakiala.

shnawédshka, snawédsga, met. K] shnéwadshka (1) infant of the female

sex, baby girl: sh. gtulza the first-born girl; lit. ‘‘a girl is born first”, with
22

338 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. °

ellipsis of lupf ‘“‘at first”. (2) little girl: sh. kdhiegsh female orphan, of
tender age; sh. tg4ptcha gatshtishtat the little girl hides herself behind the
door. Contr. for shnawédshaga, dim. shnawedsh. Cf. hishudkga.

shnawédshla, Mod. shnawedshdshla and snawedshala, d. shnashnué-
dshla, Mod. shnashnuedshishla and snasnuedshdla to marry, espouse ;
said of the husband only: na‘sak, lap snawii’dsla to take one wife, two
wives, 60,17; pén snawii'dshla to marry a second wife ; lapeni hi snawed-
shdla he married twice, 55,16. Ct. mbushéala, shumpsedéla, wewanuishla.

shniki’gi, d. shnishnzii’gi; see shnekégi.

shnii/-uldsha to ride at a gallop, to gallop, or in Western parlance ‘‘to
lope”, 29, 12. Cf. waksha.

shné’dsha, d. shné’shndsha to flutter, to beat or flap the wings in water or
when running on the ground. Mod. for néna KI. Der. ne- in néna.

shné-ilaksh, contr. shné/laks, d. shneshnilaksh (1) jire-place, hearth,
120, 20. 150, 7.; ef. Note to 36, 4. (2) chimney in a room, open chim-
ney; flue of chimney. Der. shnélya. Cf. shlayaks.

shné-ipaksh, d. shneshnipaksh fire-place belonging to a lodge or en-
campment, 36, 4. and Note. Der. shné’pka.

shné-ish, species of duck, small, spotted in white on head and wings:
Bucephala albeola, 177; 27. Its limbs are made the subject of conjurer’s
incantations; cf. Note on page 178. Der. shne’dsha.

shnéka, d. shnéshnka, v. intr. (1) to burn; to be lit up, to shine. Cf. shne-
ktpka. (2) to burn through. Cf. Mba-ush-Shnékash. Der. nita.

shnekalpka, d. shneshnkalpka to heat or boil liquids: sh nt ambo,
Kl, I am boiling water. Der kélpka. Cf. tehilala.

shnékélish eyebrow; lit. “what moves from its position”. KI. for
snafligsh Mod. Der. shnékélui.

shnékélui, snii’/klui, v. trans. (1) to remove from position or location. (2)
to remove from office: lakiash snikéli-udpka nti I will remove the chief (or
subchief ) from the chieftaincy, 59, 12.15 17.20. Der. kéléwi.

shnekld’tchna, d. shneshnaklo’tehna to sail. Word recently formed,
as these Indians use no sails on their dugout canoes. Der. shnékélui (1).

shnekidtehnétkish, pl. timi sh, sail, canvas spread out, Mod.: sh.-

vi/nsh sail-boat. Cf. shnekld/tchna. Cf. shniwatnoétkish.

shné-ulia. 339

shnawédshla

shnékshita, shnfkshita, d. shneshnakshita to save, deliver, rescue, 193;
11. Der. kshita; lit. “‘to cause to escape”.

shnéktehigsh, d. shneshnaktchiksh (1) shoulder; term chiefly applied
to quadrupeds. (2) shoulder-blade.

shnekupka, d. shneshnkupka to shine, be lit wp above and at a distance:
wakai (for wak ké-i) lalap a hain shneki’pkashtkak i? why don’t you want
two at a time to shine up there? 105, 10. Der. shnéka, -u-, -apka.

shnekégi, d. shneshnké’gi, shneshnzii’gi (1) to spill, waste, lose. (2) to
lose something, as from a side-pocket. KI. for stéwa Mod. Der. kii’gi.

shne’yash, snéyash, d. shnishnézash, Mod. for shni’ysh KL, q. v.

shnezia to eat up, devour, consume, 154; 10. Cf. shliki, shnika.

shn@laksh, 150, 7.; see shné-ilaksh.

shnélya, shné’lka, d. shneshnalza to set on fire, to burn down, to reduce to
ashes, as wood, lodges, corpses etc.: tchi’sh sh. to burn a lodge, 85, 13.;
latchash shnii‘lya to set.a lodge on fire, 59, 14. 113, 22.; shneshnalydta
(supply latchash) while setting fire to the lodges, 88, 7.; sh. Lémé-ish titsk4-
aksh he burnt up the Old Thunders, 114,12. Der. nélka. Cf. shné-ilaks.

shnélua, d shneshnalua fo stain, to color, to dye: partic. shnéluatko colored,
dyed. Cf néwal.

shnéluash, d. shneshndluash (1) dot, stain, spot. (2) color, as the pro-
duct of a dyeing process.

shneludétkish, snéludtch, d. shneshnaludétkish dye-stuff, coloring matter.
Der. shnélua. Cf. shnéluash.

shnéna, d. shnéshna, or sh. li/loks to make or build a fire while on a
journey, 99, 3. and Note; 100, 15.

shnepémpema, d. shneshn’pémpema, Mod. for shnapémpema K1, q. v.

shne’pka to make or build a fire: shi’tchank anut hi’/nk sh. we have a fire
in the camp. Contr. from shné-ipka — Cf. shné-ipaksh, shii’dsha.

shnetechuéktekititch waz, beeswax: bi sh. shii'ta the bee produces wax.
Cf. tehiwiya.

shne-uyA4la to destroy, annihilate almost; to render useless by partial de-
struction: nakosh hii’nk taplalash né-ulya shne-uyalatki shash he ordered
the loon to destroy the dam to their disadvantage, 132, 1. Der. shnéwi.

shné-ulia, Mod. sniula, d. shneshntlia to catch a cold, to become rheu-
matic; to suffer of rheumatism.

340 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shne-uldédla to throw down, as a horse does a rider. Cf. shnii’-uldsha.

shné-utehna, d. shnéshnutchna to mark, to draw a line: tdlaak sh. to
draw a straight line.

shnéwadshka; met. for shnawédshga, q. v.

shnewalknétkish, d. shneshn’walknétkish bellows. Cf. niwalka No. 2.

shnéwi, d. shnéshnui to destroy, demolish, 132, 2. Der. niwa

shnidkteha, d. shnishndktcha to send a person for something: spatitish
sh to send for poison, 13, 14.

shnigéta, d. shnishngéta (1) to send off, to send away, to dispatch. (2)
to send by mail, to mail, 36, 21.

shnigd’tehna, d. shnishngo’tchna to send by mail; to send away; said
only of letters and similar objects.

shnikdlua, d. shnishnkdlua to madden, excite to rage, irritate, as persons,
dogs ete. Der. kilua.

shnikanua, d. shnishnakanua fo let ripen, to allow time for ripening ; said
of seeds, wékash, berries, 74, 8. Der. nika

shnikanudnka, d. shnishnkanudnka (!) to make pauses in the gathering
of fruits or digging of eatable roots, tubers. (2) to cease fishing and then re-
commence; to fish with interruptions. Der shnikanua

shnikishala, shniggishdla, d. shnishnkishala to distrust: sh. n’hank
hinkélam hishudksham shaptyash I do not believe all that is said by this
man. Der. ki’sh. Cf. shikfta.

shnikita, d. shnishnkifta fo lose, let fall; said of long-shaped objects, as
needles, pencils ete. Der. kéwa. Cf. hishn’kita.

shnikfwa, d. shnishnkfwa to throw, hurl, cast; said of round or bulky,
heavy objects. KI for shnikéa Mod. Cf. nutédshna, nuwalza.

shnikdéa, d. shnishnkéa; Mod. for shnikiwa K1., q. v.

shnikshékshuka, pl. timi sh., (1) to smell around, to put the nose about,
as horses, cows ete. (2) to root, as hogs.

shnikshf’lya, d. shnishnakshi’lya to make dance; to force, prompt, or
cause to dance, 16, 12.: piin sa shniksho’lza lt/luags they made the captives
dance again, 20, 10. Der. ksitléza.

shni’za, d. shnishné’ya (1) to remove the mucus: snizi mi psish! blow
your nose! (2) to snuff, sniff: plaitan sniza to snuff up into the nose.

shne-uléla—shniwatechnétkish. 341

shnizsh, shniksh, d. shnishnéysh mucus, snot: shidski mi hin sni’ysh!
clean your nose with the handkerchief! KI]. for shné’yash Mod.

shniliwa, d. shnishnliwa to kindle a fire; to strike a match. Der. niliwa.

shnindt’dshna, d. shnishnandfdshna to lose something, as out of the
side-pocket Cf ndé-uli, shnekégi, shnikita.

shnindttwa to dip, douse, let fall into the water, 123, 4. Der. ndéwa (2).

shninkak’Ilkétkish, shnenkaklyo’tch weighing-scale. Der. shnin-
kak’lya.

shninkak’lya, d. shnishnankak’lya, v. trans., to weigh by means of a
scale. Der. nki’kélya.

shninshaptchpa, d. shnishnshdptchpa to tease, to annoy. Mod. Der.
ndshiptchpa.

shnintéla, d. shnishnantdéla (1) v. trans., to let fall, to drop down. (2)
v. intr., Mod., to fall, to drop. Cf. ndé-uli.

shnintolya, d. shnishnanto’lza, to let fall, to drop. Der. ndé-ulya.

shninto’tzi, d. shnishnanto’tyi, v. trans, to let fall, to drop upon the
ground, as fruits from a tree. Der. ndé-utyi.

shnipélan, d shnishndpélan to fatten, to render fat. Der. p’lin.

shnitchiza, d. shnishnatchiza to fry: lépuinatka sh to fry in frying-
pans, 147, 20. Cf. shnitchkua.

shnitehkua, snitskoa, d. shnishndtchkua, snisnatskoa (1) to broil in a
pan; to fry. (2) to dry meat, berries or fruits over the fire. Cf. shnitchtza.

shnitchlkutkish, contr. snftchletitch small hook, crochet, fibula.

sniuzytcha, d. snisniztcha to detest, hate. Cf. mti'techka, shndékakia.

sniula, d. shnishniila, Mod.; same as shné-ulia K1., q. v.

shniulatehganka, d. shnishnulatchgdnka to glance off; said of mis-
siles: shni’ulatchgankan hii’n gi it was glancing off; the subject, tal-
dshiaga, to be supplied, 110, 11.

shniwadshna, d. shnishnuddshna to swallow: tina/k shniwdtchna to
swallow in one draught. Cf. skétka (1).

shniwatnétkish, d. shnishnuatnétkish canvas spread out, sail. Der.
niwatana; lit. “what drives along”. Cf. shneklotchnétkish.

shniwatchnétkish, d. shnishnuatchnétkish (1) esophagus, pharynx.
(2) throat. Der. shniwédshna. Cf. syutkanitkish.

342 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shnékakia ¢o detest, hate: shnékakiula nai hinksh ka-4 J hate him thor-
oughly. Cf. mi’tchka, sniuztcha.

shnékgish, d. shnushnékgish handle of tools, trunk ete. Der. shnika.

shnuitampka d. shnushnitampka to keep burning: ldloksh sh. they kept
up the fire by stirring it, 85, 9. Der. shnitya.

shnttya, d. shnié’shnia (1) v. intr., to burn, conflagrate; to be consumed by
Jive. (2) v. intr., to shine, radiate; to appear radiantly or as a fire. (3)
subst., polar light, aurora borealis, Der. nivyua.

shnuydkta, d. shnushniakta to singe. Der. shniya.

shnuydéka, d. shnushnitika to cause to burn; to burn off, to singe off, as
hair. Der. shntya (1).

shntitka, sndéka, d. shnishnka, snédshnya (1) to seize, to take hold of; to
grasp, to seize forcibly; to catch, to capture: shntk’ At mi’dsti he takes up the
spoon, 138, 5.; nép sh. to shake hands with somebody; sh. ne’p k’lakapkash
to shake hands with the deceased, 87, 10.; cf. nép; nanuk shilétish sh he
took away the whole dress, 95, 7.; hi’nk li’luags wii’k shnt’shnézank seiz-
ing the war-captives by their arms, 16, 12.; tala shnt’ksh hit haméni, Mod.:
he, she is eager to grab money; ni shnukétak (or: nti shnukaéntki), Mod.,
I will get it for myself; shnt’kshtkan (for shnt‘kshtka gi nfi) na’sh siwdk
I want to obtain (this) one girl, 28, 8., ef. 20, 7. 28, 7.; ka-i nat snfii‘kat
watch hank we did not capture the horse under these circumstances, 30, 6.
Cf. lupini. (2) to receive, obtain, be presented with. Der. ika.

shnukatka, d. shnushnkatka to approach for seizing, grasping or catching;
to go and get hold of, 183; 23.

shnttkpa, sno’‘kpa, d. shnushnakpa to seize for oneself; to grasp, to hold
Jast on purpose: shnukpapka to seize an object standing or lying on the
ground, 55, 7. Der. shnitka.

shnt’kpéli, d. shnushnakpéli to take back, to get back, to reobtain, 60, 14.
61, 10.: snikp’la 61, 10. for shni’kp’li a. Der. shnitka, -péli.

shntiktecha, d. shnushnakteha to go and seize; to catch, capture while going
or running: na’sh shnuktsdstkak hii’nk watch a man started to get hold of
the horse, 30, 2. Der. shntika.

shnikua, d. shnushnakua (1) fo grasp, to get hold of, to catch: shnukudla
to get a firm hold of. (2) to catch in the water. Der. shniika.

shnékakia—shnita. 343

shniw’ya, d. shni’shnza to parch; said of seeds, roots, fruits etc., 149, 7.
Der néka. Cf. shniita.

shntlash, sno’lash, d. shnushndélash (1) birds’ nest, 154; 9.: sh. shktle-
lam lark’s nest, 95, 5.; p’latwasham sh., 94, 9. 100, 9., yatikélam s. eagles’
eyrie; pi'sham sh. humming bird’s nest, 134, 18. (2) den of animals, bur-
row, hole, recess: tst'tskam snti‘lash ground-squirrels’ hole, 24, 13.

shnuldéka, d. shnushnldéka (1) fo snap at, as dogs, turtles ete.; said of the -
spt’'m-bird, 168; 44. (2) to scold, threaten; to scare off by threats, scolding;
to frighten, to scare: hit’nshak i pshe-utudshash shnult’/kuapkak (for
shnulikuapka ak) you will only scare the human beings, and to no effect,
114,11. Cf. shkandga, shila.

shnumatechka, d.shnushn’matchka to annoy, tease, 36, 3. Der. mi’tehka.

shnumpshéala, snt’mpsi-ala to unite a couple in wedlock, 60, 7. Der.
shumpshéla. Cf. mbushéala.

shnt’/ntatka fo interpret: shahamiyank sh. sending for somebody to act
as interpreter, 66, 16. and Note. Cf. litatka (3), nétatka.

shnuntdltchish, d. shnushnantdltchish erosion, wash-out, earth or hill-
side washed out. Der. nttltchna.

shntntaltchna, d. shnushnantaltchna to come down, to flow, rush down-
ward; said of water: Ibéna sttnshnuk Ambit shnuntaltchanudpkug to dig a
canal-ditch for the water, to canalize a stream or water-course. Der. ntiltchna

shnuntatcheld‘ks trap; ef. the more original form: shnantatchlzotch.

shnuntop’Ikétkish, d. shnushnantop’lyétkish (1) iron oven, round
oven. (2) yeast; yeasted dough for raising bread, KI. Der. nita, p’lat.

shnuntehydla, d. shnushnantchzéla to curl, as hair; to put into curls.
Cf. ndshokélatko, tehitaksh.

shnuintehzolsh, d. shnushnaintchzolsh curl; curl of hair.

shnup0o'dsha, d. shnushnpo’dsha to cause to eject, to force out of; said,
e. g., of the contraction of the musculus sphincter after defecation. Der.
ptiedsha.

shnutta, shnéta, d. shnushnata (1) to burn; to destroy by fire; ef. hushnata.
(2) to parch or dry by fire-heat: shnutétko tépesh brick, tile; lit. ‘parched
mud”. (8) to build, kindle a fire while away from the lodge or camp:
tsti Méatuash shntishnata then the Pit River Indians built fires, 23, 15.
Der. nita. Cf. shnatkolua, shti’dsha.

344 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shnutdétkish, contr. shnitoteh; d. shnushntétkish, contr. shnishntoteh
hard crust or shell of round or rounded shape: shnishntotch-gitko small
beetle; lady-bug: Coccinella septempunctata.

shnutehliktagia to plane, render smooth, 87, 3. Der. tehliyatko.

shnutehdédka, d. shnushntchdéza (1).to burn or singe to death; to kill by
burning. (2) to torment to death; to tease unbearably. Der. tchdka.

sho-, so-; words not entered here may be found under shu-, su-.
sho’dshna, d. shushd’dshna to carry in hand, in a bucket or pail. Cf. sténa.
shohdéta, d. shosh’héta to satisfy appetite or hunger; to fill the stomach.

shokek4é-ash, d. shoshkeké-ash, Mod. for shukfkash K1., q. v.

shokdétana, d. shoshkétana to bite oneself in the tongue or lip, as when
eating: shokdétantk tt’t fore-teeth; lit. “teeth biting the lip”. Der. kdéka.

sho’ksh, shi’ksh, sd’ks, Mod. tehééksh; d. shtiishdks, shéshoks, Mod.
tchédétchéoksh (1) night-heron; a noisy, gray or grayish-blue species of
heron or crane inhabiting the shores of the Klamath upland lakes and
rivers; two feet spread of wings, long bill: Nyctiardea Gardenii: si’‘mmat
(for sht/matka) shtt’ka kiii’m sho’ks the night-heron catches fish with its
bill. (2) Sho’ksh, the mythic personification of this heron, 122, 9.; also
in the form Shi’/kamtch, q. v. Cf. tehii’ksh.

shédkunka, d. shushékunka to form, produce or develop froth, foam, to
foam; said of waters. Cf. kéwa.

shékunksh, d. shushdékunksh foam, froth of waves.

shélalua to pack goods on a horse or mule with ropes.

Shélaluish ‘“Horse-Packer”, nom. pr. of Klamath headman, signer of
the treaty of 1864, and mentioned in it as ‘“Shollasloos”.

Séldshoks, Sdldhoks, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man; interpreted
by ‘‘Long-Legs”. Der. tehti’ksh.

sho’‘lhash, d. shushalhash pillow: sho'‘Thashtat shlét’hish pillow-case.

sélt, sho’lt; see shalt.

Séltehokni, or S. maklaks, nom. pr., ‘“Salt-Chuck” or Pacifie Coast In-
dian; a comprehensive term including the Coquille, Coos Bay, Saytiskla,
Siletz, Alséya, Yékona, Nestucca, Tillamuk, Nehclim, Clatsop Indians,
who are the fisher tribes of the Oregon Coast. Among the Salt-Chuck

Indians are counted also remnants of some tribes formerly living inland,

shnutétkish—spialala. 345

as a portion of the Rogue River and Shasti Indians. From the ‘Chin. J.
salt-techuk salt-water.

sho-éta, d. shoshéta, Mod. for shu-tta K1., q. v.

shépa, sti’pén, shtipa (1) v. intr, to lie in a heap, stack, pile, layer. Cf.
shdépalza. (2) adv., in a heap, ina pile: d-ati st’pén kéla-ush éhua the
sand lies deep; lit. “deeply in a layer the sand extends.”

shépalya, sht’paltka, d. shéshpalza to pile up, to heap up in a stack or
stacks, 75, 13.: kshi’n ttinepni na‘d shépelakuapk we will make five stacks
of that hay (each to form one load, for hauling it home), 75, 12.

shoteléla, shutiildla, d. shushteléla (1) to terminate, finish up, achieve ; to
come to an end with preparing. (2) to unfetter, disengage, unroll, uncoil ;
wi-ilti nti sh. I am drawing back my prepuce, 185; 42. Der. shut¢la.

shpaga, spa’gga, d. shpashpdga, spashpa’gga to wet, to drench. Der. paga.
spagdlaksh, d. spaspgdlaksh fold, crease in cloth, paper ete. Der.
spagalya.

spagalza, d. spaspigalza to fold, to fold up: partic. shpagalyatko folded,
doubled up. Cf. pakalaksh

shpdha, spdha, spaha, d. shpdshp’ha, spaspa, v. trans., fo render dry, to
dry near the fire, in the sun etc., 146, 9. 147, 15: shpahank after drying
it, 146, 10.148, 10. Der. pdha. Cf hashpazpéli.

Spad-ish Valley, nom. pr.: Surprise Valley. Lies in the northeastern
angle of California, southeast of Goose Lake. The Snake Indian chiet
Ochoho resides there with many of his men. Cf. 29, J. and Note; 31, 15.

spaka, d. shpdshpka to punch, to break by punching: spaké-wesh fool for
breaking chunks of ice. Der. paka.

spakadga, d. spashpkaga to tear, to tear up by hand, 125, 2. Der. pakaéga.

spal, tchpdl, pl. tumi s., yellow ocher, a light-colored or yellow mineral
substance; when exposed to the fire it turns red and then is used as a
paint to mark the face with small dots: tchpal shatuaya to mark the face
with ocher-dots. One of the places where it is found lies between Link-
ville and Upper Klamath Lake, on the Link River. Der pala. Lit.
“what is dried”. Cf. Li’lpakat.

spalala, d.spashpalila to feed; said of animals feeding their young. Der.

pin. Cf. hashpa.

346 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

spalptehi (1) looking like spal-paint, ocher. (2) light yellow, light brown,
like dry leaves in the fall. Der. spal, -ptehi.

spdmi, d. spaspdmi needle of the pine-tree, green or dried up. Der. pala.

Spadnidlkni Spaniard; Mexican; white man from the South.

spatddsha, d spashp’tddsha, v. trans., to stretch, to stretch out by hand, to
extend. Der. patadsha. Cf. spitadsha.

spaAtcha, spa’tcha, spdétsa, d. spaptcha (1) to split in the whole length, as a
piece of wood. (2) éo tear, as cloth, paper. Der. padsha. Cf. petéga.

spatchiga, d. spashptchiga (1) to twist, turn over, as one’s lips, ears. K1.
(2) to ring, as a door-bell: wawé-ush s. to ring the door-bell. Cf. atchiga.

sp4-utish, shpatitish, d. spashpa-utish poison of every description, 13,
14-17.: s. it& tchulé’kshtat to poison meat. Der. pin. Cf. ké-ish, stétmash.

Spawatkshi, nom. pr. of a locality on the Sprague River, near Yaneks.

spekandétkish, d. speshpakandétkish sewing needle: lit. “tool to draw
out”. KI. for spfkanash Mod, q. v. Der. spika.

spekpéla, d. speshpakpéla to squint: partic spekpélitko (a) squinting,
squinter, cross-eyed. (b) Spekpelitko, nom. pr. mase. Kl. Der. spika, -péli.

spekp’litkptchi, d. speshpakp’litkptchi cross-eyed.

spelétaklitch, d. speshplétaklitch rake. KI. for wakatchdétkish Mod.

spélsha, d. spespdlsha to advance, to put forward; usually said of fingers,
79, 6. Der. spéluish.

spélshna, d. speshpélshna (1) to put forward the index-finger (spéluish),
or other fingers. (2) to play the spélshna- or Indian guessing game by
putting forward fingers to indicate the supposed location of the four
game-sticks lying under a cover. See p. 80, first Note. Spéldshna is a
corruption of spélshna. Contr. from spéluishna. Der. spéluish.

spéluish, d. speshpdluish (1) second finger, indea-finger ; cf. yishka,
yushzish, the first Note on p. 80, and Note to 79, 8. (2) name of several
moons of the Maklaks year: usually mentioned in the instrumental case
spéluishtka, and then used in a temporal sense. The spéluish- or index-
moons correspond, though not exactly, to our month of February, 7,
19.; to our July, 75, 1.; and to our September, 75, 11. Der. pélui (2).

Spespakp’litko, nom. pr. mase. K1.: ‘“Squinter”, “Cross-Eye”; a.
form.of partic. of spekpéla, q. v.

spalptchi—shpéotu. 347

spé-ukitehna, d. shpéshpukitchna to continue eating up, 118, 5.

spfamna, shpiyamna (1) fo pull forth, to draw forth, to drag out: kiafla s.
to drag out earth, dirt, 163; 14. (2) to lead by hand, as a child or horse:
spiyamnitko watch nf géna A’shlin I take horses with me when going to
Ashland. Cf. piena, spika, Wyamna.

spidsha, d. spishptcha to drag behind, to draw, pull after oneself. Ct.
pfena, spiamna, spika.

spidshi/dshna, d. spishptchtidshna to wncoil, draw out; said of a string
or rope fastened at one end. Der. spidsha.

spika, shpi‘ka, spiké, d. spi’shpka to draw, pull out, as a rope, string,
thread. Cf. pfena.

spikanash, spékanash, d. spishpakanash needle, sewing needle: i spika-
nashtka skentchantak you will sew with a needle. Mod. for spekanétkish K1.

spitadsha, d. spishptadsha to pull at; to stretch, extend, pull out; said of
the pulling of ears, fingers, the pinching of noses, the stretching out of
elastic objects ete. Cf. spatadsha.

spitkala, spitkal (1) v. intr., to drift, to move up slowly, as clouds. Cf.
shluléla. (2) v. trans., to make stand up, to raise up, 24,15. Der. pitkala.

spiteha, shpi’tcha, d. spi/shptcha; said of fire only: (1) v. trans., to extin-
guish, put out: spitch’i ldloks! put out the fire! (2) v. intr., to go out, to
become extinct: li/liksh shpitcht (for spitchasht) after the fire has become
extinct, 85, 10. Mod. for spitchka KI. Der. pitcha.

spitchka, d. spishpdtchka, KI. for spitcha Mod., q. v.

spitchotkipéli, d. spishptchotkfpéli to haul or pull down: ple'k s. to
haul down the flag. Der. spidsha.

shpiu’hpush Harris’ woodpecker, spotted; Picus Harrisii: 180; 6. Ono-
matop. Cf. piupititana.

shpdétu, sptitua, d. spéshptu, spti’shptd, spfa’spatua (1) fo take strong physi-
cal exercise by rambling for five days and nights through hills, woods
and vales, fasting, plunging in cold water, rolling large boulders uphill,
then sleeping outdoors to obtain magie dreams ete. These exertions
form a part of the mourning customs of the Oregonian Indians, 82, 10.
83, 1. (2) to become vigorous, strong by the above exercises; to fortify,
strengthen, invigorate oneself. Cf. luatpishla, sptika, sputidsha

348 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

sptigatko, d.spushptigatko gray, gray-colored. Cf. piikpa’kli, skédshatko..

spttka, sptka, shpdka, d. spt’shpka (1) to put out the feet, as out of a door,
wigwam, window, with or without adding pée’tch (feet). Cf. eiza, nika.
(2) to lie down, to lie on the ground: shpdka mantchak he lay on the ground
for a while, 110, 14; ti’shtok spuka -shli’tk K-ukskni where the wounded
Lake Indian was lying, 24, 3.; spti’ksksaksi where the (wounded man) was
lying, 24, 20.; partic. spikatko recumbent, lying on ground. (3) to le in
bed; lit. “to stretch the legs out”. Cf. sptinka.

spttkanka, d. shpushptikanka to move the feet quickly. Cf. putchkénka.

Spukii’n, or Sp. maklaks, nom. pr., Indian of the Spokane tribe of Wash-
ington Territory, eastern part, belonging to the Selish family. Two or
three Spokane men live on the Klamath reservation. Cf. Note to 78, 15.

spwkli, spttklia, sptiklea, d. sptishpakli, shptishpaklia (1) ¢o take a steam-
bath in a sweat-lodge; refers either to the daily steam-bath in the small
willow-lodges, 82, 4. 8. 10., or to the three mortuary sweat-lodges, 89, 7.
142, 6-9. 12-15. (2) fo sweat in willow-lodges and dance during five
days under the direction of the conjurers at Klamath Marsh, in the
wo6kash-season, in order to insure a good crop of pond-lily seed. Der.
sptka. Cf. lamkdéka, spt’klish.

spt’/kliga, d. spushpdkliga little sweat-lodge; such as found erected near
every Indian lodge. Contr. from spuklidga. Dim. spt‘klish.

spt/klish, d. spushpéklish sudatory, sweat-lodge. They are of three
kinds: (1) small ones made by bending over a few willow boughs; these
are covered by mats or blankets to confine the steam, are used daily by
the Indians, 82, 3., and a more spacious kind serves also as a place of
retirement for women in childbed and during the menstrual period; in-
cantation, 178; 9. (2) solid structures erected of timber, stones and
earth, and visited by mourners only. Three of these exist in the Upper
Klamath Lake country, all given to the Lake Indians by K’mikamtch,
82, 7.. 142, 6. (Wakdksi) 12. (E-ukalkshi), and the K4-ashkshi s.; the
Modoe tribe had some of their own. (3) the communal dance-house or
kshitilgish is also called sweat-lodge (ef. wala); it is a spacious structure
erected in the style of earth-lodges (Itildamaldksh, q. v.), having an

entrance on a level with the floor, 75, 11. Der. sptika (2).

spigatko—spuliksh. 349

sptklishla, d. spuspdklishla (1) to erect a sweat-lodge by bending over
afew willow poles. (2) to lay mats or blankets wpon the sweat-lodge to
confine the steam. Der. spfé’klish.

Spwklish-Lawish, nom. pr. of a sweat-lodge and camping-place on
Klamath Marsh; lit. ‘‘Promontorial Sweat-Lodge”.

sptklitcha, d. spushpaklitcha to yo and sweat in a sudatory; to start out
Sor a sweat-bath or steam-bath, 82, 5. 88, 3. 89, 6.

sptiklitta, d. spuspaklitita to use for sweating purposes, to use for steam-
baths ; lit “‘to sweat by means of”, 82, 7. Der. spt’kli.

spiktchampka, d. sptishpaktchimpka to heap up earth, to make mounds ;
said especially of the small grave-mounds, about man’s length and sur-
rounded by palings, 88, 2.

spttkua, d. spushpdkua to spread out, extend, display: Shi’kamtch s. w’na
tchi’ksh Old Crane parted his legs (across the river); Old Crane stepped
across, 122, 23.: partic. spikuatko (a) spread out, displayed, distended; (b)
inflamed; said of eyes only; lt’lp shpushpashkuatko gi both eyes are in-
flamed. Cf patdidsha, sptkanka

spuktga, d. spushpuktga (1) to drag by the feet. (2) to drag, to draw,
pull. Der. sptika.

spuktgatchna, d. spushpktigatchna (1) to drag by the feet or legs, while
on a march, 13, 6. (2) to drag behind, to drag over the ground.

sptldsha, d. spuspaldsha to saw with a cross-saw.

sptlhi, spuli, d. spushpalhi, spii’shp’li, v trans., referring to one object
only: (1) to put, place, carry, bring inside, within, indoors. (2) to close,
close up, contract; to contract a muscle, e. g., the musculus sphincter — Cf.
shnupo’dsha. (3) to take in, confine, lock up, imprison; to punish by in-
prisonment, 58, 11. 12. 13. 59, 2. 11. 60, 2. 3. 21. 78, 15. ete: tcheks
shpulhiudpka he will soon be locked up, 66, 4.5. Speaking of more than
one object, flhi, q. v. Cf. hushpalhi, kui (2).

spulhikish, d. spushpalhfkish, full form of spuli‘ksh, q. v. Der. sptwlhi

spulhitka, spulitka, d. spushpalhitka to return from placing inside, closing
up, imprisoning: gii'mpéle spulhi'tkuk they went home, returning from the
imprisonment (of Doctor John), 66, 6.

spuliksh, d.spushpali‘ksh jail, guard-house, place of confinement, imprison-
ment for one person. Contr. from spulhikish. Cf. iligish, skikum-bouse.

350 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

sp tim the female of the shki'-hawk, q. v.; incantation, 168; 44.

spuni’ksh, shpone’ksh, d. spushpné’ksh time for rest ; night or later part of
evening: nanuk spunii‘ks every night, 78, 4. Der. spunéga. Cf. lulalkish
and the Lat. nox concubia.

spunéga, d. sptishpnii’ga, v. impers., it is late in the evening or night; itis
sleeping time: tchti shpdniik then it became late, 100, 11. Cf. spttka.

spunékla, d. spushp’ncékla, v. impers., i is getting late at night.

spungitgapéle, spunkatkapéli, d spuspangitgapéle to take back, bring
back again; said of one anim. object, 78, 13.

spungatka, spunkatka, d. spuspangatka to take a person along with
when returning; to return in somebody’s company Der. sptinka.

spingatcha, d. spuspangatcha; same as sptinktcha, q. v.

spt’/ni, shptini, d. spt’shpni to give, to confer upon; to present with, transfer
to, as a squaw, slave, head of cattle ete.: kd-i hk watch m’sh spunf-uapka
she need not transfer a horse to you, 60, 15.; li’gs g@é-u spuni’sh the slave
transferred by me, 20, 18.; spuni’n (for spuni’ nti) L had given or trans-
Jerred, 20, 18.; ka-i snawedsh sptint vushtik through fear they did not give a
wife to him, 93, 1. Speaking of more than one object, shewana, cf. 60, 16.

spttnka, shpt’nga, d. spushpdnka, spushpanga to let out of, to dismiss, to
let go. Lit. “to cause to move the legs”; cf. sptika.

spunkampéli, d.spushpankémpéli to dismiss from jail, to set free, 78, 16.

spt’nkanka, d. spfishpénkanka (1) to travel along with, to take as com-
panion for traveling. (2) to take up for oneself, to keep in one’s company, as
aman, child, strange dog ete., 55, 18. Der. sptinka.

sptinktcha, spungatcha, d. spuspanktcha to take, bring along while on
one’s march; said of one anim. object. Der. sptinka.

spinktchapéli, d. spishpénktchapéli to convey, to bring back or home
while on a trip, march or journey; said of one anim. object, 78, 14.

spunshampéle, d. spushpansh4mpéle to lead, convey or take back, to
take or bring home, 66, 3. 96, 5. Der. sptinshna, -péll.

spttnshipka to bring or convey somebody towards, 107, 4.

spunshipkfa to bring along with, lead, convey a person for another, 107, 9.

sptiinshna, d. spushpdnshna (1) to take along with, to take along as com-

pamon, 95,1. (2) to take away by flattering, to coax away. (3) to take

spt’m— sta-ila. dol

along forcibly; to capture, arrest; to convey as a captive, 24, 15. 36, 17. 66,
3. 133, 9. 10—Speaking of more than one anim. object, éna, idshna.
Cf. hushpadntehna.

spuntza, d. spushpantya to abduct, steal, take away from: spt’ntyashtka
giug snawedsh m’na for the purpose of abducting one of his wives, 94, 10.

spuntpa, d. spushpantpa to bring, take along with; the French ‘“em-
mener”: li’ks t’shi’n spt’‘ntpisham a@ prisoner of war grew up to adult age,
after they (the enemies) had carried him off, 16, 14. Speaking of a plural-
ity of anim. objects, itpa.

spuntpampéli, d. spfishpantpdmpéli fo bring back to, to travel back or
homeward with, 78, 15. Speaking of a plurality of anim. objects,
itpampéli.

sputidshanuish, d. spushptidshanuish furrow made by the plow

spt’tua, spétu, d. shpi’shpatua; same as shpdétu, q. v. Cf. sptika.

sputt’dsha, d. shpushptifi’dsha to go out to fortify oneself; to go and take
exercise for becoming strong in body. Der. shpdtu.

sputtya, d. spushpttya to plow. Der. putdya.

sputtyotch, d. spushpttiyotch plow. KI. for shutoyétkish Mod.

sputtyuish, sputdé-iwish, sputt-ihuish, d. spushpté-iwish furrow of
plow. Der. sputiya. .

sputchta, d. spushpatchta to frighten, to scure, to terrify. Cf. hush-
patchta, putchta.

std, shta, d. stdsta, shtashta (1) to be full, filled, replete, 75, 9: shtdé satka
the prairie was full of them, 107, 6. Cf. éwa, iwa, shmo’tka, shépa. (2)
to be complete, entire. (3) adv., fully, to repletion. (4) adv., completely,
entirely: sht4 tok sa K-ukskni hashampka the Lake warriors completely
encircled them, formed an unbroken ring around them, 23, 12.

stagi, shtagi, d. shtashtagi to fill, fill up, make full: shtigi m’na ya'ki she
jilled her seed-basket with roots, 118, 4. 7. Speaking of many subjects,
sta-ila. Der. sta, gi (5).

st&-ila, shti’-ila, d. shtashtila, v. trans., referring to more than one sub-
ject: (1) to dig out edible roots, tubers or bulbs with a tool (A4mda); an
occupation devolving almost exclusively upon the women of the tribe.
Cf. méya, stagi. (2) to gather, collect, reap edible seeds by beating them

552 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

from the bushes into the basket, 75, 5. 146, 4.; to gather berries; to bring
together ; said of the stalks of the mé-i or tall bulrush-grass, 148, 3. Lit.
“to fill down into (the basket)”. Der. sta.

stainaksh, d. stastinaksh heel. Cf. staklinsh.

stikla to fasten, to stick up: vi nshtat s. to stick up on a dugout canoe, 150, 5.

staiklinsh, stakélins ball of the foot: stakélinsksaksi at the ball, 24, 18.

stakolélatko, d. stashtakolélatko bald-headed.

staikptinksh, d. stastikpunksh (1) leech. (2) snail, slug: stalktpunksam
latchash snail-shell; lit. “snail-house”. Cf. the German: Schneckenhaus.

Staiktaks, nom. pr. of a camp-site on the Sprague River; interpreted by
“End of the Hill”.

staldla, d. stashtaldla, shtasht’lala to fill: pdksh s. to fill the pipe, 14, 4.
and Note. Der. sténi.

stalégatko, shtalikatko, d. stashtalégatko, adj., in close contact with,
Sastened to, e. g., to the animal body. Said of coverings for the feet: ati
s. waksna high-topped moccasins ; wiuka s. low-topped. Der. taliga (1).

stalksh, d. stéshtalksh wall; house-wall, wall of building. Der. stalza.

stdilzya, d. shtashtalya to plant two poles in the ground; see téwa.

stdini, shtani, d. stastni, shtdshtni, adj., full, filled with, replete, brimful:
s. kalo ktcha’l (supply: gi) the sky is full of stars; shnilash a s. nadpal
the nest is full of eggs; éwaga s. wishink the pond is filled with garter-
snakes; yia'kiti wokash s. the seed-basket is full of wokash; lit. “the lily-
seed is brimful within the basket”; nép, wé’k s. a handful, armful. Der.
sta. Cf. kiflash, néwa, sténa, sti.

stanitchna, d. shtashtntitehna (1) v. intr, to lose, to be deprived of one
object, 43, 9. (2) v. trans., fo deprive af, to cause to lose, 43,16. Cf. stéwa.

sta-éta, d. shtashta-dta, v. intr., to starve for a while, to be famished for the
time being: sta-dtank makual he camps out while starving himself or fasting,
§3, 2. Dur. of stawa. Cf. shpétu.

stap, shtap, pl. ttimi s., flint arrow-head, flint spear-head, 134, 17.

stapala, stapal, d. shtashtpal, Mod. form of stépéla, q. v. -

stapdatehka, sttpatchka, d. shtashtapatchka to wash one’s own face: p’lat-
wash stépatchka the golden eagle washed his face, 134, 11.: nti stapatsku-
Apka I am going to wash my face. Cf. shatashpapkia, shetatcha.

stapatchkdétkish wash-basin; lit. “what serves for washing the face”.

stainaksh—shté@ksh. ape

stapka, d. stastapka to pound, make fine, mash fine: shtépka (sha) kta-
yatka they pound with stones, 147, 11. Cf. ndshapka, ska’.

stapétkish, d. stashtpétkish wooden or steel needle used in the manu-
facture of mats; length about six inches. Cf. stapsh.

stapsh mat made of bulrush, lacustrine grass: s. latchash cabin covered
with bulrush mats, ‘‘tule lodge”. Cf stapka, sté-ulash.

stashtamnish, pl. timi sh., set of earrings. Cf. hashtamna.

stawa, d. stashtua (1) v. trans., to deprive somebody of food or necessaries ;
to starve. (2) v. intr. or refl., to be deprived, to deprive oneself of the neces-
saries of life; to starve, to starve to death, to be famished. Cf. hashtéwa.

stii-ildsha, shté-ildsha, to start out for digging roots, bulbs; to set out for
gathering fruits, seeds, 101, 4. Der. sté-ila, q. v.

Steamboat, nom. pr. of Steamboat Frank’s first wife, 5", 17.

shtéginsh, pl. tumi st., stocking: nétu an lédshish s. I have practice in
knitting stockings. From the English.

shtéginshala to knit, make, manufacture stockings.

stefnash, shta-inash, d. shtashtinash (1) heart; the agency and principle
of physical life, vitality, 118, 10., 175; 17.: Lémé-isham s. the heart of
the Thunders, 114, 4—8.; shko’ksam s. the spirits’ heart, 174; 11. Cf.
pahdka, shila. (2) soul or sensitive power of man: gé-utala s. to my heart's
content; kt-is. gi to be aggrieved in one’s heart; ki-i sti’ta pipélangshtan
stainas they mutually embittered their lives, 78, 5.; litchlitchlish s. gitko
plucky, brave. Cf. ma’sha, o-dakgi. (3) morals, sense of right and wrong:
tidshi, k6é-idshi s. ef good, of wicked character.

steinshaltko, d. stashtinshaltko (1) possessed of a heart. (2) having
sensitwe or moral affections or qualities; disposed, affected: at tidsh nti
stainshaltko now I am rejoicing, now my heart is gladdened. (3) thoughtful,
reflective. (4) Steinshaltko, nom. pr. masc. K1; interpreted by “Big
Heart”, which is intended for “plucky” or “magnanimous” and presup-
poses a fuller form of the name: Md’-Steinshaltko.

shtéyak’lakpa to listen, hearken, 114, 1.

stékish, d. shtéshtkish doorway, passage, entry: latch’sam s. doorway of
lodge. Cf. stékish.

shte’ksh, sté’ks, sti’‘ks, Mod stéks (e short), d. shté’kshtaks, Mod. sté’k-
23

354 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shtaks (1) nail on finger and toe. Quot. under gutila. (2) claw, fang;
talon: tsi’ksam s. bird’s claws or necklace made of such; Iékam s. grizzly
bear's claws: \ékam s. shnawakitk wearing a necklace of grizzly bear's claws ;
such necklaces are seen no longer, but formerly were worn by men and
especially by women below the breast, being highly valued on account
of their flavor (ef. stika). Cf. nép (8).

stelapkish, d. shteshtlapkish, adj., right, on right-hand side: shni‘ka
stdlapksh (for stelapkishash) né’p they grasp his right hand, 87, 13. Mod.
also pronounce stelépgdsh. Cf. skétish, shkétitko.

steléwa, d. shteshtaléwa to stir, excite the water. Cf. Ikan, teheléwa.

stémsh, d. shtéshtamsh woman's private parts.

sténa, d shtéshta to carry in a pail or bucket. Der. éna. Cf. sho’dshna.

stétmash, d. stestatmash dipped in poison; poisoned: ngeé'sh s. poisoned
arrow, 90, 18. Cf. temadsha.

sté-ulash, shtdé-ulish, d. steshtt’/lash (1) rush or tule-mat to cover Indian
lodges: pe/ni shté-ulash coarse mat made of the tall pa’ni-grass ; used for
covering cabins. (2) willow-framed lodge (stina’sh) covered with rush-mats.

stéwa, d. shtéshtua to lose, to be deprived of: nanuktua s., to lose every-
thing; shtldshash s. they lost or missed soldiers, 37, 22. Speaking of one
object, stant’tchna, q. v. Mod. Cf. shnekégi, stawa.

stéwa, shtdé-ua (1) to mix with, to mix up, mash up with, mingle, 150, 9.
(2) to mix with water for kneading; said of dough. Der. éwe

stéwi, shtéwa to shoot several objects by the same charge. Der. téwi.

stialtko, stéaltko, d. stista‘Itko containing resin or pitch, 75, 5.; smelling
like resin. Der. stiya.

stiya, stia, shti-é, d. stishtia, shti’shtie (1) resin, as exsudated by pine-
and other trees, 96, 6., ef. pila; shti’ya shishi’dsha they put resin on their
heads as a sign of sorrow, 132, 6.; shtfé shupéléka nt’ss wendyuk they
heaped resin on her head, for she had become widowed, 89, 6. (2) piteh, tar.

stika, shti’ka, d. shti’/shtka, v. trans., to scent, to perceive by smelling: pli
s. to smell fat or lard; Vik hinksh shti‘kok vi/shat the grizzly bear smell-
ing (the ko'l-roots) will flee him, 147, 18. Cf. shte’ksh.

stiiklkish, shtfklgish, d shtishtiklgish notch, incision: nge’sham s.

notch at lower end of arrow tor applying the bowstring,

stelapkish—stilta. 300

stikshui, Mod. stikshuai, d shtishtakshui (1) boot. (2) shoe. From
English through Chin. J.; stick-shoe: “high shoe”. Cf. wakshna.

stilaka, stillaga, stiléza, d. stistaléka to await in a canoe the entering of
Jish into the téwash-net; to fish with the téwash-dipnet: la-ikdshtka s. to fish
with the la-iksh-dipnet. Der. tila.

Stilakgish “Dipnet Fishery”, nom. pr. of a camping site on the William-
son River. Der. stilaka.

stilankansha to pass a gate, as teams and wagons. Der. tilankansha.

stilanksh, d. stishtélanksh (1) hoop, circle: tchikémiin s. iron hoop. Cf.
hishtilankanke-o'tkish. (2) quiver with its string and arrows. Cf. stilash,
tikanksh.,

stilankua, d. stishtélankua to ford a river on a wagon; lit. “to wheel
through the water”. Cf. gakua, pankua.

stilanshna, stilantchna, d. stishtélanshna, v. trans. (1) to roll on the
ground or floor. (2) to drive a hoop, wheel or circle.

stilash, shtihash, d. shtishtalash string used as a holder, handle (of basket
etc.); s., or tikankshti s., guiver-strap, made of buckskin hide: tsuyésham
or tsuyéshti s. guard-string of hat; ya'kiti s. string of the conical root-basket,
which is worn on back.

stilhipéli, d shtishtalhipéli to return and tell, to report: s. shash katni
he reported to those staying in the kaydta-lodge, 112, 10. Cf. stilya No. 2.

stilkakuish, d. shtishtalkakuish person sent out to report forth and back ;
messenger, dispatch carrier ; chiefly used inthe d form. Der. stilza No 2

stilya, shtilka, d. shtishtalya, v. trans., to melt, as lead, tallow: shuldlan
s. to melt in a pan, pot, ladle or crucible; to place into (the net) to be dis-
solved in the water; said of fish-killing substances, 150, 4. Der. tilza.

stilya, d. stistailya to report; to make known, to divulge. Ct. stilta, stiltpa.

stillidanka, shtilitanka to report, to carry news, to bring information,
111, 21. Der. stilta. Cf stilya No. 2, stull.

stillinash, d. stisht’linash tallow, rendered fat. Cf. stilya No. 1.

stilshampéli, d. stistalshampéli (1) to report back: shtilshampéli-
udpkuk for the purpose of reporting, 29, 17.; stildsampéldk sas in order to
announce (it) to them, 22,15. (2) to bring a message. Der. stiltchna, -péli.

stilta, d. stishtdlta to announce, report to; to inform somebody personally

356 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

or through a messenger, fo tell somebody about, 94, 9.: K’mukémts an’sh
platwash shti/lta A’mukamtch told me about the golden eagles, 101, 15.
Cf. hishtalta, shapfya, stulf.

stiltish, d. stistaltish (1) announcement, message. (2) used as a verbal of
stilta in 55, 14, ef. Note.

stiltpa, d. stistaltpa to announce to, to bring a message to, 40, 23.

stiltehka, stilshka, d. stistaltchka (1) to report, to announce in the quality
of a messenger: giyan shti’lshga to report lies, to lie in one’s reports, Mod.,
38, 16. (2) to divulge a sccret, Kl. Der. stilta.

stiltchna, shti‘lshna, d. stistaltchna to go and report, to start off, to report,
inform, to carry news or information, with verbal cond., 39, 20 43, 22.:
né-ulaksh s. to bring a message, 38, 14.; gend shti/Idshnuk he went with
the message, 88, 8. Der. stilta.

stind-a, d.shtishtndé-a (1) to build, erect a stina’sh or tule-covered lodge, 1X1.
(2) to build a house, lodge, cabin of any description, Mod.: shtishtnao’tan
Jor erecting lodges with the split rails, 25, 4.

stina ga d. stistina’ga little willow-lodge, small cabin, 82, 8. Contr. form
stind-aga. Dim. stina’sh, q. v.

stina’sh, shtina’sh, d. shti’shtinash, stistinash (1) K1., wllow-lodge ; Indian
cabin erected on a frame of willow boughs bent over; when covered with
mats, it is called sté-ulash: yaukéla-stuptiyuk s menstrual lodge. (2)
building, lodge, house of any description; dwelling-house built in Indian
or American style; outhouse, provision-house, shed ete.: shtindshti palla
to steal from the house. Mod. for latchash Kl. Der. stind-a. Cf. at, létesh,
lutila, sté-ulash, tehi’sh (2).

stiinkpéli to bend, to bend back: nwvhléshtka s. nté-ish to bend the bow by
(drawing) the string.

stinta, d. stistdanta (1) to receive well, in a friendly manner or with honors:
pi a n’sh tidsh stinta he received me well. (2) to love, to like, as a friend,
parent or relative: mi hu gé-u stintish you are dear to me; cf. 93, 7.
(3) to revere, worship, 1384, 19.; to appreciate, to value or prize highly, 139,
2.9 Cf. hishtanta, tintampka, tintpa.

shtipa, d. shtishtpa (1) to be clouded, to be full of clouds: kaélu a stfpa
paishash the sky is covered with clouds. (2) to be clouded with lamb-clouds,
Mod. Cf. kalo, paisha, tgiwa.

stiltish—stoshtétish. 357

stipaléza, d. shtishtépdlya to turn upside down, to turn over. Der. p'lat.

stipl, pl. timis., stable; stable with barn. From English stable.

stitzya, d. shtishtatza to cheat, defraud of. Der. ftya. Cf. palla.

stiwizétkish, d. stishtuizétkish baby-board; small board to which
infants of Western Indians are tied and carried about by their mothers
while their heads are undergoing the process of flattening. Mod. Der.
iwizétkish. Cf. émtchna, shuéntch.

stiwini, d. stishtuini to stir up, as dough: népatka s. to stir with the hand
or hands. Der. iwina. Cf. kuloyéna.

sté, shtd, d. stéshtti; see stu. |

stékish, d. stédshtkish doorway, gate: ktchinksham s. gate of a corral, in-
closure. Mod.; unknown to Kl. Der. sti. Cf stékish.

stédkuaga, stékuak “‘Vittle bwrrower”: (1) species of small fish, four or five
inches long. (2) species of long-tailed squirrel: Spermophilus Beechey?.
(3) Stékuag, abbr. Stédkua, one of Afshish’s mythic wives, mentioned in a
mythologic tale, and supposed by some to be the small fish (1), by others
the squirrel (2), 99, 10. 100, 5. 11.12. Der. sti (1). Cf. méhiash.

stépalhuish, or stapalufsham, d. sta’shtpalhuish (1) tree partly peeled
off. (2) verbal indef. preterit of stépéla, q. v. Cf. wapalash.

stédpalsh, d. shtéshtpalsh the inner or fibrous bark of trees; the sweet-
tasting fiber-bark of the kipka pine-tree is peeled off and eaten raw by
the Indians in April, when the sap goes up, and later in the spring, 148,
19-22. Cf. stdpéla. Cf. kné-udshi.

stédpalsha, d. stédshtpalsh to scrape off annually or habitually the fibrous
or inner bark of pine-trees, especially of the kapka-pine; to peel a pine-
tree and eat the fiber-bark, 148, 19. and Note

Stépalsh=-Tamadsh ‘Solitary Peeled Pine”, nom. pr. of a locality near
Klamath Marsh, 74, 16. From stépalhuish, tamadsha.

stépatehka, shti’patchka, d. shti’shtpatchka; same as stapdtchka, q. v.

stépéla, Mod. stdpala, d. stéshtpéla to scrape off, peel, remove the inner bark
of trees, 148, 20.: ké’sh stépaluish, stépalhuish pine-tree partly deprived
of the fiber-bark, 148, 21. 22. Der. u-, pala; lit. ‘to make dry above.”

stoshtétish, pl. tumi s. (1) gopher, mole; a species of Thomomys ; lit.
‘maker of passages”. (2) bugleman, trumpeter. Der. sth. Cf. sttika.

358 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

stti, shtt’, std, d. shtti’sht@, stdshtfi (1) passage, aperture in the ground;
burrow, den, hole, tunnel, subterranean passage-way, gangway; low entrance.
(2) tubiform passage, tube, air-passage. (3) passage, thoroughfare above the
ground ; trail, path, pathway; way, road, causeway, street: shtt’ sténi kéla-
ush the road is full of sand; Idloks-wii/génam sté railroad; lit. “fire-
wagon’s path”; path, trail of animals, 29, 11.

studg@a, shtd-aga, d. shtushtudga (1) small burrow or subterranean passage.
(2) path, pathway, foot-path. Dim stu.

stt’ilash, d. shtushtilash (1) pile of wood. (2) fire-wood put away for
the cold season, Kl. Der. tiila. Cf. Té-ilkat, ttilash.

stttish, shtiish, d. shti’shtish burrow; gopher’s den; mole-hill: shtti'ishtat
eatpamnan coming to a gopher-hole, 128, 6. Der sttya.

sttiya, shtéya, d. shttishtia (1) to make a road, way, passage, gangway; to
tunnel through, 104, 4. (2) to place on the road or trail, to set going, to
circulate: stoyuapka (supply: nti pa‘ksh) J will put the tobacco-pipe in circu-
lation, 187, 2. Der. stt.

stuydkishka, d. stushtidkishka to clip the hair. Cf. shidshka (2),
shuy¢ka (2), shiiktaldsha.

sttiyua, d. stushtflyua to stab each other; to wound or cut each other with
sharp-pointed weapons: partic. stuyuctko stabbed, pierced Der. stti'ka.

stfv’ka, shttka, d. stti’shtka (1) to shout through the hands applied to the
mouth as a tube. (2) to shout, halloo, cry aloud. Cf. ndéna, nkéna,
stitzéna, stt’tyishla. (3) to stab; to wound or cut with a pointed weapon,
to pierce; lit “to make a way through”: partic. stukatko (a) cut, stabbed ;
wounded with a knife or spear; (b) stab-wound. (4) to gig, to catch with
poles, to spear; said of fish: kt’'tagsh s. to gig minnow-fish; said of Old
Crane, 122, 6.; pshin slétsuank shtédka to spear fish by torchlight. Cf.
sttikua. (5) to sting, bite, Mod.; said of bees, snakes ete. Cf. kiutka.
Der sti. Cf. hashtaksh, hashtka.

stt’kish, stékish, d. stt’shtkish (1) hailstone: miti’méni s. heavy hailstones,
156; 26. (2) hailstorm. Der. stti‘ka (38).

stf’/kshaltko notched; having portions or angles cut out.

stttkua, d. stishtkua to stab in the water; to gig, kill by stabbing in water:

kiii’m s. to gig, harpoon fish. Cf. tudkish.

sti—sttpka. 359

stuledélish, d. stustaledlish definite order, command: ka-i ht’shkank
K’mukdmtsam sttileoIs gi’ulatki he was not mindful of K’mukamtch’s sharp
order enjoining him (to bring ete.), 107, 7. Der. stuli.

stuli, shtali, stilhi, d. stustali, stustalhi to order, command; to enjoin, give
directions; connected usually with the verbal intentional: s. i’ktchatki
giug kma’ he sent him to obtain the skullcaps, 109, 3.; s. tnakag m’na
shli’tki he advised his little son to shoot, 110, 2.; nanuk maklaksash shtu-
litlank after having left orders with all the Indians. Cf. 96, 11.107, 13. 15.
INO 7b: PLS, 9. (CE tpéwa:

stulidsha, d. stushtalidsha to order, enjoin while going; to give directions
while passing around: nanuktudlash sha shttlidsha ké-i shaptki giug they
went around commanding every article not to tell, 120, 21. Cf. stull.

stt’/lka, d. stushtilka to perforate another person’s nose with a sharp in-
strument, as a needle. Der. talka. Cf. hashtaksh.

stt’nka, d. stushtanka to pass or run through, as a rope, string, 13, 6.

stunkédsha, d. stushtankédsha, v. trans., to encompass, encircle with ;
said, e. g., of embroidering or sewing beads around the rim of a cushion.

stinkidmna, d. stushtankidmna (1) v. intr., fo pass around, go around ;
said of inan. subjects, as neckties, e. g. (2) v. trans., to encompass, en-
circle, as a piece of land with a fence Der. stti’nka.

stunyia, d. sttshtinkia to pass or run through oneself: kéniks a-i nt
stt’nyi-uapk I will pass out a rope through my anus, 165; 11. and Note.

stunshish, Mod stt’ntchish, d. stushtanshish, Mod. stushtantchish exca-
vated canal, ditch, wet ditch: kukaga shttinshishti stream passing through
an artificial bed; canalized rivulet or brook. Cf. stt’nshna.

stt’nshna, Mod. shttintehna, d. stushtanshna, Mod. sttishtantchna to
make pass through; to conduct, force, or pull through or onward: knikstat
s. to drag an object behind on a rope; \béna shttnshnuk Ambu to dig a
conduit for water, to dig a canal or ditch. Der. nttltchna.

stt’nta, shtt’/nta, d. shttishtanta to fasten or fix on, as a rope, string.

stup, stt’pa, pl. timi s., stove; iron heater: stipat wintila to he under, near
the stove, 186; 56. From English stove.

stiipash, stdépesh, pl. tumi s., bone marrow, animal marrow.

stttpka, d. stustapka (1) to puncture. (2) to stab repeatedly in several

360 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

places; to wound or kill by stabbing: partic. stépkatko, sttipkatko (a)
wounded by stab-wounds. (b) stab-wound. Der. stt’ka. Cf. hushtapka,
ktakdlitko, sti’ka (3).

sttiipka, d. shtushttpka to stand, to be contained in; said of inan. subjects:
dmpti sh. pokdéti water stands in the bucket. Der. tipka. Cf. sttitka.

stt/pualya, d. stushtdpualza to bubble up in cold water; said of the effect
of articles thrown in. Cf. kmultyaga, kmutcho’sha, puélhi

sttupui, d.stushtapui to menstruate for the first time; to enter the age of
Seminine puberty: stupuytiga, stupttyuk on account of first menstruation,
134, 21.; yatkéla-stuptyuk stina’sh menstrual lodge. Cf. yulina, pilpil.

stuipuish, d stushtdpuish first menstruation.

sttitash, d. stushttitash pipe; reed-pipe. Der. sti (2)

stutfla, d stushtfla to roof over, to cover with a roof resting on pillars: stu-
tilantko sptklish (these) seweat-lodges are roofed, 82, 2.

stutilash, stuti’lsh roofpillar, post, solid wood frame of Indian lodge: lilt-
malaksam s. vertical booms or posts sustaining a winter-lodge ; usually set up
in the form of a regular square.

stuitish, d. stishtish; occurs in: shAp’sam stuti’sh beams of light projected
by the rising and the setting sun, 179; 3.

stutka, d. stushtatka to stand, to be standing; said of anim. subjects: watch
a ati sttitkatko the horse is tall. Cf. stipka No. 2, ttipka.

stai’tyéna, d. shtushtitzéna to emit a voice, sound; said of persons and
animals: kii-i an s. I have no good or strong voice: partic. stutyantko having
a voice, endowed with a voice; mt'-sttityampkash gisht being possessed of
a strong voice, 55, 17. cf. 183; 24.; wayd’sham stti’tyantk singing like the
waiwash-goose, i. e. “harmoniously”, 183; 19.; yukikam stti’tzantk pos-
sessing the voice of the mocking-bird, 183; 21. Der. stu (2).

sta’tzish, d. stishtatzish (1) sound, clang, tone. (2) human or animal
voice. Cf. sttityéna.

stfi’tyishla, d. shtishtatyishla to weep aloud, to cry in mourning ; to weep
as a mourner, while sitting at the side of the deceased, 89, 3. Cf. kiki,
ludtpishla, stti’tzéna.

shtchaydshla, d. shtchashtchidshla, v. intr., to produce a noise, report,

rustle; said of the elementary forces.

sttipka—shtchishalkatko. 361

shtchakalka, d. shtchashtchkil’ka to form a corner, angle; partic. d.
shtchashtchyalkatko triangular; lit. ““acute-angular.” Der. tchak, radix
of tehaktchakli.

shtchakalidtpish angle of any description; corner of a room.

shteh&ikuash, abbr. sdkuash, d. shtchashtchakuash (1) pole sharpened
at one end. (2) spear, gig-spear, gigging pole used in fishing, 180; 20.:
sikuashtka kii’m stfi’ka to spear fish. This spear is composed of two
long poles inserted into each other and of a smaller one at the end, the
whole reaching sometimes a length up to twenty feet (3) fish-spear,
pole with three iron prongs. Der. tchak, rad. of tchaktchakh. Cf. ki’sh.

shtchdlapshtish, d. shtchashtchdlapshtish rainbow, Mod. Cf. witchiak.

shtchaukitko, d. shtchashtchi’/kitko deaf Der. ndshéka.

shtchdé-tsh, sts4-us stick, rod or pole, used in erecting sweat-lodges: stsa-
usa-walks (for sts4-usam-walks) hole made in the ground for planting the
rods when building a sweat-lodge, 168; 45. 180; 23. Cf. shtchakuash (1).

shtchattantko, d.shtchashtchi’‘tantko deaf Mod. for shtchaikitko K1.

shtcheléwa, d. shtcheshtcheléwa to bubble up in water, to form ripples
spontaneously. Mod. Der. tcheléwa.

shtchidshapka, d. shtchishtchapka to bring, carry to somebody several
objects of the same description or things gathered in a bunch. Cf. tehipka.

shtchiyakéka, d. shtchishtchiakéka to tickle, Mod. Cf. shéyakua.

shtchiyamna, d. shtchishtchiamna to carry in hand articles in a bunch
or several objects of the same description. Cf. i-amna.

shtchi/kédshna, d. shtchishtchak’tchna to trot, as a horse. Cf. kish-
techna, shnii’-uldsha. :

shtchi’kédshnish, d. shtchishtch4ggédshnish trotting horse, trotter.

shtchik’lza, d. shtchishtchak’lya to erect poles for a scaffold or platform.
Cf. ksh4wal, tchikla, tchikdélalzya.

shtehikpaksh, d. shtchishtchakpaksh halter of horse.

shtchi’ktzish, d. shtchishtchaéktzish bridle. Cf. tehiztchiza.

shtchipka, d. shtchishtchapka to gather, unite articles into a bunch; to
collect objects of the same nature. Der. tchipka.

shtchishalkatko, shtchishlyétko, d. shtchishtchash’lyatko crooked,
curved, bent over. Cf. tishilatko.

362 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shtchitehtehna, d. shtchitchtchatchtchna to squirt. Cf. kpitehtchna.

shtchi’'waksh, shtchiyuaks, d. shtchishtchuaksh (1) short gown reaching
Jrom waist to knees, worn by women; also called ubé-ush sh. (2) petticoat
or skirt, as parts of female dress.

shtchtiyampka, d. shtchtishtchiampka to shine or reflect into the eyes so
as to injure the power of vision. Cf. shtchi’katko.

shtehukalkidsha, d. shtchushtehzalkfdsha, v. intr., to make a bend or
turn, as a river or road.

shteht’/katko, d. shtcht’shtchzatko (1) one-eyed, 107, 4. 8. 10. 109,
3-12. (2) Stsdkatko, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man. Der. shtchtiza.
Cf. Note to 109, 6.

shuadshamtch’ma, d. shuashtidshimtch’ma to wag the tail.

shud-i, sud-i black-tail deer; a species found only in and west of the
Rocky Mountains: Cervus columbianus. Cf. mishmush (2), pakdlesh.

shuaitlala, d. shuashuaitlila to heat stones during one day for cooking,
baking or roasting purposes, 74, 4.. Cf. satndlha

shudkak, shudkaga, d. shuashuakak pratrie-chicken; gray and brownish,
with down. A bird closely related to the pédpusha, q. v. Der. shua’t.

shuakatehkteha, d. shuashukatchktcha to shake the head in refusal.

shudkia, d. shushuakia to call a conjurer for help; term used of conjurers
only and therefore not necessarily connected with its object, kiuksash.
Customers are afraid to enter the wizard’s own lodge and therefore call
him out by loud cries and hallooing. Tsika shudkiuk ndéna the old man
shouted after the shaman or conjurer, 68, 3; shudkiuk kfukshash when
calling the conjurer, 71, 1.; shashuaki’sh (another d. form for shushudkish
or shuashudkish) people calling the conjurer, 84, 1. Cf. kiuks, wakéna.

shudakidsha, d. shuashtikidsha to start out for shamanic help; to go and
call a conjurer for help, 65, 18. 68, 2., construed like shudkia, q. v.: tsi

4
oO

eéna tehika sudkitsuk then the old man left for obtaining the conjurer’s help,

68, 3. Cf. kiuks, shuishdla.

shudktecha, sudktcha, d. shuashudktcha to shed tears, to weep, to wail; to
cry loudly, 122, 12. 18. 190; 17.: kifla sh. the earth wept, 175; 19.; suds-
suaktch miklaks nanuk every individual is weeping, 70, 6 ; shuashudktchish
loud mourners, bewailers, 84, 2. 100, 9.; shuashuaktchdta while weeping
over their loss, 110, 22. Cf. ludtpishla, stii’tzishla.

shtechitechtchna—shua-uka. 363

shuaktechtampka, d. shuashuaktchtampka to commence weeping, wail-
ing; to begin to shed tears, 126, 2.

shudla, d. shuashudla to pile up, to pile upon each other: kté-i sh. to pile up
rocks, to erect a rock-barricade, 30, 9. Cf. walash, walish.

shualaliadmpka, d. shuashualaliimpka (1) to watch, to keep watch over:
sh. kiii’m to watch the fish. (2) to protect, watch the interests of, 34, 20.; to
take care of, 39, 13. 21.; to manage, to superintend, ct. 33, 2. and Note,
134, 6. Cf. shudlka No. 1, walya (1).

shudlka, d. shuashudlka to preserve, keep entire; to save, 134, 7. Mod.;
unknown to Kl. Der. wala (1).

shudlka, d. shuashudlka to sweat, perspire, to be in a perspiration, to be
warm or hot; not referring to the sweat-lodge. Der. wala.

shualkash, d. shuashudlkash sweat, perspiration.

shualkdéla, d. shuashualkdla to cool oneself off. Der. shudlka.

shualkd/ltcha, d. shuashualko/Itcha to cool oneself while walking, 82, 9.

shudlya, d. shushudlza; same as shuwalza, q. v.

Shualszé@ni, nom. pr. of a camping-site on Klamath Marsh; lit. “At
the Pile of Rocks”. Der. shuala.

shuankaptehi; same as shuhankptchi, q. v.

shudnshakluish, Mod. shuantchikéluish (1) mane of horse, lion. Cf.
kshéluish, wakdluish, wamélhuish. (2) Mod., bristles on hog’s back

shudnui, d. shushanui to covet, to be in love with. Cf. kiktakia

shuashulaliampkish, pl. tami sh. (1) watcher, watchman, guardian:
shi/p sh. shepherd. (2) administrator, superintendent, 33, 1., and Note
to 33, 2.; Government agent of an Indian reservation: Dya sh. kshita the
agent Dyar escaped, 42, 17. Der. shualalidmpka.

shua’t, d. shudshuat sage-cock, sage-hen; a western bird belonging to the
Tetraonid or grouse family: Centrocercus urophasianus, 135, 4. Cf.
popusha, ptipisha, shudkak

shuatdwi, Kl. shuatdwa, d. shuashuatawi (1) to stretch, to extend one’s
limbs through laziness or other causes. (2) to sprain a limb: shuatawitko
ma’sha htik he suffers of nerve-spraining. Cf. tehatdiwa

shud-uka, d. shuashui-uka (1) to squeal, whine; said of persons and

beasts. (2) fo yelp. Cf. shéka, shuaktcha.

364 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Shuawati, nom. pr. of a camp-site on the Sprague River, near Yaneks.

shuawidshna, d. shuashuawfdshna to take aim, to point at with a gun,
arrow ete. Cf. kinshampka, laya, shuawina.

shuawina, d. shuashuwina to look over, to overlook in the sense of exam-
ining: ki‘uks suawinuk sas kénts sliudpkst when a conjurer overlooked them
to find out who would be shot, 21, 9. 10.

shi’dsha, shii’dsha, d. shushii’dsha (1) to build a fire; to have an open fire
at the camping-place, in or before the lodge; refers especially to camp-
fires at night and to fires built for cooking, the object, liloks, being
usually omitted: kissi’mi sh. Sa’t at nightfall the Snake Indians built a
camp-fire, 31, 1.4; makléyuk sh. she built a fire to pass the night by, 119,
20.; mt sh. to build or have a large fire, 121, 20.; sha’dshank nat tchia
we sit around the fire in camp; nanuk té-unipni latchashtat shusht’dshuapk
ltiloks for each ten lodges they will kindle a fire. Cf. klukalgi, shnatkolua,
shnéna, shné’pka. (2) to build, to have a fire in a stove, on the hearth ete.

sht/dshapéli, d. shishi’dshapéli (1) to rekindle, rebuild a fire; to build
another or a new fire, as at dawn of day, 16, 5. and Note; 112, 20. (2)
to rekindle the fire hefore or in the lodge habitually every morning or day.

shi/dshgish, d. shushd’dshgish fireplace in or outside the wigwam,
lodge or house. Der. shii’dsha

shidshgi/shalsh, d. shfisho’dshgishalsh provision for the fire-place: sh.
Anku jfire-wood. Cf. sttilash.

shtidshipka, d. shushtdshipka, v. trans, to follow up, to walk towards by
following or pursuing; said of one object only, 174; 3. 183; 14.; mf’sh-
mush sh. to drive one head of cattle, 182; 10. Contr. from sh’hidshipka.
Der. hudshipka. Cf. ké-ika, ké-ikanka.

sht’dshna, d. shusht/dshna (1) v. trans., fo chase, pursue; said of per-
sons and animals: sht-f’dshant ¢! (for shtidshnat i!) chase him! 193; 14.
Of. kayaktcha, kiyaktchna. (2) v. recipr., fo chase each other, to run after
each other: sh@/dshnuk when chasing each other, 80, 10., cf. 80, 12. Contr.
from sW’htidshna. Der. htiidshna.

shtidshoka, Mod.shutchdka, d. shushtidshoka (1) to wash one’s whole body.
(2) to wash part of one’s body: we'k, pé'tch sh. to wash one’s arms, feet. Cf.

péwa, shatchaktchaka, shatchakua.

Shuawati—shuéwa. 365

shudshokalamna, d. shushudshokalémna to wash one’s back; ki’mat
back is sometimes added. Lit. ‘‘to wash oneself all around”.

shuedshantimna, d. shueshtidshantamna to be in the habit of gambling
when on a journey, 100, 15. Der. shuédshna, -tamna.

shuédshna, suctsna, d. shuéshidshna to go to play, to go to the gambling-
place, to be on a gaming tour: shucdshnuk when gambling on their way, 99,
2.; shash at shuii’‘tsna he went away from them for gambling, 100, 14. and
Note; suétsnuk sas in order to have a game among themselves, 100, 15.

shuékalsh, d. shuéshikalsh sleeve, as of a shirt, coat.

shuekaptcha to wink with the eyelids; to nictate. Cf. kélamtchtamna,
knadshikia, shakelamtcha.

shuékish, shuékosh pole, wand, rod; switch used in certain games, 80, 7.
9. Der. kéwa. Cf. shtchakuash, shtché-fish.

shuelita, d. shueshulfta, v. intr., to form a cross, to intersect ; said of lines
etc.: partic. shuelitétko (a) disposed crosswise. (b) crossing diagonally the
texture of woven cloth. Cf. shéka, shendk’la.

shuénka, d. shueshudnka fo kill, slay, to put to death; said of more than
one object, and used almost exclusively by Modocs: mii’ne shdwalsh
mbawan sh. an exploding shell killed them, 48,2. Cf. 40, 17. 41, 15. 21.
43, 11. Der wénka. Cf. ltela, shiuga (3).

shuéntch, d. shuéshuantch (1) baby-board, cradle-board to which the in-
fant or child is tied or strapped, K1. for stiwizétkish Mod., q v. (2) baby-
board with the baby on it. (38) Mod., infant, babe, suckling child, 91, 8. 9.:
suéntcham skttash womb, uterus. Der. éna. Cf. mikaga, muksh.

shuentchadga, d. shueshuantchiga (1) small baby-board, Kl (2) little
babe; infant just born, Mod., 91, 4. Dim. shuéntch.

shué-udsha, d. shuéshtidsha to go fishing with the line: ni sué-utchuapk
gén waitash I shall start for angling this day. Der shuéwa. Cf. k’lika.

shué-ush, d.shuéshtsh jfish-line, angling-line. Der. shuéwa. Cf. takéléash.

shué-usham, d. shuéshtsham yellow tree-moss: Evernia vulpina.

shué-utka, d. shuéshutka (1) to return from angling. (2) to angle habit-
ually or repeatedly: ndadni a nt hid sh. éwakatat gén waitash to-day I went
three times to the pond to fish with the line.

shuéwa, d. shuéshua to fish with the line, to angle: nishta ni sh. I have
angled all night. Der. éwa Cf. kné-ush, knéwa, litkish.

366 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shtiggai, pl. timi sh., sugar. From the English.
shuggdya, shukaya, d. shushkdya to hang on or out, to be suspended on;
said, e. g., of young birds hanging out of their nests, 94, 10.
shugegt/laki, shugilki, d. shushgt’lagei: same as shukd’lki, q. v.
shihank, sht’ank, met. shahunk, d. shishuank agreeing with, alike,
similar to, conformably with: himasht shahunk giug for this same reason,
134, 4. Cf. haktchdmptchi, shéwa, shitko.
shuhankptehi, shthanktchi, d. shushankptchi, adj., similar to, resem-
bling; of same shape, form, size, exterior, color ete.: kétcha sh. resembling
somewhat; a little alike; shihankptchak an gdwal ko’sh ti’gshta ¢-ush J
Sound the same kind of pines on the other side of the lake; kta-i shtishuank-
aptcha i’/hiank selecting stones of equal size, 82, 13.
shtihank-shitko, shuhankshitk, d. shushank-shitko, shishank-shishatko
(1) adv., alike, similarly to; equally, evenly, in a similar manner: sh.-sh. télan
having the same features, when speaking of members of same family;
shuhank-sitk sissdka to beat each other evenly, 59, 8. (2) adv., at the same
time, simultaneously. (3) conj., at the time when, 109, 12.
shuhatehya, d. shushudtchza to step, tread on one’s own foot.
shuhatehzdla, shuhitchkéla, d shushuatchzdla, shushuitchkila to roll
oneself up, to double up; to curl or coil oneself up, to contract one’s body, to
draw up one’s legs; shuhatchzalatko k¢-ish (gi) the rattlesnake is coiled up.
Shuhiaziégish, nom. pr. of rocks near Modoc Point; ef. shuyake’kish.
shuhwtlulea, d. shushtlulea to jump, skip down from, 120, 1.: ké-i at
shuht'lule-uapk litchashtat ye shall not skip down from the lodge-top,
118, 10. Cf hilhe, hulipéli.
shuhululéna, d. shushululdna to go and jump down from, 119, 23.
shti, d. shishui to give in a cup, bucket, on a plate, pan, dish, tray, pa’hla
or shdplash. Speaking of many different objects, shewdna. Cf. lttya, ttya.
shufdsha, shuitcha, d. shuishudsha to wrinate. Der. idsha
shuidshash, suttchash, d. shufshudshash (1) wine. (2) sh. or sh-l-
walsh wrine bladder. Cf. kin. (3) bladder of any kind; sh. or sh-lawalsh
swimming bladder of fish: shuitchashksdksin-kitchash anal fin. (4) any
organ of the shape of a bladder ; maw, craw, gizzard ete. Cf. lawalash.
shuikina, d. shuishukina to drive away from water, as a horse, dog,
ete. Speaking of more than one object, niwikfna. Cf. shitina, shtiwa.

COW

shiggai—shuindla. 367

shuikifpéli, d shuishkipéli to drive out of the water again, as a horse,
cow, dog. Speaking of more than one object, niwikapéli.

shuikashlina, d. shushikashlina to sprain: péteham nawalsh sh. to
sprain the instep. Cf. shuatawa.

shtizia, d. shushizia to carry on shoulder: shtiziank éna, Mod. shtiyian,
shitizien (na to carry on shoulder. Cf. shépolamna, shikianka.

shila, d. shuishii’‘la to shake oneself: watch a sh. the horse shakes himself.

shuilalshka, d. shuishuldlshka to shake off, remove from oneself by shak-
ing: watch a killilksh sh. the horse shakes off the dust.

shuilpka, d. shuishudlpka (1) to lie or stretch oneself on the ground, back
upward. Speaking of more than one subject, wiwampka, d. of wimpka.
(2) to lie flat on the ground, as for sleeping. (3) to le or hide oneself in
ambush: tsti K-ukskni sh., tsti ti‘ntkal sha, yo’ta sha then the Klamath
Lake men ambushed themselves, then they suddenly arose, and dispatched their
missiles, 16, 5. Der. ilapka, from ila. Cf. hishualza.

shuimpdatampka to lean backward on a chair, bench or seat; to lean
against the back of a chair. Cf. kshapata, tehapata.

shttiina, Mod. shuinéa, d. shushina, Mod. shushinéa to race; to take part
in a foot or other race. Kl. Cf. shakatpampéléa, shuikina.

shuina, tsufna, d. shuishua to sing, either solo or in chorus: tutiksh ma-
klaks sh. the natives express their dreams in song, 184, 3.; nti techtinuapk!
itehui’n! TI will sing! you sing! 90, 12.; aténi kéléwi shui’sh now I cease
to sing, 90, 13.; shufnuapk i nanuk! sing all of ye! 90, 14.; kilank at
tsuinuapk! ye must sing loudly! 70, 3.; nanuk nadsha’shak sh. all are
singing in a chorus; ludtpishluk sh. (sha) they sing mourning songs, 87, 12.
The voices of animals and spirits, the twittering of birds etc., are often
compared to the singing of songs; e. g., the voice of the weasel, 162; 5.;
that of a black mouse, 165; 10.; of a spirit, 173; 1.; of K’muikamtch,
192; 9. Tchuina, tstina is a vulgarism for shuina. Der. wina.

shuindala, shuindlla, d shuishudla (1) to sing simultaneously with the
starter of the song, to accompany the leader of the chorus (2) to sing
repeatedly, to repeat a song: kiila nti shuindlla I repeat my earth-song,
175; 16. All the incantations, song-lines, tunes, melodies ete., are
repeated an indefinite number of times by the Oregonian Indians, varia-
tions being introduced in the words as well as in their tunes.

368 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY,

shuinéa, d. shushinéa to race; same as shttina, q. v.

shuinéa, d. shushinéa to sing in some person’s interest; to sing for some-
body’s pleasure. Kl. Der. shuina.

shuindta, d. shushinéta; same as shiundta, q. v.

shuindtish, d. shushinétish; same as shiundtish, q. v.

shuindétkish, d. shushinétkish incantation started by the conjurer to be
repeated by a chorus, and supposed to emanate not from himself, but
from some animal sent out to search after the disease, or from another
object of nature, of which he acts as the mouthpiece. Cf. shui’sh and
Notes to 154; 9.155; 16. 21. and first Note on p. 171. Der. shuina. Cf.
shellolétkish (2), shui’sh, windta.

shui’sh, shui’sh, su-fs, d. shufshuish, sufsuis (1) song, chant; referring
either to solo songs or to choruses; pilpil sh. puberty or virginity song. (2)
melody, tune. (3) magic song of conjurer; tamanuash-song, fatal incantation,
‘medicine song”, wizard’s spell. These songs are agencies of terrific power
in the hands of conjurers of both sexes, and can inflict, according to the
common belief, sudden death or fatal disease upon any person present
or absent. Conjurers who obtain this power of casting spells by fasting
and dreaming can thereby ascertain by whom and by what agencies a
person has been bewitched into disease or has suffered violent death.
Many of these song-spells are called mischief-bearing (kt-idshi): k6é-
idshi a-i nti shufsh gi 7 am a conjurer’s fatal song, 166; 25.; k’mutchii’witk:
ké-idshi shui’sh génti kiiilati the old man’s song is a fatal song in this
country, 179; 7. Other songs sung by conjurers are considered bene-
ficial to mankind: lakf shufsham k6-& the toad song is chief of all songs,
180; 18. Cf. kdltchitchiks (2). Magie songs are mentioned: suis mi’sh
e¢-u slid my dream song has seen you; viz. ‘it has revealed to me the truth
concerning yourself,” 65, 9.; teht huk sh. spa so the magic song indicates,
tells, 72, 8.; sh. ht’k na’sht ki the magic songs say (to him) as follows, 83, 5
The incantation appears in a personified form in 156; 31. 165; 12;
kiuksam sh. sometimes means the dire spell sent out by the wizard; at
other times it is equivalent to shuindtkish, q. v. Cf. 68, 4. (4) sh. is
equivalent to shuindtkish, when the conjurer acts simply as the organ

of birds or other animals or objects of nature previously intrusted by

shuinéa—shuyaké@kish. 369

him with the search after the disease: nfi ai na’‘ta sh. I am the song of the
nata-duck, 167; 31. Cf. 167, 35. 36. and kiuks, shuinétkish. Der. shuina.

shuinshna ¢o protract, to drag out, to make a long line of: (kshu’n) ati’sh
shui’nshnank i'lyat stack ye the hay into long-protracted heaps, 75,13. The
word heap lies in the verb sh., which is connected with the objective case
of an adjective (ati/nsh stands for ati’nish), which assumes here the
function of an adverb. Cf. pdlpalish in 146, 14. and shtina, shuinéa.

shuipkutlish, d. shuishuapktlish; K1. for shuipiklash Mod., q. v.

shuipttklash, d. shuishupt’klash small cushion or pillow used in flatten-
ing infants’ foreheads on the baby-board Mod for shuipkilish Kl.
Der. ipkila, from fpka.

shuisha, shé-isha, d. shushisha to become lean, meager, emaciated; to lose
flesh, 95, 13.: tiii’muk sh. to lose flesh through hunger or famine: partic.
shiishatko lean, meager.

sttisi, species of mole or shrew with a long and sharp proboscis.

shuishla, d. shuishufshla to free oneself of the magic spell, 12%, 3. and
Note: hi’toks ni shuishaltk (gi) but if I undergo fasts, ascetic exercises
and recur to magic songs (in order to liberate myself from the tamanuash-
spell cast upon me), 130, 3. Indians call this ‘‘to keep the song-medicine
for oneself”. Der. shui’sh (3).

shuishtehaktchka, d. shuishushtchaktchka to bend or turn the head
for a bite; said of dogs and wild beasts. Der. hishtchakta

shuitala, shuitla, d. shuishuatla to gird, to strap the saddle-girth around,
as around a horse. Der. ita. Cf. hassufshyish.

shttitalsh, d. shtishutalsh girth of saddle, saddle-strap.

Sui’tstis, nom. pr. of a camp-site on Upper Sprague River, near Wi'ksi.

shuf-uya d. shushi-uya to drive out of an inclosure or corral. Speaking
of many objects, ni-uya. Cf. shika, shtiiwa.

shuyaké@kish, shuyéakéks (1) place for leaping, jumping, 142, 4. (2)
Shuyake’ksh ‘“ Leaping-Place”, nom. pr. of a locality at Modoc Point,
close to north end of the Nilaks mountain-ridge and the shore of Upper
Klamath Lake, a quarter of a mile from Chiet Link River Jack’s lodge.
Here the Indians leap for amusement over large rocks, which have rolled

down from the impending ridge into the plain. Pronounced also Shuyi-
24

370 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

kéks, Suhiazé’gish, Shuhiaziii’gish, Tsttyakeks, 142, 3. Sh. sometimes
designates Modoc Point, q. v. Der. shuyazidéga.

Shuyak@kshni, Tsuyake’ksni, or Sh. miklaks, nom. pr. of a portion
of the Klamath Lake Indians settled near the Shuyake’ksh-rocks, q. v.
They are also called Linkville Indians, 75, 20., Link River Jack being
their chief, ef. 58, 8. They were 92 in number in October, 1877.

shuyaziéga to leap, jump or skip over, as over a rock. Cf. httyeza.

shuyéga to begin singing, to start a chorus or choruses, 71,4. Der. shuina.

shuyéga, shu-iyéga, d. shushuyéga, said of long-shaped and anim. ob-
jects: (1) to lift up, to lift or raise above something: lakf pakshtga lik-
peks sh. the commander lifted up ashes with his tobacco-pipe, 14, 6. (2) to
stir up, to cause to rise, as an animal lying on the ground. Der. uyéga.

shuydka, shi’yuga, d. shushuydka (1) to clip, cut one’s hair short: partic.
shuytikatko, more frequently d. shushuytikatko, one who wears the hair
short. The majority of males in the tribe cut their hair off one inch from
the skull. (2) to shave oneself: smo‘k sh. to shave one’s beard, whiskers ;
the proper term for ‘to shave”; ef. hushmo‘kla. Der. uytika

shuytzala, shuytk’la, d. shushitik’la to dance the shiyugalsh or virginity
dance, a solemn festivity celebrated during five nights, 131, 1-4.: shuyu-
Zlotk latchash menstrual lodge Der. yaikéla. Cf. sttipui.

Shuyuzdlkshi, nom. pr. of camps and dancing-places on the William-
son River and other places. Abbr. from Shuyuzalshkshi. Cf. 131, 1-4.

shtityuzalsh (1) virginity or puberty dance pertormed at various localities
on the reservation. (2) Shtyuzalsh, Sii’-iizals, “the Pilpil-Dancer”, nom.
pr. of a Klamath Lake girl. Der. shuytizala.

shuytluish, d. shushuytluish, species of polecat smaller than the com-
mon skunk. Cf. tchashish.

shtitka, d. shishka (1) to drive out from a lodge, house or other locality, by
entering it for the purpose. (2) to fight, combat. Der. hika. Cf. fka.

shikalsh, shékols paste made of berries (whortleberries, serviceberries
ete.) and camass; it is pressed and kept in cachés as food for winter. — Lit.
“mixture”. Der. shi’kla.

shikaltko, shdékaltko, d. shi’shkaltko; partic. of sht’kla, q. v

Shi’kamteh, nom pr. of ‘Old Crane”, a mythic bird of Indian folklore,

Shuyak@kshni—shtktakla. 371

called the uncle (kikui) of “Old Antelope”; by causing Old Grizzly’s
death in the waters of a river, Sh. managed to save the young of the
Antelope from destruction, 122, 6-123, 7: gatpa Shi’kamtchamksh they
reached the home of Old Crane, 122, 16. From sho‘ksh, Amtch.

sht’/kanka, d. shusht’‘kanka (1) to follow steadily. (2) to chase continu-
ally, to pursue each other persistently or repeatedly. Der. shiika.

shukapka, d. shushkapka to be crowded within, to crowd up a space.

shukat’ndéla, d. shushokat’néla to gather one’s hair into a braid or plait.

shukatonolétkish, shukatonold’tch, d. shushokatonolétkish fur-skin
strap tied into the hair, 95, 2.; men let it dangle over the ears and cheeks,
women tie it into their braids and let it hang down behind.

shukélatehitehna, d. shushakélatchitchna to use torches ; to travel with
torches, jirebrands, lights. Cf. klidshoa.

shukélatehnétkish, d. shushkélatchnétkish (1) torch, torchlight. (2)
large-sized lamp or light.

shukidsha, d. shishkidsha to start for driving out, ousting, expelling from.
Der. shika. Cf tpugidsha.

shukfkash, Mod. shokekd-ash, d. shushkikash, Mod. shoshkekdé-ash
parents, progenitors; father and mother, 111, 19.: pélpela shuki’kasham
tpéwash to obey the parents’ commands Ct. p’gishap, t’shika-aga.

shukidta, d. shushakidéta (1) to pass another on the way; to go past, to
pass by. (2) to shun, avoid, go out of the way. Cf. shenttya, shika.

sht’kla, sht’kéla, shék’la, d. shushdkla (1) v. trans., to mix together, inter-
mingle; said of objects differing among themselves in aspect or quality:
tehékélitat lot’m shi’kélank mixing coal with blood, 71, 8.; shikaltko yaht
beads of various colors mixed together. Cf. hushkalyandtko, shankdkash.
(2) v. intr., to dwell, reside among others, to be mixed with; said of a plurality —
of subjects only, 37, 14.20 Cf. tchawina. Der. ikla.

shi’klaksh, d. shfi’shaklaksh pole-lodge; skin-lodge. Der. shi‘kla (2).

shukpéli, v. intr, to leave again, to quit, to retire: shikpaltakiug, for
shukpélitki or shukpalitki giug in order to withdraw, 68, 8. and Note.

shukptchitehka, d. shushakptchitchka to kiss each other. Der.
kputchitchka, q v. Cf. shulddkua, witchta.

shiktakla to inflict a wound by which flesh is removed. Cf. shaktakla.

S72 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shuiktaldsha, d. shushaktaldsha to cut off, clip, remove from one’s own
body: lak sh to clip one’s own hair, 132, 6. Der. kttildsha. Cf. shidshka.

shuktampka, d. shushktaémpka to commence fighting; to begin active war-
Jare: shuktémpkan ndani waita shéllual when they began to fight, the battle
lasted three days, 42, 18. Der. shika.

shuktapka, d. shushaktipka to fight with fists, to pummel cach other, to
scufie. Der. ktipka. Cf. kthyua, shiuga (1), shuntapka, shutapka.

shiktashkuish scar of « wound by which flesh had been removed. Cf.
shaktkaluish, shiktakla.

sht’/ktka, d. shushiktga to beat or strike oneself. Der. kttika.

shukuadshka to be severed, to be broken or cut to pieces: sh. shappash it is
half moon; lit. “part of the moon is broken off.” Der. ukéwa. Cf. tgélz-
manka, ukatikosh.

shuk@1ki, shuggtlaki, shugi’'lki, d. shushkw‘Iki, shushgtlaki, v. intr., to
collect, gather up, assemble ; to meet, come together, to be or go together, 140, 3.;
to form a company, society, crowd, flock, swarm, bevy: stki'Tki yaékanuapkuk
lak they came together for the scalp-dance, 16, 10.; nanuk lalazi shugt’laggi
at when all the Peace Commissioners had met together, 41, 20.

shuk@lkipéli, d. shushkd'lkipéli, v. intr., to reassemble, to meet, come
together again, 24, 3.: ua’sh se’gsa K-ukskni siko/lkipaluk the Klamath
Lake Indians bid us to reassemble, 20, 9.

shuki@Ilkish, d shushki’/lkish council, general assembly: suki'Ikishyeni
at the council-house, at the meeting place of the council. Der. shukt'lki.

shuktishgttkish, d. shushkushkitkish hair-brush. Der kushkétkish

shuk@ki, shoké’ki, d shushkéki to growl, to quarrel, to dispute

shuk@kish, d. shushkékish guarrelsome person, scold; shrew, termagant.

shukikshléa, d. shushyfkshléa to quarrel; said, e g., of jealous women
quarreling over their husbands. Der. shuke’ki.

shukéka, d. shushkéka to bite oneself: nti or nitak sh. I bite myself; I bite
myself accidentally (in tongue or lip). Der. kéka.

shula, stila, d. shushila (1) do hand over, to pass, to transmit. Cf. shulipka.
(2) to chide, scold, wrangle, 78, 3. Der. fla.

shulakuawéta, d. shushlakuawéta to swing to and fro; to ride on a
swing. Cf. szinueta.

shiktaldsha—shulitanka. 373

shulala,. d. shushlala, v. trans., to melt, dissolve in a pan, ladle. Der.
ilala Cf. stilya No. 1.

shulaldétkish, d. shushlalétkish melting-pan, bullet-ladle.

shulapshkish, d. shushlaépshkish (1) forearm of man. Cf. nép. (2)
elbow: sh. tapini knuckles of hand. (8) knee of quadruped’s foreleg. Mod.
for shilpshaksh Kl. Der. shuldpka, from shila (1). Cf. lgawdwash.

shulatehtila to throw back one’s leg or legs: shulatchtilan tehélya to be .
on one’s knees. Of. litchlya.

shuldakua, d. shushfildAkua to make love to, to hug and caress. Der.
Idikua. Cf. witchna, witchta.

sht’ldshash, sho'ldshish, sho’Isas, pl. ttimi sh., soldier: shiildsisas, st/ld-
sisas sheto/lya to consort with a soldier, 78, 7. 10.; shuldshamkshi, stild-
samkshi to the soldier's camp, to the troops, 40, 12. 23. 41, 8. 78, 8.; ef. 14,
7. 29, 2-6. 37, 13. 20. 22. 38, 2. 16. 39, 17. 48, 10. 20. Frequently the
term is not inflected for case: sh. {-amnatko being at the head of troops,
13, 9., cf. 14, 3. 4. (for sha’Idshashash); lakf sh. or sh. (for shi’ldshasham)
lakt the officer, lieutenant, 29, 3-6.; cf. 29, 4. 61, 6. From the English.

shuléza, shi’lya, d. shushdéléza to grumble, growl, roar; to pur, as a cat.

shulélya, d. shusholélza to roar, as a bear; to roar or growl loudly. Mod.

shulémokédsha, d shushlémokédsha, v. trans., to swing, whirl around,
to cause to turn around: ‘“kiiila nti sh. I am whirling the earth about”, the
words of an earth-song, 192; 9. and Note. Der. la4ma. Cf. aggédsha.

shuilha, d. shushalha to put, place, shove into, as into a bag, pouch. Cf.
sho‘Thash, shilhipéli.

shtlhash, d. shushdélhash; same as shd‘lhash, q. v. Cf. latktchish.

shtlhashla to make or manufacture pillows, 144, 1.

shtilhipéli to shove or join one part into the other; said, e. g., of arrows, —
pitch being put over the joint. Der. flhi (2), -péli. Cf. talhfpéli.

shul’ha’lzya, d. shushalhii'lya, v. trans., to run over, to run to the ground.

shulifa, d. shushlia to hand over to and in the interest of somebody. Der.
shila Cf hushlfamna.

shulipka, d. shushalfpka to hand over to, pass, transmit to: pdsh shi’lip-
kank p’laikni handing him down food from above, 66, 9. Der. shila (1).

shulitanka, to pursue, to chase, as a refugee or enemy; to follow up

374 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

closely: Lémé-ish snéwedsh (for snawédshash) sh. one of the Thunders
pursued a woman, 111, 14. Cf. hulhe, shfi’dshna.

sht’/lya, d. shushalya fo tie or bind together, to make bunches: sh. Ankutat
to tie together the boughs of bushes, shrubs, when returning from the mor-
tuary sweat-lodge. Der. élya. Cf. sktitawia, shlitchta.

shulyatchna, d. shushalzdtchna to walk together, to go in company; said of
two persons, generally when of different sex. K1. for shulzatchtchna Mod.

shuldéta, d. shushaléta to dress, clothe oneself. Der. lévita. Cf. 95, 17.

shuldétana, suldtna, d. shushaldétana to put one’s whole suit on, to dress
the whole body; partic. shuldétantko dressed, clad in, clothed with: mba-ush
shuldétantko dressed in tanned buckskins, 90, 16. Cf kdka, kt’kpéli.

shuldtish, d. shushaldtish, shushldétish (1) suit, garb, dress, 34, 20. 87,
4.; nanuk sh. the whole dress, 95, 7, its parts being described in 95, 2.;
kéliak sh. naked. (2) article of dress, garment, 91, 2.95, 17. Der. shuldta.

shuilpshaksh, shf’lpshoksh, stilpsoks, d. shushalpshaksh, KI.; same as
shulapshkish, Mod., q. v.

shtilshésh, d. shushalshésh gamtng-stick used in the spélshna or shulshésh-
game. ‘Two slender and two thicker sticks, each about one foot in
length, make up the spélshna-set. Cf. shaklétkish (2).

shulshéshla, d. shushalshéshla to play the spélshna-game with the four
shilshesh-sticks: vi/nip shulshéshlank (for shulshéshlan ki) they are in the
habit of playing the spélshna-game with four sticks, 19, 2.

shulshipa to take off, remove from one’s body; said of round or rounded
objects only: sh. népshish to take off a ring from one’s own finger. Contr.
from shuludshipa. Der. ludshipa.

shultila, d. shushaltila to hold or carry under the arm or arms, 127, 1.;
partic. shultilatko, when used as subst.: round or bulky object held or
carried under the arm: bundle, package, parcel. Der. lutila. Cf. shutila.

shultflash, sht’ldilsh, d. shushaltilash (1) hunter's game-bag; bullet
pouch. (2) soldier’s canteen; small pilgrim bottle of basket-ware.

shtltish, d. shushaltish room, apartment in lodge: naddshiak sh. the only
room in the lodge or house. Dery. lévita. Cf. stutila.

shuludkta, d. shushaludkta to laugh at, scoff’; to jeer at a person, 125, 8:
mish tin shushaluaktantak they will jeer at you, 126, 11. Der. luatya.

shi’/lya—shtimalua. 375

shuludktecha, d. shushaludktcha to continue making fun of, to deride
repeatedly. Cf. talyea.

shuludtehna, contr. shuli’dshna, d. shushaludtchna fo dress im, to put
on clothing, attire or neckwear while walking or traveling, 95, 7. 131, 10.

shultyua&la, d. shushaltiyuila to be or stand high up in a file, row;
said of rounded or globular articles.

shultiyualsh; yafnalam sh. “round objects standing in a row or file
on top of a mountain or elevation.” Occurs in a grizzly bear's song
and probably refers to projecting cliffs or rocks. See Note to 158; 50.

shulf/lkish, d. shushalti/lkish gathering-place, meeting-place: kima’dsham
sh. ant-hill. Der. liwala. ;

shulitamna, d. shush’litamna to be in full attire; to have a dress, orna-
ments or beads on: nanuk shilt’tamantko ydémnash being in full style,
having all beads on, 131, 6. Der. shuldta.

shuluitantcha, d. shush’litantcha to dress oneself, to put clothing on
while going or traveling: K’mikamts gii’mpéle at, salt’tantsa Aishish
shi’tk slii/s when K’miukamtch returned home he dressed himself so as to
appear like Ashish (by putting on Afshish’s dress), 100, 10. Der. shuléta.

shii’m, stim, sf’/m, d. shishum, stisum (1) mouth of persons, snout of
mammals; vocal organ: sh. shidshoka to wash one’s mouth; sh. takua to
gag the mouth, snout, 120, 18. 19.; simmatka through the mouth, 68, 5.,
ef. 6.; it stands for throat, back part of mouth, in: stimat (or stimtat) géka
tchakéle the blood mounts to the throat, 83, . Cf. hanuipka, pukéwish,
skétigsh. (2) Dill, beak of birds. Cf. kimal, shnawa‘ka, sho’ksh, sht-
malua. (3) mouth, outlet of running water. Of. shumalkish, Sa’mti.

shumalgdltko, d. shushmalgiltko related by marriage, as brothers-in-
law to sisters-in-law, or vice versa. Only relatives of different sex call
each other by this term. Der mi‘lgap.

shumalkish, d. shushmdalkish owélet, mouth of river, brook or other
running water. Der. shi’m. Cf. kéke (1).

shumalétkish, KI. shtmaluatch, d. shushmaldétkish (1) hatr-pencil,
hair-brush. (2) writing-pen, lead-pencil: 6-i hi’nksh sh.! give him a lead-
pencil! Der. shimalua.

shtimalua, d. shishmalua (1) fo use bird-bills as neckwear, to put on an

376 KLAMATH - ENGLISH. DICTIONARY.

ornament or necklace of bird-beaks: tehikass-simaluatko wearing a necklace
of bird-bills. (2) to mark, to provide with marks ; to make dots, daubs, spots,
stains; to dot, stud or stain over; to scratch marks into: shumaludtko watch
a piebald horse. (3) to draw, paint; to make drawings, pictures: \ktd-i st’-
smaluatk rocks painted over with red concentric circles or other rude draw-
ings as seen in various parts of the Klamath reservation, 179; 3. (4) to
write with a pen, lead-pencil ete.: hi shéshash pé’na sh. he wrote his own
name, 34, 6. 7.: pipa shuméluan setting up a document, petition, 36, 21.,
Mod.; lit ‘‘to use a tool shaped like a bird-bill”. Der. shi’m

shumaluakitko, d. shushmaluakitko marked; provided with distin-
guishing marks, scratchings, incisions, signs, letters: pimam, mufyuam sh.
tit marked beaver’s or woodchuck’s tooth, 80, 1. 2. and Note. Contr. from
shimaluash gitko.

shuimaluash, d shtshmaluash painted, drawn or written object; writing
mark; letter of the alphabet; numerical figure. Der. shimalua.

shumaluatech, the usual KI. form for shumaldétkish.

sh’t/mka, shé-tmka, d. shushamka (1) to make hm, hm, hd, hd: Kmt’-
kamtch shi’shamka: hii, hii! A’maukamtch hummed on: ha, hai! 105, 6.
(2) to grunt; to grunt when expressing dissent, disbelief.

shumpséala, sumsii’-ala, contr shumpshéla, d. shushampshéala to marry,
to enter into the married state; said of both sexes, 60, 10. 78, 17.: shump-
sealudpka hii't he is a bridegroom; she is a bride; partic. shumpshealtko
married; sumsedlstka gi to be on the point or to be willing to enter the
married state, 60, 6. Der. mbushéala. Cf. ldkiala, shnawédshla

shumpséalsh, d. shushampséalsh marriage, wedlock, 77, 1. (title).

shumshealémantko, d.shushamshealémantko married man or woman:
lapuk sumsedlémamks, obj. case (for shum(p)shealémampkash) the
married couple, 59, 8. Cf. mbushni (2).

Si’mti, St’mde ‘“A¢ the Outlet,” nom. pr. of a camping-ground on Kla-
math Marsh. Der. shi’m (8). Cf. shumalkish.

stindé, pl. timi s (1) Sunday, the first day of the week: s-ka‘klkish
preacher: Sunday ki-tks clergyman ; lit. “Sunday conjurer,” 42,12. (2)
week: nash s. for one week, 61, 16.; lapéni s. for two weeks, 43, 13. 61, 19.
62, 2.; ndan s. for three weeks, 61, 20.21. From Eng. Cf. nfa, tankak.

shumaluakitko—shuptéga. Sila

stindé-gittla, stindé-giulank Monday; lit. “Sunday past”: vanepni
tinshna s-giulank waita, or simply: vinepni tinshna Thursday. Cf. lapéni
(2), nddni (2), she-étish (2). When not a compound: last week. Cf.
nia (1).

shuntapka, d. shushantdpka to engage in a fight, to assault each other with
stones, blocks or other bulky things. Cf. nutédshna.

shuntoyakea-étkish, shuntoyiikidtkish (1) sling for throwing heavy
missiles. (2) ball, play-ball. Of. skiwétkish, shuntéwa-udsha.

shuntéwa-udsha, d. shushantéwa-udsha to throw at each other, 185;
45. Cf. nutédshna, nutolala.

shtinuish, shuné-ish, d. sht’shnuish property, possession, riches, valuables :
ké-u shnawédsham sh. the property of my wife.

shunuishaltko, d. shushnuishdltko possessed of, owning: nanuktua sh.
rich, wealthy. Cf. hashtaltampka.

shuntyua, shunui-uya to feel ill or aggrieved, 190; 1%.

shuntwkanka, d. shushnikanka to make observe, to compel observance, as
of laws, orders, regulations. Der. niwa.

shunt’kanksh, d. shushnikanksh order, ordinance, behest, 61, 7.

shupd’hlka, d. shushpd’hlka to pull, to tear out from one’s body: lak sh.
to tear out one’s own hair. Der. piVhka. Cf. shuptdga.

shtipalya, shupaléka, d. shtishpalya; same as shdépalya, q. v.

shupashka, d. shushpdshka to draw, pull out (a weapon) for a fight, 37,
10. Der. pushka.

shupéléka to lay on, put on, heap upon: shtié sh. nii’ss to cover the head

with a coating of resin, 89, 6. Cf. shdpalza.

shf’pka, d. shushdpka to be heaped up, to lie on a heap; to be loaded on a
vehicle, to form a load: kshii’n sh. here is a load of hay; kta-, papkash sh.,
a load of stones, lumber lies heaped upon the ground, on a wagon ete. Der.
shépa. Cf. shdépalza, sht’ptchna.

shi’p’luash, sht’pluhash, d. shushapli’hash ball, play-ball, toy-ball.
Der. shu-ti’ta, péli, -u-. Cf. léwash, shakuéash.

shupliga, d. shushap’lt’ga Tittle ball, little play-ball. Dim. shi’ p’luash.

shuptéga, d. shushaptéga to pull, tear out from oneself: lak sh. to tear out
one’s own hair. Der. putéga. Cf. shupd’hlka.

378 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

sht’ptehna, d. shushaptchna to be in motion; said of a load, heap or
pile: kshtin sh a wagon load of hay is traveling. Der. shdpa

shupumtchishaltko, d. shushapumtchishaltko related as male cousins ;
sons of brothers or sisters call each other by this name. Der. piimtchip.

sht’shap, pl. timi sh., jewsharp, KI. From the English. Cf. shalallish.

shtishatish, pl. timi sh., worker; maker, producer, manufacturer; forms
a large number of compounds, as: kiifla-sh. miner; mole, 134, 17; lit.
“worker in the ground”; laki’sh-sh. locksmith; paApkash-sh. carpenter;
pash-sh. cook; p’laitalkni sh. (a) preacher. (b) heavenly Maker, creator,
God: stindé-sh. preacher; watiti-sh. smith, blacksmith. The absolute form
shitesh, q. v., is unfrequent. Der. shtita.

shushutdnkish, pl. timi sh., negotiator; negotiator of peace, peace com-
missioner, 38, 5. 14. 89, 20. Der. shitanka.

shita, st’ta, d. shushata (1) to perform, to act, to achieve, to do: kaftua sh.
nothing was done, 36, 18. 48, 13. ef. 184, 15.; k6-i sh. to spoil, to render use-
less; to outrage ete., see kti; kani ku-i shuta? who has spoiled? yualks-
shitko sh. to render sorrowful, 17, 21.; shute-udpka hak he will do it; at
an hink nanuk shutéla I have finished all my work; talaak sh. to straighten
out, to make right, 34, 14.; sht’ta to work on somebody; said of the con-
jurer’s manipulations upon a patient, 68, 5.: wak i’sh shutii! do, perform
something for me! protect me! 111,15 and Note; ka-i na‘Ishi tua shutétki
let us do nothing wicked, 139, 6.; ef. 11. (2) to manufacture, to prepare, to
produce, to shape: gépiunks sh. they prepare the kdpiunks-food, 146, 5.;
palash sh. léhiash they make bread from the léhiash-root, 147, 21.; shuldtish
sh to make a garment or a suit of garments; ktchinksh shushdta they made
rails, 35, 5. 15.; kiila sh. to work in the ground; said of miners and of
burrowing animals; tuméntka shute-udpka lakf the majority will (or
has to) elect the chief, 90, 4.; tidsh sh. she shapes (them) aright, 91, 9. ef.
91,6. Cf. la-iks, shishatish. (3). to create, to make: kiifla, or kiiflash sh.
to create the earth, world, 125, 1. 142, 1. 2., ef. kailalfa; Béshtinash shatélank
after creating the white race, 103, 4.; K’mukamtchim shutdélash after
K’mikamtich had created (the earth); lit. “‘when creating was terminated
by K’mtkamtch”, 104, 5. ef. 142, 1; shdpash sh. to create moons, 105,

1. 7.; sh is construed with two objective cases in 103, 2. (4) to gain, to

=~

shi’ptchna—shutédshna. 379

make profit by: tué nai shutii’-uapk? what would I have profited by it?
64, 12.—The majority of the derivatives of shita come from an original
form shutéa, shutii’-a.

shutdakta, d. shushtakta to swagger, to put on airs. Cf. shalkid-a, shapkua
(or shapkua-a), shipnu.

shutandanka, d. shushtandanka to form confluence; said of two streams.
Cf. shend’tkatko. Quot. under E-ukalksini Kéke.

shuitanka, shu-titanka, d. shushtitanka, shushd’tanka (1) to meet from
opposite directions; to meet in council; to palaver, negotiate, confer: shu-
utanktgi pi’sh to meet him in council, 13,12. Mod. for hushtanka Kl. (2)
to conclude a treaty, agreement, 55, 1.; to make peace; hii i tn shi’'tanktak
if you make peace, 39, 21.; shutankuapkiga for the purpose of making a
peaceable settlement, 38, 3.; sht‘tanksh to treat for peace; euphemistically
for: to surrender, 43, 22. Contr. from sh’hitanka Der. hita.

shutankish, shu-titanksh, d. shushétanksh (1) negotiation, parley, war-
council, palaver. (2) treaty, agreement, 38,9. Cf. pani (2).

shutankdétkish, d. shushtankétkish tool, instrument or contrivance to
effect an agreement, treaty or peace negotiation: sht-ttanko’tkish-paksh
council-pipe, 14, 5. Der. shitanka. Cf. shushutankish.

shutanktpa, d. shushotinktpa to meet in council or for negotiation, 14, 3.

shutanktla, d. shushotanktla (1) to close negotiations. (2) to succeed
in concluding peace; to.make peace at last, 39, 13. Der. shitanka

shutapka, d. shushutipka to fight with clubs, sticks or other long articles:
pitak sh. he strikes himself. Der. udtipka. Cf. shuktdipka, shu-utapka.

shutapkéa, d. shushtapkéa to stand on one’s head; said of persons and
things. Der. tipka. Cf. shetalzéa.

shutédshanuish, d. shushtédshanuish, lit. “what has been performed
on the way while walking”: (1) road cleared of obstacles. (2) plow’s fur-
row. Xl. for shutitchanuish Mod. Der. shutédshna.

shutédshka, d. shushtédshka to surround with rails, palings or fence; to
Jence mm, as a grave, 88, 2. _ Der. shiita.

shutédshna, d. shushtédshna to do, perform on one’s way, to make while
traveling, 108, 3.: lapi géna tidsh shutedshnéka two men will go and put
‘(the road) in good order, viz., clearing it of every obstacle, as fallen trees,
e. g., 85, 2. Der. shita.

380 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shuteyéga, shutiiyéga, d. shushteyéga to begin to make; to commence
producing, creating, 104, 4.: himasht shdpash li’pi shuteyégatk in this
manner the moons were first made, 105, 1. (title); lipf na‘Ish shutiiyéga he
created us first, 94, 1. and Note. Der. shtita.

shutéla, d. shushtéla to prepare;-to build, construct, manufacture for a
purpose, 24, 5.; watsat shutiilank preparing (a bed) on a horse, 24, 9.

shuteléma, d. shushateléma, v. trans. and refl., fo put on, to line or smear
oneself with; said of body-paint: shushateléma télish every one lines his
Jace with it, 150, 8.

shutelomashla, d. shushtelomdshla to be in the habit of lining or smear-
ing oneself ; said of body-paint, 150, 6.

shute-détkish, contr. shutd’tkish, d. shushte-é6tkish article serving for
performing, doing, making or accomplishing something: (1) working tool;
tool, instrument of any description: ngeé’sh= or shiwalsh-sh. bullet-mold.
(2) article forming part of an instrument or implement: tékanksti-sh. quiver-
string; stilhanks-sh. quiver with string and arrows complete. Der. shiita.
Quot. under shipatch.

shutesh, d. shishtesh (1) adj., for shutd-ish, shutii’ish appropriate for
work, fit to work upon. Occurs in kiifla-shitesh, q. v. (2) subst.; same
as shiitish worker; maker, manufacturer of one object only: kiifla shtitish
creator; speaking of many objects, shtishatish, q v. Der. shitta.

shutéshla, d. shushtéshla (1) to cook; to cook in a kettle or pot, 147, 15.;
pash sh. to cook food. (2) to make bread; to grind, pound into flour: w6-
kash sh. to grind pond-lily seed, 74, 9. Der. slvita.

shutila, d. shushtila (1) to hold or carry under the arm or arms; said of a
long-shaped object. (2) to tie, bind together ; to make a long-shaped bundle.
Der. utila. Cf. i-utila, shultila.

shutish, shtitesh, abs. form of shtshatish. See shitesh.

shutka, d. shushitka to injure by wounding; to inflict wounds, bruises or
bodily injury: titatna tch ké-i sh., sissukttya hak also at times they do not
wound each other, but treat each other to fisticuffs only, 61, 18.

shutéya, d. shushtéya, shushtttya to plow. Mod. for sputtya KI. Der.
vutéya. Cf. yépa, sputttyuish.

shutoydétkish, d.shushtoyétkish plow. Mod. for sputtiyotch K1.

shvi/nitka. 381

shuteyéga

shutpakshaltko, d. shushatpakshaltko (1) related to each other as
younger sister to elder brother. (2) related to each other as brother to sister,
and vice versa. Der. tipakship. Cf. shatapialtko.

shutpashui, d. shushatpdshui fo put black paint on one’s body; this being
the paint of dancers, 158; 51. and Note. Cf. shuteléma.

shtitualsha, d. shtishtualsha to throw at each other repeatedly, as balls
while at play, 80, 10. Der. shu-t’'ta.

shutuyakiéa to throw over, to throw at, to bombard: Ankutka sh. to throw
sticks at, 122, 8.4. Cf. shu-fi'ta.

shutehod’sha, d. shushtcho’sha, shushats0’sha to rub, line, smear over;
e. g., the skin with oil; to besmear oneself. Der. tudsho’sha.

sht’-uashipka, a lengthened pronunciation of shi’dshipka, q. v., as
required by the metre, 183; 14.

shu-t’ta, shuwi’ta, d. shushu-t’ta, shushwi’ta (1) to throw, to hwl at
each other. (2) to play at ball or club; to play bandy, balls being hit and
driven with sticks. Der. vita (1). Cf. vutédsha.

shu-utapka, shi’‘tapka, shitdpka, d. shushitapka to throw at each other;
said of long objects, as clubs; different from shutapka, q. v. Der. vita.

shiwa, shi-ua, v. trans.; said of one anim. object, as a man, horse, cow,
dog ete. (1) to drive out, expel, oust. Cf. shika, its derivatives and those
of niwa. (2) to drive into the water. Cf. géwa, hiwa.—Speaking of more
than one object, niwa, d. ninua: watch kiketat n he drove the horses into
the river, 127, 11.

shuwadlya, shudlya, d. shushudlya, v. intr., to fly, flit, glide, move, agitate
through the air: shualyota while flying, 114, 9.; shiulapkétkishtka shudlza
to fan. Cf. nuwalya.

shuwaltktcha, d. shushudltktcha to fly after, to follow through the air,
114, 9.; to fly after to distant parts. Cf. nuwalya.

shvuytsha, d. shvushvuytisha (1) to think of, remember. (2) to think
over, to study. Cf. hiishka, shéwa.

shvuyushaga, d. shvushvuyushaga, Mod.; same as shvuytisha.

shvi/ntka, Mod. tehvi/ntka, d. shvushvantka, v. impers., hoar-frost is
Jorming. Der. wén. Cf. sgti’mla.

382 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Be

T alternates with d, sometimes with wt, nd; cf. Introductory words to the
letters D and N. Words beginning with tch, ts were gathered under a
separate heading. ‘The prefix ta- refers to persons or to long-shaped things
standing upright, and usually occurs in some abbreviated form: te-, té-, t’-, t-.
The initial syllables ti-, tin- and tush- form verbs with the signification of
running, moving fast, when more than one subject is spoken of, and are not
prefixes, but radical syllables. To some verbs with the radical ti- this does
not apply. Words with initial tg-, tk-, tk, tz- generally express the idea
of one subject standing upright.
ta, -ta, accented -ta (1) abbr. of Mod. particle tala none but, just, merely:

hagga ta shlé-ek! hallo! let me just see it! 127, 8. Cf. tdla (3). (2) abbr.

of the postp. of the directive case, -tala. Cf. tala (4). (3) abbr. of the
particle tala then. Cf. tala (5). Quot. under hin, shepkédsha, wak.
tadsh, ta’dsh, encl. tads, conj. introducing a strong and unexpected con-
trast and answering somewhat to our in spite of; however, though: ti’ hak
yuVka K’mikamts; Wanak tads yi’tlansna K’mdkamtch’s arrow fell this
side of the mark, but that of Silver Fox missed the direction, 100, 21.; waltka
sha ta’dsh Iéklekpkank they conversed among themselves, but only in whis-
pers; undk ta‘ds miluapéle in spite of that they got ready at an early hour,

20, 12. It is connected with ak in: kui t. ak giug hiétalt nish by mere

cruelty (lit. “by acting wickedly”) they will tramp on me, 104, 1.; with

toks in: né-asht ta’dsh toks ni ti/ména I was, however, informed to that

effect, 140, 6. Cf 101, 17. 108, 5. 122, 20. 184, 5. 147, 12. Usually t.

stands after the first word of the sentence.
tadsha, d. tatadsha to touch each other while walking.
tadsi, unmeaning term serving to beat the measure for dancing with

short steps, 163; 8. Cf. té-i.
tadshéla, d. tatadshéla to dance a war dance before the fight. Der tidsha.
ta’htd-ash, d. tatatd-ash, tatata’sh grasshopper, KI. for kamtéta Mod.

Dried grasshoppers serve as food to many Indian tribes. Der. taktza.
tayash, d. tatayash sack, bag for holding provisions, as seeds, roots ete.

They were manufactured of lacustrine grasses and reeds, and are now

superseded by flour-sacks bought from the whites. Cf. Note to 74, 10.

fa—takia- 383

tak, -tak, -tak, tok, -tok, -tik, encl. particle of adversative, disjunctive im-
port, conveying the idea of contrast; it is appended to all parts of speech,
more in use in Mod. than in K1., and not always easily translated in
English, though it corresponds to but, however. (1) Contrast is indicated
by it when it is suffixed to the first word of a sentence, the coutents of
which form contrast to a previous one: tapitak Lémé-ish shiuga snawedsh
but after this the Thunder killed the woman, 111,17. Cf. 150, 9. (2) Stand-
ing in the principal clause of a sentence it often indicates the future
tense, when appended to a verb: tatank itak shéwanash haménian ish
shpunkaktak vishmush I will let you have this cow for what you like to
pay, Mod. Modoes place it in the incident as well as in the principal
clause in conditional sentences, and connect it in the latter, or in both,
with the particle un, tin, q. v.: hii i paltak, spulhitak sha mish tn 7 you
steal, they will lock you up; hii nish tn Béshtin laki tidsh shualaliampaktak,
géntak nai fin agency if the American agent will protect me well, I will go
to the agency, 36, 11. Cf. 36, 2.3. 75,9. (3) Emphasis rather than con-
trast is indicated when tak is appended to pronouns: nti J, niitak myself:
nutak idshnan (gi) I take away to keep, Mod.; mitok thy own; cf. 189; 7.;
with other parts of speech, taks, toksh is more frequent to mark emphasis.
Cf. tadsh, taks.

taka, d. tatka, v. intr., to be sharp, to cut: Titkim wati a kui tikatko
Titak’s knife is dull, blunt; tidsh takatk sharp, cutting well.

takaga, d. tatkaga to tear up, to tear to shreds, as paper, cloth. Der. kaga.
Cf. kata, petéga.

takaga, taggdga, d. tatgdga, tatkaka (1) quail, mountain quail; Oreortyx
picta. Kl (2) female quail. Mod. Cf. tikiga. Onomatop.

tikak, takak, tikaz, d. tatkak, tatkak flat portion of foot, hand: (1) sole
of foot. (2) t. or népam t. palm of hand. (8) callosity on foot or hand.

takanilza to turn the right side up, 80, 3.: (hi) lalakiak tit takani’lyuk
gélya of the male pair of beaver teeth are dropped with the wrong side down,
80, 4. Cf. gélya, nikualka.

takéléash float; cork or tule-reed is used for this purpose: sué-ushtat t.
Hloat on fish-line. Cf. kné-ush, knéwa, stakla, shué-ush.

takia, d. tatkia to stop up, bung up, as a barrel: partic. taki’tko bunged up.

384 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

takima, d. tatkima to form a ring, circle; said of persons. Mod. Cf.
vaki'ma, tgakidmna.

tikish, d. tatkish small net; seed-net or net for catching insects.

tikni, d. tatakni, abbr. from tatkni, q. v.

taks, -taks, -taksh, toks, -toksh, -ttiksh, particle mostly used enclitically,
enlarged from tak and of the same signification, but connecting words
or sentences more closely to what precedes, and not employed in form-
ing a future tense. (1) Contrast is indicated to what is contained in the
sentence preceding: tchélash toks lé-isham but the stalk of the léyash, 147,
19.: gitatoks but here, 147, 10. 18.; hutaks tinzantké gi he is indeed a lucky
fellow; kshawinasht tt’ksh but if they fall unequally, 80, 5.; Aishish toks
shli‘tam’na talaak! Aishish, however, always hits the mark! 100, 20 ; hii’-
toks i hussinuapk but if you join in a horse-race, 59, 22., cf. 59, 2. 9.;
shnilas toks hi’k p’latwasham although it was the nest of the eagle (not of
the lark), 100, 9.; tankt.... huktoks hissuaks gépka that time... when
these men arrived, 28, 4. Cf. 19, 1. 29, 21. 79, 3. 80, 3. 88, 1. 95, 7. 13.
19. 23. 119, 15. 149, 11. and tadsh. (2) t. indicates emphasis, when ap-
pended to personal, possessive and other pronouns; cf. tak: ndlamtoks
maklaks our own tribe. Cf. 184; 37. and kanf (2). (3) Gradation is often
intended, when t is connected with adjectives and adverbs: tidshitoks
very good, better than, superior to; ma’ntchtoks at pddshit wiiitash, Mod,
the days are quite long (this season of the year).

taiksish, the eatable portion of an alimentary plant described in 149, 1.

taktakli, taktakli, dissimilated taktii’kli; d. tataktakli, dissimilated
tatii‘ktakli, 147, 1. 9. (1) red, red-colored: t. watch sorrel horse; t. pa-
watch red beet; t. (for taktaklish) shlapsh gi’tk having a red flower, 147,
20.; kétcha t. reddish. (2) Taktakli ‘‘the Red,” “Reddy,” nom. pr. of a
Rogue River Indian chief, 16, 6. (3) vermilion, scarlet, crimson and other
shades of red. (4) pink. Cf. ta’ytka, ta’ztki.

taktakli, taztazli, d. tataktakli even, level, plane, unbroken: taktaklanta
kiflatat in an open field, 43, 20. (Mod.); ef. 43, 8. Contr. from talakta-
lakli. Cf. talaka, taltali.

tiktya, d. tatiktya to make a chirping, rustling, whirring noise. Said of

the chirping of grasshoppers, crickets etc. Cf. ta’htd-ash.

aly

takima—tdlaak. 385

Taktzish, nom, pr. of a camping-place on Klamath Marsh; lit. ‘Crickets’
Chirping.”

taikua, d. tatkua to gag: ankutka shim t. to gag the mouth with a piece of
wood, 120, 18.19. Cf. takia.

ta'ytka, d. tata’ytka to be or become red, ruddy; said, e. g., of coloration
produced by sun rays: paishash t the clouds are glowing red. Der. tak-
in taktékli. Cf. skélya (2).

ta’ytki, d.tata’ztki to blush. Der. tak- in taktakli. Cf. ké’ytgi, ndétehka.

tala, dala, pl. tami t. (1) dollar: lp, tiinep t. two, five dollars, 74, 10. 11.
(2) money in com or in notes, 87, 5.; t. ptedsha to spend money; to incur
expenses; t. shewandtki money to be paid, 35, 13. 36, 1.; talalam wakoksh
purse, money-bag. From the English dollar. Cf. ské-utish.

tala, -tala, d. tatdla, titdla (1) adv., right ahead, straight out, direct: tatdla
kei none of them are straight ahead of me, 136, 3. (2) adv., correctly,
justly: ia tala gi! you are right! (3) adv., but, only, merely, solely, none
but; Mod. for pila, pil KL: ha’-atak t. it was none other than he, 173; 3.
(for ha’t pilak K1); i tala, nti t. you alone, I alone; gé-u t. p’'ti’shap my
Sather alone. Often abbr. into -ta, especially when suffixed to pronouns.
(4) postposition of the directive case: (a) towards, to: kiflatala towards
the region, 173; 2. (b) at, in (a place): Yamatala in Oregon; tzAlamtal in
the West; frequently occurs as a formative of compounds: kokagtalkni,
plaitalkni ete. (5) particle expressing amazement, surprise; not easily
translated, but sometimes corresponding to then and abbr. into -tal, -ta:
tuatala what then, what after all, 158; 56.; tudtal, tudta which kind of,
112, 2.5. 12.; wak ta giug how then, why then? 110, 10., cf. 65, 5.; ka
tal? (for kani tala?) who then? 189; 7. Cf. ta.

talaak, d. tatalak; adv., and emphatic form of téla No. 2. (1) straight,
straightly, right. ahead, directly: t. shné-utchna to draw a straight line; at
nu t. sht’'ta then I will straighten out all difficulties, 34, 14., cf. 16,11.; nat
tilaaks yAmtital géna we proceeded in a direction due north, 29, 6.; here
talaaks was explained by talaak-kshi, as its original form. (2) correctly,
justly, rightly: talaak ha? is that correct? shli’tam’na t. he always hits the
mark, 100, 20. (3) truly, justly, uprightly, unimpeachably, 36, 12. 14. 15.
(4) prep and postp., directly toward: t. nats toward us, 29,15. Cf. talaat.
(5) used as adj.: straight, long: t (or talak) anku fire-wood. From tala, ak.

25

386 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tilaat for talaak. Cf. Note to 29, 10.

talika, tdlaka, d. tataldka (1) to rub with the palm of the hand; to pass over
a level surface; to rub. (2) to plane, plane off, smooth off: (3) to paint, put
paint on, to varnish, as furniture: tilakank (for tilakan gi) they are in the
habit of painting, 87, 3. and Note Der. tala No. 2.

talaltko, pl. timi t. (1) provided with money, coin or notes. (2) wealthy,
moneyed, rich. Der. tila No. 1. Cf. shétaluatko, shunuishaltko.

talani, d_ tatalani right-minded, upright, honest, exemplary: talénishak
hi’shkanksh gitko well-intentioned. Der. tala No. 2. Cf. Iétalani.

taldshi, d. tataldshi (1) errow with wooden point to hunt small game with:
long arrow provided with a heavy wooden point. (2) shooting apparatus ;
bow and arrow. (3) short spear, javelin: dalts shikna to throw a spear.
Lit. “‘straightened” (wood). Der. tala No. 2. Cf. ngé-ish, nte’ktish.

taldshiaga, taltsiak, d. tataldshiiga little arrow; used by boys as play-
things, 107, 14.109, 15. Dim. taldshi. Cf. sha-ulia.

taldshitko, d. tataldshitko armed with arrows, or with bow and arrows:
Sho‘ksham wewckalam t. provided with the arrows of the young cranes, 123,
6. and Note. Der. taldshi.

tile, d tatdle stagnant water, slough, swamp: wekétash tadletat tchia the
green frog lives in the swamp. Of. 147, 3. 149, 20. 150, 1. -Cf. taltali.

taliga, d. tatliga (1) to be or stand near; to touch, to be in contact with. Cf.
Kak-Tatiksh. (2) to be or stand near the water. Cf. Wak-Taliksh.

tailka, talya, d. tetilya to stick up something sharp or pointed; to pierce, to
impale, to spit: wakash tétalzok while sticking bone-awls into the ground,
105, 6. Cf. shetalyéa, sttilka.

talkidsha, d. tatalkidsha, v. intr. (1) fo veer around, rotate, gyrate; to turn
around like the hands of a clock. (2) to whirl around; said of persons.

talyea, talzii-a, d. tetilyea to talk jokingly, with exaggerations ; to make fun
of, to joke about: talke-ug while joking about, 105, 16. Cf. shéshtalkash.

talpakpka, d tatalpAkpka to look into another's face; to look at a person’s
features closely, e. g. when surprised. Cf. télish.

talpatka, d. tatalpatka to look into a person’s face.

talpatkdéla, d. tatalpatkéla to look out from under a cover or shed, 96, 23.

tilsza, d. tatalsza to see, look through a tube.

talaat—tamut. 387

taltali, d. tataltali, adj., running straight; forming an unbroken straight
line; said, e. g., of the border of a square table. Der. tala No. 2. Cf.
naitaltélshna, taktakli.

tiltalsh, d. tataltalsh plate; tin plate.

tilualza, d. tatalualya to turn the face to the sky, upwards: tilualyank
szt'lpka to le on one’s back; kshi’sha taludlyan he was lying within on his
back, 24, 14. Cf. télish.

~tdluod sha, d. tataluodsha to stew, boil up, 113, 1.

tam, procl. tam (1) interr. particle standing as the first word in a direct or
indirect query in the absence of another interr. particle (or pronoun);
not translatable in English, but generally used where an affirmative reply
is expected: tam i nish lédla? do you believe me? tim mi’sh sett’lya kant?
did anybody consort with you? 78,3 ; tam hai tchi’ msh hi’nk layank téwi?
did he really shoot at you, taking aim? 109, 17.; tam tatdkiash shleé’sht?
if he had seen the children? 122, 18., cf. 19.; tam 7 shli’a? do you see?
Modoes most frequently connect t. with lish: tam lish i nti’sh léla? do
you believe me? KI. with hai, haitech; cf. 140, 4 9. Cf. tamu, tamiidsh.
(2) adv., somewhere, at some place ; contr. from tata am: kani hi tam pdka?
who is smoking around here?

tamadsha, d. tat’mddsha (a in -ma- long) (1) v. intr., to stand at the end
of a row, file or series; to stand out, aside or in front of a group; to be the
Jirst or last. (2) v. trans., to place, fasten at the extremity of: with double
obj. case in: kiii’m-luelo’tksh vii’nsat tamadsank téwas they fasten it as a
Jish-killing article in the forked net at the bow of a canoe, 149, 22. Cf.
yumadsha, lamadsha, leliwa, Stépalsh-Tama‘dsh.

taménoétka, tamni’tka, d. tatamno’tka to return, come back; to have been
at, to have visited a place; lit. “to return from traveling”: ni t. tind tapi’
I was there for the last time, 24, 21.; cf. 25, 1. 2.; tat i tamnii’tka? where
do you come from? 141, 2.; tat lish i tamno’tka? Mod. where have you been?
Der. taménd. Quot. under -ni.

timént, tamno, daémént, d. tatamnt (1) to travel, march; to be on a jour-
ney, trip or march: yamat taménud'ta wiile running out m a northern
direction, 37,16. (2) to walk, go away; to go. Cf. tatémnuish.

tamt for tam hi’; cf. tim. In 41, 18 -t’, -hd’ points to local and tem-
poral presence: tami’ lish @ muld‘la? ave ye ready here now? Cf. tam.

388 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tamudsh, tamii’dsh (1) interr. particle in questions put directly; like
tam, it is generally untranslatable, and often used when a negative an-
swer is expected: t. kek hishuaékga hémkanka? can this boy speak? ka-
yudsh hi’t hémkankatk gi he cannot speak yet; t. pash ni tiména? do I
hear something said concerning myself? 185; 38. 'T. is sometimes used
elliptically for tami’dsh i (or at) mi’lua? are you (or ye) ready? (2)
particle introducing questions put indirectly: that, whether, if, whether or
not: shle’dshuk, tamt’dsh ktanshisht in order to see whether he was asleep,
113,15. Cf. 122, 4. as quoted under shéwa. Der. tam, t’tch. Cf. tam.

tan, d. titan, abbr. from tanni, q. v.

tanapsh, pl. timi t., turnip, 147, 18. From the English.

taniani, d. tatdniani, adj, as large in size; so large: lawal ka tanian
slapshtat this is its width at the bud, 149,1. Der. tanni. Cf. -ni, paénani.

tank, d. tatank (1) adv. temp then, at that time, epoch, or period; often
placed after the noun: tina illdlash t. last year. (2) adv. temp. (a long:
tank) long ago, many months or years ago; the length of time elapsed

remaining wholly undetermined: snawddsh kélém t. kéléka the wife of

this (man) died long ago. Ct. gahak, ma’ntch, nia. (3) adj., so many, so
much. Quot under tak (2). (4) pron. interr., how many? how much?
70, 8.; tankéni standing for tank a ni. Contr. from tanni gi. Cf. kank.

tank, dank, d. titank; abbr. from tankatch, q. v.

tankak (1) adv. temp., then, that time; referring to a short lapse of time.
(2) adv. temp., not long ago, a short time ago: tankak nd-entk stnditka
last week. Ct. nia, welisht (8) adj., a@ few, some, some few, not many:
Méatuashash pila sa sftiga tinkak they killed a few Pit River Indians only,
20, 8.; wats siiwana t. he gave a few horses only, 78,1. From tank, ak.

tinkakak (1) adv. temp., a short time only. (2) adj., a few only: t sa
sittka wewalii’ksas k’mutchipkas tchi’sh they killed only a few old women
and old men, 17, 18. From tankak, ak.

tankatch, tangateh, abbr. tank, d. tatankatch palate.

tankni, d. tatankni, adj., often with adverbial function: (1) belonging to
that time; living at the time, existing at the period referred to (2) early,
ancient, bygone: t. maklaks (a) the ancient tribe; (b) the earlier generation,

85, 6. Cf ma‘ntchni. (3) short, not extended, brief in time (from tank in

tamudsh—tanni. 389

the sense of tankak (2), ef. tankt at, tanktak): t. waito’lan after the lapse
of a few days only, 43, 4.; ma’ns tinkéni ak wattash after a while, within
so many days, 73, 7. (4) adv., so many times; many times, often, 59, 16.
(5) tankéni in 70, 8. is: tank a ni (siitu)? how many do I count? Cf.
tink (4).—Der. tank No. 1.

tankskni, 24, 21.; same as tanktchikni, q. v.

tinkt, d. tatankt (1) adv., at that time, then: kii‘gi t. none were there at
that time, 16, 17.; t. ni géna that time I set out, 21, 1.; tti’m t. hushtchdka
sa many they killed then, 16, 8.; t. gatpanuapkshe’mi in a future time, in
a time to come; nash (for ndlash) sé’gsa t. E-ukskni siko‘lkipaluk at that
time (or hour) the Klamath Lake warriors told us to reassemble, 20, 9.; cf.
19, 6. 21, 1. 24, 20. 28, 4. 31, 2. 6. 64, 3.; tankt at quickly, suddenly,
at once, 23, 11. (2) adv., finally, at last, 23, 2. 20. 60, 19. 22. (3) conj.,
after, afterwards: t. nd hemkanktak after this is done, I will talk over, 42,
5.; t. shildshim génuish mdklaks shuénka hii’nk after the troops had left,
the Indians killed (the disabled ones), 38, 2.; tinkt then, after these acts,
59, 17.18. Cf. tapitana (2). From tank, at.

tanktak, d. tatanktak (1) adv., very soon, pretty soon, shortly afterwards,
28, 6. 37, 12.: t. techiksh at the same time, 87, 11.; composed of tankt and
ak. (2) adv, formerly, long ago, long since; composed of tank and tak. Cf.
gdhak, ma/ntch. (3) t. and tanktoksh, excl. of one molested or teased by
others: enough! stop! quit! cease! lit. ‘so much then!” Composed of tank
(3), tak. Mod. for gii’tak Kl. Cf. kanktak.

tanktchik, adv., at that time, then; lit. “then at last”. 'T. is a correlative
to tatitaks in 128, 1. From tank, tehée’k. Cf. tanktak tchiksh s¢multa-
neously, at the same time, 87, 11.

tanktchikni, Kl. tankshikni, tankskni, d. tatanktchikni, adj., he, she or
it from that time; this or that from that time to the present time; that or those
living since that epoch, 128, 9. and Note; t. ka-i pén nadsha’shak tchia from
that time they never dwelt together again, 13, 2.; tehti t. ké-itata ge’nt sel-
ludlshuk from that time I never started again for warfare, 24, 21. Der.
tank, tché’k; the adj. of tanktchik.

t&nni, abbr. tan, d. tatanni (1) pron. interr., how many? how much? to
what amount? +. ilksh shii‘tu a’t? how many food-buckets do ye count? 70, 8.;

390 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

t. sha géna? how many went there? 93, 5.; t. witch gi? Mod.; t. mi watch
et? KI. how many horses have you? tin ai wewéash gitk? how many children
have you? (2) pron. dem., so many, so much ; to that figure, to that amount:
ka t.: 3’ so long: three inches, 147, 1., ef. 146, 1.12. 149, 15. Cf. kank,
taniani, tank.

tint, d. tatant (1) floor of the sweat-lodge or spuklish. (2) fire-place of
winter-house: t. waki’sh inside-ladder of the winter-lodge, 180; 22.

tanua, dénua, d. tatanua (1) heavy flat stone serving as a mealing-stone
for grinding pond-lily and other seeds; resembling the lématch, but hol-
lowed out more deeply: dénuatat péksha to grind upon the mealing-stone.
Kl. (2) stone mortar for pounding corn, grain, seeds ete. Mod.

Tanua-Lutilsh, nom. pr. of a camping-ground on the Williamson
River; lit. “Under the Flat Rock”. From taénua, lutila.

tipak, tdpay, d. tatpak, tdtpak leaf of plant, shrub, or tree: hehatze t.
the (withered) leaves are falling, 75, 15.; t&pay kitchkani (supply: gi) the
leaves are small, 147, 1. Der. tapka. Cf. lutish.

tapadta, d. tatpata to hold together articles unequal in size or quality: (1) to
hold or lay together sheets of unequal size. (2) to seize hot objects by means
of a substance intervening. Cf. shnakptiga.

tapi, tapf d. tatpf (1) adv. loc., behind, aft; im succession, following: sha-
amoksh tapi’ gdlampaga the relatives follow behind, 85, 5., Mod. (2) adv.
temp., following in time, subsequently, afterwards: t. tita, t. titna a short time
after this, 66, 12.; tind t. for the last time, 24, 21.; tapi’ shelludlsha he went
to fight a second time, 21, 1. (title); tapitak but after this, 111, 16.

tipiap, ta’/piap, tdpiap, d. tatpishap, tatapiap (1) younger brother, said by
or in reference to elder brother, 113, 20. 114, 2.: shttli’ ta’pia m’na he
ordered his younger brother, 109, 3.; younger sister, said by or in reference
to elder sister. Cf. tapinkani. (2) younger male or female cousin; said by
elder male or elder female cousin. (8) half-brother; half-sister. Der. tapt.
Cf. pa-dnip, shatapidltko, ty¢é-unap, tttpakship.

tapfdshni, d. tatpidshni, Mod.: 134, 15.; same as tapftni, q. v.

tapini, tapini, topini, d. tatpfni, totpini, adj. (1) second, second to ; second
in order, file or rank, station, age ete. Cf. tapiap, tapinkani. (2) follow-
ing, subsequent, latter; last, ultimate: t. tchkash gékansha the last one also
rushed out; 112,12. Cf. shuldpshkish. (3) secondary, inferior. Der. tapt

r

tant—tdslatch. 391

tapinkani, tapinikani, d. tatpinkani the younger or youngest; coming in
age right after another, 119, 14.; said of children and of young animals:
kii’-udshish topinkan the gray wolf’s younger brother, 184; 31.; tapinika-
yentch (for tapinikaniénash) ankutka takuank shti’m gagging the mouth of
the younger (cub) with a piece of wood, 120, 19.; ef. 121, 22. Der. tapini,
-kani. Cf. tapiap, tyéwaga.

tapitana, tapitan, tapita, topita, d. tatpitana, totpfta (1) loc. prep. and
postp., after, behind, in the sequel or wake of ; in the rear of: Davish tapi’tan
laki the chief ranking neat after Dave Hill, 58,2. 3.; tché-v tapitanna hi'd-
shna an antelope was running behind (him), 126, 8 ; topitan wii’g’n behind
the wagon, 18, 6.; nti’sh tapi’tan in the back of the head, 42,9. (2) temp.
conj., subsequently: tapi’ta g4tpa Walamskni tchi’shtat afterwards (or after
this) the Rogue River Indians came to the settlement, 17, 1 Cf. tapi (2),
tehtii. From tapi, -tana.

tapitan kni, d. tatpitankni, adj., ove who is or remains behind; staying or
coming in the rear of, 96, 1.

tapitni, tapftni, Mod. tapfdshni, d. tatpitni, tatpitni, adj., posterior, hind-
most: t pe'tch hind leg, cf. 134, 15.; t. tehti’kash from behind their hips,
128, 10. Der. tapfta, the abbr. tapitana.

tapka, d. tatdpka, v. intr., fo stand out from, to jut out, to be salient; said
of Jong things: pshi’sh t. the nose projects. Cf samké-a, tapak, tuila.

tAaplal, pl. tumi t., Joon: a large fowl, black, with white spots; an excel-
lent diver, allied to the grebe, but having the toes fully webbed: Colym-
bus torquatus. By order of K’mikamtch the loon destroys a fish-trap of
the Maklaks Indians at the junction of Sprague and Williamson Rivers.
This myth is given 132, 1-8., and more explicitly in the Notes. Incan-
tations: 168; 46. 177; 28.: t. wéa the loon cries, 183; 24.

tapszoya, d. tatapszoya, v. impers., to be benumbed, rigid, as with cold;
said only of extremities of the body; t. an’s, t. na‘Ish my, our fingers are
stiff by cold. Kl. Der. tapka. Cf. katka, nda-itia.

tapsnék, d. tataipsnék, titapsniz brain. KI. for tlézo Mod

tishka, tdsga, d. tatashka to let go, let loose, 45, 7.: tashg’ iish! let me go!
kékish tashk’ i! let him go! at tashgat hinkesh! ‘ye let ham go!

taslatch, d. tatdslatch cougar or American tiger: elis concolor, 0, 19 ;

392 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

also called kiika-ush, q. v. Indian and American hunters have recently
exterminated all the cougars in the Klamath Highlands. Cf. tchlakdtcha.

tishta, d. tatishta to touch by hand: kaé-i i hin kiini tasht4nta! don’t touch
that! hands off! Cf. shdtashi, tadsha, tashuldla

tishui, tdssui, d. tatashui fo attack, charge, as an enemy: tsti tassuipk
(Sa’tas) then they attacked (the Snake Indians) in the absence of the one
speaking, 29, 19.; ef. Note. Cf. gut&mpka.

tashuldéla, d. tatashuldla to stroke, to pass through with the hand, e. g.
through hair or fur; the French efflewrer: 155; 21. Of. tdshta.

Tata, nom. pr. cf a Klamath Lake female.

tata, abbr. tat, tat (1) ady. interr. loc., where? in which spot? at which
place? 141, 1. 4.: tat a’t tatakshni gt? children! where are ye? 121, 5., ef.
Note to 121, 9.; tat lish? Mod., where then? where? 141, 8.; tatai? for tata
hi? q.v. (2) where? to or toward which place? tat at géna? where are ye
going? in questions put indirectly: tat kégpash genudpka, Mod., where
the heart tends to go, 3%, 22. Cf. 105, 4. (3) adv. loc., where, at which
place. Cf. taté No. 2., tatatuk, tatkni, ti’/tak.

tata, abbr. tat, d. tatatd, tat’ta (1) interr. temp. particle, when? at which
time or period? tata (for tat a) mi’sh nai tpéwa? when did I order you?
109, 6., cf. 10.; t. ma/ntch? how long ago? t. lish sha ksfulakuapk? when
will they have a dance? 140, 1. (2) conj. temp., when, at the time when;
then: ti’ tiwipk, t Doctor Johnam snawedsh shila out there he bewitched
him, when Doctor John’s wife was sick, 64, 2.; tataténat (for tatat a nat)
that time we, 24, 19., forms epexegesis to the foregoing tankté nat; tata
gen i shle-tga kukpadktak i nf’sh! Mod., when you see this think of me!
(3) adv. temp., ever, at any time: ki-i t. never; k4-i nii’sh shfugat tata he
can never kill me, 96, 22. Cf. ké-itata, tatatak and 24, 21. 34, 5.

tata whence, where from; from whom, 41, 5. and Note; also used interroga-
tively. Contr. from tata where? and interr. particle 4, ha.

titai? at which spot, place, locality? 140, 4. From téta, hi.

tatiksni, tatoksni, obj. tatakiash children; children able to walk; a subst.
having plural signification only, 34, 1. 37, 15. 17. 141, 10. 12.; said of
boys, 109, 15.; t. Tehéwamtcham the children of Old Antelope, 121, 4.; cf.
121, 6. 13. 15-19. 21. 122, 1. 15-19. Cf. suffix -ni, wéash.

+ ee

tashta—tatchapka. 393

tataksniptechi acting like children; childlike; childish.

tatdmnuish, abbr tatimnish, pl. timi t., one who is walking, traveling,
journeying, strolling about; habitual walker; traveler: tchissak t. a tramp,
vagrant, Mod.; ka-i hit. he ts tarrying, loitering on his journey, or walk;
munana tatamnish mole; see under mina. Der. taméni. Cf. pshin.

Tatapkaksh ‘ High-Cheekbones”, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man,
signer of the treaty in 1864; mentioned there as Tatetpas. Der. tapka.

tatatak, tatataksh whenever, at the time when, just when, 82, 4. 5.: tatatik
sé (for tatatak sha) spfiklid when they are sweating inside, 82,3. Der taté.

tatatli, d. tatatatli flat, level, even, smooth. Original form tat-tat-li; ef.
patpatli, taktakli.

Tatatmi, nom. pr. of a hill near Yaneks subagency, in Sprague River
Valley. Cf. tatatli.

tatatuk? where then? t. mdiklaks gitpa? where have the (Rogue River)
Indians gone? 17, 7. From tata where? 4, ha interr., tuk (cf. tak) then.

tatita, d. tatatita, v. intr., to be stuck up, to stick out; said of long-shaped,
inan. things: mii’luash t. the rabbit-skin sign (of the Indian conjurer) és
stuck up, hanging out. Cf. kiuyéga, kiukdya.

tatkni, abbr. takni, d. tatatkni, abbr. tatakni, adj. of tata: (1) coming
Srom where? inhabitant, native of which place or country? tatknii gi? where
are you from? (2) the one being there; he who, that which is there: tatakni
yt lya (the arrows) that have struck the ground at that spot, 136, 3.; native
of that place or country. Also used as an adverb.

tatkta, d. tatatkta, v. intr., to smart, to feel pain.

tatktish, d. tatatktish (1) pain, smarting, bodily suffering: incantation,
168; 47. (2) the article or substance producing disease; the sickness or
disease in a tangible bodily form, 71, 6. Conjurers feign to suck it out
from the patient’s body in the form of a pin, small stick, little frog ete.

tatyélam, tatyélamni, tatyélampani etc, forms used by KI.
in the absolute as well as in the distributive signification; ef. tzAlam,
tyalamni, tyAlampani, ete.

tatcehalka, d. tatatcha’lka to stroke, pat, caress by patting, 183; 23.
Der. tadsha. Cf. ptchaklya, tatchapka.

tatchapka, d. tat’tchapka to squeeze, press by hand; to mash. Cf. ndshapka.

394 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tatehtadshatko, d. tatatchtadshatko elastic, as india-rubber.

ta-ulaktdmna, d. tatulaktamna to swallow while raising the head: tehi-
kass a Ambu ptinuog t. the bird is drinking water.

ta-unep, ta-unep, d. tattinep, tittinep; same as té-unep, q. v.

ta-uni, d. tatd-uni (1) town, city, settlement of white people: tyalampan-
kani t. one-half of the town (2) Té-uni, name given to several of the
larger towns in the vicinity of the Klamath reservation, as Ashland and
Jacksonville in Oregon, Yreka (pronounced Wariki) in California, and
their surroundings. Yreka is referred to in 54, 4. 55,1. Cf. Note to
55, 1 and 3. From the English town; -i is the suffix of the inessive case.

tawalsh, d. tatualsh young quadruped; a term referring to certain animals
only: vinam t. elk one year old. Cf. lelédshi, wihlaga.

tawi, d. tatui, v. trans., to bewitch, to charm; to cast a deadly spell upon, to
infect with a long-lasting disease by sorcery, witchcraft, magic artifice, by the
“evil eye”. The people believe that conjurers only have the power to do
this at will, and that they cast their spells during festive dances, or when
visiting the sick ete. Hii’ i kiiks tawi-uapk, mi’ mish ni nii/-ulakuapk
should you, as a conjurer, cast a spell, then I would punish you in an exem-
plary manner, 59, 6.; k’léké tawi’sh the bewitched one dies, 62, 3.; ti’ tawipk

Jar away from here he cast the spell wpon him (tawipk for tawi-apka), at a _

distance from others, or unseen by them, 64, 2. 3. Cf. 66, 1. 68, 2. 10.
41. Cf. kfuks, shalyita, téwi.

tawiks, pl. timit, a plant growing in open places in the Klamath high-
lands, producing small yellow flowers standing in a bunch. The stalk
is about one foot long and has a white tap-root of the same length,
which is eaten raw or roasted.

tawiksalsha, d. tatufksalsha to gather the tawiks-root annually or habitu-
ally, 74, 3. Cf. kélalsha, po’ksalsha.

ta’tak, adv. loc., where, just where; when correlative with gii‘tak ‘“so
much ...... as where,” (3543. Der. tata, ak.

ti’taktak, adv. loc., just where, right at the spot where: titaktak huk
kAlak ma‘sha, gii’tak ubé-ush ktti’shka as far as the infection extends on the
body of the relapsed patient, just so large a piece he cuts out of the deer-skin,

73, 2. From tii‘tak, tak.

tatchtAdshatko—t@lak. 395

Téaztkni, or T. maklaks, nom. pr. of the Tygh Indians, a tribe in North-
ern Oregon, called so from Tygh Creek, a western tributary of the Des
Chutes River near its influx into the Columbia River. Rev. Pandosy
mentions the Tairtla as a tribe of the Sahaptin family. Also called
Télknikni, T maklaks.

tédsha, tétcha, d. tetadsha to wash, as articles of dress, bedding ete.:
tetidsha tchulish to wash shirts. Absol. form little in use. Cf. shetatcha.

tedshia, tetchia, d. tetadshia to wash for somebody. Cf. tédsha, temadsha.

_téga, d. tetéga to wear out, to use up by wear and tear KA. for kaga Mod.,
q.v. Cf. lelii’ma (2), ndéga, petéga, wéna.

té-i, unmeaning word; spoken while beating the measure for short-step
dances, 162; 7. Cf. tadsf.

té-in, té’n, vén, d. tétin, adv. of té-ini, a short while ago, very recently: d-ati
kéna t. deep snow fell a little while ago; té-intaks nia a short time ago.
Cf. nfa, tankak, welisht.

teina, taina maiden; young woman in her teens, 186; 49. Cf. té-ini.

té-ini, téni, d. tetini new, recent; young. Quot. under shlépka, sklepkipéle.

te-iniwd-as h, téniwash, tenuyd-ash, d. tetiniw4-ash (1) woman recently
married; called so by her husband’s parents. (2) young woman, maiden,
190; 9. Der. té-ini, wa. Cf. tenuydga.

téyi chief, headman; commander; high officer; applies to white and Indian
dignitaries: Chin. J. for laki KI. Cf. lakt, skikum-house.

Tékash, nom pr. mase. K1., interpreted by: ‘“erying tik, tik.”

t&kish, tékish sword, long blade, long knife, 113, 19. 114, 2. Cf. yuha-
néash, tkéka, wati.

Tékmal, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man, 65, 17.

tékteka, d. tetakteka to pain, burn ;.to produce a smarting sensation: nii'sh
t shléledsham the nettle burns me. Der. tika.

tékua, d. tetdkua to break, to break asunder, to smash to pieces; said of
long-shaped objects. Der. kéwa. Cf. tkéwa, ukéwa.

télak, ti’lak war-arrow; battle-arrow, 138, 1. Der. télya. Cf. ngé-ish,
nté’ktish, taldshi, talka.

té@lak, d. tée’télak Mod., teté/lak K1., waistcoat; garment belonging to the
wardrobe of males, 186; 50.

396 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

télha, téla, d. tetalha, tetala (1) to look upon, to look on, to overlook: tél-
hapka, tel’apka to look upon from a distance; nat waita yainatat télhap-
kank we passed one day in looking down, observing from an eminence, 21, 12.
(2) to look like, resemble in the face; to have the features of: shihank-shitko
télan having similar features; partic. télantko having a face, provided with
such a face: wika-télantko short-faced, short ainedige 190; 14. Der. tala
No.2 (1) Cf. télish, teldli, télshapka.

télhi, d. tetalhi to look at, to look down upon; said of objects on the ground,
in a lodge ete.: szisht’lank telhi ki/métat waking up, she looked into the
cave, 122, 14. Cf. télha, teldli.

télikualya, d. titlAkualza to look up, upward, skyward. Cf. taludlya.

telina, d. tetélina ¢o let go, to set free: telin’i ish let me alone; telintok nal
hii un he will let us go. Mod. Cf. sptnka, tashka, tila.

télish, tiilish, délish, d. tetalish (1) face: i’pza tclishtat they smeared into
their faces, 120, 18. (2) human face, human features, 87, '3. 150, 8. Der.
téla. Cf. kmapat’hiénatko, télha, télhi.

telitankpka, d. tetalitankpka to see somebody’s face from a distance ;
to see somebody within recognizing distance; to see one coming, LOOs19;
Der. télhi. Cf teldli.

télkgish, d. tetélkgish place of perforation: wawdksam t. ear-lobe. Der.
télya. Cf. hashtaksh, shékish.

Télknikni, T miklaks; same as Téaztkni, q. v.

télya, td’ a tii’lya, d. tetélza to wound with an arrow; to shoot, pierce:
ngi’-ish a ni ti/lyapksh the arrow by which I was shot, 138, 1. and Note.
Cf. talka, télak, téwa, téwi.

teldéli, tilo’li, d. tet’lo’li, tetla’li to look down on, to embrace with one sweep
of the eye, 29, 10.; to overlook, said of scouts, 29, 12.: nfi kam teli‘ht J
would fain look down (upon it), 192; 4... Der. télha.

telshampka, d. tetalshAmpka (1) to turn the eyes toward, to look at, see or
observe something distant; to fix one’s looks or attention upon, 113,14 (2)
t. or k’lékshashtala t. to turn the sight toward the dead; to be on the verge of
death, 158; 54; explained under k’l¢éka (3), q. v. (3) to turn the eyes
around, to look about or around. Der. télshna.

télshapka, d. tetdlshapka to see, perceive, observe; said of objects at a

télha—tétalya. oOM

certain distance: Moatudshash ni t. wika liwapksh I perceived at a short
distance Pit River Indians crowded together, but was not seen by them,
22,14. Cf. télhi, télshna.

télshna, d. tetalshna (L) to have the power of vision: nitoks ka-i t. I have
lost my eyesight. (2) to sight, to behold, to have a look at: plat, yana t. to
look upward, downward, 174; 18. Cf. télish.

teltélhi, Kl. te’hlt@hli; d. tetaltcélhi, KI. tetwhlt@hli flat, depressed, low ;
deep: t. kiiila deep valley.

teluaktya, d. tetaluaktya to run or ride after an object seen, 31, 11.

téluitka, d. tetaluitka to return from a visit or ride: yamat tdéluitgank
after having returned from a northern trip, 184; 31.

téliks, tlt’ks, d. tiit?uks small rush or reed basket of any shape, 75, 9.

télizgaga, d. titl’zaga small rush or reed-basket. Dim. téliks, q. v.

temadsha, d. tetémadsha, to wash, as clothing: ni gé-u tetématcha shu-
létish I wash my own clothing ; wennikisham i tchtlish tetma’tcha you wash
other people's shirts. Only used in the d. form. Der. tédsha. Cf stétmash.

temdla, d. tetmdla to produce ground-fog, to be clad in or covered with mist:
mbtshant kiifla tiiméla early in the morn the earth was clad in mist; tiimdla
being a variant of hiimo’la in 192; 3. According to the belief of the
natives this portends that the earth is angry at the people Cf. Ita.

temdlo, tmdlo, tomdlo, d. tétmlo wild plum: temololi’mi in the wild
plum season, a period of the year corresponding to end of August and
commencement of September. Cf. tmukdlatko

tenuyd-ash, 190; 21.; other form of te-iniwa-ash, q. v.

tenuydga, 190; 13.; dim. of tenuyd-ash, q. V.

tépa, tii’pa, tii’ba, d. tetépa, species of bony fish, popularly called sun-
fish; not unlike the minnow, smaller than the viinai, q. v.

téshashko, d. tét’shashko torn cloth, piece of cloth, rag: t. amtchiksh old
rag. Of. i-eshkétkish.

teshashkudla, d. tet’shashkudla (1) ¢o tear cloth into shreds or pieces.
(2) to make a blanket from small rags or patches. Cf. skt'tchala.

tétadshish, pl. tami t., launderer, laundress: t. snawédshash washer-
woman, laundress. Der. tédsha. Mod. for tetémadshish K1.

tetakéwa, tetkéwa, d. of tkéwa, q. v.

tétalya, d. of talka, gq. v. Cf. téwa.

398 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tetadlzea, d. of talzea, q. v.

tetémadsha, tetma’‘tcha, d. of temaddsha, q. v.

tetémadshish, pl. tami t. (1) washerman or washerwoman. Cf. téta-
dshish. (2) Tetémddshish, Tétématsis, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake
woman, also called Aunt Susie, Vuyd-ak. She is mentioned in Kakash’s
trial as one of the female “doctors” in the Klamath Lake tribe, 64, 1-10.
65, 2-13. 16. 66, 1. and Note to 64, 1. (p. 67). Der. temadsha.

tet’mashkish, pl. timi t. (1) thief, robber, filcher. (2) vagrant, tramp.
Der. tméshka. Cf. papalish.

tetchétkish, d. tetatchdtkish wash-tub, laundry-tub. Der. tédsha.

te-ukté-ukash, te-ukté-uks, d. tetodkté-ukash, a species of hawk, long-
tailed; perhaps the marsh-hawk: Circus hudsonius. Onomatop.

té-unep, tii’-uniip, ti-unep, d. tétunep, tiittniip ten: te-unepanta na’sh
likla, tia-unepanta 1a’p pé-ula eleven, twelve: nda’ni tatimap Yamakni thirty
Warm Spring scouts, 43, 5., cf 42, 20. 43, 10 18. 20. 44, 1.; ttmepni t.
Jifty; \apkshaptainkni t. seventy; té-unepa shéktatzatko a tenth part; té-
unepash pakalaksh tenfold. Cf. tousand.

té-unepni, ta-tmepni, d. tétunepni ten times: t. té-unep one hundred ;
t. sha géna ten men went there; lit. “they went ten together”, 93, 5.

té-unodlsh; same as tiund’lsh, q. v.

te-utéwa, pl. tumi t., to break down, to fall to pieces, to be crushed, as by
trampling upon, 121, 17.

téwa, tii'wa, d. tétua to fix, drive, run, plant in the ground; to set up,
fasten: walas t. to plant a pole or scalp-pole; kitlatat anku t. to drive a post
or stick into the ground; t. dnku they plant sticks (as limits), 80, 8.; améta
téwank when planting the camass-stick into the soil, 190; 9. ‘To plant two
posts into the soil for building, stalya; many posts, tétalza, d. of talka.

téwash, d. tétuash scoop-net, dip-net with a handle, 149,22. The dipping
portion, which holds the meshes, is formed by two sticks forking out from
the handle, and herein the t. differs from the round-shaped lutéash.
When the meshes are narrow and small, the t. is a lé-iks; when wider, a
witchdélash. See hikst/Isha, tamddsha.

téwi, d. tétui (1) to shoot an arrow, arrows: na’s t., kAbhia n’s one sent an

arrow, but missed me, 23, 17.; tém hai m’sh t.? did he really shoot at you?

tetalyea—tgawala. 399

109, 17. Cf. 110, 9.13. (2) to shoot with fire-arms, to give fire, to fire off;
generally used without obj. case, 30, 4.: ldloksgish t. to fire a gun, 38,
11.21. Der. téwa. Cf. hushtiwa, nté-ish, shétui, shlin, tawi. 5

téwish, d. tétuish loud report, as of gun, cannon; explosion.

tg@-; terms not found under these initials to be looked for under tk-, tz-.

tgakaya, d. tgatgakaya (1) to stand or remain on something. CE. tgi-
kéla. (2) to stand, stay, remain in the woods, marshes, wilderness, cliffs:
lilhanks t. gatchéshtat the deer is standing in the bushes. Speaking of more
than one subject, liukaya, q. v. Der. gakaya.

tgakidmna, d. tgatgakidmna to stand near by; to be standing m a file,
crowd, ring with others. Speaking of more than one subject, liukiamna,
lualéya and their d. forms. Der. gakiadmna.

tgaliga, tkallika, d. tgatgliga, tkatklika to stand, remain or exist on the
shore, near the water: kt-il kéketat t. a mountain sheep stands on the river
shore; sho’ks walidshtat t. a heron stands on a cliff at the shore. Speak-
ing of more than one subject, liluliga, d. of liuliga. Cf. Aish-Tkali‘ks. _

teapdta, tkapata, d. tgatkpdta to stand against an object while touching
it: papzashtat t. to stand against a wooden wall. Der. kapata

tgaptcha, d. tgatgdptcha (1) to go and stand close to. (2) to hide, conceal
oneself while standing behind. uot. under shnawédshka. Der. kaptcha.

tgashashzish, d. tgatg’shashyish woman’s shirt, shift.

tgatita, tgutita, d. tgatgatita; same as tgatitana, q.v. Speaking of more
than one subject, lilutita or lualutita, d. of liutita, q. v. Cf. gati’tana.

tgatitana, tgatidna, d.tgatgatitna to stand outdoors ; to stand outside of, as
of a building, lodge, 114, 1. Speaking of more than one subject, lilutitna

tgda-uléyza, tga-ulza, d. tgatgt’lya (1) to arise, to rise or get up, as from
a sitting attitude or from the ground. (2) to assume a standing position ;
said of the moon: t. at ukatikosh the moon is completing the first (or last)
quarter, Mod. Der. ga-tlya. Cf. tgélya (1).

tgdwala, tgd-ula, d. tgatetla (1) to stand on the top of; to stand upon; to be
erect upon: tchaki t. himpokshtat the boy stands on a log; tgd-ulank (laitch-
ashtat) standing on the top of the lodge, 113, 22. (2) to be standing, to stand
on one’s feet: tkawalsh one who is standing erect —Speaking of more than

one subject, liwala. Der. gawal.

400 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tgeliwa, d. tgetgaliwa, tgetgeliwa to sland on the top or rim; to stand
above, on Iagh, 154; 9

tedélya, tzi’/lya, d. tgetgdlya, tziitzalza (1) to rise up, stand up; to start
up from a sitting position: tziilza (ni) I rose upon my feet, 30, 14. 105,
12.; tgélyan 4mbutat vii'shu pani I stood in the water up to the chest. KA.
for tgo-tlya Mod. (2) to stop, to stop short after a run: tgély! (for teély’
i!) stop right here! 126, 10. (8) to be exhausted, to give out after exertion.
Speaking of more than one subject, lueludlya K1 20, 16., lualo‘lya Mod.,
d. of ludlya. Cf. ptita. (4) to stand up, to be in a standing attitude; said
of the moon when half or in the shape of a crescent: tzii’/lya shappash
the moon is in the first or last quarter. Cf. tga-uléza (2).

tgélymanka, d. tgetgdlymanka to be crescent-shaped; lit “to assume a
standing attitude”: ukatikosh teélymangatko the moon is crescent-shaped,
in the first or last quarter. Der. tgélza (4), q. v.

tgepalia ga, d. tgitgpalicéga to blaze up, to start up vertically; said of
fire: liloks t. the fire gets started, blazes up. Cf. ltutka, nilfwa.

tgéwa, d tgctgua to stand in the water: tgéwan dambutat vi’shu pani J
stood in the water up to the chest. Speaking of more than one subject, liwa
(1). Der. géwa. Cf. hiwa, Ka/Ish-Tgé-ush. ;

tgikéla, tgikla, d tgitgdkla to stand upon something: ke’nta kiilatat t
to stand on this earth, 192; 9. Cf. tgakdya.

tgizuga, d tgitgdyuga to stand indoors, inside of a lodge or building.
Speaking of more than one subject, lfuguga, lf'una No. 2, with their d.
forms: liuliuguga, inverted luiluazuga; liluna.

tgillak dried fish reduced to powder and bought, in sacks weighing about
70 pounds, of the Sahaptins of Columbia River, especially of the Warm
Spring Indians of Des Chutes River, from whose language the word is
said to be borrowed. Cf. kémalsh.

tgitsya, d. tgitgatsza (L) to stand close by, 110, 15. (2) to stand between;
to be or remain standing betwiat, among.

tgiwa, d. tgitgiwa it is damp, close, sultry weather. Cf. pafsha, shtipa.

tgo-ulya, d. tgotgt’lza, Mod. for tgd-uléza (L) and for tgélya (1) KL,
q. v.: tgo-tlyan rising upon his feet, 42, 7.

tguluteh, d. tgi’tglutch small beetle with a green or purplish shell, living
in the ground or seeking the shelter of bushes. Cf. tgutila.

tgeliwa—tidsh. 401

Tetlutcham Kshittélsh “Beetle’s Rest”, nom. pr. of the small brook
on which the buildings of the Klamath agency are erected. It rises in 4
deep spring of clear water, is one-eighth of a mile in length, drives a saw-
mill and a grist-mill and joins Crooked River. See tgtlutch, kshutila.

tguta, tgt’ta, d. tgutgdta to stand for a time, to be standing there for a while
or for the time being: hi’k t. watch tchiktchigat this horse is harnessed to
the wagon; lit. ‘‘stands at the wagon for a time”. Speaking of more
than one subject, lévuluta, l’uldta, q. v.

tgutga, tki’tka, d. tgitgdtka, generic term for fo stand: tgt’tgank hitkok
standing there, 110, 15.; watch hatokt tkt’tkapksh shliank finding a horse
standing there, 66, 13.; ninakudlyan tkétka to stand with both arms extended
to right and left. Refers to one subject only; speaking of two, three or
four subjects the d. forms of léviatka (syncop. liatka) are used: lévilu-
atka, contr. lé-tluatka, ?til’uatka, liluatka; cf. léviatka. Speaking of
many subjects, likantatka, d. lulikantatka.

tgutila, d. tgutgatila to stand underneath, below. Speaking of more than
one subject, lévutila, often syncop. into lutila, lutila, q. v.; la’pi a watch
lévutila mahieshtat two horses are hitched under the shed (or in the shadow).

tgutita, d. tgutgatita; same as tgatita, tgatitana, q. v.

tia, a kind of flat or concave wickerwork paddle larger than the shaplash,
q. v.; used by the women in gathering seeds, 96, 21.: tiatka with a paddle,
147, 15.; ti’atat ikélank placing on a paddle, 118, 10. Cf. pa’hla.

tiiiima, d. tetiii’ma (1) v. intr. and impers, to feel hungry: t. nt, i Tam, you
are hungry, Mod.; mtit. mish you are very hungry; you are famished; shké
tii’muk a hi’ntsna I the shké-hawk fly around hungry, 177; 21.; tii’muk by
hunger, 95, \3.; tii/mansh, tiii/ma ansh (for tii’ma a nt’sh), I feel hungry;
ni’sh tia’matk ka-a I am very hungry, 188, 5.; ef. 136, 8. (2) v. trans.,
to long for, desire, crave: tiiimantk shui’sh (nti) I am desirous of singing
or of hearing songs, 90, 12.

tiii’mish, d. tetiii/mish (1) hunger, strong appetite; starvation, famine. In-
cantation: 169; 48. (2) strong desire, craving.

tidsh, tids, titch, d. titadsh, titads, titatch, the adverb of tidshi: (1) 2ell,
in a satisfactory manner, in a physical or concrete sense: nicely, thoroughly,

strongly, elaborately, beautifully, perfectly, agreeably ete.; t. shita to set
26

402 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

aright ov to treat well; t. tiména to hear clearly; t. i shnéka! take good hold
of! mbusant t. népakuapk to-morrow the weather will be fine; t. tchia to
live comfortably, 34, 13.; t. tinga he has good luck, 134, 5. 16. 18.; tids
masitk of agreeable taste, 146, 14.; t. gi to feel comfortable, to feel well, to
be at ease, 136, 6; t. shutédshna to put in order while on the way, 85, 2.
Cf. 22, 14. 90, 10. 14. (2) well, in a satisfactory way, morally and
abstractly speaking: uprightly, generously, nobly, adequately, rejoicingly; t.
kékpatko generous, Mod.; t. shlepapka to take good care of; t. gi to do one’s
duty, 59, 19-21.; t. a steinash eftko good-hearted or rejoicing ut; t. nad
tchitchia we live contented; hemkdnka t. he spoke well-meaning words, 34,
12.; t. ha’shkanka to be well-intentioned, 93, 8. Cf. talaak (3), and 36, 11.

tidsha, tidsha, d. tit’tcha to flow, run off, to escape; said of liquids.

tidshéwa, titchéwa, d. titédshéwa, tit’tchéwa to rejoice at, to like, to be
glad, to be pleased with: ké-i a mi’sh t. he does not like you; 6-it nti tidsii’wa
I like to give, 136, 1.; tidshéwan mi’sh nfi fin vii/lktak J shall lend it to
you with pleasure; tidshéwan tildtpa to receive in a friendly manner, 38, 15.
Mod.; tidsii’wank tchfa being glad to remain alive, 64, 14. Cf. 136, 2. and
ko-ishéwa, kuyéwa.

tidshi, tidsi, titchi, d. titadshi, titatchi, titadsi (1) good, in a physical or
concrete sense; nice, fine, delightful, beautiful, handsome, agreeable ; sweet to
the taste; useful, easy: t. tchawalkish ginhiéna furniture of house or rooms ;
lit. “‘good chairs inside”; t. watch enduring horses; fleet horses, 20, 14.;
ka-a t. snawédshash a rather pretty female, 183; 14.; t. né’l delicate fur,
144, 10.; t. tadsh pa’sh but it is a wholesome food, 147, 12.; ti’dsa, ti’tatsa
wéwanuish pretty, handsome women, 107, 7. 10. 11.; tidshantala kiifla into
a good country, 39, 2. Cf. taks (3). (2) good in the moral, ‘abstract
sense: well-meaning, peaceful; upright, generous, just, noble; smart, intel-
lectual; contented, satisfied; t. hissuaks a good man, 64, 9. 101, 9.; t. lakt,
or tidsh hemkankatko laki peace-chief; t. watchag the dog is smart; ka-i t.
not well-meaning, not to be trusted, 93, 8. Cf. stefnash (3).

tidshkianki, d. titadshkianki careful, provident; lit. “acting well for
oneself”. Der. tidsh, -gfanggin.

tidszatko; see titadsyatko.

tika, tigga, d. titika, titiega to be sore, to cause pain; said of ulcers, boils,
open wounds. Mod.; unknown to Kl. > Cf. tékteka.

tidsha

Tilhudntko. 403

tikiga, tiggdga, d. titgdga male of the mountain quail. Mod.; unknown
to Kl. Onomatop. Cf. takaga.

tikésh, d titkésh clay, loam, argillaceous soil, Mod. Cf. lévtatka.

tikiwatko, d. titkiwatko bent, crooked, wry-shaped. Cf. Note to 91, 4.

tikogsh, d. titkoksh woman’s private parts. Cf. stémsh.

tila, tild, d. titéla (1) v. intr., fo roll, to roll on; tobe borne ; to spread about.
(2) v. intr. and trans., to flood, to pass the limits; to overflow, submerge:
Ambu tilyan tila the water dripped down and overflooded.

Tilak, nom. pr. masc. Mod.; interpreted by “Small”, “Stunted”.

tilalina, d titélalina to roll off and down; to spread, extend in a downward
direction. Der. tila.

tilaludnsha, d. tit’laludnsha, v. intr., fo roll around, 154; 12.

tilankanka, d. titélankAnka to roll forth and back, to keep on rolling to
and fro, 105, 16.

tilankAnsha, d. titélankdénsha (1) v. trans,, to roll away. (2) v. intr.,
to wheel or swing around, to swing to and fro: hlivash t. the root-basket
moves to and fro, 190; 19. Cf. stilankdnsha, tilankanka.

tilankédsha, d. titélankédsha, v. trans. (1) to wheel or roll away; to
wheel around. (2) to turn over, to upset: kiiila t. to upset the earth, world,
the whole creation, 192; 8.

tilankidshatko, d. titélankidshétko wheel. Partic. of tilankédsha.

tilankuéla, v. trans., to roll downhill; when unattended by injuries or
breakage. Cf. vud’hitakudla.

tilansza, d. titlansza to make a slight cut or scar; to pass over body or
limb while making a slight incision. Der. tila.

tilanshnéa, d. titlanshnéa to contort, wrench, turn about ; referring to
the limbs of the body. Cf. n@’sh-tilansnéash.

tilantana, d. tftlantana, v. intr., fo roll against; to roll around or along;
said, e.g. of animals. Der. tila. Cf. hlifmtana.

tilhipéli, tflipéli, d titalhipéli, titalipéli; see hulipéli.

tilhua, tilua, d. titdlhua, titalua (1) v. intr., fo spread, to flood, to run over ;
said of liquids. (2) v. trans., to flood, overflow, submerge ; partic. tilhuantko
submerged. Der. tila. Cf. kitlua, tchiéga.

Tilhudntko (1), nom. pr. of Natural Bridge, a huge rock arch annually

404 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

submerged by the spring floods of Lost River; described under Shlan-
kosh, gq. v. (2) nom. pr. of several other localities periodically overflowed.

tilihash, a light wood or portion of a plant serving to attract fish, 150,
5. It is cut to the length of about three feet, then fastened on the fish-
ing canoes almost in the shape of forks.

tilindsha, ti’llintsa, tflinsha, d. titalindsha, titalinsha; see hushlindsha:
tilli’‘ndsa wéwanuish they deserted their women, 19, 6.

tilya, d. titalya (1) v. intr., fo fall in drops, to drip down; said of liquids:
at Ampu t. the water is dripping ; latchashtat t. to drip down from the house-
top; tilyan tchiéga Ampu the water dripped down and overflowed. (2) v.
intr., to decline towards the horizon; said of celestial bodies: at yana t.
shappash the sun began to descend, 30,10. Cf. lévuta. (3) v. trans., to make
drip, fall in drops ; to force liquids into; with double obj. case in: tehéwash
tchékéli tilktgi in order to make the antelope bloodshot, 126, 7. Der. tila.

Tilyo-it ‘“Drip-Water”, nom. pr. of a mountain peak on Upper Klamath
Lake, south of the agency. Cf. ntiklaksh.

tilo’dsha, telo’dsha, d. titélédsha to see moving, going or coming; said of
distant anim. and inan. objects: tilo’dshipk nat Satas we saw the Snake
Indians coming from a distance toward us, 29, 14. Der. télha. Cf. télshna.

tildtakna, d. titélétakna (1) to see somebody putting food in his mouth.
(2) to cause to fall sick, to render sick: for if a shko‘ks, q. v., sees anybody
putting food in his mouth, he may enter the mouth and the eater may
fall sick, 179; 8. Cf. shataknila, shatatka, télha.

tild’tkala, dilo’tkal, d. titlo’tkala (1) to start after a stoppage; to be on
one’s way again after a short stop; to depart unexpectedly: nti am’sh dilo’t-
kala (or tild’tkalsha) shli’/papka I saw that you started off suddenly. «(2) to
labor under hallucinations, delusions of mind.

tild’tpa, d. titélo’tpa (1) to see somebody coming, arriving. (2) to receive
a newcomer or visitor: maklaksh nal tidshéwan t. the Indians received us
with kindness, 38, 15. Cf. stinta.

tilutakniula, d. titélutaknula to see somebody spitting out, or removing
something from the mouth, 157; 45. Der. tilétakna. Cf. shataknila,
shlewitaknila

timpakléza, d. titampakléza; see hupakléga.

t{lihash—tiniyzi. 405

timpélansha, d. titampélansha; see hi’pélansha.

tina, tind, d. titna, abbr. tita; d. of titna: titatna, adv., a single time, one
time, once, 25, 1. 78, 6.: t. wafta, t. illéla to complete, finish one year ; t.
illélash tank one year since; lit. ‘a year being once ended since then” ;
t. stindé kiulan more than one week afterward, 44, 3.; cf. lama (3); at a
certain time: tapi’ ti'ta sometime afterward, 66, 12.; tinatoks some other
time; tind..... tinatoks one time..... but the second time, 16, 1. 2.; titna
at a time, 17, 17. 78, 8.; titnd some other time, 15, 14.; titatna, titatna a
Sew times, not often, sometimes, at times, 18, 2. 1y, 1. 61, 8. 11. 16-21. 146,
5. 148, 11.; titatnatoks but at other times, 61,11 87, 16. Der. té-in.

tind-ak, tina‘k, d. titnd-ak, titnak; d. of titnd-ak: titatna-ak (1) at one
time, at once, simultaneously ; lit. “once only”: t. shniwatchna to swallow at
once, in one draught or gulp. (2) once only, 144, 7.: titatnak heméz’i!
tell me only one thing or word at atime! Der. tina, ak.

tinega, tinniga (~~ _), d. titanega to go down, to set; said of celestial
bodies: t. shppash the sun sets ; itis sundown; nat at gémpéle mak’laktsuk,
at ti’nniiga when we returned to encamp, the sun went down, 30, 20. Quot.
under skti’lya. Not to be confounded with tiniéga to rise.

tinéga, tinniiga (~+~) to snort; to inhale breath with noise, to inspire
forcibly: watch t. the horse is snorting loudly.

tiné zish (1) sunrise. (2) the point of horizon where the sun rises; east,
orient: tinézishyéni on the east side, 39,17. Synizesis of tini¢ézish. Der.
tiniéga. Cf. ki’sh, lupit.

tiniéga, d. titaniii’ga, v intr. (1) to rise on one’s feet; to rise, jump up: at
tineti‘ga makloks i-amnan Idéloksgish then the Indians rose upon their feet,
seizing their guns, 34, 10. Speaking of one only: huyéga No. 2. (2) to
rise, to ascend above the horizon; said of celestial bodies: shépash a t. the sun
has just risen; shappésh a tinie’kska (for tiniégishtka) it is forenoon ; lit.
“the sun is on the point of ascending”. Cf. tintzi.

tinié’kska, d. titanié’kska; verbal desid. of tini¢éga, q. v.

tinizansha, d. titanfyansha; see hufyansha.

tinizi, tine’ze, d. titanfzi (1) to go uphill, to ascend: tsi at nana t. and
some of them went uphill, 23, 12. ef. 13. Speaking of one subject, hiyeka.
(2) to rise; said of celestial bodies.

406 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tinkanka, d. titankanka; see htinkanka.

tinkansha, tinzansha, d. titankansha, titanyansha; see hikansha.

tinkopka, d. titankopka to te, bind, fasten together, as by strings, wisps
ete. Cf. skiitawia, szt’tka, wépla.

tinkuéla, d. titankucla to sink down, disappear ; said of the setting sun or
moon. Of. tiniiga, tindla, tinoldla.

tinya, d. titdnya, v. intr,, to have luck, to succeed: tidsh t. good luck favors
him, 134, 5. 16. 18.; partic. tinzantko lucky; favored by luck in gambling
etc.: htitoks t. gi he is a lucky fellow indeed. Cf. i-Atklish.

tinzdya, d. titanydya; see hukaya.

tinyaytla, d. titanzaytila; see hukayula.

tinzyampéli, d. titanyampéle; see hikampéli.

tindédla Mod., tindle, tino’li Kl. and Mod., d. titandla, titandli to pass
under the horizon; to go down, to set: shdpash a t. the sun is setting; tino'lt
(without shApash) the sun went down, 34, 16. Contr. from tintala

tinoléna, d. titanoléna to be on the way of setting, to approach setting time:
shapash a tinolénapka the sun is near setting.

tinolidéla, tinualitla, d. titanolidla, v. impers.; same as tinoldla, q. v.
Kl. Der. tino‘li.

tindlish (1) sunset. (2) the point of compass where the sun is setting:
west, occident: tindlishzéni on the west side, 09,17. Cf. tzdlam.

tinoldéla, d. titanuldla, v. impers., it is late, it is sunset time; lit. “the sun
(supply shdpash) has ended its descent”. Der. tindla. Cf. ga-uldla.

tinolélesh, tinulilash time about sundown, 37, 21.

tinsha, d. titansha; see htidsha No. 1, and tinshna.

tinshampka, d. titanshampka; see hidshampka and hidshna.

tinshipka, d. titanshipka to come toward the one speaking, to go up toward.
When referring to celestial bodies, t. describes their motion from the rise
to the culmination point: shdpash a t. the sun rises upon the sky; itis fore-
noon; pshi-kékenish tintchipka the morning star has appeared. Cf. tinshna.

tinshna, d. titanshna (1) to run away, to hurry off; to take to one’s heels
within sight of the real or supposed speaker: tchii sha t. hatoktala then
they hurry toward that spot, 80, 10.; ti‘nsna Sa’‘t the Snake Indians fled,
28, 9.; ef. 19, 3.16. Speaking of one subject only, hiidshna, q. v. (2)
to pass by, elapse: pélak shapash t. the clock or time moves rapidly.

tinkanka—titchitchkish. 407

tintampka, d. titantampka; see hittampka.

tintan, pl. ttimi t., church-bell. From Chin. J. tintin bell. Onomatop.

tintkala, tintkal, d. titantkala, titantkal, 16, 5.; see hutkala.

tintzapsha, d. titéntyapsha; see hutzapsha.

tintpa, d. titantpa; see hiitpa.

tinua, d. titdnua (1) to run, skip, jump, go into the water; speaking of one
subject only, htiwa, q. v. Cf. tgéwa. (2) to fall into the water; to be
drowned: t. wéshtat to fall through the ice. Cf. ktélya (4), ndéwa.

tinuash, d. titanuash (1) act of going into the water. (2) place for water-
ing; drowning place. Cf. péwash, Vushi/nkam Tinuash.

tiptipli, d. titaptipli (1) dark- or dusky-colored, brownish-black: t. paishash
dark, heavy cloud ; storm-cloud. Cf. hipka. (2) dim, obscured, murky; said
of the sky, weather ete. Cf. shtipa.

tishiflatko, d. tidshflatko bent, crooked, not straight. Kl. for tishiwatko
Mod. Cf. shtchishalkatko, tikiwatko, tishka (2).

tishiwatko, d tit’shfwatko, 91, 4. Mod. for tishilatko K1., q. v.

tishka, tisya, d. titashka (1) to drop, fall down; said, e. g., of rain: ka-i
dmpu hi tiska no rain-water falls. Cf. kto’dsha, tidsha. (2) to become
bent by age; partic. tiszatko, tiszantko (a) bent, crooked through old age.
(b) Tishkatko “Crooked”, nom. pr. fem. KI. Cf. lalamnatko, sktya.

tishyalkuleatko, d. titashzalkuleétko (1) showing or imitating the
motion of a crawling snake. (2) crumpled; corrugated; plicated, ruffled.

tita, d. titita, v. intr., to explode, burst, to become rent.. Ct. mbawa.

tita,, 66, 12.; di of tina, qv.

titadsyatko provided with head- and foot-board, said of a grave: appears
in the d. form and not in the absolute, tidsyatko, because all graves are
provided with both boards at the Klamath Lake cemetery, 88,1. Cf. pila.

titak, pl. timi t. (1) swallow. (2) Titak, nom. pr. mase. K1, interpreted
by “Short Man”.

titdkia, pl. tamit swallow. Mod. for titak K1.

titatna, d. of titna; see tina. 7

tit’shan, tit’sha, d. of t’shi’n, q. v.

titsga-ak, t{tska-amtch, d. and pl. of t’shika-aga, t’shfka-amtch, q. v.

titchitehkish, d. titchtehi’tchkish cow. Mod. for ktchi’shlkish K1., q. v.

408 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tiuldla to drip down: dmpu a t. latchashtat water drips from the roof.

tiundéli, té-undli, d. titundli to flow from above; to rise in the mountains.

tiunod’lsh, té-undlish (1) rivulet or brook running down from a hill or
mountain side. (2) Tiund‘Ish, nom. pr. of a locality in Modoc County,
California, distant one day’s Indian travel from the Pit River to the north,
20, 9.; Titnd‘Ish for Tiund’‘leshtat, 19, 12. 21, 9. (8) Té-undlsh, nom.
pr. of a spring rising on a hill near the valley road, at Yaneks.

tiwi, d titui to roar, to rush down with noise; to fall, shoot down with roaring,
thundering noise; said of cascades, rapids ete. Cf. liuna No, 2.

tiwish, d. tituish rush and roar of falling waters, 94,5. Cf. pala.

Tiwishzé’ni (1) nom. pr. of the Cascade formed by the Link River,
a little north of Linkville and near the mouth of Upper Klamath Lake.
The Link River forms the connection between Upper and Lower
Klamath Lakes, and is only a few miles long. (2) nom. pr. of the
town of Linkville, Lake County, Oregon. Cf. [-uauna, yulaldéna.

tk-; terms not found under these initials to be looked for under tg-, tz-.

tkilamna, tydlamna, d tkatkélamna (1) to stand among or around, to be
near, about, around, between. (2) to stand on an eminence, hill or mountain,
30, 2.; to stand above others or above the one speaking. Cf. Kii’lu-
Tydlamna (3) fo sit on a horse or mule.—Speaking of two or three sub-
jects, ludlamna; of many, luilamna. (4) tzdlamna, 31, 7.; see tzAlam (3).

tkaléga, tgaléga, d. tkatkléga to rise, stand up on one’s feet; lit. “to com-
mence getting up”: d’ksta t ndéwa that woman rises up and cries with a
loud voice, 192; 7. and Note. Cf. tgd-uléza (1), tgélya (1).

tkaAna, d. tkatkna to stuff: tkanatko tchikass a stuffed bird. Cf. shnatkuala.

-tkani, suffix of adjectives: a little, somewhat, not intensely; \i'k ptpash-
push-tkani the seeds are somewhat black, 146, 3. Cf. 180; 8.

tkap, (d. tkatkap, tkakap), pl. timi t. (1) species of grass reaching the
height of five feet; seeds not edible. Cf. km& (1), sha’l. (2) t. or more
frequently kap, d. kikap, generic Mod. term for any kind of tall rush,
reed or stalk belonging to the family of gramineous plants: mazze-stalk ;
tkapam or kdpam O'tish ear of maize. Cf. ma-i.

tké-ukua, tyatkoa, d. tyatyo’kua to knock; to rap with the hand or
knuckles. Cf. uké-ukua.

tiuléla—tydlamni. 409

tkéka to make a hole with a cutting instrument or with a stroke of the hand.
Der. kéka. Cf. ktékna, ktetéga, skéka, tudka.

tkéwa, d. tetakéwa, tetkéwa to break asunder, to break to pieces; said of
long-shaped objects. Original form: tekéwa or takéwa. Cf tékua

tkvilkish arrow-shaft straightener made of stone. Der. tkttya.

tkiya, tytiya, tyuyé, d. tkitkia, tyii’tzia (1) to make straight, to straighten ;
to extend or make straight by slightly rubbing or squeezing, 91, 4. (2) to
extend, spread for tanning ; to tan, dress; said of hides. Cf. talaka.

tkuyétkish, tyuyttkish (1) arrow-shaft straightener made of wood. (2)
fleshing-chisel of stone, to clean skins with. Cf. yéhish.

ty-; terms not found under these initials to be looked for under tg-, tk-.

tydlam, tatyélam, d. tzatzalam Mod., prep. and postp. (1) im the midst
of: t. é-ushtat awaldka the little isle is in the midst of the lake; pshin tat-
yelam at midnight, 11:', 17.; tatzélam shalyuctgish in the midst between the
two starting-places, 80, 8. Cf. shékutka, shepdtya. (2) between, among,
when on the same level: t. likslAkshtat i the midst of the ashes, 85, 10.
—For the definitions (1) and (2) t. is the Mod. form, but K1] uses tatzélam
for the absolute and for the d form (3) subst., tzAlam KI. and Mod., the
west: tyalamtala westwards, in a western direction, or the western lands, the
west; tdlaat tzalamti’tal (for -tala) due westward, 29, 10, cf. yamatital
under ydémat; tzdlamna to the west, is tyalam with the locat. suffix -na,
31, 7. and Note. Cf. Tydlamtala. (4) t. Mod., tatzélam K1., the middle
finger; abbr. from tzdlamni (3), gq. v. (5) t. Mod., tatzélam K1., name
given to the months counted on the middle finger; abbr. from tzalamni
(4), q. v. Der. tkalamna (1).

tydlama, tzdlma, d. tydtylama it is west wind; the wind blows from the
west; lit. “it is between (the north and the south)”.

tyalamash, abbr tzdlmash, d. tzAtylamash west wind, 179; 1.: t. kétsa
miuatita shléwish southwest wind. Cf. tyalama.

Tyalamegiplis, nom. pr. of a camping-place near Klamath Marsh; in-
terpreted by “back away from the west”. Der. tydlam, gi, -péli.

tyalamni, Kl. tatzélamni, d. tzatzAlamni, Mod., adj. (1) being, sitting or
standing amid, in the midst or middle: t. tit front tooth; t. lzawawitch, Mod.,
middle finger, cf. (3); tatzélamni’ tehkash heméze the one intermediate im

410 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

age also said, 112, 8.; see Note. (2) half: t. Béshtin, t. mak’laks a mixed-
blood ; person half white, half Indian. Cf. tyélampani. For the definitions
(1) and (2) K1. uses tatyéla4mni for the absolute and for the d. form. (3)
subst., the middle finger; abbr. into tatzélam K1., tydlam Mod. (4) the
months of the year which are counted on the middle finger; abbr. into
tatyélam K1., tzilam Mod. ‘They correspond, though not exactly, to our
March, 75, 20. and October, 75, 15. Der. tkAlamna.

tyilampani, Kl. tatzélampani, d. tzatyalampani (1) one half of, half
portion of; used with collective nouns. (2) halfways, in the middle, in the
midst of, 123, 1.: gaptchétka t. in the second half of the small-finger month,
36, 7.; t. mdklaks one half of the tribe; t. laktcha to cut through in the
middle; tatyélampani gt'tyitkt after he had climbed down but one half (of
the ladder), 112, 9 ; i'tze tatzélampani shdpash he took down one half of
the moons, 105, 12. KI. uses tatzélampani for the absolute as well as for
the d. form. From tzAlam (1), pani.

tyilampankani, KI. tétz@lampankani, d. tzatydlampankani Mod., adj.,
forming one half, making up one moiety: t. ta-uni one half of the town; part
of city; abbr. in tyilampanki madkloks, Mod., half the tribe, 36, 6.

tydilampanki, 36, 6.; abbr. form of tzalampankani, q. v.

Tzyalamtala, nom. pr., the State of Oregon; lit. “towards the west,
westward”, 33, 2. A term formerly in use among the Modoes instead of
Yamat and Yaématala, q. v. Der. tzdlam (8).

tyalamtalakni, contr. tzdlamtalkni, adj., also used as adv., who or what
comes from the west: t. shléwish west wind; incantation 16"; 49. Der.
tyilam (3), -tala, -kni. Cf. lupitalani, lupi’tkni.

tyilamtana, abbr. tzdlamta, d. tzatzdlamtana, prep. and postp. (1)
through the middle or midst of: t. gi’hliank passing through the midst of
(the circle), 87, 12 (2) to the west of, westward from: hi‘uhitsh tzdlamta
to the west of the marsh, 24, 10. Cf. tzAlmakstant.

tyilmakstant to the westward of: Ktai-Tupakshi t. on the west side of
Standing-Rock, 74, 2. From tydlam, -kshi, -tat.

tyantzana, pl. timi t., to be possessed of a deep or basso voice.

tza-ush, d. tzatzd-ush colt; filly. Cf. kshtizi, ndshfluaga, taéwalsh.

tyé-u, tzii’-u, tzetzé-u (1) first; first in rank or order of time; antecedent,

tyilampani—tméshka. 411

preceding, standing ahead of: (2) senior, eldest; said of the first-born child
of either sex in a family: t. hinkélam pé-ip his first daughter ; t. Lémé-ish
the oldest of the Thunders, 112, 2. Abbr. from tzé-uni. Cf. tapini.

tyé-unap, d. tzé-unishap, tyetzé-unap (1) eldest or elder brother ; said by
younger brother, 39, 7.; simply brother in 55,16. (2) elder male cousin ;
said by younger male cousin Der. tyé-u. Cf. shety¢é-unaltko, tapiap.

tyéwaga, tzii'wag, d. tyetyéwaga the elder or eldest of the little ones; said
of children and young animals. Of the latter two are supposed to belong
to one family of quadrupeds in fictitious stories concerning animals: wa-
sha-wéka tyii’wag the elder of the young prairie-wolves, 105, 9. 13. Cf.
119, 15. 120, 18. 121, 22. and some passages mentioned under 1api, q. v.
Dim. tyé-u. Cf. tapinkani.

tz épo, instr. tyopédwatka; (d. tzutzpo) pl. timi t. (1) thumb, 79, 4. 146, 1.;
tyopé-shitko looking like a thumb, 149, 12. (2) the largest of the toes. (3)
name of three Klamath months counted on the thumb; corresponding,
though not exactly, to our January, 75, 18.; June, 74, 6.; August, 75, 6.
Cf. kapkapo, léna (3), tkap.

tyutya, tyotzya, d. ty tyatva to presage death or overwhelming calamity, to
foretell a violent death; said of the dismal cries of some animals, heard
shortly after sunset, 88, 6. 133, 2-7. Cf. tuka.

tzya’tyash, d. tyi’tyatyash fatal prophecy or presage, 133, 1. 134, 1.

tyt’tyatkish, pl. timi t., one who presages death or great misfortune:
wash, kak t. the prairie-wolf, the raven is a presager of death, 133, 1. 184, 1.

tlézo, d. to’'tlzo, tétlzo brain, cerebrum. Mod. for tapsnék K1.

tlul, d. tlitlal grownd-cricket. Cf. tchigdtchkish.

tmélhak, species of squirrel, short-tailed, bluish or black; legs fastened
sideways on the body, a curious circumstance, which caused these organs
to be adopted as charms for gamblers, 134, 5. and Note.

tména, d. tétmna to go or get through, to come to an end; to terminate,
Jinish, wind up. Cf. taméni, tmuyéga.

tméshka, témé’shga, t’méska, d. tmetmashka and tet’ma’shga fo abstract,
remove from; to take away in an illicit manner; nanuk ktchinksh E-ukshikni
t. the Klamath Lake Indians abstracted all the rails, 35, 6.10. Mod. Speak-
ing of a plurality of anim or long-shaped objects, yiméshka,. Cf. Note
to 54, 12. and yimeshgipéle.

412 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tmékil, d. tét’mkil, ta’tmkil green lizard. Cf. tmukdlatko.

Tmékila, nom. pr. fem. Mod.; interpreted by “Squint-Kye”.

tmdélo, d. tét’mlo; see temdlo.

tm fi’, d. tmfi’tmti Oregon ruffed grouse: Bonasa vorsabinci. Kl. Cf. mh.

tmuyéga, tmoyéga, d. titmiyéga to start with, to begin, commence at one
end: lipi t. to commence. Cf. tména.

tmukdélatko, d. titmkdélatko wrinkled in the face. Cf. tmdkil.

to-; terms not found here to be looked for under ta-, tu-.

Toby Riddle, nom pr. of Frank Riddle’s Modoe wife, and interpreter
during the Modoe war of 187273. She is mentioned 33, 3. 34, 10-15.
38, 5. 8. 13. 39, 20-41, 7. 42, 13-16. Some facts concerning her pre-
vious life are contained in her biographic notice, pp. 54,55. The Modoc
man, who informed her of the intended assassination of the Peace Com-
missioners (40, 6-11. 41, 4—9.), was, according to a communication in
A. B. Meacham’s “Council Fire”, a monthly periodical (April, 1880,
pp. 62, 63), Samuel Clinton, or “Faithful William”, now living with
the other exiled Modocs on the Quapaw Reservation, Ind. Terr. Cf.
Tchmi’tch, and Introduct. to the Texts, p. 6.

Té-ilkat, nom. pr. of a locality near Klamath Marsh; lit. ‘rail-tripod,
stick-pyramid”, 74, 16. Der. ttilka.

tok, -tok; toks, -toksh, tiksh; see tak, taks.

t6ék, an aquatic food-plant, mentioned 149, 8. Cf. téke.

to’ke, d. td’tze fire-place, hearth. Cf. shné-ilaksh, shné-ipaksh.

tédke, téki, téze, d. ti’tze, ti’tzi (1) horn of quadrupeds, as of cattle,
buffalo, goat, wether; antler of deer, elk ete.; prong of antelope; fang,
feeler of insect, slug; muni tdéki large, strong horn Cf. lyawaltko, midsho,
naishlakgish. (2) tool made of horn; especially the elk-horn wedge, form-
erly used for splitting wood. (3) corn on feet.

tédksh, d. ti’taks, tétaksh (1) t., or t. yantant navel: gtitalga hik tékstala
it entered at or into the navel, 23,19. (2) fish-bladder, swimming-bladder
of a fish. Cf. lawdlash (4), smfi’‘links, shuidshash (3).

tédlyash, d. tutdlgash (1) a kind of grass not specified; used in the
manufacture of tissues. Cf. tilalui. (2) tuft of grass, grass-sod, clod.
Der. tilha. Cf. patchnam.

tmédkil—tpwt'lya. 413

topi, tépiap, topini ete.; see tapi, tapiap, tapini ete.

Toéplaméni, nom. pr. of a mountain near Modoe Point and Nilaks.

té6-ugshtant, td-ukanksh; see tigshtant, tikanksh.

tousand, totisin thousand, 35, 5. 15.; also expressed by té-unepni_té-
unepni té-unip. From the English.

todshit6’dshi, d. totédshité’dshi to rattle, as arrows in a quiver.

tpéwa, tpa’wa, d. tpetpéwa, tpiitpéwa, v. trans., usually connected with
the verbal intentional: (1) to tell, announce, 72, 4.; to entreat, invite: nad
mit’shmush ltela Béshtin tpii-dk na‘Ish we butchered an ox, an American
having invited us to do so (by offering us the animal), 21, 8. (2) to com-
mand, order, enjoin: ka&-i t. he did not give orders, 35, 12. 1%3.: shui’shuk t.
he orders songs (to be sung), 68, 6. 109, 6. 10. 113, 21.; pit taplalash
shnewi'tki giug (ndktish), he ordered the loon to destroy the dam, 132, 2.
Cf: hém’ta, hit’shga, stull.

tpéwash, d tpetpéwash (1) announcement, invitation, message. In 34, 8.
it refers to interpreted words. (2) order, command, 85, 8.

tpualiéga, d. tputptliéga to drive up to the top of a hill, mountain, passage
etc., as cattle: p’li’ntant is sometimes added. Cf. niwalka (1).

tpudsha, tputcha, d. tpuitptcha to expel forcibly, oust, drive out: Moéatuash
t. they repulsed the Pit River Indians, 54, 9. Cf. tpuli.

tpudshna, tpt’tchna, d. tputptchna; same as tpuidsha, q. v.: ka-i gé-isht,
tpudshantak! if they do not go, expel them by force! 37, 2.

tpugidsha, d. tputpgidsha to set out, to start for expelling, driving away.
Speaking of more than one object, shukidsha.

tpugidshapélitamna, d. tputpgidshapélitamna to continue driving
back, to repulse repeatedly, 55,12. From tpugidsha, -péli, -tamna.

tptyamna, d. tputpdyamna (1) v. refl., to chase each other around (2)
v. trans., to chase, run after; to drive around, chase about. Cf. tpulf.

tpuli, tpuli, d. tpitpli to drive, drive away; to make go, to force to retreat:
ktayat t. to drive into the rocks, 38, 18. Cf. kpulti, tupélui.

tpuligish, d. tputpli’gish corral, inclosure for cattle.

tpulina, d. tputplina to drive out or off, to expel, to oust: Modokishash
kiila t. to drive the Modocs out of the (or their) country, 36,19. Der. tpuli.

tpwlya, d. tputpulza to drive uphill, as cattle. Cf. kptilza, tpualiéga.

414 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tputpayamnish, pl. tumit., one who pursues, chases, runs after: wewan-
uishash t. one who runs after women. Der. tptiyamna.

t’shakatko, d. t’shat’shdkatko light of weight. Cf yutantko.

t’shi/ka, tehika, d. tehitchka (1) v. intr., to be old; to have attained old age.
(2) v. intr., to grow old, to become aged. (3) subst., old person ; person, man
bent by age, 68, 3.; tchikash sktyui he sent out an old man, 68, 2. 136, 5.;
old bachelor. (4) 'T*shikka, nom. pr. “Old Man”, 54, 2. Der. t’shi’n.

t’shika-aga, tchika-ag, tchikag, d. and pl. titsga-ak, techitchkak (1) old
man or woman; person bent by age. (2) old parent; old father, old mother,
158; 54.; lapi titsga-ak Lémé-ish the two old Thunders, parents of the five
Thunders, 111, 18. 22. 114, 12. Dim. t’shi‘ka (3). Cf. shukikash.

t’shika-amtch, tehikamtch, d. and pl. titska-amtch; same as t’shika-
aga, q. v. From t’shi‘ka, amtch. ,

t’shimankatko, d. t’shit’shmankatko young person of either sex.

t’shi’n, téshin, d. t’shi’t’shan, tit’shan, tit’sha to grow, to increase; said of
bodily growth of men and animals: ka-a ati nt t. J have grown quite tall;
eet hai t. he grew so tall; Péluk t. Ball grew up, 77, 1.; ti'dshok having
grown, ef. Note to 108, 10.; tit’sha wewéas the children grew up, 107, 12.;
mak t’shi’sht when he will grow taller, 109, 15. Cf. kédsha, ndshilo, tehiya.

t’shishap, d. t’shishishap father; the Mod. term for p’ti’shap K1., 39, 6.

154 223. 55, 9. 20. 21.: na‘lam t. our father, 40, 9. 10. 139, 9., stands for
God; mii‘ni t., uncommon for mini lakf, the President of the United States,
AW), 15.; limi‘lam t. ass, jackass; lit. “the mule’s father”, Mod.; t’shisham
smo’k the father’s beard. Der. t’shi’n.

tu, tu, ti’, td, d. tita, ti’t (1) adv. loc., there, out there, yonder ; far, far off;
generally refers to considerable distances, the objects being within sight
or out of sight: ta’ ati guni’ta much further than, 21, 11.; tt’ pen makléza
sha at a distance they passed another night, 19, 10., ef. 20, 5. 21, 2. 8. 11.;
titaks ati far away, quite a distance off, 141, 12., cf. 122, 16.; guhashktcha
tii he started to a distance, 110, 21.; ti shlin to shoot at long range, cf. 29,
20.; tit out there, 134, 16. Cf. 107, 5. 8. 108, 5. 109, 16. 111, 18. 112,
12. (2) up, above; refers to heights, mountains, hills, for what is high
above the level ground is far off also: tt’taks ga-dléka they climbed high
up, 29, 21., ef. 80, 7. 100, 3.; Aisis kékantsa tt’ Aishish climbed up (the

tputpaydmnish—tuekdétkish. 415

kapka-tree), 100, 7.; ttmi Sha’t ti’ yainatat tchia many Snake Indians live
in the mountains. (3) adv. temp., at that time, then; referring to a distant
past or future: at tii’ tstissak ever since, 99, 7: tu hi, tui at that time. Cf.
Atu, hu No. 2, ktti, muna, tihak, tush.

tud, encl. tua, -tua (1) pron. interr., which? what? what thing? 34, 1.: t.
tala? what money? which amount of money? 64, 13. 14.; t. ma, Mod., which?
what then? cf. mat; t. i shand-uli shiyutash? what will you barter this for?
t. ki ni kéga? what do I suck out? 155; 17. (2) adv. interr., why? where-
fore? tuatala? why then? 185; 39.; tudtala? why then? why after all? 174; 8.
Cf. 64, 9. (3) something, some object ; some kind or sort of : t. k6-idshi any
wicked thing, 139, 4. 6. 7.; wennini t. gatpa some kind of a stranger has
entered, 112, 1. 7., cf. 12. 16.; ga tudta shkainihaktch gatpa of whatsoever
kind the demoniac one may be, who has come in, 112, 2. (A) thing, olyect,
article: tiumi t. many things; laki ti’ma t. eftko a rich man; kéliak t. empty,
vacant; lit. “without anything”; t. mi shapiyash “the thing which is your
talk”, or what you want to tell, 40,11. KI. uses tué sometimes for persons
when speaking collectively: ké-i shash t. (for kaitua shash) none of them,
20, 7; ef. kaftua, ndénuktua and 17, 17. 28, 7. 173; 3.

tiiaka, tudgga, d. tudtuga to evaporate; to produce vapor, steam. Der.
wak- in wakwaka.

tudkish, wakish, wdkas, poss. tudksham, wiksam, species of crane (vul-
garly called shitepoke) of a greenish-gray color, spread of wings two feet;
t. simmutka kiii’m sttikua the tudkish-crane catches fish with its bill; wakas
ni tehekléla J, the crane, crouch on the water's edge, 170; 63. and Note.
Incantations: 154; 9. and Note, 156; 33. 84. and wékashak. Onomatop.

tudnkshi (1) adv. interr., at which spot or place? where? tuanksi m’sh
ma’sha? where do you feel pain? (2) adv. loc. somewhere; at some place ;
anywhere on body, 59, 11. From tua, -kshi.

tudshna, d. tuttidshna to carry on the head or back. Der. idshna. Cf.
sha-tla, shépolamna.

tudsho’sha, d. tutadso’sha to besmear the body of another. Cf. shutcho’sha.

tucéka, tuéza, d. tuctoza to perforate, pierce, make a hole with a boring
instrument; to bore through. Cf. kéka, tkéka.

tuekétkish, d. tuetuzo'tkish small boring-instrument, gimlet: mbushaksh-t.
boring tool made of obsidian or other stone.

416 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DIOTIONARY.

tuéktueka, d. tuetuéktueka to stare at, to fix the eyes upon; lit. “to bore
through with the eyes”. Der. tuéka. Cf. talpakpka.

tt’gshtanta, tikshtant (dizeretic. t6-ugshtant), tigshta, d. tutigshtanta,
tuto’gshta, prep. and postp., om the opposite side of; to the other side or
shore, opposite, across, beyond: ti’gshta Kéke on the other bank of Lost River,
37, 12.; té-ugshtant A’-ushtat, (or E-ush), to the opposite shore of Upper
Klamath Lake, 144, 6. Cf gunigshtant, ginitana, kiti, shuhankptchi.

tuhak, fi’ hak, adv., this side of; referring to a spot between the speaker
and some distant object, 99, 5. 100, 20.; behind something or somebody,
29, 19. and Note; cf. 119, 17. Lit. ‘not quite so far”. Cf. hak, kui.

tuhush, pl. tumi t., (1) coot, popularly called mud-hen; a bluish-black or

lead-colored fowl inhabiting in large numbers the lakes of Southern .

Oregon: Fulica americana: t. 6 willasli’na the mud-hen is sprawling, 185;
41. (2) Tuhush, nom. pr. of one of the five mythic wives of Aishish:
97, 1.99, 9. A mythic explanation of the origin of the black spot on
its forehead is given: 'T. talpatkéla Mud-Hen put out her head, 96, 23.

tui, for ti hi, at that time, just then, 99, 6.; at the same time.

tuidsh, d. titidsh nap, light slumber, short sleep.

tiidsha, d tutidsha to doze, to take a nap, to slumber. Cf. ktana, ttiza.

tuidshna, d. ti’t’shna, titshna to doze, slumber at intervals, 83, 2.

tuiksh, d. tutiksh (1) dream. (2) dream of a presaging, magic character,
often unfolding secrets: tutiks shuina to express in song what was seen while
dreaming, 65, 20. All dreams are regarded by these Indians as super-
natural revelations. Der. tuiza.

ttiza, tuika, d. tutiza, tuti‘ka, totika (1) to have a dream or dreams: tuti-
yash while constantly dreaming, 192; 6.; tutizdlatk having ceased to dream,
158; 54. (2) to have a magic, prophetic dream, 83, ?. 3. Mainly used in
the d. form. Cf. tuidsha, tufksh.

ttiiza to swell up, protrude: piklash tuizampgatko the white of the eye being
swollen, protruding, 71, 9. Cf. tuila.

ttiila, d. tutila (1) to converge at the top, to stand in a converging, pyramidal
or conical form. (2) to advance, project, stand out, as a triangle, cone or
bump: stikshui-shitk ha’k tuti’la stikélinsksaksi his foot was projecting at
the ball like a boot, 24, 18. and Note. Cf. tapka.

tuéktueka—ti’kni. 417

tuilash, d. tutilash pyramid of sticks, logs, or rails. Rails are put together
in this position to preserve them from rotting. Cf. sttilash.

tuilka, tuflaga, d. tutilka small rail-pyramid. Dim. tiilash. -Cf. T6-ilkat.

tuinéga, d. tuitunéga fo cave in; said of wells, diggings ete.

tuinizyatko, d. tuitunizatko hermaphrodite.

ttitia, tuiti, pl. timi t., young duck, 180; 12. Cf. tthush, tuituigidsha.

tuituigidsha, d. tutituigidsha to hop around, to perform a gay dance ;
said, e. g., of thé skunk, 155; 16. Cf. tuitia. He |

tuitchyash, d. tuitudtchyash choke-cherry; the ‘fruit of the tuitchysam-
tree, q. V. Der. yétsyaka, ndsakia.

tuftchzysam, d. tuitudtchzsham choke-cherry tree: Prunus demassa.

tuitechzashla, d. tuitudtchzashla to gather choke-cherries: tuitchzash-
lii’mi ‘‘in the choke-cherry time”; a period of the year corresponding to
the end of August and the commencement of September.

tiiya, d tutia to stand below the location of the one who speaks; said of
one inan. subject, 30, 12. Cf. Ko’s-Tué’ts, stiish, stttya, tuinéga, tupka.

tiyamna, d tutiyamna, tuti’amna to swim below the water's surface: kii’m
a tuttyamna the fish swims in all directions. Cf. kidsha, udtiimtchna.

tik, 87, 12. for tsk; see tak (1). This passage explains itself as follows:
away from the file or circle formed by the mourners, they step forward
to the deceased and bid the last farewell to him, then return to their
former place in the circle.

tuika, téka, d. ti’tka, titza to be startled, frightened; said, e. g., of persons,
wild horses: tchaki a t. the boy is scared. Cf. tzi'tza, tehamptki.

tikanksh, té-ukanksh, d. titukanksh quiver; receptacle or pocket for
arrows, worn on back; made of the skins of deer, prairie-wolf, ete. 89, 3.:
incantation, 163; 8. Cf. stilanksh, stilash, shute-étkish.

tukélya, d. tutakélya to halt, to rest on the way, as travelers do, 13], 7.

tuklaktchna, d. tutaklaktchna to make stops on the way; to stop at times
when traveling: ni‘shta sha géna tiklaktsnank they traveled all night, stop-
ping at intervals, 19, 14. Cf. tukélya.

ti’kni, d. tutkni, adj., he, that or those over there; the one or those placed,
located or stopping on one side, on the other side or in the distance, 80, 11.
100, 1%.: sa shlin ti’kni they shot him from the other side, 23,21. Der. tu.

9

=
ai

418 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tfi’ksh, 80, 5.; same as taks, q. v. Cf. tak.

tuktukuash, d. tutdktukuash jish-hawk, a bird of the osprey family:
Pandion carolinensis. Incantations, 162; 3. 169; 50. Onomatop

tukua, d. ttitkua (1) to go toward the water; to travel in the direction of a
lake, bay, river. (2) Tuikua, Tékua, nom. pr. of a camping and landing
place on Upper Klamath Lake, eastern shore, at the mouth of the Wil-
liamson River, 142; 5. Cf. géwa, hiwa, tinua.

tukudga, d. tutkudga little stream, rivulet, brook. Cf. tikua.

tukiaga, d. tutakiiga little horn, antler, fang, feeler ete. Dim. tdke, q. v.

tul-; words not found here to be looked for under ntul-, ntun-.

tula, tuld, tdla, prep. and postp., with, in company of, on the side of; along
with, together with; also; connected with the obj. case: mish t., hishudk-
shash t. with you, with a man; ké-i ndlash t. without us; nish t. gén! go
with me! hii p’na t’shisha t. tehia she lived with her father, 54, 3.; Shké-
laksh t. aided by Skélag, 66, 5.; mi’nkash tilak (for tila ak) only with the
mole, 104, 1. The use of t. as a preposition is rather exceptional: tul ish
in my company; t. hak (for hink) with him or her; Canby tila shushu-
tanki’shash géna Gen. Canby went with the Peace Commissioners, 38, 4. 5.
T. stands without any complement in: til4 shucnksh to kill at the same
time and spot, 55, 3.; shash them is suppressed in 34, 18. Cf. 19, 7. 37,
4.18: 90; 12.137, 25) CE tulha:

tulalui, tdélalui, d. tit’lalui a sort of tissue, cover or mantle made of swamp-
grasses. Cf. télyash.

tulaluptchi, d. tut’laliptchi light-green; lit. “colored like a tilalui-
mantle”. From ttlalui, -ptchi

tule, ttli, generic term for bulrush, reed, scirpus, swamp-grass. From the
Aztec tolin; cf. Molina, Aztee Dict.: guncia (Cyperus) 6 espadana (reed-
mace: Typha latifolia): atolin, itztolin, tolli, tulli, This term has not
passed into Chin. J., but is in daily use among the white population of
the Pacific Coast. The KI. generic terms for tile are kshi’n, ma-i.

tulha, téla, d. tutdlha, tutala to club together, to be in company; to form a
swarm, crowd, school or bevy; said, e. g., of birds, fish. Cf. télzash, tull.

tilhfpéli, tilhfbéle, d. tutlipéle to shove or join one part into another;

said, e. g., of arrows, no pitch being put over the joint. Cf. shtlhtpéli.

tWVksh—ttiménash. 419

tuli, tulhi, d. titli to insert; to join together.

Tulik, nom. pr. loc. Tule Lake. Abbr. from the English. Cf. Méatok.

tulina, d. tutélina, tutlina to leave behind; to abandon, relinquish, 38, 1.

tulish, d. tutlish, any article inserted, joined or serving for inserting pur-
poses: (1) handle: watiam t. knife handle; pakshtat t. stem of tobacco-pipe,
usually made of reeds. (2) notch in upper end of arrow to insert the arrow-
head. (3) wooden head, tip, point of arrow, when made of heavier wood
than the arrow itself. Cf. nté’ktish. (4) the stem or rod of a certain
shrub growing in the water; used in the manufacture of these arrow-
points. (5) spawning-place of fish. (6) Tulish, nom. pr. of a locality on
Upper Klamath Lake near the mouth of the Williamson River, abundant
in fish: T. kiifla the place Tulésh, 142, 2. Der. tuli.

t@lshna, nti/Ishna; same as nttltchna, q. v.

tim, ttm, adv. of ttimi: much, greatly, in profusion, largely; very: t. waltka
to talk much, to converse on many things or for a long time, 23, 3.; t. hem-
kAnkish one who talks much; t. shéshatko valuable, high in price; t
tchdtchui too much, cf. Note to 105, 7.; shtii’-ila t. they gather it in large
quantities, 147, 10.; kédsha t. it grows in abundance, !48, 11.; hushtsdza
t. they killed many; lit. “they killed to a great extent”, 16, 8. 88, 10., cf.
34, 5. 148, 8. T. often stands abbr. for timi or for tuma, obj. or obl.
case of ttimi; cf. 13, 14. 111, 22. and timi. Cf. ka-a.

Tuima-Kawe-Gitko, nom. pr. of several rivers, streams ete yielding
large quantities of eels or lamprey-eels (kawe): (1) Columbia Liver,
Oregon. Cf. Ampkii/nini Kéke, Kawam Koke. (2) Kel River, Cali-
fornia, ete. Lit. ‘““Many-EHels-Having.” Cf. kawam, kawe.

tiména, timna, d. tutdémna (1) to hear, 68, 3.101, 5.6. (2) to be informed
of; to learn, to be apprised of, 39, 20. 60, 3. 93, 10. 140, 6 185; 38.; ka-i
ni ti’ménat I had no opportunity to learn, 78, 18.; t. m’na taka teli’sht
he was informed that his son was alive, 96, 10. (8) to understand, compre-
hend: nanza timénatk (gt) Méatuasam hémkanks some understood the Pit
River language, 23, 3. The French entendre is used in the same sense.
(4) to listen to; to obey, 61, 7.

timénash, d tutdmnash (1) sound, clang, noise: k6-i t. disturbance, bad
noise. (2) information, intelligence, 40, 11.

420) KLAMATHU - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tuiméni, d. tutamni, adv., often, frequently; many times, 78, 6.; im manifold
ways: t. biinua to drink often; t. waitan illéla there are many days in the
year; lit. “the year completes itself going through many days”; i’pakt t.
illdlash it may remain Jor many years, 148, 15.; t. hours several hours ;
lit. ‘many times one hour”, 82, 9. Der. ttumi.

ttimi, tt’mi, tumi, obj. ttima; abbr. tti’m, adj. (1) many, a great deal of, a
number of; much, much of, 13, 4. 16, 16.: t. mdklaks many people, 88, Y.;
ka-i t. not in profusion, 148, 11.; timi-i-i tit a large number of teeth; tima
shtinuish gitko wealthy, rich in property; ti’ma watchaltko having many
horses, 127, 9., ef. 60, 11. 13.; ti’ma weweshaltko having many offspring,
85, 16.; ttmanta washtat ixto many holes; tumantka by the majority, 90, 3.
t. pika (stands for ti’m pdka, adv.) to smoke much, 137, 3. Abbr. in
ti’m: ti’m Mo’dokni gitpa many Modocs arrived, 13, 14. and Note; cf.
16, 8. 111, 22. (2) sufficient, enough of: at at. pdla-ash gi! there is bread
enough! lit. “much bread is there”! (3) too many, too much; cf. 105, 7. 9.
11. and Note. Cf. tim, timéni, tumidga.

tumidga, d. tutmidga, adj., few; not many: t. tit a few teeth. Dim. timi.

Tumshamnini Yaina, nom. pr. of a mountain in the Klamath Lake
Highlands.

tun-; words not found here to be looked for under ntul-, ntun-.

ttiina, dieretic. ti’-una, d. tuitana, tétan, prep. and postp., around, in the
vicinity of: ti’-una Lémaikshina, Yainakshina around Mount Shasta, around
Yaneks, 40, 3.4. The d. form means also: on the other side of, beyond;
tétan yaina on the other side of the mountain. Der. ti. Cf. gunitana.

tuinep, tiniip, tinip, d. titénep, titniip, ti’tnip jive: t. kshi'ta five men
escaped, 14, 9.; t. shléa five lynxes, 125, 1.; te-unepanta t. likla jifteen ; ef.
43,15. 18.; tinipa shéktatyatk one jifth part; lapi tinipa shéktatzatko
two fifths. Cf 70,8. 88,9. Five is a number constantly recurring in the
myths, traditions and customs of the Maklaks and many other Oregonian
Indians; cf. ttmepni.

tunépni, d. tuténépni (1) adv, five times, 75, 12.: t. té-Giniip fifty; t. waita
eiulan, or t. waita Friday, cf. sundé; t. s4-atsa sha ni’shta five whole nights
they danced around the scalps, \6, 11.; t. (supply watta) spai’kle-uapk you
shall sweat five days, 142, 8. 9. 13.; t. waitélat during five days, 70, 1., ef.

tiuméni—ttpesh. 421

& and 1:4, 21.; timiipni wiiita five days long, 134, 21, Mod.; ti’ténipni
iwalpéle each one emptied five (sacks), 111, 2.; tutenépni waitdlan in every
instance after five days have elapsed, 85, 1.; ttteniipni wattash for five days
im every instance, 88, 4. Quot. under nita (2) adj. num., five, when con-
sidered as belonging together, forming a whole, 17, 2. 13.; ttimepanti five
more added to the five previous ones, 111, 1.; sa wi/la hitnkiast tt’nipiins
they inquired of these five (mien), 17, 6.; tunipdntok only five.

tinshish, d. tutanshish series, file, row, line, e. g., of persons; lit. “what
runs along”; 88, 1. Cf. kimbaks, nttiltchna.

tinshna, ti/nsyantsa; same as nttltchna, nttiltchzantcha, q. v.

tunszantko, d. tutanszantko passing through, going across a solid body
From end to end: t. kénukéga wick of candle; tilaak t. passing through in a
straight line. Cf. gi’nka, ginyish, ginszéntko

tuntish, tdntish, d. tutantish (1) Indian short rope twisted or braided from
straps of raw hide. (2) any sort of rope, cable, thick cord or string.

tunultla, d. tutanulila to hang over, to be suspended over something, to
dangle down from, as snakes from rocks, 157; 47.

tupaksh, d. titpaksh (1) standing place: Ktai-Tupékshi, nom. pr. “at
the place where the rock is standing”, q. v. Der. tipka. (2) abbr. from
tliipakship, q. v.

ttipakship, abbr. ttpaksh, tépaks; d. ttitpakship, abbr. titpaks (1)
younger sister ; said by or in reference to elder brother. KI. (2) Modoes
use tipaksh for sister indiscriminately, 39, 12. 134, 11.: p’laiwdsham t.
the golden eagle's sister, 131, 9. and Note; tapini tépaks the younger or
youngest sister. Der. tapi. Cf. shutpakshaltko, tapiap.

tupakslia, d. tutpakslia to give a sister to somebody: lApéni t. to give two
sisters. Cf. kiiilalia.

tupelui to be next in order, following after, second to. From tt, pélui.

tupeluish (1) adj., who or which comes next. (2) subst., neighbor, neat
house, nearest lodge: tipeluish (for tupeluishtala) ani’k (nf) téliks Z send
somebody with a tule-basket to the nearest lodge, 75, 9.

tupéna, tupén, tdpiin, d. titpén to be muddy, miry, boggy; to mire: ta’'pen
ginsyishtat there is mud in the road or thoroughfare. Der. nddpa.

tuipesh, tdépesh, d. ttitpesh (1) mud, dirt, wet ground; muldy place, puddle;

422 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

the partitive case: tupéshti “mad on it”, is used as adj.: mary, full of mud
(2) KL: wet clay; dough. Cf. po’ksh, shnitta (2), tikesh.

tipka, d. tutapka to stand on the same level with the one speaking or sup-
posed to speak; said of one anim., but more especially of one long inan.
subject: ni/shtga t. to stand on the head; p’lai t. to stand above the level
of: tti’sh t. kiiflatat stands straight up on the ground, 149, 21.; yaina-ag
kutita nats hak tii’pka a hillock lay back of us, 31, 9. Speaking of more
than one subject, lfupka. Cf. lépkash, sttipka No 2, stitka, tapka,
tgtitea, tkélamna, tttya

tush, tish, ti’sh, d. ttittash; same definitions as ti, but connecting what
follows closely with the sentence preceding: (1) adv. loc., out in the distance;
far out there, 78, 13. 140, 11.: at some place, 36, 2.: ti’shtaks to the spot
where, 68, 4. In 149, 21. distance from the ground is alluded to:
“straight up”. (2) adv. loc. interr., at which place or spot? where? 75, 12.
110, 19. 121, 18.: tushu (or ttish hi) wafwash tchilamnu? where do the
waiwash-geese assemble on a hill? 189; 3; ti’sh hattch maélim p’gi’shap
tehia? at which of these places does your mother sit? 105, 5.; ti’shtal?
whither? in what direction? 121,13. Der. ti. Cf. tishtak, tutasyénini.

tuishak, adv., at some other place; somewhere far out. From tush, ak.

tuisheish, tushkish (1) adv. temp., that time, then, at the time being: t.
tchek some other time. (2) adv. temp. interr., when? what time? at which
hour? t. i patkal? when did you rise from sleep? Der. tu, gi.

tushiéga, d. tutashiéga; see huyéga No. 2.

tushizansha, d. tutashiyansha; see huiyansha.

tushkaya, d. tutashkdya; see hukaya.

tushkaytla, d tutashkaytla; see hukayidla.

tishkampéli, d. tutashkampéle; see hikampéli.

tushkansha, d. tutashkansha; see hikansha.

tushlindsha, d. tutashlindsha; see hushlindsha.

tushlipéli, d. tutdshlipéli; see ha'lipéli

ti’shnakmza to grunt: gishu t. the hog is grunting. Cf. sh’t’'mka.

ti’shni, d ttitashni, ttitshni (1) adj. and adv., coming from somewhere in
the distance; coming from above. (2) adj. and ady. interr., coming, arriv-
ing from where? kaiki paisas; to’sni hit 4mpu gépka? there are no clouds ;
whence does that rain-water come? Der. tush.

tuipka—tutanksham. 423

tushékash, tt’ssoksh, tishuksh, d. tut’shékash, titshoksh lungs, lights.

tushpdakléya, d. tutashpakl’ya; see hupakléza.

tushpélansha, d. tutashp’lansha; see ht’pélansha.

tt’sht, ady. loc., just where, right at the place where, 133, 8. Abbr. from
tti’sh at or ti’shtala; cf. ttish.

tushtampka, d. tutashtampka; see hi’tampka.

tushtkala, ta’shtkal, d. tutashtkala, tutashtkal; see hii’tkala.

tushtyapsha, d. tutashtyapsha; see hii’'tzapsha.

ti’shtak, td’shtuk, ti’shtoks just where, there where, 24, 3., the particle tak,
q- v., connecting the preceding sentence with the one following. It is
used as a particle correlative to hatokt: hatokt t. Méatuash li’wa at the spot
where the Pit River Indians had collected, 22, 20.; ti’shtuk kt’mme where
a rock-cave was (there the Snake Indians made a fire), 31, 2. Cf. tiish.

tushtpa, d. tutashtpa; see hi’tpa.

tushttisha, Mod. tishtushla, d. tutashtusha (1) to be shaken by frost, to
tremble from cold; to shiver. (2) to suffer of malarial or remitting fever; to
have fever and ague. Cf. muimiya, shawaltana.

tushtushish, d. tutdshtushish fever and ague, malarial fever, the ‘chills”.

tushtushla, d. tutéshtushla, Mod. for tushtisha K1., q. v.

tushteha, d. tutdshtcha; see hidsha No. 1.

tushtehna, d. tutashtchna; see hidshna.

tushua, d. tutashua; see hti’wa.

tut, tit, d. titat tooth: tydlamni t. fore tooth; pimam, viinam t. beaver’s,
elk’s tooth; t mashash toothache; t mdashetko afflicted with toothache, cf.
kima’‘dsh; atini t. long tooth, tusk; titatka with the teeth, 149, 14; skf’sha
pt’mam ttitatka they play a drop game with beaver’s teeth, 80,1. Cf. kako
(3), ngé-ishka.

tit, tt’t, adv., d. of tu, q. v. (1) out there, 134, 16. (2) high up there.

tuta, d. tutta to take away, seize, remove from: ti’tik spt’nshna they arrest
and take him away, 133, 9.

tatak, tuitaks, titoks but there; but up there. From tt, tak.

tutanksham, pl. timi t. nom. pr. of several species of Rubus: black-
berry shrub; raspberry bush; t. lutish raspberry, blackberry, dewberry. Cf.
kpo’k, TWiluish, pikpok.

424 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tutash, d. tit’tash (1) stump of tree, shrub or bush. (2) trunk of tree;
more particularly of thick trees. (3) thick post of wood. (4) the long,
white, marine dentalium shell, shaped like a slender cornucopia open at
both ends, used as on ornament and fastened to blankets, belts, hats ete.
or strung around the neck; serving as a wampum-currency to the
natives of the Pacific Coast, and sold to the Indians of the interior, 111,
13. and Note. They sell by the fathom and increase in value with their
length. In Chin. J. the shorter shells are called kipkup, the larger ones
hafkwa; some Californians call them alkétchik, q. v. (or allfkotchik).
The mollusk living in the shell is eaten by the Indians. The species
most frequently found on the Pacific Coast are Dentalium corneum, dentale
and striolatum. See G. Gibbs, Dict. of Chin J., p. 5. Der. tita.

tutaszé@nini what concerns all those living in a locality; universal, general:
laki t head-chief, high or principal chief, 5, 1.; tchiken a t. ldki techikénam
the rooster is at the head of all chickens. From d. of ttish, -ké’ni.

Tutashtaliksini Kéke, nom. pr. of Crooked River, a limpid rivulet
winding itself in unnumbered meanders from the vicinity of Fort
Klamath through volcanic detritus to the Upper Klamath Lake; it emp-
ties into the lake at its northeastern end not far from Kohdashti, and is
also called Yénaldi Kéke, gq. v. From d. of ttish, -tala, -i, -kshi, -ni.

tutiéna, tuthiéna, d. tutatiéna to totter about, to stagger along, 183; 13.

tutiksh, tutfla; see tuiksh, tuila.

tutish cup, dipper, rounded vase. Cf. kapdga.

titkish, tutyish bridle-bit. Der ttika.

tt’tshna, 83, 2. for tutidshna, d. of thidshna, q. v.

tut’tt’ksh, pl. timi t., earwav. KJ. for p’hpash Mod. Der. tita.

tututu, interjection implying fright, pain or dismay, 112, 4.7. Cf. ttka.

tututua to cry tututu: tututu-t'ta while crying titutu, 112, 11.

tii-una, d. titana; same as tuna, q. v.

TS 7 4he@ Ee

The compound sounds fs and tch constantly alternate, and, when medial
and final, both also alternate with ds, dsh. The few terms written ts seem

to be more frequently pronounced so than tch. Ina large number of words

tutash—tchakdaga. 4295

ts, tch alternate with s, sh, this being sometimes a dialectic change. When

this alternation is observed at the beginning of a word, the ts-, éch- is the

medial prefix s-, sh-. The terms where és, éch can stand for nts, ntch, nds,

ndsh and kts, ktch ave of rare occurrence. A few words often pronounced

with initial ts, tch have to be orthographed ?s-, ¢’sh- and will be found

under T. A prefix ts-, tech- refers to water and other liquids, to flowing,

dripping ete.; ef. tchi-.

tch, ts, -tch, -is, -ds, abbreviation appended as suffix to accented words:
(1) abbr. of tchd “now”, 112, 2. 5. 8. 13. and Note. (2) abbr. of tcha
for sha “‘they”; cf. 23, 13. and tcha. (3) abbr. of tchf ‘“thus”, 110, 18.
and Note. (4) abbr. of tchi’sh, tchish, “too”, “also”, “and”: gitsgdnits
and a young, 23, 13.; nids, nits, I also, 58, 1. 59, 4. 61, 17. 65, 14.; pash
Ambutch catables and water, 95, 15.; lai‘luagslats they also enslaved, 19, 2.;
hits and if, 60, 10. 21; tchii’tch then, 129, 6.; nanya ts and some, 65, 15.

tcha. tsa, -tsa, -ts often stands for sha they, when appended to a verb,
23, 13.; in 95, 17. it stands either for sha, sha a, or for tchish a.

tchd, tsd, adv, now, just now, presently; same as tchd-u, q. v.: tcha at tehi’
m’sh ni shéka now I bid you farewell in this way, 87, 14. Cf. 111, 16.

tchaggdya, tchakaya, d. tchatchgaya (1) to sit, to be seated upon, as on
a rock, limb of tree ete.: yd-ukal tch. 4nkutat the bald eagle sits on a tree,
144, 5.; tch. nti I roost; said of the shké-hawk, 177; 23. (2) to sit, stay,
remain in the woods, cliffs or recesses; to be posted in the bushes or timber,
23, 21. 24, 1—Speaking of a few subjects: wawaggaya, d. of waggadya;
said of three lynxes, 125, 7. of five lynxes, 125, 2. Speaking of many
subjects, liukaya, q. v. Cf. tgakaya

tchagsh, 103, 2.; see tehdshash.

tcha’hlanshna to sit down close to, 71, 4. Der. tchélya.

tehaizish net made of strings to hold the hair; hair-net.

tehaftchaya, pl. timi tch., grezil-stones fall. Cf. shtchayAshla.

tehak, d. tehdtchak (1) abbr. from tchakdga, q. v. (2) the fruit of the
service-tree; cf. tchdkptchi. (3) species of reed or bulrush. (4) arrow
made from this reed.

tchakdga, tchaggdga, abbr. tehdk; d. tchatchkaga service-tree, or, as
called in the West, serviceberry bush; a species of wild-apple tree: Ame-

426 KLAMATH- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

lanchier alnifolia ; 186; 51.; E-ukshikfshash teh4k maklaks shiti'ta he made
the Lake People from the serviceberry bush, 103.2) “CE tchaggiya.

tchakalsh, d. tchdtchzalsh (1) adj., passionate, excited. (2) adj. and
subst., of debased character; mean person Der. tchakéla.

tchdkatko, d. tchatchdgatko, same as t’shakatko K1., q. v.

Tehakawana Kéke, nom. pr. of the Willémet River of Western Ore-
gon; lit. ““Cascade-River”. The falls of Willa4met River at Oregon City
are called Timwater, “resounding water”, in Chin. J.: ati hik ntultke
Tech. Kéke the Willdmet River forms a high cascade. Cf. ntiltki and the
suffix of I-uatina, ttina.

Tehdakawétch, nom. pr. of a locality and camping-place near Yaneks.

Tehakii’ni, nom. pr. of Tchakd'ni, 1 mountainous section of land in the
Cascade Range, west of the main ridge, northwest of Upper Klamath
Lake and about one and a half day’s ride from the Williamson River
bridge. It contains the headwaters of an affluent of the Rogue River
and is inhabited by Indians of the hunting Moélale tribe, called Tcha-
ki/nkni, g. v. Cf. Ind. Aff. Report 1866, pp 89 sq.: ‘Thirteen Molalles
are at Flounce Rock, on headwaters of Rogue River; a little band of the
same tribe is on Caseade Range further north”. For the suffix -ki’ni, in
local names, cf. Lalawasyé’ni, Safkiin, Tehuazé’ni.

Tehakiinkni, Mod. Tchakénikni, or Tch. mdklaks, nom. pr. of the
Tchaké'nkni, a portion of the Médlale Indians. They settled at Tcha-
kii/ni, and have acquired the Klamath language, speaking it with a nasal
accent. ‘The Lake people were often engaged in war with them. Some
Tch. are still there, but much reduced in numbers. A woman on the
Klamath reservation, called Ella, belongs to this tribe. Cf. Kwikni

tcehdakéla, d. techatchakéla to be angry, irritated. Der. tehak- in tehak-
tchdkli. Cf. hishtchakta, shawiga.

tchakéla, tsdkéle, d. tchatchadkéla large root- and seed-basket worn on
back; made of willow-twigs, 101, 19.: tsdkélatka n’s skaitki to give me
(berries) in the willow-basket, 75, 9. Cf. hlfvash, yaki, na-i, téliks.

tehakéla, tehdkla, d. tehatchakla, Mod. for tehakléza KI.

tehakéla-dga, pl. tehatchakéla-aga small willow-basket. Dim. tchakéla.
tehakélu, pl. timi tch., sort of low shrub or weed growing in the Kla-

math Highlands; apparently a species of greasewood (Artemisia).

tehakalsh—tchdlamnia. 427

tsdkénish, an aquatic bird; its incantation, 169; 51.

tehaki, d. tchatchaki boy, lad, 183; 17.18. Cf. ndshékani, ntchaélkni.

tchakia, d. tehatchkia to put in the mouth, 119, 9.

tchakidga, tsakedka, tsdkiag, d. tchatchakidga, tsdtskiag (1) little boy,
lad, youngster, 109, 14. 179; 6., incantation: 169; 53. (2) the bright bow
in a double rainbow. Dim. tchaki. Cf. hishudkga.

tehakinksh northeast wind. Cf. gt’pashtish.

tehakiuks, a water-bird of a gray color, 169; 52. Cf. shafkish (2).

tchakléyza, d. tehatchakléza to lose children by death ; said of fathers only :
partic. tchaklakatko bereaved of all his children. Kl. for tehdkéla Mod.
Der. tehdka. Cf. k’lekdla, l4pkléksh.

tehakptchi, tehakptch, pl. timi tech. (1) adj, looking like the fruit of the
service-tree. (2) subst., a sort of beads worn on neck, elongated and
bulging out at both ends. From tchak (2), -ptchi.

Tehaktot, nom. pr. of a chief of the Snake Indians settled at YAéneks,
ten to twelve miles above the subagency buildings; he personally be-
longs to the Yahuskin tribe, 58, 8. and Note.

tchaktehakli, tsaktsdkli, d. tchatchAktchakli (1) adj., sharp, pointed, as
a needle or thorn: tch. psi’sh sharp nose. (2) adj., triangular, pyramidal ;
viz. “as sharp as a triangle”. (3) subst., point of arrow-head. Cf.
shtchakalka, shtchakuash.

Tsazyeak-Tkawalsh, nom. pr. of a locality and camping-ground on
Upper Sprague River, named after a high standing rock which presents
some likeness to a boy. From tchakiiga, tedwala (2).

tehdla, tsala large basket-shaped hat in the Shasti style; not worn in the
Klamath Lake country. Cf. kma’, kalkma, tehakéla.

tsdla-esh, 169; 54.; tsdlayesh, 180; 15.; same as tchfalash, q. v. Cf.
tsantsan.

tehdalam, word occurring in several dancing tunes; seems abbr. from
tchalamna: 194; 4. 5. 195; 5.

tchalamna, tsdlamna, ts’hdlamna, d. techatchdlamna to sit on something
or against some object, 30, 13. Speaking of two or more subjects, wa-
walamna, d. of wAlamna. Der. tchfa.

tchalamnid, d. tehatchdlamniti éo sit, stay high up or at a distance. Contr.
from tchdlamna hu.

428 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tchadlash, d. tehdtchlash fishing-net of any description. Cf. téwash.

tchalekiya, tchalekia, d tchatchalekfya to sit, be seated on ur near the
water, 173; 5.: nd wélwash (for welwashtat) teh. I sit at the water-spring,
163; 9. Der. tehalfga.

tehaliga, d. tehatchaliga to sit close to the water, on a river beach, lake
shore, 173; 5. Speaking of two or more, wawaliga. Der. telifa.

techalushkanka, d. tehatchlushkanka to feel around, as in the dark or
like a blind person, 154; 10. Cf. Itidshna.

tsamgikuak, species of small duck; white-headed, body brown.

tchamptakia, d. tehatchamptakia, Mod. for tehdmptki K1., q. v.

tchamptki, Mod. tchamptakia; d. tchatchamptki fo be scared, frightened:
tchamptakian huhdtchna frightened, they ran away, 54, 7. Cf. tika.

tchanish, negative particle equivalent to 7f not, when not, but used also
like our ‘‘not”, when introducing a sentence: hik hihashuaks ak nen
kttiktshant wénkat, tch. tchutchelttish giug these men would have been
drowned, had they been unable to swim, Mod Der. tehii’. Cf. syéna.

tehdanshan, d. tehatchanshan (1) adj. and adv., firm, motionless; said of
trees, rocks, e. g.: teh. tti’pka ko’sh the pine-tree stands firm. (2) Tehan-
shan “Immovable”, nom. pr. mase. K1.

tsantsan, tchdnshan, d. techatchanshan swift or belted kingfisher ; a little,
ashy-blue species of picarian birds, feeding on salmon in the upland
lakes: Ceryle alcyon. Incantations, 169; 54. 177; 19. Onomatop.; the
note of the bird is: tehatchatcha . .

tsantsand-aga young tsantsan or kingfisher; incantation, 177; 19.

tchd-olaksh, tsa-ulaks, d. tsatst’laks, a species of pretty, small, red-
eyed duck, almost black; lays its eggs in trees. Possibly the crested
wood-duck, Ai# sponsa, 180; 11. Der. tehawal.

tchapdata, d. tehatchpata back of chair. Cf. kshapdta, shuimpaétampka.

tsadpszish, d. tsdtsapszish soot. Cf. skélkéta.

Tchapszo, nom. pr. of Clear Lake, east of Modoe Lake, in California.

Tehasam-Péwash, nom. pr. of a camping site on Klamath Marsh; lit.
“Skunks’ Swimming-Place.” Der. tchdshash, péwash.

tehashash, KI. tsdsis, d. tehatchashash skunk, usually black with white

spots; Mephitis mephitica. A scurrilous skunk-myth is given in 134,

tehalash—tchatchgdélinks. 429

7-12.; a tribe of Indians is said to be created from them, 103, 2. Cf.
127, 9-12. Incantations, 155; 16. and Note; 162; 7. Cf shuydluish.
tchashkai, d. tehatchashkai (1) weasel: laki t. male weasel. The various
colors of Putorius ermineus, Cuv., the common weasel, and of other weasel
species, turn to white in winter, 180; 1. The curious freaks and jumps of
weasels are often alluded to by conjurers in their incantations, 155; 23.
15S OZ. G25. 169s 552 o6. WIA; LOD WI. We; 12. = (2) Pchasgai, nom.
pr. of the mythic “Weaslet”; see tchashkayaga. Cf. ka-i.

tchashkayaga, tsasgdyak (1) little weasel; this species is probably
Putorius vulgaris, Cuv. (2) Tchashgayak and Tchashgai, nom. pr. of
“Weaslet”, a mythic being often mentioned in the folklore of the West-
ern and other Indians. In our Texts Tchéshgai appears as the younger
brother and companion of Skélamtch, q. v., 107, 1-108, 5. 109, 1-114,
12., and is sent out by him to bring home one-eyed females to be their
wives, 107, 8-12. 109, 3-11. Their sons kill each other with arrows,
107, 12 sqq. 109, 11 sqq. (3) young of weasel.

tsdszibs, d. tsatsdszibs, a species of night-bird, black, with thick head
and spotted wings, 180; 3. Cf. szi’b.

tehashlaksh, d. tchatchashlaksh kidney-tallow, grease enveloping kid-
neys and bowels. Cf. ndshashldla, tchashash.

tehashlina, d. tchatchashlina; same as ndshashlina, q. v.

tchatdwa, d. tchatchtawa to warm oneself in the sun, to bask: ktchal-
yishtat ‘in the sunshine”, may be added. Speaking of more than one
subject, wawatawa. Der. tchfia. Cf. kshéluya, shuatawi.

techatechakma, pl. timit, v impers., haze is forming; it is hazy weather.
Mod., unknown to KI. Cf. teméla.

Tehatchaktchaksh, nom. pr. of a Snake Indian chief, who deserted
from the Klamath reservation accompanied by his warriors, 29, 1.

tehatcha-pélu, pl. timi tch., a sweet-tasting resin running out of the
sugar-pine, ktéleam ko’sh, when tapped, to the amount of one handful
from each tree; hardened, it becomes white, 75, 4 Der. ndsé’dsh (2), p’ld.

tchatehgalam, d. tehatchatchgalam (1) capsule of seeds, pod ; cod, husk.
(2) pine bur. Dim. ndshé’dsh (1), poss. case. Cf. ktcheldlash, tchilak.

tchatehgdlinks, d. tchatchatchgdlinks; Mod. for tchatchgalam KI.

430 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tehatehlai, d. tchatchatehlai lightning-bug; fere-fly. Cf. ktchalui.

tehatchlatptehi (1) adj., what has the appearance of, looks like a fire-fly.
(2) subst., species of fire-fly, lightning-bug, 134, 16.

tcehatehui, adv. of intensive signification: ‘‘indeed”; occurs in: ttm tch.
too much, in too large quantity ov measure. Cf. Note to 105, 7.

tcha-u, tsd-u, abbr. tcha, adv., now, right now, just now, at the present
moment, 120, 8. Der. tchd, and the temporal hu (3). Cf. -at, teha.

tsatitsau, pl. tiimi ts., fying wood-rat or squirrel: Pteromys volucella.

tchawaya, tchawa-i, d. tchatchudya to wait, to wait for: kli‘kugan kaé-i
mish teh. I have no time to wait for you; tehawéhi u-é nti’sh gépgapélisht
tche’k insh ginuk! you wait till I come! tchawaéhi-uapk wé a (for at) mish
nuit gatpampéli-uapksht J shall wait till you return. Quot. under tché’k (2).

tchawal, d. tehdtchual to sit on, to be seated on, as on a chair: ktéyat tch.
to sit on a rock, 127, 1. Der. tehia. Cf. tgdwala, tehaggdya.

tehawalkish, d. tehatchualkish seat of any description; bench, chair,
sofa ete: tidshi tech. ginhiéna furniture of a room, house.

tchdiwash, tsiwas; see shawash.

tchawika, tchawiga, d. tehatchuika, dialectic form of shawiga, q. v.
Cf. tehawikatko.

tchawikatko, d. tehatchuikatko (1) deranged in mind, insane, chronically
demented. (2) stupid, foolish . Partic of shawiga, q. v.

tchawina, d. tchatchuina to live, dwell among others, to reside among people,
to be a resident: Boéshtinash tehawimatko having lived among the Americans,
13,16 Speaking of more than one subject, sh@’kla. Der. tehfa.

tcha’, tchii, tsi’, tehé, tse’, d. tchii’tchii, techétche (1) then; after that time,
127, 4.; abbr. from tche’k, q. v.: mbtshant tché an shue-udpka to-morrow
(and not sooner) I will go and fish with the line. Cf. tché-etak. (2) then;
the correlative particle to hii if: hii—tchii i/—then, 21, 10.; hunkantchii’
is the correlative of hii’doks in 59, 1.; tsii takes the place of hi in 129, 3.
and tsii’‘taks but if, 129, 2. of hi’toks. Cf. hii, tchiimluk, tchiitch.

tsii’-1, d. tsii’tsi anus of animals. Cf. kilit, kiu.

Tsi’kela-Nép, nom. pr. fem. KI, ‘‘Blood-red Hand”. Fr. tchékéli, nép.

tcehiimltik for tehii’ ma‘Ish htik, 133, 6. and Note.

Tsindédtanksh, nom. pr.; the Junction of Sprague and Williamson Rivers,

tehatchlai—tehékélala. 431

about three miles above the mouth of the Williamson River. Cf. Ktai-
Tupdkshi, sheno’tkatko.

tehitech, tehii/tch then, and then, 129, 6. From tchii’, tchish.

tché, tche’, d. tchétché; same as tchii’, q. v.

tsédsh, tehi’tch, d. tehéndshadsh; same as ndsé’dsh, q. v.

tehé-etak, d. tehetchétak (1) at length, finally: tch. hi’n ktai luyéga nti
Jinally I succeeded in lifting that rock. (2) at the right, appropriate time ; in
time. Der. tehii’, tak.

tche-ini, teheini, d. tchetcha’ni (1) soft, tender: ko’sh tcheinish dnku
gitko a-pine-tree having soft wood. (2) brittle, frail.

tehéyalalya to swing the body around, 185; 39.

teh@k, tehék, tchi‘k, tsik, tchii’k, abbr. tché, tsi’; d. tchétchek (1) adv,
jinally, at last, 91, 6. 111, 3. 118, 10. 119, 5.: mbtshant tch. to-morrow at
last; undshe’k tch. after some time, 113, 7.; tehti ma’ntch-gitk teh. finally,
after a while, 112, 15. (2) postp., until, till, 837, 19.; mbt’shan tech. until
next morning, Mod., 40, 12., ef. 119, 16.; pitchash teh. wnéd (the fire) went
out, 85, 10.; pata teh. imk i (supply tchawdyi)! wait till summer time!
cf. 149, 5. and pani. (3) conj., then, after this; afterwards, since then:
na’sh lakf tchig another chief besides, 29, 2. 5.; hantchipka tchi‘k then he
sucks out, 71, 6., ef. 71, 4.; klékuapksht tch. that they will die after this,
133, 2.; waldsha tchfk sha kshtin then they lay grass on the top, 148, 17.;
tsui tsik herewpon, 83, 1. 149, 7. Cf. 18, 15. 78,18. When tch. intro-
duces the principal clause (apodosis), it usually occupies the first place
in that clause: teh. tashka then she let her go, 55, 7 ; tech. kéléwi then they
stopped; cf. k’léwi. It occupies the second place, when introducing co-
ordinate sentences, cf. 109, 11. 148, 17., and when connected with verbals
and participles, 61, 8. 183, 5. 146, 11. Cf. tanktchik, tchii’, tchd-etak,
tché’ksh, tchui, untchek

tchékaga, tehékak (1) Brewer's blackbird, a small, black forest-bird with
yellow, glistening eyes: Scolecophagus cyanocephalus. (2) Tchékag, nom.
pr. of the personified Blackbird, as mentioned in a mythic tale, 113, 14.
16. 114, 9. (3) young or small tsée'ks-duck. Cf. tsé’ks, tcho’kshash.

tehékani, tehékéni, d. techetchdkani; same as ndshékani, q. v.

tehékélala, d. tchetchak’lala, v. trans., to bleed, to extract blood. This

432 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

practice is sometimes resorted to by conjurers and other Indians, the limb
selected for it being the arm just below the elbow. Der. tchékéli.

Tehékéle-Tstwish, nom. pr. of an encampment of Snake Indians
near a little spring with water as red as blood, ten miles above Yaneks.
From tchékéli, tehfwish No. 2.

tehékéli, tsi’kéle, d. tchetchakéli (1) blood: tch. vtimi' the blood is buried,
viz. “the bloodshed is forgotten”, 54, 18.; tech. tehtimua to bleed from the
lungs; tch. tilya to make or render bloodshot, 126, 7.; tch. itkal to suck out
blood, 71, 8.; géka tchakéle the blood ascends, 83, 5. Quot. under pshi’sh,
poko. (2) red juice: tchii’kéle i’'wam whortleberry juice, 75, 7., and in
Tsi‘kéla-Nép, q. v.

tchékélila, d. tchetchdkélila, v. impers., to bleed, to lose blood: nish teh.
tankatch I bleed from the palate; mish i (for hi) a tch. you are bleeding.

tehéklash, d. tehetchdklash, a species of fish found in Upper Klamath
Lake; length, two inches.

tehekléla (1) to sit on the side or edge of; to sit at somebody’s side, to take
a vacant seat. (2) to sit or crouch on the water's edge; said, e. g., of the
tuikish-crane, 170; 63. and Note. Der. tchfa.

tsé@ks, d. tsétséks, species of duck, small, with gray head. Cf. tchékaga (3).

tehé@ksh, tchéks, tchi’ksh, d. tchétchéksh; the enlarged form of tche’k:
(1) used in the same sense as tché’k (3), q v., as a connective of words
or clauses, 149, 8. Quot. under sptlhi (3). (2) used in the same sense
as tchkash, q. v., but only in the Modoe dialect.

tchée@ksla, tehékslé after a while. Mod. for tntchek KI. Cf. kto’dsha, 14.

tch@kteheka, tsi’ktsika, d tchetcha’ktcheka (1) to squeal, to cry or
weep pitifully on account of pain, sickness. (2) to possess a high voice; to
speak or sing at a high pitch of voice; said also (Mod.) of imitations of
some person’s or animal’s voice. Cf. tya’ntzana. (3) to be unwilling, to
dislike doing something, to complain of it in a whining voice. Ct. shéka.

tehektehékli, d.tehetchaéktchekli (1) hateful, mean, low, debased. (2)
ugly, unpleasant to the sight. Cf. tehe’ktcheka.

tchezdéga; see tchizdga.

tchélash, tsdlas (1) stalk, stem of plant, 146, 12. 147, 5-9. 19 149, 15.:
tch. sha ishka they pull up the stalks, 148, 2. (2) grass, weed, bush.

Tehékéle-Tsiwish— Tséloyins. 433

tcheléya, d. tchetchéléya to bask in the sun. Mod. Der. tchia. Cf.
tchatawa, tehélui.

tchéléya, d. tchletchliya; Mod. for tchiléya KL, q. v.

tcheléyash, species of fish differing from the tsialash (salmon). In-
cantation 177; 32. Cf. tcheléwa

tchéleyéga, d. tchetchéliéga to lift, take off from the camp- or lodge-fire:
tchulé’ks tch. to remove meat from the fire. Cf. ilala, tchildla.

tchélézish, tchlékish, d. tchétch’lyish morsel, bit, mouthful: na‘sh tch.
one morsel or one swallow. Of. tchelétka, tchiléya.

tchéletéyewish, d. tchetchélet¢éyewish food-particle, crumb, morsel: tch.
shdpéle, Mod., crumb of bread. Cf. tchelétka.

tchelétka, d. tchétchlatka to take out of, as of a pocket. Cf. shitchlétza.

tcheléwa, tselii’wa, d. tchetchléwa (1) v. intr., to form circles or concen-
tric rings in the water: tseléwa gé-u é-ush the lake where I swim forms
ripples, 165; 15. (2) v. trans., to produce circles, ripples, waves by swim-
ming, by objects thrown into, by splashing or shaking the water, 162; 6.
Cf. steléwa, shtcheléwa.

tcheléwash ripple, concentric wave; wave produced by swimmers, 168; 46.

tehélish, d. tchetchélish porcupine. The white-haired porcupine, re-
thizon dorsatus, body dark-brown, is found throughout North America.
Tchia'lish pawa ht he eats like a porcupine, 190; 14.

tchélksh, tsélks, d tchétchalksh, ts¢tsalks (1) generic term for skin, of
persons, quadrupeds without fur, snakes ete., but distinct from mba-ush,
q. v. (2) pelt, the delicate inside tissue on the skin of furred and other
quadrupeds. Mod. Cf. ktcheldla, ndshé’dsh.

tchélya, d. tchetchdlya (1) to sit down, to take a seat, 71, 3. 96, 12.:
tchélyank seating himself (on the ground), 105, 6. 15.; at tchélyat! ye sit
down! tchelkdn! sit down (sing., Mod.)! tehi/lyet nanuk! sit down ye all!
90, 11.; kuni’/] tchdlzi! st¢ down a little further! Cf. shulatchtila, tchéwal.
(2) to wait: tchély’ ish! wait for me! lit. “sit down for me”! Der. tehia.

tchélypéli, tchélkpéle, d. tchetchalypéli to sit down again, to reoccupy
one’s seat, 112, 13. From tchélga, -péli.

Tsélozins, Techélozinsh, Tsilokinsh, nom. pr. of Chéloquin, a Klamath
Lake man, living close to Ktai-Tupaksi, near the confluence of William-
son and Sprague Rivers. Cf. Kaimom, Kassilag, Shasti, Shastiaga.

28

434 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tcheléla, teheldéluish ete., Mod. forms for ktcheldéla ete., q. v

tchéltchela, d. tchetchdltchela (1) to glitter, to coruscate; said of stars,
shining rocks ete. (2) to be resplendent. (3) teh. and tsehlts@hla to look
about quickly ; to be lively, wide-awake: partic. tcheltchelatko lively, quick,
mercurial. Cf. ktchalhua.

tcheltchéli, tse’hlts@hli, d. tcehetchaltchéli, tsetswhlts@hli; Mod. for
tchéltchela (3).

tehéltchlish, pl. tumi tch. (1) lava rock, eruptive formation. (2) Tchéltch-
lish, nom. pr. of the extensive lava beds situated on the boundary dividing
the States of Oregon and California. They were the scene of a series
of bloody fights during the Modoe war of 1873: Tchéltslis kimme cave
of the lava beds. Der. tehéltchela (1). Cf. ktayalish, lalatshaltko.

tchélui, d. tehetchdlui to sit by the fire, to warm oneself at the fire. Cf.
kshéluya, tehatawa, tcheléya.

tehéma, d. tehétchma to fracture, to break; said of limbs of the animal
body: koto, kii‘mat tech. to break one’s hip, back.

Tsématko, nom. pr. mase. KI, “Back-in-two”, 140,1. Partic. of tehéma.

tehéo’ksh, d. tehéd’tchéoksh, Mod.; same as sho’ksh KL, q. v.

tchétehapkatko, pl. timi teh., blear-eyed; having dripping, running eyes.
Cf. papatkawatko (1).

tcehé-u, poss. tehéwam, d. tchétch’t antelope. The prong-horned antelope,
Antilocapra americana, is found from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific
Coast; 126, 6. 8. 9.; gankanka tehii’-u they hunt antelopes, 74, 13.; ef.
144, 7.; tehéwash idt’pka he kicked the antelope, 126, 7.; tché-u for teheé-
utat over the antelope, 126, 7.; tehéwam, or tehé-uti tédke the antelope’s
prong. Cf. Tehéwamtch.

tehé-ulyza to rise from seat; to start to leave, 68, &.

tehé-ush, d. tehétehiish, tehiutchiish red-shafted flicker; the most fre-
quent of all woodpeckers, with a black ring around neck, body about
the quail’s size; popularly called yellow-hammer, yellow colors in east-
ern birds turning into red in the west of North America; Colaptes auratus,
var. mexicanus. The flesh is eaten and the feathers serve the natives as
ornaments for their dress; tsé-usam 1a’sh the large feathers of the yellow-

hammer, 181; 2.; tsé-usam skii'tatk, tsé-usam tstiyiitk eearing the feathers
>) ? ? ? ‘ .

tchelédla—tehia. 435

of the flicker on dress, on hat, 181; 1.2. Incantations, 154, 10. 167; 30.
180; 9. Named onomatopoetically after its note: tehii, tchii. Cf. kiliwash.

tchéwa, d. tchétchua to float; said, e. g., of the mallard-duck, 170; 68.
Der. éwa. Cf. fwa, tchiwa.

Tehéwam Sti’ “Antelope’s Trail”, nom. pr. of a locality near Warner
Lake, 29,10. From ‘tehé-u, stu.

Tehéwamtch “Old Antelope”, nom. pr. of a mythic animal mentioned
in a mythologic Text, p. 118 sqq., whose young are called wiwaliga; ef.
wihlaga. From teh¢-u, &mtch.

tchga, tchgimna, Mod. for ska, set’mla K1., q. v.

tehi, tehi’, tsi, tsi, d. tchitchi (1) so, thus, in this way, 59, 23. LOOS Mite
This particle is, like nd-asht, very generally connected with the verbs
of speaking, naming and thinking: ts{sa hin ki so they said, 100, 13.;
tchi hink hi’ksha gi thus they spoke: ts{ sa, for ts{ sa gi, so they said,
22, 2., cf 7.; tehin (for tehi ni or tchf nfi) thus J, 22, 9.; tsin at gi so I
said, 22, 10.; tehi’n gi so I said, 30, 3.; htimasht tchi in this strain, 65,
12.; ef. 60, 4. 65, 7.; tsi hii’mkank she spoke thus, 65, 13.; tchi’ sésatk so
called, having such a name, 29, 2.; tehihunk, for tehi htink thus, so, 103, 9.
104, 3. Cf. ke, kie. (2) sometimes used for tché, abbr. of tehé@’k. Cf.
111, 15. (8) sometimes abbr. from tehti.

tchi-, tsi-, tche-. The prefix tch-, ts- occurs in a large number of deriv-
atives, especially verbs, all of which refer to water or some other liquid,
and the motions observed in liquids, as flowing, dripping, flooding, beil-
ing ete These terms mostly begin with tchi-, tsi-, initial tche-, tcha-,
tchu- being less frequent. Where. the radical has become obsolete, as in
tchckéli, the prefix seems to form a radical syllable.

tehia, tsfa, d. tehitchia (1) to remain, stay, dwell, live ; to be settled, encamped ;
to stop, remain at a camping-place, house, village ete.: naka Ankutat tech.
the cinnamon bear lives in the woods: tchid in order to stay there, 173; 2.;
hi’-itak tehi’-uapk here he was going to remain, 95, 6.; kiifla tehi’sh a
country to live in, 39, 6.; spungdtgapéle K-ustat tchi’/pkshi (for tehipkash-i)
hiink snawii‘dsas he brought home (his) wife who then stayed at the Lake,
78, 13.; K-ush guni’gshta maklakshash tehi’pksh (for tchipkash) an Indian
living on the opposite shore of Upper Klamath Lake, 65, 17., ct. wishi; shliié

436 KLAMATIL-ENGLISH DICTIONARY,

(nat) tchi’pksh we saw them encamped, 19, 15.; cf. 20, 6. 21, 13. 34, 4. 37,
18. 78, 1. 107, 1. 2. 109, 2. 111,19. Cf klukdlgi, shidsha, tchi’dsha,
tchipka No. 1, wi. (2) to sit, to be seated: ti’sh malim p’gi’shap tch.?
where does your mother sit? 105, 5. Speaking of more than one sitting,
wawapka. Cf. shepatchtila, tchélya. (3) to make halt, to stop on one’s
march; to make a stand: nanuk tch. every one makes halt, 74, 17.; wiga
gin pén tch. not far from there they made another stand, 43,4. Cf. tgélza.
(4) to be alive, to live, 64, 14. 78, 18. 105, 8. 145, 2. 8.: ku-i teh. to lead
a miserable life, 78, 5. 12.; tchi’sht that he was alive, 96, 10.

tchifalash, tchfalsh, tsfals, tsiii’ls, d. tchitchidlash, tsitsidlas salmon; an
important food-fish of the Maklaks Indians, ascending twice every year
into the lakes and rivers of the Klamath Highlands, the first run being
in June, the other in autumn: tsiiils-ha’mi ‘‘at salmon time”, 16, 16.;
tsfals patso’k for feeding on salmon, 189; 2. Salmon is the staple food of
the Columbia River Indians, and is sold by them to the Maklaks, 93, 5.
Cf. 193, 12. Incantation, 177; 31. Cf. tcheléyash.

tehiamna d. tehitchi’amna to carry about water or any liquid in one tub,
cask, barrel, bottle, vase: lam tsi’amnatko shéldshash (gi) the soldier car-
ries a bottle of whisky. Der. f-amna. Cf. tchfya

tchid-usam, pl. timi tch., species of herb or weed bearing a panicle;
seeds eaten by the natives.

tehi’dsha, d. tchitchi/dsha to remain, stay continually: lapuk tch. both
remained there, 109, 11. Der. tehfa. Cf. wadshuga

tchiéga, d. tchitchiéga to spread about, to overflow; said of liquids: 4mpu
tch. the water overflows; tilyan tch. A4mpu kifla the water dripped down and
flooded the ground. Cf. kitlua, tilhua, tilya, tehiwa.

tchig, tsi’g, tsik; (1) same as tchék, q. v. (2) same as tchik, q. v.

tchig’hunk, d. tehftchig’hink; see tchik (1).

tehfihunk, 103, 9. 104, 3., for tehf hfink; same as tchiyunk, q. v.

tehiya, tchtia, t’shia, d. tehitchia to give, present, bestow; said of liquids:
Aishishash Ambu tchi’sh sha tch. they also gave water to Aishish, 95, 16.;
nia witchash ambu t’shia I give the horse water to drink; Ambo ish tehi!
give me a drink of water! Cf. t’shi’n, trya.

tehiyunk, tstyunk, tsitnk, tehihunk, d. tehftchiyunk thus, in this manner ;
the adv. tehi so, connected with the temporal adv. htink, abbr. into tnk.

tehialash—Tchikéskni. 437

tehik, tchi‘k, tehig, d. tchitchik (1) thus, so, in this manner; contr. from
tchi gi ‘so it is”; frequently connected with hi’nk: tchi’g’hunk, d. tehi’-
tehigahunk: tehi’tchigihunk mi‘sh élyopk shéshash by this name I shall call
you. (2) sometimes for tché’k, q. v., as in 111, 3. Cf. 61, 6. and Note.

tsf{ka, tchikka, tehigga (1) ts. or tehfkash, a little gray or dark-colored
bird, building its nest in the grass, and-called tséka onomatopoetically
from its note ts, ts, ts; probably a species of the warblers or finches; in-
cantation, 157; 43. (2) Tchika, nom. pr. of one of Afshish’s five mythic
wives, interpreted in Text as ““Chaffinch”, 95, 23. 96, 2.-6. 99, 10.; Tchf-
kalam wii'ka Chaffinch’s child, 96, 2.

tchi‘ka, tehfka-aga, teh{ka-amtch; ef. t’shi’ka, t’shika-aga ete.

ts{kal, a tall lacustrine grass, 149, 4.

tchikamna, d. tchitchkamna to have the water-brash. Der. ika.

tehikash, tchikass, d. tehftchkash (1) same as tsika, q. v. (2) bird;
generic term for the smaller forest birds, 145, 4., as warblers, titmice,
robins, finches etc.: tch-kshfkshnish, lit. “carrying off birds”; see kshi’-
kshnish; kii’‘kak-tkani tsikka a yellowish bird, 180; 8. Cf. fwam, shna-
wa’‘ka, shté’ksh, shtimalua (1).

Tehikass-Walakgishtat “dt Bird’s Lookout”, nom. pr. of a locality
near Klamath Marsh, 74, 17.

tehikatchgish, d. tchftehgatchkish cricket; when dried, serves as food
to Klamath Lake and Modoc Indians. Cf. ta’hta-ash, tlul.

Tchikéle, nom. pr. fem. K1.: “Small”. Called so because uncommonly
small at the time of her birth.

tchikémen, tsi’kémiin, Mod. tchfkémal, pl. ttimi tch. (1) metal: kakii’kli
tch. gold or copper; lit. “yellow metal”: palpali tch. sélver, tin or zinc;
lit. “white metal”. (2) gold or copper coin, silver coin. Cf. tala. (3)
iron; what is made of iron: teh. pdko iron kettle, iron bucket; tch. stilanksh
iron hoop; tch.mpaAmptish blacksmith. Cf. hesydtana. (4) nail made of
iron or other metal, 66, 4. Cf. sAkta (2). From Chin. J.

Tehiké’si, nom. pr. of a camping site on the Williamson River. Der.
tehizi. Cf. techyashétko.

Tchikéskni, nom. pr. of one of the watchmen appointed to guard the
underground jail, 66, 5.; lit. “coming from Tchiké’si”, q. v.

438 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tchi’kla, d. tehitchikla to sit, be seated or placed in, upon: sniilastat
tchi‘klank while sitting in the nest, 100, 10.; watchat or watchatka tch.
(or simply tch.) to ride on horseback; tchikélank watsat riding on a horse,
184; 33. ° C£ 58, Li. 12. and Notes “Derttchia.

tehik’n, pl. ttiimi tch., chicken, hen: tchiki’n tchish gt'lu the hen also, 133,
5. From the English. Cf. hashpapka, tutaszéenini.

tchikdélalya to walk on long legs, to stride on long-legged, 190; 12.

tehi’ksh, tchi‘ks, 149, 8.; the enlarged form of tehée’k; see tché’ksh.

tsiiktu, d. tsitsiktu, a species of hawk living on mice; feathers of yellow-
ish color, changing to white in winter. Incantation, 170; 58. Cf. shké.

tehiktceha, d. tehitch4ktcha to bring, haul, fetch; said of liquids only:
Ambush (for Ambu i’sh) tehiktch’ i! go and get me water! Ampii at tehi-
tchaktchat! bring ye water! Der. tktcha.

tehiktchik, d. tehitchi’ktchik wagon, carriage, cart, stage, 78,14. From
Chin. J. tsiktsik. Quot. under lévita (2), tgtita.

Tehiktchikam-Lupatkuelatko, nom. pr. of Scarface Charley, a
young Modoe warrior; lit. “scarred by a wagon”. He was one of the
bravest and, best leaders, and certainly the most ingenious of all defenders
of the Modoc tribe while fighting in and near the lava beds. Cf. 37, 5.
7. 43, 7-12. and Note to 37, 3. 42, 1. and his short biographic notice,
55, 19-56, 7. with Notes. With other Modoes who took part in the war,
he lives now exiled in the northeastern part of the Indian Territory,
Quapaw reserve. Cf. lupatkuéla, upatia.

tchiktchifkash, d. tehitchaktehfkash small ax, hatchet, 90, 18. Cf.
shlakétkish.

tehikualyuléa, d. tehitchakualyuléa to turn somersaults.

tehitzi, tehi’yi, d. tehitchfyi to be overflooded, to be covered with water:
nakosh teh. the dam is under water.

tchizéga, d. tehitchizédga to live, stay, remain within; to live imside of:
latchashtat tch. to live in a lodge, house; tch is preferable to tchezdga,
112, 5. Der. tchfa. Cf. tchiwiya.

tcehitztchiza, d. tehitchiztchiza, v. intr., to be tickled; to feel a tickling
sensation. Of. shtchiyak¢éka, shtchi’ktzish.

tehila, tchila, d. tehitchla; same as tchilla, q. v.

teh?’ kla—Tchillakash. 439

tehflak, tchélazy, Mod. tehillak, d. tchitchlak (1) rind, peelings of fruit.
(2) pod; seed-envelope. Cf. ktchelélash, ndshé’dsh, tchatchgalam. (3)
scale of fish; tch. vulini to scrape off fish-scales.

tchildla, d. tehitchlala, v. trans, to boil, to make seethe, as water; to boil
something in water: teh. iwam they boil berries, 15, 8. cf. 146, 5. 10. 149,
13.: nitoks 4mpu teh. I am heating water; teh. nti tehileks I am boiling
meat. Der. ilila. Cf, shnekalpka, shulala, tehtleks.

tchilalétkish, d tchitchlalétkish any vase used for boiling or cooking;
pot, jug, kettle. Mod.

tehilAluash, d. tehitchléluash, KI. for tchilalétkish Mod., q. v.

tehilamna, d. tehitchlamna to be crowded together, to be in a flock.

tehfilamnfi, d. tehitchlamnti to crowd together above, high up, or im the
distance: waiwash tch. wazwash-geese flock together on a hill, 189; 3.

tsilash yellow-striped squirrel

tchili/lya, d. tchitchlii’lza to save, to keep, as cooked meat: tch. sha tehtt-
leks they saved the meat, 119, 16. Cf. shudlya

tchiléya, d. tchitchléya to give, present with, donate; to give away; refers
to cooked provisions: tchf’leks i’sh tchiléyank i! give me a piece of meat!
ef. 119, 14; ntsh tchéléyan i gi! Mod. give to me!

tehilika to pinch, to seize with the extremities or claws: kuata tch. to pinch
hard, forcibly, 162; 3.

tehililika, d. tehitchi‘lilika young or little bird of the forest, 95, 4. 145, 5.
Dim. of tehililiks, q. v.

tehililiks, d. tehitchililiks little or young bird of any species, 145, 5.:
teh. skti’lelam the brood of the lark, 100, 8. 101, 17.

tchilkétkish, d. tehitchalkétkish large tub, vat.

tchi/lza, d. tchitchalya (1) v. trans., to set down, deposit, place upon. Ct.
shitchalshui. (2) v. intr., to bend down, stoop, as tor picking up something.
Der. tehfa. Cf tehélya.

tehilzia, d. tehitchdlyia to deposit, place, set on the floor or ground, 113, 3.

tehilla, Mod. tehila; d. tchftchla (1) to side with, to stand on somebody’s
side; to be friends, to be on terms of friendship, 21, 4. Cf. Nushaltkagakni.
(2) to help, assist, sustain. Der. tehfa. Cf. shftchla, shitchlala.

Tehillakash, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake girl.

440 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tchilluydga, tchiloydga, d. tehitchiluydga boy between ten and fifteen ;
young man while unmarried, 90, 19. 182; 10.186; 54. Dim. tehfluish, q. v.

tchiltgipéletamna to be revived several times, to become young repeatedly
after attaining old age, 103, 11. Der. tehiala? -tka, -pélf, -tamna.

tehfluish, d. tchitchdluish boy over fifteen; young man, 186; 52. Der.
tchilla, because living still with the family. Cf. tehaki.

tchiluyéya, d. tchitchaluyéza to brawl, halloo; to make noise, to be noisy.

tchima-a, tch{mma-a to play the string- or tchima-ash game, as described
80, 7-12. It is mostly played by females.

tchfima-ash, tchi/mma-ash (1) string with two weighted ends med in
the tchima-ash game; the playmates try to catch it after it is thrown up
in the air, 80, 9.10. (2) the string-game itself. Cf. Note to III, p. 81.

tchimé, tchi’mi, abbr. tchi’m, adv., right here, just here: tch. gépke! come
here! tchi’m i-i shnuki! pl. tehimi at shnikat! come and take hold of !
tchimi gfta right at this place; tchimi ish shatuayi! come here and help me!
Der. tchf. Quot. under shiloatcha.

tchiména, t’shimana, d. tehitchména, tehitchmana to be or become a wid-
ower, 82, 4.; partic. tchimantko, t’shimii’ntko (a) widower; (b) Tchi-
mii’ntko, nom. pr. mase. KI. and Mod.: Steamboat Frank, a Modoe warrior,
is known by this name; he acted as a scout for the detachment of soldiers
which captured the chief Jack or Kintpuash; cf. 44, 1-4. For a bio-
graphic notice of him, see 55, 8-18. and Notes.

tchimtash, d. tchitchamtash (1) small sore on skin: scab, itch, pimple,
scurf. (2) any disease producing sores, eruptions: measles ete.

tchimtatko, tehimditko, d. tchitchamtatko (1) afflicted with scab, itch,
sores. (2) pimple-faced, covered with pustules or marks of pustules.

tcehin, for tehi na or tchi ni thus I, 22, 21.

tehiniksh, d. tehftchéniiksh musquito.. IK. for tsfniish Mod.

tchinézam, pl. timi tch. (1) a species of pond-lily, the seeds of which
are unpalatable: Nuphar polysepalum, 75, 5. (2) wékash or pond-lily seed
not yet ripe. Of. w6kash.

tchinta, d. tchitchanta (1) to help, assist, as in warfare, on the battle-field.
Cf. tehilla. (2) to assist, sustain the opposite party in war; to be a traitor.

tehinta, adv., not far off; at a short distance.

tehilluy4ga—tchish. 441

tchintawa to turn away from; to turn the back to: tch. ndyensh to turn
one’s back to somebody; with or without ki’mat back.

tchi{pash, pl. tami tch., tchtpash-seed, a little brown seed somewhat larger
than that of the ntitak, growing on the stalk of the tchipsham-grass.
This seed is collected by the natives in baskets, and to use it as food
they make a pulp of it, 149, 5-11.; ltizitk tchi’pshash larger than the
tchipash-seed, 146, 3.

tehipashptchi looking like, resembling tchipash-seed, 148, 5.

tchipka, d. tchitchapka, v. intr. (1) to be or stand close by each other, to
Jorm a bundle or bunch of something, as of beads: partic. tchi’pkatko
something of the same nature or shape put together, united, collected in a
bunch; flocking together. Cf. shtchi’dshapka, shtchfpka. (2) to live, dwell,
stop together in the same camp, village; to be encamped together. Der. tchia.

tchipka, d. tehitchdpka to contain, to be full of, as of a liquid: kalati
dmbo tchi’pgank into a kdla-bucket containing water, 113, 2. Der. ipka.

tehipkétkish, d. tehitchapkétkish pitcher. Der. tehipka No. 2.

tchi’pkshi, 78, 13., for tchipkash-i; see tchfa.

tchipsham, the grass-stalk producing the brown tehipash-seed, 149, 5.

tchiptchima, d. tchitchAptchima to drizzle down, to come down in atoms.
Mod.; unknown to Kl. Cf. ndshindshishkanka.

tchi’sh, tsi’s, encl. tchish, tsis, abbr. -tch, -ts, additive particle used only
as postp. and connecting coordinate nouns: together with, along with,
including, inclusive of; too, also, and, 34, 1.; further, 36, 18.: E-ukshikni
shakéluk shi-izaga ydmnash, watch, sktitash tch. the Lake People when
gambling win from each other beads, horses, and blankets, 79, 1.; pits 7 also,
134, 2.; pash 4mbutch food and water, 95, 15. Cf. -tch (4), and 55, 16.
5S, 2: 81, 2-1. 100, 5. 103, 6. 7. 109; 5.13355. 6. “Teh: connects co-
ordinate sentences in 134, 18. 19. (Mod.) 141, 6.

tehi’sh (for tchf-ash), d. tchi’tchish inhabitant, settler, colonist, dweller at a
place or farm: hatak-tch a settler in that country or section; Béshtin hatak-
tchitchish white settlers in the country, 37, 4., éf. 37,16. Der. tchia.

tchi’sh (for tehi-ish), d. tchi’tchish home: (1) settlement, camp, encampment;
night-camp, 29, 16.; assemblage of wigwams, 85, 13.: wigatain tch. near his
lodge or encampment, 128, 8.; tech. gatpna to reach one’s home, 131, 6. cf.
89, 5; pia tehfa tchishzeni he, she is at home; Mo‘dokisham lakiam tchi’-

442 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

shtat (nad) géna we went to the residence of the Modoc leader (he was then in
Wright’s cave), 38, 14.; tchi’shtala towards home, 85, 12. 96, 7.; shash
tehi‘shyeni i’tpampélank having brought them back home, 96, 8.; ef. méa-
klaks (2). (2) wigwam, lodge, dwelling: tch. shnélya to burn down (his)
lodge, 85, 13.; tehi’shi in the lodge, at home, 105, 3. It stands for corner
or place in a lodge, 111, 21. (8) village, town. _ Der. tehia. Cf. tehfwish.

tchishiwatko, d. tehitch’shiwatko warped by fire or sun heat.

tehishka ¢o dislocate, hurt: pala tch. to hurt one’s liver, 120,2 Der. tehia.

tcehishkidsha, d. tchitchashkidsha to form an eddy, whirlpool, vortex.
Cf. muigidsha, ntt’lkidsha.

tchishzizi (1) v. intr., to be fat. (2) subst., species of forest bird, small,
head black, feathers whitish; incantation 170; 59. Cf. nen, tehAshlaksh

tchissa, 17, 17.; for tchi sha: “‘thus they”.

Tehitak, nom. pr. fem. K1: “Bushy-Haired”. Cf. tehitaksh.

tehitaksh, tehitoks (1) teh, pl. ttimi teh., dewdrop, dew. (2) tch., d.
tchitchtoks, adj., curly-haired; having bushy, snarly hair; metaphoric term
recalling the round shape of the dewdrops. ~ Der. itza. Cf. ndshokdlatko.

tchitu, tsito, d. tehitchéto (1) to remain without offspring, to be sterile. (2)
subst., sterile woman.

tchitehiks! be silent! shut your mouth! shut up! lit. “so so!” 119, 15:
tch a hit gi! let that thing alone! 96,15 Der. teht.

tehitehulak, pl. timi tch., wren; possibly the western house-wren,
Troglodytes Parkmanni. Onomatop.

tchif’nléya to pur, as eats. Cf. shii’lya.

tchiutchiush, 154; 10.; d. of tché-ush, q v.

tehiutehiwiish, a prettily colored little bird supposed to have the
power of producing snow, 170; 60. Onomatop.

Tehiutehiwiishamtch, nom. pr. of a mountain, Upper Klamath Lake.

tchiwa, d. tehitchua to form a body or sheet of water: éEwaga shtani weké-
tash tech. the pond is full of green frogs; é-ush tehiwa! the lake is brimful
of water! 122, 12, cf. 13. Der. iwa. Cf. éwa, néwa, péwa, tchéwa.

tcehiwiza, d. tehitchufza to sit or stay inside, 60, 5. 112, 8.; to live or
dwell in; to inhabit: latchashtat, stina’shtat teh. to live in a house, lodge.

Der. tehia. Cf. shnetchucktekittch, tchizdga.

tchishiwatko—tchlakaga. 443

tchiwish, d. tehitchuish former settlement or encampment; camp or village
abandoned, 22, 1.; former lodge, 85, 14. Der. tehia. Cf pléntant, tehi’sh.

tchiwish, d. tehitchuish standing water; little spring or pond. Der.
tchiwa. Cf. éwaga, Tchii’kéle-Tstwish.

tchiwititikaga, a little, twittering bird with a red or yellow ring
around its neck, 157; 39. Dim. tchuititi, q. v.

tehkash, encl. tchkash, additive particle placed after the noun to which
it refers; differs from tchish only by referring to temporal succession:
moreover, in addition to, besides, also, too: na-Cntch tech. another man besides,
22, 16. 18 ; na’sh tech. another one also, 112, 10.; 1 tchkash i you also, 75,
13.; Ké-udshidmtchkash Gray Wolf also, 113, 9. and Note; pi tchkash he,
she also, 113, 18. 119, 7. Contr. from tehékash. Cf. tchish, tche’ksh (2),
And 8340 88h 10194958, 112, 8a lias 7 144, 1.

tehkawa, d. tehkéshkua fo be cold; said of water and liquids only: Amba
a tch. the water is cold. Der. ska (1).

tchkif’la, pl. témi tch., a sort of seed-fan or paddle made of willow
branches. Cf. pa’hla, tia, tchakéla.

tehktle, tehzaye, Mod. for skile, sziye, KI., q. v.

tehzashcétko, d. tehatchzashctko (1) wrigated land or meadow; green,
wet meadow. (2) marsh, marshy ground, Mod. Der. tehfzi. Cf. hfuhiush.

tehze-utchzé-uptchi, adj., showing a color-shade between blue and
purple; term applied to some sorts of mantles, blankets ete.: lit. “jay-
colored”. Der. tehze-utchzé-ush, -ptchi.

tehye-utchzé-ush, tszii-utszi’-ush blue-yjay, Steller’s jay, a bird of the
mountains: Cyanura Stelleri frontalis ; incantation, 170; 61. Onomatop.

tehlakddsha, d. tchatchlkAdsha to scratch with the finger-nails or claws ;
to scratch: papkash tch. to scratch on the wooden wall; tch. ansh I scratch
myself, Of. shatchlyAmia, tchlika.

tehlakatehna, d. tehatch’lkétchna; same as tchlakadsha, q. v.

tchlakédsha, d. tehatechlkédsha; same as tchlakadsha, q. v.

tehlaldla, d. tchatehélila to roast, broil on hot coals. Cf. nékla, tehilala.

tehla‘lya, d. tehlatchla’lza to sink to the ground: pitakmini tch. to be
drowned ov to drown oneself, 127, 12. Cf. kttshna.

tehlakdga, d. tehlatchlkaga to jump on the throat or body; said of wild
beasts, 144, 11. and Note.

444 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tehli’pka, d. tehétchlpka to scratch the face.

tehligdtehktcha, d. tehitchlagétchktcha to pinch continually, to keep on
pinching, 118, 5. Der. tchlika.

tchlika, d. tehftchlya K1., tchitchlaka Mod. (1) to pinch with the finger-
nails or claws. (2) to hold fast, to grasp.

tchlikélak, d. tchitchlakélak sparrow-hawk: Falco sparverius ; lit. “the
pincher”. Der. tchlika.

Tsliitoiksh “Eyelids Upturned”, nom. pr. fem. K1.

tcehlitofzi, d. tehitchl’tofzi to turn inside out; to turn up, as eyelids:
tchlitofyipksh ]f’lp gfitko having the eyelids upturned; shuckalsh tch. to
tuck up the sleeves.

tehliuyigdétkish, d. tehitchluyiigétkish slit in the pocket-knife blade,
to facilitate its opening. Cf. tchlika, uyéga.

tehlizyatko, tslézatko, d. tchutchlézatko (1) slick, smooth, polished;
slippery. (2) level, even, plane. Cf. shnutchliktagia.

tehmekoléash, d. tehmetchm’koléash, a bird popularly called “prairie
hawk”; perhaps the prairie falcon: Falco polyagrus.

tchmittya, tchmdya, d. tchotchmuya, v. intr., to taste sowr, to be of a sour,
acrid taste. Cf. tehmii’Thak.

tehmfiiytzatko, d. tehutchmuytkatko sour; of sour taste.

tehmo’k, tsmi’k smell of rotten fish: tsmo’k pi'luitk smelling like putrid
fish, 146, 7. 148, 15.

tcehmdézaltko, pl. timi tch.; same as shmdkaltko, q. v.

tch’mi’ka, d. tchi’tch’mka K1, techutechmtka Mod., v. impers., 7 is dark,
obscure: ka-& teh. pshin the night is pitch-dark. Cf. pushpushli.

tehmit/ksh, tchémi‘kash, d tehd’tchmiksh darkness, obscurity.

tehmit’lhak, Mod. techmi-ilak, pl. timi tch., red wild-currant, a species of
Ribes. Der. tchmiya.

tehmifi’tch, d. tehtitchmatch (1) lean, raw-boned. Cf. papatkawatko. (2)
Tchmii’tch, nom. pr. of Frank Riddle, a white settler on the headwaters °
of the Klamath River and interpreter during the Modoc war. He is
mentioned 33, 3. 34, 8. 36, 12. 15. 38, 5. 8. 13. 41, 20-22. 54, 16.; ef.
40, 19. 42, 16. and Introd. to the Texts, p. 6. Cf. Skakawash. Several
other persons are called by the same name.

tehnipal, tsnfpal, tslfpal, d. tehitchnpal, tsitsnpal (1) shoulder-blade of man;

_—*

tchlapka— Tchpintksakshi. 445

often used for shoulder, 24,1. (2) largest wing-feathers of bird. Of. lapak-
lash, shétashtyapksh, shne’ktchigsh.

techdéya, d. tehotchdya, v. intr., to melt; same as tchttya No. 2, q. v.

tchdéke, tchdke, pl. timi tch., pumice-stone, a volcanic rock found in pro-
fusion in the shape of gravel, knolls and boulders throughout the Klamath
Uplands: nénutko (kiiila) tchéke fields covered with pumice-stone gravel.

Tcehédkeam-Psi’sh, nom. pr. of a camping-place on Klamath Marsh;
lit. “Pumicestone Nose”.

tchokéyaltko (1) covered with pumice-stone. (2) where gravel is formed
by this mineral only, as in many tracts along the Cascade Range:
covered with gravel. Der. tchdke.

tchékpa, d. tehutchdékpa, v. intr., to drip down; said, e. g., of melting
snow, ice. Cf. tchttya No. 2.

tehd’kshash, usually abbr. tchi’ksh, tsdks, pl. ttimi tch., blackbird; a
little, gregarious bird, destructive of crops; a species of Agelaius, 180; 7.
Cf. ldlomak, tchékaga.

tchdéka, tchd’ka, tsi’za, d. tchotchdéka, tsutso’ya to perish; said of anim.
and inan. subjects, and generally referring to premature death by violence
or starvation: ki’sh tchfi’ka stépaluish pine trees fade away after peeling,
148, 22.; ndnuk ni’/natank tcht’ka all perished by blazing up, 114, 4.;
tchéyapksh tatakiash the murdered children, 110, 21., cf. 89, 1. 108, 3.
T’ch. does not refer to violent death in 134, 3. Cf. hushtchéza, k’Iéka (3),
shnutchéka, shtcht’katko, tehikapéle.

tehéktamna, d. tchotchéktamna to faint, to have a fit, to fall im a swoon.
Der. tchéka, -tamna.

tchdéteha, tchd/dsha, d. tcho’tch’tcha, v. intr., to drip down continually
from any pliant article, as from a hat, rag, cloth, blanket, from leaves
etc. Cf. tchédkpa, tchitya No. 2.

tchpal, tspal; same as spal, q. v.

tchpinu, d. tehpftchp’nt tribal or family burial-ground, 85, 4. Cf. ibéna,
p’nana, p’nankish, vumf (3).

tchpinuala, d. tchpitchp’nuala to bury in a tribal or family cemetery, 85, 1.

Tehpintksakshi, nom. pr. of a locality near the Williamson River:
lit. “‘at the burial ground”. Cf. P’nanksi.

446 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tehua, d. tehudtchua, a small bird not specified. Onomatop.

tehuda, pl. ttmi teh., ‘water potato”, eatable root of the arrow-leaved Sagit-
taria sagittifolia and S. variabilis, growing throughout Oregon and the
larger part of the United States at the bottom of ponds and lakes; col-
lected by the women of the western tribes, who catch them between the
toes while standing in water waist-deep, then roasted, baked or fried,
149, 12—14. and\Note: tsualii’mi “in the water-potato season”; viz: early
in the spring, before the sprouting of the grass. Called wapatu in
Chin. J. Cf. Tehuayé'ni.

tehuaish, tehud-ish, d. tchatchuish (1) black vulture of large size, head
light-colored, or reddish; seems to be identical with the skdlos, q. v.; in-
cantation, 170; 62. (2) bald-headed species of buzzard.

tsuak, pl. timi ts. the eatable portion of a plant found around Upper
Klamath Lake; deseribed 149, 15.

tchuakéna, d. tsatsuakéna jackass rabbit, cotton-tail rabbit; a species of
Lepus, small in size, with white tail. Cf. kd-i, ktikuish, nkii’1.

Tehuayé@ni, Tsuazéna, nom. pr. of (1) a settlement of the Snake In-
dians in Sprague River Valley; lit. ““Wapatu-Place”. (2) Chewaukan
Marsh, an extensive marshy tract in the northeastern part of the Kla-
math reservation. Of. Note to 149, 12.

tchuadlam, the red-flowered plants producing the tchud or wApatu-root,
q. v.: Sagittaria sagittifolia and S. variabilis, 149, 14.

tsuam, pl. timi ts., species of sucker-fish, about three feet long, with hump
on the top of the snout; caught in the lakes of the Klamath Highlands
and in the Williamson River: Chasmistes luwatus, Cope, 180; 14.: tsua-

‘in the tsudm-sucker season”, a period of the year corresponding to

the first half of April. Cf yé’n, udshéksh.

mii mi

tsucégatko, d. tsetsuégatko strong, powerful; said of tissues, ropes.

tsuv’hitsd’hli, d. tsutswhltsi’hli having a flat or level but coarse, rugged
surface, as hewn stones. Cf. tehliyatko.

tehui, tstti, temp. conj., hereupon, after that, afterwards, then; subsequently,
hereafter: \e\tki htink, tehtti hemézen he looked at it, then said, 126, 8.;
tchtti tehi’k and afterward, 65, 15. When connecting two or more prin-

cipal clauses it corresponds to our then, and, and to French puis; and

tehua—tehtyesh. 447

(with tehttyunk) it is the usual particle met with in historic narratives;
tsti lalaki waltka hereupon the headmen deliberated, 65,14. Exceptionally
it is found abbr. into tchf, tsi. Cf. kléwiank (under k’léwi).

tsuina, tehtina, vulgar form of shuina, 70, 3. and Note; 90, 12.

tchutiti, tsiéti, d. tsitsiati (1) red berry of wild rose, dog-rose. (2) abbr.
of tchtitiam, q_v.

Tsuitidkshi, nom. pr. of a locality on the Sprague River overgrown
with tehtitiam or dog-rose bushes. Contr. from tsttitiam-kshi.

tehttitiam, d. tehitchtatiam (1) dog-rose bush, a thorny plant, the stalk
of which is used for the manufacture of arrows: Rosa californica. (2)
arrow made of this wood. Cf. nté’ktish, tehtiti.

tehwititi, tchiwititi, pl. tami tch., Ailldeer, a small aquatic bird of the
plover family, grayish white with black ring around neck: Azgialitis
vociferus. English and Indian name onomatopoetic. Cf. tchiwititikaga.

tehtitchiga, d. tehutchitchiga to be incandescent; to be at white or red
heat. Cf. tehuitchuili.

tehtitehiks, d. tehttchitchiks strawberry.

tehvitchiksham, d._ tehutchitchi‘ksam (1) strawberry-plant. (2) a
species of plant resembling the strawberry-plant.

tchuitehwtili, tehivitchuili, d. tehutchtitchuili, adj., sorrel, reddish yel-
low, a darker shade than ka-uké-uli.

tehttya, d. tehutchtya fo smash, break, as glass.

tehttya, tchdya, d. tchutchédya Mod., tehutchdya, tchutchdéya, tsutsii’ya
K1., v. intr., to melt, dissolve; said of snow, ice. Ixl. prefers the d. form;
cf. stilya No. 1, tehdkpa, tchutche-itampka, tchutchéya, tchutchey¢ga.

tehtyamna, d. tchutchiamna to swim about below the water's surface, as a
fish. Cf. kidsha, ttryamna.

tehtityesh, tsuye’sh, d. tchitchiésh, any covering for the head: headwear,
hat, cap, sombrero, 112, 18. 138, 2.; mi at teh. ta’ your hat lies there. The
various kinds of hats, partly obsolete at the present time, are described
under kiuks, ktimal, mukash (1), pt’kalsh, szi’l (under skél), vilal,
witchkina. The kdltam tech. is made of otter skin and shaped like our
caps; the lash tech. a headdress, around which feathers are stuck up for
adornment; the tehé-usam tech a headcover adorned with the tails of the
tché-ush woodpecker, q. v. Cf naggdya, patash, sttlash.

448 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

tchuyeshaltko, d. tehutchieshaltko (1) possessed of a headcover, KI.
(2) dressed in headgear; wearing a hat or cap, Mod.: viniam mba-ush
tchutchi-eshaltko they were dressed in caps or hats made of elkskin, 90, 17.

tchuyétko, d. tehutchi¢tko wearing a headcover, headdress, hat or cap,
181, 1.: tehuyétk Yamsham nitish using North Wind’s head as headcover,
111,19. Cf. tehé-ush, tehuyeshaltko.

tchuydéma, d. tehutchio’ma to be idle, to lounge about. Cf. yampka.

tchuyémash, d. tchutchiii’mash idler, lounger. Ct. yAmpkash.

tcehtyuk, conj. composed of tehtti bik, tstii hf’k and used in the same
signification as tchui, q. v, when the verb following indicates an action
performed in sight of the one speaking, 24, 11. 68, 3.10. 73, 4. 8. 96, 10.

tchtiyunk, conj. composed of tehtti hink, tstii htink, having the signifi-
cation of tchui, q. v., when the verb following it contains an action per-
formed or a state of things observed at a distance from or unseen by the
real or supposed speaker, 94, 4. 6. 95, 1. 131, 1. 5. 132, 7. After tehdi,
tch. is the most frequent conj. connecting portions of historic narratives,
but more in KI. than in Mod. Cf. at (2) (8).

tchtyupiksh, d. tehutchit’piksh, species of a little, round, black bug.

tsi’k, tehik, pl. timi ts., species of grass producing a seed gathered and
eaten by Indians: tstk’himi, tchukii’mi ‘in the tsi’k-seed ripening time”,
a period corresponding to the middle of our month of July.

tehttk, tstik, adv., then there; finally, at last out there, the infixed -u-, -hu-,
pointing to local distance: sésatui tcht’k watsat and they bartered them out
there for horses, 20, 19.; tsk at then at last, 83,5; tehik géknank finally
assuing, 128, 5. Der. tehé’k.

tehtika, d. tchtitchka to swim up the river: tch. kéke to swim against the
current ; kiiim tchtikaé shétma they call the fish to swim up stream, 135, 4.

tchit’kapéle, d. tehtitchzapéle (1) to perish again. (2) to disappear, van-
ish again, repeatedly: paishash teh. the cloud (or clouds) disappears. Der.
tchéka, -péli. Cf. hudshdltka.

teht’ksh, tso’ks, Mod. tchékash; d. tchtitchtiksh, Mod. techotchdézash Jeg,
122, 23.; tch. tapfitni hind leg, hind quarter ; cf. tapitni; teh. kéwatko having
a leg broken, fractured; ts’t’'ks toks ké-usht but when a leg is broken, 71, 7.5
wunipa tso’ks gi’tk a quadruped, 145, 2.; Atini Tch’t’ks “ Long-Legs”,

tehuyeshaltko—tehutm. 449

nom. pr. fem. Mod.; teht’kshtka shzt’tka he crossed her on his legs, 123, 1.
Cf awdélésh (Mod.), Nzitsd-Tsti’ks, pe’tch, pt’shaklish.

tehwkshtm fea or coffee pot, made of tinware.

tchiktzyaga, d. tehutchaktyaga to try, attempt, endeavor. Cf. k¢éko.

tchuktzyakdanka, d. tehutchaktzakanka to try by repeated efforts, to at-
tempt many times: Shashapamtch hataktal kutéguk teh. Old Grizzly tried
hard to crawl in through there, 121, 16.

tsuktstkli, tehdktchokli, d. tsutsiktsukli pure, clean, neat, free of spots:
ts. Ambti pure water; ts. shuldtish clean dress. Cf. yaliali.

tchuza, tehtka, d. tchutchza; see tchdka.

tchuzatyza, d. tehutchdzatza to be restless, nervous, excited, 179; 6. and
Note. Cf. tehiktyzaga

tehttlash, d. tehutchdlash calf of leg. Cf. eh tehileksh.

tchulékaga, d. tehutchlékaga body or corpse of child: snawédshkilam
Klékatk tehbulii’‘kag corpse of girl. Dim. tehileksh.

tchtléksh, tsdleks, tehule’ks, d. tehutchleks (1) flesh, muscles on body:
watchim teh. horse flesh, 85, 8.; maklaksti teh. human flesh, 1138, 6.;
palpal-tcheftko white person, cf. pélpali; mimi tehileks eitko thick-set
Jellow, a sobriquet given to German settlers by the Modocs; tsulii’ks-sitk
flesh-like, 73, 7. (2) meat, 113, 9. 119, 11-14. 1%. 22.: teh. tchildla to
boil meat; tch. pan to eat meat, 91, 1. 119, 16. 134, 22.; teh. liThankshti
venison, 113, 7. Cf. kiuldla, pilui (2). (8) human or animal body, alive or
dead, 73, 5. 6. 142, 9.: Klékatk tech. snawédsham corpse of woman.

tehulidga, tsulidk, tsuli‘k, d. tehutchlidga (1) little shirt. (2) little gar-
ment, coat or dress: mba-ush tech. small buckskin gown. Dim. tehilish.

tehtlish, tehtlish, d. tehitchlish (1) shirt: kitechkitchli tch. woolen shirt:
pushaklish pani tsulish uba-ush skin shirt reaching or covering the upper
part of the leg; tech. shidshka to take off one’s shirt, 95, 2. Quot. under
pnatak. (2) coat, dress: mba-ush teh. buckskin coat.

tehtlla, d. tchutchdlla to have cramps. Cf. lulilish.

tst’lpas, a large-sized fish found in the lakes of the Klamath Highlands;
not palatable, 180; 14.

tcehuilui, d. tehutchdlui, tehitchélui to swim, Mod. Cf. tcheléwa, tehtika.

tehtim, ady., same as tchimé, with infixed -u- pointing to local distance.
29

450 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Mod.: nanuk a gité vuishink wi Ampotat, nti tech. pdé-uta (or péwat a)
though there are all kinds of snakes in this water, I will bathe init. Cf. tehuk.

tsf’mtsak, tchimsaz, d. tsitsamtsak, tall species of brushwood, used for
arrows and growing around the Klamath agency buildings.

tchunika, the eatable, bulbous part of some plant, 149, 17. 18.

tchtinua, d. tchutchdnua to throw up, to vomit. Quot. under tehékéli.

tehtinukish d. tehutchdnukish producing vomit, emetic: ki-idshi tehinu-
kish poisonous ; said of fruits, plants; lit..‘‘a bad emetic”.

tstipinksh, d. tsti’tspinksh bow made from the tsupinksham-tree or bush.

tstipinksham, d. tsi’tspinksham, a tree or bush with red or reddish
wood and cedar-shaped leaves; bows were made from this tree, which
has become scarce. It is sometimes called yew in the West, but seems
to be Juniperus libocedrus.

tst’/pkish, tehf’pksh (1) sturgeon-like fish found in the Klamath water-
basins; incantation 177; 33. (2) soft entrails of this fish, used in fasten-
ing arrow-heads.

tchuishak, tsf’ssak always, ever, all the time, continually, perpetually, 60, 21.
66, 11. 77, 3. 78, 3. 12. 85, 10. 99, 8.: teh. shila to suffer with a chronic dis-
ease; tch. pdka to be an habitual smoker; tch. tatamnuish vagrant, tramp ;
tsiissak séllual they fought all the time, 19, 1.; nd-asht tst’ssak (for ts. gi)
they always speak so, 65,-10.; at ti’ tst’ssak ever since, 99, 8.

tchd’shni, adj. used adverbially, forever, for a perpetuity: tch. wii’mpéle
he always was well again, 73, 9.; kii’m Wleké tech. fish die and remain
dead forever, 130, 1.; tsfishni’ m’sh ni skuyt’shkuapk forever I shall
separate her from you, 60, 19. 61, 2. Cf. tehtshnini

tehi’shniak, adj., also used adverbially, forever; unceasingly, 139, 8.

tehtishnini, d. tehutchashnini perpetual, lasting for ages, everlasting: tch.
slankosh, 33, 3., mentioned under shlankdsh, Tilhudntko, q. v.; ka-i na‘d

’ tehfissni’ni mdklaks we men are not immortal, 64, 16.

tehtta, d. tchutchita to administer help in sickness; to treat, nurse, doctor ;
said of conjurers only, 72, 2. 73, 2. 8. This includes the singing of songs
by the conjurer, his assistant and the chorusing public, which mainly con-
sists of women, 64, 1. 2.: tsutish gi/ntak in spite of being treated by a con-
jurer, 68, 7. Der tehia, by synizesis of tchitita. Cf. tchutatka.

tstiimtsak— U. 451

tchuitanhuya, d. tchutchtanhtiya fo treat, nurse for a certain time, for a
while, 65,19. Der. tchiténa.

tchutanish, d. tehutchtanish one who treats or doctors a patient; or while
treating etc., 71, 3. 5.; see tchtténa.

tehutansha, d. tchutchtansha fo go out for curing the sick; to go visiting
a patient, 68, 4. Der. tchiiténa.

tehutatka, d. tchutchatatka to squat. Der. tchita.

tchuténa, tchitna, d. tchutchdténa to treat a patient; to administer help,
to try a cure; said of conjurers, 65, 18. 71, 8. 72, 1.; nti tehiténan ke’kish
heshudmpéli this person was cured by my treatment; liukidmnank tchitcht-
nishash crowding around the manipulating (conjurer), 71, 5. Der. tehuta.

tchuténdtkish, d. tehutchténdtkish apparatus, tool or article used in
treating the sick, 73, 1.

tchutila, d. tehutchtila, tsitstila (1) to sit under something; to be below,
to stay or lie underneath. Speaking of many subjects, liutila, wawatila.
(2) prep. and postp., below, underneath: ktayat tstitila wnder the rocks,
30; 12. Der. tchia.

tchutchak (d. tstitsatsak), pl. timi tch., species of squirrel burrowing in
the ground, fur gray or bluish-gray: shléa hitnank shnika tch. the lyn
rushes wp and catches a squirrel; tst'tskam snii‘lash squirrel-hole, 24, 13.;
tchi’tchkam fwam, cf. fwam (1).

tst’tsaptstiks, a kind of bead for neckwear, thicker in the middle than
at both ends. Cf tehakptchi (2).

tchutche-itampka; same as tchutcheyéga, q. v.

tchutchéya, d. tchut’tchii’ya, v. intr., to melt, dissolve, K1.: wé’sh tech.
the ice is melting. Absol. form tchtiya unfrequent in K1.

tchutcheyéga to commence to melt; said of snow, ice: wé’sh tchutchi-
yéga the ice begins to melt. KI. Absol. form tehuyéga unfrequent in KI.

tehutehua, tchutchda, pl. timi tch., to croak; said of the white-headed
eagle, 162; 4. Onomatop.

qf

This vowel is pronounced either clear (w) or dumb (%), forms diphthongs,
frequently interchanges with o (especially the long 0) with hu, vu, w and
wu, and words not found here must be looked for under H, O, V, W. I

452 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

have written « before consonants, 7 before wu (vu-) and w before the other

vowels, wa-, wii-, we-, wi-, wo-. A prefix u- refers to one long-shaped

article, including animate beings; cf Introductory words to A and I;

another prefix u-, which is the adverb hu, q. v., refers to height, to local

or to temporal distance. Terms with initial u-, vua- w- show a distribu-

tive reduplication, which is either monosyllabic or dissyllabie

u, ti, t’, 0’; same as hu, hii adv., gq. v. Usually suffixed to other terms, u
does not occur often as a separate word: kanitala n’sh ti shlewitaknila?
who then is blowing out of my mouth? 153; 3.; nt ai shuina u watsag I the
dog am singing in the distance, 177; 4. Occurs as an affix in génu, gé-u,
i-u, taménu, tamu, tchilamnu.

udtehna, u-dAtchna; for huhdtehna, d. of htidshna, q. v.

ubd-ush, ubii’-ush; same as mba-ush, q. v.

udékash, d.ude-udékash golden plover. Onomatop. from its note, “udék”.

udélgatko, d. ude-uddlgatko speckled, spotted, dotted over ; studded with
various colors, striped, 175; 14.: u. skintch yellow-jacket wasp.

Udiltalsh, nom. pr. of a Klamath Lake man

udinténa, d. udi-uddnténa to beat, asadrum. Der. tintan. Cf bambam.

udinténdétkish, d udi-udanténdtkish drum-stick.

udita, uditta, d. udi-udéta; same as vud’hita, q. v.

udokétkish, udazétkish, d. udo-udyétkish ; same as vutukdétkish, q. v.

udtiyua, d. udi’duyua (1) to beat, bruise with a stick or club; to whip:
watchdga u. to whip a dog. (2) to conquer in battle, 18, 1.2. Cf. sktipma.
(3) to win at a game, to be the winner; when used in the passive, to lose, to
be the loser: udtiwisham i‘'yaguk ninuk having won everything staked by
the losers, 79, 6. he original signification of u. is reciprocal. :

udtiimkanka, d. udtidamkanka to swim habitually, to live in the water ;
said of aquatic animals, 145, 9.

udimkua, d. udéddamkua, vudédamkua to swim over, to cross by swim-
ming: kéketat wu to swim across a river.

udumlaléna, d. udidamlaléna to swim away on the water's surface ;
with or without Ambutat.

udumtehna, vudt’mtchna, d. udi/damtchna to swim about on the water's

surface. Cf. kidsha, tiyamna,. tchtiyamna.

Tn neat tem ae 453

udumulipka, d. udtidamulipka to swim away from the shore towards, as
towards a canoe; said of the mink leaving the shore, 156; 29.

udtpka, vuddépka, wutépka, d. udu-udapka, udaidapka (1) to beat, strike,
whip, give blows, bruise with a stick or club, 59, 9. 12. 73, 5.: titatna u.
hissudksh snawii’dsh m’na sometimes a man beats his wife, 61, 19. ef. 62, 1.:
wudi’pka mikshatka tchi’ksh she struck the leg with the skullcap, 128, 2.
(2) to defeat in battle, to conquer, vanquish.

udtpkpa, uddpkpa, d. udtidapkpa to beat, strike with a club or stick:
kda u. to beat mercilessly, 61, 20.

udshaksh, vudsaks, pl. timi u., a fish belonging to the sucker or Cata-
stomidae family; popularly called whitefish, smaller than the vinai. In
the middle of March this fish is caught in profusion, but in Lost River
only: udshaksii’mi in the whitefish season, ct. 15, 21.; paha u. they dry the
whitefish, 74, 1.; péahatk u. dried whitefish. Der. utcha-ika. Cf. ye'n,
kamalsh, tsudm.

udshdaksalsha to take whitefish annually or habitually, cf. 75, 21.

udshidshi, vudshidshi, vutchitchi, d. u-udshidshi, vu-utchitchi to chop,
split, as logs, wood, stumps of trees: tim udsi’tsi dnku 7 splits large quan-
tities of wood, 178; 10. Cf. ukata, utchaya.

udshiklya, d. udshi-udshaklya to fall when stumbling ; to stumble and fall.

udshipa, utchipa to draw out, to pull out; said of one long-shaped object:
ki u. to take off the key. Speaking of more than one object, idshfpa. Cf.
ludshipa, shulshipa.

udshitehdétkish, d. u-udshitchétkish heavy ax for felling trees. Der.
udshidshi. Cf. shlakétkish.

ué, Uu-€; see we.

ug’ hii’plya to build an Indian summer-lodge. Ct. uképélaksh.

u’hliteha, whlidsha to shake oui, as liquids, 128, 3.

uwhlopdtana, whldptna, d. ulolopatana, Whldloptna, v intr., to produce
a burn or wound while coming in contact with the body; said of nettles. Cf.
lupatkucla, tékteka, upata.

whltitua, d. ubl’lilatua to let a dress, garment or blanket reach the ankles
or fect. Der. léviita, in the form lita.

whlutuina, d uh’lulatuina to drag along, train behind, as a gown: to
wear a garment, walk around in a blanket trailing on the ground, 189; 6

454 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ti-itcehna, 6é-idshna, hi-itchna, d. u-vitchna, t-i’tsna to advance in front file,
to proceed in front line, 30,11. Der. hidshna. Different from 6-itchna.

tiya, dya, 6-i to give, present, bestow; said of one long-shaped article, as
a pole, bow, arrow, long knife, stick of tobacco, 189; 1; k4é-i mish ni
é-it nfi tidsi’wa I do not like to give you, 136, 1. (for ké-i nf tidsi’wa
mish nd 6-it), ef. 136, 2. Speaking of more than one article: yani,
shewana. Cf. kshtya, liya.

tiyamna, d. u-i’amna, v. trans., referring to one long-shaped or anim.
object: (1) to seize, take hold of; to hold in one’s hand: pia htnk ti. ldloks-
gish he held a rifle in his hand. Cf. Note to 34,10. (2) to carry about; to
take one person along with: tyamnank nt¢-ish gé-u taking my bow along,
136, 2.; sikénitgi’k pi‘la tyamnatk being provided with a small pistol only,
19, 6.—Speaking of more than one object, f-amna.

uyéga, d. u-uyéga (1) to lift up, raise one long object; partic. uyézitko
high-grown, tall; lit. “lifted up”, ‘‘raised”: ko’sh mini uy¢zitk kapka the
pine is taller than the kdpka-pine. (2) to lift up something long in the
middle. Cf. kshufyi, luyéga, shuyéga, winfzi.

uyésh, d. uyé-uyash, other form for wiesh, q. v.

uyozatko, uyokatko, d. uyo-uyoyatko striped, as calico; streaked.

uytga, other pronunciation of wi-uka, d. of wika, q. v. Cf. éwa (2).

uytika, d. u-uytka, iiyéka to shave, to shear, to clip. Cf. ktuytiga, shuydka.

-uk, -fk (1) for huk, hfik, pron. dem., q. v. (2) for huk, hiik, adv., q. v.
(3), for -ak, only, just, but, when suffixed to nouns: hissudkstk the has-
band alone without a companion, 83, 1. Cf. hak.

ukagétkish, d. uka-ukgétkish scoop made of deer’s horn to clean fish.

uka’sh, d. uka’-ukash marble: the d. form also signifies quarte-rock, Mod.

ukdta, ugata, d. uka-ukaéta (1) to cut, to cut down. (2) to chop, split, as
wood, a rail, log—Speaking of more than one long object, vuldédsha.
Der. kata. Cf. kétchka, udshidshi, vuka.

ukdé-ukua, d. uka-ukékua to knock, rap with a stick. Cf. tka-ukua.

uképélaksh slab lodge; wigwam constructed of boards. Der. ug hii'plza.

ukéwa, ukii’wa, d. ukii-ukii’wa, v. trans., referring to one long-shaped
object: (1) to mash, break, break to pieces. Cf. ukatkosh. (2) to break
down, as the branch of a shrub, tree; to break through or across with the

Weiehna—ulak’kankish. 455

foot—Speaking of more than one object: ikéwa, d. i-akéwa; kapka
i-akéwa they bend down kdpka-pines, 82,11. Cf. tékua, te-utéwa.

ukidshlin, d. uki-ukédshlin, v. intr., to blow, pass or waft through; said of
light air-drafts. Cf. wili.

uki/mtatka, v. intr., to be completely wrapped in, as in a blanket: lash
u. (or Itash a p’laf) the fog is high up in the air. Cf. aggi’ma, takima.

uko’tlaksh knot in a string or rope. Der. uko'tléka.

uko’tléka to tie a knot: nia ukédtléza I am making a knot. Der. kuata.

ikshua, d. w-Akshua; same as dkshua, q. v.

uka, ua, pl. timi u., gulch, dry river-bed, former water-course. Mod., un-
known to KI.; compare kéke, ktika river, pronounced with apheresis of
k, and Introductory words to letter K. ‘Cf. kupktpéle, paksh No. 1,
palkish, palkuish.

ukatkodsh moon in all phases, and considered as a changeable body: u
Kkléka it is new moon; lit. “the moon is dead”; u. tgélymangatko the
moon is in the first or last quarter, is crescent-shaped. Contr.-from uka-
ukuash. Der. ukéwa (1). Cf. shdpash (2), shukudshka.

Uzadé-ush, nom. pr. of a camping site at Yaneks; interpreted by
“planting a willow” (2). Cf. ukata.

tzapalksh, d. ugd-tikpalksh arrow-head chipper, generally made of
horn. Der. ukéwa.

Uzashkshi, nom. pr. of a locality at Yaneks. Der. uka’sh, -kshi.

Uzoétuash, nom. pr. of an island in Upper Klamath Lake, near its
southern end. A myth relates that U. was created from a game-stick
by K’mtkamtch, who was then playing with five sticks. From another
of these game-sticks A-ushme (q. v.) was made, another gave origin to
I-ulaléna, another to Modoe Point.

uldyue, uli/yo-i, uliiyte, d. ula-ulfyue, v. intr., fo scatter about, to run in
different directions. Of. gayte.

ulakatehktcha, d. ula-ulkatchktcha to shake the head as a gesture of
refusal. Cf. shuakatchktcha.

ulak’kdnka, d. ula-ulak’kAnka to slide over, to skate: wéshtat u. to slide,
skate on the ice. Cf. shektliléna.

ulak’kAnkish, d. ula-ulak’kdnkish (1) skater, one who is skating. (2)
whip snake, from 3 to 4 feet long.

456 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

ulak’kankoétkish, d. wa-ulak’kangétkish pair of skates.

ulakludnsha, d. wla-ulakludnsha to slide on the ice; to make an ice-slide.

ulakoldéla, d. ula-ulakoldla to slide down, as from a roof, load of hay ete.

ulaksha, d. wla-uldksha to lick, lap with the tongue, as food, water ete.

ulakshulaksha to drink, lap; said, e.g, of dogs lapping water.

ilal, UlAlkshi; same as vilal, Vuldlkshi, q. v.

ulaplpa, d. ula-uldplpa (1) to shake the ears, as quadrupeds (2) to flicker
about, as moths.

ulawa, d. uld-ulhua to watch the fish; said of fishermen spearing fish
through ice-holes. Mod. for vuln KI. Cf. yikashla.

ulai-ikanka, d. ulii-ulikAnka, v. trans., to shake, put in tremulous motion:
shléwish u. tapak the wind shakes the leaves. Cf. uli-ukshla.

ulézatko, d. ule-ulézatko pliant, flexible, easily bent. Cf. Ikan.

uléyuga, d. ulii-ulizuga to place into; to put or bring into: wéwanuish
uli’zuga yakitat the women put into their baskets, 149, 6. Der. tkuga.

ulfndshna, d. uli-uléndshna to stagger; said of old persons. Cf. tutiéna.

ulitchkanka, d. uli-uldtchkanka ¢o creep or walk straight out in the
manner of lizards, 145, 14. Cf. nfi/lidsha.

ulf-ukshla, d. uli-uld’kshla to fan, to cool by fanning. Cf. shiulina, wii.

dlkish, d. u-lggish, uwalkish slanderer, defamer. Cf. vilya, walfyish.

uldkasha, d. ulo-uldkasha (1) to rub a notched stick, as done at war
dances. (2) to dance a war-dance.

WIsh, aIshaltko, pl. timi G.; same as 6’lash, 6/Ishaltko, q. v.

un, tin, encl. particle, originally temporal and abbr. from the ady. hun,
q. v.; used extensively only by Modoes. Though not often translatable
in English, its meaning is then, sometime, ever. Its place is before the
verb in the principal clause, and in conditional sentences it is often found
in the incident clause also; with -tak, -tok of the future tense, tin is al-
most constantly connected. Ka-i na tin mal taté shapi’tak Z 2ill not tell
ye whence, 41, 5., ct. 41, 2. 15.; 126, 11.; hii’ i shma*htchdktak yainatat,
ka-i i tin késh shl¢é-etak if you let your shadow fall on the mountain you
will not find any ipo-roots, 135, 1., ef. 2.; hii tm nen hak né-ulaktak, ké-i
itn pen tata né-ulaktak ¢f you should keep this compact you will never keep
any (other) compact again, 41, 14.; ef. 40, 4. 5. 8. 11. 41, 3. 15. 21. 42, 5.

ulak’kankétkish—utamsh. 457

ina, tna, und, adv. temp. (1) in the past; a short or long time ago, 140, 2.:
tina gin (gen), t’nagin long ago, 122, 15.; dnash (for tina sha) early they,
43, 3.; tna a while ago, 141, 9, Mod.; und long ago, 186; 51. (2) yester-
day: tna pshin last night. Cf. waitéla (2). Der. un, a. :

unak, undk, adv., carly in the morning, 100, 1. 127, 1. and Note to I;
undik paka to take an early meal, 158; 54. Der. tna, ak. Cf. mbtishant

tinak, tnakaga, i’/nakak; same as vinak; vinakaga, q, v.

unakakala to give birth to a son. Der. tmakaga. Cf. p¢éyala, we'kala

unakni, undkni, adj., used also adverbially, early, matutinal ; rising at an

early hour of day: u. ktcho'l Venus as morning star. Der. una‘k.
unéga, d. u-uncéga, vy. trans., to lower, descend, let down, 87, 11. Cf. uyéga.
nip, tmipni; see vinep, viinepni.

intcheék, undshe’k, abbr. tntsé, undsii’, finds, tins, adv., some time from
now, after a while: a. nt mi’sh gi’'tchaluapk a while after this I will bite
you in the hair, 119, 5.; wndsii’ ni né-ulakuapk after a while T will have
(her) tried in court, 65, 1.; undshé’k tché’k finally after some time, 113, 7.;
undsé’ks sometime, 136, 5.; tnds mbisant some time neat day, 136, 4. 144,
8.; undsét, 136, 8. ‘for untse’k at; cf. 70, 4. 137, 1. 2. 144, 5. and Note
tOmla GA pe Wers ume tele.

u-d6hu, term used as refrain at the end of men’s songs. Mod. Cf. 1a.

upandétkish, d. u-apandétkish, a sort of dip-net. Cf. pana.

upadta, upa’ta, d. u-upata fo wound with a long article, or by scratching.

upatia, d. u-upatia to inflict a wound upon a person with a long-shaped
weapon, implement; partic. updtiantko slashed; scarred. Cf. lupatkuéla,
mpamptia, Whlopatana.

upatndétkish, d. upa-upatnétkish hammer; mallet.

isha, t’sha, d. t-tisha to lie, to be extended over or along; said of inan. sub-
jects of long shape: kashma kiiilatat usha the kashma-plant grows extended
over the ground, 146, 7. Cf. 147, 5. and kshtisha, isha.

ushika, d. ushi-ushika, v. impers., it blows a gentle breeze. Mod.

ushikshka, d. ushi-ushikshka, Kl. for ushika Mod., q. v.

utdma, udama, wudama, d. udaé-ud’ma to cover up: télish wudamatko the
Jace is covered, 87, 13.; to cover, as a tub or vase. Cf. waldsha.

utamsh cover of a receptacle, vase or pot.

458 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

utdtehkia, hutatchkia, vutatchkia to put a cover upon; to cover, as against
rain; said, e. g., of the smoke-hole of a lodge, 120, 10. Cf. utdma.

utatehkitla; same as hutatehkitla, q. v.

utdwa, d. uta-utua to converse while standing.

utéwa, udii’wa, d. u-utéwa, v. trans., fo shoot high up in the air; to shoot
up perpendicularly, as an arrow. Der. hu, téwi.

ut’?hawa, d. uta-ut’hawa to shake off, as dust. Cf. shiulatchka.

utfla, d. u-utfla (1) to be under, to lie below: shikta huk u. ubé-ushtat the
awl was under the buckskin. (2) to place, put under the surface of the water;
as dip-nets. Cf. i-utila, lutila, otilks

itk’atka, d. i-dtkfitka to nod; to bow for a welcome. Der. ita.

itza, d. t-atya to take away, to remove, to wrench off; shikénitkish u. to
take a pistol away, 55, 6.; dloksgish hinkish f’'tzi! take the rifle away from
him! 37, 9. Speaking of more than one long object, ftza. Cf. lita.

utiissus4-ash, pl timi uw, clown, jester. Of. kii’la, sheshzeilé-ash.

i’teh, vtech, ids (1) exclamation introducing a wish, advice or exhorta-
tion; often connected with gintak: utch gintak am nti gent I should
like to go; ttch git gf! let go! quit! t’tch hé’nksh gii’mpélitki (supply
ei)! let him go home! (2) never mind! don't care if! an exclamation of
people worrying about something; giikin a na’t! f’teh na‘Ish hush-
tcho‘ktgi! let us set out, whether they kill us or not! 17, 9.; tts gint (for
gintak) shli’tki nfish! never mind, they may shoot me! 22, 10. Cf. ka-
yudsh, mimi (1), tamudsh.

itcha, t’dsha, d. t-utcha to cut apart, to sever, to split.

utchd-ika fo seize, pull by the handle or long-shaped end: wawad-ush u to
ring a table-bell; said of fishing implements. Cf udshaksh, utchin, vuka

utchaya, vutchdya, wudsdéya, ntchdya, d. u-utchdya, vi'dsaya, ntchan-
tchdya, and utcha-utchdya (1) to chop, cut apart; to crack, split, as wood,
logs, sticks: Anku slakétkishtka u. to split wood with the ax; utchdyatko
dnku slab, board. The first d. form means to split in a few places; the
second, in many. Cf. nadsha’shak, udshfdshi. (2) to bruise, hurt, gure ;
to inflict bodily injury, 59, 11. 61, 16. 17. Der. utcha. Cf. shiitka,
vud’hita (2).

utehin, d. utehi-utchan to fish with any sort of net. Cf. utcha-ika.

utétchkia—vu’hlilsh. 459

Vv

This sound occurs only before the vowel wu, and vu constantly alternates
with w and u-u, wo, wu, sometimes also with hu, 0, 6, w, but not with b.
The v occurring in English and foreign terms is rendered in Klamath by 0.
Words most frequently pronounced with initial vu- are given under this
heading; others, not found here, to be looked for under U, W_ For pre-
fixes and distributive forms, see Introductory words to letter U.
vudklak, d. vuvdklak; same as wakalak, q. v.
vuadlya, walya, d. of vila, q. v.
vudmiam, d. yuavudmiam, species of weed of the Composite family pro-

ducing a white woolly fruit. Cf. walhualam.
vud’hita, uthita, udfta, d. va@hiud’hfta, udi-udita (1) to make burst, to

cut holes, as into a filled bag or flour-sack. Cf kitita (2), vud’Initaku¢la.

(2) to beat, whip, inflicting permanent injuries. Der. tita. *
vud’hitakuéla, v. trans. to push down, to roll over and down ; said when

the rolling is attended with injuries or breakage: v. kttyat Shashap-

amtchash he rolled Old Grizzly over the rocks, 131, 11. Lit. “to make
burst by rolling down”. Cf. tilankudla.
vudtka, d. vu-udika éo strike, beat, as with a club, or other long article,

69, 1.: nia vudikuapka ke’ksh papkashtka I am going to strike him with

a club. Different from vutéka, q. v.
vudshlo’shka, d. vu-udshlo’shka (1) to brush off; to sweep off with a

broom. (2) to rub, scrub with a brush.
vudshléshynétkish broom. Cf. ndshashlina
vudshéka, titchdya, d. vu-udshéza (1) to serub, clean by scrubbing; to

sweep. (2) to wash, clean; shdplash v. to clean dishes; vudshi’yi hin
shuld’t’sh mi! clean your dress! Cf. tédsha, temadsha.
vudshokdlya, d. vu-udshokalya to wash out, clean off, scour; said of

stains, dots, blood, 40, 16.
vudshoknétkish, pl. timi v. scrubbing brush.
vudshi’shka, d. vu-udshishka to clean off from; to sweep with a broom.

Der. vudshéka. Cf. vudshlo’shka.

vu’hliish, d. vwhii‘ulalsh skin, hide of elk or antelope. Cf. mba-ush.

460 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

vuhupiéea, vu-upiéga, d. vuhuhapi¢ga, vu-uapi¢ga to carry, drive before
oneself; to stir up; said of whirlwinds, wind-gusts: shléwish y. nkillilksh
the wind is carrying dust — Cf. piena.

vufg@ salmon, which has become discolored by old age.

vuiyankish, wizanksh green grass, standing or just mowed. Cf. kshi’n.

vuizin, viize, d. vu-uizin to surpass in strength, to conquer, defeat: Wt lap
laldkiash v. he defeated two officers, 56, 4.; pen viize again they were victo-
rious, 54,11. Mod. Cf. kshtizi, ltizi, winizi (1).

vuin{zi; same as winizi, q. Vv.

vuiplé-ush, wipléwésh, u-ipéliwash, species of forest-bird, small and of
gray color; incantation, 171; 70. Der. vitya (2), -péli.

+

vtish, d. vu-tish, the position of the four sticks in the shivilshésh-game,

by which the two thicker ones lie on one side under the pa’hla, the two

slender ones (sytitash) on the other, 79, 4. and Note.

vitya, d vuiviiya (1) to shake oneself, to shake one’s body, 190; 9. (2) to
shake the wings; to flutter, fly, 169; 51.

vuyd-aga, vilyak (1) species of small sucker-fish. Cf. ye’n, vinai. (2)
Vuyd-ak, Wttyak, nom. pr. fem., ““Sucker-Hater”. Cf. Note to 64, 1, p. 67

vuydlapsh, 112, 19.; same as wayalapsh, q. v.

vuyamna, d. vuividimna, v. intr. (1) fo shake or contort oneself, to swing
the body about, 190; 10. (2) to blow around, to whirl about in the sky;
said of the storm-blast, 168; 42.: p’laina nti v I am blowing up in the skies,
173; 6. Der. via.

viiyukiaks, d. vuytyakiaks arm-pit. Cf. kiikatilsh.

vuyumkédsha, d. vuyuyamkddsha, v. intr., to whirl about, as dry leaves
in the wind. Der. vuydmna.

vuka, uka, wiza fishing-rod, made of a pole or reed. Cf. shué-ush.

vukéta, d. vuké-ukta fo strike glowing wood to elicit fire.

vukétehta, d. vuke-ukétehta to strike flint to elicit sparks.

vikish (1) fishing-place: wi'kszén (for vukishze’ni) génuapkug intending
to go to the fishing-place, 181, 10. (2) Vi’kshzéni, nom. pr. of a locality
on the Williamson River below the Sprague River junction; said to be
named after little suckers. Cf. vuyd-aga, vuka.

Viksalkshi, Wiksalks; see Wo’ksalkshi.

vuhupiéga—vitlza. 461

Vukshi, nom. pr. of a camping-place on the Upper Sprague River The
name is interpreted by ‘Old Fireplace”. Der. viikish, -i.

vukuta, d. vu-uktta fo scrape: watitka vuktitank scraping with knives, and
thereby reducing to powder, 150, 8. Cf vulina.

vila, wit’la, vuld, d. vi-ula (1) to inquire, ask a question, 40, 18. 64, 8.
101, 13. 14. 105, 3. 14. 121, 13.; pin shash v. then he asked them, 105, 7.;
vulanudpka nti nanukii‘nash TL will inquire of everybody. Cf vuldnkia.

2) to ask for, require, 39, 9.; to beg, 119, 3.; pi ansh vilampka patki efue
? q ? ’ 2 q; b] ? ] ] tes) oD

9

he requested me to eat. In 127, 3. it stands incorrectly for viilza, q. v.

vitlal, wal, d wla-ulal cottonwood-tree: Populus angustifolia: v-tclhuyésh
hat or head-cover made of cottonwood- or,aspen-bark, with circular and wide
brim, high, with paint put on in spots; vuldlat under the cottonwood-tree,
183; 15 Cf. pa’kalsh.

Vulalkshi, Ulalksi, nom. pr. of (1) Cottonwood Creek, a little brook
emptying into Lower Klamath Lake from the southeast, in Modoe
County, California. Here the Peace Commissioners met at John Fair-
child’s farm-house, during the Modoc campaign, on February 20, 1873:
Vilalkshi gishi’, 38, 6.7. (2) Cottonwood, camping-site on Sprague River.

vuladn, ulan, d. vuld-ulan to watch for the fish at the ice-holes. Cf. wlawa.

vulankia, d. vu-uldnkia to inquire; to inform oneself, 141, 1. Der. vila.
vulantana, d. vu-tlantana to ask or inquire of repeatedly or continually,
78, 3. Der. vila.

vuléli, vwi¢li, d. vu-ulcli to descend into, to run down into, 120, 14. 16.

vuli, vi'li, d. vu-tli fo fall down. Cf. nilidsha, vulcli.

vulina, d. vu-ulina, vi'lina (1) to pare with the knife; to trim, to whittle,
to peel off Cf. ktcheldla. (2) to smooth off; to make smooth, even; to plane.
Cf ilina, talaka (2), vukuta.

vulini, d. vu-ulini to scrub, scrape off: v. tehilak to scrape off fish scales

vulinish, pl. tumi v., joiner, cabinet-maker ; lit. “one who is smoothing,
planing.” Der. vulina (2).

vulya, vi'lka, d. vudlza, walya (1) to reply to a question; to answer, 37, 1.
121, 6. 8.10. Cf. kédsha (3), shawdlya. (2) to borrow: vi kashti (for
vulzapkashti) watch on a borrowed horse, 189; 4., cf. 6. (3) to loan, to

lend. (uot. under tidshéwa. Der. vila.

462 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

vulédsha, ulddsha, d. vulolédsha to chop, cut, split; said of many long
objects, as blocks of wood, rails ete. 35, 12.: anku pitik vulédshan gi,
Mod., he is splitting wood for himself. Cf. udshidshi, ukata.

vultehikish, d. vu-ultchikish (1) adj., narrow-headed, long-headed ; doli-
chocephalic. (2) Va'ltchiksh, nom. pr. fem. K1.

viluandsham, vi’luansham, vilvantcham, flvantch(am), d. vuvalu-
andsham (1) cedar tree, with dark-colored bark, the blocks of which are
used for fire-drills; probably some species of Juniperus: v. anku cedar
wood. Cf. kétlash. (2) redwood: Sequoia sempervirens.

vuimi, vii'mi, d. va-umi (1) to bury in the ground; to caché, 147, 17.; to put,
store underground, 134, 13.15. and Note. Cf. flkshla, p’ndna. (2) subst.,
caché; locality where provisions are stored underqround. (3) to bury a corpse
or to dispose of its ashes after cremation, Mod., 39, 7. 85, 1. 17.: vimi-ti’lan
after having interred, after burial, 85, 12. Cf. isha, tehékéli.

vumish, d. vi-umish, subst.; same as vumf (2), 147, 17. Cf. flktcha.

vin, wi’n, u-tn, d. vu-udn, vuwan elk, the largest species of American
deer except the moose; chestnut-red, grayish in winter: Cervus cana-
densis: w0'n laki elk-buck, 190; 16.; won shti’dshna to chase, pursue an
elk, 193; 14.; vanim wivhle, Mod., elk fawn; viinam wiledga elk fawn
of tender age. Incantation of five female elks, 174; 7.; wii/nam ti’t
elk’s teeth. These are of a rounded, flattened shape and of a brownish
color; those of young animals rose-colored. ‘Teeth of old animals are
appended to garments, and often form the end of hair-braids; they
are regarded as amulets, and also serve as a currency, fifty purchas-
ing a pony. Teeth of young elks are not seen among the Maklaks.
Cf. mba-ush, tawalsh, vwhli’Ish.

vt’na, vi'mha, d. wii’na, vi-una to finish wp, achieve, to have something
done, 105, 2.: i unk vi’n2a you have finished, you have come to an end
with it; vi’na an gé-u stéginsh lédshish I have finished knitting my stock-
ing; i hi’nk vi/nhuapka you will achieve it, 139, 2. Cf. shutdéla.

vinai, wi’na-i, pl. timi v., species of freshwater fish, resembling a sucker.
Cf. tépa, udshaksh, vuyd-aga.

vinak, vundga, undk, d. vi-undaga, vuni-unak son, male offspring; used

alternatively with wéash: ké-u v. my son; Tsaskiyalam v. Weaslet’s son,

vuléddsha—Vushinkam Tinuash. 463

108, 2., ef. 3. 109, 10.-16.; mi ti’nak your son, 141, 8.; tinakam’na Afsh-
ishash shtilta he informed his son Aishish of it, 94, 8., cf. 95, 8.; vunaké
m/’na his son, 94, 10.; vuna-tnaga is contr. into wantinga, 112, 1. Cf. pé-ip.
vunakaga, d’nakak, d. vu-tinakaga little son, a term with double dim.
ending, 96, 11. 107, 16. 108, 1. 109, 13.-16. 110, 3. 5.15. Dim. vinak.
vunaldsha fo start on an elk hunt, to hunt elks. Der. vin. Cf. gankanka.
vunékish, d. vune-unckish voracious, ravenous ; very hungry. Der. unéga.
vunep, vuanap, wi’nip, t’nep, d. vii-tinep four, 33, 6. 44, 8.: vunipa shék-
tatzatko one-fourth part; te-unepanta vy. pé-ula fourteen. Cf. pakalaksh.
vunepni, wunépni, tmepni, abbr. vunfpi, d. vu-undépni (1) adv. num.,
Jour times: v. tatinep forty, 37, 22.; v. t¢-unepanta té-unep four hundred,
cf. 33, 6. 37, 20.; v. waita gitlan Thursday; tinipni waitash during four
days, 75, 14.; vini’pni tatinepni yards forty yards away (from the camp),
40, 13. (2) adj. num., fowr: wenépi wéwanuish four wives, 101, 4. Quot.
under ké, No. 1, (2).
vuinsh, wit’nsh, wo’ns, d. vitwansh, wtt-dns (1) dugout canoe; these In-
dians possess no other boats but pine-logs hollowed out, round below,
and about 20 feet long, 122, 21. 23. 148, 1.: wo’ns i'lktsat they will sub-
merge their dugouts, 74, 15.; vinshtat ilapka to load into a canoe; vi'nsat
tamadsa to fasten on the bow of a canoe, 149, 22., ef. 150, 5.; vai’nshatka
gépka to arrive, approach in a canoe or canoes, 28,2. Cf. syéna. (2)
boat, sailboat, scow or any other water vehicle manufactured by whites:
vi/nshatka skii’na to row out in a boat, 78, 7. Cf. shneklotchnétkish.
vunshaga, wunshak, d. vi-anshak little dugout, canoe, boat. Dim. vinsh.
vunshakaptechi, d. vu-anshdékaptchi, adj., long and hollow-shaped ; lit.
‘“‘small-canoe-like”. Der. vunshdga.
vusha, vissa, wii'sa, d. vi-usha (1) ¢o fear, to be in terror of; to be terrified
or scared at, 70, 2. 7.147, 13.: at vushé E-ukski’shash now they were afraid
of the Lake men, 28, 12.; vii’ssa shii’ldshash the troops took fright, 30, 9.
31, 3.; vi’shuk from fright, 88, 10.; vi’shuk Shdéshapamtchash nndlsh
pindéddshuapksht fearing that Old Grizzly might overtake them, 122, 5. Ct.
shinamshta. (2) to be a coward, poltroon; to run away through fright.
Vushiinkam Tinuash, nom. pr. of a locality on Klamath Marsh; lit.
“where a snake was found drowned”, 74, 15. From wishink, tinuash.

464 KLAMATH —-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

vushish, wo’sis, d. vit-ushish (1) lerrified, scared at, 19, 3.; frightened,
afraid of. (2) coward. Der. visha.

vushmush, i’shmush, pl. timi v, the Mod. pronunciation of mishmush.

vushoé, wushd, t’shit, pl. ttimi v., chest, breast, bosom, 42, 10.: shlin ti’shtital
he shot him in the breast, 110, 17. Cf. édshash, kidshash, pani.

vita, more frequently wt'ta, wuta, d. vi-uta, wuwata (1) to strike, beat
with a long-shaped article, as with a club, ax Cf. shu-tita, viiya,
vutéddsha, vutdka. (2) to keep off, to hold at a distunce: \ke-utchishash
wuwatuapkasht i order to keep off the gray wolves, 88, 2. (3) to cat up,
consume; to eat, make a repast, have a meal: ninuk wit'ta he ate up every-
thing, 118, 8.; to make use of, 187, 3. Cf. l6lomak.

vutatchkia, 120, 1U.; see utatchkia.

vutéka, d. vute-utéga to chop fine: tehtléks v. to chop meat. Cf. vukiita.

vutikapka t¢o put out, protrude the tongue: vutikapkia na’sh hit he draws
the tongue at me.

vutza, witka, d. vi-utza to fall down upon something. Cf. hinua

vtl'tyi, d. va-utzi to fall down on the ground: hishudksh kat gi’ka wi tzi
hi’k késhtat the man who climbed that pine-tree fell down from it. Cf. vi'li.

vutéddsha, d. vu-utéddsha (1) to remove, cast off; said of long-shaped or
anim. objects. (2) to repudiate, reject. (3) to remove from office, depose
FSrom position, 61, 9. Der vita (1). Cf shnékélui.

vutédshna, vitt’dshna, d. vu-uttidshna (1) to throw, hurl sticks, strings
or other long-shaped objects, 80, 9. (2) to throw away, reject; to repudi-
ate, 59, 21. 78, 2. Cf kédsha, nutédshna, shékateha.

vutédya, utéya, d. vuto-utédya to dig, excavate, make a hole in the ground
with a tool, spade: nad undk utotoyetimpka we have commenced to dig
early in the morning. Cf. ibuttiya, putéya, sputttya, shutdya.

vutoydétkish, utoyt’tksh, d. vutotoyétkish (1) hoe, spade. (2) pick,
pickax or other sharp digging tool. Cf. meydtkish.

vutdka, vutdza, d. vu-utdza, v. trans. (1) to swing around ; to swing in the
air. (2) to catch with the lasso. Different fron: vudtika, q. v. Der. vita (1).

vutédkakua, d. vu-utékakua (1) to move like a clock-pendulum, to sewing
to and fro on a support. (2) subst., clock-pendulum. Cf. nutédkakua.,

vutékanka, d. vu-utékanka, v. trans., fo sewing by one’s arm or hand; said

of long-shaped objects. Der. vutdéka.

vushish—wadshakuisham. 465

vutoknétkish, d. vu-utoknétkish /asso; used in capturing antelopes,
wild horses ete. Der. vutdka.

vutélya, wuttlya, d. vu-uti'lya to throw down, to throw on the ground, said
of a long or anim. object, 55, 5.: maklaks shnukan v. the Indians seized
and threw him down, 42, 11.; sktipmank v. to conquer by physical force.

vutudlya, wutuwalza, d. vu-utuwalza to throw, cast up in the air: gé-u
tchuyésh nti v. I throw up my hat; wuti’walya shueko’shtka tchimma-ash
they throw up the game-string with their poles, 80, 9.

vutu-fpéle, d. vu-utu-ipéle to throw back, to return to somebody by
throwing, 80, 11. Der. vita (1).

vutukétkish, udokétkish, vutkt’tksh, idokotch, d. vu-utokétkish whip-
stick; a heavy, conical rounded stick of hard wood, in the end of which
the nawadlash or whip-reed is inserted. Der. vutédka (1). Cf. légakish.

vutchéwa, d. vutche-utchéwa to jump out of the water; to make a somer-
sault out of the water, as fish. Der. tchéwa. Cf. utehin.

vu-tia, d. vuwta; same as wéa, q. V.

WW:

The sound w is used here only before vowels; it never has a labial
sound approaching the German w or the English w in wear, wine. Terms
in which initial 2 occurs before -w are written vu. Initial wa- in some
instances stands for the prefix u-, as in wapdlash, wawikanka. Verbs with
initial wawa-, chiefly used in their d. forms, have been inserted under their
absolute form in wa-.
wi, wa (d. wiwa), pl. timi wa, v. intr, used of a plurality of subjects

only: (1) to dwell, stay, remain in or within. Cf. wa'sh. (2) to live, to

evist, to be in a certain place, spot, land or other locality: kat gek wa those

which live (there), 129, 7.; kinkani tit wa few of them exist there, 134, 16.;

tinni gish@ mi ktchinkshtat wa? how many hogs are in your pen? Of.

ktdyalish. (3) to move about, to fly, flutter, swarm or swim around ; said of
animals, the medium in which they exist being usually added: pagashtat
hai milk wa, Mod., worms live in moist ground; nanuktua kii’m ambutat
wii all kinds of fish existing in the water, 94, 4. Cf. nadsha’shak, tchfa.
wadshakuisham, d. wa-udshikuisham, species of coarse grass, grow-
ing to the length of about twelve inches. Cf. watéskuam.
30

466 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

widshuga, d. wawddshuga to remain, stay continually at or within; said
of many subjects. Cf. tchi’dsha.

waggaya, wakiya, d. wawaggdya; see tchaggiya.

wageidsha, d. wa-uggidsha (1) to turn, revolve about, to make a complete
revolution or turn; to turn oneself around. (2) to return, to come back (in a
circle, as it were): at ké-u stefnash wakidsha now my vitality (lit. “heart”)
has returned, 175; 17. . Der. aggédsha.

wia’hlash, wah’lka ete.; see walash, walza, ete.

wia’hlkish, walkish pole, stick; pole as used in games, 80, 11. Cf. shuc-
kth, walash.

wa’hlya, 114, 5.; same as walya, q. v.

wa’hlta, d. wawd’hita to watch, to be on the lookout in the capacity of a
scout; to be watchful against thieves, enemies ete.

watha, d. wawaiha Mod., wawiha KI. (1) to wait upon, serve. (2) subst.,
negro. (3) to wait for, to expect: kiilatat wawalya wawatha they sit on the
ground and wait, 85, 2. and Note.

wi-ish, d. wawda-ish, second d. wawdwish what produces offspring, fruits,
crops: kiitla kaitua wawi-ish unproductive land; Moéatok pi'la ta’m wawa-
wish gi tchipsham only the Modoc country is very productive in tchipash-
grass, 14°, 11. Cf. wafshi, wéash.

waishi, d. wawi’shi to generate, procreate; to cohabit with. Der. wa-ish.
Cf. shnawedsh, wéash.

waita, wilta, d. wawita, wiiwita (1) to pass a day: tina w., lapni w. to
pass one, two days; tsti nat w. we passed one day or the day, 21, 12.;
ef. timéni, tunépni (1). (2) to wait one day; to lay over for a day and
night, 29, 9. 75, 2. (8) adv., during a whole day,’ all day, 110, 18: w.
shéllual they fought all day, 37, 21.; ndani w. for three days, 42, 18. 43, 1.;
nash waftak (for waita ak) on a single day, 56, 7. and Note. Cf. ndani,
pii‘dshit, stindé gitla, timéni.

waitan, wiiitan, d. wawitan, adv., all day long, the whole day: w.shlo‘ktsna
dksua ni I spit and coughed all day long; \itkeshtkan w. shuéwa I have
angled the whole day long. Partic. of waita; abbr. into waita, see waita (3).
Cf. pashitita.

waitash, wiittash, d. wawaftash (1) one day with night ensuing: tankéni

widshuga—wak. 467

w: after so and so many days, 73, 7.; cf. 66, 2. 88, 4., mbushant. (2) day:
eén w. to-day; tnipni w. during four days, 15, 14.; nayant waitashtat on
another day, some day, 66, 10. Der. waita.

Waiti’nkni, Wétinkni, or W. maklaks, nom. pr., Warm Spring Indian
of Des Chutes Valley, Oregon, belonging to the Sahaptin family; also
called Yamakni and Lékuashtkni, q. v., 78, 10.; Wiitiingi’sham téméska
wats they stole horses from the Warm Spring Indians, 18, 2.

waitdla, d. wawitdla (L) to have passed a whole day, or a day and the night
following it: waitdlan at one day's end; lapéni waitd’lan two days after,
Mod., 54, 18.; nddni waitdélank three days after, 66, 8., cf. 66, 2.; nda‘ni
tchek waitédlank finally after the lapse of three days, 66, 6, cf. 8.; ta’nepni
waitdlat during five days, 70, 1. and Note; tutenépni waitélan after jive
days have clapsed in every instance, 85, 1.; Mod.; cf. 88, 4.; tankni waito’-
lan a few days after this, 48, 4. (2) adv., w. or waitélank, waitdlan yes-
terday; sometimes used instead of the more frequent ta. Der. waita.

waiwash, weiwash, poss. wayO’sham, d. wawiwash, waweiwash snow-
goose, a long-necked white goose: Anser hyperboreus, 180; 13. 185; 40.
189; 3. Often observed flying before the advent of storms (witchtaks),
and hence believed to have the power of producing them; incantation
170; 69.: wayo’sham stt'tyantk having the voice of the snow-goose, 183; 19.;
equivalent to: “having a lovely, harmonious voice.” Onomatop.

waydlapsh, wiydlaps, vuydlaps, d. wawidlapsh (1) icicle, 112, 19. (2)
Jloating cake of ice, ice-chunk, 179; 4. Der. wayalpa.

waydalpa, d. wawialpa, v. intr., to form icicles, 111, 20.; to form pieces or
chunks of ice, to turn into ice. Cf. wésh.

wayosham, 188; 19.; see waiwash.

wak, wak how, in which manner; particle used either interrogatively, rela-
tively or demonstratively: (1) interrogatively, how? wak ak psé-utiwash
tehi-uapk la’Idam? how would the people be able to live through the winter?
105, 8.; tfi’sh ak nen ht’k wak kii’la? where are they and what are they
doing? 110, 19.; wakat? (for wak ka-i?) why not? 105, 10. Connected
with the verbs gi to exist, to be, and gi to act, to do, wak often, but not
always, assumes the meaning of why? for what reason? thus correspond-

ing to tua, q. v.; wak gi? wakgi? wak gisht? how? in which manner? lit.

468 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

—}

“how doing?” 65, 5.; wakgi pii’dshit hushlta i? how do you do to-day?
wak gitko, wak gitk for what cause? lit. “having acted how?” 188; 15.
184; 27.; wak gfug? why? lit. “for doing what?” 184; 26.; wak la gitiga,

waklakitika, wak a giuga of course, undoubtedly, certainly; waik i’ tn giug’
kti’pka? why do you slap (the child)? 96, 4.; wak i gén gitk? what are
you doing here? lit “how are you acting here?” 101, 14.; wak lish? (for
wik lish gf?) Mod. what is the matter? why then? lit. “how is it then?”
40, 14.; wik ma (supply: i hémkanka)? what do you say? used when a
question has not been well understood; wak tala, waktdla, abbr. wak ta
why then? lit. “how then, how after all?” 65, 5. 110, 18. 158; 55.; wak ta
giug? for what reason then? 110, 10. Combined with tua? in: tua i wak
ef-uapkug tébl sAnaholi? for what purpose do you require the table? (2)
relatively and demonstratively: how, in which manner; so, im such a
manner: kaé-i tehin wak O0’skank I do not mind it in any manner, 65, 1.;
wak ish shtiti! do something for me! help me! lit. “work for me in such
a way!” 111, 14.; pakish wik ki'tsag! how good is the gudgeon to eat!
178; 1.; wak nen sémtsalka for the manner by which she found out, 65, 2.
Cf. léwak, mat, wakaftch, wakaptchi.

wiékai, wak hai (1) interr., emphatic form of wak, embodying actuality:
how? how then? wak hai tchi’ m’s nf shuté-uapk? in which manner must
I then protect you? 111, 15. Cf. hai, wakaitch, w4k hai la gén. (2)
wakaf (for wak kaé-i) how not, why not, 105, 10.

akafteh, wak haitch, emphatic form of wak: (1) interr., how then?
w. eiue? why? to what end? why after all? 105, 7. 141, 11.; wak haitch
at nfish gi’-uapk a? what are ye going to do with me? lit. “how are ye
going to act upon me?” 95, 18.; waék haitch hak hishuaksh sh¢éshatk?
what is that man’s name? (2) rel. and dem., in which manner. Cf. haitch,
himasht, wikai (1).

Wakakshi, Wakaksh, abbr. Waka nom. pr. (1) of a mountain on Upper
Klamath Lake. (2) a locality on the western shore of Upper Klamath
Lake, where an ancient mortuary sweat-lodge of the tribe is standing:
W. sptiklishtat at the sweat-lodge at Waka, 142, 6. Named after the tua-
kish- or wakish-crane, ef. tudkish. Cf. spa’klish (2).

wikaktoksh in the same manner as; just as: w. hi nanuk tehia to live just
like all others (all American citizens), 39, 9.; wékaktak equally as, 139, 3

wakai— wdakinsh. 469

wakalak, wakdlaz, vudklak, d. wa-ukdlak (1) inclosure, corral limited by
a fence or stone-wall: kitchkdni w., abbr. kitehk’ w., a corral of small ex-
tent; waklakam or wakdlakat kafshtish gate of inclosure; wall-gate. Quot.
under gindtant, kpulf. (2) fence or stone-wall of inclosure.

wakaluish, d. wawakaluish (1) leg below knee, lower leg. Cf. tehilash.
(2) shin-bone, bone of lower leg. (8) withers; lower end of mane: kidshash
w., Mod., dorsal fin. Cf. awalésh, 4huish, tehti’/ksh.

wakalwakalsh, pl. timi w., Adam’s apple: thyroid cartilage. Of. kAl-
kali, laggalagdsh, szutkana’tkish (2), wakwakli.

waikaptchi, wakaptch, waktchi, d. wawakaptchi, wawdktchi, adj., how
Sormed, how shaped or conditioned: wakaptch nen né’pka how appears, looks,
192; 4.; waktch a télak, for: wakaptcha a télak what or such a kind of a
waistcoat, 186; 50.; waktchi huk pitch gitk! what a curious foot he had!
24,18. From wak, -ptchi.

waikash, wiksas; same as tudkish, q. v. Cf. wikashak.

wakash (1) bone-awl, 105, 6. 120, 21. Cf. kiko (1), sAkta. (2) mother-
of-pearl; the incrustation forming the inside of the Haliotis shell of thé
Pacific Coast (Span. avlone); cut into oval pieces and worn as ornament
around the neck, on garments etc.: w. sndwakish mother-of-pearl (or bone)
necklace. Cf. ktchak, laktash, wakwakli.

wikashak young tudkish-crane. Incantation, 170; 64. Dim. tudkish.

wa kashla; see wékashla.

wakatehétkish, d. wa-ukatehdétkish rake.

wakéna, wakna, d. wawdkna to experience the natural alteration of the
voice, as boys do after their fifteenth year; to alter, change one’s voice.
Cf. kua/nkuana, shudkia, shudktcha.

Wakénamtch, nom. pr. of a Modoc man, called after his changeable
voice. Der. wikéna, Amtch

wikgi? d. wawdkgi? interr. adv., how? in which manner? see wik (1).

wak hai la gén! the KI. form of ok4-ilagen! q. v.

wakfanhua, wakidnua, wakéanhua perhaps, may be; by chance, 60, 12.
129, 3. 5. 144, 7.; w. spulhf-uapka mish perhaps I may lock you up, 59, 1.
Der. wak, yénhua.

wakinsh red paint for face and body; prepared from a resin flowing from
the pan or pAnam-tree, 150, 6.-9. Cf. waldkish.

470 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

wikish, wakish, d. wé-ukish inside ladder; ladder leading from the roof
of the winter-lodge into its interior, 111, 20. 112, 4. 175; 14. 180; 22.
Cf. ga-ulilkish, gukénd’tkish, laldamaléksh, shashtanuldlash, tént.

waklak&ga, waklakak small inclosure or corral. Dim. wakalak.

wiklkish table; four-legged table. Vulgarism for pak’lgish, q. v.

waikma, wak ma, Mod. for wAk mat Kl Cf. mat, wak (1).

walko, or wa‘kuam, d. wawa‘ko, wawdkuam hemlock pine; a species of
pine-trees with a grayish bark, growing, e. g., around Klamath Marsh.
Seems to be the Douglas pine, Abies Douglasti. Cf. Wak-Taltkshi

waikogsh, wazoks, d. wawdkoksh any round-shaped receptacle, as: (1)
sack, bag, pouch, purse: talalam w. money-purse. (2) sack holding about one
hundred pounds of provisions, grain, seeds ete.; when filled with wékash-
seed, it is sold for about two dollars, 74, 10.; shapéleam w. sack of flour,
Mod. Cf pdla-ash, willishik. (3) bottle, IK1.; cask, barrel, Mod.: lamam-w.
whisky-bottle, or any kind of glass-bottle. Cf. heyéna, lamkosh. (4) sheath
or case for instruments, spectacles ete.: shlayaksam w. powder-horn. (5)
shell of mollusks: klé’dshuam w. clam-shell.

wiksha, d. wawidksha to gallop. Cf. shliihuya, shnii’-uldsha.

wikshna, d. wawdkshna (1) to put moccasins (or shoes) on: wawa-
kshnatko having moccasins on both feet, 131, 7. (2) subst., moccasin;
mostly manufactured of buckskin, 131, 9.12 (3) subst, shoe of Ameri-
can manufacture. Cf. stalégatko, stikshui.

Wak-Talikshi, nom. pr. of a camping place near Klamath Marsh; lit.
‘““Pine-on-River”. Der. wa’ko, talfga. Cf. Kii’k-Taliksh

wakti’lash, a tree furnishing a kind of wood used for making shafts;
often spotted, 180; 19. Cf. ktélo.

waktchi, 24, 18.; waktch, 186; 50.; same as wakaptchi, q. v.

wikwaka, d. wawikwaka to turn into steam, to become steam: kélpkug
Ambu w. by heat water becomes steam. Cf. tudka.

wikwakinsh, d. wawdkwakinsh red-headed woodpecker or log-cock, body
black; incantations: 170; 65., 174; 13 Cf. kilfwash, skatiktish.

wakwakli, d. wawakwakli high-pointed, conical: w. or abbr. wikwak
nt’sh a high-pointed head. Cf. hapa.

wala, d wa-tla (1) to sweat, perspire, as after bodily exertion, after danc-

waikish—WaAlamskni. 471

ing or through the heat of fire. Cf. shudlka No. 2. (2) to daace at
“<doctor-dances”, 70, 1. 7. 75, 19. Cf. spai’kh.

walakgish watehing-place; spot where hunters are on the lookout for
game, ef. 74, 18. Der. walya.

waldkish, d.wa-ulakish (1) resin; liquid resin, turpentine. Cf. lalago. (2)
pitch, resinous or glutinous substance used in adjasting or fastening the sev-
eral parts of arrows together. Cf. lék’laka, nte’ktish, shtilhipéli.

waldktcha d. wa-ulakteha to go out hunting. Der. wilza. Cf. walakgish.

Walamkshini, adj., belonging or referring to Rogue River Butte and its
surroundings: W. walish Rogue River Valley's rocky sites. Cf. Walamsh.

wilamna, d. wawdlamna, chiefly used in the d. form; see tchdlamna.

W dlamsh, or W. Yaina (1) nom pr. of Rogue River Butte, a mountain
at the head of Rogue River Valley, almost due west of Fort Klamath:
Walamsi at or to the headwaters of Rogue River, 16, 3. (2) Walamsh,
nom. pr. of the Rogue River among the Modoes. Der. wal- in walish.

W ilamskni, pl. tami W. (1) adj., belonging to, coming from Rogue River
Valley, in Southwestern Oregon. (2) W., or W. maklaks, nom. pr., Rogue
River Indian. These Indians belong, like the Umpqua, to the Tinné
family of aborigines; they formerly inhabited the largest part of the
country drained by the Rogue River and its tributaries (Illinois River,
Applegate Creek ete.), and also held the coast of the Pacific Ocean be-
tween 41° 30 and 43° of latitude. They are sometimes called Tototen
or Tutatami after one of their tribes, which was settled at the mouth of
the Rogue River. When they had been subjugated during the long and
bloody Oregon war, the majority of this race and of their allies in war,
the Shasti Indians, were removed to the coast reservations, though many
still remain in their old haunts and fishing places. Dr. Hubbard, in an
article written in February 1856, before their removal and the cession of
their lands by treaty to the Government of the United States, fixed the
number of Rogue River tribes, each under a chief, at thirteen, and the
number of Indians at 1,205. Two episodes of their local quarrels with
the E-ukshikni are sketched in our Texts, pp. 16-18. A Rogue River
chief is mentioned, 16, 6. sqq. Der. Walamsh. Cf. Ampkokni, Sél-

tehokni, Tehaki’nkni.

472 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

WaAlamswash, or W. maklaks, Mod. for Waélamskni (2) K1.: WAlams-
washam kiifla Rogue River Valley. Der. WaAlamsh, wa.

walash, wa’hlas, d. wi/-ulash (1) stick, pole, support, post, lodge-pillar,
lodge-pole, scalp-pole ; tree stem in 170; 65. (2) a bush or tree not specified,
having a stem of 1 to 2 inches diameter, from which poles are cut by the
natives; incantation, 170; 66. Cf. téwa, suffix -wala.

wilash, d. wa-ulash, whitish glutinous substance of the eye.

waildsha, wiltcha, d. wawdldsha to cover, cover up; to lay upon, put on top
of, to superimpose, 148, 17.: skii'tash a w. they spread a blanket over, 82, 3.;
kiifla waltchatko covered with earth, 82,2. Cf shawaltcha, walshash.

walhh’ka, 43, 11.; see walya No. 2.

walhualam, hudlhuailam, pl. timi w., species of sage-brush; a plant with
yellow flowers and woolly pods or fruit, of the family of Composite ; eaten
by cattle. Cf vudmiam.

waliga, d. wawaliga, chiefly used in the distributive form; see tchalfga.

walfzish, d. wawalfzish slanderer, tell-tale. 1. for f/lkish Mod.

walish, wali’sh, walidsh, d. wAwalish, wa-ulidsh (1) cliff, edge of hill, rocky
eminence, high boulder, detached rock-cliff, 179; 3.: Walamkshini w. the
upper or rocky portion of Rogue River Valley; walidsat on cliffs, 146, 7.
wali’sh i-utila under the cliffs, 31,1. (2) shore beach or bank of river, lake,
sea, when either rocky or studded with trees. Cf. ktd-i, syéwashka,
shudla, tgaliga and suffix -wala

walkish, walks, d. wawalkish hole in the ground scooped out for a lodge.
For sts4-usa-walks, 180; 23., ef. shtch4-ush.

walyza to reply, 121, 10.; d. of vilza, q. v.

walya, wéhlya, wi’hlka, wal’hha, d. wawdlya, wawd’hlya (1) to watch, to
look out for; to keep an eye on, to keep within sight, 43, 11 90, 11. 14.:; in
90, 10. 11. 14. it assumes the additional meaning of to stand up, arise; see
Note. Cf. sha-uldinka, shudlka No. 1. (2) to hide in ambush for watch-
ing. (3) to wait, expect, tarry: w. hikéntiksht he waited until they would
rush out, 113, 22. (4) to sit, to sit around, as in expectation, 34, 13. 14.:
kaflatat wawdlya they sit on the ground, 85, 2.; wawalyank tchfpash né-
patka hlépa sitting around they sop the tchtpash-mush with their hands,
149, 10. Speaking of one subject sitting, tehdélya.

=

Walamswash—wamélhuish. 473

walyatchaga, walyatchka, a quadruped described as a black, large-
sized marten with a long tail; probably the fisher, Mustela Pennantii. In-
cantations, 154; 15. 177; 7. 180; 1.

walyatchkatko dressed in the skin of the walydtchaga-marten; poorly,
miserably dressed, 189; 7.

W Alpi, nom. pr. of (1) a mountain near Modoe Point, east side of Upper
Klamath Lake. (2) a locality at the source of Sprague River.

walshash, d. wawalshash what forms a cover; what envelopes, wraps in:
nkasham w. peritoneum. Der. waldsha. Cf. sktitash.

walta, hudlta, d. wawdlta, huahudlta (1) to make noise, to rattle, 166; 17.:
kiifla ni w. I the earth am trembling, 176; 3.; papkash hudlta lwmber is ratt-
ling, when men walk on it, 155; 18.178; 7. Cf. ktidshinksh. (2) to sound,
resound, as a bell. Cf. shndhualta. (3) to emit musical sounds or clangs.

waltakpéli, hualtakpéli, d. wawaltakpéli to talk over and over, to delib-
erate upon a subject; to debate, converse upon. From wiltka, -péli.

waltka, hudltka, d. wawaltka, huahudltka (1) to make noise by talking
loudly or promiscuously together; to speak promiscuously, to talk all at once.
(2) to converse, discourse, debate; to have a talk, to hold council, to deliberate,
34, 21.; 65, 14. 15.; to utter words, the words being mentioned, 65, 14.:
tfi’m w. to talk a great deal, 23, 3. Der. wilta.

waltkash, d. wawaltkash, Mod. for waltoks, K1, q. v.

waltkish, d. wawdltkish (1) speaker. (2) talker, babbler, prattler: ka-i
w. shy, bashful person. Der. waltka.

waltkdétkish, d. wawaltkétkish meeting place for councils, debates: w.
latchash, K1., communal lodge. Der. waltka.

wailtoks, waltaks, hudltoksh, d. wawdltoks (1) discourse, speech; con-
versation, talk, 23, 4. (2) language. KI. for waltkash Mod. Der. wAltka.
Cf. hémkanksh, ndshdéka.

walwiléga, meaningless word often repeated while at play; taken from
walwilékash, q. v., 195; 3. and Note.

walwilékash, d. wawalwilékash day-butterfly; diurnal lepidopterous in-
sect: walwilégsam tike feeler of the butterfly. Cf. képkap, wékwak.

wiamélhuish, wamluish, d. wawam’luish mane of horse, lion. Der.
wamla. Cf. kshéluish, shudnshakluish.

474 KLAMATH—~ ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

wiménaksh, Mod. waménigsh, d. wawdménaks (1) black spotted snake,
about four feef in length; a reptile found frequently on the sunny,
rocky shores of Upper Klamath Lake at Nilakshi; a species of Pityophis,
probably P. sayi bellona: Incantation 157; 47., cf. 180; 16. (2) generic
Klamath term for all snakes, 145, 13. Der. wimla. Cf. Itéks, wishink.

wimla, pl. wawamla to form a file, row, series; said, e. g., of an alley of
trees. Der. wa.

wiai’n, wann, d. wAwiin (1) red fox; becomes lighter-colored in winter and
therefore is also called silver fox: Urocyon cinereo-argentatus, 180; 2 :
wanam wéash the young silver fox. (2) red-fox skin, 71, 2.; cf. miluash.
(3) sun-halo: shap’sam winam shakatchdlish silvery sun-halo. Cf. wanika.

wandka, pl. timi w. (1) young of red fox, silver fox; also called wanam
wéash in the incantation 156, 30. His epithets are: kenkatflatuash,
kenkapshli’li, mbaubéwash, ndundotatuash. (2) Wanaka, Wanak, nom.
pr. of the personified, mythic Young Silver lox. He figures as the con-
stant companion of K’mikamtch, because he represents the silvery-white
sun-halo, with its changing colors, K’mikamtch being the personified
sun: one of the frequent mythologic examples of hunting scenes trans-
ferred to the skies. The fire of Young Silver Fox burns with a yellow
(kiiki’kli) flame. Mentioned in 99, 3. 5. 100, 21. and Note to 99, 3.
Dim. wi’n, q. v. Cf. mtluash.

wankwanka, d. wawankwanka to nod, to raise and drop the head, as
observed on lizards, whose heads are often seen to describe a semicircu-
lar motion — Cf. efkana (2), kudnka.

wantinga, 112, 1., contr. from vuna-tnaga, una-tinaga, d. form of undga,
unik; see vinak.

wapalash, d. wawapdlash dead tree; tree still erect, but withered, rotten or
dead, generally through removal of the bark: wapdlatat on the tree stump,
174; 13. Der. pala. Cf. himboks, stépéla, stépalhuish.

wapil’ma, d. wa-upil’ma (1) fo tie or wind around, to wrap around; to
bind. (2) to twist. (3) to wind up, asa rope. Cf. wépla.

wipka, d. wawapka to sit together, to be seated together, 29, 13. 33, 5. 42, 1.
43, 12.: at wawdpka we they ave still sitting there. Speaking of one sub-

ject only, tehipka (2). Iterat. of wa, q. v.

wiménaksh—washla-aga. 475

wiptash, d. wawdptash water running through ponds and small lakes
with visible motion. Cf. wapil’ma.

Waptashzéni, nom. pr. of a camping ground on Klamath Marsh; lit.
“water moving perceptibly through ponds”.

Warner Lake, nom pr. of a long narrow lake stretching from north to
south, situated in Grant County, Southern Oregon, 29, 7—9.; also called
Christmas Lake. It lies northeast of Goose Lake, and has no perceptible
outlet. Warner Ridge extends along its western shores.

wa’sh, wash, d. wawash prairie-wolf, called céyote in the West (term of
Aztec origin: coyotl “the burrower”), 88, 2. 105, 1. sqq. 127, 13. 128,
4.10. 144, 9. 10.: Canis latrans. This wolf, which resembles the jackal
of the eastern hemisphere, is supposed to harbor wicked spirits, 128. 4.,
and forms the subject of a large number of cosmogonic and other myths
throughout Oregon and California; a lover is called a crazed wolf, 184;
82. 33. 34.: washa-wéka the coyote-child, young of the prairie wolf, 105,
9.; wash tyt’tyatkish the prairie wolf is a presager of woe, 133, 1. ef. 2.

wash, wash, d. wawash (1) place of dwelling, living; residence: washi
indoors, 158; 55.: Skélamtch wa’shi guli’ Old Marten stepped into the lodge,
111, 19.; wa’shin in the lodge room, 111, 20. Cf. tchi’sh No. 2 (2)
animals den or burrow, 127, 7; hole in the ground, cavity: pimam wash
the beaver’s den, 185; 42. (3) hole, hollow, excavation of any kind, 180; 22.
Cf. washknéla. (4) floor of winter-lodge or mudhouse, because excavated.
Cf. sli’mdamd-wash (5) winter-lodge, or any Indian lodge entered at
the top. (6) spot, locality or place in or upon the ground, where many
objects of the same description are found. Often occurs in local names:
Ktaf-Washi, Kuiltam-Wash, Mbttshaksham-Wash ete. Der. wa.

washkndéla, d wawashkndla to hollow out, as a dug-out canoe These
Indians make canoes from pine-logs by hollowing them out with the ax

q

wa’shla, wa’shala, d. wawa’shla (1) to make, dig, scratch a hole, den: wit-
saga w. the dog scratches a hole. (2) subst., fence-mouse, chipmunk, ground-
squirrel; a species of Tamias, generally brown with black stripes, differ-
ing from the smaller washlé-aga, 110, 8. 9. 12.; washldlam fwam chip-
munk’s whortleberry. Der. wa’sh. Cf. m’shash, tchtitchak.

washld-aga, washla’e small fence-mouse, chipmunk ; little striped grownd-

squirrel ; a species of Tamias, 179; 10. Dim. wa’shla. Cf. witchash.

476 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

washlala, d. wawishlala to hunt or shoot chipmunks, 107, 13.

washlalsha, washlaltcha, d. wawdshlalsha fo start to hunt chipmunks or
Sence-mice, 110, 8. Der. wa’shla (2).

washdélalya to prance about, 184; 33.; stands for huhashdélalya, huhh’shd-
lalya, d. of hushdlalya, q. v.

waishpalaksh, wash-pdlaksh, species of foa, large and slim built: Vulpes
velox; lit. “the emaciated prairie-wolf.” Incantations, 154, 7. and Note;
155, 22. Cf. pdhalka, pd’hlaksh, wi’sh.

wassuass, widshwash, a species of tall aquatic grass, 180; 19. Cf. watsaks.

watAkia, d. wa-utaékia, wa-whtikia to disperse, to scare off, to scatter:
gépka tumi’ maklaks wa-whtdikiug many men arrived in order to put them
to flight, 88, 9. Der. tika. Cf. tptidsha, ulayue.

Watanks, nom. pr of a mountain east of Link River.

watdwa, d. wawatiwa; chiefly used in the d. form, 121, 7. 8.; same as
tchatiwa, q. v. Cf. shuatawi.

watéskuam, d. wa-utéskuam, species of stiff scirpus with cylindric stem.

witi, d. wawati (1) thorn, spine Lit. “sticking, growing on it”. (2)
knife blade; straight knife (not pocket-knife), 174; 7. 184; 29.: watitka
vuktita to scrape with knives, 150, 8. Der. wa. Cf. késhapash, kti’tchitcha,
mbt’shaksh, té’kish, tulfsh (1).

watfla, d. wawatila; chiefly used in the d. form; same as tchuttfla, q. v.

watiti, d. wawatiti (1) tron, steel in a crude or manufactured shape, as
in the form of bars, springs, wire ete.: w. ktchinksh cage of metal; w. shi-
shatish blacksmith; w. hi hashashuakidtkish gi this wire is a telegraph.
(2) metal, Mod. Lit. ‘‘knife-substance”. Der. wati (2). Cf. tehikémen.

watksam, an alimentary plant growing in rocky ground, 149, 19.

watch, wats (d. wawatch), pl. ttimi w. horse, 30, 1-6. 39, 11-15. 183;
23. The horses owned by the Maklaks Indians descend from the endur-
ing race of Cayuse ponies, and are almost equal in size to the common
horse. Lakf w. male horse; ndsilo w. mare; w. lald-a mares foal, 75, 6.;
k6é-idshi w. a vicious steed, 184; 35.; nti a wAtchash pish shéwana I give
the horse to eat; nti a watchash tchiya (or t’shia) I give the horse to drink;
watcham wéash colt, filly; watcham laliszish horseshoes ; watchat tchikla,

f

184; 33.; waAtchat or wAtchatka husho’tehna to ride on horseback; sa sé-

waishlala— Wawaliks-Skaitatko. 477

satui watchat they bartered them for horses, 20, 19.; watsdtka hushdlalya
to prance around on a horse, 183; 22., cf. 184; 33. Cf. itntla, shi-itna,
skédshatko, shlaka, shlilkshaéltko, shtimalua (2), taktakli, tz4-ush.

watchdaga, watsag (d. wawatchaga, wa-utchdga), pl. tumi w. (1) dog:
laki w. male dog; ndstlo w. female dog, bitch; ndsiluag w. young female dog;
w. wawa dogs whine, 133, 6. 144, 4 ; w. tzétza the dog is a presager of woe,
133, 7.; mt’ménish wawakash gitko watsag fov-hound ; cf. mini; watcha-
galam stina’sh, Mod., dog-kennel; watchagalam (abbr. watchagam) wéash!
you son of a bitch! an opprobrious epithet, 37, 6. 8. 185; 38 186; 53.;
watchdgalam pcé-ip! you old bitch! Incantations: 155; 24. 177; 4. Cf.
shéwala, shewdkaga, shi’p. (2) Watsag, nom. pr. masc. K1.

watchaka, d. wa-utchaka to sharpen, to cut or grind to a sharp point.
Der. tehak- in tchaktchakli. Cf. shnatchaktka, taka.

watsaks aquatic grass used in the manufacture of matting. Cf. watéskuam.

watchaltko owning a horse, possessed of a horse or horses, 127, 9.: Tsélo-
zinsh tim w. Tsélozins has a large number of horses. Der. watch.

watchkina, d. wawatchkina raccoon; grayish-white, hairs black tipped;
tail with black rings: Procyon lotor: w. tchiyésh raccoon hat, a high head-
cover with a “tail” appended behind.

watchpka, d. wawiatchpka to lose all that is staked successively in playing
or gambling; to be the final loser at a series of games, 99, 7. and Note,
Cf. shatchatka, wi-uka.

wa-u’httish, wa-whtuash, pl. timi w., long-legged species of duck,
180; 12. Incantation, 170; 67. Cf. watakia.

wawa-; ef. absolute forms with initial wa-, as walamna ete.

wiwa, d. wawawa to whine, to emit querulous sounds: watchag wawa a
dogs are whining, 133, 6. 144, 4. Cf. shud-uka.

wawdadkash, d. wa-ti-dkash (1) exterior of ears: ké-idshi wawakish gi the
ears are misshaped, 91, 8. (2) both ears: nagshtant w. on one ear only;
wawaksham gintkish ear-canal, aperture of ear. Mod. for mi’muatch Kl.
Quoted under mimi (1), q. v. Cf télkgish, wikash, wakogsh.

Wawaligish, Wawiliks, nom. pr. Kl of Dave Hill, 19, 5. 21, 1. (titles).
Der. waliga. Lit. ‘two (or more) sitting on the water’s edge”.

Wawadliks-Skaitatko, nom. pr. of Dave Hill, combining his name

478 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

Wawaligish, q. v., with that of his father, Skaftatko, “the Left-Handed”.
Cf. shkctitko (2).
wawda-ush, d. wa-i-d-ush (1) little bell, sleigh-bell. (2) door-bell: w. spa-

,

tchiga to ring a door-bell. Cf. tintan, utcha-ika.

, .

wawdawish, 149, 11.; see wa-ish.
wawigap, d. wawi'gap great grandson or great granddaughter, said by

grandmother.

great grandfather or great

wawigsh, d. wawigsh great grandfather or great grandmother, said by the
grandchildren. Cf. wawigap.

wawikanka, v. intr, to shake to and fro, to rock continually, as trees in a
storm, 170; 66. Der. u-, wika No. 2. Cf. wikansha.

wii-; words with initial wii- not found here to be looked for under we-;
wiiydlapsh under waydlapsh.

wiigén, wii'g’n wheeled vehicle, wagon, truck, 56, 1. 87, 5. 9.: wii’ginat upon
the wagon, 87, 16.; wii’ginam (or wii’e@’nam) itish, Mod., wagon grease.
From the English Cf. p’lu (1), stu, tehiktchik.

we’, wii, wii, u-@, ud (1) for some time, for a while, KK1.; same as wigdpani:
kuatchaki wé ish! bite me for a while in the hair! 119, 4.; teh wii’ (for
tchia wii) to stop awhile; hagga wii! wait a moment! gév’ wii'! go there for
a while (to return soon)! (2) still, yet, even now, ef. 42, 12.: at (or pén)
wawapka we, Mod., they are still sitting there; ka-i wii’, ka-i we gi not yet,

weéa, d. u-u-éa, uwéa to cry, to weep, as babes. Cf. yéa, wawa, wéa.

wéaks, wéks; same as wékash, q. v.

wealapsh; see waydalapsh.

wéash, contr. we’s, d. and pl. wewéash (1) offspring, progeny ; child, young
descendant of either sex, son or daughter; applies to persons and also to
animals; when said of a child, it implies that its parents are alive: limké-
lam w. his child, 85, 16.; wéas lila a child dies, 82, 4., cf. 142, 7. 16.;
The d. form, wewéash, often stands for family, cf. skaipuksh, weweshaltko.
Applied to animals, it occurs in kdltalam w., kélta wéas young otter, 174;
9. 180; 1.; tsdiskaya w. the weasel’s offspring, 180; 1.; watchagalam w. son .
of a bitch, cf. watchaga; klitisham w. young of the sandhill crane, 190; 12.;
wanam w young silver fox, 156; 30.; watcham w. colt, filly; likam w. the
grizzly bear’s cub, 156; 36.; lapa wewéash both children, 118, 1. 2. and

wawa-ush—wekétash. 479

Note. Cf. kshukatkal, tanni (1). (2) son, male descendant ; synonym with
vinak: taépiam gé-u w. gi he is the son of my younger brother ; we'sam we's
son’s son; wewéash boys, 107, 13. 118, 3.; lakiam wéashash gi’sht being the
son of the chief, 182; 6. Der. wa-i in waishi. Cf. tataksni, waishi, we’ka.

week, wiik, u-ii’k, d. wéwak, contr. wé-uk (1) limb, branch of tree or tall
shrub: kétcha (for ketchkdni) w. twig, bough. (2) root of tree, bush,
shrub: kd’sham w. root of pine-tree. Cf. skinuashka. (3) arm, as a limb
of the human body: skctish w. the left arm; w. shudshéka to wash one’s
arm; w. stani an armful; wii’k E-ukski’shas shlin he had shot a Klamath
Lake man in the arm, 24, 2; tishiwapkash wii’k gitko having crooked arms,
91, 4.; wéktat on the arms, 91, 10.; ef. 16, 12. and nfka, nikanka. Der. wa.

w éka to shake, beat or paddle into; to beat down into: li’k shdplashtka w.
to gather seed by means of wicker-work paddles or seed-fans; wéwanuish
la’k wékank yakitka the women beat the seeds into their seed-baskets, 146, 4.
148, 6.; wékank tiatka beating (it) with a tia-paddle, 147, 15.

wé'ka, wii'ka, d. wewé’ka, wewiga little child, 77, 3.; little boy or girl, or,
when said of animals, small pup, cub or young, 96, 2.3.; shktilelam wewcka
the young brood of a lark, 94, 9.; wewéga pil tchi’shi only the young ones
were at home, 105, 3. Cf. 118, 21. 118, 8. 9. 119, 13. 14. Contr. from
wé-aga, dim. of wéash, q. v.

wékaga, d. wéwakaga (1) small tree-limb; little bush, shrub, shrubbery,
82,11. (2) little root of tree, shrub ete. (3) little arm, armlet. Dim. we'k.

wékala, wii/kala, d. wewii'kala to give birth to; to bear a child or children,
to become a mother, 77, 2. 78, 1. 109, 12.: partic. wékaltko having a child,
baby; said of mothers only: wii‘kaltk ha’kt ki this woman had a chald,
96, 1; wewékaltko hikt gi this woman has or had several children, babes.
Der. wée’ka. Cf. lapeala, péyala.

wékamua; same as wikamua, q. v.

wékash, we'‘ks, wii‘ks, wéaks, wii’-aks, d wewe’ks (1) mallard duck; a large
duck with a bluish-colored neck: Anas boschas: ni‘l wéksa (for wéksam)
mallard-down, 144, 1. Incantation: 170; 68. Cf. pdp-wiiks. (2) Wii‘ks,
We’ks, nom. pr. of one of Afshish’s wives, 99, 10. 101, 5. Onomatop.

wekétash, wéketa, wiikii’tas, wakétish, d. we-t’ketash green frog, small
frog; a species of Rana, 177; 2. 3. 180; 17.: yainati w. tree-frog; species
of Hyla. Onomatop. Cf. kée, tale, tehiwa.

480 KLAMATH - ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

wekishtchna, d. wehkishtchna to walk with a swinging gait; to totter,
reel. Der. kishtchna. Cf. kishlya.

wekdétkish, contr. wékotch (1) seed-fan. (2) hand seed-basket. Der.
wéka. Cf. shdplash, tia.

wéktash, d. wewaktash braid, hair-tress of females, worn on back. Cf.
shakpaksh, shukatonolétkish.

wékwak, d. wéwakwak, large diurnal butterfly of gay colors, black
trimmed with yellow, inside purple: a species of Vanessa: lapi w. two
butterflies, 101, 7., ef. 14.: wii’ kwak-wéwanuish female butterflies, 95, 14.
Der. wakwakli. Cf. walwilékash.

wékwekash, wékweks, d. wewakwekash magpie: Pica hudsonica; per-
sonified in 114, 9. Incantation: 177; 17. 18. Onomatop. Cf. kii’tch.

wéla, wélha, d. wéwala, wéwalha (1) to be sore, to have a sore, to have the
skin rubbed off: wewalha watch the horses have become sore, 75, 2. (2) to
be swollen through sores.

Wélaklak, nom. pr. fem Mod.: “Old Woman”.

weli/yatka d. we-uli’yatka to travel around as “old woman's spirit”,
178; 13. and Note. Der. welékash.

welékaga, weli‘kag, d. we-ulékag (1) little old woman. (2) spirit of old
woman, 178; 13. and Note; 179; 6. Cf. @’ni. (8) in the double rainbow
the dim and fading bow. Cf. tehdkiaga. Dim. welékash. ’

Welékag-Kntkleksdksi, nom. pr. of a locality in Sprague River
Valley, called after a rock of contorted appearance; lit. “At the Old
Woman stooping down”. Cf. Palan E-ush, Ts4zeak-TkAwalsh.

welékash, welii‘ksh, d. wewalé’ksh, we-ulé’ksh old woman, old squaw,
28, 6. 70, 2.: kiuks w. a female conjurer; ké-e welii’‘kash the old female
Jrog, 163; 9. 173; 5.; wéwaliiks pila old women only, 28, 3.; we-uléksam
buno’kish wine; lit. “old women’s drink”.

welekatko, d. we-ulekétko woman in old age: welekapkash Modokish-
ash shnika they captured an old Modoc woman, 13,5. Cf. k’mitcha.

weleé'li, d. wewalé’/li Oregon grape, barberry bush: a bush about 3. feet
high, root very bitter, intensely yellow and used as a remedy for colds;
leaves thorny and of an acid, pungent taste; fruits blue, growing in

bunches, tasting sour and used for preserves: Berberis aquifolium.

wekishtchna—wénni. 481

welina, d. wewilfna to be left over, to remain after use, 111, 3.

welisht a little while ago, not long since, 185; 44, Cf. nfa, shdpa, tankak,
té-in, welfna, welftana.

weli{tana, welftan, prep. and postp. away, at a distance from, at another
place: w. kéke away from the river ; gén w. distant from here, 39, 2.; through
this side road. Cf. shuelita.

wélwash, d. wewdluash (1) spring of water: w. palalla the spring has
become dry, 173; 4. and Note; cf. 157; 46. 163; 9. 173; 5.179; 4. (2)
pond-source of a stream; same as kokéga, nushaltkiga, q. v. (38) well,
deep well, either natural ov excavated. (4) children’s fontanel. Cf. nkék,
wéla (2).

welwél’hi, d. wewalwéVhi liberal, generous, not stingy. Kl. Cf. widshi-
kish.

wémpéle, u-dmpili, d. wewampéli (1) to regain health, to recover, 101, 21.:
kayak tidsh wémpélank never fully recovering again, 65, 20. (2) to come
to life again, to be revived, 96,19. (3) to bein good health, 73,9. Der.
empéli, Cf. heshudmpéh, huggidsha.

wén, wen, d. wéwan to freeze, to turn into ice, to congeal: katogshtka
Ambu w. by cold the water freezes; kéke a w. the river freezes over ; partic.
wétko frozen, icy, 75, 18.; ka-i wétk was not frozen, 111, 21. Cf. éwa (3),
kitags, kétka, shvi/ntka

wéna, d. wéwa to wear out, to use up, as clothing, blankets. Cf. kaga, téga.

wenépi, 101, 4.; same as vinepni, q. v. :

wénka, wéngga, wénga to die by natural or violent death; said of a
plurality of subjects only, 24, 11. 127, 14. 134, 19.: p’gi’shap t’shi’shap
wéengea mother and father died, 55, 20.; partic. wénkatko dead persons.
Cf. k’léka (3), shuénka.

wénkogsht, 127, 14.; see yuhiéna and winkogsht.

wénni, d. wewanni (1) adv., differently from others; curiously, strangely,
remarkably: iw. tchikolalya you walk very oddly on your long legs, 190; 12.;
w. hémkanka to speak a different language. (2) adv., to another place, 35,
14. (3) adj., different, separate, distinct: w. taina (nti gi) I am now a
maiden different from the one I was before, 186; 49. (4) adj., strange,
queer, awkward; (3) and (4) are abbr. from wennini, like ati from atini.

31

482 KLAMATH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

wenniala, d. wewannfila to become foreign, strange, estranged, removed
from: wak wenni'lota (for wennfalota) nfish gi’tk? im which manner did
you become estranged from me? 184; 27.

wennfkni, d. wewannikni (1) adj., coming from different or other parts,
tribes or lands; belonging to another: watch wiinnikisham a horse not one’s
own, 58, 12. (2) subst., stranger; outsider. Der. wénni, Cf. temadsha.

wennini, abbr. wénni (q. v.), d. wewannini (1) adj., different, disparate ;
other; wennfnish hi shulétantko they are dressed in a different manner. (2)
adj., strange, curious, queer, awkward. (3) subst., stranger, alien: w. a tua
gatpa some kind of a foreign man has come, 112, 1. 7. Cf. wiktchish.

wendya, d. wewandya to become a widow, 89, 5. 6. Cf. tehiména, wett-i.

wénuitko, d. wéwanuitko widow; called so even after losing husband
and children, 82, 5. 186; 57. 58. Partic. of wendya. Cf. lapkléksh.

wépla, d. wewapla, v. trans., to bind, tie up; to pass around, to wind around:
poka’wishtka w. to bind with straps. Cf. tinkopka, wapil’ma, witchya.

weplakidmna, d. wewaplakiadmna to bend or coil up; to form rings, as
an animal does with its tail. Der. wépla.

wésh, wé’sh, d. wéwash ice: wéshtat tinua to fall through the ice. Der.
wén. Cf. kAtags, katka, spaka, tchutchéya, ulak’kanka.

wéshaltko, weashaltko; see weweshaltko.

Wésatko, nom. pr. mase. K1.: ‘“Spittle-Mouthed”; viz. ‘Letting spittle
stand on his closed lips”.

“wéta, wétta (e short), d. wé-uta to laugh, to chuckle, 24, 14.

wétanta, d. we-utanta to deride, to laugh at: w. shash he laughed at them,
131, 3. 14 132, 7. Der. wéta. Cf. luafya, shuludkta.

Wétinkni, or W. maklaks; same as Waitiinkni, q. v.

wetékuish, d. wewatékuish caving in of earth.

wétish, d. wé-utish laughter; act of derision. Der. wéta.

wetishptechi, wetishtchi, d. we-utishptchi laughable, ludicrous, comical.
Der. wétish, -ptchi.

wétko, d. wewdtko; the partic. of wén, q v.

wetkokdétkish, contr. wetzégitch, d. wewatkokdétkish measure for one
charge of gunpowder ; load gauger: also shlayaksim w. Cf. wetkuéla.

wetkuéla, d. wewatktela (1) to fall, roll or slide down in an oblique

wenniala—weweshaltko. 483

direction, as down a slope. (2) to flow down from, to drip down, as tears
from the eyes, 110, 15.—Speaking of one subject, nde-ukuéla.

wétli, d. wewdtli to throw down, to throw into, as wood, 120, 9.

wetdéli, d. we-utdli, 21, 15.; see ndé-uli.

wetwt-i, wettwi, abbr. wetii’, to become estranged by distance or otherwise,
184; 26. Cf. wénni, wennfala.

wé-ukala to branch out into limbs, twigs; boughs, roots; to bifurcate: ka's
wé-uzalks (for we-uzalpkash) ts¢lash gi’tk the ipo-plant has a bifurcated
stalk, 147, 8. Der. wé-uk, d. of we’k.

we-uzalkish mark or target to shoot arrows at; lit. “bifurcation”.

wé-ula, d. wewé-ula to permit, allow, concede: ké-i nti w. guli’tki hit giug
Ido not allow anybody to enter here: tsi ni ké-i sim wii'walsh (for wé-
ulash) shlin then I shot her, as they would not allow her to remain in my
possession, 23, 9. Cf. lewé-ula, shewé-ula, wéwallta.

wé-utch, wi’-uts, pl. timi w., apher. form of kué-utch, q. v. Cf. shué-
kosh, shué-ush.

wéwalta, d. wewéwalta to permit, concede to somebody. Der. wé-ula.

wéwan’s, contr. of wéwanuish, q. v., and of wewanufshash.

wéwansni women with their children and families, 21,19. Cf. -ni.

wéwanuish, abbr. wéwan’sh, wéwans; obj. wewanuishash, 28, 2., abbr.
wewanishash, 23, 5. 36, 20., wéwanuish, 20, 6. 23, 7., wéwanshish, 96, 9.,
wii wan’s, wéwansh, 61, 12. 107, 2., women, females; the female sex; serves
as a plural to shnawedsh, q. v.: (1) women, whether married or not: we-
wanuishash tputpayamnish one who chases women, runs after them; w.
kahiéwuk in order to obtain women, 182; 9.; E-ukshikni w. the females of
the Lake tribe, 80, 1. ef. 7.; wii’kwak-w. female butterflies, 95, 14. Cf.
28, 1. 3. 31, 6. 15. 71, 4. 146, 4. 9. 185; 44. 186; 52. (2) wives; married
women: Aishisham w. the wives of Aishish, 95, 9. 23.; hi w. la’pi giug hish-
tchaktanuapk 7f the wives should quarrel for being double, 60, 18., cf. 61, 12.
Cf. gtlu, shndwedsh, waishi, welékash, wéwansni.

wewanuishla, syncop. wéwanshla, wii'wansla; pl tama w., to take as
a wife or wives; to marry: (sa) wii'wanslank (for wii’wanslan gi) shash
they took them as wives, 107, 12. Cf. lakiala, shnawédshla.

weweshaltko parent of two or more children; father or mother of a family,

484 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

55, 16 : hishuaks ti’ma w. a man with a large progeny, ef. 85, 16.; ndanuk
m’na wewe'shaltko (or wewéash) his or her family. he absolute form,
wéashaltko having one child, is not in use; ct. we'kala: in Modoc, wewe-
she’ltko is sometimes heard. Der. wéash.

widshapka, 169; 49; see witcha.

widshibam, widshfpa, d. wi-udshibam, wi-udshipa (1) lacustrine reed
used for arrows and resembling the sha’l, q. v.; its flowers produce a
woolly substance. (2) arrow made of the w. grass or reed. Der. udshipa.

widshika, d. wiwfdshika to be niggardly, stingy, parsimonious, 75, 8.

widshikish, widshiksh, d. wiwidshikish avaricious, stingy. Der. widshika.

widshikl’ya; other form of udshikl’ya, q. v.

wiesh, uyésh, pl. tami w., mountain sheep, wild sheep: Ovis montana ; some
of these animals are occasionally seen on the Oregon-California border.

wigd-ak, wikdhak not far from; a little further on, 24, 15.: wiga hak
etnan having gone a short distance only, 126, 6. From wika, ak.

wigadni, wika/ni, d. wi-ukéni (1) low, growing to a small height; said of
plants: tchélash pa-usham wi-ukani the stalks of the pawash-root are of low
growth, 148, 9.; wi-ukayant kéladshamat on the low kéladsh-bushes, 146, 8.
(2) short in body, of low stature; the opposite of atini, q. v. Der. wika.

wigdpani, wika pani, wigabani, wigapan, d. wi-ukdpani a short while ;
Jor a while, for some time: tsti wigdbini shendtank-httya shash and they
Sought them for a short while, 20,2. From wika; pani. Cf tankak, we’.

wigdtak, d. wi-ugdtak, adv., together, at the same place or home: wiggatak
tchia sa they (man and wife) lived together, 78,1. From wigata, ak.

wigdtan, wigedtan, wikdta, wi'kat, d. wi-ugdta, prep. and postp., close to,
aside of, in proximity to, 24, 13.: w. tehussni‘nish slankosh near the Natural
Bridge, 33, 3.; w. kt’metat near the cave, 43, 6.; ti’ kalo wika’t high up
close to the sky, 101, 6. 7.; wigdta ma’‘shipksh, kiukshésh near the patient,
conjurer, 71, 3. 4.; ldloks wiggata close to the fire, 16, 13.; ampu wigata,
dmbu wigat near water; sometimes used for “island”; wiggata i’naka
i-tilya close to the son his arrow struck the ground, 110, 9.; wikétant gal-
tchawiank approaching nearer to (the object to be supplied), 121, 3.
Abbr. from wigatana. Der. wika.

wi’hla apex, point, upper end, as of a pole, pyramid, 74, 17. and Note.
Cf. hapa, wilhashlash.

widshapka—wikdnsha. 485

wi’hla, wila, wi'l, d. wiwala, wi/wal fawn; young antelope, young deer ; also
said of calves, kids; wilti in the incantation: wi-iltf nd shoteldla “J will
disengage what is on the w?hla”, 185; 42. is a metaphoric expression of an
obscene import, and was explained: ‘‘I draw back my prepuce”. Hence
this partitive case points to the fine, delicate skin of the young antelope.
Cf. lelédshi, tawalsh, tehé-u, tzi-ush, vin, wihlaga.

wi’hlaga, wilhag, wilag, Mod. wiledga, d. wiwalaga, wi-ulag, wi'lag,
Mod. wi-uleaga little fawn ; very young antelope, younger than the wihla,
p- 120 sqq. ineantation 177; 5. 6.: wilag vii’la one young antelope asked,
120, 2. 4 6., ef. 119, 23.; mumifatch wilhigam the ears of the young
antelope; cf. Note to 177; 5. Dim. wfhla No. 2.

fhuash, a very small bird living among willows: w. kii’-ishalsh shé-

=|

W
yuaksh the wihuash is expert in producing snowfall, 180; 8. Cf. ké’shala.
wihii'tehza, wihi’tska, d. wiwihii‘tchza to whip, chastise by whipping.
Cf. udipka, wi-udsha.

wi-ilti, 185; 42.; see wihla.

wika, wigd, u-iké, d. wi-uga, wiuka, uytiga, adv. (1) near the ground,
147, 19.: wi-uka hulilyank skipping up and down at short intervals, 183;
25.; uytiga hatokt éwa it is not deep here. (2) near, near by, close to, at
short distance, in the vicinity, 43, 3.; wika-shitko looking as if close by;
seemingly in close proximity, 192; 2.; wika an’ gildsuish sinaholi I intend
to approach quite closely, 22, 8.; télshapka wika to perceive at a short dis-
tance, though unseen oneself, 22, 14. (3) a little, not much, not a great
deal. (4) almost: wigd telsimpka k’li‘ksh she almost saw the dead; viz
“she almost entered the spirit-land, she came near dying”, 68, 8.; cf.
Kléka (3). (5) in a shortened, dwarfed shape, condition: wika-télantko
short-faced, 190; 14. Cf. wigani.

wika, wika, d. wi-uka to blow out; to emit air or breath: lalalashtala w.
nu I blow air through my ribs, 156; 32.

wikahak, 24, 15; see wigd-ak.

wikamua, wékamua (1) narrov, low plate, vase, as a soap-dish or spittoon.
(2) tumbler, drinking glass: shninto‘lya nti w. I let the tumbler fall. Der.
wika No. 1 (1). Quot. under ndshdpka, paka No. 3, shléklgish.

wikansha, d. wi-ukénsha to blow across, to sweep over, said of wind-gusts:
kiifla nti w. J sweep over the Jace of the earth, 167; 29. Der. wika No. 2.

486 KLAMATH —-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

wikniaga, d. wiwakniaga, wiwakni‘ka little telltale, 190; 18. Dim. wik-
nish. Cf. wika No. 2.

wiknish, d. wiwdknish, wi-t’knish telltale, tatler, slanderer.

wiktehish, wikts, d. wiwaktchish various, different: ndnuktua lilhanks
wikts nikanti (for nanukanti) all different kinds of quadrupeds, 145, 2.;
tchakiag itpa wiktchishti the boy brings various things. Cf. wennini.

wil, wi-il, d. wiwal; same as wi'hla No. 2, q. v. Cf. wi’lhaga.

wildla, vuildla, d. wi-uldla to blow into, as wind does into fire. Der. ildla.

wilamna, d. wi-ulamna, v. trans, to blow at, to blow after, to blow around:
yamash nii’sh wilamnapka the north wind followed me, pursued me, 155;
20. 156; 30. and Note. Der. fla. Cf. shlewflamna.

wilhashlash, wildshlash, d. wi-tilashlash apex, top or highest point of, as
of waves, billows Der. wivhla No. 1. Cf. hapa.

wilhaslashna, willaslashna to stay or rest on the top or surface of; to
sprawl when on a wave-crest; said of aquatic birds, 185; 41. and Note.

wilhua, d. wiwdlhua to blow at or toward, as the wind does, 155; 25.

wili, wilf, vuih’l{, d. wi-uli fo blow or waft through; said of a strong draft
of air. Der. ilhi. Cf. ukfdshlin, ulf-ukshla.

wilitgish, willitkish, d. wi-ulitgish racking, pacing or ambling horse.

wilza, d. wiwdlza (1) to cease blowing; said of the wind. (2) to hide
oneself, to squat down ; to place oneself in ambush, to take position, 42, 19.

willasla, 185; 41. abbr. from willaslina, q v.

willaslina, wilhashlina, d. wi-ulaslina to sprawl or wriggle while lying or
floating on the belly; said of the motions of the coot and other aquatic
birds when floating down from the wave tops, 185; 41. and Note.

willishik, vuflishik sack, bag holding over 50 pounds of grain, seeds or
flour, 74, 10. 12. Used for carrying and keeping provisions and for
storing them in cachés; anciently they were made of strong swamp-
grasses, 147, 16. The contents of twelve of these sacks filled with wé-
kash etc. are considered sufficient to feed a family during the winter
months. Tunip wuillishik i’-amnash five bags full of neckwear, 111, 1.
(2) generic term for sack, bag, 144, 2. Cf. tayash, tgillak, wakogsh (2).

wimpka, d. wiwampka fo lie on belly; to lie flat on the ground. Speaking
of one subject, shuilpka. Cf. yAmpka.

wiknfaga—wishink. 48

wina, d. wiwa to sing. Cf. shuina, shui’sh, windta.

Windtya, Huindya, nom. pr. fem. K1: lit. “Singing in her dreams”.

winiazia, 56, 2, Mod.: same as winizi, q. Vv.

winifyzi, vuintyi, d. wi-unfzi (1) to surpass, excel, to be superior to, to pre-
ponderate over; to conquer, defeat: wuini'yiank selldlok conquering by war-
expeditions or raids, 17, 20. 184,14. 15. Often used to circumscribe gra-
dation or the comparative form of our adjective: ati’ nalsh winizitk much
stronger than ourselves, 112, 1. 12. 16.; na a tima gitk w. mish I have
more than you. (2) to surpass in stature, to be taller than: ia n’sh w. you
are taller than Iam. Cf. kshtizi, htiyi, wyéga (1), viizin.

winfyishptchi, winizi’shtchi, d. wi-unfyishptchi surpassing m size or
quality, superior to. Der. winizi, -ptchi.

winka, d. wiwdnka to be half in, half out; Titakash nt shléa winkdmp-
kapsh luld’malikshtat I saw Titak with half the body out of the mud-lodge.

winkogsht, wénkogsht, for iwina hi gi’sht; said of more than one
subject; forming a plural to yuhiéna (q. v.) gi’sht: staying inside, 127, 14.

windéta, d. wi-undta fo sing in chorus a shamanic song previously sung in
full by the conjurer and then started again by his repeater (uitatkish),
71, 4. Conjurers’ choruses are generally sung by women Der. wina.
Cf. nadsha‘shak, shiundta, shuindtkish.

windtna, d. wi-undtna to go and sing in chorus a song started by the
conjurer or his expounder: wéwan’sh gilli’ wino'tnish women enter (the
lodge) to form a shamanic chorus, 84, 1.

winta, d. wiwénta to hold oneself, to stick to, as the woodpecker does to
the tree, 170; 65. 174; 10.

wintila, d. wiwantila fo stay, sit or lie underneath, 186; 56., cf. stip. Cf.
i-utfla, tchutila, utila.

winwa, d wiwdnua to lie face downward in the water, 178; 1.

wipka, d. wiwapka to escape an imminent peril by craft or cunning:
na’s w. hi Ambotat one man escaped by jumping into the water, 88, 7.

wishink, wissink, d. wi-ushink (1) garter-snake, a harmless, beautiful
reptile of the genus Hutaenia, striped in yellow, reaching a length of two
feet; 103, 7-9. 180; 16. (2) generic Kl. name for snake, the w. being
the most frequent snake near the Klamath Lake settlements, 145, 13.
Quot. under néwa, shélzalua, stani.

488 KLAMATH —- ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

wishinkdga, d wi-ushinkdga (1) young garter-snake. (2) little snake,
71, 6. Dim. wishink.

wishkaga, wishyak, d. wiwdshkaga, a bird of the lark’s size, red or
yellow, bosom; popularly called robin-redbreast, 144, 3.

wishtkak, 1 6; 19., for witchtka ei; see witcha.

wita, d. wi-uta (1) to blow; said of the wind: yénash ai nish sléwish w.
the wind is singing about me, the yée'n-fish; here the noise of the personi-
Jied wind is declared to be the song of the wind, 165; 6. (2) to blow down
upon. Cf. shléwi, shlewita, witka.

witiiim, d. wi-utii’m black bear, changing to brown and lighter colors ac-
cording to the seasons: Ursus americanus ; 128, 6.; incantation, 176; 6. 7.,
cf 180; 2. of the female black bear, w. kilo, 177; 1. Cf. Wik, naka

witiimaga, d. wi-utiimdga black bear's cub; incantation, 177; 2.3. Dim.
witii'm. Cf. the black bear’s female cub, 177; 1.

Witi’mamtchi, nom. pr. of a campine site on the Williamson River:
) S ;

lit. “Where the Old Black Bear was”. Der. witiiim, 4mtch.

witila, d. wi-utila to blow underneath, to blow into; said of the wind, 157;
39. Der. wita.

witka, d. wiwdtka (1) v. trans. and intr., fo blow out from, to blow out
of: shlii’wish wa’shtat w. the wind blows out of a den or cave; ¢-eni nti w.
I blew out from me in the spirit-land, 174; 11. (2) to eviscerate, disem-
bowel, as game, slaughtered cattle. Der. ftza.

witkatkish, witkakash (witkoko), d. wiwdtkatkish, species of hawk,
small but long-tailed, somewhat stronger than the ytikiak-hawk; wings
spotted; gathers in swarms to attack horses and feeds on their carcasses.
The uniform note of this bird, which is often seen near Klamath Marsh,
is: wi wi wi; incantation, 171; 71.; witkatkisham la’s the feather of the
witkatkish, forms the subject of an incantation, 181; 2.

wityndéla, d. wiwatzndéla to blow out from mouth. er. witka.

witlash, d. wiwdtlash (1) eminence, hill or land shaped roof-like. (2)
Witlas, nom. pr. of a roof-shaped natural rock or rock-dam on the south-
ern bank of the Williamson River, about half a mile below the junction
with Sprague River; it was given, as is generally believed, by the deity
K’mitkamtch to the Lake tribe as a fishing-place, 1438, 1.

wishinkiga—witchtka. 489

witna, d. wiwdtna to blow, to blow off, 153; 2.; to blow down upon, 156; 27.
Der. wita. Cf. shlewita.

witwita, d. wiwdtwita to shake, tremble; to writhe, struggle, wriggle.

witcha, witsa, d. wiwitcha, wiwitsa to blow continually; said of birds,
winds etc., 176; 2. and Note: shléwish na widsapka I the wind am blow-
ing in the distance, 169; 49.: wishtkak, verbal desiderative for witchtka
gi (nti) Z am on the point of blowing, 166; 19. Der. wita.

witchash, pl. timi w., little chipmunk, a species of ground-squirrel,
striped and very small: Tamias quadrivittatus. Mod. for washla-aga Kl.

witcehiak, d. wiwatchiak, wéwatchiak rainbow: lapi w. double rainbow.
KI. for shtchtlapshtish Mod. Cf. tehakiaga, welékaga, witchza.

witchkatko, d. wiwatchkatko hill range, mountain ridge. Der. witchya.

witehkinsh, d. wiwdtchkinsh dew. Mod. for tehitoksh KI.

witchya, d. wiwatchya, v. trans., to wind around, as a thread.

witehna, d. wiwatchna (1) to wish, desire, to be fond of; cf. shana-uli.
(2) to love a person of the opposite sex: i Wilula witchnok a (nish) you
rattle around because you love (me), 183; 16. Cf. witchta

witchdélash, witsdlas, witstils, vuitchi’lsh awide-meshed scoop-net, used
also by fishing Indians as a drag-net on their canoes; the hoop has a
diameter from 2 to 3 feet, the handle is about 5 feet long: w. éna they
abstract his scoop-net, 133, 9.; nt lela kiii’m witsdélashtka I catch fish
with the drag-net Cf. hiksfi‘Isha, l4-iks, lutéash, téwash, upandétkish.

witchdélashla, witso’lsla, d. wiwatchilashla (1) to manufacture a witcho-
lash scoop-net. (2) to fish with this net, 149, 22. 150, 8. Cf. utchin.

witchpai, d. wiwdtchpai, species of lacustrine grass or tule-bulrush, the
edible bulb of which is the kAlsh, 147, 6.

witchta, d. wiwadtchta (1) to like, to be fond of: Cf. shand-uli. (2) to
love a person of the opposite sex, 186; 54. Cf. shulddkua, witchna. (3)
to allow, permit. Ct. lewitchta.

witchtaks, d. wiwdtchtaks tempest, storm, stormy and rainy weather.
The swan can make tempest at will, 166; 20.; also the snow-goose:
géu a-i hii’t w. this is the storm which I have produced by my song
170; 69. Der. witchtka. Cf. kulyash.

witehtka, d. wiwdtchtka it is stormy weather; it is snowing or raining
and blowing at the same time. Der. witcha.

490 KLAMATH -ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

witehwitch, d wiwatchwitch stiffly, rigidly; adv. of witehwitchli.

witehwitchli, d. wiwatchwitchli stif, rigid; said of dead bodies,
frozen limbs ete. Cf. tapsyoya.

wi-udsha, d. wi-wii’dsha to beat, to inflict blows, to strike: Ankutka w. to
beat with a club, 134, 9., used passively in 134, 10. Cf. wihii’tchya.

wi-udshna, d. wiwu'dshna; same as wi-udsha, q. v.

wi-uka, wiuga; wi-ukani, d. of wika; wigani, q. v.

wi-uka, wi-uya (1) to win; to obtain by winning a game: kshe’sh w. to win
a check in the spélshna- or any other game, 79, 5. 80, 3. 4. 5. (2) to be the
final winner of all the stakes. Cf. shatchatka, watchpka, wintzi.

wi-uka, d. wi-t’ka (1) to blow smoke into, 127, 6. (2) to smoke out, as an
animal out of its den.

wiuldla, d. wiwildla to strike a blow, to strike: nti’ na’sh wi-ulalek (for
wi-ulala ak)! J will strike one only! 114, 7.

wiulalapéle, d. wiwilaldpéle to strike again: Skélamtch wiulalipéle
stefnash “Old Marten” struck another of the hearts, 114, 5. 6.

wi-uldétkish, d. wi-tldétkish anvil. Cf. wiuldla.

wiwaknika, 190; 18., for wiwaknidga, d. of wikniaga, q. v.

wiwadknish, wiwalag, d. of wiknish, wihlaga, q. v.

wiwi, wihui, d. wivuivui, species of a tall aquatic food-plant, said to be
a kind of cat’s tail, 149, 20. Cf. ktiks, kttiksam.

wiwiwAd! blown off! gone! interj., containing the radix of wika, wilamna,
wilhua, witna, witcha ete. 153, 2.

woéa, vu-tia, d. wowda (1) to ery, vociferate; to scream, screech, caw; said
of the larger birds: taplal w. mii sttityantko the loon cries with a loud
voice, 183; 24. Cf. tehtitchua. (2) to cry, howl, roar ; said of wild beasts.
Onomatop. Cf hii’ma, shud-uka, wékanka.

wékanka to howl or cry continuously; said of the prairie-wolf, 184; 31.
Cf. hii’ma, ya-a, yéa.

wékash, wi’kas, u-d’kash, pl. timi w. (1) seed of yellow pond-lily, green-
ish and of lenticular shape; when roasted and ground this seed forms
the most important food article of the Klamath Lake, Modoc and Snake
Indians on the reservation, 74, 7-11. 14. 75, 1. 180; 19.: wi’kash-shitk

mishetk fasting like pond-lily seed, 146, 6. Cf. shnikanua. (2) w. and

witchwitch—wdsés. 491

wokasham, w6ksam yellow pond-lily; «a fresh-water plant growing along
the shores of all the upland lakes of Southern Oregon and Northern
California, and in immense numbers in the shallow portions of Klamath
Marsh: Nuphar advena. The pods are collected by the women, who
paddle their dugout canoes over the open waters of the marsh; the
season of gathering them (woksalsii’mi) begins about the middle of
July and lasts five to six weeks. Cf. F-ukshi (2), gufkaksh, spa’kli (2).

wékashla, wi’kshala, abbr. wékshla, wa’ksla to collect pond-lily seed
annually or habitually: wakslélank after having gathered in the wokash-
harvest, 146, 9.; kanktak wékslat Evikshikni for so long may the Klamath
Lake people gather wokash, 74, 8.

Woksalkshi, Wiuksalksh Wotash-Place, nom. pr. of various places
along lakes and marshes where wékash-seed is picked in the summer-
season; the place mentioned in 19, 11. is a marsh about six miles from
Linkville, Oregon. Der wokashla.

wéksalsha, 74, 6. 7.; other form for wékashla, q. v.,

w0'ksalsii’mi; see wéokash.

wé6ksam, woékasham, pl. timi w., pond-lily, especially the yellow pond-
lily; same as wokash (2), q. v. Cf. tchinéyam.

woOksla, 74, 8. 13.; same as wékashla, q. v.

wozdwa, wozowe, vuzdyi to surrender, transfer property; said of fines
paid, 90, 8., or of horses transferred to parents by the bridegroom as an
equivalent for their daughter, 182; 8.189; 8. Cf. skukta, skuktna.

w0’sés, 19, 3.; same as vishish, q. v. |

oe

DICTIONARY OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE.

HNGLISH-KLAMATH.

493

ue

i

INTRODUCTION.

The preparation of this second part of the Dictionary of the Klamath
Language has been a much more arduous task than would at first appear,
and therefore I add a few remarks supplementing those introductory to the
Klamath-English part of the Dictionary in order to set forth the principles
that guided me in my work.

To be of practical and scientific value, a manual of this kind should
be something more than a mere accumulation of the terms corresponding
in each language. When several Klamath terms correspond to one English
term the reader should be taught which expression must be used in one
acception of the term and which in another. This discrimination can be
made only after a careful examination, based upon practical use and
etymology, of the real signification of each term. By thus preventing as
much as possible the misapplication of terms in using the language, I have
tried to make a fair start toward a synonymy of the tongue which I now
introduce to the public. In cases of doubt, however, there must be a
reference to the word in Part First under which are given the manifold
practical applications of the term.

In the following pages the various Klamath terms corresponding to
one English term are introduced by synonymic and idiomatic English
expressions in italics, arranged alphabetically, unless, for some reason,
another arrangement was found to be desirable. In the case of verbs the

equivalents are enumerated in alphabetic order after the preposition accom.
495

496 ENGLISH - KLAMATH DIOTIONARY.

panying the verb. Full information on the equivalents of certain English
nouns and verbs of wide and general signification can be obtained only by
looking up its synonyms; as, for example,

assist: to aid, help, cooperate.

bad: abject, mischievous, mean, wicked, wretched.

bring: to carry, fetch, haul, transport.

It will be observed that in the Klamath, as well as in many other un-
written languages, there are no single equivalents for such abstract English —
terms as the substantives hope, hurry, love, time, or for the verbs to cause, let,
prompt, but there are phrases, locutions, and compound terms by means of
which these ideas can be expressed with accuracy.

Compound English words are noticed only when they correspond to
simple Klamath terms. Phrases and sentences when wanting in this part of
the Dictionary will be found in the Klamath-English part. As to orthogra-
phy, accentuation, and pronunciation, the Klamath words are written pre-
cisely as in Part First, save in a very few instances where circumstances
seemed to make a change desirable. Where differences occur between the
two dialects, the Modoe term stands after that of the northern, or Klamath
Lake dialect.

Names of localities are usually identical in both English and Klamath;
therefore a few only—the more important ones—will be found in Part Sec-
ond. The meaning of many of the Klamath topographic names is involved
in obscurity. Of personal names, only those of well-known Indians are
recorded as such; others are inserted according to their ordinary significa-
tion, as, for instance, the name Hlékosh will be found under Jap, v. t.

The Klamath terms having the initial y-, which is interchangeable with
i-, iy-, are for convenience of reference inserted in Part First immediately
after those beginning in i-. In this part, however, the English y, as well as
tch, occupies its usual place in the alphabet.

Although many additions have suggested themselves, the author
deemed it preferable to restrict himself to the terms given in the Klamath-
English part. The majority of verbs, however, can form derivatives of an
inchoative meaning in -ldémpka, or -iéga, -¢ga, or completives in -dla, -vda, and

other forms, which students of this language will readily understand when

INTRODUCTION. - 497

conversing with the natives. They will also readily reconstruct the diminu-
tive form in nouns, when not met with in this Dictionary.

Since Klamath makes no formal distinction between the direct and the
the indirect object, which is expressed by our dative case, the terms transi-
tive and intransitive verb cannot mean the same thing in Klamath that they
do in English. English intransitives are sometimes rendered by Klamath
transitives, and vice versa. In the Klamath language the transitive verb is
governed by its object, a rule which can be comprehended in its full import
only by a study of the Grammar.

In their prefixes, verbs and their derivatives indicate the form and num-
ber of the object acted upon, and intransitive verbs the form and number of
the subject. ‘Thus it may be seen from the prefix attached to many terms,
whether the action or state refers to one or many, or to a long, flat, thread-
like, round, bulky, erect, animate being or inanimate thing. For the sake of
brevity, shape and number could not always be referred to in the following
pages, hence reference to the section “Prefixes” in the Grammar is necessary.

LIST OF PREFIXES.

The most common prefixes, simple and compound, are as follows:
a long-shaped object—in the singular number or collectively.
i-, ly-, y- long or animate—generally in the plural.
k-, ki- act performed laterally, obliquely.
ksh-, ks- long or animate object—in the singular or collectively, especially
when held in the arms.

l- round, rounded or bulky object or subject.

n- thin, thread-like or sheet-like object or subject; also refers to
what is seen on the horizon.

p- proptietary prefix; inalienable ownership.

p-» pe- long, round, or animate object—generally in the plural number.

sh-, s- medial prefix.

shl- object enveloping the whole body.

shn- object round, rounded, bulky, in a medial sense.

t-, ta-, te- subject or object standing erect—singular number.

tch-, ts- . subject or object a liquid, as water, ete.

u-, vu- long or animate subject, or direct and indirect object standing

or being above.

498 ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

The abbreviations used are those of Part First, and only a few new
ones require explanation here:
coll. collective objects; collectively.
du. (with verb intransitive) referring to two, three, or, at the utmost,
four subjects only.
no ex. eq. no exact equivalent.
pl. (with verb intransitive) referring to a plurality of subjects.

pl. (with verb transitive) referring to more than one object.

S. substantive. ,
temp. temporal.

Vv. caus. causative verb.

Wo ib intransitive verb.

Vat. transitive verb.

aN:

abandon, v. t., hushlindsha, du.
tushlindsha, pl. tilindsha; @. mali-
ciously or not, k’lewidshna; cast
away, inan. obj., pttedsha; anim.
or inan. kédsha, kédshna; leave
behind, tulina; run away from, gt'-
shka, guikaka; to be abandoned,
straying, ldlalya; ef. stray, v.

abdomen, nkash.

abduct, v. t., one anim. obj., spuntza;
to carry away on one’s arms, kshéna,
kshukatkal. Cf. abstract, kidnap.

abhor, vy. t. mf’‘tchka, sniuztcha,
shnékakia.

abject, kut-idshi; a. i character,
kuidshi steinash, techikalsh, papa-
lish. Cf bad, mischievous.

able, to be; usually expressed by
the particles ak, 4k a, aké, ka; not
to be able, késhga, tchana, or the

Cf. un-

particles Ak ka-i, ké-i aka.
able, to be.

about, (1) prep., expressed by the
case-suflixes -ti, -tat. (2) adv.; cf.
around, near.

above, adv., tu, ti, tut; ata distance
a., tt; hu, mostly in the suffixed

form: -u, a. there; a., up there,

high up, atu, p’laf, p’laftala; a., on
the top of, pléntant; acting, doing |

Srom a., plaikni; coming from a.,
plaitalkni, plaitalantni, tti’shni; the
one, those a., p'léntankni; who, what
as (high) a., plaikni, p’laftani. Cf.
hapa.

above, prep., p’laitana, p’léntant,
but mostly expressed by pre- and
suffixes; to stand or be a. others, or
a. the one speaking, tkalamna, du.
ludlamna, pl. liulamna.

abrupt, steep, lalatko, m’laiksini;
to be a., steep, lala.

abruptly, ady., referring to slopes,
m’laf.

absence; in the a. of, kélianta, loc.
of kéliak.

absent, gone, nég; to be a., ki'gi;
to be a. again, ki’ gipéle.

abstract, v.t., anim. and long obj.,
tméshka, pl. yiméshka; filch, ant-
lipka; steal, palla; a. again, re-
peatedly, palapéle; abstracted, filched
object, anulipkuish. Cf. abduct.

absurdly, huna’shak.

abusively, huna’shak

abyss, gintzish.

accelerated, killitko.

accidental] y, huna’shak; to find
a, gawal; ndadkal, pl. itkal; one

who finds a., i-atklish.
499

500

accompany, v. t., sha-uldnka, |

shawalini’a; a. on a trip, travel,
sha-ulankanka; to some distance,
sha-ulantcha, sha-ulantchna; @. i
a chorus, shuinala.

accomplice; to be ana, pékalui.

account, relation given of a fact,
shashapkéléash; to give an a., sha-
shapkélia; on that a., himasht
efug, himasht gisht, hdnkanti,
hunkantchii’; person of no a., kat-
tua shAdyuaksh.

accumulate, v.t., shia’lka, shit’lki,
Mod. hushto’lki; a. in a stack, pile,
shépalya. Cf. gather, v. t., heap
up, v.

accumulation of hard material,
Akuash; of snow, kéknish; place of
a., shit lkish ; to form a., liwa, liwa-
la, ltupka. Cf. crowd, heap.

accustomed to, gélyatko; to be
a. to, nitu; gélyatko gi. Cf. habit,
habitual.

ache, v. i, kahaha, kaikaya.

achieve, v. t. va/na; a. by work-
ing, shita, shoteldla.

acknowledge, v.t., shayuakta.

acorn, and a. seed of the white oak,
hidsha; a. of the black oak, kli’sh.

acquainted, shayuaksh; to be a.
with, shayuakta.

acrid, mbtikamnatko, ka-4 ma-
shetko, tchmtiytiyatko; to be a,
tchmuya.

across, prep., on the other side of, gu-
nigshtant, etinitana; when nearer:
ee'kshta, gétant; a. a river, lake,
ti’gshtanta; to go a., gakua, kako’-

ENGLISH-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

dsha, ef. ford, v. What goes a. a
solid body from end to end, tun-
szantko. Usually expressed by
verbal suffixes.

act, v.t., and v.i., todo, gi, cf. gi (5);
to make, achieve, shtita; a. so, im this
manner, huméasht gi; na-asht gi,
Mod. né-asht gi; a. thus, im such a
manner, 0-6akgi; having acted thus,
himasht giulank, Mod. h. giu-
lan; acting on one’s own impulse,
shepelpelatko.

act of doing something; is expressed
by the verbal in -ish, ef. léluidshish,
lulalkish.

action, im war, shéllualsh, shishé-
kish.

active; tobe a.,to move about, shiwina.

actor, ka‘kl’kish.

actually, at, apoc.a.; ata; ha-i, -i;
Atutu, atfu, Mod. atu, Atui, dtui tu.
Cf. now, presently.

Adam’s apple, laggalagésh, wakal-
wakalsh; syutkanw’tkish lak{sh.

add, v.t., néta, nétna.

addition; ina. to, tchkdsh; tchi’sh,
nétnak ; afterwards, gintak.

address, v. t. to speak to, hém-
kanka, hém’ta, shaptya.

address, s. hémkanksh; a. pre-
viously delivered, hémkankuish.

adhere to, v.i, to hang on, lévita,
d. Yultta; to stick to, to be adhesive,
gintana; gutta.

adhesive, adhering to, gintanatko.

adjoin, v.t, to add, néta, nétna.

administer, v. t., to rule, dispose,
né-ulya; to superintend, shualali-

fr}...

accompany

dmpka, hashtaltémpka; a. help in
sickness, tchita, tchiténa; said of
conjurers only, ya-uka; to com-
mence to a., ne-ulakiéga.

administration, netno’lzish.

administrator, shuashulaliaimp-
kish; lakf.*

admirable, mé tidshi.

adult; a. person, mini; male a., a.
man, hishuaksh, Mod. hishuateh-
yash; warrior, sheshaldlish; a. girl,
shiwdga ; a. female, shnawedsh.

advance, v. t., one’s head, etka,
efkana; one’s fingers, spélshna,
spélsha. Cf. put out, under: put, v.

advance, v.i., to go before, ahead of
others, gayiya, gayd-idsha; a. im
Front file, G-itchna; a@., as promonto-
ries, lawa; to project, long subj.,
tapka.

advise, v. t., often expressed by
the suffixes of causative verbs: a.
to help oneself to, v. caus., Aniga.

aro. Of tar:

affected, steinshaltko.

affection; having sensitive, moral
affections, stefnshaltko.

affirm, v. t., shéwala.

afflicted, inamiserable condition,
yanhuaéni; yuyalkish ; yuyalkish-
ptchi; to be a., shéshiina, shuntyua;
to be a. by bereavement, shlamia ;
latka; to be a. mentally, stefnash
ma’sha; to be a. with disease, ma’sha,
shila.

affluent, s., shend’tkatko.

afford, v.,t.; a mutual help, hasha-
tudya. Cf. give, v.

again. 501

affray, shishikash; to have an a.,
shitka; sisséka, d. of shiuga.

afloat; to bea., ef. drift, float, v.

afraid of, vishish; to be a. af,
yayakia, shinamshta, visha; to
tremble through being a. of, liuliwa.
Cf. frighten.

aft, adv. loc., tapi.

after, adv.; some time a., ma/ntch-
gitko; mia/ntchak-gitko; one, two
days a., waitdlan, lapéni waitdlank.

after, prep., tapitana; frequently
expressed by verbal suffixes: a. this,
a. that time, gintak, nétnak, at pain,
tehui pén, tehui tehii (tche); tehe’k;
tchii’tch; a. some time, a. a while, in-
tchék, undshée’k tché’k; a. acting
thus, htimasht gfulank; one who re-
mains a. another, tapitankni.

after, conj., tankt; at, apoc. a.; at
a; tchii. The pluperfect tense is
usually introduced by means of
the particle at.

after-birth, gendli; k’lekala.

afternoon, pshéksht-gitla, she-
watytilash.

afterwards, (1) adv., gintak;
some time a., ma ntch-gitko, ma/n-
tchak-eftko; shortly a. tanktak;
untche’k, Mod. tché’ksla; long a.,
mantch gintak. (2) conj., after
that, hereupon, connecting sen-
tences: tankt; tapf, tapitana;
tehé’k, tché’ksh, tchi; at, apoe.
a., kléwiank; tchti, tchiyuk,
tchityunk.

again, adv., pen, pénak; also ex-
pressed by the suffix -péli, -péle,

502

pli; when used as additive conj.,
nétnak ; tehti, tehtiyunk.
against, prep.; expressed by ver-
bal affixes, or case-suflixes; a. each
other, shipapélankstant.
Agawesh, nom. pr. of a Modoe
settlement’ on Lower Klamath
Lake, Cal.: Agawesh.

age; prior, first in a., tyé-u; second in |

a., tapini; coming m a. right after
another, tapinkani; lasting for ages,
tehtiishnini. Cf. bent.

aged person, tshika, k’mutchéwat-
ko; a. male, k’mutchatko; a. female,
welcékash; to become a., tshika. Cf.
old.

agency; locality and buildings of a.
onan Indian reservation: agency ;
pertaining to an a., agenei’ni.

of an

shuashulaliampkish laki, shuashu-

agent Indian
lalidmpkish, lakt.

agglomeration of débris, akuash;
cf. accumulation, heap.

agerieved, yualkish; to look a,
like one bereaved, shlimia; to feel

Cf. afflieted.

agitated; to be a, waters, Ikan;
violently, Ikapata.

a., shuniiyua, litka.

a - f ,
ago; ashortor long time a., nia, ina;
a while a., nia, ina; a short while a.,
té-in, té-intaks nia, tankak; long a.,

edhak; tna ei’n, uni; ma/‘ntch

reservation,

|

gitko; tainktak, tink; done long a., |

ma‘ntchni, tankni, tankak.
agree, v.13; a. with, humasht gi, na-

asht ei, Mod. né-asht ei; to assent,

shewé-ula; foconsent, sh{-iha; agree-

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

ing with, adverbially expressed, na-
asht, shtithank, shthank-shitko.

agreeable, tidshi; a. to the taste,
as a flavor, litiluyatko.

agreement, shutdnkish; fo con-
clude an a., shiitanka.

agricultural; a. = land,
shutesh, né-ush; a. planting ground,
hashuash.

kiifla=

ah! ohé! o, o’.

ahead; straight a., talaak, tala;
gitala; standing a. in age, time,
rank, tzé-u; to go or be a. of others,
lamadsha, tamédsha.

aim; to take a., laya, layipka; shu-
awidshna.

air; no ex. eq.: up in thea., p’lat, p'lai-
tala; to emita., wika, shléwi; to fill
with a., pniwa; to be full of a., wind,
shipni; to puff a. out, pniukshla; to
put on airs, swagger, shalkid-a, shu-
tikta.

Aishish; nom. pr. of a deity of the
Klamath Lake and Modoe people,
Afshish; ‘‘ Old Aishish,” Atshiamtch.

alien, wennikni, attkni.

Cf. blow, v., pass through.

alike, adv., shtthank, shthank
shitko.

alike to, adj.; resemblances seen,
heard, tasted, ete., are expressed by
suffix -ptehi, -mtchi, and by-shitko,
shitk appended; a. to this, himtchi;
a. to that, gémpteli, shthankptehi,
a. to men, persons, maklaks-shitko;
to be a. to, yala; cf. tla; to be or lool
a. in features, télna.

Alikwa or Yurok Indian, nom. pr.
Skatehpalikni.

against

all, nanuk; a. things, ninuktua.
allege, v.t., shdpa; “as alleged,”
“as reported”: mat, if referring to
facts only; nen, if referring to
sayings.
alliance;
shitchlala; to be
tchinta, tchilla.
alligator, méklaks-papi’sh.

to form a., shitchla,

in a. of war,

allow, v.t. wé-ula, witchta; a. to
somebody, wéwalta; a., agree to,
shewé-ula; not to a., lewé-ula.

all right! that’s well! i-i tidsh!

allure, vy. t., shnapémpema, Mod. |
shnepémpema. Cf. coax, v.

ally, shawalinéash, Mod. shitelilip

almost, wika.

alone, tala; belonging to me a., eé-u

tila Sometimes expressed by ak
(No. 2), abbr.: tk, ht’k; a, stand-

ing a., when referring to the verb

of the sentence, na’dshiak; solely, |
only, but, referring to a noun, pila. |

along with, tchi’sh, tehkash; tila.

alongside of, along the brink of,
yulalina; verbal and nominal suf-
fix -tana.

aloud, kil, kilank; to sing a., ki-
lank shuina; to halloo, cry a., ndéna;
to weep a., sti'tzishla; to speak a.
in public, Amnadsha.

already, atutu, Mod. atu.

also, together with, tila;
connecting coérdinate nouns only;
adv. temp., tehkash, q. v.

alter, v. t.; a. the voice, kua’nku-
ana; as boys do, wakéna.

although, gintak; -tak, -taks, -toks. |

tehi’sh,

and. 503
altercation; fo start an a., hish-
tehaktna, hushtlina, shukikshléa.
always, tehtshak; adj. used ad-
verbially, tcha’shni, teht’shniak.

ambling horse, wilftgish.

ambulance-bed, ski’lhash pet.

ambush, no ex. eq.; fo lie, hide in
a, sing. and pl. of subj., hishualza,
pl. liukéya; shuilpka, pl. wiwam-
pka; to hide in a. for watching,
walya; to place oneself in a., kni-
klya, wilza.

American, s. and adj. Bdéshtin.
Béshtin maklaks, palpali-tchileks.

amid, between, i-utamsza; tatzélam,
Mod. tyalam. Cf among, between.

among, i-utdmsza; f-ukak; whenon
same level, tyilam, Kl. tatzélam;
being, sitting, standing, ete. a., amid,
tyilamni, KI. tatyélamni; a. each
other, shipapélankstant; a. the hills,
mountains, i wa, f-ukak.

amount; fo what a.? tank? tanni?
to that a., tinni.

amuse, v. t., oneself at, lé-una,
léwa; kaé-ika; a. by jests or tricks,
shnéndshma-a, sheshzeiléa.

anal fin, shuidshashksaksin kidsh-

ash.
- P. ~ —/ Ld , [3
ancestors, ma/ntchni miaklaks,
tankni maklaks.
‘ancestral, mantchni, tinkni;

when said of mythologic beings,

genii, ete., Amtchiksh, abbr. -amtch.
ancient, same as ancestral, q. v.
and, no ex. eq.; connecting codrdi-

nate nouns, tchi’sh; often not ex-

pressed at all. Connecting coérdi-

504:

nate sentences, tchti, tchttyuk, (in
sight) tehtiyunk, (out of sight of
the one speaking); at pé’n; in
numerals pen; a. if, a. when, but
if, hi’tehui, hii’tch, hii’ts.

anew, pén, pénak, or expressed by
verbal suffix -péle, -pélf.

angelica, ptdsho, q. v.

angle,s. shtchakalidtpish; having
angles cut out, sti’kshaltko; to form
an a., shtchakalka.

angle, v. t., shuéwa, cf. knéwa; a. |
habitually, shué-utka; to go angling, |

shué-udsha; to return from angling,
shué-utka; angling line, shué-ush.

angry, kildsh, tchakalsh, shawiga- |
tko; to be a., kila, shitchatka, tcha- |

kéla; to be or become a., kilua, sha-
wiga; to be a. at somebody or some-
thing, hishtchéktna, shitchdktna,
hushtlina; to become a. at each other,
hishtchdkta, hishtchaktna.

animal, no generic term; a. hunted,
game, if a quadruped, lilhanksh.
Cf. ‘Texts, p. 145.

ankle, pétcham nawalsh; to let a
garment or blanket reach the ankles,
whlitua.

annihilate by breaking, tékua;
kéwa, pl. ngtildsha, pekéwa; a. al-
most, partly, shne-uyala; a. by pres-
sure, ndshapka.

announce, v. t., shapiya; stflta,
stiltpa; tpéwa; @., as a messenger
does, stiltchka; to go and a., stil-
tchna.

announcement,
wash.

stiltish ; tpé-

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

annoy, v. t., shnumétchka.

annular, kalkali.

another, a. one, na’dsh, nayensh ;
at a. place, welftana; to a. place,
wénni; at, on, or to a. place, na’-
dshash. Cf. other.

answer, s.; to give ana. or answers,
vulya, kédsha.

ant, kima’dsh; black a. likam ki-
ma’dsh; a.-hill; kima’dsham yaina-
Aga, kima’dsham shult’Tkish.

antecedent, in space or time,
lupini; in time, age, rank, tzé-u.

antelope, Antilocapra americana,
tché-u; young a. wivhla, dim. wt-
‘hlaga; ‘‘Old Antelope”, a mythic
animal, Tchéwamtch.

antics, léshuatyash; fo perform one’s
antics, sheshzé'la.

antique, ma‘ntchni, tankni.

antler, téke, dim. tukidga; provided
with antlers, lyawaltko.

anus, kilft, kiu; vent of animals,
kilft, tsii’-1.

anvil, wi-uldétkish.

any, anybody, a one, kani; anything,
tud; in the sense of everything,
nanuk tud, naénuktua.

apart; to place the legs a., skéka,
ptitchka, hushpt'tya; to se with legs
a., shkéktleyia; to hold the legs a.

putchkaénka. Cf. divide, v.

‘apartment, im lodge, shiltish; a.

in house, shalatchgapshtish.
aperture, orifice: kilit; gintchzish,
efntyish; as of a bottle, inkstand,

Do

einzantko; of ear, nose, métchish;

a. in the ground, sti, dim. stu-

|

anew—arm. 505

Aga; a. for going out or in, gekén-
kish, gutékuish; a., cleft, ndsikish;
as a keyhole, mét’hli; a. on lodge
top, smoke-hole, ginyish; a. scratched
out, ibékantko; a., thoroughfare, gin-
szish; a. of a tube or of the bowels,
kilit, ef. ginka; a. made by piercing,
punching, shékish; a. made by light-
ning, nute’ks; to close an a., yanka-
pshti; to place into an a., yankapshti.

apex, wihla, wilhashlash; of a con-
ical body, tree, hapa. Cf. point.

apparatus; expressed by the suf-
fix -6tkish, contr. -6’tch, -i’tch; a.
Sor making fire, shlikuy étkish; a. for
measuring, skilulyétkish; a. for
shooting, bow and arrows, taldshi,
nté-ish. Cf. implement, tool.

appear, v.t., héshla; a. as, né’pka;
a. first, said of daylight only, ni-
lakla; appearing as, -ptchi, -shitko.
Cf. alike to.

appellation, shéshash.

appetite; tii’mish; fo satisfy one’s
a., shohéta, ’-una.

apple, i’plésh.

apple-tree, i’p'lsam anku, ellipt.
ii’p’lsam.

apply, v.t.; a. over, lidsya, nédsya,
idsya; what is applied, rubbed to the
body-surface, shatélakish.

apportion, v. t., she-a'ta.

appreciate, v. t., stinta, witchna.

apprise, v. t., teach, hashiiga; to
report to, inform, stiltpa, hishtalta;
apprised of, shayuaksh; to be ap-
prised of, shayuakta, tiména. Cf.
announce, v.

approach, v. i; a. close to, gaki-
dmna; a. closely while running, hi-
tampka, du. tishtampka, pl. tin-
tampka; a., go over towards, gakua;
a. in a hostile or friendly «tention,
galdshawia, galdshui; a. on the sly,
gdnta, hushtitanka; a. setting time
(sun, moon), tinoléna; a. to, in the
sense of touching, genila; a. by the
trail, road, shakatla.

appropriate, shfpatch; at the
‘a. time, tché-etak; a. for working,
shtitesh.

April; inaccurately rendered by
kAptchélam shinaktish, v.

apron, shikpidyash; large whole
a. buttoned on back, héshlaklash;
skin a., small a., sinia-ish.

Ara or Kdarok Indian, nom. pr.;
Skatchpalikni.

argue, v.t., shempéta, hashtaltala.
Cf. dispute, v.

arise, v.i. hitkala, du. tushtkala,
pl. tintkala; a., as fog, smoke, luyé¢-
ga; a. from sleep, patkal, patkal-
péli; a. when sitting, tgd-uléya,
teélya, pl. lualo’lya; a. suddenly,
hitkalshna.

arm, of human body, we'k; on the
arms, wéktat; an armful, we'k sté-
ni; to balance on one’s arms, shidk-
shiaga; to beckon with one’s 1.,
nikanka, népatka shahamuya; fo
carry under one’s a., shaktila; to
carry, hold on one’s arms, long obj.,
kshéna, kshiyamna; to carry off,
about, in the arms, kshukatkal; wn-
der one’s a. or arms, shayantildsha,;

506

to carry, hold under one’s a., arms, |
shultfla; something long, shutfla; |
to lean on one a., kidpka; to put the
a. out of, extend it, nika wii'k, or
nika, nikudlka; to put under one’s
a. or arms, shayantila; to go about
with something under one’s a., sha-
yantildsha.

armlet, small arm, wékaga.

armor, made of doubled-up (elk-)
skins, kaknélsh; to be dressed in
such an a., kaknéla; man arrayed
with the kaknoélsh, ktaklish.

armpit, viyukiaks; hair under a.,
ki‘ katilsh.

around, (1) adv., about, in the vicin-

ity of, i-ukakiamna, ttina; a. there,
eint; all a. in horizontal dimen-
sion, ginkakid4mna. (2) prep.; when
connected with verbs, it is usually
rendered by -mna, -pna, and other
suffixes; to be, stand a., about, tka-
lamna, du. luélamna, pl. Itilamna.
t.; a. for the start,
hushi’ktgi; a. from sleep, skishula.

GUE OMS ey -V:
arrange, v.t., né-ulya, shuta; a,
with, ne-ulyia.
array, garb, dress of both sexes,
shuldétish; female a., kuks.
array, v. t., ef. dress, v.; arrayed
with the elk-skin armor, \kté&klish.
arrest, v. t. persons, shnika; a.
and take along, spi’nshna.
arrive, v.i; a. ata place, gitka;
when the arrival is not seen by
Atpa, gatpna ;

the one speaking

oO
toi ts)

a. at, reach to, kKléka; lhitpa, du.

b]

tiishtpa, pl. tintpa; a. almost up to,

ENGLISH-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

gatpankshka; a. at the camp, lodge
geatpamna; a. and depart, gatpani-
la; a. home, geluipka, gémpéle ; a.
on horseback, hushétpa; a. at the top
af an eminence, glizi; a. by the trail,
road, shikatla; a. while traveling in
the distance, gitkapsha; a. with
somebody or something, gatpéndta.

arrow; hunting a. with wooden point,
taldshi, dim. taldshidga; war-a.,
with stone point, ngé-ish, télak; fo
shoot arrows, ngé-isha; arrows at,
nté-ishala; shlin, pl. yuita; to shoot
arrows at somebody, nté-ishalta ;
hunting bow and arrows together,
tildshi; armed with b. and a., tald-
shitko; war-bow and arrows to-
gether, nté-ish; long a. used by
conjurers as magic tool, hiinii’sish ;
Jlier of a., lash; to provide arrows
with fliers, hla’; point of a., ef. ar-
row-head, arrow-point; a. made of
the dog-rose bush, tehtitiam; a.
made of the shal-reed, nte’ktish, and
of another shape, sha’l; a. made of
the tchak-bulrush, tchak; a. made of
the widshibam-reed, widshibam.

arrow-head of stone, shiwalsh; of
flint, kokéle shawalsh; of iron,
tehikémen shawalsh; of obsidian,
mbtshaksh-shawalsh, mbti‘shaksh,
metsmetsawals; a.-h. of wood, ute’-
ktcham tulfsh or tulfsh; a.-h. diverg-
ing below, pitchyash; to provide with
an a-h., sha-tla; for somebody,
sha-ulia; a.-h. chipper made of horn,
tzapalksh; notch for inserting a.-h.,
tulfsh.

armlet—assert.

Arrow-Head, nom. prop. loc,
Mbit’shaksh-Shawalsh.

arrow-point, wooden, of bird-
hunters’ arrow: nté’ktcham tulfsh,
or tulfsh.

arrow-shaft, of light arrow, nté’k-
tish; a.-sh. polisher of stone, y¢chish;
a.-sh. straightener of stone, tkuil-
kish; a.-sh. straightener of wood,
tkuy6étkish.

article, in the sense of obyect,
thing, something, tui; every a. or
every kind of articles, nanuktua; a.
in the sense of instrument, tool, is

expressed by the suffix-étkish, abbr. |

-otch; a. forming part of an imple-
ment, shute-6tkish; a. serving for
doing, performing something, shute-
étkish; a. producing disease, pain,
tatktish; a. used in treating the sick,
miduash, tehuténdtkish ; a. used for
killing, poisoning, k’lekétkish; many
obj., luelétkish. Cf. object.

articulation, of limbs, kélansh,
nawalash.

?
go up hill, niwalka, tinfyi; when
quickly, huwaliii’ga, pl. gawaliii’ ga.
a. above the horizon, said of celestial
bodies, gé-upka; tinfyi, tiniéga,
tinshipka; a. in the distance, ga-
tlapka; a. as fog, smoke, luyéga; a.
repeatedly, ga-ilakpka; a. r. again,
ga-ulapkapéle; @., as a spider in
the web, shalamnidsha, shalag-
gaya; Ityamna, pl. pé-ukanka;
a, as a tree, ladder, kékantcha.

ascend, v.t.; a. as a horse,

ascend, v.i, ga-tla, ga-ti'lya; a.

ge-

507

lapka; a.a horse while on a trip or
journey, gelaptcha; a. by using
hands, ge’hlapka; a. quickly, as a
horse, holapka.

ashamed, to be, ndétchka.

ashes, lt’kslaksh, Mod. likpeks; to
reduce to a., shnélya.

Ashland, nom. pr. of an Oregonian
town, A’shlin.

aside of, prep.; close to, wigdtan.

ask, v.t., as a question, vila, vu-
lankia; a. questions repeatedly or
continually, vilantana; a. for, vila,
vulankia; a. for, beg repeatedly, sha-
kétka; a. for money, valuables, hi-
shyakta.

asleep, ktanatko; to fall a., ktansha,
ktinshna; to be a., ktAna.

assail, v.t. gi/lki, gutampka; a
with blows, ndiipka. Cf. assault, v.

assassinate, vy. t., hushtchdka;
shiuga, pl. ltela, Mod. Itela, shu-
énka, hiishyé’ei. Cf. kill, murder,
slay, v.

assault, v. t, shkandga; a. each
other with stones, ete., shuntapka.
Cf, assail, attack, v.

assemble, t., shia’lki, shin’l-
kipéle; shitlagia, Mod. shitilagien;
a. by a call, shvhmdka, sha’hmilgi,
shukd@Iki.

assemble, v.i. ef. derivatives of
radix lfu-, under gather, v. i.

assembly, general a., shuki'Ikish.

assent, v.i. humiasht gi; né-asht
gi, Mod. né-asht gi; shewé-ula.

assert, v. 1, shdpa; hémkanka,

Vic

hemé’ ze.

se

508

assimilate to, v.i.fla, more freq.
in the d., yéla.

assist, v. i, hashatudya, tchilla;
a. each other, hashatudya; a. as al-
lies, shitchla, tchflla; a. a conjurer
in his performances, litatka; a. im
getting up, ktiuyéga; a. in warfare,
tehilla, tchinta; a. the opposite party
in warfare, tchinta.

assistant, conjurer’s, lutatkish.

associate with, v. i, shawalinii’a,
shitehla, shitchlala.

association, mépoks; to form an
a., mépka.

assume, v. t., shéwa, héwa. Cf.
suppose, think.

astraddle, shkéktleziank; to se
a., shkéktlezia.

astray; to be a. yé-ishi, ldlalza,
lulina; to go a, ldkanka, Ityapka,
lutchipka, nikanka. Cf. stray,
wander, v.

atoms; dust, nki‘ka; to be full of a.,
nki‘ka; to grind to a., péksha.

atrophied; “dried up,” nzi'tchatko.

attach, v.t.; to hitch, shlitchta.

attack, v. t, g@Iki, gutimpka,

tashui; with blows, ndt'pka, shka-

niga; lo be on the point of attack-

ing, hushtdépakta.

reach to, Wléka; a.

Cf.

Dial, vets
through pursuit, peno‘dsha.
arrive, v.

attempt, v.t, kéko, tchiktzaga,
haméni; a.morethan once, kéko-uya;
a. many times, tehuktyakanka.

attention; to pay a. to, matchatka;
to listen to, stéyak’lakpa.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

‘attire, s, dress, garb,shuldtish; a.of
? ? ?

beads, ornaments, shnawa’kish; to
be in full a., shulitamna; to put on
a., while going, shuludtchna.
auburn, as hair, mukmitkli.
audacious, kfldsh; to bea. hishn-
kita.

augury; of good a., tidshi;
a., kiidshi.

August, nom. pr., corresponds in-
accurately to the month tyépo in
its instr. case, tgopdwatka.

aunt; fathers sister, p’kitchip;
mother’s sister, p'shakip.

aurora borealis, shniya.

autumn, shalam; é és a. shahl-
milya; the beginning of a., sha’hl-
malyo‘tch.

avail; ¢o no a., huna’shak, nii’‘nsak,

avalanche, snow-slide, dkuash.

avaricious, widshikish; fo be a.,
widshika.

aver, v.t., shéwala.

avlone shell, ktchak, laktash.

avoid, v.t. shénuya, shénuidsha;

of bad

shukidta.

await, v.t., the coming of somebody,
something, tchawaya; a. in a canoe
the entering of the fish into a dip net,
stilaka.

awake, v. t.; from sleep, skishila.

awake, adj.; tobecomea., skishila.

aware of, shayuaksh; éo be a. of,
kitiza; to become a. of, shayuakta,
shemtchalya.

away, adv.; far, far away, kt, kui:

when con

nected with verbs, as fo send away.

being a., absent, née;

assimilate

a, is expressed by verbal prefixes
(gu-, ku-), or suffixes (-tcha, -tehna,
etc.); a. from, prep., welitana; a.
From home, camp, i’wa, cf. twag; a.
Srom any houses, lodges, ktinag.
awkward, wennini, abbr. wénni.

to—ball. 509

awl, sdkta; bone-a., wakash, kiko
sikta, sikta.

ax; small, tehiktchikash; large, shlak-
étkish; heavy ax for felling trees,
udshitchétkish.

1Ey

babbler, waltkish.

baby, mt’ksh, Mod. shuéntch; dim.
mtkaga, Mod. shuentchéga; b. boy,
hishuakga; 6. girl, shnawédshka;
b.-board, shuéntch, Mod. stiwizét-
kish; small b.-board, Kl. shuen-
tchaga.

bachelor, hishuaksh kéliak shna-
wedsh, tchiluish; old b., t’shika;
lit. ‘old man.”

back, of persons or animals, ki’-
mat; behind on b., yaimtétan; b-
of quadrupeds, élhuish; to carry
on 6. shdlamna, shépolamna, ti-
dshna; to carry on 6., shoulders,
especially a load by strap, métk’la;
to hold or carry on b., as baskets,
skayamna, skatkala, skatya; to
smear, line, rub on one’s b., shidlam-
na; b. of chair, tchapata.

back, adv. When connected with
verbs, as to walk b., it is usually
expressed by the suffix -péli, -péle,
-ple; gob.! kvitak! Cf. home, adv.

back of, prep., behind, kuita.

backbiter, wiknish, dim. wikni-
Aga; to be ab., shéwala.

backbone, élhuish.

backward; to walk b. like a crab,
ski’-ika.

bacon, pli. Cf fat.

bad, kuidshi; ofa b., mean character,
papalish, tchdkalsh, sha‘tptchi; «
man of b. intentions, hishuaksh ki-
idshi steinash; b., hateful, anim. and
inan., tchektchékli; b. thing! excl.,
ké-ash!

badger, Taxidea americana, kii'lsh.

badly, kui; to treat b., outrage,
kt shita.

bag, la‘klaksh, wakogsh, willishik;
b. for provisions, tayash; long b. for
grain, provisions, lyalyAmnish, wil-
lishik; game b.,shultilash Cf. sack.

bail, v.t., as a canoe, 4mpu kitéka.

bake, v. t., b. or cook, hushnd‘ka; b.
ma pit, puka; b. provisions in the
ground, awala, satndlha; one who
as baking bulbs, roots, pukish.

balance, vy. t.; to b. on one’s arms,
‘shidkshiaga. :

bald-headed, stakoldélatko.

ball, globiform body, \éwash; play-b.,
shakuéash, léwash, shuntoyakea-
étkish; shi’p’luash, dim. shupliga;
to play a b.-game, léwa; to play at b.

510

or club, sht-t'ta: some kinds of balls,
especially foot-b., shiktédkanksh ;
eye-b., \i'lpam léwash; 6. of the
Soot, rifle-b., ngé-ish,
shawalsh ; cannon-b.,

staklinsh;

mt’ni_ sha-
walsh; b.-shaped, kalkali. -

balloon, hushdnualksh.

bandy; éo play b., sht-t'ta.

bank, especially when high, walish,
knadklitko; on the opposite b. of a
river, tt’eshtant kédke. Cf. beach,
shore, water.

banner, shi, plée’k. Cf. flag.

bar, v. t.; b. an entrance, opening,
yankapshti.

barber, shmushmo’‘klish.

barberry bush, Berberis aqui-
Jolium, welé'li.

bare, bared, expressed by the
adv. pila, or by kéliak. Cf.
skull.

bark, s., oftree, plant, nds&dsh; coarse
outer b. of tree, kné-udshi; ndsé‘dsh;
Jibrous or inner b. of tree, stépalsh;
to remove it, stbpéla; b. scraper, ki-
uldlsh.

bark, v.i., paka, péklua, hi’ma.

barrel, Mod. wikogsh

barren, kaftua wawdé-ish; said of
a woman, tchitu; b., dry, rocky land,
kna’‘t, Mod. kla‘dsh.

barter, v.t., heshelidta, shenitita,
shfyuta, shéshatui, sheshatufka; to
Jollow the bartering trade, heshelista,
shiyuta; to reobtain by bartering,
heshyalpéli; to return from barter-
ing, sheshatuitka.

base of play-ground, ytash.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

bashful; 6. person, ki-i waltkish.

t.. im the sun, tcheléya;
tchatiwa, pl. wawatawa.

basket, flat and round or ovoid,
bucket-like, kéla; seed-b. made of
roots, ni-i; conical, made of willows,
yaki; large root-, seed-b., tchakéla,
dim. tchakéla-iga; large root-digger
b., Mod. hlivash; hand seed b, we-
kétkish; small rush- or reed-b., tél-

b. filled with
baked roots, food, iIksh; .-shaped
hat, made otf willows, tehdla;> to
carry about im a b., skayamna, skat-
kala, skatza; to carry back or home
on one’s back, or in ab., skatzidsha,
skatzipéli; to hold in a large, or
seed-b., skayamna; to give in a b.,
skaya.

bat, ktchidsht, dim. ktchidshodga.

bath; to take a steam-b., spt’kli,
Mod. limkéka; to take a cold b.,
péwa, pé-udsha; @ hot b., kélua.

bathe, v.1, i cold water, péwa; to
go and b., pé-udsha; locality for
bathing, péwash.

battle, v.i., sisséka, d. of shiuga;
with weapons, shendtanka, shéllual;
battling, shishtikash.

battle, s., shéllualsh, shishtikash:
on a b.-field, shellualshkshi, Mod

bask v:

tks, dim. télizaga;

shellualsh-gishi; to give b., shéllual;
to defeat in b., udtiyua, udupka;
a oe an
wini vi, Mod. vitizin.
be, v. 1, gi; to b., exist, stay, ei; the
stalk is white, tehélash padlpali gi;
ol; not tob

I or?

to begin to b., to become

on hand, present, kii'gi; b. below, un-

Lia.

balloon— beautiful. ay (5|

derneath, in the shadow of, kshutila,
pl. i-utila; b. in contact with, said
of a long subj., taliga; b. on some-
thing, to stick to, gintana; b. on
the ground, inan. subj., Ibika;
in a certain place, tehia, tchizdga;
pl. wa, wadshuga; b. the property
of, gi, gi'tko, cf. gi (4). 0. sick,
unwell, kii gi; ma’sha, shila; to b.
well, tidsh gi, tidsh hushlta; b. to-
gether, shukW ki; b. near, in contact
with, or on edge of the water, round
subj., laliga; long subj,, taliga.

beach, knaklitko; to forma b., yu-
lalina; to stand at the b., liuliga.
Cf. bank, shore, water.

bead, yahf, dim. ydhiaga; grain of
b., yamnash; blue-colored b., pupt-
dsha; b. of bone, kiko yahi, kako
yamnash; b. bulging out on ends,
tchakptehi; 0. ef an elongated shape,
kti/Its; glass b., yahi; b. thickest in
the middle, tst'tsaptstiks; b.-string,
beads, necklace, i’ mnaks, yamnash,
shankdkash, shnawa’‘kish; beads in
a bunch, shnawa'kish; beads im a
ring, inserted im the nose-septum,
shipkgish; to adorn one’s neck with
beads, shnawa‘ka; to manufacture
beads, yamnashla; to wear beads,
shultitamna, shnawa’ka.

beak of bird, shi’m. Cf. bill.

beam of wood, anku, pipkash; /og,
himpoks; to jump over beams, him-
putiaziéa, Mod. mbute’ye. Cf.
jump, skip.

beam of light, ktchalzish; of ris-
ing or setting sun, stitish; sun-

beam, ktchdlyish; to reflect sun-
beams, ktchalta.

beam, v.i.; to b. forth, ktchalhua,
ktchalya.

beans, pinsh.

bear, v. t., éna, idsha, idshna; cf.
carry; to 6. children, uka'kgi,
wekala: to b. offspring, said of
animals, hla-a; to be borne, flit to
a distance, ni’dsha, nt’dshna; to
be borne, roll, spread, tila.

bear; black b., Ursus americanus,
witii’m, dim. witiimaga; cinnamon
b., Ursus americanus, var. cinnamo-
meus, naka; grizzly b. Ursus
americanus, var. horribilis, lak;
g. b. cub, Wikaga, shashapka ; ‘ Old
Grizely,” nom. pr. of a mythic ani-
mal, Likamtch, Shashapsh, Sha-
shapamtch,

beard, smo‘k; wearing a b., shmo-
kaltko.

beast; no generic term; b. hunted,
game, if a quadruped, lilhanksh.

beat, v.t., wi-udsha; fo chastise by
beating, wihii’‘tchya; b. somebody,
nd’ pka, udtipka; b. with a stick, ete.,
udipka, udipkpa, udtiyua, vita,
vud/hita, vuduika; 6., as a drum,
udi‘nténa; b. into, down into, as seeds
into a basket, wéka; 0. upon with a
tool, mpata, ndika; b., het each other,
shékpéya, sissdka, ndityua, udtt-
yua, ef. shtika; b. oneself, shi/ktka;
b. the wings, néna, ninia, Mod.
shne’dsha. Cf. hit, slap, strike, v.

beautiful, tidshi; said of per-
sons, tidshi, afshishtchi.

512

beautifully, tidsh.

beauty, personal, afshishtchi.

beaver, ptm; beaver’s den, pimam
wish; beaver’s teeth game, skii'shash.

beckon, v.i.; b. to somebody, kin-
shipkia, kudcta; b. with one’s arm,
hand, nikinka; b. with the hand
to come, népatka shahamuya.

become, v.i.; to turn out as, k’léka,
oi; to b. worse, kui gi. When con-
nected with an adj., to become is
usually expressed by verbal suf-
fixes, as -dla, -tgi, and others.
Many of these verbs are attribu-
tive verbs at the same time; to
b. rusty, hesydtana, héshlaktcha ;
to b. angry, kilua; ef. angry.

bed, shdhiash; 0b. of the natives,
szOlakgish, Mod. szulkish; shlé-ish ;
tolie m b., skt’lpka, pl. 1é6lumi;
sptka, fpka, skt’lha; when sick,
ipka; to go to b., to retire, skiilya,
pl. Wilalya.

bedaub, v. t., ita, ipka, shidshka ;
b. oneself, pitik shi-ita, sbi-ita. Cf.
besmear, line, smear, v.

bedbug, kéhiash.

bedeloth, shlé-ish.

bedstead, szuludlkish.

bee, bi, héné-shtshatish; beesewaz,
bi’sam wax, shnetchuéktekittch.

beef; cattle, mishmush, Mod. viish-
mush; b. meat, mishmusham tchul-
éksh.

beet, pawatch. -

beetle; large b., ktchayash; small
b., shnishntotch-gitko; species of
b., shatkish; species of b. with large

— Oe)

~«

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

Jangs, naishlakgish; species of green
or purple b., tgilutch. Cf. bug.
before, (1) prep. loc. b., in front of;
lupia, lupitana; (2) prep. temp.
lupitana, lupftan, lipia; who or
what comes b., lupini, lupitni; in
rank or age, tyé-u; (8) conj., earlier
than, lipiak; kayutch and kaéyu,
Mod. kayu.

beg, v.t. to ask for, vila; b., asa
beggar, shakétka.

beggar, shashkitkish; papatalish ;
constant, persistent b., shashkotakta-
lish.

begin, v.t., at one end, tmuyéga;
connected with verbs, to b. is ex-
pressed by the suffixes -éga, -iii’ga,
-tampka.

behave, v.1.; 0. well, tidsh gi, tidsh
shita; 6. dl, kii gi, kdi shita;
one who behaves so, that way, hakt-
champtchi; 0b. extravagantly, ké-ika,
kii‘la, sheshzé'la; behaving extrava-
gantly, oddly, kaé-ikash, sheshzeila-

Cf. antics.

behest, shuni’kanksh, né-wlaksh,
tpéwash. Cf. order, v. and s.

behind; (1) prep. loc., tapitana ; on
the other side of, gunigshtant, gt-
nitana; back of, kiita. Cf. beyond.
(2) adv. loc., tapi, ti’hak ; one who
remains b., tapitankni.

behold, v.t., shléa, télshna; b. again,
shlépéle; b. at a distance, shle’pka;
behold! hagei! hé-i! Cf.look, see, v.

believe, v. t.; to be of opinion,
KX]. and Mod. héwa, shéwa, kshapa,
Mod. képa; b. in, to trust, ldla.

ash.

beautifully —bestow. 513

bell, lakakash; Métle b., wawd-ush; bend, s. tomakeab., said of rivers,

church b., tintan. : | ete., shtehukalkidsha; of roads, ga-
bellow, v.i., ha’ma. ke’mi.
bellows, shnewalknotkish. beneath, prep., hintila, i-utila, ete.;
belly, nkash; to lie on b., lie flat on ef. below, under, underneath.
the ground, wimpka; to sprawl while bent, adj., tikiwatko, tishilatko,
lying or floating on b., willaslina. Mod. tishiwatko; crooked, shtehi-
belly-ache, gutitgtilash; to have — shalkatko; b. through old age, tish-
b.-a., nkash ma’‘sha. yatko; to become b. by age, tishka.
belonging to his, her, or its place, benumbed, to be, v. pass., taps-
house, lodge, hunkélamskni; b. to an- zoya; with cold, said of nose, ears,
other, or to other tribes, lands, wen- ete., katka; of extremities, nda-itia.
nikni, atikni; b. to the other side, bereaved; b. of the father, p’tish-
tikni; b. to me, gé-u, to thee, you, mi. lilatko ; b. of the mother, p’gi’sh-lt-
below, prep., hintila, i-utila, tehu- latko, ef. orphan; b. of his children,

tila, inotila; somebody or some-
thing located, situated b., yana-kant,

said of father only, tchaklakatko; b.
of her child, lekila; of two or more
yanani, yantani; coming fron b., be- children, said of mother only, lep-
ing deep b., munatalkni; to be, lie b., —— kiékatko.

utila; be, sit, lie, stay b., tehutila, pl.

bereavement; fo suffer b., tchakléya,
liutila, wawatila; be, exist, sit, lie b., klekila. Cf. bereaved, lose, v.
said of round obj., lutila; fo bring berry, fwam, lutish; a species of
from b., yana; to put b., utila; to b., kélatch; deadly berries, kéla-
stand b., tgutila, pl. lévutila; to ko’teh ya-uks ; b.-paste mixed with
stand b. the one speaking, ttya. camass, shikalsh; to gather berries,
belt; skin b., kailish; to put ab. on, — sté-ila, habitually, t-umala; to return
kafli. | from b. harvest, t-umaltka.
|

bench, tehawalkish. _besmear, v.t:, kaknéga, or kaknéga

bend, v.t.; b. backward or down-| — shidshka; ludso’sha, syaknéga, ita,
ward, kshapata; b., b. back, as a} ipka; b. with oil, ete., shutchd’sha ;

bow, sti/nkpéli; 0b. the body down- b. the body of another, tudsho’sha,

wards, stoop down, knikla, tehi'lya ; shi-usha; b. oneself, hushkaknéga,

b., Jorma ring or coil, weplakiamna; shf-ita, shf-usha. Cf. bedaub, line.
b over for clasping, hishliitanke; b.| bestow, v. t., round obj., liya, pl.
the head for a bite, shuishtchaktchka; péwi, shewdina; long obj., tya,
bent over, shtchishalkatko, tikiwa-| kshitya, pl. yana, shewana; b. a
tko; ef. bent; b. around, as roads, liquid, tchiya; 6. through somebody
gake’mi. else, niukla. Cf. give, v.

33

514

bestrew with, fdsya; as with |
salt, ta, shewdna.

bet, vt. to make bets, shid; hé-
shkt, Mod., héshgun.

between, amid, i-utamsya; when
on same level, tzAlam, K1. tatzélam ;
b., inside of, within, i-ukak; often
expressed by verbal suffixes: to be,
stand b., tkAlamna, du. ludlamna,
pl. Itilamna; to dig b., met’tamsza;
to fall b., hinsza; to stand b., tgitsza-

beverage, buno‘kish.

bevy; to form a b., shuki'Tki, liwa,
tulha, wa.

bewail, v.t., shudktcha, ludtpishla,
Ifla, stt’tzishla.

bewildered, I¢ékatko, l¢kish; fo
be b., lama.

bewilderment, state of, la‘m-
lemsh.

bewitech, v.t., tawi; to be bewitched

bewitching

power, yayaya-as; shui’sh.

by a_ spell, shalzita;

oshta; re- |

beyond, gtnitana; guni’
ferring to rivers, ete., ti’gshtanta;
referring to mountains, ttitana; D.,
on the opposite side of the camp,

Cf. back of.

bid, v.t.; b. farewell, shéka; b. welcome,

house, twutit.

stinta; cf. welcome.
big, bulky, mini; wide, broad, kin-
kutko ; tall, atini, abbr. ati.
bifurcate, v.i., wé-ukala.
bile, gall, pish.
bill of birds, sht’m; to use bird-bills
as neckwear, to wear a necklace of
bird-beaks, shtunalua. |
billow, Ikash; to raise billows, lkén.

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

bind, v.t., wapil’ma; tie up, wépla;
b. together, shila,
tinkopka; b. into a bundle, shutila,
shultila. Cf. tie, wind, v.

bird, generic, tehfkash; ndnuk-
tua lasaltko; forest-b., generic,
tchikash; species of gray, little for-
est-b., tchikash; young or little b. of

ski’tawia ,

any species, tchililiks; young or little
b. of the forest, tchililika: ducks, geese,
and all aquatic birds resembling
these, mi’mikli. The following
are the names of such bird-species
of which the English equivalents
could not be obtained: species of
black b, gwi, né-ulinsh; species of
Jorest b, szi'b, tehishyizi, tehiwiti-
tikaga, vuiplé-ush; species of very
small b., wihuash; species of little
black forest b., shatkish; species of
night b., spotted wings, tsiszibs;
‘species of Jitile b., nani‘lash, pép =
tsikash; species of aquatic b, tsa-
kentish, tchakiuks; species of little
white aquatic b., kathidwash.
bit, morsel, tehélézish; a little b. of,
kitcha, kinka, kinkak; a little b. of
ice, kitchkani we'sh; bridle-b., ef.
bridle.

bitch,

fo
p*

udshilo watchiga; young
b, ndshiluaga watchdga.

bite, v.t.; generic: kéka; b. audi-
bly, pi’kpuka; b. cach other, ko-
tiyua; b, oneself, accidentally or on
purpose, shukéka; b. oneself in the
tongue or lip, shokétana; 6. some-
body in the bone, ko-itehatchta; b.

in the hair or fur, kudtehala, contr.

bestrew with—blood. 515

egt’tchala; kudtchaka; 0. into, kéka,

kudtchaka; 0. off, kuatcha; b. off a |
piece, particle, kwit'shka; b. off from,

or holes into, kui‘ka; b. off minute
portions, to nibble, kuakdékshka; b.
off from a surface, kueknéla; b. re-
peatedly, kipka; to b., itch, kipka;
b. the skin, as lice, kuatchaki; 6., as
snakes, stii/ka; to b. through, kowak-
tcha; what bites the tongue, mbik-
amnatko.
birth; to give b., to be confined, we'-
kala, nka‘kei; to give b. to twins,
lapeala; to tripléts, ndanii’yala.
bitter, ka-A ma’shitko, mbtikamna-
tko; it tastes b., ka-4 ma’sha.
bivalve, klé‘dshu.
black, pushpushli; adv. pushpush,
b bear, witii'm, cf. bear; b. snake,
waménaksh; a b. substance regarded
as a cause of disease, gti'pal; to be-
come b. from smoke, ete., skélya; to
paint oneself with b. paint, shu-
tpashui.
blackberry, tuitanksham lutish;
b. shrub, tatanksham.
blackbird, Brewer's, Scolecopha-
gus cyanocephalus, tchckaga; b.,
species of Agelaius: tcho’kshash.
blacken, vy. t, plishpush shitta;
to b. shoes, boots, ludso’sha.
blackish, pushptsh-tkani.
Black Lake, nom. pr. of a lake
near Klamath Marsh, Lko’m A’-ush.
blacksmith, tchi/kémen-mpamp-
tish, wAtiti-shtishatish.
black-tail deer, Cervus colum-
bianus, shud-i.

bladder of any kind, shufdshash;

__ b. fastened on something, lawalash,

usually abbr. lawalsh ; swimming b.

of fish, srt’ links, shufdshash, téksh;

b. blown up, shipnush; urine b., shui-

tchash-lawdlash, kan.

blade; longb., té’kish; knife b., wati.

blame, v.t., koktkinshka, shakak-
ta, shakaktna, shkanaga.

blanket; woolen or skin-b., skutash;
a kind of b., pi'ka; wrapped, clad in
a b., skutatko; to make a b. from
small patches, teshashkuala, ski’-
tehala; to dress oneself in ab., skita,
skutia, ski'tchala. Cf. robe, mantle.

blast, of wind, shléwish.

blaze, v.i.; to flame, nita; to b. up,
ndtkalga, tgepaliii’ga; to b. up by
the wind or by itself, ltutka, nilfwa.

blear-eyed, papatkawatko, tché-
tchapkatko.

bleat, v. i, ha’ma.

bleed, v.t., tchékélala; v.i., pt’pa,
tchékélila.

blend, v.i.; blending insensibly, said
of colors, nuatazatko.

blind, papa‘dshatko; to become b. of
one eye, pa'dsha, of both, papa’ dsha.

blink, v. i, kélamtchtémna, sha-
kelamtcha; 6. with one eye, knadshi-
kia.

block of wood, anku.

blockhead, pukéwish-ni’'sh or
p-sht'm.

blonde, /fair-haired, mukmukli.

blood, tchékéli; to lose b., to bleed,
pt’pa, tchékélila ; to extract b., tehé-
kélala.

516

bloom, vy. i., of. blossom, v. 1.
blossom, shlapsh; lé-usham, usu- |
ally in the d. form: lelé-usham;
having blossoms, shlapshaltko, lelé-

usam gitko.

blossom, v.i., shlapa; blossoming,
shlapshaltko.

blow, s.; to strike a b. wiulala;
again, wiulalapéle; to come to blows, |
shfuga, espec. d.: sisséka; shiuktya, |
d. sissukttya; to give blows with a
stick, ete., udtiipka, udtipkpa; to
give blows to each other, shuktapka,
Mod. ndtiyua, kttiyua; to return
blows, shekaktcha; to threaten with

blows, hushasha, ht'shtza ; fo attack
with blows, ndti’pka.

blow, v.i., said of winds, shléwi;
of the east wind, yéwa; of the north
wind, yama; of the west wind, tzala-
ma; of the south wind, mia; to
b. across, over, wikansha; b. around
in the sky, shlewilamna; b around,
as storms, vuydmna; b. at, toward,

wilhua, b. at, after, around, wila-

mna; b. at or upon persons, wita,
shlewita ; b. continually, witcha; b. a
gentle breeze, ushikshka, Mod. ushi-
ka; b. down upon, wita, witna; b.
down into, witila; b. into, wildla;
b. off, witna ; to b. out, emit air, wika;

b. out from, out of, witka, witzndla;

b. through, said of strong air-drafts, |
wili; b. through, light air-drafts,

ukidshlin; b. underneath, into, wittla;

to cease blowing, wilza.
blow, v.t.; with the mouth, pniwa,
pni-ukshla, shléwi; b. out from mouth,

ENGLISH —- KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

witzndla; b.into, pniutakta; b. smoke
into, wiuka; b. out of, down, or away,
pniulina, witka; b. outa candle, ete.,
pino’ptcha, pni-ukshla; b. wp, pui-
wa; to be blown up, shipni; blad-
der blown up, inflated, shipnush; b.
breath from one’s mouth, shlewitak-
ntila.

Blow, nom. pr. of ahead chief, Plu,
SélWhoks.

blue; sky-blue, mitchmi’tehli; b. of
the b. jay, tehye-utehy¢-uptehi; pur-
ple-b., yamnashpteli; b. mixed with
gray, bluish-gray, said, f. i. of water-
birds, mii/kmiikli; 6.-colored beads,
pupi’dsha.

blunt, kui takatke; to be b., kui

blush, v.i., ndétehka, Mod. ndétch-
oi; ta ytki.

blushing, s., ndétehkish.

board, of lumber, papkash; b., if
cut with the ax, utchiyatko anku;
baby-b., shuéntch, Mod. stiwizét-
kish; wigwam constructed of boards,
uképélaksh; provided with head-
and foot-b. (grave), titadszatko.

boat, vinsh, dim. vunshaga; sail-b.,
shneklotelhnétkish = vi/nsh; vimsh.

boatman, sytyamnish.

body; b. alive or dead, human ov
animal, tehtéksh; cubiform b., she-
watlycash; b. of people belonging to-
gether, mépoks; to form a b. of peo-
ple, mépka; dead human b., Wlekat-
ko, tehtdéksh; b. of child, tehuld-
kaga,

iti’ mulatko.

bog,

bloom —bowstring.

bogey, tupéshti; to be b, tupéna.
boil, v. i, said of water; likua,
kélpka; b. and throw up bubbles,

ndupualya. Cf. boiling.
boil, v. t ndka, tdluodsha; Ob.
liquids, shnekdlpka, tchildla; 0.

meat, ete., tehildla; vase used for
boiling, tchilalétkish.

boiling, kélpoksh, kéluash, 16-
kuash; to be at b. heat, \ikua.

bold, ka-ivi’shish; b. warrior, fight-
er, kildsh. Cf. brave.

bolt, v.t., asa door, ktiuga.

bolt, s., ktiukish.

bombard, v. t., to throw at, shu-
tuyakiéa; shnikiwa, Mod. shnikéa.

bondsman, Ilt’gsh.

bone, kako; beads of b., kako, yahi;
string of b. beads, kiko yamnash;
awl of b., wakash; kako sikta,
sikta; backbone, Ahuish;
lar b.,
skull-b., nishti kako; ef. skull.

book, pfpa; writing b., cover, leaf of
b., pipa.

boot, stikshui.

clavicu-

nté-ish; jawbone, kiko;

bore, v.t., kéka, shéka; b. through,
tkéka, tuéka; b. one’s nose-septum,
hashtka; b. another's nose, sti‘lka;
small boring instrument, tuekétkish.
Cf. perforate, pierce, v.

boring, aperture, ibékantko.

born, to be, gi’ulza; where are you
b.? tat i gi-ulézatk?

borrow. ve t.. vulya-

bosom, vushé; of females, édsh-
ash.

boss, lak, hashtaltampkatko.

517

both, lapok; at b. places, spots,
lapukni; 0. times, lapukni.

bottle, bunuo’tkish, Kl. wAkogsh;
orifice of b., ginzantko.

bottom, of barrel, lake, river, etc.,
lémtina; down in the b., mina, mu-
nina; dry river b., kokdlam_ pal-
kuish, kupkupéle; ¢o be at the b.,
or to swim near the b. of the water,
lémuna.

bough, of tree, we'k, dim. wékaga;
of coniferous tree, pt'shyam.

boulder, mi‘ni kté-; high b, cliff,
walish.

bounce, v.i. kshittchna, hiyeka;:
b. over an obstruction, himputiazica,
Mod. mbutée’ze.

bout; to have ab., sissuktya, sissdka,
shika.’ Cf. blow, s.

bow, v. i, for a welcome, uth’titka

bow, as a@ weapon, with-
out arrows, nté-ish, dim. ntéyaga ;
b. and arrows for bird-hunters, tld-
shi, dim. taldshidga; armed with b.
and arrows, taldshitko; b. made fron
the tsupinksham yew-trec, tstip-
inksh; to draw the b. for shooting,
shlatampka, shléwala; to make a
small b., nteyakala.

bow of boat, canoe, piash.

bowel, kaya; the bowels, nkash;
soft bowels of the tst’pkish-fish,
tsti’pkish.

bowl, kapa, dim. kapéga; large b.
made of scirpus, ete., miksha. Cf.
cup, vase.

bowstring, nvhlish; to draw the b.

with or

for shooting, shlatampka, shléwala.

518

box, iwizétkish, béx; little b. with
a lock, miiwiz6tkish.

boy, tehdki, dim. tchakidga; kitch-
kani usually abbr.
kitchkani; b. in the sense of son,

b.-child, young
b., up to adult age, hishuakega; 0b.
between ten and fifteen, tchilluyaga;
b. over fifteen, tehiluish.

brag, v.i., to be bragging, shipnu.

hishudkga,

wéash, dim. wéka;

braid, v.t., one’s own hair, shikpka,
shukat’ndla.

braid; hair-b. of males, on temples,
shikpaksh; hair-b. of females, on
back, wéktash; to gather one’s hair
into a b., shakpka, shukat’ndéla

brain, tapsnék, Mod. tlézo.

bran, lé’p.

branch of tree, shrub, we’k, dim.
wékaga; Anku; willow b. used as
Frame for structures, \shi‘klak.

branch out, v.i., into limbs, twigs,
roots, wé-ukala.

brandish, v. t., above one’s head,
sha-ulédla. Cf. swing, v.

brandy, lam.

brant, Anser canadensis, lalak.

kaki’kli watiti; cf. cop-
per, bronze.

brave, adj.,~litehlitchli; killitko;
plucky, ka- vishish; b. fighter, kil-
lank shishtikish.

brass,

brave, s. sheshaldlish, shishik-

ish; in the sense of man bearing

arms, hishuaksh, Mod. hishudtehy- |
) ; KG

ash.
bravely, litchlitch.
brawl, v.i., tehiluyéya.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

bray, v.i., ha’ma.

bread, pala-ash, Mod. shipéle; to
make b., shutéshla

breadth; to make of the same b.,
hishyélilya.

break; v.t.; generic: to fracture,
disintegrate, kéwa, pl. ngutldsha,
ngtmshka; b. asunder, as strings,
etc. kata, ngdta, pl. ngtldsha;
long obj., tékua, tkéwa; katehka,
akAtchga; shékutka; one long obj.
in one place, yékua; many
places, yekéwa; b. down, as tree-
limbs, ukéwa, pl. ikéwa, i-akéwa;
b into fragments, portions, tkéwa,
shepatya; b. hollow obj., paka
(mbaka, mbika); b. hollow obj. by
letting them fall, mbikla; broken,
pikatko; b. a law, ordinance, ete.,
yékua, pl. yekéwa; 0b. one’s limbs,
tchéma; in one place, shéyakua; b.
off, remove from by breaking, nga-
ishka, yekualdla; b. to pieces, ndsha-
pka, pl. pekéwa; ukéwa, pl. ikéwa;
b. by punching, spika; b. by striking,
f. 1, strings fastened at one end,

in

katchka; b., smash, as glass, tehttya;
b. through, across with the foot,
ukéwa; pl. ikéwa; b up connection,
shegeatya.

break, v.i, b by itself, be broken,
hollow things, paka, (mbuka); b. or
fall off, ndé-ushka; br. off} snap,

ngita, pl ngtldsha; b. down, as rot-

ten wood, te-utéwa; b. down by ex-
haustion, tzélya, pl. lueludlza; b. or
be broken to pieces, go to pieces, shu-
kudshka.

box—bristle.

breast, vushéd; female, édshash;

. of cattle, horses, syddshish; to carry
on one’s b., chest, shakakaga.

breath, and breathing, s., hukish;
to lose b., puta; to emit b., wika.

ineehoOkas 6. im, 0.
again, hokampéle; b. audibly, hicka;
heavily, hléka; b. from internal heat,
kélpa; b. upon parts of one’s body,
shahdka.

breech-clout, kailish; b-c. of
buckskin, formerly worn by fe-
males, hishtchish-
yash.

breed, v. t. andi., hla-a.

breeding, s,, lalé-ish. Cf. brood.

breeze, shléwish; it blows a gentle
b., ushfkshka, Mod. ushika.

brick, shnutétko tépesh, kt4-1; 6.-
house, kta-i latchash.

bride; she is ab., shumpsealuapka
hit.

bridegroom; he is a b., shump-
sealudpka hit.

bridge, shlinkosh; to erect a b.,
shlankoshla.

bridle, shtchi’ktyish; .-bit, ttitkish.

brief, referring to time, tankni.

brimful, stdni; to be b. of, sta; of |
a liquid, éwa.

bring, v.t.; generic terms, but
chiefly in use for the bringing or
carrying of long and heavy obj.,
éna, pl. and coll. (more in Mod. than |
in K1.), idsha, fdshna,; to b , carry to-
wards, when seen by the one speak- |
ing, épka; when not seen by hin, |

breathe, v.

hassufshzish,

dtpa, pl. ftpa; to b., convey home or

519

back, émpéli, idshampéli, ftpampéli.
B. along with, forcibly or not, said of
persons and quadrupeds, sptinshna,
pl. éna, Mod. idsha, fdshna, gin-
kanka; b. along towards, spt’nship-
ka, for another, spunshipkia; back
or home, sptinktchapéli, spuntpam-
péli; on purpose, spt’ntpa, pl. itpa;
while on one’s march, spinktcha;
back again, spuntgitgapéle; 6. to
bed, hushkalya ; b. close to, near to,
ktti’tpna; b. for or to somebody, i
somebody’s interest, enia; b. infor-
mation, news, stillidanka, stiltchna;
b. inside, indoors, within, spa'Thi, pl.
flhi; b. a liquid in one vase, teht-
ktcha, tehiamna; b. long obj., épka,
Mod. atpa, pl. itpa, ftpamna; b. one
long obj. carried on the arms,
kshéna, kshukatkal; to go and b,
iktcha; b. on, to cause, né-ulya; b.on,
as disease, né’/pka; b. out, as out of
the lodge, or to the grave, fsha,
ishnila, flktcha; b., round obj., li-
ka; go and fetch, liktcha, lépka;
b. thin obj., né’pka, néna; b., sheet-
like obj., shlépka; back or home,
shlémpéli, shlepkipéle; habitually,
shlepkipéle; b. together, make meet,
hushkititanka; shitlagia, shit’lki,
Mod. shitlagien; b. together, collect,
gather, sta-ila; into a long basket,
uléyuga; b. up, up hill, yana; 0.
up, raise, as children, hishtatcha.
Many terms under carry, q. v., will
apply here also.

bristle, nil; on hog’s back, shudn-
shakluish.

520

brittle, tehe-{ni.

broad, ma kinkutko; kinkutko.

baron,” v. +t.) anoka:s V0: a pan,
shnitchkua; 6. on the hot coals,
tchlalala, nékla.

bronze, kiki‘kli watiti; b.-colored,
kiikii’kli.

brood,

in

the
young b., wewéka; b. of birds, tehi-
liliks.

brook, kékaga, tukudga; b. flow-

lelédshi, ©wewéash ;

Cf breeding.

ing from a slope, tiund’lsh; coming
trom ab. or from the other side of a
b., kokagtalkni.
broom, vudshloshynétkish. Cf.
brush.

brother, elder or eldest, said by

younger b., tzé-unap; b. related as |

elder to younger b., shetye-unialtko;
b.,
pa-dnip; 6., younger, (in reference
to elder b.), tapiap; b. related as
brothers are to their younger bro-
son or
daughter, said by unele, pa’‘ktish;

elder, said by younger sister,

thers, shatapidltko; — b.’s
said by aunt, p’kutchip; b.’s wife,
said by his sisters,
half-b., tapiap.

pa-alamip ;

brother-in-law, mtlgap, p’tehi-
kap, p’tcht’kap; related as brothers-
in-law, shiptehyaltko. Cf. husband,
wite.

brow, eyebrow, shnékélish, Mod.
shnatligsh.

brown, ka-uké-uli; “ight b., spal-
ptchi; b.-spotted duck-species, et Iks.

brownish, b-black, tiptipli.

browse, v.i, pdwa.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

bruise, v. t., utchaya, shitka; b.
with a stick, ete., udtiiyua, udtipka,
udtpkpa. Cf. beat.

bruiser, shishékish.

brush, s.; cloth b., kushkétkish;
hair-b., shuktishetitkish; hair-b. of
painters, shumaldtkish; scrubbing
b., vudshoknotkish.

brush, v.t.; as hair, kfi’shka; b. off,
ndshashléla, vudshld’shka; 6. down
from, ndshashlina.

brushwood, inserted
hashyammish; b.-lodge, heshkatch-
ki‘mish, b. wall
around camp-fire, skétchlaksh; to

in walls,

kapka-stina’sh;

make a b. wall to secure the fire,
skcétléza; fall species of b., tsii/m-
tsak.
bubble, s.; to throw up bubbles,
seethe, nttiptpa; to come up in bub-
Cf. bubble up.
bubble up, v. i, mpumpuiltka,

bles, nttiptehmaga.

nttiptchmaga; b. up while producing
ripples, shtcheléwa; b. up in water,

from motion below, kmiltzaga,
Mod. kmuteho’sha, from article

thrown in, sti’pualya; b. up, springs
only, ntt’Itzaga; b. up in hot water,
ndtpualya, uttiptpa.

buck, lakf ki-il; in the sense of
male quadruped, lakt, lakiaga.

bucket, pdéko, dim. pokudiga; b.-
like basket, flat kala; to carry in ab.,
sho/dshna, sténa; to give in a b.,
shit, pl. shewana.

buekskin, fanned, mba-ush, uba-
ush; b. breeches, kailalapsh-ubé-ush,

or uba-ush; b. fringe, ptish, pui-

biritt le— barra a Ie

tlantchish; b. leather, b. strap, puké-
wish; b. robe, skiitash; to dress in it,
skitta; b. robe fringed with porcu-
pine quills, shmayalsh.

bud, s. shlapsh; having buds, shlip-
shaltko. Cf. blossom.

buffalo, yuhd.

bug; fly-b, tumble-b., shki’shgish,
lady-b., shnishntotch-eftko; light-
ning, or fire-b., tchatchlai; another
species, tchatchlafptchi; species of
black b., \éluish; species of little
round black b., tehiyupiksh

bugleman, shlushldluish,
shtétish.

build, v. t.; 6. @ lodge, house, ete.,
latecha, Mod. stind-a; b. a lodge cov-
ered with bulrush, stind-a, Kl. and
Mod.; 6. a@ summer- or slab-lodge,

shto-

ug@ hii’ plza; b.a winter house, lulde-
malya; b. a fire, especially camp-fire,
ba
Sire on a journey, shnéna; b. a new |
Sire, or a fire every day, shi dsha-
péli; b. a fire for cooking, shutéla.
builder; house-b., lAldsish.
building, latchash, Mod. stina’sh;
constructor of buildings, laldsish.
bulb, vegetable, Ibika, litish; eatable |

shnita, shné’pka, sht’dsha;

b., growing wild, maklaksam pash;
large b.-shaped fruit, mtt=lbiika.
bulky, muni; kinkutko.
bull, shlilkshaltko.
bullet, ngé-ish; b. ladle, shula-
létkish; b. pouch, shultilash.
bullfrog, Rana pipiens, kbe; small

b., kudga.

bully, shishdkish.

521

bulrush, or tule; generic term for
larger kinds of b., m4-i, in Mod.
often: tkap; overgrown with bul-
rushes, mayaltko; largest species
of b., Scirpus validus, ma-i; other
species: na’s, tehak, witchpai; 0.
mat, laptak; méa-i, mé-i shla-ish,
shla-ish; stapsh, sté-ulash,shlét’hish;
coarseb.-mat, laptak, ma-i shlé-ish; to
gather, collect b., mayalsha. Cf. reed.

bumble-bee, mi’mumsh.

bummer, yampkash. _

bunch, sgtitash; round b. of grass,
Ibuka; to be, exist together in bunches,
liwa, tehipka; to carry about articles
mab.,shtchtyamna; to somebody,
shtchidshapka; to gather, unite ar-
ticles in a b., shtchipka; growing or
united in the same b., shantchaktaén-
tko, tehipkatko; to tie up into ab,
sylita, shti’lya.

-bundle, métkalsh, syitash, shulti-

latko; if long-shaped, shutilatko; to
Jorm ab., tehipka; to tie wp into a
b., sztita; to tie up into a long-shaped
b., shutila. Cf bunch.

bung, lakish.

bung, v.t.; b up, cork, lakia, takia;
bunged up, taki'tko. :

bur, of pine, tchatchgalam, Mod.
tchatchgdlinks.

burden, especially when carried on
back, shoulders, métkalsh, métkal-
tko; heavy b., yiitantko; to carry ab.,
métk’la, métklank na.

burial, isha, ilktcha; 6. place, p’nin-
kish; tribal ov family b. ground,

tchpinu. Cf. bury, v.

522

burn, v.t., shntta; b. up, nita;
b., cause pain, tékteka; to be burnt,
charred up, natspka, nélka; b., while
coming im contact with the body, as
nettles, Whlopdtana; b. corpses, li-
lukshla; 6. to death, kill by. burn-
ing, shnutechdka; b. down, shnélya;
b., singe off, shnuydka; b. oneself on
part of the body, hushnata; b. through,
shnéka.
Symi, \y
shnittya; b. down, natspka, nélka; to

begin to b., shlikui; to cause to b., |
shnuydka, tékteka; to keep burning, |

shnuitimpka; b. at the bottom of a
cooking utensil, nziita, nztitagia.

burrow, s., sti, sttish, shnilash, |

wash; small b., stuiga; b. contain-
ing grain, eatables, yé-ush; to scratch
out ab, shli’tila, sttya, wa’shla;
yéwa. Cf. den.
barrow.) vo mice,
sttiya; chipmunks, stttya, wa’shla;

, as moles,

b., to make a round hole, shli‘tila;
b. for depositing catables, yéwa.

burst, v. 1, kitita; b up, explode, |

mbawa, ndéga, tita; fo cause to b.,
mbiawa; vud’hita.

bury, v..t.; to place provisions into
a caché, pnana, vumt, élya; to start
Sor burying in a caché, ilkteha; 0.
corpses, ete., pnana, kéla-una, Mod.
vumi; b. along with, ilydta; b. with
Juneral procession, isha, ishnila, tlk-

b.

in something

>)

tcha;

etery, tchpinuala; burying ground,
pnankish, tehpinu.

i, nélka, niuta, shnéka, |

tlyuatchla, |
kéla-una; b. in a tribal or family cem- |

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

bush, Anku, tchélash; coll. g-
tchesh; little b., wékaga; overgrown
with bushes, gatchétko. Cf. shrub,
timber, woods.

busy oneself, pélpela; to b. o.
Jor somebody, shatudya, pé’lpela.

but, (1) conj.: -tak, taks, toksh,
ta, -ta; b. if, b. when, hii‘tak, hii’-
tok, hii‘toks, hii tehtii (2) adv., in
the sense of only, just only, merely,
ak, -ak, hak, -hak; when but refers
to the verb of the sentence, pfla; 0.
one, na’dshak, na/dshiak; none b.

| tala, abbr. ta.

butcher, s., ndnashgish.

Db utcher, v. t. shiuga, pl. Itela;

nashki, nashkititna; b. for some-

body, shiukfa.
butte, yaina, dim. yaina-iga.
|Butte Creek Lake, nom.
| of a lake in California, N4-uki.
butter, édshash.
butterfly, species of moth, hint-
ish, képkap; species of diurnal b.,
yapalpuléash, képkap, walwil¢-
_ kash; b. with gay colors, wékwak.
buttocks, kiu; b. with upper leg,
pt’shaklish.
button, s, sheltapkdétkish.
Ibutton, v. t, sheltapka.

pr.

ibu y, v.t. skéa; to b. on credit, ski-

uta.

| buzz, vi, said of insects, hi’ma; of
bees, bumble-bees, ete., mai’muma;
b. around, nuttiyanina.

buzzard; bald headed b., tchuatsh.
Cf. turkey -buzzard.

by gone, ma‘ntchni, tankni.

- burn—capsule. 523

C.

cabin. Cf. build, v., house, lodge.|camp, s, tcehi’sh; c¢. abandoned,

cabinet-maker, vulinish.

cable, tintish; kniks.

caché, fpaksh, p’ndnkuish, vumf,
‘vumish; to preserve, keep in a c.,
fpka, ilkshla; ¢o bury, put into a c., |
ilktcha, p’ndna, vum{; hiwidsha.

cage, for wild or other animals,
kshiwiétkish, Mod.

calf, mtshmusham lelédshi.

calf of leg, tchilash; ydéwish.

tchfwish; i one’s c. or lodge, to-
wards one’s c., hi, hi’, i; away, far
Jrom c., kiinag, i’wa; not far from
c., wag; night-c., tehi’sh; to pitch c.
while traveling, maktcha, maktchna;
to pitch c. to stay, makléza; to pitch c.
again, maklakpéli; to pitch c. away
from house, lodge, méwa; to pitch
c. im the mountains, ete., makuala,
makualsha. Cf. camping-ground.

call, v t.; ¢ out, shout, hamdédasha;; camp, v.i, makléza; c. out while

c. somebody to come, c. out for,
shitma, shétma; c¢. back or home,

on a trip, maktcha, maktchna; fo c.
in the mountains, cf. camp, s.

shatmapéle; ¢. each other oppro-|campaign, shéllualsh.
brious epithets, shimhi’techna; c.}camping-ground, tchi’sh; of

somebody saucy names, shalama;
c. by name, shésha, élya shéshash,

Indians, maklaksam tchi’sh; ¢.-g.
in the mountains, etc., makualksh.

or simply: élya; c¢. oneself by name,|can, cannot. Cf. able, unable.
shedlya; c. out, c. to the spot, sha-| canal, excavated channel, stunshish.
hamtya, sha’hméka, shatma, sh¢t- | cannon, mini liloksgish.

ma; ¢. upon, visit, shetaltcha; c.a|canoe, dugout ¢., vansh, dim. vun-

conjurer for help, shudkia; to go and
c. a conjurer for help, shudkidsha;

shaga; leaking or rotten c., é-ulkik;
c.-pole, lyik. Cf. await, v.

so called, na-asht shéshatko, n. shé-| cation, paksh.

shash or simply: shéshatko. canteen, soldier's, shultilash
callosity, on foot or hand, tikak. | canvas, shi’'l; ¢. spread out, cf. sail.
camass, the bulb of Camassiaescu- | canvas-back duck, Killa.

lenta, piksh; in the c. season, pt’ksh- | cap, tchtiyésh; a sort of high e.,

imi; berry-paste mixed with c., sha-

pt’kalsh or p. tehttyésh. Cf. hat.

kalsh; to bake c., pika; to dig, gather, | capsule, of seeds, ndshé’dsh, tehifl-

collect ¢., po’ksalsha; ¢.-stick, amda,
mey otkish.

ak; tchatchgalam, Mod. tchatchgé-
links.

524

captive, s, lt’gsh; to take ac. in

-apture, v. t shnika, shnikua; |

ry

C

war, li’eshla.

c. again, shnikpéli; ¢., anim. obj.,
Af , ,

spt’nshna, pl. shntika; ¢. for en-
slaving, li'gshla; ¢., as a fly, kshe-
kitila; c. by hand, as lice on one’s
own head, héksaska; ¢. while going,
reming, shniktcha.
arbine, liloksgish. Cf. gun.
ard, or ¢.-board, pipa.

are, v. t.; ¢. for, shlée’pka, shlé-
popka; don’t care if! t'tch!

are, 8.3 to take c. of, manage, shu-

alaliiampka, shlepka, shlépopka,

hashtaltaémpka; to take . of oneself,
sassdga.

areful, tidshkidnki.

aress, v. t., by stroking, patting,
tatcha‘lka, ptehdklya, Kl. ptehi-

klya; to hug andc., \dtikua, shuldé-

kua.
arousal, lekankish; to partake in
¢., lékanka.

-arouse, v.1., Iékanka.

sarpenter, papkash-shtishatish.

arriage, tehiktchik. Cf. wagon.

arrier, of dispatches, stilkakuish.
sarrot, pawatch.,

arry, v.t.; for generic terms, ef.
introductory remark to bring, v.;

c. about, long obj., ttyamna, pl. |

f-amna; ¢. about in the arms, kshuké-
tkal; kshéna, pl. éna; about oneself,
as in the pocket, hakshiktchui; a
liquid in one vase, tehfamna, tehf-

|

ktcha; ¢. under the arm, arms, shu-|

tila, shultila; ¢. away, off, with or

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

without permission, Ana, énsha; by
kidnapping, as a child, kshukatkal;
to abstract, antlipka; tméshka, pl
yiméshka; put outof sight, flktcha; e.
back or home, @'mpeli, pl. itpa mpéli,
and, more Mod. than K1.: idshdm-
peli; ¢. home or back in a basket,
skitzidsha, skatzipéli; ¢. on one’s
back, shalamna, shépolamna, ttid-
shna; by means of a string on fore-
head, métk’la; by means of a bas-
ket, skiyamna, skatkala, skatza;
c. before oneself, as winds, vuhupic-
ga; ¢. beneath the clothing, shitila;
c. in a bucket, pail, sho’dshna, sténa;
ce. bulky, heavy obj., éna, pl. fdsha,
idshna; ¢. a burden, load, métk’la,
métklank éna; ¢.in hand, sho‘dshna,
sténa; when in a bunch, shteht-
yamna; ¢c. on one’s head, tidshna,
sha-tla; ¢. home, ef. e. back; ¢. an
infant tied to its board, émtchna;
ce. long or anim. obj., éna, pl.
idsha, fdshna; when unseen or at
a distance from the one speaking,
dtpa, pl and coll. ftpa, ftpna,
ftpamna; ¢. iside, indoors, within,
spwlhi, pl. ili; ¢ by mail, dna; c.
a message, news, stillidainka, stilteh-
ka, stiltchna; ¢. on shoulders, sht-
kianka, shtizia, Mod. shttizian ¢na;
c. off, sheet-like obj., shlctza, ef. ¢.
away; ¢. off from, tka, {tya; c. out
of, isha, ishntila; ¢ out for burial,
fsha, ishnula, ilktcha; ¢. round obj.,
Kena, lika; to go and c., liktcha,
ICpka; e. to or for somebody, enia;
when in a bunch, shtchidshapka; c.

captive—cavity.

thin obj., né’/pka, néna; c¢. upward,
uphill; one obj., yana, kshawaliéga;
to help im carrying, shilodtcha. Cf.
bring, fetch, haul, v.

cart, tehiktchik. Cf. wagon.

sascade, nshitehtzish; fo form a’!

¢., nshatehtyi, ntd‘Itki.
Cascade Range, nom. pr. loc,
Yamakisham Yatna.

case, iwizotkish; ¢., especially of |

round shape, wiakogsh; ¢., loose

covering, shléthish, latktchish; ef.
pillow.

cask, wakogsh, Mod.

casket, iwizétkish; little c. that can
be locked, miiwiz6tkish.

cast, v.t.; ¢. down, puclya; c. away,
abandon, anim. and inan. obj.,

kédsha, kédshna; ¢. away continu-

ally, kékanka; ©. away as useless,

ete., puedsha; ¢. back, puekampéli;

c. below, puetila; ¢. down bulky,
round obj., shnikftwa; ¢. down to
the ground or into a lodge, puclhi; ¢.
aff, remove, long obj., vutédsha; c¢.
up in the air, vutudlya; c. upon,
into, pualdla; c.adeadly spell upon,
tiwi; ¢. a shadow, smahia.

castorium, ptimam ski’sh.

castrate, v. t., ikna; castrated ani-
mal, tkantko, kéliak slilks.

cat, pushish, Mod. kitti; c-hole,
kittiam gekankish, Mod.; wild c.,
lynx, shida.

cateh, y. t, shntika, shnikua; «. |
’ b ? ?

again, shntikpéli; ¢., said of ob-
jects taken collectively, ftkal; c.,

capture, as a fly, kshekitla; c¢. while

going, running, shnikteha; ec.
hand, as one’s own lice, héksaska;

by

in the
water, shnikua; c¢. with poles in the
water or elsewhere, sti’/ka; c. what
is thrown, kawita; c. up with, pe-
no‘dsha; ¢. air with a grunt, edhipa;
c. fish, kiii’m Mela; fish-catching
place, \kiii’m-luclkish; to approach
Jor catching, shnukatka.

c. with the lasso, vutéka; ¢.

caterpillar, species of, shap’sam
ptchiwip;

another species, szé-
— s-hi/sh; bombycine c., ktchApash.
|cat’s tail, species of, wiwi.
-cattle, mutshmush, Mod. vish-
mush; inclosure for c., wakalak,
tpuligish, ilfgish, Mod. ktchinksh.
cause, s.; no ex. eq.: for what c.?

wak, wakgitko, wak gitiga: for no
(real) ¢, huna’shak, nii/nsak. Cf.
therefore, whry.
cause, v.t., to bring about, né-ulza.
To c.is usually expressed by the
affixes of causative verbs; e. ¢. from
kshitlya to dance is formed: shnik-
shilya, to c. to dance; from dna to
fetch: dniga, to make fetch, ete.
causeway, stl; fobuildac., stiya.
caution, v.t.; toc. against, lewé-
ula.
cave in, v.i., tuinéga; caving in of
| earth, wetékuish.
cavern, cave, kti’mme.
cavity, hollow, wa’sh; ¢ dug out,

ibékantko; to dig a c¢., said of per-
| sons, y¢pa, Mod. ibéna; of animals,
wa’shla, shlitila. Cf burrow, v.

and s.

526

caw, v.i., hima; said of larger birds,
w6a; ¢. continuously, wokanka.

cease, v.i., is usually expressed by

the verbal completive in -déla, -tla;

when not follow’d by a verb, k’l¢-

wi; c./ stop! léki! pl., lékat! gd-
tak! Mod. kanktak! tanktak! Cf.
quit, stop.

cedar tree, vuiluandsham.

celebrate, v. t, by dances, dance-
songs, glee-songs, yéka.

cellar, lAtchashtat hantilatko, Mod.
shtina’shtat hantilatko.

cemetery, p’ndnkish; tribal or

Family c., tchpinu; old Indian ¢.,

liluksalks. Cf bury, v.

cereals, cf. maize, wheat; to raise

- c., hashua-a.

certainly, wak hai la gén, Mod.
oké-ilagen; of course! waklakitka!
wak a gfuga! often translatable by
hai, a-i, haitch, ya.

chair, tehdwalkish; back of ch.,
tchapita; to lean against back of a
ch., shuimpatampka, kshapéta.

chair, flesh, tchtleéks.

chalk, lipaks; used as face- or

body-paint, lipaks.

eq.; by (mere)

ch., huna’shak, wakfanhua; to find

chance, no ex.
by ch., ndakal, pl. itkal.
wal.

change, v. t.; to be changed into,
Kléka; to be changed into a lake,
di-ushdItkala. Cf. become, v.

ehant, s., shui’sh; shuindtkish.

chapped; fo have limbs ch. through |

frost or heat, sktikla.

Cf. ga- |

cheap; fosell ch., kétcha lya. Cf. sell.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

char, v.t.; to be charred, natspka;
half-charred, nzitatko. Cf. burn, v.

character, stefnash; of debased,
mean ch. tchdkalsh, ktidshi_ stef-
nash; of good ch., ef. good.

charge, y.t.; asa horse or wagon,
ita, ftna; ch., asa horse, shf-itna; ch.
or freight a boat, vi'nshtat ilapka ;
ch., transversely, one long obj., hek-
shitléka; ch. a price, élya; ch.
somebody money or valuables, hish-
yakta; ch with reproaches, kokt-
kinshka; ch., to attack, gt’Iki, gu-
timpka, tashui

charger, load-gauger, shii’yaksam
wetkokétkish.

charm, s., in shape of magic song,
shui’sh, shuindtkish.

|charm, v.t.; to ch. with, tawi.

chase, v. t., kd-iha, shti’dshna; ch,
pursue, kptitcha, kptitchna; ch. con-

tinually, sht’kanka; ch., as an ene-
my, shulitanka; ch. about, tpityam-
na; ch. each other, sht’dshna, tpt-
yamna; ch. for somebody, kaihia;
one who chases, tputpayamnish.

chastise, v. t.. né-ulakta, n¢é-ulya;
| 9 ? ? w ?

ch. by whipping, wihii'tchya, udtip-

ka; to make atone by chastising,
shiktchdktehna.

chatter, v. i, said of birds, hé’ma

cheat, v. t., stitya, palla; ch. re-
peatedly, pilapéle.

cheek, mpato: ch.-bone, mpato.

-cheese, édshash

cherish, v. t., stinta; ch. each other,
hishtanta..

“'

a

Cia Wie ——'C

chest, vushd; of cattle, horses, sz6- |
dshish; to carry on one’s ch., shaka-
kaga, shepukiga

chew, v.t. as tobacco, ete., kpti-
yumna, kékanka, ktchan, pan; ch.,
to gnaw at, kata,ngata. |

Chewaukan Marsh, nom. pr. |
loc., Tehuayé ni.

chicken, tehfkin, tchi’k’n.

chide, v. t., shila; ch. each other,
shuke’ki.

chief ofa tribe, laki (Chin. J. téyi);
principal, high, or head-ch., mini |
lakf, abbr. mé-laki; tutaszénini lakt, |
subchief, kitehkani 1., abbr. kétcha I.

child, offspring, wéash, dim. wéka;
ndshékani; suckling ch., wmi’ksh,
muikaga; children able to walk, pl. |
only, tataksni; acting like children, |
tataksniptchi; to bear a ch. or chil-
dren, we'kala, nka‘kgi; to lose ch.
by death, said of mothers who lost.
two or more, lepkléka; to lose ch.
by death, said of a father, tehakléza, |
Mod. tehakéla.

childish, doting person, mékish;
acting ina ch. way, tataksniptehi; to |
be or become ch., mékia. - |

childlike, tataksnfptehi.

chill, chilliness, katags.

chills, malarial fever, tiishtushish.

chilly, katags, to be ch, said of |
weather, winds, ska.

chimney; flue of ch., shnc-ilaksh.

chin, ki’dsho.

chink, mét’hli, ndsakish.
ture, hole.

‘hipmunk; a species of Tamias,

Cf. aper-

lieheoup 5. vs

bumumkes 527

wa'shla; little ch., Tamias quadrivit-
tatus, washla-aga, Mod. witchash;
another species of ch., m’shash;
to hunt chipmunks, washlala; to go
and hunt ch., washlalsha, mshash-
altcha.

chipper; arrow-head ch., generally
of horn, iyapalksh.

chirp, v.i., ha’ma, taktya.

chisel; fleshing ch. luposhétkish;
when of stone, tkuy6tkish.

choke, v. t., yétszaka; to be choked,

puta, késhga hékish; to be choked
through swallowing, ndsakia; ch. one-
self, shayctsyaka,

choke-cherry, fruit of Prunus de-
massa, tuitchyash; the tree, tuitch-
ysam; to gather ch.-cherries, tuitch-
yashla.

choose, v. t., to select, thia, ikay tla,
shiatka; ch. for oneself, shi-iha, shia-
tka.

t., long obj, udshfdshi,
titcha, utchdiya; ukata, pl. vuldd-
sha; ch. fine, vutéka. Cf. split, v.

chorus; ch.-song, shiunotish; to start
ach., shuyéga; said of the conju-
rer, shiundta; to sing in ch., winota;
to go and sing in ch., winobtna, shiu-
nutna; to howl, cry or sing in ch.,
yéka. Cf. sing, v., song.

chrysalid, of the hintish butterfly,
pt’lyuantch, pfash; to gather, scrape
up this ch., pt’lyuantchla; ch. of
another butterfly species, kili’gs.

chuckle, v.i., wéta, luaizya

chunk, of bread, kétcha paéla-ash;
ch. of ice, wayalapsh.

528 ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

cinnamon; c.-colored, ka-uka-uli; |
of light c. complexion, mukmiukli; c
bear, naka. |
circle,s., hoop, stilanksh; to form ac., |
persons, taki’ma; to form ac. around, |
gakidmna, hashimpka; fo form cir- |
cles, rings in the water, tcheléwa;
to describe circles in the air, cf. cir-
cle, v. i.; to move in a continuous C.,
eaki ma, ki-ugetdsha; to sit, to gath-
er ina ¢., Mulya, liupka, littatka;

to walk around in a c., gakéla, ki-
NL r Wy

Cf. eddy, ring.
i., ktiwalkfdsha;

ugg@idsha.

circle, v. BD) (Ox)
around, as birds in the air, ki-uggi- |
dsha, kshakfdsha, nagetdsha.

eireular, kalkali.

Cire mlate: sv. i) wintala, va t.;
stitya.

city, ta-uni.

clad, skit’tchaltko, shulitantko; in
a long dress, kékatko; wrapped in,
skuitatko; ¢ in a blanket, mantle,
sktitatko; ¢. in skin-armor, ktaklish.
Cf. clothe, dress, v. «

claim, v.t., fo wish for, shand-uli,
Mod. haméni; c¢. for oneself, sha- |
ménakfa. .

clam, klé‘dshu; c¢.-shell, klédshuam |
wakoksh.

clang, s. stt’tzish, timénash; fo |
produce clangs, walta.

clap, v t., the hands, shaktaktza.

clasp, v. t.; to bend over for clasp-
ing, luishlitanka; clasping-knife, k6é-
shapash.

elatter, v.i; to make a clattering
noise, la-ulawa, ldlula.

‘clean, tsuktstkli.

clavicular, or collar bone, nté-ish.

~¢law, shte’ksh; ndép, dim. nepiga;

hoof-c. of quadruped, ktidshinksh,
dim. kudshi‘nkshka; ¢ of bird,
shte’ksh.

clay, tikésh, Mod.; wet c., ttipesh.

Cf. clear.

clean, v.t. vudshdéka; c. off, scour,
vudshokalya; ¢. off from, vudshi’-
shka; ntchashka; c. one’s nose, psish
shiishka; c. by brushing, kii'shka;
c. by winnowing, shiulina.

clear; said of water, ydlialtko,
yaliali; tsuktsikli; to become c.,
yaliala; the weather is c., tidsh né’-
pka.

clearing mm the woods, ginkayatko,
Mod. kla’dsh.

Clear Lake, nom. pr. Tchapszo.

clearly; to hearc., tidsh tiména.

eleft, mét’hli, ndskish.

clergyman, stindé kiuks, stinde

ka‘klkish or s. shishatish; p’laital-
kni shishatish.

cliff, walish; on cliffs, walidshat;
Jile or series of cliffs projecting trom
lake, prairie, samké-ush; ‘in the
cliffs,’ connected with verbs, is ex-
pressed by the suffix -dya.

climb, v.'t, gt’ka, gf’kna; ga-
Wlya; ¢. up, as trees, ottka, otikna;
huiyeka, pl. tintzi; ¢. up in the dis-
tance, gi-ulapka; ¢., crawl up to,

ktchikaya; c. up the outside ladder of

one’s winter house, ga-wlapkapéle;
c. up by repeated attempts, ga-tlak-
pka; ¢. upagain, reclimbata distance

from the one speaking, ga-ulapka-

cinnamon—cluster.

péle; ¢. up in the web, said of spiders,

shalagg4ya, shalamnfidsha; ¢. up

by going around, gaméni, shalka- |

kidmna; ¢. while sticking close to,

. 4
going around the stem, ageidsha;

c. back to the former place, gti’ tga-

péli; c. down, gtitya.

climber; one who runs up, climbs,

hutehnéash.
clinch, v. t.; ¢. the hand, shlapshta;

c. together, shiamna.
Chup, rvelt., uydka; _¢

ktishka, stuydkishka; liktcha, la-
ka’‘dsha.

clipping, portion clipped off, ktu-
shkuish; kttshka.

clitoris, shftash.

cloak, enveloping the whole body,
sktitash; to be dressed in ac., skiita;
todress somebody in ac., ski'tchala.

clock, shapash; c.-pendulum, vuté-
kakua.

clod, télyash.

close, v. t. c¢. with a cover or lid
kaishnila; ¢. the door, doorflap,
cover, shla-uki; ¢. forcibly a door,
ete., ktiuga; c. an opening, ndsikia,
shla-uki; ¢. the hand, shlapshta;
c. up, spulhi; pl. ilhi; to return from
closing up, spulhitka.

close, adv,
wika; ¢. by, when said of persons,
long obj., hat; to be c., stand c. by

near, gita, huya,

each other, tchipka, liwa; to be c. to,
kaptcha, shindkta; one who is c.
by, shinaktish.
close, prep., ¢. fo, wigatan.
34

one’s hair, |
shuydéka, lik shiktaldsha; ¢. hair, |

529

cloth, linen, cotton, silk, ete., shi’],
to tear c. into shreds, teshashkuala ;
prece of c., torn c., téshashko.

clothe, v. t. skti’tchala; ¢. one-
self, skita; with a mantle, etc.,
skita, skutia; c. oneself, said of fe-
males, kéka; clothed with, shulé-
tantko, skutchaltko; skutatko. Of.
clad

clothing, shuldtish; of females,
kiks; to put c. on while going, travel-
img, shulitantcha, shultiatchna; to
carry beneath one’s c., shitila.

cloud; rain-c., paishash; storm-c.,
c.-burst, mit hipkatko pafshash;
little c., paishkaga; to be full of
clouds, shtipa, Kl.; paisha; to be
Full of lamb-clouds, shtipa, Mod.

clouded; ce. sky, paishash; to be c.,

shtipa K1.; pafsha.

cloudy, blending, said of colors,
nuatayatko; itis c. weather, pafsha.

clown, utiissusi-ash; ef shéshtal-
kash.

elub, s, anku, papkash; to fight with
clubs, shutapka; to play at c., sht-
ata; to beat with ac., udiipka, vu-
dika; cf. beat, v.

club, v.i; ¢ together, shukt’lki,
shitehla, tilha

cluck, v.i; ¢ with the tongue, sha-
kapshtaka.

clumsy, kokalkokaltko, Mod.

cluster, iman., tchipkatko; c. of
flowers, \elé-usham, d. of 1é-ush-
am; to be, exist together in ac, liwa,
tchipka; cf. crowd, file, gather,
v i., heap.

530 ENGLISH-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

coals, lgt’m; coal-paint, lgu’; to
roast, broil on the hot c., tchlalala ;
ef. nékla. Cf. broil, v.

coarse; sometimes expressed by
muni. Cf. raw.

coat, shuldétish; tchtlish, dim. tehu-
lid4ea; citizen’s c., kApo, dim., ka-
puak; wearing ac., kaptitko; to put
one’s c.on, kapépéle; to put another's
c. on, kapépka; to take one’s ec. off,
kapdla.

coax, v.t; ¢ away, spi’/nshna; c. |
deceptively, shnapémpema, Mod.
shnepémpema.

cock, v.t.; ¢. the hammer for firing,
shléwala.

coffee, ko’pe, képi.

coffin, Klekapkash iwizétkish, béx.

cohabit, v.i.; toc. with, shetdlza,
shétupka; shina, shintiiya; to beget,
engender, waishi; to live in concu-
binage, heshtélya, mbié’shni.

cohabitation, to be in the act of,
skékanka.

coil, vy. t, shkapshtchdla; to c.
something wp, weplakidmna; fo c.
oneself up, shuhatchzala.

coin, of gold, kika’kli tehikémen;
silver c., shi/lba tala, palpali tala or
p. tehikémen; to pay in one c., liya,;
m many, pewl.

cold, (1) adj., said of weather, ka-
tags; very c., mi ska, used adver-

bially only; to be c., liquids only,
tchkawa; weather, winds, sgii’mla,
ski; to feel, be c. on body, katka;
on limbs, nda-itia, tapsyoya. (2) s., |
to catch a c., shné-ulia, Mod. snitula. |

‘collar, of beads, ete., shankékash,

shnawa’kish, yamnash. Cf bead.

collect, v.t.; ¢. by chance or other-
wise, ftkal; ¢. to a certain spot,
shit’Ika, shitlki; ¢. again, to c. at
the habitual place, shit'lkipéli; ec.
objects of the same nature, shtchipka;
c. for oneself, shitlagia, Mod. shit-
lagien; ¢., as fruits, ishka, shit’Ika,
letiya, Itakdya; c. edible roots, bulbs,
fruits, pl of subj., sta-ila; to start
for collecting roots, fruits, sti-ild-
sha; v. pond-lily seed, wéksalsha,
wokashla. Cf. gather, v. t.

collect, v.i., shuki’lki, liwa; ¢. ina
body, heap, cluster, ring, liwa, liupka;
tehipka; ¢. again, shuki’lkipéli; ¢.
behind, liuptcha Cf. gather, v. i.

colonist, tchi’sh; c¢. in that section,
hatak-tehi’sh, gitakni.

color, s., for dyeing, shneludtkish;
as the product of a dyeing process,
shnéluash; of the same c., shu-
hankptchi; showing various colors,
hushkalyanatko.

color, v.t., by dyeing, shnélua ; col-
ored, shnéluatko; coloring matter,
shneludtkish.

colt, tya-ush; watcham wéash.

Columbia River, nom. pr. Ka-
wam Koke, Ttima-Kawe-Gitko;
for the portion around the Dalles
more especially, Ampkii’nini Koéke.

'comb, s., shlitchiyash, shlitchizé-

tkish; fine-toothed c., shitchkatch-
létkish.

comb, v. t. shlitehiza; another's
hair, ki’shka.

coals—compact.

combat, v. t., shtika, shéllual; sis-
sdka, d. of shfuga.

come, v.i.; generic: when the com-
ing is not seen by the one speaking,
gAtpa, gdtpna; when the coming is
toward the one speaking or the ob-
ject just spoken of, gépka; c. after,
Jetch, iktcha, épka; ef. fetch, v ; .
after fire, Klukalgi liloks, klukalgi;
c. around, near, gatpamna; c. back,
home, gémpéle; when unseen by
the one speaking, or in the distance,
gatpampéli; ¢. back from traveling,

taménétka; c. back when moving in a |

circle, waggidsha; c. down, drop,
inan., gélya; as trees, hinui; c. down
upon, hinua; to make c. down, hinui;
c. forth in bunches, grapes, ete., liwa;
c. in, inside of, guli, pl. kilhi; c¢. in
again, gulipéli, pl. kilhtpéli; ¢. and
leave again, gatpanila; c. near, close
to, gitpamna, galdshawia, gAldshui,
gatpénéta; c. near while running,
holuipka; ¢. near reaching, gatpank-
shka; ¢.near shooting eachother, hish-
lakshka; c¢. on, happen, ne’pka; c.
out of, leave, giulya; as woods, bushes,
marshes, hukaydla, pl. gakayéla,
tinzaytla; c. out as, to become, k’lé-
ka; c. or cross over to, gikua; ce. to,
reach, gatka, cf. arrive; c¢. to, to-
wards, gatpa, gatpna, gépka (see
above); ¢. to the ground, round obj.,
lutyi; c. together, shuki'lki, cf. meet,
v.; ¢. towards, step up to, kishtchip-
ka; anim. and inan., gti’'ta; ¢., go
towards, gatpa; the one speaking,

tinshipka; c. by the trail, road, sha-_

531

katla; come up! referring to lack
of memory, ské! to make, let c., sha-
hamtya, sha’hmdka, shahmiulgi;
by beckoning, kinshipkia; to see
somebody coming, tild’tpa, tilo’-
dsha.

comfortable; to feel c., tidsh gi.

comical, wetishptchi.

comics, léshuatyash.

command, v.t., né-ulga, stult, tpé-
wa; in Mod. also hit’shga; c. in the
interest of, ne-ulzia; c., order while
going, traveling, stulidsha; c. over
many persons, as soldiers, {i-amna.

command, s., tpéwash, né-ulaks,
stuledlish.

commander, laki.

commence, v.t., lupi tmuyéga;
c. at one end, tmuyéga; when con-
nected with verbs, c. is expressed
by the suffixes -éga, -iéga, -tampka.

commit suicide, v., hishié’ka;
by hanging, hakshgdya; by shooting,
hishlan

commotion; fo be me. said of
water, Ikan, nduptla; to produce c.
in waters, Ikan.

communal lodge, waltkdétkish
latchash; in the sense of council
house, né-ulakgish latchash, Mod.
n. stina’sh.

community, mépoks; c. ef Indians,
maklaks; to form a c., mépka.

compact, adj, solid, hipkatko,
mt hipkatko.

compact, s.,shendlakuish; to make
ac., ne-ulzyia, sheno'lya.

compact, v.i, shend'lza.

companion, shawalinéash, Mod.
shitehlip; to be the habitual c. of,
sha-ulankinka; to stay together as
companions, shawalinii’a, Mod.
shitchla; to take along as a ¢., |
sptmshna, pl. dna, tdshna; to take

as c. for traveling, spt’nkanka,
company, mépoks; c. of relatiwes,
friends, sha-amoks; in c. of, tila; to |
be inc., tilha, tila; tehilla; to form
ac., Shukt‘lki; to march, to walk in
¢., sha-ulanka, shawalinii‘a; tomarch
in c.to some distance, sha-ulantcha;
to go about in ¢., two persons, shul-
yitehna, Mod. shulzatchtchna; fo
keep in one’s c., spt’nkanka.
comparable to, ydalank; shitko,
or by suffix -ptchi, -mtechi.
compel, v. t.; expressed by the
suffixes forming causative verbs,
as -ka, -anka, etc.; ¢. observance,
shunt/kanka. Cf. cause, v.
compensation; for noc, buna |
shak. |
complain, vy. i., shégsha; c. of, |

lila, heshégsha; ¢. in a whining voice,
tchée’ktcheka.
complete, stani; to be c., sta.
complete, v.t., to fill, stagi; to ¢.
one year, tina illdla.
completely, sta; adj. used ad-

verbially, udanuk.
complexion; of dark c., limli’ml; |
of light cinnamon c., mukmukli. |
complot; to form a c. against, né- |

ulakta. shend’lya.

or
21,

comply with, v. t. nd-asht
Mod. né-asht gi. Cf.

agree, Vv.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

t., oneself, hishlta;
how do you do? wak i hishlta?

t., ndshélya,
samtchatka ; to hear distinetly, tt-
mena.

comport, V.

comprehend, v.

comprehensible; to make c.,
heshamkdanka.
omrade, shawalinéash, Mod. shi-

tehlip.

c
Cf. companion.
conceal, v.t., afshi; inan. obj.,
tha; ¢. oneself, hiyaha, pl. gdyaha;
c. oneself while standing behind, tga-
pteha, pl. li-uptcha; c. a secret, sha-
ishi; fo keep concealed, sha-ishian
ipka.

oncede, v. t. wé-ula; to c. to,
Cf. allow.

onclude, v. t. to resolve upon,

c
wéwalta.
C
né-ulya, né-ulakta.
condensed, hupkatko; to be ina
c. state, hipka Cf compact, adj.
condition, no ex. eq.; ene in this
c., gCmtchi; one in thatc., himtchi;
one in a similar c., shuhankptehi ;
on c. that, conj., hii, hii‘toks
tis through, as
water, stt’/nshna. Cf. lead, v.

sonduct, to ¢.

Wie

lo

sone, upper end of, hapa. Cf. con-
ical.

confer, v. t.; many obj., shewana;
c. upon, anim. obj., spti’ni, pl. she-
wana; ¢ through another, niukla.
For other terms, ef. give, v.

confer, v. 13 ¢ for negotiation,
hushtinka, Mod. shitanka.

confine, v.t.; & in a@ place of deten-

tion, anim, obj., sptlhi, pl. flhi; to be

confined, give birth, nka‘kei, we'kala.

company —continually.

confiscate, v. t.,
{-amna.

conflagrate, v.i, ntta, shntya.
Gf burnj-v i

confluence, né-ukish, shend'tka-
tko; to forme., said of two streams,
shutandanka.

conform, v.i.; to c. with, nd-asht
oi, Mod. né-asht gf.

conformably with, shthank,
shthank-shitko.

congeal, v.i., wén.

congregate, v. i, mlo a crowd,
shukt'Iki, liwa, Ifupka. Cf collect,
gather, v. 1.

conical, wakwakli; fo stand ina
c. form, tuila; c. willow seed-basket,

long obj.,

yaki.

conjecture, v. t., nitu. Cf. believe,
suppose, V.

conjurer, kfuks; when performing
noisily, sheshzeild-ash ; female c,
kiuks weldkash; young c, kiukaga;
to act, treat, in the capacity of a c.,
tchiita; to act, behave noisily, ex-
travagantly, like a c., sheshyé'la; to
call ac. for help, shuakia; to start
out for calling a c., shudkidsha.

connection by vicinity, junction,
shalatchgudlash ; to be in c., joined
with, shalatchguala.

conquer, v- t., skipma; winfzi,
Mod vtizin; ec. in battle, udtiyua,
udtipka, winfzi.

consciousness; to regain c., hd-
kampéle.

consent, v. i., humdsht gi, shi-iha.
Cf. agree, comply with.

533

consider, v. t., htshkanka, htsh-
ka, héwa, Mod. also képa; ec. one-
self as, shéwa; c. as a stranger, ka-
ikéma.

considering that, conj., hun-
kanti, hunkantchii’.

consort, s, mbé’shni.

consort with, v. i, said of both
sexes, mbii’shni, heshtdlya, shétu-
pka, shetdlya: c. with a man, hi-
shudkshla.

constellation, ktchw’l.

constituted; c. alike, gémptchi,
himtchi; c. similarly, shuhank-
ptchi.

construct, v.t., shtita; o. a lodge,
latcha, Mod. stind-a; ¢. for a pur-
pose, shutéla.

consume, v.t., eat, shli’ki, shne-
yia, vita; to be consumed by fire,
natspka, shnitya.

contact; mclosec. with, as with the
body, stalégatko; to be inc with, ka-
ptcha, talfga; with the water, taliga.

contain, v.t.; ¢.a liquid, tehipka; to be
contained within, inan., éwa, sttipka.

contest, v. t., shdkamka

contest, s., mutual c. by racing, sha-
katpampélégish; to have a c., quar-
rel, hishtchakta; to start a c., hish-
tchaéktna

continually, tehtshak; adj. used
adverbially, tchtishni, tchtshniak;
expressed by the suffix -tamna:
hulladshuitamna, to run up to and
back c., or by the suffix -kanka, es-
pecially when the action is per:
formed while moving.

continue, v.t.; same as keep on,

q. v. Cf. continually.
contort, v. t., as one’s limbs, tilan-
shnéa.

contract, v. t., as a@ muscle, spulhi;
c. one’s body, shuhatchydla; c. one’s
body and lie down, as when lying in
ambush, hishudlya, cf. knukla,
knuklya; c. the half-opened hand or
Singers, shatcho'lgi. ;
control, v.t., hashtaltimpka; shla-
ka, Mod. shléka.
contusion, if round, nute‘ks.
convalescent, fo be, huggidsha.
Cf. health.
convenient,
dshi.
converge, v. i.; c. at the top, to
stand in a converging form, tiila.
waltoks, Mod.

fit, shipatch; — ti-

conversation,
waltkash.

converse, v.i, hémkanka, walt-
ka; c. with, hashashudkia, hashtal-
tala; c. while standing, utawa; .
with suppressed voice, laklakpka,
Iéklekpka; to commence conversing,
hashashuakitampka.

convey, v.t., anim. and long obj.,
{tpna; sptinshna, pl. éna, idshna; c.
back or home, @mpéli, itpampéli,
idshAmpéli; one anim. obj., sptink-
tchampéli, spuntpampéli, pl. idsh-
Ampéli; c. along with, pl. anim. and
long obj., itpa, ttpamna; ¢. owé, as
to the grave, fsha, ishnula, ilktcha;
c on one’s shoulder, shikianka. Cf.
bring, carry, v.

convocate, v.t., shahmiulgi.

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

cook, s, pash-shishatish; to be a
c., pashiita.

cook, vy. t., hushnd’‘ka, shutéshla,
pashitita; ¢. and to be cooked, néka;
to attend to cooking, pashita; ¢. in a
kettle or pot, shutéshla; cooking
stones, cf. to heat; cooking vase, poko.

cool, said of weather, katags.

cool, v.t.; ¢ oneself off, shualkdla ;
c. oneself while walking, shualko’l-
tcha; ¢c. somebody by fanning, uli-
ukshla.

cooperate, v.i, shilodtcha.

coot, popularly: mud-hen, Fulica
americana, ttithush.

copper, kiaki’kli watiti; c¢. coin,
kika’kli tehikémen; c.-colored, kii-
kii’khi.

copulate with, v. t. shetdlza,
mbushni, shétupka Cf. cohabit, v.

cord, kntks, dim. knukdga; sken-
shnutkish; thick ¢., tintish.

in boil, ulcer, ka’-i.

s., lakish.

core,

cork,

cork, v.t, lakia.

corn, on feet, tdke.

corn, Indian, ef. maize; cornfield,
kifla-shtitesh.

corner, as of a room, shtchakali-
Atpish ; to be, lie, stand in ac, leli-
wa; to form ac., shtchakalka. Of.
angle, s.

corpse, klekatko, tehtileks; ¢. of
child, tchulékaga.

corpulent, plitko.

corral, fenced inclosure for horses,
cattle, tpuligish, iligish, wakalak ;
ktchinksh, ktehinksh-iligish; dim

continue—cover. 535

waklakéga, ktchinkiga; gate of
c., ktechinksham stikish; to drive
out of a c., shuf-uzya; pl. ni-uza; fo
d. into a ¢., kpull.

correctly, tala, talaak.

corroborate, v.t.,shéwala; katak
shegshéwa.

corrugated, tishyalkuleatko.

coruscate, v.i., tehéltchela.

cost, s. ¢ price, shéshatuish.

cost, v. t., and to be worth, shésha.

Cottonwood Creek; nom. pr
loc., Vuldlkshi.

cottonwood tree, Populus an-
gustifolia, vulal.

couch, shdhiash; c¢. of the natives,
szélakgish, Mod. sytilkish; shla-
ish. ;

cougar, Felis concolor, taslatch; his
epithet, ktika-ush.

cough, v.i, dkshua.

council; general c., c. meeting, né-
ulakgish, shuki’lkish; war-c. of
both hostile parties, shutankish; c.
chamber, lodge, netno‘lyisham 1]é-
tchash, né-ulakgish latchash; Mod.,
n. stina’sh; meeting place for coun-
cils, waltkétkish; ¢. ground, né-
ulakgish; to meet in e¢., hushtdn-
ka, shutinktpa, Mod. shiitanka ;
to hold c., waltka, waltkapéli; to
erect a c. lodge, ne-ulakgishla.

count, v. t., enumerate, shétua; ¢. a
story, myth, shashapkélia.

counted; anexpletive term added
to numerals: fkla, likla, nékla, shlé-
kla, ydla, pé-ula, and their partic
and d. forms.

country, kiiila; my c., gé-u kifla;
all over the c., kaila ndkant; native
of which c.? and of that c., tatkni;
oming from the upper c., p'laikni;
From the lower ¢., yanakni; belong-
ing to all surrounding countries,
nakantkni; to make a c., kiilala;
Jor somebody, kiilalfa.

couple, of two, lapok; married
c., Shumshealémantko lapuk.

course; of course! wak la gitga,
wak a gfuga! wak hailagén! Mod.
oké-ilagen!

cousin; male c., pimtchip; sons of
m.c.call each other so also; elder or
eldest male c., tyé-unap, said by
younger male cousins; younger
male c., tapiap; related as male
cousins, shupumtchishaltko; related
as older to younger male c., she-
tyé-unaltko; female c., p’k&tchip;
father’s brother's daughter, p’na-
nip; elder female c., called so
by a younger female cousin,
p’talip; younger female c., tapiap ; fe-
males related as cousins, shapkatchal-
tko; daughter of female c., p’katchip;
females related as cousins, daugh-
ters either of sisters or brothers
only, shaptalaltko.

cover, v. t. shawdltcha; c. by
eclipsing and to eclipse each other,
shipatytika; ¢., ¢. up with, kéla-una,
kélua; as with blankets, waldsha;
c. with earth, straw, ete, kii’batya,
kéla-una; c. up face, tub, ete., or
against rain, utama, utatchkia; a@
hole, etc., shekelaléna; c. oneself,

536

shawaltcha, shawaltehna; ec. oneself
with, sha-utima; ¢., shield oneself
against, shipatzuika; c. wp, said of
liquids, kélua, tehizi; ¢. loosely,
shlétana; ¢. tightly, skéntana; cov-

ered with hair, fur, wool, nilaltko; |

to be covered with liquid, tchizi.
cover,s.,utamsh; sheath, latktchish;
what forms ac. walshash; hard c,
shell, veget. and inan., ndsé’dsh;
sheet-like article serving as ¢., shléla-
luash; ¢. in the sense of dress,
skitash; ¢. for the entrance of
lodge, kaishtish; loose c., shléthish;
latktchish; sort of c., mantle made
of swamp-grasses, tilalui; head-c.,
tchityesh; a kind of h.-c., skalaps;
to go under ¢., shawaltchna; to put a
¢. upon, utima, utatehkia; fo close
with ac., said of winter lodges,
kd-ishna; to use as a c., shield,
shipatytika; to remove the c. or lid,
hutatchkitla, kaishnila.
coverlet, over the bed, shnalualsh.
covet, v.t., shudnul; said of males,
kuktakia.
cow, mutshmush; ktchi’shlkish, Mod.
vuishmush; titchi’tchkish.
coward, vishish; to be ac., visha.
cdéy ote, or prairie wolf, wit'sh.
erab, fresh water and marine, kiya;
crab’s trail, gait of c., skii’-iksh.
crab-apple; wild ¢. a tree, Pyrus
rivularis, shléshlapteham.
crack, v.t.; to break hollow things,
mbiika (paka, mbaka); to break
hollow things by letting them fall,
mbiakla; toc. with the teeth, pa’ kpuka.

ENGLISH —- KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

crack, v.i., c. by heat, mbakla. Cf.
parch.

crack,
chink.

crackle, v.i., said of straw, etc.,
kuishkusha.

cradle-board, stiwizétkish, Mod.
shuéntch; ¢.-b. with the baby on it,
shuéntch.

s., méthli. Cf. aperture,

cramps, luldlish; fo have c.,,
tehilla.
erane, sho’ksh, Mod. tchédksh;

sandhill _c., Grus canadensis, klé-
tish; great blue heron, Ardea hero-
dias, kéikash; species of c. called
shitepoke, tudkish or wakish; an-
other species of ¢. or heron, kéa;
“Old Crane,” a mythic bird, Shi’-
kamtch. Cf. night-heron.

crash, tiwish; to produce a distant
c., roar, Ituna.

crate, cylindric, for berries, pdko,
iwam poko; c¢. for collectors of
edible roots, yaki, hlivash. Cf
basket.

Crater Lake, nom. pr. loc., Gi’-
wash E-ush.

Crater Mountain, nom. pr. loc.
Gi wash.
Cae, Value
ménakia.
craving, tiii’mish.

tiii’ma; haméni, sha-

eraw, nkash; shufdshash.

crawl, v. i, ktchfdsha, skintchna,
Mod. syi’dsha; c¢. along, upon, ktcht-
tana; c. around by turns, ktehikid-
sha; ec. away from, skinuashka; c.
back towards, ktehitpampeli; c. into,

cover—cross-eyed. 537

through, gutéktcha, gutéga; ¢.
through an aperture, ktchikansha ;
c. to a hole, skilhi; into its den,
said of an animal, kilfbli; c. repeat-
edly, habitually, ski’shkanka; c¢. on
the ground, ete., ktchidsha, shik-
tchashla; ¢. towards, ktehitpa; show-
ing, imitating the motion of a crawl-
ing snake, tishyalkuledtko. Cf.
creep, V.

erazed, crazy, lékatko, lékish; tobe
crazed, |éka, tchawika.

eream, shlélaluish.

crease, pakalaksh, spagalaksh.

create, v.-t. shtita; to commence
creating, shuteyéga; c. mountains,
hills, yainala.

creator, p'laitilkni — shtshatish,
platkni shiitesh.

ereek, kéke, dim. kékaga, tukud-
ga; coming from a c., living on other
side of a c., kokagtalkni.

creep, v.i, ktchidsha, skintchna,
Mod. szi’dsha; ¢. along, ktchitana;
c. away from, skinuashka; ce. for-
ward by turns, ktchikidsha; ce. into,
gulipéli; ¢. into its den, said of an
animal, kilibli; ¢. into woods, timber,
ktchikaya; c. repeatedly, habitually,
ski’shkanka; c. straight out, as liz-
ards, ulitehkanka; c. through an
aperture, ktchikansha; c. towards,
ktchitpa; ¢. back towards, ktchit-
pampéli; ¢. underground, skilhi; c.
up to, ginta, gantila, shawaltanka.
Cf. crawl, v.

creeper, creeping plant, kémni.

cremate, v. t.: ¢. corpses, lilukshla.

cremation; c.-place, liluksalks;
to return from c., ilukshaltka. Cf.
funeral.

crescent, tgélymankatko ukat-
kosh; to be c.-shaped, teélymanka.

crest, comb of bird, nkik, shawalsh;
c. of waves, wilhashlash.

cricket, tchikatchgish; ground c.,
tlal.

crimson, taktakli.

croak, v.i., hima; as birds, frogs,
shawaltana; as eagles, tchtitchua.

crochet, shnitchlkiutkish.

crooked, shtchishalkatko, tikiwa-
tko, tishilatko, Mod. tishiwatko; to
be c., persons, skitya; to be or be-
come c. by old age, tishka; c. by old
age, tishkatko. Cf. curved, warped.

Crooked River, nom. pr. Tuta-
shtaliksini Kéke, Yanaldi Kéke.

crop, s.; what produces crops, wa-ish;
maw, nkdsh, shufdshash.

crop, v. t. the hair, lik shidshka,
shidshka, lak laktcha, or laka’dsha.

cross, s.; noex. eq.; having the form
of a c., cruciform, shékitko; disposed
im c. shape, shuelitétko; to form ac.,
shendkla; roads, shuelita.

cross v.t., ¢. over to, kako’dsha; c.
an eminence, guizi; c. by making
turns, guikidsha; ¢. a river, lake,
water, while or without fording,
gdakua; c¢. a water by fording, kako’-
dsha; c¢. by swimming, gé-upka; c.
by swimming or wading, gtizi; c.
each other, roads, shendkla.

eross-eyed, spekpélitko, spek-
p'litkptehi.

538

crossing piece, footlog, szt’-
tchgush.

crosswise; todeposit c, kshct’leka,
pl. etlé’zi; disposed c., shuelitétko.

crouch, v.i., on the side of, or on
the water's edge, tchekléla.

crow, v.1., ha’ma; wéa.

crow, s., kakan; small species of,
Aha-ash.

crowd, s., shuktilkish; to gather in
ac., mass up, liwa; to form a ¢.,
liupka, liwdla, shuki'lki, tulha; to
stand in a c. with others, tgakiamna,
pl. liukiamna, lualéya. Cf. cluster,
eather, v. i, heap.

crowd together, v.i., tchila-
mna; c. é high up, above, tehila-
mnt; ¢. ¢. im or into, shinshfza; to
be crowded within, shukapka. Cf.
the numerous derivatives of radix
liu-, under: gather, v. i.

crown of head, nkak.

cruciform, shékitko. Cf. cross, s.

crude, said of food, shankitko; to
be c., shanki.

crumb; ef. morsel

crumble, v.i., te-utéwa; to make
c. by heat, mbika (mbika, pdka);
earth crumbling into dust, mbikash,
nki‘ka.

crumpled, tishzalkuleatko.

crupper, of saddle, \kelhudpkash.

crush, v. t. ndéga, skiya;:to ex-
terminate by crushing, hictala; c. with
a pestle or stone, gama; ¢., as in a
mortar, ndshapka; ¢., pound with a
piece of wood, ndika; to be crushed
as by stepping upon, te-utéwa.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

crust, kanftani;
shnutétkish.
cry, v. i, shout, hima, ya-a; c.,
shout to somebody, hémtcha, hém-
telma; c. aloud, persons, ndéna,
nkéna; stt’ka, yéa; c. loudly, as
one afflicted with pain, kahaha;
c as babes, wéa; c. in chorus, yéka;
c. down into, hii'méle; ¢, said of
larger birds and wild quadrupeds,
w6a; continuously, wokanka; c. for,
after, yutatka; ¢. haha repeatedly,
hihii‘tamna; ¢. with joy, shitiaika;
c. mournfully, kiyaiha; c. in mourn-
ing, sti'tyishla; ¢, weep loudly,
shudktcha, tché’ktcheka; ¢. on one’s
way, in public, dmnadsha, amni-
yamna; ¢., whine, wawa.
crystalline, said of water, ya-
lialtko, yalyali.
cub, lelédshi, wéash; dim leled-
shidga, wéka; c¢. of grizely bear,
likaga, shashapka, likam wéash.
cube, cubiform body, shewatlyéash.
cull, v. t., ishka, lettya, sté-ila. Cf.
collect, gather, v. t.
culminate, v.i., said of celestial
bodies, p’laiki; the sun culminates,
shapash shewatza, or p’lai ki.
cultivate, v.
vated land, kiitla-shtitesh, né-ush.

hard, rounded c.,

t., hashud-a; culté-

cup, hashpotkish, kapa, pokuaga,
tutish; little ¢., kapaAga; c. made of
horn, tékiam kala; c., large, made of
bulrushes, miksha; small drinking
c., tray, kmi’; to give, offer nac,
shit, pl. shewana.

curdle, v.i., ndépa.

crossing piece—cylindric.

cure, v. t. heshudmpéli; to treat,
tchiita, yé-uka; to go out for curing
the sick, tchutansha; curing imple-
ment, mtiluash, tehuténdtkish.

curious, strange, wennini; abbr. |

wénni.
curiously, strangely, wénni.
eurl, v.t, sbnuntchzéla; c. oneself
up, shuhatchzala, kni’klya. Cf.
contract, v. |
curl, s., of hair, shnintehzdlsh.
curled, curly, ndshokdlatko;
hair, shnintchzolsh; curly-haired, |
tehitaksh.
currant; red wild-c.,
ftibes, tchmii'Thak.
curse, v.t., lAma, shalama; c. each
other, shimhii'tchna.
curtain, hishd’tkish.
eurved, © shtchishalkatko.
bend, v., crooked, warped
cushion, of chair, héshltanksh;
small c. on baby-board, shuipiklash.
customary; tse. with, gélya.
cut, v.t.; ¢. apart, asunder, sever off,
laktcha, lakadsha, shepitza, ktakta,
ktakiéla; long obj., ukéta, pl. vu-
Iddsha; titcha, utchdya; c. down,
as trees, ilyi, hishénui, ankuala;
tree cut down, himpoks; c. by means
of gashes, to slash, ktalidshna, lag- |
galtchna; partic. cut, wounded by a
cut, ktakalitko; c. with a knife, |
ktakta, ktélya; with knife or scissors,
ktushka, ktuytiga; c. oneself loose |
from, shalakta; c. notches into,

G |

species of |

Cf.

ktéWhiehé, ktepéta, kttizi; ¢. off

539

ktuyliga (and ef. c. apart); ¢. or
slice off, kttshka; c. off with a sharp
imstrument, puishka; ¢. off one’s hair,
shuydka; another's h., wytka, ktu-
yuga, ktishka; c¢. off from one’s
body, shuktaldsha; one’s arm, foot,
shalakta; ¢. off, mow grass, mulina,
Mod. mii'shka; c. off from retreat,
gayaya; piece, portion cut off, kttish-
kuish, kttishka; c. oneself, shdlakla,
shélakla; ¢. up, ¢. to pieces, ktetéga;
c.intwo pieces, shektakta, ktuléddsha;
into many pieces, parts, ktuytma,
ktuléddsha, powetéga; to be cut to
pieces, shukuadshka; ¢.in many places,
ktildsha; c. with a pointed weapon,
stika; c. each other, stiyua; ¢.,
wound with removal of flesh, shik-
takla; c. without r., shaktakla; ¢. to a
sharp end, point, watchaka; e. short,
crop short, shidshka; one’s hair,
shuyéga; c. one’s throat, shalak-
tcha, shelaktcha; another's, lak-
tcha, lakAdsha; to make the gesture
of cutting one’s throat, shelaktchia;
c. up, as an animal, ktetéga, nashki;
c. well, to be sharp, taka; partie.
tikatko; c¢. wood, sticks, ktélya,
Ankuala.

cut, s., piece cut off, ktuishkuish,
ktushka; gash, ktakalitko; c., scar,
wound, by which flesh was removed,
shuiktashkuish; by which no flesh was
removed, shaiktkaluish; to make a
slight c., tilansza.

cyclone, kéakiaksh.

cylindric, kalkali.

540

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

1D:

dagger, shlakatétkish; over two |

feet long, yuhanéash.

Dalles, the, nom. pr. of a series |

of swift rapids in the Columbia
River, and of town adjacent, Am-
pxze ni.

dam, s.; pile-d, wooden d., paplish;

fishing d or trap, made of fallen or |
felled trees, lumber-d, ndkosh; d. |
under the water's surface, otilks ; |

beaver-d., plmam naikosh; to budld a
d., nikua; living near a lumber d.,
nakushkshakshni, nakushyé’nkni.

dam, v. t.; tod. up the water, nakua. |

damp; é is sultry, patsha; i is d.,
wet weather, mukalta; d. and hot w.,
totwa.

dance, v.t., kshiuléya; to begin to
d., kshiulaktimpka; to go and d.,
kshiulakteha; d. at “doctor” dances,
wala; d. the virginity dance, shayt-
gala, yaikela, stupuytika kshtu-
léya; d. a war-dance, uldkasha; d.
a war-dance before the fight, tadsh6-
la, yuhulaklalza; fo make d., force,
prompt to d., shniksht'lza.

dance, s.; Indian d. of any kind,

yékish; d.-house, kshiulakgish; d.

feast, ksh; to arrange ad., ksiulak-

tcha; to perform a ceremonial or
any other d., kshiuléza; to perform

a gay d., tuituigidsha; fo per-

form long dances, kshititehna. Cf.
dance, v.

dandruff, pdkangsh.

dandy; to be d.-like, shalkia-a.

danger; to provide against d., sas-
saga.

dangerous; d. drug, k’lekétkish,
or luelétkish ya-uks.

dare, v. t., sha-apa-a.

dark, adj. said of night, tel’muka;
d. colored, limli’mli, Iiashptchi, tip-
tipli; pushptshli, adv. ptiishpush;
d. - complexioned, pushpushli; ef.
mukmutkli.

darkness, tehmt‘ksh.

dart, v.t., as a missile, shfkna.

dash, y.t.; d. to pieces, ndshapka,

Cf. break, smash.

over, laliga, pitliga,

tékua.
daub 5. vet.) a:
fta, fpka, shimalua, shidshka. Cf.
bedaub, line, smear.
daub, s.,shnéluash; round d., Itéks;
to make daubs, shimatlua.
daughter, pé-ip; sometimes we-
ash, dim. wéka; to give birth toad.,
péyala; related as d. to mother, she-
pialtko.
daughter-in-law, said by
father- and mother-in-law, p’tttap.
Dave Hill, nom. pr. mase., Lul-
datkish, Wawaligish, Wawiéaliks-
Skaitatko.

dagger—declare.

dawn, v. i. and impers., ni’lka,
nilakla, pii’ktgi.

dawn, s., nilka, pii/ktgi; to await
the d. of day in camp or elsewhere, |
ni'Ika, pi’ ktgi. |

day, waftash; one d. with night en- |
suing, waitash; all d., all d. long,
waitan, wiifta, waita; i the d. time,
during the d., pshé; to-d., gén wat-
tash; midday, pscksh; to pass a d.,

to wait one d., ov d. and night, waita;
to have passed a whole d., or d. and
night, waitdla.

daylight, nilka; d. appears, ni'Ika,
nilakla, pi’ktgi; to be somewhere
at d, ni‘lka, pivktgi. Cf. dawn.

dead, k’lékatko, pl. wénkatko; dead
persons are referred to only by the
pronouns gén, hi’k (pl. hi’ksha),
hiksht, hi’kt, because it is regarded
criminal to call them by their own |
names; to be d., gone, kii'gi; to be
half d., or almost dying, \Wickna,
Klekdla; d. tree, wapdlash

deadly; d. poison, kKlekétkish, pl.
luelétkish; d. berries, kélako’tch
ya-uks. .

deaf, shtchatitkitko, Mod. shtchat-
tantko; ntchdkish, huggi’tko; to be
d., ndshdka.

deal, v.t.; d. with somebody, ué-

Cf. shita

dealer, shéshatuish; (. intent wpon
a bargain, sheshatud-ish.

dear; cf. sell.

ulakta.

death, no ex. eq; after his, her |
death, k’lékuish, kle‘ksht at; time, |
epoch of d, \éluidshish; d.-lament, |

541

ludtpishlalsh; prophecy of d., tzi'-
tyash; substance producing d., k’le-
kétkish, luelétkish; to be on the
point, verge of a, Wlekala, k’lekap-
kashtala télshampka; to presage
d., foretell a violent d., tzi'tza; one
who presages d., tzt'tzatkish; to put
to d., hushtchéka; shfuga, pl. shuén-
ka, Mod.: tela, M. and KI.

debased, ktidshi; of d. character,
techektchékli, tchdkalsh, ktidshi
steinash.

debate, v.t., hashtdltala, waltka,
waltkapéli; said of one who is tak-
ing part in a debate, hémkanka;
debating place, waltkétkish

debauch, v. t.; debauched person,
kekelufpalish.

debt, ské-utish, shkiulaksh; to be in
d., shkitka, skfuta.

decay, v.i, mluala; decaying,
said of plants, pakatko; decayed,
mttlualtko; decayed log, kalapsh;
decayed wood-substance, milu. Cf.
putrid, rot, v.

deceased, -lilsh; as in d. father,
ptish-lilsh. Cf. dead, and Tila.

deceive, v.t., stitza, palla; d. again,
repeatedly, palapéle; to fool, shna-
pémpema, Mod. shnepémpema.

Decem ber, expressed inaccurately
by the instr. case of kaptcha, q. v.

decide, v.t., né-ulya; d. in favor
of, ne-ulzia.

ideclare, v. t. shdpa, she’gsha,

hémkanka,hemé’ ze; d.tosomebody,
shapfya, shatéla; d. wnderstandingly,
shegsh¢éwa.

542

decline, v. t. lewitchta; v.i., as
towards the horizon, tilya, tinoléna.

declivity, lali’sh, ginshkatko; d.
of mountain, yainatat ginshka; to
form da. ginshka; if steep, lala,
m’lai gi.

decomposed, putrid, ndupatko;
to be d., nddpa.

decree, v. t., né-ulza, né-ulakta,
tpéwa; d. in favor of, ne-ulzia.

decree, s., né-ulaksh.

decrepit, by age, k’mutchéwatko;
plants, pakatko; to become d. by
age, k’mitcha; plants, kmukéltgi,
nkdla.

deep, atini, abbr. ati; staying d.
down, munatalkni; d., depressed, said
of land, te’hlt@hli, Mod. teltélhi;
to be d., said of water, sand, ete., ati
éwa, or éwa; to be possessed of a d.
voice, tya’ntyana. Cf. bottom.

deep, adv.; d. down over a precipice,
or in the ground, water, muna,
munana, ttt muna.

deer, no generic term; black-tail d,
Cervus columbianus, shua-i; male-d.,
Cervus macrotis, pakdlesh; white-
tail d., mtishmush; young or little d.,
lilhanksh, Mod. lidlanksh; wfhla,
dim. wihlaga.

defame, vy. t., shéwala, atchiga, shi-
kita.

defamer, walizish, Mod {lkish;
wiknish, dim. wikniaga.

defeat, v.t, skipma, ptiedsha; a
battle, udtiyua, udtipka; wintzi,
Mod. vitizin.

defecate, v.i, szédsha, i-undla;

BNGLISH -KLAMATIT DICTIONARY,

when afflicted with diarrhoea, ntinté-
lakta, ntitélaktcha.

defile, v.t., to soil, kaknéga; to be
defiled, as water, kuytima.

defraud, v.t., stitya, palla; d. re-
peatedly or again, palapéle.

defunct; ef. deceased, dead.

degustate, v.t., kpdpsha.

delay; without d., pilak, palakak.

deliberate, v. i, hashtdltala;
waltka, waltakpéli. Cf. debate, v.

deliver, v. t., to rescue, hishtchi,
shnékshita; d. a@ speech, hémkanka;
when words are quoted verbatim,
hemé’ze.

delusion; to labor under delusions —
of mind, tilo’tkala.

t., vila; d. money,

Cf. ask, beg,

demand, v.
valuables, hishyakta.
require.

demented, tchawikatko, Iékish;
to be d., tchawika, Iéka.

demolish, v. t, shnéwi; kéwa,
pl. pekéwa. Cf. destroy, v.
demon, shko‘ks.

demoniace, irresistible, shkafni.

den, wa’sh; of a burrowing animal,
shnilash, stu, sttish; yé-ush; go-
pher’s d., sthish; small d., studga,; to
go, return, crawl into its d., kilibli;
gulf, pl. kilhi; to scratch ad., sttirya,
wa’shla; a round hole, lushantehna,
shli'tila; to insert a stick, ete., into a
d., kmakapshti; to obstruct ad., yan-
kapshti.

dense, htpkatke, mt-hipkatko;
fo be d., said of smoke, ete., milka;
of clouds, mt hitpka.

decline—detest. 543

dentalium-shell, ttitash; alké- stawa; to be deprived of, gayatgola,
tchik. k4mpka; stawa, Mod. stéwa; to

deny, v. t., shakamka; d. an averred be deprived of one obj., stani’-
fact, shikamka. tehna; deprived of, kéliak.

depart, v. i; generic term, géna; depth; into, atad., mina, munana;
gulindsa, gendla; d. again, gétkala; staying, being at a d., munatalkni.

d. and be, stay away, genudla; d.in| deranged im mind, tchawikatko,
haste, hikansha, du. ttishkansha, pl.| —I¢kish. Cf. crazed, demented.
tinkansha; d. on a trip, guhudshka,|deride, v. t, luatya, shepalua,

guhuashktcha; d. unexpectedly, tilé-| shuludkta, wétanta; d. repeatedly,
tkila; d. in a wagon, carriage, lu- shuludktcha.
hishktcha; d. by water, in a canoe,| derision, act of, wétish.
syowashka. descend, v.i.; ga-uld/la, gékuela;
deplete oneself, v. refl., sye'-| d. a ladder, gi'tya; d. into, vuléli;
dsha, ii-undéla. as into a valley, gulindsa; as ito
depose, v. t., from position, vutdé- the earth, gutila; d., to go down, as
dshna, shnékélui. fog, li’lya, lityi; as a fish-hook,
deposit, v.t.; d. long articles, ita, litzi; d. while rounding, or making
élya; fla, more freq. d.: yala; d.| turns, gutilapkapéli; to make d.,

round obj., lélka, Hikla; d. sheet-like | _ ktélya, ktiuléya. Cf. decline, v.
things, cf. lay, v.; d., lay, said of |descendant, young, of either sex,
birds laying eggs, kniikla; d.cross- | wéash, dim. wéka.

wise, kshévléka, pl. etlé’zi; d. in| Des Chutes River, nom. pr.
the ground, élya; d. on the ground or Kélamzéni Kéke.

elsewhere, kshfkla; pl. fkla; vases,|desert, v. t, to abandon, kédsha,

tubs, ete, tchilyia; d. on, upon, kédshna; hushlindsha, du. tushlin-
ita, pé-ula; bulky obj., persons, etc., dsha; pl. tilindsha; gtikaka, gt’sh-
fla, more frequently d.: yala; likla, ka; hi’shka.
nékla; d. upon, tehilya; d. upon| desire, v. t., shana-uli, haméni;
something high, kshiiwal; kshawal, to be fond of, witchta, witchna, sha-
pl. iwdla; to be deposited on, inside, yakshua; d. for oneself, shaména-
to be within, kshikla, pl. ikla. kia; d. strongly, tidi’ma.
depressed, low, said of lands, te’- destroy, v. t., to demolish, shnéwi;
hithli, Mod. teltélhi. d. almost, shne-uyala; by breaking,
deprive, v.t.; d. af, stana’tchna, smashing, kéwa, ukéwa, pl. peké-
Mod. stéwa; d., take away, long wa; d. by fire, nita, shniita, shnélza.

obj., tméshka, pl. yiméshka; d. of| detest, v.t, mi’tchka, snitiztcha,
the necessaries of life, food, ete., shnékakia. Cf. abhor, hate.

544

detract, v t., atchiga, shéwala.

devour, v. t., shli’ki, shnezia, pan, |

Cf. consume, v.
devourer, eater of, pipish.

paka.

dew and dewdrop, tchitaksh, Mod.

witchkinsh.

dew berry, same as raspberry, q. v.

dew-claw, pitiu.

dialeet, hémkanksh.

diaphragm, ginkiamnish.

diarrhoea; to have d., nkashgi,
ntitélaktcha, ntintélakta.

die, v.i.; generally used of natural
death, k’léka, pl. wénka, kalina;
lila, s. and pl.; when speaking of
violent, premature death, or star-
vation, tchdka.

die, s, cubiform body, shewatlyéash.

different, wennini, apoc. wénni;
wiktchish; all d. kinds of objects,
articles, ndnuktua; coming from d.
lands, parts, tribes, wennikni.

differently, adv., wénni.

difficulty; to havead., hishtchakta.

dig, v.t.; d. up, yépa, Mod ibé-
na; ibuttiya; d inthe ground, vuté-
ya; dug out, yCpantko; d. out edible
roots with a tool, méya, pl. of subj.

sta-ila; to go, start to d., mé-idsha, |

pl.of subj. stii-ildsha; digging ground
of edible roots, mé-ish; d. a den, hole,
said of animals, wa’shla, sttiya, yé-
wa, lushdntchna, shli‘tila; d. a hole,
cavity under something, hantila; d.
a round hole, ’béna; d. out near,
between two places, d. in the midst
of, met’timsza; d. while going from

place to place, yépantelna; digging |

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

tool, vutoydétkish; for edible roots,
dmda, meyétkish.

digest, v.t., ewisi.

excavation, ib¢ékantko;
Sull of diggings, ibutékatko.

dim, as weather, sky, tiptipli.

diminutives of substantives and
pronouns are formed by appending

-ak, -aga, -ka, -

digging,

ga.

dip, v. t, into water, iwa, shnin-
diiwa; d., make wet, shmukatana.

dipnet, round, lutéash; small-
meshed d., lA-iks lutéash; wide-
meshed d., witsdlas lutéash; other
sort of @., upandtkish; d. fastened in
the forking of a stick, téwash; small
d., putish.

dipper, kapdga, tutish; ef. cup;
name of a bird, Cinclus mexicanus,
ktat-shishnish.

direct, directly, adv., tala, ta-
laak; directly toward, talaak.

direction; inthe d. of, case-postp.,
-kéni, -~@'ni; in this d., géntala; in
that d., gitala, ge’tal; in a straight
d., tala,talaak; to give directions, stulf,
tpéwa; to g. d. while going around,
stulidsha; to meet from opposite di-
rections, hushtanka, Mod. shitanka;
to give a downward d. to arifle, ete.,
kinshakpka; to give an upward d. to
a rifle, ete., kinualpka.

director, laki.

dirt, earthy matter, kiifla; d., slush,
po’ks, tipesh.

make d.,

kaknéga, kaknéga shidshka, szak-

dirty, kaknégatko; to

néga; to become d., hushkaknéga.

detract—dispute.

disable, v.t., by a missile, ete., cf.
wound, v.

disallow, v. t., lewé-ula.

disappear, kia’gi; d. again, kii’gi-
péle; d., as fog, clouds, hudshaltka,
tchéka; d. again, repeatedly, as
clouds, tchédkapéle; d. under the
horizon, tinkuéla, tinega, tind’li.

disappoint, v. t.; to be disap-
pointed, as in finding a _ person,
galala.

discharge, v. t. as a horse, il-
Iéla; as a gun, pistol, téwi; shlin,
pl. yuita; ngé-isha.

discourse, v.t., hémkanka, waltka,
shapa; d. with somebody, shaptya.

discourse, s., hémkanksh, waltoks.

discover, v. t., find out, kiizya; d.
persons, long obj., shléta; d. through
inquiry, shemtchalya; d. accident-
ally, giwal; after a search, shléa;
not to d. after a search, léshma

discuss, y.t., hashtaltala, waltka-
péli; to argue, shempéta. Cf. de-
bate, v.

disease, népaksh; d., acute or pain-
ful, ma’shash; chronic or incurable,
shilalsh; relapsed into d., kalak ;
article producing d., tatktish; to be
affected with d., ma‘sha, shi’la; to
fall into d., shilaka, shildla.

diseased, ma’shetko, shilaltko; to
be d., ma’sha; if chronically or in-
curably, shi‘la.

disembark, v.i., kiupata, szapata.

disembowel, v. t., witka.

dish, hashpo’tkish; d. filled with eat-
ables, ksh; circular matted d., pa-

35

5495

hla, dim. pWhlak; d. of wicker-work
or pottery, shaplash, dim. shAplka;
tia; to give on ad., shui, pl.shewana.
disheveled, sha't, sha’tptchi.
disinter, v.t. kiabatzdle.
disk; disk-shaped, kalkali.
dislike, v. t; d. and to be cross,
tché’ktcheka. Cf. abhor.
dislocate, v.t., as a limb, organ,
tchishka.
dismiss, v.t., sptinka; d. from jail,
prison, spunkampéli; d., as troops,
skuyuépéli.
dismount, v.i., geld’la.
disobey, v.t. hishnkita.
disparate, wennini, abbr. wénni.
dispassionately, quietly, ké-
uni, Mod. kanktak.
dispatch, v. t, skuyui; hésha,
Mod. shnidsha; shnigéta; d. a
person for something, shniaktcha ;
d. away from, skuytishka; d. into the
woods, etc., skuyokaya; d. out of the
woods, skuyokaydla.
disperse, v.t., gayle, watakia.
displace, v.t., shidshla.
display, v. t., to spread, spukua;
d. itself, open out, shlapa.
disport oneself, léwa, lé-una
dispose, v.t., of a corpse, ilktcha,
isha, ishnila, p’naéna, vumi.
disposed, mentally, steinshaltko ;
well d, tidsh hushkankatko, Mod.
tidsh koypatko. Cf. crosswise.
dispute, v.t, hashtaltala, waltka-
péli; to argue, shempéta; d. in the
sense of scolding, shuke’ki; d. per-
versely, shakamka.

546

disregard, v. t. hishnkita; laws,
etc., yekéwa.

disrobe, v.t, udshipa, pl. idshipa;
d. oneself, kapdla. Cf. strip, v.

dissolute; d. person, kekelufpalish.

dissolve, v. t., shnatchaka, stilza;
d. ina pan, shulala.

dissolve, v.i.; said of ice, snow,
tchutchaya, Mod. tchédya; to cause
to be dissolved, stilya. Cf. melt, v.

distance, no ex. eq.; atad., adv.
tli, tut, tish; at a d. above, tu, -t;
in the d., hit (long objects, per-
sons); hf, di, or suffix -u; ku, ki;
far out in the a, ti, tish; to a d.
to a different place, wénni; to, from a
great d., ati; at a short d., wika,
tchinta; prep., wigdatan; a short d.
Strom home, iwag; being in the d.,
absent, adj. nég; ef. kuinag; coming
from somewhere in the d., ta’shni;
at ad. from, welitana; to jump into
d, héyeka; to keep somebody at a
d., vita. An act performed at a
distance, or unseen by the one
speaking, is referred to by the
suffix -pka (-apka, -ipka); at a d.
up in the air, -tpka.

distant, adj., atini, abbr. ati; that
d. one, anim. hi’'k, nég, tikni; inan.
hi’k.

distantly, adv., atf.

distemper, népaksh; same as |

disease, q. v.
distended, sptkuatko.
distinet from others, wennini, abbr.
wénni; wiktehish.
distressed, yanhudani, yudlkish,

|

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY,

distribute, v.t., she-ii’'ta; d. what
has been divided into portions, she-
patya. Cf. divide, v.

distribution, she-étish.

eve ; : Er
district, region, kiifla.

distrust, v. t. shnikfshala; ka-i
Idla.

disturbance, by noise, ké-i tt-

d., affray, shishikash;
atmospheric d, yalkam; to raise a
d, hishtchaktna; no d./ hitok i!

ditch; wet d., kokdga, sttinshish.

ménash;

dive, v. i, kidsha, pana; shikikia
(also with Ambutat); fo go and d.,
shikiziéna.

diversified, nanuktua gitko, wi-
ktchish; of d. colors, hushkalya-
natko.

divest oneself, v. refl, shi-
Ashka; d. oneself of; as of a hat,
shanatchvila; as of a coat, ka-
pola.

divide, v.t., into portions, shi-
Atka; d up, distribute, she-ii'ta; d.
in two portions, shektikta; d. be-
tween two, hekshatya; d. among sev-
eral or many, said of whole articles,
shelatza; d among several or many,
said of articles equal in size, she-
natza; d. the severed portions among
an equal number of persons, shepé-
tya.

divorce, v.i.; to become or be di-

Cf. vutédsha.

divulge, v.t., shdpa, stilya; d.

vorced, shékatcha.

a secret, stiltchka.
dizzy, as one drunk, lékish; to be d.,
lama, lemléma.

disregard—down.

dizziness, la’mlemsh; to be in a
state of d, lama, lemléma

do, v.t., to act, perform, gi; cf. gi
(5); shita; d.so, humasht gi; né-

asht gi, Mod. né-asht gi; o-dakgi;
d.one’s duty, tidsh gi; d. on one’s way,
shutédshna; don’t d. it! hiya! to
have to d. with, to handle, gishala;
to have something done, finished, viv -
na.
do, v.i.; d well, to be in health, tidsh |
hishlta; how do you do? tud i hi-
shlta?
doctor, v.
tchita, tchuténa; said of physi-
cians, yd-uka. Cf. treat, v.
document, written on paper, pipa.
dodge, v. t., gaméni; d. missiles,
hépélitchna.

i.

@, watchaga; male d., laki wa-
tchaga; female d., ndsilo watchiga;
d. rose-bush, Rosa californica, tehii-
Citom.
dolichocephalic, vultchikish.
doll, Amash.
dollar, tala; silver d., shilba tala,

palpali tala.
domesticated; said of beasts,
ka-i komf’shni; not d., fwash.

doe

tiam.

donate, v. t, many obj. spoken
of collectively, shewdna. Cf. be-
stow, give, v.

donation, shewdnish.

door, kaishtish; to close the d., shla-
uki; to open the d., kaishnila, Mod.
shla-ukidla; d.-key, d.-lock, cf. key,
lock.

said of conjurers, |

doorflap, of lodge, kaishtish; to

47

close the d, shla-uki; to open the d.,
kaishnila, Mod. shla-ukidla.

doorway, stékish, Mod. stékish.

dorsal; cf. back, s.; anterior d fin,
kaluish.

dot, v. t., witha pen, etc., shimalua;
to stain, shnélua; d. over, udckta;
d. over all along, ndéktana; dotted,
shumaluatko, shumaluakitko. Cf.
dot, s.

dot, s., ndéktish, shnéluash; round
d., \téks; to make dots, ndékta;
all along, ndéktana; to make dots
with a pen, brush, ete., shimalua;
full of dots, having dots, shuma-
luatko, shumaluakitko, udélgatko.

dotage; to be in one’s d., mékia.

dote, v.i, to be or become doting,
m¢ékia; doting person, mékish.

double, sometimes expressed by
lapi, two; and by lapok, both.

double, v. t.; d. up, as paper, spa-
galya.

double up, v. i, shuhatchyala,
knuikla, kni‘klya.

doubt, v. t, ka-i katak héwa, ka-i
Iléla; shnikishala.

dough, tupesh.

douse, v. t., shnindtwa.

dove; mourning d., 0 lash, dim. o-dlka

down, s., nil; downy feathers, mti-
kash; whitish d., O'lash; provided,
covered with d., ni'laltko, ni‘) gitko.
Cf. downy

down, adv.; d. to, downhill, down-
wards, yantana, yana; or expressed
by the prefixes ya-, yi-, ina-, the
suffixes -éla, -lya, ete; fo look d.,

548 PNGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

yaina télshna; d. below, low d., deep

d., mina, mundna; d. in, d. below

(also prep ), pélui; d. to the waist,

kaflish pani; the sun is d., {-unega, |

tinolidla.
downhill; ef. down.
downy, mukmitkatko, mukmukli.

downwards, yana, ydntana. Cf. |

down.
doze, v.i., thidsha; d. at intervals,
tiidshna.

drag, v.t., spuktiga; d. along upon

the soil, kiwalapaéta; said of a gar-
ment, gown, whlutuina; d. behind,
spidsha; d behind, over the ground,

spukigatchna; d. by the feet, spu- |
ktiga; while on a march, spuki- |

gatchna; d. out, shuinshna, spidsha;
d. out, as earth, spiamna; d. im tow,
hishplamna.

drag-net, téwash; wide-meshed,

téwash witchdlash; small-meshed,

téwash ]é-iks.
dragon-fly, kdéktingsh, atini kinsh.
drain, v.t., kitéka; to become or be
drained, pala, palala.

draw, v.t.; d. at something, spu- |

ktiga; d. after oneself, spidsha; d.
breath in audibly, hléka; d.a liquid
into the mouth, hlékua; d. forth, spi-
amna; (., make drawings, shima-
lua; drawn object, d. picture, shi-
maluash; d. out, ishka, spidsha; d.
out, d. out from, long obj., udshipa,

pl. idshfpa; round obj., ludshipa, |

shulshipa; d out, as rope, spika;
when fastened at one end, spi-
dshti’dshna; d. out, as ears, fingers,

spitadsha; d., pull out for a fight,
hushtépakta; when recipr., shu-
pashka; d. out, pull out, one long
obj., kshatgatnila; d. wp one’s legs,
shuhatechyala, knii’klza.
drawers, mfi’ntana.
dream, tufksh; d. of a magic, pre-
saging character, tuiksh; to have
ad., thiza.
dream, vi. ttiya; d frequently,
habitually, hushti’ktamna; to make
d., hushtiza.
idrear y, yualkishptchi; fo be d,
shéshiina. Cf. afflicted, sad.
‘drench, v.t, shmtkalta, shmuka-
tana, piga, shpaga; d., douse or dip,
shnindiwa; to be drenched, mukalta.
dress, y.t.; d. somebody in a long
dress, blanket, ete., skitchala; d. in
at the time being, lé’viita; d. one-
self, shuléta, shuldétana, shlékla;
while going, shulitantcha, shulu-
Atchna; d. oneself in a gown, long
robe, kt’kpéli; in a mantle, blanket,
sktita; d. oneself, females only,
kt’kpéli; males and females, skuta,
skutia; dressed in, skitatko; to be
| dressed, shulitamna; said of wo-
| men only, kéka; to be dressed in
an armor, kaknéla; in a gown, long
robe, kdka.
‘dress; s., and article of d., shuld-
tish; tehtlish, dim. tchulidga; d.
enveloping the whole body, skiitash;
ktiks; white man’s, citizen’s d., kapo;
Fur d., kailiu; long d. and female d.,
kuks; to have ad. on, shulitamna.

dress, v. t.; to tan, said of hides,

downhill—drop.

tkttya; dressing knife, of bone, nesh-
kétkish.

drift, v. i, d@ along, ladshna; d.

after, lilamna; d. away, shluldla;
d. downward, latzi; upward, luyéga,
spitkala—these terms referring to
clouds, fog, smoke; d. away in the
water, mpétitchna, mp¢étchna; when
by circular motion, lémewilya; d.

down stream, mpétitchna, mpetla-

léna.

drift-wood, as deposited by a

current, léméwaliéksh.

kéko-i, pdpo-i; d., lap, said of dogs,
ete., ulakshuléksha; d. owt, nanuk

- biinua; d. out of the hand, hiékua;

drink, v.t., binua; said of infants, |

d. to excess, lékanka; to go and d, |

buntidsha; to make d., to give to d.,
hushpdnua; drinking glass, lam-pu-
nti tkishti, wikamua.

drink, s., bund‘kish. |
drinker, binuish, more frequently |

bubdnuish; fo be a d., binua, bu- |

banua.

shlya, tilya, tiuléla; d down, d.
down from, nde-ukuéla, pl. wetkue-

drip, v.i, d. down, kiuliga, ndsht- |

: 549

coll. obj. also idsha, idshna, niwa;
d. away while marching, kptlaktcha;
set out for driving away, tpugidsha;
to continue driving away, tpugidsha-
pélitamna; d. back, or to one’s home,
puedshampéli; d. before oneself, as
winds do, vuhupiéga; d., as cattle,
shidsha, pl. nfudshna; ginkanka;
d. a hoop, wheel, circle, stilanshna;
d. into the ground, or into something,
téwa, pl. tetalya; d. into, as into an
inclosure, kpulf, tpulf, pl. niuli; ¢.
on level ground, shidshna, pl. niu-
dshna; d. owt, kptitcha, kpiitchna,
tptidsha, tptidshna, pl. nfukna; tpu-
lina; shtwa, pl. niwa; d. out, as
animals, hushaka, kputcha, ete.; ¢.
out of a lodge, ete., shika, pl. niwa;
to go and d. out, shuikidsha; d. out of
an inclosure, shuf-uya, pl. nfuya; d.
out again, kputchampéli; d. together
what is scattered, niulgidsha; ¢.
up, to the top of, tpualiéga; d. uphill,
tpi’lya, pl. niwdlya; a team, 1a-
ulya, niwalya; d. into water, shtwa,
pl. niwa; d. away from water, shui-
kina, pl. niwikina; d. out of the water
again, shuikipéli, pl. niwikakpéli.

la; as melting snow, ice, tchdkpa; d.. drizzle down, v.i., said of rain,

down continually from a pliant arti-
cle, tehétcha; to make d., tilya; hav-

ete., Iimlima, ndshindshishkénka,
ndshishlya, Mod. tchiptchima.

ing dripping eyes, papatkiwatko, drop, s., ndshishlya, ntiklaksh; to

tchétchapkatko.

|

drive, v.t.; generic terms: to force |

come down in small drops, ndshi-
shlya; to make fall in drops, tilya.

to go, ginkanka; to pursue, sht’dsha. drop, v.t. héshka, ktélya, shnin-

D. around, tpiyamna; in a circle,
pl. of obj., niulgidsha; d. away, off,
kptlya, tpulf, tpulina; for pl. and

téla, shninto/lza; d. on, upon, ke’l-
tama, iwdla; d. upon the ground,
shninto’tzi.

550

drop, v. i, inan. subj., gélya, hétza;
Mod. shnintéla; said of ,water, rain,
tishka, tilya, tiuléla. Cf. drizzle, v.

dross, nyttatko.

drown, v. t., dmputat shiuga, ef,
ktélya, ktvishna; d. oneself, pitak
tchla’lya, Mod.; to be drowned, kté-
lya, mpet’téga, tinua, Mod. pitakma-
ni tchla‘lya; drowning place, tinuash.

drowsy, ktanapkatko; tobe d., kta-
nipka.

drug, remedial, ya-uks; povsonous,
yi-uks; d. used for killing, poisoning,
kKlekétkish, many obj., luelétkish.

drum, bambam; d.-stick, udinténd-
tkish; to beat a d., udi’nténa.

drunk, Ilékatko;

Iéka.

drunkard, bitnuish, more fre-

quently bubénuish; lékish; to be a

d, bubénua, d. of biinua.

dry, adj., exsiccated, pahatko, nzi’- |

tchatko; said of water, paltko; 7
is d. weather, season, pata; to be, be-
come, remain d., paha, pala; to be-
come d., pala, palala, kaltki; to ren-
der d., said of sun, fire, shpdha; of
fire only, shnita; having d. eyes,
Ct. blear-eyed.
dry, v.t, pdha, pahalka; d. in the
fire, sun, shpaha; d. by fire-heat,

papahuatko.

shnita, shni’ya; d. fruits, berries,
ayulaléna; d. fruits, ete., over the
Jive, shnitchkua; dried berries, pa-
hatko fwam.

dry up, v.i., pala, paldla; to become
and be dry, kaltki; d. wp, become
atrophied, nzi'tsa; d. up, as rivers,

to be d., lama, |

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

pala, paldla, pahalka; d. up on the

| top, as trees, mpakuala.

duck; generic term for all wild ducks
and geese, mii’ miikli; young d, Mod.
tuitia. Various species of ducks: °
black and small, na‘ta; black and
white, mimaktsu; almost black,
red eyed, tcha-olaksh ;
brown, tsimgikuak; with large
flat bill, mia‘lilik; small, gray
headed, dim. tehékaga;
probably grebe, of the genus Po-
diceps, kékiaks; ef. kuitchia; long

kilidshiksh, kili-

dshiga; long legged, wa-whttsh ;

small,

tsé’ks,

necked, dim.

mallard d., wékash; d. resembling
the mallard, pdép-wiiks; red-head
d., killa; small d., mpdampaktish;
spotted and white, Bucephala albe-
Cf. yahiash.

dugout, canoe, vinsh, dim. vun-

ola, shné-ish

shaga.

ce

dull, blunt, kui tikatko.
dung, shki’sh.

‘dusky, in color, tiptfpli: to be d,

| said of night, tch’mutka; to become
d.-colored from smoke, ete., skélya.
Cf. dark.

dust, nki‘ka; d. whirled up, kililks;
when powdered by crumbling, by
heat, mbika; earth crumbling into
d., mbikash; to be full of d., nki‘ka;

to raise, whirl up d., kili’lka.
dwartish human creature, myth-

ical, nd’hniash.

‘dwell, v.i., tehia; d. among others,
tchawina, pl. shtv’kla; d. in a cer-
tain place, tehia, pl. wa; d. continu-

drop—eat. Dil

ally in, within, tehizdga, tehiwtza, | dwelling, tchi’sh; litchash, Mod.

tchi’dsha, pl. wadshuga ; d. together | stina’sh; place of d., living, wa'sh.

in the same village, ete., techipka. dye, v.t., shnélua; dyed, shnéluatko.
dweller, atacertain place, tehi’sh. 'dye-stuff, shneluétkish.

aie

each; the idea of severalty con-| earnest; tobe me., shakatga-a.
tained in each of, every one of, is| earth, land, country, world, kiifla;
expressed by the d. form in all e., earthy matter, dirt, kiiila; e., mud,
parts of KI. speech: nouns, verbs, poks, ttipesh; interior of e, le-
adverbs, ete.; e. other: expressed mina; é.-colored, kitlaptchi; e. or
by the prefixes sh-, h-sh-, forming dirt-lodge, kifla-latchash, luldama-
recipr. verbs; among, against e. 0., liks; to create the e., kailala.
shipapélinkstant, pipélangshtant. earwax, tutti’ ksh, wawdksam tut’-
eagle; bald or white-headed e., Ha- tt’/ksh, Mod. pd’hpash.
liaétus leucocephalus, yauzal; also ease, 8.; with ¢., ké-una; in Mod.
ealled skii/shki; to hunt the b. e., | also: kanktak.
yauzilala; golden e., Aquila chrys- easily, ké-una; in Mod. also: kank-
aétos, platwash; to hunt the 4. ¢., tak, tanktak
p laiwashaltcha. east, yéwat, la’pit; e., place of sun-
ear; both cars, of persons and ani- rise, tiné’yish; from the e., yéwat,
mals, mtimuateh, Mod. wawa- lupit, ef. eastern; eastward, towards
kash; exterior of e., wawdkash; e.- the e., yéwat, lapitala, lupit; on the
canal, wawaksham gintkish; e.-lobe, e, side, tinézishyé’ni; on the e. side

wawiaksam télkgish, Mod. litka- | of, lupian.
tko; earrings, set of, stashtim-| eastern, coming from the east, lu-
nish; e. of cereals, nish, O’tish;| pi’tkni, lupitalani.

bearing an e., nushaltko; e. of maize, east-wind, yéwash; the e. w. blows,

Indian corn, fshalkam (or istakam) yéwa.

étisht in Mod. also: tkapam otish. easy, ké-uni; at an e. pace, ké-una.
early, adj.; e. in the morning, eat, v.t.; persons, pan, paka, pa-

una/kni; e., belonging to the past, ula; persons or cattle, pawa; e up,
ma‘ntchni, tankni. | kéka, shli’ki, shnezia, vita; e.
early, adv.; e ithe morning, una’k, | habitually, patcha; e. in a brute-like
tina; prep., earlier than, before, manner, sop up, hldpa; e. wich a

Iipia, litpiak, lupitana. | spoon, hlépa; e. while walking,

hishnsha; to cease to e., pa-tila; to

commence to e., patampka; to con- |

tinue eating up, spé-ukitchna; to de-

sire, want to e., v. impers., pandpka. |

eatable, adj., pakish.

eatables, s., pdsh, mikamuk; e.
hoarded up by burrowing animals
in their dens, y¢-ush; e. preserved
in caches, vumi, p’ndnkuish. Cf.
caché,

eater; habitual e. of, papish.

echo; to start, raise an e., shnahual-
pakta.

eclipse, v. t., and e. each other,
shipatyzuka.

eddy, v.1., ¢. around, to form eddy,
mttigidsha, niulgidsha, ntilkidsha,
tchishkidsha. Cf. circle, n. and v.

edge, of thin articles, yulalina; e.
of hill, if rocky, walish; to form
an e., leliwa; to form an e. in fall-
ing, or a beach, yulalina; to send
over the e., yiulina.

edict, né-ulaksh, shunii‘kanksh; fo
publish an e., né-ulya.

educate, v. t. by teaching, ha-
shitiga; fo bring up, raise, hishta-
tcha.

educator, hashitigish.

eel, and lamprey c., kiwe, dim. ka-
wiiga; ¢@. spring, kawam.

Kel River, prs
Koéke, Tuma-Kawe-Gitko.

e-shell, nadpalam

ndsé’dsh; yolk of e, ki’-adsh; to

nom,

egg, ndapal;
lay eggs, napal hlé-a, hlé-a, népal
kntikla; to hatch eggs, hashpapka.

eight, ndankshdptani, usually abbr.

KAawam >

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

ndankshapta; e. times, ndankshap-

tankni.

leighteen, ta-unep pén ndank-
shapta, adding pé-ula, likla, iklat-
ko, ete.

eighty, ndankshaptankni ta-unep.

either, adj., if standing for both,
lapok; on e. side, pipélangshtant

61th ex,” conj.: sé. dan. or, ampka

| ..... dmpka.

eject, v.t., expel, anim. obj., kpulf,

| tpulf; to cause to e., inan. obj,

| shnupo’dsha. Cf. drive, oust, v.

elapse, v.i, giula, hidshna.

elastic, as india-rubber, tatchté-
dshatko; to be e, said of marshy
ground, hiuhiwa.

elbow, shtlpshaksh, Mod. shul-
Apshkish; to lean on one’s e. or arm,
kidpka; on both elbows, shiktii’dsh-
ampka. Cf. hishudlya.

elder or eldest brother and male
cousin, tyé-unap; eé. or e. sister and
Jemale cousin, ptalip; e. or e. of the
little ones, tyéwaga.

-elder-tree, Sambucus, shlélusham.

elect, vy. t., shtita; e. by a majority,
tumantka shita.

elevate, v.t., on a pole, stick,
aggaya, aggd-idsha, lagea-idsha; e.
sidewise, obliquely, kiuyéga.

eleven, té-unepanta na’sh, adding
likla, ete.

elk, Cervus canadensis, vin; e. buck,
vin lakf; e-fawn, vinam wi’hla,
tiwalsh; e.-skin armor, kaknélsh;
cf. armor; to hunt elks, vunaldsha.

else; somebody e., na’dsh, nayensh;

eatable—enemy.

elsewhere, nayanta kiifla, na’dshash,

Cf. another, other.

emaciated, pWhlaksh; nzitsatko;
to become e., sht'isha. Cf. dry, lean.

embrace, v. t., wi’k shatashka-
kidmna; Idtkua, shildakua. Of.
hug, v.

embroider, v. t., la-ikash-shitko
shita; fta.

emetic, tehtnukish.

emigrate, v.1, with or without
family, médsha, shemashla.

eminence, yaina, dim. yaina-dga;
rocky e., walish; e. shaped roof-like,
witlash; on an e., p’lai, p’laina,
plaitala; to stand, be on an e., tka-
lamna, du. ludlamna, pl. ltilamna

emit, v.t., air, breath, wika; shléwi;
e. sound, voice, noise, hima; e.,
musical sounds, walta; e. querulous
sounds, kahaha, kaikaéya, wawa.

employer, hashtaltampkatko; lakt.

empty, adj. kéliak tud; to be e.,
gimpka, ginsya, ginuala.

empty, v.t.; e upon, iwala, éwa;
e. upon again, iwalpéli. Cf. pour, v.

enamored, witchtank; fo be e. of,
kuktakia, witchta; witchna, shud-
nui; stinta.

encamp, v.i, mak’léza; e. again,
maklakpéli; e while traveling a cer-
tain distance, maktchna; ¢.at differ-
ent places while on the same trip,
maklaktcha; to go and e. annually,
habitually, makualsha; e. away from
the lodge, house, méwa; to be en-
camped, tehia; to be encamped to-
gether, mépka, tchipka; to remain |

wénuni.

53

encamped for a while, mikpka. Cf.
camp, s. and v.

encampment, tchi’sh; place of, ma-
kualksh ; former e., tchfwish.

encircle, v. t. gakidmna; sur-
round, hashampka; e. with, stun-
kédsha, sttinkidmna; e. while in
motion, gaki ma; e., surround, in the
form of a hollow body, ginkakidmna.

enclosure, of branches, ete., la-
tchaksh; fenced e., wakalak, Mod.
ktchinksh; to erect ane., latehdkshla.

encompass, v. t., sttinkidmna,
stunkédsha; e. closely, shatashka
kidmna.

end, s, no ex. eq.; upper e. of,
wihla, wilhashlash; of a cone, con-
ical tree, ete., hapa; at this e., as of
alog, gétyéni ; at one e.,né-igshtala,
na-itye'ni; at the other e. of, gctant;
who or what is at the lower e. of,
yana-kani, yanani; that’s the e.,
at ectak; to be, stand at the e. of a
file, row, tamddsha; to be, stand,
lie at the e. of, leliwa; at the lower
e. of, yumadsha; to come to an e.,
tména; to begin at one e., tmuyéga;
to come to an e., to stop, k’léwi; in
working, ete., shékélui; to sever, break
off at one e., na-igshtala shepatya.

end, v.t., shékélui, tména. Cf. end, s.

endeavor, v.1, kéko, tchtiktzaga;
e. more than once, keko-ttya, tchuk-
tyakainka.

endow, v.t.; ef. give, v.; endowed
with, gitko, ef. gi (4).

enemy, im war, shishdkish; per-
sonal e., shitehaktnish.

554

ENGLISH —- KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

engage, v.t., oneself, sheno'lya, e.o.|;entrap, v. t., shnapémpema, Mod.

in a fight, shuktampka, shéllual-
timpka; e. in a fight with stones,
ete., shuntipka; e. almost in a fight,
battle, shenotankikska.

engagement, shendlakuish; e. i
war, shishdkish.

Englishman, nom. pr., King-
Dshiteh, Sking Dshit’dsh.

enjoin, v.t., stulf, tpéwa, shatéla;
e. while going or traveling, stulidsha.

enough; e of it, g¢tak, at gétak;
tiimi; exel.: gdétak! Mod. tanktak!
kanktak!

enslave, v. t., lt’gshla.

ia

enter, v.i., gatkta; guli, ewhli, pl
kilhi; e.again, cf.re-enter; ¢., said of
animals going into their dens, kili-
bli; e. below, gutila; e. as a bullet,
eti'talya; e. the flesh, skin, shishna;
e. or crawl into, gutéga; e. by slid-
ing into, gutéktcha; e., as into a
house,
hilhe ;

gulf, pl. kilhi; e. quickly,

e. the married state, shump-
shéila; e. sidewise, kiatéga; e. into
woods, bushes, hiding places, huka-
ya, du. tushkaya, pl. tinzaya, ga-
kaya.

entire, nanuk; e, said of garments,
manufactured objects, ké-i tégat-
ko, k4-i wénatko, Mod. ké-i
vatko; to bee., sta.

entirely, st&; in the sense of
greatly, largely, mii, ka-a.

entrails, kaya. Cf. bowels.

entr
bar, obstruct an e., yankaépshti.

door, gate.

kA- |

ance; stékish; low e., stti; to |
Cf. |

shnepémpema.

entreat, v.t, tpéwa. Cf. ask, v

enumerate, v. t., shétua.

enunciate, v.t., shapa, hémkanka.

envelope, s. what envelops, wraps
in, walshash, sktitash.

epidemy, népaksh.

epoch; at that e, at, apoc. a;
tink; when recent, tankak; exist-
ing at that e., tankni; the one, those
living at that e., tanktchikni.

equally, htmashtak, himtsantka,
shthank-shitko; e. as, wikaktak.

erect, v.t. Cf. build, v.

erect, adj.; tobee. upon something,
to stand e. on one’s feet, tgawala, pl.
liwdla. Cf. stand, v., and the pre-
fixes t-, ta-, te-; te-, tk-.

erection; fo be ime., knia.

erode, v. t.; to gnaw at, kwii'ldsha,
kata, ngdta.

erudite, to be, v.i., pipa nanuk
shayuakta.

eruption of the skin, tchimtash,
etityaksh; to be sick with such,
ettkea: covered with
tchimtatko.

eruptive formation, tchéltchlish.

escape, v.t.and v i, gtikaka, e@ti’sh-

eruptions,

ka, Mod. kshita; e. through smoke-
hole, \6kansha; e. an imminent peril,
wipka.

escape, s, guikaksh.

espouse, v.t., said of both sexes,
mbushéala. Cf. marry, v.

estranged; to becomee., wenniala;
by distance, wett-i.

European, s. and adj. palpali
tchtleks gitko; Béshtin.

evade, v.t.; to dodge, gaméni; e.
shots, hépélitehna.

evaporate, v.i, tuaka.

even, adj.; unbroken, taktakli; slip-
pery, laklakli; polished, tchlizatko;
running straight, taltali; smooth, ta-
tatli, Mod. patpatli, adv. patpat; to
make e., patpat shita, vulina; e. but
of rugged surface, tswhtswhli, pat-
patli.

even, conj., tak, taks, ta’dsh

evening, ki’sh, litki; 7m thee., litki,
kishée’mi; later part of e., spunii’ ksh;
it is late in the e., spunéga. Cf. sun-
down, sunset.

evenly, adv., equally, shihank-shi-
tko Cf even, adj.

ever, adv., un, tin; at any time, tata;
always, tchishak. Cf. always.

everlasting, tcehtishnini.

every, nanuk; everybody, e. one,
nanuk; e. kind of articles, nanuk-
tua; e. night, nanuk pshin; every-
where, nanukash; coming from every-
where, nakantkni. Cf. all, each.

everything, ndnuk; all things in-
discriminately, ndnuktua.

evidently, adv., can often be
rendered by hai, hat, 4-i; brought
in connection to what precedes,
haitch. Cf. of
course

eviscerate, v. t., witka.

excavate, v.t. yépa, Mod. ibéna;
vutéya, kiifla shita; e. near, or be-
tween two places, met-’tamsya; e.

course, under:

engage—exist.

DDD

from under, hantila; e. around hole,
Vbéna, lushdéntehna, shlitila.
excavation, ibékantko, wa’sh;
Sull of excavations, ibutékatko.
excavator, kifla-shushatish.
excel, v.i., kshtizi; wintzi, Mod.
vuizi; excelling over, winiyish, wi-
nizishptchi.
excellent, mf tidshi.
excess, im drinking, lekankish.
exchange, v.t.; éo barter, sheni-
vita, shéshatui, sheshatufka, shi-
yuta, hesheliéta; to receive by ex-
changing for other articles, heshzal-
péli.
excite, v.t., the water, steléwa; e.
to rage, shnikdlua; excited, tehak-
alsh, kilosh, shawigatko; to be ea-
cited, nervous, tehuyatya; shawiga.
excrements, shki’sh.
exertion, s.; to make exertions,
litchtakia, tehuktyakanka, kéko.
exhaust, v. t.; to become exhausted,
kédshika; to become or be exhausted
as after exertion, tgélya, pl. lue-
ludlya, Mod. luald/lya; from travel,
sha’tki, pdhtehna.
exhaustion, s.; to suffer frome,
kédshika, pv’htchna. Cf. exhaust, v.
exhibit, v. t., héshla, hashfwak-
tcha; long obj., aldhia.
exist, v.i, gt; cf. gi (1) and (3); not
to ¢., kii’oi; e. in acertain place, me-
dium, tehia, pl. wa; e continually in
it, tehiyéga, tehi’dsha, pl. wAdshu-
ga; e. on, as on the ground, inan.,
Ibtika; e. on the shore, near the wa-
ter, tgaliga, pl. liluliga.

556 ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

exodus, and time of e., starting, gui-
kaksh.

expect, v.t., kmaka, walya; e. by
waiting, tchawaya ; watha.

expel, v. t., kpf/lga, kputcha, kpu-
tchna; shtiwa, pl. niwa; e. forcibly,
tptidsha, tptidshna, tpulina; e. from
a lodge, shika, pl. niuya; e. again,
kputchampéli; to start for expelling,
tpugidsha, shtkidsha.

expert, shdyuaksh.

expiate, v.t.; to cause to e., shik-
tchaktchna.

expire, v.i, kléka, tchdka, lila.

explain, v. t., heshamkdnka, shé’-
esha; e. to cach other, heshégsha.

explode, v.i., ndéga, tita, kitita,
mbéwa; to cause to e., mbAwa; if
by astroke of the hand, shnambua.

explosion, téwish.

expose, v t., to the smoke, hashla-
iya.

expound, v.t., litatka; e a story,
stories, shashapkélia.

expounder, s,, of fictive or other
stories, shashapkélé-ish; of the con-
jurer’s sayings, luldatkish.

express, v. t, one’s wishes, sham-
énakfa; shand-uli, haméni. Cf. de-
sire, v., wish, v.

exsiccate, v.t, paha, pahalka;
to become exsiccated, nzi'tsa, pala,
pVhtchna. Cf. dry, v. and adj.

extend, v. t., patadsha; e. the arm,
nika; e., especially referring to the
feet, sptikua; e. the index finger,
ylishka, ytshakéna, spélsha, spél-

shna; e. by hand, spatadsha; e. limbs |

and elastic obj., spitadsha; e. one’s
limbs, shuatawi; e., or stretch over,
nédsya; as a blanket over a shrub,
hishuggdya, shakatchuala; e,
straighten, tkiya; e. for tanning,
tkttya; not extended in time, tankni.

extend, v.i.; ¢ in a downward di-
rection, mostly said of liquids, tila-
lina; e. over, upon, round subj.,
lusha; long subj., tisha; e. over the
upper part of, lawdla; e. in a ridge,
gilhua; e. on one side, naitaltélshna ;
e. in width, as prairies, water, néwa.

extensive, muni.

extensively, md, tim, ka-a.

exterior, adj., being on the outside
of, kanitani.

exterior, s., crust, kanitani; hav-
ing the same e., shuhankptchi. Cf.
ear.

exterminate, v. t.; e. by killing,
generally with pl. of obj., hush-
tehdéka; e. each other, hushtcho’k-
’huya; e. by crushing, hiétala. Cf.
destroy.

extinct; to become e., as fire, pitch-
ka, spitchka, Mod. pitcha, spitcha.

extinguish,-<v. t., fire, spitchka,
Mod. spitecha; e. a light by hand,
kpadsha; by blowing, pni-ukshla.

extirpate, v.t., fkna

extract, v.t. itkal; one long obj.,
kshatgatnila; e. from, tka, tkiga,
fkna, ishka; e. from the soil with a

tool (bulbs, ete.), méya, pl. of

subj. sta-ila; object extracted, ikaks.
extravagant, ké-ikash, l¢talani,
Mod. kéliak kéypash.

_—

ii

4
|
|
|

exodus—fall. 557

extravagantly; to act, to behave
e., ka-ika, ki’la, sheshzé’la; one
who behaves e., ka-ikash, shesh-
yeila-ash.

extremity, no ex. eq.; at one ce. or
side, na-itzéni, né-igshtala; to be at
one e, tamadsha, lamddsha; to be at
the lower e, yumadsha; to place,
fasten at one e., tamadsha. Cf. end.

eye, lip; having eyes, lWlpaltko;
e-ball, Vi'lpam léwash; e.-brow,
shnékélish, Mod. shnatligsh; e.-
glass, sheshalkosh; e.-lash, szé-
mintch; e.-lid, shkapshtchili’liksh;
upper e.-lid, shlélaluash, or lilpam
shiélaluash; lower, lulpam yantan-

ni; ¢.-water, tear, kélmash; white of
the e., pti’klash; glutinous substance
of the e., walash; having dry eyes,
papahuatko; having dripping, run-
ning eyes, tehétchapkatko, papat-
kawatko; to have the ‘“‘evil eye,”
tawi; having one e. open, nadshi-
yatko; to have e.-sight, télshna; to
embrace with one sweep of the e.,
teldli; to close the eyes, kélamtcha;
repeatedly, kélamtchtamna; to fix
the eyes upon, tucktueka; to make
eyes for somebody, ltilpalpalia; to
turn the eyes towards, around, tel-
shampka. Cf. nictate, wink, v.
eyrie, shnulash.

ae

fable, fabulous story, shashapké-
léash; narrator of such, shashapké-
]é-ish.

face, télish; provided with, having
such a f, télantko; to look ito a
person's f, talpdtka, talpakpka; to
see, recognize somebody’s f. from a
distance, telitankpka; to scratch the
Sf, tehlii’pka; to turn the f upwards,
tilualya; to make faces, nidshonid-
shua, shnashnatia; making faces,
distorting the features, kowiti-
watko. Cf. paint, wash, v.

fade out, v i, kmukdltei; fo wither,
nkala.

fain, ady.; sometimes expressed by

kam, kim, q_v.

faint, v. i. pémptki, tchéktamna.

fair, adj., f-haired, mukmukli; f,
in the sense of beautiful, tidshi,
afshishtchi.

faithfully, katak.

fall, v.i, ndé-uli, pl. wetédli; ndé-
wa, inan. hétza; Mod. shnintdla;
F. accidentally, inan. gclya; fo asun-
der in two, shewatza; f. down,
ndé-uli, pl. wetéli; vi'li; to topple
over, ndéwa; to drop, as leaves, hct-
ya; f,, technical termin games, ksha-
wina; f. down from a height, ndé-
utyi, vii’tyi; a small distance, nde-
ulina; f£ down obliquely, nude-ut-
kudéla, pl. wetkudla; / down by
becoming detached, ndé-ushka; /.

558

. , . !
down, as rain, tishka; as water in a

vascade, nttltki; f£ down, drip, as
liquids, kiuliga, tiuldla, tilya; f
down a hill, nde-ukuéla, pl. wet-
kuéla; again, nde-ukuelapéli; f in
with, gawal; again, gawalpéli; f
into, hinua; jf. into the water, ndé-
wa, pl. tinua; to come near falling
ito the water, ndéwakshka; f
near, between, or on, inan. hinshya;
f. to pieces, as mold, te-utéwa; #
Jrom a sitting position, ndéwanka;
J. from an upright position while
going, standing, ndé-ulya; ff. in
quantities, rain, liquids, kit léka;
Ft. sick, shi‘laka, shildla; f. while
stumbling, udshiklya; f. with noise,
roar, tiwi, liuna; f. under some-
thing, i-utila, hintila; f upon, on,
anim. vi'tza, nan. hinua; upon the
ground, vt tyi, inan. hinui; fallen tree,
himpoks; to let f, héshka, ktélya;
shninto’lya, shnintédla; to let # in the
sense of losing, long obj., shnikita ;
to let f. on, upon, k@'ltama; into the
water, shnindttwa, ktélya; on the
ground, shninto’tzi; liquids, iwala;
to let oneself f. into the water, ktélya.

fall of the year ; cf. autumn.

fatsely, huna’shak, ké-i kétak.

HE

relatives included, sha-amoksh; hav-

family, of children, wewéash;

ing af., weweshaltko; father, mother
of af, weweshaltko; his or her f,
nanuk n’na weweshaltko.
famine, tid’mish.
famished, mii tiii’mantko, pda’h-

laksh; tobe f, mt tii’ma, stéwa; for

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

the time being, sta-dta; to. look f,

pahalka. Cf. ravenous.

fan, s., shiulopkétkish, Mod. shiulo-
kslétkish.

fan, vy. t., shiulina, shiulapkdétkish-
tka shudlya, ulf-ukshla.

fang, of bird, shté’ksh; of beetle or
other insect, naishlikgish; tdéke,
dim. tukiiga.

far, adj., atini, abbr. Ati.

far, far of, adv. ati, hu, -u, ku,
kui, ta, tish; £ away, titaks ati; f.
Jrom house, camp, kiinag, wa; f. out
there, tush; not f. off, tchinta, wiga-
ak, wika; asf. as, pani; by f, att;
coming from afar, kiikni, atikni.

farewell; to bid f, shéka.

if tilled,

ploughed, kiifla-shutesh, né-ush.

farm, hashuash, kiifla;

farther, pélui; twutit; f vp than,
plaitana. Cf. further.

fast, v.1., stawa, sta-dta.

fast, adj, swift, killitko; to be f at
running, riding, ete., kila; f horse,
tidshi watch.

fast, adv., swiftly, kil, kilank; palak,
Mod. pélak; palakmalank; very f,
palakak; to run f, killikanka; 1a’,
or killank @¢éna or hiidshna; kshit-
tiki, nki’] ksititki.

fasten, v. t.; £ ov something, sta-
kla; as strings, ete., stti’nta; / at
upper end of, nawal, kshawal, iwala;
J. at end of, long erect obj., tama-
dsha; /, especially in the ground,
one obj., téwa; f by inserting
in perforations, hishtamna; f or

pin together, hashtatchmaya; jf. to-

fall—fell.

gether, ski tawia; with strings, etc., |
tinkopka; f transversely, kshet’le’-
ka, pl. etle’zi; to be fastened on, up- |
on, nawal; fastened to, stalégatko.

fat, adj., p'litko; to be f, tehishztzi,
plitko gi; to become f, p'lin; to ren-—
der f., shnipélan.

fat, s. plu, plitko; f£ of deer, game,
ete., pfltpantko; rendered f., stilli- |
nash. : |

fatal, letiferous, Wlekétkish, lueldt-

kish; ktidshi; f# song, ktidshi |

shui'sh.

father, p’ti’shap, Mod. t’shi’shap; |
fof a first child, sgt’tch; deceased |
f, p'ti’sh-lalsh; related as f- to son, |
sha-ungiltko; fatherless, p’ti’sh -
lilatko; to call somebody /, p’ti’-
shalpka; father’s elder brother, said |
by niece, p'lukt'tchip; f’s younger
b., said by the same, p’shé-ip; fath-
er’s elder and younger brother, said
by nephew, p’sh¢-ip; f’s sister, said
by nephew and niece, p’kitchip.

father-in-law, said by husband
of daughter, késhpaksh; said by
son’s wife, p’tt’tzap.

fatigued; to be and to become f,
worn out, kédshika; to be f, sha’tki.

fatten, v. t, shnipélan.

favored by fortune, i-atklish. |

fawn, wifhla, dim. wihlaga; f of
elk, tawalsh, vimam wi’hla.

|
|
|

fear, v.t., vasha, shinamshta; to be |
terrified at, yayakia. Cf. afraid.
fear, s.; to be, stand in fof, cf. fear,
v. t.; for f, vishuk, shinamshtnuk.
feast on, v., pashuta.

509

feather, lash; largest f, la’sh,
tchnipal; shorter wing-f- of bird,
hlaka; smaller f. of bird, ni‘l; cov-
ered with such, ni‘laltko, ni’ gitko;
tiny, soft, downy f., animal and veg-
etal, mttkash; f growing on head,
provided with feathers,
to adjust feathers on ar-

shawalsh;
ldshaltko ;
rows, hla’.

feathered, ldshaltko

feature; human features, télish; to
have the features of, tlha. Cf. face.

February; inaccurately corre-
sponds to spéluishtka, instr. case of
spéluish.

feed, v.t., hashpa; said of animals
feeding their young, spalala; f on,
pan, paka, pd-ula; mainly said of
animals, pawa; jf. on habitually,

patcha.
feed, s.; fodder, hashpkish; f-trough,
hashpo’tkish.

feel, v.t.; £ around, asin the dark, teha-
lushkanka; f. cold on body, katka;
on limbs, ndé-itia; f al or aggrieved,
shuntyua; f. offended, shlamia; f
pain, tatkta; f. a tickling sensation,
tchiytchiya; f. well, tidsh hushlta;
F. unwell, kai hishlita

feign, v. t. shnapémpema, Mod.
shnepémpema; sometimes
pressed by suffix -ia, e. g. shake-
mia, shatashpapkia, q. v.

fell, adj., ktidshi steinash, kuidshi,
tchektchékli, tchdkalsh.

fell, v.t.; to make come down, as trees,

ex-

hinui, flyi; # by cutting, sawing,
hishanui; felled tree, himpoks.

560

fellow, and f-traveler or -war-
rior, shawalinéash, Mod. shitchlip.

female, s., shnawedsh, pl. wéwa-
nuish; old f, welékash; wnmarricd
J, shiwaga.

female, adj.; said of certain ani-
mals only, gilu, dim. giluaga; of
others, ndshilo, dim. ndshiluaga;
F. infant, shnawédshka.

fence, s.; railf, latchaksh, Mod.
ktchinksh; to erect a f., latchdkshla;
to surround with a f., shutédshka;
f-wall, stone-wall, wakalak

fence in, v.t., shutédshka.

fence-mouse, m’shash, wa’shla;
another species, Tamias quadrivit-
tatus, washla-aga, Mod. witchash;
to hunt f-mice, m’shashaltcha, wa- |
shldla, washlalsha.

fertile, wa-ish, more frequently d.
wawa-ish; f, level ground, gtihua.

fetch, v.t., iktcha, épka; atpa, pl.
itpa, itpna; round obj, lika, lépka;
to start for fetching, \i'ktcha; to start
Jor fetching again, or back, lushgé-
pele; f, thin obj., né’pka, sheet-like
obj., shlépka; again or habitually,
shlepkipéle; # liquids, tehtktcha; f. |
home, hiwi, hiwidsha; f. by going
Jorth and back, iwilya (hiwilya); f.
Jor oneself, atpa, pl. itpa; f. out of the
house, lodge, iktchapéli; f. a spark |
of fire, klukalgi, klukdlgi liloks, |
kléna. Cf bring, earry, haul, v.

fetid, ndtipatko, kii piluitko; f

smell, ndipash.
fetlocks and small pastern, nkin- |
a |
katnuish. |

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY,

fever, kélpoksh-ma’shash, or kél-
poksh; f and ague, tiishtushish; to
suffer from a f., kélpoksh ma’sha,
kélpoksh shi‘la; to suffer from ma-
laria, f. and ague, tishtusha, Mod.
tushtushla.

few, not many, tinkak; kinkani,
abbr. kinka; ndnka, tumidga, ké-i
timi; f and scarce, “f. and far be-
tween,” kinkani; some f,, tankak; a
f. only, tankakak, kinkak.

fiber-bark of larger trees, pines,
ete., stépalsh.

fibula, shnitehlkutkish.

fiddle, s., adshago’tkish.

fiddle, v.t., adshaga.

field, prairie, saiga, dim. saikaga;
level f., né-utko; planted, arable f,,
hashuash, kifla-shutesh;
Jertile f., gtuhua.

fifteen, te-unepanta timep, adding:
likla, pé-ula, ete.

fifth; one-f. part, tinipa shekta-
tyatko; two-fifths, lapi ttinip shek-
tatyatko.

fifty, tunépni té-uniip

fight, v.t., f against, shcllual, she-
nétanka; ff back, shekaktcha; f in
battle, war, shcllual, shiuga, shiu-
kiya, shendtanka; f with clubs,
ete., shutapka; shishtika, d. of shiu-

né-ush,

ga; shtka; f for driving out, shika;
J with fists, shuktipka, shika,
shishtika; # with stones, ete., shun-
tapka; / in troops or bodies, she-
with
words, hishtchikta; to begin fight-

nétanka; f, have a contest

ing, shellualtimpka, shuktaimpka;

a.

fellow

fo come near fighting, shenotankik-—

ska; f for a while only, sheno-
tank’hitya; fo be, make ready for
Sighting, hushtépakta.

fight, s.; fist or club-f,, shishtkash;
to have a f., shiuga, especially d.
shishtka; shiukiya; to draw out
Jor a f., shupashka.

fighter, sheshaldlish, shishikish,

kilosh; f arrayed for war, ktaklish; |

brave f, killank shishtiikish. Cf.
brave, s.

figure, image, drawing, shtimal-
uash; ££, numerical, shimaluash.

figure, v.t., to represent by a draw- |

ing, shimalua; f up, count, shctua.
filament composing veins of feather,
mukash.
filch, v.t., antlipka; steal, palla;
long obj., tméshka, pl. yiméshka;
to return for filching, pildshapéle.
filcher, papalish, tet’mashkish.
file, s.;f, row of persons, ete., ttin-

shish, kimbaks; to advance in front |

J, t-itchna; to exist, stand high up
inaf., shuliiyuala; to form af, as
trees, wamla; to follow in a f,, ga-
lampaga, kinshakshna; to gather,
collect in a f., row, series, cf. gather,
v.i.; to return ina f., kintchampéli;

to stand ina f., crowd, tgakiamna, pl. |
liukidmna, lualédya; to travel, march |

ina f., hishkantchna, kintchna; fo

be at the end of a f., series, leliwa, |

lamddsha, tamadsha; at the lower

end, yumidsha. Cf. lie, sit, stand.

fewest feupstacis jf, Up 201th,

{kuakpéli; with a liquid, iwala,
36

—fine. 561

kityoga; f up and let remain stand-
ing inside, inan. obj., éwa; f. up
with, as with earth, kélua; f with
air, pniwa; f. into the basket, sta-
ila; ff in, as a hole, shekelaléna;
F. into, or f. something with, ikuga,
ulézuga; f: oneself with food, i’-una,
shohéta; / a pipe, ete., staldla; f. up
in sacks, bags, ete., iwiya; to be
filled, sta, stini gi; with sand, ete.,
shmo‘tka; with liquids, etce., i’wa,
tehiwa.

fin of fish, kidshash, dim. kitchka;
anal f., shuidshashksaksin kidsh-
ash; anterior dorsal f., kidshash wa-
kAluish, Kl. kéluish; dorsal back-f,

kiidsha; pectoral f; vushéksaksin

kidshash, or kidshash yutilan; /at-
eral f,, pipélantana kidshash; tail-f,
kpe'l.

finally, gétak, k’léwiank; at, apoe.
a; tehék, tehé’/ksh; tché-etak;
mantch-eitko; tehvi ma‘ntch-gitk
tche’k; f. out there, tchuk.

find, v. t.; f out after a search,
shléa, long obj. shléta; # accedent-
ally, by chance, ndakal, pl. ttkal;
Ft by chance while going, ndakalkan-
ka, gawal; one who finds accident-
ally, i-Atklish; f. anew, f out again,
shlépéli, gawalpéli; f eneself and f-
each other, shakual; f. out, kuiza;
by reasoning, shemtchalza; not to f-
after a search, \éshma.

|

ifine, v. t.; to be fined, skukta.
|
fine, adj., the opposite of coarse,
ndshckani; to mash, make f., stapka,

ndika, ndshipka. Cf. pound, v.

562 PNGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

filly, tza-ush, watcham wéash.

finger; f, and all the fingers taken
together, lyawawash; thumb, tyopo;
index f, second f., spéluish, ytish-
zish; to put it forward, spélshna;
middle f., tatzélamni, Mod. tzdla-
mni; ring- or fourth /, kaptchélam
shindktish; small f, fifth f., kaptcha;
J -joint, lyawawash; f-nail, shte’ ksh;
J-ring, népshish; to hold the fingers
in a scratching position, shlitizapka;

to put fingers forward, spélsha, spél- |
shna; to put out two fingers in a

game, szétcha; the putting forward
of these fingers, szétchash.

finish, v. t.; jf wp, shoteldla,
vil na.

finish, v.i.; tostop short, Vléwi; f,
wind up, tména; f in the sense of
to cease, terminate an act or state,
is expressed by the verbal comple-
tive in -éla, -tla.

fire, liloks; the f burns, nita; f. ap-
paratus, f. drill, shlikuyétkish; to
build, make, kindle a f., shniita, shni-

liwa; in the camp, near lodge, or |
in the house, shia/dsha, shné’pka; |
when traveling, shndéna; away from |
home, shnatkolua; fo catch f, shli- |
kui; to come after, fetch a spark of f, |

kléna, klukdlgi; to be consumed by
J, shntiya; to destroy by f, shnita;
to dry by f-heat, shniita; to expose to
the f, roast, lushna, ndkla; to go
out, said of f., pitchka, Mod. pitcha;
to give f,, shoot, téwi; shlin, pl. yuta;
to have a f. in the camp, sht’dsha;
to lie near, by the f:, kshéluya; to

lift, take off from the f,, tchéleyéga:
to poke im the f, kpatia; f-poker,
kpa; to put the f. out, spitchka, Mod.
spitcha; to rebuild af, shidshapéli;
to set on f, shnélya, shnatkalka; to
set to the f. for cooking, ete., ilala;
to sit, warm oneself by the f., tehcélui;
J-wood, talaak Anku; when put
away, stttilash; ef. pile, s.
fire, v.t. téwi; shlin, pl yuta; f at
each other, shétui, hishlan; f. off!
Atui shla’t! or dtui! Mod.; to com-
mence firing, shlitampka, pl. yute-
timpka; to wound, kill by firing,
shlin, pl. yuita. Cf. kill, wound, v.
fire-arms; rifle, liloksgish; dis-
charge of f-a., iloks. Cf. pistol.
fire-brand, ki’pkash, shukélatch-
noétkish; tofish withaf-b., shla‘tchua.
fire-drill, apparatus of, shliku-
yotkish; block of wood, on which
the f-d. stick, gat, is turned, kétlash.
-fire-fly, kalmémoksh, tchatchlai ;
species of, tehatchlaiptchi; looking
lke a f-f, tchatchlatptehi.
fire-place, shné-ilaksh, to’ke;
/-p. in or outside the lodge, shi’-
dshgish; belonging to an encamp-
ment, shné-ipaksh; f-p. of winter

house, tant; to construct a f--p.,

skélya.

'firim, immovable, tehanshan; f. and
to be f., kuata.

(firmly, kuata, tehanshan.

|first, in space and time, lupini, lu-

pitni; / in rank, age, order of time,

tyc-u; to be the f. (or last) in a file,

leliwa, tamadsha, lamddsha.

filly —flat.

first, adv., at f, firstly, lupt; for the
) ’ J) ¥Y, AUptl;

Sf. time, lupi, lupitana.

fish, s., kii’m; species of f, tchelé-
yash; of large f, tstlpas; of small
f, stédkuaga; of sucker-shaped f,
vinai; of sturgeon-like f, tst’p-
kish; of a f/ resembling the sun-f,
tépa. Dried f. reduced to powder,
kamalsh, tefllak; f-bladder, shui-
dshash-lawalsh, or shuidshash; /-
Jin, kidshash; for specific fin-names
ef. fin; f-gig, f-harpoon, ki’sh; f-
hook, \iitkish; f-line or -string, kné-
ush; shué-ush; to put out the f-line,
knéwa; f-net, cf. net, dipnet, drag-
net; f-rod, vuka; f-séale, tchilak;
f-skull,nkak ; f-trap, ludlkish-kiii’m,
or kiii’m=-luélkish; nakosh; to catch

f., kiii’m iela; wath the line, shué- |

wa; to spear f. through ice-holes, yt-
kashla; to watch f. at the ice-holes,
vulan, Mod. ulawa. Cf. fish, v.

fish, v. t., kii’m shnika, pl. kidi’m
lviela; in the fishing season, kiaimii’-
mi; f. with a dipnet on a canoe,
hikst/lsha; f by means of the
kalksh, kalktchéla; fi with a light or
lantern, kiidshoa, skla‘tchkanka;
Ft. with a fire-brand or torch, shli’-
tchua; f. with any sort of net,
utchin; with a drag-net, witchdlash-
la; f. with interruptions, shnikanu-
anka; f. with the line, shuéwa; kné-
wa; fishing-net of any kind, teha-
lash; cf. net, dipnet, dragnet;
Jishing-place, vikish; jfishing-trap,
kii/m=luélkish; jfishing-rod, vuka;
kind of fishing-scoop, kallksh.

563

fish-hawk, Pandion carolinensis,
tiktukuash.

fish-otter; ef. otter.

fisherman, kii/m-luélkish, kii’m-
lueldélish.

fit, adj., qualified for use, shipatch ;
SF. for working upon, shitesh.

fit, s.; to have a f, pémptki, tehdk-
tamna.

five, ttimep; f times, tunépni; dwr-
ing f. days, tunépni watta, waitdlat
or waitélank; only f, tunipantok.

fix, v.t.; f. or paste on, néta; f. m
the ground, as one stick, téwa; two
sticks, stalya, pl. tétalza; f° one’s
looks, attention upon, telshimpka,
shlépopka; fi the eyes upon, tuék-
tueka; ff. ropes, etc., on something,
sti/nta; fi on the top, as of a pole,
ipma’teha; kshdwal, pl. iwdla.

{1 XC ON De 101 Ve

gaya.

oD

pass. long
subj., aggaya, pl. ig
fizzle, s., shkish.
fizzle, v.i, shkfa.
flag, Whiulaksalsh, ple’k; shi’l.
flame, v.i, mita Cf. blaze, v.
flank, of animal, lalash; f. of quad-
ruped near genitals, Ikdélkosh ;
from, on two or both flanks, sides,
pipélantana; fo rub one’s f. against,
hlintana.
flap, v.t.; f the wings, said of birds
poising themselves for a flight,

néna, Mod. shné’dsha; neinéya,
ninia. Cf. flutter, v.

flat, patpatli, adv. patpat; tatath;
taltali; with a rugged surtace, tsu-
htswWhli; f, said of lands, t@hlt@hh,

564. PNGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

Mod. teliclhi; f-topped, to be, eilhua;

J. mountain-top, gilhuapksh ; f. por-_
tion of foot, hand, tikak; to le fion flier, of arrow, la’sh; to put fliers on

the ground, wimpka; to render f, |

shnipka, pitpat shiita. Cf even,
adj.

flat-iron, latashtinétkish, Mod.
latadshétkish.

flatten, ‘v.
shita.

flavor, ma’shash; what emits f, pilu-
yéash; to emit af, pilui; to have the
F- of, ma’‘sha (with shitko following).

flavor, v.t.; to be flavored, ma‘sha;

t.; shnidpka, patpat

pilui.

flax, wild, gilkmaks.

flay, y.t., nashki, nashktla; nelina;
F. all along, nasnikititna.

flea, kéhiash.

flee, v.i.; fi within sight of the one
speaking, htidshna, du. tidshna,
pl. tinshna; f# unseen, far from the
one speaking, lvidshampka, du.
tishtchampka, pl. tinshampka; f
away from, et’shka, etikaka; f,
withdraw from, kédsha, kédshna;
to make f., put to flight, ptiedsha,
puedshampeéli, kputcha, kpulf, tpull.

fleet, adj.; killitko; af horse, tidshi
watch.

flesh, human or animal, tchdléksh;
to enter the f., splinters, ete., shishna;
to gain f., p'lin; to lose f, shtisha.

fleshing chisel, luposhétkish; /
implement, neshkétkish.

flexible, uldéyatko.
flicker, v:

wliplpa.

flicker, a woodpecker, kiliwash; red-
shafted J., Colaptes auratus, tehé-ush.
| anarrow, hia’.
flight, guikaksh; ¢o put tof, ptie-
| dsha, puedshampéli; kpulf, tpult.
flint; f-rock, kokéle; ££ arrow-head
or spear-head, \. shawalsh, stap.
flit, v.i3; away, ntdsha, nt/dshna;
St. through the air, shuwalya.
float, v.i.; fi on the water, mpéti-
tchna, mpetludnsha, mpétehna; said
of aquatic birds, tchéwa; / down
stream, mpetlaléna, mpctitchna; /,
circle in the air, naggidsha.
float, s., on fish-line, takéléash.
flock, v. i; f together, shuktwlki,
tchilamna; f up, above, tchilamnn.
flock, s; to be in a f, wa, tchi-
lamna; above, on high, tchilamni ;
to gather in a f., shukt’lki, shu-
kiTkipéle.
flood, v. t. tilhua; tchiéga; v. ft.
andi., tilhua, tila.
floor of room, shlalaksh; of sweat-
lodge, tant; of winter-lodge, wa’sh.
flour, Kl. padla-ash, KI. and Mod.
shapéle ; to grind into, to reduce to
t., powder, lulina, shutéshla, ndika,
pé’ksha. Cf. grind, mash, v.
flow, v.i.; f. downwards, shniiutal-
tehna; tiundli; / down from, nde-
ukuéla, pl. or coll, wetkudla; /
continually, nttltchna ; to cease to f.,
palala.

i.; f about, as moths, |

flower, s., 1lé-usham, more frequent-
ly d. lel¢é-usham ; f° budding or just
opened out, shlapsh.

=

flat-iron—following. 565

flower, vy. i.; fo produce flowers,
shlapa; flowering, shlapshaltko.

flutter, v.i., vuya; néna, ninia;
J. around, \Wintchna, shnayéna,
kshékansha; f when on ground or
in the water, KI. néna, Mod. shne’-
dsha; f, when said of many birds,
insects, ete., gathered at a certain
spot, wa. Cf. flap, fly, v.

fly, v. i, generic, hintchna; f,
move about in one place, medium,
pl. of subj.: wa; f after, shuwalt-
ktcha; £ around, about, away, hin-
tchna; f, flutter around, kshékan-
sha, shnayéna; f. away, up, shitcha;
ft. to distant parts, shuwaltktcha,
euyantcha; f back or home, hun-
tchampéli, shitchatzepéle ; f, rush
down upon, hintakia; in a winding
Hight, kitcho'tki; to be flying, pro-
jectiles, yiidshna; f habitually, re-
peatedly, Winkanka; ff. high above
the ground, shuwalya; f. near the
ground, hulilya; ff on, upon, to-
wards, hunkaya; towards the one
speaking, huntchipka; f£ off into
distance, round bodies, ni’dshna ;
tf in aa straight line, hintehna; in
serpentine, winding lines, kakidsha;
Ff. skimming the waves, while half in
the water, hi’/nua; f skyward,
nuwalya.

fly, mank, dim. mankaga; /f-bug,
probably an Afeuchus - species of
beetle, shki’shkish.

foal, vot, hla-a.

foam of water, waves, ndod‘kalsh,
shékunksh.

|foam, v.i., shékunka.

fodder, as oats, ete, hashpkish.

foe, enemy, shishdkish.

fog, ltash; f-maker, -producer, \t-
malaks; gray as f., luashptchi; the
Ff. goes down, \iash It’lya, Itash
li'tyi; there is a f, lua; the fi is
thick, ka-A lia; to make f. at will,
limalya; to produce ground-f., te-
méla.

foggy; iis f, lua. é

fold, crease, pakalaksh, spagdlaksh;
fold, adj., in: threefold, nda‘nash
pikalaksh, ete.

fold up, v.t., spagalya

folklore, shashapkélé-ash; ex-
pounder of f., shashapkélé-ish.

folks, méklaks; pshe-utiwash.

follow, v.t.; f, march behind, ga-
shaiktchna; ff, be next in order,
tipelui; f. in a file, gdlampaga,
kinshakshna; f. close to, shidlamni;
SF, pursue, in the sense of drifting
after, lilamna; f and catch up with,
peno’dsha; f or hunt in pursuit,
gashaktchna; f. up, hunt, haitchna;
F. up, hunt, with a hostile intention,
ké-iha; ff up, hunt for expelling,
kptlaktcha, kptitcha; f up towards,
shtiidshipka; f up closely, shuli-
tinka; f pell-mell, génasha; f.
steadily, sht’kanka; f. through the
air, shuwaltktcha; ‘as follows,”
ke, na-asht, Mod. kie, né-asht.

follower, shawalinéash, Mod. shi-
tehlip.

following, adj., tapini; adv. tapf;
Jin time, tapini, adv. tapi; / after,

566

in space, ttipeluish; /, in the sense
of the next one, the other one, na‘dsh,
na’sh, ndyensh.
fond; to be f. of, shanad-uli, witchna;
of a person, stinta, witchta; fo bef.
of each other, hishtanta.
fontanel of children, wélwash.
food, pash; Chin. J.: mikamuk;
to gather f. for winter, pashla; to give
J, hashpa; to hand over, tender the f,
hashpa; to take f,, eat, pan, paé-ula.
fool, v.i.; f around, kaé-ika, kii’la.
fool, v. t, shnapémpema, Mod.
shnepémpema. Cf. deceive, v.
foolish, létalani, tehawikatko, Mod.
kéliak kéypash; to act in a f. man-
ner, ka-ika, kii’‘la.
foolishly, huna’shak; acting f,
ké-ikash.

foot, petch, dim. petchiga; both |

feet, lapok pe'tch; ff of deer, horse,
or ruminant, kiidshinksh, dim. ku-
dshi‘nkshka; provided with a f., pé-

tchaltko, dim. petehakaltko; ball of

the f., staklinsh; f-ball, shiktékan-
ksh; f-log, szt’'tchgush; f-step, f-
print, kueish; to hold the feet apart
and to move them quickly, putchkan-
ka; to hurt one’s f., kuatilya; to part
the feet, pitehka, hushpi'tya; to put
out the feet, sprika pe'teh, spika; to
step on one’s own f., Shuhadtchza; to
let a garment reach the feel, ankles,
wWhititua; to stand on one’s feet, ted-

wléza, tgélya, pl. of subj. luald’lya; |

to touch with the feet, pétchtna, pti-
tehta
foothill, katokfwash.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

footprint, kuefsh; to leave foot-

prints, k6é-ena.

‘footrace, shakatpampélégish; to
take part in af, shiina. Of. race,
s. and v.

for, m the interest of, is frequently
expressed synthetically by the ver-

bal suffix -fa, e. g. né-ulya, to give
orders; ne-ulzia, to give orders for,
in the interest of somebody. If
Jor stands for the dative case, it is
often expressed by the objective
case in -ash; f. oneself, -giangein;
J. myself, nutagiangei; f yourself,
itakianki, ete.

forbid, v. t., lewé-ula.

force, s., killitko, litchlitehli.

force, v.t, is generally expressed by
the causative affixes of verbs: e. g.
shnikshi/lya, ff to dance, to make
dance, from kshiti'lya, to dance; f. to
go, husht’ktgi; ff through, stt’n-
shna; f. out of house, ete., ktfuga;
J. out of for somebody, ktiugia; /
open, ktiugitila; ££ out of, inan. obj.,

shnupo’dsha; f liquids into, tilza.

forcibly, Wi, killank, kudta; do
tell f, killétana.

ford, s., kako’kish; wading f, pan-
koksh.

ford, v. t., a river, etc., while trav-
eling, kako’dsha; f. on foot, pankua;
J. on horseback, hashpankua; fon
a wagon, stilankua; fording place,
kako’kish. Cf. cross, v.

forearm, shulapshkish, K1. shilp-
shaksh; f. with hand, nép.

fore end of boat, canoe, piash

—-

fond—fragment.

foregoing, former, ma’ntchni,

tankni; the vowel -u- in the nom- |

inal suffix -uish also points to the
past. Cf tyé-u.
forehead, laki.

foreign, wennini, atikni; to become

J, wennfala.
foreigner, atikni, wennikni, wen-

nimi.
foreleg, lupitni pé’tch.
forenoon; é is f, shApash a tinie’-
kska.
forest of timber, anku; f. with
bushes, underbrush, gatchétko.
foretell, v.t.; f. a violent death,
tya'tya.

foretooth, tatzélimni ttt, sho- |

kétantko tut.
forever, tehtshak; adj. used ad-
verbially: tehtshni, tehishniak:
fore warn, v.t., lewé-ula.
forget, v.t, yamtki

fork, s.; large or pitch-f, kiuyiazis-_
tkish; table-f,, sdkta, shkfuyitteh;

to lift up with a f., kiutka.

form, v.t., to give shape, shiita; f |

a circle around, hashampka; when
moving, gaki'ma; f. circles, rings in

. i}
the water, tcheléwa; f a company,

society, crowd, bevy, shukt’lki; f
confluence, shutandinka; f. a cross,
shuelita, shenédk’la; f. a body, sheet
of water, tchiwa; formed in this
mode, alike, gémptchi, htimtchi.
formation; slatyor schistous rock-f.,
lal4wash; eruptive f,, tehéltchlish.
former; f. village, lodge, encamp-
ment, techiwish; f generation, tankni

567

or ma‘ntchni maklaks; f location of
a lodge, shloképash. Cf. ancestral,
early, foregoing, past.
formerly, tank, tanktak.
fornicator, sheshtélkish, shishnish.
Fort Klamath, nom. loc.; [-ukak.
fortify; f oneself by exercise, shpdtu.
fortuitously, huna’shak.
fortunate; i-dtklish, tidsh
yantko.

tin-

forty, viinepni té-unep.

four, vinep, viinepni; f/ times, vii-
nepni; f.-cornered, f.-edged, kinku-
tko.

fourteen, te-unepdnta viinep, add-
ing: pé-ula, liklatko, ete.

fourth; one f part, vunipa shékta-
tyatko ; fi finger, cf. finger.

fowl, in the sense of bird, tehikass;
term for most water-fowls, mii miikli.

fox; red f, silver f., Urocyon cine-

reo-argenteus, wan; other names:

hethei, kenkatilatuash, kenka-
pshla‘li, mbaubaiwash; young of red
J, wanaka, wanam wéash; young
male f., lakiag wan; little gray f,
species of Uvrocyon: kétchkateh ;
slim-built f, Vulpes velox, wishpa-
laksh; f-hound, mt/ménish wawa-
kash gitko watchiga.

fracture, v.t., kéwa, pl. ngtildsha,
ngv’mshka; f one’s own Umbs,
tchéwa; to remove through fractur-
ing, ngd-ishka; to be fractured, hol-
low things, paka; fractured, pi-
katko, kéwatko. Cf. break, v.

fragment; broken f, as of pottery,
mbakuish,

568 ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

frail, adj., tche-ini.
frame; solid wooden f of lodges, stu-
tilash; ££ of sweat-lodges, ete., |shi’-

klak; to make one, Ishiklakuiga; |

fo)

shed, lodge, house existing as a f.
only, just begun, Itchiklakuitko.
Frank, nom. pr., Plenk; Frank
Riddle, nom. pr., Tehmitch, Ska-
kAwash, q. v.

free, said of animals : untamed, wild,
fwash, komishni; f of spots, tsuk-

tstikli; fo set f, spinka, spunkdém- |

peli; tashka, telina.
freeze, v.i., wén; frozen, wétko;

to be frozen, Cwa; to have nose, ears

Jrozen, katka; hands, feet, ndé-itia.

freight, v.t, fta; f a boat, canoe, |

vi’nshtat ilapka; £ transversely,
long obj., hekshatléka, pl. etle’zi.
Frenehman, nom. pr, Pashiyuks.

fresh, té-ini; green, ntchalkni; ¢o |

be f, ntchalka.

friable, tche-ini; tobe or become f, |

lelii’ma.

friction, v. t.; f against each other,
shatehaktchaka; f£ oneself, shatala-
ka. Cf. rub, v.

Friday, tunépni waita stindé-gtu-
lank, or tunépni wiilta.

friend, shawalinéash, Mod. shf-
tehlip; fo be friends, shawalinii’a,
tchilla; to be or become friends, shi-
tchlala, Mod. shitchla. Cf. compan-
ion, Company.

friendship; to form f, shitchla,
shitchlila; to be on terms of f,
tehilla, Cf. companion, company.

fright, s.; from f, vishuk; to take

Ff, visha, shinamshta; fo tremble
Strom f,, liuliwa

frighten, v.t, hushpdtehta, ht’-
shtya; sptitchta, shnuldka; to be
Srightened, visha, shinamshta, tu-
ka; tehimptki, Mod. tehamptakia;
Frightened, vishish. Cf. afraid.

fringe, or set of fringes, while not
yet on garment, ptish; while on
garment, puitlintchish, pukéwish;
having fringes on, puitlantchdantko;
to cut into fringes, pti; to adorn
with fringes, piu.

fringed, puitko, puitlantchantko.

frog; greens, wekétash; larger kinds
of frogs, as bullfrog, kée; treeJ,
yainati wekctash; horned f, nai-
shlashlikeish=gitko; f-like, k6é-
eptchi.

‘frolicker, shéshtalkash; lekdn-

kish: company of frolickers, shesh-
| eild-ash.

to inan. objects, is often expressed
by the locative case in -tat; / here,
hi'tksh; to hand over f. below, yéna.

front; m/f of, ginatant, ldpia, lupt-
tana; to stand in f. of a group, ta-
mdadsha, lamadsha; to proceed in /.
jfile, t-itehna; f. tooth, tatzélamni
tit, shokétantko tut.

|frost, katags.

frosty, said of weather, katags; 2

| is f. weather, wind, ska.

froth, s, of water, ndo‘kalsh, shé-

_ kunksh; to develop f, shdkunka.

frown, v. i, shétatza; frowning,
kowitiwatko.

from, prep.; away f, when referring

frail—gamble. 569

fruit; round f, also small f,, berry,
lutish; rounded f: growing on sur-
face of soil, Ibtika; large turnip- or
bulb-shaped f., mti=lbika; f. of long
shape, O'tish; what produces f., wa-
ish; to gather f., sta-ila; to start out
Jor gathering f., stii-fldsha; to pick f:
Srom bushes, trees, and eat it, letiya,
ltakaya; hard-shell f£., ndshé’dsh.

fry, v.t., shnitchiya, shnitchkua; fry-
ing pan, \épuinsh, Mod. lipash.

full, stani; to be f, sta; of a liquid,
éwa, tehipka, tchiwa; to make f,
stagi; f of willows, yashaltko.

fully, adv., st4; in the sense of en-
tirely, much, ka-d, mu, tim.

fun, léshuatyash; f.-maker, ka-ikash,
sheshzeila-ash; to make f. of, luatya,
shuluakta, tilzea; to continue mak-
ing J. of, shuludkteha.

funeral, isha; to attend, have a f,
iflktcha, fsha, ishnila.

funny fellow, shéshtalkash.

fur, ni/l; f-skin, ni‘l; covered with f,
ni laltko, nil eitko; f-skin mat, f.
dress, kailiu; f-skin mantle, kailiu-
lam skiitash.

furious, kilosh, shawigatko; to be
or become f., kilua, shawiga. Cf.
angry.

furniture of house, timi nanuktua
ginhiéna, tidshi techawalkish gin-
hiéna.

furrow,asf made by the plow, sputi-
dshanuish, sputttyuish, shutédsha-
nuish.

furrowed, wrinkled, kmapat’hic-

Cf. wrinkled.

further: £ than, prep., gunigshtant,
eunitana, iwutit; a little f. on, adv.,
wiga-ak, wika; not f than that, e&é-
tak; what is f. down, yantani. Cf.
farther, nether.

future; in the f, as to the f, nétnak;
in af. time, tankt gatpanuapkshe’-

natko.

mi.

Gs

gag, v.t., takua.
1 va a i Qe

gain, v.t.; g., to profit, shita; g. by
winning at play, gambling, fkaga;
g. again, once more, ikakpéle; ¢.,
win from each other, shi-izaga.

gain, s. ikaks; to make a y., gains,
fkaiga.

gale, killitko shléwish; shléwish;
it blows a q., killan shléwi.

gall, béle, pish.

gallant, killitko.

gallop, v. i. hushdtehna, shnii’-
uldsha, waksha; g. towards, up to,
hushidsha. Cf. shlaihuya.
allows, kshaggayétkish.

ain ble,.v.i, to play for valuables,
shakla; g. habitually, shikalsha ; to
commence gambling, shakaliéga ; to

ge 09

go to the gambling-place, shuédshna;
to g. habitually when on a journey,
shuedshantimna; to win by gam-
bling, tkaga.

570

Oo
5
oO
on}

oo
te}

oO
oD

Ohe)

rPAMe, S.,

rambler, professional, shaklétkish.

ume, s. of any description, shé-
kalsh; g. of dropping beaver’s or
woodchuck’s teeth, sk(i’shash; to play
it, skti’sha; g.-stake, héshktish; g.-
sticks, g.-utensils, shaklétkish; gam-
ing sticks used in the spélshna-
game,shilshésh; to play a g.,shakla,
ef. play, v.; to play a ball-g., \éwa;
to play the Indian guessing-g. with
four game-sticks, sp¢élshna, shul-
shéshla; to start the g., shakaliéga;
to be on a gaming tour, shuédshna.
animal hunted; either
specified by its name, or expressed
by lilhanksh, if a quadruped; g.-
bag, shultflash.

amester, shakldétkish.

stu, dim. studga; to

Be

angway,
make a g., stirya.

gap; to havea g.ina limb, hanuipka.

Cf. aperture, notch.

rarb, shuldétish; female g., kiks.
e arden and g.-bed, hashuash, Mod.

hashudkish.

warlic; species of wild g., Allium,

pnt.

earment, shuldtish; tehtilish, dim,

tehulidga ; sleeveless g., sktittash.

garter, sha-updlaksh; g.-snake, a

species of Hutania, wishink, dim.
wishinkdéga.

D>

rash, v. t., laggdltelna; g. oneself,

one’s skin, shélakla, shélyalua.

rash, s. ktakalitko; to make gashes,

lage dltchna.

e

rate, entrance of corral, ete., kat-

shtish; wiéklakam kaishtish; gate-

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

way, stékish, Mod. stékish; to pass
a q., stilankansha.

gather, v. t, shit’lka; coll. ft-

kal; g. again, shit'lkipéli; g. to a
certain spot, shitdki, shit’Ikipéli;
g. for oneself, shitlagia, Mod. shit-
lagien; g. articles into a bunch, and:
g. articles of the same nature,
shtchi’pka; g. fruits, vegetables,
tshka; g. berries, fruits, lgtiya, Ita-
kaya, pl. of subj. std-ila; g. berries
annually, i-umala; g. edible roots,
bulbs, méya, pl. of subj. sté-ila,
stigi; g. pond-lily seed. annually,
habitually, wékashla,
g. up by chance, ndakal, pl. itkal ;
g. ones hair mto a braid, plait,
shukat’néla; to make a pause in
gathering fruits, roots, shnikanua;
many successive pauses, shnikanu-
‘inka; to start for gathering fruits,
roots, pl. of subj. stii-fldsha. Cf.
collect, v.

woksalsha ;

gather, v.i, shukd’Ilki; g. around,

or in a file, row, crowd, ring, liuki-
dmna; g. behind, liuptcha; g in a
circle, lfulza, littatka; g. in a hid-
den spot, ambush, liwala; g. indoors,
inside, liuyuga; y. near the water,
on the beach, liunliga; g. outside,
outdoors, liutita; g. under, under-
neath, below, liutila; g. up, shu-
kiki; g. up again, shukii’lkipéli ;

g. up into one body, crowd, file, heap,

Ifwa, liwala, liukidmna; g. 2 woods,
cliffs, liukiya; to stand gathered on
the top of, liwala; to be gathered in
a body, heap, \iupka.

;

ko

gambler—give. 571

gathering, shukd'lkish; g-place,
shit’ Tach shuliTkish.

|
gauger; load-g., shlayaksam wet-

kok6tkish, or simply wetkokétkish.
general, nanukashni, tutasyénini.
generate, v.t. waishi.
generous, tidshi steinash, tidshi,

Mod. tidsh kozpatko; welwél’hi
generously, tidsh.

gentle, and adv., gently, when
referring to motions performed
slowly, ké-uni; adv., ké-uni, ké-
una.

German, nom. pr., D6’tehmal; his
Mod. sobriquet: muni tchiléks
gitko.

gesticulate, v.i. kii'la.

gesture, s.; one who makes ges-
tures, kii’kVkish; to make the g. of
cutting one’s throat, shelaktchia; of
washing one’s face, shatashpapkia.

get, v.t. obtain, seize, shnuka; g.
again, g. back, shnt’kpéli; g. hold
of, shnika, shnikua; g. back, as
garments, ete., hashlintchuipéle.

get, v.35 g. away, run off, gtikaka;
g. away from, gayatedla; kédsha,
et/shka; g. up, start, hitkala, du.
tushtkala, pl. tintkala; g. up again,
hitkalpéli; g. up from bed, patkal,
patkalpéli; g up precipitately, hit-
kalshna; g.through, wind up, tména.

gibbosity, kilzish.

giddiness, la’mlemsh; fo be in a
state of g., lama, lemléma.

giddy; to be g., lama, lemléma

gift, shewdnish; fo present with ag,
shawalza; with many gifts, shewana.

gg 0g ag

ig, v.t.; g. fish in the water, stika,

stikua, kiii’m stuikua; g. two or more

fish simultaneously, shakpatmaéwa ;

cf. spear, v.

ig, s.; fish-g., ki’sh, shtchakuash.

iggle, v.i., wéta; luafya.

rill, of Ash, szaye, Mod. tchkaye;

mpito.

eillflirt mare, kudkuaksh.

imlet, tuekédtkish.

ird, v.t.; g. oneself, kali; g. with

the saddle-girth, shuftala.

girl, shiwiga; old maid, shiwamtch;
little g., nisyaga, shnawédshka;
w¢éka; baby-g., shnawédshka.

girth of saddle, shiitalsh.

give, v.t. When objects are given,

given away, or handed over col-

lectively or in plural number, the

generic term is shewana. G., hand

10

dg Oh

over, one thin obj., néya; g. one
anim. obj., spt’/ni, pl. shewana;
g. in a basket, skaya; g. in a cap,
bucket, shui, pl.shewana ; g. liquids,
tehiya; g. long obj., tia, pl. yana,
yani, shewana; long obj., carried
on arms, kshtitya, pl. shewdna;
round obj., ltya, pl. péwi, shewa-
na; cooked provisions, tchiléya;
mantles, sheets, &e., shlaltpa; 9.
them back, return, shlatpampéli,
shlé-ipéle; g. one’s assent to, humasht
oi, nd-asht gi, shewé-ula; g. an an-
swer, vilya; kédsha; g. away, spend,
ptiedsha, kédsha ; iterat , kékanka ;
g. to drink, hushpanua; g. to eat, ha-
shpa; g. away .a gift previously re-
ceived Wy oneself, 6-itehna; g. @

5

72
name, shéshash ¢lya, abbr. élya;
shésha, ii’-alya; g. oneself up to,
hukshi; g. owt after exertion, teélza,
pl lueludlya, Mod. luald/lya; g.
through another, nfiukla; g. up,
abandon, pttedsha, vutédsha; ké-

dsha; to cause to g. away, shinukla; |

_ to continue to g., shewantamna.

gizzard, nkash; shufdshash.

glad, ko-ishéwank; to be g. of, ko-
ishéwa, kuy¢éwa.

glance off, v.i., shniulatechganka. |
are, of sunrays, ktchdlyish; to.

o |
D>
cast ag., ktchdlhua. Cf. radiance.

glass; g.substance, lam-punti tkishti;

g.-bead, yahi; drinking g., wikamua, |
lam-punti'tkishti ; eye-g., shesha- |
Ikdsh; looking-g., shétaluash; pane |

of g., shétaluash.
I

glee-song, shui’sh; to celebrate by

glee-songs and dances, yéka.
elide, v. i., downwards into dis-
tance, ntlidsha, villi; g. through the
ai, shuwalya, hiintehna; g. through
the water, kidsha, teheléwa. Cf.
roll, v.

glitter, v.i., tehdltchela.

Cf. ball.
rlobiform, globular, kélkali.
glory, ktchalshkash.
glove
elow-worm, kalmémoksh.

, népesh.

glutinous substance, wilakish; of
the eye, walash; to be g., ntchakta. |

dsha; kékanka.

rnat, kt’tpash.

lobe, globiform body, ball, \éwash.

gnash, v.i, with the teeth, shekuké- |

or

too)

oe
f=)

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

naw, v.t., y through, kata, ngita,
kwildsha.
0, Vv. 1.3 generic term for all modes
géna; to be gone, cf. gone,
partic.; go across, go over to, kako’-
dsha; go after or for an obj., tktcha;
dtpa, pl. itpa; go about, around, ga-
kidmna, gatiml’za; with a spark of
Sire, skli'tchkanka; go around, stroll
about, gintala; in the camp, settle-
ment, ete., galala, kishtélantcha; go
as for attacking,
kidmna; go around, a round obj.,

of going,

around, etc., ga-

shalkakidmna; anim. subj., huge-

dsha; inan. subj., agei’ma; go
around, as a. a lake, géluanteha;
go a, encompass, inan, subj., stiim-
kiimna; go a. slowly or with diffi-
culty, shémtcha; go a. shooting, hish-
litchna; go a. speaking or crying in
public, amniamna; go away, géna;
traveling, timénu; go away, leave,
gulindsa; yo away, be removed, subj.
inan , niwalka; go before somebody,
gaydya, gayd-idsha; go behind
somebody, kaptcha; go, walk in a
gakdla; when inside

5

circle, eaki'ma,
of lodge, ete , luyéna; outside of, ga-
titana; go to a great distance, guy-
dntcha; go down, downhill, down
stairs, ga-uldla, ecékuéla; go down,
as celestial bodies, tinega, tinkud-
la, tindla, tino’li; as fog, li’lya; as
projectiles, ytia, yilka; go down in-
to, gulindsa; gulf, pl. of subj., kilhi;
into the ground, gutila; tobe onthe way
of going down, said of celestial bod-
les, tinoléna; go in a file, kintchna;

i
]

gizzard—good. 573

go in front of, as scouts, etc., gayaya, |
gaya-idsha ; go home or back, gém-_
péle, gépgapéle, shegapéle; when in
afile, kintchampéle; go about inside |
of, goyéna; go into, enter, gulf, gu-_
hii, pl. of subj., kilhi, gitkta; said
of animals returning to their dens,
gulipéli, pl. kilibli; go or cravl in-
to, guicéktcha; go into, as a bullet, |
eti'talya; go into the water, liwa,

pl. géwa, gé-upka, tinua; act of
going into the water, tinuash; go
into again, gulipéli, pl. kilhipéli; go
and meet as friends, or in the dis-
tance, away from home, gelidank-
tcha; go near, approach close to,
gakiamna; go out, start off, gf-udsh-
na, guikaka; go out, said of fire,
pitchka, spitchka, Mod. pitcha,
spitcha; go out of, gitlya; out of
one’s lodge, géka, gékansha, @¢é-
kanshna; out of the place habit-

ually oceupied, géka; again, g¢- |

kampéli; go out of again, gctkala;
go out from, inan., gilyi; again from,
gékampéli; go and ride, hushitsa;
go on the outside, to the surface of,
et'ta; go single file, kintehna, kinuf-
na; go slow, to pace, kfshtchna; go
snake-like, in meandering lines, ka-
kidsha; go straight, gintlanshna, ta-
laak géna; go, walk at the time be-

ing, or all the time, gentita; go |

through, wind up, tména; go to a

place, gémpka ; go together, in com-_
pany, sha-ulanka, sha-ulankanka,

sha-ulantcha; go towards, gatpa; to-
wards the water, lake, ete., tikua;

go under something, as for shelter,
gutila; go uninterruptedly, genina;
go up, upwards, to ascend, ga-tla,
gawalia’ga, niwdlka; ltiyeka, pl.
tiniyi; said of round subj., as spi-
ders, liyamna; go up in a file or
otherwise, pl. kinualya; go up while
- sticking close to something, ageid-
sha; go or drift upward, as tog,
luyéga; go up toward, tinshipka ; go
imo woods, bushes, hiding places,
hukaya, pl. gakaya, tingdya, gak-
tehui.

goatee, smok; wearing a gy, shmé-
kaltko.

goblet, pokuaga, wikamua.

God of Christian religion: y'latkni
laki, p’laitalkni, p’laitéikni shu-
shatish; nalam p’ti’shap, Mod. na-

7

lam t’shishap.

gold; metallic, kiikiildi tehikémen;
coined, kiikiv’kli tala, kakii’kli teht-
kémen.

golden eagle, p’laiwash.

gone, partic. of go, v. i., q. v.; tobe
g., genuila, gend'la, kii’ei; to be ¢.,
lost, stolen, laki; one who is g., ab-
sent, née; ef. kéliak; gone! blown
off! wiwiwa! begone! ktitak!

gonorrhoea, klap, klap-mashash;
afflicted with g., guyaszatko, klap-
mashetko.

good, in the concrete and in the
abstract sense, tidshi; very g., mt
tidshi; g. for nothing, said of per-
sons, kaitua shayuaksh; that’s g.!
Inimasht tidsh! himasht téks tfdsh!

ie}

to have gy. intentions, tidsh hishkan-

O74

ka; of g. character, tidshi stein-
ash, tidsh stefnshaltko.

eoose; all wild ducks and geese,
mii’ miikli; species of black g., nkt’k;
another sp., dusky-colored, lish;
Canada g. or brant, Anser canaden-
sis, lalak; snow-g., Anser. hyperbo-
reus, waitwash.

gooseberry, kpo'k; black g., liilu-
ish; species of g., ptikpok; g.-bush,
kpékam (supply: anku); wild g.
bush, Wiiluisham.

Goose Lake,
pkshi.

nom. pr. Néwa-
gopher, népéli, shtoshtétish; go-
7 ) he

pher's den, sttish.
eorge, in mountains, gintzish; deep
g., paksh.
eovernment, netndlzish.
governor, muni laki, contr. mt-
Cf. chief.

gown, kiks; short g. from waist to

i

laki, or simply laki.

knees, worn by females, shtchi’-
waksh; to wear, to be dressed in a
gy. kéka, kt’ kpéli.

rrab, v. t., shnika, shnikua.

fe)

erain, of cereals, lblomak, hit; g.
of Indian corn, maize, tshalk; g.
reduced to flour, lulinash; g. of beads, |

yahi, yamnash.

grandchild; said by maternal
erandfather, p’gdship; said by ma-
ternal grandmother, p’kulip; said
by paternal grandfather, p’ligship ;
said by paternal grandmother, p’té-
wip; great g., said by great grand-
parents, wawigap.

grandfather; said by children of |

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

his daughter, p’gdship; said by
children of his son, p’ligship ;
great g., wawigsh.

grandmother; said by the chil-
dren of her daughter, p’ktlip; said
by the children of her son, p’téwip;
great g., said by grandchildren,
wawigsh.

grape; growing inthe same g., shan-
tchakténtko; to be, exist together
in grapes, bunches, tchipka, liwa;
Oregon g., wel@li. Cf. bunch.

erasp, v.t., obtain, shnika, shnukua;
on purpose, shnikpa; g., seize,
long obj., Wyamna, pl. t-amna; g.
with the extremities, tchilika, contr.
tehlika;
shnya; to approach for grasping,
shnukatka.

g. each other, shiamna, hit-

erass; generic, kshi’n; g. stalk, blade,
kshi’n, tehélash; dry g., sced-g.,
ksha’/n; green q., vutyankish; round
bunch of g., mu-lbi‘ka; tuft of g.,
patchnam; g.-like, kshi'nptehi; pro-
ducing g., grassy, kshunaltko; to
mow g., mulina, Mod. mti’shkas
Different species of g.: lacustrine:
tsikal, witchpai, patchnam, kshuti,
ktcheii’mu, wassuass, watsaks; of
a stiff scirpus, watéskuam; of a
juncus, shmayam, ma-i; g. species
erowing in dry places, prairies:
nitak, lo‘Iksam, cpat, yadsam,
ts’k, wadshikuisham, mtkuash ;
g. species used in making mats:
ma-i, pii’ni, tkap, télyash.

grasshopper, tahtdi-ash, Mod.
kamtdta.

~goose—ground. 575

Grass Lake, or Dry Lake, nom.
pr. loc., Pahdtko E-ush; at G. L.,
Mod. Pahdpkash [-ush gfshi.

grassy, producing grass, kshundal-
tko.

rate, v. i, with the teeth, shekukeé- |

dsha, kékanka.

gratuitously, huna’shak.

rave, @m the ground, ilkshgish,

abbr. iTktch; to convey to the g., isha,
ishnila, ilktcha; to dig a g., iIksh- |
gishla; ilkshgish ydépa; g-yard, |

pnankish; tribal or family g.-yard,
tchpinu. Cf. bury, v.; funeral. |
gray, plikpi’kli; said of horses,

stones, skédshatko, — sptigatko ;
earth-colored, \xiiilaptchi ; g.sprin- |
kled with blue, as in water-birds, |
mikmikli; g. as fog, liashptchi;
little g. fox, species ot Urocyon, kétch-
katch; ofg. and grayish color, kitch- |
kitchli; called so after that fox. |

graze, vy. t. nti’kshktcha; g. the |
skin, le’ ktchktsa.

eraze, v.1., to eat grass, pawa.

grease, plu; p’litko; g. of game,
venison, piltpantko: g. in the flank
of animals, tchashlaksh, Mod. kshu-

|
|
: a é |
kshi¢yash; wagon-g , wii’gnam itish. |

great, in the physical and abstract |

~

sense, mtini; very g., miu-t-tni ; a
g. deal, ady. mt, ka-4, tim; when |
used as adj., ttmi. Cf. large.
reatly, ka-a, apoc. ké; mi, tum. |
rebe, Podiceps; species (?); the
birds called kékiaks and kuitehia

Arm

43

OS

are probably grebes.
reen, kika‘khi; ligkt-g., tulaliptchi; |

fe)

is }e}

g., Fresh, ntchailkni; to be g, fresh,
ntchalka.
grezil- stones fall, tchaitchaya.
grimace, v.i., nidshonfdshua; 4.
at, shnashnatia; grimacing, kowiti-
witko.
grind, v.t. as knives on a grind-
stone, léktcha; g. to a sharp point,
watchaka; g. by means of a mortar
or crushing stone, gama, ndshapka;
g., make fine, lulina; witha piece of
wood, ndika; g. into flour or upon
a mealing-stone, péksha; to stop
grinding, pekshéla; g. into flour,
shutéshla; ground seed, especially
pond-lily seed, lulinash. Cf mash.
grindstone, turning, lektchd-
tkish. Cf. hone, s.
grist-mill, gdma-palé-ash.
grizzly bear, lt’k; cub of g. b.,
likaga, in myths: shashdpka; “Old
Grizely,” the mythic female g. b.
Likamtch, Shdshapsh, Shdshap-
amtch.
rroan, v. 1. shaydla, kéhaha.
round, kitla; on, upon the g.,
“upon this or that g., ii, hi’, 1; 9.,
bottom of water, etc., lémtina; level
dry g., kna‘t, Mod. kla’dsh; g. fenced
in, iligish, wikalak; g. used for
sowing, planting, hashudkish, kiiila
shiitesh, né-ush; Mod. hashuash;
grassy, treeless g., saiga, dim. saiké-

oS

ga; marshy g., hiuhiush; tchyashe-
tko; to sink to the g. in water,
tchla'lya; to lie flat on the g., wimp-
ka; face upward, talualya; lying on
or in the g., 1é'ntko.

576 ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY,

ten]
la
mola.

eroundless, growndlessly, huna’-
shak.

rround-snake, yellow, Pityophis,

>

kiiilanti.
rround-squirrel; ef squirrel.
rouse; Oregon ruffed g., Bonasa
vorsabinci, tmt’, Mod. mhit; sharp-

SS

tailed g., cf. popusha.

grow, v.13; g. up, plants only, ké-
dsha; g., animals and persons, t’shin;
g. in abundance, tim kédsha; g. in
clusters, ltwa; g. smaller than, said
of plants only, aityimna; g. old,
persons, t’shi’ka; grown-up person,
adult, mini; growing together in a
bunch, shantehaktantko. |

voice, shilézya; g. loudly, shuldlya;
y., scold, shuke'ki; g., dogs only,

kmt'gea.
grunt, v.i, hli’ka; hogs: tt’shna-

kinya; to keep on grunting, hiihii’'ta-
mna; g., especially when express-
ing dissent, sh’t’mka.

ground-fog; to produce g. f., te- |

. |
rrowl, v.i, grumble, roar at a low

guard; to be on one’s g., sassiga.

guard-house, spuli/ksh; for more
than one person, iligish; skttkum-
house. Cf. confine, jail.

| . . . .

guardian, shuashulalidmpkish; of
jail, prison, t-alhish.

gudgeon, or mud-g., kidsha; dim.
ktidsha-aga; ¢o catch g., ktidshala;
species of g. ndilash.

PAO SiS. Wale, Abu.

@uest, inthe sense of friend, shiteh-
lip, Mod.

gulch, dry river bed, kupktpéle;
Mod, uka.

gullet of quadrupeds, natiknauk-
saksh, shlakakash.

gully, kuytimash.

gulp down, v.t., skétka.

gum; pime-g., lalago. Cf resin.

gun and shot-g., liloksgish; to load a
g., tkuga, iwiza.

gunpowder, shlayaks.

gut, kaya. Cf. bowel.

@yrate, v. i, ktiwalkidsha, talkf-
dsha. Cf. cirele, v.

—

desl

habit; is the h. of, gélya. Cf. ac- |

customed to, habitual; habitually.

habitual; expressed often by the |

fixes -inka, -kinka; if motion is
implied, sometimes by -alsha, -al-
tcha.

d. form of a nomen actoris: h. eater | hail, kldlash; hailstone, sti’kish,

af, papish; h. worker, maker of, shi-
shatish; 2 is h. with, @élya.

klalash; hailstorm, stt’kish.
hail, v. impers. ; it is hailing, klala.

habitually is expressed, when in| hair; long h., and h. of head, mane,

connection with verbs, by the suf-

| tail, lak; short h. on body, also wool,

ground-fog—hand.

Jur, n1'1; thinnest human h. on head, |

mtkash; h. of beard, and long h. on
feline’s mouth, sm0’k; h. under arm-
pits, kii’katilsh; h. on genitals, sma’k,
patchnam ; white h., o'lash; having
white or gray h., 5 \shaltko; having
curly, bushy h., tchitaksh, cf. curly;
covered with short h. on body, nil-
altko; one whose h. rises up stiff,
h.-brush,

sankawaltko; shukdish-

gitkish; h.-net, tchafzish; tying up |
the h. and putting something long in |

it, kathidwash; to cut short, clip one’s
h., shuyéga, stuyakishka.

half, tatzélamni, tatzélAmpani, Mod.
tydlamni, tyAlampani; one -h. af, h.
portion of, tatyélampani; forming one
h., tyalampankani, KI. tatyélampan-
kani; h.-parted, na-igshtani, Mod.
ndgshtani, abbr. na’gsta; person h.
American, h. Indian, Boshtinaga; to
be h. in, h. out, winka.

halfways, adj. used adverbially,
tatzélampani, Mod.tzdlampani. Cf.
middle, midst.

haliotis-shell, ktchak, laktash

halloo, v.t., hia’ma, nkéna; h. and
h. at somebody to come, ndéna; h.
at somebody distant, hamékupka,
hamédasha; h. through the hollow
hand, stt’ka; h. to somebody re-
peatedly, nkénkanka; h., be noisy,
tchiluyéza.

, A , |
halloo! haggi! hagga ta! when

standing for: look here! hé-i!
hallueination; to labor wnder h.,
tilo’tkala.
sun-h., shakatchalish, séla;
37

halo;

O77

wan, wandka; colored sun-h., shap-
’sham wanam shakatchalish; to be
surrounded by a moon-h., shaltkala.
halt, v.i, h. on one’s way, tikélya;
h., to make ah., tehia; h. after run-
ning, tgélya; h. at intervals, at times,
tiklaktchna; h., to be lame, to limp,
| kudnka. Cf. lame.
halter of horse, shtchikpaksh.
hammer, upatndétkish; h. of gun,
shliulélash; to cock the h., shléwala;
to drop the h., shliulila.
hand, nép, dim nepdga; back of h.,
nép; flat portion, palm of h., takak,.
népam takak; by h., im one’s h., with
the h., ha, or h- infixed; on or about
the h., hands, népni; not on h., adv.,
hu, -u; line in h., shéktanksh; h. of
a clock- or watch-dial, aggédsha ;
hands off! ké-iithtin ktni tashtan-
ta! kuitak! to beckon with the h., ef.
beckon; to capture, catch by h., hok-
saska; to carry in h., sho’dshna,
sténa; to clap the hands, shaktaktya;
| to close, clinch the h., shlapshta; to
contract the half-opened h. or fingers,
shatchd'lgi; to extend one’s h., arm,
nika, nikudlka; to hold in h., long
obj., tyamna, pl. i-amna; shémtcha,
shémtchna; round obj., liyamna, pl.
pé-ukanka; to hold up with one’s h.,
Rhiuléza; to make signs with the h.,
nikanka nép; to move the h. sidewise,
klatcha, klatchna, to shake hands,
hishnya, shdtashi; nép shnika; to
touch each other with the h., hands,
| shashtashta; to wash one’s hands,
shatchakua; to work by h., wiklka.

and over, v. t., h. over to, pass to,
shila, shulfpka, shulia; shewana; h.
over toall around, hushliamna; h.over
in return, sheets, ete., shlé-ipéle; h.
over from below, yana. Cf. give, v.
andkerchief, kitchkam; hand-
kertchip.
andle, v.t., gishala; h., deal with,
né-ulakta; h., to stir up, katchiga;
h. roughly, \ali; h. roughly more than
once, lulikanka.
handle of trunk, tools, ete., shndk-
gish; when inserted, joined, tulfsh;
to seize, pull by the h., as a door-
bell, utcha-ika.
handsome, tidshi; said of per-
sons, tidshi, afshishtehi.
handsomely, tidsh.

l

i=

Ls

hang, v.t.; 4. somebody, kshagga-
ya, pl iggaya; h. up, suspend, nag-
gaya; shlakaya, laggdya; long obj.,
ageaya, pLiggaya; h.overat the time
being, lévita; h. over, above some-

thing, hishuggaya, shakatchuala;

h. oneself, hakshgaya; h. on while |
going, agega-idsha, laged-idsha ;

h. out obliquely, kiukiya; h. around
oneself, as neckwear, f-amna; h. up,
as a sack of food or provisions
upon a tree, aggaya, pl. iggdya.
hang

D3)

v.i.; h. down from, h. to, lag-

gaya, nageaya, shlakdya, shlaka-

ka; aggaya, pl. iggaya; h.downfrom,
h. over something, tunultila; h. down
Jrom the mouth, lyetknila; h. on, be
attached to for a time, tguta, pl

hatehet, tehiktchikash

lévita, d. Vuluita; h. on or out of,

shuggiya. Cf. hang, v. t.

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

—
—

appen, v.i., né’pka.

ard, adj., and fo be h., kuata; hard-
ened, kuatatko, cf. hiipka; too h. for
use, ktidshi; to become h., hardened,
kaltki.

ard, adv.; to blow h., as winds,
ska shléwi; to work h., kil pélpela.
hare-lip person, skétigsh-shim.
harlot, sheshtdlkish.

h
]
h
h
|

—
=)

h

arness, lyelzatanash; pukéwish.
arpoon, fish-h., ki’sh, shtchakuash.
v. t., stikua, stti/ka

=)

arpoon,
arsh, killitko.

aste; to make h., kila; in h., is ex-

a

pressed by the verbs of running:
huika, htikansha, hukéya, hidshna,
ete., or by kil, killank, nkillan; to
be inah., Kika; to approach in h.,
hulladshui; to re-enter in h., hulipéli.

hat, tehttyesh; large basket-shaped h.
in Shasti style, tchdla; sort of h. or
cap, pt’kalsh; skdlapsh; possessed
of ah., tehuyeshaltko, K1.; wearing
ah, Kl and Mod., tehuyétko,
Mod. tehuyeshaltko; h.-ornament,
patash; guard-string of h., tehuyé-
sham stilash; to take one’s h. off,
shanatehvila.

hatch, v.t, hashpapka; h. out, ha-
shpapzno’la.

Cis ats

hate, v. t., mi‘tchka, snfuztcha,
shnékakia; expressed negatively:
ka-i stinta.

hateful, tchektehékli.

bad, mean.

Cf. abject,

haughty; to beh, shipnd. Cf air.
haul, v. t.; h. in, fetch, iktcha, klu-

hamid ove t— hie alithi. 579

kalgi; 2. round or bulky obj., Iép-
ka; thread- or sheet-like, né’pka ;
garments, ete., shlépka; h. back,
shlepkipéle; h., liquids, tehiktcha;
h., take home, as provisions, hi’ wi;
h. to one’s camp at a distance, hiwt-
dsha; h. down, as a flag, spitchotki-
peli; h. up from, ika, tkampéli.

t.; to possess, cf. gi (4);
having, possessing, gitko, or suffix
-Itko, ete.; h. an open wound or

have, v.

sore, hanuipka; to go and h. a dance,
ksfulaktcha.

hawk, no generic term; fish-h.,
Pandion carolinensis, tiktukuash; a

species of h., klapti; species of
gray h., shké; its female, spt’m;

species of long-tailed h., witkatkish
species, perhaps marsh-h., te-ukté-
ukash; pigeon-h. or merlin, ndt-

kash; prairie-h., tchmekoléash; yel- |

lowish mice-h., tsi'ktu; sparrow-h ,
Falco sparverius, tehlikélak; spe-
cies of sparrow-h., kshi’/kshnish;
red-tailed squirrel-h., Buteo calurus,
ké-ash.

hay, kshi’n; looking like h., ksht’n-
ptehi.

haze, luash; h. 7s forming, lia, teha-
tehakma.

hazy; itish., lia; veryh., ka-a lia,
tchatchakma.

hiha; to make haha, stt’mka; to
make h. continuously, hihii’tamna.

he, pron. pers.; anim. in close prox-
imity, ke’;-anim., close by, kek;

standing before you, htt; anim. |

visible or distant, pi; when removed

from sight, ht’k, hi’kt, ht’ksht,
ef. that; hu, more Mod. than K1.;
hiink, ef. this; himself, hi’kak, ete.
She, it are expressed by the same
dem. pronouns as: he. Cf. himself
head, nt’sh; provided with a h.,
nish eitko, nushaltko; at the h. of,
firstly, adv., lupi; h.-ache, nt’sh-
ma’shash; h.-board or h.-stone, liteh-
yash; provided with h.- and foot-
board, titadszatko; h.-cover, h.-wear,
tehtiyesh, cf. cap, hat; top of h.,
nkak; to be at the h. of, pl. of
persons, f-amna, fyamna; to bend,
turn the h. for a bite, shuishtchak-
tehka; to carry on h., sha-tla; tid-
shna; to raise and drop the h., wank-
udnka; to shake the h. in refusal,
shuakatchktcha; to stand on one’s h.,
anim. and inan., shutapkéa, shetal-
yéa; to walk with the h. sticking out,
to go h. forward or downward, skan-
shna; to wash one’s h., shetatcha.
-headed; bald-h., stakoldélatko; con-
ical-h., wakwakli nt’sh gitko; nar-
yow- or long-h., vultchikish. Cf.
head
head off, v.t., gayaya.
head-chief, tutaszénini lakf, mu-
ni lakf, abbr. mu-laki.
head-waters, nushaltkaga.
Head-Water Modoc Indian,
nom. pr. Nushaltkagakni.
health; no ex. eq.; to be in good,
bad h., tidsh, kui hishlta; to regain
h., to be in good h. again, hesh-
udmpéli, hugegidsha, wémpéle ; to
restore to h., heshuampéli; ya-uka.

580

heap, s., as of wood, kédshlaksh;
h. of snow, kéknish; h. of débris,
dkuash; ina h.,adv., shdpa, st’ pén;
to liein a h., shépa, shtpka; to lay,
put oninah., shupéldka; to unite,
collect in a h., v. i., liwa, liwala, |
liupka; shukd’lki; ef. crowd.

heap up, v.t. shid’lyi, Mod. hu- |
shto'lki; h. up in a stack, pile, shé-
palya; h. up earth, spiktchampka;
h. up together, what is on the ground, |
shekelki; 4. upon, shupéléka; to
be heaped up, shi'pka.

hear, v. t., ttiména.

hearken, v.i, shtéyak’lakpa, ma-
tchdta. Cf. listen, v. |

heart, steinash; possessed of a h.,
steinshaltko; to my heart's content,
gé-utala steinash ; to be h.-sick, h.-
broken, stefnash shi’la.

hearth, shné-ilaksh, to‘ke. |

heat, of weather, body, ete., kél-
poksh; h. of sun, fire, ktchalyish ;
of water, ldkuash; to emit, radiate
h., ktchalya;. to be at red or white h.,
tchuitchiga; kaltchuytiga, Mod.
ktchuiléka.

heat, v.t.,htiyuka; h. liquids, water,
shnekalpka, tchilala; h. stones dur-
img one day for cooking, ete., shuait-
lala; h. the cooking stones repeat-
edly when baking roots, satndlha;
heated, kélpoksh; of liquids only,

Cf. hot: |

heavy, yttantko; in the sense of
voluminous, solid, strong, hipkatko;

kéluash, 1ékuash.

to be h., yita; hipka; to be very h.,
kil ytta.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

heaven; cf. heavenly, sky.
heavenly, p'latkni, p’laitalantni,
plaitalkni; h. father, p'laitalkni.
height; no ex, eq.: low inh., wigdni;
growing to a small h., wigan; h. i
the sense of mountain, yaina;
hall, yaina-aga. Cf. high.
help, y.t; somebody, shatudya,
hashatuiya; h., as an associate,
ally, shitchla, tchilla; h. in war-
Jare, tchinta, tehilla; h. the opposite
party in war, tehinta; h. oneself to,
shniika, shnikua, dna; h. each other,

in
of

shitchla, shilodtcha; h. in carrying
something, shilodtcha; h. oneself
into, inside of, gwhli; h. up, assist in
getting up, ktinyéga, liwatkal, liwd-
tchampka.

helpful; to be h. to somebody, sha-
tudya, shitchla. Cf. help, v.

hem,.v. t, skéllia.

hemlock pine, wa‘ko, or wa‘/kuam.

hemorrhoids, kilft-mdshash.

hemp; wild h., shle’dsh; narcotic
part of wild h., shle’dsh.

hem-seam, skélliash.

hen, tehil’n gulu.

hence, from here; cf. here; h., on
that account, himasht gitiga, humaé-

himasht gisht, htin-

shtak giug;
kanti, hunkantehii’.
her, hers, pron. poss., ef. his.
herb, tehélash; species of, with eat-
able seeds, tehid-usam. Cf. grass.
heel, stafnaksh, yowish.
heirloom, skékish.
here, gita, git; when connected
with verbs of motion, hatak; h., loc.

heap—himself.

and temp. hu, -u, 0’; h. on the ground,
hi, hi’, i; hfta, hita, hi’t; right h.,
eén, géna, gind; gi’tata; tchimé,
tchimi; right h., referring to long

. ~ A
obj. and persons, hi’t; from h.,

hence, gita, hi'tksh; h./ in the sense
of look here! hé-i! haggi! the one h.,
this one, long obj., persons, hiti’t; com-
ing from h, gitakni. Cf. place, there,

hereafter, conj. and adv., after
this, gintak. Cf. after, future.

hereupon, tchii; action in sight,
tehtiiyuk; unseen, tchiyunk; tehui
pan, at pen, tchi’, at, apoc. a;
h., finally, tché’k; tché’ksh, tehvi
tché’k, k’Iléwiank. Cf. after, after-
wards

hermaphrodite; a man ‘“wear-
ing woman’s clothes,” tuinizAtko.

heroical, litchlitchli.

heroically, litchlitch.

heron; great blue h., Ardea herodias,

kakash; night h, Nyctiardea Gar- |

denii, sho‘ksh. Cf. crane.

herself; same as himself, q. v.

bidve., v2 1., aishi-> man, iha;
oneself, hiyaha, pl. gayaha, wilya;
h. oneself in ambush, stretched
out, shuilpka, pl. wiwAmpka; wal-
ya; h. oneself while standing behind,
tgdptcha; h. oneself behind, kap-
tcha; h. one’s head under something,
eitakta; h. oneself by contracting one’s
body, hishuadlya, walza.

hide, s., with the fur on, nil; h. un-
tanned, kla’sh; h. dressed, tanned,

mba-ush: h. of lynx, shléa; h. of |

antelope, elk, vwhli‘lsh.

h. |

581

hideous, ktidshi; unsightly by
use or age, A4mtchiksh, -amtch.

high, atini, abbr. ati; muni; one
who is higher than, p'laitani; high-
est, topmost, p'la-ini; h.-pointed,
wakwakli; h. in price, tim shé-
shatko; of h. temperature, kélpoksh;
water, ldkuash; to possess a h. voice,
tche’ktcheka.

high-crested, sankdéwaltko, bet-

| ter: samkawaltko.

‘high-topped, as moccasins, ati
stalégatko,

high up, ady., p’laf, p’laitala; atu
(from ati hii); tu, titaks; to be h.
up, plaiki, p’lai gi; who, what is h.
up, on high, p'laikni, p’léntankni;
higher up than, ady. and postp.,
pléntant, p’laitana. When
nected with verbs, h. wp is some-
times expressed by the suffix -u:
e. g- tchilamnt. Cf. above, up.

hill, yaina- Aga; among the hills,t wa;
h. shaped roof-like, witlash; h.-range,
witchkatko; rocky edge of h., wa-
lish; ant-h., kima’dsham yaina-aga,
kima’dsham shuliilkish; fo make,
create lulls, yainala; to stand or be
on ah., ef. eminence; hillspur, ka-
tokiwash. Cf. declivity.

hillock, kitehkéni yaina-daga, or

| same as hill, q. v.

hillside, ginshkétko; h. washed
out, shnuntaltchish. Cf. declivity.

‘himself, also herself, and (if
anim.), itself; oneself, hikak, ht’k-
tak, hi’tak, pftak; obj. hi’nktak,

pishtak, pt’shtak; he for himself,

con-

|

582 ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

she for herself, ete., hikian, hi’ki- hoe, vutoyétkish.

anki, pitagiinggin; he by, within | hog, gt’shu, dim. gushudga.
himself, ete., huk{; in his own mind, hog gish, hoglike, gf’shuptchi.

by himself, huni. Reflective verbs hoist, v. t., kiuléya; h. by motion

are formed by prefix h-, placed |
before the medial prefix sh-, s-, or.
by the latter alone. Cf. he, his, |
and the Grammar.

pee |
hindleg, tapitni pé’tch.

hindmost, tapini, tapitni. | h

hire, v.t., shatéla, q. v.; hired per-
son, ksheluiki¢tish.

his; also her, hers, its, anim. and |
inan., in close proximity, kélam;
anim. in close proximity, kékélam;
anim. and inan., in proximity less
close, hinkélam; referring to anim.
obj., absent or in the distance, m’na, |
Mod. p’na; coming from his, her
place, lodge, ete., hunkélamskni,
kekélamskni, his, her, its own, |
m’/nitak, Mod. p’natak. Cf. he,
himself.

hit, v. t.; &. with a long article,
uduipka, vudika; h. by shooting,
Jiring, ngé-isha; shlin, pl. yuta;
cf. shoot, wound; h. upon repeat-
edly, mpatia; h. each other, shékpé-
ya; shuktapka, Mod kthyua; to
make a motion to h., hushdsha.

hitch, v.t., shlitchta; to be hitched
to, horses, etc., tgtita, pl. léviita.

hoar-frost, sgt’mlash; to form
h-f, sgti’mla; shvt’ntka, Mod.
tchvii/ntka.

hoarse; he is h. htikian késhga
hémkanksh.

hock, yéwish.

of hands, K’hfuléza; h. up sidewise,
kiunyéga; h. up, and to begin hoist-
ing up, round, bulky obj., liwayéga,
contr. luyéga, pl. pe-uyéga. Cf.
lift, v.

old, v.t.; h. in hand, long obj.,

tiyamna, pl. t-amna; round obj.,
liyamna, pl. pé-ukanka; h. or car-
ry about in hand, long obj., shém-
tcha, shémtchna; h. on! 1éki! pl.
Iékat! gétak! Mod. kanktak! h. on
one’s arms, kshayamna; h. under
the arm, arms, shultila, long obj.,
shutila; wader one’s clothing, shitila;
h. on one’s back, or in a large or
seed-basket, skayamna; h. at a dis-
tance, vita; h. fast, tehilika, contr.
tchlika; h. fast in one’s power, ipka;
h. fast on purpose, shniikpa; h. the

Singers in a scratching position, slii-

tizapka; h. between one’s legs, knees,
kpatakanka; h. oneself to, stick to,
winta; h. open, as one’s mouth,
hanuipka; h. an opinion, héwa,
shéwa, kshapa; h. over somebody
or something, ltitatka, shl¢étatka,
itatka; h. a thin or flat article above
another of the same kind, shaipat-
mawa; hh. together objects, sheets
of unequal size, tapata; h. wp, kiu-
léya; by hand, Whiuléza; h. up some-
body, liwatkal, liwatchampka; h.
up while moving, kiutchna. Cf.
carry, V.

hindleg—horse.

hold, s.; to take h. of, shnika, shni- |
kua; long. obj., tyamna, pl. f-amna; |
to get h of what is thrown, kawita, |
shntikua.
hole in the ground, hollow, den,
wash; den, subterranean passage,
burrow, sti, sttish; shnilash, lit.
“nest;” h., aperture, kilit; h., cleft,
méthli, métchish; h excavated for a
lodge, wilkish, wash; h., showing
location of former sweat-lodge,
sli’mdamd-wash; h. to be closed
up, ndsakish; h. to crawl through,
gekankish, gutékuish; h pierced
through, especially when tubiform,
gingish; bored, pierced h., ibékant-
ko; full of holes, ibutékatko, gintat-
katko; to cut a h. into, ktékna; for
making an obj. burst, vud’hita; to
digah., yépa, Mod. ibéna; utdya,
ibutiya; under something, hantila;
to have a h. or holes, gintitka; in a
limb, hanuipka; to make a h., stiya; |
by boring, tuéka; by cutting, or by a |
stroke of the hand, tkéka; in the
ground, yépa, stuya, utdya; to
scratch ah, said of animals, sttrya,
wa’shla, lushantchna, shli‘tila. Cf.

|
|

aperture, den.

hollow, adj., ginsyatko; h. as a reed,
tube, ginkatko, Mod. ginshaszan-
tko; tobe h.,g |
long and h.-shaped, vanshakaptchi. |

hollow, s., wa’sh.

hollow out, v. t, as a dug-out |
canoe, washkndla.

home, dwelling-place, tehi’sh; at h.,

away, Jar

insza: as a tube, ginka;

. - . Y af 7 7 sti
towards h., hi, hi’, i, i-i;

585

Jrom h. Vwa; near h., iwag; to go,
come h., gémpéle, gatpampéle; to
return h., gépgapéle, q. v.; to be at
h. after having returned, veluipka;
to call h., shatmapéle.

hone, v. t., léktcha.

hone, s., lektchétkish.

honest, talani.

honeycombed, gintdtkatko.

hoof, kiédshinksh, dim. kudshi/nk-
shka.

hook; fish-h., latkish; small h., cro-
chet, shnitehlkutkish.

hoop, stilanksh; h. as a plaything,
hishtilankankeo’tkish; to drive ah.,
stildnshna.

hoot, v.i., said of owls, hi’/ma.

kléna, shekliyiéa; h.
around, tuituigidsha; to go around
hopping, kshititchna.

hope, v. t.; no ex. eq.: Th. you will
come, i kam gétpant. Cf am.

horizon, kalo nénuktua ginkakia-
mna; to decline towards the h., sun,
etc., tilza, tinoléna; to pass under
the h., tinkuéla, tino’li.

Hop; Vat;

horn, téke, dim. tukiaga; h. of horned
toad, ete., naishlakgish; provided
wiih long horns, \yzawaltko;
made of h., toke.

horned, téke gitko; h. cattle, mush-
mush, Mod. vishmush; h. owl, Bubo

tool

subarcticus, mukash; h. toad, freg,
naishlashlakgish gitko.

horse, watch; male h., laki watch;
possessed of ah. or horses, watchalt-
ko; pacing, racking, or ambling h,

wiliteish. Cf. colt, mare.

584

horseback, on; to ride on h.,
watchat or watchatka hushod’tehna,
watchat or watchtat tehi’kla, tehi’-
kla; to go and ride on h., hushatsa;
to sit on h. or on a mule, tkala-
mna, du. ludlamna, pl Itilamna;
to ford a river on h., hashpankua.
Cf. ride, v.

horse-feed, watcham hashpkish.

horse-hair, species of Gordius:
Ampuam lak.

horse-race, hushénish; fo start,
arrange a h.-r., hushini-a.

horse-shoe, ladshzish.

horse-sorrel, kénawat.
hostile; h. warrior, shishékish.
hot, kélpoksh, ldkuash; said of

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

1

| winter-h., luldamalaksh; log-h., ef.
log; outhouse, latchash, Mod. sti-
na’sh; if a shed, mahiash; h.-builder,
laldsish; h.-snake, od-itak. Cf. lodge.

how, adv.;(1)/ (notinterrog.), wak ; ‘
h. formed, shaped, wakaptchi; h.
many, h. much, tank, tanni; (2) h.
(interrog.), wak? wakgi? wakgisht? :

h. then? emphat., wakai? wikaiteh?
h. many? h. much? tank? tanni?

however, -tak, taks, toks, ta’dsh.

howl, v. i, hi’ma, mbdwa, yd-a;
of beasts, yéa, w6a; paklua, mbawa;
h. continuously, wokanka; h. and cry
im chorus, yéka; h, said of the
storm, yéwa.

howler, mbaubdwash; said of ani-

liquids, water, kéluash, lo6kuash ;
to be, feel h., weather, body, water,
fire, ete., kélpka, body, shualka,;
to be h., water only, likua; it is h.

weather, pata; h. season, dry time |

of the year, pata; to make h., as
stones, htiyuka; to bathe in h. water,
kélua; to be red h., tchtitchiga;
kaltchuytiga, Mod. ktchuiléka; red
h., tchuitchuili.

Hot Creek, nom. pr. of a brook,
with a Modoe settlement: Aga-
wesh; native of H. C., Aké-ushkni.

Hot Springs, nom. pr. loc., Lu-
kuashti.

hour, our, aur; early hours of day,
pi’ ktei; late howrs, spunii’ksh, litki.

house, tehi’sh; latchash, Mod. sti-
na’sh; to build a h., latcha, Mod
stind-a; in or into this h., ludge, hi, i,

©
c

ii, hita; out of the h., outdoors, kant; |

mals, ete.
huckleberry; cf. whortleberry.
(huddle, v. t.; h. into, kpull.
hug,’ v. t.; hk. and caress, ldikua,
shuldikua. Cf. embrace, v.
hum, v.i, said of insects, hi’ma;
mui’muma; h. around, nutiyamna;
to keep on humming, hihii‘tamna.
human; h. being, maklaks; pshe-
utfwash; h.-like, miklaks-shitko.
humming-bird, pishash.
hump, kilyish.
humpback, kilzdéntko, ldlamna-
tko; to be a h., sktya; to become
humpbacked, kilka.
hundred; one h., té-unepni té-unep;
tind hundred; two h., lapéni_ té-
unepni té-unep.
chun @, to be; cf. hang, v. i.
hunger, tii’mish; to feel h., titi’ma;
to satisfy h., shohéta, a’-una.

horseback —husk.

hungry, tiamantko; fo be, feel h.,
tiii’ma; v. impers., pandpka; very
h., vunékish; to be very h., mt, ka-a
titi’ma.

hunt, v.t.; h. up, follow up, ka-iha,
haitchna, kahiéwa; for somebody,
kaihia; h.inpursuit, gashaktchna; to
reach through hunting, peno'dsha; h.
down, ka-iha, for somebody, kaihia;
h. after continually, ké-ikanka; to be-
gin hunting for, kayaktampka; to re-
turn from hunting, kayaktka; h.
game, ginkanka; to go hunting, wala-
ktcha; to be on a hunting trip, gan-
kanktcha; to go hunting on the wa-
ter, ganodsha; h. bald eagles, yau-
yalala; h. elks, vundldsha.

hunt, s.; to go on a h., cf. hunt, v.;
to return from the h., kayaktke

hunter, huntsman, gankdnkish;
h.’s pit, pé'ntch.

Huipa Indian, nom. pr., Skatch-
palikui.

hurl, v.t., shikna, pudlya; h. round,
bulky things, shnikiwa; long obj.,
vutédshna; h. away, nutédshna, pi-

|

edsha; h. away to a distance while |

going, nutdlaktcha; h. back, return
by hurling, puedshampéli; h. at each
other, sht-ti'ta; repeatedly, shitual-
sha.
hurriedly, kil’ kilank; pdlak,
Mod pélak; palakak. Cf. haste.
hurry, v.i, to be inah., h. up, kila;

585

klika, hidsha (and hidshna), du.
tushtcha, pl. tinsha; hk. away, li-
kansha, du. tishkansha, pl. tinyan-
h. away again, hikansham-
péle; h. into again, hulipéeli; h. off
within sight of the one speaking,
hudshna, du. tushtchna, pl. tinshna;
h. out of again, huizipéle; hikam-
péli, du. tishkampéli, pl. tinkam-
peli, h. towards, hika, pl. gika; h.!

sha;

make hurry! kila géy’ i! to make

somebody h. up, husht’'ktgi; har-

ried, killitko.
hurt, v.t, shkalkéla; h. by beating,
shiitka, utchaya; h. by dislocation of
an organ, tchishka; h. by a shot,
shlin, pl. yuta; to be hurt, h. oneself,
kalkéla.
usband, hfshuaksh; lakf; to take
Jor ah., hishudkshla, Mod. hishua-
tchyadshla; lakiala; h.’sbrother’s wife,
said by wife, p’tchikap; h.’s sister,
said by his wife, pa-alamip; elder
or younger sister's h., ptcht’kap;
h.’s younger sister's son or daughter,

h

said by aunt, p’gt’mzip; wife's sis-
ter’s h., said by h, p’tehitkap.
hush up, v. t. sha-ishi; h. up/
kapkablantaks! kapkapagink 1!
husk, tehilak; tchatchgalam, Mod.
tchatchgdélinks ; emptied, ktcheld-
lash.
husk, v.t., ktcheldla, letya; husked

car, ktcheldluish.

ENGLISH- KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

I.

I, pron. pers., nd, ni, or -n suffixed;
I myself, niitak, nitoks; I for my-
self, nutagiangein; but I, just I,
I however, niitak, nitoks.

ice, weésh;
ered, wétko; to be i.-covered, éwa;
to form %., to turn into 7., waydlpa,
wen; to slide, skate on 7., wéshtat
wlak’kanka; ulakludansha.

icicle, wayalapsh; to form icicles,
wayalpa

idea, htshkanksh.

identical; cf. same.

idle, to be, tehuyéma
active, lazy.

idler, yampkash; tehuyémash

if, conj ; when conditional, hi’, hi;

and if, but if, hii’ tehi, hii’ tehui, and |

abbr. hitch; when causal, -dga, -ok,
-tiga, -uk, suffix of the verbal causa-
tive; whether, if, in indirect ques-
tions, tami’, tamudsh

ill, adv., kt-i; to feel i., shuntyua,

ku-i 97.

imbecile, ka-ikash, létalani; teha- |

wikatko.
immediately after, ndnui.
immerse, v.t., ilktcha, kel4-una;
i. in water, shnindiwa, flktcha.
immortal, tehdshnini.
immovable, tehdnshan.

impale, v.t., talka.

i-chunk, wayalapsh; |
Jloating cake of i., wayadlapsh; %.-cov-

Cf in- |

impetuous, killitko, kilosh; tobe
a, Kila.

implement; expressed by the
suffix -étkish, contr. -otch, -iitch,
as in: @. for fighting, shellolétkish;
curing 7., miluash, tehuténdtkish.
Cf. apparatus, instrument, tool

impossible, to be, késhga.

impression; made by stamping
with the feet or other long-shaped
object, kttiteks; round-shaped i.,
nute’ks.

imprison, v.t., spulhi, pl. tlhi; to
return from imprisoning, spulhitka.

imprisonment; place of 7, spu-
li’ksh; for more than one person,
iligish; Chin. J., skikum-house.

impure; said of water, kuytimatko;

Cf. clear.

inaccessible, inan., kuidshi.

to become 7., kuy tuna.

inactive, yampkash; fobet., yam-
pka, tchuydéma.
incandescent, tchuitehtih; to be

2, tehuitchiga; kaltchuytiga, Mod.

ktchuildka; to make 7, hityuka.
incantation, fatalor not, shui’sh;
i started by the conjurer, shuinoétkish.
incensed, shawigatko; to be or be-
come 2. shawiga, shitchakta, shi-
tchaktna, kilua; ¢o be 7, Kila.

incision, sti‘klkish; provided with
|

| incisions, incised drawings, shuma-

luakitko, Cf. indentate, noteh.

[—inform.

inclose, v. t. spthi, pl. ilhi; «
by sewing or pasting over, skéntana.
Cf. put inside, under, put, v.

inclosure, ground fenced in, tpu-
ligish, pl. of obj., iligish; wakalak,
dim. waklakiga; Mod. ktchinksh,
dim. ktchinkaga. Cf. corral.

increase, V. 1.5 @. im Size, grow, as

animals, persons, t’shi’n; as plants
) ? ’ | ? |

kédsha; 7. in strength, said of wa-
ters, Ampuala; said of winds, shi-
wina.

indebted; to be or become 7. skiu-
ta; to be 7., shkitilka.

indebtedness, shkiulaksh, ské-
utish.

indeed, adv., tehatchui; -tak, -taksh,
-toksh suffixed, and emphatic; yes,
i.! ya! i-a! i-i! €e! interrogative-
ly: 4.2 is that so? i-i? 6-e? Mod.
hundmasht?

indentate, v.-t., kték’hiehé, kte-
peta, kttizi.

index- finger, spéluish, yushzish;
to put forward the i.-f, yishka, yu-
shakéna, spélshna.

Indian, man or woman, maklaks;

587

indicator of day-time, time: clock,
dial, watch, sun, moon: shaépash.

indigent, yudalkish, kawantko,
kéliak tua; to bei, yudlka, kamp-

Cf. lack, v. ;

individual, human, na’sh mak-
laks; maklaks.

indoors, prep., expressed by loca-
tive cases, as -i, -kshi, etc., and by
verbal suffixes; washi, yuhicna; re-

ka.

ferring to several, ginhiéna; to stand
to} 1D v)
i, tefzuga, pl. liuzuga, liuna.
induce, vy. t; @. by tricks, shnapém-
pema, Mod. shnepémpema.
inebriate, v.t.; 2. oneself, lékanka;
to be inebriated, léka. Cf. drunk.

‘infant, suckling, miksh, Mod shu-

Modoc JI., Mo’dokni madklaks; In-.

dians and their families, maklaksni;
I. band, people, tribe, chieftaincy, ma-
klaks; the Klamath Lake Indians,
E-ukshikni maéklaks

Indian village on Lower Wil-
liamson River, Yé-aga; also called
E-ushtat.

indicate, v.t, shapa; «7 a guess
by proffering the hand or finger,
shlin.

éntch; dim. mtikaga, Mod. shuen-

Cf. baby.

infected, said of food, ete. kiwi
piluitko, piluitko, ndtipatko.

inferior,

tchaga.

yantani, yanani, lému-
naikni, munatalkni; in the abstract
or moral sense, sha‘tptehi, kvudshi
steinash; to pass to the 2. regions,
nt’lidsha. Cf. lower, nether.

inflamed, said of eyes only, spu-
kuatko.

inflorescence, lé-usham.

inform, v. t., shé’gsha, shaptya; 7.,
report to, stilta, hishtalta; 7. fully,
shapiytla, shegshéwa; to start-out
for informing, hashiwaktcha, sti!-
tchna; 7. or teach, hashitiga; 7. ove-
self, vila, vulankia; to go and 7. one-
self, shayuaktna; to be imformed of,
shayudkta; tiména; well formed,
shiyuaksh, ninuktua shayuaksh.

588

information, timénash; to carry,
bring 7., stillidinka, stiltchna; ha-
shiwaktcha.
inhabit, v.t., tehfa, pl. wa; tchi-
yoga, tchi’dsha, tehiwiza, pl. wa-
dshuga; i. the same locality, mépka.
inhabitant of a place, tchi’sh; 7%.
of that place, locality, gitakni.
inhale, v. t. héka, hdkampéle; 7.
breath with noise, tinéga.
inherit, v., skiki’shla.
inheritance, skékish.
inhume, v. t., keld-una,
pnana, ilktcha vumishtat; 7., bury a
corpse, élya or ilya, p’ndna, Mod.
vumi. Cf. bury, inter, v.
injure, v.t., shkalkéla, utchdya; 7.
. by wounding, shitka. Cf. hit, hurt.
injury; to inflict bodily 7, shitka,
utchaya, vud’hita.

vumi,

inquire, v.t., vila, vuldnkia; 7. re-
peatedly, vilantana.

insane, tchawikatko, I¢ékish; to be
i., tchawika, léka.

insect; flying 7., ma’nk; crawling i.,
milk, dim. miIkaga.

insert into, v. t., tulf, ikuga; 2
into an opening, yankapshti; if a
long obj., yantana; 7. into the per-
JSorated nose, hushkdtka.

inside; expressed by locative cases,
by verbal suffixes, or by: ginhiéna,
yuhiéna; f-ukak, iwina; to be i.
imdoor, ginhiéna; to be i., within,

Ol:

3"?

yuhiéna, iwinank e

inan., ginhiendlatko; to stand, to be

a. of, tgizuga, pl. liuzuga, lfuna; 7.
¢

ladder of winter-lodge, wakish.

staying 1., |

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

insist upon, v.t; forcibly, killé-
tana; 7. by solicitation, shakétka.

inspire, v.t.; cf. inhale.

instep of foot, pétcham nawalash.

instruct, v.t. hashitiga; instruct-
ed in, shayuaksh.

instructor, hashitgish.

instrument; expressed by the
suffix -étkish, contr. -dtch, -itch;
small boring 7., tuekétkish; 7. for
measuring, skilulyétkish; part of an
7. shute-étkish. Cf article, imple-
ment.

intellect, hishkanksh

intellectual, tidshi, shepelpel-
Atko.

intelligent, shayuaksh tua; na-
nuktua shayuaksh, shepelpelatko.

intensely, ka-a, contr. kA; tim;
mt, mt; tidsh; when connected
with adj. and adverbs, suffix -ak,
-hak.

intent; to be @. upon, haméni, sha-
na-uli.

inter, v.t., pnana; kéla-una; élya,
vumi; 7 im something, ilyuatchla;
2. simultaneously, ilyéta. Cf. bury, v.

interdict, v.t, lewé-ula; ef. pro-
hibit, v.

interdigital membrane, shegga-
tyatko.

interior, s.; «ofthe earth, lémina;
coming from the %. of the earth, leému-
nikni, munatalkni; in the 7., iwina.
Cf. inside, indoors.

interloeution; a sort of senten-

tious 7., used by coujurers, shellolé-
tkish.

information—yjar. 589

intermediate in age, tatzélamni,
Mod. tyalamni. Cf. middle.

intermingle, v. t., inan. obj.,
shi’kla, katchaéga.

interpret, v.t., latatka, shni’nta-
tka.

interpreter, lutatkish, more fre-
quently d. lildatkish; fo act as i.,
liitatka.

Interrogative particles: in
direct questions: a? 4? ha? ha?
tam? tamvi? tamudsh? in indirect
questions: tamudsh, tam.

intersect, v.t., shuelita, shendk’la.

introduce, v. t., iwina, tuli; kshé-
wa. Of. place, put, v.

invade, v.t., gatkta. Cf. dttack, v.

invert, v t. népéli.

invigorate, v.t.; @. oneself, shpdtu.

invitation, tpéwash.

invite, v. t., shatma; tpéwa, shaté-
las Cf. eall: -v.

fpo, bulb of “wild potato,” Calo-
chortus, kii’sh; ipo, ipya; to gather
ipos, ki’shla.

irate, shawigatko, kilosh; to become

or be i, shawiga, kilua; to be i.,
kila. Cf. angry, irritate, v.

iron, tchikémen, watiti; tinned sheet-
i., pokéti.

iron, v.t., latadsha, latadshl’ya.

irresistible, shkaini

irrigated land, meadow, tchyashé-
tko.

irritate, v.t., shnikdlua; to be and
become irritated, shitchakta, kilua; to
be irritated, tchakéla, kila, shawiga,
ndshiptchpa; to become irritated at
each other, shitchaktna, hishtchakta.
Cf. angry.

island, Awaluash; ampu wigata;
little 7., awaldga.

issue; place of 7, gekankish, guté-
kuish; door, kaishtish.

it, pron., cf. he; inan., hin.

itch, s., techimtash; afflicted with 2.,
tchimtatko.

itch, v.i, yukiuka, Mod. yukigi;
i. repeatedly, kupka.

its, pron. poss.; same as: his, q. v.

‘itself, pron.; same as himself, q. v.

liv y, kekammaménish.

J.

jackass, limilam p’ti’shap, Mod. ; jail, skikum-house;spuli’/ksh; when

limi’lam t’shishap.

Jack Captarn,,

nom, pr., of

intended for two or more persons,
iligish; 7. keeper, i-alhish.

a famous Modoc chief, Kintpuash; | January; corresponds inaccurately

the Shasti Indians called him
Iii’mpa.
jack o’lantern, héshla.

to tzdpo, in the instr. case: tzo-
powatka.

jar, poko; dim. pokudga.

J , 8

590

jaw, jawbone, kako.

jay, j-bird, yikiak; blue-j., Cyanura
Stelleri frontalis, tchye-utchzé-ush.

jeer at, v.t. shuludkta, luaiza; in

j. at repeatedly, shuludktcha.

jerk, v. t., j. asunder, long obj.,
pakta; j. off, pak4ga; to a dis-
tance, pakakdéla; to open by jerking,
pakedla; jerked beef, pahatko mush-
wusham tehulé’ks

jest, I¢éshuatyzash; to amuse by jests, |

shndandshma-a.

jester, clown, utiissusé-ash.

jewsharp, heshémésh, shalallish,
shi'shap.

join, v.t.5 J. rejoim somebody, gap-
toga, gawina’ j. together, inan obj.,
tulf; to be joined to, im junction
with, shalatchguala; 7. one part into
the other, pitch put over, when said
of arrows, shtlhfpéli; no pitch put
over, ttdhipéli.

join, v.i; 9. with others, shalatchgu-
Ala.

joiner, vulinish.

joint, of limbs, kélansh, nawalash;
knee-j., kélansh; wrist-7., nawdlash,
népam nawalash,

joke, v.i, 7. about, luatza, talzea.

jokingly; to talk 7., talzea, léshua-
tyash hémkanka.

journey, 8; fo be on aj., tamént;
efna, guhudshka; to return from a
j., taméndtka.

joyful; ef. glad, rejoice.

judge, lakf; to try in the capacity
of ay., né-ulza.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

\judgment, né-ulaksh.

jug, pdko; 7. for boiling, tchildluash,
Mod. tchilalétkish.

juice; red j, vegetal, tchékeli; to
the sense of laughing at, wétanta; |

suck j. out of stalks, ete., kmutchod’-
sha.

July, inaccurately corresponds to
spéluish, in its instr. case: spéluish-
tka.

jump, v.i., between, hutamsza; j. or
leap down, mbi'tlya; j. down from,
shuhii/lulea; to go and j. down from,
shuhululéna; 7. down upon the
ground, hityi; j. down over logs,
obstructions, shampatiaziéa; j. into
distance, héyeka; j. or leap high,
huiyeka, pl tiniyi; j. high while
running, huyézedsha; 7., make
jumps on level ground, Mod. mbu-
té’ye; j. on one’s feet, huyéga; J.
on the throat, body, tchlakaga; 7. out
of, hikansha, with loe. case -tat;
j. out and run back, hidshampéli;
j. out of again, hutzipéle; gj. over
something, shuyaziéga; over an ob-
struction, himputiaziéa, Mod. mbu-
te’ye; 7. while running, going, mba-
tchna; 7. through, hdlalza; 7. up,
hita, hutkala; 7. up again, hitkal-
péli; j. upon something, holapka;
j. into, and 7. up in the water, hiwa,
d. ttishua, pl. tinua, géwa; 7. out of
the water, as fish, vutchéwa.

June, corresponds inaccurately to
the month tzédpo; in, during J.,
tzopowatka.

junction; shalatchgualash; 7 ofa
round organ to the body, lawélash;

Te

jaw—kidney.

Jj. of hand to arm, foot to leg, nawa-
lash; j. of running waters, né-ukish,
shend’tkatko.

Junction of Sprague and William-
son Rivers, nom. pr. loc., Tsiind-
tanksh.

juniper-tree, Juniperus occiden-
talis, kii’lo.

just, adj.; no ex eq.: right-minded,
talani; j, well intentioned, taldni-
shak it’shkanksh gitko; tidsh
hushkankatko.

591

just, adv.; in the sense of only, but:
ak, -ak, hak, -hak, ta, -ta, -tak,
| taksh; j. as, equally as, in the same
manner as, himashtak, htimtsantka,
wikaktoksh; j here, gi’tata, hita,
hitok; 7. only, 7. then, -ak, -hak; cf.
ak No. 2 (5); 7. now, Atutu, Mod.
atu, atui, atui ti; 7. now or 7. at that
time, at a.
|justly, tala, talaak.
jut out, v.i, tapka.

EK

Kalapuya Indian, nom. pr.,
Mokai, Méke or M. maklaks.

kangaroo rat, ndi-ush.

keep, v.t.; k. in a caché, Aya, ilk-
shla; k. on or in the ground, inan.
obj.,ipka; k.in one's company, spi n-
kanka; &. entire, Mod. shualka; in

one’s power, ipka; k. off, away from, |
prevent, huashka, inuhudshka; &. off

at a distance, vita; k. off repeatedly,

kii-ashtamna; k. open, as the mouth, |

hanuipka; &., save, as meat, tehi-
li‘lza; other objects, Mod. shudlka;
k. out of the way of, shénuya; k.
“secret, aishi; sha-ishian ipka; /.
watch over, shualaliimpka; shlaka,

Mod. shléka; k. within sight, k. an |

eye on, walza.

keep on, v. i, to continue; ex-

pressed by the verbal suffixes
-tamna, -anka, -kanka: k. on grunt-

| ing, humming, hihi’tamna; k. on
handing over, giving, shewantimna.
kélateh-berry, keldtch; the bush
producing it, kélatcham; to collect
k.-berries, kéladshla.
kernel of fruits, 1o’k.
kettle, pdko; tchildluash, Mod.
tchilalétkish; to cook in a k., pot,
shutéshla
key, KL hushakgioldtkish; KI. and
Mod. hushakiétkish.
kick, v.t, vudtka, pl. idika; k. re-
peatedly, vudipka, pl. idtipka; fk.
down, downhill, yilokuéla; k. each
other, idiyua; k. open, ktiugitla;
k. out, ktiuga pétchtka, ktiuga; for
somebody, ktiugia; one who is
kicked, idikatko.
kidnap, v. t., kshukatkal, sptintza.
kidney, lélamiiksh; k.-tallow, tcha-

shlaksh.

592 ENGLISH —- KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

kill, v.t.; generic, shiuga, pl. ltela,
Mod. pl. Itela, shuénka, heshyii’ki;
k. with arrows, balls, or other mis-
siles, shlin, pl. ytita; to come near
killing with a missile, shii’kshga;
k., generally more than one obj.,
hushtchéka; *. a few only, hush-
tcho’Rhuya; &., shoot by means
of, shlitita; k. by burning, shnu-
tchédka; k by stabbing, stika; in the
water, as fish, sttikua; hk. by stab-
bing repeatedly, stiipka; k. each other,
hisht’ka, hushtchéka; k. each other
by shooting, hishlan; k. for some-
body, shitkala, shiukia, shiukiga;
object for killing, \uélkish; killing-
place, luélkish; to make a killing-
place for somebody, luelkslia.

killdeer, Aigialitis vociferus, tehi-
ititi.

killer of animals, ete., lueldlish

kin, shd-amoks.

kind, s.; no ex. eq.: one of the same
k., hiimtchi, gémtchi; of different,
other kinds, wiktchish, wennini;
some k. or sort of, tud; some k. of a
stranger, wennini tua; things of va-
rious or all kinds, nanuktua

kindle, v.t., shnatkalka; &. a camp-
Jire, shnita, shné’pka, shi’dsha; &.
by friction, shlikui. Cf. build, v.

kindred, shi-amoks.

kingfisher, swift or belted, Ceryle
alcyon, tsdntsan, dim. tsantsana-
aga.

kinsman, shi-amoks.

kiss, v. t, kputchftchka; &. each
other, shukptehitchka.

| kitechen-greens, hashuash.
kitten, kittidga, Mod.
Klakamas Indian, nom. pr,
Lakmii’skni, or L. mdklaks.
Klamath Lake country, especial-

eastend of Upper K. L., }i-ukshi;
adj., referring to the K. L. country,
E-ukshikni. K. ZL. Indian, nom.
pr., K-ukshikni, abbr. E-ukskni,
A’-uksni; with or without mdk-
laks; K. L., Lower, nom. pr.
loc., Aké-ushkni E-ush, Agdwesh;
Kk. L., Upper, nom. pr. loc., E-ush.

Klamath Marsh, nom. pr. loe.,
K-ukshi; Indian of K. M., or aresi-
dent there, EX-ukshiwash.

K’mtkamtch, nom. pr. of the
principal deity of the KI. and Modoe
people, K’mukamtchiksh, usually
abbr. K’miutkamtch.

knead, v. t., katch4ga.

knee, kélansh; k.-bone, k.-joint, ké-
lansh; k.-pan, shapash; back of k.,
yowish; k. of quadruped’s hind leg,
yowish; k. af quadruped’s foreleg,
shilpshaksh, Mod. shulapshkish:; to
be on one’s knees, shulatchtilan tehé-
lya; cf lti’tehlya; to hold between
one’s knees, kpitakanka.

kneel, v.i., shulatehtilan tchélza;
k.and k. down, \diglya, hitehlya.

knife; straight k, and k.-blade, witi;
clasping, pocket-k., késhapash;_ k.
over two feet long, yuhanéash;
long k., long blade, té'kish; k.-handle,
witiam tulish; to cut with a k., kta-
kta, ktakidla, ktélya, ktetéga.

ly the portion bordering on north-

allan a 593

knit, v. t. lédsha; &. stockings, shté-
ginshala.

knob, as door-k., lakish.

knock, v. t. and i.; k. with one’s
knuckles, tka-ukua; k. with a stick,
uké-ukua; k.down, prostrate, ktiu-
léza; k. together, one thing against
another, shampo’sha. Cf. mbakla,
mbika.

knot ia cord, shlikalaksh; k. in a
string or rope, ukd’tlaksh; k. in tree,
plank, pikualtish, Mod. pdéko; k. in
lumber-board, papksham 1t'lp; to tie
ak., shlikalaksh shuta, shlukalya.

know, v. t., shayuakta; to recognize,

kuiza; not to k., ka-ikéma; to be un-
decided, léwak shayuakta, usually
abbr. li’ wak, léwak ; to make known,
shapa, stilya; well-known, nanuké-
nam shayudktish; knowing some-
thing, shayuaksh.

knuckles of hand, shuldpshkish
tapini, Mod.; to knock, rap with one’s
kK, tké-ukua.

Kohashti, nom. pr. loe., Skohua-
shki, Kohashti.

Kuimbat Indian, nom. pr., living
between the Lava Beds and Tule
Lake, Kiimbatuash.

le

lack, v. t.; tostand in need of, kimp-
ka; sometimes rendered by: gayat-
edla, shand-uli; lacking, deprived
of, kéliak.

lad, tehaki, dim tchakidga; tehflu-
ish, dim. tchilluyaga; hishudkga;
ntchalkni. Of. boy.

ladder, movable, gukéno'tkish; im-
movable outside 1. of large sweat-
lodge, shashtanuldlash; outside 1. of
a winter-lodge, ga-ulilkish ; inside
l. of large sweat-lodge or winter-lodge,
wakish; to descend al, gt'tya; to
ascend a 1, giika.

ladle, mfdsho; budlet-l., shulald-
tkish; to melt in a 1., shulala.

lady-bug, shnishntdtch-eitko.

lagoon, é-ush, éwaga; tehfwish

lake; fresh water 1., é-ush; small

38

1, éwaga; small standing water,
tchiwish; to go towards a l., water,
ete., tukua; to be changed into aL,
di-ushéltkala.

lamb and lJambkin, shi’ pam lelédshi;
l.-cloud, kitchkani paishkaga.

lame, kudnkatko; to be 1, kudnka.

lament, v. t., shudktcha; lL over
a death, ludtpishla, yutatka, sti’t-
yishla; 1. silently, kiki; Jl. while
biting the teeth, kéka. :

lamprey eel, kawe; water, spring
peopled with l eels, kawam.

land, kafla; section, piece of 1, kiila;
section of 1, né-utko; ploughed, agri-
cultural land, kiiila-shitesh, né-ush;
hashuakish ; irrigated 1., tehyashé-
tko; 1. shaped roof-like, witlash.

land, v.i., kiupata, syapiata.

594 ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

landslide, dkuash.

language, hémkanksh; waltoks; to
understand al., hémkanksh tiména.

lap, v. t., uldksha ulakshulaksha;
L., lap up, hiéka, hiékua, hlépa; one
who laps, hlékosh.

lapse; after a short I. of time, tank-
tak ; /. of one year from one autumn
to the next one, illdlash Cf. elapse,
time.

lard, p’lu.

large, muni, abbr. mi; 2 and
high, tall, atini, abbr. ati; so 1, so
great, gét, taniani; as |. im size,
taniani; to be larger than, wintyi,
Mod. viiyin; luizi, kshutizi; l.-
headed, mi-nt'sh gitko. Cf. big,
great. -

largely, ka-a, apoe. kA; mt, tim;
not 1., kinka, kinkak.

lark, skylark, Mremophila cornuta,
skule.

larynx, syutkani’tkish.

lasso, vutoknétkish; to catch with
the 1., vutéka.

last, im rank, age, order, tapini; L,
hindmost, tapitni; 1. week, stinde
giulank, nia stndé; to be the lLofa.
series, long-shaped subj., tamadsha;
round-sh., lamadsha; at /., ma’ ntch=
gitko, tche’k, tche’ksh, tché-etak;
at l. out there, tehik. Cf finally.

lateh, on door, ktiukish

late, adv.; 0. in the day, litki; it is
l. in the evening, tinoldla, spunéga;

it as getting 1, spunckla.
lately, adv., recently, nia; tna;
tinkak; té-in, té-intaks nfa.

laugh, v.i, wéta; 1. loudly, ndéwa;
l. at, scoff, shuludkta, luafza; wé-
tanta; /. at repeatedly, shuluaktcha.

laughable, wetishptchi.

laughter, wétish.

launderer and laundress, tetéma-
dshish, Mod. tétadshish.

lava rock, tchéltchlish; 2. or’ any
hard rock, lalawash; composed of 1.
or hard rocks, lalatishaltko.

lavish, adj., /. person, nanuktuanta
pépuadshnish.

lavish, v.t., kékanka; pttedsha.

law, written orunwritten, né-ulaksh;
to apply the 1, né-ulya; to violate
laws, né-ulaksh yekéwa.

lay, v.t.; 2 across, kshétleka, pl.
etlé’yi; Akua, ankua; J. down, élya;
fla, espee. d. yala; round obj., li-
kla; sheet-like obj, nélya, shidkla ;
threads, ropes, kindlya; 1. down on
the top of, kshawal, kshttiwal, pl.
iwal, iwdla; / down, long and anim.
obj., kshikla, pl. tkla; 1 down on
the ground, ksh¢lya, pl. Clya; lcélka,
nélya, shlékla, shlélya; while going,
lélktcha, shiélktcha, ete.; 1 down
within, kshéla; 1 eggs, napal hla a,
kntikla; 7. one’s head down upon, eila-
ka; 2 on, deposit upon, tta, likla,
lidsya, nékla, shlékla, pl pé-ula;
l. on in a heap, shupéloka; 1. on the
top of, over, lidsya, nédsza, shlc-
dsya, idsza; /. out, stretch out on the
eround, hushkalya; ¢. out, spread
out equally on both sides, shitchld-
tya; l. oneself down, legs drawn up,
ete., hishudlza; 1. over to make hang

_—

landslide—leave.

down on the sides, shakatchuala;

together sheets of unequal size, tapata; |

l. down underneath, netila; 1. upon, |

down upon, tkla; likla, lawdla; né-

kla; 1. upon, as blankets, earth,

waldsha; /. upon oneself, as pitch,

paint, shi’dsha, shi-ita; /. one upon

another, as sheets, shikantéla.

-layer,s.; iv al, expressed adverb-
ially, shdpa, sti’pén; to be in a L., in
layers, shépa; to lay down in layers,
shdpalya.

laziness, yampkamptch.

lazy person, yampkash; to be lL,
yampka. ;

lead, s., a metal, ngé’shalsh.

lead, v.t.; 1. somebody along, spi'n-
shna, sptinktcha; 1 by hand, as
a child, spfamna; /. back or home,
spunshampéle; /. along a person in
somebody's interest, spunshipktia;
/. towards, sptnshipka; ., to drag, as
animals, boats, hishplamna; /. to,
said of footprints only, kuéntchna.

leader, commander, laki.

leaf, tapak; 2. of paper, pipa.

lean, v.i, on one’s arm, elbow, kia-
pka; 1. on both elbows, shiktt’dsh-
ampka; 7. back on one’s seat, ksha-
pata, shuimpatimpka; /. on a staff
while walking, standing, ete., shi-
kamba, shémtchna; to walk while
leaning on, shikitcha.

lean, adj., meager, skakawash, shi-
ishatko; of 1. appearance, p’hlaksh;
papatkawatko, techmi'tch; to look L,
pahalka; to be, become 1, shtisha.

leap, v.i; U down, hitzi, mbi'tlya; |

595

l. far out, hdyeka; 1. high, hiyeka,
pl. tintyi; 1. into, down into, ityi;
1. wile running, huyézedsha; J: into
the water, hawa, pl. géwa; I. over
something, shuyaziéga; himputi-
ayiéa, Mod. mbute’ye; /. repeatedly,
continually, as frogs, skatkanka; /.
while running, hutyidsha; 1. through,
hélalya; /., jwmp upon something,
holapka; place for leaping, shuya-
ké‘kish. Cf. bounce, jump, skip, v.

leap, s.; to take a long 1, héyeka; a
high 1., hiyeka, pl. tintzi.

Leaping-Place, nom. pr. loc.,
Shuyake’ksh.

learn, v. f., shaytiga; to be apprised
of, tiména; to be learned, erudite,
pipa nanuk shayuakta.

leather, pukéwish; what is made
of 1, pukéwish; small piece of L,
pukewiga.

leave, v. t.; 1, abandon, give up, ké-
dsha, k’lewidshna, gt’shka; hush-
lindsha, du. tushlindsha, pl. tilin-
dsha; /. at home, in the lodge, hush-
lindsha; /. ahouse, encampment, coun-
try, guikaka, guikdéktcha, k’lewi-
dsha# 1 behind while going, travel-
ing, Iélktcha, nélktcha, shlélktcha;
kshélktcha, pl. dlktcha; tulina; /.
in the sense of laying down, ct. lay,
v. t; to be left over, welina.

leave, v.i, generic, géna; 1, start
off, genala, gtikaka; on a trip, gu-
huadshka, guhudshktcha; /. the place
habitually occupied, gcka, edkna,
eckansha, eékanshna; to start from
the same again, gekampelhi, shit’ k-

596

peli; 1. hurriedly, Wikansha, du
tishkansha, pl. tingansha; 1. hur-
riedly again, hukanshampéli; to have
left, started, genudla, gend'la; to be
in the act of leaving, genala.

leech, stakptnksh.

left, adj.; 1, l-sided, skétish; 1.-
handed, shkétitko, shkiftitko, ska-
tidgitko,

leg, s, tcha’ksh, Mod. tchédkash;
pe’teh; 1. from hip to knee, pt'shak-
lish; 1. below knec, wakaéluish; calf
of 1., tehtilash; bone of lower L.,
wakdluish; foreleg, lupitni pé’tch;
hindleg, tapitni pe tch; providedwith,
having al, legs, pctchaltko; having
small legs, petchikaltko; to drag by
the legs, spuktiga; on a march, spu-
ktigatchna; fo draw up one’s legs,
shuhatchydla; kni’klya; to hold be-
tween one’s legs, kpatakanka; to hold
the legs apart, putchkanka; to move
the legs quickly, putchkanka; to
place the legs under oneself, she-
patchtila; to put the legs apart,
hushpt’tya, putchka; to put, stretch
the legs out, spiika; apart, skcéka;
to sit with legs apart, shkéktlezia;
to throw one’s 1.
under, shulatchtila; to walk on long
legs, tehikolalya; to walk on one L,
kléna.

legal practice, custom, né-ulaksh.
Cf. law.

legend, shashapkéléash; 1.-teller,
shashapkélé-ish.

or legs back or

leggings; pair of l, kaildlapsh; /.
below knee, shndshniksh, mftash; to

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

put on one’s 1, kailalap’li; to take off
one’s 1., kailalapdla.

legislate, v.i, né-ulya; & for
somebody, ne-ulyia; to commence
to 1, ne-ulakiéga.

legislature, netno’lzish.

lend, v. t., vulya.

length; no ex. eq.: at l., tché-etak,
tche’k, tché’ksh; to thel. of, as long
as, panini; to measure by 1., hish-
zelilya; to make of the same l,
hishzélulya.

lenticular, kalkali.

lest, conj, dmpka.

let, v.t, no ex.eq; l. down, élya;
unéea; 1. down on the ground, ktél-
ya; l. go, l. loose, tashka, telina; L.
go, 1. out of, as out of jail, sptinka,
spunkampéli; 1. go! utch git gi!
l. ectak! Mod. telin’i

alone! g
ish! kénktak! ( me fire! hagega

me
shliv’k! 2 see, héshla; 1 perish by
hunger, hashtawa.

letter, or note, pipa; L. of the alpha-
bet, shtimaluash; provided with al-
phabetic letters, shumaluakitko.

taktakli, tatatli; patpatli,
adv. patpat; 1. but rugged, tswhtst-
hli; slippery, laklakli; tehliyatko;
lL, dry, barren ground, kna’t, K1.,
ef. kla’dsh; 7, fertile ground, oti-
hua; né-utko. Cf. even, flat, rough.

liar; to beal., kiya.

libellula, dragon-fly, kéktingsh;
atini kinsh.

liberal, welw¢éVhi.

level,

Cf. generous,

| lavish.
lichen, mikasham shnékash.
| ?

a

leech—light. 597

lick, v.t., at something, pélka, pél-

yatana; 1. up, as food, water, ula-
ksha, ulakshulaksha.

lid, ef. cover, s.; to close the 1, ka-i-
shna, utatchkia, Mod. shl4-uki; tore-
move the l., hutatchkitla, kaishnila.

lie, s., untruth, ki’sh.

lie, v.t.; fotellal, kiya.

lie, v.i; generic, spika, ski’Ipka,
ski’lya, pl. lélumi, lulalya; 7. a am-
bush, shuilpka, hishualya, tchagg4-
ya, pl. wiw4mpka, liwdla, liukaya;
togoand l.inambush, wilza; /.around,
in a circle on the inside of, liuzuga;
on the outside of, liutita; l. on one’s
back, taludlyan ski’lpka; /. in bed
or asleep, sptka, fpka, skulya,
ski’Ipka, pl. 1élumi, lulalya; /. be-
low, under, underneath, eintila, utila,
lutila, wintila, netila, pl. i-utila;
anim. subj., kshtisha, kshutila, pl
i-utila; JU. bewitched, shalyita; .
down, 1. down on the ground, spuka,
ski'lya, fpka; /. down extended,
as one asleep, skt’Ipka, pl. 16-
lumi; /. down curled up or leaning
on elbows, knii‘klya; l. face down-
ward in the water, winua; Ll. by
the fire, kshéluya; 1. im, on, or
upon, inan., lisha, tisha; 2 inside,
on, or within, mostly anim., kshikla,
pl. fkla; 1. inside, indoors, or on one
side of, pl. liuna; 0. in a file, series,
ring, row, pl. littatka, lfulya, liu-
kidmna; 1. on the ground, cf.1. down;
inan., lisha, isha, lbika; 1 flat on
the ground, back upward, shuilpka,
wimpka, pl. wiwampka; /. im a

layer, heap, pile, stack, shépa, shi-
pka; 1. on, upon, over, underneath,
within, kshisha; kshikla, pl. fkla;
anim. and inan., ipka; /. on one side
of the body, kidpka; 1. over, along,
inan., lisha, tisha, Ibtika; / in the
shadow, same as 1. below, q. v.; /.
in a secreted, hidden spot, hishualya,
pl. liwdla; 7 sick, fpka; 1. upon
something, sktlha; kshtsha, kshi-
kla, pL ikla; 7. upon, nan. lawala, na-
wal, shlékla; /. upset, 1. upside down,
round subj., laggaya; 1. in the timber,
bushes, recesses, tchaggaya, pl. liu-
kaya, liwala; 1. im the water, inan.,
ampuala.

lieutenant, shi@’/ldshash lak.

life, hukish, cf. stefnash; to come to I.
again, hokampéle; wémpéle.

lift, v.t., 2 up, pick up, coll., itkal ;
long obj., uyéga; 1. up in the middle,
uyéga; 1. up or above something,
shuyéga; /. up, round or bulky
obj., Iduikala; liwayéga, contr.
luyéga, pl. pe-uyéga; l. up again,
liwatkal; 1 up sidewise, kiuléka;
l. one end of something, liwa-
yéga, contr. luyéga, pl. pe-uyéga;
l. into, long obj., kshékuga, kshéla,
pl. tkuga, yala; /. off from the fire,
tchéleyéga; 1. over oneself, kiuyéga;
1 on the top of, ktiwala, ktiwiyi; U.
with a fork, kiutka; to begin lifting,
liwayéga, pl. pe-uyéga.

]

re

gament, mbutitch; strong 1, as
in the neck, pilhap.

light, s.; ray, beam of 1, ktchalzish,
stitish; /arge-sized 1., lamp, torch-

598 INGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.
light, shukélatehnétkish; polar L., shutcho’sha; /. on one’s or another's
shnttya; to radiate 1., ktchalhua, body, shi-usha, shi-ita; 1. on one’s
ktchalya; to fish with a Ll, shlt’- | back, shidlamna; 1. on one’s face,
tchua; to travel about with a L., shidpka; 1. paint on oneself, shute-
sklé’tchkanka, shukélatchitehna. lédma; habitually, shutelomashla.

light, adj, not dark, in color adjec- | line, s.; row, file, kimbaks, tinsh-
tives: kétcha, -tkani; 1. in complex- ish; to make a long 1. of, shuinshna;
ion, palpali; l-haired, mukmukli. l. in hand, shéktanksh; cf. file,

light, adj., not heavy, ké-uni; t’sha- eather, sit, stand, ete.; angling l.,
katko. shué-ush; to fish with the Ll, shuéwa;

light, v.t,asacandle, shnitkalka; | togo fishing with the 1, shuc-udsha;
to be lit up, shncka; to be lit up| to put the 1. out, as for the night,
above, far off, shnekuipka. knéwa.

lightly, not heavily, ké-una. linger, v.i.; lingering disease, shi-

lightning, ltepalsh; stroke of L, lalsh; to suffer from a lingering dis-
lémé-ish, Itepalsh; /-bug, teha- ease, shila; pahalka.

me

tchlai; a species of l-bug, tcha- | lining, shlanzoksh; 1. of clothing,
tchlafptehi. | shlétilsh.

ke, adj.; often expressed by ap-| Link River, nom. pr. loc. Yula-
pending shitko, -sitk, or by the Ina; the cascade of L. R., near

|

adj. suffix: -ptchi, -mtchi; /. this, Linkville, Tiwishzé’ni.

these, gémptchi, shthankptchi; 7.) Linkville, nom. pr. of a town in

that, those, himtchi, shihankptchi; Lake County, Oregon, 'Tiwishzeé’-

to look 1., télha. Cf. alike to. ni, I-uauna, Yulaléna; L. Indian,
like, y. t., shand-uli, witchna, wi- nom. pr., Shuyake’kshni.

tchta; /. as a friend, stinta. lip, same as mouth, q. v; person
limb of tree, we'k, Anku; small 1, with lips hanging down, hi'wiits; to

weékaga; l. of a coniferous tree, pt'- bite oneself in the 1., shokétana. Cf.

shyam. * hare-lip.
limit for running, ete., yuash; to}/listen, v.i., matchatka; stéyak'la-

set up al. for running, ytashla kpa; to persons, matchata; ttiména;
limp, v.i., kuanka; limping, kuan- to noises, ete., matchawa.

katko. Jittle, adj., kitehkani, abbr. kitcha;
limpid, yaliali, yalialtko, tsuktstk- ndshékani; often expressed by the

li; to become 1., yaliala. dim. suffix -Aga, -ak, -ka, -ga.
line, v.t.; 1, smear on, fpka; fta;|little, adv.; 1,a1, kinka, kitcha; but

shf-ita; pitliga, kiuliga, lalfga; lu- 1, adj. and ady ,kinkak; very 1, adv

dso’sha, shidshka; /. over,as with oi/, | = temp., ménik; @ 1, not much, wika.

light—lodge. 599

live, v.i., to be alive, tchia, gi; L,
dwell, tehia; 1. in a lodge, country, la-
tchashtat, kiflatat tchfa; 1. among
others, tchawina, pl. shuikla; /. below,
under, or in the shadow of, kshutila,
pl. i-utila; 2 im a certain medium,
as water, etc., tchia, pl. wa; 1. as
neighbors, in contiguous lodges,
hashtaltélampka; 0. with a person
of the opposite sex, mbushéala; in
concubinage, heshtélya; 1. with ano-
ther party, hashuikla; 1. together in
the same camp, settlement, tchipka;
to make 1. together, hushkititanka,
hushkittka; 1., dwell within, inside
of, ina place, tehia, tchiwfya, tchi-
yoga, pl. tchia, wa, wadshuga; one
living with others, ksheluikictish;
tchawinatko; place to l. in, tehi’sh;
cf. lodge.

lively, teheltchelatko; to be 1, teh¢l-
tchela.

liver, pala.

lizard, kia; species of, one foot in
leneth, skétigsh; a species of green
7, tmokil.

lo! haggi! hé-i! pl. hagegat!

load, s, burden, métkalsh; to carry
al, métk’la; to form a/., shi’pka;
1.-gauger, shlayaksam wetkokétkish.

load, v.t., shi-itna; /. a canoe, vii'n-
shtat ila, il4pka; 1 @ gun, pistol,
cannon, ikuga, iwiza; l. transversely,
long obj., hekshatléka, pl. etlé’zi;
1, as a wagon, ita; to be loaded on a
vehicle, sht'pka.

loam, loamy soil, tikésh, Mod.

loan, v.t., vulya.

lobster, kuya
locate, v. t., ita; l. inside, kshéwa,

pl. éwa, fwa; l. inside, into, within,
long obj., kshékuga, kshéla, pl. or
coll, ikuga; 7. within again, ikuak-
péli; 7. upon, ilhi; located underneath,
Surther down, yantani, yanani, yé-
na=kanf,

location, ef. place, spot; former /.

of a lodge, house, shloképash; of a
sweat-lodge, sli’mdamd-wash.

lock, hushakiétkish; / of a gun,

shliuldlash.

lock, v.t., hushdkia; /. wp, sptlhi, pl.

ilhi; to return from locking up, spul-
hitka; 1. oneself up or in, hushpali.

locksmith, laki’sh=shishatish.
lodge, s; generic: place to dwell in,

tchi’sh; wa‘sh; Indian /., usually
made from bent boughs, latchash,
Mod. stina’sh; to build one, latcha,
Mod. stind-a; willow-framed 1, KI.
stina’sh; covered with rush-mats,
sté-ulash ; little willow-l., KA. sti-
naga; im or to one’s L., cabin or
camp, hi, hi’, 1; i, into, or here in
the 1., lita; assemblage of lodges,
tehi’sh; brush-l., heshkatchki’ mish;
pine-brush 1, kapka-stina’sh, kapka-
tehi‘sh; communal l. for dances,
kshiulakgish; for councils, né-ulak-
gish; /. covered with mats of sedge-
grass, l6tesh; small lodges being
often called after the kind of mats
covering them; /. open at the top, lia-
shyimmish, Mod. hashyamnash; /.
where provisions are kept, ipaksh;
pole- or skin-l, sht’klaksh; smail-

600

est kind of 1., kayata; to erect one,
kaydtala; imhabitant of a kaydta,
kAtni; swmmer-l., made of boards,
uképélaksh; to buildone, ug hi’ plya;
winter-l., luldamalaksh; wa‘sh; cover
of winter-l., kaishtish; to open it,
kaishnila, Mod.shla-ukidla; to close
it, kd-ishna, utétchkia, Mod. shla-
ukipéle; l.-pole, l.-pillar, walash, stu-
tilash; hole scooped out for al, walk-
ish; to throw into the 1, puclhi.

lodge, v.i., makléza; tehia, tehiz6-
ga, pl. wa, widshuga ; /. with some-
body at night, shetdlya.

lofty, atini, abbr. ati.

, 8, felled or fallen tree, bimpoks,

Anku; /.-house, Anku-latchash, Mod.

log

himpoks-stina’sh ; pitch-pine 1, ka-
tehna; /-cock, wakwakinsh.

loin, of man, kéto; /-cloth, katlish.

lonely, lonesome; to be 1, shakam-
shia; to be I. through fear, shikam-
shinea.

long, adj., /-stretching, atini, abbr.
ati; muni; 2. and tall, atini, abbr.
ati; 1 and hollow-shaped, vunsha-
kaptchi; l-headed, vultchikish ; to
be 1. and slim, said of animals, iké-
liv’kéla; as l. as, to the length of, pa-
nini; whenady., pani; /. conjurer’s
arrow, hiinii‘sish Cf. long, adv.

long, adv., for a/. time, past and fut-
ure, ma’ ntch, mantchak; so /. a time,
kanktak; all day l., waftan; l. since,
gahak, t’na gin; ma/ntch-gitko; no
longer, ka-i pen; to talk for al. time,
ttm wiltka; /. ago, ef. ago.

long for, v.t., tié’ma. Cf. desire.

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

look, v.i, tdélshna; shléa; 1. here!

haggi! hé-{! pl. haggat! 1. about,
around, telshampka, kmaka, sha-
talki4mna; 1. about quickly, tchél-
tchela; /. at, télhi, shléa; /. at one-
self, hashuatana; 1. at again, shlé-
péle; 1. at who comes in, le'ltki; 1.
at from a distance, shlépopka, tel-
shampka; /. at closely, observe,
shlépopka; 1. backward, behind one-
self, shetdlpéli; 1. down, downward,
yina télshna, shataltila; constantly,
shataltiltamna; . down on, upon,
télha, télhi, telo’li; 2 for, seek,
search, ka-iha, haitchna; 1. into a
person’s face, talpatka: closely, tal-
pakpka; Ll like, appear as, télha;
ne'pka; one who looks alike, ha-
ktchamptchi; gémptchi, ha’mtchi;
cf. alike to; 2. on, télha; as a spec-
tator, ndshama-a; 1. out for, walya,
haftchna, ka-iha; /. out ahead, for-
ward, shatalidya; /. out from under
a cover, etc. talpatkdéla; 1. over,
examine, shuawina; 1. sad, like one
bereaved, shlamia, latka; . through
a tube, talsya; 0. up, upward, sky-
ward, télikualya, p'laf télshna.

look, s.; to have a 1. at, télshna ;. to
fix one’s looks upon, telshampka;
tucktueka,

looking-glass, shétaluash.

lookout; to be on the l., gayaya,
kmaka, ké-iha, wi’hlta; to return
From the 1, kayaktka.

loon, Colymbus torquatus, taplal.

loop, shlikalaksh; fo make a 1,
shlikalya.

lodge—lynx.

loose, ké-uni; shletanatko; /. cover,
shléthish; to get, become 1, ndé-
ushka; to let l., tashka; to put on L.,
shlétana. .

loosely, ké-una; fitting 1., shleta-
natko; to cover l., shlétana.

lord, lakf; the Lord, p’laikni lakt,
plaitalkni laki, p’laitalkni.

lose, v.t., long obj, shnikita; fo be
deprived of, stant’tchna; in Mod.
also: stéwa; 1, waste, shnekégi; 1.
children by death, said of father,
tchakléza, Mod. tehdkéla; said of
mother, klekdla, pl. lepkléka; /.
froma set or from its place, héshka;
lL, as from a side-pocket, shnekégi,
shnindi’dshna; /. at a game, udt-
yua, when used passively; /. part
of what is staked in a game, shatcha-
tka; 1. all that is staked successively,
witchpka; /. flesh, shiiisha; to make
l, deprive of, stant'tchna; to be lost,
stolen, laki; to be lost, astray, inan.,
yo-ishi; to be lost while straying,
anim., lwlamna, lékanka, Idlalza.

loss, s.; to be at a 1., 1é wak shayua-
kta, abbr. léwak, lii’wak.

Lost River, nom. pr., Koéke.

loud, adj.; ef. aloud.

lounge, v. i; 1 about, yampka,
tchuyéma.

lounger, yampkash, techuyémash.

louse, head-l, kétash; young 1.,
gapnedga.

love, s.; no ex. eq.: to be in L. with,
shudnui; witchta, witchna; to make
l. to, shulddkua.

love, v.t., anim. obj., stinta, shudnui;

601

/. a person of the opposite sex, witchta,
witchna; /. each other, hishtanta; 1.
oneself, hishtanta. Cf. like, v.
low, adj., said of lands, te’hlte’hh,
teltélhi; 1, near the ground, wigani;
of 1. stature, wigani; of I. character,
ktidshistefnash; tehektchéki, teha-
‘kalsh, sha’tptchi; 7. plate, vase, wika-
mua; /.-topped,as moccasins, wi-uka
stalégatko; to speak 1 -voiced, laklak-
pka, Icklekpka. Cf. lower.
lower, nether, yantani; 1. part of,
yantani; somebody, something at
the 1. end, below, yana=kani, yana-
ni; 2. jaw, shimam kéko i-uttila;
native of a l. country, dweller on 1.
course of river, yanakni; to be at the
1. end, extremity, yumadsha,
lower, v.t. élya, unéga.
lowland, tehlt@hli kifla; native,
inhabitant of al, yandkni.
luck, s.; to havel, tinya, tidsh tinza.
lucky, i-atklish; tinzantko, tidsh
tinyantko; he, she is 1, tidsh tinza.
ludicrous, wetishptchi.
lukewarm, Idékuash; to be 1, lukua.
lull, s.; to take al, kedshikéla.
lumber, papkash; what is made of 1.,
as a wall, ete., papkash; /. dam, pa-
plish.
lum p; united in the same 1. or bunch,
shantchaktantko, tehipkatko. Cf.
bunch.
lunation, lunar month, shapash.
lungs, tushdkash.
lurk, v.i.; to watch while lying in am-
Cf. ambush.
lynx, and hide of 1., shlda.

bush, walza.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY,

M.

mad, lékatko; Iékish; to be m., léka.
madden, vy.
dened, \ékish.

magazine, especially of provisions,

t., shnikdlua; mad-

ipaksh; sablerranean m., tpaksh,
vumf, vumish, p’ndnkuish.

maggot, milk, dim. mi’lkaga.

magic, adj.; m. song, kitksam shu-
ish; m. song of conjurer or of those
initiated, shui’sh; m. help of the con-
jurer, mutluash; to sing m. songs wn-
interruptedly, shiunttna. Cf. ta-
manuash.

magpie, Pica hudsonica, wékwek-
ash; another species, Pica melano-

leuca, kii’teh.
maid, shiwdga; teina, te-iniwa-ash;

old m., shiwamtch.

Cf. girl.

mail, v. t., shnigdta, shnigo’tehna;

éna; the letter is mailed, pipa gt-
udshna.

maize, Indian corn; m.-ear and m.-

grain, ishalk, i’stak; m.-stalk, ishal-
kam, Mod. tkap, kap.

make, v.t., to produce, create, shita;
lo begin to m., shuteycga; m. while

traveling, shutédshna; im. come, |

anim. obj., ginkanka; m. go, said |

of persons, ¢na, ginkanka, pl of |
long-shaped obj., persons, fdsha;_
m. fine by grinding, ete., lulina; m.
hh, hiéka; m. known, shapa; m |

learn, teach, lashiuga; m. motions,

shiktka, shiwina; ef. motion; m.
mountains, hills, yainala; m. off, hu-
dsha, hidshna; etikaka, gt’shka;
m. peace, shutanka; m. one’s way
into, gutéga.

maker, shtshatish; heavenly im., ef.
creator.

malaria, tushtushish.

male, adj.; person uf the m. sex, li-
shuaksh, Mod. hishudtehyash; we.

animal, lakt, dim. lakiaga

oD

son wielding power, laki; m. descen-

5 Mt. per-

dant, vimak, wéash.

mallard duck, Anas boschas, wé-
kash.

mallet, upatndtkish.

man, in the sense of person, mak-
laks; of Indian person, maklaks; in
the sense of male person, hishuaksh,
Mod. hishudtehyash; adult m., his-
huaksh, muni; fighting m., young
warrior, hishuaksh; young m.unmar-
ried, tchiluish, dim. tchilluyaga;
m just married and not father yet,
skipukak; married m. who has no
children, skapuksh; married m. who
has one child, sgt'tch; old m., kmi-
tchish, k’mutchatko, k’mutchéwa-
tko, t’shifka, t’shika-Aga, t’shika-
amtch; fellow-m., maklaks-shitko.

manage, v.t., hashtaltampka, shu-
alalidmpka, né-ulza.

manager, hashtaltampkatko, lakt.

mad—marry.

mane, s., ka’m’tam kshéluish, kshé-
luish; wAmélhiuish, shudnshakluish;
lower end of m, withers, wakaluish.

manger, hashpo’tkish.

maniac, tchawikatko; to be a m,
shawiga, tchawika.

manifold, shantchaktantko.

manner; no ex. eq: m this m., in
such a m., ga-asht; nd-asht, Mod.
né-asht; gén géntch; hiimasht;
making verbatim quotations,
na-asht, Mod. kie, né-asht; in which
m., dem. and interr., wak,
wak gisht; emphatic, wikai, wak- |
aitch; in the same m., equally, like-_
wise, himashtak, himtsantka,
kaktoksh, shthank-shitko ; in some-
body’s m., yalank, ef. ila; in no m.,

in

ke,

wakgi,

wa-

kayak.

antle, especially skin-m., skt-
skutia,
kafliulam |

tash; to dress in it, skiita,
ski’'tehala; fur-skin m.,
skutash; m. made of rabbit or other
skins, sort of m. made of |
swamp-grasses, tilalui; m., a kind
of, pika. Cf. nee =
anufacture, v.t., shuta; m.
a purpose, shutéla; m. a blanket, cou- |
erlet, etc., from patches, ete., skt’- |
tchala; m. a scoop-net, witchdlashla. er
shushatish. |
|
|

kafliu;

m We or

manufacturer,
many, timi; so m. kank, kanktak,
kanni, tank, tanni; ey m., ttimi (u |

Polancedy how m. ? thnk? ténni? |
not m., kinkani, abbr.
kak, tumiiga; m. months or years

ago, tank, ma’ntch-gitko; m. times,

kinka; kin-

tiiméni.

imarch,s., génuish, q: v.;

603

manzanita bush, padshavam.

marble, uka’sh.
march, v.i, generic: géna, timé-

nti; m. around a lake, ete., edluan-
tcha; m. or follow behind, gashak-
tchna; travel in file, hishkanteh-
na, kintehna; m. on after a descent,

Me,

gélyalka; m. out for warfare, guté-
dsha Cf. go, proceed, set out,

travel, v.

to be on a
m, tamént.

March, tatyélamni, Mod.
tyalamni, ‘“‘the middle finger,”

nom. pr.;
cor-
responds inaccurately to our month
of March.

or ndshilo;

mare, ndshilo watch,
m.-colt, ndshiluaga watch; mare's

Cf. horse.
to provide with
shimalua ;

Joal, watch lalaé-a.
mark, shtimaluash;
marks,

dots, provided

with distinguishing marks, shumalu-

akitko; writing m., shimaluash; m
to shoot at, we-uzalkish. Cf. dot, v.
and s.

mark, v.t, shtimalua; m. the face

with apis oh paint, ares
markmanship; to try m., shldokla.
marriage, shumpséalsh; ralaied by
.. Shumalgaltko.
marrow Renae lo’k.
marry, v. t.; said of both sexes,
mbushéala, Sawenydalhy the
same person again, mbushéalpéli;
to be married, to be in the married
state, mbushéala;
only, shnawédshla, Mod. shnawe-
dshashla and shnawedshadla; we-

mM.

m., said of men

604

wanuishla; i., of females only, la-
kiala; hishudkshla, K1. hishuateh-
yishla; m. in the sense of to unite
a couple in wedlock, shnumpshéala;
married man, hishuaksh, mbushé-
altko; married female, shnawedsh,
pl. wéwanuish; woman recently mar-
ried, young wife, te-iniwa-ash; mar-
ried to, mbushéaltko;
married man or woman, shumshea-
lémantko. Cf. man,

marsh, tehyashétko; hiuhiush.

marshy, hiuhiwatko; m. tract of
land, sliiteh, tehyashctko; m., soft
ground, hiuhiush.

mbtshni,

Mustela
: = : =f;
americana, pe p, archaic term: ske’];
“Old Marten,” nom. pr. of a mythic
animal, Skélamtch; species of black

marten; pine-m., sable,

m., walyatchaga; dressed in the skin
of this m., walyatchkatko.
martingale, Ikéshkish.
mash, v.t; m. fine by means of a
pestle, stone, gama, stapka; m. fine
upon the mealing stone, lematchatka

yulaléna; pcéksha; mv. up, as grains

in a mortar, ndshipka, tatehapka;

m., break, dash, ndshapka; m., crush,
, . . .
skttya; m. with a piece of wood,

ndika; m., crush, hictala; m., man-

gle, yadshapka; m up with some-
thing else, to mix up, stéwa; m. up,

long obj., ukéwa.

mass up, v. i, liwa; shukit’lki, |

a ° , |
shit’lagia; to be massed up, liwa, li-

upka. Cf. assemble, gather, v. i.

,

master, lakt; of a slave, ptchiwip.

masticate, v.t., ef. chew, v.

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

mat, shlé-ish; coarsebulrush or tule m.
for covering lodges, ete., lAptak, K1.
shla-ish; mé-i shlé-ish, abbr. mé-i;
m. to cover lodges, shlétvhish; m. of
bulrush, tule m.,stapsh, sté-ulash; m.
of sedge-grass, \étesh; (small lodges
are called like the mats covering
them); fur-skin m., kafliu.

match, asin English; m.-boz, shli-
kuyétkish; rough surface to strike
matches on, shlikuyétkish ; to strike
a m., shlikui.

matter; no ex. eq.: what is the m.?
wak lish?

mature, v.i., ndka; to let m., shni-
kanua.

matutinal, una‘kni.

maw, nkash; shufdshash.

May; expressed inaccurately by the
instr. case kaptchatka, of kaptcha,
q. V.

may be, wakianhua. Cf. chance,
perhaps.

ine and to me, nish, abbr. ish, i’sh.

meadow, saiga, d. saikaga; wet m.,
slititch, techyashétko.

meager, shttishatko; pa’hlaksh, pa-
patkawatko, skakawash ; to look m.,
pahalka; to become m., shuisha. Cf.

lean.

meal, pash; to have am, pashita,
viita, pan, paka, pa-ula. Cf con-
sume, eat, v.

mealing stone, lématch; with
a deeper hollow, tinua; the small
m. s. used upon the larger one,

shilaklkish, peé’ksh.

mean, of low character, papalish,

marsh—messenger. - 605

sha’t, sha’tptchi, kiidshi stefnash,
tehektehckli; m. person, tchakalsh.

meander, vy. .1; to proceed in a
meandering line, kinuina; to move,
Sly in a meandering line, kakidsha.

measles, gittyaksh; eruption caused
by m., tchimtash; to be ill with the
m., gi'tkea.

measure, v. t., by length, hishzél-
tlya; instrument for measuring,
measuring stick, skilulyétkish.

meat, tehtléksh.

medicament, ya-uks.

medicine, drug, ya-uks; ‘“medi-
cine-man,” kiuks, cf. conjurer;

‘““medicine-song,” shui’sh; ya-uks; |

to give, prescribe m., ya-uka.

meet, v.t; m. accidentally, gawal;
m. at one’s home, gelidanka, geli-
danktcha; m., both parties coming
towards cach other, hushtanka; m.
Jrom opposite directions, hushtinka,
Mod. shitanka; m. as friends, geli-
danka; m. in a friendly or hostile
intention, galdshui, galdshéwia; m.
with others, shléa, shukt‘lki, sha-
latchgudla; m. by arrangement, at a
rendezvous, shakemiwa; m. again,
a second time, gawina, shlé-ipéle;
m. m council, shitanktpa; m. whale
running, hupakléya; to go to m. se-
cretly, hushtitanka.

meet, v.i., assemble, shukt’lki; in
larger numbers, liwa, littpka; m.
again, shukt'Tkipéle.

meeting, shuk@'lkish; m.-place,
shit’Ikish, shulfIkish; m.-place for
councils, debates, waltkétkish.

melody, shui'sh.

melt, v.t., shnatchika; m., as lead,
tallow, stilya; m. in a pan, ladle,
shulala.

melt, v.i.; m. as ice, snow, tchttya,
Kl tchutchéya; to commence to m.,
tchutcheyéga; m by fire, heat, na-
tchadka; m. off at the bottom of cook-
ing utensils, natsagitla.

memory, hushkanksh, in Mod.
also: kéypash.

menace, v. t., htishipéle.

mend, v. t., t patch, ndkia; patch
Jor mending, nakish.

menstruate, v.i, yulina; mika;
m. for the first time, sttpui.

menstruation, first, sttipuish,
pilpil.

mental faculty, hdshkanksh,
in Mod. also: kézpash.

merchant, shéshatuish.

mercurial, tcheltchelatko.

merely, adv., ak, -ak, hak, -hak;
tala, abbr. ta, -ta; when referring
to the verb of the sentence, pfla.
Cialk No 2) @and (4). but.
just, adv.

meridian-line; fo be in the m.-l.,
said of the sun, shewatya; to have
passed the m.-l., shewatytila.

merry; cf. glad, rejoice, v.

message, stiltish; if containing an
order, né-ulaksh, tpéwash; to con-
vey a m. to, stiltpa, stiltehna, stil-
shampéli.

messenger, stilkakuish; fo an-
nounce in the quality of a m., stil-
tehka, stiltchna.

606 LD
get

watiti.

me tchikémen; in Mod. also

ktcha’].

hii’ma, Mod. méwa.

meteor,

m@W, V. I.,

Mexican, nom. pr., Spaniolkni.

mid-afternoon;
wld‘Ta.

it is mM-a., ga-

midday; cf. noon.

middle, adj. tyalamni;
standing, being in the m., tatzéla-
mni, Mod. tzalamni; being halfways,
tyalampani; m. finger, tatyélamni,
Mod. tyélamni. Cf. midst.

midnight, and atm., pshin tatyélam.

Ter ee,

im the m.,

and s.,

ginkiamnish.,

f-ukak; half
tydlampani,

of, when

midst; adv.,
ways, adj. and

Kl and Mod.;

adv.,
mm the m.

on same level, tydlam, KI. tatzé-
lam, prep. and postp.; often ex-

pressed by verbal suffixes, as -sza;
through the m. of, tzalamtana; being,
standing, ete., in the m., tzalamni,
Ki]. tatyélamni.

and to be a m, petila.
might, s., litchlitchli, killitko.
litehlitehli, killitko; muni.

midwife,

mighty,
migrate, v.
gle,

former place, medshampéli.

médsha, shemashla; »

milk, édshash.
mill;

0’tkish;

grist-m., gama-pala-ash, gam-

coffee-m., gamo’tkish.

mit lite pie mpatash.

min a. ., htshkanksh, KI. and Mod.,
ee Mod.; sometimes ren-
dered by heart, steinash ; his,

her m., unt.

i., with family or sin-—
a. to the

NGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

mind,

v t., to think of, hishkanka;

| never m.! &’tch!

‘mine, pron. poss; ef. my.

mine, s., m-shaft, ibutékatko; m.-
tunnel, gallery, stu.

mine, v. t., kiiila shita; yépa, Mod.
ibéna.

miner, kéafla-shushatish ;
m., kiifla shita.

mingle,

to be a

v. t; said of solids, ka-
, mix with, solids and
liquids, stéwa, kéwa; m., objects
differing in quality, shi’kla. Cf.

mix, V.

tchaga; m.

/

mink, Putorius vison, klipa.
minnow, fish of genus Phoxinus,

kétaksh.
dyin ve Ie,
Mirror;

tupéna.
shétaluash.
miry, tupéshti; fo be m., tupéna.

mischievous, ku-idshi stefnash,
kttidshi; te caeaens létalani. Cf bad.
OMe usly, ki.
miserable, in distress, y
yualkish; good for nothing, ktidshi.
‘misrepresent, v t.,atchiga;
wala, shikita.
Vite
kai’ hha,

ree
yanhuani,

shé-

ni is's5 , gayatgdla; m. the aim,

shakfha; m. the mark in

direction, ytitlanshna; m. each other,

shakfha; m. through absence or dis-
appearance of, salakia, galala.

m isshaped, ktidshi.

lvash;

mist, m.-like, having the ap-

pearance of m., washptehi; to be clad,

covered with m., temdla; to produce,

make m. at will, limalya.

mistletoe, néwal.

metal—moreover.

mistress of slave, ptchiwip.

misty; iis m., lua.

mitten, népesh. :

mix, v. t.; m. up, solids, katchaga;
m. in, as into liquids, kéwa, kituini;
m. with, m. up, solids and liquids,

, . |
stéwa; with water, st¢wa; m. to-.
gether, obj. differing among them-_
selves, sht’kla; to be mixed with

others, anim., tchawina, pl. shi’kla;

person of mixed blood, tyAlamni mAa- |

klaks.
mixture, shtkalsh
moan, v.i., shaydala.
moccasin, wakshna; to put on,

Cf. mingle

wear moccasins, wakshna.
mocking-bird, yukiak.
Modoc, adj. and s.; M. country, at

southern and southeastern end of

M. Lake, Mo’dokisham kifla, Méa-
tak; M. Indian, Mo’dokni, Mo’do-
kish, with or without maklaks (in
Pit River language, Lutudmi ish);
M. Lake, also called Rhett Lake,
Tule Lake, nom. pr. loc.; Mo’dokni
K-ush, Méatak, Mayaltko E-ush,
Tulik Gn Pit R., Lutuami); I.
Point, nom. pr. of a promontory,
Mo’dok Point, Shuyake’kish; In-
dians at M. P., Shuyake’kshni.

moiety, one half of, tatyélampani,

. Mod. tzalampani; making up one m.,
tatyélampankani, na-igshtani, Mod.
tyalampankani, na‘gshtani.

moisten, v t., shmikalta, shmu-
katana.

Mélale Indian, nom.pr, Ktikni
maklaks, Kvikni.

607

j|molar tooth, kako.

mold; bullet m., ngé’sh- or shawalsh-

_ shute-dtkish.

mole,
tish, cf. népéli;

katla-shishatish; shtoshté-

mundna_ tatam-

| nuish; m.-hill, sttish; species of m
with long proboscis, stisi; another,

_mi’nk, Mod. mii-tie

moment; at the present m., at, atu,
Atutu, atui td, Mod. atui. Cf. time.

Monday, stndé-gitlla

money, in coin or notes, tala; sil-
ver m., palpali tala, paélpali tehike-
men; gold m., kikii’kli tala; m. owed,
ské-utish; provided wit m., mon-
eyed, talaltko; m.-bag, talalam wa-
koksh; to borrow m. and to loan m.,
tala vilya; to owe m., tala skiuta,
skitlka. Cf. coin, pay, v., silver.

monkey, niggalam shi-amoksh.

month; lunar m. and m. of our cal-
endar, shapash.

moon, shdpash; considered as a
changeable body, ukatkosh ; it is new
m., Shapash kleka; tt ts halfm., sha-

Cf. crescent

morals, sense of right and wrong,
steinash.

pash shukudshka.

morass, hfuhiush.

more, ady.; comparatives of ad-
jectives and adverbs are, though
‘in a few connections only, formed
by -ak, -hak, cf. ak No. 2 (3),
shkaini, winizi; once m., pen; 0 1.,
kditata, ké-i pé’n, gétak; no m.!
excl., at gétak! Mod.
tinktak! a little m., muiak.

|moreover, tchkash; tchi’sh.

kAnktak !

608

moribund; to be m, k’lekala, k’le-
kapkashtala telshampk:

morning, time of dawn, pii'ktei;
early in the m, una‘k; tina; in the
m., mbushant; on the early m. of next
day, mbti'shanak; on the next m.,
mbd'shant.

morsel, tchélézish, tchéletéyewish.

mortar, gamkish; stone-m., tanua.

moss, s.; yellow tree-m., Evernia
vulpina, shudé-usham; species of
tree-m., kal; rock-m., ktiyam sku-

Cf. lichen.

moth; species of nocturnal m. or but-
terfly, lgt’m-ldaklish, Mod. leti’m-
loliégish; other species: hintish,

Cf. butterfly.

other, p’gishap; m. whose children

are all alive, skiksap; deceased m.,

pgish-lilsh; m. of an infant just de-

tash.

képkap.
n

=

ceased, Wlekala; m. who lost two or
more children ly death, lapkléksh;
motherless, p’gish-lilatko; to become
am. uka‘kei, we'kala; mother’s
brother, pluki'tchip, said by neph-
ew and niece; mother’s sister, said
by nephew or niece, p’shakip;
mother’s elder brother's wife, p’gt'm-
zip, said by nephew or niece;
mother’s younger brother's child, said
by male cousin, p’tchti’kap; related
as m. to daughter, shepialtko.
mother-in-law, said by hus-
band of daughter, késhpaksh; said
by son’s wife, p’tt’tyap.
mother-of-pearl, shell of, ktchak,
lAktash; m.-o.-p. ornament, laktash;
m.-0.+p. cut mto oval ornaments, wa-

INGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

kash; two or several oblong orna-
ments of m.-o.-p. tied around neck,
shepukigatko.

motion; noex.eq.: to bemm., said
of a load, ete, shi’ptchna; fo make
motions, stir about, shiktka, shiwina;
to make a circular m., \éna; to put in
tremulous m., ulii-ikanka. Cf. hit, v.

motionless, tehdénshan.

moulder, v.i., shléka.

mouldy, shlézatko; to be, become
m., leli’ma; to become m., shlcka.

mound of earth; to make a m,
spiktchampka.

mount, v.t. and i.; ef. ascend, v.

mountain, yaina, dim. yaina-aga;
among the mountains, i wa, {-ukak;
m.-mahogany, yikmalam; m.-ridge,
-range, yaina; witchkatko; m.-sheep,
wiesh, Mod. ké+il; to create mount-
ains, yainala; to rise in the mount-
ains, as streams, tiundla; to stand,
be on a m., ef. eminence.

Mount Pitt, nom. pr. loc., Mlai-
ksini Yaina.
Mount Shasta, nom. pr. loc,
Mélaikshi; Shastzé’nini Yafna.
mourn, v. t., lila; m. somebody’s
death, luatpishla; to weep, cry in
mourning, sti’'tzishla, kayaiha

mourner; fo beam, lila; to weep
as am., kdyaiha, ludtpishla; cry of
a m., ludltpishlalsh.

mournful, yuyalkish, yuyalkish-
ptchi; to look m., shlamia, latka.

mouse; generic for other small-
est quadrupeds also: mt’nk; a spe-
cies, long-tailed, kélayua; a smaller

moribund—mud.

one, k’liiyuiga; species of forest or |

Jield-m., mikuaga, dim. mikukaga;

m.-hawk, tsi‘ktu. Cf. mole.
moustache, mputehlaluish, smd‘k;

wearing a m., shmdkaltko.
mouth, shii’m; m. of running waters,

sht’m, shumalkish; to blow out from |

m., wityndla; to hang down from
the m., lyet’knila; to pass from one
end of m
na; to put into, have, or roll in the
m. an obj. protruding from it, kpia-
mna; not protruding from it, shik-
pualkina; to revolve within the m.,
kptiyumna; fo see somebody re-
moving from his m., spitting out, tilu-
takniila; to see somebody putting

Sood in his m., tilétakna; to squirt |

Jrom the m., kpitehna.

move, v.t.; m. or push, to give a
push to, ktiuga; m. the feet quickly,
spukanka, putchkénka; m the fin-
gers ito, around, over, kidkuga,
Mod. kianéga; m. forward, round
obj., lo’tkala; m. round or bulky
obj. lifted up at one end, liwakanka ;
m. on, as a table in a room, sha-
lashla; m. the tongue in and out for
mockery, shepélua; m. towards an
object resting on the ground, shi-
tchalshui.

move, v. 1.; generic: géna; m. in
any direction, inan., pitkala; ma. |

about, stir, shiktka, shiwina; if said
of a plurality of animals, wa; m.
about, be wafted about, lidshna; m.
along while leaning on «a stich, ete.,

shémtcha; m. away from place of

39

to the other, shalalali- |

609

residence, médsha; to the former
place again, medshampéli; m. in a
circle, m. around, gaki’ ma, léna, niul-
gidsha, talkidsha; ef. whirl, v. t.
and i.; to be moved off by circular
motion, lemewilya; m. like a clock
pendulum, nutékakua, vutékakua;
m. downwards, ni'lidsha; m. or flit
into distance, ni’dsha, nti’dshna,
ntlidsha; m. forth and back, yula-
léna; ef. swing, v.; m. forward in a
crouching position, ktchitcha, sha-
waltanka; m.on, géna, léna; inan.,
pitkala; mm. along an obj. while pick-
ing at it, piupititana; m. slowly to-
ward, zinta; m.slowly up, as clouds,
spitkala; m. through the air, shu-
walza, shuwadlktcha, htintchna; ef.
flit, v.; projectiles, missiles, yi-
dshna; m. upwards, ga-tla; m.
in winding, meandering lines, kakti-
dsha, kinuina; to see moving, tilo’-
dsha; moved away, removed, lé’ntko.

mow, v.t., mulina, Mod. mii’shka.
Cf. scythe.

! e , . ,
much, adj., timi, tim; so m., tank,

tinni; kaénk, kAnni; too m., timi
(u prolonged); how m.? tank? tan-
ni? not m., not many, a little, kinka,
tankak, tumidga, wika; ef. few.
much, adv., ka-a, mi, tim; when
indicating gradation, -ak, -hak; in
the sense of: by far, a great deal, att;
so m., that m., tank, kank, kénktak,
; too m., tim tebatchui.

Oe
d°

ka,
mucus, shni‘ysh, Mod. shné’zash;
to remove the m., shni'ya.
mud, kiiila; po’ks, tupesh; full of

610

m. tupéshti; m.-house or winter
lodge, Waldamalaksh; to erect a m.-
lodge, luldemalya; m.-puddle, mit'l-
mulatko; to haul m., dirt, kiiflala.

muddy, kuytimatko; tupéshti; m.
water or ground, kuytimash; im.
place, tipesh; to be or become m.,
kuytima; fo be m., tupéna.

mud-hen; ef. coot

mug, pokudga.

mule, limi’l; m.-deer, Cervus ma-
crotis, pakélesh.

multicolored; to bem., ktchalui;
m., as the result of selection made,
hushkalyanatko.

murder, v. t, shiuga, pl. hush-
tchéka, Itela, Mod. pl. Ihela, shu-
énka, heshyii’ki; m. each other, hush-
tchéka; m. a few only, hushtcho’k-

’huya. Cf. kill, slay.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

murky, said of sky, ete., tiptipli,
limlimli.

murmur, v i, hii’ma, pélpela.

muscle, m. of body, tchileksh; cf.
kmitik; mollusk, klé’dshu; m.-shell,
klé’dshuam wikoksh.

mushroom, species of, lémé’sham.

music, heshémitkish.

musquito, tehiniiksh; m.-hawk, cf.
dragon-fly.

musty, shlékatko, ndtpatko, kui
piluitko, piluitko; to be m., ndépa;
to be or become m., shléka.

my and mine, gé-u; belonging to me
alone, gé-u tala; my own, g¢-utak,
oé-utoks; my wife, gé-u sndwedsh.

myself, nitak; Z for m., ni giank,
contr, nink; nutagidngei.

myth, mythologic fiction, shashap-
kélé-ash; m.-teller, shashapkélé-ish.

ING.

nail, sdkta; of iron or other metal,
tchikémen; finger-, toe-n., shte’ksh.

nail down, v.t. mpatia tehikémi-
nitka.

naked, kéliak shuldtish;
ko’ks, péniak.

name; proper n., shéshash; to give a
n., call by n., shésha, shéshash ¢lya;
Clya, d. a’-alya; to call oneself by n.,
to give a n. to oneself, shedlya; hav-
ing n., by the n. of, so-called, thus
named, na-asht shéshatko, Mod né-

péniak

asht shéshatko, or simply shdsha-
tko, shéshash.

name, v.t., shésha, shéshash élya,
élya; named, shéshatko.

nap, tuidsh; to take a n., tiidsha.

narcotic; x. part of wild hemp,
shlé’dsh; another kind of x. vegetal
product, kiilyamsh.

narrate, v.t., stories, myths, sha-
shapkélia.

narrative, shashapkélé-ash,

narrator, shashapkélé-ish.

narrow, kitcha kinkutko.

native, adj.; myn. land, eé-u kiiila.

native, s.; 2. of that place, gitikni;
n. of a distant place, tikni, ti’shni;

muddy —net.

n. of a lowland, yanakni; n. of an
upland, p’laikni. In tribal names,
n. is expressed by the suffixes -kni,
-wash appended to local names: ».
of Rogue River Valley, WAlamskni,
W alamswash.

Natural Bridge, nom. pr. loc.
Slinkdsh, Tchussnini Slinkosh,
Tilhudntko.

navel, téksh yAntant, tdksh.

near, ady., wika; x. by, gi’ta, hiya,
wigitan; . home, camp, tiwag; m-
the ground, soil, wika; nearest to,
einatani; the adv. and prep. m. is
often expressed by verbal suffixes:
to be n., about, tkAlamna, du. ludla-
mna, pl. liilamna; to come n., gak-
idmna; to be or stand n., and n. the
water, taliga; ef. around.

neat, clean, tsuktsikli.

neck of persons and animals, ni’sh;
to place, tie around one’s n., sha-
ukiga; to wear on n., shepukaga,;
tied around n., shepukagatko.

necklace, yaémnash, i’mnaks; ».
of shells, shnawa’‘kish; n., usually
of colored beads, shankdkash; 1.
of bird-claws, tsi’ksam shte’ksh; to
put on, wear an. of shells, shnawa'ka;
to wear an. of birds’ bills, shimalua.
Cf. neckweavr.

necktie, sdalkakish.

neckwear, yémnash, i’mnaks, shan-
kAkash; to manufacture n.,. yamna-
shla; ”. of shells, shnawa’kish; to
put on an. of shells, shnawa‘ka;
wearing n., shnawikitko; to use

bird-bills as n., shimalua; to have n. |

611

on, yamnash shulitamna,; to put on
n. while going, yamnash shulud-
tehna.
need, s.; to be in n., yualka, kamp-
ka; to stand in n. of, haméni, sha-
na-uli. Cf. lack, v.
needle; sewing n., spekandtkish,
Mod. spikanash; wood- or steel-n.
to make mats, stapétkish; n. of the
pine-tree, spami.
negotiate, v. t., shttanka.
negotiation, shutankish; imstru-
ment for n., shutankétkish; to meet
for n., shutanktpa; to begin negotia-
tions, hashashuakitampka, shutank-
tampka; to close them, shutankula.
negotiator, and peace-n., shushu-
tankish.
negro, waiha; nigga.
neigh, v.i., hii’ma.
neighbor, tupeluish; in the sense
of friend, companion, shitchlip,
Mod.; of fellow-man, méiklaks-shi-
tko; to be neighbors, hashtaltélam-
pka.
nephew, cf. brother, sister.
nervous, to be, v.i, tehtizatza.
nest; bird’s n., shnilash.
net; fishing-n. of any kind, tchalash ;
sort of dip-n., upandtkish; scoop,dip-
ordrag-n. with a handle,téwash; large
drag-n. with a handle, witchdlash;
dip-n., drag-n. with wide meshes, té-
wash witchdélash; with small meshes,
Ja-iks witchdélash; dip- or drag-n.,
round - shaped,
“meshed, \a-iks lutéash, or simply
la-iks; to |

lutéash; if small-

make a witchdlash-z.

612

and to fish with it, witchdlashla; to
Jish with any sort of n., utehin; large |
Jish-n., mii‘tchenesh; hair-n., tchat- |
yish; small-n, seed-n., ete., takish.
Cf. tish,
nether,
Cf. inferior, lower.

s. and y.

yana-kani, yanani, yanta-
hi.

never, kayutch; ka-itata, ka-i tata,
kayak.

new, té-ini; fresh, young, ntchalkni.

newly, nia, uma, té-in. Cf. ago.

newspaper, pipa.

newt, lii-a-Ambotkish.

next; ” to, ginatani; who, which
comes n., tlipeluish; the other or n.
one, na’dsh, nash, nayensh; the n. |
one after or following, tapini; on the
n. day, mbishant; 2. house, nearest
lodge, ttipeluish; to be n. in order,
tupelui.

Nez-Percé Indian, nom. pr.,
Yamakni maiklaks, Yamakni.

nibble, v. t.; 2. at, kuakakshka; n.
off small particles from a surface,

kueknoéla.
nice, mt tidshi, tidshi.
nicely, tidsh.
nickname; having a n., huna’shak |
shéshatko.
nictate, v.i., kélamtchtimna, shue-
kaptcha; ». with one eye, knadshi-
kia; n. with one or both eyes, shki-
tchiwa; 2 once only, shakélamtcha.

niece, ef. brother, sister.
niggardly, widshikish; fo be n.,
widshika.

night, pshin; atn., pshin, spunii’ksh;
all n. long, nishta; during the same.

nine,

ENGLISH —-KLAMATHIT DICTIONARY.

n., nishtak; at n.-fall, litki; it is late
at n., spunéga; it is getting late at
n., spunckla; to pass the n. away
From home, makléza; while traveling,
miktcha, maktehna; a day and n.
ensuing, waitash; to pass a day and
an. ensuing, watta.

night-heron, Nyctiardea Gar-
denti, sho’ksh.

Nilaks Mountain, nom. pr,
Nilakshi; native of N., settled at N
Mountain ridge, Nilakskni.

Mod.
ninefold, na‘’dsyeksh pikalaksh; 7.
times, nadsyekshtinkni, Mod. ske-
kishtankni.

nineteen, te-unepanta na dszeks,
adding pé-ula, likla, etc., Mod. te-

na’ dsyeks, skékish;

unepanta skcékish, adding pé-ula,
liklatko, ete.

ninety, nadsyekshtankni té-uniip,
Mod. skekishtankni té-uniip.

ninth; one x. part, na’ dsyeksh shék-
tatyatko.

nipple, (édsham) lawalash.

no, often expressed by ka-i; no!
ka-i! m. longer, n. more, ka-i pen,
ka-itata; at n time, kayutch, ké-
itata, kayak; im 1. manner, kayak;
at n place, ka-itata.

noble, tidshi

nobly, tidsh.

nod, v.i, etkana, Utk’titka, wankudn-
ka.

noise, timénash; bad n., k6-i timé-
nash; fo make n., hiimdla; yauya-

ya-uya, Iti, Ilula, walta;

tchiluyéza; n. of falling waters, tiw-

wa,

nether—number.

ish; to make n.
wiltka; to produce, emit n., hii’ma;

elementary n., shtchayashla; to rush |

down with n., as water, tiwi. Cf.
clatter, rattle, v.

noisy; n. fellow, sheshzeila-ash; to

ben., auyawa, tehiluyéza;
to behave noisily, ki’la, sheshzé'la.

none; nobody, no one, kaé-i kant,
kaitua; 2., referring to inan., kaftua.
Cf. no, not.

noon, pséksh, shewatyash; at
time, ialiowitiyasliilee it is n., shewa-
tya, Mod. gé-ulapka.

noose, shlikalaksh;
shlukalza.

north, yamat; northwards and from
the n., yamat; coming from, born in,
native of the n., yamakni.

northeast, yéwat (or lupit) ké-
tcha yamatitala.

northeast wind, tchakinksh.

northern, yamakni.

Northerner, and Northern people,

ya-uya, y
~ oe ~

n.-

to make a n.,

yamakni.
northwest, tzdlam kétcha yama-

titala.
northwest wind, gt’pashtish.
north wind, yamash; when person- |
ified, Yamash, the n. w. blows, yama;
while the n. w. blows, y -amashtka.
nose, pshi’sh; point, end of n., pshi’sh
iwdlan; x.-ring of beads, shipkgish;
n.-ornament, n.-quill, she lyish; wear-
ing a n.-ornament, shélkantko ;
imsert into the perforated n., hush-
kalka; to blow the n., shni‘za psi‘sh,
shni’za ;

by talking loudly, |

to |

to put the n. about, as ani- |

613

mals, shnikshékshuka; to show the

long n., shepdlua; to snuff up into

the n., plattan shni'ya; to wipe the n.

| witha handkerchief, psish shiashka,

nostril, pshfsham ginszdntko, pshf-

sham eiachyebe both nostrils, ho-

_ kno’tkish.

not, ka-i; putative negation: le, li;
probably n., le ak; n. at all, kayak;
n. yet, not at the time being, kayuteh;
kayu, kayu, kayak; w. a person or
thing, kaitua; n. to be on hand,
present, ki’oi; n. to see, find, dis-
cover, perceive, léshma.

notch, s,, sti’klkish; ktek’hiehétko;
n. to insert arrow-head, tulish. Cf.
incision.

notch, v. t. ktékhiehé, ktepcta,
ktuizi; notched, sti/kshaltko; to rub
a notched stick, as done at war-

danees, uldkasha.

nothing, kaitua; for n., scot-free,
huna’shak.

notice, v. t. shlépopka, shem-

tchalya; shléa; n. again, shlépéle;
n. at a distance, shleé'pka, shlépopka.
notify, v. t, shapiya; fully,
shapiytila; to commence, cease notify-
ing, sShapitampka, shapiy tila.
‘November; ; inaccurately rendered
by feeprenie lan shindktish, q. v.
now, at, ; at pen; atiu, atu,
Mod. atui; temp. and local at the
same time, hu, 0’, -u; just n., tcha-u,
abbr. tcha. Cf. actually, presently.
nowhere, ké-itata.
nowise, Tele
number, s.; no ex. eq.:

abbr. «

an. of, agreat

614

n. of, timi; an equal n. of, kanktak;
such an. of, so many, kénni, kénk.
number, v. t., to count, shétua.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

|nurse, v. t. tchita, tchiiténa; n.

Jor awhile, tchitanhuya; to go and
n., tehutansha.

O

oak; white-o. tree, hidshnam; black-o.
tree, kli’sham ; poison-o., Rhus toxi-
codendron, matnésham. Cf. acorn.

oar, ktehi‘k.

oats, hashpkish, lit. “fodder.”

obey, v.t., tiména; matchatka; not
to o., hishnkita.

object, s., thing, mostly inan., tua;
some 0., tua; every 0. or 0. of every
kind, nanuktua; 0. won at a game
or sport, tkaks; 0. causing pain,
disease, tatktish; 0. sucked out of
the patient’s body, hanshish. Cf.
article.

object, v. t., lewitchta, lewé-ula.

obnoxious, kuidshi. Cf.
mischievous.

obscure, it is,*tch’mi’ka.

obscured, said of sky, weather;
tiptipli, limlfmli. Cf. overcast.

obscurity, tehmét’ksh.

observe, v.t., shlika, Mod shléka;

bad,

0. closely, shlépopka,; 0. secretly, gan-
tila; to make o> shuni’kanka; 0,
Jrom a distance, télshapka, telsham-
pka, shlé’pka, shlépopka.
obsidian and what is made of it,
mbiti'shaksh; one who possesses o.-
tools, mbushakshaltko; 0. arrow-
head, mbii'shaksh -shawalsh, or sim-
ply: mbushaksh; mitchmii’tchli
shawalsh, contr. metsmetsiwals.

obstruct, v.t.,as an entrance, den,
aperture, yankapshti.

obstruction ti river, intended as
a fish-trap, nikosh; laomber-dam, pip-
lish; 0., dam under the waters sur-
Jace, oti'lks.

obtain, v.t. shnika, shnikua; 0. on
purpose, shntikpa; 0. while going,
iktcha; 0. a spark of fire, kléna, klu-
kalgi; 0. through winning a game,
tkiga, wi-uka ; to try too., kahiéwa.

obtuse in mind, kaitua shayuaksh.

occur, v.i, népka.

ocean, muni ¢-ush.

ocher; yellow o., spal; looking like o.,
spalptchi.

October, corresponds inaccurately
to tatzélamni, Mod. tzdlammni, q. v.

odd, wennini, abbr. wénni; to act
in an o. manner, kd-ika, kiila.

oddly, wénni; to behave o., ka-ika,
kia.

odor; what emits o., piluyéash; to
emit o., pilui.

oesophagus, szutkani’tkish, shni-
watchnétkish.

offend, v.t., shnikalua; to feel of-
Jended when a dead person’s name
is mentioned, shlamia.

offer, v.
giving, shewdna, cf. give; 0. a re-

t., ikta; in the sense of

ward, itkta.

number—open. 615

officer, civil, laki; military, laki
shii’Idshash, lak.

offspring, human or animal, wé-
ash, dim. wéka; mostly referring to
animals, ndshékani; 0. ef quadru-
peds, lelédshi; male o., vanak, dim.
vinnakaga; wéash, dim. wéka; of
animals, ldkiaga, wéash; female o.
of animals, giluaga, ndshiluaga;
what produces 0., wa-ish, to bear o.,
nkdékgi,we’kala; animals, hla-a; to
remain without o., tehitu.

often, timéni, tankni. Cf. titatna.

oily and ofo. appearance, mhishetko.

old, anim., k’mutchatko, k’mutchish;
o., used up, good for nothing, chiefly
inan., dmtchiksh, abbr.and suffixed,
-amtch; 0., early, belonging to the past,
anim. and inan., ma‘ntchni, tankni;
o., withered, said of plants, pakatko;
0. person, 0. man, k’mutchéwatko,
k’mutchatko, k’mutchish; 0. person,
t’shika; t’shika-Aga; 0. woman, welé-
kash, welekatko; (Mttle 0. woman,
welékaga; spirit of 0. woman, welé-
kaga; to be o., t’shika; to grow o,
become o., k’mutttcha; o salmon,
vuig; o. when referring to mythic
characters, A4mtchiksh,-amtch: ‘Old
Crane,” nom. pr., Sht’kamtch; “Old
Grizzly,’ Shashapamtch. Cf. aged,
ancestral.

Old Agency Buildings, on
Upper Klamath Lake, [-ushtat.
old-fashioned, ma/ntchni, tan-

kni; dmtchiksh, -amtch.
omoplate, shétashtzapksh.
once, tina; at. 0., simultaneously, ti-

na-ak, tina’k; at 0., without delay,
suddenly, palak, pélak, Mod. pélak;
palakak, tanktak; at 0., in one batch,
nadsha’shak; o. only, tina‘k; 0. more,
0. over again, pen.

one, nadsh, na’sh; only o., but o.,

na‘dshak; every o., ndnuk; at o.
place, spot, na’dshash; im or into o.
spot, nadsha’shak; 0. day, in 0. day,
na’sh waita; to pass o. day or 0. day
and night ensuing, waita; to blink
with o. eye only, knadshikta.

one-eyed, shtchi’katko.
oneself; reflective verbs are form-

ed by prefix h- placed before the
medial prefix sh-, s-, or by the lat-
teralone. Yor o., -gidngein; provi-
dent for o., tidshkianki. Cf. Gram-
mar, and in the Dictionary: him-
self.

only, ak, -ak, hak, -hak, cf. ak No.

2 (1) and (4), tala, abbr. -ta, ta;
this thing o., hin gétak; 0. one, a
single one o., na’/dshak, nadshiak;
when referring to the verb of asen-
tence, pila.

onion, ké-i piluyéash, énion.
open, adj.; 0. for passage, ginsyan-

tko, kintchantko; to be o. for pass-
age, ginsya; to be o., gintéga; to
keep o., as the mouth, hanufpka ;
having one eye o., nadshizatko.

open, v.t.; 0. a cover, lid, hutatch-

kita, kaishnila; 0. wp the top of a
winter-lodge, kaishnila; for some-
body, kaishnulia; 0. a door, kaish-
nila, Mod. shlaukidla; ktinyéga;
o. by tearing, pulling, pakedla; o.

616 ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

and lay down flat, as a book, shek-

lii'tza; to be opened up, ginsza.
opening, etnzantko, gutékuish
} 8, ginxantko, g ees)
eintzish; as of the ear, gintchzish;
to have an o., gintéga; o. to be closed
up, nudsaikish; to place into an o.,

yankapshti. Cf. aperture, hole, |

orifice. :

open out, v.i, as blossoms, shla-
pa; 0. out above, gintzi.

opposite; on the o. side, adv. gé-
kshta, @dtant; on 0. side of, prep.
gunigshtant, gtnitana, tt’ eshtanta;
Jrom o. sides, pipélantana.

opprobrious, ktidshi; fo call o.
names, lama.

or, ampka, the Lat. vel and aut;
or else, dmpka.

orator, ka‘kl’kish, waltkish.

orchard, ii’puls-hashuash.

order, s., né-ulaksh, shuni‘kanksh,
tpéwash; definite o., stuledlish; to
give orders, hashtaltampka, tpéwa,
stuli; while going about, stulidsha

order, v.t, né-ulya; tpéwa; stuli,
hit’shga; 0. forsomebody, ne-ulzia;
0. while going, stulidsha; 0. repeat-
edly, ne-uzalpéeli; to commence to o.,
ne-ulakiéga.

ordinance, shuni’/kanksh.

Oregon, nom. pr, Yamat, Yamakti-

sham kiifla, Yamatala, O. kiifla; |
Tydlamtala, lit. “to the western |
lands”; into, towards O., Yamatala;

O. grape, Berberis aquifolium, welé'li.

Oregonian Indian, nom. pr., Ya-.

makni maklaks, Yamakni; O. se¢-
tler, Ovreginkni, Yamakni Boéshtin.

jorgan; expressed by suffix -étkish,
contr. -Otch; nasal o. of animals,
pshi’sh. Cf. apparatus.

orifice, ginzish, gintyish, gin-
tchzish; 0.as of a bottle, ginzantko;
of entrails, kilft; 0. of ear, nose,
mctchish; 0., hole to go or crawl
through, gekinkish, gutékuish; to
put a stick, straw into an o., kmaka-
pshti. Cf. aperture, hole, opening

ornament; neck-o., shnawa‘kish ;
mother-of-pearl o, laktash, ktehak ;
0. on dress, made of a tall grass,
épat; to have ornaments on body,
shultitamna.

orphan, who lost both parents, ko'-
hiegsh, Mod. kuihéesh; 0. whose
Sather died, pti’sh-lilatko; 0. whose
mother died, p’gi’sh-lilatko.

other, na‘dsh, ndyensh, wennini;
the ones,.... the others, nanka.....
ninka; on the o. side of, ginitana;
belonging to others, or to other lands,
tribes, wennikni. Cf. opposite, side.

otter; jish-o., Lutra canadensis,
ko'lta; 0.-skin strap, ske’l.

our, ours, belonging to us, ndlam;
of ourselves, our own, nilamtak, na-
lamtoks; we for ourselves, nita-
kinki. Cf. oneself.

oust, v.t., kpulf, kptitcha, kpitelna;

tptidsha, tptidshna, tpuli, tpulina;
ya , .
shiiwa, pl. niwa; 0. from a lodge,
house, shika; to start for ousting,
shttkidsha. Cf. drive, v.
out, adv.; expressed by verbal suf-

fixes or case-postpositions: 0. in the

distance, Jar o., ti, tush, tit, titaks;

opening —ox. 617

o. there, géntala, gétui, gtimi. Cf.
far, out of.

outdo, v. t, to conquer, skupma;
wintzi, Mod. vitizin; to surpass,
wintzi.

outdoors, iwa, kani; expressed
by verbal suffixes, as in gatitana,
etc.; being, staying 0., kant Cf. out-
side.

outhouse; ef. shed.

outlet, for persons or animals, ge- |

kankish; 0. to crawl through, gute-
kuish; 0. of running water, sham,
shumalkish.

out of, prep.; expressed by nomi-
nal and verbal pre- and suffixes;

cf. to jump o. of, hikansha, with —
locat. case -tat; to gump o. of the

water, vutchéwa. Cf. outside, adv.
outrage, v.t., kui shita.
outside, adv. kanf; 0. of, out of,
prep., kanitant; expressed by ver-
bal suffixes, as in tgatitana, tgatita,
ete.; being, staying o., kant. Ct. out-
doors.
outside, s, kanitani; being on the
o. of, kanitani. . Cf. crust.
outsider, wennikni.

oven; round o., bake-o., iron o., lil-
pash; shnuntoplkétkish. Cf. stove. |
over, prep.; expressed by verbal.

suffixes and case-postpositions; to
cross 0., gikua, kako’dsha; 0. there,
o. yonder, géntala; gétui, gtini; long

obj. and persons, hfit; 0. there on the

soil, ground, hi, hi’, i; the one o.
Sian

there, guni.

overcast, tiptipli, limlimli; 0. sky,
» UptipH, Y;

weather, paishash.

overcoat, kapo; wearing an o.,

kapttko; to put on one’s o., kapd-

péli; to take off the o., kapdla.

loverflow, v.t., tilhua, tila; tchi¢-
ga; overflowed, tilhudantko; to be
overflowed, tchizi; ground overflowed,
tehyashétko.

overflow, v i, kitlua, tila, tilhua.

loverload, v. t., as a horse, shi-
ftna.

overlook, v t. télha; from a dis-
tance, télhapka, teldéli; o. in the
sense of examining, shuawina; 0.,

| said of scouts, teldli.

iowe, y.t, shkitlka, tala skiuta.

‘owl, species of, yukiak, pii‘hpish;

horned o., Bubo subarcticus, mikash;

| “turn - head,” Speotyto hypugaia,
nt’sh=tilansnéash.

own, adj.; thy o., mitak, mitoks; our
o., nalaitoks, ete.; the son's 0., vin-

— akam.

lown, v.t.; to possess, cf. gt No. 5;

in the sense of lording it over, hash-

taltimpka; owning, possessed of, gi-

| tko, shunuishaltko, suffix -Itko.

owner of property, houses, land,

_ hashtaltampkatko.

-ox, méshmush, Mod. viishmush.

618

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

se

pace, s.,shikashlash; to make one p.,
step, shikashtka.

pace, v.i, kishlya, shfkashla; p.
slow, kishtchna; pacing horse, wilit-
gish,
Pacific Coast Indian of Oregon,
Séltchokni maklaks, Séltchokni.
pack, package, métkalsh; shultfla-
tko, shutflatko.

pack, vy.
itna; p. away for home, hi’wi; when
distant, hiwfdsha; p. goods on a
horse with ropes, shdlalua.

packer of baggage, as army bag-
gage, limi’l-miin.

paddle, v.t., with the oar, syéna;
p. back, home, syatkipéli; p. along
the shore, szo-ikina; p. from the

t., horses, wagons, fta,

shore, syowashka; p. about with a
light, spark of fire in canoe, skli-
tchkanka; p., beat down into, as
seeds into a basket, wéka.

paddle, s.; oar, ktchi’k; oblong
wickerwork p., seed-p., shaplash, dim.
shaplka; flat or concave wickerworl:
p. larger than the shdplash, tia; p.
of tule, bulrushes, pi’hla, pala; seed-
p. of willow branches, tehkila; p.
filled with eatables, i\ksh; scraping
p., pientitkish.

pail, pdko, dim. pokudga; to carry
ina p., Sho’dshna, sténa; to give in
ap., shti, pl. shewana. Cf. vase.

pain, s. tatktish; article producing
p., tatktish; to feel p., tatkta; to give
p., cf. pain, v. t.

pain, v. t. and impers.; to gwe p.,
yuktgi, Mod. yikiuka, tika; said of
toothache, ete., kimalia; to p., burn,
as a nettle, tékteka.

paint, s.; red body-p. from ochreous
arth, k’le’pki; resin-p, wakinsh;
ochre-p., spal; black p.,a mixture of
burnt bulrushes and plum-seed,
let’; another from coals, lei’m; to
put it on, as dancers, shitpashui;
to put body-p. on oneself, shuteléma;
habitually, shutelomashla; to mark
one’s face with small dots of p., sha-
tuaya.

paint, v.t., ita; shf-ita; ef. itchua;
p., make pictures, shimalua; p. one-
self, shi-ita, pitik shf-ita; shuteldé-
ma; p., put on p. or varnish, as on
furniture, talika; p. one’s face or
body white, to “scratch-paint,” sha-
tchlydmia; p. one’s face with the red
klé’pki-paint, shapkua, shatyAsha;
p. oneself black for a dance, shutpé-
shui; painted object, shtimaluash.
Cf. line, v. t.

painting, picture, hushtétish.

pair of two, lapi; both of them,
lapok; in counting by pairs, the
d. form laldpi, ldlap is in use.
Cf. couple, s.

|
|

pace—pass. 619

palatable; to become p. by cook-
ing, ete., néka. Cf. eatable.

palate, tankatch.

palaver, s., shutankish.

palaver, v.i., shitanka. Cf. ne-
gotiate, v.

pale, adj.; to become p. in the face,
ke'ztgi; paleface, palpali-tchiléks-
eitko, Béshtin.

paling, set up around graves, ete.,
latehaksh; to set up p., latchakshla,
shutédshka.

palm of hand, takak, népam tékak.

pan; fryimg-p, \épuimsh, Mod. li-
pash; to melt in a p., v.t, stilya,
shuldla; to give in a p., shui, pl.
shewiéna.

pane of glass, mirror, window, shé-
taluash.

Pan’s flute, shalallish. Cf. jews-
harp.

pant, v. i, kélpa.

pantaloons, pair of, kaildlapsh;
to put on one’s p., kailalap’li; to take
off one’s p., kailalapola.

panther, taslatch, kdika-ush.

paper, and what is made of it, pipa; |

p.-kite, hushdnualksh.
parasite, papdtalish.
parcel, shutflatko, shultilatko, lit.
“held under the arm.” Cf. pack.
parch, v.t., shni’za, shnita; p. or
make crumble by exsiceation, mbiti-
ka; to be parched up, mbakla.
pare, v.t., with the knife, vulina.

parents, shukfkash, Mod. shoke- |
kdé-ash; old parent, t’shika-aga ;-
tshika-amtch; parent af one child, |

weshaltko; of two or more children,
weweshaltko.

parflesh, kaknélsh; ef. armor.

parley, shutankish.

parsimonious, widshfkish; tobe
p., widshika.

parsnip; wildp. (species of Sium?),
skiwanksham; a plant resembling
wild p., ma’sh.

part, portion of, nanka, one p.....
the other p., nanka..... ninka; to
cut into two parts, hekshatya, she-
ktatka; divided into parts, shekta-
tzatko; forms arithmetic fractions.
Cf. divide, v.

part, v.t., to separate, shékélui; p.
one from the other, skuytishka; p.
the feet, legs, pitchka; p., especially
the legs, skéka.

part from, v.i., kédsha, efi’shka;
p. from each other by going in difter-
ent directions, shipi'tya.

pass, v.i., said of time or sections
of time, hidshna, tinshna, dtpa, ef.
elapse, v.; p. in the sense of to travel,
géna, taménu; p. ahead of, gaydya,
gaya-idsha; p., go around a lake,
etc., géluantcha; said of strings,
etc., wépla, stunkidmna; p by quick-
ly, hukiétansha; p. into, guli, pl.
kilhi; said of a bullet, gti’talya; p.
over, to flood, said of liquids, kélua,
tila, tilhua; p. over a level surface,
talaka; p. over body or limb, making
a slight incision, tilansza; p. through,
escape, gilyi; smoke, ete., l6kansha;
p. through, over with the hand, tash-
uléla; p. through, light air-drafts,

620

ukidshlin; strong ones, wili; p. or
flow through, waters, nttiltchyant-
cha; to make p. through, as water,
ropes, stt’/nshna; p. wader the hori-
zon, tinkuéla, tind’li; p. wederncath,
eutila; passing through a solid body
from end to end, tunszintko.
pass, v.*t., hand over to, shila, shu-
lia, shulfpka; p. by, p. on the way,
anim. obj., shukidta; p. the arm
around, shashkakiamna; p. a gate,
stilankansha; p. a day, watta; p.
two days, lap’ni waita; p. the limits,
said of water, tila; p. from one end
of mouth to the other, shalalalina;
p. @ ford on a wagon, stilankua; p.
through, as a rope, ete., stt’nka;
through oneself, sta’nyia.
passable, ginszantko; to be p., gin-

sza; p for travelers walking or rid- |

ing single file, kintchantko.

passage, stékish, Mod. stékish; |

p.-way, thoroughfare, gekaénkish,
einszantko, sti’; narrow p. or pass,

kintchantko; p., tubsform, subterra-

nean, or above the ground, sti, dim. |

studga; p., especially when tubular,

eingish; to make a p., sttiya. Ct.
aperture, hole.

passionate, tehakalsh, kilosh.

pass-ticket, Jakiam pipa.

past, adj., giulank, Mod. giulan; i
the p., tna, nia, tink; to be p.,
la, ef
ma/ntchni, tankni.
in the nominal suffix

o
. atpa; belonging to the p.,
The vowel -u
-uish also
points to the past.

past, prep.; expressed by the verbal

ofu-

ENGLISH —- KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

suffix -p’na, -péna, ete.; to run p., hu-
tapéna; to go p.,anim. obj., shukidta.

paste made of berries and camass,
shikalsh.

paste, v. t., p. om, néta; p. over,
skéntana; p. wpon, and to be pasted
on, shnadntchakta.

paste-board, pipa.

pasture; p.-land, kshundltko kitla;
Fenced-in p.-ground, niuligish; p.-
ground not fenced in, pa-ukish.

pat, v. t, tatehalka; ptchiklza,
Mod. ptchaklya

patch for mending, nakish; p., torn
cloth, téshashko; to make a cover,
blanket from small patches, tesha-
shkudla, ski’tehala.

patch, y.t., to mend, nakia.

path, pathway, sti, studga, kintch-
dntko; to make a p., sttiya.

/patient, s., mdshetko, shilaltko.

Pauline, nom. pr. of a Snake In-
dian chief, Panaina.

|pause, v.15" ¢f end, finish, vip.

make pauses in the gathering of truits,

in fishing, ete.; shnikanua; to make

| successive pauses, ete., shnikanu-

Anka.

paw, nép, dim. nepaga.

pay, v. t., kitechakéla; p. a sum owed,
debt, kitchikéla; p. im money or

goods, p. cash, skikta; to go and p.,
skiktna; p. im one coin, liya; im
many, péwi, shewana; p. im one
note, greenback, bill, check, ete.,

néya; in many, shewana; p. a fine,
| to be fined, skikta; p. out to many,

she-ii’ta.

sz»

pass—persan. 621

pay, s., she-ctish; without p., huna’- |

shak; p.-day, she-étish ; to have p.-
day, she-éta.

peace, s.; no ex. eq.: p.-maker, p.-
negotiator, shushutdnkish; to con-

clude, make p., shiitanka; to speak in

Savor of p., tidsh hémkanka.
peaceful, tidshi.
peak, yaina.
pebble, kta-i, ktayaga.
pectoral, vushoksaksini; p. jin,
pipélantana kidshash.
peel, v.t. kiuldla, ktcheldla, vuli-
na; p. the inner bark of trees, sté-

péla, stépalsha; tree partly peeled

off, stépalhuish; peeled fruit, ktche-
Idluish.

peeling, s., ktcheldlash, tchilak.

peep, v.i, p. owt, leltki.

pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchus,
kamal or yamal.

pelt, tchélksh.

peltry, nil.

pen; writing p., shumaldétkish

pencil; hair-p. and lead-p., shuma-
1étkish,

pendulum, vutdékakua.

penis, kik.

‘people, maklaks; pshe-utfwash;

white p., Boshtin maklaks, Béshtin.

perceive, v. t. shléa; p. again, |

shlépéle; p. from a distance, shlé’p-
ka, télshapka, telshampka; p. by
observing, shlépopka

perfect, tidshi, ma tidshi.

perfectly, tidsh.

perforate, v.t. ginka, shéka; to
pierce, kéka; p. with a boring in-

strument, tucka; p the nose, ear,
earlobe, hashtka; pp. the septum of
the nose, psi’sh ginka; p. another's
nose, stt’'lka; p. round obj., Itti-
yaga; to be perforated in its length,
ginka. x
perforation, shékish; p. made
by a borer, ibékantko; p. of nose-
septum, earlobe, hashtaksh; place of
p., télkgish; to fasten by inserting in
| perforations, hishtamna.
perform, v.t, gi, ct. gi (5); shuita;
-p.on one’s way, shutédshna; p. a gay
dance, tuituigidsha; p. a scalp-dance,
sha’dsha; p. labor, pélpela.
perhaps, may be, wakianhua, ka-i
ni shayuakta; sometimes to be
rendered by ak, 4k a, aka, ka,
| sh:
| period; at that p., then, tank, tan-
kak, tankt, tanktchik; living, ewist-
ing at that p., tankni; living since that
p., tanktchikni. Cf. epoch, time.
perish, v. i, by premature death,
tchéka; to cause to p., hushtchéka;

to let p. by hunger, hashtawa.
peritoneum, nkasham walshash.
|permit, v t., wé-ula, witchta; p.
to, wéwalta.
perpendicularly; toshoot up p.,
as an arrow, utéwa.
perpetual, tchtishnini; adj. used
adverbially : teht’shni, teht’shniak.
perpetually, tchishak, tcht’-
shniak.
person, maklaks; resembling per-
sons, maklaks-shitko; white p., Bo-
shtin maklaks; old p., tshika, t’shi-

622

ka-dga, t’shika-amtch; young p. of
either sex, t’shimankatko.
perspiration, shudlkash; to be
in a p., shudlka.
perspire, v. i, shudlka; after
bodily exertion, ete., wala.
persuade, v. t, often expressed
by causative verbs; cf. cause, v. t.;
p. to part with, shinukla.
peruse, v.t., pipa hashashuakia.
pestle, ndtkish; wooden or stone-p.,
ski’. Cf mash, v.
petticoat, shtchi’waksh.
petty, ndshékani; kitchkani, abbr.

kiteha, Cf. little.
petulant, ké-ikash; to be p,
ndshiptehpa. Cf. reckless.
pharynx, sgutkani’tkish, shni-

watchnotkish.

phlegm, slime, médlash; to throw
up p., Okshua.

physician, yatksmiin.

pick, v.t.; p. berries, fruits, lguya,
ltakaya; p. to pieces for eating, de-
vouring, shlikshka; p. up, lift up,
pl. or coll. itkal; p: up by chance,
ndakal, pl. ftkal; awhile going, nda-
kalkanka; p. up, take up, round obj.,
luyéga, pl. pe-uyéga; Idikala; p.
out, choose, select, ihia, shiatka. Cf.
collect, gather, v. t.

pickaxe, utoydtkish; to work with
a p., ibutirya.

picnic; to enjoy a p., papia/na.

picture, shtimaluash; of an object,
hushtétish, Mod. hushtéwash; to
draw a p., shiimalua.

piebald horse, shumaludtko watch.

ENGLISH —-KLAMATIL DICTIONARY.

piece, s; #f cut off with a tool,
kttshkuish, pishkuish; p. of cloth,
téshashko; to pick to pieces for de-
vouring, shlt’kshka; divided, tut
into pieces, shektatyatko.

pierce, v.t., with a piercing tool,
kéka; p. by cutting or by a stroke
of the hand, tkéka; p. by boring,
kéka, tuéka, shéka; p. one’s nose,
hashtka; another’s nose, sti’lka; p.
by stabbing, skéka, ktchéna, stt’ka;
round obj., Ittizaga; p. by shooting,
skéka, télya; p. by impaling, talka;
p. im its length, ginka; aperture
through piercing, shékish; i the
ear, nose, hashtaksh. Cf. bore, per-
forate, v.

pig, gushudga.

pigeon; domestic p., Béshtinam
O'lash; species of ashy wild p. or
dove, Zenaidura carolinensis, O'lash;
p -hawk, ndikish.

pile, s.; heap, as of wood, kédsh-
laksh; p. ef pyramidal shape, tuilash,
sttilash; ina p., adv., shépa, sii’-
pen; to lie in a p., shdpa.

piles, s., kilit-mdshash.

pile up, v.t, shédpalya; shio‘lyi,—
Mod. hushto’lki; p. ap, upon each
other, round obj., lokaptcha, Mod.
Ikapa; sheets, ete., shikantdla;
rocks, shudla; stones, sko-flya.

pilfer, v.t, palla; p. again, pala-
péle; anim. and long obj, t’mésh-
ka, pl. yiméshka.

pilgrim bottle of basket ware,
ete., shultilash.

pillar of roof, lodge, wilash, stutilash.

perspiration—place.

pillow, sho'lhash; small p. on baby-
board, shuiptiklash; p.-case, shul-
hash-latktchish, sho/lhashtat shlét-
hish; to make, manufacture pillows,
shtilhashla,

pilpil; ef. puberty.

pimple, tchimtash; p.-faced, tchim-
tatko. Cf. eruption.

pin, s.; eloth-p., kakpatnétkish, Mod.
lawalatko; p.-head, lawalash.

pin, v.t., p. fast to, mpata; p. together,
shakpatmawa, hashtatchméya.

pincers, shnakptigdtkish ; jfire-p.,
ila/lidsh kpatiank Idloksh; p. to
pluck out hair, hushmoklétkish ; to
seize with p., shnakptiga, tapata.

pinch, v.t.; p. with the extremities,
tchilika, contr. teblika; p. contin-
ually, tchligdtchktcha; p. out, as
pimples, kutdla.

pine, s., ko’sh; young p. tree, kapka,
dim. kapkiga; black p., lépkash;
hemlock p., wa' ko, wa kuam; species
of low p., Pinus contorta, kapka;
sugar-p., ktéleam ko’sh; fallen p.-
tree, katchna, himpoks; p.-bur, teha-
tchgalam, Mod. tchatchgdélinks; p.-
gum, cf. pitch; needle of p.-tree,
spami; piece of p-wood for the fire-
drill, shlikuish; whorl, bunch of p.
needles, p.-brush, push, dim. pt’ shak.

pine, v.i.,latka, shuntyua; p. away,
yualka; pining away, yuyalkish,
yuyalkishptehi. Cf. sad.

pine-nut, ktélo; p-nut, having two
wings, hdéllaksh; to gather p.-nuts,
ktélualsha.

pink, kétcha takfakli; taktaékli.

623

pipe, s.; whistling p., reed-p., shldl-
ush, sttitash; fobacco-p., piksh; its
stem, pa-ttkish, tulfsh

pistol, shikénitgish, dim. shikénit-
oi’ka.

pit, s., of a well, wélwash; hunter's
p., pitfall, peutch; former roast-p.,
pukuish.

pitch, s., and resin, stiya; applied to

ete, waldkish; smelling
like, containing p., stialtko ; pine-
gum, lalago.

pitcher, tchipkétkish.

pitch up, v.t, as with a pitch-
fork, kiuyéga.

pith lok

Pit River, nom.pr.of aCalifornian
watercourse, Méatni Kéke, Méatu-
ashyéni Kéke, Méatuasham Kéke,
Moatuashamkshini Kéke; P. R.
Indian, nom. pr., Méatuash mak-
laks, Méatwash; P. R. language,
Méatuasham hémkanksh.

pity, v.t.; to have p. on, yualka.

place, s.; no ex. eq.: p. on the
ground, kiiila; at this p., spot, hi, i,
hita, gi’ta, gi’tata; with verbs of
motion, hatak; at that p., gitaks;
with verbs of motion, hatak, hatakt;
at some p., tam, tudnkshi, ttish; at
which p.? (also dem. adv.); tata?
tatai? tudnkshi? at some other p.,
tushak, welitana; atboth places, used
adjectively, lapukni; to another p.,
wénni; at no p.,
wards that p., gitala; to or towards
which p.? tata? through, by that p.,
hataktana; p. of dwelling, living,

arrows,

kaé-itata; to-

624

tchi’sh, wa’sh; p. of exit, kaishtish, |

eutékuish, gekdnkish ; drowning p.,

tinuash; p. where provisions are kept,

{paksh; standing p.,ttipaksh; p. where |
many obj. of the same deseription
are found, wa'sh; native of which?
and of that p., tatkni; coming from
this p., gitakni. Cf. here, there; also

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

hang down on both sides, shaké-
tchuala; p. upon, on the top af, la-
wala, nawal, iwdla; ktiwizi; p. upon
something high, long obj., kshawal,
kshtiwal, pl. iwdla; p. upow, as upon
a basket already filled, ipéne’zi;
p. upon, as a ring on one’s finger,
ilhi. Cf deposit, lay, put, v.

an

the numerals: two, ete. placental matter, gendali; k’le-
place, v.t.; generic term, ita; p. kdla.

against, lakia, v. med. shéleia; p.| plain, adj.; to render p., compre-

apart, as the legs, skéka, hushptitza; | hensible, heshamkénka, heshégsha.

p. around one’s neck, sha-ukéga; p., | plain, s., safga, dim. saikiga; level,
rocky ground, kna'‘t, Mod. kla’dsh.
p. at the end of, tamadsha; p. into,| plait; hair-p. of males, shakpaksh;
in, within, ikuga, iwina; one obj., of females, wéktash; to gather one’s
hair into apl., shukat’ndla, shakpka.
into a bag, shtilha; p. ito a basket, | plane, adj., patpatli, adv. patpat;
techliyatko, taktadkli, tatatli. Cf
even, flat

put down, Aya, \ka, nélya, shlélza;

kshékuea, kshéla; »., shove into, as
aye! ] ’ ]

ete., hishtchaytiga, coll. ftkal, ul¢-
yuga; p. ito water, twa; p. into an
opening, yankapshti; p. ito a seat, li- | plane, v. t., patpat shita, vulina,
watkal; p. inside of, within, iwina ; shnutchliktagia, taldka.
splhi, pl. flhi; kshikla, pl. fkla; | plank of wood, papkash.
to return from placing mside, spul- | plant, s.; no ex. eq.: low p., weed,

hitka; to be placed into, on, upon,
tchi‘kla; p. oneself in ambush, hishu-
Alya, wilya; ef. ambush; p. the legs
under oneself, shepatehtila; p., push
over, ktiwtzi; p., spread over, \éka-
ptchya, Mod. Ikapa; p. under, be-
low, beneath, tkla, netila, inotila,
utila; p. under water, utila; p. un-
derground, iktcha, p'nana, vumi; p.
upon, on, ita, likla, lawéla, nékla, né-
wal, shlékla, pé-ula, éwa; long obj.,
persons, {kla; fla, pl. yala; a kettle,

ete., tehi/lya; p upon the ground,

tchilyia; p. upon, so as to let it |

stalk, tchélash; p. of rounded shape,
Ibtka; species of alimentary p.,
witksam; species of p. producing
the kldapa-bulb, pi’dshak; eatable
portion of a certain species of p.,
tsudk. Cf. tree, weed.

plant, v. t. vegetables, hashud-a ;

p. into the ground, as one pole,
téwa, two poles, stalya, many,
tétalya; planting ground, hishuash,
Mod. hashudkish.

plate, taltalsh; hashpo’tkish; 2ar-

row, low p., wikamua: p. of wicker-
work or pottery, shaplash, dim. sha-

place—point.

plka; to give on a p., shui, pl. she-
wana.

platform, s.; to erect a p. ona
scaffold, gelkaya; to erect poles for
ap. or scaffold, shtchik’lya.

play, v. t., p. a game, léwa, lé-una,
Ié-ula: mainly used of games im-

plying motion, as running; p. a!

game, while sitting, shékla, shaké-
ma; to go to p., lé-una, lé-utcha, le-
utchdéla, shuédshna; p. while going,
on one’s way, lé-utchna, shuédslna;

p. at ball, bandy, club, léwa; sht-t''ta ; |
p. the beaver-teeth game, ski’sha; |
p- habitually, shikalsha; p. in some- |
body’s iuterest and deceptively, sha- |

kémia; p. leap-frog, ngangatizi; p.

at sliding downhill, shektakuéla; p. |

“smoke-in, smoke-out,” lepleputii’na;
p. the spélshna- or guessing-game,

shakalsha, spélshna; p., gamble for |

stakes, shakla; p. the four-stick
game, spélshna, shdkla, shikalsha,
shulshéshla ; p. the string-game, tehi-
ma-a.

play, s. of any description, sha-
kalsh; after p., lewatkélank; p.-ball,
léwash, shakuéash, shuntoyakea-
étkish; shi’pluash, dim. shupliga.
Cf. game.

player, shaklétkish.

playfully, adv.

?

to act, behave p.,
kiila, sheshzeiléa.
playmate, shawalinéash.
pliant, ulézatko.
plicated, tishzalkuledtko.
plot, v.t.; p. against, né-ulakta;
sheno’lya.
40

625

plover, black bellied, Squatarola
helvetica, kiish; golden p., udékash.

plow, s, sputtiydtch, Mod. shuto-
yotkish; plow’s furrow, shutédsha-
nuish. Cf. furrow.

plow, v.t,sputtiya, Mod. shutéya;
plowed land, kiifla-shitesh, né-ush;
hashuash, Mod. hashudkish.

pluck out, v. t, as beard, hair,
hushmd‘kla; as feathers, ete., pul-
za, pul’hka.

plucky, Ikdllitko, k4-i vi’shish; to
be p., kila, k4-i viisha.

plum, wild, temdlo.

plume, anim. or vegetable, mi-
kash; provided with plumes, muk-
mukatko; p.-crest of birds, sha-
walsh.

‘plumed, mukmikatko.

plunge, v.i, in the water, pana;
shikikia; to go and p., péwa; to take
a cold p., pé-udsha; to go and p.,
start for a p., shikiziéna.

pocket, liwayaks; p. in dress, pa-
yakua.

pod, s., ef. capsule.

(point, s, upper end, highest p. of,

|

wihla, wilhashlash; p. of a con-
ial body, hapa; p. of arrow, shé-
walsh; p. of arrow-head, knife, ete.,
tchaktchakli.

point, v. t., to sharpen, shnatchak-
tei, Mod. shnatchiktka; pointed,
sharp, tchaktchakli; high-pointed,

| conical, wakwakli.

/point, v.i; p.at, p. out, show a long

obj., alahia; p. at by hand, kinshfp-

ka; p. at a distant obj., kinshampka;

626

p. at, take aim, laya, shuawidshna;
p. by hand downwards, kinshakpka;

p. to something on a person’s body, |
shikantana; p. to something on a_

person’s foot, shikantila.

poison, 8.3 generic, sp4-utish; ya-

uks; k’lekétkish, pl. of obj., lueld-

tkish; dipped in p.,stétmash; p.-oak,

Rhus toxicodendron, matnésham.
poison, y.t.; p.somebody, ya-uks

or spd-utish shewdna; object por-

soned, dipped in p., stétmash.
poisonous, k’lekétkish, pl. of obj.,

luelétkish; kutidshi tehinukish; p. |

drug, W’lekétkish yé-uks, yé-uks.
poke, v.t; p. in the fire, kpatia.
poker, jire-p., kpa.
pole, s., ef wood, wilash; anku; shu-
ékiish, wWhlkish; p. sharpened at
one end, shtchdkuash; lodge-p., wa-

lash, stutilash; p. for erecting sweat- |
lodges, shtch4-tish; p. for fishing,

p. with three iron prongs, shtchi-
kuash; p.-lodge, shii’klaksh; to plant
a p. in the ground, cf. plant, v.

polecat, species of, smaller than
the skunk, shuyiiluish.

pole-necked, skénshish, skén- |

tchish; to walk p., skanshna.
policeman, f-alhish.
polish, v. t., shnutchliktagia; pol-
ished, laklakli, tchluyatko.
polisher; arrow-shaft p, y¢hish.
pollute, v.t, kaknéga shidshka,
kaknéga.
pond, éwaga; tchiwish; p.-source
of a stream, nushaltkaga, kékaga,
wélwash.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

pond-lily, yellow, Nuphar advena,

wokasham and wékash; seed of yel-

low p.-l., w6kash; to collect this seed,

woékashla; species of p.-l. with

unpalatable seeds, Nwphar polyse-

palum, tchinéyam.

onderous, ytitantko; to be p.,

yuta. Cf. heavy.

poniard, shlakatétkish.

poor, destitute, yanhuani, yualkish,
kawantko; p.-looking, yualkish-
ptchi.

porcupine, tchdlish; bristle, quill
of p., shmayam.

pork, gtishuam tchulé’ks; salt p.,
elishu dtak (or shi’) itantko.

\

|portion, s.; no ex. eq: @ p. of,
nanka; one p..... the other p.,
nanka.... ndnka; to make two por-

tions, hekshatya, shektatka; divided,
cut into two or more portions, she-
ktatzatko. Cf. divide, v., part, s.

portrait, hushtétish, Mod. hushté-
wash.

position; to take p. wilza. Cf.
ambush, post, v.

positively, adv.; can often be
rendered by hai, 4-i, haftch.

possess, v.t. and to be possessed
by, gi, gitko; cf gi (4); p. and
manage one’s own property, hashtal-
tampka; possessed of, gitko, suffix
-Itko, shunuishdltko, shétaluatko;
p. of many things, mt shétaluatko;
possessed of money, talaltko; to be
possessed of a high voice, tché’k-
tcheka; not possessed of, kéliak.

possession, property, shinuish.

poison— preceding.

possibly, ady.;
dered by ak, ak a, aka, ka, lish.

posterior, adj., tapitni.

posteriors, s., kfu; pé’shaklish.

post, s., walash; lodge-p., stutilash;
thick p. of wood, titash.

post, v.t.; p. up on the top of, Kti- |
wala, Ming: to be posted on, upon,
or im the woods, bushes, tchaggiya,
pl. wawaggaya.

pot, for Saline cooking, péko; tchi-
itea Mod. tchilalétkish; tea-or
coffee-p., tchfi’kshfim;
p., shutéshla; to melt in a p., stilya.

potato; wild p. (abusively called
so), species of Calochortus, kii‘sh;
fpo, ipya; ‘‘water-p.,” eatable root

of Sagittaria, tchud; the plant pro-

ducing the w.-p., tchudlam.
potion, bund‘kish.
pottery, cf. dish, plate;
piece of p., mbakuish.
pouch, la‘klash, wakogsh; Des
Sruldiaats
pound, v.t., as grains im a mortar,

broken

ndéga, ndshapka; p. by means of |
a mortar or crushing stone, gama, |

péksha, skitya, stapka; p. into flour,
shutéshla; p., p. fine with a piece
of wood, ndika; pounded seed, grain,
lulinash. Cf. crush, mash, v.
pour, v.t.; p.along, kittitana; p. on,

iwala; liquids, kitita, kftua, kituf- |

ni; p. out on, p. out on again, iwAl- |
peli; p. over, upon, kidshna, kitu-
lala, kititana. Cf. empty, v. t.

pour, v.i.j p. down in quantities, said
of rain, kit’léka.

can often be ren- |

to cook m a

627

poverty; to bein p., yudlka. Cf.

| indigent, poor.

powder, gunpowder, shlayaksh; p.-

horn, shlayaksam wakogsh; to re-

duce to p. by grinding, \ulina, pé-

| ksha; ef. mash, pound, v.

power, killitko; litchlitchli;
witching p., yayayé-as, shui'sh.

powerful, litchlitchli; killitko;
muni; p., demoniac, shkafni; p., said
of tissues, ropes, tsuégatko; to be p.,
kila; winds, ska; to be more p. than,
skipma; winiyi, Mod. viizin.

powerfully, litchlitch, ma; kil-
lank, nzi'l.

powerless; to be p. weak in body,
széxi, kii’gi.

pox, pox; small-p., gitzaksh.

/practicable for passage, kintch-
Antko.

practice, s.; to have the p. of, nétu;
legal p., né-ulaksh.

prairie, safga, dim. saikéga; p.-
chacken, species of, pédpusha, and
pt’pisha, Kl; shudkak; p.-hawk,
tchmekoléash; p.-wolf, céyote, Canis
latrans, wi’sh, dim. wisha-wéka.

hushdélalya,

be-

| prance about, v.i,

| d. also washdlalya.

| prattle, v. t, ndéna.

prattler, macndiatel wiltkish.

pray, v. s to beg, shakétka; p. to
God, p’laikishash hashashudkia.

preach, v. t., ndéna.

| preacher, Simao ki’kVkish; p’lai-

| talkni = Piiishatich: stndé = kfuks,

| stindé-shtishatish.

| preceding, lupini; p. in age, tzé-u;

628

p. in time, lupini, gitlatko. Cf. be-
fore, first, past, adj., previous.

eintzish; ldiletko wal-

precipice,
ish.

precipitous; to be p. gintyi;
lala.

prefer, v.t, haméni, with verbal
intentional.

pregnant, kushaltko; said of ani-
mals, lala-ish.

prepare, v.t., shtta, shutdéla; p.
oneself and to be prepared, milua;
to fully p., mulo‘la; to come to an
end with preparing, shoteldla; p. for
battle, hushtépakta.

preponderate, v.i., winizi, Mod.
vuizin.

presage, s., of death or calamity,
tz ti'tzash.

presage, v. t.; p. death or over-
whelming calamity, tza'tza; one who
presages death, etc., ty’ tzatkish.

presence; to bem p., gita gi; to be
in the p. of persons while visiting
them, shétala.

present, adj., gita giank; to be p.,
oita gi. But p.is chiefly rendered
by the choice of such pronouns
and adverbs as are suggesting im-
mediate presence, like gé, ke, ke’k,
hi't, Mod. hii, ete.; im the p. year,
gen padshit iThulsh.

; gift, shewdnish; to

make a p., shawalya, pl. shewdna.

present, s.

present with, v.t.; p. with agift, |

shiwalza; p. with a long article,
tiya, pl. yana, shewana; p. with
anim. obj., spt’ni, pl. shewdna; p.

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

with a liquid, tchtya; p. with cook-
ed provisions, tchiléya; to be pre-
sented with, shnika. Cf. give, v.

presently, adv., at, apoc. a.; ata,
Atutu, atfu, Mod. ata, atui, Atui ti;
pidshit; tehd-u, abbr. teha. Cf.
actually, now, time.

preserve, v. t., a cachés or places
of safety, ipka, ilkshla; p., keep en-
tire, Mod. shualka; p., save, shnék-
shita. Cf. keep, save, v.

President of the United
States, muni laki ti Bédshtin
kiifla tehfa; or, mini lakt.

press, v. t, yataslya; p. by hand,
tatchapka; p. down, as pimples,
kutéla; p. down by weight, latidsh-
lya; p. upon in pursuing, kpttcha,
kptitchna.

pretend, v. t.; usually expressed
by verbal suflixes, cf. p. to play, to
play deceptively, Cr
simulate.

shakémfa.

pretty, tidshi; of persons, tidshi,
afshishtchi.

prevent, v.t., inuhudshka.

previous, lupini, ma‘ntchni, tank-
ni, gitlatko.

price, s.; retail- and cost-p., shésha-

tuish; p. paid to parents for obtain-

ing their daughter in marriage, sh¢-

| shatuish; fo put a p., value on, shé-

| shash ¢élya; shésha, élya.

price, v.t, élyza, shésha, shéshash
élya; priced, valued at, shéshatko.

t., hushtfwa, kfutka; to

prick, v.
puncture, sttiipka; p. each other, hush-
tiwa; p. oneself, hushtfwa.

precipice—property.

primeval, Amtchiksh; more fre-
quently in the suffixed and abbr.
form: -amtch. Cf. ancestral.

principal tx business, hashtaltamp-
katko.

prior, adj. lupii, lupitni; adyv.,
lvipia, Iipiak, lupitana.

prior to, earlier than, lipiak; kay-
utch and kayu, Mod. kayu.

prison, skikum house, spuligish;
p- for many, iligish; to put in p.,
spa'lhi, pl. ilhi. Cf jail.

prisoner of war, li’gsh; to take p.,
It’ eshla.

private, adj.; p. parts of man, kii’k,
shla‘lksh; p. parts of woman, stémsh,
tikogsh.

prize, v.t.; p. highly, stinta.

probably, adv.; sometimes to be
rendered by ak, dk a, aka, ka, kam;
lish. Cf. perhaps.

proboseis, pshi’sh.

proceed, v.i; generic term, géna;
p. to a place, gémpka; p. towards,
eitpa, gitpna; p. towards the one
speaking or the object just spoken
of, gépka; p. from the place habit-
ually occupied, géka, gékna; p. by
turns, kakidsha; p. in front line,
u-itchna; p. further after going down-
hill, gélyalka; p. against secretly or
for punishing, né-ulakta.

proclaim, v. t. hémkanka; hem-
eye, shdpa.

procreate, v.t., wafshi.

procure, v.t., né-ulya.

prodigal, pépuadshnish,

produce, v.t., tomake, shiita; to com-

629

mence producing, shuteyéga; p. for
a purpose, shutéla; p. steam, vapor,
taka; p. a noise, report, rustle, as
water, winds, shtchaydshla; p. a
distant crash, rushing’ noise, liuna;
p. sound, noise, voice, hiima; p. -
waves, surf, Ikapata.

producer, n., shishatish.

profit, s.; to make p., shita.

progenitor; parents, shukikash;
mythic p., cf. ancestral.

progeny of both sexes, but chiefly
male when used of persons, wéash;
p. of animals, ndshékani, wéash, or
expressed by the dim. ending: -dga,
-ak, -ag, -ka, -k.

prohibit, v. t., lewé-ula; p., as
from going, inuhudshka.

project, v. t.; p. ones shadow,
shma’/htchaga, shmd’htcha.

project, v. i; p. into, long subj.,
tapka; round subj., promontories,
etc., lawa; rock projecting above wa-
ter, ete., samké-ush, skii’ wash.

projectile of fire-arms, negé-ish;
shawalsh, mini shéwalsh; to hit,
wound, shoot with a p., ngé-isha.

promise, s, shendlakuish.

promise, v.t., shendlya; p. and p.
mutually, hishtalta, ne-ulzfa.

promontory, katokfwash.

prompt, v.t. mostly expressed by
suffixes of causative verbs; cf. ad-
vise, cause, V.

prong, téke; armed, provided with
prongs, lyawaltko.

property, shtnuish; fo be, being the p.
of, gi, gitko; ef. ei (4); to surrender,

630

transfer p., woxdwa; possessed of p., |

shunuishaltko, shétaluatko, hash-
taltampkatko.

proprietor, hashtaltampkatko,
shunuishaltko; to be p., hashtal-
tampka.

prosecute, v.t., to follow up, ka-

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

Jor p. lyalzamnish, tayash, wak-
ogsh, willishik; to tie up provisions
Sor a journey, szita.
provoke, v.t., sha-apa-a.
proximate, ginatani.
proximity, s; cf. close, near,
ady.

iha, haftchna, shii’dshna, shidship- puberty; p.-song, pilpil shui’sh;

ka, shulitanka.

prostitute, sheshtdlkish, keka-_

lufpalish.
prostrate, v. t. élya; to knock

to enter the age of feminine p., stt-
pui; p.-dance, shiiyuzalsh; to dance
it, shuyuzala; to perform p.-dances,
yaukéla.

down, ktiuléya; to lie prostrated un- puff of wind, shléwish.

der a spell, shalyita, shalyftna.

puff, v. t.; p. air out, pni-ukshla.

protect, v.t., shualali4mpka; tidsh pugnacious; to be p., kila.

shlépopka, shlé’pka.
protract, v. t., shuinshna.
protrude, v.i., by swelling, thiza;
v. t., p. the tongue, vutikapka.
provide, v.t.; no ex. eq.: p. against
danger, sassiga; p. an arrow with a

|

point, sha-tla; for somebody, sha-

ulia; p. for somebody, shlé’pka, shu-

alaliampka; p. well for somebody, |
tidsh shlépopka; to be provided with,

gi; cf. gi (4): provided with, gitko,

suffix -ltko; provided with money, |

talaltko; provided with eyes, 1i’Ipal-
tko; with arrows, taldshitko; with
legs, pétchaltko.
provident, tidshkidnki; to be p.,
tidshkianki gi. Cf. sassdga.
provision; p. for the fire-place,
shiidshgi’shalsh.

provisions, pdsh; Chin. J., muk- |

amuk; p. buried in a caché, vumi; |

p. hung m sacks wpon trees, igeaya;

provision-house, ipaksh; bag, sack

pull, v.t., ishka; spukiga, kfuléka;
p. apart, long obj., pikta; one who
pulls apart, paktish; p. after oneself,
spidsha; p. by a handle or lng-
shaped end, utcha-ika; p. forth, drag
out, splamna; p. by hand, Rhiuléza ;
p. out, p. at something, as ears,
spitadsha; p. out, as hair, grass,
putédga; p. out with the roots, pa-
laléa; p. out, extract, ishka, ftkal;
round obj., ludshipa, shulshipa;
one long obj., kshatgatnila, udshi-
pa, pl. idshipa, pokdya; p. out a
rope, ete., spika; when fastened at
one end, spidshti‘dshna; p. out from
one’s body, shup&hlka, shuptéga;
p. out for a fight, shupdshka, hu-
shtédpakta; p. through or onward,
shtfi‘nshna, sti’nka; p. up, as roots,
fruits, fshka, ftkal; as a flag, kiu-
yéga; p. up small particles, kuek-
nola; to open by pulling, pakedla.
Cf. draw, v.

proprietor—push. 631

pulse, s., beating of p., huktish.

pulverize, v.t. cf. grind, mash,
pound, v.; pulverized fish, kamalsh.

pumice-stone, tchdke; covered
with p.-s., tchokéyaltko.

pummel, v.t. shuitka; shitiga, in
the d. form sisséka; p. each other,
shuktapka. Cf. beat, scuffle, v.

punch, v. t., shéka, spaka; aper-
ture made by punching, shékish.

puncture, v.t., hushtiwa; to prick,
stupka. Cf. prick, stab, v.

punish, v.t., né-ulakta; né-ulza,
shiktchaktchna; p. somebody ab-
sent, ne-ulaktampka; p. by imprison-
ment, spulhi, pl.ilhi; p.for mentioning
a deceased person's name, shlamia.

punster, ka-ikash, shéshtalkash.

pup, puppy, lelédshi, wéash; dim.
leledshidga, wéka.

pupil of the eye, pushpushli (1dl-
pam) liwayaks.

pur, v.i, shiléza, tchit’nléza.

purchase,-y. t., skéa.

pure, of water, yalialtko, yaliali,
tsuktstikli; to become p., yaliala.

purloin, v.t. palla; p. repeatedly,
palapéle.

purloiner, papalish.

purple, adj. p.-colored, wmiitch-
mii’tehli; p.-blue, yamnashptchi;
Jjay-colored, a shade between p. and
blue, tehye-utchyé-uptchi; p. sal-
mon, etchmii’na.

purpose, s.; on p.,-when con-
nected with verbs, is sometimes
indicated by the verbal suffix -pa;
to no p., huna’shak, nii’nsak,

purse, wakogsh; money-p., talalam
wakoksh.

pursue, v. t., ké-iha, shi’dshna;
p. Jor somebody, kaihfa; p., chase,
tpuyamna; one who pursues, tpu-
tpayamnish; p., hunt up, haitchna;
p. closely, kpitcha, kpitchna; kpi-
laktcha; p. as an enemy, shuli-
tanka; p., follow while drifting,
inan., lilamna; p. and catch up
with, pend’dsha; p. repeatedly, ka-
ikanka; p. to a distance, kAyak-
tchna; to be engaged in pursu-
img, kayaktcha; to begin pursu-
ing, kayaktampka; to return from
pursuing, kayaktka; p. while hunt-
ing, chasing, fighting, gashaktchina;
p. each other, sht’dshna; p. each
other persistently, repeatedly, shti’-
kanka,

pursuit, s.; to be in the p. of, to re-
turn from the p., cf. pursue, y.

pus, mdlash. Cf. core.

push, v. t., and to continue pushing,
ktfudshna; p., force away, ktuldéd-
shna, kteléshka; p. away by hand,
hilddshna; p. down, under, y{-ush-
na, ktfuléza; p. down, attended with
injuries, vu@hitakuéla; p. forward,
round things, 10’tkala; p. into, iku-
ga; p. mto or towards, ke-ulala; p.
aff, over the edge, yiulina; p. one-
self, shikta’dshna; p. open, ktiugi-
tla, ktiuyéga; p. or force out af,
ktiuga: for somebody, ktiugia; p.
over, on the top of, ktiwfyi; p. re-
peatedly, ktulédshna; p., post or lift
up, ktiwala, ktiwizi.

632

pustule, tehimtash; covered with
p., or their marks, tehimtatko.

put, v. t.; no ex. eq.: p. against, la-
kia, v. med. shélgia; to go and p.
against, shilgidsha; p. alongside of,
or p. down along, yantana; p. the

legs, ete., apart, skéka; hushpt'tza;

p. around oneself, as beads, i-amna;
garments, shlckla, skiita; « belt, ete.,
kath, syuita; p. asunder, p into por-
tions, shidtka; p. to bed, hushkaélya;
p. below, ef. p. under ; p. to death, shi-
uga, hushtchdka, pl. Itela, hush-
tchédka, Mod. pl. liela, shuénka,
heshyi’ki; p. to death by hanging,
kshagedya, pl. iggdya; p. each other
to death and oneself, hishtv‘ka; cf
kill, shoot, slay, stab, v.; p. or place
down, ita, élya, lélka, nélya, shlélza;
fla, d. yéla; p.down, as intoaquiver,
yantana; p., line on one’s face, shi-
ipka télishtat, shiapka; on oneself,
shutpdishui, shuteléma;__ shi-ita ;

pitch, ete., shi’dsha; habitually, shu- |

telomishla; p. forward, espec. fin-
gers, spélsha, spélshna; p. im the
hands of all, hushliamna; p. in, into or
on for mixing, kéwa, kituini; p. inside,
indoors, spulhi, pl. ilhi; iwina; p.
into, kshékuga, kshéla, pl. fkuga,
yala; p. into again, tkuakpéli; p.
into sacks, to shove into bags, iwiza,
shilha; p. ito the pocket, shalak-
tehui; p. into a basket, hishtchaytiga,
ulézuga; p. into water, iwa; p. in

the mouth obj. larger than mouth,

|

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

kpiamna; not protruding from it,
shikpualkana; p. on, add, said of
conjurers, ete., néta, nétna; p. on
airs, shutakta, shalkid-a; shapkua,
Mod. shapkud-a; p. on an armor,
parflesh, kaknéla; p. on loose, shlé-
tana; p. on, as a ring, ilhi; p. on
the top, upper end, surface of, wal-
dsha; nawal, kshawal, kshtiwal, pl.
iwila; p. paint on, cf paint, s.; p-
out the arm, nika; the feet, spika,
sptka pe’tch; the head, etka, eika-
na; the tongue, vutikapka, pclke
pawatch; p. out fire, spitchka, Mod.
spitcha; p. over, to smear on, ipka,
ita, ftechua; all over, nanukash ita;
p. or spread over, tdsya, lidsya,
ne’dsya; wildsha; p. under, below,
fkla, inotila, puetila, netila; wnder
the surface of, utila; p., store under-
ground, ilktcha, vumi, p’ndna, hi-
widsha; p. upon, deposit on, down
upon, tla, niore freq. d., yala; ikla;
round obj., likla; seeds, sand, ete.,
éwa, iwa; p. upon or within, one
long obj., kshéwa.

putrescent, milualtko; with of-

fensive smell, ndttpatko; to become,
be p., leli’ma, ndépa. Cf. decay, v.

iputrid, ndtpatko; to become, be p.,

lelii’ma, ndépa; p. smell, ndtipash.

pyramid of sticks, rails, ete., tti-

lash, stuilash, dim. tiilka; to stand
in p.-form, tila.

pyramidal, tchaktchakli.

pustule—quiver.

633

Q.

quadruped, lilhanksh; cf. Texts, |
p. 145, 1; young q., lelédshi, wéash,
dim. leledshidga, wéka; young of |
certain guadrupeds, as of elk, ta- |
walsh, of deer, w’hlaga. Cf. game.

quagmire, mt'Imulatko.

quail, takdga; female q¢., Mod. ta-
kdga; male q., Mod. tikiga.

quality; no ex. eq.: of such ¢.,
having such q., gémtehi, hiuntechi;
having moral qualities, stefnshaltko ;
having good qualities, tidshi; bad
qualities, kividshi.

quandary; to be in a q. about,
lé...... wak, 1i/wak; the verb: sha-
yuaikta to be supplied.

quarrel, v. i. to argue, shempéta;
to dispute, argue among each other,
hashtaltala; to inveigh against, sha- |
shalkia; to cast invectives, hushtlina;
to scold, shuké’ki, shukikshléa; to.
wax wroth at each other, hishtchakta:

to come to blows, shiuga, especially —
d. sissdka; shuktapka.

quarreler and habitual q., shitch-
Aktnish, shuke’kish.

quarter of a dollar, kuata;
fourth.

quartz-rock, ukaé-ukash, Mod.

queer, wennini, abbr. wénni.

question; toaskaq., vila; to reply |
toa q., vulya.

quick, adj., of persons, tcheltchela-_
tko; to be q., wide-awake, tchéltche- |

|
|
ef.

‘quietly,

la; to be q., to act with quickness,
killa.

quickly, quick, adv., kil, kil-
ank, palakmaélank; pdlak, Mod.
pélak; very q., pilakak; ¢., imme-
diately after, tinkt at; go quick!
kila gén’i! to look about q., tehcl-
tehela.

quiet, adv.; silently,

kémkem; easily, ké-una; being at

rest, g¢tak, Mod. tanktak, kanktak;

be or keep quiet! hitok i! gétak!

Mod. kanktak! tanktak!

quill, lasham awilésh; q. of porcu-

pine, shmiyam; robe fringed with
such, shmayalsh.

-quilt, gadaktish.
quit, v.t 5 often expressed by the

adv. phrase at g¢étak, Mod. kank-
tak, and by the verbal suffix -déla,
-tla; ¢., stop, Kléwi; quit / léki! pl.
Iékat! gétak! vtech git gi! Mod.
tinktak! kanktak! g. again, sht’'k-
péli; g., leave, as a house, ete.,
Klewidsha, e¢ka, gékna, gttikaka.
Cf. depart, v.

quite, adv., ka-a, apoc. kA; ttm;
mt. Cf. intensely, very.

quiver, tikanksh; g. with its string
and arrows, stilanksh; stilanksh-
shute-étkish; q.-strap, stilash, tiik-
ankshti stilash, tiikanksti shute-<ét-
kish.

iz}

-_

—

I

I

—_—

_ =

~

—

634

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

R.

abbit; gray, white-tailed r., nkii'l;
jackass-r., cotton-tailed r., tchudké-
na; a species, Lepus campestris,
kaé-i; another species of Lepus, kui-
kuish.

‘abid, kflosh; demented, tchawika-
tko, lékatko.

‘accoon, Procyon lotor, watehki-
na.

race, s., shakatpampélégish; horse-

r., hushénish; to have a horse-r.,

Joot-r.,- hushinii-a; to engage in ar.

of any description, shakatpampé-

léa, shttina, shuinéa.

race, v.t.and i., shttina, shuinéa, sha-_

katpampéléa; r. horses, hushinii-a.
‘acking horse, wilitgish.
‘adiate, v.t.; 7. light, ktchalhua,
ktchalya, ktchalui, shnitya; r. heat,
warmth, ktchalya. Cf. beam, ray.
‘after, shanhish, Mod. shidnhish.
‘ag, i-eshkétkish; 1, torn cloth, té-
shashko; to make a blanket from
small rags, teshashkuala.
‘age, s.; lobemar., kilua, shawiga;
to get into a r., shitchdkta, shitché-
ktna; to excite to r., shnikaélua.

with rails, shutédshka.
‘ailroad, lWloks-wii/génam-stt.
‘ain, s., kto’dshash; rainfall, rain-

storm, kt6’dshash; the r. is over, ktu-

dshidla, kéléwi kt6/dshash, smahui;

yr. and snow falling simultaneously,
ktlyash.

rain, v.i., kto’dsha; to begin to r.,
ktudshtémpka; to cease raining,
ktudshidéla, sméhui, smahuy dla.

rainbow, witchiak, Mod. shtcha-
lapshtish; bright bow in the double
r., tchakidga; dim, fading bow in
the same, welékaga.

raise, v.t. kiuléka, shuyéga; r. by
motion of hands, Whiuléza; r. along
obj., uyéga; r. above something,
shuyéga; 7, as children, chickens,
hishtatcha; r. on a stick, pole, or one
long-shaped obj., aggdya, pl. ig-
gaya; while going, marching, agga-
idsha, aggdé-idshna; r. up, make
stand up, spitkala, shuyéga; r. up
again, liwatkal; rv. up obliquely,
kiuyéga; 7. up repeatedly, kiutka;
r. up to an erect position, shnatkuala;
r. vegetables, plants, hashud-a. Cf.
hoist, lift, v.

rake, spelétaklitch, Mod. waka-
tchétkish.

rake, v.t., r. together, sheké’lki.

ram, laki shi’p, Mod. lakf ki-il.

sail, fence-r.,ktchinksh; to surround |

~

‘amrod, Idloksgish iwizétkish.

‘ange, s.; hill-r., r. of mountains,
witchkatko; yaina.

rap, v.i, tkaé-ukua; r. with a stick,
uké-ukua.

rapid, killitko; kilank; tober., kila

rr

er = =

_

~

a et

~

_

—

1

rabbit—reason.

capidly, kil; pdlakand pélak, Mod.

pélak; very r., pdlakak, palakmé-
lank.

rash, killitko; to be r., hishnkfta.
rashly, ki’, kilank.
raspberry, titanksham lutish, ti-
tanksham fwam; 1.-shrub, titan- |

ksham.

rat; wood- or field-r.. kmimutch,

Mod. hépush; gray wood- or field-r.,
Neotoma, ki'dsa; flying wood-r.,

Pteromys volucella, tsatitsau ; kan-

garoo-r , Mod. ndi-ush.

rattle, v. t. and i, lilula, walta,

ka-ukawa; 7., as bones, la-uliwa;
to make a rattling noise, shawAltana;
when said of arrows, tédshité’dshi;
r., as beads, dry claws, yauydwa,
ya-uya; 7. around, lili; frequently,
lulikanka; 7. through shaking, sha-
walta; as dry peas in a bottle or
gourd, heyéna.

‘attle of rattlesnake, shli-imugsh
‘attlesnake, ké-ish.
‘ave, v.i, shawiga or tchawika; |

Cf. rabid.

kilua.

‘aven, ka-ak; “Old Raven,” a mythic

bird personified, K4-akamtch.

‘avenous, vunékish.
ravine, paksh.
‘aw, shankish, shankitko; r., fresh,

ntchalkni; to be r., uncooked, shan-
ka, saké-a; to eat r, shankish pan,
saké-a;
skakéwash,
k1a’sh.

ay of light, ktchalyish; sunray,
ktchalyish, cf. sttitish; to emit,

tchmii‘tch; 7. skin,

read, “v: t,

reap,

r-boned, papatkiwatko, |

635

shed rays, ktchdlhua, ktchalya.

Cf. beam, radiate, v.

ray-grass, lé’p.
razor, hushmodklétkish.
reach, v.t.; r. a place, spot, gatka;

while walking in the distance, gat-
kapsha; r.a place, when unseen by
the one speaking, g&tpa, g4tpna
(q. v.); 7. home, the camp, lodge,
gatpamna; r. the ground when climb-
ing down, gélyalgi; r. after following,
pursuing, pend'dsha; to come near
reaching, gatpankshka.

reach, v.i; 7. to, k’léka; r. up to,

long subj., kapdta; 7. to a spot in
the distance, said of foot-prints
only, kuéntyapsha; reaching up to,
up, down to, panani.

pipa hashashudkia;
é-alya, i’-alya; cf. élya (4).

readiness; to put in r., inan. obj.,

nanuya.

Cf. ready.

ready, muluatko; to get, to make

oneself r. and to be r., mtilua; to make
oneself r. again, muludpéle; to be
entirely r., muld'la; to make every-
thing r., man. obj., ndnuya, shu-
téla; to make r. for the fight, hushté-
pakta. Cf. prepare, v.

really, ya; i-u, yu; 4i, hé4-i,

haitch, q. v. Cf. indeed.

v. t., fruits, berries, etc.,
lguya, Itakéya, pl. of subj. sté-ila;
r. and carry home, hiwi, hiwidshi;
to go and r., pl. of subj., stii-ildsha.

‘rear; inther. of, kuita,tapitana; stay-
? ? ] } b] iY

ing, coming in the r. of, tapitankni.

reason; no ex. eq.: for that r.,

636

hinkanti; in apodosis, hunkan-
tchii’; for the same r., himasht sha-
hunk eiug; for what r.? wak? (and
compounds); for no apparent r.,
huna’shak, abbr. hiinsak; nii/nsak.
Cf. account, therefore.

reassemble, v. i, shukt’lkipéli.

recede, v. 1, ki’gi; 7. or disappear
again, ki’ gipéle.

receive, v.t., fo get, shnika; rv. again,
shntkpéli; . back by exchanging for
other articles, heshzalpéli; r. the
same thing again, as garments, etc.,
hashlintchuipéle; 7. a newcomer,
visitor, tilo’tpa; r. well, in a friendly
manner, with honors, stinta.

recent, té-ini; 7, fresh, ntchalkni.

recently, nia, té-in; very 7, té-in;
té-intaks nia.

receptacle, iwigétkish; if round-
shaped, wakogsh.

recess; den of a wild animal, shni- |

lash, wa’sh; into recesses, cliffs,
marshes, bushes, timber, and other
localities of difficult access, when
connected with verbs, as to stand,
sit, lie, gather im, go or retire, is ex-
pressed by the verbal suffix -Aya.
Cf. ambush, gather, v. i., lie, v. i.

reckless, létalani; fo be r., hishn-
kita, ndshifptehpa.

recline, v.i.; r. sidewise, kidpka; |

r. against back of chair, kshapéata.
Cf. lie, v. i., reeumbent

recognize, v. t., kiiya; shayu-

akta; not to r., kd-ikéma; to see
somebody within recognizing dis-
tance, telitankpka.

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

recollect, v. t, htsha; hish-
canka, in Mod. also képa, kozpak-
kanka, in Mod. also képa, koypak
ta, shvuytisha, Mod. shvuyushiga.

recolleetion, htshkanksh, in
Mod. also kézpash.

reconnaitre, v. t., kmiaka.
scout, v..and s.

Cf.

reconquer, v. t, shnukapéli;
tmeshgapéle, pl. yimesheapéle.

recover, vy. t., by finding, gawal-
peli; r. one’s health, wémpéle, hesh-
udimpéeli,

rectum, kilft; lower end of r., kiu,
kilit.

recumbent, sptkatko. Cf. re-
cline, v.

recur, v.i.; 7. to magic songs, shui-
shla.

red, taktikli; to be or become r.,
ta’ytka; to blush, ta’ytki; to be at
r. heat, tehiitchiga; ef. hot, inean-
descent; 7.
kle’pki,

redden, v.t., taktakli shiita.

body-paint, wakinsh,

Cf.
paint, v.

reddish, kétcha taktakli.

red fox, wan, cf. fox; 7. f-skin,
win.

red-head duck, <Aythya ferina
var. americana, killa.

reduce, v.t.; r. to poverty, misery,
slavery, yualkish shiita; x. to ashes,
shnélya.

redwood, Sequoia sempervirens,
viluandsham.

reed, the larger species of bulrush,
ind-i, in Mod. also tkap; full of tall

reeds, mayaltko; species of r., klii’-

“*

reassemble—reload. 637

pi, tehdk; of a lacustrine r., widshi- |
. . |
bam; species of the genus Phrag-_

mites, sha'l; r.-like stem for arrows,
nte’ktish; r-flute, r.-pipe, shldélush,

stiitash; r.-stem of tobacco-pipe, pa-
litkish ; small r.-basket, teliks, dim.

téliyaga. Cf. bulrush, grass.
reef, skii’wash; to run against a r.,
syutalya.
reel, v.i., lemléma, wekishtchna.
re-enter, v.t. andi. gulipéh, pl.
kilhipéle, contr. kilibli.
reflect, v.t.; 7. objects being near,
said of water, glass, shétalua; 1.
the sunlight, ktchdlhua, ktchalta;

r. into the eyes so as to injure them, |

shtchttyampka; to be reflected by a
smooth surface, sh¢étalua.

reflect, v. t., to think, hishkanka,
in Mod. also képa; hi’shka, shéwa,
héwa.

reflection and power of r., hi-
shkanksh; in Mod. also: kéypash.

reflective, of a r. disposition,
stefnshaltko.

refuse, v.t., lewitchta; 7. by shak-

ing the head, wlakétchktcha, shua-

katehktcha.

region of land, kitla; dark r. be-
low, lémina; coming from there,
lémundkni, munatilkni.

regret, v.t. yudalka.

rein of leather, pukéwish.

reject, v. t., to throw away, kédsha,
vutédsha, vutédshna; 7. as useless,
ete., priedsha.

rejoice, y.i, 7. over, ko-ishéwa,
kuyéwa.

rejoin, v. t, galdshui; gaptdga,
gawina; r. clandestinely, hushtitan-
ka. Cf. join, meet.

rekindle, v. t, 7. a camp-fire,
shi’dshapéli.

relapse, v.i, 7. ito disease, kal-
kéla; one rd into disease, kalak.

‘relate, v.t, shApa; r.to somebody
shapiya; r., to tell so, kshapa; r.
Sacts, stories, myths, shashapkélia.

related; r. as father to son and
vice-versa, sha-ungdltko; 7. as
daughter to mother, or vice-versa,
shepialtko; r., as brother to sister,
and v. v., shutpakshaéltko; 7. as
elder brothers and sisters to younger
brothers and sisters, and v. v., shata-
piiltko; 97. as older to younger
brothers or male cousins, shetzé-
unaltko; 7., as younger sister to
elder brother, shutpakshaltko; ., as
sisters or female cousins, shaptalal-
tko; r., as female cousins, shapka-
tchaltko; 7., as male cousins (sons
of brothers or sisters), shupumtchi-
shaltko; 7. by marriage, as brothers-
or sisters-in-law, shumaledltko; 1.
as brother- or sister-in-law, shi-
ptehzaltko.

relations, sh4-amoks.

relinquish, y.t., hushlindsha, du.
tishlindsha, pl. tflindsha; k’lewi-
dsha, k’lewidshna; tulina, ptiedsha;
r. on the way, \élktcha, nélktcha;
shlélktcha; long obj., kshélktcha,
pl. élktcha.

reload, vy. t., @ gun, rifle, tkuak-
péli.

638

r

v

— =—

~

_

_

—~

emain, v.i, tehfa, gt; 7. at, m,
within a place, house, camping
site, tehia, pl. also wa; r. in inac-
cessible places, tgakaya, pl. liukaya;
r. continually at, tchi’dsha, pl. wa-

dshuga; r., stay near, tchipka, pl. |

lualéya; near the water, on shore, |

tealiga, pl. liuliga; 7. on or in the
ground, ipka; r. on, wpon, round
subj. laliga; r. over, as after use,
welina; 1. standing, tgtita, pl. lévu-
lita; 7. standing on, tgikéla, pl. liu-
kaya; r. sitting on, tchaggdya, pl.
wawageaya; 7. within, indoors, tchi-
wii; tchizéga, pl. wadshuga. Cf.
stand, stay, v.
emains of bodies burnt, néwisht;

r. or corpse, k’lekitko tchulé’ksh;

lekatko.

‘emarkably, wénni; tidsh.
‘emedy of a palpable or spiritual

nature, yé-uks. Cf. medicine.

‘emember, v. t., hishkanka, in

Mod. also képa, koypakta; shvu-
ytisha, Mod. shvuyushaga.

‘emembrance, hishkanksh, in

Mod. also kézpash.

‘em ote, adj., atini, abbr. ati; round |

obj., 1é’ntko, q. v.; 7. or coming from
r. parts, atikni, kufkni.

‘emotely, adv., att; far off, ku, kv-i.
‘emove, v.t., to make go, displace,

shidshla or shidshna; long-shaped
or heavy obj. and persons, éna, pl.
éna and (chiefly Mod.) idsha, fd-
shna; vutédsha; round obj., lulhi,
lili; léna; rv. to the former place,
seat, émpéle, pl idshampéli; partic.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

removed, far off, cf. remote; 7., con-
vey, carry along, atpa, pl. itpa, ftpna;
remove! get away! kuitak! to con-
tinue removing, displacing, shiash-
Ikanka; r. back, home, ftpampéli; 7.
the fiber-bark, stépéla; habitually,
stépalsha; r. from, illdla, tita, shnu-
ka; by taking out of, ika, tkaga, fkna;
long obj., titza, pl. ftza; +. illicitly,
t'méshka, pl. yiméshka; antilipka;
r. by sending out, skiyui, skuyushka,
skuyuépéli; r. from oneself, shia-
shka,; rv. from by cleaning, ntchashka;
by sweeping, vudshi'shka; r. from,
out of again, émpéle, itpampéli,
ikampéli, ikakpéle, t’meshkapele;
r. from the fire, as meat, tchéleyéga;
r. from one’s body, face, as paint,
shiapkéla, shiktaldsha; rings, ete.,
shulshipa; by shaking, shuilalshka;
r. from one’s mouth, shataknila,
shatatka; to see somebody removing
from his mouth, tilutaknila; 7. from
position, anim. and inan., shnéké-
lui, vutédsha; 7. by force, by driving
out, kputcha, kpuitchna, tptidsha;
r. by hand or feet, by pushing, kicking,
hilt’dshna, Mod. yild’dshna; +.
ground, sod, putéya; r., as furniture
in aroom, shdlashla; to be, become
removed from, anim., wenniala;
inan., from the body, gilzi, niwalka.
Cf. lift, move, take, v.

remove, v. i; 7. with or without

Family or relatives, médsha, shema-
shla; 7. into another family, hashua-
kla; to be removed, go away, inan.,
niwalka.

rem ain—resin.

reobtain, v. t. shnikpéli; while
going, fetching, iktchapéli; 7., as gar-
ments, ete., hashlantchuipéle; long

or anim. obj., t?meshkapéli, pl. yime-

shkapéle; 7. by bartering or by pay-
ment of money, heshzalpéli.
repay, v.t. a debt, kitchakéla.

repeat, v. t., what is said, pé’'n hu- |

masht (or nd-asht) gi; r. while
speaking, saying, hemkankéatchna ;
r., said of a conjurer’s assistant, li-
tatka; 7. a song, tune, shuinala.
repeatedly, pé’n, pénak; or ex-
pressed by verbal suffixes of itera-

tion, as -péli, -tamna, etc., and by |

the distributive form of words.

repeater; assistant of a congurer,
litatkish, more frequently ldltat-
kish; to act as the r. of a conjurer,
wizard, lutatka.

replenish, v. t., éwa; stagi; to
be replenished, fed, éwa. Cf. fill, v.

replete, .adj., stani; to be r., sta;
to repletion, adv., sta

reply, v. t, to a question, vulya;
walya, d.of vilya; kédsha; 7., when

engaged in conversation, shé’gsha, |

vulya; hémtchna.

report, v.t.; 7, @ell, shapa; r. to, |

shaptya; r., to make ar., heshégsha,
shégsha; r. truthfully, shegshéwa;
r. falsely, shikita, shikitna; 7. against,
unfavorably, heshégsha; to commence
reporting to, shapitampka; to cease
reporting to, shapiytila; r. in the
capacity of a messenger, stilza, stil-
tchka; r., carry news, stillidanka;
r. back, stilshampéli; +. after return-

639

ing, stilhipéli; to go and r., stiltch-
na; ‘‘as reported,” when referring
to facts only, mat; to sayings, nen.
‘eport, s.; loud r., téwish; to pro-
duce a r., said of the elementary
forces, shtchaydshla. Cf noise.
‘epose, v.i., to rest, kedshikéla.
epresent, v. t., shapfya, shé’e-
sha; r. wrongly, shikita, shik{tna.
‘eprimand, vy. t., shakakta, shka-
naga; r. in a forcible manner, kil-
létana.
eproach, y. t., shakakta; killé-
tana. Cf. scold, v.
repudiate, v.t., vutédsha, vutéd-
shna, kédsha. Cf. reject.
epulse, v. t., as an enemy, tpu-
gidsha; tpuli; r. repeatedly, tpugi-
dshapélitimna.
‘equest, v. t; vula; r. by calling
up, shatma, shétma.
equire, v.t., shand-uli, héméni,
vila; r. to do something, shatéla.
escue, v.t., hishtchi, shnékshita.
‘resemble, v.i; r. as to features,
télha; resembling, -ptchi, shitko,
shuhankptchi; resembling a little,
kétcha shuhénkptchi. Cf. alike to.
resent, v.t.,né-ulakta; r. when adead
person's name is mentioned, shlAmia.
reservation; Indian r., makla-
ksam shitIkish, shid’Ikish.
reside, v.i., 7. at, tchia, ef; 7. among
others, tchawina, pl. shii’kla. Cf
live.
residence, tchi’sh, wa’sh; former
y., tehfwish.
resin, stiya; lquid r., walakish;

_

~

i)

_

a

_

ber]

_

er)

oR

640

r. of the sugar-pine, tchatcha-pélu;
pine-gum, laligo; containing r., sti-
altko.
resist, v.t., lewitchta.
resolute, adj, tidsh shepelpelatko,
resolve, v.t, ncé-ulza.
resound, vy. i, hiiima; emphat.,
hiimédla; 7. like thunder, shilshila;
r., as a bell, walta.
respiration, hukish.
resplendent; tobe r., ktchalhua,

ktchalya, ktchalui; shnitya ; to glit-

ter, tchéltchela.

~

on the ground, inan. lbtika, Usha,
lisha; 7., stay on the top of, wilhas-
lashna; r. on the way, tikélya; at
times, tuklaktehna.

‘est, s.; to take ar., kedshikdla; to

-

go to r., sleep, kténdsha; animals,
kli’shlya; time for r., sleep, spu-
Cf. lie, v. i., lulalkish
‘esting-place, couch, shahiash,
Cf. bed.
‘estless, to be, tehtyatza.
‘estore, v.t.; r. to, return to, she-
to health,

ni’ ksh.

~

—_—

wanapéli, shlé-ipéle; 1.
heshudmpéli, yé-uka.
‘etake, v.t., shnikapéli; long obj.,

_

t'meshkapéli, pl. yimeshkapéeli. Cf.
take, v.
‘etire, v.i. 7. again, shi’kpéli; r.

to bed, ktansha; sktlya, pl. lilalya;
r. from, gayatgoéla; r. into the woods,
Cf. recess.

‘etreat, v.i,gémpéle; r.into woods,

etc.

recesses, ete., hukaya, du. tushkaya, |
pl. tinzaya; to force to r., tpull,

‘est, v.1, 7. om, lie on, skiilha; r. |

WNGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

tpulina, tptidsha, tptidshna; shitka.
Cf. go, flee, run, v.

return, v.i, generic, gémpéle; 7.
at a distance from or unseen by
the one speaking, gAtpampéli; .
to the spot where the object spoken
of or the person speaking is, ¢ép-
gapéle; r. by going through or out
of the place habitually occupied,
eckampéli; r. home, shegdipéle, eém-
péle; from a journey, taménétka,
téluitka; *., remove to the former
place, medshimpéli; 7., when moy-
ing in a circle, huggidsha, d. wag-
etdsha; rv. from the chase, gankank-
tka; r. froma visit, tluitka; r. in
somebody’s company, spungitka; r.
and tell, r. to report, stilhipély, stilli-
dinka, stiltchna.

return, y. t., émpéle, pl. idsham-

peli, shewanapéli; 7. things pre-
viously given, shewanadpéli; 7. obj.
enveloping the whole body, shlat-
pampéli, shlé-ipéli; r. to by throw-
ing, puekampéli, vuttt-ipéle.

reveler; company of revelers, she-
shyeila-ash.

reverberate, v.t.,7. light, ktchalta,
ktchalhua, shctalua. Cf. reflect, v.

revere, v.t., stinta.

revert, v. i, gémpéle, gépgapéle ;

ofdsha (for hu-

D

huggidsha, d. wag

oo
hagetdsha).
revive, v 1, tobe revived, wempéle;
to be revived several times, tchiltgi-
Cf. life.

revolve, v.i., ktiwalkidsha; rv. about,

péletamna,

wageidsha; to make r., ktiwalkidsha.

resist—ripe.

revolver, shikénitgish. Cf. pistol.

reward, v.t., kitchakéla.

rhapsodist, shashapkeélé-ish.

rheumatic; tobe or become r., shne-
ulia, Mod. sniula.

rib, r.-portion, lalash.

ribbon, lipai, Mod. lfpin.

rich; 7. inmoney, talaltko; r. in pro-
perty, shunuishaltko; tima shtinu- |
ish gitko; mti shétaluatko; 7. in va-_
rious kinds of property, nanuktua |
shunuishaltko.

riches, shtnuish.

ride, v.i.; r. on horseback, watchtat
tchi’kla, watchatka tehikla, tchi’-
kla, watchtat hushétchna; to go and
r., hushatsa; 7. upon, hushédkanka; |
r. after an object seen, teluakiya; 7. |
around, to prance about, hushdlalza;
r. fast, hushatsa, hushétchna; 7. 7 a
Jile, kintehna; r.back ina file, kinteh-
dmpéle; rv. ata gallop, shnii’-uldsha,
hushétehna ; 7. homeward, back, |
gelapkapéle; r. on a swing, syinue-

towards, hu-

ta, shulakuawéta; r.
dshétehipka; r. while on a trip, jour-
ney, hudsdétcha; rv. at a trotting gait,
shliihuya; r. wp to, hushotpa, hu-

shi dsha; 7. in awagon,sled,ete., lena.

ridge, roaf-shaped body, gilhuapksh;
to form ar., extend inar., gilhua;
r. of mountains, yaina, witchkatko.
rifle, liloksgish; to load ar., ikuga,

iwiza; to reload a ry, ikuakpéli; to

shoot with a r., shlin, pl. ytita; téwi.

right, adj., correct, talaak; just,

talini; good, tidshi; at the r. time, |

tché-etak; to make r., talaak shuta. |
41

641

right, adj.,onr. hand side,stelapkish.
right here, adv., gi'ta, gi’tata,

hatak, hataktak; gén, gin; 7. h., re-
ferring to persons, long objects,
ha’t; r. h. on the ground, hitok,
hita, hid; sét h./ gina tehaly!

rightly, tala, talaak.

right- minded, talani, tidsh
huishkanksh gi’tko.

rigid, witchwitchli; to be r., as with
cold, tapszoya.

irigidly, witchwitch.

rim, s., encircling kettle or other vase,
aggima.

rind of fruit, ktchelédlash, tchilak.

ring, v.t. asa bell, shnahualta; a
door-bell, spatchiga.

ring, s., finger-r., népshish; r. around
sun, sun-halo, séla, shakatchalish,
cf. circle and gather, v. 1.; nose-r.,
shipkgish; +., ripple im the water,
tcheléwash; to form a r., hashamp-
ka, liulya; said of persons stand-
ing, taki’ma; to form coils or rings
with a rope, ete., weplakia4mna; to
form a moving r., to move in a r.,
gaki’ma; to produce rings in the
water, tcheléwa; to place ar. on
one’s finger, népshish ilhi; to stand
in ar. with others, tgakidimna, pl.
liukiamna, lualéya; r.-shaped, an-
nular, kalkali.

bip, vot; 2, as cloth, padsha; 7.
open, ktakaga; successively, ktaka-
kitchna; r. up with the teeth, kawa-
kaga.

ripe, yélmatko; to be, become r. for
eating, ndka.

642

ripen, v.i, ndka; to let r., shnika-
nua; ripened, yélmatko.

ripple, s, tcheléwash; to produce
ripples in the water, tcheléwa; to
form ripples spontaneously, shtche-
léwa.

rise, v. i.; no ex. eq.: 7. from bed,
sleep, pitkal, patkalpéli; 7, celes-
tial bodies, tinshipka, tiniéga, tinf-
zi; gé-upka; r. from the midst of a
prairie, river, ete., samké-a; 7., said
of liquids, 4mpuala; 7. in the moun-
tains, said of a stream, tiundli; 7,
jump on one’s feet, tkaléga; huyéga,
No. 2; du. tushiéga, pl. tiniéga; 1.
suddenly, hitkalshna; hitkala, hit-
kalpeli; +. up from the ground, tga-
wléza, teélza; pl. lueludlya, Mod.
lualo’‘lya; 7. up after depression,
inan. subj., hfuhiwa; to cause to r,
anim obj., shuyéga; rising at an
early hour, una‘kni. Cf. arise, v

rivalize, v. i, in shooting, hishlan

river, kéke; 7. of smaller size, kéka-
ea; canalized r., nti’ltsanuish ; r.-
bed dried up, kupkupéle; kokAlam
palkish, pdlkuish; uké, Mod. Cf.

rivulet, stream.

rivulet, kékaga; tiuno’Ish; élet,

tukudga.
road; r.-way, sti; ginszish; r. cleared
of obstacles, shutédshanuish; to make
ayr., and to place on the r., sttiya; to
approach by the r., trail, shakatla.
roar, v. 1. hama; said of wild
beasts, yéa, wéa; of cascades,
tiwi; 7. gently, shiléza; r. loudly,
shuldlza.

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

2
“*

Wowie r. of falling waters, ti-
wish; to produce a distant r., crash,
Ifuna.

roast, v. t., as on the fire-place,
lishna, nédka; r. provisions in the
ground, awala; r. on the hot coals,
nékla, tchlaldla; r. in a pit, pika;
yoasted, piikatko; r. on a spit, kiu-
lala; notroasted or cooked, shankitko,
shankish.

roaster, person who roasts, pt-
kish.

roast-pit; former r. p., pikuish.

robber, tet’maddshish.

robe; long r., kiks; to wear al r.,
kéka; skin-r., skitash; to dress
oneself in a skin-r., skiita; r. made
of rabbit- or other skins, kailiu;
buckskin-r. of females fringed with
porcupine - quills, shmayalsh. Cf.
blanket, mantle.

robin redbreast, wishkaga.

rock, v. i. 7. to and fro, hishtual-

kanka; r. to and fro continually, wa-
wikanka

rock, kté-i, dim. ktayiga; r.-ledge,
r.of hard texture, lalawash; lava-r.,
tehdltchlish, lalawash; detached r.-
cliff, walish; r. projecting from lake,
prairie, ete., samkdé-ush; 1. project-
ing above water, skii’wash; r. stand-
ing upright, hi’nuash; smaller, ya-
tish; r.-pit, ibutdkatko; r.-bound,
adj., kt’yalish; Standing Rock, q. v.

rocky, ktdyalish; kiidshi; r. slope,
shore, walish; 7. region, kt&yalish.

| Rocky Point, “nom pr. Joc.

Kumbat.

ripen—round. 643

rod, switch, shuckish; pole, walash,
wihlkish; r. for erecting sweat-
lodges, shtchaé-tish; fishing-r., vuka;
r. of a certain (aquatic) shrub, tu-
lish. Cf. branch, frame, willow.

roe, s., of fish, hli’/kash, Mod. lékash.

Rogue River, nom. pr. loc,
Walamsh, Mod; &. R. Butte, nom
pr. loe., Walamsh Yaina, Walamsh;
R. R. Indian, nom. pr. Walamskni
maklaks, Walamskni, Mod. Wal-
amswash; f. R. Valley, nom. pr.,
Walamskisham kiifla, Mod. WAl-
amswasham kiifla.

roiled, kuytmatko, tupéshti.

roll, v.t.; r. wp, shkapshtchala; r.
on the ground, floor, stilanshna;
r., coil oneself up, shuhatchyadla; r.
in the mouth an obj. protruding from
it, kpfamna; an obj. not protruding
from it, shikpualkana; r. downhill,
tilankuéla.

roll, v.13 7. against, around, along,
tilantana; r. around, tilaludnsha; 7.
away, tilankaénsha; r. down hill, nde-
ukuéla, pl. wetkuéla; 7. down, roll-
ing attended with injuries, vud’hi-
takuéla; r. forth and back, to keep
on rolling to and fro, tilankanka,
ry. down, in an oblique direction,
nde-ukuéla, pl. wetkuéla; 7. off and
down, tilalina; r. on, tila. The de-

rivatives of radix ndé-u signify as |

well éo roll as to fall; cf. fall, slide, v.
rollhead; cf. turn-head.
romp, v. i. léwa.
roof, shlAnualsh; r.-pillar, stutilash,
walash; to cover with ar., shlanuala;

when resting on pillars, stutila;
hill, land shaped roof-like, witlash,
gilhuantko kitila.
roof, v.t3; 7. over, stutila.
roof-shaped, to be, gilhua.
room, s.; r. im house, shalatchgé-
pshtish; 7. in lodge, shultish; there
is r., space here, gita a ginuala.
root, v. 1, as hogs, shnikshékshuka.
root of plants, we'k, dim, wékaga;
round, bulbous r., lbika, litish; edi-
ble r., bulb, tuber, litish, maklak-
sam pash; species of edible r.:
yantch, klipa, ki’, kékatzash,
ka’ktai; conical r.-basket, yaki.
rope, tuntish; kniks, dim. knuka-
ga; short Indian hide-r., tintish;
to pass ar. through, stt’nka.
rose; wildr.-bush, dog-r.-bush, tchui-
tiam; berry of dog-r., tchiuiti.
rot, v.i. and to be rotten, leli’ma;
r.. while emitting offensive smell, ndé-
pa; rotten, fetid, ndupatko; r., said
of wood, ete., mi/luala; rotten wood,
mi/lu, mi/lualtko 4nku; smell of
rotten fish, tchmd’k. Cf. decay, v.
rotate, v. i, talkidsha, ktiwalki-
dsha, waggidsha.
rotten; cf. putrid, rot, v. i.
rottenness, rotten smell, ndtipash.
rough, adj. as to surface, kitch-
kitchli; r. and level, patpatli, tsu’-
hitswhli.
roughly, adv., kitchkitch; patpat.
round, rounded, kalkali; r. fruit,
luitish; rv. plant, bulb, tuber, Ibika;
yr bag, sack, wikogsh ; to become r.,
kaltki.

644

row, s., file, kimbaks; 7. of persons,
timshish; to stand in, form ar., as
trees, wdunla; to be, lie, stand at the
end of av., leliwa; to be high up m
ar. shultiyuala. Cf. file.

row, v. i, széna; r. back, home,
szabiptli, szatyidsha; r. along the
shore, syo-ikina; r. off the shore,
syowishka; r. about while fishing
with a light, skla‘tchkanka.

row, s, disturbance, shishikash; to

have a r., shiukttya; sissdka, d. of

Cf. fight, v. and s.

rower, sziyamnish.

rub, v.t.; generic: talika; 7. against
each other, shatchaktchaka; r. with
a brush, vudshlo’shka; r. by hand,
talika, ntchdshka; stdewise, kia-
kuga, Mod. kianéga; r. a notched
stick, as done at war-dances, uld-
kasha; 7. on, over somebody or
something, shidshka, shi-usha, shu-
tchd’sha; r. oneself, shatalika; 7.
oneself dry after bathing, washing,
hashpazpéli; x. oneself against a

on

shiuga.

tree, ete., shaldla, hlintana; +.
one’s body, shatalika, shi-usha, shu-

tchd’sha; on one’s back, shidlamna; |

what is rubbed on the body, shaté-
lakish; to make the motion of rub-
bing, yulalona.

rubbing-stone, small, used on |
the large mealing stone, shilakl- |

kish, pe’ksh.
ruddy, taktakli; to be or become r.,
taztka.
ruffle, v. t, shikantéla;
tishyalkuleatko.

ruffled, |

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

‘rule, v.i, né-ulya; 7. in favor of,
ne-ulzia. °

rule, s., sway, né-ulaksh.

ruler, lakf; great rv. lord, mini
laki; heavenly v., p'laikni laki.

rum, lim; +.-bottle, lamam wakoksh.

run, v.i.; generic: 7, rush within
sight of the one speaking, hidsha,
hiidshna; du. tuishtcha, tishtchna,
pl. tinsha, tinshna; unseen or at a
distance from the one speaking,
hidshampka, du. tushtchampka,
pl. tinshampka; 7. about, towards,

after, tptiya:

mna; after cach other, shii’dshna;

hika, pl. gaka; r.

r. after an obj scen, teluakiiya; r
against, hitala, hiitalya; as against
lo reef, szi-
talya; r. against, meet while run-

a log, hiwalya; a
ning, hupakléya; against a round
obj., lili, freq. lulikanka; r+. along,
as along a stream, against its cur-
rent, hufyansha, du. tushi’yansha,
pl. tinizansha; in the direction of its
current, htpélansha, du. tlishp’lan-
sha, pl. timp’lansha; +. around, ani-
mals, ntiyamna; 7. away from, li-

yaha, pl. gayaha; hi’shka, gii’sh-
ka; gtikaka, kédsha; hushlindsha,
du. tushlindsha, pl. tilindsha; hu-
dsha and hidshampka, see above;

r. away from, inan. obj., as_ hills,
woods, huikinsha, du. tushikinsha,
pl away through
Jright, vishuk hiitehna, visha; r.
back, home, hidshampéli; x. in cir-

tinfkinsha; 7.

cles, gakdla; in various directions,

wlakdtehktcha; +. down, r down to-

row—rush. 645

wards, hityi; r. down -into, vuléli;
r. down, rivers, ntd’/Itchna; nttl-
tyaga; tiundli; r. fast, ksiutaiki,
nkil ksfutiki, killikanka; r. habit-
ually, as animals, htinkanka; 7. into,
hidhe; again, hulipéli; continually,
hulhekanka; 7. into bushes, woods,

recesses, ete., hukéya, du. tushkéya, |

pl. tinzaya; cf. go, v.; 7. into a lake,
pond, as river, né-upka; r. into the

windings of a valley, hulipéli; 7.

into the water, hiwa, pl. tinua; r.

near or past, hutapéna, hutamsza; |

r. off near to, hutimpka, du. tush-
timpka, pl. tintampka; 7. out of,
hika, pl. gika; hikansha, obj. in
locat. case -tat; 7. out of again,

yeka, holapka; huwaliéga, pl. ga-
waliii’ea; running straight, asa line,
tiltali; running slow, horses, ete,
le-héwitko, Iéktchi-héwitko; to
reach by running, peno’dsha, huta-
péna; to jump while running, hutzi-
dsha; to start on a run, hitta, huitna.
©£ aush; v. i

run, v.t.; r. @to, as a pole into the

eround, téwa; r. or pass through,
asa rope, stt’nka; 7. arope through
oneself, stt’nzia; r. somebody down,
over, shulht’lya Cf. plant, v.
runaway, as animals, komt’shni.
‘runner, s.; one who runs, climbs,

_ hutehnéash.
rush, v.i.; for generic terms, cf.

hukanshampéli, hufyipéle; r. owtef| run, v.; 7. away from, hiyaha, pl.

woods, ete., hukaytla, du. tushka-

, hd ie . .
yula, pl. tinkayula; r. over, liquids,
tilhua, tila; r. over somebody, shul-
*hi’lya; r. past, by, hukiétansha;
XK ? ? J) b]

huya-edsha, hutapéna, hutamsya ;
yr. while shouting a war-whoop, |

i-oho-t'tehna; 7. straightways, in
direct line, towards, hitzapsha;
tilaak gintlanshna, gintlanshna;
r. towards somebody, hiitpa, hudsh-
fpka, holuipka; 7. towards some-
thing, hiitzapsha; 1. towards, said

of waters, nttltpa; in the distance, |
nttltchampka; r. through, water, |

nttiltchyantcha; all the time, ntil-

tchna; 7. through, r. up to, anim. |

subj., hélalza; r. up to, hitna, hul-

ladshui, holufpka; iterat. hulla- °

dshuitimna; 7. up into woods, re-

cesses, ete., huikini; 7. uphill, hi- |

edyaha; r. down, downhill, ndé-uli,
pl. wetéli; hutyi; inan., ktekudla ;
said of waters, shnintaltchna, ntt’]-
tehna; with noise, tiwi; rv. down
upon, birds, hintakia, kitcho’tki;
r. into, hilhe; frequently, hulhe-
kanka; r. near, between, hutamsya;
r. off unseen or at a distance, hti-
dshampka, du. tishtchampka, pl.
tinshampka; +. out of, hikansha,
du. ttishkansha, pl tinzansha; huik-
na; again, hikampéli; r. to a spot,
or to the ground, hityi; hika, pl.
gika; r. towards, against, at, in a
hostile intention, huitala, hutdlya,
hutpa, with their du. and pl.; 7 up
to somebody, hudshipka; +. upon,
” hita, hiitna.

-rush, s.; abbr. from bulrush, q.v. Cf.
reed.

646

rust, v.i, hesydtana, héshlaktcha.
Cf. rusty.

rustle, v. i, said of elementary
forces, shtchdyashla; of crickets,
grasshoppers, taktya; of reptiles,

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

kdlkala; of straw, ete., ki&ishku-
sha.

rusty, hesyatandtko, Mod. hesh-

katintko; to become r., hesyAtana,
héshlakteha.

oS:

sable, Mustela americana, pep.

saccharine, ltiluyatko; to be s.,
liiluya.

sack, willishik; rownd s., wakogsh;
long, capacious grain-s., lyalyam-
nish; s. jor holding provisions,
tayash, cf. tgillak; to the weight

of about 50 pounds, willishik; of

about 100 pounds, wakogsh. Cf.
bag, satchel.

Sacramento Valley, nom. pr.,
Katokfwash; S. V. Indian, Kato-
kiwash mdklaks, Katokfwash; 8.
River, Katokiwasham Koéke.

sad, yuy4lkish; to be s, yualka,
latka, shéshiina, shunttyua;_ s.-/ook-
ing, yuyalkishptchi; to look s., like
one bereaved, shlamia.

saddle, kaklash; girth, strap of s.,
shutitalsh; s.-blanket, iklash; to take
off the s., kéklash illdéla, illéla; to
strap the s.-girth around, shuitala.

sagebrush, gi’t; another species,
walhualam.

sagecock and sagehen, Centrocercus
urophasianus, pi'pisha; shua’t. Cf.
prairie-chicken.

Safkén or Thompson's Marsh, nom.
pr. loc., Saikén.

}sail,s., shneklotchnétkish; shniwat-

nétkish.

sail, v. i, shneklo’tehna.

salient, to be, tapka.

sailor, syttyamnish.

salmon, tehfalash; at s.-time, tsi-
iils’hii’mi; s. discolored by age, vuig;
purple s., etchmit’na.

salt, s. shw’l, shalt; Mod. ddak.

salt, v. t., shi’l ita, sha‘lt shewdna;
s. pork, ef. pork.

salve, s., shatélakish; remedial s.,
mashishtat shi-tish shatélakish.

same, hi’kak, pl. hikshak; ef. ak

No. 2; one of the s. kind, sort, hium-
tchi, gémptchi; of s. shape, form,
size, exterior, color, ete., shuhank-
ptchi; having thes. features, shthank-
shitko télan; at the s. place, home,
nadsha’shak, wigatak; in the s.man-
ner, himashtak, himtsantka; in the
s. manner .... as, correlat., himash-
tak .... wikaktoksh; at thes. time,
nadsha’shak; shtthank-shitko, tank-
tak tehiksh, tina’k ; to make of the
s. length, breadth, size, hishyélilya.
Cf. reason.

sand, kéla-ush; s.-covered, k’lat-
shaltko.

rust—scarred.

Sand Hill, af, nom. pr. loc., K’lau-
shalpkash Yaina-Aga-gishi.

sandhill crane, Gruscanadensis,
klétish.

sandstone, s. rock, lektchétkish.

sandy, k’latshaltko.

sapling, kitchkani Anku.

satchel, la‘klaksh, wakogsh.

satiate, v. t.; s. oneself, shohdta;
to be satiated, satisfied, fed, éwa.

Saturday, she-étish.

saucer, kapa, dim. kapaga.

savage, adj., komi’shni, iwash; to
be in the s. state, kilua.

save, y.t., to rescue, hishtchi, shnék-
shita; s., keep, as meat, tehili’lya;
s., keep for oneself, shudlka, Mod.

saw, s.; hand- or small s., shlaka-
tétkish; large s., shladshétkish; s.-
mill, shlatcha-ish, Mod. shlatcha-
yotkish.

saw, v.t., with a small or hand s.,
shlakata, shli’Idsha; with a cross-s.,
spt’ldsha.

sawyer, shltshsha-ish.

say, v.t., ospeak, shapa; gi; words
not quoted, or not verbatim, hém-
kanka; words quoted verbatim,
hemé’ye; s. to, shapiya; hémta,
hémtchna; s. to while conversing, ha-
shashudkia; s, so, kshapa; na-asht
ei, Mod. né-asht gi; tehi gi; s. good-
bye, shéka; s. repeatedly, hemkan-
katchna; ‘so they s. or said,” ‘as he,
she said”: mat, if referring to facts;
nen, if referring to sayings.

scab, tchimtash; afflicted with s.,
tchimtatko.

647

scabbard, liwayaks.

seaffold and scaffolding, shlanké-
yash; to erect poles for as. or plat-
form, shtchik’lya; to erect a platform
onas., gelkaya

seald, v.t., dmpu kelpképkash ki-
tita.

scale of fish, tchilak; s. for weigh-
ing, shninkak’lkétkish.

scale, v.t, ga-t’lya; to climb,as a
steep hill, gika. Cf. climb, v.

scalp, hair of head, lak; to perform
a s.-dance, sha'dsha, yéka lak.

scalp, v.t., nelfna.

scamper off, v. i, hidsha, hi-
dshna, hidshampka; s. out of again,
huiyipéle. Cf. run, rush, v.

scar, s., with removal of flesh, shi-
ktashkuish; without removal of flesh,
shaktkaluish; to make a slight s.,
tilansya; to produce a s., upatia;
said of a round article, lupatkudla.

scarabee, with fangs, ktchdyash.
Cf. beetle.

searece, kinkani, abbr. kinka; to
be s., kii’gi.

scare, v.t., hushpatchta, lushtza,
tuka; s. and disperse, watakia; s. off
by scolding, shnulédka; to be scared
at, visha, spttehta; tchamptki,
Mod. tchamptakia; scared at, vi-
shish.

Scarface Charley, nom. pr,
Tchiktchikam-Lupatkuelatko.

scarlet, taktakli.

searred through a long article,
updtiantko; round article, lupat-
kuélatko.

648

scatter, v.t.; s. about, uldyue, pl.
gaytie; ptiedsha; s. by scaring off,
watikia; to become scattered, sheg-
eatya; by running in different
directions, shege@atktcha, uldyue.

scent, v. t., stika.

schistous rock-formation, lala-
wash; composed of such, lalat-
shaltko.

scirpus, species of, klii’pi; ofa stiff

s., watéskuam. Cf. grass.

seissors, ktushkétkish.

seoff, v. t., shuludkta; fo continue
scoffing, shuludktcha. Cf. jeer at.

scold, v.t., shkandga, shila, ko-
ktkinshka, shnuléka; s. each other,

shuké’ki, shukikshléa; to scare off

by scolding, shnuldka.
scold, s. quarreler, shuke’kish.
scoop, 8.3 8. of deers horn, uka-
edtkish; sort of fishing s., kAlksh;
another sort of s., p&hla;_ s.-net

with a handle, téwash; wide-meshed |

Cf. net.
SEOOp Wp, Vt, Ush, serabs; siete,
itkal, shntikua.

s.-net, witchédlash.

score, v.t.; s. for oneself, yankua.

scorpion, species of, ka-uttitkish

scot-free, huna’shak

Seott’s Valley, nom. pr, as in
Enelish; inhabitant of S. Valley,
Skatehpalikni.

scour, v.t., vudshéka, vadshokalya.

scout, s. sktiyuash; to watch asa
s. does, wi’hlta.

scout, v.i., kmaka; to go in front|s

scouting, gayaya; to be on ascouting
trip, ka-ulti’kteha.

|

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

scrape, v.t.; s. of, vulina, vuktta;
illdla; s. obliquely, kiuldéla; s. off;
as fish-seales, vulini; s. off the fiber-
hark, stépéla, stépalsha; s.the ground
sidewise, piéna.

scraper, illolétkish; s. of stone,
Vhka; s. of other material, ilz6t:
kish; bark-s., kitulolsh; scraping pad-
dle or stick, pientitkish.

t., hushtiwa; s. with

nails, claws, tchlakadsha; s. the face,

tehlii’pka; s each other, hushtiwa;

s., graze, nti’ kshktcha; s. out a bur-

row, shli’tila, sttiya; s. holes while

scratch, v.

going from place to place, yépan-
tchna, lushdntchna; s. away ground,
ete, putédya; with a paddle or stick,
picna; s. up, 8. for digging, yépa,
Mod. ibéna; scratched up, scratched
out, yépantko; s. marks into, shi-
malua; s. or rub oneself against a
post or tree, hlintana, shaldla.

seratehing,s, shtimaluash; pro-
vided with scratchings, shumalua-
kitko.

scream, v.i, hi’ma; ya-a; s. aloud,
ndéna, ndéwa, mbawa; s., said of
larger birds and wild quadrupeds,
woa; s. continuously, wokanka.

screech, v.i, hii’ma, yé-a, mbawa;
larger birds, wéa; s. continuously,
woékanka.

screw, s.; straight, linear s., ki-ug-
eitehdétkish, Mod. kakpatnétkish.

serotum, shlii/lksh.

erub, v.t., vudshlo’shka, vudshé-

ka; scrubbing-brush, vudshoknot-

kish; s. off as fish-seales, vulfni.

5

scatter—seed.

scrub-thicket, gatchétko.

seuffle,s., shishtikash.

scuffle, v.i., shfuga, especially d.
sisséka; shiukttya, shuktapka.

seurf, tehimtash; afflicted with s.,
tchimtatko.

seythe, mulinétkish, maktétkish,
Mod. kshuldtkish.

sea, ocean, mini ¢-ush.

seam, skéntchish; hem-s., sk¢lliash.

search, v.t., haftchna, iktcha; s.,
start out after, kA-iha; to return from
searching, kiyaktka. Cf. seek, v.

Sie:aS Os, NOP Ex. .eq.: ‘spring-s., ské;
it is spring-s., skba; dry, hot, sum-
mer-s., pita; fall-s., shalam; win-
ter-s., lildam; in the hay-, salmon-,
berry-s., ete., are expressed by ap-
pending -@’mi, -ii’mi, -iim.

seat, s., of any description, tcha-
walkish; to take a vacant s., tchek-

Iéla; to take a s., tehélya; to reoc- |

cupy one’s s., tehélypéli; to rise from
one’s s , tché-ulza.

seat, v.t.; to make sit up, heshtsalga;
to be seated, tchia, pl. wawapka; to be |
f A i
seated on, upon, tchia, tchi’kla; to be |

seated together, tchipka, pl. waw4a-
pka.

second, adj.; s. fo another, tapini; to
bes.to, tipelui; as. time, pen, pénak

secondary, tapini.

secret, s., sha-fshash; to keep as a
s., aishi, sha-ishi; fo divulge a s.,
sha-fshash shapa, sha-fshash she’g-
sha; KI. stfltchka.

secrete, v. t., atshi; fo hush ap,

pune . 7° . - |
shi-ishi; s., fo hide, inan. obj., tha;

649

s. underground, or on the bottom of
waters, ilktcha; s. oneself, hityaha,
pl gayaha; by contracting one’s body,
hishuadlya.

section, portion of, nanka.

secure, v.t.; to hold fast, ipka; shni-
kua; s., said of animals running
about, hushtitanka, Mod. hushud-
tanka.

seduce, v. t., palla; s. again, pala-
péle; to go and s. ag., pAldshapéle.

see, v.t.; generic: shléa, télshna; s.
an obj. at a distance, télshapka, tel-
shampka, shlée’pka; s., havethe power
of vision, télshna; s. again, shlépéle;
s. somebody coning, telitankpka, ti-
lo‘tpa; s. somebody’s face froma dis-
tance, telitankpka; s. moving, going,
coming, tilo’dsha; not to s., perceive,
léshma; s. somebody putting food
in his mouth, tildtakna; s. somebody
spitting out, removing from mouth,
tilutaknila; s. through a tube, tal-
sya; to come, go and s., shlédsha ; to
let s., exhibit, héshla; to ran, ride,
ete., after an obj. seen, teluaktya.
Cf. look, sight, v.

seed, s, generic, 16’k; s. growing
wild and eaten by the natives, mi-
klaksam pash; s. reduced to flour,
lulinash; species of seeds: kapi-
unks, ’ba; s. of pond-lily, unripe,
tchinéyam; s. of yellow pond-lily,
wokash; to gather it, wdkashla,

woksalsha; s. of the white oak, li-

dsha; s. of the black oak, kli’sh; s.-

pod, s.-envelope, tehilak, ndsé‘dsh;

s.-baskel, na-i, téliiks, wekdétkish ;

650

conical, yaki; to gather seeds, sta-
ila, stdgi; with s.-fans, wéka; to
start out for gathering seeds, stii-
fldsha; to hold, carry in a s.-basket,
skiyamna; s.-fan, s.-paddle, we-
kétkish, tchkti’la, shaplash; s.-net,
takish. Cf. carry on back, under
carry, V.

seek, v. t. haftchna, fktcha; s.,
start out after, kA-iha; s. continually,
k4-ikanka. Cf search, v.

seethe, v. i. likua, kélpka; ndu-
pualya; to make s., tchildla, shne-
kalpka.

segregate, v. t., shidtka.

seize, v.t.,and s. forcibly, shnika;
s. again, shntikpéli; s. for oneself,
shnikpa, shnikua; s., take hold of,
long obj., tyamna, pl. fyamna; to
go and s., shniktcha; s. each other,
hishnya, shiamna; s., take away
from, tita; s. with the claws, ex-
tremities, tchilika; s. an obj. on the
ground, shnukpapka; s. with pincers,
tongs, shnakptiga; s.an obj. by means
of a substance intervening, tapata; s.
by the handle or long end, utcha-ika.

select, v. t., tochoose, pick out, shi-
Atka, thia.

self, pron.; cf. myself, oneself,
yourself, etc.; s.-trained, s.-reliant,
shepelpelatko.

sell, v.t., shéshatui; s. cheap, ké-
tcha élya; s. dear, tiima élya, lit.
“to price high;” to intend to s., shé-
shatuishla; to return from selling,
sheshatuitka; selling price, shésha-
tuish.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

semen, seminal fluid, kiaflash; to
ejaculate the s., shédshiila.

send, v. t.; s. and s. away, skiyui;
s. again, s. off again, dismiss, sku-
yucpéli; s. away from, skuytshka;
s. off, away, s. by mail, shnigéta,
shnigdtchna; s. below, underneath,
inotila; s. for, shahamittya, shé-
*hmdka; s. into the woods, recesses,
ete., skuyokaya; s. out of the woods,
skuyokaydla; s. a person for some-
thing, shnidktcha; s. out, dispatch,
Kl. hésha; s. over the edge, yiu-
lina.

senior, tyé-u.

sentence, hemé@zish.

separate, v.t., shidtka, hekshatza;
to part asunder, shékélui. Cf. cut,
sever.

separate, v.i.; s. intwo, shewatya,
shewatytila; s., to part by going in
different directions, shipi tza; s. from

| each other, sheggatyza.

separate, adj.
wénni.

wenntini, abbr.

September, inaccurately corre-
sponds to spéluish; in, during S.,
spéluishtka.

series, tinshish; fo be at the end of
as., leliwa; to form a s., as trees,
wamla. Cf. file, line.

sermon, hémkanksh; s. previously
delivered, hémkankuish.

serpentine; cf. meander, v.

serum of milk, ndipatko édshash.

servant; ksheluikiétish.

serve, y.t., to wait on, watha.

iservice-tree, s.-berry bush, Ame-

/

seek —shake. 651

lanchier alnifolia, tchakaga, abbr.
tchak; fruit of s.-t, tchak; looking
like the fruit of the s -t., tehAkptchi.
set, v.f.; nO ex. eq.: Ss. agoing,
husht’ktgi; s. around oneself, as

neckwear, f-amna; s. down, deposit, |

élya; s. on fire, shnatkalka; s. over
a river, lake, skétka; s. up, make sit
up, heshtsdlya; s. up, as a pole, té-

wa; s uperect, straight, shnatkuala; |

8., place upon, tchi'lya; s. upon the
ground, tchilyia; s. upon, in the
sense of attacking, gi’lki, gutim-
pka, tashui; s. upon a road, passage,
stiiya.

set, v.i.; said of celestial bodies,
tinega; tinkudla; tindle, tino‘li,
Mod. tindla; to be on the way of set-
ting, tinoléna; s. over a river, water,
odkua, kako’dsha; ef. ford, pass, v.
set out, v. i; generic terms, re-
ferring to all modes of locomotion:
géna, guhudshka, guhudshktcha;
genila, guikaka; s. 0. from the
place habitually occupied, géka,
egékna, gékansha, gekno’la; s. 0.
again from the same, gekampéli,
eékanshampéli; s. 0. in a wagon,
luhashktcha, léna; in a canoe, sko-
hudshka. Cf. go, march, proceed, |
travel, v.

settle, v. t. and i; s. down at a|
resting place, mak léza; to be settled |
somewhere, tchia; s. wp with, ki-
tchakéla. |

settlement; home, tchi’sh; former

,

s., tchfwish; s. of white people, ti-
. * , — |
uni; Indian s., maklaksam tehi’sh.

settler, tchi’sh; s. in this, that
country, hatak=tehi’sh, ¢itakni.

seven, lapkshdptani, usually abbr.
lapkshapta; s. hundred, lapkshap-
tankni te-unépni té-unep; _s. times,
lapkshaptankni.

seventy, lapkshaptankni t¢é-unep.

sever, v.t.; to cut of, ktakidla, ktak-
ta, ktdlya, ktuytiga, Mod. ktikta;

- &., split, long obj., itcba, utchiya;
s. one’s foot, arm, shalakta; s. by
breaking off, kéwa and derivatives,
as yekéwa, yekualdla; s. forcibly,
powetéga; s. im many places, ktil-
dsha; s. many things simultaneously,
ktulédsha; to be severed, shukudsh-
ka. Cf. separate, v. t.

severe, killitko.

sew, v.t, skénshna; s. up into, skén-
tana; sewing-machine, skenshnit-
kish. :

Shacknasty Jim, nom. pr,
Shkétitko.

shadow and _ shade, mahiash;_ to
make s., shmivhitchya; to cast as,
smahia; to project one’s s., shma’h-
tehaga; while moving, shma’htcha

shaggy, kmiyulatko, ptchdkatko.

shake, v. t.; to bring into motion, as
trees, boulders, shidkshiaga, hish-
dktgi; hiklya; s., to put in tremu-
lous motion, ulé-ikanka; s. an obj.
lifted up at one end, liwakanka; s.
or wag the tail, shewdkaga; s. the
ears, as quadrupeds, ulaplpa;_ s.
hands, hishnya nép, hishnya, sha-
tashi; s. the head in refusal, shuak-
Atehkteha, ulakatehktcha; s the

652 ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

head, while putting airs on, Mod. la- |
wala; s. into, as seeds, wéka; s. off, |

as dust, uthiwa; from oneself, shui-
lalshka, shiulatchka; s. oneself, shtv-
ila, viiya, viiyamna, shawaltana; s.
out, liquids, whlitcha; s. the wings,
vuya; to rattle by shaking, heyéna.

shake, v.i.; to sway, shawalta, sha-
waltana; to be shaken up, muimitya,
shawalta; to reel, lemléma, wekish-
tchna; s. by frost, etc., naindya; s.
through cold or fever, tushttisha,
Mod. tushttishla; s., writhe, witwi-
ta; s. lo and fro, as trees in a storm,
wawikanka.

shaky, to be, anim., muimtya.

shaman, kiuks.

shame, ndétchkish; to feel s., to be
ashamed, ndétehka.

shape, v.t., shtita; shaped, -ptchi,
shitko; shaped thus, gémptchi, him-
tchi; how shaped, Wakaptchi; roof-
shaped body, gilhuapksh; 7.-s. land,
witlash; well-shaped, tidshi; ill-
shaped, kiidshi; ring-s., kAlkali.

shape, s.; of the same s., shuhdnk-
ptehi; eémtchi, himtcehi.

shapeless, kokalkokaltko, Mod.;
s., il-shaped, kuidshi, tehektehékli

sharp; s.-edged, taikatko; to be s.-
cdged, taka; s.-pointed, tchaktehakli;
to cut, grind to a s. point, watchika;
tasting s., mbiikamnatko, ka-& mé-
shetko; to stick up something s.-
pointed, talka.

sharpen, v.t., shnatchdéktka, wa-
tchaka.

Shasta Butte or Mount Shasta, |

nom. pr. of a voleanie cone in
California, Mélaikshi, Shastzé’nini
Yaina.

Shasti Indian, nom: pr., Shasti;
Sisti méklaks; hal/-S. by descent,
Shastidga; SL. country, Shastze’ni.

shatter, v. t., kéwa, pl. ngii’ldsha,
powetéga,

shave, v.t., uytika; s. oneself, hush-
mo‘kla, shuydka.

shaver, shmushmo’klish.

she, pron. pers.; same as he, q. v.

shear, v.t, uydka; s. of, pushka;
piece shorn off, pishkuish,

shears, ktushkétkish.

sheath, litktchish, liwayaks; of

round shape, wakogsh.

shed, v.t., ef. pour, v.; s. the skin,
as snakes, skintchishzaga; s. tears,
shuiktcha.

shed, s, mdahiash, Mod. stina’sh,
Itchiklakuitko; s., existing as a
skeleton frame only, KI. Itchikla-
kuitko; s. covered at the top only,
shméhilaksh.

sheep, domestic, ship; Mod. ké-il;
mountain-s., and -goat, wiesh, Mod.
ké-il; sheep's tick, shkéks.

sheet of water, é-ush, dim. éwaga;
tchiwish; s. of paper, cloth, ete.,
i-eshkdétkish; to form a s., eaten-
sion, néwa; to lay, pile one s. upon
another, shikantéla.

shell; sea or fresh water s. of any
description, ktchak; s. ef mollusks,
wikogsh; muscle s. with the mollusk
in it, klé’dshu; mother-of-pearl or
haliotis-s., ktchak; species of ma-

shake—shore. 653

rine s., kakiak; dentalium-s , titash, |

alkétchik; s.-nosed, wearing a den-
talium-s., ‘‘goose-quill” in the nose,
shclkantko; s., vegetable and ani-
mal, hard fruit-s., ndshé'dsh; round-
ed s.,as of beetle, shnutdétkish; ex-
plosive s., projectile, mini ngé-ish,
muni shawalsh.

shell, v.t, ktcheldla; lguya.

shelter, s, shed, mahiash; to give
s., ShmWhitchza; to go for s., gutila,
shawaltchna.

shelter, v. t.,shmvhitchya; s. one-
self, shawaltcha; to go and s. one-
self, shawaltchna, gutila.

shepherd, ship shuashulalidmp-
kish.

shield, v.t.; s. oneself with, to use as
a s., shipatytka.

shift, s. tgashdshzish.

shin-bone, wakdaluish.

shine, v.i, shnuya; s. with light,
ktchalhua, ktchdlya, shnéka;_ s.
above and at a distance, shnektipka;
s. from a distance, niyua, niitko-

lua, shnatkolua; s. a many colors, |

ktchalui; s. into the eyes so as to in-
jure them, shtchiiyampka.

shine, s, and sunshine, ktchalzish.

shirt, tchtlish, dim. tehulidga; wo-
maws s., tgashashzish.

Shitaike Creek, nom. pr. of a
western tributary of Des Chutes
River, Oregon; Sidaikti.

shitepoke, tudkish or wakish.

shiver, vy. i, muimtya; s. by frost,
nafnaya; tushttisha, Mod. tush-
tlishla. Cf. shake, v. i.

shoal, s.; to strike against a s., sytt-
talya.

shoe, wakshna; high s., stikshui; to
wear shoes, to put shocs on, wakshna.

shoot, v.t. generic, ngc-isha, ngé-
ishna; shlin, pl. ytita; téwi; s. ar-
rows, télya; s. and wound,mba-uta ;
s. several obj. by the same charge or
missile, stéwi; to come near shooting,
shli’kshga; each other, hishlakshga;
s. at an obj., shlin, pl. ytita; s. at
the mark, shlékla; s. at the mark
as rivals, hishlan; s. aside of the
mark, yitlanshna; s. by means of,
shliita; s. continually, shlitanma;
s. at each other, hishlan, shctui;
shenge’sha; s. high up, perpendicu-
larly, utéwa; s. @ hole through, nti'-
kshktcha; s. oneself, hishlan, she-
ngeé'sha; to be on the point of shoot-
mg, shlatantya; shlatémpka, pl.
yutetampka;.to begin shooting, shla-
tampka, pl. yutetampka; fo go on a .
shooting trip, hishlatchna; to disable
by shooting, ngéshe-tya.

shoot, v.i.; s. down with noise, said
of waters, tiwi.

shop, store-house, sheshatuikish.

shopkeeper, shc¢shatuish.

shore; s.-line, knaklitko; steep s.,
lali’sh; rocky s., walish; on the op-
posite s., ti’gshtanta; to arrive on
s. kiupdta; to form a s.-line, yula-
Ina; connected with verbs, s. is
often expressed by the suffix -fga,
‘““on the water,”: fo be, remain,
stand at the s.-line, tgaliga, pl. liu-

liga. Cf. bank, beach.

654

short, im body, wigdni; s.-faced,

wika-télantko; at as. distance,wika; |

s. in time, tankni; as. while, adv.,
wigapani, wiga pant; @ s. time ago,
tinkak, tankakak; to cut the hair
s. Shuydéka; one who wears the hair
s., shushuytikatko.

shortly, adv., a short while, wiga-
pani; s. after this, palakak, tanktak.

shoulder, lApaklash; s. and s.-
blade, tehnipal; s., especially of
quadrupeds, shne’ktchigsh; tocarry
on one’s shoulders, shiizia, Mod.
shttiyiank na; by a strap on fore-
head, etc., métk’la; without a strap,
shikianka.

shoulder-blade, shctashtzapksh,
tchnipal; especially of quadrupeds,

Cf. shoulder.

t., hii’ma,

ndéna, nkéna; s. repeatedly, in one

strain, nkénkanka; s. through the

hands applied tothe mouth as a tube,

shné’ktchigsh.

Shout tre ve hamdasha ;

sti’ka; s. to somebody, hémtcha,
hémtchna; s. at somebody, hamé-
asha, hamekupka; s. downwards to,
into, hii’méle: s. from exultation,
shitiaika.

shove into, v.t., as into a bag,
shilha; s. one part into the other,

Cf. join, v.

shovel, kiiknétkish, shawel.

tuli, shdlhipéli.

show, v. t.; to exibit, in a medial
sense, héshla; s., point to, laya; long
obj., dlahia; s.with the extended arm,
kinshipka; s. by informing, hashi-
uga; to start for showing, hashiwa-

ktcha; s. something on a person’s |

WNGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

body, shikantina; on somebody’s
Joot or feet, shikantila; s. itself, ap-
pear, héshla.

shrew, species of, with long pro-
boscis, stisi.

shrink, v.i, by heat, nukéla.

shrub, dnku; Vittle s., bush, tchdélash,
wékaga; land overgrown with shrubs,
gatchétko ; species of s., probably
Artemisia, tchakélu; species of s.
with black fruit, hashkemélsham.
In s- and bush-names anku is gen-
erally omitted, the name of the s.
being placed in the possessive case.
Cf. tree. ;

shrubbery, anku, wékaga; in the
sense of thicket, gatchétko, gaé-
tchesh.

shuck, v.t., ktcheldla, lgirya.

shun, v. t. shénuya, shénuidsha,
shukidta.

shut, v. t., ké-ishna, Mod. shlé-uki;
s. the door or doorflap, shla-uki;
s. it again or habitually, shla-ukipéle ;
s. your mouth! tehitchiks! kapka-
blantaks! kémkem! Cf. close, v.

shy person, ka-i waltkish.

sick, #@l, ma’‘shetko, shflaltko; s.
through relapse, kAlak; to be s., ma’-
sha, with obj. case (Lam sick, ma’sha
nti’sh, contr. ma’sha n’s); tobechron-
ically or incurably s., shila; to bes. of
a lingering disease, shila, pahalka; to
be permanently s., pahdka; to fall s.,
kalkéla, shi/laka, shildla; to look s.,
sickly, pdhalka; to render s., tild-
takna.

sickness, népaksh; s., acute or

%y

short—simulate. 655

sieve, shlatchknétkish; fo pass
through a s., v. t., shlitechka and
shlatchka.

sift, v.t, shlitchka and shlatchka.

sigh, v.i. héka; s. repeatedly, hék-
ampéle.

sight, v. t. shida, télshna; s. some-
body coming, telitankpka.

sign, s.; s. drawn or painted, sli-

paiwmful, ma’shash; s., chronic, shi-
lalsh; to be afflicted with s., ma’sha,
shila; to relapse into s., kalkéla; |
one relapsed, kalak; article produc-
ing s., tatktish

side, s., of human body, above hip,
lalash; s., flank of animal body,
lalash; to rub one’s s. against, hlin-
tana, shaldla; s. of mountain, gin-

shkatko, gintyish, lali’sh; on the s.
of, along with, tila; on this s. or
part of, gékshta, gétant; gina’-
gshtant, gindtant, kui, kiitit; on

maluash; s. of conjurer, miluash;
provided with signs, marks, shu-
maluakitko; to make gesture-signs,
kuéta; to make signs with the hand,

this s...... on the opposite, other
s. of, gékshta ..... gé’kshta; on
this s. of a distant obj, ttihak;
situated, being on this s. of, gina-
tani; fo, on the other s. of, gctant,
gunigshtant, ginitana, ti’ gshtanta;
ef. gé’kshta; beyond, on the other s. of,
as of a mountain, tiitana, d. of tina;
of a river, lake, tt’gshtanta; from,
to or on either or opposite s., pipélan-
tana, pipélingshtant; from, on both
s. reciprocally, shipapélangshtant; on
one s., extremity, na-itze’ni, na-igsh-
tze'ni, nd-igshtala; situated, placed,
being on the opposite s., as where the
speaker is, ttikni; to lean, lie on one s.
of the body, kidpka; cf. sidewise; to
sit on one s., as of a lodge, pl. liuna.
sidewise, obliquely; usually ex-
pressed by the prefix ki-, ke-, k-;

nikanka nép. Cf. beckon, v., ges-
ture.

silent; one who is s., kA-i waltkish;
be s.! kapkablantaks! kapkapa-
gink i! tehitchiks! kémkem!

silently, kémkem.

silkworm, wild, ktchapash.

silly, létalani, ka-ikash; he talks s.
things, huna’shak hii hémkanka; to
act in a s., odd manner, ka-ika, she-
shzé'la.

silver, palpali techikémen; shilba;
s.-money, palpali tehikémen, pal-
pali tila; shilba tila; s.-for, same
as red fox, ef. fox.

Silver Lake, nom. pr., Kalpshi.

similar, shitko; -ptchi, -mtchi,
suffix forming adj.; s. to, shthank,
shuhankptchi. Cf. alike to, adj.;
alike, adv.; like, adj ; similarly.

to extend, stretch, look s, naitaltél-| similarly, hié’nk shitko hak, hi-

shna; to ride s., women fashion, mashtak, humtsantka, shtthank-
naitaltélshnank husho’tehna. shitko. Cf. alike, equally.

side with, v.i., fo be allied with,| simulate, v. t., for the purpose of

tehilla, tchinta. Cf. associate, v..

fooling, shnapémpema, Mod. shne-

656 ENGLISH-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

pémpema; s. sickness, pii/dsha. Cf.) sister, elder, said by younger

feign, v., gesture, s., pretend, v.
simultaneously, nadsha’shak;
tini-ak, tina’k; tanktak tehiksh;
shthank-shitko. Cf. shakpatmiwa
since, adyv.; not long s., welisht,
tinkak, tankakak; ever s., at tii’
Cf. then, year.
sinew, mbititch; pilhap; s., cord
made of tendons, mbiitch.
solo or im chorus,

tstissak.

SSM OFE svete Ss
shuina; wina; s., shout in chorus,
s. while dancing, yéka; s., said of
birds, hii’ma; s. in the interest, for
the pleasure of somebody, shuinée :
s. repeatedly the same song, shuinala;
to begin singing, shuyéga; s. magic
or dream-chorus songs, shiuniitna;

s. simultaneously with the starter of

the song, shuindla; s. in chorus a
conjurer’s song, windta, windtna;
s. at a high voice, tche’ktcheka; s.
at a deep voice, tzantyana, Cf. song.

singe, v. t, shnuydkta; s. off,
shnuydka.

single; as. one, na’dsh, na’sh; a s.
one only, na’dshak; s., wumarried,
ef. bachelor, girl; on as. day, na‘sh
waltak; to walk, ride, s. file, kintch-
na, kinuina.

sink, v.i.; s. down, celestial bodies,
tinkudla, tind‘li; s. down in, espec-
ially in water, ktutéga, mpettéga,
Mod. kttishna; s. to the ground,
tchla‘lza; to be sunk in deep water,
Ampuala.

sip, v. t., to lap up, hidpa; s., to
taste, kpéto.

brother, pa-dnip; said by younger
s., p'talip; s., younger, in reference
to elder s., tapiap; in reference to
elder brother, ttipakship; /emales

related as sisters, sisters by blood,”

shaptalaltko; related, as sisters are
to their younger sisters, shatapialtko;
half-s., tapiap; to give as. to some-
body, tupakslia; sister's husband,
brother-in-law, said by her brother,
ptcht’kap; elder and younger sis-
ters son or daughter, nephew or
niece, said by aunt, makokap; said
by uncle, patchzalip. Modoes call
both elder and younger s. tttpak-
ship, abbr. tipaksh.

sister-in-law, mit’leap; hus-
band’s brother's wife, ptchikap; fe-
males related as sisters-in-law, ship-
tchyaltko. ‘

sit, v. i, generic, tchdlya; tchia, pl.
wawapka; s. and s. down, tchclyza;
s. down again, tchélypéli; s. against
an obj., tchdlamna, du. wawdlamna,
pl. ldilamna; s. around in a circle on
the outside of, pl. liutita; inside of, in-
doors, liuzuga; s. around, s.inarow,
ring, file, crowd, pl. liukiamna, liup-
ka, littatka; s. behind, close to, tgap-
tcha, pl. liuptcha; s. i the distance,
huyéga; s. down close to, tehVhlan-
shna; s. by the fire, tehélui; s., stay
high up, or in the distance, tehala-
mnu; s. duside of, within, tchizédga,
tchiwiza, pl. Ifuzuga; s. on, upon,
with legs apart, shkéktleyia; s. on
one side af, or indoors, pl. liuna; s.

simultaneously—skunk.

on the side, edge of, as of water, |

tchekléla; s. ambushed,
tchakiya, wilza, walza, pl. liwala,
liukiya; s. together, tchipka, pl. wa-
wipka; s. underneath, below, tchuti-
la, wintila, du. wawatila, pl. liutila;
s. upon, on something, tchawal, pl.
liwala; tchi’kla; tehalamna, du. wa-
wilamna, pl. Iiilamna; tchakaya,
du. wawaggaya, pl. liukdaya; s.
the woods, cliffs, ete., same as: sit
upon; s on, near the water, tchale-
kiya; tchaliga, du. wawaliga, pl.
liuliga; s. away from! kuitak! sit-

secreted,

in

ting, posted above, p'léntankni, p’lai- |

kni; to make s. up, heshtsalza.

situated above, p’latkni, p’laitani;
s. below, underneath, yantani.

six, nadshkshaptani, usually abbr.
nadshkshapta; s. times, nadshkshap-
tankni.

sixty, nadshkshaptankni té-uniip.

size,s.; no ex. eq.: ior to the s. of,
patpani, abbr. pat; of large s.,
mini; of small s., kitehkani; of the

same s, shuhankptchi; to make of

the same s., hishyélulza.

skate, v.i, shektliléna, ulak’kaén-
ka. Cf. slide, v.

skater, ulak’kankish.

skates, pair of, wlak’kankotkish.

edaddle, v.i. g

skim, v.t.; s. of froth, ete., kiuldla;
s. the waves while flying, hi’nua.

skin, tehélksh; raw fwr-s., raw s.,
kla’sh; with the fur on, ni‘);

sk

Ss.

dressed, tanned s., mbi-ush; s. of
|
elk, antelope, vWhli'lsh; red-fow s.,

42

ottikaka, gti’shka. |

657

win; s. of lynx, shléa; snake-s. when
on body, ndsé’dsh; when shed,
skinsheikuish; s.-lodge, sht’klaksh;
s.-mantle, s.-blanket, ete, skuitash;
to be dressed in one, sktita; to enter
the s., as splinters, ete., shishna; to
shed the s., skintchishyAga; to have
the s. rubbed off, as on a sore, wéla.

skin, v.t., ndshki, nashkititna, nash-
killa; s., said of fur-hides, scalps,
nelina; skinning implement of ob-
sidian, mbt'shaksh. Cf. fleshing
chisel.

skip, v.i, kshititchna; s. or seearm
around, ka-ika, ntiyamna; s. con-
tinually, as frogs, skAtkanka; s.
down from, shuht’lulea; to go and
s. down from, shuhululéna; s. over
something, as over a rock, etc,
shuyazicga; s. over an obstruction,
log, ete., himputiazica, Mod. mbu-
te’ye; shampatiazica; s. up high,
hityeka, pl. tintzi; s. into the water,
hitwa, pl. tinua.

skirmish, s., shishtitkash.

i, shishdka, sheno-

tinka, shéllual; s.

skirmish, v.

about, sheno-
tank’hiya.

skirt of females, shtchi’waksh. .

skukum-house; ef. jail, prison.

skull, ntshti kako; s.-bone, kako
pila nish; top of's., nkalk ; s. of fish,
nkak.

skull-eap; woman's s.-c., flat on

top, kma’; of half-globular shape,
kalkma; another, maksha.
skunk, Mephitis mephitica, teha-

shash. Cf. polecat.

658

sky, clear, cloudless, kalo; clouded,
overcast s., paishash; in the s., p’laf,
plaina, p’laitala; skyward, p'lat,
plaina, p'laitala Cf. overcast.

slab, utchdyatko dnku;_ s.-lodge,
uképélaksh; to construct a s.-l.,
ug’ hi’ plya..

slags, nztitatko.

slander, v.t., atchiga, shéwala.

slanderer, walfyish, Mod. t’lk-
ish; wiknish, dim. wikniaga.

slant, v.i., gilhua.

slap, vy. t., kttupka.

slash, v. t.; to cut, ktalddshna; one
slashed, ktakalitko; upatiantko; s.
oneself, shalakla. Cf. gash, v. and s.

slate-rock, lalawash.

slaty; composed of s. rocks, forma-
tions, lalatishaltko.

slaughter, v. t., shiuga, pl. tela,
Mod. pl. ltela, shuénka; nashki.
Cf. butcher, v.

slave of both sexes, lt’gsh; to make |

as. of, \i'gshla; slave's owner, mas-
ter or mistress, ptchiwip.

slay, v.t, shiuga, pl. liela, Mod.
pl. luela, shuénka, heshyii’ki; shit-
kala, shiukiga; hushtchéka; s. for
somebody, shiukia; s. each other,
hisha’ka, hushtchéka. Cf. kill.

sleep, v. i, ktina; to lie down to
s. skt’lya, pl. Idlalya; ktansha;
animals, kli’shlya;_ s. outdoors, pl.

ldlua; s. with, shetdlya; time for |

sleeping, spunii’ksh; the act of going
to s., many subj., lulalkish.

sleepy, ktanapkitko; to be s., kta- |

napka

islice, v. t.; s. off, ktishka;

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

sleeve, shuckalsh; sleeveless gar-
ment, skitash.

por-
tion, piece sliced off, ktishkuish;
kttishka.

slice, s., kttishkuish; kttishka.

slick, laklakli, tchlizatko; to be or
become s., lal’laka.

slide, v.i.; s. or rush downwards,
ndé-uli, pl. wetdéli; s. downhill, she-
ktakuéla, ulakoléla; s. down, kte-
kudla; s. into the water, ktélya; s.
down obliquely, nde-ukucla, pl. wet-
kuéla; s. into, as through a hole,
gutcktcha, gutéga; kilibli; s. into
Jrom one side, kiatéga; s on the ice,
wakludnsha, wéshtat ulak’kénka;
s. over, to skate, ulak’kanka. Cf.
fall, roll.

slight, adj., loose, ké-uni.

slime, phlegm, mdlash.

sling for throwing, skiw6tkish; s. for
throwing heavy missiles, shunto-
yakea-étkish.

slip, v.i, ktekucla; s. with the feet,
yudshlaktkal; s. into from one side,
kiatéga; s. up to, ganta; s. while
crawling, ktchidsha; to let s., espe-
cially into water, ktélya.

slippery, laklakli, tehliyatko; to
be or become s., lak’laka.

slit, ndsdkish.

slope, s., ginshkatko; if steep, la-
li’sh; mountain-s., yainatat ginshka;
gintyish; there is a long s., ati gin-
tyi. Cf. declivity.

slope, v.i.; s, down, ginshka, gi’n-

tzi; s. down on two sides, gillua; s

sky —Snake Indian.

steeply, lala; sloping down steeply,
lalatko; adv., m’laf.

slough, sluitch; tale.

slow, adj, ké-uni; running s., slow-
going, said of horses, le=héwitko,
léktchi=héwitko; s. of perception,
kaftua shayuaksh.

slowly, ké-una.

slug, stakptinksh.

slumber, v.i., kténa; ttidsha, tti-
dshna.

slumber; light s., tiidsh. Cf. sleep, v.

slush, po’ks, tupesh.

sly, tidsh shepelpelatko. Cf. smart.

small, kitchkani, abbr. kitcha; s.- |

sized, the opposite of coarse, ndshc-
kani; im s. quantity, kinkani, abbr.
kinka; growing to as. height, wigani;
in as. degrec, kitcha; at as., short
distance, wika; to a s. extent, kinka.
smallpox, gttzaksh; pox; to be
Eee i se Af
sick with the s.-p., gi'tkga.
smart, v.i, yukiuka, Mod. yiktgi;

kimalia, tatkta; tékteka, Mod. tika. |

smart, adj. shayuaksh, nanuktua
shayuaksh, tidsh shepelpelatko;
said of dogs, ete., tidshi.

smarting, s., pain, tatktish.

smash, v.t, kéwa, pl. ngildsha, |
pekéwa; s. to pieces, tékua, ndshap-

ka; s, as glass, tchtya.
smear, v.t.; s. on or over, ita, shi-

ashka, shi-ita; ipka; s. on one’s back, |

shidlamna; what is smeared on, itan-
kish, itish; s. body-paint on oneself,

shuteléma; habitually, shutelomash-

la; s. over, kiuliga, laliga, pitliga;
s. over, as oil, shutcho’sha.

659

smell, v. t.; to perceive by smell-

| img, stika, ndépa; s. around, about,

| _anim., shnikshékshuka.

smell, v.i., pilui; s. agreeably, tidsh
pilui; s. badly, to stink, kui pilui; s.
mustily, fetidly, nddpa.

smell, s.; what emits s., piluyéash;
putrid s., ndtipash; s. of rotten fish,

tchm0’k.

smile, v. i, mutchutchuyapka,
luafza.

smith, watiti-shtshatish; cf. black-
smith.

smoke, s.; s. of fire, shlayaks; s.-
colored, liashptchi; s.-hole of lodge,
ginzish, ldkanksh; to make, produce
S., fire, shli’-ika; to expose to the s.,
hashli-iza; to become black from s.,
skélya; to blow s. into, to s. out, wi-
uka; to smother by s., pita.

smoke, v.i., shli’-ika.

ismoke, v.t, as meat, hashlé-iza;

s. tobacco, pika; to cease smoking,

pakdla; s. ow, as an animal, wi-

uka.

smooth, adj.; slick, laklakh, pat-

| patli, tatatli; tehlizatko; not s.,

rough to the touch, kitchkitchli; to

make s., even, vulina, talaka. Cf.
even, flat, level.

ismooth, v. t., latadshl’ya, Mod.
patpat shiita; s. off, to plane, shnu-
tchliktagia, talaka, vulina.

smoothly, adv., patpat.

smother, v. i, fo be smothering,
puta; késhga hdékish.

snail, stakptinksh.

| ~

Snake Indian, nom. pr, Sat;

i

660 ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

his nickname, Mbt’shaksh; resem-| snuff, v. t., s. up, shni’za.

bling aS. Indian, sha’t, sha’ tptchi.
snake, generic, wishink, Mod.
waménaksh; black s., species of,

Bascanium, kémtilaga; black-s., |
black-spotted s., species of Pity-
ophis, waménaksh; garter-s., wi-

shink; yellow ground-s., species of
Pityophis, katlanti; house-s., g@6-
itak; rattle-s., ké-ish; whip-s., 3-4 |
feet long, ulak’kdnkish; s.-skin, |
when on body, ndsé’dsh; when
shed, skinshgakuish; to go s.-like,
kakidsha; kintehna, kinuina. |

snap, v. i; s. im two, ugdta, pl. |
ngtildsha; s. at, shnuldka.

snarly; having s. hair, tchitaksh.

sneak, v.i.; s. towards, ganta, hu- |
shtitanka, shawaltanka.

|
sneak-thief, ganta-papalish. |
sneer at, shnashnatia. |
sneeze, v.1, étéshua.
snore, v.i. hli’ka, kaikaya.
SNMOrt, Vv. 1, tinéea.
snot; shni’ysh, Mod. shnéyash. Cf.

MUCUS.

snout, pshi’sh, shai’m.
snow; ké’sh; s. és falling, kéna; to |

make s.,to produce snowfall, ke’shala; |

s.-bird, Junco oregonus, maidiktak;
s.fall, s-heap, kéknish;_ s.-goose, |
Anser hyperboreus, waiwash; s.-
shoe of buckskin, nf.

snow, v. impers., if snows, kéna;
it snows everywhere, kékna; it ceases
snowing, kenéla, sméhui, smahu-
yola.

sniff, v. t., shni’ya

so, ady., thus, in such a manner,

himasht; na asht, Mod. né-asht;
ga-asht; gn géntch, tehi, tsi;
tehi’k; so, thus, introducing ver-
batim quotations of spoken words,
tchi, na-asht; ke, Mod. né-asht, kfe;
so much, thus much, kank, adj. and
adv.; kianktak, ka, ga; and so, and
thus, then so, tehiyuk, tehtyunk;
so, in such a manner as, correlat.,
wakaktoksh; just so, himashtak,
huimtsantka; so much, so many as
that, tank, tanni; kank, kanktak,
kimi; gt; so far as that, ect, eé&
tak; so great, tall, large, wide, gt;
taniani; so long, ect, tinni; so many
times, tankni; so looking, so con-
ditioned, gémptchi, himtehi.

soar, v.1, s. away, hintehna; s. in

a straight line, tuitchna.

sob, v. i, hléka, kaikdya; to go

around sobbing, gaikanka.

society, body of people, shuki’l-

kish, mépoks; to form a s., shu-
kwIki, mépka, tulha.

-soft, tender, tche-ini; s. to the touch,

ptchdkatko; to be s., elastic, hiu-
hiwa

soil, v. t, kaknéga, kaknégatko

shidshka, szaknéga; soiled, kakné-
gatko, kuytimatko, nuatéizatko ;
to be, become soiled, kuytima;. s.
oneself, hushkaknéga.

soil, s, ground, kiifla; upon the s.

or upon this s., hi, hi’, i; when con-
nected with verbs, upon the s. is
generally expressed by verbal

snake—sorrow.

affixes; on this s., hita, hitok; argil-
laceous s., tikesh. Cf. ground.

soldier, sht’ldshash.

sole of foot, tikak; nakish.

solely; sometimes expressed by
tila, abbr. ta, -ta. Cf. only.

solicit, v. t., killétana; shakétka;
vila, shatéla.

solid, and fo be s., kudta; s., in a
condensed state, hiipkatko; to be s.,
hiipka.

solitary; fo bes., shakamshia; fo |

be s. through fear, shikamshinea.
some, adj., a few, nanka, kinkdni,

tinkak; s. few only, tankakak; s. |

one, kani; na‘dsh, na’sh, or nay-
ensh; some.... correlat.,
VNR Os he pear nanyatoks or nanka;
s. kind, sort of, tua.

somebody, some one, kant; na‘dsh,
na’sh,
or persons, tua, KI.

somersault; to turn as., tehiku-
alyuléa; out of the water, as fish,
vutchéwa.

something, some object, tua; some
things, nanka.

. some,

or nayensh; some person

sometime, un, tin; s. from now,
tntchek; for s., we’, wigapani;
some. other time, tishgish tche’k.
Cf. time.

somewhat, kitcha; kinka; a little,
when placed before adjectives:
-tkani; s. more, mtiak.

somewhere, tam; tudnkshi, tush.

son, vinak, dim. vunikaga; wéash,
dim. wéka; related as s. to father,
sha-ungiltko; son’s s., we’sam we's,

661

son's wife,
said by his father and mother,
p’ttitap; sons of male cousins call
each other: pimtchip; to give birth
to a s., unakdkala; ef wékala.

son-in-law, said by father and
mother-in-law, p’ki’ship.

song, shui’sh; chorus-s., shiundtish;
magic s., tamanuash-s, of conjurers
and others, shivish, yé-uks; dance-

or: wéasham wéash;

s. yékish; to celebrate by dance-
songs, yéka; to sing chorus-songs
uninterruptedly, shiunitna,; to start a
chorus-s., shuyéga; said of the con-
jurer, shiundta; to apply, make use
of the s.-medicine, hishinua. Cf.
chorus, sing, v.

|soon, tna; very, pretty s., tanktak;

as s. as, nanui; sooner than, adj.,
lupini, lupitni; conj., Itipia, lipiak,
lupitana.

soot, tsdpszish.

sooty; to become, be s., skélkéta.

sop, v. t.3 s. up, hldpa.

soreerer, kiuks; sheshyeild-ash.
Cf. conjurer.

sore, adj., tchimtatko; to be s., wéla;
tékteka, Mod. tika.

sore, s., ma’shash; small s., tehim-
tash; to have as., wéla; hanuipka;
afflicted with sores, tchimtitko. — Cf.
eruption.

sorrel; light s., ka-uka-uli; dark
s., tehuitehiili; s. horse, taktakli
witch.

sorrow, s.; to be full of s., yualka,
shuntiyua, latka; to be afflicted with
mortal s., kK’lékna.

662

sorrowful, yuyalkish; yuyalkish-
ptehi; to be s., latka, yudlka; to
render s., yuyalks-shitk shita.

sorry, yuydlkish; fo be s. about,

yualka, d. yuydlka; lila.

sort; no ex. eq.: some s. af, tua; one
of this, that s., himtchi, gémtchi,
shuhinkptchi; all sorts or kinds of,
ninuktua; all that s. of, suffix -ni,
d. -nini; of various sorts, wiktchish.
Cf. kind.

soul, animal life, hukish; sensitive
power of man, stefnash.

sound, anim., stfi’tyish, timénash;
to produce, emit s., hii'ma, sti'tyéna,
walta; to emit musical sounds, clangs,
wilta.

sound, v.i., hii’ma; walta; to cause
to s., shndhualta.

sour, ka-& ma’shitko;
yatko; to taste s., ka-4 ma’sha;
tchmiya.

sour ce of water, nushaltkiga; pond-
s. nushaltkiga, wélwash, kokiga;
taking its s, nushdltko. Cf. spring.

south, southward, miuat,
miatana, muatala; from the s.,
muat; it blows from the s., mua.”

southern, muatni; native of s.
lands, belonging there, miatni.

southwest wind, tyalamash k¢-

tehmitiyu-

mitt;

tsa mtiatita shléwish, ov kétsa mua-
titala shléwish.

southwind, mutash; its mythic
personification, Muash; the s. wind
blows, miia.

sow, y.t., as vegetables, hashua-a;
s., sprinkle, kédshna ; sowing, plant-

ENGLISH —- KLAMATH DICTIONARY,

ing ground, hashuakish, Mod. hash-
uash; né-ush.

space, s.; intervening s., ginkaksh;
s. between fingers, népam giggdank-
aksh, shegedtyatko; there is s.,
room, gita a ginuala.

spade, utoydtkish; s. for digging
roots, bulbs, meyétkish; dmda,

Spaniard, Spanidlkni.

spare, kinkani, abbr. kinka.

spark, s., of fire, likudlya; to emit
sparks, likudlya; to go, travel about
with as. of fire, skli’tchkanka.

sparkle, v.i; s. forth, likualga.

sparrow-hawk; ef. hawk.

i, shkiwa; spawning

spawn, v.

place, tulfsh.
ane ,

speak, v. t.; generic: hémkanka;

A

shipa; words quoted verbatim, he-
ei

oi; I spoke thus, nti né-asht
gi, tchi ni gi; words not quoted, or
not verbatim, hémkanka; s. to, con-
verse, hashashudkia, shaptya, hém-
ta, hémtchna; s. against, unfavora-
bly, heshégsha; s. aloud, ndéna; on

=P
me'yxe,

one’s way, or in public, amniyamna,
dmnadsha; _s., cry down into, hii’'m-
éle; s. to somebody distant, hamé-
ktipka, hashtaltélampka; s. to each
other, hashtaltéla; s. out one’s mind,
she’esha; s. pro and contra, argue,
hashtaltala, shempcta; s. promiscu-
ously, waltka, waltkapéli; s. in pub-
lic, deliver a speech, ndéna; s. m a
high voice, tche’ktcheka; s. low-
voiced, liklakpka, léklekpka.
speaker, wialtkish, ki’k’kish.
spear, s.5 gig-s., fishing-s., shtcha-

sorrowful—spot.

kuash; ki’sh; short s., javelin, tal-
dshi.

spear, v.t.; s. fish, sttkua, kii’m
stikua; s. several fish or other ob-
jects simultaneously, shakpatmawa;
s. fish through ice-holes, yikashla.

speck, s.; ef. ‘dot, mark; full of
specks, nuatayatko; ef. speckled.

speckled, udélgatko, shumalud-
tko, nuatayatko. Cf. stain, v.

spectacles, sheshalkosh.

spectator; to beas., ndshama-a;
cf. observe, v.

speech, heme’zish, hémkanksh;
waltoks; to deliver a s., hémkanka;
words quoted verbatim, hemée’ze;
s. delivered, hémkankuish.

speed off, v.i, to move with great
s., killikanka, ksititaki.

spell, s.; s. of witchcraft, magic s.,
shui’sh; yayayd-as; to cast a deadly
s., tawi; to suffer from a s. of witch-
craft, shalyita; to free oneself of the
magic s., shuishla,

spend, v.t., fogive away, piedsha;
s.money, tala ptiedsha, tala kékanka.

spendthrift, nanuktudnta pépu-
adshnish; pépuadshnish.

spelshna-game, shadkalsh; to
play the s.-g., spélshna, shdkalsha,
shikla; s.-g. stick, shilshésh, shak-
létkish; s.-g check, kshe'sh.

spider, kaltchitchiks; to sing the
s.-song, kaltchitchiks shuina.

spill, v. t, kitétchna, Mod. kftitch-
na; shnekégi.

spine, thorn, wati.

spirit, s. vital principle, hukish ;

663
shko‘ks; _ s.-fish,
s. of old woman,
witch, welékaga; to travel around
as a witch’s s., wela’yatka; to look
towards the s.-land, to be moribund,
klekapkashtala télshampka.

spirited, tidsh shepelpelatko.

spirituous liquor, lam.

spit, v.t.; s. owt, shliktchna, Mod
kpitchtchna; s. upon, s. all over,
shna-ulamna; to see somebody spit-
ting out, tilutaknila.

spit, v. t., to impale, talka.

|spite; ins. of, gintak; -tak, -toksh,
tadsh, q. v.

spittoon, shlékleish

splash, v. i, shlatchiéga, shlatehu-
alya; s. in the water, to strike the

s. of deceased,
shko’ks=kiii’m ;

water, inan., yua.

spleen, milt, mpatash

splendor, dazzling shine, ktchal-
zish, ktchalshkash.

splinter, dnku, dnkuaga; to run
a s. nto a part of body, ktchéna,
shishna.

split, v, t, long obj., ukdta, pl.
vuléddsha; s. wood, ete., udshidshi ;

_ s. the long way, kti’tchitcha, utcha,
utchaya; s. in the whole length,
spatcha, padsha; split up, partic.
utchayatko.

spoil, v. t., ku-i shita, shne-uydla

Spokane Indian, nom. pr., Spu-
kii’n maklaks, Spukii’n.

spoon, midsho; to eatwithas., hldpa

isport, Iéshuatyash; to have social
s., léwa; ]¢é-una, kaé-ika

spot, s., stain, shnéluash; round s.,

664.

dot, Itéks; full of spots, nuatizatko, |
on the
very 8. hataktok, hatkak; at both
spots, lipukni; to make spots, shi-

udélgatko, shumaludtko ;

malua; s. where many similar ob- |
jects are found, wa'sh. Cf. here,
place, there, and the numerals.

spotted, uddlgatko, shumaludtko.
Cf. speckled; stain, v. and s.

Sprague River, nom pr.,Plafkni |
Koéke, P'laikni, P’laf; S. R. Valley,
Plat; Indian inhabiting S. R. Val- |
ley, P’laikni. |

sprain, vy. t., @ limb, shuatiwi, shui- |
kashlina. |

sprawl, v.i. while lying or floating |
on the belly, willaslina; s. when on
a wave crest, wilhaslashna.
spread, v.t., fo sprinkle, kédshna; |
s. out, spikua; s. out for tanning,
tkitya; s. out for somebody, sheet-
like obj., shlanfa, shlinka; s. out
equally on both sides, shitechlétya;

s, out over the water, river, shlankua; |
s., part legs, feet, pitchka; s. over,
idsya, ne’dsza; over, on the top of, |

lokAptchza; s. over, as sheets, ete., |

hishtdshya. |
spread, v.i; s. about, roll on, tila; |

liquids, tila, tchiéga; s. downwards,

tilalina; s, extend over the upper part
of, lawala.

spree, lekankish; to go on as., lé-
kanka. ‘|

sprig; cf. bough.

spring of water, nushaltkAea, wel-
wash, kékaga; s. forming a stag-

nant pond, tehiwish; taking, having

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

its s., source, nushaltko ; to have its
s., source, nttItzaga; in the moun-
tains, tiundli.

spring of the year, sk6; it is s. time,
skoa.

sprinkle, v. t. kédshna; {dsya;
s. with liquids, kliulala; s.upon, kitu-

lAla.

sprout, v.i., s. up, kédsha.

Spruce, spine, Abies menziesii, pa-
namin, abbr. pan.

spur; both spurs of a rider, kma-
tehyétkish; s. of certain birds, ka-
ptcha; hill-s., katokfwash.

spy, s., skttyuash.

spy, v.t, kmika; s. owt, ka-uli’k-
tcha; to go in front spying, gaydya.

osquanderer; ef. spendthrift

square, kinkutko.

squat, v. i, tchutatka; s. down,
wilya.

squaw, shnawedsh, pl. wéwanuish;
young s., shiwaga; old s., welékash,
welékaga.

squeak, v.i. hima.

squeal, v.i. shéka; hii’ma, shua-
uka, tehé’ktcheka.

squeeze, v. t., yadshapka, tatch-
Apka; s. out, kutdla.

squint, v. 1, spekpéla; squinting,
spekpelitko, spekp’litkptehi.

squirrel; s., bluish-gray, gi’wash;

gray, bluish-gray-s., tehitchak; spe-
cies of long-tailed s., Spermophilus
Beecheyi, stékuaga; species of tree-
s., Sciurus fossor, kénékan, p’laina-=
hutehnéash; yellow-striped s., tsi-
lash; species of bluish or black s.,

spotted—stand.

tmélhak; flying s., Pteromys volu-
cella, tsatitsau; chipmunk, m’shash;
to hunt them, mshashaltcha; ground-
s., two species: wa’shla; washla-
to hunt or shoot ground-squir- |
rels, washlala, washlalsha; s.-hawk,
red-tailed, Buteo calurus,
Cf. chipmunk.
squirt, v.t. from the mouth, kpu- |
tchna; shtehitehtchna. |
stab, v.t., stika; ktchéna;
other, stiyua, hushtiwa, hushtapka;
s. back, hishtka; s. oneself, hishtka,
hushtipka; s. repeatedly, in several
places,
kua;
ktchéna;
tko;
Cf. pierce.
stable, and s. with barn,

,
aga;

ké-ash.

s. each |

stipka; s. in the water, sti-
to be stabbed accidentally,
stabbed, stuyuctko, stuka-
in several places, sttipkatko.

stipl. |
stab-wound, stukatko, sttipkatko. |

stack, s.; mas., adv., shdpa, sti’-
pén; to lie in as., shépa; to heap up
in a s., Shdpalza.

stack, v.t., as hay, shdépalza.

Sutradah.

lean ona s. while walking, shikém

walash, wWhlkish; anku; to
ba, shémtechna.

es Cf. wagon.

stage,

stagger, Vv. lemléma, tutiéna,
ulindshna. Cf nafnaya. |
stagnant water, tehiwish, ¢-ush; |

sluitch, tale; to be s., said of |
tehiwa, nddépa.
ndékta; s

slough,
water, éwa,
v. t., shnélua,

stain, over

with marks, shtiimalua; s. over and
over, all along, ndcktana; stained

over, ndezatanatko. Cf. spotted.

665

stain, s., ndéktish, shnéluash; round
s., Itéks:

stairs,

shiimalua.
flight

of 8. shashtamnish; to go Up-s., Za-

to make stains,
staircase, gamnikish;
tIya; to go down-s., ga-ulo‘la
; s. of a bet, game-s.,
s. won, tkaks.

stake, s. hésh-

ktish;
stalk, s., of plant, tchélash; s. of
gramineous, especially tall plants,
tkap, ma-i, Mod. kap.

stallion, shlilkshaltko.

stamp, v.i.; s. with the feet, ktchi’-
tehta.
stand, generic: tgttga, du.

lévudtka, more freq. ltuatka, pl.
likantatka; s., anim. subj., sttitka;
s., assume a standing position, said
of the crescent moon, tgélza, tga-
uléza, teélymanka; s. above, on high,
tgeliwa, pl. liwala;
around, between, tkilamna, du. lua-
s. against an
s. ambushed, s. in the

s. above, among,

lamna, pl. liilamna;
obj., tgapata;
woods, bushes, ete., tgakdya, pl. liu-
kaya and liwala;
around,

ef. ambush; s.
in a circle inside, indoors,

tgizuga, pl. liuzuga; outside of, out-

doors, tgatitana, tgatita, pl. liutita-
na; s. before temporarily, tetita, pl.

lévulita, Pultita; s. between, tgitsza,
tkalamna;_s. at the end of arow, file,
lamadsha, tamddsha, lelfwa; at the
lower end of a row, yumadsha; s. on

one’s feet, teawala, pl. wala; s. on
one’s head, anim. and inan., shetal-

yéa, shutalyéa;
on the level of the one speaking,

nishtat tipka; s.

tiipka, pl. liupka; standing place,

666 ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

tupkash; s. above the level of the one
speaking, tkélamna, p’laf ttipka; s.
below the level of the one speaking,
tiiya; s. inside, indoors, teizuga, pl
Ifuguga, lIfuna; s. near, taliga, lalf-
ga; tgitsya, pl lualéya; s. near by,
tgaki4mna, pl. liukid4mna; s. near,
close by, behind, tgiptcha, pl. liup-
tcha, pl. of inan. subj., tehfpka; s.
on, upon something, tgakdya, pl.
liukaya; tgikéla; tg4wala, pl. Ifwa-
la; s. or lie on the ground, inan.,
Ibtika, lisha, tisha; s. outside of,
outdoors, tgatitana, teatita, pl. liutita-
na, d lilutitana; s. owt from. long-
shaped subj., tipka; rocks, ete., sam-
ka-a;_ s. out of a group, row, ef. s.
at the end of; s. on the rim of, tge-
liwa; s. in a ring, row, file, series,
crowd, tgakidmna, pl. liukidmna,
also pl. lualdya, litittatka; s. in a se-
ereted location, cf. s. ambushed; s.
on one side of, pl. liuna; s. in the
sky, celestial bodies, laggdya; s for
a time, tgtita, du. lévultta, Pulita;
s. on tiptoe, ldi’etatka; s. together,
Jorm alliance, shitehla, shitchlaéla,
tehilla, tehinta; s. together in a bunch,
cluster, iman., techipka, liwa; s. on
the top of, tgeliwa; tgdwala, pl. Ii-
wala; s. underneath, below, tgutila,
pl. lévutfla, Putila; s. wp on one’s
feet, tgélya, tga-tlza, tkaléga; to
be erect, tgawala, pl. liwala; s. up
from a sitting position, teélza; s.
up suddenly, huyéga, du. tushiéga,
pl. tiniéga; to make s. up, spitkala,
cf. help, v.; s. upon, ef. s. on some-

i

thing; s. on, close to the water, on
the beach, shore-line, tgalfga, pl.
liuliga, d. liluliga; lalfga; s. in the
water, tgéwa, pl. liwa.

stand, s.;-to make a s., halt, tchfa;
tedlya, pl. luelo’lza.

Standing Rock, nom. pr. loc.;
several local names correspond to
it, as Afsh=-Tkali’ks, Kté-i Tu-
piksi. See hii’nuash, yatish, shu-
ltyualsh, Tsdzeak-TkA4walsh, We-
Iékag-Kndaklekséksi.

star, and shooting s., ktchi’l; the
three stars im Orion’s belt, nda-
ndaksni.

stare, v.i; s. at, tu¢éktueka.

start, v.1.; s.onatrip, journey, ete.,
guhuashka, guhudshktcha; to be on
the way, géna, gi-udshna; also ex-
pressed by the verbal suffixes
-tcha, -tchna, -dsha, -dshna;_ s.
after, ké-iha, haitechna; s. away
Jrom, géka, gékna, gii’shka, gti-
kaka, Klewfdsha, k’lewidshna;_s.
away from into woods, ete., guikin-
sha; s. a @ canoe, skohudshka;
s. in a carriage, luhdshktcha; léna;
s. for carrying away, insha; lone
obj., shayantildsha; s. after drink-
ing, buntidsha; s. for fetching, ik-
tcha, liktcha; s. from home, camp,
eéka, eékna, gtikaka; togoand s.,
guikaiktcha; s. on one’s feet, s. up,
huyéga, pl. tiniéea; tedlya, Mod.
tgo-ulza, pl. lueld‘lya; hittkala, du.
tishtkala, pl. tintkala; saddently,
huitkalshna; s. to leave, tehé-ulya;
Ss. on a ride, hushatsa; s. on a run,

stand—stepfather. 667

hiita; s. up from a sitting position,
teélya, pl. luelo'lya; s. up, s up
vertically, said of fire, tgepalii’ga,
nitkalea; s. on the warpath, guté-
dsha; s. with something, to begin at
one end, tmuyéga; starting-point or
-line in games, ete., shalzudtgish.
Cf. leave, v. t. and v. i.

start, v. t, @ chorus, shuyéga,
shiunéta; s an echo, shnahual-
pakta; s. somebody on his way,
ginkanka, ef. stitya.

startle, v. t.; to be startled, tika.
Cf. scare, v.

starve, v.i.; s. and starve to death,
stiwa; s. by fasting, sta-dta.

starve, v.t; s. out, hashtawa.

starvation, by hunger, tid’ mish.

state, v. t, to say so, kshApa, na-
asht gi, shapa; s. fo somebody,
shapiya, she’gsha; to affirm, shé-
wala.

stay, v.1, remain, tchia; gi; s. in
a certain place or medium, tchia, pl.
wa; wintila; s. between, among, tei-
tsya;_s. im company of, hashuakla;
s. continually at, tehi’dsha, pl. wa-
dshuga; s. at a place, house, village,
tchia, pl. tehia, wa; s. upon, on some-
thing, or in the woods, etc., tgakaya,
pl. liuktya; s underneath, tchutila,
du. wawatila, pl. liutila; s. or lodge
with at night, shetdlya; s. within,
inside of, tchiwiza, tchizdga, pl.
wadshuga, Of. remain, stand.

steal, v.t, palla; s. again, repeat-
edly, palapéle; to return for steal-
ing, paldshapéle; s., kidnap, kshu-

katkal, spti’ntza; to be stolen, gone,
1aki.

steam, s.; to produce s., thaka; to

turn into, become s, wakwaka; to
take a s. bath, spt’kli, Mod. Itimké-
ka; to use for s.-baths, sptiklitta; to
start out for a s.-bath, sptklitcha.

Steamboat Frank, nom. pr.

Tehimiintko.

steel, watiti.
steep, lalatko; fo be s., lala; s.

slope, shore, lali’sh; s. valley, gorge,
paksh; s. hole showing location of
old sweat-lodge, s\i/mdamd-= wash.

steeply, m’lai.
steer, mtshmush, Mod. viishmush.
stem, s., tchélash; tree-s., Aanku; es-

pecially of the wdlash-tree, wilash;
s. of aquatic plant, reed, tulish; s.
of tobacco-pipe, pikshtat tulish.

step, v.i., to tread, kishlya, shika-

shla; s., walk across a space, ka-
uléktana; s. down, off from, pe-
tchéli; s. down from the horse, mule,
hushlinsha ; s. on, upon, kishtchna,
pétchtna; s. on something while
marching, kishtchka; s. on, upon,
gelapka, ge’hlapka; s. on again,
gelapkapéle; s. on one’s own foot,
shuhdtehya; s. 1p towards, kish-
tehipka.

step, s., shikashlash; to take one s.,

shikashtka.

stepdaughter, said by step-

father, kishlyatko; said by step-
mother, p’shéship.

stepfather, said by stepchildren,

ktishlaksh.

668

stepmother, p’shaship.

stepson, said by stepfather, ki--

shlyatko; said by stepmother,
p’shaship.

sterile,
wa-ish; s. woman, tehitu.

sterno-cleido-mastoid mus-
cle of neck, kmitik.

stew, vy. t., ndka, taluodsha.

stick, s. of wood, anku; walash,
wivhlkish; heavy s. of wood, club,
papkash; s. for digging roots, bulbs,
ete., Amda, meydtkish; wwillow-s. for
erecting sweat-lodges, shtcha ush;
s. of kindling wood, \kt'pkash, q. v.;
the twoslender sticks in the spélshna-
game, sztitash; little s. serving as
counting-check, kshe’sh; short. s.
used in certain games, shakldétkish,
shilshésh ; walking-s., staff, hii’ k-
skish; to hold a s. in hand, hands,
shémtcha; to move along by leaning
on as., shémtchna; to walk with a
s. shikAimba. Cf. post, s.

stick, v.t.; s. up obliquely, kiuléka,
kiukdya, kiutchna; s. up on a pole,

,

ete., ipma’tcha; aggdya, laggdya;

oD
while going, aggd-idsha, lagea- |
idsha; s. up a pole, fishnet, ete.,
téwa; cf. tamadsha; s. up some- |

thing sharp, tilka, stikla; s. or
paste upon, shnantchikta; s. oud

one’s head when walking, skén-
shna; s. out one’s head from under,
eitakintila; fo be stuck on a pole,
etc. aggaya, lagedya, tatita; shnan-
tehakta.

stick, v.i.; s. on the surface of, gin-

as land, kttidshi, kA-i wa- |

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

tana; gt’ta; s. upon, round subj.,
as stains, ete., lalfga; s on, to be glu-
tinous, ntchakta, shnintchakta;_s.
to, to be attached at the time being,
tetita, pl. léviita, d. Pultita; s. in
something, long subj., aggdya, pl.
igeaya; s. to something high, long,
winta; s. out, to be stuck up, tatita;
agedya, lageiya; sticking to, ginta-
nitko; to go up while sticking close

to, ageidsha.,
“Stick-out-Head, nom. pr. mase.,
| Skoéntehish.

sticky; to be s., ntchakta, shnan-
tchikta.

stiff, witehwitchli; to be s. by cold,
tapsyoya.

stiffly, witchwitch.

still, adv., quietly, kémkem; s., adv.
temp., we’, tin, tntchek.

stilts, shikukangotch.

sting,
stti‘ka.

v.t., as bees, snakes, kfutka,

stingy, widshikish; fo be s., wi-
dshika; not s., welwéVhi.
Sofas. Vi.

through vrottenness, nddpa;

i, kui pilui, pflui; s.

to go
around stinking, shipalkdnka.

stir, v. t, s. up, katchiga; dough,
stiwini; liquids, katchakiéni, kulo-

yena; s. up the water, steléwa; s. up,

said of winds, vuhupiéga; s.

to)

up, as
animals, ete., shuyéga

stir, v.13 s. about, to make motions,
shiktka, shiwina.

stirrup, lldish.

stitch, v. t., skénshna.

stitehinge, s. seam, skéntchish,

stepmother—strange.

stocking, hiapdétyoksh, Mod. hi- |

ipatzoksh; shtéginsh; to make, knit
stockings, shtéginshala.

stomach of man, nkasham liwalsh;
Jirst, upper s. of aruminant, lawalsh,
nkasham lawalsh;
nkash; to fill the s., #’-una, shohota.

stone, ktd-i, dim. ktaydga; heavy |

flat mealing s., lematch,

grindstone, whetstone, lektchétkish;

s.-knife, mbt'shaksh; house built of |

s., ktaf-latchash, Mod. ktat-stina’sh.
Cf. rock.

stony, rocky, ktayalish; s. tract,
ktayalish; kna’t, Mod. kla’dsh; full
of pumice-stone, tchok¢yaltko
lali’sh.

stool, tehawalkish; to go to s., cf.

defecate, v.

stoop, v.i, to bend down, tchilya,
kni’‘kla, kna’klya.

stop, v.t.; s. or bung up, lakia, ta-
kia; s. an opening, ndsdikia; s. doing
something, expressed by suffixes
-bla, -tila; often by adverbs, as by:
at gctak.

stop, v. 1, to cease, quit, k’léwi; s.
short, k’léwi; s./! you there, s.!/
Iéki! pl. lékat! gétak! Mod. kank-
tak! tinktak! guni kanktak! s.
talking! s. crying! kapkablantaks!

kémkem! s. at a_ house, ete,
tchia; s. on one’s way, tikélya;

at intervals, at times, tiklaktchna ;
s. on the way, said of birds, hilza;
s.on one’s march, tchia; s. short after
a run, tgélya, pl. luelo’lza; s. to-
gether in the same camp, village,

its largest s., |

tanua; |

CE. |

669

tchipka; s. within, inside, tehizdga,

tchiwizi, pl. wadshuga. Cf. quit,

Vents

‘stop, s.; to be on one’s way again
after a_s., tilo’tkala; to harvest or
Jish again after as., shnikanudnka.

stopper, lakish.

store, s.; s.-house, warchouse, ipaksh,
sheshatuikish.

store, v. t. ipka; s. underground,

| , , . , .
pnana, vumi, hiwidsha; storing-
place, ipaksh; vumi, vumish; ef.

bury, v., underground.

stor m, s, Witchtaks, ydlkam; to

| produce a s., yalyamala; hail-s.,

stt’kish ; wind-s., killitko shléwish;

| snow-s.,kéknish; rain-s., kt6dshash;

s. carrying rain and snow together,

| kulyash; whirlwind, kakiaksh.

story and fabulous s., shashapkélé-
ash; s.-teller, shashapkélé-ish.

Cf. oven.

t.; s. away underground,
pnana, vumi. Cf. store, v. t.

straight, adj., talaak; running s.,
linear, taltali; to make s., tdlaak
shita, tkiiya; to fly ina s. line, hiin-
tchna.

straight, adv.; s. out, tala, talaak;
towalks out,as lizards, ulitehkanka.

straighten, v. t.; s. owt, talaak
shita, tkiiya.

straightener of arrow- shafts,

| made of stone, tktilkish; made of
wood, tkuy6tkish.

strain out, v.t., patddsha.

strange, wennini, apoc. wénni; to

stove, heater, stip.

SHON AV

be vay q 7 fs |;
ecome s., Weniiala,.

670

strangely, wénni.

stranger, atfkni, wennfkni; fo
consider as a@ s., ké-ikéma.

strap, 8; s. of leather, pukéwish,
dim. pukewiga; quiver-s., stilash;
s. for saddles, ete., pékash; otter-skin
s. or other skin-s., sk@'l; fur-skin-s.
tied into the hair, shukatonoldtkish.
Cf. quiver.

strap, v. t; s. the saddle-girth
around, shuitala; s. wp into a bun-
dle, hushtitanka.

strawberry, tchtitchiks; s.-plant,
tehtitchiksham.

stray, v. 1; s. around, as dogs,
nikanka; s. out, lidshna, lulina,
Idlalya, Idkanka; to go straying,
litchipka, Iiyapka. Cf. astray.

streaked, uyozaitko, udédlgatko.
Cf. striped.

stream, kéke; small s, kdkaga,
tukudga.

street, sti; ginszish; s. m a city,
ti-uni ginszéntko.

strength, killitko; litchlitchli.

strengthen, v. t.; s. omeself,
shpotu.

stretch, v. t.; s. out, hushkalya;
upon something high, kshawal,
kshttiwal, pl. iwdla; s. out by hand,
patadsha, spatadsha; s. out on
ground or elsewhere, kshikla, pl.
fkla; s. limbs or clastic objects, spita-
dsha; s. one’s limbs, shuatdwi; s.
over, nédsza; long-shaped articles,
fdsya; s. oneself out, back upward,
or flat on the ground, shutlpka, pl.

wiwampka. Cf. extend, v. t.

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

stride on, v. i. ksfutiki; s. on
long-legged, tchikélalza.

strike, v.t.; s. with a long article,
as a club, whip, ete., vita, wi-udsha,
wihii’tehya, vudiika, vud’kita, wi-
uldla; udtyua, udtiipka, udipkpa;
s. a blow, wiuldla; again, wiulala-
péle; s. by hand, bill or weapon,
ndtika, kttipka; s., stab back, hush-
tapka; s. down into repeatedly, mpat-
kia; s. camp for the night, mak léza;
s. cach other, shutapka, shuktapka,
shckpéza, Mod. ndiyua, ktiityua;
s. the ground, said of missiles, yul-
ya; 8. the water, yua; s. into after
going through another obj., mpata;
s. a match, shuiliwa; s. oneself, sha’-
ktka, shutaipka; ‘s. upon, through
with a tool, mpata; one who strikes
with tools habitually, wpamptish.

string, kniks, dim. knukaga; thick
s., braided, tuintish; s. used as a
holder, handle, stilash; leather-s.,
pukéwish, dim. pukewfga; guard-s.
of hat, tsuyésham stilash; s. of beads,
ydunnash; s.-game, and s. with both
ends weighted, tchima-ash; to play
the s.-game, tehima-a.

strip, v.t., long obj., udshipa, pl.
idshfpa; round obj., ludshipa, shul-
shipa.

strip of leather, pukéwish, dim.
pukewiga; to cut into strips, pui.

striped, uddlgatko, uyozatko; s.
horizontally, Ukakimitko; s. vertical-
ly, |kelkdtkitko; s. transversely or
at right angles, sheshalyakanatko;
s. lengthwise, shélyaluatko.

strangely—sucker. 671

stroke, s.; s. of lightning, liepalsh,
lémé-ish.

stroke, v. t., tashuldéla; to pat,
tatcha'lka; ptchiklya, Mod. ptcha-
klya.

stroll, v.ij; s. around, gataml’za,
gintala; one who strolls about, tatam-
nuish.

strong; vigorous, litchlitchli, killi-
tko; large and s., mini; s., irresisti-
ble, as a demon, shkaini; s., said of
tissues, ropes, tsuégatko; s. in the
sense of solid, voluminous, hipka-
tko; to be s. hupka; to become
s., solid, kaltki; to become s. by phy-
sical exercise, shpdtu; to be s.,
kila; said of winds, sk4; to become
stronger, winds, shiwina.

strongly, ka-a, apoc. k4, g4; with
vigor, litchliteh; a great deal, mi,
tim; s., forcibly, ki’), killank; s.,
said of winds, frost, ska.

struggle, v.i, to writhe, witwita.

strut about, shalkid-a, shapkua.

stubble, mulinuish.

stubborn, ktidshi.

study, v. i. and t. hishkanka,
hi’shka, in Mod. also: képa; shvu-
yt’sha, Mod. shvuyushaga.

stuff, v. t., as an animal, tkana.

stumble, v.i.; s. and fall, udsht-
klya.

stump of tree, bush, ttitash; s. of
dried-up tree, wapdlash.

stupid, lIétalani, Mod. kéhak kéz-
pash ; tchawikatko.

subchief, kitchkéni laki, abbr.
kétsa laki.

submerge, v. t., tila, tilhua; s.,
as a canoe, flktcha; submerged, til-
hudntko.

subsequent, tapini; s., following
in age, tapinkani.

subsequently, adv. and conj.,
tapi, tapitana, at, apoc. a; tchii,
tehtiyuk, tehtiyunk; k’léwiank; cf.
and, hereupon.

substance, s.; in the sense of
thing, object, tua; Vlack s., gfi’pal,
q. V.; poisonous s., ktidshi ya-uks,
yi-uks; covering s., sktitash; decay-
ed wood-s., mti‘lu; emetic s., tehunt-
kish; glass-s., lam=punti'tkishti; glu-
tinous s. of the eye, walash; resinous,
glutinous s. put on arrows, walakish;
greenish s. of snakes, lotelétash; s.
producing death, Klekétkish, luelét-
kish; s. producing pain, disease, tatk-
tish; s sucked out by the conjurer,
hanshish.

succeed, v.i. to have luck, tinya,
tidsh tinga.

such; s. one, one of that sort, s.-like,
eémptehi, hi’mtchi, shuhankptehi;
in s. away, limasht, gd-asht; wak;
correlat. wakaktoksh; to act in s. a
way, hiimasht gi; one who looks or
behaves in s. a way, haktchamptehi.

suck, v.t; s. owt, milk and blood
only, édsha; s. owt of, hantchipka,
itkal; kdéka; s. at something, klu-
dsoya, kpudsho’sha; s. aé, as at
a patient, hanshna.

sucker, s.; the various fish-species
known as suckers in the KI. high-

lands are: Chasmistes luxatus,

672

tsuam; Chasmistes

brevirostris, |

kaptu; Catastomus labiatus, yen;

another of the Catastomidae, ‘‘white-

fish,” udshiksh; to catch this s., |

udshaksalsha; other species: sé-_

walsh or shawash, vuyd-aga, vu-
nai, and the smallest s., hishtish.

t., héshtcha; suckling
child, mi ksh, Mod. shuéntch; dim.

Suc. ov:

mitkaga, Mod. shuentchiga.
sudatory, spt’klish, dim. spt’kliga.
suddenly, ki, palakak, tankt at.
suet, plu.
suffer, v.i. to be. afflicted, yualka;
mentally, shuntiyua, stemash
ma‘sha; s. from a spell of witchcraft,

Ss.

shalyita, shalyitna; s. from an acute
or painful disease, ma’sha; s. from
a fever, klpoksh ma’sha, with obj.
case; s. from a lingering disease,
pahalka, shila; s. from a slower
internal disease, pahdka; s. from ex-
haustion, pvhtchna; s. from malaria,
tushttisha, Mod. tuishtushla.
suffering, ma’shash; if chronic,

shilash; painful s., tatktish; to endure

mental s., stefnash ma’sha.
sufficient, timi. Cf. enough.
sufficiently, gétak, Mod. kank-

tak, tanktak.
suffocate, v. t; to be suffocated,
késhea hitkish; ptita.

sugar, shiggai; s.-pine, ktéleam

ko’sh; sap of's.-pine, tchatcha-pélu; |

sweet as s., liiluyatko.
suicide; cf. commit, v.
sultry; tis s., paisha, tgiwa.

summer, pata; @ ts s., pata; after
>] I ? ’ 7

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

s. as over, pata giulank; to build a
s.-lodge, ug’ hii'plya.

summon, v.t., tpéwa, né-ulza; s.
repeatedly, several times, ne-uzalpeli.

sun, shapash; the s. ascends in the
sky, shapash a tinshipka; the s. ts
culminating, shapash p’laikishtka gi;
the s. is down, shapash t-unega. Cf.

halo, rise, set, v.

ssunburn, ktchdlyish; to produce

sunburns, ktchalya.
Sunday, sunde.
sundown, ki’sh, tindlish; at s.,
kishé’mi; time about s., tinoldlesh,
Cf. sunset.
sunfish, a fish popularly called
so, tépa.

red at s., i-unégsh.

sunflower, madna Mod.

sunrise, tine’zish; cf. east.

sunset, ki’sh, tindlish; time between
s. and dark, i-unégsh; it is s. time,
tinoléla; it is approaching s., tino-
Iéna,

waldsha ;

Vectra

ucdsya, lidsya, idsza; to pile up,

superimpose,

lokaptehza; Mod. Ikapa; s. cross-
wise, transversely, long obj., dkua,
dnkua; kshét’léka, pl. etle’zi.
superinutend, v.t.,shualaliimpka.
superintendent, shuashulalidm-
pkish; hashtaltampkatko.
superior, adj.; s. as to location,
plaitani; s. in importance, mini; s.
fo, surpassing, winfzish, wintzish-
ptchi; to be s. to, winizi, Mod. vuizin,
winizian. Cf. surpass, v.
superior, s. commander, laki.
support, s., post, walash, stutilash.

suckle—sweat-lodge. 673

suppose, v. t., shéwa, héwa, nitu,
ksh4pa; hushka, hishkanka, in
Mod. also: képa.

supposed, conj., supposing that,
hi’, ha; cf. if, when.

surface; no ex. eq.: on the s. af,
p'léntant; éo lie, rest, sprawl on the s,
of, wilhaslashna; to le on, upon, the
s., inan., lisha, isha. Cf. swim, v.

surpass, v.t., winfzi, Mod. vuizin,
winizian; ltizi, kshttizi; s. i size,
strength or stature, wintyi, Mod. vui-
yin; surpassing in size, quality, win-
{yish, winizishptchi.

Surprise Valley, nom. pr. loc.,
Spa-ish Valley.

surrender, v.t. andi, hukshi; s.
property, wozowa; Ss. for a purpose,
said of flat objects only, shlaltpa.

surround, v.t, gakidmna; s. in
the sense of heading off, gayaya; s.
with rails, fence, shutédshka; s.,
clothe in, ski'tchala; s., form a ring
around, hashampka; s. in the shape
of a coneave body or half globe,
ginkakidmna; to be surrounded by a
halo, said of the moon, shaltkala;
surrounded with, as with mist, fire,
skitatko.

suspect, v.t. ka-ikéma.

suspend, v.t., lagga4ya, naggaya;
long obj., kshaggdya, aggidya, pl.
igedya; s. while going, agga-idsha,
pl. iggd-idsha; s. over, as a blanket
over a bush, hishuggdya, shaka-
tchuala; to be suspended on, shug-
gdya; over something, tunulila.
Cf. hang, v. t.

43

sustain, v. t. as allies, tchilla,
shitchla; s. the opposite party in
war, tchinta.

swagger, v. i, shalkid-a, shipnd,
shutakta

swallow, v. t. skdétka, shniwa-
dshna; hala; s. while raising the
head repeatedly, as birds, ta-ulak-
tamna.

swallow, s.,, titak, Mod. titakia.

swamp, s., sltitch; tale; s.-dog-
berry, ipshina; — s.-dogberry-bush,
ipshtinalam.

swan, white, ki’sh.

swap, v.t., shenitta, shiyuta, hesh-
elidta, shéshatui, sheshatuika, with
loc. case of the obj. obtained; to
return from swapping, sheshatuitka;
to intend to s., shéshatuishla.

swarm, s.; to form a s., tilha;
shukii’lki.

swarm, v.1.; s. around, ké-ika, pl.
of animals, wa, tilha; s. around
buzzing, as insects, nutttyamna,

sway, s., rule, né-ulaksh.

sway, V.i, 8. over, hashtaltélampka,
né-ulza.

sweat, v. i, to perspire, shualka;
s. after cxertion through dancing,
wala; s. in the steam-bath, spt’klia;
to go and s. nm a@ steam-bath, spt'k-
litcha; s. and dance during five
days, spt’kli; to use for sweating
purposes, sptiklitta.

sweat-lod ge; ceremonial s.-L, spt'k-
lish; family-s.-l, spt’klish, Mod.
li’mkoksh; Jittle s-l, spt’kliga; to
take a sweat-bath in the s-l., daily and

674

ceremonial, spt’kli, Mod. lfimké-
ka; to erect a s.-l. and to lay mats
upon it, spt’klishla; outside ladder
of large dance- or s.-l, shashtanulé-
lash; former location of a s.-l., sla’m-
damd-=wash; floor of s.-l., tant.

sweep, v. t., vudshédka; s. with a
broom, vudshi’‘shka, vudshlo’shka;
s. over, said of winds, wikaénsha.

sweet, luiluyatko; to be s. to the
taste, liiluya.

swell, v. i.; s. up, gthua, tuiza;
swollen, guhatko, tuizampkatko;
to be swollen through sores, wéla.

swelling, s.; s. on body, guhuash,
contr. gush; to have a permanent s.
on a part of body, gthia, d. kuk-
’hia.

swiftly, palak, pélak, Mod. pélak;
very s., palakak.

swill milk, ndttpatko édshash.

swim, v. i; no ex. eq.: gé-upka,
péwa, Mod. tehtilui; to go and s.,
pé-udsha; s. about; udimkanka,
udimtchna; s. agaist current, up
stream, tchika kéke, tchtka; s.
away, bi'shka; on the water's sur-
face, udumlaléna; towards some-
body, udumulipka; s. below the sur-
Jace, kidsha, tiyamna, tchtiyamna;
lémiina; s. over, across, udimkua,
egtuzi; gikua; s. habitually, udim-
kanka; pl., said of fish, ete., wa;

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

swimming place, péwash; swimming
bladder of fish, shufdshash, shuf-
dshash lawalsh.

swine, gtishu; resembling s., gt’sh-
uptchi.

swing, v. t.; s. as a stick, shém-
tchna; s. around, s. in the air, vu-
téka, tilankansha; s. by one’s arm,
hand, vutékanka; s. around, shu-
lémokédsha; s. the body around,
tchéyalalya, vuyamna; s. around,
above one’s head, sha-uldla; s. over
Jor somebody, nutuyakia; s., shake
the head or body while walking,
hinawala; to throw by swinging, nu-
tolala.

swing, v.i, hishtualkanka; s. to and
Jro, shulaktawéta; tilankansha, vu-
tékakua, nutédkakua; s. back and
Jorih, hinawala, hishtualkénka.

swing, s, for children, szinuitét-
kish; to rideonas., szinueta, shula-
kuawéta.

switch, s., vod, shuékiish. Cf. rod.

swoon, 8.3 to fall inas., pémptki,
tchéktamna.

sword, yuhanéash, muni
shlaildshétkish, té’kish.

sure, true, katak; it is s., katak gi;
to be s.! ya!

surely, ya; i-u, yu.

surf, lkash, shlo’kingsh; to form,
raise s., Ikan, ndakalpata.

wati,

sweep—talk. 675

Tr.

table, for eating, pdk’lgish, vul-
garly: waklkish; any kind of 4,
pak’lgish; ¢.-land, eflhuapksh, kna’t.

tadpole, guluya.

tail, kpél; 4 of bird, katpash; to
wag the t., shuadshamtch’ma; kpé’l
shewékaga; ¢.-fin, kpé’l.

tainted, said of food, kui piluitko,
piluitko; ndupatko.

take, v. t., generic: shnuka, shni-
kua,; ¢. aim, layipka, shuawidshna;
t. along with, persons, Vyamna, pl.
f-amna; spti’nshna, sptintpa, gin-
kanka, atpa, pl. ftpa; ¢. along, carry
about, inan., ttyamna, pl. i-amna,
Atpa, Atpamna, pl. itpa, itpamna;
shléyamna; ¢. along on one’s march,
persons, sptnktcha; back to, spunt-
pampéli, spungdtka; spungatga-
péle; for another, spunshipkia;
towards, sptnshipka; ¢. away, away
Jrom, to remove from, persons,
kshéna, pl. éna; spt’nshna, sptintza,
shidshla; cf. kidnap; inan. ttta,
illéla, shidshla, Ana, anulipka;
tméshka, pl. yiméshka; shnika,
litya, shlétya; itza, pl. itza; ¢ away
in the arms, hands, kshéna, pl. éna; t.
away fromthe fire, tchéleyéga; t.back
or home, shnt’kpéli; t’meshkapéle,
pl. yimeshkapéli; itpampéli; shlém-
peli; ¢ as a companion, spt’nshna,
Jor travel, sptinkanka; ¢.down, ilina;

t. for oneself, in games, yankua; t.
hold of, shnika, shnikua; ttiyamna,
pl. f-amna; said of diseases, gfi’ta;
t. home, inan., hiwi; cf. t. back; ¢.
home, persons, spunktchapéli, spun-
shampéli; cf. t. along on one’s
march back to; ¢ in, to confine,
spw'lhi, pl. ilhi; ¢. af from, to strip,
udshipa, pl. idshipa; ludshipa,
shulshipa; ¢ or wrench off, lutya,
pl. itya; lulhi, luli; a piece from,
kuakakshka; ¢. off from oneself,
shidshka; the robe, kukéle; the hat,
shanatchvila; ¢. out, to draw out
Jrom, ishka; ika, ikiga; ikna,
fkampéle ; from the pocket, shidtka,
tchelétka; ¢. owt again, ikakpéle,
tkampéle; object taken out, ikaks;
t. physical exercise, shpdtu; t.a steam-
bath, spt’kli, Mod. limkéka; ¢. to
one’s heels, hidsha, du. tishtcha, pl.
tinsha; hidshna, hidshampka, ete.;
cf. run, v. i.; ¢ wnder one’s arms,
shaktila; ef. carry, hold, v.; ¢. up for
oneself, anim., sptnkanka; inan.,
luyéga, uyéga, pl. pe-uyéga; ¢. up
with a stick, kiuléka; with a fork,
kiutka Cf. remove, v. t.

talk, v.t., to speak, hémkanka; to con-

verse, to have a talk, waltka, hasha-
shudkia; to commence talking, hem-
kanktampka ; ¢. all at once, waltka;
t. over and over, waltakpéli; ¢. indis-

676

tinctly, ndéna, pélpela; one who talks
much, tim hemkénkish, tim walt-
kish.

talk, s., wiltoks, Mod. wiltkash; to
have at., waltka.

talker, hemkankish, waltkish.

tall, atini, abbr. ati; if strong or
bulky at the same time, muni; sot.,
edt; taller than, wintyish, winizish-
ptchi; to be taller than, wintzi, Mod.
viuizin.

tallow, p’lt; ¢ rendered, stillinash;
kidney-t., tchashlaksh.

talon, shte’ksh.

tamanuash, adj.; & or spiritual
remedy, yi-uks; t. song, magic song,

Cf. magic.

tame, adj., k4-i kom@’shni.

tan, v. t., as a hide, tkiya.

tar, stiya; smelling like, containing

shui’sh, yé-uks.

t., stialtko. Cf. pitch, resin.
target, mark to shoot arrows at,
we-uzilkish.
tarry, v.L, wala; to wait for, tcha-
waya.

tart, ka-& ma’shitko; # tastes ¢
ka-a& ma’sha.

)

taste, v.t., kpapsha; ¢. by sipping,
kpéto.

taste, v.i, ma’sha; said of food, |
beverages, pilui; it tastes sour, bit-
ter, tart, ka-A ma’sha; ¢. like, ma’- |
sha, with obj. case. |

taste, s. flavor, ma’shash; sense of |
t., t. of tongue, palate, kpapshash; |
what has a peculiar t., piluyéash. |
tatler:; ef. telltale. |

tattoo, v.t. shftchpalua.

|
H

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

tattooing, s., tattoo-mark, slitch-
paléash.

Tehakini, nom. pr. of a section
of land in the Cascade Range,
Tchakii/ni.

Tehakinkni, nom. pr. of the
Molale Indians inhabiting Tcha-
kiini, Tchakii/nkni maklaks, Tcha-
kii/nkni.

tchipash-seed, tchipash; re-
sembling tch.-seed, tchipashptchi;
grass-stalk producing it, tehipsham.

teach, v.t., hashitga.

teacher, hashitgish.

tear, v. t., generic: pakaga, pa-
dshiya; ¢ asunder, shepatya; t.
away, pakakéla; sod, ground, pu-
toya; sticks, ete., pokédya; 4 away
by biting, kuadtcha, kuekndéla; ¢.
cloth into shreds, teshashkudla; t.
by hand, spakiga, spdtcha, p’li’-
shka; piece torn off, p’hi’shkuish;
t. a hole into, padsha; t. off pieces,
particles from, by biting or other-
wise, kua’ka, kuakakshka, kowdk-
tcha; ¢, rip open, ktakaga, pake-
dla; successively, ktakAkitehna; ¢. to
pieces, petéga; with the teeth, kawa-
kaga; t, pluck out, feathers, pilza,
puThka; grasses, ete., putdga, pa-
laléa; ¢. in two, pikta; one who tears
mm two. paktish; torn cloth, téshash-
ko; to be torn, to have holes, gintatka.

tear, s. k¢lmash; to shed tears, shu-
dktcha; to commence shedding t.,
shuaktchtampka.

tease, v.t., shnumatchka; ¢ unbear-
ably, shnutchdéka.

talk—themselves.

teat, édshash.

teeth; ef. tooth.

telegraph, hashashuakio’tkish ;
electric t., wAtiti hashashuaki6’tkish.

tell, v. t., shapa; f. somebody, sha-
ptya; t. somebody about, stilta; to
return and t., stilhipéli; ¢, declare
to somebody, shatéla; £, announce,
tpéwa; t. each other, heshamkanka;
t. so, kshapa, himasht or né-asht
gi; t knowingly, shegshéwa; t. lies
about, kiya, atchiga; ¢. the truth,
katak gi, contr. kAatak; to commence
telling to, shapitimpka; to come to
an end with telling to, shapiyula.

telltale, walfyish, Mod. d’lkish;
wiknish, dim. wikniaga.

temperature; high t, lékuash;
warm t., lushlishlish; cold t., katags.

tempest, yalkam, witchtaks; to
produce t., yalyamila. Cf. storm.

temple, ¢-bone, napénapsh.

ten, té-unep; ¢. times, t¢é-unepni;
tenfold, té-unepash pakalaksh.

tender, v.t., ttya, néya, liya, pl.
shewana; ¢. food, hashpa. Cf. give,
present, v.

tender, adj., soft, tche-ini.

tendon, sinew, mbuitch, pilhap.

tendril, kekammaéménish.

tent, shi/lash.

tenth; t.part, t¢-unepashcktatzatko.

tepid, likuash; to be t, Idkua.

termagant, shitchdktnish, shu-
ké’kish.

terminate, v.t., shcékélui, shote-
ldéla, tména.

terminus, forrunning, ete., ytiash.

677

terrify, v. t. sputchta, hushpa-
tchta, htishtya; terrified at, vi-
shish; to be terrified at, ydyakia,
visha, shinamshta.

terror; to be, stand in t. of, visha;
yéyakia, shinamshta.

testicle, shld’lksh.

textile fabric, shi’l.

thank, v., shepkédsha.

that, pron. dem.; ¢ one, the one over
there, gini, gtinitok; inan. present
and visible, hii/n; before me, hinu;
invisible or far off, hinkt; refer-
ring to distant anim. or inan. ob-

Cf. tissue.

jects, hii’k, pl. hfi’ksha; hi’kt, pl.
hiv/ktsha; hi’/ksht; # one who, or
which, pron. dem.-rel., anim. and
inan., kat; ¢. little one, hi’ktaga,
hiktakaga; at ¢. place, towards t.
spot, case-suffix -ké’ni, -yé’ni; when
connected with verbs of motion,
hétak, hétakt, hdtaktok, hAtkak;
upon t. ground, soil, hi, hi, i, hita;
t. much, kank, abbr. ka, ga; like t.
thing, himtchi, shuhankptchi; that’s
so! t. is right! himasht! hitmasht
tidsh! i-i tfdsh!

thee, pron. pers. and to thee, mish,
m’sh, m’s

their, theirs, pron. poss.; expressed
bythe plural forms of: his, q. v.; in
close proximity, kélamsham, kéké-
lamsham, hinkélamsham; absent
or in the distance, m’nilam, Mod.
pndlam; ¢. own, m’nailamtak, Mod.
pnalamtak.

themselves, pron. refl.; patak,
hiv’ktak, sha; they for t., pitagidng-

.

678 ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

gin, hudshakiaénki; when connected
with verbs, cf. himself, oneself.

then, adv., at that time, gita; tank,
tankak, tankt, tanktchik, ttishgish;
ef. time; since t., after this, tchée’k,
tché’ksh; until ¢., pani.

then, conj. connecting sentences,
tehui, tehtiyuk, tehtiyunk; tehdi
pin, at pen, at, apoc. a; tu, tui;
tata; Mod. un, fin; in correlative
sentences: if.... then, hii'.....
tchit’, tehe’k, tchii’teh; ¢., after this,
nétnak, gintak; tche’k, tché’ksh,
abbr. tehii; tehti tché’k; ¢. there,
tchik. Cf. hereupon.

thence, adv., gita, gé’tksh.

there, adv., over t., over yonder,
hu, -u, 0’; tu, tut, tish; ku, kui;
when referring to persons, htt; g¢t,
eétui; connected with verbs of
motion, hatak, hatakt, hataktok,
hatkak; ef. that; high up t., just t.,
tit, but t., titak; ¢. where, ti’sht,
ti’shtak; he, that, those over t., otni,
tikni, tushni; coming from t., gi-
takni; you t, stop! gunt kaénktak!
Mod.; thereto, toward t. place, gitala;
through t., hataktana.

thereabout, adv. loc. gint.

thereat, hinkanti.

thereby, hinkanti.

therefore, conj., himasht gitga,
himashtak giug, himasht gisht,

coo)

himasht shdhunk gfug; hinkanti,
hunkantchii’. Cf. hence.
thereupon, conj., gintak, tchiti,
tchtiiyuk, tehiyunk, tehti pii’n.
Cf. afterward, hereupon, then.
’ ] ’

they, pron. pers., sha; them, to them,
shash; of them, sham; expressed
also by the plural forms of: he,
q. v., to which sha is appended: in
close proximity, ke’ksha, hiidsha;
removed from sight, hiksha, hii‘kt-
sha; hi’kshtsha; htink, hi’/nkt;
visible or distant, pat.

thick; in the sense of strong, solid,
voluminous, hipkatko; to be t.,
dense, smoke, ete., mti'lka; as t. as,
pat, pitpani Cf. corpulent, fat.

thicket of shrubs, gAtchesh, ga-
tchétko.

thief, pApalish, tet’mAshkish; sneak-
t., ginta=papalish.

thigh of aquadruped’s hind leg, awa-
lésh. Cf. leg.

thimble, kélkolsh.

thin, laklakh.

thine, pron.; same as thy, q. v.

thing, object, tua; which t., tud (also
interr.); something, tua; many things,
ttimi tua; all things, everything, na-
nuktua.

think, v. t, htshkanka, hishka,
shéwa; héwa, Mod. képa, koypak-
ta; # of, over, hisha; shvuytsha,
Mod. shvuyushdga; #. so, kshapa.

third; one ¢. part, nddna shéktat-
yatko; in a t. place, location, nda-
nash.

thirsty, to be, A4mbutka; pa’h-
tchna.

thirteen, te-unepdnta ndan, add-
ing pé-ula, likla, ete.

thirty, ndani té-wnap.

this, pron. dem.; 4 here, referring

et

then —throw. 679

to anim. and inan. obj., present and
visible, htnk; to persons, long obj.
in proximity, hf’t, pl. ha’dsha; to
anim. and inan obj. within sight,
more Mod. than K1., hu, hi’, 6, u;
t. here, anim. and inan., in close
proximity, Lat. hicce, ké; anim.,
kék; inan., Lat. hoc, hocce, gén,
génu; ¢. country before you, gén
kiifla; just t. thing, gétak; like
t. or these, gémptchi, shuhankptchi;
at t. spot, place here, gita, git;
gén, gend; connected with verbs
of motion, hatak, hataktok; ¢. way
out, gétala, abbr. eét; int. direction,
géntala; ¢. day, gén waitash, pii’-
dshit; on ¢. ground, soil, hi, hi, i, hita,
hi't; int. manner, ga-asht, himasht,
gén géntch. Cf. he, here, place,
that.

thistle, K’mukamtcham ki’‘k.

Thompson’s Marsh, nom. pr.
loc., Safkiin.

thorn, wati.

thoroughfare, stu; ginszAntko;
t. in town or city, ginszish; to make
at., stiya.

thou, pron. pers., i, i, 1-1, ik; thee, to
thee, mish, m’sh, m’s; ¢. alone, i’ pila;
i’ tala; justt., butt, ftak, ftoks; thy-
self, {toks; ¢. for thyself, itakidnki.

though, gintak; ta’dsh; tak, taks,
tok, -toksh.

thought, s., hishkanksh; in Mod.
also kézpash.

thoughtful, steinshaltko.

thousand, té-unepni té-unepni té-
uuep; tousand.

thread, kniks, skenshnitkish; tiny,
little t., knukéga.

threaten, y.t., htishipéle, shnu-
léka; ¢. with a blow, hushasha,
hi’shtya.

three, ndani, abbr. ndan; threefold,
shantchaktantko; ¢. times, ndani;
at t. places, ndanash; during, for,
after t. days, nddni waftash, ndani;
the t. stars in Orion’s belt, ndandaks-

_ ni. Cf. triplets.

thresh, v. t, ndéga.

throat, natkash; syutkani‘tkish,
shniwatchnétkish. Cf. cut, v.

throttle, v.t.; # oneself, shayéts-
yaka.

through, prep.; sometimes ren-
dered by case-postpositions and
verbal suffixes; to look t. a tube,
talsya; t. there, t. that locality, hatak-
tana; to fall t. the ice, wéshtat tinua ;
to run t., as a rope, sti’nka.

throw, v.t.; 4 against something,
shalgia, shalgidsha; ¢. at, shutuya-
kiéa; ¢. at each other, shi-ti'ta,
shii-fitapka, shuntéwa-udsha;_ re-
peatedly, shitualsha; ¢. away, pte-
dsha; to reject, kédsha, kédshna, vu-
téddsha; ¢. away, long obj., vutd-
dsha, vutédshna; bulky obj, shni-
kiwa, nutdéddshna, nutolaldla; +.
away and leave behind, \élktcha,
nélkteha; kshélktcha, pl. élktcha;
nutdlaktcha; ¢. back, puekémpéle,
puedshampéli, vutu-ipéle; one’s leg,
legs, pe’tch shulatchtila; ¢. below,
underneath, puetila; t. down, puclya,
vutdlya; down into, wétli, puélhi;

680 ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

down upon, as earth, kéla-una, ké-
lua; # somebody down, said of a
horse, shne-uldla; ¢. downhill, down
stairs, ktinku¢la; attended with in-
juries, vu@hitakucla; ¢., fo dart a
spear, ete., shikna;-¢. open a door,
ktiugitila, ktinyéga; ¢. out, as of a
house, ktfuga, shika; jfor some-

body, ktiugtfa; ¢. by swinging, nuto- |
tie, v.t., & up, wépla; t around,

lala; ¢ up in the air, vutuadlya; ¢.

up after swallowing, tchvinua; |
hushatchipgapéli; ¢. up a hill, moun-

tain, yainala; a@ mound, spuktch-
dmpka; ¢ upon, pualala; liquids,

kitita; kitutana; ¢. upon the ground, |

puclhi, vutdlya; ¢. into water, kitita.
Cf. cast, hurl, v.

thumb, tydpo.

thunder, lémé-ish; ¢ of falling
waters, tiwish; thunderbolt, lémé-
ish, liepalsh.

thunder, v. i; %@ %s thundering,
léména.

Thursday, vtinepni tinshna stin-
dé-gfulank wafta, vinepni tinsh-
na, vinepni watta gitlan.

thus, conj., htimasht; nd-asht, Mod.
né-asht; gd-asht; hinta; tehf, tsi;
tchi’k; and t., tchiyunk; when con-
nected with verbs of speaking,
ke, tchi, nd-asht introduce the
spoken words: ¢. I said, tchi ni gi;
t., that much, so, ka, ga; t., just so,
himtsantka, himashtak; ¢., so look-
ing, gémptechi, himtchi; to act t., to
say t., humasht gi.

thy, thine, pron. poss., mi; t. mother,

mi peishap; f own, just thine, |

mitak, mitok; thine alone, mi
tala.

thyroid cartilage, laggala-

gdsh, wakdlwakalsh; syutkani’t-
kish lakish.

tick, shkdks.
ticket, pipa; pass-t, lakiam pipa.
tickle, v. t, Mod. shtchiyakéka ;

to be, feel tickled, tchiztchiza.

wapil’ma; ¢. around one’s neck, sha-
ukdiga, ef. shepukaga; ¢ a knot,
uko'tléka, shlukélya; #¢. to, £. to-
gether, shlitchta, shlitehlka, skita-
wia; szuta, shi’/lya; by strapping,
hushttanka; ¢ by means of wisps,
tinkopka; to be tied to temporarily,
totita, pl. Vulita; «4 transversely,
kshét’leka, pl. etlé’yi; t. uw m a
bundle, shutila, shultila, sztta;
sheet-like obj., hishlutchtanka.

tight, kuata; t-fitting, kitchkitehl;

to be t., kudta; not t., shletanatko.

tightly, kitchkitch; kuata.
tile, shnutétko tipesh; kté-1.
till, prep. and conj.; ef. until.
timber, standing, felled, sawed, or

cut, anku; sawed, cut t., papkash;
t.-dam, paplish; into the t., woods,
bushes, cf. recess; to go into the t.,
hukaya, pl. gakaya.

time; no ex. eq.: now is the t., atu

hatakt gi; the ¢. ws up, at Atpa; I
have t., ké-i nti Wlika; I have no t.,
klikA nai nen; t.-piece, t.-indicator,
watch, shipash; t¢ between sunset
and dark, i-unégsh; ¢. about sun-
down, tinoldlesh; t. for rest, sleeping,

thumb—to-day.

spunii’ksh; itis sleeping t., spunéga;_

il is t. to go to bed, dtu lulalkshe’mi
ei; t. of dawn, pii’ktei, ni'lka; ¢. of |
decease, \éluidshish; t. of starting,

gtikaksh; at the t., season, epoch of,
case-suffix -6’mi, -ii’mi, -fim; at any
t., tata; at the t. being, at the present t.,
this t., at, apoe. a; atui ta, Atiu, Mod.
Atui; pii’dshit, tishgish; tchd-u,
abbr. teha; htik, hak; at a certain t.,
atat., tina, titna, titnd; at that t., at, |
apoe. a; gi’ta, tank, tankak, tankt,
tanktchik; temp. and local at the |
same time: hii, -u, -6’; tiishgish; for |
the distant past or future, tu hi, tui;
at the t. when, tata, tatatak; shu-
hank-shitko; at the same t., simulta-
neously, tanktak tchik, ef. simulta-
neously; at another t., tinatoks, titna;
but at other times, titatnatoks; at a fu-
ture t., tankt gatpanuapkshé’ mi; tuf; |
at no t., ka-itata, kayutch, Mod. ka- |
yu; atthe right t., int., tché-ctak; at
which t.? tata? tishgish? after at,
some t. after, undshe’k tehé’k; after |
that t., tchii’, tché; tché’k, tchii’tch;
a few times, titatna; for a short t.,
ménik; pdlakak; pdlak, Mod. pé-
lak, tankak, hitya; for a short t. only,
tankakak; for a long t., ma’‘ntch,
ta’‘nk; for some t., past and future,
ma’ntch, former
times, ma’ntch-gitko, tank, gahak;
not at the t. being, not yet, not now,
kayutch, ka-itata:
many times, often, timéni; tankni;
so many times, tankni; a single t.,
one t., once, tina; at one t., tind-ak; |

ma/ntchak; i

Mod. kayu;

681

a short t. ago, tankak, nia, ‘ma;
sometimes, titatna, titna; sometime
after, ma’ntch-gitko. The adj. con-
nected with ¢ are as follows: times
connected
pressed by the adj. ending -ni:
four times, vimepni; brief in t.,
tankni; long in t., ma’ntchni, ta’nk-
ni; living at the t., belonging to this,
that, t., tankni; he, she, it, from that
t., this, the one existing since then till
Cf long, adv.

with numerals is ex-

now, tanktchikni.

tin, palpali tchikémen.

tinned sheet-iron, pokoti.

tiny, ndshékani; laklakl.

tip, v.t.3 4 an arrow, sha-ila; for
somebody, sha-ulia.

tippler, kétcha bubaénuish.

tipsy, lékatko; to be t., lama, I¢ka.

tiptoe; to stand on t., \di’gtatka

tired; to be and to become t., kédshi-
ka; to be t., sha’tki. P

tissue, s.; woven t.. sheshalyaka-
natko, shi’l; sort of t, made of
swamp-grasses, tulalui. Cf. pow-
erful.

fit tee, Vo 1, taalya,

toad, kée, dim. kuaga; horned t.,
naishlashlakgish-gitko ; ¢.-shaped,
kéeptchi.

tobacco; Indian and common t.,
katchkal; t-pipe, paksh; stem of t-
pipe, pakshtat tulish, pa-titkish; to
smoke t., paka; to masticate t., kateh-
kal pan, kékanka, ktchan, kpu-
yumna.

to-day, gén waitash, pii’dshit wat-
ta, pii’dshit.

682

toe; all the toes taken together, and
t.-joint, lyawdwash; the largest t,
tzopo; t-nail, shté’ksh.

together, ¢. with, tila, tchi’sh; ¢.
in or into one spot, nadsha’shak, wi-
gAtak; connected with verbs, t. is
expressed synthetically by verbal
affixes: united or flocking t., tchip-
katko; to come, be, or go t, shu-
ka‘Tki.

Tékwa, Tuikua, nom. pr. loc.,
Ttikua.

to-morrow, mbushant; to-m. early,
mbtshanak.

tone, sti’tzish. Cf. clang, sound.

tones, blacksmith’s, shnakptigétkish;
to seize with t., shnakptiga, tapata.

tongue, pawatch; to bite oneself in
the t:, shokétana; to cluck with the t.,
shakdpshtaka; to lick with the t.,
pélka, pélyatana; to move the t. be-

tween the compressed lips, Mod. |

klépa; to put the t. out, pélka pa-
watch; to move the t. in and out for

mockery, shepdlua; to draw the t.

at somebody, vutikapka.

too, adv.; when connecting coordi-
nate nouns, also, tchi’sh; temporal,
tchkash; 4 much, tim, tim tcha-
tchui; sometimes to be rendered
by ka-a. Cf. ké-a (2), and Note
tO! LOD ee

tool; when forming compounds, it
is expressed by nominal suffix -ét-

kish, -ttkish, contr. -6’tch, -t'tch; |

t. of any deseription, shute-dtkish;

part of at., shute-étkish; long, pierc- |
ing t., sikta; t. made of horn, thke; tornado, kakiaksh.

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

t. for digging, utoy étkish; t. for root-
digging, meyotkish, Amda; t. made
of obsidian, mbti‘shaksh; one who
is possessed of such, mbushak-
shaltko ; ¢ for removing, illolétkish;
t. for scraping, ilzotkish; when made
of stone, i’hka; ¢. for treating the
sick, tchuténétkish, miiluash.

tooth, tut; front-t, fore-t, tatyélamni
tut, Mod. tzdlamni tit; shokétantko
tit; molar t., kako; t-ache, tit-
ma’shash; suffering of t-ache, ki-
madsham patko; one who lost his
Sront teeth, or has a gap in them,
nga-ishkatko; person who lost the
lower range of teeth, hantilatko; to
grate the teeth, shekukédsha; to rip
up with the teeth, kawakéga.

top, apex, wihla, wilhashlash; p’lé-

ini; ¢, swmmit of tree, mountain,
cone, hapa; on the t. of, p’léntant;
who, what is on the t. of, p’la-ini,
plaitani; to be on the t., lawadla; to
lay on the t. of, \idsza, likla; to put
on, fasten at the t of, iwdla; to stay,
rest on the t. of, wilhashlashna; ¢. as
a plaything, heshtalzéash, shetalyé-
ash.

topmost, adj., p’'lé-ini, p’laitani.

topple, v.i; & over, ndéwa, ndé-

Cf. fall.

torch, of pitch, resin, kt’pkash;
shukélatchnétkish; to fish with at.,
shli’tchua; ¢o use torches, travel with

wanka.

“t., shukélatchitchna.
torment, v.t, shnumatchka; ¢. to
death, shnutehdka.

toe—travel. 683

totter, v. i. nainaya, witwita; we-
kishtchna; ¢. about, tutiéna.

touch, v.t., gendla; to be in con-
tact, taliga; t, to be close to, shi-
nikta, kiptcha; one who touches,
shindktish; ¢t. by hand, tashta; t¢.,
reach up to, long subj., kapadta; ¢.
each other, shatashi; ¢. each other
with the hand, hands, shashtashta;
t. each other while walking, tidsha;
t. with the feet, ktchi'tchta, pétchtna,
ptitchta; to pass around while touch-
ing, shatashkakiamna.

tow, v.t., as a boat, hishpl4mna.

towards, prep.; expressed by the
case-postpositions -ké’ni, -tala; di-
rectly towards us, tilaak na‘Ish.

towel; cf. wash-towel.

town, té-uni, tchi’sh.

toy-ball, shi’p’luash, dim. shup-
liga; Iéwash. Cf. ball, play.

tracing, design, hushtétish.

track, footprint, kueish; to leave
tracks, koéna.

trade, v. t., shéshatui; ¢ of, she- |

shatuika; person who wants to t,

sheshatua-ish; to be about to t., |

shéshatuishla; to return from trad-
ing, sheshatuitka.

trader, shéshatuish.

trail, v.t.; ¢ along on the soil, ki-
walapata; when said of a dress,
gown, whlutuina. Cf. drag, v.

trail, s., stu, dim. studga; crab’s t.,
ski’-iksh; to make a t. and to plac2
on the t., sttiya; to arrive, approach
by the t., shakatla.

train, v. t., hashiiga; ¢. oneself|

along the ground, ktchidsha. Cf.
trail, v.

trainer, hashitigish.

traitor; to be at, tchinta.

tramp, tchtssak tataémnuish; if
thieving, tet’madshish.

trample, v. t. with the feet,
ktchi’tehta; ¢ wpon, crush with the
Jeet, hiétala.

transfer to, anim. obj., spt’ni,
pl. shewana; ¢ property, woyowa.
Cf. bestow, give.

transfix, v.t., skéka. Cf. perfo-
rate, pierce, v.

translator, ldltatkish.

transmit, v. t., to hand over, shi-
la, shulia, shulfpka.

transparent, said of water, ya-
lialtko, yaliali; to become t., yaliala.

transport, v. t, éna, pl. fdsha,
fdshna; long, heavy, bulky obj.,
éna; ef. fdsha; ¢. for somebody or
in his interest, enta; t, to carry back,
home, émpéli, pl. idshampéli; ¢. home

to one’s camp, hi’wi, hiwidsha; ¢. a
Front of, close to, near, ktt'tpna; t.
to different places, shiashlkanka; t.
upwards, uphill, kshawaliéga. Cf.
carry.
trap, s.3 noose, lasso, shlikalaksh; ¢.
used by hunters, shnantitchlzoteh,
shnuntatchelo’/ks; jish-t., jfishing-
dam, kia’m-luélkish; nakosh.
trap, v.t., shnantatchlza.
\trapper, shnantatchlyish.
‘travel, v. i; generic: taméni,
géna; inan. subj., pitkala, léna; ¢.

along with somebody, spinkanka ;

684

t. around, about, gataml’ya, gintala;
t. back, home, gepgapéle, taméndt-
ka; ef. return; with somebody,
spuntpampéli; é. behind somebody’s |
back, shidlamnti; ¢. in a circle, ga-

kdla; ¢. in company, sha-ulanka,

sha-ulankanka; shawalinii‘a; ¢. far

off, geknéla; t. ina file, hishkanteh-

na; single file, kintchna, kinuina;

t. back ina file, kintchampéli; t. fast,

hiidshna (and hidsha), du. ttish-

tchna, pl. tinshna; nki’) ksidtaki,

ksititiki; ¢ on horseback, hudsétcha;

t. with a light, spark of fire, shuké-

latchitebna, skli‘tchkanka; ¢ with |
large-sized objects, shayantildsha; t.,

come by the trail, road, shakatla; 1. |
uphill, ga-Wlya, kinualza; ¢. towards |
the water, lake, ete., tikua; ¢. without |
stoppage, nana; to return from tra- |
veling, taménétka, téluitka; to start
Jor traveling, guhuashktcha, gtika-
ka; one who is traveling, tatémnuish.
Cf. go, march, proceed, set out.

traveler, tatamnuish.

tray, s.; circular, matted t., pavhla;
larger t., tia; small t., kma’, pWvh- |
lak; to give on a t, shti, pl. she-
wana.

tread, v.i.; to pace, kishlya, shi-
kashla; ¢ on one’s own foot, shu- |
hatchya; ¢. wpon, kishtehna, pétcht-

na; ¢. upon again, gelapkapéli; ¢.
upon while
Cf. step, v.
tread, s., génuish, q. v.

marching, \kishtehka.

treat, v.t.; to deal with somebody,
né-ulakta; ¢ badly, né ulakta; ¢. |

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

with contempt, as laws, ete., yeké-
wa; t. for peace, ete., to negotiate,
shutinka; ¢ im sickness, ya-uka;
tchiita, tehviténa; for a certain time,
tchutanhitya; to go and t., tchutan-
sha; one who treats a patient, tchita-
nish.

treaty and peace-t., shutankish; fo
conclude at., shitanka; instrument
to effect a t., shutankétkish.

tree, s, anku; késh, cf. Texts, p.
145, 21, and Note.
cially fruit-trees, and bushes, plants
and stalks producing eatable fruits

Trees, espe-

and berries, are usually named after
their fruit, the possessive ending
-lam, -am being appended to the
name of the fruit, anku or tehélash
to be supplied. Cf. i’pulsham,
apple-t., from ii’pulsh; kpdékam,
gooseberry-bush, from kpdék; Tilui-
sham, wild gooseberry-bush, from
ltiluish. Young t., kitehkani Anku,
dankuaga; dead t., erect, rotten or
withered, wapalash, mbakualsh; ¢.
partly peeled off, stopalhuish; stemp
and trunk of t., titash; fallen t, t.
cut down, felled t., himpoks; a spe-
cies of ¢., hlf{vash; another, walash.
tremble, v.i., 4, be shaken up, sha-
walta, shawaltana; 4, shiver, mui-
muya ;
t. from terror, liuliwa; to make t.,
to shake, shidkshiaga

t., totter, naindya, witwita;

triangular, tehaktchakli.
tributary of a river, sheno'tkatko.

trick; to amuse by tricks, shnandsh-
maa; sheshzé’la, ké-ika; to induce

traveler—turn.

by tricks, shnapémpema, Mod
shnepémpema.

trifle, s; at. but little of, adj. and
ady., kinka, kinkak; kitcha.

trim, v. +t, vulina.

trip, s.; tobe on at, tamént.

triple and ¢ripartite, shantchaktant-

ko. Cf. three.
triplets, ndanii’yalsh;
have t., ndanii’yala.
troops, tami sht’ldshash, shi’l-
dshash.
trot, v. i, shliihuya, shtchi’kédsh-
na; trotting horse, shtchi’kédshnish.

to bear,

trousers; cf. pantaloons.

trout, méhiash; in the t.-catching

season, mehiashé’ mi; abbr. méssiim ;
mountain-t., nksh.

truck, tehiktchik, wii’gén.

truly; really, tilaak ; truthfully, kA-
tak.

trumpeter, shtoshtétish, shlush-
Idluish.

TE kes Sh;
wilash; #. of travelers, hudéksin.

trust, v. t.; to believe in, dla.

truth, katak; fo tell thet., katak gi,
contr. katak

ine AY

peated efforts, tchuktyakanka; #. im
court, né-ulza; t. to obtain, kahiéwa.

tub, s. poko, dim. pokuaga; wash- |

t., tetchétkish; large t., vat, tchil-
k6étkish.

tube, tubiform passage, sti; to look

through a t., talsya; to form a t.,

ginka. Cf. tubiform.

t. of tree, tiitash, cf. |

v. t. kéko, tchtiktyaga; ha- |
méni; ¢ hard, Iitchtakia; # by re-|

685

tuber, Ibtka; species of, Iéhiash;

wild, edible t., maklaksam pash.

itubiform, ginkatko, Mod. ginsha-
szantko; to be t., ginka. Cf. tube.

tuck up, v.t., tehlitofzi.

Tuesday, lipéni tinshna stnde-
efulank wafta; or, la4péni tinshna,
lApéni watta.

tule; ef. bulrush, reed.

tumble down, v.i, inan. subj.,
hinui. Cf. fall, v.

tumbler, lam-puni’tkishti, wika-
mua.

tune, melody, shui'sh; to whistle a t.,

| shluyakiga.

tunnel, ibékantko, stu.

tunnel, v.t., & through, stitya.

‘turbid, kuytmatko; ¢ water, ku-

yumash.

turkey-buzzard, Cathartes aura,
skdlos.

/turn, v.t.; 4 or swingthe limbs, tilan-
shnéa; t. the back to, t. away from,
tchintawa; ¢. the eyes around, to-
ward, télshampka; ¢. the face up-
wards, talualya; t. the head, nish
tilanshnéa; for a bite, shuishtchak-
tchka; ¢. inside out, t. wp, as eye-
lids, tchlitoizi; 4 over, népéli; to
twist, spatchiga; f¢. over, upside
down, stipaléza; ¢. over to some-
body, shénuidsha; ¢. oneself about,
around, waggidsha; t. the right side
up, takanilya; ¢. somersaults, tehi-
kualyuléa.

turn, v.i, fo revolve, waggidsha; ¢.
about, around m the air, naggidsha,
ktiwalkidsha ; ¢. around on one’s feet,

686

kedshamkedshalkéa; ¢. around, as
roads, shtchukalkidsha, eake’mi, ef.
bend, v.; as the hands of a clock,
talkidsha, ageédsha; in a circular
motion, ageédsha, cf. aggi’ma; ¢.
back, to revert, huggidsha; t. or be
turned into, klcéka; to become, gi; t.
into ice, icicles, wayalpa; t. into a
lake, ii-ushéltkala; to cause to t.,
ki-ugetdsha, ktiwalkidsha; to cause
to t. around, shulémokédsha.

turn, s.; to make, form at. as roads,
rivers, etc., shtchukalkidsha, ga-
ké’mi.

turn-head, or vollhead, name of
an owl, Speotyto hypugaia, nii'sh-
tilansnéash.

turnip, tanapsh; large t-shaped
Jruit, mi-lbika.

turpentine, walakish.

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

turtle; land- and water-t., nek.

tusk, atini tit.

twelve, te-unepanta lap, adding
pé-ula, liklatko, ete.

twice, ldpéni; lapantka.

twig of tree, shrub, ete., we'k, dim.
wékaga; of coniferous trees, pti'sh-
yam.

twins, lapii’yalsh, shlApaliaksh; to
give birth to t., lapeala.

twist, v. t, pshika, wapil’ma; +,
wring out, atchiga; ¢., as one’s lips,
ears, spatchiga.

twitter, v.i. hai ma.

two, lapi, abbr. lap; ¢ to each, la-
lapi; att places, in t. spots, lapash;
in or for t. days, lapéni waita, la-
péni; to pass ¢ days, lapéni waita.

Tygh Indian, nom. pr., Téaytkni
maklaks, Téaytkni.

Loe.

udder, édshash.

ugly, kuidshi; tchektchékli; am-
tehiksh, abbr. -amtch.

ultimate, tapini.

umbrella, shikiiyish; carrying an
u., Shikuizitko.

Umpqua Indian, nom. pr, Amp-
kokni maklaks, Ampkokni.

unable, to be, késhga, tchana;
I cannot, késhga nti, tchéna ni, or
tchdnish ni (gi); also expressed
by particles, cf. able, to be.

unattractive, dmtchiksh, abbr.

Cf. ugly.

-amtch.

unavailable, kittidshi.

unawares, huna’shak.

unbecoming, kutidshi.

unboiled, shankish, shankitko; to
be u., shanki.

unbroken, Jevel, taktakli.

unceasing |y, tchushak, techtshni,
tchushniak.

uncertain; fo be wu. about, lé....
wak, lii’wak. Cf quandary.

uncle; father’s brother, p’shé-ip; fa-
ther’s elder brother, said by niece,
plukttchip; mother’s u, kikui;
mother’s brother, p'lukitchip.

turn — wn te: 687

unclean, kaknégatko, kuytimatko, |

tupéshti; said of persons, sha’t,
sha'tptchi, kaknégatko, pdkshti.
Cf. besmear, soil, v.
unclouded; w., clear sky, kalo; u.,
said of water, yalialtko, yaliali.

uncock, v.t.; ua gun, rifle, shli-’

ultla.

uncoil, v. t., shkapshtchaldla, sho-
telédla; u., as a rope, string, etc.,
spika; when fastened at one end,
spidshiidshna.

uncombed, sha't, sha’‘tptchi.

unconscious; to become u., pémp-
tki, tchéktamna.

uncooked, shankish, shankitko;
to be u., saka-a; shanki; to eat u.,
saké-a, shankish pan.

uncover, v. t., kaishnila, Mod.
shla-ukidéla; wu. the top of a winter-
lodge or a lid, kaishnila; u. from
the earth, from straw, ete., kiibat-
x6le. Cf. cover, lid.

undecided; to be u, lé.... wak,
la’wak; cf. quandary.

under, prep., hintila, i-utila, inotila,
tchutila; w. is usually expressed by
verbal suffixes: fo be, lie u., gintila;
kshutfla, pl. utila; fo put wu, as u.
water, utila; to fall u., hintila, i-utila;
to be, stand, sit, lie u, underneath,
lutila; located u., underneath, below,
yantani, yanani. Cf. below, un-
derneath.

underbrush, gatchesh.

underground, adv,, kiila i-utila,
or yutilan; lémiina; ‘in the ground,”
kiflatat and kiflanti; horizontal u.

passage, ibékantko; coming from u.,
lémunikni, munatalkni; referring
to what is u., yainani; to be u., lém-
una; to creep u., skilhi, kilfbli; to
put, stow, store u., hiwidsha, vumi,
pnana; to work u., kiila shita.
undermine, v.t., hantila; said of
rodents, yéwa.
underneath, i-utila or yutilan;
tchutila, inotila, hintila; located w.,
yantani, yanani; fo be, lie u., long
and anim. sabj., kshutila, pl. utila;
to sit, be, stay, lie u., below, teliu-
tila, du. wawatila, pl. liutila; win-
tila; to fall u., hintila; to stand, re-
main u., below, tgutila, pl. lutila.
Cf. below, under.
understand, v.t., ndshélza, sam-
tchatka; tiména; w. each other, he-
shégsha; not to u., ndshdka.
undertake, v. t, kéko; u for
a while, keko-tiya. Cf. attempt, try.
underwear, mt’ntana.
undoubtedly, wak la gitiga, wak
a gfuga. Cf. certainly, of course.
undress, v. t.; 0 strip somebody,
udshipa, pl. idshipa; wu. oneself, ka-
pola; females, kukdéle; undressed,
naked, péniak shuldtish, péniak.
undulating, lk&kimitko.
unfetter, v. t., shoteldla.
unfrequent, kinkani, abbr. kin-
ka; to be w, kii’gi, kinkéni gi
unhitch, v. t., shlitchkapéle.
unique, nadshiak.
unite, v. t. shit/lka, shit’lkipéli;
shitlagia, Mod. shitlagien; wu. a
couple in wedlock, shnumpshéala.

688

unite, v.i.; uw. into one body, heap,
crowd, liwa, liwala; u. with others, |
shalatechgudla; uw. to somebody,
edldshui; fo associate, shitchla; to
be no longer united, shékélui. Cf.
gather, v. i

universal, nanukdshni, tutasyé-
nini.

universe, nanukashni kiifla.

unless, Ampka.

unload, v. t., as a horse, illdla,
itntila.

unlock, v. t., hushakidla.

unmarried; u. man, kéliak sna-
wedsh; when young, tchiluish; |
when old, tchilluyamtch; wu. fe-
male, shiwaga; old maid, shitwamtch.

unproductive; wu. soil, kaitua |
wawawish (or wawa-ish) kiifla.

unreasonably, huna’shak.

unripe, kawiash, shankitko; to be
u., shanki.

unroll, y. t., shkapshtchaldla, sho- |
telédla. Cf. uneoil, v.

unsaddle, v.t., kaklash illéla, il-
Idla.

unseemly, as to exterior, ku- |
idshi; dAmtchiksh, abbr. -amtch;
tchektchékli.

unsightly, ef.unseemly; wu. through

age, Amtchiksh, -amtch.
unstring, v.t.; wu. the bow, shliu- |
Itila.
untamed, fwash, komt’shni; w.,

demoniac, shkaini.

untie, v.t., shlitchkapéle; w. a knot,
shlukalydéla.
until, prep., as long as, pani; up to, |

ENGLISH - KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

tché’k, postp.; conj., u., lll, tele k,
placed after a verbal.

untruth, le, ki’sh.

unwilling; to be cross, u., tché'k-
tcheka.

unworn, adj. ka-i tégatko, Mod.
ka-i kagatko.

up, adv. and prep.; wu. there, hu, u,
-u; tu, tit, tlish; frequently ex-
pressed by verbal or nominal
affixes, simple and compound; wu.
to, reaching u. to, pani; who or what
is u., above, p'laikni, p’laitaldntui,
plaitani, p’léntankni, — p’laitalkni,
tu’shni. Cf. above, high up, up-
ward.

uphill, p’laf, p’laina, p'laitala; the
one, those u., p'léntankni; when con-
nected with verbs, it is expressed
by verbal affixes: to go, drive u.,
ga-tlya, tpt’lya; to run u., huwa-
liéga, pl. gawaliéga.

upper, p'laini, p’laitankni; native
of the u. country, p'laikni; wu. end
af cone, hapa; u. teeth, of beaver,
woodchuck, ete., lakiag ti’t; on the
u. side of, p'léntant.

upright, honest, talani, tidshi stei-

nash.

uprightly, tdlaak, tidsh.

upward, pilai, p’laina, p’laitala.
Cf. uphill.

urinate, v.i. shufdsha.

urine, shufdshash; 2.-bladder, kan,
shuidshash-lawalsh, shuidshash.

, to us, nalash, na‘Ish, natch; of

Cf. our.

use, v.t.3 noex. eq.: u. unavailingly,

us

us, na‘lam.

unite—vertebral column.

kewélya; used to, gélyatko; to be
used to, nétu; u. up by wear and tear,
as clothing, ete., kaga, wéna, Mod.

téga; used up, dmtchiksh, suffixed, —
-amtch; not used up, whole, ka-i |

kagatko; to be used up, lelii’ma.

689

useful, tidshi; said of persons,
dogs, ete., tidshi, shayuaksh.

useless; to render u., kti shita,
shnéwi ; by partial destruction, shne-
uyala.

uterus, shuéntcham skttash, Mod.

WE

vacant, kéliak tud; tobe v., gimpka, |
ginuala; this place is v., empty, gita |
efmpka, ka-i a kaitua, ki’gi gin- |
hiendlatko; v. space between, gin- |
kaksh.

vacate, v.t., gétkala; v., to aban-
don, kédsha; to go out of, géka,
eékna, guikaka.

vain; inv., adv., huna’shak, nii’nsak

valley; no ex. eq.: v. side, lali’sh,
ginshkatko; steep v., ravine, piksh;
grassy bottom of v., saiga. Cf de-
clivity.

valorous, litehlitchli, killitko

value, s., price, shéshatuish; to put
av. on, shésha, élya.

value, v t., élya, shésha; to price,

shéshash élya, élya; v.
highly, stinta; valued at, shéshatko.

yanish,-v.i, as clouds, fog, hu-
dshaltka, kii’gi; v. again, tchika-
péle.

vanquish, v. t., sktipma, udtiyua,
udtiipka; winizi, Mod. viizin, vui-

shésha,

nagian.
vapor; to produce v., tiaka.

Cf.

steam.
44

various, wiktchish; v. objects, na-
nuktua.

varnish, v. t., talaka.

vase; cooking v., poko; small v.,
kipa, kapdga, pokudga; rounded
v., cup, tutish; narrow and low v.,
wikamua; fo carry in a v., sho’-
dshna, sténa; to give in av., shti,
pl. shewana. Cf. cup.

vat, tehilkétkish.

veer, v.1.; v. around, ktiwalkidsha,
talkidsha; to make v. around, kti-
walkidsha, shulémokédsha.

vegetables, hashuash; v.-garden,
hashuash, Mod. hashuakish; to raise
v, hashua-a.

vehicle; wheeled, tehiktchik, wii’-
gén; to move, travel on a wheeled
v., léna; to start on such, luhdsh-
ktcha; v. on water, vi'nsh.

vengeance; to take v., shawalza.

venison, Itlhankshti tehulé’ks.

Venus, planet, pshin-kékenish

veracity; with v., katak.

verdigris, luén.

vermilion, taktakli.

vertebral eolumn, élhuish.

690

very, adv., tim; ka-a, abbr. ka: |
v. high or tall, ka-a ati; -ak,-hak: v. |
small, ketchkaniak; v. in the sense
of intensely, mii; v. cold, mii ska;
v. rapid, mii killitko.

vessel; vase, pdko, dim. pokudga;
cooking v., poko. Cf. boat, vase.

vicinal, ginatani, tipéluish.

Vicinity; i the v., adv., wika; i |

the v. of, prep., i-ukakiamna, tina,
wigatan. Cf. around, near.
vicious, létalani, techektchékli; ki-
idshi, kdidshi stefnash.
victuals, pash.
vie, v.13 v. with others in shooting,
hishlan.
vigorous, litehlitchli, killitko; to
become v. by exercise, shpotu.

village, tehi’sh; of whites, ta-uni;
former v., v. abandoned, tehiwish.
vine, creeper, kénni.

violent, killitko; said of persons, |

kilosh; to be in v. agitation, said of
water, ndakalpata.

violet, adj.; v.- or purple-colored;
miitehma’tehli.

violin; ef. fiddle.

virago, shiwamtch.

virgin, shiwdga.

vi

_

‘ginity; v.-dance, shiyugalsh ;
to dance the v.-dance, shuytyzala; v.
song, pilpil shui’sh.

visit, v.t., persons, ete., shetiltcha;

shlédsha; v. one’s neighbors around,
kishtélantcha; v. the old home, ska-

|vociferate, v.

tchampéle; a woman visiting the old |

ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

home, skatchish; to return from visit-
img, shetalitka, téluitka; to have
visited a place, to have been there,
taménotka.

Visit, s.; lo go on a v., shétaltcha,
shlédsha; to return from a v., she-
talatka, téluitka.

vituperate, v. t. koktkinshka,
shakakta, shkandga.

1, ha’ma, ya-a;

tchiluyéza; v., said of larger birds

and wild quadrupeds, wéa; v. in
public, amniamna; while going about,
amnadsha.

voice, human and animal, sti'tzish;

toemit v., stt'tzéna, hima; having a
v., stlityantko; to alter the v., to mute,
waikéna, kua’nkuana; to be possess-
ed of a deep or basso v., tza’ ntzana;
of a high v., tehe’ktcheka; to speak
with suppressed v., laklakpka, 1lék-
lekpka; to a distance, leklekteham-
pka. Cf. waiwash.
voluminous, mini; kinkutko; wv,
solid, heavy, condensed, liipkatko;
to be v., heavy, hipka.
vomit, v.i., tchtinua; what causes
vomiting, tchinukish. Cf. throw up.
voracious, vunékish.

vote, né-ulaksh; to take a v., né-
ulya.

vulgar, kitidshi. Cf. character,
mean.

vulture, black species, large,

tchuaish. Cf. turkey-buzzard.

very —wane.

691

Ww.

wade, v.i; w. m or through, gé-
upka; w. through, as through a ford,
pankua; wading ford, pankoksh.

waft, v.i; w. through, strong air-
drafts, wili; light drafts, ukidshlin;

to be wafted, nti'lidsha; to be wafted |

about, lidshna; to be wafted down-
ward, as fog, lutzi. Cf. drift, v.

wag, v. t.; w. the tail, shuadsham-
tch’ma, (kpé’l) shewokaga.

wag, s., ka-ikash, shéshtalkash.

wage war, v. t, shéllual; to go
and w. w., gutédsha, shéllualsha.

wagon, cart, truck, stage, tchiktchik;
wi gén; to ride in aw., léna; to ford
a river on a w., stilankua; to start in
a w., luhashktcha.

wail, v.i. shudktcha; to commence
wailing, shuaktchtampka.

waist, kéto.

waistcoat, télak.

wait, v.i; w. for, tchawaya; tchél-
ya, watha, walya; w., look out for,
kmaka; w. upon, watha.

wake, v.i.; w. up from slumber,
skishtla.

walk, v.i, generic: géna, tamént;
one who walks, tatamnuish; w. about,
kishkanka, gintala; w. about inside
of, goyéna, cf. luyéna; w. across the
water over a bridge or ford, gakua;
w. arm in arm, hushpantehna; w.
around, skip about, gataml’ya; ani-
mals, niyamna; w. around the wa-

ter’s edge, galalina: w. around a
lodge on its outside, gati'tana; on its
mside, luyéna; w. away, gii'shka;
gtikaka, guhudshktcha; w. away
from the place habitually occu-
pied, géka, gékna; w. backwards,
as a crab, ski’-ika; w. in company
of, together, sha-ulanka, sha-ulan-
kanka, shulyaétchna; w. in a circu-
lar line, gakéla, ki-uggidsha; cf.
circle, s.; w. far off, geknoéla,
guyantcha; w. while leaning on, as
as on a staff, shikitcha; w. on one
leg, to hop, kléna, shekliziéa; w. on
long legs, tchikélalya; w. on the
horse’s or wagon’s side, kishtélén-
tchna; w. straight out, as lizards,
ulitchkanka; w. with a swinging
gait, wekishtchna; w. towards
through shtidshipka.
Cf. go, v., journey, s.
walker, habitual, tatamnuish.
walking-stick, hi’kskish.
wall of building, stalksh; lumber-w.,
papkash; stone-w. or fence of inclo-
sure, wakalak.
wampum consisting of dentalium-
shells, ttitash; w.-collar, yamnash.
wand, shuékish, walash, wa’hlkish.
wander, v.i; w. about, lokanka,
ldlalya, idshna; liyapka, Iélamna,
lutchipka; w., stray away, lulina.
wane, v. i., kié’gi; said of clouds,
ki’, tehtikapéle.

pursuing,

692 ENGLISH -KLAMATH DICTIONARY

want, v. t.; do desire, himéni, sha- | to go out on the w., gutédsha, shél-
na-uli; often expressed by the ver- lualsha; warrior on the w., kta-
bal desiderative in -shtka: he wants | klish, kildsh, shishékish; to be on
to drink water, hit a pi’nuashtka| — the w., shéllual.
dmbu; wanting, not possessed of, warped by heat, tchishiwatko. Cf.
kéliak. Cf. lack, need, wish, v. crooked, bend, v.
wapatu, the edible root of Sagit-| warrior, sheshaldlish, shishdkish,
taria, tehua. hishuaksh; w. arrayed in the elk-
war, 8s.; w.-expedition, shéllualsh; skin armor, ktaklish; bold w. or
Jormer w.-expedition, shéllualuish;) fighter, kilosh; fellow-w., shawa-
w.-clief, shellalélish laki; .-ewi-| linéash, Mod. shitchlip; hostile w.,
rass, cf. armor; to wage w., ef. shishdkish.
wage, warfare. wart, szi’tonksh.
war-dance; to dance aw.-d, ulé6-| Wasco Indian, nom pr., Am-
kasha; to dance a w.-d. before the pzinkni miklaks, Ampyiinkni.
Sight, tadshéla, yuhulaklalza. wash, vy. t.; w. clean, vudshéka; w.
warehouse, sheshatuikish. articles of dress, tédsha, temaddsha;
warfare, s. shdllualsh; to start for| — w. for somebody, tedshia; w. out, to
w., shéllualsha, gutédsha; fo start) scour, vudshokalza; w. one’s body or
w., to begin active w, shellualtim- part of it, shidshoka; w. oneself and
pka, shuktémpka. | plunge, péwa, pana; w. off from one's
warm, adj., lushlishli, kélpoksh; body, shiapkdéla; w. one’s back, shu-
to feel w., kélpka, shualka; lish. | dshokalimna; ww. one’s face, sta-
lush gi, or lushlishki; to bathe in | pitehka; to make the gesture of
w. water, kélua. | washing one’s face, shatashpapkta ;
warm, v. t.; w. oneself by the fire, w. anothers face, hashpatchka; w.
tehclui, kshéluya; w. oneself in the one’s hands, shatchakua; w. an-
sun, techatawa, pl. wawatiwa; to} — other's hands, hashtchakua; w. one’s
become, be warmed up, animal body, head, shetatcha.
ld’shka. |wash-basin , stapatchkétkish
warmly, .adv., ltishlush. washerwoman, — tetémaddshish,
Warm Spring Indian, nom. | Mod. tétadshish.

pr., Waitii/nkni, Lékuashtkni; Ya-| washout, shnuntdltchish.
makni maklaks, Yamakni. * wash-towel, shiapkoldétkish.
warmth, lushlishlish.

washtub, tetchdétkish.

Warn, v. t.; to give warning against, |; wasp, kinsh, skimteh; yellow-jacket
lewé-ula. — w., udélgatko skinteh.
warpath, shdllualsh, shishtkash;, waste, v. t., kewdlya, shnekégi.

want—we. 693

watch, v. t. and i. shlaka, Mod.
shléka; shlépopka, walya; w., be
on the lookout, wVhlta; w., keep w.,
sh ‘ualalidampka; w. the interests of,
shualaliimpka, shle’pka, shlépop-

ka; w. the fish over ice-holes, vulan, |

Mod. ulawa; watching place, wala-
kish. Cf. care, s.
watch, s., time-piece, shdpash.
watchful; fo be w., as against
thieves, wé’hlta. .
watehman, shuashulaliampkish;
w. of a guard-house, i-alhish.
water, dampu; small quantity of w.,
‘Ampka; into w., Aamputat, twa; in
the w., when connected with verbs,
is often expressed by the verbal
suffix -ua, -wa; cf. géwa, péwa,
etc.; near, on the w., by -iga: to be
near the w., taliga, laliga; compare
prefix tch-, ts-. Body of w., w-
sheet, é-ash; small, éwaga, dmpka,
tchiwish; to form a body of w., éwa,
néwa, tehiwa; w.-course, kéke, dim.
kékaga; former w.-course, palkish,
palkuish; nti’Itsanuish; ‘‘2.-pota-
to,” tchud:; w.-fowl, ducks and geese,
mii’miikli; spring of w., forming a
pond, éwaga, nushaltko, kokéga,
wélwash; stagnant w., tale, sluitch,
tchiwish; 2. running through a
pond with visible motion, waptash ;
to bathe in cold w., péwa, pana; im
warm w., kélua; to bring, fetch w.,

tehiktcha; fo carry about w. in|
one vase, tehfamna; to be cold, |
said of w. only, tchkawa; fo con- |
vey over the w, skétka; to be cov- |

ered with w., tchizi; to crowd to-
gether in the w., liwa; to give, pre-
sent w., tehtya, t’shfa; to go, jump,
leap into the w., hiwa, pl géwa; to
go towards the w., tikua; to jump
out of the w., said of fish, vutehé-
wa; to live in the w., Amputat wa,
udtimkanka; to plunge in the w.,
kidsha, pana, péwa; to sit near, on
the w., tchaliga, du. wawaliga, pl.
liluliga; to stand in the w., teéwa,
pl. liwa; to stand near the w., tea-
liga, pl. liluliga; to swim on the
water's surface, udumlaléna, uduim-
tehna; under its surface, kidsha;
to take the w. out of, Ampu kitéka,
kitéka.
water, v.1.; place for watering, tin-
uash.
waterbrash; to have the w., ki’-
dshipka, tchikamna.
waterfall; ef. cascade.
waterfowl; wild ducks and geese,
mii/miikli; species of w.-f, yahiash.
watermelon, shankish=-pakish.
wave, Ikash; concentric w., ripple,
tcheléwash; to raise waves, Ikan.
wavy, Ikakimitko.
wax; ef. beeswax and itankish
way, stu; pathway, sthaga; this w.,
adv., gitala; in this w. or manner,
huimasht, tehf, tsf; fo be on one’s w.,
ef-udshna, timénn; to construct aw.,
road, stiiya; to place on the w., stiiya
we, pron. pers. nat, na’t, Mod. nat,
na; us, to ws, naish; of us, nalam;
just w., none but w., natak; w. for

ourselves, nitakinki.

694

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

weak, ké-i killitko; w. in the knee- Wednesday, ndani tinshna stin-

joints,

w., kit’ gi; physically, kii’@i, skéka.
wealthy, mi shétaluatko; tima

shimuish gitko, shunuishaltko, na-

nuktua shunuishaltko; talaltko.
weapon, shellolétkish.

wear, v.t., said of clothing, Atpa; |
w. agown, long robe, kéka; w. some- |
thing long, ttyamna, pl. f-amna,
fyamna; wearing a hat, tchuyétko; |
w. moccasins, wikshna; w. on oneself
in perforated parts of body, hash- |

tamna; w. on neck, shepukaga; w.

kokalkokaltko; w.-minded,
kaitua shiyuaksh, Iétalani; to be |

out, to use up, as clothing, lelii’ma, |
’ 'P, oD?) ff

wena, téoa, Mod. kaga; to be or be-
come worn out, tired, kédshika. Cf.
necklace, neckwear.

weasel, Putorius, tchdshkai, dim.

tchashkayaga.
Weaslet, nom. pr. of a mythic
animal: Tchashkayaga, Tchashkai.
eather; no ex. eq.: the w. is dry,
paha ne’pkank; the w. is fine, tidsh

=~

W

né’pka; it is hazy w., tchatchak-
ma; bad or rainy w., yalkam, kil-

yash; it is bad w., kii ne’pka; to |

produce rainy w., yalyamala; it is
stormy w., witchtka; it as wet w.,
mukalta; i is windy w., shléwi;
ka-a or ska shléwi.
weave, v.i., hishtualkanka. Cf. roek.
wed, vy. t., said of both sexes, mbu-
shéala.

wedge of elk-horn, téke.

=

wedlock, shumpséalsh; to unite a

couple in w., shnumpshéala.

dé-gitlank waita; abbr. ndani tin-
shna.
weed, s.; stalk, tchélash; a species
of w., Compositae family, vudmiam.
Cf. plant, s.
eed out, v.t., said of plants, pu-
toga, palaléa; of hair, beard, hush-
mo kla.

S

W

,

week, stndeé; last w, stindé

weep, v. 1. shudktcha; w. a
baby, wéa; w. aloud, sti’tzishla;
w., lament while biting the teeth, kéka;
w. for, w. after, yutatka; w. as a
mourner, kayaiha, ludtpishla, lila,
sti’tzishla; w. pitifully, tche’ktche-
ka; w., whine, wawa; w. silently,
ktiki; to commence weeping, shuak-
tchtampka; weeping cry of mourners,
ludtpishlalsh.

oitils
enula.

7 as

weigh, v.t., by means of a scale,
shninkak’lya; weighing-scale, shni-
nkaklkétkish.

weigh, v.i, nkikélya.

weight, s.; to place weights upon,
to press down by w., latadshlza.

weighty, yutantko; tobe w, yita.

welcome; fo bid w, stinta; geli-
danka; to bow for a w., Uitk’titka; to
go and bid w., gelidankteha, tidsh
tilo’tpa; w. given a woman visiting
her old home, skatehish, Mod. ské-
tish.

well, s., natural or excavated, wél-
wash; to dig a w., shiIkshla.

well, adv., tidsh; in the sense of

intensely, mui, ttn, ké-a, abbr. ka;
suffix -ak, -hak; w.-fed, p’litko;

weak—while.

w.-intentioned, tidsh hushkankatko ; |
well! hagea ta! |

west, tydlam, tindlish; westwards,
tyalamtila, tzalamtftal, tyAlamna;
westward from, to the w. of, tzalam-
tana, tyalmakstant; who, what comes
trom the w., tyalamtalakni.

west wind, tydlamash, tzalamta-
lakni shléwish; 7 ts w. wind, tyAla-
ma.

wet, mukaltatko, Mod. pAgatko; w.

ground, clay, tipesh, kuytimash, |
miImulatko; one whose head is w., |
shetatchash; to become w., mukalta; |

to make w., paga; it is w. weather,
mukalta.

wet, v.t., shmttkalta, shmukatana;
w. through, paga, shpaga; w. one’s
head, shetatcha.

wether, laki shi’p, Mod. laki kt-il.

whale; ef. ndsé’dsh.

what, pron. rel., anim. and inan.,
kat; w.? kani? w. ts it? tua mat?
w. thing? tua? Cf. who, which.

wheat, huit; ldlomak

wheel, tilankidshatko.

wheel, v. t.; w. around, w. or roll
away, tilankédsha.

wheel, v. i; w. around, tilankan-
sha; w. around on one’s feet, ked-
shamkedshalkéa.

wheeze, v.i., klépa, Mod.

when, if conditional, hi’, hi; if tem-
poral, that time, when, tata; if causal,
-dea, -tiea, -uk (suffix of verbal); at
the time w., shthank-shitko, tatatak ;
w.? what time? tata? tishgish? 2.
ever, just w., tatatak.

695

whence, adv., also interrog., tata
(for tata ha).
w here, (1) not interrog.: tata, tush;
just w., right w., the place w., ti’sht,
ti/shtak; coming from w., tatkni,
ti’shni, also interrog.; wherefrom,
tata, also interrog.; whereto, gétala,
gita, tishtala, tata; w., as a cor-
relat. to there, (gii'tak): ti’tak; just
w., ti/taktak; somewhere, at some
place, anywhere, as on body, ete.,
tudnkshi; somewhere far out, tishak ;
(2) interrog., w.? tata? tatai? tudn-
kshi? tush? whereto? tata? tishta-
la? wherefore? tud? wak? (and
compounds), cf. why; w. then? ta-
tituk?
het, v. t. léktcha.
hether, conj.; if, w. or not, ti-
mudsh, tam.
hetstone, lektchdétkish.
hich, pron. rel., anim. and inan.,
kat, but usually expressed by par-

iW;
W

W
WwW

ticiples or verbals; that w., the one
or those w., pron. dem.-rel.: kat; w.
comes next, ttipéluish; cf. who. Rel.
and interrog. at the same time are:
w.? kant? w. thing? (not so often
applied to persons), tua? at w. time,
hour? tishgish? at w. place, spot?
tuankshi? tiish? to w. place, whither ?
tushtala ?

hile, s.; @ w. ago, tna; a little
w. ago, welisht, nfa, tma, té-in, té-
intaks nia; for a short w., wiga-
pani; after a w., tchti ma’ntch-gitk
tche’k or tché’ksh; tintchék, Mod.
tche’ksla; for a w., hitya, ma‘ntch;

696

we ;
tchak.
while, conj.; expressed by verbal
durative in -éta, -Uta.
whine, v. i, kaikaya, shud-uka;

a long w., mantch, ma‘n-

said of dogs, ete., wdiwa; to go
around whining, gaikanka.

whip, s.; cattle-w. of leather, shna-
takpitch; w -red, thin w.-stick, na-
walash, légakish; w.-stick, vutu-
kétkish; w.-snake, wlak’kankish.

whip, v.t., vudika, vud’hita; wi-
hii’tehya; udtiyua, udipka, udup- |
kpa.

whippoorwill, Antrostomus Nut-
talli, kiwash. |

whir, v.i., taktya

t.; w. around, shulémo-

whirl. .v.
kédsha.
whirl, v.i; w., skip about, nuya-
mna; w. around, anim., léna, talki- |
dsha; w. around, as winds, vu- |
yamna; w. about, as dry leaves
in the wind, vuyumkédsha; as)
dust, ete., lémewilya; lemléma; w.
around, to form a whirlpool, niulgt-
dsha.
Cf. eddy, whirl.
whirlwind, kakiaksh.

whirlpool, s.

whiskers, smo‘k; one who wears
w., shmdkaltko.

whisky, lam; w.-bottle, lamam wa- |
kogsh, lamam bunuo’tkish.

whisper, v.t., liklakpka, léklekpka; |
w. to a distance, leklektchampka.

whistle, v.i. shluytiga; w.a tune, |
shluyakiga; w., said of birds, hii’ma; |

|

whistling reed, shldélush, sttitash.

ENGLISH —-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

white, palpali; w. man or woman,
w. people, Béoshtin maklaks, Bésh-
tin; w. paint, lipaksh ; to be at w.
heat, tehiitchiga, ef. incandescent;
w. oak, cf. oak.

white-tail deer, mtshmush.

whitefish; a kind of sucker-fish,
Catastomidae family: udshaksh; to
take w. annually, wdshaksalsha.

whither, adv., also interrog., where-
to, in what direction, tishtala, tata;
coming, arriving from which direc-
tion, t’shni.

whittle, v. t. vulina.

who, pron, rel. anim. and inan., kat;
whose, kinam; whom, to whom, kan-
dan; the one who, kat: those who,
kakat; who? kant?

whole, nanuk; the w. day, waitan,

waitélan, na’sh waitélank; w., not
torn, ka-i tégatko, Mod. ka-i ké-
gatko; to pass a w. day, waita; to
have passed a w. day, waitdla.
whore, sheshtdlkish; whoremonger,
sheshtélkish, kekeluipalish.
whorl, push; little w., bunch, pt'-
shak.
whortleberry; upland w., iwan;
aspecies of w., gupélish, and others
under fwam, q. v.; fo gather whortle-
berries, t-umala; to return from
gathering them, i-umaltka.

why, adv., also interrog.; for what

reason, tua, wak, wakegitko, wak
efug, wakgitiga, wak lish; w. after

all, wakaitch, wakaitch giug; w.
then? w. after all? tudtala? w. not?

wakai? (for wak ké-i ?)

while

wick of candle, etc., tunszantko ké-
nukaga.
wicke a kitidshi steinash, kiidshi;
tchAkalsh, papalish. Cf. bad.
wickedly, kui.
wickerwork; w-dish, -plate, pa-
‘hla; shaplash; w.-paddle, s shaplash,
dim. shaplka; larger, tia. Cf. bas-
ket.
wide, muni, kinkutko; very w., mu-
itmi, mi kinkutko; so w., tamiani.
widow, wénuitko; to be, become a
w., wendya.
tchimantko;
tchiména.

widower,
come a W.,

wife, shndwedsh; wives, wéwanu-_

ish; young w., te-iniwa-ash; to take
as a w. or wives, shnawédshla,
Mod. shnawédshashla ;
shla; wife's brother,

wife's sister, mt'lgap; brother's w.,
wifes sister's husband,

p'tchi'kap ;

pa-alamip ;

p'tchikap.

wigwam, lAtchash, tehi’sh; assem-
blage of wigwams, tchi’sh. Cf.
lodge.

wild, adj., savage, iwash; said of

beasts, komti/shni; to be im the w.
to be w. from rage,
shawiga; from excitement, kiflua.

state, kilua;
wildcat, or lynz, shléa.
wildfire, héshla.

wild tobacco; edible root of w.

t., ko'l; the plant producing it, Va- |

leriana edulis, ko'lam; to gather w.

t. habitually, k6lalsha.

will, s, htishkanksh; to have the w.

of doing something is generally

to be, be- |

wewanul- |

697

wind.

expressed by the future tense in
-udpka. Cf. willing.
Willdmet River, nom.pr.,
kawana Koke.
Williamson River, nom. pr,
Kéke; Kéketat; W. R. in its low-
est course, Ya-aga Koke, Ya-aga.
to be w., suffix of future

Teha-

willing;
tense, -udipka; ké-i lewitchta.
‘willow; species of, yash, dim. ya-
aga; limkosh; kué- utch; badger-w.,
Cornus sericea, ktIsham yish, to be
full of, studded with willows, yashala;
full of willows, yashaltko; w.-branch,
w.-rod, used as frame for structures,
Ishiklak; w.-basket, yiki; w.-lodge,
stina’sh K1.,
win, v.t,
ikakpéle; to be the winner inagame,
Se w. by gambling, shi-tyaga;
», from each other, shi-fyaga ; to be

dim. stina’ga.
w. again,

to gain, tkaga;

e final winner of all the stakes, wi-
uka; object won, tkaks.
wind, s., shléwish; the w. blows,

shléwi; to be full of w., air, shipna;
whirl-w , ka-
w.-pipe,

breaking w., shki’sh,;

kiegsh; w.-bag, shipnush;

sgutkana'tkish, ete., ef. throat.
For names of winds, .cf. north,

northeast, west, etc., storm.
wind, v. t.; w. around, wapil’ma,
Ses w. up, as a watch, ki-ugei-
dsha; w. up, as a rope, wapil’ma;
a cen, witchya;
Cf. tie, v

W Wass «Ve ae

w. up, terminate,
tména.
W.
ae

w. around, gaméni;
around while ascending, age

Cf. bend, turn, v. 1.

698

window, and pane of w., shétalu-
ash; w.-shade, hisho’tkish.

wing, s., of bird, la’sh; provided with
wings, lishaltko; w.-feather, shorter,
of a bird, hlaka; longer, lash; to
Hap, move the wings, when poising
for a flight, or walking on ground,
ninia; néna, Mod. shné’dsha. — Cf.
flutter, v.

winged, lashaltko.

wink, v.i, kélamtcha, nidshonf-
dshua, shueképtcha; w. with one
eye, knadshikia; ww. with one or both
eyes, shkitchiwa, shakélamtcha; to
keep on winking, kélamtchtémna.
Cf. blink, nictate.

Walmer, S.5, (Ch, win, y. t

winnow, v.t., and fo clean by win-
nowing, shiulina.

winter, s., l’ldam; during w., lt'1-
dam; w.-lodge, Wildamalaksh; Wi-

dam-tehi/ksh, wa’sh, kiiflalatchash; |
to erect a w.-lodge, luldemalya; jirc- |

place of w.-lodge, tant.

wipe, v.t.; w. down from, ndshash-
lina; w. off from, ntchamia’shka,
ndshashléla, ntchamashldla,

wish, v. t.; silently or openly,
shand-yli; expressing one’s wishes
by words, voice, more Mod. than
Kl, haméni; w., desire, witchna;
w. for, shayakshua; w. for oneself,
shaménakfa. Cf. desire, want, v.

y

atl

ritch, weldckaga.
witchcraft;

Cf. spirit.
magic spell of w.,
shui’sh; yayaya-as; to suffer from
a spell of w., shalzita. Cf. spell, s.

with, prep., logether w., tila.

ENGLISH-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

withdraw, v.i.; w. from, kédsha,

glikaka, gf’shka; w., w. again,
shi'kpeli.

wither, v. i, kmukdltei; said of
trees, plants, nkdéla; withered, as a
plant, pakatko.

withers, wakdaluish.

within, adv., ginhiéna, yuhiéna;
also expressed by the locative
cases and by verbal suffixes; to be
w., ginhiéna, iwina, yuhiéna; to
live w., tchizdga, tchiwiza, pl. wa-

Cf. indoors, inside.

without, prep., ké-i tila; w. us,

dshuga.

ka-i nalash tila; being w., kéliak;
w. in the sense of outside of, ef.
outdoors, outside.

wizard; cf. conjurer.

wolt; gray w., Canis lupus, ké-uteh-
ish; the mythic Gray Wolf, Ké-
utchiamtch; prairic-w. or céyote,
Canis latrans, wash.

woman, shnawedsh, pl. wéwanu-
ish; young w., tefna, te-iniwd-ash,
shiwiga; married w., shnawedsh,
pl. wéwanuish; w. recently married,
te-iniwi-ash; ww. married who has
no children, shapuksh; women with
their children, families, wéwansni;
w. who lost one child, Wlekala;
w. who lost two or more children,
Ilépkleks ; w. visiting her old home
and bringing presents, skatchish,
Mod. skatish; old w., ef. female,
old, wife.

womb, suéntcham sktitash, Mod.

wood; piece of w., or w. considered
as a raw material, anku; lember,

window—wrap.

papkash; fallen or felled log of w.,
himpoks; rotten w., mt’lu; dam of
w., paplish; pyramidal pile of w.,
fire-w., tiilash, sttilash; woods, if
filled with shrubs, gatchesh; woods,
consisting of timber only, dnku;
into, in the woods, ef. recess, timber.

woodchuck, arodent of the squir-
rel genus Arctomys, mii; w.’s-teeth-
game, skti’shash.

wooded, gatchétko.

woodpecker; red-shafied flicker,
tché-ush; species of flicker, kilt-
wash; species of black, red-headed
w., wakwakinsh; black w., Hyloto-
mus pileatus, skatiktish, dim. skt-
kashiga; Harris’ w., Picus Harrisii,
shpfwhpush.

Wood River, nom. pr., H-ukalk-
sini Kéke.

wool, ni; shi’pam nil

woolen, adj., if rough to the touch,
kitehkitehli.

word, hémkanksh; in the sense of
speech, or of connected words, heme’-

Mod.

words spoken by somebody, hém-

Cf. speech.

work, v. i, pélpela, shuita; w. for,

yish; wialtoks, waltkash;

kankuish.

pelpela; w. in the ground, kiitla
shiita; w. on somebody, shiita; w.
with a pickaxe, ibutitya; to commence
to w., pelpeliéga, pelpeltampka ;
working tool, shute-étkish; v. t., fit,
appropriate to w. upon, shitesh.

worker, shtishatish.

world, earth as well as universe,
kiifla; about this w., génta kiiilatat;

699

to create the w., kiiflala; for some-
body, kiilalia. Cf. universe.

worm, generic: m@’lk, dim. mi’lk-
aga

worn out, inan., dmtchiksh, -amtch;
ef. wear, v.

worry, v.t.; w. somebody, shnu-
mitchka; worried, yuyalkish.

worship, v. t., stinta.

worth in price, shéshatko; to be w.,
to cost, shésha.

wound, v.t.; w. with an arrow, mis-
sile, neé-isha; shlin, pl. yuita; télya;
w. continually, shlitimna; w. each
other, hishlan; w. but not to kill,
ngéshe-tiya; to come near wounding,
shli’kshga; aw. by means of, shlitta ;
w. by beating, shitka; w. with a cut-
ting instrument, ktakta; w. with re-
moval of flesh, shiktakla; without
removal of flesh, shaktakla; wounded
by a cut, gash, ktakalitko; w. with a
long article, or by scratching, upata,
upatia; w. by firing, neé-isha ; shlin,
pl. yuta; w. slightly, to graze, ntiksh-
ktcha; w. by stabbing, stiika; each
other, stiiyua; repeatedly, stupa.

wound, s; w,, gash, ktakdlitko; w.
by which no flesh was removed, shak-
tkaluish; w. by which flesh was re-
moved, shtiktashkuish; stab-w., q. v.;
shot-w., shliwitko; to have an open
w. or sore, hanuipka; to inflict a w.,
wounds, ef. wound, v. t.; to produce
a burn, w., as nettles, Whlopatana.

wrangle, v.i, shila; w. with each
other, shuke’ki, shukikshléa.

wrap, v. t.; w. in, as into a bundle,

TOO ENGLISH-KLAMATH DICTIONARY.

szuta; w. around, wapil’ma; w.
around oneself, sha-utima ; ww. one-
selfin, skita; wrapped in, skiitatko;
to be completely wrapped in, uki'm-
tatka; what wraps in, covers, wal- |
shash.

wreck of canoe, é-ukik.

wren, tehitchulak.

wrench, v. t.; w., take off, litya;
long obj., titza, pl itza; w., contort,
as one’s limbs, tilanshnéa.

wretched, yanhuani, yudlkish;
kutidshi; to be in a w. state, yinhua,
yualka; w.-looking, yudlkishptchi.

wriggle, v.i, witwita; w. while
lying, floating on the belly, willas-
lina.

wring, v. t.; w. out, as cloth, atch-

iga,

wrinkle; hand-w., shéktanksh.

wrinkled, adj., kmapat’hicnatko;
w. inthe face, tmukdlatko; to become
w. by wetting, kmuko'Itgi.

Wrist, s.; w.-joint, nawalash, népam
nawalash; w.-bone, kApkapo.

write, v.t., shtiimalua; written mark,
letter, paper, shimaluash; writing
pen or pencil, shumaldtkish.

wrong and w.-doing, ktidshi, léta-
lani. Cf. bad.

wrongly, kui.

wroth, kilosh, shawigank, shawi-

gatko; to be or wax w., kilua, sha-

D

1

wiga, shitchakta, shitchiktna; to
become w., angry at, hishtchaktna,
hushtlina.

wry; w.-shaped, tikiwatko; ef. bend,

yv., crooked.

EVA.

Yaneks, nom. pr. loc., Yafnakshi;
native of, staying at Y., Yatnakshni.

yard; y.-stick, skilulyétkish.

yawn, v.1, skiyadshua.

ye, you, pron, pers. second pers.
plur., at, abbr. a; i, ik, thou, is
sometimes used instead; obj. case,
ye, to ye, malash, ma’lsh, in Mod. |
also: mal; poss. case, of ye, mélam. |
Cf your, yours. |

year, illdlash; the y. goes round,
ends, is over, past, completed, illdla; |

to finish one y., tina illéla; one y.
. , e , , |
since, tina illélash tank; many years

ago, gahak; ten years old, ti-unep
illolélatko, Mod. illélatko; spring
of the y., ské; fall of the y., sha-
lam.

yeast, and yeasted dough, shnunto-
p'lkotkish.

yellow, kakii’kli; of y. metallic
shine, as copper, kikiiv’kli; light .,
spalptehi; reddish y., dark sorrel,
tehuitchtuli; y. ocher, spal.

yellow-hammer, or red-shafted
Hicker, tehé-ush.

yellowish, kcétcha kikii’kli, kii-
kii’k-tkani.

'

wreck

yellow-jacket wasp, kinsh, |
skintch.

yelp, v.i., shud-uka.

yes, yea, aye, 6, 6-6, é-é, i, 1-1.

waitéla, waitélank,

tna, Mod. tna,
nia; last night, ina pshin.

yet; still, even now, we’; not y., ka-
yutch, kayak, ka-i we gi, kayu,
Mod. kayu.

yew, popular name of a bush, tsu-
pinksham.

y olk of egg, ki’-adsh.

yonder, adj.; the oney., gimi; adv.,
etini, eétui; tu, ti’t, ta’sh; point-
ing to long objects, persons, hit.
Cf. that.

you, pron. pers., second pers. sing. ;

yesterday,
nash waitdélan;

oun,

ef. thou, thee; second pers. plur.,
cf. ye.

young, adj., said of persons, té-
ini; of persons, animals, plants,
kitehkaéni, ntchalkni, ndshékani, or
by suffix -Aea, -ak, -ka; y. man, un-
married, tchtluish, dim. tchilluyaga;

y. woman, shiwaga; té-ini, te-iniwa-
ash; the younger, youngest, taptnka-
ni; younger brother or sister, tapiap; |

= 7G

TOL

to become y. repeatedly after attain-
ing old age, tchiltgipéletamna.

young, s.; y. of animals, wéash,
dim. wéka, or expressed by the
dim. ending -Aga, -ak, -ka, ete.; y.
of quadrupeds, lelédshi, dim. lele-
dshidga; y. of certain quadrupeds,
elk, tawalsh; of deer, wihla, dim.
wihlaga; pregnant with y., as ani-
mals, lal4-ish; y. of a wild animal
and of a deer, lilhanksh, Mod. lid-
lanksh; y male animal, lakiaga; y.
Female animal, gtiluaga, ndshiluaga;
y. of the coyote, wi’sha-wéka; y. of
the red or silver fox, wanam wéash,
wanika; to bear y., we’kala, hla-a.

Young Silver Fox, nom. pr. of
a mythic animal, Wanaka, Wanak.

youngster, kitchkani, ntchalkni,
tchakidga. Cf. boy.

your, yours, pr n. poss. second
pers. plur., malam; y. own, mélam-
tak; when used in the sense of thy,
thine, ct. thy.

yourselves, atak; obj. case, y.,
to y., malashtak, madlshtak; poss.
case, of y., your own, mailamtak; ye
Jor y., ataginggi.

Li.

zealous, killitko. |

zigzag; to move, fly m a z. line, |
kakidsha, kinuina. |

zine, palpali tchikémen.

.

a el ie

=,
hs j
J 7
oe
; ‘
se
a

?
—e.
nf
rite

LIST OF ERRATA.

PART I.

IN ETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH.

Page vii, last line: Sahaptin (in one word, not in two).
Page xxxvi, line 6 from below: read Tatapkaksh.
Page xlviii, line 2 from below: comma after “language.”

IN tHE TEXTS.

Quotations having a semicolon after the page number refer to poetic texts only, all of which stand after
page 182.

Page 2, line 17, tribes, instead of ‘‘language.”

Page 17, line 14, peno/dsa: caught up with them.

Page 17, line 19, real: never made slaves those of the Lake tribe.

Page 22, line 4, put semicolon after hatakt.

Page 22, line 5, senotdnkash they fought.

Page 23, line 11, taukt at suddenly. ;

Page 23, line 18, under tsi/n thus J, not “then I.”

Page 24, line 12, hak: in but two days.

Page 24, line 18, Waktchi huk, instead of Wak tehihuk.

Page 25, line 1, separate ni (J) from ndannitaks, and erase note 25, 1, on page 27.

Page 35, line 19, na/dshash: to another spot.

Page 37, lines 3-11, Bartell, false for Boutelle. During an interview which I had in Washington,
D. C., April 3, 1590, with this officer, Lieut. (now Capt.) F. A. Boutelle, he stated that this passage
contained no truth at ail, except one fact: ‘That Major Jackson had asked Bogus Charley for the where-
abonts of Captain Jack. Lieutenant Boutelle did not see Jack that whole day (November 30), for Jack
kept himself secreted. On the morning of the same day Scarface Charley fired at Boutelle at a dis-
tance of about 30 yards, the bullet tearing his cardigan coat and undershirt at the elbow.”

Page 43, line 5, nadshkshaptdnkui, instead of nadshaptdukni.

Page 46, note to 35, 18: change pélpeli into pélpela (the word stands there twice).

Page 47, note 37, 10: for reflective read reciprocal.

Page 47, erase note to 37, 17.

Page 55, line 19, Searface Charley was then thirty-two years old.

Page 63, erase note to 59, 9.

Page 68, erase note to 66, 16; the verb is not shnt’/nta.

Page 72, in note to 71, 2: m’na instead of n’ndlam.

Page 72, line 1, ndyiins some, not another.

Page 74, line 1, kdpto: small suckers.

Page 77, line 2, tayash dry rye-grass.

Page 78, line 13, tchi/pkshi means where had lived.

Page 82, line 4, and page 85, line 16, wéas child instead of children.

Page 87, line 12, for ta’k see Dictionary.

Page 95, line 16, vutoldla is preferable to nutolala.

Page 99, line 8, naénuk sas everything from them.

Page 100, lines 12 and 16, kaikéma and kayékma: did not recognize him.

703

704 LIST OF ERRATA.

Page 102, note to 99, 3: tchye-utchyé-uptchi blue is the cerrect form.

Page 103, lines 6 and 13, ski/shkish dung-beetle, tumble-bugq.

Page 113, line 15, gag’kua is preferable to gdikua.

Page 122, lines 12 and 13, real signification: the lake is there! lakes are there !
Page 128, line 6, gaétpamnan coming near.

Page 131, lines5 and 7. Cf. Dictionary under iwag.

Page 133, line 2, Kt4-i-Tupdksi, instead of Ktaftini

Page 138, line 2, mpiita; fastens or pins (upon me). Erase note.

Page 137, erase note to 137, 2.

Page 117, line 3, pi’pash whorls (not its top).

age 151, note to 147, 3: tiletat is from tale small lake, pond, stagnant pool.
Page 153, line 2, read nish instead of ni.

Page 153, line 3, read n’sh instead of m’sh.

Page 179, line 3, shap’sam stuti’sh sunbeams.

Page 180, line 3, »’laiwash golden eagle.

Page 186, line 54, want instead of like; wife instead of woman.

Page 193, notes, first line, six instead of eight.

Page 193, note to 193; 10, payan instead of animal.

IN THE GRAMMAR,

Page 211, erase from Vu- and the vowel u- ..---- three lines down to ndtiyua.
Page 236, wiuldlek; strike into the fire! :

’age 257, pélpela to work; add again at end of line.

Page 294; erase ndshak wéta.

Page 351, ske’l mink; erase the whole line.

Page 470, after ‘‘in the inflection of,” add parts of body.

Page 485, temololii‘mi. Erase this line.

Page 507, incorporation instead of agglutination. ,

Page 677, insert kiui-i before tehii’ m’l tk.

mi PART II.
DICTIONARY ; KLAMATH-ENGLISH PART.

Black Jim; change October 4 to Oetober 3.
éwa; instead of iwa pnt e-na.

gabak; read ma/nteh=eitko instead of ma/ntch.
gama; to grind, mash with a stone.

hémkanksh; also signifies word.

hushlta; erase ‘Der. shléta.”

hiutyi to rush or run downhill.

ishalk: borrowed from Chinook Jargon.

yen; to the list of sucker-fish add the vinai.
ki katilsh and Kiikakilsh; Indian nickname for bearded white men.
kshipa; bewitched (instead of poisoned).
kshuiwalu to deyosit upon.

ktai-shishnish ousel (imstead of wren).

kimal: read pelican’s-bill-eap.

kako also means leg; ef. pahoka.

kélpka; read v. intr , not v. trans.

lopkash; read paénam, wipalash.

Lelékash; from leléka to rub upon.

filpalpalia; Der. lilpala, -péli.

lepleputiina is really: Jewalewaputii/na.

LIST OF ERRATA. TO5

Li‘lo is the Freneh le loup, in Chinook Jargon.

maklaks; first word on page 208: tumi, not ami.

nanilash; spevies of little bat.

ninia; read, ef. naindya. .

nutolila is: to swing, throw into the fire.

p@hlak; read palaga.

papiii/na; the absol. form is payii/na to eat while going around inside of (a lodge, ete.). From this
correct also Grammar, p. 277.

pshi-kékenish; read: as morning and evening star.

puka, poka to roast is same word as mbitika No, 2.

spidsha and spitcha are both the same word.

shémtcha and shémtchna, to hold a long object.

shio'lyi; is same as shin/Iki and hushto/lki, q. v.

stéyak’lakpa: to listen from the inside of (a lodye, ete.).

shuinshna, shuipkulish, shuipiklash; to be placed in the alphabetic order.

shuki/Ikish: cowneil and crowd.

tushlindsha; the correet form is tushlinsha.

tehana, to be unable, not to know how; ni pélpelash teh. or tehanish J can not work; ké-i mish ni
shapiyuapk tehanok J can not erplain it to you, not knowing it myself; ma/nts i tehana, tstissak mish ni
saplya you never grasp it (although) J explain it to you all the time.

tehilika; same word as teblika.

ul6ka; not ulokasha.

Vulalkshi; read emptying from the west.

DICTIONARY, ENGLISH-KLAMATH PART.
Page 525, caterpillar ; correct into syeshi’sh.

Page 671, strong ; to become stronger, said of winds, shiwiyi.
Page 693, to watch; set straight the shualalidmpka.

45

="

Roman figures refer to the ‘‘ Ethnographic Sketch.”

Grammar; D., Dictionary, both parts.

tN) icexe:

Che abbreviations for the three other parts are: T., Texts; G.

Most of the Indian vocables of the Index and of the Notes are fully explained in the Dictionary.

Page.
AN panbicle=semes= seen ne = G.. 649, 696
Absolute form—
iN VOnDShs= = 522 - sae G. .262, 263, 400
TURN OWNS cae aaner 463-466

in adjectives -506, 511-515
in numerals -. --
in adverbs-.-.--

Abstract nouns - --G.. 498-500

Accentuation --- ----G@.. 236-243

Active woice .-.---..--.. G..421, 572-575
(Cf. Transitive verb.)

Adessive case in -kshi ..G.. 486-488

Adjective, structure of ..G_--515-517, 694

ced 561

Adverbs thets:2-=s20--22- G_. 560-567
Adverbial clause.------ -- G.. 661, 695
Adverb qualifying averb...G_. 630-632
Adverbs as prefixes --..--- G.. 632, 633
Aflixes to the radix .-......G@_. 279-398

SAI paves hee = = oem = XXXii, Xxxiv, lviili
Aigspaluma, or ‘‘people of the

Qa ebe) sh eogne mepsocoase Xxxili
A-inflection

Aishish lii, Ixxx-Ixxxii,
Ixxxiv-Ixxxix, xciv, cii, civ

myth of his birth. ....Ixxxv-Ixxxvi

mythic tale about......T-. 99-103
ak, aka, ka, particle ...---. G.. 695
(Cf. Possibility.)
Alammimakt i’sh -..-.......--- XxXxill

Alikwa or Yurok - . Xxxiii, xlvi
(Cf. alkétehik in Dictionary.)

Alimentary substances.....T.. 146-153
Alternating sounds .-- --G@.. 222-227
PALUK OM: onan cites aeons: (+.. 317, 616
Amtchiksh old, abbr. -amtch.... lxxix,

1xxxV, Ci, cili..G. .504, 519
(Cf. -pits, xxix.)

Amathesis:-.-...--- liii. .G-.236, 278, 279
Animal deities-...-.-..-...--- xcix—civ,
Ovi 102
Animals, miscellaneous notes
ON ea sa tea sass ie eese = TT 144
Animate gender......------ G.. 462,463 |
Animism ...-..]xxvii-lxxviii, ¢, civ-evi
Antelope.-....-- -Ciii, civ..T ..118-125 |
Anthropomorphism in relig-
MON) 2 osesnescbis = Soden coogeees Ixxvii, ¢
Appendices, six, to Grammar.G@ 673-711
Ara or Karok ----..-...:---.Xxxili, xlvi

.--- 524-527 |

Page.
Archeologie remains.-.-. ---- xlii-xliii
Assimilation 233
at, particle-.....-.-... - 584, 650
Attributive relation. . +. .571, 628, 629
Attributive verbs. -- =o Gre 428
AUULOLA) tae see =< Saree Ixxxv, lxxxvi
Bat, skunk, hog, and prairie-
wolf, stories of..... . ...T.. 127-129
xx, lxv
(Oi we do ne een Ae roUsSSOoS ~ 18-125
Bear, cinnamon (nik xIvili
Bear, grizzly........- 118-125
Beliefs and superstitions .T.. 133-136
Bibliosrap hyn caeaas eee xii-xv
Big Valley, part of Pit River
Valley, California...--.....-. lx
Biographic notices of Modoc
CHALRCLONS eee tees sec T.. 54-57
(Cf. Modoc war, the.)
Bird sess eee Xxiv,.c, ci, civ.-T--180
Bloody;Pointy-—---.s.n == Ivica:
Bridge, Natural --. xxi
Bridge over Williamson River |
GY ABP A aan alae ne ces a a et xxix, lxvi |
See also Ya-aga.
Butte Lake or Na-uki-..-..... XXXV
California Indians. --..-- vy Ni

xlii-iv, xlvi, li, lii, lv, cii
Camping places—
of Klamath Lake Indians
XXVIli-XxXx

of Modoe Indians. ..... xxxi-xxxii

of Snake Indians........... XXxi |

Cascade Range of Oregon .. ...xvi-xix,
XX, Xxiil, Xxv, xxvii, lix, lxi, xcix

Case, inflection for—
in the substantive. ..G..466-496, 693

in the adjective ........ G.. 507-515
in the numeral....-....G.. 528-530
in the pronoun...-. -.. G.. 538-548
inthe participle in -tko..G.. 447
Case-postpositions -.....-..G.. 467-470 |

Case-suflixes—

in the substantive. G..467-470, 693 —

in the adjective....-.-. G.. 507-515
Causative voice. ...-- liii-.G..284, 285,
295-297, 426

Cemeteries......--.----- xxix, Ixvi, evi |

Page.

Cession of territory. - xvi
Characteristics of race XXxxvi-xl,
Chewankan Marsh ......-...-. Xxil,
XXxV..1--153

Chinook .....- xiv, li..T.-15

Chinook Jargon.-li, Ixvi-Ixviii..T-.5, 8
Classes of animals and plants

T-. 145
Classifiers, numeral --.... G.. 532-535
Clear Lake, identical with
Wintichteiakel- + -sconeacnee XVili, xxi
Collective nouns..-...-.... G.. 465, 501
Color, adjectives of -.-.......--. xiii, lil,
liv..G..2€0-262, 352-353, 515, 518
Columbia River -...- --...--.- xix, xliv,

lvi, xvi, xvii, xecii
(Cf. Dalles, the.)
Complex synonymousterms G.. 697-711
Composite nominal inflection
(binary and ternary) ..G-..468, 490, 491
Compound sentence, the -.G_. 656. 664

Compound verbs.... .----- G.. 633-635
Compulsion, how expressed G.. 616
| Concessive clause .....----- G.. 660

---G_.. 500, 501

-G.. 658-661
-.405, 589, 590
a0 G. 556-"60,
56, 692, 693, 695, 696

Concrete nouns .-..-
Conditional clause.
Conditional mode. .
Conjunction, the...

649-6
Conjurer’s practice, @etails

(i etenacceeneeecensasr Kili. T7172,
Conjurer’s incantations ....T.. 162-164
Consonants—

MARS neaSoosecsooeeseon Gee 209
semi-vowels .....------ Ge: 210
Consonantie inflection of the

OND eee ASA BSaSSeCs G.. 455-457
Conversational form of lan-

(ROPE pace eo sacs ode Doe G.. 677-681
Cooing and Wooing-.--.----- T_. 182-189
Correlative sentence, the ...G-- 657
Cottonwood Creek...... aces xxi
Crater Lake or Giwash. -xvii-xix, xevili

(Cf. Léwa.)
Creation==:2=.c sea-ice Ixxx, Ixxxiv,

IxxxXvV, xcii, ciii, ev

of men.... --IXxx, ]xxxi, xciii

of the moons...-..-..-.-T-- 105

Cremation of the dead .-...T-. 85, 56
707

708

Page.
Crook, Maj. Gen. George ..-.--- Ix, lxi
Crooked River......-......-.-- Xix, XX
Dalles, the... ....-.- lvi, lix..T.. 93
Dave Hill, subechief....... XXViii-xxxii,

lix, lxi..T..6,7

Of the ‘Texts’? many were con-
tributed by him, as T. 16-33, 58-65,
70, 72-73, 77-79, 83-84, 99-103, 107—
108, 129-131, 142-143, 145, 162-164,

195.
Declarative mode ........-. G.. 405, 588
Deities, animal..-.-... xeix-—civ, ev. T..102
elementary ............- Ixxix-xev
BpGessense ses Pose aeonCe XCV-X¢cix
Demonstrative pronoun....G-. 5387-540
Derivation—

of verbs. .- -- 458-461
of nouns ...... . - -G.. 496-505
of adjectives. 515
of numerals.........- ¥-. 535-536
Des Chutes River and Valley. Xvi,
xix, |xiii
Dieresiseaesseeeeeeeena one G:: 232
Dialectic differences. ...... G.. 681-687
J Uae 4
Mi nlOANeS ier co ces cstias coe T= 140

Diminutive adjectives and pro-

NOUN Kise tana eee G.. 311,515
Dimiuutive nouns....-... G..310, 311, 503
Diphthongs ...--.....%...5. G.. 208, 209
Direct object........... - 621-623

Direct question
Directive case in -tala..... ce
Distributive form—

in verbs and nouus....- 611-614, 688

489

iM NOUNS s-noanee G...463-466, 491-496

in adjectives .--.-.-.... G.. 511-515
Distributive reduplication in-
dicating number in the

VEEDeeorascewesaae ee eeees G.. 435, 438

Dissimilation ............. Ge 234
Doctor John tried by the

CONG) Ceo Serema= eee sac Se T.. 64-68

Dual in the iutransitive verb,
G.. 438-441

ID Wan Sienaeticc = aaatsjs sneer aioe oe xcix |
Basle rolilen ..sssqecec-occsss- civ
Early traditional history of

Mod0CS8! 22 -----s-ceeceas = LUA 13
JOT ATRIA) pope ae Ra oceaeEeeSees lii, xei-iii

Elementary deities ...1xxviii, lxxix-xev
Eminences, list of, on Upper

Klamath Lake..........-... XXX-XXXi
Emphatic adessive case in

aICHIESFUB see acnpecacesce G.. 425-489
Emphatic pronoun..-... Gee 552

Buelitic accentuation --
Errata, list of
Esselen language, California. .-
Etymologies of Klamath

LOEMIG) anes sa see ee G.. 697-711
f-ukshikni.

-G.. 241-243

Cr. 646, 692 |

| Historic period, the

703-705
xlvi |

noertdceceeatnoe ss. 2s eahy
(Cf. Klamath Lake Indians.)

Exclamatory sentence ..... G.. 568, 648

Exhortative mode.......... G.. 406,590 |

INDEX.

Page.
Father. ..2....-..5 ace ene xiii,
Ixxxviii..G..710

Fauna of the Klamath High-
lands 2.5 50)<-- ona mee soee =o xxiii-xxv
Female sex in nouns ........... li,

Ixxxviii..G..501, 503

| Fights between Klamath Lake

and Rogue River Indians.T.. 16-18
Five, ‘‘mystic” number .........-- lvii,

IxXxxvii, xe, cii, ev
Flora of the Klamath Highlands
XXli-xxiv

Foreign terms .......... G. .220-222, 466
Fort Klamath Pare o tee aye

1xii, Ixiii, 1xxi, xxiv
Fremont, Col. J.C .....-xiii, Ixvi..T..7
Frequency of sounds. ..--. G.. 217
Froben, Minnie ...... .... Mune 7,8

Among the ‘‘ Texts” contributed by
her are 65-68, 71-72, 79-80, 82-83,
87-88, 94-99, 105-106, 109-125, 146-
162.

Games of the Klamath Lake

PeOpleleaseeees = eee es T.. 79-81
Gemination .*-.......5..2...G.. 233
Geography of the Klamath

Highlands...........--. xv-xviii, lyiii
Gender, animate and inanimate
G.. 462,463
h,
Ixxxviil.-G..501, 503
Geology of the Klamath High-
ANOS aw aeeaoeer
GI, the verb tobe G

Gender, feminine

Sor Scee XVii, xviii
430-433, 593, 614, 681

paradigm . 2-2 Ge. 442, 443
Giants ......- xeviii
Goose Lake. . XVi-XViii, XXii, XXXV
Gradation—

of the adjective .-...... G_. 520-523

of the adverb...-...-... G. 561
Graphic signs explained. ...T.. 12

G.. 214, 215
Great Basin of the interior .-.. xvii
Grouping of sounds.....-. G.. 217-220
Gwinwin, a dwarf ...........- xeix
hai, ai, particle ............G.. 650-652

See also oral particle, G. 696.

Hale, Horatio .......-...- Breer. ty ba 3
Harney Lake, Oregon ........ Xvi, XXXvV
jira, particle--. ~~~ nen lee Gz 659

lvii-Ixvi

the Modoe war...... ...-1xx-lxxiv

Homonymy)csscs. se -0e- aoe G.. 244, 245
HOGSDrN ES een estes se esee eee DOTS 6 Sx
Hot Spring Indians, Pit River

WE Ch ptenosaesanSdagasansocec Ix
How the Lake Men fought the

Snake Indians 28-33
Inn eee sons aae -- 673-677
T-inflection -....... LG. 454 |

I}lative case in -xéni
Imperative mode

G..405, 406,
591, 592, 647, 629

.. 482, 483 |

Page.

Imperative sentence....... G.. 647, 68:
Impersonal voice; objectless

and with personal object. G.. 429, 430

paradigm ............- (os 452
Implements...... ae Ixix
Inanimate gender.......... G . 462, 463

Incantations, subject listof T.. 179-181

Incantations; Dr. John's list

T.. 176-179
Ineantations of Modoc con-
qurers: 22-2-%)-> 2-500) oo T.. 173-176
Incantations of the Klamath
Lake conjurers ........-. T’.. 164-172
Incantations of the Klamath
Lake people .............T.. 153-162
Tucorporation -.-.-.--.... G.. 664-669
Indefinite pronoun...-...... y.. 542-545
Indirect object .--.........G_. 623-628
Indirect question .-.....--- ies 663
Tnessive case in -i.-- +.. 485, 486
rns 18
Infinitive, the. ..........G_.409, 596, 690
Tntixes in the radix....... G.. 303 304
Inflection; 552--s-5--ceenee G.. 398-553
Of the verbi --2-. ---<-- G.. 401-458
Inhumation, present mode
Of Same soeee woe nee 7y.. 87,88
Instrumental ease in -tka ..G.
478, 479, 694
| Interjection, the ..-......-. G.. 568-570
Interrogative particles.....G@.. 541, 693

692

Pobacasn A 692
Tuterrogative pronoun ....G.. 510, 541
Interrogative sentence ....G.. 645

Intransitive voiew. --G..426-429, 595, 6YL
unumber in the intransitive

MOLD steer ances samen G.. 437-441
paradigm =e 452

| Juxtapositive case in -tana.G-. 490
Kalapuya XXXVi,
Spa 15)

Kayuse or ‘‘ Old Cayuse’’..--xlv, lit-hii
Kintpuash or Capt Jack Ixxi-lxxiy
Klamath Agency..-. .. ------xx, lsiii,
IXVilsxveedet, 8

Klamath Indians of southwest-

ern Oregon, or Maklaks In-
inns S--sses---5---eoaeee 26.0.9) eed Kare |

See Maklaks Indians.

Klamath Indians, home of. .-xvi-xxvii,
Xxxix, lvi, lxiii

Klamath Lake dialect .... G.. 681-U87
Klamath Lake, Lower (or
Little) 222%, seeseo sae ooo XVi-Xxvili,

Xix, XNi, XXXii, XXNiv, Ixi, Ixxx. ef.
Agivwesh.

Klamath Lake Indians ...--.xxii, xxiii,
xxxii-vii, lvii sqq., Lxii, Ixiii,
Lelie: xyes aan
Klamath Lake, Upper. .-.xvi-xviii, xix,
XXX-XNXXi, XXXII, XXNIV,
Twili, Ixiii, Ixvi, lx xx

Klamath language, forms a lin-
guistic family for itself. ...]v-lvii, lxvi

Page.
Klamath Marsh ....-..--.---- RVi-XViili,
XiX, XX, XXii, XXill, XXXV,

lxi, Ixiii, Ixvi, ixxx, cil

camping placeson ...- .----- Xxviii

Klamath Reservation, Oregon. - XX,

xxiii, lxiii, Ixxv..T.-5

XVi, Xix,

xxxiii, xlvi, lviti,

K’mikamtech Sxix-Ixxxv,

Ixxxvi-viii, xciii-iv, cii, ciii, cv
K’mtkamtch attempts the de-
struction of his son Aishish,

Klamath River

T.. 94-99
K’mikamtch, the five Lynxes
and the Antelope, myth
Upc osekges ao pescceaces T.. 125, 126

K’matcham Litsashkshi. --.xxxii, xxx
Kohashti Xk Ex,
Iviii, Ixv, Ixvii, Ixxx..T..8

Kté-i Tupdksi, or ‘Stan iing
Saws se a XX, XXix, xxxii, xxx
Kumbatwash, or Kombatwash- xxi,
xxxiv, xxxii, Ixxi-.T..14
Mus, on Coos Bay : xlv
Lake Men and Snake Indians-.
Wer

Lakes of the Klamath Uplands
XVili-NIX, XXii
“Lament over a wife's loss..T.. 83, 84

Laryngeal mode of utterance. -
G.. 215-217

Laughing Raven, the spell
Oe rondock--canccesces Je Fa Ca 131
Lava Beds, California ...xxi, Ixxi-Ilxxiii

Legal customs of the Klamath

28-33

Lake people..-.-.-...-.-- T.. 58-63
Lelékash, chief -.-. xxvii, lviii, lix
Le-tkakawash, a bird 5 eae) LXV,
Léwa, the island of Crater

Wak@sa--c< on-censsaeees - XVI XCVIL
Life, length of...:-. .=.-..- T.. 103-104
De anflection= s--2----=ss—e—- Ge 455
Linguistic affinities.-----.....-. sliii-lvii
Link River, or Lulaléna, Yu-

laléna, I-uatna......--- Xix, Xxx, lxxx |
Linkville, Lake County --.---. XixX-x i,

XXVii, XXX |

Locative case in -tat Gr. -479-482, 693-694
Lord's Prayer, the .--..---- of ba
Lost River -...xvi, xviii, xix,
Lost River Valley

139

ef. Agawesh.
Lutuami
Maidu dialects ..........---- xl
M. myth
Maklaks In lians
XXXV, xxxix, xl, lvii, Lxii,

Ixvi (and often)..T..4,5

Male sex in nouns.......... G.. 501, 503
Manslaughter through witch-

craft punished -......-..- T.. 68,69
Map, tepographic, of the Kla-

math headwaters, by U. S.

Geological Survey...---..---- Ixx

| Number, verbal

INDEX.

Page.
Marten and the Weaslet, myth
Ope ees Ve 7107"
mat, oral particle G. 652

Meachan, A. B .......---.--.Xiv, lxvii,
Txaix,lsx--0'=a0
Sce also Notes to Modve war.

Medial voice...---.. G. 295-297, 423, 424

Medley languages and races. -..
ii..Cf. lxviti
Mental qualities.--.....----- xxxviii-xl
Metathesis, phonetic - ..-G.. 235, 236
Metempsychosis of human souls
into fish -. Mae
Méatokni, etc ..-..-----.--.-...

129-131
XXxiv

| Modes of the verb..G.- 04-106, 588-591

Modoc Indians -.---- xxii, XXNii-NXXV,
xxxvii, x1, Ivii, lix, xii, Ixili, cii..T..4
Modoc Point -----. -.---. XX, XXiv, Ciii
Modoe war, the, of 1872-1873. .1xx-Ixxiv
T..5..T.-33-53 (the text).

Modoc dialect ..---- G..681-687..T..14
Molale Indians -xxxvi, xly, lii, liii, Ixxvi
Months of the year, the ....T.. 74-77
Moonta. ess est-=s— =< Ixxxiii, Ixxxvii-ix
Moons, creation of ..-..--- sh eae 105
Morphology of the Klamath
language ..--....-- T..9..G..246-570
Mount Hood, Cascade Range -- Xvii |
MountJefferson, Cascade Range xvii
Mount Pitt ....xviii, xxv..(Note)..xxx
Mount Scott .--...--.---XVii, xviii, xxx
Mnnatalkni: oscecsse---= --==-= xciii
Matsun dialects - Bee Sen Xlvipl
Mythification, principles of. --. civ

| Names—

of persons, animals, plants,

and inanimate thinys.G.. 498-505 |

proper names of persons - --
XXXViii, evi..G.. 621

local (of camping-places) -- xxvii

XXXiil

bestowed on localities..T.. 142, 143 |

Natural Bridge --.--..--------- Xxi
Natural philosophy .-.-------.]/xxvii-ev
Negative sentence ...--.--. (Cee 644
nen, oral particle .. - G.. 653, 696
Nilakshi Mountain - SXVXXI5

XX
Nilakshi, camping-place
N-inflection

, xiii, Ixxx

Noja language.....-.--------- xlvi, li, ii
| Nomina actoris ..---.------ G 501
Nomina agentis .-.-------- (Cron 501
Nomina propria ....-------- G.. 502, 505

Nomina verbalia
See also ‘‘ Names”.
Northwind, or Yamash -. Boab soak
Ixxx ii, xei..T..164
Noun qualified by anoun . G.- 635-639
inflection for
+... 433-441

Numeral, the.-..----- xiii...
numeral series, the ---.G_-

523-527

adverbial numeral .--.-G.- 530-532
ONT IMO fea ae ae Ore 535
Nushaltkaga, near Bonanza --. i

pees G..263, 401, 461 |

709

Page.
XXAV
..-G..471-474, 698
G..571, 620-628
seUres 419

Nushaltxagakni
Objective case in -ash
Objective relation
Object pronoun --
Obsidian
Old Marten, mythic tale of. T.. 109-118
Old Modoc country ..--..----- xxi, xxx
Oral particles:
See hai, mat, nen.

Oregon Central Military Road

Seb c neaSndnSe oanIneaNenaoce 1xi, Ixv
Origin of human races ..-..T-. 103, 104

Pan aia ce Deh sameeren a= lsi
Paradigms—
of the verb -.-.-....... G.. 441-457
of the noun ...-........ G_.. 491-496
of the adjective .-....-. G_. 511-515
of the numeral .-- : G.. 528, 529

of the pronoun - --.G.. 542-551
Participles +. .407, 408, 591 595
in -nk, -n (present partici-

(1G) ase ect Aer eOEOS
in -tko (past participle) 593-2

Partitive case in -ti -... G-.476-478, 693
Pasyanuasheescnaccawe ieee == XXXIV
Passive Voice ......----.---

Past and perfect tense

Payute Indians .--...--.- XX4ili, xxxv, li
Personal pronoun .----- G. -545-549, 680

its abbreviated forms..G.. 548, 549
connected with the verb

G.. 417-419
of first person.-....-.-------
of second person....--.-- aA
Phonetic figures ...--..---- G...2
Phonetic table. ..----- T..10-12..G_ 211

Phonology of Klamath language
T..9..G..206-245
Pine, various species of-.-xxiii..T..152
Pit River, of California xvi-
XVili, XXv, Ix
Pit River Indians, California. - ii,

Pit River Indians raided by
Klamath Lake warriors (in
TNO} ALES) oe atee ee eae T=: 19-27,
Pit River language ---.-.--..-- x1 vi, lii,
lvii, lix-Ix..T..152
Pitsua, mountain ridge ---.---- XX, XXXi
| Plaikni Koke. (Cf. Sprague
River and Sprague River Val-
ley.)
P'laikni, or the Indians on
Sprague River. xxxV, Iviii, xiii
Bb hal iE) Seo eeeacessteccose xxi
Pluperfect tense ----------- G.. 583-586
Plurality—
in the verb..G..419, 434-441, 578, 579
Imthenounee=-se---s G.. 464-466
Poetry and songs.-evi-.T.-1, 4, 153, sqq.
Polar lights.--.-. .------------- xevii
Polysyuthesis. .--.-.------ G.. 665, 666
Pomo dialects. - 00 xlvi
Pond-lily, ov w6kash .-.---- --- Xxiii,
xxxv..T_-76
Pond sources ..-.-------------- xxi, xli

XX1 |

710

Page.

Papalation ..< cus e-cn=0!-sec==-s Ixxv-vi
Position of words in the sen-

fente sssncesacees seen G-. .639-642, 658

Possessive case in -am, -lam
xlvii, liii..G..474-476, 693

Possessive pronoun .-....--- G.. 549, 550

Possession, methods of express-
rhage = i coos eae -G..614-616, 693

Possibility .-...-.-- ---.G.. 619, 695

Postposition, the G.. 553-556
Potentiality.......----.- G. .617, 618, 695
Powers, Stephen, author. .....-xiv, Xv.
XXXViii-xlii, xlii, xliv, lvii,
lviii, Lx, xix, xxviii, 1xxxiii
Prairie-wolf. or coyote

106, 127
Predicative relation .... G..571, 577-620
Prefixes of form.........G..303, 460, 461

Pretixes—
list of .. -.G.. 282-303
their recapitulation -...G_.- 302,303 |
Prehistoric period.............. xli-lvii
Present tense ..... Sel ee 580

Preston, Charles...xxxi, xxxvii.-T..93

Pronoun, the: .-.....----- G.. 536-553
Pronunciation of the sounds
G.. 212-214
Quadrapeds .. xxiv, ci-civ..T..179, 180
G. .502-504
Quantityec-s.<-.-n-- names (Cs. 243
Quapaw Reservation .......--. XXXiV

Quinary system of numeration
lvii..G.. 535, 536

UAW DI ts co cen eee seas ae Besa xlix
Radicals which Klamath holds

in common with other fam-

ION oceans eee ne hese xlvii-l

(Cf. prefixes, infixes, and
suffixes.)

Radical syllable, the....-.- Ge 247
Raven, or Kak <..;......... xe, xci, civ
Reciprocal pronoun .-....-. G. 552
Reciprocal voice .lv..G_ 284, 295, 296, 425
Reduplication ...-....-.. liii, lv..G-..258
IOrauive secon. - sane -G.. 260-262
distributive . 2 7
monosyllabic. ....-. G.. 269-273
dissyllabic ......... G.. 274, 275
nomina verbalia thus
formadn <-ees == G.. 276, 277
Reflections of every-day life. T.. 136
Reflective pronoun..-. ..-. os

Reflective voice G..284, 285, 295-297, 423
Relapse, the........-...-xiii_.2..72, 73
Relationship, terms for. liii, lv..G..275,
276, 363, 364, 466, 502

Relative clause....... =e 662
Relative pronoun . -G.. 541-542
Rhetorical figares .........G.. 669-672
Riddle family, the. . aU ees 6
Rogue River and tributaries. xix, xxxvi
Rogue River Indians....... .- XXxiii,
lix..T..16-18

aeniee cii..T..105, |

| Simple sentence, the......

INDEX.

Page.

Root, structure of..... Pore os 248
origin and classification of

roots ..-.--. Seeceeecnd Cree 250

vocalic alteration of....G_. 253
consonantic alteration of

Ges 258

Saddle Mountain....... aa eeiae ae xxi

| Sabuptin dialects .........-.. vii, liii-lvi

Sahaptin Indians...........xxvxiii, xliv,
xlv, lii-lili, xeii

xxxili
XXXIV
55-57

Charl oyicecwss anes ce
Scientific researches on the Kla-
math Indians...-.......--.-.lxvi-Ixx
Selish ...xliv, xlv, li, lvi, lvii, Ixxxix, cii
Seven-Mile Creek.....-........ xx
Severalty—
expressed by the verbal in-
flection
expressed by nominal in-
filection:....<..<=2 G.. 262-267,
276, 277, 463-466
Shamanic dancedirections..T-. 70, 71
Shapashxé’ni -...----.-....- XxXii, Ixxx

|

Page.

Spiritilandveoss2-s-aumee-e ee xevi, xevii
--X1X-Xxii

XXXIV, lviii, Lx, Lxiii

Sprague River Valley.......... xvii,
XXxy, Ixx, Ixxiv

Statistics eucepsotee nee --1xxiv-vi
Steamboat Frank...... Ixxiii..T..55, 57
Steele, Judge E.........2... meecoeae Ixii
| Subject pronoun .......--.- G.. 417,579
Subject of the verb.....-.. G.. 578,579
Subjective case.-........... (Cee 471

Substantive, the ....G..461-505, 693, 694
Suffixes—

MatOb sesame ese see =e G.. 304-395

recapitulation of .. -G.. 395-398

SURE eSco see es Ixxxiii, Ixxxvii-viii
Spin-dishk:weer as. sdno == sccedeneaee Ixxxiii
Surprise Valley..--.......-.. xvii, XXxV

| Swan Lake Point ..---.......-. xxi

feck cinne sk G..262-267, 419 |

Sweat-lodge. See spiklish in D'y.
| Sweat-lodges, ceremonial --..- Xiil, Xxx,
xxxi..T -d2 83
Sykan or Saike/ni Marsh....-. XX, XXXV
Synieresis seth --G.. 231, 256
Syntactic examples ......-- G_. 658-696

Syntax of the Klamath Jan-

PUALS vee an eet eaeaee G.. 571-472
ta/dsh, particle -.---- Pel Oy B54
tak, -toksh, particle - G..654, 655, 696

Shasta Butte, or Mount Shasta xviii,

lix, civ

Shasti Indians .-...---... xxxii, xxxiii,

Xxxviii, lix..T..54

Shasti language..--.- xl vi, li-lii..T..152
Shoshoni (family and dialects). xxxv, |

xliv, xlv, li, vi, Ixxix, Ixxxix

Shoshoni Indians: (see Snake

Indians.)
Shiv’kash, or Whirlwind xciv
Silver Fox, or Wanika -..-...lii, 1xxxii
Silver Lake and Valley, Oregon,
Xviii, Xxxv
G.. 648-656
Simu.taneous tense-form.. G.. 581, 582
Singular of verbal subject..G-- 437
$ke'l, or Pine-marten. .-...1xxx, lxxxii,
Ixxxiii, xei, xev, xeviii, ci-cii, civ
(Ct. Tehashkai.)

Sketch of Ball’s married life,a
T.) 97-79

Sketch of the grammatic struct-
ure of Klamath x.. 202, 203

Xvii,

| sko‘ks, or ghosts of the de-

parted xevi
Suake Indians. - -xiii, xxii, xx xiii, <xxv-
vi, 1x-1xi, Ixii, Ixx, Ixxvi

Snake Indians fought by Lake

MOM sees eee scene nee eset lee OOD
Songs, miscellaneous 5... 192-194
Songs of satire...-.-. --T.. 189-191
Sn as as 4 -xev, xevi
Sounds occurring in the Kla-

math language, list of....T.. 10-12

G.. 206-214

South wind, or Mitash.. Ixxxii,
Ixxxiii, xei..T..167

NGC OLS ions een eee ee xevi

Spirit deities .........xev-xcix, ciii-evi
(Cf. also welékaga D.)

Takilma 45
‘Tanager, a bird. Ixxxv
‘Techakii/nkni...-- XXxVi

(Cf. Dy. and Molale.)
Tehashkai, or the Weasel--1xxx, lxxxii,
Ixxxiii, lxxxvii, xev, ci, cii

tchi-, tsi-, radix referring to

water, liquids ......-.- a Fell Ce 300
‘Tchitchatsyii’-ash, or Big Belly. xeVv
Temperature ..-...--..-.-...-. XXVii
Temporal case in -émi .-... G.. 484-486
Tense—

forms of the verb... G_.579-5s8, 688

inflection for .....-.---.G_. 402-404

Three Sisters, Cascade Range - XVii
| hinders thee--=--—--ee xe, xcii
Tinné, or Athapaskan~. ...xliv, xlv, ly,
lix
POD Y) WMUUG eee ns eee T-..6, 54-57,
173-176, 185-189
Toékwa or Tikua ..-..xxx, lviii, lix, xxx
Tradition bearing upon _his-
try xli, xlii, lvii
Transitional case in -na.-- G-.. 484
Transitive verb..-.....- G. .420-426, 594
number in the transitive
VODU eso ose eee ee G.. 434437
Treaty of 1864 - ae -Xvi, lxi-Ixvi

Tribal names and subdivisions
XXXiii-XXXVI

seo dn ec aseSaso sed G..540, 541, 692

xxiii

tua
Tule, or reed.
Tule Lake, California and Ore-
gon, identical with Rhett and
Modoc Lako ..--......- XVi-xviii, xxi,
xxxiVv, lvii, lxxi-Ixvxiii, Ixxx..T..14

—

a, : ae z

Page.

Tunes and songs without
QRH paeeeae Ie aoe T.. 194-197
U-inflection ....-........... G_. 453,454
Ixxxix
5a0
. 400-451
Verbaladjectivesin -tko-G 593, 595, 690
Verbal causative in -tiga...G-- 415,
605-603, 691
Verbal conditional in -sht..G_- 414,

602-605, 691
Verbal desiderative in -shtka
G. 413, 600, 601

Verbal durative in -fita ... G.. 416, 608

Verbal indefinite. ...G..410, 596-601, 691
Verbal intentional in -tki..G_-. 416,

609, 610, 691
Verbal preteric in -uish G_.414, 605, 606
Verbals .-...... _---G-.409-417, 595-611,

690, 691 |

Vocalic inflection of the verb

G.. 441-454

Voices of the verb ......-- G-.. 284, 285,
295-297, 302, 303, 420-430
Wolition)222-.-----s<eaeneos Ges 620

INDEX.

Page.

Wi welat-- =e. sere y ee aan G.. 206-208
Wailings at theapproach of the

fatalhour -- JA be 138

Walpapi...- o= XXXVI xt

Warm Spring Indians. ..-. ---- XXxili,
1vi, Lx xii, Ixxvi
their language ..----------- 53-55

(Cf. also Des Chutes River.)
Warner Lake, or Christmas

ake &=e-0.2- XVii, xxii, xxxv, lxii
Wasco Indians—
opinion about ..-. ----- pee 93
their aflinity aod we 93
Wash K’mush, or Gray Fox... xeviii
Washo Indiaus.-.......-.------- xlv
Wayiletpu dialects ......-.- ¥xxvi, xlv,
lii-lvii
Wheeler, Lieut. Geo. W..-..--. xxii, Ixx
Williamson River -Xix-xxi,
xxxiv, Ix, lsiii, Ixxx, xcix
Wianterlodro. = 22>. ----- ee XXVii
Wintun dialects -.....-.-2-.--. xlvi, li
Wishosk language .....-...-.... xlvi

Witchcraft, punishment of
manslaughter through .T-..

2)

68, 69

711

Page.

Wood River ..... xix, xx, xlii, I xiii, xciii

WOME PtAV acces en sosen eens <=. cil

| Word-composition 629
Wright, Ben—

his Modoc massacre ...---- Ivii,

Ixix..T..13, 14
cave called after him --]xxii, lxxiii
Wright Lake. (Cf. Clear Lake.)

Va-aga...-..--.-.-. xxix, xxxiv..T.56
Yahiushbkin .........---.. xxxv, lxi, lxiii
MEA yan Beeson nena cee xlv
Vanisl Peak 2ocaeeo---.s-—n = Xx, Ixxx,

xci, Xcviii, cii..T-.108
Yanalti, mountain spur--...--. XX, XXXi
Witieks ¥s52-454 cesses XXVii, XXX,

XXXii, xxxv, Ixx, lxav

Waéneks Putte: -.-csc sco --2e oo XN, SEXED

Yaneks subagency ..xx, xxxi, xx, lxxv
(Cf. also Sprague River and

Plaikni.)
Yayayd-ash.--...... xe, xeviii..T..70, 71
Yuki dialects xlvi
Yulaléna. (Cf. Linkville.)
Yumatilla ...... --XXXvi, xlv
| Zoodemonism .....- Saveaaeoe Ixxvii-viii

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i , > : - aa — %
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a x - - 2 © v 7

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: : : .
‘ = 3
= Ss
>
~ i" ," ¥ -—
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B
a =
J ® =
x s
11
e 2 e
aan —— : : .
' % e
: : e
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1
a 7 * os
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